The Corrs are an Irish family band that combine pop rock with traditional Irish themes within their music. The group consists of the Corr siblings: Andrea (lead vocals, tin whistle, mandolin, ukulele), Sharon (violin, keyboards, vocals), Caroline (drums, percussion, piano, bodhrán, vocals) and Jim (guitar, piano, keyboards, vocals). They are from Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland.

The Corrs have released seven studio albums and numerous singles, which have reached Platinum in many countries, and have sold 40 million albums worldwide. Talk on Corners, their most successful album to date, reached multi-Platinum status in Australia, and in the UK it was the highest selling album of the year. The band is one of only a handful of acts who have held the top two positions simultaneously in the UK album charts, with Talk on Corners at number one and Forgiven, Not Forgotten at number two. The latter was the year's third highest selling album in Australia. Their third studio album, In Blue, went to number one in seventeen countries, and earned the band two Grammy Award nominations.

The Corrs have been actively involved in philanthropic activities. They have performed in numerous charity concerts, such as The Prince's Trust event in 2004 and Live 8 in 2005. The same year, they were awarded honorary MBEs for their contributions to music and charity.

The band was inactive for almost ten years because Jim and Caroline were raising families, while Andrea and Sharon were pursuing solo careers while raising families of their own. According to Sharon, it was uncertain if and when The Corrs would reunite. Rumours of a reunion sparked in early 2015 and in a radio interview with Chris Evans in June 2015, Andrea confirmed that The Corrs were working on a new album and would play the BBC Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park festival. Their sixth studio album, White Light, was released on 27 November 2015, and was accompanied by a European tour. After two years, their seventh studio album, Jupiter Calling, was released on 10 November 2017.

History

1990–1994: Early commercial success
The Corrs are from Dundalk, County Louth in Ireland.
While Caroline and Andrea were still attending school, Jim and Sharon began playing as a duo, often at McManus's, their aunt's pub. In 1990, Jim and Sharon added their younger siblings, to form a quartet. Their career took off in 1991 when they auditioned for the film The Commitments. Jim, Sharon and Caroline each had small parts as musicians, while Andrea had a speaking part as Sharon Rabbitte. John Hughes noticed them when they auditioned for the film and agreed to become their manager.

In 1994, the USA ambassador to Ireland, Jean Kennedy Smith, invited them to perform at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in Boston after seeing them play a gig at Whelan's Music Bar in Dublin. After an appearance at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States, The Corrs joined Celine Dion's worldwide Falling into You Around the World Tour as a supporting act.

1995–1999: International fame
Jason Flom, Atlantic Records's head of A&R, recommended that they meet David Foster, a Canadian musician, producer, composer and arranger. The Corrs played live for Foster and he agreed to sign them to Atlantic Records. They extended their stay in the US for over five months to record their debut album, Forgiven, Not Forgotten. It featured six instrumental selections among its Celtic-influenced tracks. The album sold well in Ireland, Australia, Canada, Japan, Norway and Spain. Major success in the US and the UK, however, was not immediately forthcoming. Eventually, the album reached Platinum status in the UK and Australia, and 4× Platinum in Ireland, making it one of the most successful debuts by an Irish group.

The Corrs' next album, 1997's Talk on Corners, was produced by Glen Ballard, who was respected for his collaboration with Alanis Morissette. The Corrs also collaborated with Carole Bayer Sager, Oliver Leiber, Rick Nowels and Billy Steinberg. It was successful in Ireland and the UK and entered the Australian album charts at number 3.

After the band recorded a version of "Dreams" for a Fleetwood Mac tribute album, they re-released Talk on Corners, with new remixes of "What Can I Do?", "So Young" and "Runaway". The special edition topped the charts worldwide and again reached multi-Platinum status in the UK and Australia.

In June 1998, The Corrs participated in the Pavarotti and Friends for the Children of Liberia charity concert. The concert was held in Modena, Italy and was hosted by Luciano Pavarotti. The concert aimed to raise money to build the Pavarotti and Friends Liberian Children's Village, to provide refuge for children in Liberia.

The following year, The Corrs received a BRIT Award for Best International Band. They performed live on MTV's Unplugged on 5 October 1999 at Ardmore Studios, County Wicklow, Ireland. The resulting CD and DVD sold 2.7 million copies and featured live performances of previously released songs, plus a new song, "Radio", later featured on their third album, In Blue.

2000–2002: Mainstream success
In 2000, The Corrs returned to mainstream success with their third album. Unlike their previous albums, In Blue moved towards mainstream pop. In Blue hit number one in its first sales week in, Ireland, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the UK and debuted at No. 2 in France and Norway. It climbed to the top spot during its second week in Sweden and Spain.

The Corrs worked with Alejandro Sanz on In Blue, recording "Una Noche (One Night)", a duet between Sanz and Andrea Corr; Sanz played Andrea's love interest in the music video. In return, The Corrs performed "Me Iré (The Hardest Day)" with him on his album, El Alma Al Aire. The Corrs collaborated with Robert Lange to produce a mainstream hit single, "Breathless", which reached number 20 in the Billboard Hot 100, number seven in Australia, number three in Ireland and New Zealand, and topped the charts in the UK. The album went straight to number one in the Irish Albums Chart, the third highest single-week sales in the history of the charts, behind U2's The Best of 1980–1990 and Oasis' Be Here Now. In Blue achieved Platinum sales in the US, double platinum in the UK, and 4× Platinum in Australia.

During the production of the album, the Corrs' mother, Jean, died while waiting for a lung transplant. She was buried at St. Patrick's cemetery in Dundalk. "No More Cry", written by Andrea and Caroline Corr for the album, was written to help their father get over his grief.

In 2001, The Corrs released their first compilation album, Best of The Corrs. The album featured previously released songs and new tracks, such as the singles "Would You Be Happier?", "Make You Mine" and "Lifting Me". The album did not chart highly in Ireland but reached Platinum status in Australia. The Corrs collaborated with Josh Groban, recording "Canto Alla Vita", for his eponymous debut album.

When the band returned to Ireland, they hosted another live concert at Ardmore Studios, where they previously performed for the MTV's Unplugged series. Guest performers included Bono from U2 and Ronnie Wood from The Rolling Stones. During the concert, Bono joined Andrea Corr for a duet of Nancy Sinatra's "Summer Wine" and a performance of Ryan Adams' "When the Stars Go Blue". Ronnie Wood joined the band onstage to play guitar on their version of Jimi Hendrix's "Little Wing" and the Rolling Stones' "Ruby Tuesday". These performances were recorded and compiled on a live album, VH1 Presents: The Corrs, Live in Dublin, which was released in the UK.

2003–2005: Later years

In 2003, Andrea Corr recorded "Time Enough for Tears", written by Bono and Gavin Friday for the film In America. This track was featured on The Corrs' 2004 album, Borrowed Heaven. Recorded over an 18-month period in Dublin and Los Angeles, Borrowed Heaven was produced by Olle Romo, who previously worked with Melanie C and Kelly Clarkson. The album marked The Corrs' return to the folk rock genre with a slightly heavier emphasis on guitars. Nevertheless, the album was not as successful as their predecessors, but at least successful enough to enter at No.2 in both the UK and Germany and reach silver status in the UK as well as gold in Germany. Jason Duffy temporarily joined the band as drummer, filling in for Caroline while she was pregnant with her second child and unable to tour. Borrowed Heaven was dedicated to the band's parents.

The band also dedicated their 2005 album Home to their late mother. It is regarded as a traditional Irish album as the band covered traditional Irish songs taken from their mother's songbook to commemorate their 15 years as a band. The album was produced by Mitchell Froom and featured the BBC Radio 2 Orchestra. The songs on  Home spanned the history of Irish music. It also included two songs in Irish, "Bríd Óg Ní Mháille (Brigid O'Malley)" and "Buachaill Ón Éirne (Boy from Lough Erne)". Home had success in Ireland, France (reaching No. 5) and Germany (reaching No. 12) and was certified silver in the UK.

2006–2014: Solo projects and retrospective releases
The Corrs went on an extended hiatus starting in 2006, raising their own families and pursuing solo careers.

Andrea released her first solo album, Ten Feet High, on 25 June 2007. It was produced by Nellee Hooper, who has worked with Björk, Gwen Stefani and Madonna; Bono was an executive producer. The first single released from the album was "Shame on You (to Keep My Love from Me)". On 30 May 2011, Andrea released her second album, Lifelines, an album of cover songs, with The Blue Nile's "Tinseltown in the Rain" as the first single. Sharon started pursuing a solo career in 2009, her single "It's Not a Dream" was released on 29 August 2009. On 10 September 2010 her debut album Dream of You was released, with her cover of "Everybody's Got to Learn Sometime" by The Korgis as the first single. Sharon finished writing her second album in March 2012. The album that emerged was called The Same Sun.

The Corrs released their second compilation album, Dreams: The Ultimate Corrs Collection, on 20 November 2006. The album consisted of several of the band's hits, as well as tracks that had not previously been released on Corrs albums, such as "I Know My Love", a collaboration with The Chieftains and "All I Have to Do Is Dream", Andrea's duet with Laurent Voulzy. The album also featured remixes of "When the Stars Go Blue" and "Goodbye". The latter was released as a download-only single to promote the album. However, the album charted poorly, reaching number 24 in Ireland. On 25 September 2007, The Corrs released another compilation album, The Works. The album consists of three CDs that feature previously released songs. It performed worse than its predecessor, failing to chart at all.

2015–2017: Return with White Light and Jupiter Calling
In June 2015, Andrea announced that the Corrs would perform at Live in Hyde Park on 13 November and were in the process of making a new record. On 17 September 2015, the band confirmed their sixth studio album, White Light, which was released on 27 November 2015 and was accompanied by a European tour, which took place in 2016. According to an interview, released by Jim to Music Radar, the band had already completed the recording for their seventh studio album, Jupiter Calling. Produced by T Bone Burnett, it was released on 10 November 2017, and was preceded by a concert on 19 October at the Royal Albert Hall in London.

2022–present: Second return and touring Australia
On 26 November 2022, the Corrs performed together for the first time since 2017, playing to a crowd of approximately 11,000 at Hope Estate Winery, in Australia's Hunter Valley, their first concert in Australia in 21 years. Due to the success of the concert, the Corrs announced on 4 December 2022 that they will tour Australia and New Zealand in October and November 2023 and have since added dates in Jakarta, Indonesia and Manila, Philippines.

Musical style and influences
When asked to describe their genre, Caroline Corr said it was a "blend of modern rhythms and technology with acoustic instruments, violin, tin whistle, drums and of course the voices, the marrying of these instruments is our sound". The Corrs' music is typically categorised as a mixture of pop rock and folk rock. This is evident in their first two albums, Forgiven, Not Forgotten and Talk on Corners, although Andrea described the genre of Talk on Corners by saying "it [has] got more of an edgy feel, a little bit more guitar-orientated and also an Irish sound, which is in Forgiven, Not Forgotten."

In Blue moved towards mainstream pop, placing heavy emphasis on synthesizers. The move attracted criticism from many; one Entertainment Weekly critic called it "a disheartening example of musical ethnic cleansing". A USA Today critic called it "the best mainstream pop album you're likely to come across".

Borrowed Heaven placed heavier emphasis on guitars, while retaining the original folk rock genre. Home is a traditional Irish album, where the band covered many traditional Irish songs. The album contained songs from different eras of Irish music, including a 1982 song written by Phil Lynott ("Old Town") while the 1,000-year-old "Return to Fingal" featured as a bonus track on the Japanese, limited German and Spanish editions. White Light returned to a similar sound to In Blue, with much more electronic-based instrumentation, while Jupiter Calling is characterised as a more stripped back live performance with minimal overdubbing.

The Corrs' main influences were their parents who were musicians and encouraged them to learn instruments. They drew inspiration from musicians such as The Eagles, The Police, The Carpenters, Simon and Garfunkel and Fleetwood Mac, which Sharon said in an interview with CNN is the reason "our songs are very, very melodic and [harmonious]".

Philanthropy
The Corrs have been active in supporting charitable and philanthropic causes and disaster relief. In 1998, the Corrs participated in the Pavarotti and Friends for the Children of Liberia charity concert. The concert was held in Modena, Italy and was hosted by Luciano Pavarotti. Among the other participating artists were Jon Bon Jovi, Natalie Cole, Pino Daniele, Celine Dion, Florent Pagny, Eros Ramazzotti, Spice Girls, Vanessa L. Williams, Stevie Wonder, Trisha Yearwood and Zucchero. The concert raised money that was used to build the Pavarotti and Friends Liberian Children's Village and to provide a refuge for orphans in Liberia during the civil war. The Corrs, along with Sinéad O'Connor, Van Morrison, Boyzone, U2 and Enya held a charity concert in 1998, to raise money for the victims of the Omagh bombing in Northern Ireland.

The Corrs' mother, Jean, died in Freeman Hospital in Newcastle, England. The Corrs showed their appreciation to the hospital by performing a one-off charity concert, held in 2001 at the Telewest Arena, raising more than £100,000. The money was used to extend the William Leech Centre of the hospital, which is dedicated to research into lung treatment. The city of Newcastle presented them a limited edition painting of Tyneside's quayside in return.

The Corrs played at a 2004 charity concert for The Prince's Trust, a UK-based charity that provides help, training, financial, and practical support to UK citizens aged between 14 and 30. They performed with The Buggles, Will Young, Blue, Avril Lavigne, Lenny Kravitz, Busted, Anastacia, Nelly Furtado, Sugababes and Natasha Bedingfield and raised more than £1 million.

They are ambassadors for the Nelson Mandela's "46664" campaign, where they performed live to raise awareness towards HIV/AIDS in Africa. The concert was held on 29 November 2003 in Cape Town, South Africa. The concert aimed to "[raise] awareness of HIV in South Africa and launched the 46664 campaign" and the money raised was donated to the Nelson Mandela Foundation for Aids. During the Edinburgh Live 8 on 2 July 2005, the Corrs performed "When the Stars Go Blue" alongside Bono to promote the Make Poverty History campaign, which aimed to increase awareness and pressure governments into taking actions towards relieving extreme poverty.

In recognition of their charity work, The Corrs were made honorary Members of the Order of the British Empire in 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II.

Members
Arranged from youngest to oldest:
 Andrea Corr (born 1974) – lead vocals, tin whistle, ukulele, mandolin
 Caroline Corr (born 1973) – drums, percussion, bodhrán, piano, vocals
 Sharon Corr (born 1970) – violin, keyboards, vocals
 Jim Corr (born 1964) – guitar, piano, keyboards, vocals

In late 1995, Anthony Drennan (lead guitar) and Keith Duffy (bass guitar) joined the band and remained a permanent part of the touring and recording line-up. When Drennan was released in late 1997 to tour with Genesis, his temporary replacement for two legs of the Talk on Corners tour was Irish guitarist Conor Brady. Duffy's younger brother Jason joined the line-up as drummer for the Borrowed Heaven tour due to Caroline's pregnancy. Both Drennan and Duffy re-joined the band for their 2015 return.

Discography

Studio albums
 Forgiven, Not Forgotten (1995)
 Talk on Corners (1997)
 In Blue (2000)
 Borrowed Heaven (2004)
 Home (2005)
 White Light (2015)
 Jupiter Calling (2017)

Tours
 Forgiven, Not Forgotten World Tour (1996–1997)
 Talk on Corners World Tour (1997–1999)
 In Blue Tour (2000–2001)
 Borrowed Heaven tour (2004)
 The Corrs: In Concert (2004–2005)
 White Light Tour (2016)
 The Corrs Down Under (2023)

Awards

The Corrs have been nominated for two Grammy Awards in 2001—"Breathless" was nominated for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, while "Rebel Heart" was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.

They won one BRIT Award, in 1999, and have twice been nominated at the Meteor Music Awards, in 2005 and 2006.

In 2002, they took home Best Pop Act honours at the Hot Press Irish Music Awards.

See also
 Music of Ireland
 List of artists who reached number one in Ireland

References

Sources
 Cornwell, Jane, The Corrs, London: Virgin Publishing Ltd.

Footnotes

External links

Celtic music groups
Sibling quartets
Irish folk musical groups
Irish folk rock groups
Irish pop rock music groups
Musicians from County Louth
Atlantic Records artists
Brit Award winners
Irish pop music groups
Celtic fusion musicians
Irish musical quartets
Lava Records artists
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
Musical groups reestablished in 2015
Irish-language singers
World Music Awards winners
Musical groups from County Louth
East West Records artists
Female-fronted musical groups

The Corrs


Vlatko Lakošeljac (Novaki Motovunski, 1924. – Pula, 1949.) bio je hrvatski katolički svećenik i žrtva jugoslavenskog komunizma. Svoju svećeničku službu vršio je u Premanturi kod Pule.

Životopis
Rođen je 1924. u hrvatskoj katoličkoj obitelji. Službu je vršio u Premanturi. U mjestu je bio poznat kao mlad i pobožan svećenik koji je okupljao oko sebe djecu i mladež, što se komunističkim vlastima nikako nije sviđalo. Komunističke vlasti nisu nalazile način na koji bi likvidirale velečasnog Vlatka jer je rat završio i primjenjivanje ratnih metoda komunistima se nije činilo djelotvorno.

Vlč. Lakošeljac živio je u skromnim životnim uvjetima, a u ljeto 1949. imao je problema s plućima. Uputio se na liječnje u pulsku bolnicu, a zbog naredbe komunističkih vlasti nije advekvatno liječen, zbog čega je ubrzo preminuo.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Žrtve partizanskih progona katoličkih svećenika u Drugom svjetskom ratu i poraću
Životopisi, Pula

Vlatko Lakošeljac


Katie Brown (born 1963 in Petoskey, Michigan) is an American home and gardening television show host, author, and trained art historian.

Personal life
Brown grew up in a large family, having a brothers and 2 sisters, 32 cousins, and 14 aunts and uncles. She is the granddaughter of the late senator Prentiss M. Brown and the daughter of Paul Walker Brown who was a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan from 1971 until 1994, and ran unsuccessfully for lieutenant governor in 1974.One of her uncles is the late University of Iowa football coach Forest Evashevski. Another of her uncles is  Prentiss M. Brown, Jr., ran unsuccessfully for Congress several times, in 1952, 1956, 1958, and 1960, and was the city attorney for St. Ignace for 50 years

She was educated as an art historian at Cornell University. She also raced on the Central Division Junior Olympic USSA ski team and had a catering business in Los Angeles.

She opened an antique store and cafe called Goat, located in Los Angeles and Mackinac Island, Michigan. Brown has been serving up dime-store domesticity on Lifetime Television's Next Door with Katie Brown since October 1997 and on public television's Katie Brown Workshop. She has also had successful shows on A and E and Style networks. She has opened her own workshops in Los Angeles, New York, and Bridgehampton. Katie Brown was also the editor and chef of Yahoo Makers. She also designed a successful line of home goods ranging from garden goods to bath towels and tableware in collaboration with Meijer Stores.  She was a New York Times syndicated columnist and is a frequent guest star on national shows such as GMA, The Today Show, Live with Kelly and Ryan and Oprah. She is also the winner of a Gracie Allen Award for outstanding TV Host.

Brown has been married to TV executive and producer William Corbin since November 2003. They had their first child, a daughter named Prentiss, in May 2004. They adopted their second child, a daughter named Meredith, in November 2008.

Publishing
Brown also has published numerous books on the subjects of cooking, gardening, and decorating: Lipton Sides A Guide To Inspired Meals With Katie Brown, Katie Brown Decorates, Katie Brown Entertains, Katie Brown Weekends, Katie Brown Outdoors, and Katie Brown Celebrates. Her latest book is a spiritual memoir "Dare to See".

References

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-dec-02-cl-39506-story.html
https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/house-tours/a25910107/katie-brown-colorful-connecticut-house/http://katiebrown.com/usa-today/
https://www.guideposts.org/better-living/positive-living/my-perfectly-imperfect-thanksgiving-dinner

External links

American gardeners
Gardening television
1963 births
Living people
Cornell University alumni
People from Petoskey, Michigan

Katie Brown (TV personality)


تاكاشي هارا  (9 فبراير 1856 - 4 نوفمبر 1921) كان سياسيًّا يابانيًّا شغل منصب رئيس الوزراء بين 29 سبتمبر 1918 إلى 4 نوفمبر 1921.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 قانون حفظ السلام

سياسيون مغتالون عقد 1920
رؤساء وزراء مغتالون في اليابان
أشخاص توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
أشخاص في فترة مييجي
أشخاص قتلوا في طوكيو
أشخاص من موريوكا (إيواته)
إصلاح ميجي
جرائم 1921
جرائم قتل في اليابان عقد 1920
رومان كاثوليك يابانيون
رؤساء حكومات مغتالون
رؤساء وزراء اليابان
رؤساء وزراء اليابان القرن 20
ساموراي
سياسيون توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
سياسيون من محافظة إيواته
سياسيون يابانيون في القرن 20
سياسيون يابانيون مغتالون
ضحايا قتل ذكور
كتاب وكاتبات يابانيون
كتاب يوميات يابانيون
مواليد 1856
مواليد في موريوكا (إيواته)
وزراء حكومة اليابان
وفيات 1921
وفيات بالطعن في اليابان
وفيات في طوكيو
يابانيون في الحرب العالمية الأولى
جرائم 1921 في اليابان
جرائم قتل في آسيا 1921
جرائم قتل في اليابان 1921

تاكاشي هارا


محطة حيدر باشا للقطارات في إسطنبول،تركيا (تركية:Istanbul Haydarpaşa) هي المحطة الرئيسية لشركة سكك حديد لجمهورية التركية (TCDD) تقع في القسم الآسيوي من إسطنبول وقد تم إنشاؤها كمحطة رئيسية على خط سكك الحجاز في العام 1872م خلال الحقبة العثمانية. يم تسيير رحلات دولية ومحلية من المحطة.

مراجع

انحلالات سنة 2013 في تركيا
تأسيسات سنة 1872 في الدولة العثمانية
سكك حديدية عثمانية
محطات السكك الحديدية افتتحت في 1872
محطات السكك الحديدية افتتحت في 1908
محطات السكك الحديدية في محافظة إسطنبول
محطات خط حديد الحجاز
محطات سكك حديدية في تركيا
مواقع إغريقية في تركيا
مواقع تاريخية في تركيا
محطات السكك الحديدية أغلقت في 2013
محطات السكك الحديدية في تركيا افتتحت في القرن 20
محطات السكك الحديدية في تركيا افتتحت في القرن 19

محطة حيدر باشا


فلاديمير ماسلاتشينكو  (5 مارس 1936 - 28 نوفمبر 2010)، لاعب كرة قدم سوفيتي سابق. لعب مع منتخب الاتحاد السوفييتي لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سوفيت
حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من دنيبروبتروفسك أوبلاست
رياضيون من مقاطعة دنيبروبتروفسك
صحفيون رياضيون روس
صحفيون رياضيون سوفيت
لاعبو الدوري السوفيتي الممتاز لكرة القدم
لاعبو سبارتاك موسكو
لاعبو كأس العالم 1958
لاعبو كأس العالم 1962
لاعبو كأس أمم أوروبا 1960
لاعبو كرة قدم أوكرانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أوكرانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية روس
لاعبو كرة قدم روس
لاعبو كرة قدم سوفيت
لاعبو كرة قدم من دنيبروبتروفسك أوبلاست
لاعبو لوكوموتيف موسكو
لاعبو منتخب الاتحاد السوفيتي لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي دنيبرو دينبربتروفسك
لاعبون فائزون ببطولة أمم أوروبا
معلقو كرة القدم الروسية
ماسلاتشينكو
وفيات 2010

فلاديمير ماسلاتشينكو


A choc ice (British English) or ice cream bar (American English) is a frozen dessert generally consisting of a rectangular block of ice cream—typically vanilla flavour—which is thinly coated with chocolate. Related products may also include other fillings with the ice cream and be styled similar to candy bars. The term has also been used as a racial slur.

Description
A choc ice is a generic frozen dessert generally consisting of a rectangular block of ice cream—typically vanilla flavour—which is thinly coated with chocolate.

History

Ice cream enrobed in chocolate was invented in the 1920s. Confectioner Harry Burt invented the chocolate-enrobed ice cream on a stick in 1920, and was granted a patent in 1923. In 1921, the Eskimo Pie chocolate bar was invented in Iowa by a pharmacy owner named Chris Nelson, who was inspired by a boy named Douglas Ressenden who could not decide between candy and ice cream; a patent was awarded in 1922, but invalidated in 1928. The Klondike bar was also invented in 1922.

Brands
In many countries, there are numerous versions of this dessert which are produced under many different brand names.

A notable American brand is Klondike, which introduced its Klondike bar in the United States in 1922. Related products include frozen confections that enrobe fillings with the ice cream and appear similar to candy bars (e.g., Snickers ice cream bars).

Racial slur
The term choc ice has also become a racial slur used to describe any person who is figuratively "black on the outside, white on the inside".

References

Ice cream

cs:Nanuk
sk:Nanuk

Choc ice


Haegen Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Dithmarschen iline bağlı bölge. 2,86 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 54 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Gustav Detlefs-Bartels tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-hennstedt.de

Haegen


165067 Pauls este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
165067 Pauls este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Apache Point Observatory în cadrul programului Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,70 ua, o excentricitate de 0,22 și o înclinație de 12,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 165001-166000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2000
Centura de asteroizi

165067 Pauls


An Platystele tobarii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer. An Platystele tobarii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platystele, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platystele

Platystele tobarii


Mysidae is the largest family of crustaceans in the order Mysida, with over 1000 species in around 170 genera.

Characteristics
Members of the family Mysidae are distinguished from other mysids by the fact that the first pereopod (walking leg) has a well-developed exopod (outer branch), the carpopropodus of the endopod (inner branch) of the 3rd to 8th pereopods is divided into sub-segments and there are statocysts on the endopod of the uropods (posterior appendages). Female petalophthalmidans have two or three oostegites (flexible bristly flaps) forming the base of the marsupium or brood pouch under the thorax, apart from the subfamily Boreomysinae, which has seven pairs of oostegites.

Subfamilies and genera
The following subfamilies and genera are recognised:

Boreomysinae Holt & Tattersall, 1905
Neobirsteiniamysis Hendrickx et Tchindonova, 2020
Boreomysis G. O. Sars, 1869
Erythropinae Hansen, 1910
Aberomysis Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986
Amathimysis Brattegard, 1969
Amblyops G. O. Sars, 1872
Amblyopsoides O. S. Tattersall, 1955
Arachnomysis Chun, 1887
Atlanterythrops Nouvel & Lagardère, 1976
Australerythrops W. Tattersall, 1928
Caesaromysis Ortmann, 1893
Chunomysis Holt & Tattersall, 1905
Dactylamblyops Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Dactylerythrops Holt & Tattersall, 1905
Echinomysides Murano, 1977
Echinomysis Illig, 1905
Erythrops G. O. Sars, 1869
Euchaetomera G. O. Sars, 1883
Euchaetomeropsis W. Tattersall, 1909
Gibbamblyops Murano & Krygier, 1985
Gibberythrops Illig, 1930
Gymnerythrops Hansen, 1910
Heteroerythrops O. Tattersall, 1955
Holmesiella Ortmann, 1908
Hyperamblyops Birstein & Tchindonova, 1958
Hypererythrops Holt & Tattersall, 1905
Illigiella Murano, 1981
Indoerythrops Panampunnayil, 1998
Katerythrops Holt & Tattersall, 1905
Liuimysis Wang, 1998
Longithorax Illig, 1906
Marumomysis Murano, 1999
Meierythrops Murano, 1981
Metamblyops W. Tattersall, 1907
Meterythrops S. I. Smith, 1879
Michthyops Tattersall, 1911
Mysimenzies Bacescu, 1971
Nakazawaia Murano, 1981
Neoamblyops Fukuoka, 2009
Nipponerythrops Murano, 1977
Paramblyops Holt & Tattersall, 1905
Parapseudomma Nouvel & Lagardère, 1976
Parerythrops G. O. Sars, 1869
Pleurerythrops Ii, 1964
Pseudamblyops Ii, 1964
Pseuderythrops Coifmann, 1936
Pseudomma G. O. Sars, 1870
Pteromysis Ii, 1964
Scolamblyops Murano, 1974
Shenimysis Wang, 1998
Synerythrops Hansen, 1910
Teratamblyops Murano, 2001
Teraterythrops Ii, 1964
Thalassomysis W. Tattersall, 1939
Xenerythrops Ii, 1964
Gastrosaccinae Norman, 1892
Anchialina Norman & Scott, 1906
Archaeomysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Chlamydopleon Ortmann, 1893
Coifmanniella Heard & Price, 2006
Eurobowmaniella Murano, 1995
Gastrosaccus Norman, 1868
Haplostylus Kossmann, 1880
Iiella Bacescu, 1968
Paranchialina Hansen, 1910
Pseudanchialina Hansen, 1910
Heteromysinae Norman, 1892
Bermudamysis Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986
Burrimysis Jaume & Garcia, 1993
Deltamysis Bowman & Orsi, 1992
Heteromysis S. I. Smith, 1873
Heteromysoides Bacescu, 1968
Ischiomysis Wittmann, 2013
Mysidetes Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Mysifaun Wittmann, 1996
Platymysis Brattegard, 1980
Platyops Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986
Pseudomysidetes W. Tattersall, 1936
Retromysis Wittmann, 2004
Leptomysinae Hansen, 1910
Afromysis Zimmer, 1916
Americamysis Price, Heard & Stuck, 1994
Antichthomysis Fenton, 1991
Australomysis W. Tattersall, 1927
Bathymysis W. Tattersall, 1907
Brasilomysis Bacescu, 1968
Calyptomma W. Tattersall, 1909
Ceratodoxomysis Murano, 2003
Cubanomysis Bacescu, 1968
Dioptromysis Zimmer, 1915
Doxomysis Hansen, 1912
Harmelinella Ledoyer, 1989
Hyperiimysis Nouvel, 1966
Iimysis Nouvel, 1966
Leptomysis G. O. Sars, 1869
Megalopsis Panampunnayil, 1987
Metamysidopsis W. Tattersall, 1951
Mysideis G. O. Sars, 1869
Mysidopsis G. O. Sars, 1864
Neobathymysis Bravo & Murano, 1996
Neodoxomysis Murano, 1999
Notomysis Wittmann, 1986
Nouvelia Bacescu & Vasilescu, 1973
Paraleptomysis Liu & Wang, 1983
Prionomysis W. Tattersall, 1922
Proleptomysis Wittmann, 1985
Promysis Dana, 1850
Pseudomysis G. O. Sars, 1879
Pseudoxomysis Nouvel, 1973
Pyroleptomysis Wittmann, 1985
Rostromysis Panampunnayil, 1987
Tenagomysis Thomson, 1900
Mancomysinae Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986
Palaumysis Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986
Mysidellinae Czerniavsky, 1882
Mysidella G. O. Sars, 1872
Mysinae Haworth, 1825
Acanthomysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Alienacanthomysis Holmquist, 1981
Anisomysis Hansen, 1910
Antarctomysis Coutière, 1906
Antromysis Creaser, 1936
Arthromysis Colosi, 1924
Boreoacanthomysis Fukuoka & Murano, 2004
Carnegieomysis W. Tattersall, 1943
Caspiomysis G. O. Sars, 1907
Columbiaemysis Holmquist, 1982
Diamysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Disacanthomysis Holmquist, 1981
Exacanthomysis Holmquist, 1981
Gangemysis Derzhavin, 1924
Gironomysis Ortiz, García-Debrás & Pérez, 1997
Halemysis Bacescu & Udrescu, 1984
Hemiacanthomysis Fukuoka & Murano, 2002
Hemimysis G. O. Sars, 1869
Hippacanthomysis Murano & Chess, 1987
Holmesimysis Holmquist, 1979
Hyperacanthomysis Fukuoka & Murano, 2000
Hyperstilomysis Fukuoka, Bravo & Murano, 2005
Idiomysis W. Tattersall, 1922
Indomysis W. Tattersall, 1914
Inusitatomysis Ii, 1940
Javanisomysis Bacescu, 1992
Kainommatomysis W. Tattersall, 1927
Katamysis G. O. Sars, 1893
Keslerella Czerniavsky, 1882
Limnomysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Lycomysis Hansen, 1910
Macromysis White, 1847
Mesacanthomysis Nouvel, 1967
Mesopodopsis Czerniavsky, 1882
Mysidium Dana, 1852
Mysis Latreille, 1802
Nanomysis W. Tattersall, 1921
Neomysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Nipponomysis Takahashi & Murano, 1986
Notacanthomysis Fukuoka & Murano, 2000
Orientomysis Derzhavin, 1913
Pacifacanthomysis Holmquist, 1981
Paracanthomysis Ii, 1936
Paramesopodopsis Fenton, 1985
Paramysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Parapodopsis Czerniavsky, 1882
Parastilomysis Ii, 1936
Parvimysis Brattegard, 1969
Praunus Leach, 1814
Proneomysis W. Tattersall, 1933
Sarmysis Maissuradze & Popescu, 1987
Schistomysis Norman, 1892
Stilomysis Norman, 1894
Surinamysis Bowman, 1977
Taphromysis Banner, 1953
Tasmanomysis Fenton, 1985
Telacanthomysis Fukuoka & Murano, 2001
Troglomysis Stammer, 1933
Xenacanthomysis Holmquist, 1980
Rhopalophthalminae Hansen, 1910
Rhopalophthalmus Illig, 1906
Siriellinae Norman, 1892
Hemisiriella Hansen, 1910
Metasiriella Murano, 1986
Siriella Dana, 1850

See also

Heteromysis actiniae

References

External links

Mysida
Malacostraca families

Mysidae


Maxim Gunjia (d. 13 Mart 1976), henüz hiçbir ülke tarafından resmen tanınmamış olan Abhazya'nın defakto hükûmetinin dışişleri bakanıdır.

ABD'deki Gorlovka Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Yabancı Diller Eğitimi Bölümü'nden mezun olan Maxim Gunjia 1993'te patlak veren Abhaz-Gürcü savaşından sonra kendini gösteren Abhazya'nın dinamik ve yenilikçi yüzünü iyi temsil eden bir politikacı olarak tanınıyor. Abhaz-Gürcü anlaşmazlığını ortadan kaldırarak Abhazya'ya resmi tanınırlık ve bağımsızlık getirmek ise şu an hem Abhaz dış politikasının hem de Bakan Gunjia'nın birinci önceliği olarak görünmektedir.

Yaşayan insanlar

Maxim Gunjia


عقد 420 هو عقد امتد بين 1 يناير 420 و31 ديسمبر 429 بحسب التقويم الميلادي. سبقه عقد 410 ولحقه عقد 430.

أحداث

مواليد

 زينون (425)
 زو تشونغزي (429)

وفيات

 جيروم (420)
 مارتيانوس كابيلا (428)
 ثيودور المصيصي (428)
 يزدجرد بن سابور (421)
 أكاكيوس قديس آميدا (425)
 مريم المصرية (421)
 الملكة ماوية (425)
 هونوريوس (423)
 بونيفاس الأول (422)
 قسطنطينيوس الثالث (421)
 ماروثا الميافارقيني (422)

كتب

 موسوعة حضارة العالم (2002) لأحمد محمد عوف.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

 تصفح سنة بسنة عقد 420 ابتداءً من

عقد 420


ස්විට්සර්ලන්තය නිළ වශයෙන් ස්විස් රාජ්‍ය සන්ධානය, එක්සත් සමුහාණ්ඩුවේ ප්‍රාන්ත 26 කින් යුක්තය. එක්සත් අධිකාරියේ අසුන වන්නේ බර්න්ය. එය බටහිර යුරෝපයේ පිහිටි අතර, මායිම් වන්නේ උතුරින් ජර්මනිය, බටහිරින් ප්‍රංශය, දකුණින් ඉතාලිය හා ඔස්ට්‍රියාව, ලිච්ටෙන්ස්ටින් නැගෙනහිරටය. එහි ප්‍රදේශවන මධ්‍යම සානුව, ඇල්ෆ්ස් හා ජුරා භූගෝලාත්මකව ස්විට්සර්ලන්තය තුල බෙදී ඇත. එහි වර්ග ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කි. මී. 41,225 (වර්ග සැතපුම් 15,940) ක් වේ. එහි ජනගහනය වන මිලියන 7.8 සානුව ආශ්‍රිතව වෙසෙන අතර විශාලතම නගර මෙම සානුව ආශ්‍රිත වේ. ඒවා අතර ගෝලීය නගර හා ආර්ථික මධ්‍යස්ථාන වන සුරික් හා ජිනීවා අඩංගුය. ස්විට්සර්ලන්තය ලෝකයේ ධනවත්ම රටක් වන අතර එය ඒක පුද්ගල දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදනය වන දළ ජාතික නිෂ්පාදිතය (GDP) ඇ.ඩො. 67,384 කි. සුරික් හා ජිනිවා ජිවන මට්ටම අනුව ලෝකයේ 2 වන හා 3 වන ඉහළම අගය වාර්තා කරයි. ස්විස් රාජ්‍ය සන්ධානයට මධ්‍යස්ථ රාජ්‍යයක් ලෙස දිගු ඉතිහාසයක් ඇත. 1815 සිට එය අන්තර්ජාතික වශයෙන් යුදමය තත්වයකට නොගොස් ඇති අතර එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංගමයේ සාමාජිකත්වය ලැබු අවසාන රටවල්වලින් එකකි. ස්විට්සර්ලන්තය විදේශීය සංවිධාන බොහෝමයක් තිබෙන අතර ලෝක ආර්ථික සංසදය, අන්තර්ජාතික ඔලිම්පික් කමිටුව, රතු කුරුස සංවිධානය, ලෝක වෙළඳ සංගමය හා එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ 2 වන විශාලතම කාර්යාලය වේ. යුරෝපානු මට්ටමින් එය යුරෝපියානු නිදහස් වෙළඳ සංගමය නිර්මාතෘ වන අතර ශෙන්ගන් සම්මුතියේ කොටස්කරුවෙකි. එහි ජර්මන්, ප්‍රංශ හා ඉතාලි යන ප්‍රධාන භාෂා හා සංස්කෘතිකමය ප්‍රදේශ 3 කින් සමන්විත වේ. එබැවින් එය ස්වදේශීය හා භාෂාමය අවශ්‍යතාවයකින් යුත් රාජ්‍යයක් නොවන්නේය. ස්විස් රාජ්‍ය සන්ධානය ආරම්භය චාරිත්‍රානුකූලව 1291 වර්ෂයේ අගෝස්තු 01 දා දක්වා දිව යයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

සටහන්

යුරෝපා රටවල්

ස්විට්සර්ලන්තය


Abdel Halim Hafez () (arabă: عبد الحليم حافظ), născut Abdel Halim Ali Shabana (arabă: عبد الحليم علي شبانة), a fost un cântăreț și actor egiptean. În lumea arabă este cunoscut și ca el-ʿandalīb el-'asmar (العندليب الأسمر - "privighetoarea oacheșă").

Biografie
S-a născut în satul El-Halawat, în guvernoratul Sharqia, în Regatul Egiptului. A fost al patrulea fiu al lui Ali Ismail Shabanah. Mama sa a murit la trei zile după nașterea sa, iar tatăl său a murit după cinci ani. În timpul copilăriei a fost diagnosticat cu schistosomiază, boală de care a suferit toată viața și care a condus la moatea sa.

La vârsta adolescenței, Abdel Halim a început să studieze la Institutul de Muzică Arabă, ramură a Academiei de Arte din Cairo, pe care l-a absolvit în 1948 ca oboist. În anul 1951, după ce a cântat pentru o transmisiune radio ca înlocuitor al cântărețului Karem Mahmoud, Abdel Halim a fost remarcat de către Hafez Abdel Wahab, director al radioului egiptean. Din recunoștință pentru sprijinul acestuia a preluat numele de scenă "Hafez".

Inițial, stilul său inovator a fost primit cu ostilitate, dar odată cu schimbările politice au evoluat și gusturile publicului, astfel că Abdel Halim a dobândit faima odată cu un concert susținut la Cairo în ziua în care a fost proclamată Republica Egipt, 18 iunie 1953.

De-a lungul carierei sale, Abdel Halim a cântat peste 230 de piese și a jucat în 16 filme, printre care și Dalila (1956), primul film color egiptean. Deși tema predilectă a cântecelor sale este iubirea, Abdel Halim s-a remarcat și prin interpretarea unor piese patriotice, în conformitate cu idealurile naționaliste ale conducătorului egiptean Gamal Abdel Nasser, cu care artistul era prieten. În 1967, Abdel Halim a cântat la Royal Albert Hall piesa Massih (arabă: المسيح - "mesia"), care evoca suferințele lui Iisus în contextul înfrângerii Egiptului în Războiul de Șase Zile.

Majoritatea pieselor sale au versuri în araba egipteană - de exemplu, Sawwāḥ ("Călător"), Ahwāk ("Te ador") sau ʿAla ḥisb widād galbī ("După pofta inimii mele"). Câteva dintre piesele sale faimoase, însă, au versuri în araba clasică, precum Qāri'at al-fingān ("Cititoarea în cafea") și Risāla min taḥt al-mā''' ("Scrisoare de sub ape"), ambele fiind adaptări ale unor texte ale poetului sirian Nizar Qabbani.

Abdel Halim a murit la Londra, la spitalul King's College, unde urma tratamentul pentru schistosomiază. La funeraliile sale de la Cairo ar fi asistat între 100.000 și 2,55 milioane de oameni, un număr mai mare decât la oricare altă înmormântare din istoria lumii arabe, cu excepția înmormântărilor lui Gamal Abdel Nasser și Umm Kulthum.

 Moștenire
Faima lui Abdel Halim Hafez a rezistat trecerii timpului, astfel că piesele sale revoluționare au fost frecvent difuzate în preajma Revoluției Egiptene din 2011.

Începând cu anul 2007, piesa Khosara (arabă: خسارة) a făcut obiectul unui proces intentat de către urmașul lui Baligh Hamdy, compozitorul piesei, împotriva lui Jay-Z, care a refolosit ca sample în piesa sa Big Pimpin''' o porțiune din piesa egipteană.

Filmografie

Referințe

Legături externe

Abdel Halim Hafez


In analytical chemistry, Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer. Today, the titration is done with an automated Karl Fischer titrator.

Chemical principle
The elementary reaction responsible for water quantification in the Karl Fischer titration is oxidation of sulfur dioxide () with iodine:

This elementary reaction consumes exactly one molar equivalent of water vs. iodine. Iodine is added to the solution until it is present in excess, marking the end point of the titration, which can be detected by potentiometry. The reaction is run in an alcohol solution containing a base, which consumes the sulfur trioxide and hydroiodic acid produced.

Coulometric titration
The main compartment of the titration cell contains the anode solution plus the analyte. The anode solution consists of an alcohol (ROH), a base (B), sulfur dioxide () and KI. Typical alcohols that may be used include ethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, or methanol, sometimes referred to as Karl Fischer grade. A common base is imidazole.

The titration cell also consists of a smaller compartment with a cathode immersed in the anode solution of the main compartment. The two compartments are separated by an ion-permeable membrane.

The Pt anode generates  from the KI when current is provided through the electric circuit. The net reaction as shown below is oxidation of  by . One mole of  is consumed for each mole of . In other words, 2 moles of electrons are consumed per mole of water.

The end point is detected most commonly by a bipotentiometric titration method. A second pair of Pt electrodes is immersed in the anode solution. The detector circuit maintains a constant current between the two detector electrodes during titration. Prior to the equivalence point, the solution contains  but little . At the equivalence point, excess  appears and an abrupt voltage drop marks the end point. The amount of charge needed to generate I2 and reach the end point can then be used to calculate the amount of water in the original sample.

Volumetric titration
The volumetric titration is based on the same principles as the coulometric titration, except that the anode solution above now is used as the titrant solution. The titrant consists of an alcohol (ROH), base (B),  and a known concentration of . Pyridine has been used as the base in this case.

One mole of  is consumed for each mole of . The titration reaction proceeds as above, and the end point may be detected by a bipotentiometric method as described above.

Disadvantages and advantages

The popularity of the Karl Fischer titration (henceforth referred to as KF) is due in large part to several practical advantages that it holds over other methods of moisture determination, such as accuracy, speed and selectivity.

KF is selective for water, because the titration reaction itself consumes water. In contrast, measurement of mass loss on drying will detect the loss of any volatile substance. However, the strong redox chemistry () means that redox-active sample constituents may react with the reagents. For this reason, KF is unsuitable for solutions containing e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide.

KF has a high accuracy and precision, typically within 1% of available water, e.g. 3.00% appears as 2.97–3.03%. Although KF is a destructive analysis, the sample quantity is small and is typically limited by the accuracy of weighing. For example, in order to obtain an accuracy of 1% using a scale with the typical accuracy of 0.2 mg, the sample must contain 20 mg water, which is e.g. 200 mg for a sample with 10% water. For coulometers, the measuring range is from 1–5 ppm to about 5%. Volumetric KF readily measures samples up to 100%, but requires impractically large amounts of sample for analytes with less than 0.05% water. The KF response is linear. Therefore, single-point calibration using a calibrated 1% water standard is sufficient and no calibration curves are necessary.

Little sample preparation is needed: a liquid sample can usually be directly injected using a syringe. The analysis is typically complete within a minute. However, KF suffers from an error called drift, which is an apparent water input that can confuse the measurement. The glass walls of the vessel adsorb water, and if any water leaks into the cell, the slow release of water into the titration solution can continue for a long time. Therefore, before measurement, it is necessary to carefully dry the vessel and run a 10–30-minute "dry run" in order to calculate the rate of drift. The drift is then subtracted from the result.

KF is suitable for measuring liquids and, with special equipment, gases. The major disadvantage with solids is that the water has to be accessible and easily brought into methanol solution. Many common substances, especially foods such as chocolate, release water slowly and with difficulty, requiring additional efforts to reliably bring the total water content into contact with the Karl Fischer reagents. For example, a high-shear mixer may be installed to the cell in order to break the sample. KF has problems with compounds with strong binding to water, as in water of hydration, for example with lithium chloride, so KF is unsuitable for the special solvent LiCl/DMAc.

KF is suitable for automation. Generally, KF is conducted using a separate KF titrator, or for volumetric titration, a KF titration cell installed into a general-purpose titrator. There are also oven attachments that can be used for materials that have problems being analyzed normally in the cell. The important aspect about the oven attachment is that the material doesn't decompose into water when heated to release the water. The oven attachment also supports automation of samples.

Using volumetric titration with visual detection of a titration endpoint is also possible with coloured samples by UV/VIS spectrophotometric detection.

See also
Titration
Moisture analysis

Literature
Water determination by Karl Fischer Titration by Peter A. Bruttel, Regina Schlink,  Metrohm AG

References

External links
EMD Chemicals AQUASTAR Tech Notes

Titration
German inventions of the Nazi period

Karl Fischer titration


Le processus palatin du maxillaire (ou apophyse horizontale du maxillaire supérieur ou apophyse palatine du maxillaire) est une lame osseuse épaisse, aplatie de haut en bas et horizontale de l'os maxillaire. Il se détache de la face médiale du corps du maxillaire à l'union de son quart inférieur et de ses trois quarts supérieurs. Par articulation avec son équivalent controlatéral, il forme la partie antérieure du palais osseux séparant la cavité nasale de la cavité buccale.

Description
Il présente deux faces, une supérieure et une inférieure, et deux bords, un médial et un postérieur.

Face supérieure
La face supérieure forme le plancher de la cavité nasale.

Elle concave transversalement et présente une crête sur don bord médial : la crête nasale. Elle forme avec celle de l'os opposé un sillon qui s'articule avec le vomer.

La crête se prolonge vers l'avant dans un processus pointu, qui forme, avec un processus similaire de l'os opposé, l'épine nasale antérieure.

Face inférieure
La face inférieure forme le palais osseux.

Elle est perforée de nombreux foramens pour le passage des vaisseaux.

A la base du processus alvéolaire se trouve le sillon palatin postéro-antérieur pour le passage de l'artère palatine descendante et le nerf grand palatin.

Elle présente de petites dépressions recevant les glandes palatines.

Bord postérieur
Le bord postérieur s'articule avec la lame horizontale de l'os palatin.

Bord médial
Le bord médial s'articule avec celui de l'os opposé.

L'articulation forme une ouverture en forme d'entonnoir, le foramen incisif immédiatement derrière les incisives.

Dans cette ouverture les orifices de deux canaux latéraux sont visibles : les canaux incisifs qui donne passage à la branche terminale de l'artère palatine descendante et au nerf naso-palatin.

Variation
Parfois, deux canaux supplémentaires sont présents sur la ligne médiane et lorsqu'ils sont présents donnant passage aux nerfs naso-palatins, le gauche passant par le canal antérieur et le droit par le canal postérieur.

Anatomie comparée
Sur la surface inférieure du processus palatin, une suture linéaire délicate, bien visible dans les jeunes crânes, peut parfois être remarquée s'étendant latéralement et vers l'avant de chaque côté du foramen incisif à l'intervalle entre l'incisive latérale et la canine. La partie située devant cette suture forme un os indépendant chez la plupart des vertébrés : l'os prémaxillaire qui intègre toute l'épaisseur de l'alvéole, la partie correspondante du plancher du nez et l'épine nasale antérieure, et les alvéoles des incisives.

Galerie

Crâne

Processus palatin du maxillaire


Membakut ist eine Kleinstadt und ein Unterdistrikt im Westen des malaysischen Bundesstaats Sabah. Membakut liegt in der Interior Division, etwa 70 Kilometer südlich der Landeshauptstadt Kota Kinabalu. Verwaltungstechnisch gehört die Stadt zum Beaufort.

Namensherkunft
Der Name Membakut leitet sich von Bakut ab, was im lokalen bruneiischen Dialekt Fort bedeutet. Die Vorsilbe mem macht aus dem Substantiv ein Verb, so dass Membakut mit "eine Befestigungsanlage machen" übersetzt werden kann.

Demographie
Die Bevölkerung der Kleinstadt beträgt laut der letzten Volkszählung 516 Einwohner und setzt sich überwiegend aus bruneiischen Malaien, Kadazan-Dusun, Paitan, Javaner, Bisaya und Chinesen zusammen. Zu dem am 7. April 1977 gegründeten Sub-Distrikt Membakut gehören 38 Dörfer. Die Gesamtbevölkerung des Unterdistrikts beträgt nach Angaben der Kommunalverwaltung schätzungsweise 21.900 Einwohner, verteilt auf 138 km² Fläche.

Geschichte
Membakut war ein unabhängiges Territorium innerhalb des bruneiischen Jajahan-Systems. Es wurde 1879 offizielle Apanage (kuripan) von Wazir Pengiran Pemanca, der das Gebiet durch einen bruneiischen Adeligen, Pengiran Maharaja Lela verwalten ließ. Membakut wurde im Jahr 1900 von der North Borneo Chartered Company erworben und dem Staat Britisch-Nordborneo einverleibt.

Die Anfänge von Membakut gehen auf ein Dorf zurück, das etwa 5 Kilometer von der Küste entfernt in einem Gebiet mit der Bezeichnung Bua lag. Das heute als Kampung Brunei bekannte Dorf gehört zum Mukim Bandau (siehe unten). Die spätere Namensgebung des Dorfes und auch die Umbenennung des Gebiets und des Flusses nach "Membakut" erfolgte durch den einflussreichen Häuptling OKK Haji Saman bin Mohd Yaakub.

Die Entwicklung des heutigen historischen Zentrums folgte dem Bau der Eisenbahnlinie von Beaufort nach Jesselton Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. In den Jahren 1920 bis 1930 wurde eine erste Reihe von traditionellen, hölzernen Ladenhäusern erbaut, die sich zur Bahnlinie hin orientierten und Platz für den tamu, den wöchentlichen Markt boten. In den Jahren nach 1910 war bereits mit dem Bau der Pei Yin Primary School begonnen worden.

Historische Architektur

Membakut gehört zu den Städten entlang der Westküste, deren historische Bebauung in Teilen bis heute erhalten ist. Dazu gehören unter anderem
 die beiden westlich der Bahnlinie gelegenen Ladenhäuser und ein Werkstattkomplex aus der Zeit vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg,
 ein östlich der Bahnlinie gelegenes Ladenhaus aus den 1950er Jahren,
 die historische Pei Yin Primary School,
 das Blaue Haus, wahrscheinlich das ehemalige Wohnhaus eines Lehrers und
 ein Haus kolonialen Stils, das zu den ältesten Häusern der Westküste gehört (erbaut ca. 1913–1916).
Ein weiteres, östlich der Bahnlinie gelegenes shophouse fiel bereits im Frühjahr 2011 einem Brand zum Opfer.

Wirtschaft
Die Gegend um Membakut ist landwirtschaftlich geprägt. Die Mehrzahl der Bevölkerung ist im Reisanbau oder in der Kultivierung von Naturkautschukbäumen und Ölpalmen tätig oder verdient den Lebensunterhalt in der Fischerei.

Infrastruktur
Membakut ist mit einem Haltepunkt an die Eisenbahnstrecke Kota Kinabalu—Tenom der Sabah State Railway angebunden.

Politik
Membakut gehört zum Wahlbezirk P.176 (Kimanis) und wird im malaysischen Parlament durch YB Datuk Anifah Hj. Aman Ahli vertreten. In der gesetzgebenden Versammlung von Sabah (Dewan Undangan Negeri Sabah) ist der Sub-Distrikt durch YB Datuk Hj. Mohd. Arifin Mohd Arif Adun vom Wahlkreis Membakut N.24 vertreten.

Kommunalverwaltung

Pejabat Daerah Kecil Membakut
Die Kommunalverwaltung hat ihren Sitz im (mal.) Pejabat Daerah Kecil Membakut, was so viel wie "Büro des Unterdistrikts" bedeutet. Der Unterdistrikt wurde offiziell am 7. April 1977 geschaffen und residierte unter der Leitung des Assistant District Officer Ibrahim Hj. Ahmad zunächst in einem älteren Gebäude. Von 1978 bis 1979 wurde das heutige Amtsgebäude errichtet und am 28. Oktober 1979 durch den damaligen Ministerpräsidenten von Sabah Harris Salleh eingeweiht.

Aufteilung des Unterdistrikts
Der Unterdistrikt Membakut ist in drei Gemeindeverwaltungen (mukim) aufgeteilt:
 MUKIM I (Pimping / Binsulok) mit den Siedlungen (kampung) Pimping, Laut Pimping, Tengah Pimping, Ulu Pimping, Paya Pimping, Tambing Pimping, Batung, Pisang, Saga-Saga, Rumah Lama, Gala, Tukong, Belandas, Gan-dawari, Mandaya, Sijamban, Sitamu Kuning, Madang, Terusan, Binsulok, Laut Binsulok, Padang Binsulok, Ulu Binsulok, Seberang, Mantabawan und Likas.
 MUKIM II (Bandau) mit den Siedlungen (kampung) Bandau, Pamparingan, Biau, Laganggon, Budak, Bawan, Imbahaton, Kebuluan, Manggis, Sumbiling, Kabuh, Saliban, Bahab, Kulintangan, Tamalang, Kambuangon, Pinopok, Luba-Luba, Sungai Damit, Limbutong, Kumpat, Kilau, Dakutan, Laputong, Libubon, Kampuluan, Tandoi, Gana, Binubang, Kinanap, Tamoi, Limadang, Labak, Matunjong, Kayai, Dindong, Bangkawat, Jambo, Gapu, Takapan, Gassan, Brunei und Gangas.
 MUKIM III (Mawao) mit den Siedlungen (kampung) Tandian, Piasau, Dungau, Tahak, Bingkulas, Mandangin, Papas, Rancangan Mawao, Limpayau, Lampijas, Jambatan Baru, Mawao Laut, Layun, Mawao Ulu, Tiong Baru, Kiulu Baru, Lumat, Lintap, Mandaya, Lampun und Bungar.
 MUKIM IV (Bambangan) mit den Siedlungen (kampung) Baitam, Sinoko, Sindok, Bambangan, Lumantak, Lembah Poring, Poring Tengah, Paung Maragang, Angitan, Poring Maragang, Inantul, Bambangan Ulu, Pusak und Tamalang / Penopok.

Literatur
 K. G. Tregonning: A History Of Modern Sabah (North Borneo 1881–1963). 2. Ausgabe. University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur 1965, Reprint 1967.
 Owen Rutter: British North Borneo – An Account of its History, Ressources and Native Tribes. Constable & Company, London 1922; .
 W. H. Treacher: British Borneo – Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan and North Borneo. Government print department, Singapore 1891; .

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Distrikt Beaufort
Ort auf Borneo

Membakut


Başrollerini Natalia Oreiro ve Diego Ramos 'un paylaştığı basit bir tanışma ile başlayıp karmaşık olaylar zincirini işleyen  1997 yılında çekilmiş,200 bölümlük bir pembe dizi olan "Ricos y famosos",Türkiye'de 2002 yılında  "Aşk Meleği" adı ile yayınlandı. Dizide, birbirlerine deli gibi âşık olan ancak aileleri arasındaki düşmanlık yüzünden bir türlü mutluluğu yakalayamayan Diego ve Valeria adlı iki gencin büyüleyici ve dokunaklı hikâyeleri anlatılıyor

Konu

20 yaşında yakışıklı bir genç olan Diego, çok zengin ve güçlü bir ailenin mirasçısıdır. Valeria, 19 yaşında, saygın bir hukuk üniversitesi profesörünün kızıdır. İki genç ilk kez bir araba kazası sonucu karşılaşır, kazadan dolayı birbirlerini suçlar ve tartışırlar. Daha sonra bir daha karşılaşmamayı dileyerek ayrılırlar. Ancak bu mümkün olmayacaktır. Arkadaşının daveti üzerine bir doğumgünü partisine giden Valeria, Diego'yukarşısında görünce çok şaşırır. Bu Diegonun doğumgünü partisidir ve o gece iki genç birbirlerine aşık olurlar. Parti sırasında, bu yeni ve güçlü aşk duyguları filizlenirken, Diego;nun babası Luciano Salerno, oğlunun Sabrina ile nişanını ilan eder. Fakat Diego, Valeria'ya âşık olmuştur. Ve bu gece olanlar Diego ve Valeria;nın yaşayacakları büyük olaylar zincirinin yalnızca ilk halkasıdır.

Valeria;nın babası Alberto Garcia Mendez bir üniversitede profesördür. Dürüstlüğü ve çok namuslu biri olmasıyla tanınan Profesör Mendez;e, Diego;nun babası Luciano Salerno, bankalarından birinde müdürlük teklif eder. Ciddi maddi problemleri olan profesör bu teklifi kabul eder. Ancak bu olay onun bütün hayatını mahvedecektir. Salerno, büyük bir dolandırıcılık planlamaktadır. Müşterilerine ait olan tüm paraları yurtdışına transfer eder. Banka iflasa gider ve kapılarını kapar. Bankadaki görevi sırasında hiçbir şeyden habersiz birçok yazıya imza atan Mendez, Salermo Karayiplerde iken bankadaki olaylardan dolayı suçlanır ve hapse atılır. Dürüstlüğüyle tanınan Profesör suçlu ilan edilmiştir. İki aile artık birbirine düşmandır. Tüm bu olayların ortasında ise birbirlerine deli gibi âşık olan Valeria ve Diego kalmıştır.

Her şeyin düzeleceğini ümit eden Valeria ve Diego, Küba;da küçük güzel bir kasabada gizlice evlenirler. Fakat tüm çabalarına rağmen aşkları, kin ve kalpsizlikle karşı karşıya kalacaktır. Buna rağmen iki gençte birbirleri için sonuna kadar mücadele etmeye hazırdır.

Oyuncular

Başrol Oyuncuları

Diğer Oyuncular

Yayın Tarihi
Dizinin bazı ülkelerde yayına girdiği net tarihleri şöyledir;

Dizinin çekildiği bölgeler
 Buenos Aires, Federal District, Arjantin
 Martínez, Buenos Aires, Federal District, Arjantin

Soundtrack
 Victor Heredia - "Dos Almas"

Arjantin telenovelaları

Aşk Meleği


Killik, Samsun ilinin Alaçam ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahalle, 1920 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır. Killik; daha önceleri bir köy iken, 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Mahalle, Samsun il merkezine 85 km, Alaçam ilçe merkezine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Alaçam'ın mahalleleri

Killik, Alaçam


An Lepanthes chiangii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Salazar, Soto Arenas ngan O.Suárez. An Lepanthes chiangii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepanthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lepanthes

Lepanthes chiangii


التَّشَهُّد من الأركان التي لا تصح الصلاة في الإسلام إلا بها، ومن يتدبر كلمات التشهد يجد في نفسه الراحة والطمأنينة

التحيات
صيغة التشهد:

ويلي التشهد الصلاة الإبراهيمية ونصها:

الصيغة الصحيحة للتشهد الأخير في الصلاة

وردت عدة صيغ للتشهد ثابتة عن رسول الله منها:
ما أخرجه البخاري ومسلم وابن أبي شيبة عن ابن مسعود قال: علمني رسول الله التشهد، وكفي بين كفيه، كما يعلمني السورة من القرآن: التحيات لله والصلوات والطيبات، السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته، السلام علينا، وعلى عباد الله الصالحين.

- فإنه إذا قال ذلك أصاب كل عبد صالح في السماء والأرض - أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأشهد أن محمداً عبده ورسوله".

وهو بين ظهرانينا، فلما قبض قلنا السلام على النبي. انتهى.

وأخرج مسلم والنسائي عن ابن عباس قال: كان رسول الله يعلمنا التشهد كما يعلمنا السورة من القرآن، فكان يقول: التحيات المباركات الصلوات الطيبات لله، السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته، السلام علينا، وعلى عباد الله الصالحين، أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله.

وفي رواية عبده ورسوله. انتهى.

وأخرج أبو داود والدارقطني عن ابن عمر عن رسول الله أنه قال في التشهد: "التحيات لله والصلوات والطيبات، السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله. - قال ابن عمر: زدت فيها وبركاته - السلام علينا، وعلى عباد الله الصالحين، أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله - قال ابن عمر: وزدت فيها وحده لا شريك له - وأشهد أن محمداً عبده ورسوله.

وأخرج مسلم وأبو داود ومحمد بن ماجه عن أبي موسى الأشعري قال: قال رسول الله : .

وأخرج ابن أبي شيبة والبيهقي - والسياق له - عن القاسم بن محمد: كانت عائشة تعلمنا التشهد وتشير بيدها تقول: التحيات الطيبات الصلوات الزاكيات لله، السلام على النبي.. إلى آخر تشهد ابن مسعود.

.

مراجع

أدعية
الصلاة في الإسلام
مصطلحات الصلاة
مصطلحات عربية

التشهد


Flyr AS ( OSE: FLYR ) é uma companhia aérea de baixo custo norueguesa. Com sede em Oslo e base operacional no Aeroporto Gardermoen de Oslo, a companhia aérea opera voos domésticos e internacionais para destinos turísticos europeus. A Flyr foi fundada por Erik G. Braathen em 2020, ex-CEO da extinta companhia aérea norueguesa Braathens.

Ligações

Vôos domésticos
Em junho de 2021, a Flyr recebeu o Certificado de Operador Aéreo da Autoridade de Aviação Norueguesa. O primeiro voo de Oslo para Tromsø foi feito por um Boeing 737-800.

Vôos internacionais
A Flyr anunciou o comissionamento de uma rota Bruxelas - Oslo a partir de 6 de maio de 2022.

Frota

A frota da Flyr consiste nas seguintes aeronaves :

Empresas aéreas da Noruega
Empresas aéreas fundadas em 2020
Empresas aéreas extintas em 2023

Flyr


Kevin A. Sorenson  (born November 3, 1958) is a Canadian politician who represented the riding of Battle River-Crowfoot (known as Crowfoot from 2000 to 2015) in the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 to 2019, first as a member of the Canadian Alliance (2000–2003) and then as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada. He served as Minister of State for Finance under Prime Minister Stephen Harper from July 15, 2013 until the end of the Harper Government on November 4, 2015. He also served as the Opposition critic to the Solicitor General, the associate critic for Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, and the deputy critic for Justice.

Sorenson represented a riding that is very conservative even by the standards of rural Alberta; most of his territory has been held by a centre-right MP without interruption since 1935. He won the riding by some of the largest margins ever recorded in Canadian politics. He was first elected in 2000, taking 70.5 percent of the vote. It would be the only time that he dropped below 80 percent of the vote. In the 2006 federal election, he was re-elected with 82.5 per cent of the popular vote, the highest total recorded by a Conservative candidate in that election.

Sorenson used to chair the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security and the Standing Committee on Public Accounts.

References

External links

Kevin Sorenson official website

1958 births
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
Canadian Alliance MPs
Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Farmers from Alberta
Members of the 28th Canadian Ministry
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada

Kevin Sorenson


صاحب الجلالة هو لقب اتخذه الملك عبد العزيز في عام 1345هـ ملك المملكة العربية السعودية، وظل مستخدما مع من أتى بعده من الملوك حتى استبدل اللقب الملك فهد بن عبد العزيز، وقد يختصر لقب «صاحب الجلالة» أحيانا «جلالة الملك»، وقد اتخذه الملك عبد العزيز.

صاحب الجلالة
أطلق هذا اللقب على حكام المملكة حيث كان لقب الملك عبد العزيز السلطان وقد تم في مكة المكرمة تغيير اللقب إلى الملك عبد العزيز وهو أول من اتخذ هذا اللقب من حكام السعودية وتم نشر الخبر في جريدة البلاد، وعندما توفي الملك عبد العزيز في عام 1373هـ تمسك ابنه سعود بهذا اللقب وكان يسمى الملك سعود بن عبد العزيز أو أبو فهد في بعض الأحيان وفي المذياع أو الراديو والجرائد يستخدم لقب الملك أو صاحب الجلالة، وعندما عزل الملك سعود عن الحكم في عام 1384هـ وفي عهد الملك فيصل أصبح التلفزيون عند الأخبار يقول: صاحب الجلالة الملك فيصل بن عبد العزيز واستمر ذلك حتى اغتياله في عام 1395هـ وفي عهد الملك خالد بن عبد العزيز أصبح غالبا يلقب بخالد الخير وكان يلقب قليلا بالملك خالد أو صاحب الجلالة الملك خالد وبقي الوضع هكذا حتى وفاته في عام 1402هـ. وفي عهد الملك فهد بن عبد العزيز كان يلقب من عام 1402هـ إلى عام 1407هـ بصاحب الجلالة وفي تاريخ 27/2/1407هـ ألقى الملك فهد خطابه في تلفزيون المدينة المنورة وطلب تغيير لقب صاحب الجلالة إلى لقب خادم الحرمين الشريفين.

انظر أيضاً
 خادم الحرمين الشريفين
 ألقاب الحكام في الخليج العربي

مراجع

ألقاب حاكمية
ألقاب سعودية
ألقاب ملكية

صاحب الجلالة (السعودية)


Take It On Faith je treći studijski album sastava The Rossington Band.

Popis pjesama
 "Highway of Love" - 4:07
 "I Should've Known" - 3:23
 "Take It On Faith" - 4:51
 "Light A Candle" - 3:04
 "Dance While You're Cookin'" - 4:35
 "Shame On Me" - 4:18
 "Good Side of Good" - 3:53
 "Through My Eyes" - 5:21
 "Something Fishy" - 4:44
 "Too Many Rainy Days" - 6:40
 "Where Did Love Go" - 3:50
 "Two Very Different Things" - 4:18

Izvođači
 Gary Rossington - gitara
 Dale Rossington - vokal
 Jack Holder - gitara
 Richie Hayward - bubnjevi
 Bruce McCabe - glasovir, klavijature
 Delbert McClinton - usna harmonika
 Gary Nicholson - gitara
 David Smith - bas-gitara
 Reese Winans - orgulje
 Kenny Greenburg - dodatne snimke gitare
 Michael Rojas - glasovir
 Gordon Mote - glasovir
 Shawn Camp - dobro gitara
 Bekka Bramlett i Vicki Hampton - dodatni vokali

Izvori

Američki glazbeni albumi
Albumi iz 2016.

Take It On Faith


Vanderlei Fernandes Silva (born 14 July 1975), known as Derlei, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker.

He spent most of his 16-year professional career in Portugal (one full decade), having represented all three most important clubs in the country and amassing Primeira Liga totals of 187 matches and 70 goals. He also played two seasons with Dynamo Moscow in the Russian Premier League.

With Porto, Derlei won eight major titles including two leagues, one Champions League and one UEFA Cup.

Club career

Early career
Born in São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Derlei began playing in the lower levels of Brazilian football, but joined Portugal's U.D. Leiria in 1999, going on to appear in 92 competitive games for the club. In his last season, as they overachieved for a final seventh place in the Primeira Liga led by young manager José Mourinho, he scored 21 goals.

Porto and Dynamo
Derlei signed with FC Porto in the summer of 2002, playing an important part in a successful squad that was also managed by Mourinho, and being nicknamed "Ninja" while playing for the northern side. In his second game on 2 September, a 1–0 local derby victory at Boavista FC, he was sent off for fighting with his compatriot and former Leiria teammate, Éder Gaúcho; he was suspended for two games and his opponent for one. He was the top scorer of the 2002–03 UEFA Cup with 12 goals in 13 games; this tally included two in the 3–2 final win  against Celtic to overtake opponent Henrik Larsson, as well as braces in the preceding rounds against Panathinaikos F.C. and S.S. Lazio.

In the 2003–04 Primeira Liga, Derlei was leading the domestic goalscoring chart, including a hat-trick on 5 October in a 4–1 home win over Académica de Coimbra, but suffered a right knee anterior cruciate ligament injury against F.C. Alverca on 22 December, initially being ruled out for the rest of the season by the club's doctor. He recovered to face the same team on 25 April, and on 5 May he scored a penalty for the only goal of the UEFA Champions League semi-final away to Deportivo de La Coruña, as his team eventually lifted the title.

In January 2005, after disciplinary problems related to his lateness in arriving from the winter break, Derlei was sold to FC Dynamo Moscow for €7 million.  After two years in Russian football where he was always one of the top five scorers, he moved to S.L. Benfica on loan in January 2007. He played his first league match for the latter on 2 February, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 0–0 home draw with Boavista; his only goal in 16 appearances opened a 2–0 win over Académica on the final day of the season at the Estádio da Luz.

Sporting
Derlei left for Lisbon rivals Sporting CP in late June 2007, signing a one-year deal with the option for another after being freed from his two-year contract with Dynamo Moscow – he was, therefore, one of the few players to have represented the Big Three of Portugal. He spent most of 2007–08 on the sidelines, with another serious knee injury.

Derlei made a comeback to competition when, on 16 April 2008, he entered the field for Leandro Romagnoli in the 61st minute during the semi-final of the Taça de Portugal against Benfica, scoring only 18 minutes later to make it 3–2 to Sporting, in a match which eventually ended with a 5–3 win as the team went on to win the tournament against another former acquaintance of the player, Porto.

In his second season, Derlei fought with Hélder Postiga for a chance to play alongside Liédson, and scored some goals including an important one in a 1–0 home victory over FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the Champions League, which sealed Sporting's group stage qualification on 4 November 2008. At the end of the campaign, he declined the club's offer for a contract extension on the grounds the compensation was insufficient, thus being made a free agent.

Return to Brazil
On 27 August 2009, 34-year-old Derlei joined Vitória on a one-year deal. He made his competitive debut on 13 September in a match against Campeonato Brasileiro Série A leaders Palmeiras; having taken the pitch in the second half, he scored the 3–2 winner;

Derlei transferred to modest Madureira shortly after, returning to a team he had represented more than one decade prior.

International career
After winning the UEFA Cup with Porto in 2003, Derlei was called up to represent Brazil at the year's FIFA Confederations Cup, which several of the team's regulars had declined. He turned down the offer as it required for him to sign up to a company.

Derlei then began the process of acquiring Portuguese nationality in the aim of representing their national side on home soil at UEFA Euro 2004, but injury allowed his former clubmate Postiga to cement a place instead. His citizenship was confirmed that August, after the tournament, but he was never called up.

Club statistics

Honours
América-RN
Campeonato Potiguar: 1996

Porto
Primeira Liga: 2002–03, 2003–04
Taça de Portugal: 2002–03
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2003, 2004
UEFA Champions League: 2003–04
UEFA Cup: 2002–03
Intercontinental Cup: 2004

Sporting
Taça de Portugal: 2007–08
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2007, 2008
Taça da Liga runner-up: 2007–08, 2008–09
Individual
UEFA Cup Top Scorer: 2002–03
SJPF Player of the Month: October 2004

References

External links

PortuGOAL profile

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from São Bernardo do Campo
Naturalised citizens of Portugal
Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
América Futebol Clube (RN) players
Guarani FC players
Madureira Esporte Clube players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Primeira Liga players
U.D. Leiria players
FC Porto players
UEFA Cup winning players
S.L. Benfica footballers
Sporting CP footballers
Russian Premier League players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Russia

Derlei


Aserbajdsjans deltog med 11 atleter i 3 sportsgrene ved Sommer-PL 2004 i Athen, Grækenland fra 29 august - 9 september 2012.

Medaljevindere

Referencer

2004
Lande ved sommer-PL 2004

Aserbajdsjan ved sommer-PL 2004


Campionatul Mondial de Handbal Feminin pentru Junioare din 2020 ar fi trebuit să reprezinte cea de-a VIII-a ediție a Campionatului Mondial de Handbal Feminin pentru Junioare și a fost inițial programată a se desfășura în China. Pe 7 februarie 2020, Federația Internațională de Handbal a anunțat că, în urma gravei epidemii de coronavirus din China, competiția va fi mutată în altă țară.

Pe 28 februarie, la finalul consiliului IHF desfășurat la Cairo, în Egipt, Federația Internațională de Handbal a anunțat că ediția din 2020 a competiției se va desfășura în Croația. Pe 24 aprilie 2020, Federația Internațională de Handbal a anunțat că turneul, programat a avea loc între 18 și 30 august 2020, a fost reprogramat în perioada 29 septembrie - 11 octombrie 2020.

Pe 19 februarie 2021, în cadrul întrunirii virtuale a Comitetului Executiv al Federației Internaționale de Handbal, s-a decis ca ediția din 2020 a Campionatului Mondial de Handbal Feminin pentru Junioare (U18) să fie anulată.

Turnee de calificare

Echipe calificate

1 Bold indică echipa campioană din acel an.
2 Italic indică echipa gazdă din acel an.

Referințe

Legături externe

2020 în handbal
2020 în Croația
2020
Competiții internaționale de handbal găzduite de Croația
Campionate mondiale în Croația


Cladocephalus, rod zelenih algi iz porodice Dichotomosiphonaceae. Tri su priznate vrste u tropskim vodama zapadnog Atlantika i Indijskog oceana.

Uobičajene su po lagunama mangrova i drugim plićacima.

Vrste
 Cladocephalus excentricus A.Gepp & E.Gepp
 Cladocephalus luteofuscus (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Børgesen
 Cladocephalus scoparius M.Howe

Izvori

Dichotomosiphonaceae

Cladocephalus


In music, function (also referred to as harmonic function) is a term used to denote the relationship of a chord or a scale degree to a tonal centre. Two main theories of tonal functions exist today:

 The German theory created by Hugo Riemann in his Vereinfachte Harmonielehre of 1893, which soon became an international success (English and Russian translations in 1896, French translation in 1899), and which is the theory of functions properly speaking. Riemann described three abstract tonal "functions", tonic, dominant and subdominant, denoted by the letters T, D and S respectively, each of which could take on a more or less modified appearance in any chord of the scale. This theory, in several revised forms, remains much in use for the pedagogy of harmony and analysis in German-speaking countries and in North- and East-European countries.
 The Viennese theory, characterized by the use of Roman numerals to denote the chords of the tonal scale, as developed by Simon Sechter, Arnold Schoenberg, Heinrich Schenker and others, practiced today in Western Europe and the United States. This theory in origin was not explicitly about tonal functions. It considers the relation of the chords to their tonic in the context of harmonic progressions, often following the cycle of fifths. That this actually describes what could be termed the "function" of the chords becomes quite evident in Schoenberg's Structural Functions of Harmony of 1954, a short treatise dealing mainly with harmonic progressions in the context of a general "monotonality".

Both theories find part of their inspiration in the theories of Jean-Philippe Rameau, starting with his Traité d'harmonie of 1722. Even if the concept of harmonic function was not so named before 1893, it could be shown to exist, explicitly or implicitly, in many theories of harmony before that date. Early usages of the term in music (not necessarily in the sense implied here, or only vaguely so) include those by Fétis (Traité complet de la théorie et de la pratique de l'harmonie, 1844), Durutte (Esthétique musicale, 1855), Loquin (Notions élémentaires d'harmonie moderne, 1862), etc.

The idea of function has been extended further and is sometimes used to translate Antique concepts, such as dynamis in Ancient Greece, or qualitas in medieval Latin.

Origins of the concept
The concept of harmonic function originates in theories about just intonation. It was realized that three perfect major triads, distant from each other by a perfect fifth, produced the seven degrees of the major scale in one of the possible forms of just intonation: for instance, the triads F–A–C, C–E–G and G–B–D (subdominant, tonic, and dominant respectively) produce the seven notes of the major scale. These three triads were soon considered the most important chords of the major tonality, with the tonic in the center, the dominant above and the subdominant under.

This symmetric construction may have been one of the reasons why the fourth degree of the scale, and the chord built on it, were named "subdominant", i.e. the "dominant under [the tonic]". It also is one of the origins of the dualist theories which described not only the scale in just intonation as a symmetric construction, but also the minor tonality as an inversion of the major one. Dualist theories are documented from the 16th century onwards.

German functional theory
The term 'functional harmony' derives from Hugo Riemann and, more particularly, from his Harmony Simplified. Riemann's direct inspiration was Moritz Hauptmann's dialectic description of tonality. Riemann described three abstract functions: the tonic, the dominant (its upper fifth), and the subdominant (its lower fifth). He also considered the minor scale to be the inversion of the major scale, so that the dominant was the fifth above the tonic in major, but below the tonic in minor; the subdominant, similarly, was the fifth below the tonic (or the fourth above) in major, and the reverse in minor.

Despite the complexity of his theory, Riemann's ideas had huge impact, especially where German influence was strong. A good example in this regard are the textbooks by Hermann Grabner. More recent German theorists have abandoned the most complex aspect of Riemann's theory, the dualist conception of major and minor, and consider that the dominant is the fifth degree above the tonic, the subdominant the fourth degree, both in minor and in major.

In Diether de la Motte's version of the theory, the three tonal functions are denoted by the letters T, D and S, for Tonic, Dominant and Subdominant respectively; the letters are uppercase for functions in major (T, D, S), lowercase for functions in minor (t, d, s). Each of these functions can in principle be fulfilled by three chords: not only the main chord corresponding to the function, but also the chords a third lower or a third higher, as indicated by additional letters. An additional letter P or p indicates that the function is fulfilled by the relative (German Parallel) of its main triad: for instance Tp for the minor relative of the major tonic (e.g., A minor for C major), tP for the major relative of the minor tonic (e.g. E major for c minor), etc. The other triad a third apart from the main one may be denoted by an additional G or g for Gegenparallelklang or Gegenklang ("counterrelative"), for instance tG for the major counterrelative of the minor tonic (e.g. A major for C minor).

The relation between triads a third apart resides in the fact that they differ from each other by one note only, the two other notes being common notes. In addition, within the diatonic scale, triads a third apart necessarily are of opposite mode. In the simplified theory where the functions in major and minor are on the same degrees of the scale, the possible functions of triads on degrees I to VII of the scale could be summarized as in the table below (degrees II in minor and VII in major, diminished fifths in the diatonic scale, are considered as chords without fundamental). Chords on III and VI may exert the same function as those a third above or a third below, but one of these two is less frequent than the other, as indicated by parentheses in the table.

In each case, the mode of the chord is denoted by the final letter: for instance, Sp for II in major indicates that II is the minor relative (p) of the major subdominant (S). The major VIth degree in minor is the only one where both functions, sP (major relative of the minor subdominant) and tG (major counterparallel of the minor tonic), are equally plausible. Other signs (not discussed here) are used to denote altered chords, chords without fundamental, applied dominants, etc. Degree VII in harmonic sequence (e.g. I–IV–VII–III–VI–II–V–I) may at times be denoted by its roman numeral; in major, the sequence would then be denoted by T–S–VII–Dp–Tp–Sp–D–T.

As summarized by Vincent d'Indy (1903), who shared the conception of Riemann:

There is only one chord, a perfect chord; it alone is consonant because it alone generates a feeling of repose and balance;
this chord has two different forms, major and minor, depending whether the chord is composed of a minor third over a major third, or a major third over a minor;
this chord is able to take on three different tonal functions, tonic, dominant, or subdominant.

Viennese theory of the degrees

The Viennese theory on the other hand, the "Theory of the degrees" (Stufentheorie), represented by Simon Sechter, Heinrich Schenker and Arnold Schoenberg among others, considers that each degree has its own function and refers to the tonal center through the cycle of fifths; it stresses harmonic progressions above chord quality. In music theory as it is commonly taught in the US, there are six or seven different functions, depending on whether degree VII is considered to possess an independent function.

Comparison of the terminologies
The table below compares the English and German terminologies for the major scale. In English, the names of the scale degrees are also the names of their function, and they remain the same in major and in minor.

Note that ii, iii, and vi are lowercase: this indicates that they are minor chords; vii° indicates that this chord is a diminished triad.

Reviewing usage of harmonic theory in American publications, William Caplin writes:

Caplin further explains that there are two main types of pre-dominant harmonies, "those built above the fourth degree of the scale () in the bass voice and those derived from the dominant of the dominant (V/V)" (p. 10). The first type includes IV, II6 or II6, but also other positions of these, such as IV6 or II. The second type groups harmonies which feature the raised-fourth scale degree () functioning as the leading tone of the dominant: VII7/V, V6V, or the three varieties of augmented sixth chords.

See also
Common practice period
Constant structure
Diatonic and chromatic
Nondominant seventh chord
Secondary dominant
Subsidiary chord
Roman numeral analysis

References

Further reading
Imig, Renate (1970). System der Funktionsbezeichnung in den Harmonielehren seit Hugo Riemann. Düsseldorf: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der systematischen Musikwissenschaft. [German]
Rehding, Alexander: Hugo Riemann and the Birth of Modern Musical Thought (New Perspectives in Music History and Criticism). Cambridge University Press (2003). .
Riemann, Hugo: Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde (1893). ASIN: B0017UOATO.
Schoenberg, Arnold: Structural Functions of Harmony. W.W.Norton & Co. (1954, 1969) , .

External links
 Unlocking the Mysteries of Diatonic Harmony www.artofcomposing.com
 Example of Music theory course description from Juilliard: "Principles of harmony" (Archive from 24 November 2010, accessed 28 May 2013).

Function (music)


2,5-dimetoksifeniletanamin i srodni spojevi, vrste psihotropnih tvari. Uvršteni su u Hrvatskoj na temelju Zakona o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga na Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, pod Popis droga i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga, pod 2. Popis psihotropnih tvari i biljaka, Odjeljak 1 - Psihotropne tvari sukladno Popisu 1. Konvencije UN-a o psihotropnim tvarima iz 1971. godine. Kemijskim sastavom to je 2-(2,5-dimetoksifenil)etanamin i spojevi strukturno izvedeni iz 2-(2,5-dimetoksifenil)etanamina supstitucijom na benzenskom prstenu s jednim ili više supstituenata iz skupine koju čine alkil, halogenalkil, alkiloksi, halogenalkiloksi, alkiltio, halogenalkiltio, halogen i nitro, bez obzira na to jesu ili nisu dodatno modificirani na jedan ili više od sljedećih načina:
 zamjenom jednog ili više vodikovih atoma etilenske skupine s jednom ili više alkilnih skupina;
 zamjenom jednog ili oba vodikova atoma amino-skupine alkilnom, halogenalkilnom, hidroksilnom, hidroksialkilnom, benzilnom ili supstituiranom benzilnom skupinom.

Izvori

Psihotropne tvari

2,5-dimetoksifeniletanamin


ශ්‍රී අභිනවාරාම නැණසල නැණසල, ඊ ශී‍්‍ර ලංකා ව්‍යාපෘතිය යටතේ පිහිටවූ නැණසලකි. මෙම ව්‍යාපෘතිය තෝරාගත් දිස්ති‍්‍රක්කවල තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය සහ සංනිවේදන අවශ්‍යතාවයන් සපිරිම සදහා අවශ්‍ය යටිතල පහසුකම් නැණසල මධ්‍යස්ථාන පිහිටුවිම මඟින් සැපයිමට බලාපොරොත්තු වේ.

 2006. මාර්තු මස 06 වන දින නව නැණසල මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ආරම්භ කරන ලදි.නැණසල ව්‍යාපෘතිය මගින් දිවයිනේ දුෂ්කර ප‍්‍රදේශ වල දු දරුවන්ගේ හා සාමාන්‍ය මහජනතාවගේ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණික දැනුම වර්ධනය කරවීම සදහා ප්‍රාදේශීය සභා, ප‍්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කාර්යාල ආවරණය වන පරිදි ලක්ෂ 05ක උපරිම වටිනාකමක් දක්වා පරිගණක මධ්‍යස්ථාන ලබා දීමේ වැඩසටහන යටතේ කුරුණෑගල ප‍්‍රාදේශීය සභාව මගින් කුරුණෑගල අභිනවාරාම විහාරස්ථානයට තාක්ෂණික සම්පත් වලින් යුත් පරිගණක මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ලබා දී ඇත.

ආරම්භය - 2006-03-06
ස්ථානය - ශ්‍රී අභිනවාරාමය , අස්වැද්දුම , කුරුණෑගල

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කුරුණෑගල ශ්‍රී අභිනවාරාම නැණසල


Științifico-fantasticul în Austria este parte a științifico-fantasticului de limbă germană și are o istorie lungă și variată. Mulți autori austrieci au trăit și au fost publicați în Germania (vedeți și Științifico-fantasticul în Germania).

Istorie
În timp ce fostul Imperiu Austro-Ungar (1867-1918) a produs mulți scriitori importanți de literatură fantastică (în special Gustav Meyrink, Fritz Herzmanovsky-Orlando și Leo Perutz), contribuția sa la literatura științifico-fantastică a fost destul de modestă.

Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) a scris o utopie care a devenit adevărată: Der Judenstaat (Statul evreilor), la fel și Altneuland (Țara veche - nouă)..

O utopie cu un caracter socio-politic parohial este Osterreich im Jahre 2020 (Austria în anul 2020 (1893) scrisă de Josef Neupauer.

Utopiile economistului Theodor Hertzka (1845-1924) Freiland (1890) și continuarea ei Eine Reise nach Freiland (1893) au avut succes la nivel internațional, în timp ce utopiile primei femei câștigătoare (în 1905) a Premiului Nobel pentru Pace, Bertha von Suttner, cum ar fi Der Menschheit Hochgedanken (1911), au avut puțin succes.

Sub pseudonimul Ludwig Hevesi, scriitorul maghiaro-austriac Ludwig Hirsch (1843-1910) a scris MacEck's sonderbare Reise zwischen Konstantinopel und San Francisco (1901), precum și schițe pline de umor despre aventurile lui Jules Verne în cer și în iad în colecția sa Die fünfte Dimension (Cea de-a cincea dimensiune, 1906). În Im Reiche der Homunkuliden (1910), Rudolf Hawel (1860-1923), un alt umorist, profesorul Voraus se trezește în anul 3907, unde întâlnește lumea roboților asexuați.

O poveste curioasă despre războiul viitorului este Unser letzter Kampf, publicată anonim în 1907 și prezentată ca "moștenirea unui vechi soldat imperial", care descrie modul în care imperiul austro-ungar pierde într-o luptă eroică împotriva sârbilor, italienilor și rușilor.

Apar teme științifico-fantastice sporadic printre scrierile lui Karl Hans Strobl (1877-1946) și Gustav Meyrink.  Romanul lui Strobl Eleagabal Kuperus (1910) este o viziune apocaliptică a unei lupte între principiile binelui și răului care implică o încercare științifico-fantastică a răufăcătorilor de a lăsa umanitatea fără oxigen. Gespenster im Sumpf (Fantome în mlaștină, 1920) este o relatare naționalistă, antisocialistă și antisemită a apocalipsei din Viena și este cu siguranță mai aproape de științifico-fantastic decât romanul Die andere Seite (Cealaltă parte) (1909) al marelui ilustrator Alfred Kubin (1877 - 1959).

În acest moment încep să apară lucrări importante la marginea științifico-fantasticului. În fruntea literaturii mondiale se află parabolele metafizice ale lui Franz Kafka, unul dintre un grup de scriitori evrei din Praga, de limbă germană, grup care îi includea și pe scriitorul cehul Max Brod (1884 - 1968), matematicianul austriac Leo Perutz (1882 - 1957) și Franz Werfel.

Franz Werfel a scris în exilul său din Statele Unite ale Americii romanul Stern der Ungeborenen (Steaua celui nenăscut), prima dată publicat în 1946. Este ultima lucrare scrisă de Werfel și a fost publicată la un an după moartea autorului. În această carte Werfel descrie călătoria în timp a protagonistului F.W., în viitor, considerată a fi influențată de Divina Comedie a lui Dante Alighieri. F.W. ajunge în viitorul îndepărtat, peste aproximativ 100.000 de ani. El petrece trei zile în această lume futuristă, o utopie în care nu mai există nici boală, lăcomie, invidie, nici muncă sau naționalitate. Cartea a fost împărțită în aceste trei zile, conținutul ultimei zile fiind mai mult filozofic. În capitolul al nouălea, Werfel descrie situația Germaniei între al Doilea și al Treilea Război Mondial.

Textele lui Kafka combină o luciditate totală a prozei cu un sentiment de impenetrabilitate la fel de totală a lumii în ansamblu, de obicei văzută ca având un caracter totalitar-birocratic, ca în Der Prozess (1925, Procesul). Povestea sa In der Strafkolonie (1919 În colonia penală) ar putea fi considerată o anticipare a lagărelor de concentrare naziste. Este remarcabil și scriitorul expresionist Robert Müller (1887-1924), cu romanul său futurist Camera Obscura (1921) care are loc la mijlocul secolului al XX-lea într-o lume care este grupată într-o confederație imperială. Două dintre romanele fantastice ale marelui scriitor Leo Perutz ar putea fi considerate ca fiind psihedelice, cu o calitate halucinantă: Der Meister des Jüngsten Tages (1923; Stăpânul Zilei Judecății 1930) și St Petri Schnee (1933; Semnul Fecioarei). Ambele romane includ droguri care modifică conștiința.

După cel de-al doilea război mondial, astronomul Erich Dolezal (1902-1990) a scris o serie de povestiri (Martin Weltley) despre rachete, povestiri care erau plictisitoare, dar riguroase din punct de vedere științific și didactice. Prima povestire a fost RS 11 schweigt (RS 11 nu răspunde, 1953). Au urmat Mond in Flammen (1954) și Unternehmen Mars (1955). Oarecum mai bune sunt două cărți ale chimistului Friedrich Hecht (1903-1980), care combină călătoria spațială cu descoperirea Atlantidei și a unei civilizații de pe o planetă explodată între Marte și Jupiter: Das Reich im Mond (Imperiul din Lună, 1951) și continuarea sa Im Banne des Alpha Centauri (1955).

Winfried Bruckner (1937 - 2003) a publicat cărți științifico-fantastice pentru tineret, ca anti-utopia Tötet ihn (1967) și seriile de scurtă durată Der U-Boot-Pirat (1951-1952), Yuma (1951), Star Utopia (1958) și Uranus (1958).

În 1963, scriitoarea Marlen Haushofer (1920 - 1970) a scris cel mai important roman al său, distopia Die Wand. Personajul principal al romanului este o femeie de 40 de ani, al cărei nume nu este specificat. Ea încearcă să supraviețuiască unui cataclism: în timpul vacanței într-o cabană de vânătoare din munții austrieci, a apărut un zid transparent care o închide față de restul lumii; toată viața din afara zidului pare să fi murit, eventual într-un eveniment nuclear. Cu un câine, o vacă și o pisică ca singurele sale însoțitoare, ea se străduiește să supraviețuiască și să se împace cu situația. Confruntându-se cu teama și singurătatea, ea descrie prin ce trece fără să știe dacă cineva va citi sau nu vreodată scrierea sa. Filmul a fost ecranizat în 2012.

În 1966, Otto Basil a publicat romanul Wenn das der Führer wüsste (tradus în engleză ca The Twilight Men), o satiră despre cel de-al Treilea Reich, în care arată nebunia național-socialismului. Bomba atomică nu a căzut la Hiroshima, ci la Londra și naziștii au câștigat războiul. Imperiul nazist include Europa, de asemenea, Africa și SUA. Lumea este împărțită în est și vest. Vestul, adică Reich-ul german, cu vasalii și teritoriile cucerite în America. Estul este dominat de Imperiul Japonez. Reich-ul german victorios triumfător își realizează aberațiile ideologice nebunești pe termen lung. Imperiul se distruge într-o țară în care brutalitatea și disprețul față de ființele umane au devenit în mod groaznic a culturii de zi cu zi, în care spiritul și știința sunt aliniate "rasial" și oamenii sunt exponate în muzeu.

Ernst Vlcek (1941-2008), scriitor profesionist din 1970, a scris sute de romane în domeniul științifico-fantastic, în special pentru seria Perry Rhodan și, de asemenea, între 1971 și 1974 pentru seria spin-off Atlan. A scris și sub pseudonimul Paul Wolf. Ernst Vlcek este co-autorul seria fantastice Mythor

Fizicianul Herbert W. Franke este considerat a fi unul dintre cei mai importanți autori de literatură științifico-fantastică de limbă germană. În limba română au fost traduse lucrări ca Rețeaua gândurilor în 1979 (Das Gedankennetz, 1961), Zona zero în 1988 (Zone Null, 1970) sau Visul lui despre mare în 1993 (Der Traum vom Meer, 1974). În 1993 a apărut Capcana de sticlă (Die Glasfalle, 1952) de Herbert W. Franke, traducere de Lucian Hoancă.

Printre scriitorii generațiilor anilor 1980-1990 se numără fizicianul Peter Schattschneider, autor al două colecții Zeitstopp (1982) și Singularitäten (1984); Marianne Gruber, autoare a unor povestiri scurte și a două romane anti-utopice, Die gläserne Kugel (1981, Sfera de sticlă) și Zwischenstation (1986); Barbara Neuwirth, care a scris mai ales povestiri fantastice, uneori cu elemente științifico-fantastice (prima sa colecție este In den Gärten der Nacht din 1990), Ernst Petz sau Kurt Bracharz, ultimii doi scriitori ale unor povestiri satirice.

În 1995, Christoph Ransmayr a publicat distopia ucronică Morbus Kitahara (The Dog King). Povestea are loc în Europa Centrală după al doilea război mondial și după implementarea Planului Morgenthau, care a dezindustrializat regiunea și a creat o societate post-apocaliptică nemiloasă. Personajul principal este fiul unui fierar care devine garda de corp a singurului om din zonă care deține o mașină.

Scriitori

Reviste
Din 1963, la Viena, Franz Rottensteiner a publicat cea mai importantă revistă de științifico-fantastic din Austria, Quarber Merkur.

Filme
Fritz Lang a fost un regizor, scenarist și producător de film austriaco-germano-american. În 1927 a realizat filmul german științifico-fantastic Metropolis, co-scris de Fritz Lang și soția sa Thea von Harbou, scriitoare germană.

În 1924 a apărut filmul științifico-fantastic și de groază Orlacs Hände, regizat de Robert Wiene și bazat pe romanul Les Mains d'Orlac scris de Maurice Renard. Filmul a avut mai multe continuări, printre care coproducția El secreto del Dr. Orloff (1964), un film regizat de Jesús Franco.

Die vom 17er Haus (The People from the 17th House) este un film științifico-fantastic austriac din 1932 în regia Artur Berger. Filmul a fost creat ca un film de publicitate pentru Partidul Austriac Social-Democrat pentru alegerile de stat de la Viena din 24 aprilie 1932. Acțiunea filmului are loc peste 100 de ani, în Viena anului 2032 cu zgârie-nori care cresc în centrul orașului.

În 1952 a avut premiera filmul 1 aprilie 2000, în regia lui Wolfgang Liebeneiner. Scenariul a fost comandat la cererea guvernului austriac și este o satiră politică care prezintă un viitor inofensiv, potențial congenital, în care Austria este supusă în continuare unei supravegheri inutile și sufocante de către cele patru puteri aliate, așa cum s-a stabilit în urma înfrângerii Germaniei naziste în timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial.

Georg Tressler a regizat în 1974 comedia erotică științifico-fantastică cu buget redus Ach jodel mir noch einen - Stosstrupp Venus bläst zum Angriff (2069: O odisee sexuală). Cinci femei voluptoase de pe planeta Venus sunt trimise pe Pământ pentru a recolta și a aduce acasă probe de spermatozoizi. Venus este pe cale de dispariție pentru că nu mai există bărbați în viață. Pe Pământ, cele cinci femei descoperă că nu este atât de dificil să-i convingă pe pământeni să le ajute în misiunea lor, problema este cantitatea necesară...

Unsichtbare Gegner (Invisible Adversaries) este un film experimental din 1977 regizat de Valie Export (debut regizoral). Filmul are loc în Viena contemporană: Anna, o fotografă, descoperă că ființele extraterestre colonizează mințile concetățenilor săi prin creșterea coeficientului de agresiune umană. Lumea exterioară devine rapid dezorganizată, la fel și lumea ei interioară din care face parte Anna și iubitul ei, Peter. Cu toate acestea, încearcă să se agațe de relația lor degradantă. Filmul a avut parte de recenzii copleșitor de pozitive.

AINOA este un film din 2006 regizat de Marco Kalantari. Filmul are loc într-un viitor post-apocaliptic al anului 2078, când lumea a fost distrusă de un război nuclear. Acest război a fost și este controlat de AINOA, o fată-robot ascunsă într-o închisoare de maximă securitate. Particularitatea acestui film constă în crearea și dezvoltarea sa prin participarea voluntară a mai mult de 500 de persoane (a avut un buget foarte mic).

Filmul Die Wand (Zidul, 2012) este o coproducție austriaco-germană, acesta a fost regizat de Julian Pölsler. Actrița Martina Gedeck interpretează rolul femeii izolate de un zid invizibil în munți. Este bazat pe un roman omonim distopic din 1963 al scriitoarei austriece Marlen Haushofer.

Printre alte filme științifico-fantastice austriece se numără: Le temps du loup sau Vreme de restriște (2003, regizat de Michael Haneke), Rammbock (2010, regia Marvin Kren), Blutgletscher sau Ghețarul cu sânge (2013, regia Marvin Kren), Little Joe (2019, regia Jessica Hausner).

O listă de filme științifico-fantastice austriece: imdb.com.

Jocuri video
PostCollapse este un joc video științifico-fantastic, de supraviețuire, austriac din 2018 dezvoltat și publicat de Ambiera. Războiul nuclear a pus capăt civilizației. Jucătorul este unul dintre ultimii supraviețuitori, care trebuie să iasă din buncărul subteran pentru a găsi o cale de supraviețuire la suprafață. Jocul este bazat pe romanul german din 2011 Die Wiederentdeckung der Erde de Nikolaus Gebhardt.

Note

Lectură suplimentară
 Franz Rottensteiner (editor) & Todd C. Hanlin (Translator) The Best of Austrian Science Fiction. (Studies in Austrian Literature, Culture, and Thought. Translation Series. (Aug., 2001)
"Science Fiction: Eine Einführung." Insel Almanach auf das Jahr (1972): 5-21.
 Mike Mitchell (editor) - The Dedalus Book of Austrian Fantasy: 1890-2000, Editura Dedalus, 2003, ISBN 1-903517-13-3

Vezi și
Științifico-fantasticul în Ungaria

Filme austriece
Literatură austriacă

Științifico-fantasticul în Austria


Pristimantis gretathunbergae est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Craugastoridae originaire du Panama. Elle est nommée en l'honneur de la militante pour le climat Greta Thunberg.

Elle vit dans les phytotelmes, réservoirs d'eaux créés par les feuilles des broméliacées poussant dans les forêts de nuage du mont Chucantí et des autres montagnes du Panama.

Le spécimen a été découvert à Cerro Chucantí, une réserve privée située dans la province de Darién par une équipe internationale de biologistes dirigée par les docteurs Abel Batista du Panama, et Konrad Mebert de Suisse.

La nouvelle espèce de grenouille est endémique du Panama. Elle ne vit que dans les hautes montagnes du Darién et au centre du Panama.

Notes et références

Faune endémique du Panama
Anoure (nom scientifique)
Ceuthomantinae
Amphibien décrit en 2022

Pristimantis gretathunbergae