Cabana Turnuri este o cabană în Munții Făgăraș, pe valea râului Podragu situată la altitudinea de 1520 m. (45°37'34"N ; 24°40'36"E).

Este încadrată la est de muchia Tarata, muchia Podragului la vest (în partea inferioară se află două formațiuni stâncoase asemănătoare unor turnuri, de unde și numele cabanei), la sud cascada Podragului, la nord valea Arpașului.

Cabana a fost construită în anul 1964 din piatră și lemn. Capacitate de cazare este de 20 locuri.

Clubul de Ecologie și Turism Transmont Făgăraș, a preluat în administrare cabana Turnuri începând cu iunie 2008, unde are în derulare un proiect de ecologie și protecție a florei și faunei rare din zona Turnuri-Podragu.

Note

Legături externe
 traseeromania.ro - cabana-turnuri-muntii-fagaras
 carpati.org - ghid_montan/muntii/fagarasului/cabana_turnuri

Cabane din Munții Făgăraș
Turismul în România
Fondări în 1964

Cabana Turnuri


Maghreb cuisine is the cooking of the Maghreb region, the northwesternmost part of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of the countries of Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. Well-known dishes from the region include couscous, pastilla, tajine and shakshouka.

Origins

The cuisine of the Maghreb, the western region of North Africa,  includes that of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Libya, is by origin a mixture of Arabian, Berber and Mediterranean cuisines, with historic influences from Ottoman and European cuisines. The cuisines of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya and Morocco have also been influenced by French and Italian cuisine respectively.

Cuisine

In Maghrebi cuisine, the most common staple foods are wheat (for khobz bread and couscous), fish, seafood, goat, lamb, beef, dates, almonds, olives and various vegetables and fruits.

Because the region is predominantly Muslim, halal meats are usually eaten. Most dishes are spiced.

The use of legumes, nuts, fruits and spices is very prominent. Salt-preserved lemons (l'hamd mrakad) and so-called "oil-cured" olives are distinctive elements of the cuisine.

The best-known Maghrebi dish abroad is couscous, made from wheat semolina. The tajine, a cooking vessel made of clay, is also a common denominator in this region, although the dishes and preparation methods vary widely. For example, a tajine in Tunisia is a baked quiche-like dish, whereas in Morocco it is a slow-cooked stew. Pastilla is also an important Andalusian dish of the region.

Spices
Spices found in this region's cuisine are ginger, allspice, caraway, saffron, paprika, cloves, cumin, coriander, cayenne pepper and turmeric. Fresh peppermint, parsley, or coriander are also very common. Spice mixtures such as ras el hanout, baharat, and chili pastes like harissa (especially in Tunisia) are frequently used as well.

Image gallery

See also

 List of African cuisines
 List of African dishes

References

External links

Mediterranean cuisine
North African cuisine
West African cuisine

Maghrebi cuisine


xxxHolic (stylized as ×××HOLiC; pronounced "Holic") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by the manga group Clamp. The series, which crosses over with another Clamp work, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, revolves around Kimihiro Watanuki, a high school student who is disturbed by his ability to see the supernatural, and Yūko Ichihara, a powerful witch who owns a wish-granting shop. When Watanuki asks Ichihara to remove his ability to see spirits, she grants it on the condition that he pay for his wish by working for her. Clamp created xxxHolic to link the supernatural and fantasy series.

xxxHolic was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Magazine periodically from February 2003 until March 2010. It then moved to the shōnen manga magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine in June 2010, where it ended serialization in February 2011; its chapters were collected in 19 tankōbon volumes. A sequel, xxxHolic: Rei, started in 2013. It was first published in the United States by Del Rey Manga and in the United Kingdom by Tanoshimi in 2004, then was later published in a series of omnibuses by Kodansha Comics as of 2014. In 2005, Production I.G adapted the manga into an animated film, which was followed by two anime television series, and various original video animations (OVAs). Funimation licensed the film and the first TV series in North America, and released both of them in DVD as well as Blu-ray Disc. A light novel and a video game have also been released based on the series.

The manga has been well received by both Japanese and English readers and has appeared in various rankings of bestselling books. Critics have generally praised the series for its illustrations and its portrayal of supernatural elements.

Plot

Kimihiro Watanuki is a high school student plagued by ayakashi spirits which are invisible to everyone else but him. The series begins when Watanuki stumbles, seemingly by chance, into a shop that grants wishes. The shop is owned by Yūko Ichihara, a mysterious witch of many names and esoteric renown. For a price, she offers to grant Watanuki's wish to be rid of the spirits. The price, according to Yūko, must be of equal value; so, as payment, he must become Yūko's temporary, part-time cook and housekeeper. While his established job consists of household chores, Yūko increasingly sends him on errands of a supernatural or spiritual nature as the series develops. Himawari Kunogi, Watanuki's love interest, and Shizuka Dōmeki, a classmate whom Watanuki initially detests, occasionally join him in his work as per Yūko's request. The three become increasingly close, and though Watanuki is often annoyed with Dōmeki, he grows to value the new friendships he makes and his life at the wish shop. At the same time, though, he begins to worry about Yūko, wondering if she who grants wishes to others ever has anything to wish for herself. Eventually, he makes a promise to try and grant her a wish, should she have one.

With each supernatural encounter, Watanuki becomes more familiar with and connected to the spiritual world. A crossing plotline with the concurrent series Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle reveals that Yūko is actually on the verge of death, and she is only alive now because her personal time was accidentally frozen long ago by the powerful wizard Clow Reed. As the magic binding her in time begins to dissolve, Yūko's ability to maintain the shop's magical existence fades, and she eventually passes on, telling Watanuki that he will finally be free of his ability to see demons. However, Watanuki chooses to retain his ability to see spirits in order to maintain Yūko's shop and take over her role of shopkeeper. Further cross-over plotlines reveal that Watanuki was born as a result of a wish to turn back time by a shop client, Syaoran of Tsubasa. Since Syaoran was able to go back in time (at the cost of being removed from his timeline and becoming imprisoned by the sorcerer Fei-Wang Reed), Watanuki was born to replace the void in timespace Syaoran left behind, and thus while they are different people, they share an "existence". As the series reaches its conclusion, Syaoran and Watanuki become trapped in a void by Fei-Wang and must pay a price to become free and continue existing. While Syaoran decides to keep traveling through dimensions, never stopping in a single place, Watanuki chooses to stay inside the shop and act as its owner, granting wishes until the day he sees Yūko again. As time progresses, Watanuki continues working in the shop without aging. Dōmeki, his assistant, frequently visits him, and the tradition continues with Dōmeki's descendants. After 100 years pass, Watanuki has a dream of Yūko, who tells him that he has finally become powerful enough to leave the shop. Despite this, he decides to continue waiting inside the shop for the day that they meet again.

Background
xxxHolic was conceived when the group Clamp wanted to link the supernatural and fantasy series they made with a realistic one. This idea was further worked with the creation of the character of Yūko Ichihara who would bridge the stories from xxxHolic and Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle. Clamp proposed the idea of writing xxxHolic to Young Magazine after Chobits. In the end they decided to publish both xxxHolic and Tsubasa in weekly magazines to make serialization easier. The manga's title was originally going to be "addicted" but it was changed for the less ambiguous "holic." Like Clamp's previous work Tokyo Babylon, xxxHolic focuses on social pathologies but with a more esoteric tone.
The "xxx" before the holic is the Japanese way of saying of "fill in the blank." Therefore, the title itself gives a hint about what the series are about. It is talking about the people with the problems such as an alcoholic, or a workaholic. Being a fantastical series, these "---holics " can have very different pathologies.

The art style of the manga draws on the influence of ukiyo-e wood prints. When making a chapter composed of about twenty pages, Clamp takes around two days to make the artwork, the time differing with the ones from other series they made. The script of the series made by Nanase Ohkawa, who the other Clamp members ask her about any confusion they have before starting drawing the chapters. The illustrations and character designs are mainly done by Tsubaki Nekoi with assistance from Mokona, although Satsuki Igarashi also draws various parts. For the series, they decided to use Japanese and Chinese themes, but avoided using tones. Mokona is mainly in charge of designing the female characters, while Nekoi draws the male ones and all the spirits featured. The artwork is also inspired by Alphonse Mucha who Mokona is a fan of. This leads to all the tankobon covers being gold or silver and then color printed over it. The series was retitled xxxHolic Rō ever since volume 16 because of how Watanuki replaced Yuko as the shop's owner.

When first presenting the idea of running xxxHolic linked with Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, although Ohkawa expressed concerns for the strain the weekly pace of such a series would place on the artists, she whole-heartedly approved. In accordance with Ohkawa's desire for each to have a well-organized story, Clamp avoids putting references between the two stories too frequently. The reasons for linking these two series was because Clamp wanted to have two protagonists from two different manga with different personalities and design, yet during the ending they would be stated to be same person, and had to go on different paths. Because Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle was more focused on action scenes, Clamp sometimes took breaks from xxxHolic or create autoconclusive stories so that the storyline between the two series would always be linked. In April 2010, Clamp stated that the xxxHolic was taking longer than what they expected, causing delays to some of their other works. When the manga finished serialization, Clamp felt it was more the ending from xxxHolic Rō, pointing that xxxHolic had already ended. Regarding the series' finale, Clamp wanted to express that while Watanuki's decision to stay in the shop may seem sad for readers, for Watanuki it was his happiness. Clamp was satisfied with people's reaction to the last chapter, as when discussing Watanuki's fate, they were also thinking what is happiness for them.

Themes
As the title implies, the manga focuses on addictions to regular habits. These addictions are expanded in a supernatural setting serving as a parallel to real world societies. Watanuki's problem of being constantly followed by demons can be compared with the sensation of a normal person feeling scared by the belief he is observed. Across the series, several clients with different addictions visits Yuko's shop seeking help. Solving these cases results in moral dilemmas. Clamp places emphasis on the importance of words when writing the manga. Yuko's dialogues always affect the other characters due to how direct and secure she is when speaking. In early chapters, while she worries a woman addicted to the internet by labeling her husband and child as "other people," Yuko is transmitting the philosophy of individualism and the power her client has. In contrast to Yuko, another client has a tendency to lie which brings her misfortunes.

Media

Manga

Written and illustrated by Clamp, xxxHolic started in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Magazine on February 24, 2003. The series finished its publication in the magazine on March 20, 2010, and was transferred to Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on May 8 of the same year; a special 26-page one-shot chapter was also published in Weekly Shōnen Magazine on May 19 of the same year. The series finished on February 9, 2011. Kodansha collected its 213 chapters in 19 tankōbon volumes; the numbers of chapters for such release was reduced by combining the ones from the original serialization. Starting volume 16, the series is retitled , but the number of chapters follow the previous ones. The first volume was released on July 25, 2003, and the last one on March 9, 2011.

xxxHolic was one of the first four manga series licensed for English release in North America by Del Rey Manga, and was acquired together with Mobile Suit Gundam SEED, Negima!: Magister Negi Magi, and Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle in January 2004. Del Rey published its first volume on April 27, 2004, and on February 21, 2012, the nineteenth and final volume was released. Kodansha USA re-released it in 3-in-1 omnibus format in 2014. The series has also been licensed for an English-language release by Tanoshimi, who released the first nine volumes in the United Kingdom with the first one on August 3, 2006.

A second xxxHolic manga series, titled  was announced at The CLAMP Festival 2012 event. It was scheduled to be published in Weekly Young Magazine in February 2013, however a month's delay in the magazine's issue release dates changed this to March 4, 2013. The series has had various hiatuses; its latest chapters were published from June 2016 to March 2017. In April 2022, it was announced that Clamp was planning to resume the series in 2023. Kodansha released the first tankōbon volume on October 23, 2013. As of October 6, 2016, four volumes have been released.

Kodansha USA announced in July 2013 they licensed the manga for English release, releasing the first volume in 2014.

Film

Production I.G produced an animated film of the series titled xxxHolic: A Midsummer Night's Dream (×××HOLiC: 真夏ノ夜ノ夢 - xxxHOLiC: Manatsu no Yoru no Yume) which premiered on August 20, 2005 alongside Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle the Movie: The Princess in the Birdcage Kingdom. The DVD version was released on November 24, 2006. In the film, Yūko receives a request from a woman to help her back into her mansion, which does not allow her to enter. Yūko says that since Watanuki was the one who brought the client to her, he should be the one to grant her wish and therefore is brought along with her and Dōmeki. Yūko also attends because she has been invited to the mansion with many other famous collectors by the same letter, with the mansion filled with strange rooms and mysterious letters telling its guests what to do in place of a host.

The film was selected as a finalist for the Annecy International Animated Film Festival 2006 in the Feature Films category with other four nominees: Asterix and the Vikings, Origin: Spirits of the Past, Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, and the award winner, Renaissance.

Anime television series

The anime adaptations of xxxHolic were produced by Production I.G. The first season of anime television adaptation of xxxHolic began airing on Tokyo Broadcasting System Television on April 6, 2006 in Japan and ended on September 28, 2006, with 24 episodes in total. Both the film and the anime series are directed by Tsutomu Mizushima. Ageha Ohkawa, Clamp's director and main scriptwriter, served as executive producer and co-served as the series composition writer of the TV series. The second season, , began airing on TBS on April 3, 2008 in Japan and ended on June 26, 2008, with 13 episodes in total. The main staff and cast remains the same as in the first season. The first season's episodes were also collected in eight DVD volumes published between July 26, 2007 and February 21, 2008, while two DVD boxes were released on August 25, 2010 and October 27, 2010. The second's ones were released in seven DVD volumes between June 25, 2008 and December 17, 2008, a DVD box was released on January 26, 2011.

The first season is licensed by Funimation (now known as Crunchyroll) in July 2007. Six DVDs were released between March 25, 2008 and October 21, 2008 featuring the first season while a DVD box was released on July 28, 2009. On January 26, 2009, the series made its North American debut on the Funimation Channel. As of October 2022, the series migrated to the Crunchyroll streaming service from the FunimationNOW video streaming app.

Original video animations
A two-DVD original video animation, entitled  was also released by Production I.G. The first DVD for this OVA was released on February 17, 2009 with the 14th volume of the Japanese manga. The second one was released alongside volume 15 on June 26, 2009. Its story focuses on how Haruka Domeki tells Watanuki and Domeki to search for four items, which lead Watanuki to enter into the Dream World. The OVA was rereleased in Blu-ray format alongside the first volume of xxxHolic Rei on October 23, 2013.

Another OVA titled  was shipped with the 17th volume of the xxxHolic manga on April 23, 2010. It is set ever since Yūko's death, and follows Watanuki's life as the new shop's owner. Another OVA titled  was released on March 9, 2011 as included with a special edition from volume 19. In the OVA, Watanuki sees various parts of Domeki's life, including his childhood and the events that happened across the series.

Live-action TV series

It was announced on September 7, 2012, that xxxHolic will be adapted into a live action TV series for airing at February 24, 2013 on WOWOW, titled . Anne Watanabe plays the role of Yuko Ichihara, while Shota Sometani plays the character Kimihiro Watanuki. The series is directed by Keisuke Toyoshima. It ran for eight episodes. It features "Aitai" from Suga Shikao as its opening theme song. The series was collected in a box released in both DVD and Blu-ray format on November 6, 2013.

Live-action film

On November 22, 2021, Shochiku and Asmik Ace announced that a live-action film adaptation was in the works for xxxHolic, with Ko Shibasaki and Ryūnosuke Kamiki playing Yuko Ichihara and Kimihiro Watanuki respectively. Mika Ninagawa directed the film, while Erika Yoshida provided the screenplay. The film was released in Japanese theaters on April 29, 2022.

Other
There were also several other releases in the franchise. A novel titled , was written by Nisio Isin and published in Japan on August 1, 2006. It features four stories with the first one being an adaptation of the series' first chapter. The novel includes original artwork by Clamp. Del Rey published an English translation of xxxHOLiC: AnotherHOLiC, released on October 28, 2008.

Several fanbooks have been released in Japan. The first is  and was released on August 17, 2005. TV Animation ×××HOLiC Extra Official Guide was released on May 17, 2006, and focused in information from the anime adaptation. Another manga guidebook is , which was released on November 17, 2006. It was released in English by Del Rey on October 27, 2009 as "The Official xxxHOLiC Guide". On March 17, 2011, Kodansha published another guidebook titled . Another related book is  which was released by Kodansha on July 17, 2004. It is set prior to the events of xxxHolic and Tsubasa and tells the lives from the two Mokona Modoki ever since their creation by Clow Reed and Yūko Ichihara. In January 2013 Kodansha will also release a xxxHolic artbook.

An adventure game by Marvelous Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 video game console was released in Japan on August 9, 2007, named .

Two soundtrack albums were released for the franchise. The first one is xxxHolic: A Midsummer Night's Dream Original Soundtrack which was released on August 18, 2005 by Pony Canyon. It contains over twenty tracks from the series' film. The second soundtrack, titled xxxHolic Sound File, was released August 22, 2008 by S.E.N.S. PROJECT. The CD includes thirty-five soundtracks (including a hidden bonus track), various of them from the PlayStation 2 game as well as from the TV series. xxxHolic also makes a crossover with Tsubasa in the drama CDs series  which was released in three volumes.

An all-male stage play of xxxHolic (also known as ) began showing on September 17, 2021 in Tokyo. The play is directed by Fumiya Matsuzaki, written by Masafumi Hata, planned by Nanase Ohkawa, and produced by Nelke Planning. The play stars Motohiro Ota and Shōgo Sakamoto as Yūko Ichihara and Kimihiro Watanuki respectively.

Reception

Sales
The series has sold well in Japan with its thirteenth volume being 43rd in the top 50 manga sold in Japan in 2008. In May 2015, Kodansha announced the manga has 13.7 million copies in print. The series' debut in North America was also successful with its first volume ranking sixth in Nielsen Bookscan's list of bestselling volumes during its first week. Volume 13 also hit No. 6 on the New York Times list of bestselling manga shortly after its launch in April 2009. According to the New York Times, xxxHolic was the sixth best-selling manga in the United States in 2009. In Mania Entertainment's "Best Manga Awards For 2005", xxxHolic was the winner in the category "Best Mature".

Manga
The xxxHolic manga series has also been well received by various publications with Mania Entertainment's Megan Lavey praising its focus on the people's thoughts, as well as its comedy. She also found its connection with Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle appealing due to events being depicted from different points of view, persuading readers to read both series. Michael Aronson from Manga Life stated the series' introduction had potential to be worth reading due to its episodic nature and found some of its characters to be "gripping", though Dan Polley, also from Manga Life, commenting that Watanuki "does seem a little bit weak to be the lead character". On the other hand, Matthew Alexander from Mania Entertainment stated that Watanuki's character was well developed across the series, becoming more appealing. Joy Kim, another writer from Manga Life, praised how despite its episodic nature, the narrative brought by Watanuki's interactions with other characters made every panel "loaded with significance". Carlo Santos of Anime News Network liked how later volumes of the series "[outdid] itself by breaking into the world of dreams", compared to initial volumes that focused on the interaction between humans and spirit. Active Anime found its emotional tension as well as its connection with Tsubasa some of the main reason why the series is worth reading. Not having read Tsubasa, Matthew Alexander felt that the addition of elements from the series into xxxHolic was well-made, as it started to suggest a connection between the two series' protagonists. However, Santos found the series' connection with Tsubasa to be confusing to the point that only readers from both series would understand some explanations.

Regarding events happening from volume 15 onwards, Active Anime's Holly Ellingwood called them "tragic, inspiring, and beautifully, breathtakingly sad", enjoying the way Yuko's fate was revealed, but wondering how it would continue. Carlo Santos stated that although the series lost its "star performer", it kept being appealing due to the fact that Watanuki replaced her and found most of volume 16 as "an exercise in getting back on one's feet after a heartbreaking loss, and it is all the more inspirational for that." Matthew Alexander from Mania was more critical to these events due to the how it became "an ultra serious downer" due to Yuko's loss and the lack of its recurring comedy. Additionally, he cited the events regarding Yuko's disappearance and later death were not explained in xxxHolic, stating that only readers from Tsubasa would understand such events. The artwork has been praised because of its "striking designs and patterns built into the images", various notable traits from Clamp, as well as for being "equally memorable and evocative". On the other hand, it has also been criticized for being "less visually busy than Tsubasa" due to some pages lacking backgrounds, though critic Michael Aronson for Manga Life stated that the panels' composition is able to make up for such issues. Rebecca Silverman review the opening volume of xxxHolic: Rei gave the sequel a B+ rating, praising the way the story now flowed and the artwork, but said that the story was, "a little too mysterious in places".

Anime
The anime adaptation of xxxHolic has received mixed reception from different publications, with Anime News Network's Casey Brienza liking how its first season is faithful to the original material. However, she found that some of Funimation's subtitles in its first episodes to be confusing, advising people to watch the English dubbed version instead. In a bigger overview of the first season, Carlo Santos found issues with the animation's unintentional "super deformed" moments in which the characters' limbs became notably longer. He also criticized some of its episodes' storytelling as it "falls flat" due to trivial issues discussed. Holly Ellingwood from Active Anime called the series "one of the most distinctly imaginative" because of the combination of supernatural elements and comedy. Pointing to the animation quality, Ellingwood found each character distinctive and the animation issues to be comical. DVD Talk's Todd Douglass Jr. gave praise to the themes touched upon in the anime series. Despite giving disapproval to its episodic nature, Douglass found the characters appealing due to their development over the series. IGN writer Jeff Harris found its start "tolerable", stating that fans from action series may not be interested by xxxHolic despite its potential. Like Santos, he commented on its animation, citing similar issues with the design, noting some moments lacked the fluidity seen in other parts of the series. He also criticized the blank background choices, questioning if they were truly artistic decisions or done to save on animation costs. Chris Beveridge of Mania gave a mixed review for the animation, agreeing with Santos and Harris, but still enjoyed the animation style, concluding that "everything about the visual design of the show is very appealing." Analyzing its episodic nature, Beveridge enjoyed the format, and praised the series' ability to strike a balance between light and dark parts of its stories.

Notes

References

External links

 xxxHolic: A Midsummer Night's Dream and xxxHolic TV series at Production I.G's Official site
 xxxHolic ~Watanuki no Izayoi Sowa~ official game site

XxxHolic
2003 manga
2006 anime television series debuts
2006 Japanese novels
2008 anime television series debuts
2009 anime OVAs
2010 anime OVAs
2011 anime OVAs
Anime series
Crossover anime and manga
Dark fantasy anime and manga
Del Rey Manga
Funimation
Kodansha manga
Production I.G
Seinen manga
Shōnen manga
Witchcraft in anime and manga
Works by Clamp (manga artists)
Yōkai in anime and manga
Nisio Isin
Wowow original programming

XxxHolic


Vjosa Osmani (Kosovska Mitrovica, 17. svibnja 1982.), kosovska političarka, pravnica, predsjednica Republike Kosovo od 4. travnja 2021. te bivša  predsjednica skupštine Kosova od 3. veljače 2020. do 22. ožujka 2021. Dužnost privremene  Predsjednice Kosova preuzela je 5. studenoga 2020. po sili ustava  Republike Kosova, nakon što je tadašnji Predsjednik Kosova Hashim Thaçi podnio neopozivu ostavku na tu dužnost, nakon što ga je Haški sud optužio za ratne zločine počinjene nad Srbima na Kosovu u razdoblju između 1998. i 2000.

Biografija

Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu rođena je 1982. godine u Mitrovici, na Kosovu. Osnovnu i srednju školu završila je s u rodnom gradu. Završila je pravo na sveučilištu u Prištini. Kao sveučilišna profesorica predavala je predmete iz područja međunarodnog prava na sveučilištu u Prištini. Kao i sveučilišna profesorica predavala je i u  Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama tamo je predavala predmet "Izgradnja države i pravo: kosovsko iskustvo".

Osmani je diplomirala na Kosovu stipendijom koju je dobila od Ministarstva obrazovanja ocjenjujući je najboljom studenticom kosovskog pravnog fakulteta.
Istodobno su je na svim fakultetima izabrali kao jednu od pet najboljih studentica u zemlji. 2004. dobila je stipendiju za završetak magisterija na Sveučilištu u Pittsburghu. 2005. godine Sveučilište u Pittsburghu dva puta joj je dodijelilo Nagradu za izvrsnost za budućnost. 2009. godine, zahvaljujući pokazanom uspjehu, ponovno je osvojila punu stipendiju za doktorski studij na istom sveučilištu, gdje se ponovno usredotočila na područje prava.

Osmani je trenutno predsjednica skupštine Kosova od 5. veljače 2020. godine, a na Parlamentarnim izborima na Kosovu 2019. godine bila je kandidatkinja svoje stranke za premijerku. Ranije je obnašala dužnosti predsjednice Odbora za vanjske poslove, dijasporu i strateška ulaganja, i potpredsjednice Odbora za ustavne reforme na Kosovu.

Osmani je udana i majka je dviju kćeri blizanki. Pored albanskog govori i engleski, turski, španjolski i srpski jezik.

Politička karijera

Osmanina politička karijera započela je u njenim tinejdžerskim godinama, kad je bila aktivistica LDK-a. Dana 27. kolovoza 2009. izabrana je za šeficu ureda tadašnjeg predsjednika Republike Kosovo, Fatmira Sejdiua.
Poznata je po svom doprinosu neovisnosti Kosova, upravo po doprisu Međunarodnom sudu pravde, gdje je u to vrijeme bila dio kosovske vlade u obrani zakonitosti neovisnosti Kosova, slučaju u kojem je Kosovo pobijedilo Srbiju. U tom je procesu Osmani bila predstavnica Kosova.

Izvori

Kosovski predsjednici

Vjosa Osmani


Julien Almansa (né le  à L'Union ou Villemur) est un coureur cycliste français, spécialiste du cyclo-cross.

Biographie
Après s'être essayé au football, Julien Almsansa prend sa première licence au Saint-Alban Omnisports Cyclisme. Il participe à sa première course en deuxième années minimes à Villeneuve-Tolosane, qu'il termine à la douzième place. Cycliste polyvalent, il court principalement sur route et en cyclo-cross.

En 1992, il obtient ses premiers grands notables au niveau national, principalement dans le cyclo-cross. Il connaît ensuite ses premières sélections en équipe de France amateurs. Il rejoint le GSC Blagnac en 1995, tout en étant incorporé au Bataillon de Joinville pour son service militaire. En 1997, il se classe troisième du Tour du Tarn-et-Garonne. Cette même année, il devient stagiaire au sein de l'équipe US Postal Service, mais ne parvient pas à obtenir un contrat professionnel. Il se retire du haut niveau amateur en 2000 pour travailler en tant que mécanicien chez Renault, après une saison passée à l'US Montauban.

Il reprend finalement la compétition dès 2001 à l'AS Villemur Cyclisme, où il enchaîne les victoires dans les championnats régionaux au cours des années 2000.

Palmarès

Palmarès sur route
 1989
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées du contre-la-montre par équipes juniors
 1992
  du championnat de Midi-Pyrénées du contre-la-montre par équipes
 1993
 Tour du Canton de la Brède
  du championnat de Midi-Pyrénées du contre-la-montre par équipes
 1994
 Boucles de l'Ariège :
 Classement général
 Une étape (contre-la-montre)
 1996
  du Tour du Monténégro
 1997
  du championnat de Midi-Pyrénées du contre-la-montre
  des Boucles du Comminges
  de la Cursa Ciclista del Llobregat
  du Tour du Tarn-et-Garonne
 1998
  du Circuit de la Nive
 1999
  du Grand Prix Pierre-Pinel
 2009
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées du contre-la-montre FSGT

Palmarès en cyclo-cross

 1991
  du championnat de Midi-Pyrénées espoirs
 1992
 Trophée Midi-Pyrénées Cyclo-cross
  du Challenge National espoirs
 1994
  du championnat de Midi-Pyrénées de cyclo-cross
 1995
  Médaillé de bronze du championnat du monde militaires
 1996
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées
 1997
  du championnat de Midi-Pyrénées
 1998
 Champion de Haute-Garonne

 2004
  Champion de France FSGT
 2007
  Champion de France FSGT
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées FSGT
 2008
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées FSGT
  du championnat de France FSGT
 2009
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées FSGT

Palmarès sur piste
 1996
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées de poursuite
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées de poursuite par équipes

Palmarès en VTT
 1996
 Champion de Midi-Pyrénées de VTT

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste français
Naissance en décembre 1972

Julien Almansa


École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA ParisTech) er et fransk ingeniør-institut tilknyttet Université Paris-Saclay.

Instituttet blev oprettet i 1741 (École des ingénieurs-constructeurs des vaisseaux royaux) i 1940 (École du Génie Maritime) og har i dag omkring 600 studerende.

Internationalt samarbejde
ENSTA ParisTech-samarbejdsuniversiteter:

 Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME): Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), ENSTA ParisTech

Eksterne henvisninger

Uddannelsesinstitutioner i Frankrig
Tekniske universiteter
Etableret i 1741


George Dalgarno (c. 1616 – 1687) was a Scottish intellectual interested in linguistic problems. Originally from Aberdeen, he later worked as a schoolteacher in Oxford in collaboration with John Wilkins, although the two parted company intellectually in 1659.

Life
Dalgarno matriculated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1631. Subsequently, he was a schoolteacher in Oxford in the 1650s. In 1657, he was encouraged to upgrade a system of shorthand on which he was working, by Samuel Hartlib, to a more ambitious universal system and he published on the subject later the same year. This effort brought him into contact with members of the Oxford Philosophical Club, one of the precursors of the Royal Society.

Works
Dalgarno was the author of Didascalocophus or the Deaf and Dumb man's tutor (1680), which proposed a totally new linguistic system for use by deaf mutes.

Dalgarno was also interested in constructing what he called a 'philosophical language', now more usually referred to as universal language. A modern translation of his Ars signorum (Art of Signs, 1661) was published in 2001 in an edition that also includes his autobiography and other manuscript writings.

Notes

References
 David Cram and Jaap Maat, (eds.), George Dalgarno on Universal Language: The Art of Signs (1661), The Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor (1680), and the Unpublished Papers, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
 Umberto Eco, The Search for the Perfect Language, Fontana Press, 1997, , pp. 228–237

External links

1616 births
1687 deaths
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Constructed language creators
Scottish linguists
17th-century Scottish people
Scottish scholars and academics
Academics from Aberdeen
Scottish schoolteachers
Scottish philosophers
17th-century Scottish autobiographers
17th-century Scottish writers

George Dalgarno


Pape Abou Cissé (Pikine, 14 de setembro de 1995) é um futebolista senegalês que joga como zagueiro. Atualmente joga pelo .

Carreira no clube
É um jogador proveniente das categorias de base do AS Pikine. Depois de um teste, Cissé ingressou no Ajaccio no início de 2015 como profissional estagiário. Ele fez sua estreia profissional no empate da Ligue 2 contra o Valenciennes em abril de 2015, jogando o jogo inteiro. Ele fez 71 jogos na segunda divisão francesa.

Em 19 de agosto de 2021, ele marcou depois que Aguibou Camara não conseguiu vencer o goleiro do Slovan, selando uma triunfante vitória em casa por 3 a 0 em casa na primeira rodada dos playoffs da UEFA Europa League de 2021–22 contra o ŠK Slovan Bratislava. No dia 4 de dezembro de 2021, com dois gols de Cisse (24', 49'), o Olympiakos derrotou o OFI no Estádio Theodoros Vardinogiannis, selando uma vitória fora de casa vital na tentativa de seu clube conquistar o campeonato. Em 12 de dezembro de 2021, ele foi o único a marcar após a assistência de Rony Lopes na vitória em casa por 1 a 0 sobre o Aris.

Carreira internacional
Em 24 de agosto de 2018, ele recebeu sua primeira convocação, para a partida de qualificação da Copa das Nações da África de 2019 contra Madagascar em 9 de setembro de 2018. Ele fez sua estreia na seleção principal no dia 13 de outubro de 2018, em mais uma partida eliminatória em casa contra o Sudão, e marcou o único gol da partida.  As atuações de Cisse na Copa das Nações Africanas de 2021, após a substituição do astro do Napoli Kalidou Koulibaly, que testou positivo para coronavírus, nas duas primeiras partidas contra Zimbábue e Guiné chamaram atenção, atraindo o interesse de muitos clubes europeus.

Títulos
Olympiacos
 Campeonato Grego: 2019–20, 2021–22
 Copa da Grécia: 2019–20

Senegal
 Campeonato Africano das Nações: 2021

Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1995
Futebolistas do Senegal
Futebolistas da Association Sportive de Saint-Étienne
Futebolistas do Olympiacos FC
Futebolistas do Athletic Club Ajaccien
Futebolistas do Adana Demirspor
Jogadores da Seleção Senegalesa de Futebol
Jogadores da Copa das Nações Africanas de 2019
Jogadores do Campeonato Africano das Nações de 2021
Jogadores da Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2022

Pape Abou Cissé


Bjonko Stosic er en dansk-makedonsk musiker, producer og komponist, som spiller indenfor genren Balkan beats.

I løbet af årene har Bjonko samarbejdet med kunstnere såsom, Slaraffenland, Fallulah, Klamfyr, Jooks og Jokeren og har hertil forenet balkanmusikken med andre musikalske genrer. Bjonko har flere gange været nomineret ved Danish Music Awards, og i 2015 vandt han prisen "Årets Danske World Live Navn".

Liv og Karriere

Opvækst og tidlig karriere
Bjonko er opvokset i Høje Gladsaxe nord for København og kommer ud af en musikalsk talenteret familie. Allerede i sin tidlige barndom engagerede Bjonko sig i musikken, idet han trådte ind i Tivoligarden, hvor han begyndte at spille marchfløjte og klarinet.

Dog har Bjonko altid bevaret et tæt tilhørsforhold til sit andet hjemland, Makedonien via. folkemusikken på Balkan. I løbet af barndomsårene tilbragte han somrene i sin makedonske hjemby, Bitola, hvor han modtog undervisning på klarinet af mentoren, Capce, som var kendt på egnen som en stor musiker. I en alder af kun elleve år kontaktede Bjonko den unge serbiske roma harmonika-vituos, Lelo Nika med ambitioner om at danne et orkester. Få år senere optrådte Bjonko som kapelmester for orkesteret Cardak, der spillede til fester samt brylluper rundt omkring i Nordeuropa.

UNESCO-protektor og første udgivelse

I 2006 sammensatte Bjonko sit live-orkester, som gik under navnet Bjonko and Copenhagen Chalgija (De københavnske bymusikanter). Orkesterets faste kerne har altid bestået af Bjonko selv på klarinet og saxofon, Rasim Durakovic på harmonika og Bjørn Heebøll på trommer.

Året efter udkom Bjonkos debut-cd, The Cherry Tree is Pulled from its Roots (Chereshna se od koren korneshe) med støtte fra UNESCO og den danske nationalkommission. Cd'en var en hyldest til bryllupsmusikken fra Balkan, og udgivelsen indgik som en del af et støtteprojekt med UNESCO. I denne sammenhæng fremstod Bjonko som protektor, idet projektet arbejdede for at fremme freden og velfærden i det tidligere Jugoslavien.

Balkan Beats'n Poetry

I september 2007 indledte Bjonko det litterære projekt Balkan Beats'n Poetry. I samarbejde med den danske nationalkommission for UNESCO arbejdede Bjonko for at oversætte og udbrede digtet Sliki (på dansk Billeder). Digtet er skrevet af den makedonske digter, Emilijan Divjakoski og oversat til dansk ved hjælp af lingvist Erik Thau-Knudsen. I løbet af efteråret kom forfatteren selv til København, hvor han sammen med Bjonko afholdte flere poesi-koncerter. Projektet fik meget medieomtale i Makedonien.

Running Horses og "Tikkitash"

I februar 2015 udgav Bjonko soloalbummet Running Horses. Albummet rummer ti numre, hvor fire af disse er komponeret af Bjonko selv, imens resten er omarrangerede folkemelodier. Igen arbejder Bjonko sammen med vennerne Rasim Durakovic og Bjørn Heebøll. Dertil har Bjonko slået sig sammen med artister såsom Mika Vandborg fra Electric Guitars og Klamfyr (aka. Emil Simonsen) fra rapgruppen Suspekt på albummet.<ref>[http://www.rootszone.dk Petersen, Allan E. CD: Bjonko -- Contemporary Balkan Beats "Running Horses" (23. april, 2015)]</ref>

Sidstnævnte kunstner, Klamfyr optræder i nummeret "Tikkitash", hvor Bjonko som noget nyt kombinerer vilde Balkan beat toner med dansk sjofel rap. Med nummeret "Tikkitash" udgav Bjonko også sin første musikvideo, som rummer kulturelle indtryk og natursmukke scener fra hans makedonske hjemstavn, Bitola og hans hjerteby, Ohrid.

 Musikalsk stil og succes

 Musikalsk stilart

Igennem årene har Bjonko udviklet sin musikalske stilart fra traditionel folkemusik fra Balkan til moderne Balkan beats, som er forenet med en nutidig urban lyd.

Ifølge Bjonko selv er der tale om en crossover mellem hans musikalske arv fra Balkan og den moderne arv fra de danske mainstreamgenrer.

 Live-performance

Siden 1992 har Bjonko optrådt på mange store scener og festivaler både i Danmark og i resten af Norden.

Tilbage i oktober 2010 optrådte Bjonko bl.a. med sit liveband ved et kæmpe bryllup i Beirut, Libanon, hvor han spillede overfor 800 libanesiske bryllupsgæster.

I 2014 oprtrådte han sammen med den dansk-rumænske sangerinde Fallulah på deres fælles tour, "Fallulah goes Balkan feat. Bjonko", hvor de sammen bl.a. spillede i P3-teltet på Skanderborg Festivalen.

I sommeren 2016 optræder Bjonko for første gang ved den store internationale musikfestival "Ohrid Summer Festival", som finder sted i slutningen af juli i Ohrid, Makedonien.

 Reklamer og tv-serier

I 2014 dukkede Bjonko op i en række danske tv-reklamer for den amerikanske småkageproducent, Oreo, hvor han kort fremførte nummeret "Brzo Brzo" fra EP'en Majka Na Marika.

Samme år kunne man opleve Bjonko i den danske omdiskuterede dramaserie, "1864", skrevet af filminstruktøren Ole Bornedal.  Her optræder Bjonko som en del af et tilrejsende sigøjnerorkester, som søger arbejde på en gård, og i en af seriens scener underholder Bjonko med sin egen musik til en høstfest. Bjonko spiller bl.a. overfor skuespillerne Zlatko Burić, Pilou Asbæk, Jens Sætter-Lassen og Marie Søderberg.

 Nomineringer og priser

I 2014 ved DMA World var Bjonko nomineret med albummet Majka Na Marika i de to kategorier: "Årets Danske World Komponist" og "Årets Danske World Album".

Året efter, i 2015, vandt Bjonko prisen som "Årets Danske World Live Navn" ved DMA World.

 Diskografi
 Albumudgivelser
 The Cherry Tree is Pulled from its Roots (2007)
 Running Horses (2015)Army of Believers (2017)Colours in Motion (2019)Enigma (2021) EP-udgivelser
 1, 2, 3, 4! (2009)
 Crazy Kovacevo (2010)
 Majka Na Marika (2013)

 Singler
 "Karma" (2016) "Karma (Sljivo & Røg)" feat. Jooks (2016)"Melancholia" (2018)''
"Opa! feat. Jokeren" (2021)

Noter

Musikere fra Danmark

Bjonko


Kenji Baba (født 7. juli 1985) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Oita Trinita.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kenji Baba


An Epidendrum montis-narae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Franco Pupulin ngan Luis M. Sánchez. An Epidendrum montis-narae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Costa Rica. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epidendrum

Epidendrum montis-narae


Aimee Watson, née le  à Sydney, est une fondeuse australienne.

Biographie
Elle commence à skier à l'âge de trois ans à Cooma et la compétition à l'âge de quatorze ans, pour entrer en équipe nationale en 2003. Elle étudie ensuite à l'université de Sydney pour devenir vétérinaire.

Watson prend part aux Championnats du monde junior en 2004 et 2007, sans obtenir de résultat significatif.

Elle fait ses débuts dans la Coupe du monde en février 2008 à Liberec, puis aux Championnats du monde en 2009 à Liberec aussi, obtenant comme meilleur placement individuel une  sur le trente kilomètres. Malgré plusieurs departs en Coupe du monde en 2009 et 2010, elle n'est pas sélectionnée pour les Jeux olympiques à Vancouver. Sa première expérience dans l'élite a lieu en 2013, aux Championnats du monde à Val di Fiemme, puis aux Jeux olympiques en 2014 à Sotchi, prenant la  place au dix kilomètres et la  place au trente kilomètres, malgré une fracture au doigt de pied contracté avant la compétition.

En 2017, l'Australienne marque ses premiers points pour la Coupe du monde avec une  place sur le skiathlon à Pyeongchang. Aux Championnats du monde à Lahti, elle finit notamment  sur le skiathlon, soit son meilleur résultat dans un événement majeur.

En 2018, elle prend part à ses deuxièmes jeux olympiques à Pyeongchang, où ses résultats sont  du sprint classique et  du dix kilomètres libre.

Son frère Callum Watson est aussi un fondeur qui a participé aux Jeux olympiques.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques d'hiver

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Watson

Championnats du monde

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Watson
 DNS : inscrite, mais pas au départ

Coupe du monde
Meilleur classement général :  en 2017.
Meilleur résultat individuel : .

Classements en Coupe du monde

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1987
Naissance à Sydney
Fondeuse australienne
Fondeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2014
Fondeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2018
Étudiant de l'université de Sydney

Aimee Watson


«وودنت شينج آ ثينغ»  هي أغنية للفنانة الأسترالية كايلي مينوغ، وسجلتها على ثاني ألبوماتها إنجوي يورسلف (1989). والأغنية من تأليف فريق ستوك أيتكين واترمان، وتم إصدارها في 24 يوليو 1989 من قبل شركة PWL للتسجيلات. وكانت ثاني أغنية منفردة تصدر من الألبوم.

من ناحية الموسيقى، فهذه الأغنية تشبه أغاني مينوغ المنفردة السابقة، والتي تقع ضمن إطار بوب الرقص، مع آلات كالإيتار ومجموعة الطبول والدف. كما حققت الأغنية نجاحا متوسطا على القوائم، ووصلت المراكز العشرين الأولى في بلدان مثل أستراليا وفنلندا وفرنسا والمملكة المتحدة، في اقتربت من المراكز العشرين في نيوزيلندا.

قامت مينوغ بتأدية الأغنية في معظم جولاتها بما في ذلك ديسكو إن دريم / ذا هيتمان رودشو، جولة إنجوي يورسيلف، جولة ريذم أوف لاف، جولة ليتس غيت تو إت، وكان آخر مرة أدت في الأغنية كانت في جولة أو أ نايت لايك ذيس. كما أدتها على برنامج تلفزيوني خاص بعنوان الجمهور مع كايلي (2001(.

مراجع

أغان منفردة في 1989
أغاني 1989
أغاني كايلي مينوغ
أغان كتبها مات إيتكن

وودنت تشينج آ ثينغ


Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby ( 28 December 1898 – 19 August 1957) was a Swedish-born American meteorologist who first explained the large-scale motions of the atmosphere in terms of fluid mechanics. He identified and characterized both the jet stream and the long waves in the westerlies that were later named Rossby waves.

Biography
Carl-Gustaf Rossby was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He was the first of five children born to Arvid and Alma Charlotta (Marelius) Rossby. He attended Stockholm University, where he developed his first interest in mathematical physics.
Rossby came into meteorology and oceanography while studying geophysics under Vilhelm Bjerknes at the Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen in Bergen, Norway, during 1919, where Bjerknes' group was developing the groundbreaking concepts that became known as the Bergen School of Meteorology, including theory of the polar front.

He also studied at the University of Leipzig and at the Lindenberg Observatory (Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg) in Brandenburg where upper air measurements by kite and balloon were researched. In 1921 he returned to Stockholm to join the Meteorological and Hydrographic Office (which later became the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) where he served as a meteorologist on a variety of oceanographic expeditions. While ashore between expeditions, he studied mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm (Filosofie Licentiat, 1925).

In 1925 Rossby was granted a fellowship from the Sweden-America Foundation "to study the application of the polar front theory to American weather". In the U.S. Weather Bureau in Washington, DC, he combined theoretical work on atmospheric turbulence with the establishment of the first weather service for civil aviation. In 1928 he became associate professor in the Aeronautics Department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Shortly after this MIT launched the first department of meteorology in the US. In 1931 he also became a research associate at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. His interests during this time ranged over atmospheric thermodynamics, mixing and turbulence, and the interaction between oceans and the atmosphere.

On 9 January 1939 he became an American citizen and in that same year, assistant director of research at the U.S. Weather Bureau. His appointment as chair of the department of meteorology at the University of Chicago in 1940 began the period in which he turned his attention to large-scale atmospheric motions. He identified and characterized both the jet stream and Rossby waves in the atmosphere.

During World War II, Rossby organized the training of military meteorologists, recruiting many of them to his Chicago department in the post-war years where he began adapting his mathematical description of atmospheric dynamics to weather forecasting by electronic computer, having started this activity in Sweden using BESK. In 1947 he became founding director of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) in Stockholm, dividing his time between there, the University of Chicago and with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. After the war he visited an old friend Professor Hans Ertel in Berlin. Their cooperation led to the mathematical formulation of Rossby waves.

Between 1954 and his death in Stockholm in 1957, he championed and developed the field of atmospheric chemistry. His contributions to meteorology were noted in the December 17, 1956, issue of Time magazine. His portrait appeared on the cover of that issue, the first meteorologist on the cover of a major magazine. During this period he considered the effect of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its potential warming effect.

Selected works
The layer of frictional influence in wind and ocean currents  (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) – 1935
Weather estimates from local aerological data: A preliminary report  (Institute of Meteorology of the University of Chicago) – 1942
Kinematic and hydrostatic properties of certain long waves in the westerlies  (Institute of Meteorology of the University of Chicago)   – 1942

Honors
Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1934)
Elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1943)
Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences  (jointly with H. C. Willett) – Sylvanus Albert Reed Award  (1934)
Elected president of the American Meteorological Society (1944–45)
Elected member of the American Philosophical Society (1946)
Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences – Robert M. Losey Award  (1946)
Royal Meteorological Society – Symons Gold Medal (1953)
World Meteorological Organization – International Meteorological Organization Prize (1957)
American Meteorological Society – Applied Meteorology Award   (1959)

See also
 Rossby (crater)
 Rossby number
 Rossby parameter
 Rossby whistle
 Rossby-gravity waves
 Equatorial Rossby wave
 Rossby radius of deformation
 Rossby Wave Instability in Astrophysical Discs
 Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
Francis Reichelderfer

References

Other sources
 Horace R. Byers ─  Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby. 1898–1957. A Biographical Memoir (National Academy of Sciences)
Norman A. Phillips ─ Special Session Honoring the Centennial of the Birth of Carl-Gustaf A. Rossby  (American Meteorological Society)

Further reading

External links
Rossby Centre at SMHI
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal

1898 births
1957 deaths
Stockholm University alumni
University of Bergen alumni
Leipzig University alumni
Fluid dynamicists
Atmospheric chemists
Swedish meteorologists
American meteorologists
American oceanographers
Swedish emigrants to the United States
MIT School of Engineering faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the American Philosophical Society

Carl-Gustaf Rossby


Dirt er en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1991 instrueret af Per Flyvehavn efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Psyko poesi.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1991

Dirt (eksperimentalfilm)


Down Kontluğu (İrlandaca: Contae An Dúin, İskoçça: Coontie Doun) Kuzey İrlanda'da kontluk. Eski adı St. Mirren Kontluğudur. Yüzölçümü 2.448 km² nüfusu 516.000 kişidir. Kontluğun yönetim merkezi Downpatrick en büyük şehri ise Bangor'dur.
Kontluk ülkenin en doğu ve en güney yerlerine de sahiptir.

Dış bağlantılar
 White Image - Down Kontluğu Sanat Galerisi
 Down Kontluğu İnternet Sitesi
 Armagh ve Down Turizmi

Kuzey İrlanda'nın kontlukları

Down Kontluğu


Newman's Own is an American food company headquartered in Connecticut. Founded in 1982 by actor Paul Newman and author A. E. Hotchner, the company donates all of its after-tax profits to charity through Newman's Own Foundation, a private nonprofit foundation that supports child-focused programs.

History
The brand started in 1982 with a homemade salad dressing that Paul Newman and A. E. Hotchner prepared themselves and gave to friends as gifts. The successful reception of the salad dressing led Newman and Hotchner to commercialize it for sale, financing it with $20,000 each as seed money. Afterward, they also produced spaghetti sauce, lemonade, popcorn, fruit cocktail juices, frozen pizza, salsa, grape juice, and several other products. Newman's Own premium wines was launched in 2008. Each label features a picture of Newman, dressed in a different costume to represent the product.  The company incorporated humor into its label packaging, as in the label for its first salad dressing in 1982, "Fine Foods Since February". Many of the stories on the food labels were made up.

In 1993, Newman's daughter Nell Newman founded Newman's Own Organics as a division of the company, later to become a separate company in late 2001. It produced organic foods, including chocolate, cookies, pretzels and pet food. Her father posed with her for the photographs on the labels. In 2014, Nell's license with Newman's Own was not renewed, and Newman's Own Organics was transferred back to Newman's Own.

Newman and Hotchner co-wrote a memoir about their company and the Hole in the Wall Gang Camps, Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good (), published in 2003.  Newman and CEO Robert Forrester arranged for the continuation of the distribution of Newman's Own profits to charity after Newman's death through the establishment of the Newman's Own Foundation.

Following Newman's death in 2008, control of the company and foundation passed to CEO Robert Forrester. Since taking over, Forrester has expanded and diversified the company. Newman's daughter, Susan, has alleged that Forrester had taken her family "hostage" and pushed them off the board of the Newman's Own Foundation, the body set up to distribute company profits to charitable causes. Forrester said that the company and foundation are continuing to be operated in accordance with the late Paul Newman's expressed wishes. Forrester's salary increased from $185,000 to $295,000 from 2010 to 2013. Forrester was fired in 2019 as a result of an internal review following allegations of inappropriate behavior, and the board appointed Jennifer Smith Turner as interim president and CEO. In January 2020, Dr. Miriam Nelson took over those roles, and the board finalized the positions in January 2021.

Charitable funding and beneficiaries
According to the Newman's Own Foundation website, over $600 million has been generated for charity since 1982. In 2016, the company donated profits of $30 million after gross sales of $600 million. The company co-sponsored the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, which was presented annually to a United States resident who had fought courageously, despite adversity, to safeguard the First Amendment right to freedom of expression as it applied to the written word.

A sampling of grantees is available at the Newman's Own Foundation website along with a description of funding areas.  One beneficiary of this charity is the SeriousFun Children's Network (previously the Association of Hole in the Wall Camps), residential summer camps and programs for seriously ill children, which Newman co-founded in 1988. Today, there are camps, programs, and initiatives operating across five continents. Over 1.5 million camp experiences have been provided to children and families free of charge.  While proceeds from Newman's Own helped finance the startup of the first camp, the network and its member camps now receive funding from many other sources. Additionally, Newman's Own Foundation also provided a grant to The MINDS Foundation to fund US operations of the non-profit that works in rural India. Other beneficiaries of the profits from Newman's Own have included The New York Times Neediest Cases Fund (from 1983 onwards), Shining Hope for Communities, Safe Water Network, Edible Schoolyard NYC, Fisher House Foundation, the WILD Young Women Programme (New Zealand), and Pilgrims Hospices (UK).

References

Further reading

External links

Newman's Own Foundation

Food manufacturers of the United States
Food and drink companies established in 1982
Salad dressings
Social enterprises
Food and drink companies based in Connecticut
Companies based in Westport, Connecticut
1982 establishments in Connecticut
Condiment companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in Connecticut

Newman's Own


An Vasqueziella boliviana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Dodson. An Vasqueziella boliviana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vasqueziella, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Vasqueziella

Vasqueziella boliviana


මිළින්ද පඤ්හ (පාලි පරි. "මිලින්දගේ ප්‍රශ්න") යනු ක්‍රි. පූ. 100 දී පමණ ලියවුණැයි සැලකෙන බෞද්ධ ග්‍රන්ථයකි. මෙය බුරුම ත්‍රිපිටකයේ ඛුද්දක නිකායට අයත් වන අතර තායි හෝ පාලි ත්‍රිපිටකයන්ට අයත් නොවේ. තර්කයෙහි අතිශය දක්ෂ නාගසේන තෙරුන්ගේ ප්‍රශ්න විසර්ජන ශක්තිය සහ මිලින්ද (මිලිඳු/මෙනැන්ඩර්) රජතුමාගේ ප්‍රශ්න විචාරණ ශක්තිය මින් මැනවින් පිළිඹිබු කොට ඇත.

මිළිඳු නාගසේන සංවාදය මනඃ කල්පිත ප්‍රබන්ධයක් නොවන අතර එය සැබෑ සිදුවීමකි. නමුත් සංවාදය සිදු වී කලකට පසුව ග්‍රන්ථාරූඪ කළ බැව් සැලකිය හැකිය.

ඉතිහාසය
බුදු රජාණන්වහන්සේ ගේ පරිනිර්වාණයෙන් සිව්වන හා පස්වන සියවස් අතර මිලිඳු නම් බලවත් රජෙක් පශ්චිම භාරතයේ විශාල ප්‍රදේශයක් පාලනය කළේය. ඔහු ග්‍රීක ජාතිකයෙකි. එම රජතුමා නාගසේන නම් මහ රහතන් වහන්සේ නමක් වෙත එළඹ තමන් නොදත් සැක තැන් විමසා දැන ගෙන බුදු සසුනෙහි පැහැදී උන් වහන්සේ ළඟ මහණ වී කෙළෙසුන් නසා රහත් බවට පත් විය. මිළිඳු රජතුමා සහ නාගසේන තෙරුන් වහන්සේ යන දෙදෙනාගේ ධර්ම සංවාදය සංස්කෘත බසින් ලේඛනය කොට පරපුරෙන් පරපුරට ගෙනැවිත් පසු කාලයක දී ශුද්ධ මාගධී භාෂාවට නඟා මහා ධර්ම ග්‍රන්ථයක් රචනා කළ අතර එය මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය නමින් ප්‍රකටව පවතී.

අතීත කතාව
කාශ්‍යප බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේගේ කාලයේදී එක්තරා විහාරස්ථානයක බොහෝ භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේලා වැඩ වාසය කළහ. එක් භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේ කෙනෙකු මළුව හැමද, සාමණේරයන් වහන්සේ නමක් අමතා තමන් ඇමදූ කැළිකසල ඉවත ගෙන ගොස් දමන්නැයි පැවසුවේය. නමුත් සාමණේරයන් වහන්සේ නොඇසූ කන්ව සිටියේය. භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේ දෙවන හා තෙවන වරද කැළිකසල ඉවත් කරන්නැයි පැවසුව ද සාමණේරයන් එය ඉටු කරනු නොකළේය.

එවිට ඒ භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේ මේ නොකීකරු සාමණේරයෙකැයි කිපී හික්මවනු පිණිස මුෂ්ටි පහරක් එල්ල කළේය. පහර කෑ ඉක්බිති සාමණේරයන් වහන්සේ භයින් තැතිගෙන හඬ හඬා කුණුගොඩ ඉවත ගෙන ගොස් දමමින්, "මම මේ කසල බැහැර දැමුවා වූ කුසල කර්මයෙන් නිවන් දකිනා තුරාවට උපනුපන් ජාතියෙහි මහේශාක්‍ය, මහත් තේජස් ඇත්තෙක් වෙම්වා"යි ප්‍රාර්ථනා කළේය.

අනතුරුව දිය නා ගනු පිණිස ගංතොටට යන සාමණේරයන් වහන්සේ ගී රාවයක් වන් වූ ගංගාවෙහි රළ වේගය දැක, "නිවන් දකිනා ජාතිය දක්වා උපනුපන් ආත්මයෙහි, මේ ක්ෂය නොවන රළ වේගය මෙන් ස්ථානෝචිත ප්‍රඥාව සහ ක්ෂය නොවන ප්‍රඥාව ඇති වෙම්වා"යි ප්‍රාර්ථනා කළේය. මේ අතරතුර ජල ස්නානය පිණිස පැමිණෙන, මළුව හැමදූ භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේ සාමණේරයන් වහන්සේගේ ප්‍රාර්ථනාව අසා "මොහුට මා කුණු දමන්නට කියූ පමණින් මෙවැනි ප්‍රාර්ථනා කරන කල්හි මට කුමක් නොවනු ඇති ද" යි සිතා "නිර්වාණය කරා එළඹෙන තෙක් පවත්නා සියළු ජාතින් හි දී මේ ගංගාවෙහි රළ වේගය මෙන් ක්ෂය නොවන්නා වූ අප්‍රමාණ ප්‍රඥාවෙන් යුක්ත වෙම්වා යි, මොහු විසින් විචාළ විචාළ සියළු ප්‍රශ්න කථාවන් නිරවුල් කරන්නට, වෙළුම් හරණට සමර්ථ වෙම්වා" යි කියා ප්‍රාර්ථනා කළහ.

මෙසේ ප්‍රාර්ථනා කළ ඒ භික්ෂු-සාමණේර දෙදෙනා වහන්සේ දිව්‍යලෝකයෙහි ද මනුෂ්‍ය ලෝකයෙහි ද සැරිසරා එක් බුද්ධාන්තරයක් ගෙවා නැවත ඔවුන් දෙදෙනා වහන්සේගෙන් සාමණේර තෙම ජම්බුද්වීපයේ යොන්රට සාගල නම් නුවර මිළිඳු නම් රජ විය.

මිලින්ද රජු
ක්‍රි.පූ. 232 දී ධර්මාශෝක රජුගේ අභාවය සිදු වීමත් සමඟ මෞර්ය අධිරාජ්‍යය බිඳ වැටුණේය. පුෂ්පමිත්‍ර නම් සෙන්පතියෙකු විසින් අශෝක රජුගේ මුණුබුරු බ්‍රහත් රථ මරා මෞර්ය රාජවංශය මුලිනුපුටා දැමීය. මේ අතරවාරයේ දී සිදු වූ දේශපාලන කලබල නිසා දඹදිව කුඩා රාජ්‍ය ගණනාවකට බෙදී ගියේ ය.

එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස චන්ද්‍රගුප්ත රජු ගේ කාලයේ දී ඉන්දියාව අත හැර ගිය ග්‍රීකයෝ වයඹ දිග ඉන්දියාවෙන් නැවත පැමිණෙන්නට වූහ. ඒ අනුව ක්‍රි.පූ. 200 දී පමණ යුතෙඩමස් නම් ග්‍රීක රජු ඇෆ්ඝනිස්තානයේ කොටසක් ද ඉන්පසු යුක්‍රටසිස් ග්‍රීක රජු සාගල නුවර ද යටත් කර ගත්හ. යුක්‍රටසිස් රජුගෙන් පසු වයඹ දිග ඉන්දියාව පාලනය කළේ මිනෙන්ඩර් හෙවත් මිළිඳු රජතුමා ය. ඔහු අවුරුදු විස්සක් සාගල රාජ්‍යය පාලනය කළේය. සිංහල, පාලි හා සංස්කෘත ග්‍රන්ථවල ග්‍රීක ජාතිකයන්ව යොන්, යෝන, යෝනක හා යවන ආදී නම් වලින් හඳුන්වා ඇත.

මිළිඳු රජතුමා තීක්ෂණ බුද්ධිමත් පඬිවරයෙකු විය. ඔහු යමක් ඇසීමෙන් පමණක් එය පිළිගත්තෙක් නොවේ. තර්කානුකූලව විමසා බලා පිරික්සා පිළිගැනීම ඔහුගේ සිරිත විය. මිලිඳු රජුගේ නම සඳහන් කාසි විස්සක් පමණ සොයාගෙන ඇත. ඔහුගේ රාජ්‍යය ගංගා නදී තිරයේ පටන් නර්මදා නදිය දක්වා පැතිර පැවතිණි.

මිළිඳු රජුගේ නුවණ කෙබඳු වී දැයි, පූජ්‍ය හීනටිකුඹුරේ සුමංගල හිමියන් විසින් පාලියෙන් සිංහලයට නගන ලද වාක්‍ය ඛණ්ඩයක මෙසේ දැක්වේ.

නාගසේන හිමි
නාගසේන හිමියෝ පරවාද මථනය (අනුනගේ තර්ක බිඳලීම) සඳහා තර්කයට වඩා අලංකාර ශාස්ත්‍රයම උපයෝගී කරගෙන ඇත. සම්මතය සනාත කිරීමෙහි ලා උපමාවන්ගේ හා නිදර්ශනයගේ අවශ්‍යතාවය ගැන අවධානය යොමු කර ඇත.

සිංහල මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය
සිංහල මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය පළමු වරට මුද්‍රණයෙන් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් වූයේ බු.ව. 2428 දී කොටහේනේ සර්වඥ ශාසනාභිවෘද්ධි දායක මුද්‍රණාලයෙනි. එහි දෙවන පිටුවෙහි මොහොට්ටිවත්තේ ගුණානන්ද උන්නාන්සේ වන මා විසින් 2422 දුරුතු මස පුර දසවක ලත් තිථිය ලත් ගුරු දින කොළඹ දී යැයි සඳහන් වේ.

මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය කොටස් තුනකින් සමන්විතය. පළමු කොටස වර්ග හෙවත් පරිච්ඡේද හතකින් යුක්තය. දෙවන කොටස හස්සප්පවේදී චෛත්‍යන්ධි අති බුද්ධි විචක්ඛණෝ යනාදී ගාථාවෙන් අවසන් වෙයි. තුන්වන කොටස උපමා කථා ප්‍රශ්න නමින් හැඳින්වෙන අතර එය වර්ග පහකට බෙදා ඇත. මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය කාණ්ඩ හයකින් සහ වර්ග (පරිච්ඡේද) විසි දෙකකින් යුතු බව සහ ප්‍රශ්න 262 ක් අන්තර්ගත වන බවත් ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි නො ආ ප්‍රශ්න හතලිස් දෙකක් ඇති බවත් ඒ සියල්ල එක්කොට මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නයේ ප්‍රශ්න 304 ක් වූ බවත් දැක්වෙන ඡේදයක් ඇති නමුත් එසේ මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නයට ඇතුළත් නොවූ ප්‍රශ්න හතළිස් දෙක කවරේදැයි පැහැදිලි නැත.

මූලාශ්‍ර
 Hinüber, Oskar von (1996/2000). A Handbook of Pāli Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-016738-7.
 Winternitz, Moritz. History of Indian Literature.

බාහිර සබැඳුම්
 සිංහල මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය
The Questions of King Milinda, translated by Thomas William Rhys Davids.   at Sacred-texts.com.
The Debate of King Milinda, Most Recent HTML and PDF Editions.
The Debate of King Milinda, Abridged Edition. Bhikkhu Pesala.  Hosted at BuddhaNet.
Milindapañha - Selected passages in both Pali and English, translated by John Kelly

Greco-Buddhism
Pāli Buddhist texts
Khuddaka Nikaya
Indo-Greeks

මිලින්ද ප්‍රශ්නය


Şehnâme veya Şahnâme (Farsça: شاهنامه), Firdevsî'nin eski İran efsaneleri üzerine kurulu manzum destanıdır. İran edebiyatının en büyük eserlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. 977 ila 1010 arasında yazılmıştır. 60.000 beyit civarında hacime sahiptir. Tek şair tarafından yazılan en uzun epik şiirlerdendir.

İçerik
Şehnâme, tarih öncesi zamanlardan başlayıp Sasani İmparatorluğu sonuna dek tüm eski İran krallarını inceler. Bunlar; Keyûmers (Orta Farsça:Kayômart), Hōşeng, Tahmûrâs, Cemşid, Zahhak, Feridūn, Menûçehr, Key Kubad, Key Kâvus, Key Hüsrev, Bahman, Dārā (III. Darius), Iskandar (Büyük İskender), I. Ardeşir, I. Şapur, I. Hürmüz, V. Behram, I. Hüsrev, III. Yezdigirt gibi krallar, ana tema Zabulistan prensi efsanevi kahramanı Rostam (Rüstem), Esfandiār (Goštāsp'ın oğlu) ve Afrāsiab gibi kahramanları ve suçluları içerir.

İranlıların Turanlılarla olan mücadeleleri İranlı hissiyatı ile yazılmıştır. Türkler'in İran'a göçleri ve hâkim olmaları sonrasında İranlıları onurlandırmak için Gazneli Mahmud'un teşviki ile kendisi de bir İranlı olan Tuslu Firdevs tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Eserde geçen olaylar çoğunlukla İranlı Yunus ile Turan kralı Efrasiyab arasındaki epik çekişmeler şeklindedir. Şeytani güçleri olan Turan kralı Efrasiyab aslında gerçek bir tarihi kişilik olan Alper Tunga'dır.

Rivayete göre, Gazneli, sarayında Firdevsî'ye tarihî, efsanevî birçok resimlerle; av ve savaş silahlarıyla süslenmiş mükemmel bir mekân tahsis etmiştir. Firdevsî bunlardan esinlenmiş, özellikle ıssız bağlarda, zümrüt kırlarda gezerek; çimler ve serviler altında oturarak; suların çağıltısını, bülbüllerin ötüşünü dinleyerek bu destanı kaleme almıştır.
Edebiyat ve tarih yetkeleri tarafından destan olarak nitelendirilen Şehnâme'nin içeriğinde masalımsı bir hava da sezilir. Bununla birlikte Şehnâme'de mitolojik unsurlar da bir hayli fazladır. Hemen hemen her milletin edebiyatında o milletin tarihiyle ilgili bilgiler veren anlatılar mevcuttur. Söz gelimi; Türk milleti; Oğuz Kağan, Türeyiş ve Göç Destanı gibi, olayları kesin olarak bilinmeyen zamanlarda meydana gelmiş birçok anlatıya sahiptir. Sümerlere ait Gılgamış, Ruslara ait İgor, Britanyalılara ait Kral Arthur, Finlere ait Kalevala, Hintlere ait Ramayana, Antik Yunanlara ait İliada ve Odysseia destanları buna dair başlıca örneklerdir.

El yazmalarındaki resimler
Belgelenmiş Šāh-nāma'nın resimli el yazmaları İlhanlılar döneminde (1256 - 1353) tarihleri arasında yazılmış ve böylece farklı bir edebi eser oluşturulmuştur.

Etkileri
Şehnâme'nin Firdevsî tarafından 10. yüzyıl'ın sonunda kaleme alınmasından sonra, Doğu edebiyatlarında Şehnâme yazma geleneği başlamıştır. Pek çok şair, Şehnâme kahramanları etrafında oluşturdukları müstakil eserlerle bu geleneğin yerleşmesini ve devamını sağlamıştır.
Türk edebiyatında, Arapça ve Farsça tercümelere dayalı hikâyeler anlatan meddah tipindeki hikâyecilere Firdevsî'nin Şehnâme'sinden hareketle "Şehnâme-hân (Şehnâme anlatıcısı)" denildiği de görülmektedir. Evliya Çelebi de, Şehnâme'nin Bursa içindeki kahvelerde meddahlar tarafından ezberden okunduğunu anlatır.

Osmanlı şairlerinin bu gelenekten oldukça etkilendikleri görülür. Özellikle Divan edebiyatının kuruluş ve gelişme yıllarında bu etki oldukça üst düzeydedir. Şiirde övülen kişiler Şehnâme kahramanlarıyla karşılaştırılmış; bu beyitlerin anlamsal kurguları, yine onlara telmihlerde bulunularak oluşturulmuştur.

Şehnâme'nin Divan edebiyatı üzerindeki etkisi bununla sınırlı kalmamıştır. Bazı şairler, Şehnâme'yi manzum veya mensur olarak dönemin Türkçesine aktarmışlardır. Doğu kültürüne ait kimi mitolojik ögeler, imgesel değerleriyle, her devir Türk şiirine kaynak teşkil etmiştir. Özellikle Şehnâme'den etkilenme ve Şehnâmenin kahramanlarından esinlenme, Klasik Türk edebiyatı içerisinde daha yoğun olarak hissedilmekle birlikte; Türk halk edebiyatının çeşitli anlatım türlerinde (destan, masal, efsane vb.), Türk halk şiirinin içeriğinde ve çağdaş Türk şiirinde de sıkça karşılaşılan bir olgudur.

Şehnâme, tarihte yaşandığı kabul edilen İran-Turan savaşlarına ve ilişkilerine ışık tutması bakımından da önemli bir kaynaktır. Firdevsî'nin zaman zaman övdüğü, zaman zaman da kendi milletini yüceltme adına küçümsediği Efrasiyâb'ın İskit destan kahramanı olduğu pek çok kaynakta belirtilmektedir.

14. yüzyılın sonununda, her nasılsa, Firdevsî epiği, yerini çoğu kez daha kısa benzetme epiklere bırakmıştır. Çoğunlukla "ikinci" veya "son" olarak tanımlanan epikler ki bunlar Garšāsp-nāma, Borzu-nāma, Bahman-nāma ve Sām-nāma gibi epikler dahil edilir.

Türkçe çeviriler
 En eski Şehnâme'nin Türkçe çevirisi, belirsiz bir yazar tarafından 1450-51 yılları arasında, Sultan II. Murad'ın (salt. 1421-51) Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde yapılmıştır.
 İkinci çevirisi, Ḥüseyin bin Ḥasan Şerif (ö. 1514) (Şerifi bin Āmed olarak da bilinir) tarafından yapılmıştır. Ḥüseyin bin Ḥasan Şerif çeviriyi son Mamluk sultanı Kansu Gavri (Qānṣawh Ḡawri)'nin emri üzerine 1510 yılında Kahire'de tamamlamış, tam çevirisi on yılını almıştır.
 Başka bir çevirisi de 17. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Derviş Hasan tarafından Sultan II. Osman için yapılmıştır.

Notlar

Kaynakça
 Dr. Bekir Şişman - Dr. Muhammet Kuzubaş; Şehnâme'nin Türk Kültür ve Edebiyatına Etkileri,Ötüken Yayınları, İstanbul 2007.

Ayrıca bakınız

Şehnâme
Dünya Belleği Kütüğü

Şehnâme


Boris Ulrich (født 10. august 1931 i Zagreb, død 21. juni 1983 i Münster, Tyskland) var en kroatisk komponist, pianist og dirigent.

Ulrich hører til nyere tids mest betydende kroatiske moderne komponister inden for klassisk musik. Han studerede komposition og klaver på Musikakademiet i Zagreb. Ulrich har skrevet to symfonier, to klaverkoncerter, orkesterværker, kammermusik, balletmusik, korværker, filmmusik og stykker for klaver etc. Han var også chefproducent og radiotekniker på Kroatisk Radio.

Udvalgte værker

 Symfoni "Vespers" (1974) - for kammergruppe og orkester
 "Folkelig" Symfoni (1980) - for orkester

Eksterne henvisninger
 om Boris Ulrich på www.musicweb-International.com
 om Boris Ulrich på sh.wikipedia.org

Komponister fra Kroatien
Pianister fra Tyskland
Dirigenter fra Tyskland
Personer fra Zagreb

Boris Ulrich


Douglass Greybill Adair (5 de março de 1912 - 2 de maio de 1968) foi um historiador norte-americano especializado em história intelectual. Ele é mais conhecido por seu trabalho em pesquisar a autoria de números contestados de The Federalist Papers e seus estudos influentes na história e influência do republicanismo nos Estados Unidos durante o final do século XVIII e início do XIX - a era do Iluminismo. Seu ensaio mais famoso, "Fame and the Founding Fathers", introduziu a busca da fama como uma nova motivação para entender as ações dos Framers.

Carreira
Adair ensinou na Universidade de Princeton, no College of William and Mary e na Claremont Graduate School. De 1944 a 1955, Adair foi o principal no lançamento, edição e publicação da terceira série do William and Mary Quarterly, que se tornou o principal jornal no campo da história americana inicial. Adair contribuiu com muitos artigos influentes para o Quarterly, incluindo seu ensaio clássico de duas partes, "The Authorship of the Disputed Federalist Papers" e "The Tenth Federalist Revisited". Ele também escreveu muitas resenhas de livros, mostrando seu domínio do ofício de revisar e estabelecer um padrão para o campo.

Historiadores dos Estados Unidos

Douglass Adair


Akçabey, Zonguldak ilinin Devrek ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Zonguldak il merkezine 95 km, Devrek ilçe merkezine 33 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Devrek belde ve köyleri

Akçabey, Devrek


Madagaskar deltog første gang i olympiske lege under Sommer-OL 1964 i Tokyo, og har deltaget i alle efterfølgende sommerlege undtaget Sommer-OL 1976 i Montréal og Sommer-OL 1988 i Seoul. Deres hidtil eneste deltagelse i vinterlege var under Vinter-OL 2006 i Torino. Madagaskar har aldrig vundet nogen medalje.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Madagaskars OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

OL

Madagaskar ved OL


Kavalye ilçesi (), Arnavutluk'un ilçelerinden biriydi. İlçe, ülkenin batısında yer almaktaydı. 1992-2000 yılları arasında Tiran ilinin bir parçası olup 2000 yılında yapılan idari düzenleme sonucunda idari olarak lağvedilmiştir. Yüzölçümü 400,8 km² olan ilçenin nüfusu 2010 yılı itibarı ile 62.242'dir. İlçenin merkezi kendisi ile aynı adı taşıyan Kavalye idi.

Kavalye ilçesi, Golem, Gosa, Helmas, Kavalye, Kryevidh, Lekaj, Luz i Vogël, Rrogozhina, Sinaballaj ve Synej belediyelerine ayrılmaktaydı.

Kaynakça

Arnavutluk'un ilçeleri

Kavalye (ilçe)


Les Libertines est un film policier érotique hispano-italo-français réalisé par Pierre Chenal et sorti en 1970.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

 Titre original français : Les Libertines ou Les Belles au bois dormant ou Les Belles au bois dormantes
 Titre italien :
 Titre espagnol :  ou
 Réalisateur : Pierre Chenal (sous le nom de « Dave Young »)
 Scénario : Antoine Tudal, André Cerf, Pierre Chenal
 Photographie : Juan Gelpí
 Montage : Madeleine Bibollet
 Musique : Armand Seggian
 Décors : Juan Alberto Soler
 Maquillage : Hipólita López
 Production : Raymond Danon, Roland Girard, Jean Bolvary, Franco Clementi, Alfonso Balcázar
 Société de production : Lira Films (Tunis) • Ascot Cineraid (Rome) • Balcázar Producciones Cinematográficas (Barcelone)
 Société de distribution : Les Films Fernand Rivers (France)
 Pays de production :  •  •
 Langue de tournage : français
 Format : Couleur par Eastmancolor - 1,37:1 - Son mono - 35 mm
 Durée : 85 minutes ()
 Genre : Film policier érotique
 Dates de sortie :
 Italie :
 France :
 Espagne :

Distribution
 Marisa Mell : Isabelle
 Robert Hossein : Serge Belaïeff
 Ettore Manni : Le docteur Henri Delmas
 Robert Dalban : Mario
 Alberto Dalbés (sous le nom d'« Albert Dalbes ») : Philippe
 Albert Minski : Lucas
 Ellen Bahl : Irène
 Krista Nell (sous le nom de « Christa Nell ») : Christine
 Sabine Sun : Judith
 Manuel de Blas : Jean-Marie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film italien sorti en 1970
Film français sorti en 1970
Film espagnol sorti en 1970
Film policier espagnol
Film policier français
Film policier italien
Film érotique espagnol
Film érotique italien
Film érotique français
Film érotique des années 1970
Film réalisé par Pierre Chenal
Film de Balcázar Producciones Cinematográficas
Film en français
Film italien tourné en français
Film espagnol tourné en français
Film tourné à Barcelone
Film tourné à Senlis (Oise)

Les Libertines


T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 ist ein Oberflächenprotein.

Eigenschaften
CD5 ist vermutlich an der Regulation der Zellteilung von T-Zellen beteiligt. CD5 ist glykosyliert, phosphoryliert und besitzt Disulfidbrücken.

Weblinks

Protein

CD5


An Amorphophallus lanuginosus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Wilbert Leonard Anna Hetterscheid. An Amorphophallus lanuginosus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Amorphophallus, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an duro.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Amorphophallus

Amorphophallus lanuginosus


Crepidomanes, biljni rod iz porodice tankolistovki (Hymenophyllaceae), dio je razreda Polypodiopsida ili papratnica.

Pripada mu 55 vrste raširenih u paleotropima i Pacifiku.

Vrste

 Crepidomanes africanum (Christ) Ebihara & Dubuisson
 Crepidomanes aphlebioides (Christ) I. M. Turner
 Crepidomanes assimilis (Mett.) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes asynkii (Racib.) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes barnardianum (Bailey) Tind.
 Crepidomanes bilabiatum (Nees ex Blume) Copel.
 Crepidomanes bilobatum (Alderw.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes bonapartei (C. Chr.) J. P. Roux
 Crepidomanes brevipes (C. Presl) Copel.
 Crepidomanes brooksii (Copel.) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes campanulatum (Roxb.) Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh
 Crepidomanes chevalieri (Christ) Ebihara & Dubuisson
 Crepidomanes christii (Copel.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes clarenceanum (Ballard) Pic. Serm.
 Crepidomanes draytonianum (Brack.) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes fallax (Christ) Ebihara & Dubuisson
 Crepidomanes frappieri (Cordem.) J. P. Roux
 Crepidomanes gracilis (Bosch) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes grande (Copel.) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes humile (G. Forst.) Bosch
 Crepidomanes inopinatum (Pic. Serm.) J. P. Roux
 Crepidomanes intermedium (Bosch) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes intramarginale (C. Presl) C. Presl
 Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley
 Crepidomanes kurzii (Bedd.) Tagawa & K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes latealatum (Bosch) Copel.
 Crepidomanes latemarginale (D. C. Eaton) Copel.
 Crepidomanes liukiuense (Y. Yabe) K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes longilabiatum (Bonap.) J. P. Roux
 Crepidomanes majorae (Watts) Wakef.
 Crepidomanes makinoi (C. Chr.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes megistostomum (Copel.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes melanotrichum (Schltdl.) J. P. Roux
 Crepidomanes mettenii (C. Chr.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
 Crepidomanes novoguineense (Brause) Parris
 Crepidomanes paniculatum (Alderw.) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes parvifolium (Baker) K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes parvulum (Poir.) Nivart, Senterre & Dubuisson
 Crepidomanes powellii (Baker) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes pseudonymanii Hosok.
 Crepidomanes ramitrichum (Faden) Beentje
 Crepidomanes rothertii (Alderw.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes rupicola (Racib.) Copel.
 Crepidomanes samoense (C. Chr.) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes samoensis (Copel.) comb. ined.
 Crepidomanes sarawakense K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes saxifragoides (C. Presl) P. S. Green
 Crepidomanes schmidianum (Zenker ex Taschner) K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes shenzhenense Wang Hui & X. Yun Wang
 Crepidomanes teysmannii (Bosch) Parris
 Crepidomanes thysanostomum (Makino) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
 Crepidomanes trinerve (Copel. ex G. Kunkel) Dubuisson & Ebihara
 Crepidomanes vitiense (Baker) Bostock
 Crepidomanes walleri (Watts) Tind.

Izvori

Tankolistovke

Crepidomanes


An Ophrys paphosiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Helmut Baumann ngan Siegfried Künkele. An Ophrys paphosiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ophrys, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Cyprus. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ophrys

Ophrys paphosiana


Die Pendulum Øer sind eine grönländische Inselgruppe im Nordost-Grönland-Nationalpark.

Geografie
Die Inselgruppe aus Sabine Ø (Sabine-Insel), Lille Pendulum (Kleine Pendulum-Insel), Bass Rock und Hvalrosø (Walross-Insel) liegt in der Grönlandsee. Sie ist der Halbinsel Wollaston Forland nordöstlich vorgelagert und bildet die südliche Begrenzung der Hochstetterbugten. Vom Festland ist sie durch die Claveringstrædet getrennt. Zwischen den beiden Hauptinseln, Sabine Ø und Lille Pendulum, verläuft die Pendulumstrædet, in der sich weitere kleine Felseilande befinden. Die Inseln haben eine Gesamtfläche von etwa 210,5 km².

Die Oberfläche der Inseln besteht aus Sedimentgesteinen der Kreidezeit und großen Mengen basaltischer Gesteine. Die Pflanzendecke ist spärlich und größere Landsäugetiere wie Moschusochsen selten. Meeressäuger und Seevögel profitieren dagegen von der Sirius-Water-Polynja, die gewöhnlich von der 30 km nördlich gelegenen Insel Shannon bis Hvalrosø reicht. Besonders auf Hvalrosø gibt es große Vogelkolonien.

Geschichte
Die Pendulum Øer waren seit mehreren Tausend Jahren zunächst von der Independence I- und später von der Dorset- und der Thule-Kultur besiedelt. Wohnstätten, die der Thule-Kultur zuzurechnen sind, wurden auf den beiden Hauptinseln und auf Hvalrosø gefunden. Als die ersten Europäer die Inseln betraten, waren diese aber schon verlassen.

Die Entdeckung und Namensgebung der Inselgruppe durch Europäer datiert auf den August 1823. Edward Sabine führte auf der Sternwartenhalbinsel (Observatoriehalvø) im Südosten der Sabine-Insel Schwerefeldmessungen mit dem Sekundenpendel durch, während Kapitän Douglas Clavering auf der HMS Griper die Inseln kartierte.

1869–1870 überwinterte die von Carl Koldewey geleitete Zweite Deutsche Nordpolar-Expedition mit dem Schraubendampfer Germania in Germaniahavn von Sabine Ø. Von hier aus unternahmen die Expeditionsteilnehmer, allen voran Julius Payer, ausgedehnte Bootsfahrten und Hundeschlittenreisen zur Erforschung und Kartierung der angrenzenden Küsten.

1899 sandte die schwedische Regierung auf Anregung Fridtjof Nansens das Expeditionsschiff Antarctic nach Ostgrönland. Ziel der unter Leitung von Alfred Gabriel Nathorst stehenden Expedition war die Suche nach Salomon August Andrée, der 1897 mit zwei Begleitern versucht hatte, den Nordpol mit einem Wasserstoffballon zu erreichen, und seitdem verschollen war. Am 6. Juli ging die Antarctic vor Lille Pendulum vor Anker, fand auf der Insel aber keine Anzeichen dafür, dass Andrée hier gewesen wäre. Als Nächstes wurde Hvalrosø angelaufen und ein großes Depot für Otto Sverdrups zweite Fram-Expedition angelegt, die 1898 mit einer Umrundung Grönlands begonnen hatte. Anschließend wurde auch die Sabine Ø besucht.

1901 wurde auf Bass Rock eine Depothütte für die Baldwin-Ziegler-Nordpol-Expedition angelegt. Nach dem Scheitern der Expedition wurde das Depot 1905 noch einmal aufgefrischt, um nunmehr der Fiala-Ziegler-Expedition zur Verfügung zu stehen, die den Ort aber auch nicht erreichte. Die auf Bass Rock hinterlegten Lebensmittel und Kohlevorräte sicherten schließlich das Überleben von Ejnar Mikkelsen und Iver Iversen (1884–1968), die auf der Suche nach dem verschollenen Leiter der Danmark-Expedition, Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen, 1910/11 auf Shannon und 1911/12 auf Bass Rock überwinterten.

1926 besuchte die Cambridge-Ostgrönland-Expedition unter Leitung von James Wordie Sabine Ø und wiederholte die Pendelexperimente Sabines von 1823.

1942 landete im Rahmen des "Unternehmens Holzauge" eine deutsche Wehrmachtseinheit in der Hansa Bugt an der Ostküste von Sabine Ø. Hier betrieb sie eine Wetterstation, wurde jedoch am 11. März 1943 von einer dänischen Schlittenpatrouille entdeckt und in ein Gefecht verwickelt. US-amerikanische B-24-Bomber zerstörten die Station am 25. Mai 1943.

Im Rahmen des GeoArk-Projekts, eines interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts des Dänischen Nationalmuseums und des Instituts für Geographie und Geologie der Universität Kopenhagen, wurde unter Leitung von Bjarne Grønnow zwischen 2003 und 2009 mehrmals archäologische Feldforschung in Germaniahavn und auf Hvalrosø betrieben. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf der Ausgrabung und Erforschung von Fundstätten der Thule-Kultur.

Einzelnachweise

Inselgruppe (Grönland)
Inselgruppe (Arktischer Ozean)
Nordost-Grönland-Nationalpark

Pendulum Øer


Nordre Ringvej er en to sporet ringvej der går igennem Kolding. Vejen er en del af sekundærrute, 191 der går fra Kolding til Esbjerg, og er med til at lede trafikken uden om Kolding Centrum, så byen ikke bliver belastet af så meget gennemkørende trafik.

Vejen forbinder Vejlevej i vest med Fynsvej i øst, og har forbindelse til Koldingbjerg, Slotssøvejen, Frydsvej, Skovvangen, Skovbrynet, Marielundsvej og Gammel Kongevej.

Nordre Ringvej var den første omfartsvej, der etableredes i Kolding. Vejen skulle tage den gennemgående øst-vest-trafik fra Snoghøj til Esbjerg. Ved Snoghøj var lillebæltsbroen åbnet i 1935. Vejen anlagdes på den nedlagte Egtvedbanes sporterræn. Egtvedbanen var blevet lukket i 1930 på grund af privatbanens dårlige økonomi. Vejen blev åbnet for trafik i 1939.

Kildehenvisninger

Gader i Kolding
Ringveje i Danmark

Nordre Ringvej (Kolding)


Green Haven bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Green Haven (Maryland)
 Green Haven (Michigan)
 Green Haven (New York)

Weiteres:
 Green Haven Correctional Facility, Hochsicherheitsgefängnis in New York

Green Haven


Three on a Match  é um filme pre-Code estadunidense de 1932, do gênero drama criminal, dirigido por Mervyn LeRoy, e estrelado por Joan Blondell, Warren William, Ann Dvorak e Bette Davis. A produção também conta com Lyle Talbot, Humphrey Bogart, Allen Jenkins e Edward Arnold em papéis menores.

Sinopse
Três mulheres que estudaram juntas se reecontram depois de algum tempo e descobrem quais caminhos diferentes tomaram em suas vidas. Mary Keaton (Joan Blondell) é uma atriz que conseguiu se estabelecer em sua vida depois de passar algum tempo em um reformatório,
já Ruth Westcott (Bette Davis) se tornou uma estenógrafa, e Vivian Revere Kirkwood (Ann Dvorak), que vive a melhor vida entre as três, casou-se com o advogado de sucesso, Robert Kirkwood (Warren William) e tem um filho pequeno, Robert Jr. (Buster Phelps). Numa reviravolta, Vivian vai viajar com seu filho e acaba conhecendo um outro homem, então, troca o marido por uma vida lasciva, enquanto Mary conquista o amor do ex-marido de Vivian e começa a cuidar de seu filho.

Elenco

Produção

Dvorak foi a última dos quatro atores principais a ser escalada. Essa foi a primeira aparição de Bogart como um tipo de bandido, embora seu trabalho em "Midnight", de 1934, tenha precedido esse papel e o levou a ser escalado por LeRoy.

As filmagens ocorreram em junho de 1932.

Quando o filme foi lançado em outubro de 1932, o sequestro de Charles August Lindbergh, Jr. estava em todos os noticiários, e os sequestradores ainda não haviam sido pegos. O sequestro de uma criança na história do filme levantou preocupações com os censores, mas Jason Joy, do Comitê de Relações de Estúdio, fez com sucesso um caso para o filme por causa dos censores em Nova Iorque, Ohio, Pensilvânia e Maryland.

Joan Blondell posou para uma ousada foto de publicidade promocional para o filme em 1932, que mais tarde foi banida sob o código de produção cinematográfico.

Recepção

"Three on a Match" recebeu de críticas mornas a ruins em geral. Mordaunt Hall, em sua crítica para o The New York Times, chamou o filme de "tedioso e desagradável", e também de "não inteligente". Um revisor da revista Time sentiu que o filme não tinha muito peso, ao contrário das produções anteriores de Glasmon e Bright, e que o suicídio no final era mais implausível do que trágico. Kaspar Monahan, para a Pittsburgh Press, pensou que o filme começou com a esperança de ser "diferente", mas acabou se transformando em um "fio sobre gângsteres", e resumiu: "Direção boa na maior parte; atuações tão boas quanto pode ser esperado sob as circunstâncias; história errática".

O Spokesman-Review de Spokane expressou admiração pela maneira como a passagem de tempo é mostrada através de várias sequências montadas, chamando-a de "uma nova abordagem e tratamento ..." e comentou que o filme "soou verdadeiro".

Revisões de jornais comerciais aconselharam os exibidores a se concentrarem no elenco: "Um elenco atraente é o motivo de comparecimento para esse filme, que é surpreendente em suas escassas demandas sobre seu quarteto de pessoas em destaque", foi o comentário inicial de Sid Silverman, da revista Variety. A crítica do The Film Daily também disse que o "elenco ajuda" com um enredo que tem "muitas voltas". O Motion Picture Herald também aconselhou os exibidores a se concentrar na "força dos nomes de elenco" e não sequer usar a palavra "sequestro" ou aludir a isso em promoções.

Décadas após seu lançamento, o filme encontrou mais popularidade entre críticos e historiadores de cinema. Em 1969, William K. Everson chamou-o de "extraordinariamente cuidadoso" e escreveu: "Esplendidamente cortado e ritmado ... e culminado por um verdadeiro choque, Three on a Match ainda é uma pequena produção vívida". Wheeler Winston Dixon observou: "O filme é surpreendente para a quantidade de informação que LeRoy consegue comprimir neste conto relâmpago". Foi apontado como o melhor desempenho de Dvorak para a Warner.

Leonard Maltin deu ao filme 3/4 estrelas, descrevendo-o como um "belo, rápido (e surpreendentemente potente) melodrama pre-Code de três garotas que renovam a amizade de infância, apenas para encontrar suspense e tragédia. Dvorak é simplesmente maravilhosa".

Em 1938, a Warner Bros. lançou "Broadway Musketeers", uma refilmagem de "Three on a Match".

Bilheteria
De acordo com a Warner Bros., o filme arrecadou US$ 338.000 nacionalmente e US$ 106.000 no exterior, totalizando US$ 444.000 mundialmente.

Ligações externas

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1932
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama da década de 1930
Filmes dirigidos por Mervyn LeRoy
Filmes produzidos por Darryl F. Zanuck
Filmes com trilha sonora de Ray Heindorf
Filmes da First National Pictures
Filmes da Warner Bros.
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes em língua inglesa

Three on a Match


El topónimo Carbondale puede hacer referencia a varios lugares de Estados Unidos:

 Carbondale, un pueblo en el estado de Colorado.
 Carbondale, un municipio en el estado de Dakota del Norte.
 Carbondale, un municipio en el estado de Illinois.
 Carbondale, una ciudad en el estado anterior.
 Carbondale, una ciudad en el estado de Kansas.
 Carbondale, un municipio en el estado de Pensilvania.
 Carbondale, una ciudad en el estado anterior.

Carbondale


Masashi Shimamura (født 3. juni 1971) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Nagoya Grampus Eight.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Masashi Shimamura


Dramă Totală este o serie animată canadiană de televiziune, care este un omagiu și o parodie la convențiile comune de la televiziunea reală. Spectacolul și anotimpurile sale sunt denumite în mod colectiv seria Total Drama. A avut premiera pe canalul de televiziune canadian Teletoon pe 8 iulie 2007 și pe canalul de televiziune american Cartoon Network pe 5 iunie 2008. Toți concurenții au personalități distincte care servesc drept punct de întâlnire principal cu personajele care constau în seria de realități ficționale eponime și ale concurenților din acestea. Stilul acestei serii este similar cu cel al lui Survivor. Drama totală a fost întâmpinată cu o apreciere critică la lansare și a dezvoltat o cultură.

Seria Total Drama este seria originală a francizei Total Drama mai mare, care constă din cinci sezoane care au fost difuzate pe o perioadă de șapte ani: primul sezon, Insula Dramei Totale, al doilea sezon, Acțiune: Dramă Totală, al treilea sezon, Turneul Mondial al Dramei Totale, cel de-al patrulea sezon, Insula Dramei Totale: Revanșa și al cincilea sezon, numit atât Dramă Totală: Reuniunea Vedetelor cât și Dramă Totală: Insula Pahkitew. Ultima tranșă a avut premieră pe 7 iulie 2014, în Statele Unite și pe 4 septembrie 2014 în Canada. O serie spin-off bazată pe seria principală, Dramă Totală: Cursa Colosală, a fost produsă la scurt timp după ce a fost lansat al cincilea sezon. Seria spin-off / prequel, intitulată Total DramaRama, a fost lansată pe 1 septembrie 2018 pe Cartoon Network în S.U.A. și pe 7 octombrie 2018 pe Teletoon în Canada.

Pe 17 februarie 2021, s-a anunțat că un revival al Dramă Totală a primit undă verde, două noi sezoane fiind produse pentru Cartoon Network și HBO Max în Statele Unite, Boomerang în Canada și CBBC în Regatul Unit. Ambele sezoane vor servi ca un reboot al seriei originale și niciunul dintre concurenții anteriori nu va reapărea din cauza cronologiei și mandatelor de casting. Primul sezon a apărut în Italia pe 10 aprilie 2023, versiunea originală în limba engleză fiind disponibilă pe Discovery+ în regiune, iar ulterior se va extinde internațional.

Episoade

Aceasta este o listă a tuturor sezoanelor care au fost difuzate, cu datele de difuzare originale din Canada prezentate mai jos, împreună cu elementele de bază pentru fiecare sezon. Episodul 100 al întregii serii difuzat în Canada pe 27 februarie 2014, producătorii fiind foarte mulțumiți de acest punct de reper. Asta înseamnă că a fost nevoie de 6 ani și 7 luni pentru ca ei să emită primele 100 de episoade.

Referințe și note

Legături externe
 Oficial Canadian  Total Drama  Site Teletoon
 Oficial american  Total Drama  Site Cartoon Network
 Total Producers Drama Blog Blogspot
 Sezonul 1 Pagina Cake Entertainment
 Sezonul 2 Pagina Cake Entertainment
 Sezonul 3 Pagina Cake Entertainment
 Sezonul 4 Pagina Cake Entertainment
 Sezonul 5 Pagina (Partea 1) Cake Entertainment
 Sezonul 5 Pagina (Partea 2) Cake Entertainment

Seriale canadiene
Seriale de televiziune din 2007
Cartoon Network
 seriale de televiziune comedie-dramă canadiană 2010
 debut 2007 canadian de televiziune
 End-uri canadiene de televiziune 2014
 seria de televiziune comediană animată de copii canadieni
 programe de televiziune în limba engleză
 serii de televiziune cu animatie flash canadian
 Seriale de televiziune prin Fresh TV
 Drama totală
 parodii de televiziune Realitatea
 francize de televiziune Realitatea
 serie originală Teletoon

Dramă Totală