Lanoe George Hawker,  (30 December 1890 – 23 November 1916) was a British flying ace of the First World War. Having seven credited victories, he was the third pilot to receive the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry awarded to British and Commonwealth servicemen.

He was killed in a dogfight with the famous German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen ("The Red Baron"), who described him as "the British Boelcke".

Early life
Hawker was born on 30 December 1890 at Longparish, Hampshire, England, to Lieutenant Henry Colley Hawker, R.N., and Julia Gordon Lanoe Hawker, daughter of Major Peter William Lanoe Hawker, of the 74th Highlanders and sister of the author Mary Elizabeth Hawker ("Lanoe Falconer"). His parents were distant cousins; Hawker's father was of a cadet branch of the family resident in Australia since his own father, George Charles Hawker (son of Royal Navy Admiral Edward Hawker), emigrated in 1839, being elected Speaker of the House of Assembly, South Australia in 1860. The Hawker family had a military tradition, with army commissions being held in each generation since the time of Elizabeth I. A first cousin was Arthur Bagot, a naval officer in the First World War and Albert Medal recipient.

Lanoe was sent to Stubbington House School and at the age of 11 to the Royal Navy College in Dartmouth, but although highly intelligent and an enthusiastic sportsman, he suffered from a weak constitution, which led to jaundice. With the strenuous nature of a naval career unsuitable, he entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich before joining the Royal Engineers as an officer cadet. A clever inventor, Hawker developed a keen interest in all mechanical and engineering developments. During the summer of 1910 he saw a film featuring the Wright Flyer and after attending an aircraft flying display at Bournemouth, he quickly found an interest in aviation, learning to fly at his own expense at Hendon. On 4 March 1913, Hawker was awarded Aviator's Certificate No. 435 by the Royal Aero Club.

Promoted to 1st Lieutenant in October 1913 he was posted to Cork Harbour with the 33rd Fortress Company. His request for attachment to the Royal Flying Corps was granted and he reported to the Central Flying School at Upavon on 1 August 1914, three days before Britain entered the First World War.

With the Royal Flying Corps

Hawker was posted to France in October 1914, as a captain with No. 6 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, flying Henri Farmans. The squadron converted to the B.E.2c and he undertook numerous reconnaissance missions into 1915, being wounded once by ground fire. On 22 April he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for attacking a German zeppelin shed at Gontrode by dropping hand grenades at low level (below 200 ft) from his B.E.2c. He used a tethered German balloon to help shield him from enemy ground fire as he made successive attacks. During the Second Battle of Ypres, Hawker was wounded in the foot by ground fire. For the remainder of the battle he had to be carried to and from his aircraft, but refused to be grounded until the fight was over.

Returning to 6 Squadron after hospitalisation, the squadron now received several single-seat scouts, and some early F.E.2 'pushers'. One aircraft received was a Bristol Scout C, with RFC s/n 1609 that Hawker, with assistance from Air Mechanic Ernest Elton (who later became an Ace Pilot himself), equipped with their design of Lewis gun mount, enabling the machine gun to fire forward obliquely at an acute horizontal angle to the axis of flight, missing the propeller arc.

While with No 6 squadron in 1915, Captain Hawker was a comrade of Captain Louis Strange. The Squadron became pioneers of many aspects in military aviation at the time, driven largely by the imagination of Strange and the engineering talents of Hawker. Their talents led to various mountings for Lewis machine guns, one of which won Hawker the Victoria Cross, and one that nearly cost Strange his life.

Hawker's innovative ideas at this time greatly benefited the fledgling RFC. He helped to invent the Prideaux disintegrating link machine-gun belt feed, and initiated the practice of putting fabric protective coverings on the tips of wooden propellers, the use of fur-lined thigh boots, and devising a primitive 'rocking fuselage' for target practice on the ground. In 1916 he also developed (with W.L. French) the increased capacity 97-round 'double drum' for the Lewis machine gun. It was issued for trials in July and after modifications was issued generally to the RFC and RNAS.

Victoria Cross

Following an initial air victory in June, on 25 July 1915 when on patrol over Passchendaele, Captain Hawker attacked three German aircraft in succession, flying a different Bristol Scout C, serial No. 1611, after his earlier No. 1609 had been written off, transplanting the custom Lewis gun mount onto No. 1611. The first aerial victory for Hawker that day occurred after he had emptied a complete drum of bullets from his aircraft's single Lewis machine gun into it, sending it spinning down. The second was driven to the ground damaged, and the third – an Albatros C.I of FFA 3 – which he attacked at a height of about 10,000 feet, burst into flames and crashed. (Pilot Oberleutnant Uebelacker and observer Hauptmann Roser were both killed.) For this feat he was awarded the Victoria Cross, as the third military pilot (and the first fighter pilot) to receive the VC following William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse's pioneering award for bravery during a bombing raid, and Reginald Warneford's award for an anti-Zeppelin attack on an airborne Deutsches Heer airship, using aerial bombing to bring it down.

This particular sortie was just one of the many which Captain Hawker undertook during almost a year of constant operational flying and fighting. He claimed at least three more victories in August 1915, either in the Scout or flying an F.E.2.

Hawker was posted back to England in late 1915, with some seven victory claims (including one captured, three destroyed, one 'out of control' and one 'forced to land') making him the first British flying ace, and a figure of considerable fame within the ranks of the RFC.

It has since been argued that shooting down three aircraft in one mission was a feat repeated several times by later pilots, and whether Hawker deserved his Victoria Cross has been questioned. However, in the context of the air war of mid-1915 it was unusual to shoot down even one aircraft, and the VC was awarded on the basis that all the enemy planes were armed with machine guns. More significantly, by the early summer of 1915, the German Feldflieger Abteilung two-seater observation units of the future Luftstreitkräfte, had by this time, received examples of the Fokker Eindecker monoplane, with one Eindecker going to each unit, with a fixed, forward-firing machine gun fitted with a "synchronization gear" that prevented the bullets from striking the propeller. The first claim using this arrangement, though unconfirmed by the German Army, was by Leutnant Kurt Wintgens on 1 July 1915, some  over Lunéville distant from where Hawker had his three-victory success nearly a month later. Therefore, the German pilots like Wintgens and Leutnant Otto Parschau, another pioneering Eindecker pilot, could employ the simple combat tactic of aiming the whole aircraft, and presenting a small target to the enemy while approaching from any angle, preferably from a blind spot where the enemy observer could not return fire.

Hawker flew before Britain had any workable synchroniser gear, so his Bristol Scout had its machine gun mounted on the left side of the cockpit, firing forwards and sideways at a 45 degree angle to avoid the propeller. The only direction from which he could attack an enemy was from its right rear quarter – precisely in a direction from which it was easy for the observer to fire at him. Thus, in each of the three attacks, Hawker was directly exposed to the fire of an enemy machine gun.

First Fighter Squadron

Promoted to major early in 1916. Hawker was placed in command of the RFC's first (single seater) fighter squadron, Number 24 based at Hounslow Heath Aerodrome and flying the Airco DH.2 pusher. After two fatalities in recent flying accidents, the new fighter, which featured a forward-mounted Lewis machine gun, soon earned a reputation for spinning; its rear mounted rotary engine and sensitive controls made it very responsive. Hawker countered this worry by taking a DH.2 up over the squadron base and, in front of the squadron pilots, put the aircraft through a series of spins, each time recovering safely. After landing, he carefully described to all pilots the correct procedures to recover from a spin. Once the pilots became used to the DH.2's characteristics, confidence in the aircraft rose quickly, as they came to appreciate its manoeuvrability.

He then led the squadron back to Bertangles, north of the Somme in February 1916, where the squadron quickly helped counter the Fokker Eindecker monoplanes of the Imperial German Army's Fliegertruppe which were dominant over the Western Front in the run up to the Somme offensive in July 1916. Hawker's aggressive personal philosophy of "Attack Everything", was the entire text of his tactical order of 30 June 1916. Spurred by his aggressiveness, 24 Squadron claimed some 70 victories by November at the cost of 12 of its own planes and 21 pilots killed, wounded or missing.
Around this time, Hawker developed a ring gunsight and created a clamp and spring-clip device to hold the Lewis in place on the DH.2. He also designed sheepskin boots that reached to the upper thigh, known as "fug-boots," which became standard issue to combat the risk of frostbite at high altitude.

By mid 1916, RFC policy was to ban squadron commanders from operational flying, Hawker included. However, he continued to make frequent offensive patrols and reconnaissance flights, particularly over the Somme battlefields.

As the year wore on, the Germans introduced far more potent fighters to the front, starting with the Luftstreitkräfte's first biplane fighter, the single-gun armed Halberstadt D.II, and shortly thereafter the even more advanced, twin-gunned Albatros D.I, rapidly making the DH.2 obsolete.

Death

On 23 November 1916, while flying an Airco DH.2 (Serial No. 5964), Hawker left Bertangles Aerodrome at 1300 hours as part of 'A' Flight, led by Captain (later Air Vice Marshal) J. O. Andrews and including Lieutenant (later Air Marshal) R.H.M.S Saundby. Andrews led the flight in an attack on two German aircraft over Achiet. Spotting a larger flight of German aircraft above, Andrews was about to break off the attack, but spotted Hawker diving to attack. Andrews and Saundby followed him to back him up in his fight; Andrews drove off one of the Germans attacking Hawker, then took bullets in his engine and glided out of the fight under Saundby's covering fire. Losing contact with the other DH.2s, Hawker began a lengthy dogfight with an Albatros D.II flown by Leutnant Manfred von Richthofen of Jasta 2. The Albatros was faster than the DH.2, more powerful and, with a pair of lMG 08 machine guns, more heavily armed. Richthofen fired 900 rounds during the running battle. Running low on fuel, Hawker eventually broke away from the combat and attempted to return to Allied lines. The Red Baron's guns jammed 50 yards from the lines, but a bullet from his last burst struck Hawker in the back of his head, killing him instantly. His plane spun from  and crashed  east of Luisenhof Farm, just south of Bapaume on the Flers Road, becoming the German ace's 11th victim. German Grenadiers reported burying Hawker  east of Luisenhof Farm along the roadside. Richthofen claimed Hawker's Lewis gun from the wreck as a trophy and hung it above the door of his quarters. Major Lanoe George Hawker is listed on the Arras Flying Services Memorial for airmen lost with no known grave.

Legacy
Hawker's original Victoria Cross was lost when the Hawker family belongings were left behind after the fall of France in 1940. On their return after the Second World War, they found that their possessions, including the VC, had been stolen. A replacement was issued to Hawker's brother on 3 February 1960, and is now held by the Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon.

A window (designed by Francis Skeat) commemorating Hawker was installed in St Nicholas church, Longparish in 1967. The design features St Michael above an airfield with two pilots in the foreground. A copy of the window is in the Army Flying Museum at Middle Wallop.

Hawker was portrayed by Corin Redgrave in the 1971 film Von Richthofen and Brown. In the 2008 film The Red Baron, he was played by Richard Krajčo.

References

Bibliography

External links
Lanoe Hawker

1890 births
1916 deaths
Military personnel from Hampshire
Aviators killed by being shot down
Aviation pioneers
British Army personnel of World War I
British military personnel killed in World War I
British World War I flying aces
British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
Royal Flying Corps recipients of the Victoria Cross
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
People from Longparish
Royal Engineers officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
People educated at Stubbington House School
English aviators

Lanoe Hawker


Ginkgo er ættkvísl óvenjulegra fræplantna. Þær voru eitt sinn (Júra og Krítartíma) algengar um allan heim. Einungis ein tegund er nú til, og munaði mjög litlu að hún dæi út líka.

Tilvísanir

Berfrævingar

Ginkgo


Pactul de la Londra (în ) a fost semnat în timpul Primului Război Mondial, în 26 aprilie 1915, ca tratat secret între Regatul Italiei pe de o parte și puterile aliate Regatul Unit, Franța și Imperiul Rus pe de altă parte. Prin el se plănuia intrarea în război a Italiei, căreia i s-a asigurat recunoașterea unor diverse pretenții teritoriale.

Tratate
1915 în politică
Primul Război Mondial

Pactul de la Londra (1915)


Sammen hver for sig er en kortfilm instrueret af Charlotte Madsen efter manuskript af Charlotte Madsen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2013

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Sammen hver for sig


أنتونوف أن-71 (لقب تعريف الناتو :Madcap) هي طائرة إنذار مبكر صممت خصيصاً لكي تعمل علي سطح حاملة الطائرات أدميرال كوزنيتسوف السوفيتية. صممت علي أساس الطائرة أنتونوف أن-72 وعملية تصنيعها لم تتعد مرحلة الطراز الأولي والذي حلق لأول مرة في 12 يوليو 1985. ألغي مشروع صناعة الطائرة بسبب تفضيل الطائرة ياك-44 عنها والتي ألغيت تباعاً مع إلغاء بناء حاملة الطائرات العملاقة (Ulyanovsk) بعد انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي.

المستخدمون

 القوات البحرية السوفيتية.

المواصفات

الصفات العامة
 الطاقم: 6.
 الطول: 23.5 متر.
 المسافة بين الجناحين: 31.89 متر.
 الارتفاع : 9.20 متر.
 المحرك: محركان تربوفان من نوع (D-436K) ومحرك تربوفان من نوع (RD-38A).

الأداء
 السرعة القصوى: 650 كيلومتر/ساعة.
 سرعة العبور: 530 كيلومتر/ساعة.

مصادر
المقالة عاليه هي نتيجة ترجمة مقالة عن الطائرة أنتونوف إيه إن - 71 علي موقع https://web.archive.org/web/20130426192912/http://www.aviation.ru/ والتي منشورة تحت رخصة GFDL.

انظر أيضا
 أنتونوف أن-72 / أنتونوف أن-74.

طائرات مناظرة:
 إي - 2 هوك آي.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 مقالة عن الطائرة وبعض الصور.

طائرات أنتونوف
طائرات أواكس
طائرات إنذار مبكر
طائرات حرب إلكترونية
طائرات عسكرية 1980–1989
طائرات نفاثة ثنائية المحركات

أنتونوف أن-71


Das Große Theater von Havanna "Alicia Alonso" () ist ein Opernhaus, das heute die Heimstätte des Ballet Nacional de Cuba und des Opernensemble des Teatro Lírico Nacional de Cuba ist. Es befindet sich in unmittelbarer Nähe des Kapitols von Havanna am Paseo del Prado.

Geschichte
Der ursprüngliche Bau aus dem Jahr 1838 wurde 1914 durch den heute existierenden neobarocken Prunkbau ersetzt. Frühere Bezeichnungen des Kulturzentrums waren El gran Tacón (1838–1902), Gran Teatro Nacional (1902–1961), Teatro Federico García Lorca (1961–1977) und Liceo de La Habana Vieja (1977–1985). Das Gebäude wurde 2015 renoviert.

Der große Saal, heute nach Federico García Lorca benannt, fasst etwa 1500 Personen. Hier traten unter anderem auf: Enrico Caruso, Fanny Elßler, Anna Pawlowa, La Argentina, Ruth St. Denis, Ted Shawn, Vicente Escudero, Maja Plissezkaja, Clorinda Corradi, Sarah Bernhardt, Carla Fracci und Alicia Alonso.

Galerie

Weblinks

 Zur urbanen Lage in Havanna (PDF; 5,2 MB)
 Kubanisches Nationalballett

Einzelnachweise

Bespieltheater
Bauwerk in Havanna
Kultur (Kuba)
Erbaut in den 1910er Jahren
Altstadt und Festungsanlagen von Havanna

Gran Teatro de La Habana


الديدان العصوية أو الربديات  هي رتبة من الديدان الأسطوانية.

مراجع

ربديات
ديدان أسطوانية
طفيليات

ديدان عصوية


Serinyaka, Antalya ilinin Gündoğmuş ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin ilk adlarından biri Serenk'tir. Daha sonra değiştirilerek Serinyaka olmuştur.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 125 km, Gündoğmuş ilçesine 25 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Gündoğmuş'un mahalleleri

Serinyaka, Gündoğmuş


Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg (20. júlí 1938 – 10. september 2020) var bresk leikkona. Rigg varð fræg á sjöunda áratugnum fyrir að leika njósnarann Emmu Peel í sjónvarpsþáttunum The Avengers (ísl. Skelegg skötuhjú), en þar birtist hún í fjórðu og fimmtu þáttaröðunum og lék annað aðalhlutverkið á móti Patrick Macnee. Hún varð einnig þekkt fyrir að leika Bond-stúlkuna Tracy di Vicenzo í James Bond-myndinni On Her Majesty's Secret Service árið 1969. Á eldri árum varð Rigg þekkt fyrir að leika persónuna Olennu Tyrell í sjónvarpsþáttunum Game of Thrones. Allan feril sinn hafði Rigg verið virk sem sviðsleikkona og lék í fjölda sýninga Konunglega Shakespeare-félagsins.

Árið 1994 sæmdi Elísabet 2. Bretadrottning Rigg riddaranafnbót í Orðu breska heimsveldisins.

Æviágrip

Æska, menntun og fyrstu hlutverk
Diana Rigg fæddist þann 20. júlí árið 1938 og var dóttir hjónanna Beryl Helliwell og Louis Rigg. Diana bjó fyrstu sjö ár ævi sinar í borginni Bikaner í indverska fylkinu Rajastan, þar sem faðir hennar vann sem járnbrautaverkfræðingur fyrir maharajann Ganga Singh. Hún sneri aftur til Bretlands ásamt eldri bróður sínum, Hugh, árið 1945. Systkinin bjuggu á heimavist þar til foreldrar þeirra sneri heim frá Indlandi. Móðir þeirra kom til Bretlands árið 1947 og faðir þeirra næsta ár.

Diana nam leiklist við listaskólann Royal Academy of Dramatic Art og útskrifaðist þaðan í júlí árið 1957. Sama ár tók Rigg þátt í uppsetningu á Kákasíska krítarhringnum eftir Bertolt Brecht ásamt öðrum nýútskrifuðum leikurum í Konunglega leikhúsinu í York á leiklistarhátíð borgarinnar frá 24. til 30. júní. Þetta var í fyrsta sinn sem þetta leikrit var sviðsett í Bretlandi og jafnframt fyrsta sviðshlutverk Diönu Rigg. Rigg átti virkan leikferil það sem hún átti eftir ólifað, aðallega í leikhúsi en einnig í sjónvarpi, kvikmyndum og útvarpi.

Ferill
Diana Rigg einbeitti sér aðallega að leikhúsferli sínum og birtist gjarnan í klassískum verkum á borð við Óþelló og Draumi á Jónsmessunótt.

Rigg varð fræg fyrir að leika hlutverk njósnarans Emmu Peel í fjórðu og fimmtu þáttaröð bresku hasarþáttanna The Avengers (ísl. Skelegg skötuhjú) á sjöunda áratugnum. Túlkun Rigg á persónunni var mjög vinsæl og aðdáendur The Avengers telja þáttaraðirnar þar sem hún birtist í aðalhlutverki gjarnan marka hápunkt þáttanna. Árið 1968 ákvað Rigg hins vegar að hætta í þáttunum þar sem hún óttaðist að persóna Emmu Peel myndi skyggja um of á feril sinn sem leikkonu. Hún ákvað að fylgja fordæmi forvera síns í aðalkvenhlutverki þáttanna, Honor Blackman, og leika aðalhlutverk í James Bond-kvikmynd.

Árið 1969 lék Rigg á móti George Lazenby í Bond-myndinni On Her Majesty's Secret Service. Hún fór með hlutverk Tracy di Vicenzo, sem var eina konan í James Bond-myndunum sem giftist Bond í lok myndarinnar sem hún birtist í.

Hlutverk Rigg í The Avengers og í On Her Majesty's Secret Service gerðu hana mjög fræga en síðar á ferli sínum neitaði hún þó að tala um þennan hluta af ferli sínum. Hún sagðist síðar sjá eftir því að hafa tekið að sér hlutverk Tracy og að þeim George Lazenby hefði ekki komið vel saman við töku myndarinnar. Hún forðaðist hins vegar að tjá sig um hlutverk Emmu Peel þar sem erfitt var fyrir marga aðdáendur hennar að skilja hana frá persónunni: Í augum margra var Rigg einfaldlega Emma Peel og lengi óttaðist hún að þetta myndi hafa neikvæð áhrif á getu hennar til að fá önnur hlutverk. Árið 2019 upplýsti Rigg jafnframt að hún hefði þénað "minna fé en myndatökumaðurinn" á hlutverki sínu í þáttunum og að hún hefði þurft að berjast einsömul fyrir betri kjörum á meðan á upptökum stóð. Hún lét sér auk þess illa lynda að vera fyrst og fremst álitin kyntákn sem léki hlutverk kynþokkafullra háskakvenda.

Í lok ársins 1998 lék Rigg aðalhlutverkið í sjónvarpsþáttunum The Mrs Bradley Mysteries, meðal annars á móti Peter Davidson. Árið 2013 birtist Rigg aftur í sjónvarpi í þáttunum Game of Thrones í hlutverki Olennu Tyrell. Hún birtist jafnframt í einum þætti þáttaraðanna Doctor Who ásamt dóttur sinni, Rachael Stirling. Sydney Newman, einn af höfundum þáttanna, hafði líka unnið við þættina The Avengers, sem skutu Rigg upp á stjörnuhimininn.

Dauði
Diana Rigg lést á heimili sínu í London þann 10. september árið 2020, þá 82 ára, úr krabbameini sem hún hafði greinst með fyrr sama ár.

Einkahagir
Diana Rigg bjó í átta ár í óvígðri sambúð með breska leikstjóranum Philip Saville en þann 6. júlí 1973 giftist hún ísraelska lístmálaranum Menachem Gueffen. Þau skildu þann 6. september 1976. Árið 1975 kynntist hún Archibald Hugh Stirling og eignaðist með honum dótturina Rachael Stirling þann 30. maí árið 1977. Diana og Archibald giftust þann 25. mars árið 1982 í New York en skildu árið 1990.

Diana Rigg var lengi talin nokkuð fráhverf femínisma. Á sjöunda áratugnum lét hún þau orð falla að henni þætti öll femínísk orðræða hundleiðinleg. Hún tjáði sig þó um óréttlátan kynbundinn launamun við tökur The Avengers á Cannes-kvikmyndahátíðinni árið 2019.

Tilvísanir

Tengill

Enskir leikarar

Diana Rigg


Adela este un film românesc din 1985 regizat de Mircea Veroiu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii George Motoi, Marina Procopie și Valeria Seciu. Scenariul este bazat pe romanul omonim al lui Garabet Ibrăileanu.

Rezumat

Distribuție

 George Motoi — dr. Emil Codrescu, medic quadragenar venit din străinătate
 Marina Procopie — Adela, tânăra fiică a Ralucăi
 Valeria Seciu — Raluca Mureșanu, proprietara moșiei, mama Adelei
 Ștefan Sileanu — Tuliu Drăgan, maior în retragere, invalid de război de la Plevna, vecinul Ralucăi și fostul camarad de arme al lui Emil
 Jana Gorea — Anica, servitoarea familiei Mureșanu
 Adrian Pintea — David, meșterul reparator de piane
 Florina Luican — Florina, actrița lirică brunetă
 Natașa Raab — Ligia, actrița lirică blondă
 Dana Mladin — fetița lui Podoleanu
 Nicolae Ivănescu — Alexandru (Alec) Mean, ofițer de cavalerie, fostul soț al Adelei
  — Podoleanu, administratorul moșiei coanei Raluca
 Sorin Crăciuneanu
 Elena Gadina
 Dumitru Crăciun — vizitiul docarului coanei Raluca
 Ioan Crăciun

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.727.241 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

În 1985 a primit premiile ACIN pentru imagine (Doru Mitran) și decoruri (Călin Papură) și în 1985 Marele Premiu de la Sanremo.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1985 în film

Filme din 1985
Filme regizate de Mircea Veroiu
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme dramatice românești
Filme psihologice românești
Filme Româniafilm
Filme Casa de Filme 4
Ecranizări de romane românești

Adela (film din 1985)


Alexander Olbrich (* 28. September 1950 in Neuburg an der Donau) ist ein deutscher Diplomat im Ruhestand und war von 2009 bis Juli 2013 Generalkonsul in Osaka-Kōbe. Von 2013 bis 2016 war er deutscher Botschafter in Quito, Ecuador.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur in Neuburg an der Donau studierte Olbrich von 1969 bis 1975 Chemie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München und schloss dieses Studium als Diplom-Chemiker ab. 1979 legte er dort seine Promotion zum Dr. rer. nat. mit einer Dissertation zum Thema Bestimmung und Charakterisierung der langkettigen Acyl-Coenzym-A-Verbindungen in Säugetierleber und Hefe ab. Im Anschluss war er zwischen 1979 und 1981 als Postdoctoral Fellow an der Universität Kyōto tätig.

1981 trat er in den Auswärtigen Dienst ein und fand nach Abschluss der Laufbahnprüfung für den höheren Dienst von 1983 bis 1987 Verwendung im Pressereferat der Botschaft in Japan sowie im Anschluss bis 1990 im Referat für Wissenschaft und Hochschulen im Auswärtigen Amt in Bonn. Danach war er zwischen 1990 und 1992 Wirtschaftsreferent an der Botschaft in Griechenland sowie danach bis 1997 Ständiger Vertreter des Botschafters in Island, ehe er von 1997 bis 2001 stellvertretender Leiter des Referats für die friedliche Nutzung der Kernenergie im Auswärtigen Amt in Bonn und Berlin war.

Zwischen 2001 und 2005 war Olbrich Leiter der Ständigen Vertretung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bei der Organisation für das Verbot chemischer Waffen (OPCW) in Den Haag und befand sich seit 2002 im Rang eines Botschafters. Nach seiner Rückkehr war er bis 2009 Leiter des Referats Chemie- und Biowaffenübereinkommen im Auswärtigen Amt in Berlin.

Zwischen Juli 2009 und Juli 2013 war Olbrich Generalkonsul in Osaka-Kōbe und damit Nachfolger von Gerold Amelung. Anschließend, bis zu seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand, war Olbrich Botschafter in Ecuador.

Alexander Olbrich ist seit Februar 2020 Mitglied des Vorstands der Deutsch-Japanischen Gesellschaft Berlin sowie Ehren- und Gründungspräsident des Alexander-von-Humboldt-Alumnivereins Ecuador, sowie Ehrenmitglied der Japanisch-Deutschen Gesellschaften Osaka und Kobe.

Literatur

Weblink

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher Botschafter in Ecuador
Ständiger Vertreter Deutschlands bei der OPCW
Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Person (Neuburg an der Donau)
Korporierter im CV
Deutscher
Geboren 1950
Mann

Alexander Olbrich (Diplomat)


Marsippospermum grandiflorum, jednosupnica iz porodice sitovki raširena od središnjeg Čilea preko Argentine i Ognjene zemlje do Malvinskih otoka. Ova korisna biljka Indijancima Patagonije i Ognjene zemlje služila je za tkanje košara.

Izvori

Travolike

Marsippospermum grandiflorum


Bariq er en by i det sydvestlige Saudi-Arabien med  indbyggere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Byer i Saudi-Arabien

Bariq


Die Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude im Reisental in Hohenhausen, einer Ortschaft in Kalletal im Kreis Lippe (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Geschichte und Architektur

Die Kirche war ursprünglich dem hl. Paulus geweiht. Der kreuzförmige Saalbau ist durch eine neugotische Erweiterung einer romanischen Saalkirche mit einem aus der Mittelachse nach Süden verschobenem Westturm entstanden. Ein durch Grabung erwiesener, ungewölbter Bau wurde im 12/13. Jahrhundert durch die im Kern bestehende Kirche ersetzt. Der Turm mit niedrigen, später veränderten Annexräumen ist möglicherweise älter. Das Südportal ist mit 1603 bezeichnet. Das Chorjoch wurde Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts, das Schiffjoch am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts neu gewölbt. 1887 erfolgte eine kreuzförmige Erweiterung, zur selben Zeit wurden die Schallarkade verändert. Das Gebäude wurde von 1979/80 umfassend renoviert.

Der verputzte Bruchsteinbau wirkt schlicht. Der Chor wird durch dreibahnige Maßwerkfenster mit Drei- und Vierpässen gegliedert. Bei dem prägenden neugotischen Umbau wurde der Innenraum nach Westen ausgerichtet. Die Rippenwölbung im ehemaligen Schiffsjoch ist start gebust, der Schlussstein ist mit 1496 bezeichnet. In der Südwand des alten Chores befindet sich eine Ausgussnische mit kleeblattförmiger Rahmung und einem bärtigen Kopf. Die gegenüberliegende Nische ist mit einer gemalten Kreuzigung Christi geschmückt. Beide Nischen sind vom 14. Jahrhundert. Zu den kreuzgratgewölbten Turmräumen führen unregelmäßige Spitzbogenarkaden.

Ausstattung
Das rohe Sandsteinrelief in der Westwand ist mit 1523 bezeichnet.

Eine Glocke mit Majuskelinschrift und Gießerzeichen wurde 1446 in der Grawick-Werkstatt gegossen. Die Turmuhr wurde 1887 eingebaut.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, unter wissenschaftlicher Leitung von Ursula Quednau: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen II Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin/München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2

Weblinks

 Virtueller Kirchenrundgang (abgerufen am 27. April 2012)

Baudenkmal in Kalletal
Kirchengebäude in Kalletal
Reformiertes Kirchengebäude der Lippischen Landeskirche
Neugotisches Bauwerk in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Neugotisches Kirchengebäude
Paulus-von-Tarsus-Kirche

Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche Hohenhausen


An Pothos thomsonianus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Pothos thomsonianus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pothos, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pothos

Pothos thomsonianus


A Sociedade Astronômica do Pacífico ou (em inglês: Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP)) é uma organização científica e educacional americana, fundada em São Francisco em 7 de fevereiro de 1889. Seu nome deriva de suas origens na costa do Pacífico, mas hoje tem membros em todo o país e no mundo. Tem o estatuto jurídico de uma organização sem fins lucrativos.

É a maior sociedade de educação em astronomia geral do mundo, com membros de mais de 40 países.

Programas de educação e divulgação
A missão da ASP é promover o interesse público e a conscientização da astronomia (e aumentar a alfabetização científica ) por meio de suas publicações, site e muitos programas educacionais e de divulgação.

 A NASA Night Sky Network – uma comunidade de mais de 450 clubes de astronomia nos EUA que compartilham seu tempo e telescópios para envolver o público com experiências únicas de astronomia. A ASP fornece treinamento e materiais para aprimorar as atividades de divulgação dos clubes e inspira mais de quatro milhões de pessoas por meio de sua participação em mais de 30 000 eventos.
 Alcançando as estrelas: ciência da NASA para escoteiras – A ASP é parceira de um projeto da NASA para criar novos emblemas de astronomia para escoteiras, conectá-los com seus clubes de astronomia locais e treinar astrônomos amadores para tornar seu alcance mais amigável para as meninas. O ASP também conecta voluntárias escoteiras adultas à Night Sky Network (NSN) da NASA.
 My Sky Tonight – um conjunto de atividades de astronomia baseadas em pesquisas e ricas em ciência que envolvem crianças em idade pré-escolar e treinou centenas de educadores em museus, parques e bibliotecas nos EUA sobre como envolver efetivamente seus visitantes mais jovens 3–5 anos de idade em astronomia.
 O Programa AAS Astronomy Ambassadors – oferece experiências de orientação e treinamento para jovens astrônomos que estão começando suas carreiras. A American Astronomical Society, em parceria com a ASP, membros do Center for Astronomy Education (CAE) e outras organizações ativas no ensino de ciências e divulgação pública, criou o programa, que envolve uma série de oficinas de desenvolvimento profissional e uma comunidade de prática projetada para ajudar a melhorar as habilidades de comunicação dos participantes e a eficácia na divulgação aos alunos e ao público.
 Avaliação no local - uma iniciativa de pesquisa para a prática liderada pela ASP (em colaboração com a Oregon State University, o Portal to the Public Network através do Institute for Learning Innovation e o National Radio Astronomy Observatory) para desenvolver um conjunto de estratégias de avaliação incorporadas e desenvolvimento profissional para apoiar cientistas de pesquisa na comunicação eficaz da ciência ao público.
 O Projeto Galileoscópio – Desenvolvido em 2009 para o Ano Internacional da Astronomia, o Galileoscópio tornou-se a peça central para o ensino sobre telescópios em muitos programas. Como componente chave do Programa de Formação de Professores Galileo, a Astronomical Society of the Pacific envolveu centenas de educadores no desenvolvimento profissional relacionado com telescópios e o Galileoscope.
 Projeto PLANET – Aproveitando os recursos desenvolvidos como parte do projeto My Sky Tonight para explorar sua utilidade em um ambiente formal de sala de aula.
 Projeto ASTRO – um programa nacional que melhora o ensino de astronomia e ciências físicas (usando atividades práticas baseadas em pesquisas) ao emparelhar astrônomos amadores e profissionais com professores e turmas do 4º ao 9º ano.
 Family ASTRO – projeto que desenvolve kits e jogos para ajudar as famílias a desfrutarem da astronomia no lazer e capacita astrônomos, educadores e líderes comunitários.
 Astronomy from the Ground Up (AFGU) – Fornecendo aos educadores e intérpretes de ciências informais formas novas e inovadoras de comunicar a astronomia. A AFGU é uma comunidade crescente de centenas de educadores de museus, centros de ciências, centros naturais e parques nos Estados Unidos, que estão aprimorando e expandindo ativamente sua capacidade de abordar tópicos de astronomia para seus visitantes.
 Atividades em sala de aula, vídeos e recursos em astronomia (muitos desenvolvidos pela equipe educacional da Sociedade) são vendidos através de sua AstroShop online ou disponibilizados gratuitamente através do site.

A ASP auxilia na educação e divulgação em astronomia por meio de parcerias com outras organizações nos Estados Unidos e internacionalmente, e organiza uma reunião anual para promover a apreciação e compreensão da astronomia.

Publicações
A sociedade promove a educação em astronomia por meio de várias publicações. The Universe in the Classroom, um boletim educacional eletrônico gratuito para professores e outros educadores em todo o mundo que ajuda alunos de todas as idades a aprender mais sobre as maravilhas do universo por meio da astronomia.

Mercury, a revista on-line trimestral da ASP, cobre uma ampla gama de tópicos de astronomia, desde história e arqueoastronomia até desenvolvimentos de ponta. Publicado pela primeira vez em 1925 como os Folhetos da ASP, o Mercury agora é divulgado para milhares de membros e escolas da ASP, universidades, bibliotecas, observatórios e instituições em todo o mundo. Mercury Online, um blog complementar acessível ao público da Mercury, foi criado em 2019 "para mostrar artigos de nossos colunistas especializados depois de publicados na revista Mercury".

A ASP também edita a revista Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP) destinada a astrônomos profissionais. O PASP é um periódico técnico de artigos arbitrados sobre pesquisa astronômica cobrindo todos os comprimentos de onda e escalas de distância, bem como artigos sobre as mais recentes inovações em instrumentação e software astronômico, e publica periódicos desde 1889.

A Sociedade Astronômica da Série de Conferências do Pacífico (ASPCS) é uma série de mais de 400 volumes de anais de conferências profissionais de astronomia. Iniciada em 1988, a Conference Series cresceu e se tornou uma proeminente série de publicações no mundo das publicações profissionais de astronomia, e já publicou mais de 500 volumes. Os volumes são vendidos aos participantes das conferências cujos anais são publicados, além de serem oferecidos através da AstroShop da Sociedade Astronômica do Pacífico, e podem ser encontrados nas bibliotecas das principais universidades e instituições de pesquisa em todo o mundo. Em 2004, a ASPCS entrou na edição eletrônica, oferecendo assinaturas de acesso eletrônico para bibliotecas e instituições, bem como acesso individual aos volumes que adquiriram em formato impresso.

AstroBeat é uma coluna on-line de membros da ASP, que sai a cada duas semanas e apresenta um relatório dos bastidores sobre algum aspecto da descoberta astronômica, educação em astronomia ou astronomia como hobby, escrito por um participante importante. Os autores incluíram:

 Clyde Tombaugh, recontando a história de sua descoberta do planeta (anão) Plutão
 Michael E. Brown, discutindo a nomeação do planeta anão Makemake
 Notável fotógrafo astronômico David Malin descrevendo a transição da química para a fotografia digital
 Virginia Louise Trimble explicando como selecionou sua lista das dez principais descobertas astronômicas dos últimos mil anos.

Presidentes recentes
Os presidentes da ASP incluíram astrônomos notáveis como Edwin Hubble, George O. Abell e Frank Drake. George Pardee, que mais tarde se tornou governador do estado da Califórnia, serviu como presidente em 1899.

 2019– Kelsey Johnson (Universidade da Virgínia, Observatório Nacional de Radioastronomia)
 2017–2019 Chris Ford (Pixar Animation Studios, ret.)
 2015–2017 Connie Walker (Observatório Nacional de Astronomia Óptica)
 2013–2015 Gordon Myers (IBM, ret.)
 2011–2013 William A. Gutsch (St Peters College, Jersey City)
 2009–2011 Bruce Partridge (Haverford College)
 2007–2009 James B. Kaler (U. de Illinois)
 2005–2007 Dennis Schatz (Pacific Science Center, Seattle)
 2003–2005 Catharine Garmany (U. do Colorado; National Optical Astronomy Observatories)
 2001–2003 Alexei Filippenko (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1999–2001 Frank N. Bash (U. do Texas)

Ex-presidentes

 1997–1999 John R. Percy (U. de Toronto)
 1995–1997 Bruce Carney (EUA da Carolina do Norte)
 1993–1995 Russell Merle Genet (Observatório Fairborn)
 1991–1993 Julie Lutz (Washington State U.)
 1989–1991 Frank Drake (U. da Califórnia, Santa Cruz)
 1987–1989 James Hesser (Dominion Astrophysical Observatory)
 1985–1987 Sidney Wolff (U. do Havaí, NOAO)
 1983–1985 David Morrison (U. do Havaí e NASA Ames)
 1981–1983 Halton Arp (Observatórios Hale)
 1979–1981 Leonard Kuhi (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1977–1979 Ann Boesgaard (U. do Havaí)
 1975–1977 Geoffrey Burbidge (U. da Califórnia, San Diego)
 1973–1975 Ray Weymann (U. do Arizona)
 1971–1973 Harold Weaver (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1969–1971 George O. Abell (U. da Califórnia, Los Angeles)
 1967–1969 Helmut Abt (Observatório Nacional de Kitt Peak)
 1965–1967 Louis G. Henyey (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1962–1965 Robert Petrie (Dominion Astrophysical Observatory)
 1960–1962 Seth Barnes Nicholson (Observatórios do Monte Wilson-Palomar; 2º mandato)
 1958–1959 Nicholas Mayall (Observatório Lick; 2º mandato)
 1956–1957 Andrew McKellar (Dominion Astrophysical Observatory)
 1954–1955 Olin Chaddock Wilson (Observatórios do Monte Wilson e Palomar)
 1952–1953 Gerald Kron (Observatório Lick)
 1951 Otto Struve (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1950 Dinsmore Alter (Observatório Griffith)
 1949 Robert Julius Trumpler (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley; 2º mandato)
 1948 Ira Sprague Bowen (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1947 C. Donald Shane (Observatório Lick; 2º mandato)
 1946 Ralph Elmer Wilson (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1945 Ferdinand Neubauer (Observatório Lick)
 1944 Roscoe Frank Sanford (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1943 Armin Otto Leuschner (Universidade da Califórnia, Berkeley; 3º mandato)
 1942 Nicholas Mayall (Observatório Lick)
 1941 Arthur Scott King (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1940 C. Donald Shane (Universidade da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1939 Alfred Harrison Joy (Observatório do Monte Wilson; 2º mandato)
 1938 Hamilton Jeffers (Observatório Lick)
 1937 Harold D. Babcock (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1936 Armin Otto Leuschner (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley; 2º mandato)
 1935 Seth Barnes Nicholson (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1934 Sturla Einarsson (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1933 Edwin Hubble (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1932 Robert Julius Trumpler (Observatório Lick)
 1931 Alfred Harrison Joy (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1930 William Meyer (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1929 Frederick Hanley Seares (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1928 Joseph Haines Moore (Observatório Lick; 2º mandato)
 1927 Paul W. Merrill (Observatório do Monte Wilson)
 1926 Bernard Benfield (2º mandato)
 1925 Bernard Benfield (engenheiro de São Francisco)
 1924 Arthur Black (banqueiro de São Francisco)
 1923 Walter Sydney Adams (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1922 Exum Lewis (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1921 Charles Cushing (advogado de São Francisco, segundo mandato)
 1920 Joseph Haines Moore (Observatório Lick)
 1919 Beverly L. Hodghead (São Francisco, advogada)
 1918 William Wallace Campbell (Observatório Lick, 3º mandato)
 1917 Frank Cornish (São Francisco)
 1916 Sidney Dean Townley (Stanford U., 2º mandato)
 1915 Robert Grant Aitken (Observatório Lick; 2º mandato)
 1914 Russell Crawford (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1913 Alexander George McAdie (Agência Meteorológica dos Estados Unidos)
 1912 Heber Curtis (Observatório Lick)
 1912 John Galloway (Berkeley)
 1911 Fremont Morse (Levantamento Geodésico e Costeiro dos EUA)
 1910 William Wallace Campbell (Observatório Lick, 2º mandato)
 1909 Charles Burckhalter (Observatório Chabot, 2º mandato)
 1908 Charles Cushing (advogado de São Francisco)
 1907 Armin Otto Leuschner (U. da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1906 Sidney Dean Townley (Latitude Observatory, Ukiah)
 1905 George Edwards (Universidade da Califórnia, Berkeley)
 1904 Otto von Geldern (São Francisco)
 1903 Charles Dillon Perrine (Observatório Lick)
 1902 John Dolbeer (empresário madeireiro de São Francisco)
 1901 James Edward Keeler (Observatório Lick)
 1900 George Pardee (oftalmologista e governador da Califórnia)
 1899 Robert Grant Aitken (Observatório Lick)
 1898 William Alvord (comerciante/banqueiro de São Francisco; presidente do Banco da Califórnia; 14º prefeito de São Francisco)
 1897 William Hussey (Observatório Lick) e William Alvord (presidente do banco de San Francisco)
 1896 Charles Burckhalter (Observatório Chabot; Co-fundador)
 1895 William Wallace Campbell (Observatório Lick)
 1894 Eusebius Molera (engenheiro civil de São Francisco)
 1893 John Martin Schaeberle (Observatório Lick)
 1892 William Montgomery Pierson (advogado de São Francisco; redigiu os artigos de incorporação da Sociedade)
 1889–1891 Edward Singleton Holden (Observatório Lick; Fundador)

Referências

Ligações externas

 The Great Debate
 National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
 Portraits of Heber D. Curtis from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collection

Pacifico
Organizações fundadas em 1889
Fundações na Califórnia em 1889

Sociedade Astronômica do Pacífico


Blaise Matuidi (Toulouse, 9. travnja 1987.) umirovljeni je francuski nogometaš i reprezentaciju Francuske. Igrao je na poziciji središnjeg veznog igrača.

Smatra ga se "žestokim i snažnim igračem". Matuidi je započeo svoju nogometnu karijeru igrajući za amaterske klubove u regiji Île-de-France, kao što su US Fontenay-sous-Bois i CO Vincennois. Godine 1999. izabran je za prisustvovanje prestižnoj Clairefontaine akademiji. Nakon odlaska iz Clairefontainea, Matuidi se pridružio poluprofesionalnom klubu Créteil i proveo tri godine razvijajući se u omladinskoj akademiji kluba. Godine 2004. potpisao je za profesionalni klub Troyes i napravio svoj profesionalni debi u sezoni 2004.-'05. Nakon tri sezone s Troyesom, Matuidi se pridružio Saint-Étienneu, s kojim je po prvi put igrao u europskim natjecanjima u izdanju Kupa UEFA 2008.-'09. U sezoni 2009.-'10. postao je kapetan momčadi pod vodstvom trenera Alaina Perrina. U srpnju 2011., nakon četiri sezone sa Saint-Étienneom, Matuidi je prešao u Paris Saint-Germain na trogodišnji ugovor, a zatim u Juventus.

Matuidi je igrao za reprezentaciju Francuske u uzrastima do 19. i 21. godine. U kolovozu 2010., Matuidi je po prvi put pozvan u seniorsku reprezentaciju Francuske pod novim izbornikom Laurentom Blancom. Međunarodni je debi imao u rujnu 2010. godine u kvalifikacijskoj utakmici UEFA-e protiv Bosne i Hercegovine, a od tada je igrao na više Europskih i Svjetskih prvenstava, osvojivši medalju za drugo mjesto na Euru 2016. godine i prvo mjesto na Svjetskom prvenstvu dvije godine kasnije na domaćem terenu.

Izvori

Francuski nogometaši
Nogometaši Juventusa F.C.
Nogometaši Paris Saint-Germaina
Nogometaši AS Saint-Étiennea
Svjetski prvaci u nogometu
Umirovljeni nogometaši

Blaise Matuidi


Chihuahua Resort, actualmente Palmera Beach Resort, es un hotel nudista cuatro estrellas ubicado cerca de la Playa Chihuahua del departamento de Maldonado, Uruguay. Inaugurado el 9 de octubre de 2011, es el primer hotel de su tipo en Sudamérica, y atrae a nudistas de toda la región.

El hotel posee 36 habitaciones, varias piscinas, canchas deportivas, bares, restaurante, parrillada y spa. Las tarifas incluyen todas las comidas y bebidas, y varían únicamente según el período de estadía y la habitación. Chihuahua Resort incluía también un complejo paralelo llamado Paradise Gay Hotel, enfocado en personas LGBT.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial

Hoteles de Maldonado
Nudismo
Turismo en Maldonado
LGBT en Uruguay
Turismo LGBT

Palmera Beach Resort


Kukagami, jezero u kanadskoj provinciji Ontario nedaleko od Sudburyja. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj vidsini od 274 metra (899 stopa). Površina mu iznosi oko 19.8 četvornih kilometara a postoji i znatan broj otoka i otočića. Jezero ima i 130.9 kilometara obale.

U jezeru je popisano 10 vrsta riba: Ameiurus nebulosus, Lota lota, Salvelinus namaycush, Coregonus clupeaformis, Margariscus margarita, Ambloplites rupestris,  Micropterus dolomieu, Sander vitreus, Catostomus commersonii i Perca flavescens.

Izletište za obližnje stanovništvo (kajak, kanu, jedrenje, ribolov, ribolov na ledu, hodanje na krpljama).

Izvori

jezera u Kanadi

Kukagami


Lzip es un programa libre de línea de comandos para la compresión de datos, que emplea el algoritmo LZMA, con una interfaz que es familiar para los usuarios de herramientas de compresión de Unix, como gzip y bzip2.

Lzip se utiliza principalmente para comprimir los ficheros de uno en uno, y también puede crear archivos de múltiples ficheros comprimiendo con lzip la salida de un archivador como tar. Sin embargo lzip es también capaz de crear sus propios archivos multimiembro así como partir la salida para la creación de archivos multivolumen. En el diseño del formato de fichero se ha puesto especial énfasis en la seguridad, conseguida mediante tres factores en la cola del fichero. Esto permite al programa lziprecover detectar y reconstruir ficheros dañados.

La familia de programas lzip fue escrita en C++ y C por Antonio Díaz Díaz y es distribuida como software libre bajo los términos de la Licencia Pública General de GNU versión 2 o posterior.

Historia
7-Zip fue lanzado en 2000; la primera vez que un compresor LZMA estuvo disponible en sistemas operativos tipo Unix fue en 2004, cuando se lanzó un port de la versión de línea de comando de 7-Zip (p7zip). Ese mismo año se lanzó el kit de desarrollo de software de LZMA, que incluía un programa llamado "lzma_alone". Menos de un año después, Lasse Collin publicó LZMA Utils, que al principio sólo consistía en un conjunto de scrips que añadían una interfaz tipo gzip a lzma_alone, y que más tarde se convirtió en el programa lzma escrito en C++ por Ville Koskinen. En agosto de 2008, Antonio Díaz Díaz publicó lzip, el cual usa un formato contenedor bien diseñado con CRC y números mágicos en lugar de los datos LZMA desnudos producidos por lzma_alone, proporcionando una solución completa de estilo Unix para usar LZMA. No obstante, LZMA Utils fue reescrito para proporcionar características similares y después renombrado a XZ Utils.

Adopción
La distribución de GNU/Linux Dragora usa lzip para comprimir y distribuir sus paquetes de software.

En todas las distribuciones populares de GNU/Linux lzip está incluido en el repositorio oficial de paquetes. La herramienta de archivo de GNOME, File Roller, es capaz de manejar ficheros lzip.

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial.

Referencias

Software para Linux
Software para Unix
Compresores de datos libres
Formatos de archivos informáticos

Lzip


Luis José de Ávila Fernández (Oviedo, 1945-Ibidem, 21 de septiembre de 2019) fue un periodista español.

Biografía
Tras titularse como periodista en la Escuela Oficial de Periodismo de Madrid, en 1964 pasó a formar parte del diario la Región de Oviedo, del que llegó a ser director en 1981. Entre 1982 y 1986 lo fue de La Hoja del Lunes y entre 1986 y 1989 de La Voz de Asturias.

Fue corresponsal en Asturias de la Agencia EFE, de Europa Press y del desaparecido diario madrileño Informaciones. También fue colaborador de las emisoras de radio Radio Nacional de España y Onda Cero, así como de Televisión Española en Asturias y de Radio Asturias de la Cadena SER y de la Televisión del Principado de Asturias. Colaboró en el diario La Nueva España, en La Hora de Asturias y en la Radio del Principado de Asturias además del blog www.deavila.eu.

Además de su actividad estrictamente periodística, también desempeñó el cargo de jefe de prensa de la Universidad de Oviedo (1974-1989), el de presidente de la Asociación de Prensa de Oviedo (1990-1998) y el de director de comunicación de HUNOSA desde 1986. Es autor de los libros Los 78 concejos asturianos y Uno de los nuestros: Vicente Vallina, el médico de los mineros.

Falleció en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias a consecuencia de un ictus.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Artículo: Esta ave no levanta vuelo
Biografía en de Ávila.com

Periodistas de Asturias
Periodistas de España del siglo XX
Periodistas de España del siglo XXI
Fallecidos por apoplejía
Nacidos en Oviedo

Luis José Ávila


A Copa da Ásia de Futebol Feminino de 2014 foi a 18ª edição do torneio organizado pela Confederação Asiática de Futebol (AFC). Foi realizada no Vietnã, entre 14 e 25 de maio, e serviu como qualificatória para a Copa do Mundo de Futebol Feminino de 2015, na França.

O Japão venceu a Austrália por 1 a 0 na final e conquistou o título pela segunda vez consecutiva. China e Coreia do Sul completaram a relação de seleções classificadas para o Mundial de 2015.

Seleções classificadas

Sedes
A competição foi jogada em Thủ Dầu Một e na Cidade de Ho Chi Minh

Fase de grupos

Todas as partidas seguem o fuso horário da Jordânia (UTC+3).

Grupo A

Grupo B

Fase final

Disputa pelo 5º lugar

Semifinal

Disputa pelo 3º lugar

Final

Premiações

Individuais


Gökçekent, Karaman ilinin Ermenek ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1522 yılı kayıtlarında Akmanastır olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Karaman il merkezine 194 km, Ermenek ilçe merkezine 34 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Ermenek belde ve köyleri

Gökçekent, Ermenek


Mod Difteri II er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Theodor Christensen efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Om blodtypebestemmelse.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1942

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Mod Difteri II


مريفق هي قرية متوسطة الحجم والمساحة (المصطلح المحلي هجرة) تقع بالقرب من مدينة حائل حيث أن سكانها من قبيلة شمر - فخذ التريبان، هذا وتقع هجرة مريفق بالقرب من مسار وادي صغير يغذي وادي الاديرع الذي يتوسط مدينة حائل ، هذا وتعتبر هجرة مريفق (الاسم الرسمي:  مريفق ويليها بدائع مريفق) قريبة جدا من مطار حائل الدولي مما يمنحها فرصة كبيرة للتطور في حال نقل المطار إلى موقعه الجديد المقرر في مدينة الأمير عبد العزيز بن مساعد الاقتصادية (مدينة حائل الاقتصادية)، بالإضافة إلى ما ذكر فإن النمو السكاني والتطور العمراني الهائل الذي تشهده المنطقة والتوسع الكبير في شبكة الطرق تضع قرية مريفق ضمن الخطط التنموية القادمة بشكل مباشر .
يلاحظ قلة المياه الجوفية السطحية والعميقة كما أن التوسع السكاني في هذه القرية يقابلها نقص حاد في توفر المنشآت التعليمية والصحية حيث لا يوجد سوى مدرسه واحدة ابتدائي ومتوسط ويضطر من خلالها السكان إلى التوجه الدائم إلى مدينة حائل أو القرى الكبيرة والقريبة منهم.

مصادر

قرى منطقة حائل

مريفق


ميشيل موناغان  ممثلة أمريكية من مواليد 23 مارس 1976.

حياتها
درست الصحافة في شيكاغو، ثم تحولت إلى عارضة أزياء وكانت ذات شهرة كبيرة، والتي من خلالها تركت دراستها. من أشهر أفلامها فيلم kiss kiss bang bang مع الممثل روبرت داوني جونير والمهمة المستحيلة 3 مع توم كروز.

الأعمال
 المهمة المستحيلة 3
 بدون نوم
 يوم الوطنيين
 المهمة المستحيلة: تسقط

مواقع خارجية

 Michelle Monaghan interview at reviewgraveyard.com
 Profile of Michelle Monaghan

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مقاطعة بوكانان (آيوا)
أمريكيون من أصل ألماني
أمريكيون من أصل أيرلندي
عارضات أزياء من آيوا
ممثلات أفلام أمريكيات
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 20
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 21
ممثلات تلفزيون أمريكيات
ممثلات من آيوا
ممثلات من أصل ألماني
ممثلات من أصل أيرلندي
مواليد 1976
مواليد في وينثروب
ناجون من سرطان الجلد

ميشيل موناغان


Calvin Eugene Garrett (nacido el  en Parsons, Tennessee) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó tres temporadas en la NBA, además de jugar en la EPBL. Con 2,01 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de alero.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Tras jugar dos temporadas con los Governors de la Universidad Austin Peay, donde fue incluido en 1977 en el mejor quinteto de la Ohio Valley Conference, fue transferido a los Golden Eagles de la Universidad Oral Roberts, donde disputó otras dos, promediando en total 17,0 puntos y 6,4 rebotes por partido. En su última temporada fue incluido en el mejor quinteto de la Horizon League y elegido además Jugador del Año.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la cuadragésimo séptima posición del Draft de la NBA de 1979 por Chicago Bulls, pero no se incorporó a la liga profesional hasta el año siguiente, tras cumplir su última temporada como universitario. Los Bulls lo traspasaron entonces a los Houston Rockets a cambio de una futura segunda ronda del draft. Allí jugó dos temporadas. en la primera de ellas, actuando como suplente de Robert Reid, llegó a disputar las Finales, en las que cayeron ante Boston Celtics, promediando Garrett 6,1 puntos y 3,8 rebotes por partido.

Poco después del comienzo de la temporada 1982-83 fue despedido, jugando el resto de la misma en los Montana Golden Nuggets de la EPBL. Al año siguiente ficha como agente libre por Los Angeles Lakers, donde jugaría su última temporada como profesional, promediando 4,6 puntos y 1,7 rebotes por partido.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Estadísticas en la NCAA

Baloncestistas de Tennessee
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Austin Peay Governors
Baloncestistas de los Oral Roberts Golden Eagles
Baloncestistas de los Houston Rockets
Baloncestistas de Los Angeles Lakers
Baloncestistas de los Montana Golden Nuggets

Calvin Garrett


La Estacada est la capitale de la paroisse civile de Rincón Hondo dans la municipalité de Muñoz dans l'État d'Apure au Venezuela.

Notes et références

Localité dans l'État d'Apure

La Estacada


Nikola Dobrečić (Bartula, 28. siječnja 1872. – Zagreb, 14. studenog 1955.) je bio srpski katolički svećenik i kasnije Nadbiskup Barski i primas Srbije od 16. siječnja 1912. – 14. studenoga 1955.

Rodio se u selu Bartuli u Crnoj Gori, onda u turskom carstvu.

Od 1890. u Rimu pohađa Gradski koledž, uspješno ga završava i doktorira bogoslovlje zatim i filozofiju. Svećenik postaje u bazilici svetog Ivana lateranskog 1898. Šimun Milinović je bio njegov prethodnik na mjestu barskih nadbiksupa, ali smrću Milinovića Dobrećič je postavljen 1912. za novog nadbiksupa. Imao je srpsku nacionalnu svijest. Sagradio je crkvu svetog Nikole u Baru i nadbiskupsku zgradu. Umire u Zagrebu 1955. godine. Brat mu je bio Filip Dobrečić.

Izvori

Crnogorski katolički svećenici
Životopisi, Bar
Nadbiskupi
Barski nadbiskupi

Nikola Dobrečić


Mekerstuk  es un jútor del raión de Krymsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Está situado en las vertientes septentrionales del extremo de poniente del Cáucaso Occidental, en la cabecera de uno de los tributarios del río Gechepsin, afluente del Adagum, de la cuenca del Kubán, 9 km al noroeste de Krymsk y 92 km al oeste de Krasnodar. Tenía 219 habitantes en 2010

Pertenece al municipio Moldavanskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde  este enlace.
Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Меккерстук.
Sitio web del municipio
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net.

Localidades del raión de Krymsk del krai de Krasnodar

Mekerstuk


Koen er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1944 instrueret af Søren Melson og efter manuskript af Kai Johansen, Karl Roos og Viggo Steensberg.

Handling
Koens betydning for især landets økonomi.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1944

Koen (dokumentarfilm)


An Mycaranthes mindanaensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni James Edward Cootes och Wally Suarez. An Mycaranthes mindanaensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mycaranthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mycaranthes

Mycaranthes mindanaensis


William James Sidis (; April 1, 1898 – July 17, 1944) was an American child prodigy with exceptional mathematical and linguistic skills. He wrote the book The Animate and the Inanimate, published in 1925 (written around 1920), in which he speculated about the origin of life in the context of thermodynamics.

His father, the psychiatrist Boris Sidis, raised his son according to certain principles with the desire for his son to be gifted. Sidis became famous first for his precocity and later for his eccentricity and withdrawal from public life. Eventually, he avoided mathematics altogether, writing on other subjects under a number of pseudonyms. He entered Harvard University at age 11 and, as an adult, was said to have an IQ between 250 and 300, and to be conversant in about 25 languages and dialects. Some of these statements have not been verified, but many of his contemporaries, including Norbert Wiener, Daniel Frost Comstock, and William James, agreed that he was extremely intelligent.

Biography

Parents and upbringing (1898–1908)
Sidis was born to Jewish emigrants from Ukraine, on April 1, 1898, in New York City. His father, Boris Sidis, had emigrated in 1887 to escape political and antisemitic persecution. His mother, Sarah (Mandelbaum) Sidis, and her family had fled the pogroms in the late 1880s. She attended Boston University and graduated from its School of Medicine in 1897. William was named after his godfather, Boris's friend and colleague, the American philosopher William James. Boris was a psychiatrist and published many books and articles, performing pioneering work in abnormal psychology. He was a polyglot, and his son William also became one at a young age.

Sidis's parents believed in nurturing precocious and fearless love of knowledge, although their methods of parenting were criticized in the media and retrospectively. Sidis could read the New York Times at 18 months. By age eight, he had reportedly taught himself eight languages (Latin, Greek, French, Russian, German, Hebrew, Turkish, and Armenian) and invented another, which he called "Vendergood".

Harvard University and college life (1909–1914)
Although the university had previously refused to let his father enroll him at age 9 because he was still a child, in 1909, at age 11, Sidis set a record by becoming the youngest person to enroll at Harvard University. In early 1910, Sidis's mastery of higher mathematics was such that he lectured the Harvard Mathematical Club on four-dimensional bodies, attracting nationwide attention. Notable child prodigy cybernetics pioneer Norbert Wiener, who attended Harvard at the time and knew Sidis, wrote in his book Ex-Prodigy: "The talk would have done credit to a first or second-year graduate student of any age...talk represented the triumph of the unaided efforts of a very brilliant child." MIT physics professor Daniel F. Comstock was full of praises: "Karl Friedrich Gauss is the only example in history, of all prodigies, whom Sidis resembles. I predict that young Sidis will be a great astronomical mathematician. He will evolve new theories and invent new ways of calculating astronomical phenomena. I believe he will be a great mathematician, the leader in that science in the future." Sidis began taking a full-time course load in 1910 and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude, on June 18, 1914, at age 16, earning a mixture of A, B and C grades.

Shortly after graduation, Sidis told reporters: "I want to live the perfect life. The only way to live the perfect life is to live it in seclusion". He granted an interview to a reporter from the Boston Herald. The paper reported Sidis's vows to remain celibate and never to marry, as he said women did not appeal to him. Later he developed a strong affection for Martha Foley, and enrolled at Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

Teaching and further education (1915–1919)
After a group of Harvard students physically threatened Sidis, his parents secured him a job at the William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science, and Art (now Rice University) in Houston, Texas, as a mathematics teaching assistant. He arrived at Rice in December 1915 at age 17. He was a graduate fellow working toward his doctorate.

Sidis taught three classes: Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, and freshman math (he wrote a textbook for the Euclidean geometry course in Greek). After less than a year, frustrated with the department, his teaching requirements, and his treatment by students older than himself, he left his post and returned to New England. When a friend later asked him why he had left, he replied, "I never knew why they gave me the job in the first place—I'm not much of a teacher. I didn't leave: I was asked to go." Sidis abandoned his pursuit of a graduate degree in mathematics and enrolled at Harvard Law School in September 1916, but withdrew in good standing in his final year in March 1919.

Politics and arrest (1919–1921)
In 1919, shortly after his withdrawal from law school, Sidis was arrested for participating in a socialist May Day parade in Boston that turned violent. He was sentenced to 18 months in prison under the Sedition Act of 1918 by Roxbury Municipal Court Judge Albert F. Hayden. Sidis's arrest featured prominently in newspapers, as his early graduation from Harvard had garnered considerable local celebrity status. During the trial, Sidis said he had been a conscientious objector to the World War I draft, was a socialist, and did not believe in a god like the "big boss of the Christians", but rather in something that is in a way apart from a human being. He later developed his own libertarian philosophy based on individual rights and "the American social continuity". His father arranged with the district attorney to keep Sidis out of prison before his appeal came to trial; instead, his parents held him in their sanatorium in New Hampshire for a year. They took him to California, where he spent another year. At the sanatorium, his parents set about "reforming" him and threatened him with transfer to an insane asylum.

Later life (1921–1944)
After returning to the East Coast in 1921, Sidis was determined to live an independent and private life. He only took work running adding machines or other fairly menial tasks. He worked in New York City and became estranged from his parents. It took years before he was legally cleared to return to Massachusetts, and he was concerned for years about his risk of arrest. He obsessively collected streetcar transfers, wrote self-published periodicals, and taught small circles of interested friends his version of American history. In 1933, Sidis passed a Civil Service exam in New York, but scored a low ranking of 254. In a private letter, Sidis wrote that this was "not so encouraging". In 1935, he wrote an unpublished manuscript, The Tribes and the States, which traces Native American contributions to American democracy.

In 1944, Sidis won a settlement from The New Yorker for an article published in 1937. He had alleged it contained many false statements. Under the title "Where Are They Now?", James Thurber pseudonymously described Sidis's life as lonely, in a "hall bedroom in Boston's shabby South End". Lower courts had dismissed Sidis as a public figure with no right to challenge personal publicity. He lost an appeal of an invasion of privacy lawsuit at the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1940 over the same article. Judge Charles Edward Clark expressed sympathy for Sidis, who claimed that the publication had exposed him to "public scorn, ridicule, and contempt" and caused him "grievous mental anguish [and] humiliation", but found that the court was not disposed to "afford to all the intimate details of private life an absolute immunity from the prying of the press".

Sidis died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1944 in Boston at age 46.

Writing and research
Sidis's writing covered a broad range of subjects. He wrote about cosmology, Native American history, and rail transportation, and invented a language called Vendergood. In The Animate and the Inanimate (1925), Sidis predicted the existence of regions of space where the second law of thermodynamics operates in the reverse temporal direction of our local area. The Tribes and the States () purports to give a history of the settlement of the Americas from prehistoric times to 1828. Sidis suggests that "there were red men at one time in Europe as well as in America".

Sidis was a "peridromophile", a term he coined for people fascinated with transportation research and streetcar systems. He wrote a treatise on streetcar transfers, Notes on the Collection of Transfers,that identified means of increasing public transport usage. In 1930, Sidis received a patent for a rotary perpetual calendar that took into account leap years.

For this work,  he was invited to speak at the inaugural "genius meeting" in 1926, hosted by Winifred Sackville Stoner's League for Fostering Genius in Tuckahoe, New York.

The Animate and the Inanimate
Sidis wrote The Animate and the Inanimate to elaborate his thoughts on the origin of life, cosmology, and the potential reversibility of the second law of thermodynamics through Maxwell's Demon, among other things. It was published in 1925, but it has been suggested that Sidis was working on the theory as early as 1916. One motivation for the theory appears to be to explain psychologist and philosopher William James's "reserve energy" theory, which proposed that people subjected to extreme conditions could use "reserve energy". Sidis's own "forced prodigy" upbringing was a result of testing the theory. The work is one of the few that Sidis did not write under a pseudonym.

In The Animate and the Inanimate, Sidis writes that the universe is infinite and contains sections of "negative tendencies" where the laws of physics are reversed, juxtaposed with "positive tendencies", which swap over epochs of time. He writes that there was no "origin of life": life has always existed and has only changed through evolution. Sidis adopted Eduard Pflüger's cyanogen-based life theory, and cites "organic" things such as almonds that have cyanogen that does not kill. Because cyanogen is normally highly toxic, almonds are a strange anomaly. Sidis describes his theory as a fusion of the mechanistic model of life and the vitalist model, as well as entertaining the notion that life came to earth from asteroids (as advanced by Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz). Sidis also writes that functionally speaking, stars are "alive" and undergo an eternally repeating light-dark cycle, reversing the second law in the dark portion of the cycle.

Sidis's theory was ignored upon release, only to be found in an attic in 1979. Upon this discovery, Buckminster Fuller (who was a classmate of Sidis) wrote in a letter to Gerard Piel:

Vendergood language
Sidis created a constructed language called Vendergood in his second book, the Book of Vendergood, which he wrote at age 8. The language was mostly based on Latin and Greek, but also drew on German and French and other Romance languages. It distinguished between eight moods: indicative, potential, imperative absolute, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, optative, and Sidis's own "". One of its chapters is titled "Imperfect and Future Indicative Active". Other parts explain the origin of Roman numerals. It uses base 12 instead of base 10:

  – 'one'
  – 'two'
  – 'three'
  – 'four'
  – 'five'
  – 'six'
  – 'seven'
  () – 'eight'
  – 'nine'
  – 'ten'
  – 'eleven'
  – 'twelve'
  () – 'thirteen'

Most of the examples are presented in the form of tests:

 'Do I love the young man?' =
 'The bowman obscures.' =
 'I am learning Vendergood.' =
 'What do you learn?' (sing.). =
 'I obscure ten farmers.' =

The Tribes and the States
The Tribes and the States (c. 1935) is Sidis's history of the Native Americans, focusing on the Northeastern tribes and continuing to the mid-19th century. It was written around 1935 but never completed, and remained unpublished at the time of Sidis's death. He wrote it under the pseudonym "John W. Shattuck". Much of the history was taken from wampum belts; Sidis explained, "The weaving of wampum belts is a sort of writing by means of belts of colored beads, in which the various designs of beads denoted different ideas according to a definitely accepted system, which could be read by anyone acquainted with wampum language, irrespective of what the spoken language is. Records and treaties are kept in this manner, and individuals could write letters to one another in this way." Much of the book is centered on Native Americans' influence on migrating Europeans and the formation of the United States.  It describes the origin of the federations that were important to the Founding Fathers.

Legacy
After his death, Sidis's sister Helena said that he had an IQ "the very highest that had ever been obtained", as reported in Abraham Sperling's 1946 book Psychology for the Millions. Sperling wrote:

Some of his biographers, such as Amy Wallace, may have exaggerated his IQ. It has been acknowledged that Helena and William's mother Sarah had a reputation for exaggerated statements about her family. Helena may have falsely stated that the Civil Service exam William took in 1933 was an IQ test and that his ranking of 254 was an IQ score of 254. It is speculated that the number "254" was actually William's placement on the list after he passed the Civil Service exam, as he wrote in a letter to his family. Helena also said: "Billy knew all the languages in the world, while my father only knew 27. I wonder if there were any Billy didn't know." This statement was not backed by any source outside the Sidis family, and Sarah Sidis also made the improbable statement in her 1950 book The Sidis Story that William could learn a language in just one day. Regardless of the exaggerations, contemporaries such as MIT physics professor Daniel Frost Comstock and American mathematician Norbert Wiener, who wrote about Sidis in his autobiography, judged him to have had genuine ability.

Sidis's life and work, particularly his ideas about Native Americans, are extensively discussed in Robert M. Pirsig's book Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991). Sidis is also discussed in Wiener's autobiography, Ex-Prodigy.

In fiction, the Danish author  novel The Perfect Life of William Sidis (2011) is based on Sidis's life. Another novel based on Sidis's life was written by the German author  in 2017.

In education discussions
Sidis's upbringing emphasized intellectual pursuits at the expense of other qualities. In 1909, The New York Times derisively portrayed Sidis as "a wonderfully successful result of a scientific forcing experiment". His mother maintained that newspaper accounts of her son bore little resemblance to him.

Criticism of his father's child-rearing methods occurred within a larger discourse about the best way to educate children. Most educators of the day believed that schools should expose children to common experiences to create good citizens. Most psychologists thought intelligence was hereditary, a position that precluded early childhood education at home.

The difficulties Sidis encountered in dealing with the social structure of a collegiate setting may have shaped opinion against allowing such children to rapidly advance through higher education in his day. Research indicates that a challenging curriculum can relieve social and emotional difficulties gifted children commonly experience.

Bibliography
 The Animate and the Inanimate (1925)
 The Tribes and the States () (PDF file)

See also
 Savant syndrome

References

Sources

External links
 Sidis Archives at Sidis.net
 Article about William James Sidis at "The Straight Dope"

1898 births
1944 deaths
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American mathematicians
American anti-war activists
American conscientious objectors
American inventors
American libertarians
American pacifists
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American socialists
American spiritualists
Harvard Law School alumni
Jewish American writers
Rice University alumni
Rice University faculty
Left-libertarians
20th-century American anthropologists
20th-century American male writers
Harvard College alumni
Pseudonymous writers

William James Sidis


Leptogramma, rod papratnjača iz porodice Thelypteridaceae, dio reda osladolike. Postoje 29 vrsta iz Azije, uglavnom Himalaja (južna Kina), do Japana i Malezije na jug, po jedna u Europi i Južnoj Africi i dvije u Sjevernoj Americi

Vrste

 Leptogramma amabilis Tagawa
 Leptogramma burksiorum (J. E. Watkins & Farrar) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma celebica Ching
 Leptogramma centrochinensis Ching ex Y. X. Lin
 Leptogramma crenata (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Leptogramma cyrtomioides (C. Chr.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma dissitifolia (Holttum) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma gymnocarpa (Copel.) Ching
 Leptogramma himalaica Ching
 Leptogramma huishuiensis Ching ex Y. X. Lin
 Leptogramma intermedia Ching ex Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma jinfoshanensis Ching & Z. Y. Liu
 Leptogramma jinyunensis Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma latipinna (Ching ex Y. X. Lin) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma leptogrammoides (K. Iwats.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma liui Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma mollissima (Fisch. ex Kunze) Ching
 Leptogramma petiolata Ching
 Leptogramma pilosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Underw.
 Leptogramma pozoi (Lag.) Heywood
 Leptogramma scallanii (Christ) Ching
 Leptogramma sinensis (Ching & W. M. Chu) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma sinica Ching ex Y. X. Lin
 Leptogramma stegnogrammopsis (C. F. Reed) Fraser-Jenk.
 Leptogramma subcalcarata (Alderw.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma totta (Schltdl.) J. Sm.
 Leptogramma tottoides Hayata ex H. Itô
 Leptogramma xingwenensis (Ching ex Y. X. Lin) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo
 Leptogramma yahanensis Ching ex Y. X. Lin

Sinonimi
 Thelypteris subgen.Leptogramma (J.Sm.) C.F.Reed
 Craspedosorus Ching & W.M.Chu

Izvori

Thelypteridaceae

Leptogramma


Besta deildin er nafn efstu deilda í knattspyrnu á Íslandi og getur átt við:

 Besta deild karla
 Besta deild kvenna

Besta deildin


Strangeland (Tierra Extraña) es el cuarto álbum de estudio de la banda británica de rock alternativo Keane. Fue publicado el 7 de mayo de 2012. Fue directo al número 1 de las listas británicas tras su lanzamiento.

El título del álbum fue anunciado el 26 de febrero del mismo año de forma extraoficial. Este es el primer álbum de estudio oficialmente como cuarteto desde la inclusión oficial de Jesse Quin a la banda.

Keane comenzó a grabar su nuevo disco después del término del Mt. Desolation Tour, gira de promoción del proyecto alterno de Tim Rice-Oxley y Jesse Quin. Los primeros títulos de las nuevas canciones fueron revelados en una edición de abril de 2012 en la revista Q.

Sencillos
El primer sencillo fue Silenced by the night y fue lanzado mundialmente el 13 de marzo. El segundo sencillo del cuarto disco es Disconnected, cuyo videoclip fue rodado por Juan Antonio Bayona (El Orfanato) en Barcelona y fue emitido mundialmente el 16 de abril.

Lista de canciones
La lista de canciones extraoficial fue hecha pública el 26 de febrero de 2012, por el portal de ventas por Internet, Amazon.co.uk.

Todas las canciones han sido escritas por Tim Rice-Oxley (principal compositor), Tom Chaplin, Richard Hughes y Jesse Quin.

Bonus Tracks (sólo en ediciones Deluxe)

Bonus Tracks (sólo en edición Deluxe de iTunes)

Posiciones en la lista PROMUSICAE

Ediciones disponibles

Referencias

Álbumes de 2012
Álbumes de Keane
Álbumes certificados de oro por la British Phonographic Industry
Álbumes de Island Records
Álbumes en inglés

Strangeland


El sitio de Balj fue un éxito clave en el ascenso al poder de Tamerlán, y lo estableció como el gobernante del Kanato de Chagatai occidental, en Transoxiana.

Doce años antes Tamerlán había sido un miembro menor de la tribu de los Barlas, una de las muchas tribus en la parte occidental del Kanato de Chagatai. Desde la década de 1330 el kanato se había dividido en dos, entre Transoxiana en el oeste y Mogulistán en el este. Entre 1347 y 1358 Transoxiana fue gobernada por Amir Qazaghan, pero en 1358 fue asesinado por orden de Tughlugh Timur, kan de Mogulistán. Esto fue seguido por una invasión de Mogulistán. Hajji Beg, gobernante de la tribu Barlas, decidió huir, pero Tamerlán ofreció sus servicios a los mogoles, como consecuencia se convirtió en jefe de la tribu. Durante este período Tamerlán formó una alianza con Amir Husayn de Balj, un nieto de Qazaghan, casándose con su hermana.

El período de Tamerlán como vasallo mogol llegó a su fin cuando Tughlugh Timur nombró a su hijo Ilyas Khoja como gobernador de Transoxiana. Tamerlán y Husayn se rebelaron, pasando a la clandestinidad. En los próximos años Tamerlán sobrevivió como un bandido y mercenario, y fue probablemente durante este período que sufrió las heridas que causaron su famosa cojera. Con el tiempo los dos hombres fueron capaces de forzar los mogoles de Transoxiana, pero solo por un corto período de tiempo. En 1365 Ilyas Khoja regresó a la cabeza de un ejército, derrotando a Tamerlán y Husayn en la batalla de Tashkent. Husayn falló en apoyar a Tamerlán en esta batalla, probablemente desempeñó un papel en el posible final de su alianza, pero por el momento los dos hombres permanecieron juntos. Ilyas Khoja fue incapaz de sacar provecho de su victoria. Avanzó a sitiar Samarcanda, pero fue rechazado y obligado a retirarse de nuevo a Mogulistán, donde en 1369 fue derrocada su familia.

Tras el fracaso de este sitio Tamerlán y Husayn consiguieron hacerse con el control de Samarcanda. Parece ser que hubo un periodo de «guerra fría», ambos se unían frente a las nuevas amenazas de los mogoles, pero luchaban entre ellos el resto del tiempo. Al parecer Tamerlán tuvo más éxito que Husayn forjándose apoyos, consiguió mantener un equilibrio entre los nómadas que formaban el núcleo del ejército y los habitantes más sedentarios de las ciudades. En cambio Husayn se ganó la enemistad de muchos nómadas al reconstruir la ciudad y la ciudadela de Balj, en el borde suroccidental del kanato de Chagatai. Esta ciudad tenía una larga historia y había sido una de las joyas del mundo islámico antes de ser destruida por Gengis Kan en 1220. Todavía permanecía deshabitada en 1333, y la decisión de Husayn de reconstruirla preocupaba a los nómadas que lo apoyaban, que tradicionalmente preferían que sus líderes dependieran de la fuerza de sus tropas y no de las fortificaciones (disputas similares habían acelerado la división original del kanato de Chagatai).

En 1370 (algunas fuentes afirman 1369) Tamerlán decidió atacar a Husayn en Balj. Después de cruzar el río Amu Daria en Termez su ejército rodeó la reconstruida ciudad. El ejército de Husayn salió de la ciudad para atacar a los hombres de Tamerlán, lo cual sugiere que no estaban contentos al verse sitiados. Lo mismo ocurrió en el segundo día de la batalla, pero los hombres de Tamerlán se las arreglaron para entrar en la ciudad. Husayn se encerró dentro de la ciudadela, dejando que los hombres de Tarmerlán saquearan la ciudad.

Al darse cuenta de que no podía esperar ganar tiempo, Husayn se ofreció a dejar Mawarannahr e ir en peregrinación a la Meca si Tamerlán le perdonaba la vida. Tamerlán aceptó estos términos, pero Husayn no estaba convencido de poder confiar en él. Después de un fallido intento de esconderse de los hombres de Tamerlán Husayn fue finalmente capturado y entregado a Tamerlán. Tamerlán mantuvo a la letra de su promesa – pero Husayn fue asesinado por Kay-Khusrau, un jefe que tenía una enemistad a muerte con él.

La derrota de Husayn hizo de Tamerlán el poder principal en Mawarannahr y Chagatai occidental, pero las leyes establecidas por Gengis Kan le impidieron convertirse en kan por derecho propio. En cambio un kan «títere» descendiente de Ogedei, Suurgatmish, había sido instalado. Tamerlán incremento su propia legitimidad al casarse con la viuda de Husayn Saray Mulk, una princesa descendiente de Gengis Kan. Ella comenzó a ser su reina más importante, y permitió a Tamerlán llamarse Temur Gurgan, o «yerno del Gran Kan». Esta forma de su nombre fue utilizado en sus monedas, en las oraciones del viernes y en ceremonias oficiales por el resto de su vida.

Balj fue saqueada y la ciudadela y el palacio destruidos. A pesar de esto Tamerlán eligió Balj como el sitio para una ceremonia en la que los líderes tribales de los Chagatai occidentales acordaron aceptar su gobierno. Tamerlán pasó la mayor parte de la siguiente década asegurando su autoridad sobre los Chagatai, así como sobre las campañas en el este, antes de comenzar su famosa serie de conquistas durante la década de 1380.

Referencias
The Timurid Dynasty
 René Grousset, L'empire des Steppes, versio francesa 1938 reedició 4ª 1965, i versió anglesa 1970. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9
 Hodong Kim, "The Early History of the Moghul Nomads: The Legacy of the Chaghatai Khanate." The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy. Ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss i David Morgan. Leiden: Brill, 1998. ISBN 90-04-11048-8
 Beatrice Forbes Manz, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1989. ISBN 0-521-63384-2
 Mirza Muhammad Haidar. The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia). Traduit per Edward Denison Ross, editat per N. Elias. Londres, 1895.

Balj

Batallas de Afganistán

Afganistán en el siglo XIV

Conflictos en 1370
Batallas de Tamerlán

Sitio de Balj (1370)


හින්දු ආගමෙහි, කමලාත්මිකා () හෙවත් කමලා () යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ සිය ගෞරවනීයභාවයෙන් පිරිපුන් දේවීගේ ස්වරූපයකි. ඇය දසවන මහාවිද්‍යාව යැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ.

මේවාත් බලන්න
දේවී
මහාවිද්‍යා

සටහන්

වැඩිදුර කියවීමට
Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions () by David Kinsley

හින්දු දෙවඟනෝ
මහාවිද්‍යාවෝ
ලක්ෂ්මී

කමලාත්මිකා


عزب الطرانة إحدى قرى مركز السادات التابع لمحافظة المنوفية في جمهورية مصر العربية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان عزب الطرانة 715 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة قرى محافظة المنوفية

مصادر

قرى السادات

عزب الطرانة


Ilija Pejić (Pećnik, 17. srpnja 1956. – Bjelovar, 4. kolovoza 2021.), književni povjesničar i književni kritičar, urednik i kulturni djelatnik, od 1985. živi i radi u Bjelovaru.

Školovanje i rad
Osnovnu školu završio u Donjim Andrijevcima (1972.), klasičnu gimnaziju polazio u Zagrebu i Đakovu (1972. – 1976.), a 1983. diplomirao je kroatistiku na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Predavao je hrvatski jezik na školama u Virju (1984.-1990.) i Bjelovaru (1990. – 1992.), od 1992. uposlen je u Narodnoj knjižnici ″Petar Preradović″ u Bjelovaru  na mjestu voditelja Županijske matične službe. Zvanje dipl. knjižničara stekao je 1995., višeg  knjižničara 2001., a  knjižničarskog savjetnika 2010.

Pokretač je i koordinator brojnih projekata preuređenja, opremanja i informatizacije knjižnica: Informatizacija narodnih i školskih knjižnica Bjelovarsko-bilogorske i Virovitičko-podravske županije (2000. – 2008.); Informacije o EU u narodnim knjižnicama Bjelovarsko-bilogorske, Virovitičko-podravske i Koprivničko-križevačke županije (2004. – 2007.); Susreti najčitatelja narodnih knjižnica Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije (2004. -  ); moderator stručnih skupova Lovrakovih dana kulture (1998. – 2013.)…

Napisao je stotinjak studija o hrvatskim piscima, filolozima, pedagozima i kulturnim djelatnicima a isto toliko iz knjižničarstva. Urednik i priređivač te recenzent je četrdesetak knjiga, član uredništva nekoliko časopisa (Bjelovarski učitelj, Svezak, Radovi HAZU…), organizator i moderator brojnih stručnih i znanstvenih skupova na kojima je nerijetko i predavao.

Napisane knjige
Samostalno je objavio osam tiskanih knjiga:
Izgubljeni govor (1994.),
Zavičajna zbirka Narodne knjižnice ″P. Preradović″ Bjelovar (1996.),
Književno-jezične i metodičke rasprave (1997.),
Narodne knjižnice na kraju 20. stoljeća (2000.),
Neodoljiva moć riječi  (2002.),
Prožimanja: književnopovijesne studije i ogledi (2008.),
Čitaonice u Grubišnom Polju: kulturni život Grubišnog Polja od razvojačenja 1871. do kraja Drugog svjetskog rata 1945. (2014.)
Mirisi iscrpljena vala: književni i kulturni život šireg bjelovarskog prostora u 20. stoljeću  (2017.).
Fragmenti iz kulturnog i književnog života u Bjelovaru (2019.).
Svitanje nad gradom: kulturni i književni život Daruvara 90-ih godina 20. stoljeća (2020.).

Dvije knjige je izdao u suautorstvu:

Izdanja HAZU u fondovima i zbirkama narodnih knjižnica Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije: 150 godina Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti: katalog izložbe. [Suautor Vladimir Strugar] (2011.) i
Priča o knjizi na kotačima: povijest Bibliobusne službe Narodne knjižnice "Petar Preradović" Bjelovar /1972. – 2012./. [Suautor Željko Prohaska] (2012.)

Autor je i web stranice ″Đuro Sudeta″ / http://library.foi.hr/sudeta. na osnovu koje je nastala 2007. elektronička knjiga  Pjesnik i pripovjedač Đuro Sudeta. U suautorstvu s Ivanom Zelenbrzom i Matijom Turkaljem nastao je dokumentarni film Srebrna knjižnica: Gradska knjižnica Virovitica (2007.).

Projekt Književni i kulturni život šireg bjelovarskog prostora u 20. stoljeću započeo je 2004. Do danas su objavljene tri studije u Radovima Zavoda HAZU u Bjelovaru 2007., 2008. i 2014., knjiga Prožimanja i na koncu sveobuhvatna monografija Mirisi iscrpljena vala (Zagreb: Alfa, 2017.)..

Član je Hrvatskog knjižničarskog društva, Društva knjižničara Bilogore, Podravine i Kalničkog prigorja (predsjednik 2004. – 2008.), Matice hrvatske, Hrvatskog pedagoško-književnoga zbora, Ogranak u Bjelovaru, Družbe "Braća Hrvatskoga Zmaja" - Zmajski stol u Bjelovaru (pročelnik), Znanstvenog vijeća Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad HAZU u Bjelovaru. Surađuje u brojnim novinama i časopisima (Bjelovarac, Bjelovarski list, Večernji list, Školske novine, Radovi, Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske, Bjelovarski učitelj, Forum, Kolo, Marulić, Svezak…).

Nagrade i priznanja

Za stručni i znanstveni rad te doprinose u kulturi i knjižničarstvu dobio je niz priznanja: Red Danice hrvatske s likom Marka Marulića (1996.), Povelju Općine Virje (2002.), Povelju Grada Slatine (2003.), Pečat Grada Bjelovara (2007.), Kukuljevićevu povelju (2008.), Nagradu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice za 2013. godinu (2014.), Povelju Lovrakovih dana kulture (2014.), Plaketu Tihomir Trnski Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije (2015.) i Povelju Grada Grubišno Polje (2015.).

Izvori

Životopisi, Bjelovar
Hrvatski povjesničari
Hrvatski književni kritičari

Ilija Pejić


Robert Tabarot est un champion d'Afrique du Nord de boxe, membre fondateur du Front Algérie Française et l'un des chefs de l'OAS à Oran. Il est né le  à Paris 10ème et mort le  à Cannes.

Biographie
Surnommé « Le Rocher », Robert est un ancien champion d'Afrique du Nord de boxe où il accumule toutes les médailles : moyen, mi-lourd, puis lourd , avant d'arrêter à 30 ans, en 1958. Il devient commerçant en Algérie et vend des pièces détachées de voitures.

Il est le neveu de Pierre Tabarot, propriétaire du journal socialiste l'Oran Républicain.

Dès 1955, en réaction aux attentats du FLN, il fonde un groupe armé contre terroriste avec Athanase Georgopoulos. Il est un des membres fondateurs du Front Algérie Française en juin 1960 , sur la base du dit FNF, avec le conseiller général Guy Villeneuve , Gaby Conesa et Yves Santini, lui aussi conseiller général d'Oran et qui devint le porte-parole du mouvement.

Bras droit du général Jouhaud à Oran, il devient, en 1961, l'un des chefs de l'OAS en Oranais, chargé du bureau des contacts politiques.

Après les accords d'Évian, en 1962, il quitte l'Algérie et se réfugie, comme beaucoup de pieds-noirs et de membres de l'OAS, à Alicante, où il ouvre une pizzeria, et où il est considéré par les autorités espagnoles comme l'intermédiaire des pieds-noirs d'Alicante.

Il va se consacrer au soutien des anciens membres de l'OAS via l'association Solidarité et Union française, et négocie avec Michel Baroin le retour des clandestins réfugiés en Espagne.

Après la loi d'amnistie des anciens de l'OAS de juillet 1968 ,  il rentre en France en 1969, et s'installe à Cannes, où il gère une plage. Il y est élu conseiller municipal de 1977 à 1983.

En 1976, il ouvre la première maison du Pied-noir de France à Mandelieu pour .

Avec Jeannette, sa femme, il aura une fille, Michèle, née en 1962 à Alicante, et deux fils, Roch, né à Alicante et Philippe, né en 1970 à Cannes

En 1985, il inaugure Aqualandia, un parc aquatique de , à Benidorm, en Espagne.

Il meurt le  à Cannes.

Décorations
Il est fait Chevalier de l'Ordre national du mérite en 1979

Références

Naissance en mars 1928
Décès en octobre 2015
Personnalité pied-noire
Naissance dans le 10e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à Cannes
Décès à 87 ans
Chevalier de l'ordre national du Mérite
Partisan de l'Algérie française

Robert Tabarot