Murder Was the Case is a 1994 short film and soundtrack album starring and performed by Snoop Doggy Dogg. The 18 minute film was directed by Dr. Dre and Fab Five Freddy and chronicles the fictional death of Snoop Dogg and his resurrection after making a deal with the Devil. The film's title comes from Snoop's song of the same name from his debut album, Doggystyle, which had been released a year earlier.

The single "What Would You Do?" by Tha Dogg Pound was included on the Natural Born Killers soundtrack and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in the 38th Annual Grammy Awards in 1996. The album was re-released with a bonus DVD containing three music videos on July 11, 2006.

Tupac Shakur was paid $200,000 by Death Row Records owner Suge Knight to record a song for the album, but the track ("Life's So Hard" featuring Snoop Doggy Dogg) was never used on the official soundtrack release; it was later released on the soundtrack for his posthumously released film, Gang Related.

Critical reception

Rolling Stone (12/29/94-1/12/95, p. 178) - "...[It] isn't the trailblazer that Dre's The Chronic was last year. But it is rap very nearly as strong. Featuring West Coast stalwarts...and new discoveries..., Dre and Dat Nigga Daz present gangsta- and R&B-infected fare that slams..."
Entertainment Weekly (11/11/94, p. 76) - "...confirms...Dr. Dre as the new king of pop. In addition to the ominous remix of Snoop's title song, Dre reunites with Ice Cube...Dre's G-funk sound may be the hardest in the land, but it's also the most gut-wrenchingly soulful..." - Rating: A
Q magazine (1/95, p. 258) - 3 Stars - Good - "...While most ears will be tuned to the bile'n'beats of "Natural Born Killaz"...the best track here is from Snoop's young protege, Nate Dogg....One of West Coast rap's more imaginative albums."
The Source (1/95, p. 85) - 4 Stars - Slammin' - "...while Jodeci duets with Tha Dogg Pound and an all-star cast to try their hand at the G-Funk sound, Dre begins plotting his next move...heavy-metal bass meets chunky keyboards..."
NME (12/24/94, p. 23) - Ranked #8 in NME's list of the 10 best compilation albums of 1994.
NME (10/15/94, p. 53) - 7 - Very Good - "...anyone expecting this to signal Dre's decline is kidding themselves. Murder Was the Case shows the old dogg has plenty of new tricks..."

Commercial performance
In the United States, on the chart dated November 5, 1994, Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one, powered by first week sales 329,000 units. The album opened at the top spot of the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold. The album was certified platinum on December 6, 1994 and it was certified 2× platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold on April 5, 1995.

Track listing

Samples
"21 Jumpstreet"
 "Nobody Can Be You (But You)" by Steve Arrington

"Who Got Some Gangsta Shit?"
  "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)" by Schoolly D
  "6 in the Mornin'" by Ice-T

"Come When I Call"
 "Let Me Love You" by Michael Henderson

"Woman to Woman"
 "Woman to Woman" by Shirley Brown

"Dollaz & Sense"
 "I Like (What You're Doing to Me)" by Young & Company

'"Eastside-Westside"
 "Dazz" by Brick

Personnel
Executive Producer: Suge Knight
Soundtrack director: Dr. Dre
Overseer: Dat Nigga Daz
Recorded at Can-Am Studios
Mixed at Dr. Dre's Crib
Death Row Engineers: Kesden Wright, Tommy D. Daugherty & Danny Alonso
Photographers: Yoko Sato, Simone Green
Background Vocals: Nanci Fletcher, Barbara Wilson, Danette Williams

Cover versions
Jeremy Messersmith with Andy Thompson performed a cover of "Murder Was the Case" at The Cake Shop in Minneapolis, MN for a 'Murder and Death' concept show on 1/10/2010.
South Park Mexican's song "Woodson N' Worthin" is a cover of "Murder Was the Case".
 Don Vito and Mad DPS covered the song on the 2008 compilation album The Triple-Six Mixtape.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

See also
 List of number-one albums of 1994 (U.S.)
 List of number-one R&B albums of 1994 (U.S.)

References

External links

 Review

1994 soundtrack albums
Film soundtracks
Horrorcore albums
Snoop Dogg albums
Hip hop soundtracks
Gangsta rap soundtracks
Albums produced by G-One
Albums produced by Dr. Dre
Albums produced by DJ Quik
Albums produced by Soopafly
Albums produced by Sam Sneed
Albums produced by Daz Dillinger
Death Row Records soundtracks
West Coast hip hop soundtracks

Murder Was the Case


Rijeka Blaber je manja rijeka na otoku Man.

Rijeka Blaber izvire na istočnom obronku planine Beary i teče od sjevera prema sjeverozapadu prije nego što se ulije u rijeku Neb na vrhu Glen Helen.

Rijeke na Manu

Blaber


مير بصري هو أديب وشاعر واقتصادي عراقي يهودي، ولد في بغداد عام 1911 لعائلة يهودية موسورة حيث كان والده شاؤول بصري تاجراً للقماش في بغداد ووالدته من عائلة دنكور التي ينتمي لها أكبر حاخامات يهود العراق.

دراسته
تخرج بصري من جامعة بغداد حيث درس في مجال الاقتصاد

وظائفه
شغل العديد من المناصب في العراق منها منصب رئيس غرفة تجارة بغداد في عام 1943 وقبلها عمل مديراً عاماً في وزارة الخارجية العراقية.

بقي مير بصري في العراق بعد الهجرة الكبيرة التي قام بها يهود العراق نهاية الأربعينيات وبداية الخمسينيات مع ما يقارب العشرة آلاف يهودي آخر حيث رفض فكرة الهجرة إلى إسرائيل وترك العراق.

شغل بصري منصب رئيس فخري للطائفة اليهودية في العراق خلال فترة نهاية الستينيات وبداية السبعينيات

غادر العراق بشكل نهائي إلى بريطانيا عام 1974م بعد فترة من المضايقات والسجن والإقامة الجبرية وسلسة من الإعدامات العلنية التي شملت عدداً من اليهود في بغداد وكان بذاك آخر رئيس للطائفة اليهودية في العراق.

وفاته
توفي في لندن عام 2006

مؤلفاته
جمع العديد من الكتب وقبل مغادرتهِ العراق تبرع بمكتبتهِ الشخصية والتي تضم حوالي أربعة آلاف كتاب هدية للمكتبة الوطنية العراقية

وكانت له العديد من المؤلفات باللغة العربية يبلغ عددها حوالي الأربعين مخطوطا تتراوح ما بين الشعر والاقتصاد والتراجم والتأريخ، طبع منها القليل ومن أهمها:
 أعلام السياسة في العراق الحديث.
 مباحث في الاقتصاد العراقي.
 دور الأديب العربي في بناء المجتمع العربي العصري.
 أعلام الوطنية والقومية العربية في العراق.
 أعلام الكرد في العراق.
 أعلام الفن العراقي الحديث والمعاصر.
 أعلام اليهود في العراق.

مصادر

اقتصاديون عراقيون
أشخاص من بغداد
خريجو كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد (جامعة بغداد)
شعراء بغداديون
شعراء عراقيون في القرن 20
شعراء عراقيون في القرن 21
شعراء يهود
كتاب اقتصاد عراقيون
كتاب باللغة العبرية
كتاب سيرة عراقيون
كتاب عراقيون في القرن 20
كتاب مذكرات عراقيون
كتاب مذكرات في القرن 20
كتاب من بغداد
مترجمو القرن 20
مترجمون إلى العبرية
مترجمون عراقيون
مهاجرون عراقيون إلى المملكة المتحدة
مهاجرون عراقيون إلى هولندا
مواليد 1329 هـ
مواليد 1911
مؤرخو القرن 20
مؤرخون عراقيون
وفيات 1426 هـ
وفيات 1427 هـ
وفيات 2005
وفيات 2006
وفيات في لندن
يهود عراقيون
مؤرخون عراقيون في القرن 20
شعراء بالعربية في القرن 20
شعراء بالعربية في القرن 21

مير بصري


Den hvidørede silkeabe (Callithrix jacchus) er en lille vestabe i familien egernaber. Den lever i tropisk regnskov eller savanne i Brasilien i Sydamerika. Kropslængden er 20 centimeter og vægten er 330 gram. Farven varierer fra grå til mørkebrun med lyst ansigt og øreduske.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Aber fra Sydamerika
Egernaber

Hvidøret silkeabe


Maurizio Liverani (* 27. November 1928 in Rom; † 10. Februar 2021 in Senigallia) war ein italienischer Filmjournalist, -regisseur und Drehbuchautor.

Liverani, Neffe des Politikers der Republik von Salò Augusto Liverani, war als Aktivist der Kommunistischen Partei Italiens im Widerstand und begann als Journalist 1952 für die Paese Sera, wo er sich bald auf Filmkritik spezialisierte. Später wurde er Leiter der Zeitschrift "Il Dramma". 1969 drehte er als Regisseur den nach eigenem Drehbuch entstandenen satirischen und respektlosen Sai cosa faceva Stalin alle donne? über den Kommunismus mit Helmut Berger in der Hauptrolle. Sein zweiter Film, der Kostümfilm Il solco di pesca, hielt sich an die Konventionen des Erotikfilms und wurde schnell vergessen.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1969: Sai cosa faceva Stalin alle donne?
 1976: Il solco di pesca

Weblinks

 Malore mentre passeggia, è morto lo scrittore e regista Maurizio Liverani, anconatoday.it, 11. Februar 2021

Einzelnachweise

Journalist (Italien)
Filmkritiker
Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Dokumentarfilmer
PCI-Mitglied
Resistenzakämpfer
Italiener
Geboren 1928
Gestorben 2021
Mann

Maurizio Liverani


Paulding County er navnet på 2 counties i USA:

 Paulding County, Georgia
 Paulding County, Ohio

Paulding County


Cinema, mon amour este un film românesc din 2015 regizat de Alexandru Belc. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Victor Purice.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2015 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2015
Filme documentare românești

Cinema, mon amour


The All-India Muslim League (AIML) was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when some well-known Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of British India, Lord Minto, with the goal of securing Muslim interests on the Indian subcontinent.

The party arose out of the need for the political representation of Muslims in British India, especially during the Indian National Congress-sponsored massive Hindu opposition to the 1905 partition of Bengal. During the 1906 annual meeting of the All India Muslim Education Conference held in Israt Manzil Palace, Dhaka, the Nawab of Dhaka, Khwaja Salimullah, forwarded a proposal to create a political party which would protect the interests of Muslims in British India. Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, a prominent Muslim leader from Lahore, suggested the political party be named the 'All-India Muslim League'. The motion was unanimously passed by the conference, leading to the official formation of the All-India Muslim League in Dhaka. It remained an elitist organization until 1937, when the leadership began mobilising the Muslim masses, which turned the league into a popular organization.

In the 1930s, the idea of a separate nation-state and influential philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal's vision of uniting the four provinces in North-West British India further supported the rationale of the two-nation theory. This aligned with the ideas proposed by Syed Ahmad Khan who, in 1888 at Meerut, said, "After this long preface I wish to explain what method my nation — nay, rather the whole people of this country — ought to pursue in political matters. I will treat in regular sequence of the political questions of India, in order that you may have full opportunity of giving your attention to them. The first of all is this — In whose hands shall the administration and the Empire of India rest? Now, suppose that all English, and the whole English army, were to leave India, taking with them all their cannon and their splendid weapons and everything, then who would be rulers of India? Is it possible that under these circumstances two nations — the Mahomedans and the Hindus — could sit on the same throne and remain equal in power? Most certainly not. It is necessary that one of them should conquer the other and thrust it down. To hope that both could remain equal is to desire the impossible and the inconceivable." When the Congress party effectively protested against the United Kingdom unilaterally involving India in World War II without consulting the Indian people, the Muslim League went on to support the British war efforts. The Muslim League played a decisive role in the 1940s, becoming a driving force behind the division of India along religious lines and the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state in 1947.

After the Partition of India and the establishment of Pakistan, the All-India Muslim League was formally disbanded in India. The League was officially succeeded by the Pakistan Muslim League, which eventually split into several political parties. Other groups diminished to a minor party, that too only in Kerala state of India. In Bangladesh, the Muslim League was revived in 1976, but it was reduced in size, rendering it insignificant in the political arena. In India, a separate independent entity called the Indian Union Muslim League was formed, which continues to have a presence in the Indian parliament to this day.

History

Foundation

With the sincere efforts by the pioneers of the Congress to attract Muslims to their sessions, the majority of the Islamic leadership, with the exception of few scholars (like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Syed Ameer Ali who focused more on Islamic education and scientific developments), rejected the notion that India has two distinct communities to be represented separately in Congress sessions.

In 1886, Sir Syed founded the Muhammadan Educational Conference, but a self-imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics. Its original goal was to advocate for British education, especially science and literature, among India's Muslims. The conference, in addition to generating funds for Sir Syed's Aligarh Muslim University, motivated the Muslim upper class to propose an expansion of educational uplift elsewhere, known as the Aligarh Movement. In turn, this new awareness of Muslim needs helped stimulate a political consciousness among Muslim elites, For a few of them, many years after the death of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan the All-India Muslim League was formed in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The formation of a Muslim political party on the national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906, with the participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for the re-consideration to form the all-Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of the Educational Conference, which was scheduled to be held in Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy.

Pursuant to the decisions taken earlier at the Lucknow meeting and later in Simla, the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held in Dhaka from 27 December until 30 December 1906. Three thousand delegates attended, headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference), in which they explained its objectives and stressed the unity of Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Nabiullah, a barrister from Lucknow, and Syed Zahur Ahmad, an eminent lawyer, as well as several others.

Separate electorates
The Muslim League's insistence on separate electorates and reserved seats in the Imperial Council were granted in the Indian Councils Act after the League held protests in India and lobbied London.

The draft proposals for the reforms communicated on 1 October 1908 provided Muslims with reserved seats in all councils, with nominations only being maintained in Punjab. The communication displayed how much the Government had accommodated Muslim demands and showed an increase in Muslim representation in the Imperial and provincial legislatures. But the Muslim League's demands were only fully met in UP and Madras. However, the Government did accept the idea of separate electorates. The idea had not been accepted by the Secretary of State, who proposed mixed electoral colleges, causing the Muslim League to agitate and the Muslim press to protest what they perceived to be a betrayal of the Viceroy's assurance to the Simla deputation.

On 23 February Morley told the House of Lords that Muslims demanded separate representation and accepted them. This was the League's first victory. But the Indian Councils Bill did not fully satisfy the demands of the Muslim League. It was based on the October 1908 communique in which Muslims were only given a few reserved seats. The Muslim League's London branch opposed the bill and in a debate obtained the support of several parliamentarians. In 1909 the members of the Muslim League organised a Muslim protest. The Reforms Committee of Minto's council believed that Muslims had a point and advised Minto to discuss with some Muslim leaders. The Government offered a few more seats to Muslims in compromise but would not agree to fully satisfy the League's demand.

Minto believed that the Muslims had been given enough while Morley was still not certain because of the pressure Muslims could apply on the government. The Muslim League's central committee once again demanded separate electorates and more representation on 12 September 1909. While Minto was opposed, Morley feared that the Bill would not pass parliament without the League's support and he once again discussed Muslim representation with the League leadership. This was successful. The Aga Khan compromised so that Muslims would have two more reserved seats in the Imperial Council. The Muslim League hesitantly accepted the compromise.

Early years
Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III) was appointed the first honorary president of the Muslim League, though he did not attend the Dhaka inaugural session. There were also six vice-presidents, a secretary, and two joint secretaries initially appointed for a three-year term, proportionately from different provinces. The League's constitution was framed in 1907, espoused in the "Green Book," written by Mohammad Ali Jauhar.

Aga Khan III shared Ahmad Khan's belief that Muslims should first build up their social capital through advanced education before engaging in politics, but would later boldly tell the British Raj that Muslims must be considered a separate nation within India. Even after he resigned as president of the AIML in 1912, he still exerted a major influence on its policies and agendas. In 1913, Mohammed Ali Jinnah joined the Muslim league.

Intellectual support and a cadre of young activists emerged from Aligarh Muslim University. Historian Mushirul Hasan writes that in the early 20th century, this Muslim institution, designed to prepare students for service to the British Raj, exploded into political activity. Until 1939, the faculty and students supported an all-India nationalist movement. After 1939, however, sentiment shifted dramatically toward a Muslim separatist movement, as students and faculty mobilised behind Jinnah and the Muslim League.

Communalism grows
Politically, there was a degree of unity between Muslim and Hindu leaders after World War I, as typified by the Khilafat Movement. Relationships cooled sharply after that campaign ended in 1922. Communalism grew rapidly, forcing the two groups apart. Major riots broke out in numerous cities, including 91 between 1923 and 1927 in Uttar Pradesh alone. At the leadership level, the proportion of Muslims among delegates to the Congress party fell sharply, from 11% in 1921 to under 4% in 1923.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah became disillusioned with politics after the failure of his attempt to form a Hindu-Muslim alliance, and he spent most of the 1920s in Britain. The leadership of the League was taken over by Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The "Two-Nation Theory", the belief that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations who could not live in one country, gained popularity among Muslims. The two-state solution was rejected by the Congress leaders, who favoured a united India based on composite national identity. Congress at all times rejected "communalism" — that is, basing politics on religious identity. Iqbal's policy of uniting the North-West Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Punjab, and Sindh into a new Muslim majority state became part of the League's political platform.

The League rejected the Committee report (the Nehru Report), arguing that it gave too little representation (only one quarter) to Muslims, established Devanagari as the official writing system of the colony, and demanded that India turn into a de facto unitary state, with residuary powers resting at the centre – the League had demanded at least one-third representation in the legislature and sizeable autonomy for the Muslim provinces. Jinnah reported a "parting of the ways" after his requests for minor amendments to the proposal were denied outright, and relations between the Congress and the League began to sour.

Conception of Pakistan

On 29 December 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal delivered his presidential address to the All-India Muslim League annual session. He said:

Sir Muhammad Iqbal did not use the word "Pakistan" in his address. Some scholars argued that
"Iqbal never pleaded for any kind of partition of the country. Rather he was an ardent proponent of a 'true' federal setup for India..., and wanted a consolidated Muslim majority within the Indian Federation".

Another Indian historian, Tara Chand, also held that Iqbal was not thinking in terms of partition of India, but in terms of a federation of autonomous states within India. Dr. Safdar Mehmood also asserted in a series of articles that in the Allahabad address, Iqbal proposed a Muslim majority province within an Indian federation and not an independent state outside an Indian Federation.

On 28 January 1933, Choudhary Rahmat Ali, founder of the Pakistan National Movement, voiced his ideas in the pamphlet entitled "Now or Never". In a subsequent book, he discussed the etymology in further detail: "'Pakistan' is both a Persian and an Urdu word. It is composed of letters taken from the names of all our homelands ... That is, Panjab, Afghania (North-West Frontier Province), Kashmir, Iran, Sindh (including Kachch and Kathiawar), Tukharistan, Afghanistan, and Balochistan."

The British and the Indian Press vehemently criticised these two different schemes and created confusion about the authorship of the word "Pakistan" to such an extent that even Jawaharlal Nehru had to write:

Campaign for Pakistan

Until 1937, the Muslim League had remained an organisation of elite Indian Muslims. The Muslim League leadership then began mass mobilisation and it then became a popular party with the Muslim masses in the 1940s, especially after the Lahore Resolution. Under Jinnah's leadership, its membership grew to over two million and became more religious and even separatist in its outlook.

The Muslim League's earliest base was the United Provinces, where they successfully mobilised the religious community in the late 1930s. Jinnah worked closely with local politicians, however, there was a lack of uniform political voice by the League during the 1938–1939 Madhe Sahaba riots in Lucknow. From 1937 onwards, the Muslim League and Jinnah attracted large crowds throughout India in its processions and strikes.

At a League conference in Lahore in 1940, Jinnah said:

In Lahore, the Muslim League formally recommitted itself to creating an independent Muslim state which would include Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan, the North West Frontier Province, and Bengal, and which would be "wholly autonomous and sovereign". The Lahore Resolution, moved by the sitting Chief Minister of Bengal A. K. Fazlul Huq, was adopted on 23 March 1940, and its principles formed the foundation for Pakistan's first constitution. In the Indian provincial elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 476 seats reserved for Muslims (and about 89.2% of Muslim votes) on a policy of creating the independent state of Pakistan, and with an implied threat of secession if this was not granted. Congress, led by Gandhi and Nehru, remained adamantly opposed to dividing India.

In opposition to the Lahore Resolution, the All India Azad Muslim Conference gathered in Delhi in April 1940 to voice its support for a united India. Its members included several Islamic organisations in India, as well as 1400 nationalist Muslim delegates; the "attendance at the Nationalist meeting was about five times than the attendance at the League meeting." The All-India Muslim League worked to try to silence those Muslims who stood against the partition of India, often using "intimidation and coercion". For example, Deobandi scholar Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Madani traveled across British India, spreading the idea he wrote about in his book, Composite Nationalism and Islam, which stood for Hindu-Muslim unity and opposed the concept of a partition of India; while he was doing this, members of the pro-separatist Muslim League attacked Madani and disturbed his rallies. The murder of the All India Azad Muslim Conference leader Allah Bakhsh Soomro in 1943 further solidified the All-India Muslim League to demand the creation of Pakistan.

Role in communal violence

From the late 1930's and onwards in the British Indian province of Sind, communal tensions between Muslims and Hindus rose to enormous degree. These communal feelings were instrumental in the popularity of the All India Muslim League throughout the province.  Even though the Muslims made up about 70% of the population of Sindh, they had a bare majority (34 of 60 seats) in the Assembly. Furthermore, before the British took over, the Sindhi Hindus didn't own any land but within a century of British rule, their landownership grew by 40% while a further 20% was believed to have been mortgaged to them. The inter-faith conflict was at large connected to the peculiar socio economic order in which the Hindus in Sind dominated with their high socioeconomic status, while the Muslims remained marginalized.

The historian Ayesha Jalal describes the actions that the pro-separatist Muslim League used in order to further spread communal division and undermine the elected government of Allah Bakhsh Soomro, which stood for a united India:

In the few years before the partition, the Muslim League was accused of "monetarily subsidizing" mobs that engaged in communal violence against Hindus and Sikhs in the areas of Multan, Rawalpindi, Campbellpur, Jhelum and Sargodha, as well as in the Hazara District. The Muslim League led mobs reportedly paid assassins money for every Hindu and Sikh killed. As such, leaders of the Muslim League, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, issued no condemnation of the violence against Hindus and Sikhs in Punjab.

Legacy

Pakistan

After the partition of the British Indian Empire, the Muslim League played a major role in giving birth to modern conservatism in Pakistan and the introduction of the democratic process in the country.

The Pakistani incarnation was originally led by the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and later by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, but suffered from ill-fate following the military intervention in 1958. One of its factions remained supportive of President Ayub Khan until 1962, when all factions decided to reform into the Pakistan Muslim League led by Nurul Amin, and to support Fatima Jinnah in the presidential elections in 1965. Furthermore, it was the only party to have received votes from both East and West Pakistan during the elections held in 1970. During the successive periods of Pakistan, the Pakistan Muslim League went on to be one of the ruling parties holding alternating power within the nation.

India

After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was disbanded. It was succeeded by Indian Union Muslim League in the new India.

Indian Union Muslim League contests Indian General Elections under the Indian Constitution. The party has always had a constant, if small presence, in the Indian Parliament. The party has had two members in every Lower House from the third to the 16th House, with the exception of the Second, in which it had no members, and the fourth, in which it had three members. The party had a single member in the 14th Lower House. The party currently has four members in Parliament. The party is currently a part of the United Progressive Alliance in national level.

Indian Union Muslim League is recognized by the Election Commission of India as a State Party in Kerala.The party is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the Indian National Congress-lead pre-poll state-level alliance in Kerala. Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers.

Bangladesh

The Muslim League formed its government in East Bengal immediately after the partition of Bengal, with Khawaja Nazimuddin becoming the first Chief Minister.

Problems in East Pakistan for the Muslim League began to rise following the issue of the Constitution of Pakistan. Furthermore, the Bengali Language Movement proved to be the last event that led the Muslim League to lose its mandate in East Bengal. The Muslim League's national conservatism program also faced several setbacks and resistance from the Communist Party of Pakistan. In an interview given to print media, Nurul Amin stated that the communists had played an integral and major role in staging the massive protests, mass demonstrations, and strikes for the Bengali Language Movement.

All over the country, the political parties had favoured the general elections in Pakistan with the exception of the Muslim League. In 1954, legislative elections were to be held for the Parliament. Unlike in West Punjab, not all of the Hindu population migrated to India, instead a large number stayed in the state. The influence of the Communist Party deepened, and its goal of attaining power was finally realised during the elections. The United Front, the Communist Party, and the Awami League returned to power, inflicting a severe defeat to the Muslim League. Out of 309, the Muslim League only won 10 seats, whereas the Communist Party got 4 seats of the ten contested. The communists working with other parties had secured 22 additional seats, totalling 26. The right-wing Jamaat-e-Islami had completely failed in the elections.

In 1955, the United Front named Abu Hussain Sarkar as the Chief Minister of the State and he ruled the state in two non-consecutive terms until 1958, when martial law was imposed. The Muslim League remained as a minor party in East Pakistan but participated with full rigour during the Pakistan general elections in 1970. It won 10 seats from East Pakistan and 7 seats from other parts of Pakistan. After the independence of Bangladesh, the Muslim League was revived in 1976 but its size was reduced, rendering it insignificant in the political arena.

United Kingdom

During the 1940s, the Muslim League had a United Kingdom chapter active in the British politics. After the establishment of Pakistan, the Pakistani community's leaders took over the UK branch, choosing Zubeida Habib Rahimtoola as president of the party to continue to serve its purpose in the United Kingdom. At present, the Muslim League's UK branch is led by the PML-N, with Zubair Gull as its president.

Historical versions

See also
 Indian Independence Movement
 Muslim nationalism in South Asia
Pakistan Movement
List of Pakistan Movement activists
 List of presidents of the All-India Muslim League

References

Further reading

External links

 Government of Pakistan website
 Pakistan News website
 The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 Chronicles Of Pakistan
 Jinnah at a Meeting of the Muslim League 16-second QuickTime film clip
 Colloquium on the One Hundred Years of Muslim League at the University of Chicago, 4 Nov 2006
Pakistan Information

Political parties established in 1906
Muslim league
Islamic political parties in India
Muslim League
1906 establishments in India
1947 disestablishments in India
History of Pakistan
Conservative parties in India
1900s in Islam
Aligarh Movement

All-India Muslim League


Studioul Kadr (în ) este unul dintre cele mai importante studiouri de producție de film din Polonia.  A fost creat încă din 1955 în Polonia socialistă. După revoltele din martie 1968, studioul a fost dizolvat și reînființat în 1972. Fondator și director artistic a fost din 1955 până la dizolvarea din 1968, regizorul de film Jerzy Kawalerowicz. În 1972, Kawalerowicz a reînființat studioul și a fost până la moarte, directorul artistic al acestuia. Studioul a realizat încă de la înființare toate filmele lui Kawalerowicz, dar de asemenea și alte filme clasice ale cinematografiei poloneze. Dramaturgi cu o bogată experiență au fost co-fondatori și jurnalistul de film Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz cât și scriitorul și regizorul Tadeusz Konwicki.  Toeplitz a ocupat această poziție în 1955, iar apoi din 1980 până în 1991;  Konwicki din 1956 până la dizolvarea studioului în 1968.

Filip Bajon este director artistic din 2015.

Realizări importante ale studioului
 1956: Umbra (Cien) - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz
 1956: Jertfa supremă (Czlowiek na torze) - regia Andrzej Munk
 1956: Canalul - regia Andrzej Wajda
 1957: Rainy July (Deszczowy lipiec) - regia Leonard Buczkowski
 1958: Eroica - regia Andrzej Munk
 1958: Krzyż Walecznych - regia Kazimierz Kutz
 1958: Ziua de vară trecută (Ostatni dzien lata) - regia Tadeusz Konwicki
 1958: Cenușă și diamant - regia: Andrzej Wajda
 1959: Lotna - regia Andrzej Wajda
 1959: Trenul de noapte (Pociag) - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz
 1960: Ne vedem mâine - regia Janusz Morgenstern
 1960: Maica Ioana a îngerilor (Matka Joanna od Aniolów) - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz
 1960: Fermecătorii inocenți (Niewinni czarodzieje) - regia Andrzej Wajda
 1961: Samson - regia Andrzej Wajda
 1961: Toate sufletele (Zaduszki) - regia Tadeusz Konwicki
 1962: Morgen: Premiere (Jutro premiera) - regia Janusz Morgenstern
 1963: Silence - regia Kazimierz Kutz
 1964: Giuseppe la Varșovia (Giuseppe w Warszawie), r. Stanisław Lenartowicz
 1965: Faraonul - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz
 1975: Nopți și zile - regia Jerzy Antczak
 1976: Salvați orașul - regia Jan Łomnicki
 1977: Moartea președintelui - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz
 1981: Vabank - regia Juliusz Machulski
 1982: Austeria - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz
 1983: Sexism - regia Juliusz Machulski
 1987: Kingsajz - regia Juliusz Machulski
 1989: Consul - regia Mirosław Bork
 1990: O poveste imorală - regia Barbara Sass
 2001: Quo vadis?  - regia Jerzy Kawalerowicz

Note

Studiouri de film
Fondări în 1955
Cinematografia poloneză

Studioul Kadr


Gollau heißen folgende geographische Objekte:
 Gollau (Lüchow), Ortsteil der Stadt Lüchow (Wendland), Niedersachsen
 Gollau (Straubing), Ortsteil der Stadt Straubing, Bayern
 Gollau (Gemeinde Zell am Moos), Ortschaft von Zell am Moos, Bezirk Vöcklabruck, Oberösterreich
historisch:
 Poddubnoje (Kaliningrad, Gurjewsk, Nowomoskowskoje), Siedlung im Rajon Gurjewsk, Oblast Kaliningrad, Russland (Gollau, Kreis Königsberg/Samland, Ostpreußen)

Gollau


Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey es un documental estadounidense de 2011 dirigido por Constance Marks. Se centra en la vida de Kevin Clash, el titiritero encargado de dar vida a Elmo, uno de los personajes más populares del programa de televisión Sesame Street. El documental es narrado por Whoopi Goldberg.

Descripción
El documental narra la vida de Kevin Clash, el titiritero que interpreta a Elmo en el programa de televisión Sesame Street. El filme incluye entrevistas de su familia, sus compañeros titiriteros y otras personas relacionadas con su trabajo.

Clash creció en la ciudad de Baltimore (Maryland), dentro de una familia afroamericana sin mayores recursos económicos. Uno de sus pasatiempos de infancia era mirar televisión, incluyendo programas como The Wonderful World of Disney y Captain Kangaroo. Cuando Sesame Street fue emitido por primera vez en 1969, se interesó en las marionetas y en cómo funcionaban. Una de sus inspiraciones fue Jim Henson, creador de The Muppets. Clash comenzó a hacer sus propias marionetas y a actuar ante los niños de su vecindario, trabajando además en hospitales y eventos a beneficio.

Aprovechando un viaje de estudios a Nueva York, Clash se reunió con Kermit Love, un diseñador de marionetas que trabajaba junto a Henson. En su taller, Love le explicó la forma en que confeccionaban a los personajes y los materiales que utilizaban. Clash conoció a Jim Henson el año que se estrenó la película The Muppet Movie, ya que Love le ofreció trabajar como titiritero en el desfile del Día de Acción de Gracias de Macy's. En aquella ocasión estuvo a cargo de manejar al Monstruo de las Galletas, en el carro alegórico de Sesame Street.

Tras graduarse de la secundaria, Clash viajó a Nueva York para trabajar en los programas Captain Kangaroo y The Great Space Coaster. Luego que los programas fueron cancelados a mediados de los años 80, Clash participó en la película Labyrinth, dirigida por Jim Henson. Tras su trabajo en la cinta, el titiritero se unió al equipo de Sesame Street. Mientras trabajaba en aquel programa asumió el rol de interpretar a Elmo, un personaje que había sido controlado por otros titiriteros con anterioridad pero que no tuvo mayor popularidad. Clash se encargó de cambiar la voz y personalidad del personaje, quien con los años fue adquiriendo más protagonismo.

Recepción
Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey obtuvo una respuesta positiva por parte de la crítica cinematográfica. El filme posee un 94% de comentarios "frescos" en el sitio web Rotten Tomatoes, basado en un total de 50 críticas, y una puntuación de 71/100 en Metacritic. Neil Genzilnger del periódico The New York Times sostuvo que "es una historia ganadora acerca de la persistencia y creatividad tras uno de los rostros más famosos y peludos en el mundo".

Referencias

Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey


Ashes of Eternity treći je studijski album filipinskog death metal-sastava Pathogen. Album je objavljen 16. srpnja 2017. godine, a objavila ga je diskografska kuća Old Temple.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Pathogen
Willie Desamero – vokali, gitara
Vic Jarlego – bubnjevi
Nino Jerome Aranza – bas-gitara
Jervish Alcos – gitara

Izvori

Death metal
Albumi iz 2017.

Ashes of Eternity


Justiniana Prima (latim: Iustiniana Prima) foi uma cidade bizantina que existiu de 535 a 615, e atualmente um sítio arqueológico, conhecido como ou Caričin Grad (sérvio: Царичин Град), perto do Lebane moderno na região de Leskovac, sul da Sérvia. Foi fundada pelo Imperador Justiniano I (527-565) e serviu como Sé Metropolitana do então recém-fundado Arcebispado de Justiniana Prima, que se tornou o principal órgão administrativo da Igreja dos Balcãs centrais e ocidentais com jurisdição de Praevalitana a Dacia Ripensis. Justiniana Prima foi originalmente projetada para se tornar a capital da prefeitura de Ilírico, mas por razões provavelmente relacionadas com seu status próximo às fronteiras romanas do século VI d.C., Tessalônica foi a cidade preferida. Foi abandonada menos de 100 anos após a sua fundação.

Em 1979, o sítio arqueológico de Justiniana Prima (Caričin Grad) foi adicionado à lista de Sítios Arqueológicos de Excepcional Importância sob status de proteção oficial pela República da Sérvia.

Ver também

 Arcebispado de Justiniana Prima
 Prefeitura pretoriana do Ilírico

Referências

Cidades do Império Bizantino
Sítios arqueológicos da Sérvia

Bibliografia

Justiniana Prima


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 I. Baudouin, Konstantinopolis'te kurulan Latin İmparatorluğu'nun ilk imparatoru (ö. y. 1205)
 IV. Boemondo, Antakya Prensliği prensi (ö. 1233)
 I. İsabella, Kudüs ve Akka kraliçesi (ö. 1205)
 Louis, Blois kontu (ö. 1205)

Ölümler
 7 Mart - İlarslan, Harezmşah hükümdarı

1172


Procarbazina (cu denumirea comercială Natulan) este un medicament chimioterapic utilizat în tratamentul limfomului Hodgkin și al tumorilor cerebrale. Căile de administrare sunt oral și intravenos. Din punct de vedere structural, este un derivat de hidrazină și face parte din categoria agenților alchilanți ai ADN-ului.

Se află pe lista medicamentelor esențiale ale Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății.

Note

Agenți alchilanți
Hidrazine
Benzamide
Medicamente esențiale listate de OMS

Procarbazină


An Triticum turanicum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Moisej Markovič Jakubziner. An Triticum turanicum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Triticum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Triticum

Triticum turanicum


Høllefjorden er en fjord i Søgne kommune i Agder fylke i Norge. Den ligger syd for Høllen og Tangvall, kommunecenteret i Søgne. Fjorden har tre indløb, sundet Springdansen, nord for Ny-Hellesund, som går mod øst til Hellesundfjorden, et mellem Ny-Hellesund og Skarpøya, og et vestligt indløb mellem Skarpøya og Kjeholmene.

Fjorden går omkring tre kilometer mod nord til Høllen. Her er det marina og en mindre havn for småbåde. Søgnes største lystbådehavn ligger på vestsiden af Høllebakken, i Solta, længst mod nord i fjorden. På Høllen Vest er der industrivirksomhed og et privatejet kajanlæg som kan betjene skibe i Nordsø- og kysttrafik. Årosstranda ligger på østsiden af fjorden. Ved Høllen går der en fjordarm ind til mundingen af Søgneelven med en omkring 100 meter lang bro over. Vest for Høllefjorden ligger Torvefjorden.

Kilder og henvisninger

Høllefjorden på Sogneinfo.no

Fjorde i Agder
Søgne

Høllefjorden


Les mots Palaestina et Palaestinae sont originellement deux déclinaisons (notamment le nominatif et le génitif) du nom latin de la Palestine.

Les mots Palaestinus, Palaestina et Palaestinum sont par ailleurs trois déclinaisons (notamment le nominatif singulier masculin, féminin et neutre) d'un adjectif latin signifiant « de Palestine ».

Sciences et techniques
En biologie :
 Palaestina est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes, de la famille des Zodariidae ;
 en taxonomie, les mots palaestinus, palaestina, palaestinum et palaestinae (sans majuscule) sont employés comme épithètes spécifiques pour nommer diverses espèces animales ou végétales originaires de  Palestine. Pour les articles consacrés à de telles espèces, consulter la liste générée automatiquement.

Sciences humaines et sociales
En histoire :
  ou  (390-614 et 628-636) est une province byzantine, avec pour capitale Caesarea Maritima ;
  ou  (390-634) est une province byzantine, avec pour capitale Scythopolis.

Culture et société
 Abila in Palaestina est un siège titulaire de l'Église catholique romaine.

Notes et références

Épithète spécifique

Palaestina


Zhang Min (; Zaozhuang, 20 de junho de 1993) é uma remadora chinesa, medalhista olímpica.

Carreira

Min conquistou a medalha de bronze nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio com a equipe da China no oito com feminino, ao lado de Guo Linlin, Ju Rui, Li Jingjing, Miao Tian, Wang Zifeng, Wang Yuwei, Xu Fei e Zhang Dechang, com o tempo de 6:01.21.

Remadores olímpicos da China
Remadores nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Zhang Min


The Queensland Reds is the rugby union team for the Australian state of Queensland that competes in the Southern Hemisphere's Super Rugby competition. Prior to 1996, they were a representative team selected from the rugby union club competitions in Queensland. With the introduction of the professional Super 12 competition they moved to a model where players are contracted to the Reds through the Queensland Rugby Union rather than selected on the basis of club form.

From 1996 to 2005 they were one of three Australian teams competing in the Super 12 competition, alongside the New South Wales Waratahs and the ACT Brumbies. Queensland finished as minor premiers in 1996 and 1999. From 2006 to 2010, they competed in the expanded Super 14 competition as one of four Australian sides. Beginning in 2011, they are one of five Australian sides in the expanded and renamed Super Rugby, winning the competition in its first season in its new format (2011). In 2012 they finished first in the Australian conference and won the Super Rugby AU title in 2021, when regionalised competitions were played due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

History

Early Queensland years
Refer also to Rugby union in Queensland

The first recorded games of rugby in Queensland were played in 1876, when the existing Brisbane Football Club (formed in 1866), switched to rugby to align with the newly formed 'Rangers' and 'Bonnet Rouge' football clubs. However, it was reported that the game was soon varied to suit the preferences of the local players, and "rugby, with Brisbane variations, was the game played" (The Brisbane Courier, 10 July 1876). Most of these games were played at the Queen's Park (now part of the City Botanic Gardens (see image at right). However, the Brisbane Courier reported in 1879 that the Brisbane FC had reverted to what had become known as the 'Victorian rules', "in place of the Rugby Union Rules played by the club during the last three seasons".

In 1880, the club became a foundation member of the Queensland Football Association (QFA), along with Wallaroo, Excelsiors and Athenians (Ipswich), where it was decided to recognise and play mostly 'Victorian rules', with occasional games of 'Rugby' rules. However, in 1882, a Brisbane FC representative (Daniel Foley Pring Roberts) arranged a rugby match against the Sydney Wallaroos Rugby club, after the NSWRU (Rugby Union) offered to pay all costs associated with the match. Brisbane advocates of the Victorian rules game reacted angrily and declared that no QFA player would be permitted to play under rugby rules, which led to the formation of the Northern Rugby Union (now the Queensland Rugby Union) in late 1883.

The following years saw rapidly increasing popularity of the rugby game. As rugby historian Sean Fagan noted:

The defining moment in the code battle came with the 1886 Queensland [Rugby] side, who defeated NSW for the first time in Sydney. "The success of this team undoubtedly won the day for rugby game in Queensland. The Victorian game supporters were struggling hard to uphold the premier position they had gained but after the brilliant performance of the 1886 team, who lost only one match through their tour, the rugby game became very popular and the next season several new clubs were formed and the Victorian game began to wane" (QRU Annual, 1902).

In 1883, the first inter-colonial match in Brisbane took place, with Queensland defeating New South Wales 12 to 11 at the Eagle Farm Racecourse. In 1896 the first Queensland team departed for a tour of New Zealand, where they played New Zealand at Athletic Park in Wellington on 15 August, losing 9 to nil. In 1899 Queensland recorded their first win against an international team, defeating The Lions 11 to 3 at the Exhibition Ground (see team photo at right).

The Queensland team remained a representative team selected solely from the rugby union clubs within the state, until the advent of the Super rugby competition in the 1990s.

Pre-Super competitions
With the start up of rugby league as well as World War I, Queensland rugby was dormant for a number of years, and the QRU was disbanded in 1919 and was not revived until the late 1920s. In 1928 the QRU was re-formed, and the GPS competition and major clubs soon returned. The game struggled during World War II, but growth was nonetheless apparent, with the advent of the Queensland Junior Rugby Union and the Country Rugby Union. In 1950 the QRU secured the Normanby Oval at nominal rent from Brisbane Grammar School, before they moved into Ballymore Stadium in 1966, which would serve as the spiritual home of Queensland. In 1980 Queensland defeated the All Blacks, which was their first win against New Zealand. The match was played at Ballymore on 6 July and Queensland won 9 to 3. Two seasons later centenary celebrations took place, with Queensland defeating New South Wales 41 to 7 in the celebratory match.

Early Super Rugby
The first Super 10 was held in 1993. Queensland were grouped in Pool A alongside Auckland, Natal, Western Samoa and Otago. Queensland finished with five points, in fourth place. The subsequent Super 10 competition of 1994 saw Queensland finish at the top of Pool A on 13 points, edging out North Harbour on for and against differential to finish at the top. The Queensland Reds went on to play the winner of Pool B, South African side, . The Reds won the final, 21 points to 10 at Kings Park Stadium in Durban. The following season was even more successful for the Reds, who were playing in Pool B for the 1995 season. They finished the season with 16 points, four points clear of second placed team in their pool, the Free State. South African team Transvaal had finished at the top of Pool A and the final was to be decided at Ellis Park in Johannesburg. Queensland won the final 30–16, and thus became back-to-back champions.

Super 12
With rugby union going professional, there was a reworking of competitions. The SANZAR partnership was formed between the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU), the South African Rugby Football Union (SARFU) and the Australian Rugby Union (ARU) and the Super 12 was born. In the 1996 season Queensland finished at the top of the table.

Queensland hosted their Super 12 semi-final on 18 May 1996. The game was played at Queensland's home of rugby union, Ballymore, and was played against the Sharks. The Sharks defeated Queensland 43–25. The 1997 season saw the Reds finish in ninth place. In 1998 the Reds had a much better season, finishing in fifth position at the end of the season.

In 1999 Queensland lost only three games during the regular season, and finished at the top of the ladder on 36 points (beating the Stormers to first position due to for and against points). The Reds hosted the Canterbury Crusaders at Ballymore for a semi-final. Canterbury won 28–22. In 2000 the Reds finished in seventh place on the ladder. In 2001 the Reds finished in fourth place on the ladder and played in the semis. They played fellow Australian team, the Brumbies in Canberra, and the Brumbies won 30 points to six. The following season, 2002, the Reds finished in fifth place. For the 2003 season, Queensland finished in eighth place. Queensland finished tenth in the 2004 and 2005 Super 12 seasons.

Super 14
In 2006, the Super 12 became the Super 14 with the addition of the Western Force (AUS) and the Cheetahs (RSA). Queensland played the Waratahs in the opening game of the season, which was a close loss. The Reds also played new team the Western Force, which Queensland won. Queensland finished 12th on the ladder. Former Wallabies coach Eddie Jones took over from Jeff Miller as coach for the 2007 season.

New coach Eddie Jones got off to a winning start at Queensland Rugby, with a Queensland XV, 63–22 victory over the NEC club. The Reds took part in the one-off Australian Provincial Championship not getting the start they wanted, losing to the Force 32–6 at home in round one but turned it around the next week beating the Waratahs 39–17 in Gosford. The following week the Reds beat the competition leaders the Brumbies 20–19 after a penalty goal by Lloyd Johansson to qualify for the final in the ACT against the same team they beat. However, Queensland lost 42–17. Later in the year Queensland beat the Cherry Blossoms 29–22 in Japan.

The 2007 Super 14 season saw the Queensland Reds finishing a poor season by winning the wooden spoon, they couldn't have started the competition any better when they beat 2006 Grand Finalists the Wellington Hurricanes in Round 1, after that win they would not taste victory again until Round 12. The season was summed up in the final round of the regular season where Queensland were defeated 92–3 by the Bulls. This defeat was by the largest margin in Super Rugby history, although the NSW Waratahs had 96 points scored against them in their loss to the Crusaders in 2002.

The 2008 Super 14 season witnessed a mini-resurgence of the Qld Reds, with the youthful side playing exciting and enterprising rugby under new coach Phil Mooney, they gained revenge against the Bulls after the 2007 thrashing by beating them 40–8, in what was the highlight of the season for the Reds. The Reds continued to play exciting rugby for the rest of the season but lost close matches against the Crusaders, Blues, Chiefs and Waratahs, while the side finished 12th they showed plenty of promise and regained some respect.

The 2010 Super 14 showed the real potential of a team that had been on the ropes for the last 6 years. After losing their star back Berrick Barnes to the Waratahs they unearthed the talent they had not noticed like that of Quade Cooper, Digby Ioane and Will Genia. They became the feel–good team of the year becoming the only team to beat both the year's finalists under the new coach, former Waratahs mentor Ewen McKenzie. The highlight of their year was their 19–12 victory over the Bulls in which they played out a fast game to beat a truly world class side. A late injury plague affected the last two games of the season and ultimately a finals spot. Although the Reds missed the finals, they showed good prospects for the 2011 Super Rugby season.

Super Rugby

In the debut season of the renamed and revamped Super Rugby competition, the Queensland Reds showed their improvement from the previous few years. The Reds finished the regular season at the top of the table, with 13 wins and 3 losses. In the final, Queensland Reds achieved their first Super Rugby Championship in the professional era, beating the Crusaders (18–13) in front of a record crowd (52,113) at Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane. Following the win the Reds were handed the keys to the city after a ticker-tape parade through Brisbane.

Following the title win, though, the Reds fell down the Super Rugby ladder, finishing 13th in 2014 and 2015, and 15th in 2016 and 14th in 2017, post Super Rugby Expansion.

In 2018, former All Black Brad Thorn was appointed head coach, where he promised to turn the franchise around. Despite finishing 13th and sacking several high-profile players, the Reds had their most successful season in five years.

They repeated their 6–10 record in 2019, before making the coronavirus-enforced Super Rugby AU final in 2020, losing to the Brumbies.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continued, domestic competitions continued in 2021. The Reds impressed in this, winning 7 of their 8 games, winning the final against the Brumbies, before finishing 7th in Super Rugby Trans-Tasman.

Colours and logos

The teams' home strip traditionally was a maroon jumper with a white collar, navy shorts with maroon socks with white hoops. In more recent years the jumper has become more red in colour with the home playing strip now red jumper (no collar), red shorts and red socks. The jersey is manufactured by KooGa, and the primary shirt sponsor from 2011 St George Bank . Traditionally, the Reds Super Rugby logo as well as the traditional Q logo both appear on the jersey, however for 2007 a commemorative shield was worn instead, which incorporated the QRU's four logos over the past 100 years. The Super Rugby logo and sponsors Tooheys New appear on the sleeves. The alternative jersey is similar, except that it is predominantly white. The Reds' logo is a Koala, a native Australian animal, with Reds written underneath it.

Prior to 1895 the Queensland team wore a variety of jerseys until the red/maroon colour became the Queensland jersey. In 2007, the Reds used a commemorative jersey in celebration of 125 years of Queensland rugby. This was accompanied by a new logo featuring four Queensland crests from the past. The 125-year crest featured four sectors: the Northern Rugby Union logo from 1882 (top left), the emblem from 1910 (top right), the 1935 logo (bottom left) and the current koala logo (bottom right).

Uniform

Kit sponsors

Awards
The Pilecki Medal is awarded to the best Reds player at the end of each season.

Stadium

The traditional home of Queensland Rugby is Ballymore, which was built in the late 1960s in Herston. Throughout the Super 12, the Reds played their home matches at that stadium.

With the expansion of Super 12 to 14 for the 2006 season, the Reds moved to the 52,500-seat Suncorp Stadium; which has been described as an investment in the future of the Queensland Rugby, with easier access and world class facilities.

The Reds have also played numerous pre-season games at the Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, and Darling Downs regions, in order to raise the team's profile outside of Brisbane.

In 2006 and 2021, the Reds travelled to Townsville to play a regular season game, both times attracting almost 20 000.

Anthem/Chants
In January 2007, the Queensland Reds released a team anthem to be sung by the crowd during matches and after wins. The song was sung in the Queen Street Mall by members of the team including John Roe, Ben Tune, Peter Hynes and Berrick Barnes . The Reds also launched new marketing campaigns for 2007 (e.g. "Join the Revolution"/"The Red Army Needs You"); and the fans have since been referred to as "The Red Army". Major sponsor St George Bank sponsor a cheer squad at some games known as the St George Fan Bank.

At home games, the chant "We are Red" is commonplace as the home crowd get behind their team.

'Take Me Home, Country Roads' by John Denver is belted out at the conclusion of wins, an anthem of sorts.

Fans
The Reds have one of the largest and die-hard followings in Brisbane, averaging 19 118 at their 2021 home games and filling Suncorp Stadium for their 6 semi-final and two Grand Final appearances, including the 2021 Harvey Norman Super Rugby AU Final against the ACT Brumbies.

Queensland Rugby CEO David Hanham claimed the fan base was growing once more after half a decade of on-field struggles, with the organisation passing 15 000 members in 2023 for the first time since 2018. He also pointed out how the organisation has the potential to be the largest sports union in Queensland.

Rivalries
Queenslands most popular rivalries are against the other Australian teams in Super Rugby (Brumbies, Western Force, Waratahs and Melbourne Rebels). The most famous of these rivalries is the interstate clash between the Queensland Reds and the New South Wales Waratahs. The match between these two sides usually draws the largest crowd for the Reds when they are hosting the match, which is sometimes (such as in 2006), used as the first game of the season. The Bob Templeton Cup is a trophy awarded to the winner of the Queensland/New South Wales match.

Former Queensland captain John Eales, prior to the Queensland and New South Wales clash in 2001, quoted former Wallaby Mark Loane to sum up matches against New South Wales, "the most hard fought fights are fighting with your brother in the backyard". There have been over 270 matches between the two teams, with New South Wales well in the lead with over 170 wins, and Queensland over 80, with 12 drawn. Since the start of professional Super rugby in 1996, 17 matches have been played, Queensland winning nine, New South Wales seven, and one being drawn.

Region

Due to historical and practical reasons, the team represents the entire state of Queensland. However the team has been based entirely in the South East Queensland region since its foundation. The team has played matches at numerous venues, including Queen's Park, the Eagle Farm Racecourse, the Brisbane Showgrounds, Ballymore Stadium and its current home Lang Park.

Development teams
The QRU formerly owned and managed two National Rugby Championship teams, Brisbane City and Queensland Country. These NRC teams drew on a range of players ranging from full-time professionals to those on incentive contracts. These teams were closely aligned with the Reds and train at Ballymore, the QRU's training base used by the Reds. The NRC is now defunct but is set to return in the near future.

Brisbane City and Queensland Country also field Under 19, 18, and 16 teams.

Queensland Reds A
The Queensland A team plays matches against interstate and international representative teams, and has also competed in tournaments such as the Pacific Rugby Cup. Known by various names over the years including Queensland A, Reds A, Reds College XV, and Reds Academy, the team is selected from the best emerging rugby talent in Queensland. The squad is a mix of Reds contracted players, extended training squad members, Queensland Under 19s, and selected Premier Rugby club players.

Under 19
Two Queensland teams, Brisbane City U19 and Queensland Country U19, play in the national URC competition. Prior to 2008, state colts teams at under 21 and under 19 age levels were fielded in national tournaments and in the Trans-Tasman Trophy, but these teams were consolidated as under 20s ahead of the inaugural World Rugby U20 Championship. In 2018, an under 19 age limit was reinstated for the national colts team competition.

Members

†Only three home matches due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Records and achievements

Season by season record

Current squad

The Queensland Reds squad for the 2023 Super Rugby Pacific season is:

Awards

Player Award Winner
Pilecki Medal (Players' Player) is the award given to the Queensland Reds player of the year for that season. The medal is named after stalwart Queensland prop Stan Pilecki, the first player to represent Queensland in 100 matches.

Australian Super Rugby Player Award Winner
 1998 – John Eales
 2000 – Chris Latham
 2003 – Chris Latham
 2004 – Chris Latham
 2005 – Chris Latham
 2010 – Quade Cooper
 2011 – Will Genia
 2012 – Will Genia
 2021 – James O'Connor

Australian Super Rugby Coach Award Winner
 1998 – John Connolly
 1999 – John Connolly
 2011 – Ewen McKenzie
 2021 – Brad Thorn

Australian Super Rugby Rookie of the Year
 1999 – Nathan Sharpe
 2001 – David Croft
 2004 – Drew Mitchell
 2006 – Anthony Mathison
 2009 – Laurie Weeks
 2020 – Harry Wilson

Australian Super Rugby Try of the Year
 1998 – Dan Herbert
 2001 – Nathan Spooner
 2009 – Quade Cooper
 2010 – Quade Cooper
 2013 – Rod Davies

Notable players
Players with 100 or more caps.

Personnel

Coaches

Amateur Era

  (1989–1996*)

Coach of the Reds for South Pacific Championship, Super 6 and Super 10.

Professional Era

As of 24 June 2023.
*continued role from Amateur Era.

Captains

Honours

Professional era
 Super Rugby (1996–):
 Champions (1): 2011
 Playoff appearances (5): 1996, 1999, 2001, 2012, 2013, 2022
 Super Rugby AU (2020–2021):
 Champions (1): 2021
 Runners-up (1): 2020
 Australian Provincial Championship (APC):
 Runners-up (1): 2006
 Ricoh National Championship:
 Champions (1): 2000

Amateur era
 Super 10:
 Champions (2): 1994, 1995
 Super 6:
 Champions (1): 1992

Records and statistics
 Highest point scorer in a career – Michael Lynagh (1,145 points, 1982–1994)
 Highest point scorer in a season – Quade Cooper (228 points, 2011)
 Highest try scorer in a career – Brendan Moon (69 tries, 1978–1987)
 Highest try scorer in a season – Brendan Moon (16 tries, 1978)
 Highest appearance – Sean Hardman (148, 1999–2010)
 Highest captain – James Horwill (69, 2006–2015)

 Largest victory – Victoria 76–0 (1978)
 Largest defeat – Bulls 3–92 (2007)

See also

 Brisbane City
 Queensland Country
 Queensland Premier Rugby

Notes

References

External links

Super Rugby teams
Sports clubs and teams in Brisbane
Rugby union teams in Queensland
Queensland representative sports teams
Rugby clubs established in 1882
1882 establishments in Australia
Super Rugby champions

Queensland Reds


المدرسية العليا للموسيقى والمسرح في ميونيخ هي واحدة من أكبر المدارس العليا في القطاع الثقافي في ألمانيا، تأسست عام 1846، تحمل هذا الاسم منذ عام 1998، رئيسها الثلاثين الحالي هو زيغفريد ماوزر.

الهيكل والتدريب
تقوم المدرسة العليا بتكوين وتدريب ست مجالات، الموسيقى، التلحين، قائد أوركسترا، الغناء، الرقص، الإخراج وأيضا مجالات تصميم الأقنعة وتصميم الإضاءة للعرض، فضلا عن دورات تكوينية في الموسيقى البيداغوجية وصحافيي الموسيقى، في دورات تدريبية في التمثيل المسرحي بالتعاون مع أكاديمية المسرح البافاري أوغست إيفردينغ في المقرات المخصصة لهذا الغرض.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع المدرسة العليا للموسيقى والمسرح بميونخ

تأسيسات سنة 1846 في بافاريا
جامعات ألمانيا
جامعات وكليات في ميونخ
عمارة نازية
ماكسفورشتات
مدارس الموسيقى في ألمانيا
منظمات فنية أسست في عقد 1840
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 1846

المدرسة العليا للموسيقى والمسرح بميونخ


أراغورن شخصية خيالية لإنسان من ملحمة سيد الخواتم للمؤلفة [[ج. ر. ر. توكين|ج.ر.ر.تولكين]]. أحد الشخصيات الرئيسية في السلسلة وحفيد اسيلدور قاتل سورون والوريث الشرعي له. يلتقي به فرودو باغنز في نزل وهناك كان يسمى بسترايدر. يساعد اراغورن فرودو في توصيل الخاتم إلى ريفنديل حيث تتشكل رفقة الخاتم والتي يكون اراغورن ضمنها. ولكن بعد افتراق الرفقة يسعى اراغورن إلى اللحاق بالاورك لتحرير ماري وبيبن بمساعدة صديقيه ليغولاس غيملي. ثم يهزم سارومان في معركة هارونبيرع. ثم يذهب إلى غوندور وهناك تجري المعركة الكبرى. المعركة المنتظرة التي ستقرر مصير البشر وينجح البشر بالانتصار بها على جيوش موردور الذين كانو ثلاث اضعافهم.

وبعد الحرب النهائية بين البشر وسورون أمام أسوار ميناس تيريث وبعد أن استدعى الموتى للوفاء بوعدهم والمحاربة إلى جانبه ضد جيوش سورون وبعد انتحار خادم غوندور دينيثور بن اكتيليون وتحقق النصر للبشر ضد جيوش سورون تم تنصيبه كملك لمملكة غوندر ثو تزوج بأروين أندومييل بنت إيلروند.

مراجع

شخصيات أدبية عرضت في 1954
جنرالات خياليون
حكام الأرض الوسطى
سيافون خياليون
شخصيات أفلام المغامرة
شخصيات خيالية ظهرت في 1954
شخصيات سيد الخواتم
شخصيات نبيلة خيالية
ملوك خياليون

أراغورن


La Kaap River (aussi appelée Umlambongwane ou Little Crocodile River) est une rivière dans la vallée De Kaap dans la province du Mpumalanga en Afrique du Sud.

Géographie
C'est un affluent de la Crocodile River avec laquelle elle se rejoint à Kaapmuiden. La rivière Kaap compte deux affluents principaux, la rivière Kaap Nord (en afrikaans : Noordkaap) et la rivière Kaap Sud (en afrikaans : Suidkaap). Ses tronçons inférieurs traversent les pittoresques monts de Krokodilpoortsberge, où il a plusieurs affluents, y compris le ruisseau Figtree et le ruisseau Low (ou Mantibovu).

Histoire
La zone de captage de la rivière était autrefois habitée par la tribu Mbayi, ou peuple de Maseko, qui ont été soumis par les bakaNgomane. Leur lieu de résidence peut encore être reconnu par leurs cairns, dont le but supposé n'est pas encore clair.

Notes et références

Cours d'eau en Afrique du Sud
Géographie du Mpumalanga

Kaap River


Kuća Fadić u gradiću Supetru, Širina Franasovića M., zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Kuća Fadić na istočnom dijelu supetarske rive mijenjala je tijekom vremena izvorni izgled, ali je sačuvano staro kameno dvorište s kamenom krunom bunara. Izrađeno je u dvije razine s kasnobaroknim bucalom ukrašenim reljefima s kršćanskom simbolikom (Kristov monogram, monogram Bogorodice, te atributi svetaca tri jabuke-sv. Nikola, ključevi-sv. Petra, mač-sv. Pavao, lav-sv. Jerolim). U natpisu se navodi kipar Ivan Mazzoni s datacijom 1738.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-1430 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "stambene građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Supetru

Kuća Fadić u Supetru


Jade Errol Puget (born November 28, 1973) is an American musician and producer, best known as the guitarist for the rock band AFI (joined in 1998), the guitarist/writer for the straight edge hardcore band XTRMST, and the keyboardist/synthesizer operator for the electronic duo Blaqk Audio. Puget is vegetarian and straight edge.

Career
Before joining AFI on November 2, 1998, Jade Puget played in various bands, including Loose Change and Redemption 87. His first album with AFI was 1999's Black Sails in the Sunset.

The first song he wrote for the band was "Malleus Maleficarum". Puget's addition to the band introduced fans to a more melodically acute and dynamic sound that was vastly different from earlier material.

AFI next released the All Hallow's E.P. in October 1999, which featured various elements of horror punk and a sound disparate from much of the band's earlier material. The EP's single was "Totalimmortal". The song received some airplay on television programs such as MTV2, and was even covered by The Offspring for use in the film Me, Myself, and Irene.

The year 2000 saw the release of The Art of Drowning. The album sold 88,000 copies by March 2002 and the single, "The Days of the Phoenix", peaked at number 152 on the UK Singles Chart.

After The Art of Drowning, AFI were signed by the major label DreamWorks Records in 2002. Sing the Sorrow, AFI's major label debut, was released in March 2003. The album yielded three singles that found success on the U.S. Alternative Songs chart: "Girl's Not Grey" (No. 7), "The Leaving Song Pt. II" (No. 16), and "Silver and Cold" (No. 7). The album was certified platinum by the RIAA in 2006.

Decemberunderground, the follow-up to Sing the Sorrow, was released in June 2006. It debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200, selling over 182,000 copies in its first week. The single, "Miss Murder," peaked at No. 1 on the Alternative Songs chart for five weeks and also reached No. 24 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album produced the singles "Love Like Winter" (No. 4) and "The Missing Frame" (No. 17). Decemberunderground sold over 993,000 copies by 2009.

In 2007, Puget and AFI bandmate Davey Havok released the album CexCells as the electronic duo Blaqk Audio. The album reached No. 18 on the Billboard 200 and featured the single "Stiff Kittens", which peaked at No. 20 on the Alternative Songs chart.

AFI's eighth studio album, Crash Love, was released in September 2009 and debuted at No. 12 on the Billboard 200. The album produced the two singles: "Medicate", and "Beautiful Thieves", which charted at No. 7 and No. 23 on the Alternative Songs Chart, respectively. In the time off after the Crash Love tour, Puget and Havok returned to Blaqk Audio, releasing their second album, Bright Black Heaven, made available September 11, 2012.

On October 22, 2013, AFI's 9th studio album, Burials, was released. In the months prior to the release, two songs were released as singles. The first, I Hope You Suffer, was released July 22. The second single, 17 Crimes, was released August 6. The album received mixed reviews, with the most notable one being from Mike Powell of Rolling Stone Magazine, giving the album a meagre 2/5 stars, and commenting that, "'17 Crimes' and 'Greater Than 84' survive with the band's flair for camp still intact. Others drown in pools of eyeliner. Flamboyant, serious, plagued by problems he never gets too specific about, Davey Havok invents a role part Morrissey, part Bret Michaels – hair-metal pinup for the Hot Topic era."

In February 2014, numerous cassette tapes were distributed from record shops in Southern California, titled "XTRMST" and described as "Straight edge hardcore". In the following weeks, numerous sources leaked rumors that XTRMST was a side project of Puget and Davey Havok. Shortly after, Puget confirmed on his Twitter account that XTRMST was indeed a product of him and Havok.

On October 2, 2014, it was announced the XTRMST would release a full-length LP, available on November 18. The album was made available for purchase either digitally or on vinyl record. Puget has stated that he and Havok had no intent on releasing a full-length record, but the overwhelming positive reaction motivated them to move forward with the project.

Remixing and production
Puget remixed Marilyn Manson's single "Heart-Shaped Glasses (When the Heart Guides the Hand)," released as an international bonus track from the 2007 album Eat Me, Drink Me, and The Cure's song "Freakshow" from their 13th album 4:13 Dream. The remix appears on The Cure's 2008 EP Hypnagogic States. He remixed Tiger Army's "Where the Moss Slowly Grows" off the band's album Music From Regions Beyond. He did some additional production on The Dear & Departed's debut album Something Quite Peculiar. Additionally, he remixed Tokio Hotel's UK single "Ready, Set, Go!" from their first English album, Scream.

Puget did some production work for the band Scarlet Grey on their song "Fancy Blood" on the album of the same name. His remix of The Static Age's song "Vertigo" (called "Airplanes") appeared as a bonus track on the band's album "Neon Nights Electric Lives. His remix of Escape the Fate's song Issues, for which he used the name Wolves at the Gate, appears on their Issues Remixes EP.
In 2012 he remixed Swedish group Lowe's song "Mirage" from the band's latest album Evolver.

Personal life
Puget has a half-sister named Alisha, a half-brother named Gibson, and a younger brother named Smith, who is also AFI's tour manager. Gibson appears in the poem in the interlude of "...But Home Is Nowhere" full-length album version Sing the Sorrow.

With straight As throughout his K-12 career, Puget dropped out of school at the age of 17 and continued his education at UC Berkeley, where he received a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1996. After graduating from college, Puget joined AFI.

Puget has various tattoos, including an "18" (which was originally a "13"), a cat jumping through a 9 (a tattoo he shares with Nick 13 of Tiger Army and Davey Havok), and the word "committed" arched across his stomach. On his arms, he has the words "Boys Don't Cry" (a homage to The Cure) and the words "Love Will Tear Us Apart" (a Joy Division tribute). He also has the word "Paprika", the nickname of his wife, on his arm.

In July 2011, Puget and his girlfriend of six years, Marissa Festa became engaged to be married, and were married on September 22, 2012, in Malibu, California. Their son Ryder Day Puget was born on February 15, 2023.

Discography

With AFI

Black Sails in the Sunset (1999)
All Hallow's E.P. (1999)
The Art of Drowning (2000)
Sing the Sorrow (2003)
Decemberunderground (2006)
Crash Love (2009)
Burials (2013)
AFI (2017)
Bodies (2021)

With Blaqk Audio

CexCells (2007)
Bright Black Heaven (2012)
Material (2016)
Only Things We Love (2019)
Beneath the Black Palms (2020)
Trop d'amour (2022)

With XTRMST

XTRMST (2014)

With Twinsign

 Twinsign EP (2021)

References

1973 births
Living people
American punk rock guitarists
American rock keyboardists
Horror punk musicians
Musicians from Santa Rosa, California
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from Ukiah, California
Guitarists from California
American male guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American keyboardists
21st-century American male musicians

Jade Puget


Die Vennmühle war eine Wassermühle in der Gemeinde Brüggen, die als Ölmühle betrieben wurde.

Geographie
Die Vennmühle hat ihren Standort an der Schwalm am Vennmühlenweg in der Gemeinde Brüggen im Kreis Viersen. Oberhalb liegt die Borner Mühle, unterhalb die Brüggener Mühle. Der Wasserspiegel der Schwalm liegt bei 42 m über NN.

Geschichte
Bei der Vennmühle handelte es sich um eine Ölmühle, die 1473 nach einem Brand erstmals genannt wurde und zum Grundbesitz von St. Pantaleon gehörte. Die Mühle lag am Rande des Laarer Bruches, in dem bis ins 19. Jahrhundert Torf gestochen wurde. Sie brannte 1750 erneut ab, wurde jedoch wieder aufgebaut und kam 1821 in den Besitz der Familie Printzen aus Amern. Die bauten die Mühle 1836 zu einer Papiermühle um. Im Jahre 1928 brannte die Vennmühle erneut ab. Dieses dritte Brandunglück bedeutete auch das Ende der Mühle. Zwischen 1934 und 1942 dienten die Gebäude als Lager für den Reichsarbeitsdienst, der bei der Schwalm-Regulierung eingesetzt war. Das Hauptgebäude dient heute als Kindergarten.

Denkmalbeschreibung
19. Jh. Wohnhaus, 2-geschossig in 4:2 Achsen, Backstein, geschlämmt, Walmdach.

(Denkmalliste Nr. 41, Eintrag: 21. Juni 1990)

Galerie

Literatur
 Hans Vogt: Niederrheinischer Wassermühlenführer. Krefeld 1998, Seite 443–445.
 Horst Jungbluth, Helmuth Elsner: Die Schwalm – Tal der Mühlen. Schwalmtal 1989, Seite 60.

Weblinks

 Mühlentour
 Website der Vennmühle

Wassermühle im Kreis Viersen
Bauwerk in Brüggen
Wassermühle an der Schwalm (Maas)
Mühle in Europa
Ölmühle

Vennmühle


الليبراليّة المُحافظة  هي شكل من أشكال الليبرالية، تجمع ما بين القيم الليبراليّة والسياسات المُحافظة، أو هو مصطلح يُمثِّل ببساطة الجناح اليمينيّ من الحركة الليبراليّة. ويعدّ شكلاً أكثر إيجابيّة وأقل راديكاليّة من الليبراليّة الكلاسيكيّة.

تميل الأحزاب الليبراليّة المُحافظة إلى الجمع بين سياسة السوق الحر مع بعض المواقف التقليديّة بشأن القضايا الأخلاقيّة والاجتماعيّة. تُعدّ حركة المحافظين الجدد قريباً إيديولوجيّاً أو توأماً لليبراليّة المُحافظة، كما يوجد بعض التشابهات أيضًا بين الليبراليّة المُحافظة والليبراليّة القوميّة.

موجز
يكتب الأستاذ روبرت كرايناك في جامعة كولجيت: «بدلًا من اتباع ليبراليّة تقدميّة (الليبراليّة الاجتماعيّة)، يميل الليبراليّون المُحافظون إلى الرجوع إلى المصادر ما قبل الحداثيّة مثل الفلسفة الكلاسيكيّة (بالاعتماد على أفكار الفضيلة والخير الشامل والحقوق الطبيعيّة)، والمسيحيّة (وأفكارها مثل القانون الطبيعيّ والطبيعة الاجتماعيّة للإنسان والخطيئة الأصليّة)، والمؤسسات العريقة (مثل القانون العام والهياكل المؤسساتيّة والتراتبيّة الاجتماعيّة)». وبسبب ذلك، تُبنى ليبراليّتهم على أسس مُحافظة.

يعني ذلك أنه بعد أفلاطون وأرسطو والقديس أوغسطين وتوما الأكويني وإدموند بيرك بدلًا من كانط ولوك، إنها تشمل تعاطف كبير مع سياسة الإغريق والجمهوريّة الرومانيّة والملكيّة المسيحيّة. ونظرًا لكونهم واقعيّين فهم يدركون أن السياسة الكلاسيكيّة وسياسة العصور الوسطى لا يمكن استعادتها هذه الأيام. ولكونهم أخلاقيّين، فهم يرون أن تجربة الحداثة في الحرية والحكم الذاتيّ لها تأثير إيجابيّ على تحسين الكرامة الإنسانيّة بالإضافة لتوفير منفذ (حتى في خضم الثقافة الشعبيّة) للرجاء المتعاليّ للخلود. عمليًّا، تؤسس الليبراليّة المُحافظة للحرية المنظَّمة تحت الإله وتؤسس أيضًا للضمانات الدستوريّة ضد الاستبداد. كما تُظهر أن نظامًا من الحريّة مبنيًّا على الأخلاق التقليديّة والثقافة المسيحيّة الكلاسيكيّة هو إنجاز يجب أن يكون الناس فخورين به، بدلًا من أن يهاجموه ثقةً في الحضارة الغربيّة.

وفي السياق الأوروبيّ، فإنه لا يجب خلط الليبراليّة المُحافظة مع التيار المُحافظ الليبراليّ (المحافظة الليبراليّة)، وهي نموذج من التيار المُحافظ يجمع بين الرؤى المُحافظة مع السياسات الليبراليّة في الاقتصاد والقضايا الأخلاقيّة والاجتماعيّة. تعود جذور الليبراليّة المُحافظة إلى بدايات تاريخ الليبراليّة. حتى الحربين العالميتين، كانت معظم دول أوروبا قائمة سياساتها على الليبراليّين المُحافظين، من ألمانيا حتى إيطاليا. سببت الأحداث الواقعة في تلك الفترة مثل الحرب العالمية الأولى 1917 تحوُّل اشكال راديكياليّة من الليبراليّة الكلاسيكيّة إلى صورة أكثر مُحافظة (أكثر اعتدالًا) من الليبراليّة. تميل الأحزاب الليبراليّة المُحافظة إلى التكوُّن في البلدان الأوروبيّة حيثما لا يوجد حزب علمانيّ محافظ قويّ، وحيثما لم تكن قضية الفصل بين الدولة والكنيسة مُلحّة. تطورت تلك النسخة المُحافظة من الليبراليّة في تلك الدول التي كانت أحزابها المُحافظة أحزاباً ديمقراطيّة مسيحيّة.

أمَّا في الولايات المتحدة، فيُصنَّف المحافظون الجدد على أنهم ليبراليّون محافظون، طبقًا للأستاذ في كلية بيري بيتر لاولر فإنهُ:

أبرز الأحزاب

  : الحزب الليبرالي الأسترالي
 : الحزب الجمهوري
 : الحزب الدستوري
 : حزب استقلال المملكة المتحدة
 : حزب المحافظين

المراجع

المحافظة في الولايات المتحدة
أيديولوجيات سياسية
ثقافة سياسية
سياسة محافظة
ليبرالية
مصطلحات علوم سياسية
وسطية
يمينية

ليبرالية محافظة


Pokrajina Idlib (arap. مُحافظة ادلب / ALA-LC: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) je jedna od 14 sirijskih pokrajina. Nalazi se na sjeverozapadu Sirije, uz granicu s Turskom pokrajinom Hatay (na sjeveru). Na istoku se nalazi pokrajina Alep, na jugu pokrajina Hama, a na zapadu pokrajina Latakija. Površina pokrajine, ovisno o izvoru, iznosi između 5.933 km² i 6.097 km². Glavni grad pokrajine je Idlib.

Zemljopis
Zapadni dijelovi pokrajine dosežu dolinu Al-Ghab, kroz koju teče rijeka Oront. Regija je prijelazno područje između šumovitih planina u primorju i Sirijske pustinje na istoku. Visočje Jabal Zawiya nalazi se u južnom središnom dijelu pokrajine.

Naselja
Idlib je glavni grad pokrajine, a druga veća naselja su Idlib, Abu al-Duhur, Al Hamdaniyah, Ariha, Harem, Jisr al-Shughur, Kafrsajna, Khan Shaykhun, Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, Salqin, Saraqib i Taftanaz.

Okruzi i nahije

Pokrajina je podijeljena u 5 okruga i 26 nahija (u zagradama je broj nahija u okrugu):
 Okrug Ariha (3)
 Nahija Ariha
 Nahija Ihsim
 Nahija Muhambal
 Okrug Harem (6)
 Nahija Harem
 Nahija Al-Dana
 Nahija Salqin
 Nahija Kafr Takharim
 Nahija Qurqania
 Nahija Armanaz
 Okrug Idlib (7)
 Nahija Idlib
 Nahija Abu al-Duhur
 Nahija Binnish
 Nahija Saraqib
 Nahija Taftanaz
 Nahija Maarrat Misrin
 Nahija Sarmin
 Okrug Jisr al-Shughur (4)
 Nahija Jisr al-Shughur
 Nahija Bidama
 Nahija Darkush
 Nahija Al-Janudiyah
 Okrug Ma'arrat al-Nu'man (6)
 Nahija Ma'arrat al-Nu'man
 Nahija Khan Shaykhun
 Nahija Sinjar
 Nahija Kafr Nabl
 Nahija Al-Tamanah
 Nahija Hish

Stanovništvo
Prema popisu iz 2004., u pokrajini je živjelo 1.258.400 stanovnika. Procjena UNOCHA iz 2011. daje broj od 1.501.000 stanovnika, no u međuvrmeneu je značajan dio raseljen zbog rata.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Idlib

Idlib (pokrajina)


Harry Fleetwood Andrews (10 de noviembre de 1911 – 6 de marzo de 1989) fue un actor teatral y cinematográfico de nacionalidad británica conocido por sus frecuentes interpretaciones de duros militares. Su actuación como el Sargento Mayor Wilson en La colina (1965), junto a Sean Connery, le valió en 1965 el premio concedido por el National Board of Review al mejor actor de reparto, así como una nominación al BAFTA de 1966 al mejor actor británico. Su debut cinematográfico había tenido lugar en 1953 con la película The Red Beret.

Antes de su carrera en el cine, Andrews fue un experto actor de obras de Shakespeare, trabajando en teatros como el Queen, el Lyceum o el Shakespeare Memorial, todos ellos en Inglaterra, así como en teatros de Nueva York, París, Amberes y Bruselas. El debut teatral de Andrews en Londres tuvo lugar en 1935 en el Teatro de St James, y en Nueva York hizo lo propio en 1936 en el Empire.

Inicios
Nacido en Tonbridge, Inglaterra, sus padres eran Henry Arthur Andrews y Amy Diana Horner. Andrews estudió en el Wrekin College de Wellington, Shropshire, y, entre octubre de 1939 y octubre de 1945, sirvió en la Royal Artillery en el transcurso de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Trabajo teatral
Andrews hizo su primera actuación teatral en septiembre de 1933 en el Liverpool Playhouse encarnando a John en la obra The Long Christmas Dinner. Su debut en el circuito del West End londinense tuvo lugar en marzo de 1935 en el Teatro de St James interpretando el papel de John en Worse Things Happen at Sea. En octubre de 1936 actuó por vez primera en Nueva York con el papel de Horacio en Hamlet, obra representada en el Teatro Empire. Desde septiembre de 1937 a abril de 1938, Andrews trabajó con la compañía de John Gielgud en el Queen's Theatre, actuando en shows como Ricardo II, The School for Scandal, y El mercader de Venecia. En 1939 Andrews fue Laertes en una producción de Hamlet puesta en escena en el Teatro Lyceum de Londres, siendo ésta la última representación que tuvo lugar en el Lyceum antes de su cierre, aunque el local fue restaurado en 1996.

En diciembre de 1945, un mes después de haber sido desmovilizado tras la guerra, Andrews actuó con la compañía Old Vic sucediendo a George Curzon en los papeles de Sir Walter Blunt en Enrique IV, parte 1, Scroop en Enrique IV, parte 2, Creonte en Edipo, y Sneer en The Critic. La compañía viajó a Nueva York en el verano de 1946, actuando en teatros como el Teatro Century. Tras su vuelta a Inglaterra en septiembre de 1946, Andrews siguió actuando con la compañía del Old Vic hasta finalizar la temporada 1948 - 1949.

En 1949 Andrews trabajó en el Teatro Shakespeare Memorial en Stratford-on-Avon, interpretando en el mismo papeles de Shakespeare como Macduff, Don Pedro, y Thomas Wolsey. Andrews viajó en gira por Australia ese mismo año, y continuó actuando en Stratford-on-Avon a lo largo de la temporada de 1951, interpretando al Rey Enrique IV en tres piezas consecutivas de Shakespeare. Después viajó a Nueva York con la compañía de Laurence Olivier, participando en Caesar and Cleopatra y Antonio y Cleopatra en el Teatro Ziegfeld. Posteriormente hizo gira con la compañía Old Vic representando Enrique VIII en París, Amberes y Bruselas.

Carrera cinematográfica
Harry Andrews hizo sus dos primeras actuaciones cinematográficas con Alan Ladd en las películas The Red Beret y The Black Knight. Siguió trabajando en diversas películas históricas y de aventuras, entre ellas Alejandro Magno en 1956, Ice-Cold in Alex en 1958, Salomón y la reina de Saba en 1959, y Escuadrón 633 en 1964.

En las décadas de 1960 y 1970 Andrews empezó a actuar con mayor frecuencia en dramas y comedias. En 1965 recibió el premio concedido por el National Board of Review al mejor actor de reparto por sus actuaciones en El tormento y el éxtasis y La colina, en esta última trabajando con Sean Connery. Además, por La colina fue nominado en 1966 al Premio BAFTA al mejor actor británico, aunque el galardón fue a manos de Dirk Bogarde, gracias a su actuación en Darling.

Más adelante intervino en películas como la comedia The Jokers (1967), la comedia musical The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), la adaptación rodada en 1970 de la novela de Emily Brontë Cumbres Borrascosas, la comedia de 1972 The Ruling Class, la película de horror Theatre of Blood, y El pájaro azul, adaptación de la obra de Maurice Maeterlinck, y que fue la primera colaboración cinematográfica entre los Estados Unidos y la U.R.S.S.

Andrews fue conocido por encarnar a duros oficiales militares. Entre esas interpretaciones se incluyen las del Sargento Payne en A Hill in Korea (1956), el mayor Henry en I Accuse! (1958), el mayor Swindon en The Devil's Disciple (1959, adaptación de la obra de George Bernard Shaw), el capitán Graham en A Touch of Larceny (1959), y el coronel Thompson en Too Late the Hero (1970).

Últimos años
Además de su trabajo en el cine, Harry Andrews también actuó en varias series televisivas. En los primeros años sesenta intervino en dos episodios de Armchair Theatre. En 1975 fue el coronel Bruce en Edward the Seventh, y al año siguiente interpretó a Darius Clayhanger en una serie televisiva basada en las novelas de la serie de La Familia Clayhanger. Finalmente, en 1985 fue entrevistado en un episodio de la serie documental This Is Your Life.

Una de las últimas actuaciones cinematográficas de Andrews tuvo lugar en 1978, cuando encarnó a uno de los ancianos kriptonianos que sentencian a tres malvados en la película Superman: la película.

Harry Andrews falleció en 1989 en su domicilio en Salehurst, Inglaterra, a causa de una infección vírica complicada con asma, sobreviviéndole su compañero sentimental, el actor Basil Hoskins. Tenía 77 años.

Filmografía
 The Red Beret (1953)
 The Black Knight (El Caballero Negro) (1954)
 The Man Who Loved Redheads (1955)
 Helen of Troy (Helena de troya) (1956)
 Alejandro Magno (1956)
 Moby Dick (1956)
 A Hill in Korea (1956)
 Saint Joan (1957)
 I Accuse! (1958)
 Ice-Cold in Alex (Fugitivos del desierto) (1958)
 The Devil's Disciple (El discípulo del diablo) (1959)
 Salomón y la reina de Saba (1959)
 A Touch of Larceny (Operación Robinson) (1959)
 In the Nick (1960)
 A Circle of Deception (1960)
 The Best of Enemies (Su mejor enemigo) (1961)
 Barrabás (1961)
 Reach for Glory (1962)
 The Inspector (El inspector) (1962)
 Nine Hours to Rama (Nueve horas de terror) (1963)
 55 días en Pekín (1963)
 The Informers (Imperio de violencia) (1963)
 Nothing But the Best (Fango en la cumbre) (1964)
 Escuadrón 633 (1964)
 The System (1964)
 The Truth About Spring (1965)
 La colina (1965)
 El tormento y el éxtasis (1965)
 Sands of the Kalahari (Arenas del Kalahari) (1965)
 Modesty Blaise (1966)
 The Deadly Affair (Llamada para el muerto) (1966)
 La noche de los generales (1967)
 The Jokers (Atraco a la inglesa) (1967)
 La leyenda de un valiente (1967)
 Danger Route (Ruta peligrosa) (1967)
 I'll Never Forget What's'isname (Georgina) (1967)
 Mercenarios sin gloria (1968)
 Sentencia para un dandy (1968)
 The Charge of the Light Brigade (La última carga, 1968)
 The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968)
 The Sea Gull (1968)
 The Southern Star (La estrella del sur) (1969)
 La batalla de Inglaterra (1969)
 A Nice Girl Like Me (1969)
 Country Dance (No todo el amor es hermoso) (1970)
 Too Late the Hero (Comando en el mar de China) (1970)
 Wuthering Heights (Cumbres Borrascosas) (1970)
 Entertaining Mr Sloane (1970)
 The Nightcomers (Los últimos juegos prohibidos) (1971)
 Nicolás y Alejandra (1971)
 Burke & Hare (1972)
 I Want What I Want (1972)
 The Ruling Class (La clase dirigente) (1972)
 El hombre de La Mancha (1972)
 Night Hair Child (1972)
 El programa final (1973)
 Man at the Top (1973)
 Theatre of Blood (Matar o no matar, ese es el problema) (1973)
 El hombre de Mackintosh (1973)
 The Internecine Project (Nueva moda en el crimen) (1974)
 The Garth People (1976)
 Sky Riders (1976)
 El pájaro azul (1976)
 The Passover Plot (1976)
 Crossed Swords (El príncipe y el mendigo) (1977)
 Equus (1977)
 Candleshoe (1977)
Las cuatro plumas (1978)
 The Big Sleep (1978)
 The Medusa Touch (Alarma: catástrofe) (1978)
 Muerte en el Nilo (1978)
 Watership Down (1978)
 Superman: la película (1978)
 S.O.S. Titanic (1979)
 A Question of Faith (1979)
 Hawk the Slayer (La espada invencible) (1980)
 Never Never Land (1980)
 My Letter to George (1986)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Screenonline name|id=840311

Actores de teatro de Inglaterra
Actores de cine de Inglaterra
Actores de televisión de Inglaterra
Comendadores de la Orden del Imperio Británico
Actores gais
Personas homosexuales de Reino Unido

Harry Andrews


Ityogonimus lorum est une espèce de vers parasites Trématodes de la famille des Brachylaimidae. Son cycle de vie complexe implique deux stades larvaires successifs dans deux escargots terrestres différents et un stade de reproduction dans le corps de taupes en Europe.

Impact parasitaire
Ityogonimus lorum est un trématode parasite de l'intestin grêle de certaines taupes comme la Taupe d'Europe, la Taupe ibérique et la Taupe romaine, vivant dans les prairies humides et provoque chez elles des diarrhées intestinales graves, souvent mortelles. Cependant des recherches en Italie concernant la Taupe romaine n'ont pas permis de trouver cette espèce, ce qui tendrait à penser qu'elle y est rare.

Ityogonimus lorum est largement répandue en Europe. Elle a été signalée au Royaume uni, en France, en Espagne, au Danemark, en Allemagne, en Autriche, en Suisse où elle semble assez rare et en Italie.

Selon différentes études, environ 4O% des taupes examinées sont porteuses de ce trématode, leur nombre dans chaque hôte variant de 1 à 10 et une moyenne de 3, avec un pic d'infestation hivernal.

Deux autres espèces de trématodes infestent les taupes dans l'écozone paléarctique : Ityogonimus ocreatus (synonyme dItyogonimus talpae) et Combesia macrobursata. Une autre espèce de ce genre, Ityogonimus scalopi, infeste la Taupe du Pacifique en Amérique du Nord. L'infection des mammifères persisterait 150 jours et peut-être plus.

Concernant les escargots, les espèces considérées appartiennent aux genres Cernuella, Helix, Otala, Pseudotachea, Rumina et Theba. L'effet de l'infection est à priori immédiat : leur croissance est affectée le premier mois et leur mort survient au bout d'une dizaine de mois.

Description
Ityogonimus lorum est un ver presque cylindrique en forme de botte. Au stade adulte, il mesure de 4 à 16 mm de long et 0,6 mm de diamètre dans sa plus grande largeur. Près de l'extrémité postérieure, un crochet portant les orifices sexuels fait fortement saillie. La ventouse buccale, qui sert à se fixer sur la paroi intestinale, est puissante alors que la ventouse ventrale est très faible. Le revêtement cutané est une épaisse cuticule striée. Les organes génitaux sont situés dans le tiers postérieur du Ver. Les œufs brunâtres contenus dans l'utérus très long et aux multiples circonvolutions mesurent entre 20 et 30 μm de long pour 10 à 15 μm de diamètre.

Deux espèces très proches mais distinctes ont été attribuées au genre Ityogonimus à partir d'intestins de taupe en Europe : I. lorum et Ityogonimus ocreatus. Dans le cas dI. ocreatus, la ventouse ventrale est trois fois plus petite que la ventouse orale et est située derrière la terminaison antérieure des glandes vitellines. Chez I. lorum, la ventouse ventrale est plus grande que la ventouse orale et se trouve complètement devant les glandes vitellines.

Cycle de vie

Le cycle de vie de cette espèce est encore largement inconnu. Les organismes comparables qui ont été les plus étudiés sont les Schistosomes. Ces espèces vivent dans un environnement aquatique où la larve de premier stade est équipée de cils vibratiles et d'un système nerveux lui conférant la capacité de nager librement et de localiser son escargot aquatique hôte.

Cependant, les espèces de la famille des Brachylaimidae à laquelle appartient I. lorum accomplissent l'intégralité de leur cycle de vie dans un environnement terrestre en utilisant des escargots terrestres comme hôtes intermédiaires. De nombreux indices physiques permettent d'élaborer un cycle de vie cohérent en se basant sur d'autres espèces connues, notamment le trématode Nord-américain Postharmostomum helicis qui infecte la Souris à pattes blanches et plusieurs genres d'escargots terrestres comme Anguispira, Polygyra, Deroceras et surtout Anguispira alternata.

L'œuf, à la coquille très résistante et contenant des réserves nutritives, est directement ingéré par une première espèce d'escargots lors de sa consommation des excréments d'une taupe infectée. L'œuf contient la larve, nommée miracidium, qui n'a ni cils, ni système nerveux. Dans ce premier mollusque hôte intermédiaire, le miracidium migre vers les intestins et subit une métamorphose, se transformant alors en un sporocyste qui produit de nombreuses cercaires. Cette production peut se dérouler durant plus d'une année. Ces cercariae sont ensuite excrétées dans la cavité du manteau de l'escargot et passent à l'extérieur par les pores respiratoires dans la traînée de bave. Les cercariae sont ensuite ingérées par un deuxième escargot hôte, les premiers étant immunisés contre cette étape. Elles passent par l'intermédiaire des pores de l'urètre et pénètrent dans l'enveloppe du cœur, dans lequel elles s'enkystent pour former des métacercariae. La taupe, l'hôte définitif, s'infecte ensuite en mangeant l'escargot. Les metacercariae atteignent le cæcum et s'y nourrissent de sang. Elles muent enfin pour donner des vers sexuellement matures qui produisent des œufs. Après maturation, ils sont éjectés avec les fèces. Un minimum de 40 semaines est nécessaire pour l'achèvement du cycle de vie.

Références

Voir aussi

Diplostomida
Parasite (nom scientifique)
Animal parasite de mammifères

Ityogonimus lorum


PAOK FC (Π.Α.Ο.Κ., tam adı: Πανθεσσαλονίκειος Αθλητικός Όμιλος Κωνσταντινουπολιτών / Panthessalonikeios Athlitikos Omilos Konstantinoupoliton, anlamı: "Konstantinopolislilerin Pan-Selanik Spor Kulübü"), Yunanistan'ın Selanik kentinde kurulmuş bir futbol kulübüdür. Siyah-beyaz renklere sahip olan kulüp, maçlarını 29.800 kişilik Toumba Stadı'nda oynar. Takım şu anda Alpha Ethniki'de mücadele etmektedir.

1875 yılında İstanbul'un bir bölgesi olan Pera'da Hermes adıyla kuruldu ve Türk-Yunan Savaşı'nın etkisiyle tıpkı AEK ve Panionis gibi Yunanistan'a taşınmıştır. 1926 yılında kulübün taşındığı şehir Selanik'dir.

2019 yılında Yunanistan ligini namağlup şampiyon olarak tamamlamıştır.

Başarıları

Yunanistan

Super League (Yunanistan): (3)
 1976, 1985, 2019
 İkinci: (10) 1937, 1940, 1973, 1978, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022
Kipello Ellados: (8)
 1972, 1974, 2001, 2003, 2017, 2018, 2019,2021
 Finalist: (14) 1939, 1951, 1955, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1992, 2014, 2022

Gençler

Yunanistan U-20 Şampiyonası: (2)
 2002-03, 2006-07

Avrupa

UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası
 Çeyrek final: (1) 1973-74

Takım kadrosu

Dış bağlantılar
 Paok FC Resmi Sitesi

Kaynakça

PAOK (futbol takımı)


Tom Penny (* 13. April 1977 in Dorchester, Oxfordshire) ist ein britischer Skateboarder.

Leben
Tom Penny startete seine Karriere als professioneller Skater in Großbritannien. Sein erster Sponsor war Sean Goff, Inhaber des SS20-Skateshops in Oxford. Kurz darauf wurde er Mitglied des Death Box Skateteams, aus dem später die Firma Flip Skateboards entstand, mit Ian Deacon und Jeremy Fox, sowie als Skateboard-Profis Penny, Rune Glifberg, Geoff Rowley und Andy Scott im Team. Tom Penny wurde durch seine Teilnahme an zahlreichen Skateboard-Wettkämpfen, sogenannten Contests bekannt und trat 1993 erstmals in einem Video des 411 Video Magazine in Erscheinung.

Im Jahr 1994 verlegte sich Flip Skateboards nach Huntington Beach in Kalifornien und auch Penny zog in die Vereinigten Staaten, wo er Mitbewohner von Chad Muska wurde. Mitte bis Ende der 1990er Jahre begann seine Contest-Siegesserie. Penny besiegte zahlreiche prominente US-Skater bei Wettbewerben, darunter Eric Koston, Andrew Reynolds, Ray Barbee, Bob Burnquist und Jamie Thomas. Halfpipe-Legende Tony Hawk soll seinen Konkurrenten bei einem Contest gesagt haben; «Wenn Tom Penny je anfängt, Vollzeit Halfpipe zu skaten, dann können wir alle einpacken.»

Penny lebte einige Jahre in Spanien und Frankreich sowie in Buenos Aires, wo er seine Partnerin kennenlernte. Er wird derzeit neben Flip Skateboards auch von Supra Footwear gesponsert. Seit 16. Juni 2021 wird Tom Penny wieder von és footwear gesponsert.

Andrew Reynolds betitelte Penny als König der Frontside Flips.

Belege

Skater (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Brite
Geboren 1977
Mann

Tom Penny