Der Babysitter ist los (engl. Originaltitel: Some Enchanted Evening) ist die dreizehnte Folge der ersten Staffel der US-amerikanischen Zeichentrickserie Die Simpsons. Obwohl ihre Produktion als die erste der Staffel begann, wurde sie wegen schlechter Animation erneuert und als letzte ausgestrahlt.

Handlung
Da sich Homer seiner Frau gegenüber wie ein Macho verhält, ruft sie bei Dr. Marvin Monroes Hörfunksendung an, um sich dort helfen zu lassen. Zur selben Zeit hören sich Homer und seine Kollegen diese Sendung während der Arbeit an. Anfangs macht sich Homer über die Anruferin lustig, als er und seine Kollegen jedoch erkennen, dass es Marge ist, wird Homer ausgelacht.

Weil sie im Radio sagte, sie werde ihrem Mann ihre Meinung sagen, kauft er ihr Blumen und lädt sie zu einem romantischen Abend in einem Restaurant mit anschließender Übernachtung in einem Hotel ein. Marge verzeiht ihm daraufhin und sie beauftragen einen Babysitter für die Kinder. Nachdem dieser eingetroffen ist, fahren Homer und Marge weg. In der Folgezeit entpuppt sich Miss Botz als eine "Babysitter-Gangsterin", die die Häuser ihrer Auftraggeber ausraubt und die Kinder gefesselt zurücklässt. Als sie das Haus der Simpsons nach Wertgegenständen durchsucht, überwältigen die Kinder nun sie und fesseln sie.

Um die Polizei anrufen zu können, laufen sie ein paar Straßen weiter zu einer Telefonzelle. Zur gleichen Zeit machen sich ihre Eltern Sorgen, da zu Hause keiner das Telefon abnimmt, und fahren wieder zurück nach Hause. Weil sie denken, dies wäre ein Streich der Kinder gewesen, lassen sie Miss Botz frei. Als kurz darauf die Polizei und die Kinder zum Haus kommen, ist die Babysitterin bereits verschwunden.

Kulturelle Referenzen
Während der Originaltitel dieser Folge eine Anspielung auf das Album Some Enchanted Evening ist, ist der deutsche Titel an den Zeichentrickfilm Die Hunde sind los angelehnt. Ms. Botz' Verfolgen von Bart in den Keller des Hauses der Familie erinnert an Robert Mitchums Verfolgung eines kleinen Jungen in dem Film Die Nacht des Jägers.

Produktion
Obwohl diese Folge als die letzte der ersten Staffel ausgestrahlt wurde, begann ihre Produktion als die erste der Staffel, und sie sollte auch als erste ausgestrahlt werden. Schöpfer Matt Groening und Drehbuchautor/Produzent Sam Simon schrieben das Drehbuch für die Folge.

Regisseur der Folge war zunächst Kent Butterworth. Klasky Csupo, das Animationsstudio, das die früheren Kurzfilme von Die Simpsons produziert hatte, war bis auf eine Ausnahme für die Animation verantwortlich. Während der Jahre der Produktion der Kurzfilme wurde alles in ihrem eigenen Haus erstellt. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Arbeitsbelastung durch die 30-minütigen Folgen wurde die Produktion auch an das südkoreanische Animationsstudio AKOM vergeben. Während Charakter- und Hintergrundgestaltung vom heimischen Studio erstellt wurden, wurden tweening, Kolorierung und Aufnahme in den Übersee-Studios erledigt. Somit war es ein Debakel, als diese erste aus Korea zurückkehrende Folge den Produktionsmitarbeitern im Bungalow von Gracie Films vorgeführt wurde. Der ausführende Produzent und Show Runner James L. Brooks meinte als erste Reaktion auf die Animation: "This is shit." (zu deutsch: "Das ist Scheiße.") Nach diesen Worten soll der Raum fast geleert gewesen sein. Ein heftiger Streit folgte zwischen Brooks und Gabor Csupo, Leiter von Klasky Csupo, welcher bestritt, dass etwas mit der Animation schiefgelaufen sei, und behauptete, das eigentliche Problem sei die Qualität des Drehbuchs der Folge gewesen.

Das Problem mit der Animation aus der Ansicht der Produzenten war, dass sie nicht den "für die Show vorgesehenen unverwechselbaren Stil" beinhaltet habe. Üblicherweise wurden Cartoons im Stil von Disney, Warner Bros. oder Hanna-Barbera gezeichnet. Cartoons von Disney und Warner Bros. besaßen ein kurvenreiches Universum, in dem die Charaktere aus Gummi zu bestehen schienen. Die Produzenten wollten allerdings eine möglichst realistische Umgebung, in der die Figuren und Gegenstände nichts tun können, was nicht auch in der realen Welt möglich ist. Der Stil von Hanna-Barbera war das Benutzen von üblichen Comic-Sounds, das die Produzenten auch nicht wollten.

Die Produzenten dachten über einen Abbruch der Serie nach, falls sich die nächste Folge Bart the Genius (dt. Titel: Bart wird ein Genie) auch als schlecht erwiesen hätte; diese litt aber nur an leicht reparierbaren Problemen. Anschließend baten sie Fox, die Premiere der Serie um mehrere Monate zu verschieben. Danach wechselte die Premiere auf die Folge Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire (dt. Titel: Es weihnachtet schwer), welche im Dezember als ein "Christmas Special" ausgestrahlt wurde. Damit wurde sichergestellt, dass mehr Zeit für das Ausbessern der Animationsprobleme aufgewendet werden konnte. Die Aufgabe als Regisseur wurde für die Neuaufnahmen von Kent Butterworth an David Silverman vergeben, welcher bereits Erfahrung aus den Kurzfilmen hatte. Silverman schätzt, dass etwa 70 % der Folge erneuert werden mussten. Die meisten dieser Neuaufnahmen bestanden aus Änderungen beim Hintergrund. Das Resultat daraus ist eine Folge, in der die Animation ungleichmäßig ist und zwischen früherer Animation und erneuerter wechselt.

Die Folge zeigt mehrere frühere Charakterdesigns. Moe Szyslak hat in ihr schwarze Haare, was später in grau geändert wurde. Barney Gumble besitzt gelbe Haare, die später in braun geändert wurden, um seine Haare von seiner Haut unterscheiden zu können. Durch die verzögerte Ausstrahlung zeigt sie auch mehrere Kontinuitätsfehler. Hund Knecht Ruprecht ist zum Beispiel in dieser Folge nicht zu sehen, weil er erst in Es weihnachtet schwer eingeführt wird. Originalsprecher Hank Azaria wurde zu dieser Zeit für seine Stimme als Moe Szyslak als Gaststar gutgeschrieben. In dieser Folge wurde Moe ursprünglich von Christopher Collins synchronisiert, als Azaria aber seine Version zeigte, entschieden sich die Mitwirkenden für ihn. Azaria wurde danach ein regelmäßiger Sprecher ab der zweiten Staffel.

Rezeption

Die Erstausstrahlung von Some Enchanted Evening beendete die Nielsen Ratings der Woche vom 17. bis zum 23. Mai 1990 mit einem Rating von 15,4 auf den 12. Platz und wurde dabei von etwa 14,2 Millionen Fernsehhaushalten gesehen.

Seit ihrer Erstausstrahlung erhielt die Folge unterschiedliche Bewertungen von Kritikern. Die Autoren des Buches I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, schrieben: "Es ist ein ziemlicher Schock zu entdecken, dass diese selbstsichere, voll abgerundete Folge die erste war, die gemacht wurde. Die perfekte Vorlage." Colin Jacobson von DVD Movie Guide schrieb in einer Rezension, er denke, sie sei eine "einigermaßen gute" Folge, und fügte hinzu: "Trotzdem ist sie ein ungeschicktes Bruchstück und nicht eine, die ich sehr genoss. Zwar war 'Evening' in der Regel unterhaltsam, aber sie ist nichts Besonderes." In einer weiteren Rezension gab David B. Grelck der Folge eine Bewertung von 1,5 von 5 Punkten. Eine weitere der Internetseite The Digital Bits nannte die Hintergrundgeschichte zu dieser Folge interessanter als die eigentliche Folge.

Laut Al Jean sollen die Zuschauer gedacht haben, diese Folge sei die beste der ersten Staffel gewesen. Im Jahre 2006 erklärte IGN jedoch die Folge Tauschgeschäfte und Spione als die beste der Staffel. Penny Marshall, welche Ms. Botz in der Originalversion synchronisierte, befindet sich auf der Liste der 25 besten Gaststars der Serie von AOL.

Weblinks

 Some Enchanted Evening auf The Simpsons.com (englisch)
 Eintrag von Der Babysitter ist los auf Simpsonspedia.net

Einzelnachweise

Babysitter Ist Los #Der

Der Babysitter ist los


Gülay Pınarbaşı, (d. 1969, Karaman) Türk sinema oyuncusu.

İlk ve orta dereceli eğitimini Konya'da tamamladıktan sonra, Ankara Gazi Yüksek Hemşirelik Okulu'nu kazandı.

1989 yılında mankenliğe başlayıp, bir yıl sonra, 1990'da, "Miss Globe Türkiye Güzeli" seçildi. Bundan sonraki dönemde birçok televizyon dizisinde ve filmde rol aldı. "Ölümsüz Diriliş" ve "Kelebekler Sonsuza Uçar" gibi dini ağırlıklı filmlerde başrol oynadı. 1991-1993 yılları arasında Aktüel Kreasyon isimli dergide Moda Editörlüğü ve Halkla İlişkiler Müdürlüğü yaptı.

1993 yılının Nisan ayında mankenliği bıraktı. Pınarbaşı, İslami yaşam tarzını seçtim dedi, örtündü, Refah Partisi'nin kongrelerine katıldı ve Harun Yahya cemaatinde bulundu.

1993 da Vakit gazetesine köşe yazıları hazırlamaya başladı. 1994 Şubat'ında Refah Partisi'ne katıldı.

Çalışmalarını halen sürdürmekte olan Pınarbaşı'nın Milli Gazete'de ve Mektup, Genç Birikim, Anadolu Gençlik gibi dergilerde düzenli olarak makaleleri yayımlanmaktadır.

Filmografisi
 Benim Zaferim (1991) Meral
 İki Kızkardeş (1992)
 İskilipli Atıf Hoca/Kelebekler Sonsuza Uçar (1992) Mine

Kaynakça
 http://www.gulaypinarbasi.com/yazarhakkinda.html
 http://www.sinematurk.com/kisi.php3?kkodu=1448

Türk kadın sinema oyuncuları
Türk kadın modeller
1969 doğumlular
Karaman doğumlu sanatçılar
Yaşayan insanlar
Millî Gazete kişileri

Gülay Pınarbaşı


|-
| colspan=15 align="center"|

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | J.F. Kennedy

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Villejean - Université

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Pontchaillou

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Anatole France

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Sainte-Anne

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | République

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Charles de Gaulle

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Gares

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Jacques Cartier

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Clemenceau

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Henri Fréville

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Italie

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Triangle

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Le Blosne

| colspan=15 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | La Poterie

| colspan=25 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Viaduc de franchissement de la rocade

| colspan=25 rowspan=5 align="left" valign="top" | Pont sur le Blosne

| colspan=9 align="left" valign="top" | Garage-atelier de Chantepie

Ligne A du métro de Rennes

Plan des voies de la ligne A du métro de Rennes


Astrograma este o reprezentare grafică utilizată în astrologie care marchează poziția soarelui, a lunii și a planetelor la un moment dat.
De obicei astrogramele se realizează pentru ziua și ora nașterii unei persoane, pentru a realiza ceea ce se numește "astrogramă natală", "horoscop nativ" sau "hartă natală"

În limba română vorbită, prin astrogramă se înțelege definiția de dicționar a cuvântului horoscop, iar cuvântul "horoscop" definește previziunile astrologice (de obicei zilnice), așa cum sunt ele realizate de mass-media. Confuzia se datorează faptului că mass-media numește aceste previziuni "horoscopul zilei".

Note

Legături externe
Generarea astrogramei online  , 15 iulie 2019, Astrograma.online
Ce înseamnă o astrogramă, 18 aprilie 2008, Zodii.ro
Calcul Astrograma natala

Astrologie

Astrogramă


Chelsea getur átt við

Borgarhluta í London.
Chelsea FC, knattspyrnulið í sama hverfi.
Chelsea L.F.C., kvennalið þess félags.

Aðgreiningarsíður

Chelsea


An Cryptocentrum roseans in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Schltr., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Alex Drum Hawkes. An Cryptocentrum roseans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptocentrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cryptocentrum

Cryptocentrum roseans


Patrick Anthony McCarran (August 8, 1876 – September 28, 1954) was an American farmer, attorney, judge, and Democratic politician who represented Nevada in the United States Senate from 1933 until 1954.

McCarran was born in Reno, Nevada, attended Nevada State University (now the University of Nevada, Reno), and was a farmer and rancher. In 1902, he won election to the Nevada Assembly but left office in 1905 after an unsuccessful campaign for the Nevada State Senate. He studied law privately and was admitted to the bar in 1905, then won election as Nye County District Attorney. He served a two-year term, after which he returned to Reno. From 1913 to 1919, McCarran was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada, serving as chief justice from 1917 to 1919. His support for the aviation industry was well known and resulted in Las Vegas's former McCarran Field (now Harry Reid International Airport) being named in his honor.

In 1932, McCarran unseated incumbent Republican Tasker Oddie to become the state's first U.S. senator born in Nevada; he was reelected three times and served from 1933 until his death. In his Senate career, McCarran served as chairman of the committees on the District of Columbia, Judiciary, and Joint Foreign Economic Cooperation. As Senator, McCarran is remembered as one of the few Democrats to reject the Second New Deal. He sponsored the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 and was a proponent of establishing the United States Air Force. McCarran was also an anti-communist to the point of supporting some fascists (including Francisco Franco) to limit the international spread of communism. He sponsored the McCarran Internal Security Act, restricting the political activities of those supporting "totalitarian dictatorship" in the United States. Other significant legislation McCarran sponsored includes the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, sometimes referred to as the McCarran-Walter Act, and the McCarran–Ferguson Act, a landmark law exempting the insurance industry from federal regulation, and the 1946 Administrative Procedure Act, which McCarran described as "a Bill of Rights for the hundreds of thousands of Americans whose affairs are controlled or regulated" by federal agencies.

McCarran's career in the Senate was negatively marked by his antisemitism and his conflict with the Franklin Roosevelt administration over the New Deal and cooperation with the Soviet Union in World War II.

Early life and education
McCarran was born in Reno, Nevada to Irish immigrants Margaret Shay and Patrick McCarran.  He was educated in Reno and graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1897 at Reno High School. McCarran's mother was a devout Catholic, and he inherited his mother's faith.

He attended Nevada State University (now the University of Nevada, Reno) but withdrew to work on the family sheep ranch after his father suffered an injury. Instead of returning to college, McCarran studied law with attorney William Woodburn.

Some sources incorrectly state that McCarran received a bachelor's degree in 1901 and a master's degree in 1915. In fact, he never received a bachelor's degree, and he was awarded an honorary Master of Arts from Nevada State University in 1915. He also received an honorary LL.D. from Georgetown University in 1943 and an honorary LL.D. from the University of Nevada in 1945.

Nevada Assembly
McCarran ran for the Nevada Assembly in 1902 as a free silver Democrat with encouragement from his political science professor Anne Henrietta Martin. He was elected and served one term from 1903 to 1905. In 1904, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Nevada State Senate.

He was admitted to the bar in 1905. In 1906, he was elected district attorney of Nye County. He served one term, 1907 to 1909, after which he moved to Reno to continue practicing law.

Nevada Supreme Court
In 1912, McCarran was elected to the Supreme Court of Nevada, succeeding John G. Sweeney. He served as a justice from January 1913 to January 1917.

In January 1917, he succeeded Frank Herbert Norcross as chief justice. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1918 and left office in January 1919.

State government
Both during his time on the court and afterwards, McCarran continued to play a central role in Nevada's state government, as well as its legal and criminal justice systems. From 1913 to 1918, he served on the state Board of Library Commissioners. In addition, he served as chairman of the Nevada State University Board of Visitors.

During his time on the Court from 1913 to 1919, McCarran served on the state Board of Pardons. He was a member of the Board of Parole Commissioners from 1913 to 1918, and he served on the Board of Bar Examiners from 1919 until 1932.

McCarran was president of the Nevada Bar Association from 1920 to 1921 and was a vice president of the American Bar Association from 1922 to 1923.

United States Senate

Electoral history
McCarran's ambition to serve as a U.S. Senator was well known in Nevada, and often the subject of commentary and jokes in the press. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1916, and lost to incumbent Key Pittman. McCarran endorsed Pittman in the general election, and Pittman was reelected.

In 1926, McCarran was again a candidate for the U.S. Senate. He lost the Democratic nomination to Raymond T. Baker, who was defeated by Republican incumbent Tasker Oddie in the general election.

In 1932, McCarran won the Democratic nomination and defeated Oddie in the general election. He was reelected in 1938, 1944, and 1950. He served from March 4, 1933 until his death in 1954.

In 1944, McCarran was challenged by Vail M. Pittman in the Democratic primary, leading to an especially hard-fought campaign that was finally won by McCarran. Pittman ascribed the result to McCarran's ability to bring federal money to fund infrastructure projects in Nevada: "McCarran had a pet project in nearly every town in the state. Housing projects, sewage systems, airfields, power projects, school houses and heaven knows what...People remember the little personal favors and the things that help financially, but they forgot all the things done that are more remote, but more vital". McCarran's biographer Jerome Edwards endorsed this theory, arguing that the narrow margin suggests that a substantial number of registered Democrats in Nevada were dissatisfied with McCarran, but his ability to have the federal government built infrastructure projects that Nevada could not afford on its own explains his enduring appeal in his state.

Leadership positions
During his career as a Senator, McCarran served as chairman of the Senate Committees on the District of Columbia (77th and 78th Congresses) and Judiciary (78th, 79th, 81st, and 82nd Congresses). He also served as co-chairman of the Joint Committee on Foreign Economic Cooperation (81st United States Congress).

Opposition to Roosevelt administration
Although both were Democrats, McCarran came into increasing opposition with President Franklin D. Roosevelt over patronage decisions, the Second New Deal, and foreign policy.

During his first term, McCarran engaged in a major struggle for the control of patronage appointments relating to federal projects in Nevada with his Democratic colleague Key Pittman. As Nevada was a poor state and badly hit by the Great Depression, there was considerable competition for patronage appointments, and control of patronage was a major political tool. President Roosevelt tended to side with Pittman, the senior senator, in the struggle, thereby earning McCarran's enmity. Pittman's serious alcoholism rendered him less effective in his last years, and McCarran was able to become the dominant force within the Nevada Democratic Party by 1938.

In the late 1930s, McCarran criticized Roosevelt's "Second New Deal" programs as too liberal. Much of McCarran's opposition to the New Deal stemmed from his anger that New Deal programs increased Pittman's capacity for patronage appointments.

McCarran was also critical of Roosevelt's willingness to intervene in Europe, particularly in alliance with the Soviet Union. From 1939 to 1941, McCarran opposed Roosevelt's plans for aid to Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France, accusing the president of trying to involve America in a war that was not its business. In particular, McCarran was outraged by the Roosevelt administration's offer of military and economic aid to the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, arguing that it was immoral to assist "godless communists." In a speech on the Senate floor, McCarran declared that he despised both Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin but regarded the Third Reich as the lesser evil and felt it was therefore profoundly wrong for the United States to aid the Soviet Union. McCarran was greatly influenced by Pope Pius XI's anti-communist Divini Redemptoris encyclical in spring 1937, declaring that "Communism is intrinsically wrong, and no one who would save Christian civilization may collaborate with it in any undertaking."

McCarran supported the war effort after the United States entered the conflict following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

McCarran's positions on several key committees, most notably Appropriations and Judiciary, gave him significant influence that he used to obtain federal funding for Nevada. Outside of Nevada, McCarran had the reputation of a narrow-minded and parochial senator; the same reasons that made him unpopular outside of Nevada made him popular to Nevadans as he developed the reputation of a dogged fighter for Nevada's interests. McCarran repeatedly attempted via filibusters to force the federal government to stockpile silver, a measure that would have benefited Nevada where silver mining was a major industry, but was widely denounced outside of Nevada as a plan for wasteful spending designed only to benefit his state. After Pearl Harbor, McCarran made much in his Senate speeches to the Senate of the fact that most of American industry was concentrated in the Northeast and the Midwest, and argued that the federal government had a duty to ensure that war production was shifted to less industrialized states like Nevada.

When Felix Frankfurter became the second Supreme Court nominee to testify in person before the Judiciary Committee, and the first Jewish one, McCarran "used the occasion to launch a nasty, sneering attack on the nominee, filled with innuendo about Frankfurter's foreign origins and alleged radical associations."

McCarran was well known for his efforts at constituent services, often going to extraordinary lengths on behalf of Nevada residents who requested his aid. For instance, McCarran intervened to shield a teenager from Nevada who stole 150 volumes from the Library of Congress and mutilated hundreds of books. In 1942, McCarran pressured the State Department to engage in a prisoner exchange to return the son of a Reno couple who had been captured by the Japanese at Wake Island. McCarran's reputation as a man who could "get things done" translated into substantial support at the polls.

In the 1940s and 1950s, 40 percent of Senate bills had to first be approved by the Senate Judiciary committee, giving McCarran immense power as he could easily kill these bills in his committee. Other committee chairmen had the same powers over bills related to their fields, but the number of bills that had to passed by the Judiciary Committee made McCarran far more influential than the other senate committee chairmen. Over time, McCarran used his position as chairman of the Judiciary Committee to engage in much deal-making that allowed him to collect a significant number of political "debts", making him one of the most powerful Senators. McCarran's conservative politics, which pitted him against first Roosevelt and then Harry S. Truman, frequently led to him being asked why he continued as a Democrat instead of defecting to the Republicans. In 1950, when McCarran was asked that question by a reporter, he responded: "I can do more good by staying in the Democratic Party and watching the lunatic fringe--the Roosevelt crowd". McCarran was against the plans of the Roosevelt and Truman administrations for federal health insurance and increased education spending; favored restricting the power of unions; was opposed to increased immigration, saying he did not want "undesirables from abroad" coming to America; and was against the United Nations, which he called "a haven for spies and Communists". As chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he appointed his friend, Senator James Eastland, a well known white supremacist and segregationist, as chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Civil Rights. Such was McCarran's power that in July 1952, the liberal Washington Post newspaper (which was not friendly to the conservative McCarran) declared in an article: "It sums the character of this congress to state an unquestionable fact: that its most important member was Patrick A. McCarran".

Aviation advocate

McCarran sponsored numerous laws concerning the early commercial aviation industry, including the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 and the Federal Airport Act of 1945. He was an early advocate of separating the United States Army Air Forces from the Army as the Air Force and began sponsoring the necessary legislation in 1933.

Other initiatives
In 1945, McCarran co-sponsored the McCarran-Ferguson Act, which exempted the insurance industry from most federal regulations, including antitrust rules.  Instead, this act required states to regulate insurance, including mandatory licensing requirements.

McCarran also co-sponsored the 1946 Administrative Procedures Act, which required federal agencies to keep the public informed of their organizational structure, procedures and rules, allowed for public participation in the rule making process, and established uniform standards for the conduct of formal rule making.

Anti-communism

McCarran established himself as one of the Senate's most ardent anti-Communists. An admirer of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, he was nicknamed the "Senator from Madrid" by columnist Drew Pearson over his efforts to increase foreign aid to Spain. McCarran voted for President Truman's 1947 plan to provide aid to Greece and Turkey as part of an effort to prevent them from becoming communist, but in 1949 McCarran broke with Truman after he rejected McCarran's request for increased economic aid to Spain and military aid to Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist Chinese government. In 1949, McCarran visited Spain, where he was welcomed as if he were a visiting head of state, and made clear his admiration for Franco. McCarran's praise for Franco greatly annoyed Truman. During his visit to Spain, McCarran discussed potential U.S. aid for Franco, infuriating Truman, who angrily declared that McCarran did not have the right to conduct his own foreign policy.

After World War II, McCarran continued his anti-Communist efforts. He was a supporter of Chiang Kai-shek and attributed the "loss of China" to communists to Soviet influence in the U.S. State Department. In 1952, McCarran and Republican Senators Joseph McCarthy and William Knowland attended a dinner hosted by the Kuomintang Ambassador to Washington, toasting "Back to the mainland!" McCarthy sought McCarran's favor after he started his "crusade against Communism." McCarran privately told friends that "Joe is a bit irresponsible" and a "publicity hound," but praised him for his attacks on the Truman administration. In 1951, in an interview with the U.S. News, McCarran expressed his belief that the American Communist Party had engaged in "infiltration" of the media, churches, university faculties, unions and "nationality groups."

In 1950, McCarran was the chief sponsor of the McCarran Internal Security Act, which required the Communist Party and affiliated organizations to register with the Attorney General and established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate possible communist subversion and communist front organizations. The act also gave the government power to imprison people "likely" to be spies, saboteurs, and "subversives" without trial (through those imprisoned could appeal to a review board) if the president declared a national emergency. President Truman vetoed the act, charging that it violated civil liberties and put the government in "the business of thought control," but Congress overrode Truman's veto. No such emergency was ever declared and the six camps built for this purpose by the Federal Bureau of Prisons were never used before being shut down in 1957. The act was never enforced due to numerous hearings, delays and appeals before its major provisions were held unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in 1965 and 1967.

As chairman of the Judiciary Committee, McCarran created and chaired the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee to investigate supposed communist spies and sympathizers within the  Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman administrations. In acrimonious hearings in February 1951, McCarran questioned Institute of Pacific Relations researcher Owen Lattimore, whom Senator McCarthy accused of being the "top Russian agent" responsible for the "loss of China." During the hearings, McCarran and Lattimore frequently engaged in shouting matches and interrupted one another. At the end of the hearings, McCarran stated Lattimore was "so flagrantly defiant" and "so persistent in his efforts to confuse and obscure the facts that the committee feels constrained to take due notice of his conduct ... That he has uttered untruths stands clear in the record." The subcommittee report written by McCarran concluded that China was indeed "lost" because of the policy followed by the State Department, declaring, "Owen Lattimore and John Carter Vincent were influential in bringing about a change in United States policy... favorable to the Chinese Communists". McCarran was careful not to accuse Lattimore of espionage, which would have allowed him to sue for libel, but came very close with the statement: "Owen Lattimore was, from some time beginning in the 1930s, a conscious, articulate instrument of the Soviet conspiracy". McCarran subsequently pushed successfully for Lattimore to be indicted for perjury.

Biographer Michael Ybarra asserted in his book Washington Gone Crazy: Senator Pat McCarran and the Great American Communist Hunt that "arguably no American wrecked as many lives as did the great Red hunter from Nevada."

As chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he held up the nomination of Truman's nominee for Attorney General, James McGranery, until McGanery promised to indict Lattimore. Lattimore's lawyer Abe Fortas defended him by claiming McCarran had deliberately asked questions about arcane and obscure matters that took place in the 1930s in the hope that Lattimore would not be able to recall them properly, thereby giving grounds for perjury indictments. Federal Judge Luther Youngdahl later dismissed all seven charges against Lattimore on the grounds that the matters in question were insubstantial, of little concern to McCarran's inquiry, or the result of questions phrased in such a way that they could not be fairly answered.

On July 27, 1953, the armistice of Panmunjom was signed ending the Korean War. McCarran attracted national attention when he criticized President Dwight Eisenhower on the Senate floor for signing the armistice, which he called "a perpetuation of a fraud on this country and the United Nations". McCarran believed that the United States and the rest of its allies fighting under the United Nations banner in Korea should have fought on until all of Korea was unified under the leadership of President Syngman Rhee, which led him to see the armistice as a sort of American defeat.

Immigration
In June 1952, McCarran joined Francis Walter in sponsorship of the McCarran–Walter Act, a law that abolished racial restrictions found in United States immigration and naturalization statutes going back to the Naturalization Act of 1790 and also imposed more rigid restrictions on quotas for immigrants entering the United States. McCarran's anti-Semitism was also reflected in his view on immigration; he actively opposed efforts to permit survivors of the Holocaust to come to the United States. The Act also stiffened the existing law relating to the admission, exclusion and deportation of dangerous aliens under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Of the Act, McCarran said:

Some of the immigration provisions of the act were later superseded by the 1965 Immigration Act, but the power of the government to deny visas for ideological reasons remained on the books another 25 years after that.

Personal life
In 1903, McCarran married Harriet Martha "Birdie" Weeks (1882–1963). They were the parents of four daughters and one son. Samuel McCarran became a doctor and worked in Reno. Margaret and Mary became members of the Order of Dominican Sisters. Norine was a longtime employee of the Library of Congress. Patricia became the wife of Edwin Parry Hay of Maryland. Mary left the order in 1957 and became an investment broker, art studio owner, and author.

Death and burial
McCarran died in Hawthorne, Nevada, on September 28, 1954, collapsing of a heart attack following a speech he gave at a political rally. McCarran was buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Reno.

Legacy
McCarran is remembered as one of the few Democrats to oppose President Franklin D. Roosevelt and reject the New Deal. In addition, he was a proponent of the aviation industry; he was a sponsor of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 and the Federal Airport Act of 1945, and was a proponent of establishing the United States Air Force separate from the Army. In recent years he has been accused of racism, antisemitism, and xenophobia. His strident anti-communism matched that of Joseph McCarthy.

Harold L. Ickes described McCarran as "easy-going, old-shoe 'Pat'" in a column criticizing McCarran as a tool of the oil companies. American journalist John Gunther was also critical of McCarran's alleged corporate ties, writing that he resembled gold "in that he is soft, heavy, and not a good conductor."

McCarran Boulevard in Reno is named for Pat McCarran, as is McCarran Street in North Las Vegas.

Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas was named after Senator McCarran prior to December 14, 2021. For some time, many Nevada politicians had supported removing his name from the airport due to his antisemitic and racist beliefs. U.S. Senator Harry Reid said McCarran was "one of the most prejudiced people who has ever served in the Senate." On February 16, 2021, the Clark County Commissioners voted unanimously to officially change the name of McCarran International Airport to Harry Reid International Airport. The name change took place after federal approval and just before Reid's death.

National Statuary Hall and controversy

A statue of McCarran is included in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol.  Each state is allowed to display likenesses of two individuals; Nevada's are those of McCarran and Sarah Winnemucca.

In 2017, Nevada's three Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives wrote to Governor Brian Sandoval and state legislative leaders and stated their view that review of McCarran's career might warrant removal of his statue from the National Statuary Hall Collection.

In January, 2017, a poll of Nevada legislators indicated support for removing McCarran's statue from the collection.  A bill introduced in the Nevada State Senate, SB 174, which called for the removal of the statue and renaming of McCarran International Airport for former U.S. Senator Harry Reid, failed to be passed before the end of the 2017 legislative session on June 1, 2017.

Popular culture
Cartoonist Walt Kelly introduced a character into his Pogo comic strip called Mole MacCaroney. Mole's near-blindness and concerns about "germs" were seen as a hostile reference to McCarran and his immigration restriction policies.
McCarran was in part the inspiration for the fictional character of the corrupt United States Senator Pat Geary in the film The Godfather Part II.
McCarran's chair from his tenure in the U.S. Senate was featured in a 2011 episode of the History Channel reality television series Pawn Stars.

See also
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999)

References

Further reading

By Pat McCarran
 McCarran, Pat. "Three years of the Federal Administrative Procedure Act: A study in Legislation" Georgetown Law Journal 38 (1949) pp 574+ online

External links

1876 births
1954 deaths
Catholics from Nevada
American people of Irish descent
Democratic Party United States senators from Nevada
District attorneys in Nevada
McCarthyism
Democratic Party members of the Nevada Assembly
Justices of the Nevada Supreme Court
Politicians from Reno, Nevada
University of Nevada, Reno alumni
Reno High School alumni
Anti-immigration politics in the United States
Chief Justices of the Nevada Supreme Court
Old Right (United States)
American anti-communists
Antisemitism in the United States

Pat McCarran


Regiunea Statistică de Est () este una dintre cele 8 regiuni statistice ale Republicii Macedonia. Este localizată în partea de est a țării, la granița cu Bulgaria. În interiorul țării, se învecinează cu Regiunea Statistică Vardar, Regiunea Statistică Skopje, Regiunea Statistică de Nord-Est și Regiunea Statistică de Sud-Est.

Comune

Regiunea Statistică de Est este împărțită în 11 comune:
 Comuna Berovo
 Comuna Ceșinovo-Obleșevo
 Comuna Delcevo
 Comuna Karbinți
 Comuna Koceani
 Comuna Makedonska Kamenița
 Comuna Pehcevo
 Comuna Probiștip
 Comuna Știp
 Comuna Vinița
 Comuna Zrnovți

Demografie

Populație
În prezent populația Regiunii Statistice de Est este de 181,858 locuitori sau 9.0% din populația totală a Republicii Macedonia, potrivit ultimului recensământ din 2002.

Grupuri Etnice
Cel mai numeros grup etnic din regiune este cel al macedonenilor.

Regiunea Statistică de Est


Blythipicus, ağaçkakangiller (Picidae) familyasından içinde 2 tür ağaçkakan barındıran bir kuş cinsidir. Blythipicus cinsi ağaçkakanlar Hindistan, Bangladeş, Nepal ve Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerinde yaşar.

Sınıflandırma
Aşağıda 2005 tarihli ITIS sınıflandırması kaynak alınmıştır:

 Cins: Blythipicus
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis - Körfez ağaçkakanı
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis annamensis (Kinnear, 1926)
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis cameroni (Robinson, 1928)
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis hainanus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis pyrrhotis (Hodgson, 1837)
 Blythipicus pyrrhotis sinensis (C.B. Rickett, 1897)
 Blythipicus rubiginosus - Maron ağaçkakan

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar

Picinae
Kuş cinsleri

Blythipicus


Boksernes Konge er en stumfilm fra 1919 instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr. efter manuskript af Hr. Skjold Larsen og Einer Andreasen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Boksefilm
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1919

Boksernes Konge


PEO steht für:
 Polyethylenoxid, dem IUPAC-basierte Namen von Polyethylenglycol
 Professional Employer Organization, ein Unternehmen, das anderen Unternehmen Dienstleistungen im Bereich Business Process Outsourcing und Personalmanagement anbietet

Peo steht für:
 Rekong Peo, eine Stadt im indischen Bundesstaat Himachal Pradesh

Peo ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Sheeva Peo (* 1976), nauruische Gewichtheberin

peo steht für:
 Altpersische Sprache (ISO-639-3-Code)

P.E.O. bezeichnet
 P.E.O. Foundation, 1961 in den USA gegründete Stiftung zur Förderung der P.E.O. Sisterhood
 P.E.O. Sisterhood, 1869 in den USA gegründete philanthropische Bildungsorganisation unter dem Motto "Frauen helfen Frauen"

Abkürzung

Peo


Çitlembik (Celtis), yaklaşık 60-70 tür barındıran, her yıl yaprak döken bir ağaç cinsidir. Kuzey Yarıkürenin ılıman iklime sahip bölgelerine yayılmış, güney Avrupa, güney ve doğu Asya, güney ve orta Kuzey Amerika, ve güney ve orta Afrika'da bulunan bir bitkidir. Genellikle orta büyüklükte ağaçlardır, boyları 10-25 metre uzunluğundadır, nadiren 40 metre uzunluğa ulaşabilirler.

Eskiden Ulmaceae familyası veya kendi familyası olan Celtidaceae'ye yerleştirilse de, APG (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) tarafından yapılan genetik analizler sonucu Cannabaceae familyasına yerleştirmenin en uygun olduğu ortaya çıkmış ve cins bu familyaya yerleştirilmiştir.

Basit yaprakları yaklaşık 3–15 cm uzunluğunda, yumurta şeklinde, sivri uçlu ve kenarları tırtıklıdır.

Meyvesi sert çekirdekli-eriksi, 6–10 mm çapındadır ve birçok hayvan türü tarafından yenilebilir; kuru ama tatlı bir tada sahiptir.

Bazı türleri süs ağacı olarak yetiştirilmekte ve susuzluğa karşı dayanıklılığı için tercih edilmektedir.

İstanbul'da bu ağaca "çitlenbik" denir. Ancak, Akdeniz ve Ege bölgelerinde "çitlenbik" adı Pistacia terebinthus için kullanılır. Çukurova'da bu ağaca "dardağan" adı verilir. Hekimhan, Malatya ve Sivas dolaylarında bu ağaca "Dağın" adı verilmektedir.

Eskiden çocuklar bu meyvenin çekirdeklerini "Dağın atacağı" isimli dolmakalem kalınlığında 30 cm uzunluğunda bir borucuk ile hedeflere atarlardı.

Türler
 Celtis aurantiaca
 Adi çitlembik (Celtis australis) Türkiye.
 Celtis biondii
 Bunge çitlembiği (Celtis bungeana)
 Kafkas çitlembiği (Celtis caucasica) Türkiye.
 Celtis cerasifera
 Celtis chekiangensis
 Celtis choseniana
 Dikenli çitlembik (Celtis ehrenbergiana)
 Parlak yapraklı çitlembik (Celtis glabrata) Türkiye.
 Celtis gomphophylla
 Celtis iguanaea
 Afrika çitlembiği (Celtis integrifolia)
 Kore çitlembiği (Celtis koraiensis)
 Japon çitlembiği (Celtis jessoensis)
 Hubei çitlembiği (Celtis labilis)
 Şeker çitlembiği (Celtis laevigata)
 Celtis latifolia
 Celtis lindheimeri
 Batı çitlembiği (Celtis occidentalis)
 Celtis pallida
 Celtis paniculata
 Celtis philippensis
 Celtis reticulata
 Çin çitlembiği (Celtis sinensis)
 Celtis tetrandra
 Bodur çitlembik (Celtis tenuifolia)
 Celtis timorensis
 Doğu çitlembiği (Celtis tournefortii) Türkiye.
 Celtis trinervia
 Celtis vandervoetiana
 Celtis yunnanensis

Dış bağlantılar

Celtis
Arjantin ağaçları
Azerbaycan ağaçları
Ermenistan ağaçları

Çitlembik


est un hôtel et casino situé à Primm, Nevada, États-Unis. L'hôtel dispose de  et suites, d'une piscine, d'une boutique de souvenirs et de quatre restaurants. Whiskey Pete's est l'un des Primm Valley Resorts, détenu et exploité par Affinity Gaming. Le casino couvre  et comprend une section pour les paris de course et sportifs.

Histoire
La zone appartenait à l'origine à un propriétaire de station-service nommé Pete MacIntyre. Pete aurait eu du mal à joindre les deux bouts en vendant de l'essence et aurait eu recours à la contrebande d'alcool. Il était connu pour être une personnalité violente, même avec les clients de sa station-service. L'histoire de Primm se souvient de lui sous le nom de «  ». Il se marie avec Lauretta Frances Enders en 1932.

Lorsque Whiskey Pete mourut en 1933, la légende raconte qu'il voulait être enterré debout avec une bouteille d'alcool de contrebande dans les mains afin de pouvoir surveiller la région. La tombe anonyme de Whiskey Pete a été accidentellement exhumée alors que des ouvriers construisaient un pont reliant Whiskey Pete's à Buffalo Bill's. Le corps a été déplacé et serait maintenant enterré dans l'une des grottes où Pete a préparé son alcool de contrebande. La légende est par la suite réfutée : Lors des travaux du monorail de 1994 reliant Whiskey Pete à Buffalo Bill's, des ouvriers trouvent le cercueil de Pete. Le corps est largement décomposé, aucune arme ou bouteille n'a été trouvée, et le cercueil n'était pas à la verticale. Les ouvriers ont arrangé un nouveau cercueil et ont remis le corps là où il fut trouvé.

Après sa mort, sa femme Lauretta Frances Enders gère la station-service quelques années avant de la vendre. Le commerce passe de main en main, développant une activité de machines à sous au passage, puis est racheté par Ernest Jay Primm qui rebaptise le lieu  et l'inaugure en 1977 en tant que premier des casinos à être situé sur ce qui s'appelait alors State Line.

En 1983, une nouvelle tour hôtelière est construite dans le cadre d'un agrandissement de la propriété.

La voiture de la mort de Bonnie et Clyde
Le hall de  affiche la voiture dans laquelle Bonnie et Clyde ont été tués. La voiture a été exposée au Whiskey Pete's pendant plusieurs années dans les , mais a brièvement déménagé au Primm Valley Resort et au  à Verdi avant de retourner au  en .

En décembre 2022, le véhicule est déplacé dans le Buffalo Bill's.

Affaire Alexander Harris
Alexander Harris, un enfant de sept ans de Mountain View, en Californie, a été porté disparu de la salle de jeux vidéo de Whiskey Pete's en . Un corps a été découvert un mois plus tard à l'extérieur de la propriété. Suspecté, il est arrêté par Howard Lee Haupt, de San Diego, puis il a été acquitté de toutes les charges en 1989.

Transport

Des navettes gratuites circulent entre Whiskey Pete's et les autres hôtels du complexe, Primm Valley Resort et Buffalo Bill's.

Le  est relié au Primm Valley Resort par un monorail gratuit pour une seule voiture traversant l'Interstate 15. Le tramway a été construit par Schwager-Davis en utilisant la technologie UniTrak et a été modernisé en 1996. Le tram circule à  et peut transporter  par heure et par direction (pphpd). Des portes de chaque côté permettent aux passagers d'entrer et de sortir du tramway en même temps, réduisant ainsi le temps d'arrêt de 2 minutes à 1 minute. Les trams arrivent toutes les . Cependant, le tramway n'a pas fonctionné dès 2016 pour une raison inconnue.

Dans la culture populaire
Le casino apparaît dans le jeu vidéo , sous le nom du , Vikki et Vance étant l'équivalent dans cet univers de Bonnie et Clyde.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Casino au Nevada
Hôtel au Nevada
Complexe de loisirs
Comté de Clark (Nevada)

Whiskey Pete's


The Land Ordinance of 1785 was adopted by the United States Congress of the Confederation on May 20, 1785. It set up a standardized system whereby settlers could purchase title to farmland in the undeveloped west.  Congress at the time did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation, so land sales provided an important revenue stream.  The Ordinance set up a survey system that eventually covered over three-quarters of the area of the continental United States.

The earlier Land Ordinance of 1784 was a resolution written by Thomas Jefferson calling for Congress to take action. The land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River was to be divided into ten separate states. However, the 1784 resolution did not define the mechanism by which the land would become states, or how the territories would be governed or settled before they became states. The Ordinance of 1785 put the 1784 resolution in operation by providing a mechanism for selling and settling the land, while the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 addressed political needs.

The 1785 ordinance laid the foundations of land policy until passage of the Homestead Act of 1862. The Land Ordinance established the basis for the Public Land Survey System. The initial surveying was performed by Thomas Hutchins. After he died in 1789, responsibility for surveying was transferred to the Surveyor General. Land was to be systematically surveyed into square townships,  on a side, each divided into thirty-six sections of  or . These sections could then be subdivided for re-sale by settlers and land speculators.

The ordinance was also significant for establishing a mechanism for funding public education. Section 16 in each township was reserved for the maintenance of public schools. Many schools today are still located in section sixteen of their respective townships, although a great many of the school sections were sold to raise money for public education. In later States, section 36 of each township was also designated as a "school section".

The Point of Beginning for the 1785 survey was where Ohio (as the easternmost part of the Northwest Territory), Pennsylvania and Virginia (now West Virginia) met, on the north shore of the Ohio River near East Liverpool, Ohio. There is a historical marker just north of the site, at the state line where Ohio State Route 39 becomes Pennsylvania Route 68.

History
The Confederation Congress appointed a committee consisting of the following men:

 Thomas Jefferson (Virginia)
 Hugh Williamson (North Carolina)
 David Howell (Rhode Island)
 Elbridge Gerry (Massachusetts)
 Jacob Read (South Carolina)

On May 7, 1784, the people reported "An ordinance for ascertaining the mode of  locating and disposing of lands in the western territories, and for other purposes therein mentioned."  The ordinance required the land be divided into "hundreds of ten geographical miles square, each mile containing 6086 and 4-10ths of a foot" and "sub-divided into lots of one mile square each, or 850 and 4-10ths of an acre", numbered starting in the northwest corner, proceeding from west to east, and east to west, consecutively.  After debate and amendment, the ordinance was reported to Congress April 26, 1785.  It required surveyors "to divide the said territory into townships seven miles square,  by lines running due north and south, and others crossing these at right angles. —  The plats of the townships, respectively, shall be marked into sections of one mile square, or 640 acres."  This is the first recorded use of the terms "township" and "section."

On May 3, 1785, William Grayson of Virginia made a motion seconded by James Monroe to change "seven miles square" to "six miles square."  The ordinance was passed on May 20, 1785.  The sections were to be numbered starting at 1 in the southeast and running south to north in each tier to 36 in the northwest.  The surveys were to be performed under the direction of the Geographer of the United States (Thomas Hutchins). The Seven Ranges, the privately surveyed Symmes Purchase, and, with some modification, the privately surveyed Ohio Company of Associates, all of the Ohio Lands were the surveys completed with this section numbering.

The Act of May 18, 1796, provided for the appointment of a surveyor-general to replace the office of Geographer of the United States, and that "sections shall be numbered, respectively, beginning with number one in the northeast section, and proceeding west and east alternately, through the township, with progressive numbers till the thirty-sixth be completed."  All subsequent surveys were completed with this boustrophedonical section numbering system, except the United States Military District of the Ohio Lands which had five mile (8 km) square townships as provided by the Act of June 1, 1796, and amended by the Act of March 1, 1800.

Howe and others give Thomas Hutchins credit for conceiving the rectangular system of  lots of one square mile in 1764 while a captain in the Sixtieth, or, Royal American, Regiment, and engineer to the expedition under Col. Henry Bouquet to the forks of the Muskingum, in what is now Coshocton County, Ohio.  It formed part of his plan for military colonies north of the Ohio, as a protection against Indians.  The law of 1785 embraced most of the new system.  Treat, on the other hand, notes that tiers of townships were familiar in New England, and insisted on by the New England legislators.

Public education
Support for public schooling was established in the Land Ordinance through school lands which granted Section 16 (one square mile) of every township to be used for public education: "There shall be reserved the Lot No. 16, of every township, for the maintenance of public schools within said township." Section 16 was located near the center of the township. (For states surveyed under the federal rectangular system, survey townships and civil townships usually have the same boundaries, but there are many exceptions.) Section 36 was also subsequently added as a school section in western states. The various states and counties ignored, altered or amended this provision in their own ways, but the general (intended) effect was a guarantee that local schools would have an income and that the community schoolhouses would be centrally located for all children.

The School Lands are part of the Ohio Lands, comprising land grants in Ohio from the United States federal government for public schools. According to the Official Ohio Lands Book, "by 1920, 73,155,075 acres of public land had been given by the federal government to the public land states in support of public schooling."

In the Land Ordinance of 1785 provision was also made by land grant for higher education (the College Lands).

Layout of townships
Each western township contained thirty-six square miles of land, planned as a square measuring six miles on each side, which was further subdivided into thirty six lots, each lot containing one square mile of land. The mathematical precision of the planning was the concerted effort of surveyors. Each township contained dedicated space for public education and other government uses, as five of the thirty six lots were reserved for government or public purposes. The thirty six lots of each township were numbered accordingly on each township's survey. The centermost land of each township corresponded to lot numbers 15, 16, 21 and 22 on the township survey, with lot number 16 dedicated specifically to public education. As the Land Ordinance of 1785 stated: "There shall be reserved the lot No. 16, of every township, for the maintenance of public schools within the said township."

Knepper notes: "Sections number 8, 11, 26, and 29 in every township were reserved for future sale by the federal government when, it was hoped, they would bring higher prices because of developed land around them. Congress also reserved one third part of all gold, silver, lead, and copper mines to its own use, a bit of wishful thinking as regards Ohio lands." The ordinance also said "That three townships adjacent to Lake Erie be reserved, to be hereafter disposed of by Congress, for the use of the officers, men, and others, refugees from Canada, and the refugees from Nova Scotia, who are or may be entitled to grants of land under resolutions of Congress now existing." This was not possible, as the area next to Lake Erie was property of Connecticut, so the Canadians had to wait until the establishment of the Refugee Tract in 1798.

Influence
Many historians recognize the influences of the colonial experience in the land ordinances of the 1780s. The committees that formulated these ordinances were inspired by the individual colonial experiences of the states that they represented. The committees attempted to implement the best practices of such states to solve the task at hand. The surveyed townships of the Land Ordinance of 1785, writes historian Jonathan Hughes, "represented an amalgam of the colonial experience and ideals." Two geographically and ideologically distinct colonial land systems were competing at such time in history – the New England system and the Southern system. While the primary influence on the Land Ordinance of 1785 was the New England land system of the colonial era, marked by its emphasis on community development and systematic planning, the exceedingly individualistic Southern land system also played a role.

Even though Jefferson's committee had a Southern majority, it recommended the New England survey system. The highly planned and surveyed western townships established in the Land Ordinance of 1785, were heavily influenced by the New England settlements of the colonial era, particularly the land grant provisions of the Ordinances which dedicated land towards public education and other government uses. In colonial times, New England settlements contained dedicated public space for schools and churches, which often held a central role in the community. For instance, the 1751 royal charter for Marlboro Vermont provides: "one Shear [share] for the First Settled Minister one Shear for the benefit of the School forever." By the time the Land Ordinance of 1785 was enacted, the New England states had used land grants for over a century to support public education and build new schools. The clause in the Land Ordinance of 1785 which dedicated "Lot Number 16" of each western township for public education reflected this regional New England experience.

In addition, the use of surveyors to precisely chart out the new townships in the westward expansion was directly influenced by the New England land system, which similarly relied on surveyors and local committees to clearly delineate property boundaries. Defined property boundary lines and an established land title system, provided colonials with a sense of security in their land ownership, by minimizing the likelihood of ownership or boundary disputes. This was an important consideration in the Land Ordinance of 1785. One of the primary purposes of the Ordinance was to raise funds for the increasingly insolvent government. Providing land speculators security in their purchases encouraged additional demand for the western lands. In addition, the organized and communal nature of the western settlements, allowed the government to reserve a number of well-defined plots of land for future government development. Since the rest of the township would have been developed by the time the government decided to develop such reserved lands, there was an already built-in assurance of land value appreciation for the reserved lands. This had the effect of increasing the value of government assets without much further investment by the government.

The New England land system, while the primary influence on the great land ordinances of the 1780s, was not the only land system influence. The Southern land system, marked by individualism and personal initiative, also helped shape the ordinance. While the New England land system was premised on community-based development, the Southern land system was premised on individual frontiersman appropriating undeveloped land to call their own. The Southern pioneer claimed property and the local surveyor would demarcate it for him. The system did not protect people from competing claims or set up an orderly chain of title. The process was called 'indiscriminate location". This system encouraged individuals to amass large plantations instead of settling into dense communal development. This system was supported by the use of slave labor. Perhaps the committee's resistance against indiscriminate location and support for limited and disciplined land settlement was an implicit attempt to create a structural barrier to developing a plantation economy that was dependent on slave labor. The committee could have been attempting to effectively eradicate slavery in the West after Jefferson failed to outlaw it in the Land Ordinance of 1784.

While the Land Ordinance of 1785 created a New England style land system, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 determined how the townships would be administered. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, like the Land Ordinance of 1785, was inspired by the New England colonial settlements, and manifested this influence by further encouraging the worship of religion and the spread of education. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 stated, "Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." However, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 also contained Southern characteristics of municipal governance. The Southern influence can be felt in the Western townships in that once the federal land was dedicated to the particular township, the township was relatively free of the influence of the federal government, and the local municipality was left to govern itself. This manifested itself in public education as well. Once the land was dedicated, the actual development of the public schools was the responsibility of the local township or the particular state. Although the great Ordinances of the 1780s set the framework for a national system of schools by dedicating land across the West, the devolved development and administration by the state and local government led to unique results.

Motives
Retaining central land in each township ensured that these lands would create value for the federal government and the safety of the people. Instead of disbursing funds to the new states to create public education systems, dedicating a central lot in each township provided the new townships with the means to develop educational institutions without any transfer of funds. This was a practical and necessary way to achieve the committee's goal in a pre-Constitution America. Aside from raising funds for a financially struggling government, the westward expansion outlined in the Land Ordinances of the 1780s also provided a framework for spreading democratic ideals. Jefferson proposed an article in the Ordinance that would have outlawed slavery in the new states after the year 1800. However he could not amass enough votes to pass the anti-slavery article. Later Jefferson did succeed, however, in ensuring public funding of education by dedicating land to education in the Land Ordinance of 1785. Public education was an ideal already developed in the New England colonial settlements. New Englanders provided for public education in their land grants due to a belief that public education could be used to further unite the young nation and spread democratic ideals.

The systematic and highly organized westward settlements, with their local governments and central square dedicated towards public education, were a concerted effort to inspire civic duty and participation in the democratic process. Usher relates this initiative to "the Supreme Court in Cooper v. Roberts (1855), 'plant in the heart of every community the same sentiments of grateful reverence for the wisdom, forecast, and magnanimous statesmanship of those who framed the institutions of these new States." The westward expansion therefore was not only a tool for raising much needed funds, but also a tool in a grand socializing experiment to inoculate the settlers to democratic ideals. The hope was that the unique planning of each township with a public school centrally located, coupled with the obligation of each township's local citizens to take part in the civic process of governing the township, teaching and building the schools, and maintaining order, would instill the democratic ideals crucial to the nation's success.

See also
Northwest Ordinance
Public Land Survey System
Northwest Territory
Dominion Land Survey (Canada)

Notes

References and further reading

 Johnson, Hildegard Binder. Order upon the Land: The U.S. Rectangular Land Survey and the Upper Mississippi Country (1977)
 Geib, George W.. "The Land Ordinance of 1785: A Bicentennial Review," Indiana Magazine of History, March 1985, Vol. 81 Issue 1, pp 1–13

External links

Library of Congress – Ordinance Text
Indiana Historical Bureau – Ordinance Text
Ohio History Central – Land Ordinance of 1785
Bureau of Land Management – Principal Meridians and Base Lines Map
The Great American Grid – 1785 Land Ordinance Diagram
Photographs of the Principal Meridians

1785 in American law
History of the Midwestern United States
United States federal public land legislation
Surveying of the United States
Ordinances of the Continental Congress
Pre-statehood history of Ohio
Settlement schemes in the United States

Land Ordinance of 1785


دراما الخيال العلمي "Heroes" والتي هي من إنتاج هيئة الإذاعة الوطنية تصور واقع مجموعة من الأشخاص حول العالم يمتلكون قدرات غير
عادية تؤثر على حياتهم اليومية، وكيفية تمكنهم من إيقاف كارثة وشيكة الحدوث. "Genesis" أو «الأصل» هو العنوان الرئيسي للجزء الأول
من سلسلة دراما الخيال العلمي "Heroes". والذي أخرج من قبل David Semel وكتب من قبل Tim Kring.
عرضت السلسلة في أمريكا وكندا في 25 أيلول 2006  واحتل الموسم الأول المركز 21 من أصل 142 برنامج تلفزيوني أمريكي وذلك وفقاً ل Nielsen Ratings.

قائمة حلقات الموسم الأول

انظر أيضاً
هيروز

روابط خارجية

المصادر

حلقات تلفزيونية أمريكية 2006
هيروز

هيروز (الموسم الأول)


Gentamicina este un medicament antibiotic din clasa aminoglicozidelor, utilizat în tratamentul unor infecții bacteriene. Printre acestea se numără infecțiile osoase, endocarditele, boala inflamatorie pelviană, meningitele, pneumonia, infecțiile de tract urinar și septicemia. Nu are efect în gonoree sau infecțiile cu Chlamydia. Gentamicina este administrată intravenos sau intramuscular, dar există și formulări pentru uz topic (utilizate în arsuri sau în infecții din jurul ochiului). Parenteral, se utilizează în tratamentul acelor infecții care sunt provocate de bacterii Gram-negative aerobe.

Molecula a fost patentată în anul 1962 și aprobată pentru uz medical în anul 1964. Se află pe lista medicamentelor esențiale ale Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății.

Utilizări medicale

Efecte adverse
Gentamicina produce reacții adverse mai puțin severe (precum greață și vărsături) și reacții adverse severe. Este nefrotoxică (poate induce toxicitate la nivel renal) și ototoxică (poate induce toxicitate la nivelul urechii interne, inclusiv probleme de echilibru și probleme de auz). Efectele adverse cauzate pot fi ireversibile. Alte efecte adverse severe sunt: scăderea numărului de hematii, reacții alergice și neuropatii.

Note

Vezi și
 Aminoglicozide
 Streptomicină

Aminoglicozide
Medicamente esențiale listate de OMS

Gentamicină


Ostrov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Sobrance din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 296 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Ostrov este atestată documentar din 1336.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Ostrov, Sobrance


Le raïon de Kirichi (en ) est une subdivision administrative de l'oblast de Léningrad, dans le nord-ouest de la Russie. Son centre administratif est la ville de Kirichi.

Géographie
Le raïon couvre une superficie de .

Il est situé dans la partie sud de l'oblast et borde le raïon de Volkhov  au nord, le raïon de Tikhvine  au nord-est, le raïon de Lyubytino  de l'oblast de Novgorod au sud-est, le raïon de Malaïa Vichera  de l'oblast de Novgorod  au sud, le raïon de Chudov de l'oblast de Novgorod à le sud-ouest, le raïon de Tosno à l'ouest et le raïon de Kirovsk au nord-ouest.

Subdivisions

Population
Recensements (*) ou estimations de la population :

Liens externes

Notes et références

Raïon de Kirichi

Raïon de Kirichi


The University of Bamberg () in Bamberg, Germany, specializes in the humanities, cultural studies, social sciences, economics, and applied computer science.

Campus
The university is partly housed in historical buildings in Bamberg's Old Town. These include the former Jesuit college (Theology), the former Hochzeitshaus (History), the old slaughterhouse (Earth Science), and the former fire station (Oriental Studies). The departments of Languages and Literature are partly housed in buildings which once belonged to the Kaiser-Heinrich High School.
The Social Sciences and Economics department, which accommodates a large proportion of the students, are in Feldkirchenstrasse. The former ERBA cotton mill, on an island in the Regnitz, has been acquired to create student apartments in the red-brick building, as well as in an adjoining new 14,000m2 building.

Organization

The university today has four faculties:
Faculty of Humanities
Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Business Administration
Faculty of Human Sciences and Education
Faculty of Information Systems and Applied Computer Science

An agreement between Bavaria and the Vatican saw the faculty of Catholic Theology restructured as an institute which places a greater emphasis on teacher training. In 2005, the Social Work course transferred to Coburg University of Applied Sciences.

Academics

Disciplines
Language-based area studies, including Oriental Studies and Slavonic Studies
Medieval Studies; Archaeology (Prehistoric, Roman Provinces, Medieval); Cultural Heritage Conservation
Behavioural sciences: Sociology, Political Science, Psychology
Economics and Business Administration, with an emphasis on European Economics
Applied Computer Science

The main areas of curricular focus, to which subjects across faculties contribute, are:
Education and Life Planning
The Individual and Society
Languages and Cultures
Business and Markets

Rankings and reputation
In the 2012 Wirtschaftswoche ranking, the Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration is ranked 20th in business administration (Betriebswirtschaftslehre) and 11th in economics (Volkswirtschaftslehre).

Partner universities
The University of Bamberg currently has cooperation agreements with approximately 300 academic institutions in more than 60 countries (March 2018).

The European network includes the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford. The University holds partnerships in Australia with the University of Sydney, in the US with Harvard University, as well as in Asia with the Chinese Xi'an Jiaotong University, the Korea University, and the Japanese Sophia University.

Johann Baptist von Spix International Professorship

The University of Bamberg created the Johann Baptist von Spix professorship in 2015. The professorship is named for an alumnus of the university and eminent biologist and ethnographer. The professorship was created in an effort to increase the institution's international scholarly collaboration. Recipients of the professorship teach a class, conduct research, provide professional development opportunities to graduate students, and offer public presentations.

Notable faculty
 Thomas Weißer, ethics

Notable alumni
 Lisa Badum, member of the Bundestag
Nabila Espanioly, Arab-Israeli clinical psychologist and activist
 Alexander Filipović, German ethicist, focusing on media and the digital transformation
 Meinolf Finke, German writer and poet
 Nora-Eugenie Gomringer, German and Swiss poet and writer
 Brigitte Mohn, German businesswoman and entrepreneur
 Wolf-Dieter Montag, German physician, sports medicine specialist, mountain rescue doctor, and international sports administrator
 Franz Naegele, German obstetrician
 Ursula Reutner, German linguist
 Andreas Röschlaub, German physician
 Corine Schleif, professor and art historian
 You Xie, Chinese-German politician, journalist and author

See also
 List of early modern universities in Europe
 List of Jesuit sites
 List of universities in Germany

References

External links
 University of Bamberg
 International Office (Akademisches Auslandsamt)
 Student website with information on degree programs, extra-curricula activities, etc.
DAAD CHE University Ranking

Educational institutions established in the 1640s
University of Bamberg
1647 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Universities and colleges in Bavaria

University of Bamberg


Glasco est une ville américaine située dans le comté de Cloud, au Kansas. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Ville au Kansas
Localité dans le comté de Cloud

Glasco (Kansas)


බදුල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඌව පළාතේ පිහිටා ඇති දිස්ත්‍රික්කයකි. දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ සම්පූර්ණ භූමි වර්ගප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිමී 2,861 ක් වන අතර සම්පූර්ණ ජනගහණය ( 2006දි ) 837,000 ක් විය.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දිස්ත්‍රික්ක
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළාත්

බදුල්ල පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්කය


Haski; kutup bölgelerinde, özellikle kızak köpeği olarak çalışmak için kullanılan köpek'ler için genel bir terimdir. Kızaklı köpek yarışı'nda da sık kullanılır. Bu köpeklerin gri kurtla olan genetik yakınlığı bulunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda artık soyu tükenmiş Taimyr kurdu, Sibirya kurdu, Grönland köpeği ve daha az ölçüde Shar-Pei ve Fin Spitz irkları ile de ilişkilidirler.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Layka (köpek ırkı)
 Haçiko

Kızak köpekleri
Köpek grupları

Haski


Il existe plusieurs routes ayant comme numéro 384 dans le monde.

 Interstate 384 aux États-Unis
 Route régionale 384 en Finlande
 Route nationale 384 en France

Route 384


Imperiul Viselor (El imperio de los sueños, 1988) este o carte de poezie postmodernistă scrisă de Giannina Braschi, considerată una dintre cele mai revoluționare voci ale literaturii latinoamericane de azi".

În 1988, Imperiul Viselor a apărut prima dată în Spania, ovaționată sub titlul El imperio de los sueños; ulterior, traducerea în limba engleză a lui Tess O'Dwyer a fost publicată ca volum inaugural al Yale Library of World Literature in Translation (1994). Scrisă între anii 1980 și 1986, această serie de lucrări reprezintă prima etapă importantă din opera lui Braschi: poezie scrisă în întregime în spaniola clasică și postmodernă.

O combinație de poem în proză, dramă, teatru muzical, manifest, bârfă, autobiografie, jurnal, teorie literară, și antiroman, Imperiul Viselor este o trilogie de gen mixt despre cultura excesului. Tema principală a acestui poem epic este noua viață plină de optimism a imigranților latinoamericani în "Big Apple", porecla dată orașului New York, dramatizat de Braschi drept epicentrul Visului American. În lucrare abundă, totuși, referirile sociale și lingvistice la alte orașe și cartiere latine, precum Cartierul Latin din Paris, barrio chino barcelonés, zaguanes din Buenos Aires-ul lui Borges și casele coloniale din Old San Juan.

Mai târziu, autoarea dă publicității primul roman scris în întregime în spangleză, Yo-Yo Boing!, și o lucrare controversată de ficțiune politică în limba engleză, United States of Banana, care oferă o critică tăioasă a falsei promisiuni de meritocrație a ideii de Vis American.

Subiect, structură și teme
Imperiul Viselor tratează probleme precum creația artistică, de imigrare, mercantilismul, capitalismul, criza identitară, ambiguitatea sexuală și de gen, și revoluția. Naratorul călătorește printr-o "serie de încercări interne și externe fantasmagorice pentru a trăi experiența centrului – a centrului puterii politice, al sensului, al sentimentelor și al identității personale".

Structural, lucrarea a fost comparată cu cutia chinezească și păpușa Matryoshka, având în vedere că este formată din șase cărți.

Partea întâi, "Asaltul asupra timpului", reprezintă o succesiune de poeme în proză contemplative pe tema iubirii pierdute și a incapacității limbii și gramaticii de a comunica emoții. Este prima carte de poezie a lui Braschi și ea începe cu ruperea tăcerii: "Dincolo de cuvânt e tăcere/Dincolo de sunet este o ușă". Literele au o viață a lor, proprie, rătăcind pe străzile din New York, iar semnele de punctuație, precum două puncte sau punct și virgulă semnifică momentele cruciale ale unei relații.

Partea a doua, "Comedie profană", aduce un omagiu evoluției poeziei și spectacolului, în special comedia dell ' arte. "Comedie profană" este compusă din patru cărți de poezie, fiecare dintre ele plină de umor și cu un simț al grotescului: 1. "Book of Clowns and Buffoons" ("Cartea clovnilor și a bufonilor"), 2. "Poems of the World; or The Book of Wisdom" ("Poeme ale lumii; sau Cartea înțelepciunii"), 3. "Pastoral; or, The Inquisition of Memories" ("Pastorală; sau Inchiziția amintirilor"), și 4. "Song of Nothingness" ("Cântecul neființei").

Pe tot parcursul cărții, Braschi amestecă refrene publicitare de televiziune și cântece pop precum cele de la Beatles sau Madonna cu poeme ale Secolul de aur spaniol. Personajele principale îi includ pe  Luis de León, Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Luis de Góngora, Garcilaso de la Vega, și Francisco Quevedo, iar aparițiile episodice includ poeți, pictori, filosofi și compozitori precum  César Vallejo, Rimbaud, Goethe, Nietzsche, Shakespeare, Breughal, Beethoven, Van Gogh și Picasso, printre alții.

Textul abundă de citate din poeți clasici, transformate de mâna potrivită a unui poet vesel care folosește "tehnica muzicii rap" și hip-hop. Deși Braschi scrie ancorată într-o puternică tradiție literară și de pe o poziție erudită, "textele ei sunt impregnate de bună dispoziție și energie luminoasă". Textul se desfășoară într-o serie de scene teatrale violente și  suprarealiste la care participă clovni, bufoni, ciobani, soldați de plumb, magicieni, nebuni, vrăjitoare și prezicătoare. Aceste personaje migratoare în travesti atacă și pun stăpânire pe America convențională, inclusiv centre de afaceri și atracții turistice. .

Într-un episod climatic din " Pastoral; or, The Inquisition of Memories", ciobanii produc blocaje în trafic pe 5th Avenue în timpul Paradei de Ziua Puerto Rico, trag clopotele de la Catedrala Saint Patrick și pun stăpânire pe platoul de observație al Empire State Building unde dansează și cântă: "Acum facem ce ne place, ce ne place, ce avem noi chef".

Partea a treia, "Jurnalul intim al singurătății", este un antiroman vesel care parodiază boomul latinoamerican și romanele dictatorului. Lucrarea este o amestecătură de micronuvele, cântece pop, știri de senzație, reclame, pasaje din jurnale intime, manifeste politice și literare, artă interpretativă, totul sfârșind cu un tratat de filosofie despre rolul scriitorului în epoca modernă. Personajul principal, Mariquita Samper, specialistă în arta machiajului la Macy's, care visează să devină o stea, cere o revoluție a "ouălor poetice" și o împușcă pe scriitoarea romanelor boomului latinoamerican (de tipul O Sută de Ani de Singurătate) care continuă să-și rescrie propriul jurnal intim pentru a-l transforma într-un bestseller. Dezbaterea dintre calitate și originalitate vs faimă și avere reprezintă o temă constantă în Imperiul Viselor. Lucrarea se încheie cu un citat dintr-o poezie anonimă din literatura spaniolă medievală, un vers din "El Conde Arnaldos": "Îmi cânt cântecul / doar pentru cei ce mă urmează".

Influențe
Giannina Braschi consideră  "The Waste Land" a lui T.S. Eliot drept poezia de limbă engleză cu cel mai mare impact, care stă la baza schimbărilor de ritm și a inspirației din care ea construiește un cor de voci anonime pentru a surprinde conștiința colectivă a maselor. Alicia Ostriker, poet și savant feminist, scrie în introducerea la Imperiul Viselor că vocea poetului sună categoric "macho", dar poate fi teoretic "comparată cu Luisa Valenzuela,Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous și Marguerite Duras, și că Braschi îi datorează mult, evident, lui Gertrude Stein. Braschi a publicat lucrări științifice despre poezia în limba spaniolă a lui  Cervantes, Garcilaso, Gustavo Adolfo, Antonio Machado, Federico Garcia Lorca și César Vallejo, din ale căror lucrări citează pe tot parcursul lucrării sale, Imperiul Viselor. Într-un interviu acordat postului NBC Latino, Braschi declara că poetul ei preferat este César Vallejo: Vallejo este un hopa-mitică, reprezentare a revoltei spiritului meu. Oricât l-ai împinge înapoi în cutie, poetul se ridică din nou la suprafață pentru a-și exprima iubirea față de viață".

Giannina Braschi
Giannina Braschi, membră a National Endowment for the Arts, este considerată o voce marcantă și revoluționară a literaturii latinoamericane contemporane. Este autoarea trilogiei de poezie postmodernă El imperio de los sueños/Imperiul viselor (1988), a romanului în spangleză Yo-Yo Boing! și a romanului postcolonial United States of Banana/Statele Unite Bananiere (2011). Lucrările sale analizează politica imperială și de independență, surprinzând în același timp încercările și frământările imigranților latinoamericani din Statele Unite. A câștigat premii și burse de la National Endowment for the Arts, New York Foundation for the Arts, PEN American Center, Ford Foundation, InterAmericas, Danforth Scholarship, Reed Foundation, El Diario, Rutgers University și Puerto Rican Institute for Culture. După publicarea lucrării United States of Banana, revista CARAS a numit-o pe Braschi în 2012 unul dintre cei mai influenți portoricani.

Linkuri externe
Yo-Yo Boing!
 Statele Unite Bananiere
 Postmodern
 Pastorală
 Competițiile La Nuyorican De Circulație
 McOndo
 Spanglish
 Puerto Rico literatura
 Poezia Epică

Referințe

Lectură suplimentară
 Aldama, Frederick Luis; Ilan Stavans. Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi, U Pittsburgh 2020.
 Augenbraum, Harold; Stavans, Ilan (eds.). Lengua Fresca: Latinos Writing on the Edge, Mariner Press, 2006.
 Barnstone, Willis. Literature of Asia, Africa, and Latin America: From Antiquity to the Present, Prentice Hall, 1999.
 Barnstone, Willis, Literatures of Latin America, Prentice Hall, p. 460, 1991.
 Bidaseca, Karina. "Written in racialized bodies. Language, memory and (Post) colonial genealogies of femicide in Latin America." Journal of Latin American Communication Research 3.2 (2014): 135-161.
 Castillo, Debra. ReDreaming America: Toward a Bilingual Culture, State University of New York, 2005.
  Carrion, Maria Mercedes. "Geography, (M)Other Tongues and the Role of Translation in Giannina Braschi's El imperio de los sueños", Studies in 20th Century Literature, 20:1 (1996), 167-192
 Cruz-Malavé, Arnaldo. "Colonial figures in motion: globalization and translocality in contemporary Puerto Rican Literature in the United States." Centro 14 (2002): 4-25.
 Cruz-Malavé, Arnaldo Manuel. "Under the Skirt of Liberty: Giannina Braschi Rewrites Empire." American Quarterly 66.3 (2014): 801-818.
 Daniele, Daniela. Review of United States of Banana, The Evergreen Review, Issue #128, New York, November 2011.
 Echeverría, Miriam Balboa. "Mirada y marejada en" El imperio de los sueños" de Giannina Braschi." Confluencia (2002): 98-103.
 Garrigos, Cristina. Review of United States of Banana, The Evergreen Review, Issue #128, New York, November 2011.
 Gonzalez, Christopher Thomas. "Hospitable Imaginations: Contemporary Latino/a Literature and the Pursuit of a Readership", doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2012.
 Gray Díaz, N., "Performing Soledad: the Demythification of Identity in Giannina Braschi's El imperio de los sueños, Romance Notes, 37:3 (1997), 331-338.
 Goldstein, David and Thacker, Audrey (eds.), Complicating Constructions, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2007.
 Gonzalez, Madelena. "United States of Banana (2011), Elizabeth Costello (2003) and Fury (2001): Portrait of the Writer as the 'Bad Subject' of Globalisation", Études britanniques contemporaines, Volume 46, July 2014.
 Gonzalez, Madelena and Laplace-Claverie, Helene. Minority Theater on the Global Stage: Challenging Paradigms From the Margins, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012. "Puerto Rico's premier poet and novelist."
 Haydee Rivera, Carmen. "El poder de la palabra y la experiencia transnacional: una entrevista con Giannina Braschi," Op-Cit: Revista del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, Puerto Rico, 2013.
 Haydee Rivera, Carmen. "Embracing alternate discourses on migration: Giannina Braschi's and Luisita López Torregrosa's multi-dimensional literary schemes," Umbral, University of Puerto Rico, April 2014.
 Horno-Delgado, Asunción. "Imperiosa y Anti-imperial: Giannina Braschi," Hispanic Poetry Review: HPR 4.7-10 (2002): 37.
 Gonzales, Madelena and Laplace-Claverie, Helene, "Minority Theatre on the Global Stage: Challenging Paradigms from the Margins," Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle, England, 2012.
 Kuebler, Carolyn, "Empire of Dreams Review," Review of Contemporary Fiction, vol 15, no. 1, Spring 1995.
 Loustau, Laura. "Nomadismos lingüísticos y culturales en Yo-Yo Boing! de Giannina Braschi", Revista Iberoamericana, volume 71:211, 437-448, 2005
 Loustau, Laura. Cuerpos errantes: literatura Latina y latinoamericana en Estados Unidos, Viterbo Editora, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2002.
 Loustau, Laura Rosa. Cuerpos y textos en tránsito: un acercamiento a la literatura Latina y latinoamericana en Estados Unidos. University of California, Berkeley, 2000.
 Marting, Diane E. "New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's 'Poetic Egg': Fragile Identity, Postmodernism, and Globalization", The Global South, volume 4:1., 2010.
 Morris, Barbara. "Paradoxes of Postmodernism in Giannina Braschi's El imperio de los sueños." Conflictos Culturales en la Literatura Contemporánea. 17 ensayos y una discusión: 44-53.
 Ostriker, Alicia. "Introduction to Empire of Dreams," Yale University Press, New Haven, 1994.
 Popovich Ljudmila, Mila. "Metafictions, Migrations, Metalives: Narrative Innovations and Migrant Women's Aesthetics in Giannina Braschi and Etel Adnan," International Journal of the Humanities, 117–128, 2010.
 Sommer, Doris, Introduction to Yo-Yo Boing!, Latin American Review Press, Pittsburgh, 1998.
 Ramos, Francisco José. Postfacio. El imperio de los sueños, Anthropos Editorial del Hombre, (1988): 233-253.
 Remeseria, Claudio. "Summer reads: brilliant takes on Nuyoricans, random murder and narco-literatura ," NBC Latino, August 2013.
 Rivera Monclova, Marta S. "Discrimination, evasion, and livability in four New York Puerto Rican narratives". Doctoral dissertation, Tufts University, 2010.
 Rodriguez Matos, Jaime, "Unmothered Americas: Poetry and Universality". Commons Digitalis at Columbia University Dissertation, 2005.
 Waldron, John V. "Killing Colonialism's Ghosts in McOndo: Mayra Santos Febres and Giannina Braschi,Cuaderno Internacional de Estudios Humanísticos y Literatura, 2011.
 Zimmerman, Marc. Defending Their Own in the Cold: The Cultural Turns of U.S. Puerto Ricans, University of Illinois, Chicago, 2011.

Link-uri externe
 Sub Fusta de Libertate, http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/american_quarterly/v066/66.3.cruz-malave.pdf
 Imperiul Viselor Revizuire, Publishers Weekly, 1994.
 Evergreen Review, oferind recenzii de "Statele Unite ale Banana"  de Cristina Garrigos și Daniela Daniele și clipuri video de Giannina Braschi, noiembrie 2011.
 Biblioteca Congresului Arhive, Washington DC, 24 septembrie 2012. Festivalul național de Carte (Transcriere și Webcast: Giannina Braschi)
Cărți din 1988
Literatură postmodernă
Puerto Rico
Poeme americane
Literatură americană
Epica

Imperiul viselor


Muzejske vitrine služe za izlaganje muzejskih predmeta. Najčešće su izrađene od stakla ili stakloplastike te drva ili nekog kompozitnog materijala na bazi drva (iverica, šperploča). Danas se često izrađuju i od gips-ploča.

Opis
Najčešće su samostojeće vitrine, no česte su i one ugrađene u zid.

U biti razlikujemo 3 osnovna tipa samostojećih vitrina: jednostrane, podne i zidne.

U principu muzejske vitrine izrađuju specijalizirane tvrtke. Striktno gledano morale bi biti izrađene isključivo od materijala koji ni na koji način ne utječu na predmete koje u njima izlažemo.

Kod nas su nažalost muzejske vitrine najčešće izrađene od iverice, koja se smatra krajnje štetnom za većinu materijala od kojih su načinjeni muzejski predmeti.

Dodatna literatura
Barbara Karwatzki, Hartmut John (Red.): Der Ausstellungsraum im Ausstellungsraum. Moderne Vitrinentechnik für Museen (= Schriften des Rheinischen Museumsamtes; Nr. 59). Rheinland-Verlag, Pulheim / Habelt / Bonn 1994,

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 http://www.conservum.com/muzejske-vitrine/
https://www.crescat.hr/muzejske-vitrine-i-izlozbeni-stalci/muzejske-vitrine/

Konzervacija

Muzejske vitrine


Anatomy of a fight er en eksperimentalfilm instrueret af Thomas C. Christensen.

Handling
To mænd duellerer i storbyrummet. Et studie i urkrigeren i mennesket.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1992

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Anatomy of a fight


بولندا الصغرى  هي إحدى المناطق التاريخية البولندية؛ وعاصمتها في مدينة كراكوف. ويشكل الإقليم الجزء الجنوبي من البلاد، ويجب عدم الخلط بينه وبين فويفود بولندا الصغرى، الذي يشغل جزءًا جنوبيًا صغيرًا من إقليم بولندا الصغرى. وإقليم بولندا الصغرى التاريخي أكبر بكثير من المقاطعة الحالية التي تحمل اسمه؛ والتي تمتد من تشينستوخوفا في الغرب إلى الأراضي شمال شرق لوبلين في الشرق. وفي أواخر العصور الوسطى، أصبح إقليم بولندا الصغرى تدريجيًا مركز الدولة البولندية، وكانت كراكوف عاصمة البلاد منذ منتصف القرن الحادي عشر وحتى عام 1596. وحكم النبلاء بولندا عندما كانت الملكة يادفيغا (Jadwiga) صغيرة جدًا لحكم البلاد، وكان اتحاد كريفو مع دوقية ليتوانيا الكبرى من بنات أفكار طبقة زلاختا التابعة لبولندا الصغرى.

وفي القرن السابع عشر، تضاءلت أهمية بولندا الصغرى، عندما برزت وارسو وإقليم مازوفيا الذي يتمتع بموقع مركزي كمناطق رئيسية للبلاد. وتم تقسيم مقاطعة بولندا الصغرى على طول خط نهر فيستولا بين الإمبراطورية النمساوية والإمبراطورية الروسية أثناء تقسيم بولندا. وتقتصر حدود الإقليم الآن في الغالب على الجزء الجنوبي الصغير الذي كان يخضع طوال القرن التاسع عشر للإدارة النمساوية تحت اسم غاليسيا. ونتيجة لهذا التقسيم طويل الأمد، فقد الكثير من سكان الجزء الشمالي من هذا الإقليم البولندي التاريخي (القاطنين في مدن مثل لوبلين ورادوم وكيليس) هويتهم الخاصة بإقليم بولندا الصغرى. وحاليًا، ينقسم إقليم بولندا الصغرى بين العديد من المقاطعات، كما يتضح من خلال الخريطة المبينة على اليسار - كامل مقاطعة فويفود بولندا الصغرى وكامل مقاطعة فويفود سويتوكرزيسكي والنصف الغربي من مقاطعة فويفود لوبلين والجزء الغربي من مقاطعة فويفود صابكارباثيان والنصف الشرقي من مقاطعة فويفود سيليزيا والجزء الجنوبي من مقاطعة فويفود مازوفيان والزاوية الجنوبية الشرقية من مقاطعة فويفود لودز (حول أوبوتشنو).

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 Appeal of inhabitants of Western Lesser Poland against calling them Silesians
 Castles of Lesser Poland on lonelyplanet
 Visit Lesser Poland webpage
 Lesser Poland information at University at Buffalo
 Portal of citizen journalism for Malopolska region
 National Parks in Lesser Poland
 A Polish Radio CD with folk music of Northern Lesser Poland – areas of Radom, Opoczno, and Kielce
 Western Lesser Poland. Webpage of inhabitants of eastern counties of Silesian Voivodeship, who do not wish to be associated with Lesser Poland

تأسيسات سنة 1999 في بولندا
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1999
مناطق تاريخية

محافظة بولندا الصغرى


Cet article présente la liste des séries télévisées de Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation par année de 1980 à aujourd'hui.

Années 1980

1980
 A Hundred Year Old Guest

1981
 Jang Hee-bin

1982
 Lee Seung-hoon of the Nam River
 Millionaire Princess Kim Gap-soon
 Baeksan Ahn Hee-jae
 Lee Yong-ik

1983
 King of Trade Choi Bong-joon
 25 Hours of Ambition
 Tomorrow's Sun
 Deep Rooted Tree

1984
 The Ume Tree in the Midst of the Snow

1985
 The Wind Orchid
 The Imjin War

1986
 The Hoechun Gate
 Namhan Mountain Castle
 Under The Same Roof

1987
 Firebird
 Hooray
 Bucho
 Tomorrow After Tomorrow
 The Last Witness
 Sanha
 A Beautiful Secret Love Affair
 Forbidden Land
 A Retired Front
 Temptation
 A Life Story
 My Daughter

1988
 Teacher, Our Teacher
 People of Wonmi-dong
 We Don't Know That Either
 The Street Musician
 Human Market
 If Tomorrow Comes
 The Last Idol
 Supreme Prosecutors' Office
 Sandcastle
 Our Town
 A Bad Year For The City

1989
 Winter Mist
 Bird Migration
 For the Emperor
 A Restless Tree
 Butterfly, Let's Go Settle
 Wound
 The Fifth Row
 The Great Battle
 An Angel's Choice
 Armband
 Giant

Années 1990

1990
 The House with a Deep Yard
 What Women Want
 A Perfect Love
 Ddombanggakha
 Dark Sky, Dark Bird
 The Dancing Gayageum
 Fun World

1991
 Palace
 The Beginning of a Farewell
 Rosy Life
 Happy Language Dictionary
 My Heart is a Lake
 Dongui Bogam
 Eyes of Dawn

1992
 A Promise
 Haengchon Apartments
 Kingdom of Wrath
 Jealousy
 4 Days Love
 Two Women
 The Sun Shines Out the Window
 Wind in the Grass

1993
 Walking All the Way to Heaven
 Way of Love
 Mountain Wind
 I Am Not An Angel
 Iljimae
 Pilot
 Woman's Man

1994
 The Last Match
 Majso
 Bird, Bird, Blue Bird
 Adam's City
 Love in Your Bosom
 M
 Challenge
 Last Lover
 Giant's Hand
 Song of a Blind Bird
 Koreiski
 Partner

1995
 Hotel
 Do You Remember Love?
 TV City
 Spider
 Woman
 Basics of Love

1996
 Star
 Their Embrace
 1.5
 Sickle
 Icing
 Lover
 Splendid Holiday
 The Most Beautiful Goodbye in the World
 Seven Spoons

1997
 Golden Feather
 Medical Brothers
 Star in My Heart
 Fireworks

1998
 All I Know is Love
 See and See Again

1999
 Springtime
 The Boss
 Last War
 Kook Hee
 Hur Jun
 Did We Really Love?
 Goodbye My Love
 Into the Sunlight
 Days of Delight

Années 2000

2000
 Some Like It Hot
 Housewife's Rebellion
 Truth
 Bad Boys
 All About Eve
 Mr. Duke
 Secret
 Golden Era
 Mom and Sister
 Say It with Your Eyes
 Nonstop
 Because of You
 Foolish Princes

2001
 Hong Guk Young
 Sun Hee and Jin Hee
 Sangdo
 Delicious Proposal
 Hotelier
 Four Sisters
 Sweet Bear
 Man of Autumn
 Picnic
 How Should I Be?
 Law of Marriage
 Every Day with You

2002
 Man in Crisis
 Confession
 My Love Patzzi
 Inspector Park Mun-su
 Sunshine
 Gift
 Romance
 Ruler of Your Own World
 Remember
 Trio
 Love Rollercoaster
 Miss Mermaid

2003
 Love Letter
 The Bean Chaff of My Life
 Rooftop Room Cat
 Damo
 Dae Jang Geum
 Snowman
 Country Princess
 Scent of a Man
 Women Next Door
 Good Person
 Breathless
 Desert Spring
 Argon
 Good News
 Something About 1%
 Swan Lake
 Pretty Woman

2004
 Phoenix
 The Age of Heroes
 Match Made in Heaven
 Say You Love Me
 The Woman Who Wants to Marry
 First Love of a Royal Prince
 Ireland
 Tropical Nights in December
 People of the Water Flower Village
 Sweet Buns
 Lotus Flower Fairy

2005
 Wonderful Life
 Smile of Spring Day
 Next
 Lawyers
 The Secret Lovers
 Sweet Spy
 Sad Love Story
 Super Rookie
 My Lovely Sam Soon
 Our Attitude to Prepare Parting
 Autumn Shower
 Young Jae Golden Days
 Beating Heart
 Recipe of Love
 Let's Get Married
 Shin Don
 Sisters of the Sea
 Be Strong, Geum-soon!
 The Youth in Bare Feet
 Jikji

2006
 Wolf
 Special of My Life
 Which Star Are You From?
 Jumong
 Princess Hours
 Dr. Kkang
 One Fine Day
 Over the Rainbow
 What's Up Fox?
 90 Days, Time to Love
 Love Truly
 My Beloved Sister
 Fireworks
 Looking for Dorothy
 Couple or Trouble
 End of Love
 Love Me When You Can
 High Kick!
 Love Can't Wait
 So in Love

2007
 H.I.T
 Good Wife
 The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince
 Legend of Hyang Dan
 Yi San
 Prince Hours
 Thank You
 Merry Mary
 Ground Zero
 Time Between Dog and Wolf
 The Legend
 New Heart
 Moon-hee
 Kimcheed Radish Cubes
 Behind the White Tower
 Que Sera, Sera
 Air City
 Two Outs in the Ninth Inning
 By My Side
 Even So Love
 Kimchi Cheese Smile
 Bad Woman, Good Woman
 Opposites Attract

2008
 Night is Night
 East of Eden
 Who Are You?
 Our Happy Ending
 Spotlight
 The Lawyers of the Korea
 Beethoven Virus
 General Hospital 2
 Woman of Matchless Beauty, Park Jung-geum
 My Life's Golden Age
 The Last Scandal of My Life
 La Dolce Vita
 Don't Go Away
 White Lies
 Elephant
 The Secret of Coocoo Island
 Here He Comes
 Chunja's Happy Events
 I Love You, Don't Cry

2009
 Queen of Housewives
 Queen Seondeok
 The Return of Iljimae
 Cinderella Man
 Triple
 Soul
 Heading to the Ground
 Hero
 Good Job, Good Job
 Tamra, the Island
 Creating Destiny
 Friend, Our Legend
 Assorted Gems
 I Can't Stop
 Hilarious Housewives
 High Kick Through the Roof
 What's for Dinner?
 Enjoy Life

Années 2010

2010
 Pasta
 Dong Yi
 Queen of Reversals
 The Woman Who Still Wants to Marry
 Personal Taste
 I Live Without Incident
 Running
 Road No. 1
 Playful Kiss
 Home Sweet Home
 Dandelion Family
 Gloria
 A Man Called God
 Kim Su-ro, The Iron King
 Flames of Desire
 Pink Lipstick
 The Scarlet Letter
 Cutie Pie
 All My Love
 Golden Fish
 Stormy Lovers

2011
 The Duo
 Miss Ripley
 Gyebaek
 Lights and Shadows
 My Princess
 Royal Family
 The Greatest Love
 Heartstrings
 Can't Lose
 Me Too, Flower!
 Twinkle Twinkle
 A Thousand Kisses
 Can You Hear My Heart
 Hooray for Love
 You're So Pretty
 Dangerous Women
 High Kick: Revenge of the Short Legged
 I Trusted Him
 The Invincible Daughters-in-Law
 The Best Day in My Life

2012
 Golden Time
 The King's Doctor
 Moon Embracing the Sun
 The King 2 Hearts
 I Do, I Do
 Arang and the Magistrate
 Missing You
 God of War
 Sons
 Feast of the Gods
 Dr. Jin
 May Queen
 An Angel's Choice
 It Was Love
 Standby
 Mom is Acting Up
 Can't Live Without You
 Here Comes Mr. Oh

2013
 Gu Family Book
 Goddess of Fire
 Empress Ki
 7th Grade Civil Servant
 When a Man Falls in Love
 The Queen's Classroom
 Two Weeks
 Medical Top Team
 Miss Korea
 Pots of Gold
 Give Love Away
 A Hundred Year Legacy
 Scandal: A Shocking and Wrongful Incident
 Golden Rainbow
 Good For You
 Hold My Hand
 Princess Aurora
 Shining Romance
 Hur Jun, the Original Story
 The King's Daughter, Soo Baek-hyang

2014
 Triangle
 The Night Watchman's Journal
 Pride and Prejudice
 Cunning Single Lady
 A New Leaf
 Fated to Love You
 My Spring Days
 Mr. Back
 Jang Bo-ri is Here!
 Rosy Lovers
 Hotel King
 Mama
 Legendary Witches
 Everybody, Kimchi!
 Stormy Woman
 Make a Wish
 The Invincible Lady Cha
 Mother's Garden
 Apgujeong Midnight Sun

2015
 Shine or Go Crazy
 Splendid Politics
 Glamorous Temptation
 Kill Me, Heal Me
 Angry Mom
 Warm and Cozy
 Scholar Who Walks The Night
 She Was Pretty
 Sweet, Savage Family
 Make a Woman Cry
 My Mom
 Queen's Flower
 My Daughter, Geum Sa-wol
 Love of Eve
 Victory For Tomorrow
 The Great Wives
 Dearest Lady
 A Daughter Just Like You
 Beautiful You
 Splash Splash Love

2016
 Monster
 Woman with a Suitcase
 Night Light
 One More Happy Ending
 Goodbye Mr. Black
 Lucky Romance
 W
 Shopping King Louie
 Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok-joo
 Happy Home
 Blow Breeze
 Marriage Contract
 The Flower in Prison
 Father, I'll Take Care of You
 Good Person
 Always Spring
 Begin Again
 Happiness Giver
 Working Mom Parenting Daddy
 Golden Pouch

2017
 The Rebel
 The Guardians
 The King in Love
 20th Century Boy and Girl
 Two Cops
 Missing 9
 Radiant Office
 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask
 Man Who Dies to Live
 Hospital Ship
 I'm Not a Robot
 You Are Too Much
 Man in the Kitchen
 Bad, Thief, Good Thief
 Money Flower
 Teacher Oh Soon-nam
 Reverse
 The Return of Fortunate Bok
 Enemies from the Past
 Sisters-in-Law

2018
 The Great Seducer
 You Drive Me Crazy
 Partners for Justice
 Risky Romance
 Bad Papa
 Less Than Evil
 Hold Me Tight
 Come and Hug Me
 The Time
 My Secret Terrius
 Children of Nobody
 The Rich Son
 My Healing Love
 My Contracted Husband, Mr. Oh
 Goodbye to Goodbye
 Hide and Seek
 A Pledge to God
 Secrets and Lies

2019
 Item
 Special Labor Inspector Jo
 Partners for Justice 2
 Welcome 2 Life
 Spring Turns to Spring
 The Banker
 One Spring Night
 Rookie Historian Goo Hae-ryung
 Extraordinary You
 Love with Flaws
 Love in Sadness
 Different Dreams
 The Golden Garden
 Never Twice
 Everybody Say Kungdari
 Bad Love
 Blessing of the Sea

Années 2020

2020
 365: Repeat the Year
 Dinner Mate
 Lonely Enough To Love
 Kairos
 The Game: Towards Zero
 Find Me in Your Memory
 Kkondae Intern
 She Knows Everything
 Chip In
 When I Was Most Beautiful
 The Spies Who Loved Me
 My Wonderful Life

2021
 Love Scene Number
 Oh! Master
 Here's My Plan
 On the Verge of Insanity
 The Veil
 The Red Sleeve
 A Good Supper
 The Second Husband

2022
 Tomorrow

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation

Liens externes
  Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation

Télévision en Corée du Sud

Liste des séries télévisées de Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation