U.S. Highway 171 (US 171) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System and the only route within that system currently located entirely within the state of Louisiana.  It spans  in a north–south direction from the junction of US 90 and Louisiana Highway 14 (LA 14) in Lake Charles to the junction of US 79/US 80 and LA 3094 in Shreveport.

As its designation indicates, US 171 is numbered as a spur of US 71, the principal north–south U.S. Highway through Shreveport, though they technically do not intersect.  US 171 traverses six of the seven parishes along the Texas state line, the only exception being Cameron Parish located on the Gulf of Mexico south of Lake Charles.  The route connects all six parish seats as it travels through the thick pine forests of western Louisiana on a wide four-lane right-of-way.  The northern half of the route serves as the only major north–south corridor between Interstate 49 (I-49) to the east and the Toledo Bend Reservoir along the state line to the west.  Between the metropolitan areas at each terminus, US 171 passes through the smaller cities of DeRidder, Leesville, and Mansfield, as well as the towns of Rosepine, Many, Zwolle, and Stonewall.  Along the way, the highway has interchanges with many of the state's major east–west routes, including Interstate 10 (I-10), US 190, LA 28, US 84, and I-20.

US 171 was created as one of the original routes of the numbered U.S. Highway system in November 1926.  Its only major alignment change occurred in 1937, when the highway was shifted from what is now LA 175 between Many and Mansfield.  Improvements over the years have included the paving of the entire route during the early 1930s, the elimination of many at-grade railroad crossings during the remainder of the decade, and the widening of the highway to four lanes through its urban areas during the 1960s and 1970s.  Four-laning of the entire route was accomplished between 1990 and 2010 via the state's massive TIMED program with the goal of improving safety and promoting economic development along the corridor.

The route carries several honorary designations, primarily that of the Purple Heart Highway in tribute to all recipients of the Purple Heart military decoration.  The route has long been associated with the U.S. Armed Forces due to its proximity to at least four military bases active during the World Wars, the lone survivor of which is Fort Polk near Leesville.

Route description

Lake Charles to Leesville
From the south, US 171 begins at a junction with US 90 (Fruge Street) and LA 14 (South Martin Luther King Highway), in Lake Charles, the largest city in Calcasieu Parish and southwestern Louisiana.  Traveling about  east of the downtown area, US 171 continues the route of LA 14 northward along North Martin Luther King Highway, initially as a divided four-lane highway.  After immediately crossing over the BNSF and Union Pacific (UP) railroad lines, N. Martin Luther King passes through a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-10 at exit 33, connecting with Beaumont, Texas to the west and Lafayette to the east.  The highway gains a center turning lane and an additional northbound travel lane throughout the commercial corridor north of the interstate.  Upon exiting Lake Charles, US 171 traverses a strip of wetlands with twin-span bridges over two navigable waterways, English Bayou and the Calcasieu River.  After crossing the latter, the roadway remains elevated until reaching the unincorporated suburb of Moss Bluff.  A junction here with LA 378 (Sam Houston Jones Parkway) leads west to Sam Houston Jones State Park and the nearby city of Westlake.  US 171 maintains a combination of single and double center lanes through Moss Bluff, dropping the N. Martin Luther King Hwy signage as it passes just north of central Moses Bluff.  As the surroundings become less developed, the right-of-way widens to accommodate a broad, grassy median.

North of Moss Bluff, a rural area known as Gillis introduces a mixture of open farmland, thick forest, and scattered residential development that characterizes the next  to the city of DeRidder.  During this stretch, US 171 enters Beauregard Parish and engages in a folded diamond interchange with US 190 and LA 12 that allows a grade separation with the Union Pacific Railroad line.  Located in Ragley, the landscaped eastern side of the interchange doubles as a recreational area known as Purple Heart Memorial Park, echoing the official designation of US 171 as the Purple Heart Highway.  US 171 proceeds due north from Ragley co-signed with US 190 through the community of Longville, located at the eastern terminus of LA 110, and enters the outskirts of DeRidder.  Approaching the city limits, US 171 and US 190 pass the western termini of three rural state highways.  The first, LA 394 leads to a recreational area on Bundick Lake.  The others, LA 26 and LA 112, connect to Oberlin and Oakdale in neighboring Allen Parish.

Curving west into the parish seat, US 171 serves as DeRidder's main east–west commercial thoroughfare.  Initially traveling along 1st Street with a center turning lane, the route divides into a one-way pair as westbound traffic transitions onto Mahlon Street.  The highway then crosses the Kansas City Southern Railway (KCS) line into the downtown area, where it passes several historic buildings over the next few blocks.  These include the Beauregard Parish Courthouse and an infamous Gothic structure known as the Hanging jail.  US 171 ends its concurrency with US 190 by turning north onto Pine Street, an undivided four-lane thoroughfare.  From this intersection, LA 27 heads south on Pine Street toward DeQuincy while US 190 continues west on the one-way pair of 1st and Shirley Streets toward Merryville.  US 171 remains a commercial corridor until it crosses the Vernon Parish line, reverting to its rural configuration as it closely parallels the KCS rail line.  DeRidder is separated by the small town of Rosepine by a short distance, during which an intersection with LA 3226 allows southbound traffic to bypass the city en route to US 190 west.  At a point known as Pickering, located  north of Rosepine, US 171 intersects LA 10, the first of several connections to the United States Army installation at Fort Polk.  Passing to the west of the base, the highway continues through New Llano and into the larger adjacent city of Leesville.

Leesville to Mansfield
In Leesville, US 171 becomes a busy commercial corridor again, initially traveling along 5th Street's narrow four-lane right-of-way.  Another one-way pair is then utilized as the parallel 6th Street begins to carry southbound traffic.  In the center of town, three state highway junctions are encountered in the space of a few blocks: LA 467 (University Parkway) to Northwestern State University's Fort Polk campus; LA 468 (Lula Street) to the historic business district; and westbound LA 8 (Nolan Trace Parkway) toward Jasper, Texas.  US 171 proceeds north concurrent with LA 8 and descends below grade to cross under the KCS railroad line.  Curving to the northwest, the highway's travel lanes converge as it approaches a roundabout.  Here, at the northern end of town, LA 8 departs to the east and travels concurrently with LA 28 toward Alexandria, the principal city of central Louisiana.  During its remaining  in Vernon Parish, US 171 crosses the northeastern tip of Vernon Lake and passes through the rural towns of Anacoco and Hornbeck.  Junctions there with LA 111 and LA 392, respectively, lead to points along the vast Toledo Bend Reservoir located on the Texas state line.

US 171 enters Sabine Parish winding gently through the rural hilly woodlands while passing the entrance to Hodges Gardens State Park, the largest horticultural park in the United States.  The route proceeds through the village of Florien, where a Boise Cascade lumber plant is located, and into Fisher, its smaller neighbor.  US 171 then curves northwest and enters the town of Many, the parish seat.  Cutting a serpentine path through the street grid outside the downtown area, the highway crosses LA 6 (San Antonio Avenue), which follows a section of the historic Old San Antonio Road (or El Camino Real) between San Antonio, Texas and Natchitoches, Louisiana.  Regaining its wide rural right-of-way, US 171 intersects the southern terminus of LA 175, leading to Belmont and Pleasant Hill.  US 171 makes a bee-line to the northwest over the  between Many and Zwolle.  Served by the highway's only business route, Zwolle is bypassed by mainline US 171, which travels around its east and north sides, intersecting LA 120 in the process.  Signage also directs motorists onto US 171 Bus. to access North Toledo Bend State Park.  US 171 comes closest to reaching the Toledo Bend Reservoir at Zwolle and the neighboring village of Noble.

After crossing over the KCS Railway at Noble, US 171 curves back to the north and intersects LA 174 in the village of Converse.  Closely following the rail line once again, US 171 crosses into DeSoto Parish just south of Benson, a point located at an intersection with LA 512.   later, the highway makes an S-curve across the KCS line on a high twin-span overpass before proceeding due north into South Mansfield, a small village connected to the city of Mansfield, the parish seat.  In Mansfield proper, US 171 follows Jenkins Street and intersects US 84 at Washington Avenue, connecting with Logansport to the west.  US 84 overlaps US 171 for a short distance until reaching Polk Street, while the bypassed original mainline route follows the continuation of Washington Avenue signed as US 84 Bus.  At Polk Street, signage points motorists onto eastbound US 84 toward the Mansfield State Historic Site, a Civil War battlefield, as well as the former Mansfield Female College, the first institution of higher learning for women west of the Mississippi River.  US 84 also leads eastward to an interchange with I-49.

Shreveport metropolitan area
As it enters the Shreveport metropolitan area, US 171 begins to approach and eventually parallel the route of I-49, the state's major north–south highway.  After curving northwest out of Mansfield, US 171 passes the DeSoto Parish Airport and heads through Grand Cane, located at a junction with LA 3015.   later, the highway bends due north again and then crosses LA 5 at a junction in Gloster known as Kickapoo.  Just before crossing into Caddo Parish, US 171 passes through the town of Stonewall and intersects LA 3276, a connector to I-49.  Across the parish line, US 171 crosses underneath the Union Pacific Railroad tracks in the unincorporated community of Keithville.  Residential development gradually increases as the highway parallels the UPRR line toward the Shreveport city limits.

US 171 enters Shreveport on Mansfield Road and retains its wide median as it becomes a heavily traveled commercial corridor once again.  The highway has junctions with LA 525 (Colquitt Road), as well as LA 526, a major thoroughfare along the south side of town called the Bert Kouns Industrial Loop Expressway.  Larger shopping developments line the roadway as US 171 approaches an interchange with LA 3132 (Terry Bradshaw Passway), a freeway loop commonly known as the Inner Loop Expressway.  LA 3132 complements the I-220 northern bypass of Shreveport and connects to major interchanges with I-20 to the northwest and I-49 to the east.  Some movements between US 171 and LA 3132 are accomplished through a connected interchange with Jewella Avenue, a divided thoroughfare that branches off of Mansfield Road.

Proceeding northward, US 171 crosses over the UPRR line for the final time and intersects LA 511 (West 70th Street).  The highway immediately branches off of Mansfield Road itself, transferring onto Hearne Avenue.  Its median now replaced by a center turning lane, US 171 travels through a primarily residential neighborhood until passing through a diamond interchange with I-20 at exit 16A.  This interchange is located at the edge of the State Fair Grounds, an area which also houses the Louisiana State Exhibit Museum and three sports facilities—Independence Stadium, the Hirsch Memorial Coliseum, and a baseball stadium.  US 171 reaches its northern terminus a short distance beyond I-20 at a junction with the concurrent US 79/US 80 (Greenwood Road).  Hearne Avenue continues straight ahead as LA 3094 toward a junction with northbound US 71/LA 1 just outside Downtown Shreveport.

Route classification and data
US 171 carries at least four lanes of traffic for its entire length.  It alternates between a rural and urban principal arterial over the course of its route, as determined by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (La DOTD).  Daily traffic volume in 2013 peaked at 37,700 vehicles in Shreveport and 29,800 in Lake Charles.  The lowest figure reported was 2,200 vehicles north of Hornbeck in southern Sabine Parish.  The posted speed limit ranges from  throughout most divided rural stretches to as low as  within some corporate limits.

Since 2003, virtually the entire route of US 171 has been officially designated as the Purple Heart Highway in recognition of all Purple Heart recipients.  The only exceptions are the portion from its southern starting point in Lake Charles to central Moses Bluff, named in 1982 for Martin Luther King Jr., and another in Rosepine named for its former mayor Johnnie B. Hall in 1997.  Decades earlier, two markers were installed on US 171 identifying it as a Blue Star Memorial Highway as "a tribute to the Armed Forces that have defended the United States of America."  The first was dedicated on March 17, 1957 at the roadside park in Ragley.  The second was dedicated on November 11, 1964 at the intersection with Washington Street in DeRidder.

Additionally, a  stretch of US 171, extending from LA 26 south of DeRidder to LA 10 south of Leesville, serves as part of the Myths and Legends Byway in the state-designated system of tourist routes known as the Louisiana Scenic Byways.

History

Original route and early improvements
US 171 was designated in November 1926 as one of the original routes of the numbered U.S. Highway system.  The majority of the route, extending from Lake Charles to Many, has remained largely unchanged to the present day.  North of Many, however, US 171 was initially routed along the current LA 175 to Mansfield, where it rejoined the modern alignment into Shreveport.  The entire route was also initially co-signed with Louisiana's corresponding state highway designations as created in 1921.  These consisted of State Route 42 from Lake Charles to Many, State Route 51 from Many to Belmont, and State Route 1 from Belmont to Shreveport.  This practice was discontinued when the state highway system was renumbered in 1955.

Upon its designation in 1926, US 171 was generally a gravel road outside the city of Shreveport.  By the summer of 1932, however, the entire highway was paved with two lanes of concrete aside from the Many–Mansfield section.  Instead, the modern alignment via Zwolle, which was also the northern portion of Route 42 prior to 1955, was being straightened and paved to serve as US 171.  The revised route also received two grade separations with the Kansas City Southern Railway line that were constructed in 1934.  These consisted of an overpass at Noble and an underpass at Trenton, about  south of Mansfield.  Completed at the end of 1937, this would be the only major alignment change in the highway's history and the only instance in which the paved alignment significantly differed from the established gravel road.  Minor deviations, mostly near the highway's southern end, included a diagonal cutoff that bypassed a section line road zigzag running northwest from Gillis and the straightening of the route through Longville.

During the mid- to late 1930s, six additional grade separations were constructed elsewhere along US 171, eliminating nearly every railroad crossing along the route.  The first was an overpass of the now abandoned Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway just east of DeRidder in 1934.  The others were constructed beginning in 1935 as part of a federally funded grade separation program.  That year, $3.2 million was allocated for this purpose by a Works Progress Administration program and was earmarked by the Louisiana Highway Commission for 28 separate projects.  Those projects along US 171 consisted of overpasses of the Southern Pacific Lines at Lake Charles, the Gulf Coast Lines at Ragley, and the Texas and Pacific Railway at both Grand Cane and Shreveport, as well as an underpass of the Kansas City Southern at Leesville.  The overpasses were all completed in 1937, with the Leesville underpass following in 1939.  All have since been replaced or supplemented with newer four-lane crossings, except the DeRidder and Grand Cane structures, which have been eliminated due to abandonment of the railroad lines.

Urban improvements and initial widening projects
The next burst of activity in improving US 171 occurred in Caddo Parish, where the entirety of Mansfield Road from the DeSoto Parish line to LA 511 in Shreveport was reconstructed and straightened beginning in 1951.  Several sections of the original roadway still exist as local roads, now re-named as Old Mansfield Road, that weave in and out of the current alignment.  Additionally, the portion from Southland Park Drive to Jewella Avenue now serves as a frontage road to the modern route.  The project was completed in 1954 at a cost of $1,921,000.  The new alignment also included an underpass of the Texas and New Orleans Railroad line at Keithville, replacing the grade crossing there.  In 1959, the final alignment change in Shreveport had US 171 transition from Mansfield Road onto Hearne Avenue to reach its northern terminus, giving the highway its first section of four-lane pavement.  Around 1965, two additional lanes were built on Mansfield Road extending south to LA 526.  This was roughly concurrent with the opening of the I-20 interchange on Hearne Avenue, connecting US 171 with the new expressway through Downtown Shreveport and improving access to the US 80 corridor east of the city.  The highway was then widened southward through the Keithville area in 1967, making US 171 four lanes throughout both the city of Shreveport and Caddo Parish.

The opposite end of US 171 received its first section of four-lane pavement in the early 1960s when the roadway was widened in Lake Charles between the southern terminus at US 90 (Broad Street) and Fruge Street.  However, these few blocks of US 171 soon became part of LA 14.  The opening of I-10 through Downtown Lake Charles in April 1963 resulted in the re-routing of US 90 onto Fruge Street, and the southern terminus of US 171 was shifted accordingly.  The I-10 interchange on US 171 was partially opened to traffic at this time.  Its full opening would occur in February 1964 when the interstate was completed eastward to US 165 at Iowa.  In the mid-1960s, four-lane sections of US 171 were also opened to facilitate traffic through two smaller cities.  In Mansfield, Washington Avenue was widened and extended southwest, improving the routes of both US 84 and US 171 through town and eliminating two right-angle turns.  In DeRidder, a one-way pair was used after Mahlon Street was improved and extended eastward, taking northbound US 171 (and westbound US 190) traffic off of parallel 1st Street.

Two further improvements during the 1960s involved new bridges along the route.  The first was a replacement of the Anacoco Creek bridge in 1967 with a higher span.  This was necessitated by an impoundment of the creek four years earlier that created the recreational Vernon Lake.  A more substantial project completed in 1969 overhauled the two most significant water crossings on US 171, the English Bayou and Calcasieu River bridges between Lake Charles and Moss Bluff.  The original narrow two-lane spans dating from the 1920s were replaced with four-lane spans on a new four-lane alignment further west.  (Though the bridges were demolished in 1973, the land portions of the route still exist as Old US 171, partially as local roads leading to public boat launches and partially on private property.)  In 1972, the remaining gap in the four-lane alignment in Lake Charles between Fruge Street and the new bridge approach was widened.  Central to this project was the twinning of the railroad overpass south of I-10.

Completing the four-lane highway
Since the 1970s, construction projects on US 171 have mainly focused on completing the highway to four-lane capacity throughout its entire length.  This was cited by commercial and political interests as crucial for the economic development of the corridor and a necessary step in preventing the loss of economic opportunities to the US 59 corridor in East Texas.  Leesville was the last urban area through which the highway was widened, despite the Army personnel at Fort Polk having pushed the Louisiana Department of Highways for this improvement over several decades.  Four-lane segments through the Leesville area were completed approximately as follows: through New Llano and north toward LA 467 in 1975, south from New Llano toward Pickering in 1978, further south to DeRidder in 1981, and finally northward through the city of Leesville in 1982.  This last segment involved the creation of a one-way pair using an improved 6th Street to carry southbound traffic and the construction of a parallel railroad underpass.  US 171 was further widened northward from Leesville to Anacoco in 1986.  Meanwhile in Shreveport, the highway was widened southward from the Caddo–DeSoto parish line through Stonewall in 1981, joining with the four lanes extending from there to LA 5 in Gloster constructed in the late 1970s.  The final highway interchange on US 171 was opened between 1981 and 1983 when the Inner Loop Expressway (LA 3132) was completed through the area.

The above projects left two long segments of two-lane pavement remaining on US 171, extending from Moss Bluff to DeRidder and from Anacoco to Gloster.  The widening of these mostly rural stretches was eventually accomplished as a major component of the Transportation Infrastructure Model for Economic Development program.  Approved by the Louisiana Legislature in 1989 and declared as the "single largest transportation program in state history," the TIMED program was initially funded from a 4¢ per gallon gasoline tax which allowed an estimated completion date around 2031.  After falling far behind schedule by the late 1990s, the legislature approved the first of several bond measures to fast-track the program.  The widening of US 171 was divided into 23 projects totaling approximately  and carried out between 1990 and 2010.  As before, the four-lane alignment mostly followed the established two-lane with minor deviations to straighten various curves in the roadbed.  This is most evident between Mansfield and Grand Cane, where the entire route was reconstructed and straightened.

However, more significant changes were carried out in a few locations.  A new route through Many bypassed the downtown area, discontinuing the concurrency with LA 6.  The neighboring town of Zwolle was bypassed altogether with a new alignment constructed around its northeast side.  In this case, the old route through town was retained as US 171 Bus., which was designated in 2008.  The route through Mansfield was also streamlined via the widening and extension of Jenkins Street, which benefitted the concurrent US 84 as well.  Here, the original four-lane section of Washington Avenue was retained as US 84 Bus.  These improvements eliminated all but one right-angle turn along the entirety of US 171, located in the center of DeRidder.  Finally, the two-lane railroad underpass at Trenton was replaced by a twin-span overpass located about  to the south.  The old crossing remains in service as a local road called Old US 171 or Trenton Road.  After a total expenditure of $650 million, US 171 was completed as a four-lane highway when a  section between Florien and Many was opened to traffic in July 2010.

The latest improvement to US 171 involved the installation of a roundabout at the northern end of Leesville.  It was the first roundabout to be constructed in the seven parishes forming the state highway department's District No. 8.  Located at the junction with eastbound LA 8/LA 28, the junction was previously a signalized T-intersection that was the site of numerous accidents and frequent traffic pileups.  Construction began in October 2010, and the project was completed with a ribbon-cutting by Governor Bobby Jindal on August 5, 2011 after an expenditure of $2.1 million.

Major intersections

Business route

U.S. Highway 171 Business (US 171 Bus.) runs  in a general north–south direction through Zwolle, a town in Sabine Parish. It follows the original two-lane route of US 171 before the completion of a four-lane bypass in 2008.

From the southeast, US 171 Bus. begins at a junction with mainline US 171 just east of the Zwolle corporate limits. The route heads west into town on North Main Street alongside the Kansas City Southern Railway (KCS) line. In the center of town, signage directs motorists south on Obrie Street (LA 475) toward North Toledo Bend State Park. US 171 Bus. turns north onto the same thoroughfare and proceeds out of the downtown area. At an intersection with Willow Street and Old Pleasant Hill Road, the route begins an S-curve that terminates at a second junction with mainline US 171 at the north end of town.

US 171 Bus. is classified as a rural principal arterial by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (La DOTD).  The average daily traffic volume in 2013 ranged from 4,200 to 6,000 vehicles. The posted speed limit ranges from  through the center of town to  near the junctions with mainline US 171 at either end of the route.

Major intersections

See also

Notes

References

External links

Maps / GIS Data Homepage, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development

71-1
71-1
1
Transportation in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana
Transportation in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Transportation in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
Transportation in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana
Transportation in Sabine Parish, Louisiana
Transportation in Vernon Parish, Louisiana

U.S. Route 171


A Maxar Technologies Inc. é uma empresa de tecnologia espacial com sede em Westminster, Colorado, Estados Unidos, especializada na fabricação de satélites de comunicação, observação da Terra, radar e de manutenção em órbita, produtos de satélite e serviços relacionados. A DigitalGlobe e a MDA Holdings Company se fundiram para se tornar a Maxar Technologies em 5 de outubro de 2017. A Maxar Technologies é a controladora da SSL, com sede em Palo Alto, Califórnia, Estados Unidos; a DigitalGlobe, com sede em Westminster, Colorado, Estados Unidos; e Radiant Solutions, com sede em Herndon, Virgínia, Estados Unidos. A Maxar Technologies está listada na Bolsa de Valores de Toronto e na Bolsa de Valores de Nova Iorque como MAXR.

Em maio de 2019, a empresa foi selecionada como fornecedora do elemento de energia e propulsão para o Lunar Gateway desenvolvido pela NASA.

Em 16 de dezembro de 2022, a Maxar anunciou que seria adquirida pela empresa de capital privado Advent International, em uma transação totalmente em dinheiro no valor de 6,4 bilhões de dólares.

Ligações externas

Empresas aeroespaciais do Canadá
Empresas aeroespaciais dos Estados Unidos

Maxar Technologies


Komedija od Raskota, farsa, hrvatski književni uradak. Hvarsko-jelšanska je selačka komedija iz posljednjih desetljeća 16. stoljeća. Atribuira ju se Hvaranin Martinu Benetoviću. Predstavlja nastavak Držićeva rada; premda Marin Držić nije imao izravnih sljedbenika u hrvatskome kazalištu i književnosti, u neprekidnom dodiru s europskom književnošću nastale su u duhu njegovih komedija i farsâ, Komedija od Raskota i Hvarkinja. Djelo je trgovca i pučanina, dobra poznavatelja rustikalnih komedija od Ruzzantea i koji je imao prigodu pratiti predstave komičara dell'arte u Mletcima. Ipak, u kazalištima ju se naslovljuje kao djelo nepoznata pisca.

U hrvatskim kazalištima izvedena je u Gavelli (premijerno 1. studenoga 1961.) i inima.

Sačuvala se je samo u prijepisu u kojem je vjerojatno zadnji put bila prepisana. Datirao ga je na nadnevak 23. travnja 1794. godine prepisatelj Vice Šašić-Burata. Na manjkavo sačuvan prijepis naslanjaju se dvije bilješke, jedna hrvatska i jedna talijanska. Ne zna se ništa od predlošku (prvi prijepis) koji je prepisivač načinio 1747. godine. U povijest hrvatske književnosti uveo ju je Franjo Fancev 1929. godine.

Likovi u predstavi su (u zagradama poznati glumci koji su ih glumili):
 Rasko: Ante Dulčić
 Cvita: Zdenka Anušić
 Sladoj, njen otac: Mirko Vojković
 Bogdan: Emil Glad
 Duklin: Ljubomir Kapor
 Remeta: Andro Lušičić
 Don Jadrija: Mato Ergović

Za izvedbu ju je priredio i dopunio Nikica Kolumbić.
Poznate kazališne osobe koje su radile na predstavi:
 redatelji: Božidar Violić
 scenografi: Miše Račić
 kostimografi: Jagoda Buić
 scenski glazbenici: Antun Dobronić i Jelšanski tanci,
 oblikovanje maske: Jurica Gabriša

Izvori

Hvar
Komedija
Hrvatska književnost

Komedija od Raskota


Drexciya es una película del año 2011.

Sinopsis
Drexciya es el retrato de una piscina abandonada en la playa Riviera, en Acra, Ghana. Hubo un tiempo en que esta playa era la mejor y más famosa del país. En la época poscolonial, durante el mandato de Kwame Nkrumah, el club Riviera Beach formaba parte del lujoso hotel Ambassador, que prosperó hasta mediados de los años setenta. La piscina olímpica, hoy en ruinas, ya no se usa para nadar, sino para otros fines. La película está inspirada en el mito del grupo underground Drexciya, con base en Detroit.

Premios
 Tánger 2011
 Mención Especial FCAT 2011

Referencias

Drexciya (película)


The New Universe is an imprint from Marvel Comics that was published in its original incarnation from 1986 to 1989. It was the first line produced by Marvel Comics utilizing a pre-conceived shared universe concept. It was created by Jim Shooter, Archie Goodwin, Eliot R. Brown, John Morelli, Mark Gruenwald, Tom DeFalco, and edited by Michael Higgins.

In 1986, in honor of Marvel Comics' 25th anniversary, Editor-in-Chief Jim Shooter launched the New Universe line of comics. This was to be a distinctly separate world, fully divorced from the mainstream continuity of the Marvel Universe, consisting of its own continuing characters and stories in a more realistic setting. There would be no hidden races, gods, mythological beings, magic, or supertechnology (a rule immediately broken by Justice). Superhuman characters and powers would be limited and thus more subdued in their activities, yet their actions would have more realistic consequences. This was in contrast to the traditional Marvel Universe, which always purported to take place in a mirror of the real world where public knowledge of superheroes, supervillains and their activities had little effect on normal day-to-day business.

Adding to the sense of realism, the New Universe titles were designed to operate in real-time: a month would lapse in the universe for each month that passed in reality. The limitation of fantasy elements, and the low-key nature of the characters' activities in the New Universe, gave the imprint verisimilitude, to seem like "the world outside your window", which was the series catchphrase.

Original titles
The New Universe initially launched with eight monthly titles:
 DP 7 (created by Mark Gruenwald and Paul Ryan) (32 issues, one annual)
DP 7 focuses on a group of seven paranormals on the run from a sinister medical facility created to deal with the booming paranormal population.
 Justice (created by Archie Goodwin) (32 issues)
The titular hero is an alien knight exiled to Earth by his enemies. With no way to return to his home dimension, he metes out justice to evildoers everywhere.
 Kickers, Inc. (created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz) (12 issues)
Kickers Inc. is a group of heroes-for-hire, all former pro-football players, led by Jack Magniconte, who gains super-human strength, speed, and invulnerability after the White Event at the cost of his brother's life.
 Mark Hazzard: Merc (created by Archie Goodwin) (12 issues, one annual)
Mark Hazzard is a Vietnam veteran turned soldier of fortune whose mercenary lifestyle has cost him the love of his family.
 Nightmask (created by Archie Goodwin) (12 issues)
Orphaned Keith Remsen is a counselor, aided by his sister Teddy, who uses his newfound ability to enter people's dreams to help them recover from trauma and mental illness.
 Psi-Force (created by Archie Goodwin and Walt Simonson) (32 issues, one annual)
Psi-Force is a group of paranormals on the run from a government that seeks to control them. They can meld their abilities into a powerful psionic being called The Psi-Hawk.
 Spitfire and the Troubleshooters (created by Eliot R. Brown and John Morelli) (13 issues; renamed Spitfire from issue #8; renamed Codename: Spitfire from issue #10)
Aided by five prankster students, Professor Jenny Swensen steals her father's M.A.X. armor (a construction suit built for use in a variety of capacities) when she suspects his murderer intends to use it as a weapon of war.
 Star Brand (created by Jim Shooter) (19 issues, one annual; renamed The Star Brand from issue #11)
Ken Connell is given a power called the Star Brand by a mysterious visitor from space, who tells him to guard it well. Driven by his conscience, Connell struggles to find the most just and appropriate use for the Brand's unlimited power.

Publication history

Concept and creation
To discuss how to capitalize on Marvel Comics's upcoming 25th anniversary, president Jim Galton held a meeting with Marvel's vice presidents, including Jim Shooter, who was also Marvel editor-in-chief. Shooter proposed an idea similar to the later Ultimate Marvel line: end the Marvel Universe, and relaunch all the titles in a remade universe which would use the same characters and story concepts as the original Marvel Universe, but updated to the present era. This idea was rejected because it was seen as meddling with a line that was very successful at the time, and so Shooter instead proposed creating a new universe entirely, one that would supplement the Marvel Universe rather than replace it. This new proposal was approved and given a $120,000 budget.

After a false start in which Tom DeFalco was placed in charge of the project and reportedly made little progress, Shooter conceived a line of comics that would be the next innovation for greater realism in superhero comics. The concept was fleshed out, and ideas for the individual series proposed, at a meeting with Shooter, DeFalco, Archie Goodwin, Eliot R. Brown, John Morelli, and Mark Gruenwald.

The premise behind the line of comics was that, prior to July 22, 1986, the New Universe was identical to the real world. The New Universe's first divergence from normal reality was the White Event, a strange astronomical phenomenon that occurred on that date, at 4:22 a.m., EDT, and lasted for mere moments. It bathed the Earth in a bright white light and caused genetic anomalies in two out of every one million humans, which led to their developing superhuman powers. Many looked completely normal, but for others the anomaly resulted in a physical manifestation that led to horrible disfiguration. Human beings who developed a reaction to the White Event were referred to as paranormals. According to Goodwin, it was intended from the beginning that all the major characters in the New Universe would be either paranormals or in some other way linked to the White Event. However, three of the eight launch titles, including two created by Goodwin himself, had no connection of any sort to the White Event: Mark Hazzard: Merc, Spitfire and the Troubleshooters, and Justice.

First year
The New Universe was heavily marketed but faced substantial problems. Jim Shooter had planned to recruit top creators, but this became unfeasible when Marvel's parent company, Cadence Industries, threatened to sell off the company, creating immense pressure for Marvel to cut costs and increase revenues. As a result, the New Universe's budget was cut to nothing, and the titles in the line were staffed almost entirely by editors and creators who were new to the industry or otherwise could not get work elsewhere. Because of false starts, and delays in developing the New Universe concept, production of the first issues faced harsh deadline pressures as the 25th anniversary approached. Following the launch, certain books lacked focus as creative teams were swapped. Shooter was also involved with complex politics at Marvel Comics (which eventually led to him resigning his position), and thus could not give the line as much attention as he would have liked. In addition, many readers felt that the line did not follow the advertised "world outside your window" concept; especially strong contradictions to the line's supposed realism were Justice (about an alien knight from a quasi-medieval civilization), Kickers Inc. (a team of five professional football players who work as heroes-for-hire as a sideline), and Codename: Spitfire (whose later issues involved technology that verged on the fantastical). In 2007, comics journalist Philippe Cordier went so far as to declare Jim Shooter's run on Star Brand to be "the New Universe's only good title".

By the end of the imprint's first year, four of the titles (Kickers, Inc., Mark Hazzard: Merc, Nightmask and Codename: Spitfire) were cancelled, while a fifth (Star Brand) had been downgraded to bimonthly status, and Shooter himself had departed Marvel. Though the news bulletins published in the comics reassured readers that the cancellations were only a case of some series not selling as well as others, in fact, even the four remaining New Universe titles were on the brink of cancellation.

The "New New Universe"
In an effort to save the line, DeFalco (now Marvel's editor-in-chief), Gruenwald, John Byrne, and editor Howard Mackie ended up removing some of the more fantastic elements from it and, in a few cases, doing radical revamps. Byrne signed up to write and do breakdowns on Star Brand, altering the series so that it focused less on Ken Connell and more on the power of the titular object itself. This began initially with the idea of having Ken Connell go public with his identity as Star Brand. Similarly, the premise of Justice was revealed to be a hallucination that had been artificially induced in the title's protagonist by another paranormal. From this point on, Justice becomes a serial killer who targets paranormals who abuse their powers. Some of the characters whose titles had been cancelled returned as backup features or even as supporting characters in the remaining books.

One of the founding ideas of the New Universe was that the existence of paranormals would have real and lasting consequences, but so far these had been few and on the personal level. Gruenwald elaborated:
 This changed in issue #12 of Star Brand, in which Ken Connell transfers a portion of the Star Brand to an inanimate object. This same issue reveals that a similar transfer of the Star Brand's power into an asteroid was the trigger for the White Event in the first place. Connell's effort results in a tremendous release of energy, which scoops out a massive crater, obliterating the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and most of the surrounding area in what became known as the Black Event. The crater that existed where Pittsburgh had once been became known as "The Pitt", and its creation marked a turn into a generally grimmer tone for the line, with a more militarized international political scene, and some themes of post-apocalyptic fiction being explored. The increasingly unstable political scene would have effects such as the forcible military recruitment of paranormals for a war with the Soviet Union (believed by the Americans to have caused the disaster), as portrayed in the graphic novel The Draft.

Despite all of this, the imprint was discontinued in late 1989 after a total of 170 comics had been published. Readers often assumed that the New Universe had suffered from poor sales, but in fact, all four series were solidly profitable right up until their cancellation; the actual reason for discontinuing the line was that, with Marvel Comics in one of its most successful eras, it was felt that staff and production resources would be better used on new, more promising series. The lineup's discontinuation was immediately followed by a four-issue limited series, The War, which was intended as the conclusion of the New Universe.

1993–2005
Writer Peter David introduced an amnesiac character known as the Net Prophet into Spider-Man 2099. He eventually revealed that Net Prophet was actually the New Universe character Justice, who slowly regained his memories during the course of the storyline.
 Spider-Man 2099 #12–14 (1993)
 Spider-Man 2099 #25 (1994)
 Spider-Man 2099 #41, 42, 44 (1996)
 Spider-Man 2099 Annual #1 (1994)

Following the dissolution of the New Universe imprint, Mark Gruenwald, the writer of the New Universe title DP7, decided to bring the Star Brand and other New Universe characters into the Marvel Universe proper some years later, when he was the writer for Quasar. He later incorporated them into the Marvel Multiverse, allowing crossovers with other Marvel titles, in the "Starblast" storyline:

 Part 1: Starblast #1 (January 1994)
 Part 2: Quasar #54 (January 1994)
 Part 3: Secret Defenders #11 (January 1994)
 Part 4: Starblast #2 (February 1994)
 Part 5: Quasar #55 (February 1994)
 Part 6: Namor the Sub-Mariner #47 (February 1994)
 Part 7: Fantastic Four #385 (February 1994)
 Part 8: Starblast #3 (March 1994)
 Part 9: Namor the Sub-Mariner #48 (March 1994)
 Part 10: Quasar #56 (March 1994)
 Part 11: Fantastic Four #386 (March 1994)
 Part 12: Starblast #4 (April 1994)

In addition, Namor the Sub-Mariner #46, Quasar #31-53, and Quasar #57-60 were unnumbered tie-ins to the crossover.

In this crossover, Kayla Ballantine is Quasar's secretary at the time that she receives the Star Brand. Once her powers begin to manifest, she becomes the target of numerous alien individuals and groups. These include: the Dance, the Chief Examiner, and a group of interplanetary marauders known as the Starblasters. Quasar recruits some of Earth's most powerful heroes to stop them when the Starblasters try to push the moon away from Earth's orbit.

The Imperial Guard were informed about a hijacked Shi'ar craft and later joined Quasar. When it becomes clear that the Starblasters are working for the Stranger, Guard members Solar Wind, Voyager and Moondancer opt to help Quasar's team against the Stranger, even though it means they have to resign from active Guard duty. These three Guardsmen were once captured and caged by the Stranger some years before. After helping Quasar, these three 'former' Guardsmen are never seen again serving the Shi'ar Imperial Guard, and their whereabouts are unknown.

Ballantine would eventually pass the Star Brand on to the Stranger in order to prevent Skeletron (the leader of the Starblasters) from forcibly taking the Star Brand. The Stranger uses the Star Brand to move the Earth of the New Universe into orbit around his Labworld. The Living Tribunal then judges the Star Brand to be a threat to the hierarchy of the greater powers of the Marvel Multiverse. The New Universe's Earth is quarantined and surrounded by an impenetrable energy barrier so that no one can enter or leave it, and none of the greater powers are ever allowed to observe it again. After the threat posed by the Starblasters is over, the Star Brand is returned to Ballantine. She remains on the New Universe Earth after it is moved into the Marvel Universe and cut off from the rest of that universe.

2005–present
The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Alternate Universes 2005 features a two-page entry on the New Universe wherein New Universe Earth is designated Earth-148611.

In late 2005, the Exiles find a Proteus-possessed Mimic in an approximation of New Universe era Pittsburgh. After observing this world, Proteus becomes determined to retrieve the most powerful weapon in the known universe, the Star Brand, by attempting to take the body of Ken Connell. He also encounters Justice, DP 7, and Nightmask. This arc runs through Exiles #72–74 and is the second of six stops on the "World Tour" storyline.

This alternate universe has the Marvel Multiverse designation Earth-15731 and exists circa 1986, shortly after the White Event. As a result of Proteus's actions, including the premature death of Justice, it is completely divorced from the original New Universe continuity. Other notable differences include Connell, Nightmask, and Lenore Fenzl of the D.P. 7 becoming aware of each other's existence and abilities long before the characters did so in the original continuity (due to the Exiles gathering them to combat Proteus) and Connell beginning to develop a greater sense of responsibility towards the Star Brand after Proteus threatens his life and the lives of people he cares for.

In 2006, Editor-In-Chief Joe Quesada and Editor Mark Paniccia set in motion events to celebrate Marvel Comics' 20th Anniversary of the New Universe. In late February and early March, Marvel launched the Untold Tales of the New Universe, a five-week comic event that took place in a pre-Pitt timeframe in the original continuity.

These were released as a lead-in to Warren Ellis's then-forthcoming newuniversal, an ongoing title that would re-introduce the New Universe Saga to the world.

The line of Untold Tales of the New Universe titles included the following:
 The New Avengers #16, Untold Tales of the New Universe - Kickers, Inc.: "Kickin' It in Hell"
 Amazing Fantasy #18, Untold Tales of the New Universe - Mark Hazzard: Merc
 Marvel Milestones: Star Brand & Quasar
 Untold Tales of the New Universe — Star Brand: "Adventures in the Mulletverse"
 Untold Tales of The New Universe: Nightmask - "Kingdom of the Gnome" - this issue served as the conclusion of a story arc in the original  comic never completed because of a change in creative team.
 Untold Tales of The New Universe: Justice - "Who Judges the Judge?"
 Amazing Fantasy #19 - Spitfire: "Danger Zone"
 Untold Tales of the New Universe: DP 7 - "The Dead Plains Seven"
 Untold Tales of the New Universe - Psi-Force: "An Army Of One"

New Universe reference material is given in the All New Official Handbook Of The Marvel Universe A - Z series. Issue #6 of this series features a biography of John Tensen (Justice). Issue #10 features a biography of the Starblasters, who are instrumental in Quasar: Prelude to Starblast (1992–1994) and Starblast (1994). The Starblasters had frequent interactions with many of the New Universe characters throughout these storylines. This was followed by a 2007 update series, All-New Official Handbook Of The Marvel Universe A - Z: Update, the first issue of which (January 2007) features an updated biography of Mark Hazzard: Merc, Quasar, and Spider-Man 2099. Issue #2 (March 2007) features an updated biography of Jack Magniconte, the All-American. Issue #3 (July 2007) features an updated biography of Chrome.

In November 2006, Marvel released a 1980s version of The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe. The profiles within covered everything published by Marvel Comics in that decade and featured D.P. 7, Nightmask, and Psi-Force.

In 2007, to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the New Universe, Marvel launched newuniversal, a mini-series re-imagining of the New Universe concepts by writer Warren Ellis, artist Salvador Larroca and color artist Jason Keith. As with the original New Universe, newuniversal is set in a world where a number of people suddenly develop superhuman abilities. However, where the New Universe began with the 'real' world as its starting point, the world of newuniversal is already markedly different.

The one-shot Exiles: Days of Then and Now (January 2008) celebrates 100 issues of The Exiles and features an appearance by Jenny Swensen (Spitfire) in "Chapter 4: World Tour".

In 2013, as part of Marvel's NOW! initiative, in the fifth volume of The Avengers, writer Jonathan Hickman resurrects several concepts from the New Universe including The White Event, Nightmask and Star Brand, as well as elements from newuniversal like the Superflow.

Collections
 Star Brand Classic Volume 1 (trade paperback)  Collecting Star Brand #1 - 7. First printing: December 6, 2006. .
 D.P. 7 Classic Volume 1 (trade paperback)  Collecting D.P. 7 #1 - 9. First Printing: August 15, 2007. .
 Nightmask: New Universe (trade paperback)  Collecting NIGHTMASK #1-12, STAR BRAND #9, JUSTICE (1986) #15, UNTOLD TALES OF THE NEW UNIVERSE: NIGHTMASK; MATERIAL FROM DP7 #25, JUSTICE (1986) #25, STAR BRAND #16-18 First Printing: July, 2018.
 Psi - Force Classic Volume 1 Trade PaperbackCollecting Psi - Force #1 - 9. First Printing: May 14, 2008. .
 Exiles Volume 12: World Tour Book 1 Trade Paperback  Collecting Exiles #69 - 74. First Printing: March 15, 2006. .
 Untold Tales of the New Universe Trade Paperback Collecting Untold Tales Of The New Universe: Nightmask, Star Brand, Psi-Force, Justice, and D.P. 7; and stories from Amazing Fantasy #18 - 19 and New Avengers #16. First Printing: July 26, 2006. .
 newuniversal Volume 1: Everything Went White Premiere (hardcover)Collecting newuniversal #1 - 6. First Printing: August 15, 2007. .
 newuniversal Volume 1: Everything Went White Trade Paperback Collecting newuniversal #1 - 6. First Printing: April 9, 2008. .

Parodies
 Failed Universe (Blackthorne Publishing, 1986)
 Legends #5 (DC Comics, March 1987)
 Aristocratic Xtraterrestrial Time-Traveling Thieves (vol. 2) #2 (Comics Interview, April 1987) -- a suitcase containing the embodiment of reality is hurled into the New Universe, where Ken Connell remarks, "Admit it, reality -- even confined like that, aren't you thrilled to be back home?!"
 What The--?! #2 (Marvel, September 1988) has a story starring Dr. Deranged (a parody of Dr. Strange) visiting a parody of the DC Universe, before ending up in Pittsburgh. Issue #4 (Marvel, November 1988) contains two single-page, single-panel parodies of the New Universe: "When Titans Clash" (written by Justice and Mark Hazzard: Merc writer Peter David) and "The You Universe".

References

Notes

Sources consulted

 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "The Coming of The New Universe", Marvel Age Annual #2, Marvel Comics Group, Jun. 1986
 Ed. David Smay, "The New Universe Tour", Amazing Heroes #101, Fantagraphics Books, Aug. 15, 1986
 Ed. Hal Schuster, "Marvel's New Universe", Comics Feature #48, Medialand Publishing, Oct. 1986
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "Behold... The New Universe", Marvel Age #44, Marvel Comics Group, Nov. 1986
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "New Universe Part I", Marvel Age #47, Marvel Comics Group, Feb. 1987
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "New Universe Part II", Marvel Age #48, Marvel Comics Group, Mar. 1987
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "Exploring The New Universe" & "New Universe Part III", Marvel Age #50,  Marvel Comics Group, May 1987
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "Marvel A to Z", Marvel Age Annual #3, Marvel Comics Group, Jun. 1987
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "John Byrne Takes on The Star Brand", Marvel Age #58, Marvel Comics Group, Jan. 1988
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "The New New Universe", Marvel Age #59, Marvel Comics Group, Feb. 1988
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "New Universe A to Z", Marvel Age Annual #4, Marvel Comics Group, Jun. 1988
 Ed. Jim Salicrup, "The War", Marvel Age #74, Marvel Comics Group, May 1989
 Gruenwald, Mark. "Mark's Remarks: The demise of the New Universe, part 1", Marvel Age #76, Marvel Comics Group, Jul. 1989
 Gruenwald, Mark, "Mark's Remarks: The demise of the New Universe, part 2", Marvel Age #77, Marvel Comics Group, Aug. 1989
 Ed. Steve Saffel, "Mark's Remarks" & "Starblast", Marvel Age #131, Marvel Comics Group, Dec. 1993

External links
 Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe: The New Universe
 Jim Shooter on the Genesis and Failure of the New Universe
 Shooterswork.com - Jim Shooter New Universe Retrospective
 Mark Paniccia on Untold Tales of the New Universe
 Gruenwald, Mark. "Mark's Remarks: The demise of the New Universe, part 1", Marvel Age #76, Marvel Comics Group, Jul. 1989
 Gruenwald, Mark, "Mark's Remarks: The demise of the New Universe, part 2", Marvel Age #77, Marvel Comics Group, Aug. 1989

New Universe
Marvel Comics dimensions
Marvel Comics imprints
1986 comics debuts
1989 comics endings

New Universe


Gaspar Afán de Ribera fue un poeta español nacido en Granada a principios del siglo XVII, de familia ilustre; fue caballero de la Orden de Santiago, desempeñando cargos importantes; tomó parte en diversos certámenes poéticos, alternando con los principales ingenios andaluces de la época.

Obra
Escribió muchas poesías; algunas de ellas lo fueron con destino al siguiente libro, cuya formación se le atribuye: Espejo poético en que se miran las heroycas hazañas y gloriosas victorias executadas y conseguidas por el Ecmo. Señor Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, Duque de Albuquerque... (Granada, 1662). Es una recopilación de varias poesías de autores diferentes, en elogio del citado magnate.

Referencias

Caballeros de la Orden de Santiago
Escritores de España del siglo XVII
Poetas de Granada

Gaspar Afán de Ribera


روبن توني  ممثل أمريكية من مواليد 18 يونيو 1971.ومعروف عنها أنها لها دور تيريزا ليزبن في المسلسل التلفزيوني ذا منتاليست، وكذلك في بطولة بريزون بريك وأفلام The Craft، End of Days، وVertical Limit.

وقت مبكر من الحياة
ولدت توني في شيكاغو، إلينوي لـ والد بائع سيارات، باتريك، والأم نادلة، كاثي. توني هي الأيرلندية الأمريكية ولدوا والدها في Straide، مقاطعة مايو، أيرلندا، في حين كانت جديها الأمهات من جزيرة كلير. ترعرت توني في أورلاند بارك، إلينوي، إحدى ضواحي جنوب غرب شيكاغو. حيث تربت الكاثوليكية الرومانية، حضرت كارل ساندبيرغ المدرسة الثانوية في أورلاند بارك وأكاديمية شيكاغو للفنون في شيكاغو، ومكثت في بالوس هايتس، إلينوي، وأيضا في منطقة شيكاغو. وهي ابن عم عضو مجلس محلي شيكاغو توم توني.

المهنة
في سن ال 19، انتقلت توني إلى لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا، وحصلت على العديد من الأدوار التلفزيونية المتكررة على Class من '96، Law & Order، Dream On، و Life Goes On أعطت أداء اختراق لها في سن المراهقة انتحار في Empire Records وجذب المزيد من الاهتمام من خلال اللعب على ساحرة في الطائرة. وقالت انها حلقت رأسها ل Empire Records، واضطرت لارتداء شعر مستعار في الطائرة.

في عام 1997، تألقت توني في Bob Gosse في شلالات، شلالات مع هنري توماس في الأداء الذي حصل لها أفضل ممثلة جائزة فولبي كأس في مهرجان البندقية السينمائي الدولي 1997. توني كانت واردة أيضا عكس أرنولد شوارزنيغر في عام 1999 عمل فيلم خارق End of Days.

انها نجمة في الحلقة التجريبية من البيت كمدرسة روضة أطفال التي تنهار قبل بدأ الدرس لها وتنزل إلى فقدان القدرة على الكلام، وقالت إنها كان له الفضل بأنه «نجمة ضيفا خاصا». انها صورت فيرونيكا دونوفان في الموسم الأول من بريزون بريك، والفضل الثالث بعد اثنين من الشخصيات الرئيسية. كما ظهرت في الحلقة العرض الأول للموسم الثاني، وفي هذه الحلقة، وشخصيتها قتل. كان لها دور صغير في فيلم أغسطس صدر يوم 11 يوليو 2008. توني هي حاليا البطلة سيمون بيكر المعاكس في سي بي اس دراما سلسلة ذا منتاليست.

الحياة الشخصية
تزوجت توني منتج / مخرج Bob Gosse في 4 أكتوبر 1997، انفصلا في عام 2002. في عام 2009، كانت تعمل توني إلى الكاتب الأسترالي / مدير أندرو دومينيك لكنها انتهت علاقتهما من قبل أغسطس 2010. حصلت وقالت انها مخطوبة لمهندس ديكور نيكي مارمي في 25 ديسمبر 2012 بينما كانت في إجازة في ريو دي جانيرو.
في 28 يونيو 2006، فازت توني الطاولة الخامس من الموسم الثامن برافو المشاهير بوكر المواجهة، وقبل الانتهاء من Christopher Meloni, Macy Gray, Joy Behar, و Andy Dick، والانتقال إلى خفض النهائي. خاتمة بثت يوم 5 يوليو 2006، حيث تنافست ضد Jason Alexander, Michael Ian Black, Ida Siconolfi, و Keegan-Michael Key. جاء توني في الثانية، خلف Alexander. لعبت لصندوق صحة الأطفال، التي تلقت 200,000 دولار لجهودها. في أغسطس 2006، لعبت توني في بطولة العالم للبوكر بعد أن رسم الدخول لها من قبل cardroom على الإنترنت لتغطيتها PokerRoom.com

الأعمال
 1992: إنسينو مان (الدور: ايلي)
 1994: قانون ونظام (الدور: جيل تمبلتون)
 1999: نهاية الأيام (الدور: كريستين يورك)
 2004: هاوس (الدور: ريبيكا أدلر)
 2005–2006: بريزون بريك (الدور: فيرونيكا دونوفان)
 2008–2015: ذا منتاليست (الدور: تيريزا ليزبن)

الجوائز والترشيحات

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من اورلاند بارك (إلينوي)
أشخاص من بالوس هايتس
أمريكيون من أصل أيرلندي
رومان كاثوليك أمريكيون
ممثلات أفلام أمريكيات
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 20
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 21
ممثلات تلفزيون أمريكيات
ممثلات من أصل أيرلندي
ممثلات من شيكاغو (إلينوي)
مواليد 19 يونيو
مواليد 1972
مواليد في شيكاغو

روبن توني


Karl Peissner (* 24. Dezember 1890 in Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, Bayern; † 28. Juni 1952 in Altstätten SG, Schweiz) war ein deutscher Musikdirektor und Komponist in Füssen, Hochdorf LU und Altstätten SG.

Leben
Karl Peissner stammt aus einer alten Musiker- und Türmerfamilie. Der erste belegbare Peissner hieß Zacharias Ignatius, war vor 1692 in Hirschau beschäftigt und ging als Türmer nach Auerbach. Die Familie Peissner lebte seit Generationen in der Stadt Auerbach. Sein Vater Johann Peissner war der letzte Peissner Türmer und wurde 1898 Chorregent in Auerbach. Karl Peissner hatte eine 10 Jahre ältere Schwester.

Peissner sollte nach Wunsch seines Vaters den Beruf des Lehrers ergreifen und besuchte das Lehrerseminar der Stadt Amberg (heute Max-Reger-Gymnasium Amberg). Nach dem Tode seines Vaters wechselte er gemäß seiner Berufung und auf Rat des Amberger Chorregenten Böhm zur Musik. Von Böhm erhielt er den ersten Musikfachunterricht. Nach einer dreijährigen Vorbereitung ging er 1911 für ein Jahr an die Kirchen-Musikschule Regensburg. Dort wurde er von Weinmann, Grießbacher, Renner und Engelhardt unterrichtet. Beim Abschluss dieser Studienjahre führte der Regensburger Domchor in einer Schlussfeier ein Gloria von Karl Peissner auf. Schon diese Komposition, die von der Kritik "als Werk der Sturm- und Drangperiode eines talentvollen Musikers" bezeichnet wurde, brach bereits entschieden mit der sogenannten Regensburger Tradition und bewegte sich für die schon damalige Zeit in ganz neuen Bahnen.

Vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg trat Peissner seine erste berufliche musikalische Verpflichtung als stellvertretender Musikdirektor in Füssen an. Während des Krieges verrichtete er von 1915 bis 1918 Militärdienst; zuletzt war er in Lindau stationiert. Ab 1919 wirkte er als  Chordirektor in Hochdorf, Kanton Luzern. Im Jahr 1924 wurde er als Nachfolger von Musikdirektor J. N. Thür nach Altstätten berufen. Hier wirkte er 28 Jahre lang bis zu seinem Tode als Organist der katholischen Kirchgemeinde, als Dirigent des Cäcilienvereins, des Orchesters, des Männerchors Constantia, des Frauenchors Frohsinn, des Töchterchors des Institutes Maria Hilf, sowie als Privatmusiklehrer.

Von 1929 bis 1930 ging er von Altstätten aus wöchentlich zwei bis drei Tage an die staatliche Akademie der Tonkunst nach München und studierte Kirchenmusik bei Ludwig Berberich und Kompositionslehre bei Joseph Haas. Mit beiden Lehrern bestand auch dem Studium ein reger Briefverkehr.

Seit 1947 besorgte Peissner die Chefredaktion der im Kirchenmusikverlag Meinrad Ochsner & Co. Einsiedeln erscheinenden Monatsschrift für katholische Kirchenmusik Der Chorwächter.

Familie
1919 heiratete Peissner die aus Füssen stammende Kreszentia Betz († 1937). Aus der Ehe stammte die Tochter Annelies (1921–2009). Auf einem Musikkongress in Wiesbaden lernte er 1938 seine zweite Frau kennen, die musikalisch in Orgelspiel, Klavier und Gesang ausgebildet war und die er 1939 in Gustavsburg heiratete. In dieser Ehe wurden die Kinder Bruno und Rainer geboren.

Werk
Zu Karl Peissners musikalischen Werken gehören 22 Messen, 20 Motetten, elf Marienbilder, fünf Chorwerke, eine geistliche Chorsinfonie, Teil 1 und Teil 2, sowie einige weltliche Lieder.

Im Laufe seiner Amtszeit wurden einige Konzerte und Operetten unter Peissners Leitung aufgeführt. So dirigierte er am 4. November 1934 ein Symphonie-Konzert von Beethoven und Cello-Konzert von Haydn mit Cello Solisten Franz Hindermann St. Gallen. Musikpädagoge Dr. Leo Rinderer (1895–1987) urteilte im Anschluss: «Die ersten Lorbeeren gebühren dem Führer, der Seele des Abends, dem bestbekannten Komponisten und Dirigenten, Herrn Direktor Karl Peissner. An all dem vorerwähnten Guten und Anerkennungswerten trägt er den Löwenanteil. Das volle Gelingen des Konzertes verdankt Altstätten neben der tüchtigen Mitwirkung aller Spieler in erster Linie seinem hochbegabten, unermüdlichen und energischen Dirigenten, der sich ein Orchester heranzuziehen verstand, das frei und beweglich dem klar geführten Dirigentenstabe restlos zu folgen vermag. Alles in allem, Programm und Ausführung boten vollen Genuss!»

Das Jubiläumskonzert vom 29. Oktober 1950 in der katholischen Kirche Altstätten zur Feier der 25-jährigen Dirigententätigkeit von Karl Peissner war sein letztes Konzert. Zum ersten Teil gehörten "Fuge in a-Moll" und "Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied" von Joh. Seb. Bach, "Sancta Maria, mater Dei" und "Laudate dominum" von W. A. Mozart und "Gott in der Natur" von Franz Schubert. Die Originalpartitur des zweiten Teils, "Geistige Chor-Sinfonie" von Karl Peissner, ist im Landesmuseum in Bern gelagert.

Weblinks

Komponist klassischer Musik (20. Jahrhundert)
Komponist (Kirchenmusik)
Komponist (Deutschland)
Komponist (Schweiz)
Dirigent
Deutscher
Geboren 1890
Gestorben 1952
Mann
Absolvent der Hochschule für Musik und Theater München

Karl Peissner


خيسوس خافيير غوميز ميركادو  (من مواليد 6 أغسطس 1984 في ماراساي في أوروغواي) لأب فنزويلي وأم أرجنتينية وهو لاعب كرة قدم فنزويلي كما يحمل الجنسية الأرجنتينية

بدأ مسيرته الكروية مع نادي أستوديانتيس دي مريدا ثم انتقل إلى الأرجنتين ليلعب مع كويلمس وتيغري وفي موسم 2006/2007 انتقل إلى نادي الرجاء البيضاوي المغربي معارا من نادي تيغري ويعدها لعب مع نادي الاتحاد السوري.

وانضم أخيرا إلى نادي وادي دجلة المصري في يناير 2011 لمدة موسمين ونصف. وكان جوميز قد اختير كأفضل لاعب في دورى فينزويلا لموسم 2009- 2010 بعدما قاد نادي كاراكاس للفوز ببطولتين للدوري، وبطولة الكأس عام 2009.

روابط خارجية

مصادر

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في المغرب
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في مصر
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في المكسيك
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في المكسيك
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في بلجيكا
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في سوريا
رياضيون من ماراكاي
لاعبو أتلانتي
لاعبو الدوري السوري
لاعبو الدوري الفنزويلي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري المصري الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري المكسيكي الممتاز
لاعبو نادي الرجاء الرياضي
لاعبو دورادوس دي سينالوا
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الثانية المكسيكي
لاعبو ديبورتيفو لارا
لاعبو كرة قدم فنزويليون
لاعبو كرة قدم فنزويليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في المغرب
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في سوريا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في مصر
لاعبو منتخب فنزويلا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي أهلي حلب
لاعبو نادي كاراكاس
لاعبو نادي لييرس
لاعبو نادي نيكاكسا
لاعبو نادي وادي دجلة
مواليد 1984
مواليد في كاراكاس
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في مصر
رياضيون فنزويليون مغتربون في المغرب

خيسوس خافيير غوميز


Brachynillus es un género de coleópteros adéfagos perteneciente a la familia Carabidae.

Contiene las siguientes especies:

 Brachynillus natalensis Basilewsky, 1988
 Brachynillus pallidus (Peringuey, 1896)
 Brachynillus varendorffi Reitter, 1904

Referencias

 Reitter 1904: Wien. ent. Ztg., 23, 178.

Enlaces externos

 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Crepidogastrini

Brachynillus


Osmanski napad na Vis je bila vojna operacija osmanskih pomorskih snaga. Dogodila se u danima poslije 15. kolovoza 1571. godine. Osmansku flotu predvodio je alžirski potkralj Uluz–Alija (Uluc-Ali, Uluč-Ali) i zapovjednik Valone Karakoz.

Uvodni događaji
Brodovlje kršćanske Svete lige okupilo se je u Messini. Kršćanske države okupile su se u savez koji je potaknuo papa Pio V. za pomoć Famagusti na Cipru koji je bio pod osmanskom opsadom. Konačni cilj kršćanske akcije bio je oslabiti osmansku moć na istočnom Sredozemlju. Listopada 1571. zbila se poslije glasovita Bitka kod Lepanta. Tako su brojna mora ostala slabo čuvana.

To je iskoristio alžirski beg (gusari s Berberske obale u Alžiru) Uluz-Ali (Ali-paša) i zapovjednik Valone Karakoz te su svojim brodovima dojedrili u Jadran,  zauzela Ulcinj, Bar i Budvu te zatim u južne hrvatske vode.

U dubrovačkom pomorju naišli su na mletačku galiju kojim je zapovijedao soprakomit Francesco Tron i napali su ju. Progon je trajao do dubrovačke luke. Mlečani su se spasili nasilnim uplovljavanjem u luku, prekinuvši željezni lučki lanac. Uluz-Ali je zatražio da mu izruče Mlečića, no Dubrovačka Republika je odbila. Na to je Uluz-Alija otplovio 13. kolovoza ka Korčuli. 15. kolovoza napao je grad Korčulu. Zbog kvalitetno organizirane obrane mještana predvođenih arhiđakonom Rozanovićem, snažnoj buri, a prema živoj vjeri u mjesnom katoličkom puku i zagovora Blažene Djevice Marije koja je svojim zagovorom očuvala Korčulu od osvajačkih osmanskih napada, osmanske snage su odustale.

Otplovile su ka Hvaru i Visu koje su napale još istog dana, a napad je trajao nekoliko dana. Hvar je pretrpio palež i pljačku.

Zbivanja na Hvaru
Vis je tisućljećima imao strateški važnu ulogu zbog svog položaja nasred Jadrana. O napadu na Vis zna se iz pisanja fra Andrije Kačića Miošića.

Izvori

Vis
Hrvatsko-turski ratovi (nakon 1527.)
Povijest Dalmacije

Osmanski napad na Vis 1571.


Mesnevî-i Nuriye (), İslam Alimi Said Nursi'ye ait kitap, 1920-1924 yılları arasında Arapça olarak yazılmıştır. Eser daha sonra yazarın kardeşi Abdulmecid Nursi ve Abdulkadir Badıllı tarafından Türkçeye tercüme edilmiştir.

Farklı zamanlarda yazılan on iki risaleciğinin kendisi tarafından birleştirilerek tek kitap haline getirdiği eseridir. Kitapta İslami ve imani meseleler genellikle uzun izahlar yerine özlü ifadelerle yazılmıştır.

Eserde yer alan risalecikler sırasıyla şöyledir:Lem'alar, Reşhalar, Lâsiyyemalar, Katre, Hubâb, Habbe, Zühre, Zerre, Şemme, Onuncu Risale, Şûle, Nokta.

Mesneviyi Nuriye içeriği

Dârü'l-Hikmeti'l-İslâmiyye'də iken tab' və nəşretdiği eser
"Nuktatün min-Nûr-i Ma'rifetillâh", Evkāf-ı İslâmiyye Matbaası,1337. (1919) (Bir kısmını koymuş) Türkce yazılmış
Yeni Said dövrü arapca yazılmış ilk kitablarının bazılarını Mesneviyi Nuriyeye ilave etmiş
Katre: Bedîüzzaman İstanbul, Necm-i İstikbâl matbaası, 1338/1340 (1 Oc. 1922 – 23 Ağ. 1922).
Zeylü'l-Katre: Bedîüzzaman Şehzâdebaşı, Evkāf-ı İslâmiyye Matbaası, 1338/1340 (1 Oc. 1922 – 23 Ağ. 1922)
Zerre: Saîde'n-Nursî Şehzâdebaşı, Evkāf Matbaası, 1338/1340 (1 Oc. 1922 – 23 Ağ. 1922).
Şemme: Saîde'n-Nursî Şehzâdebaşı, Evkāf Matbaası, 1338/1340 (1 Oc. 1922 – 23 Ağ. 1922).
Habbe: Saîde'n-Nursî Evkāf Matbaası 1338 (1922).
Zeylü'l-Habbe: Saîde'n-Nursî Evkāf Matbaası, 1338 (1922)
Zeylü'z-Zeyl: Saîde'n-Nursî Ankara, Yenigün Matbaası, 1338/1341 [Ankara'ya gelişi (7 Kasım 1922) – 31 Ar. 1922].
Hubâb: Saîde'n-Nursî Ankara, Ali Şükrü Matbaası, 1339/1341 {1 Oc. 1923 – Ank.'dan ayrılışı (17/21[30]) Nîsan [1 Mayıs] 1923)}
Zeylü'l-Hubâb: Saîde'n-Nursî İstanbul, Necm-i İstikbâl Matbaası, 1341 [H] (24 Ağ. 1922 - 13 Ağ.1923)
Zühre: Saîde'n-Nursî İstanbul, Necm-i İstikbâl Matbaası, 1341 [H] (24 Ağ. 1922 - 13 Ağ.1923)
Zührenin Zeyli: Saîd (Bu kitab muhtamel eline geçmemiş olmalı ki ilave etmemiş)
Şu'le: Saîde'n-Nursî İstanbul, Necm-i İstikbâl Matbaası, 1342[H] (14 Ağ. 1923 – 31 Tem 1924).[5]
Şu'lenin zeyli
Lamalar
Reşhalar
Lasiyemalar
Kur'an Yıldızlarının Envarından bir Nûr ve Ehl-i Tuğyan ile Ehl-i İman Arasını Ölçen Bir Mizan (Bu kitab muhtamel eline geçmemiş olmalı ki ilave etmemiş)

1946 yılından arapca olarak Ahmet Nazif Çelebi hattıyla Teksir edilerek çoğaltılmışdır
Türcümesi 1957 Kardeşi Abdülmecid Nursi tarafından yapılmış
Türcümesinin Latince ilk baskısı 1958 Osman Yalçın Matbasında basılmış. 1969'da Arabî Mesnevi-i Nuriye'yi Şam'a, Beyrutda basılmış Abdülkadir Badıllı Tahiri Mutlu ve Zübeyr Gündüzalpın katkılarıyla.

Din kitapları
Risale-i Nur
Said Nursî kitapları

Mesnevî-i Nuriye


Mocoa er en kommune og hovedstad i departementet Putumayo i Colombia.
Byen ligger i det nordvestlige Putumayo. Kommunen grænser til departementerne Nariño mod vest og Cauca mod nord.

Byer i Colombia

Mocoa


Luis Oswaldo Gómez Cáceres (nacido el 20 de abril de 1972 en Guayaquil, Ecuador) es un exfutbolista ecuatoriano. Jugaba de lateral derecho y su primer club fue el Barcelona Sporting Club de Ecuador.

Carrera

El Chino Gómez debutó en 1992 a los 20 años, en el Barcelona Sporting Club de Guayaquil. En 1994 se trasladó al Deportivo Quito donde permaneció un año antes de regresar a Barcelona. En 1999 pasó una temporada en Argentina, específicamente en Ferro Carril Oeste junto a su excompañero Nicolás Asencio. Mientras el delantero juega 19 partidos, las apariciones de Gómez se reducen a tres. En 2000 regresó a Barcelona, permaneciendo allí hasta 2003.

De 2004 a 2005 jugó en el Liga de Quito, y se retiró jugando para la Universidad Católica en 2006.

Selección nacional

Fue parte del plantel de la Selección de fútbol de Ecuador en la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2002

Participaciones en Sudamericanos Sub 20

Participaciones en Copas del Mundo

Participaciones en Copas Oro

Clubes

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

1. Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2002 - Selección de Ecuador

Futbolistas de Guayaquil
Futbolistas de Ecuador
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Ecuador
Futbolistas del Barcelona Sporting Club
Futbolistas de la Sociedad Deportivo Quito
Futbolistas del Club Ferro Carril Oeste
Futbolistas de la Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo de la Universidad Católica (Ecuador)
Futbolistas de Ecuador en la Copa Mundial de 2002
Futbolistas de Ecuador en el extranjero
Nacidos en Guayaquil

Luis Gómez Cáceres


L'Allemagne a participé au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1979 le  à Jérusalem. C'est la  participation allemande au Concours Eurovision de la chanson.

Le pays est représenté par le groupe Dschinghis Khan et la chanson Dschinghis Khan, sélectionnés par la BR à travers une finale nationale.

Sélection

Ein Lied für Jerusalem
Le radiodiffuseur allemand Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR, « Radiodiffusion de la Bavière »), organise la finale nationale intitulée Ein Lied für Jerusalem (« Une chanson pour Jérusalem ») pour représenter l'Allemagne au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1979.

Finale
La finale nationale est présentée par Carolin Reiber et Thomas Gottschalk et a lieu le  à la Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle à Munich.

Douze chansons participent à cette sélection allemande. Les chansons sont toutes interprétées en allemand, langue nationale de l'Allemagne.

Lors de cette sélection, c'est la chanson Dschinghis Khan interprétée par le groupe du même nom, qui fut choisie.

Le chef d'orchestre sélectionné pour l'Allemagne à l'Eurovision 1979 est Norbert Daum.

À l'Eurovision

Points attribués par l'Allemagne

Points attribués à l'Allemagne

Dschinghis Khan interprète Dschinghis Khan en neuvième position lors de la soirée du concours, suivant la Suisse et précédant Israël.

Au terme du vote final, l'Allemagne termine  sur les 19 pays participants, ayant reçu  au total. L'Allemagne attribue ses douze points à l'Espagne.

Références

Allemagne
Allemagne au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Concours Eurovision de la chanson


The Mitsubishi T-2 was a supersonic jet trainer aircraft used by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. Introduced in 1975, it was the first Japanese-designed aircraft to break the sound barrier. It was the basis of the Mitsubishi F-1 strike fighter. All T-2s were retired by 2006.

Development
Post-World War II rendered Japan without a modern jet fighter for defensive purposes. Two decades after World War II had concluded, Japanese Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) began to consider the development of a supersonic jet tentatively named "T-X."

Japan had found that the subsonic Fuji T-1 jet trainer did not adequately prepare trainee pilots for more complex and difficult handling front line Mach 2 fighters such as the Lockheed F-104J Starfighter and McDonnell Douglas F-4EJ Phantom and so, in 1964–65, began studies for a new trainer, the T-X, which it was hoped would also form the  basis for a future single-seat attack aircraft, the SF-X.

Consideration was also given to acquiring existing foreign aircraft instead of developing a new aircraft, with the United States offering the Northrop T-38 Talon, and the Anglo/French consortium SEPECAT offering the SEPECAT Jaguar as a trainer and single-seat fighter. Japan considered both aircraft carefully, and attempted to negotiate licensed production of the Jaguar, but these plans failed, possibly due to nationalism and the high royalty payments demanded by SEPECAT. In the end, Japan decided to manufacture its own design, which, produced to meet similar requirements, would closely resemble the Jaguar.

In 1967, Japanese aviation firms Fuji, Kawasaki, and Mitsubishi, each submitted proposals, and in September 1967, under lead designer Dr. Kenji Ikeda, Mitsubishi's design was selected. The official contract was issued for the development of the XT-2 was placed on 30 March 1968, with Mitsubishi as prime contractor and Fuji as Prime sub-contractor. Several other subcontracts with aerospace firms and other minor aviation manufacturers were also established.

By March 1969, the design had been finalized, and the XT-2 prototype was rolled out on 28 April 1971, and performed its maiden flight on 20 July 1971. The XT-2 was followed by three more prototypes, and became the first aircraft of Japanese design to break the sound barrier in level flight. Two of the four prototypes were armed, and the other two were not.

A total of 90 production T-2s were built, including 28 unarmed "T-2(Z)s", or "Zenkigata (early type)" and 62 armed "T-2(K)s", or "Kokigata (late type)"; some sources translate these variants as "T-2A" and "T-2B" respectively. An additional two T-2(Z)s were built but modified for the S-FX / F-1 strike fighter program. The last T-2 rolled off the assembly line in 1988.

Design
The T-2's configuration was clearly reminiscent of that of the two-seat Jaguar, with the two aircraft having the same overall configuration and some resemblance in details. In particular, the T-2 was also powered by two Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour turbofans, the same engine type used by the Jaguar, license-built by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries under the designation "TF40-IHI-801A".

Despite this similarity, the T-2 was not a copy of the Jaguar, and the two aircraft could be distinguished at a glance, the T-2 having a more dartlike appearance, being noticeably longer and having a distinctly shorter wingspan than the Jaguar. The T-2 also had many detail differences. For example, since the JASDF had no rough-field requirement, the T-2 had conventional single-wheeled landing gear and not the distinctive heavy duty landing gear of the Jaguar.

The T-2 was made mostly of aircraft aluminum alloys, though it featured selective use of titanium. The high-mounted wings had a leading edge sweep of 42.5° and a 9° anhedral. The wings feature noticeable "leading edge root extensions (LERX)" and full-span leading edge slats, with a "dogtooth" discontinuity on the outer edge of the span, though the dogtooth did not split the slat. There was a single ¾-span flap on the trailing edge, unlike the full-span double-slotted split flaps of the Jaguar, but the T-2 did have twin spoilers on each wing just forward of the flap for roll control instead of ailerons, another element clearly derived from the Jaguar. There was a small fence mounted inboard on the top of the wing. There were no fuel tanks in the wings.

The tail assembly was conventional, featuring slab all-moving tailplanes with an anhedral of 15°. The steep anhedral kept the tailplanes out of the engine exhaust while allowing them to remain effective through the wing wash. Like the Jaguar, there was a fixed ventral fin under each exhaust, while two hydraulically operated airbrakes are fitted just forward of each ventral fin.

Each Adour engine provided 22.75 kN (5,115 lbf) max dry thrust and 32.49 kN (7,305 lbf) afterburning thrust. The TF40-801As did not have the "part throttle reheat" feature added to Adour 102s as an engine-out safety feature, and the T-2 was never refitted with more powerful Adour engine variants, along the lines of the Adour 104 eventually refitted to British Jaguars, leaving the T-2 somewhat underpowered. The engine intakes had fixed rectangular geometry and fuselage splitter plates, plus a set of spring-loaded auxiliary inlets behind the intake lip for increased airflow in ground running. There were large service doors beneath the fuselage that provided excellent access to the engines for maintenance.

The T-2's tricycle landing gear all featured single wheels, with the nose gear retracting backward and the main gear retracting forward into the fuselage, rotating 90° to lie flat, and incorporated an antiskid control system. The nose gear was offset slightly to the right, with a small fixed vertical airfoil mounted in front of it to compensate for the extended nose gear's tendency to cause yaw. A runway arresting hook was fitted under the tail behind the engine exhausts.

Crew and safety
The crew sat in tandem, with the flight instructor sitting behind the student on a raised seat to give a good forward view. There was a windblast screen between the two cockpits. The aircrew sat under separate clamshell canopies on Weber ES-7J zero-zero (zero altitude, zero speed) ejection seats, built by Daiseru. The seats featured specially modified canopy penetrators to ensure safe ejection even if the canopy wasn't blown off. The seats also dispensed a cloud of radar-reflecting "chaff" on ejection to allow ground controllers to spot where the ejection occurred and direct search and rescue teams to the proper area.

Radar and radio system
Standard equipment for the armed T-2(K) included a Mitsubishi Electric J/AWG-11 search and ranging radar in the nose; a French Thomson-CSF heads-up display (HUD), license-built by Mitsubishi Electric; a Lear-Siegler 501OBL automatic heading and reference system (AHRS); as well as a UHF radio, an identification friend or foe (IFF) system, and a TACAN radio beacon navigation receiver system, all built in Japan.  The J/AWG-11 was basically a member of the family of radars fitted to the U.S. F-4 Phantom, being very similar to the AN/AWG-11 fitted to the British Royal Navy Phantom FG.1. The unarmed T-2(Z) lacked the radar, though apparently its avionics kit was otherwise the same as that of the T-2(K).

Operational history

The XT-2 was redesignated T-2 on 29 August 1973, entering service in 1975, with the first unit, the 21st Hikōtai becoming fully operational on 1 October 1976, with a second squadron, the 22nd Hikōtai following on 5 April 1978, allowing the North American F-86 Sabre to be phased out of the advanced training role. The "Blue Impulse" aerobatic display team of the JASDF re-equipped with the T-2 in the winter of 1981–82. T-2s were also used by a dedicated Aggressor squadron, being replaced by the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. T-2s were also used as conversion trainers for squadrons operating the Mitsubishi F-1, a development of the T-2.

The T-2 was retired by 2006, being replaced as an advanced trainer by the Kawasaki T-4 and as a conversion trainer by a two-seat version of the Mitsubishi F-2, which had replaced the F-1 in the anti-ship strike/ground attack role.

Variants
 XT-2 : Prototypes.
 T-2(Z)  : T-2 ( Zenki-gata), T-2A. Two-seat advanced jet trainer aircraft (59 delivered to the ASDF training squadron in 1975)
 T-2(K)  : T-2 ( Kouki-gata), T-2B. Two-seat armed weapons training aircraft.
 T-2 CCV (ja) : Experimental "Control Configuration Vehicle" testbed, built from the third T-2 produced. Included three canards.

Former operators

 Japan Air Self Defense Force
 21st Fighter Training Squadron (1976–2004)
 3rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1978–2002)
 8th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1980–1997)
 Tactical Fighter Training Group (1981–1990)
 6th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1981–2006)

Specifications (T-2(K))

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Lake, Jon. "Mitsubishi T-2: Supersonic Samurai". World Air Power Journal, Volume 18, Autumn/Fall 1994, pp. 136–147. . .
 Michell, Simon (editor). Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994–95. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1994. .

 Sekigawa, Eiichiro. "Mitsubishi's Sabre Successor". Air International, Vol. 18, No. 3, March 1980, pp. 117–121, 130–131. .
 Taylor, John W.R. (editor) Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. .

T-2, Mitsubishi
T-2
Aircraft first flown in 1971
Twinjets
High-wing aircraft

Mitsubishi T-2


Dies ist eine Liste aller 299 Wahlkreise der Bundestagswahl 2013. Die Wahlkreiseinteilung wurde im Zwanzigsten Gesetz zur Änderung des Bundeswahlgesetzes festgelegt. Die Nummerierung der Wahlkreise erfolgte in der Reihenfolge der Bundesländer von Norden nach Süden. Für die Bundestagswahlkreise anderer Jahre siehe Liste der Bundestagswahlkreise.

Anzahl der Wahlkreise nach Bundesland

Gegenüber der Bundestagswahl 2009 gab Mecklenburg-Vorpommern zur Bundestagswahl 2013 einen Wahlkreis an Hessen ab. In beiden Ländern wurden auch die Zuschnitte weiterer Wahlkreise verändert, um eine gleichmäßige Größe der Wahlkreise zu erreichen oder um der Veränderung von Landkreisgrenzen Rechnung zu tragen. In Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen wurden bei gleichbleibender Abgrenzung die Namen mehrerer Wahlkreise geändert.

Wahlkreise nach Nummerierung und Bundesland

Weblinks

 Wahlkreiseinteilung für die Bundestagswahl 2013 des Bundeswahlleiters

Einzelnachweise

2013
2013

Liste der Bundestagswahlkreise 2013


Kwanzaa, çoğunlukla ABD'de yaşayan Afrika kökenlilerin aile, toplum, kültür gibi unsurlarının kutlandığı, dini öğeler taşımayan bir kış bayramıdır. Aslında Pan-Afrikancı bir bayram olsa da, büyük ölçüde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kutlanır ve Afrika kökenli ABD vatandaşlarıyla özdeşleşmiştir. 26 Aralık - 1 Ocak tarihleri arasında kutlanır. Bu yedi günlük kutlama sırasında mum yakılır, "içilen içkinin bir kısmının tanrının şerefine yere dökülmesi" anlamına gelen "libations" işlemi yapılır, ziyafetler ve hediyeler verilir.

Ron Karenga'nın fikriyle, ilk defa 26 Aralık 1966 - 1 Ocak 1967 tarihleri arasında kutlandı. Karenga'ya göre Kwanzaa, klasik Afrika kültüründeki "ilk meyve" kutlamalarının Afro-Amerikan koludur.

Tarihçe ve Amerikan kültüründe Kwanzaa
1966 yılında Ron Karenga tarafından, kendisi Kaliforniya'da yaşarken ortaya atılmıştır. Karenga daha sonraları başlarda Kwanzaa'yı Noel Bayramı'na ve Amerikan kültürünün baskın (dominant) öğe ve imgelerine karşı siyasi bir alternatif olarak başlattığını belirtmiştir.

Kwanzaa sözcüğü, Swahili dilinde "ilk meyveler" anlamındaki "matunda ya kwanza" dan gelmektedir. Bir Doğu Afrika dili olan Swahili'nin ismin geldiği dil olması, etkinliğin Pan-Afrikancı yönünü simgesel bir şekilde vurgulamaktadır.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Posta Servisi Kwanzaa anısına ilki 1997, ikincisi ise 2004 yılında olmak üzere iki kez özel posta pulu basmıştır.

Her ne kadar bugün Kwanzaa'yı ne kadar kişinin kutladığı tam olarak kesinleşmemişse de, 2004 yılında Ulusal Perakende Vakfı tarafından yapılan bir pazarlama anketi sonucuna göre ABD vatandaşlarının %1.6'sı (bu sayı Afrika kökenli Amerikalıların yaklaşık olarak %13'üne tekâbül etmektedir) Kwanzaa'yı kutlamaktadır; bu da yaklaşık olarak 4.7 milyon kişinin Kwanzaa kutladığı anlamına gelir.. 2006 yılında yaptığı bir konuşmasında,Karenga Kwanzaa'nın 28 milyon kişi tarafından kutlandığını iddia etmektedir. Daima Kwanzaa'nın dünya çapında kutlandığını söylemektedir. Lee D. Baker sayının 12 milyon olduğunu söylemektedir.

Başkan George W. Bush'un 2004 2004 Başkanlık konuşmasında: Kwanzaa 2004 , birçok önceki mesajlarda olduğu gibi, Kwanzaa sırasında, "milyonlarca Afro-Amerikan'ın ve Afrikalılar'ın torunlarının miraslarını ve atalarını anmak için toplandığını" söylmiştir.

İlkeleri
Kwanzaa'nın yedi gününden her biri bu ilkelerden birine adanmaktadır. Kelimelerin orijinali swahili dilindedir. Bu ilkeler;

 Umoja (Unity - "Birlik")
 Kujichagulia (Self-Determination - "Özgür irade")
 Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility - "Dayanışma ve sorumluluk")
 Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics - "Müşterek iktisat")
 Nia (Purpose - "Amaç")
 Kuumba (Creativity - "Yaratıcılık")
 Imani (Faith - "İnanç")

Kutlama
Kwanzaa 'yı kutlayan aileler, evlerini sanatsal eşyalarla süsler, renkli Afrika kıyafetleri giyer (kadınların giydiği kıyafetler Uwole'''dir) ve Afrikalı idealizmini temsil eden taze meyveler yer. Geleneksel olarak çocuklar da bu törenlere katılır ve atalarına saygı ve şükranlarını sunar. "İçilen içkinin bir kısmının tanrının şerefine yere dökülmesi" anlamına gelen "libations" işlemi de hep birlikte ve genellikle tek bir kadehle yapılır.

 Kaynakça ve notlar

 Dış bağlantılar
 Kwanzaa hakkında her şey  (Uluslararası Kwanzaa Değişimi "TIKE")
 "Kwaanza'nın hikâyesi" (The Dartmouth Review'', 15 Ocak, 2001)
 The History Channel: Kwanzaa
 Afrikan Amerikalıların bayramı; Kwanzaa nedir? (Amerika Bülteni)

Afrikalı Amerikan kültürü
Millî bayramlar
Aralık'ta belirli gün ve haftalar
Afrikalı Amerikanlar ve din
Black Power
1966'da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kurulan oluşumlar

Kwanzaa


Íslam í Moldóvu er iðkun íslams í Moldóvu, íslam er minnihlutatrú í Moldóvu. Mikill meirihluti Moldóvu þjóðarinnar er rétttrúnaðar kristnir, en lítið samfélag múslima er í Moldóvu, sem telur nokkur þúsund.

Árið 2005 var Andlegum samtökum múslima í Moldóvu undir forystu Talgat Masaev neitað um skráningu þrátt fyrir áfrýjun sendinefndar til Moldóvu Öryggis- og samvinnustofnunar Evrópu.

Í mars 2011 var Íslamska bandalagið í Moldóvu (Liga Islamică din Moldova), félagasamtök sem eru fulltrúi múslima í Moldóvu, skráð af moldóvska dómsmálaráðuneytinu sem fyrstu löglegu viðurkenndu samtök múslima í Moldóvu. Það hafði sótt um skráningu árið 2008.

Rétttrúnaðarkirkjan í Moldóvu var á móti viðurkenningu á íslam og tók þátt í mótmælum með íhaldssömum hópum.

Frá og með 2011 voru opinberlega aðeins 2.000 múslimar í Moldóvu. En yfirmaður íslamska bandalagsins í Moldóvu, Sergiu Sochirca, sagði að fjöldinn væri nær 17.000, þó að þeir hafi ekki allir verið skráðir sem múslimar vegna kúgunar íslams í fortíðinni.

Tengt efni
 Íslam
 Íslam í Evrópu
 Íslam á Íslandi
 Evrabía

Tilvísanir

Íslam í Evrópu

Íslam í Moldóvu


An Pleione saxicola in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tang, Fa Tsuan Wang ngan Sing Chi Chen. An Pleione saxicola in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pleione, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pleione (Orchidaceae)

Pleione saxicola


USS Pasadena was a  light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier s, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve  guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve  dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of .

Design

The Cleveland-class light cruisers traced their origin to design work done in the late 1930s; at the time, light cruiser displacement was limited to  by the Second London Naval Treaty. Following the start of World War II in September 1939, Britain announced it would suspend the treaty for the duration of the conflict, a decision the US Navy quickly followed. Though still neutral, the United States recognized that war was likely and the urgent need for additional ships ruled out an entirely new design, so the Clevelands were a close development of the earlier s, the chief difference being the substitution of a two-gun  dual-purpose gun mount for one of the main battery  gun turrets.

Pasadena was  long overall and had a beam of  and a draft of . Her standard displacement amounted to  and increased to  at full load. The ship was powered by four General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Rated at , the turbines were intended to give a top speed of . Her crew numbered 1285 officers and enlisted men.

The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve 6 in /47 caliber Mark 16 guns in four 3-gun turrets on the centerline. Two were placed forward in a superfiring pair; the other two turrets were placed aft of the superstructure in another superfiring pair. The secondary battery consisted of twelve  /38 caliber dual-purpose guns mounted in twin turrets. Two of these were placed on the centerline, one directly behind the forward main turrets and the other just forward of the aft turrets. Two more were placed abreast of the conning tower and the other pair on either side of the aft superstructure. Anti-aircraft defense consisted of twenty-four Bofors  guns in four quadruple and four double mounts and twenty-one Oerlikon  guns in single mounts.

The ship's belt armor ranged in thickness from , with the thicker section amidships where it protected the ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. Her deck armor was  thick. The main battery turrets were protected with  faces and  sides and tops, and they were supported by barbettes 6 inches thick. Pasadenas conning tower had 5-inch sides.

Service history

The keel for Pasadena was laid down at the Fore River Shipyard on 6 February 1943. She was launched of 28 December, and was commissioned on 8 June 1944. After entering service, she carried out a shakedown cruise and initial training into September, before departing on 25 September to join American naval forces fighting in the Pacific Theater of World War II. She reached the Navy's forward operating base at Ulithi in mid-November, where she joined the Fast Carrier Task Force, then designated Task Force 38. Pasadena operated as part of the screen for the task force's aircraft carriers as they carried out a series of strikes against Japanese targets in the Philippines and Formosa to support the Philippines campaign. These operations carried on into 1945, and in January, the unit entered the South China Sea to strike Japanese installations in French Indochina and Formosa. Attacks on Japan itself followed in February, and then the carriers turned their attention to the invasion of Iwo Jima later that month. During the battle on that island, Pasadena took part in shore bombardment operations to support the marines fighting to secure it.

The Fast Carrier Task Force then returned to Ulithi to replenish stores and take on munitions before getting underway again in mid-March to begin the preparatory attacks on Okinawa in advance of the invasion of that island. These included air raids on the northern Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan to neutralize forces that would interfere with the planned landings. During this period, Pasadena served as the flagship of Cruiser Division 17, which carried out night bombardments of Minami Daito on 28 March and 10 May. Operations off Okinawa to support the forces that had gone ashore in April continued through the end of May, and in June, the Fast Carrier Task Force withdrew to Ulithi for another period of rest and replenishment. The ships sortied once again in early July to begin another round of attacks on the Japanese home islands; these attacks continued until mid-August, stopping only on 15 August when Japan indicated it would surrender unconditionally. Pasadena thereafter took part in the occupation of Japan; she became the flagship of Task Group 35.1 on 23 August, and four days later she dropped anchor in Sagami Bay outside Tokyo. On 1 September, she moved to Tokyo Bay in preparation for the formal surrender ceremony that took place the following day. In her relatively brief wartime career, Pasadena was awarded five battle stars.

Pasadena remained in Tokyo Bay through mid-January 1946, helping to oversee the occupation of the Japanese capital. She was recalled home on 19 January for an overhaul in San Pedro, California. After she emerged from the shipyard, she took part in training exercises in the area until September, when she sailed back to the central Pacific. She took part in divisional training exercises in Micronesia from November 1946 to February 1947, followed by fleet maneuvers off Hawaii, before returning to California. The year 1948 began with training maneuvers off California, followed by an NROTC training cruise. She made another voyage to East Asia on 1 October, which included a visit to Qingdao, China, at the end of the month. She patrolled off the Chinese coast until May 1949, when she once again returned to California, arriving on 1 June. Over the following months, she took part in training exercises in the area before going to sea for the last time on 12 September, bound for Bremerton, Washington, where she was laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She was formally decommissioned on 12 January 1950. She remained there until 1970. She was stricken from the naval register on 1 December that year and thereafter discarded.

Footnotes

Notes

Citations

References

External links

 USN Ships--USS Pasadena (CL-65)—Online Library of Selected Images, Naval Historical Center

Cleveland-class cruisers
World War II cruisers of the United States
Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts
1943 ships

USS Pasadena (CL-65)


Jejunum, daha çok memeliler,sürüngenler ve kuşlar gibi omurgalı hayvanlarda bulunan ince bağırsağın orta kısmıdır. Balıklarda ince bağırsağın bölümleri belirgin değildir ve jejunum terimi yerine orta bağırsak terimi kullanılır. Jejunum duodenum ile ileum arasındadır. Yetişkinlerdeki ince bağırsak ortalama 5,5-6 m uzunluğundadır. Bunun 2,5 m'si jejunumdur. pH seviyesi 7 ile 8 arasındadır. Jejunum ve ileum, karın içerisinde hareketlilik sağlayan mesenter zarıyla asılır. Ayrıca peristaltizm olarak da bilinen, yiyeceklerin bağırsak boyunca ilerlemesine yardım eden düz kaslar tarafından da sarılır.

İç Yapısı
Jejunumun iç yüzeyi, kullanılabilir bağırsak iç yüzeyini artırarak bağırsak içeriği absorbsiyonunu artıran bir katmana sahiptir. Bu görevi yapan bağırsak villuslarıdır.Jejunum ve ileum ile epitel hücreleri arasında besin taşınması, fruktoz şekerlerinin pasif transportunu ve amino asitlerin, küçük peptitlerin,vitaminlerin ve büyük yapılı glikozların aktif transportunu kapsar.

Etimoloji
Jejunum "aç olan" anlamına gelen jejune sıfatından gelmiştir.

İlâve Resimler

Kaynakça

Sindirim sistemi

Jejunum