Tolyatti (, ), also known as Togliatti, formerly known as Stavropol (1737–1964), is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population:

The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada), where it was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964. For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States - the spiritual home of the American automotive industry).

History
Tolyatti was founded in 1737 as a fortress called Stavropol () by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev. Informally it was often referred as Stavropol-on-Volga (, Stavropol-na-Volge) to distinguish from Stavropol, a larger city in southwest Russia, although Stavropol-on-Volga was never its official name.

The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which flooded the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site.

In 1964, the city was chosen as the location of the new VAZ automobile plant: a joint venture between Fiat and the Soviet government. It was then renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party, who had been instrumental in setting up the venture with Fiat). Much of the modern city was constructed in the 1960s to house the workers of the factory, and today, AvtoVAZ dominates the economy of the city.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tolyatti serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="Ref278">Charter of Samara Oblast</ref> As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti is incorporated as Tolyatti Urban Okrug.

City divisions
For the administrative purposes, the city is divided into three districts:
Avtozavodsky (), also called Novy Gorod (literally New City), is the most modern; it was designed to host the workers of the city's AvtoVAZ factory, home of the Lada car;
Tsentralny (), also called Stary Gorod (lit. Old City), home of the city government and industrial center;
Komsomolsky (), the oldest district, built to house Hydroelectrical Plant builders.

Economy

The city's main claim to fame has been automobiles Lada (Zhiguli) manufactured by AvtoVAZ car plant employing some 110,000 people: in cooperation with Italy's Fiat since 1970, with General Motors since 2001 and with the Renault-Nissan Alliance since 2012, and once again becoming an independent, state-owned enterprise in 2022.

Other industries have moved into Tolyatti because it is close to abundant supplies of electricity and water. Petrochemicals are well represented in the city. Among the significant enterprises based there are "TogliattiAzot" (Russia's biggest ammonia manufacturer headed by Sergei Makhlai) and "KuibyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturer and Russia's biggest caprolactam and polyamide producer). Other industries include building materials production, ship repair and electrical equipment and electronics.

In 2011 the Tolyatti Special Economic Zone was launched in order to develop the region further and diversify the economy of the city. Several auto-component producers (German Mubea and Japanese Sanoh among them) have since been registered, as well as large industrial manufacturers (Praxair and Edscha). By November 2012 the value of project investment totalled 10 billion Rubles and around 3000 jobs were being created.

Transportation
The transport system is well developed in the city. Public transport includes municipal buses and trolley-buses, and so-called "alternative" (commercial) transport or marshrutkas.

External transport routes are provided by two bus stations, two railway stations and a city harbour. Tolyatti has its airport as well, but it is used by personal aircraft only (the nearest international airport, Kurumoch, is located 40 km away, towards Samara). The city is linked to the federal road network by the M5 "Ural" highway.

Culture, education, and sports

The creation of the Kuybyshev Reservoir in the 1950s destroyed much of the city's history, so almost all the city's cultural points of interest date from the Soviet period, but the city administration has continued to build new monuments and cathedrals. A recent notable event was the 1998 opening of the large Tatishchev Monument near the Volga. The Transfiguration Cathedral was completed in 2002.

Education
Education is represented by over one hundred public and ten private schools, as well as several higher education institutions. Most notable ones include:
Togliatti State University ()
Volga Region State University of Service ()
Tatishchev University of Volga ()
Togliatti Academy of Management ()

Museums
AvtoVAZ Technical Museum
Tolyatti museum of local lore

Sports
In the eyes of the Soviet leaders, Tolyatti was a perfect Soviet city (since most population migrated here during the construction of AvtoVAZ factories) – many sports facilities appeared so that the "perfect Soviet person" could be healthy. The city has high-quality sports facilities: gymnasiums, swimming pools, ice arenas, association football and racing stadiums — as a result, many athletes, including Olympic Champion Alexei Nemov, Stanley Cup winners Alexei Kovalev and Ilya Bryzgalov had moved to Tolyatti. Former Montreal Canadiens defenseman Alexei Emelin, and former Washington Capitals winger Viktor Kozlov and defenseman Alexei Tezikov were born there. Daria Kasatkina, a professional tennis player, was born there.

Tolyatti is represented in almost every kind of team sports. Tolyatti's Lada-sponsored Ice Hockey Club broke the Moscow teams' domination of the game. The Lada women's football team has won the Russian championship several times — and the Lada women's handball team, who are the Russian and European Champions, is the core for Russian national women's handball. Men's football (FC Lada Togliatti and FC Togliatti), basketball, speedway and handball teams also take part in national championships. As for the traditional national sport of Russia, bandy, there is a team founded in 2013, TOAZ, which however only takes part in a recreational league.

Parks and monuments

Tolyatti has many parks, and many of these contain monuments of cultural, historical, and aesthetic interest. Examples include Victory Park with its Victory Monument and other monuments, Liberty Square with its Obelisk of Glory and other monuments, Central Park with its Mourning Angel (a memorial to victims of Soviet repression), large statue of Lenin, and other monuments, and other parks.

And there are other monuments outside the parks. The City Duma has been energetic in creating or designating historical and cultural monuments, ranging from the colossal equestrian Tatishchev Monument to the tumbledown Repin House and a monument to a faithful dog, and many other types.

Media
There are a number of local newspapers published in Tolyatti: Ploshchad Svobody, Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye (Tolyatti Observer), business newspaper "Monday" ("Ponedelnik"), Volny Gorod, Gorodskiye Vedomosti, and a few others. In the end of the 1990s, Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye'' published a series of articles on a local crime group. The stories drew attention to the group's connections with the local police. Subsequently, Togliatti Review saw two of its editors (Valery Ivanov and Alexei Sidorov) killed in 2002–2003.

The only local-born FM-band radio station is Radio August () at 70.64 and 102.3 MHz.

Religion
Tolyatti is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious city. Most religious people in the city are of the Orthodox Christian faith. Muslims are the second largest group of believers. Also in the city are organizations of almost all major religions: Old Believers, Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Buddhists and others.

Crime

October 2007 bomb attack
During the morning rush hour of 31 October 2007, a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in the city, killing at least eight people and injuring about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor's office, said could be a terrorist attack. At the beginning of the investigation, it was believed to be the work of terrorists from the North Caucasus. Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov. However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in the blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.

Organized crime
The city also has a reputation for gang violence.

Violent crimes
The city has witnessed a mafia killing spree: there have been 550 commissioned killings in Tolyatti over 1998–2004, five of those murdered were journalists.

Three chief architects of Tolyatti were victims of violent crimes: Valery Lopatin was shot to death on July 7, 2004, Mikhail Syardin and Aleksander Kiryakov were also injured in violent attacks.

A former city mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin (), was murdered on November 15, 2008.

On December 13, 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker of Duma of Samara Oblast, a former head of administration of Tsentralny City District of Tolyatti in 1991-1997 and Tolyatti mayor candidate in 2004, was attacked on a street and left with serious head injuries. He died in hospital on February 24, 2009.

Corruption
The city's mayor in 2000–2007, Nikolay Utkin (), was sentenced to seven years in prison on corruption charges.

Local government
Mayor Antashev Sergey Alexandrovich was born on December 16, 1959, in the city of Saransk, Mordovia. In 1994 he moved to Tolyatti, was accepted to the post of director of the heating network enterprise of TEVIS. In 2000 he graduated from the International Market Institute with a degree in management. From 2000 to April 9, 2012 - Marketing Director - Energy Sales Director of TEVIS. Deputy of the Duma of the city district of Togliatti IV (from 2005 to 2009) and V (from 2008 to 2012) convocations. From April 2012 to February 2015, he served as deputy mayor of the city of Tolyatti on urban economy. On April 12, 2017, the Tolyatti City Council appointed Sergey Antashev as the mayor of the city.

On March 4, 2021, Igor Ladyka was appointed acting mayor of the Togliatti city district, in connection with the resignation of Sergei Antashev.

On April 30, 2021, Nikolai Rentz took office as head of the Togliatti city district. The inauguration ceremony was attended by the Governor of the Samara Region Dmitry Azarov.

Twin towns – sister cities

Tolyatti is twinned with:

 Flint, United States
 Futian (Shenzhen), China
 Kazanlak, Bulgaria
 Luoyang, China
 Nagykanizsa, Hungary
 Piacenza, Italy
 Wolfsburg, Germany
 Mingachevir, Azerbaijan

Partner cities
 Le Havre, France
 Novo Mesto, Slovenia

Notable people

Bo Andersson, (born 1955), CEO of AvtoVAZ
Varvara Bakhmeteva (1815–1851), Mikhail Lermontov's love interest and muse
Vasily Banykin (1888–1918), chairman of the executive committee of the city after the October Revolution
Artyom Dubinin (born 1989), professional ice hockey player
Denis Gurianov (born 1997), ice hockey player
Daria Kasatkina (born 1997), professional tennis player
Valentina Stupina, (1920–1943), pilot
Vasily Tatishchev (1686–1750), founder of the city
Alexei Nemov, (born 1976), olympic champion in artistic gymnast

Gallery

Notes

References

Sources

External links

Official website of Tolyatti
Official website of Tolyatti
Interactive map of Tolyatti
Togliatti State University
Togliatti Academy of Management
Volga Region State University of Service
Volzhsky University after V.N. Tatischev
Ploshad Svobody
Togliatti Review
Volny Gorod
Gorodskiye Vedomosti
Radio August
Виртуальный Тольятти
Information server TLTnews.net
Главная страница
TLT.ru - Новости Тольятти | Городской информационный портал
Soviet postcards: Togliatti, die Autostadt

Stavropolsky Uyezd (Samara Governorate)
Populated places on the Volga
Monotowns in Russia
Populated places established in 1737
1730s establishments in the Russian Empire

Tolyatti


NGC 5834 est un amas globulaire situé dans la constellation du Loup à environ  a.l. (32.0 pc) du Soleil et à environ  a.l. (26.3 pc) du centre de la Voie lactée. Il a été découvert par l'astronome écossais James Dunlop en 1826. Cet amas globulaire a aussi été observé par l'astronome britannique John Herschel le  et il a été inscrit au New General Catalogue sous la désignation NGC 5824.

Selon une étude publiée en 2010, la métallicité de NGC 5834 (NGC 5824 dans l'article) est égale à -1,60 [Fe/H] et son âge à 12,80 milliards d'années.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du NGC

Liens externes

NGC 5834 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

Amas globulaire
Constellation du Loup
5834
Objet céleste découvert en 1826
Objet céleste découvert par James Dunlop

NGC 5834


القبيلة السرمقاوية  هي قبيلة نباتية تتبع الفصيلة القطيفية من رتبة القرنفليات.

أجناس
 السرمق
 العانوبة

مراجع

سرمقاوية
سرمقاوية

سرمقاوية


Bir Rüya İçin Ağıt (İngilizce: Requiem For A Dream); 1978 tarihli Hubert Selby Jr.'ün romanından, 2000 yılında sinemaya uyarlanan, yönetmenliğini Darren Aronofsky'nin yaptığı ve başrollerini Ellen Burstyn, Jennifer Connelly, Marlon Wayans ve Jared Leto'nun paylaştığı bir trajedi filmidir. Ellen Burstyn bu film ile 2000 Akademi Ödülleri En İyi Aktris ödülüne aday olmuştur.

Konusu

Uyuşturucu bağımlısı bir genç, televizyon bağımlısı annesi ve aralarında günden güne yükselen bir uçurum... Uyuşturucu batağı içerisindeki Harry'nin hayattaki tek amacı daha fazla uyuşturucuyken; umutsuz annesini hayata bağlayan tek şey en sevdiği yarışma programıdır. Bir gün bu yarışmaya katılmaya hak kazandığında tek derdi, ödül olan kırmızı elbiseye girebilmek olacaktır. Yaşlı ve mutsuz kadın zayıflama hapları kullanmaya başlar.

Oyuncular

Film müzikleri

Filmde kullanılan müzikler, Clint Mansell ve Kronos Quartet tarafından derlenmiştir. Albümdeki parçalar çeşitli haber bültenlerinde ve bazı diğer filmlerin fragmanlarında kullanılmaktadır. "Winter: Lux Aeterna" müziği, Da Vinci Şifresi ve Yüzüklerin Efendisi filmlerinin fragmanlarında kullanılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 IMDB Sayfası
 Toy Story 2: Requiem - mashup of Toy Story 2 and Requiem for a Dream
 Film müzikleri

Madde bağımlılığı teması içeren filmler
Trajedi filmleri
Darren Aronofsky'nin yönettiği filmler
Summit Entertainment filmleri
Artisan filmleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri romanlarından uyarlanan filmler
Protozoa Pictures filmleri
Darren Aronofsky'nin senaryosunu yazdığı filmler
Clint Mansell'in müziğini yaptığı filmler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri psikolojik dram filmleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bağımsız filmleri
Televizyon ile ilgili filmler
2000 çıkışlı bağımsız filmler
2000'lerde İngilizce filmler
2000 çıkışlı dramatik filmler
Artisan Entertainment filmleri
2000'lerde psikolojik dram filmleri

Bir Rüya için Ağıt


Un Franco, 14 pesetas est un film espagnol réalisé par Carlos Iglesias, sorti en 2006.

Synopsis
Dans les années 1960, deux Espagnols, Martín et Marcos s'installent en Suisse pour travailler, laissant leurs familles au pays. Chacun rencontre une femme sur place.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Un Franco, 14 pesetas
 Réalisation : Carlos Iglesias
 Scénario : Carlos Iglesias
 Musique : Mario de Benito
 Photographie : Tote Trenas
 Montage : Luis Manuel del Valle
 Production : Susana Maceiras
 Société de production : Adivina Producciones
 Pays :
 Genre : Comédie dramatique
 Durée : 102 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Carlos Iglesias : Martín
 Javier Gutiérrez Álvarez : Marcos
 Nieve de Medina : Pilar
 Isabel Blanco : Hanna
 Iván Martín : Pablito
 Tim Frederic Quast : Pablo
 Eloísa Vargas : Luisa
 Aldo Sebastianelli : Tonino
 Ángela del Salto : Mari Carmen
 Fely Manzano : Amalia
 Iñaki Guevara : Alberto
 Isabelle Stoffel : Erika
 Raúl Pazos : Lorenzo
 Miguel de Lira : Gallego
 Carmen Rossi : Paz
 José Cantero : Julian
 Marta Puig : Gloria
 Carmen Luna : Simona
 Martín Mujica : Guillermo
 Juan Jesús Valverde : Anselmo

Distinctions
Le film a été nommé au prix Goya du meilleur nouveau réalisateur.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film espagnol sorti en 2006
Comédie dramatique espagnole
Film sur l'immigration
Film se déroulant en Suisse
Film se déroulant dans les années 1960
Premier long métrage sorti en 2006

Un Franco, 14 pesetas


Das St.-Peters-Stift war ein reichsunmittelbares Stift auf dem Petersberg östlich der Altstadt von Goslar. Es bestand von der Mitte des 11. bis zum 15. Jahrhundert. Bei den Goslarer Unruhen 1527 wurden die Gebäude zerstört, im 18. Jahrhundert das restliche Mauerwerk als Baumaterial abgetragen.

Geschichte
Das Petersstift wurde 1045 – zur selben Zeit wie das Pfalzstift St. Simon und Judas – von Agnes von Poitou, der Frau Heinrichs III., gegründet. Nach einer Legende wollte sie damit sowie mit der Einrichtung der  Einsiedelei am Klusfelsen ein ungerechtfertigtes Todesurteil sühnen. Der Kaiser privilegierte die Stiftung.

In den folgenden Jahrhunderten blühte das Petersstift materiell und geistlich-kulturell. Mehrere seiner Pröpste stiegen zu höchsten Ämtern in Kirche und Reich auf. Die Stiftskirche wurde zu einer mächtigen Basilika mit Westwerk, Querhaus und Vierungsturm ausgebaut. Um die Wende zum 15. Jahrhundert traten jedoch Rückgang und Verfall ein. Franziskaner aus der Stadt, die die Gebäude 1422 übernahmen, konnten den Prozess nicht aufhalten. Im Jahr 1500 ging die Vogtei des Stifts an die Stadt Goslar über. Damit hatte es rechtlich aufgehört zu existieren.

Angesichts der Bedrohung Goslars durch Heinrich II. von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel im Jahr 1527 ließ der Rat neben dem Georgsstift, dem Heilig-Grab-Kloster und der St.-Johannes-Kirche auch das ebenfalls strategisch günstig gelegene Petersstift abtragen. Da im Jahr zuvor die Reformation eingeführt worden war, kam es nicht mehr zu einem Wiederaufbau.

Nach dem großen Stadtbrand vom 26. April 1728 wurde die Ruine als Steinbruch vor allem für den Neubau der Stephanikirche genutzt und verschwand schließlich spurlos.

Ab 1871 führte Adelbert Hotzen Grabungen und Vermessungen auf dem Petersberg durch und erstellte einen Lageplan der Gebäude. Die Mauerreste im Erdreich wurden gesichert und zeigen den Grundriss der Kirche.

Weblinks

 Informationen zur Geschichte

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliges Franziskanerkloster in Niedersachsen
Goslar
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Kirchengebäude in Goslar
Goslar
Goslar
Erbaut im 11. Jahrhundert
Zerstört im 16. Jahrhundert
Abgegangenes Bauwerk in Niedersachsen
Geschichte (Goslar)
Kloster (11. Jahrhundert)
Baudenkmal in Goslar

St.-Peters-Stift (Goslar)


Roberta Floris  née le  à Cagliari  est une journaliste, présentateur de télévision et ancien modèle italienne.

Biographie
Roberta Floris est née le  à Cagliari dans Sardaigne (Italie), du père Giorgio Floris et de la mère Caterina Placco et est la troisième de trois filles: dont l'une s'appelle Rosanna. À ne pas confondre avec le cousin homonyme, Roberta Floris (épouse de l'acteur Lorenzo Flaherty et fille du sénateur Emilio Floris), et toutes deux sont les petites-filles de l'homme politique et syndicaliste Mario Floris.

Carrière
Roberta Floris a fréquenté le lycée du Liceo classico Giovanni Maria Dettori à Cagliari. En 1998 après avoir terminé ses études secondaires et obtenu un diplôme, il décide de s'inscrire en droit à la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Cagliari, obtenant son diplôme avec une thèse intitulée Un droit constitutionnel à une télévision de qualité. Inscrite au registre des journalistes de Sardaigne dans la catégorie professionnelle, à partir du 19 juin 2014, elle devient journaliste professionnelle.

En 1997, elle a participé au concours de beauté Miss Italie, où elle s'est classée quatrième.

En 2008, après diverses expériences télévisuelles, il commence à travailler en Sardaigne comme journaliste sur TG1 pour la chaîne régionale Sardegna Uno, où il anime et prépare l'actualité; signature de prestations approfondies; il édite une chronique hebdomadaire et collabore à la réalisation des émissions d'information, d'économie et de politique du journal. En raison des résultats obtenus au cours de l'année, l'équipe éditoriale de Sardegna Live a décidé d'inclure Roberta parmi les candidats au Sardegna Live Award dans la catégorie Il Sardo de l'année 2018.

En 2012, il s'installe à Rome, commence sa carrière nationale et commence à travailler pour un radiodiffuseur national privé, dans lequel il occupe le poste de chef du secteur institutionnel, s'occupant de l'espace d'information d'une chaîne numérique terrestre, s'occupant du domaine de l'impression et collaborer à l'organisation d'événements liés au monde des communications.

Plus tard, il participe au cours de formation pour journalistes professionnels, organisé par l'Ordre national. Il écrit des articles sur des questions socio-économiques, culturelles et touristiques, coordonne et anime des débats.

En 2013, elle a été choisie pour diriger la présentation publique du Saint-Père, le pape François, à l'occasion de la visite pastorale en Sardaigne. La même année, il a commencé à travailler à l'Autorité des garanties des communications, au sein du cabinet du commissaire aux infrastructures et aux réseaux, Antonio Preto.

En 2016, il a remporté le Pentapolis Award dans la catégorie Journalistes pour la durabilité. Le 19 septembre 2018, elle a été interviewée par Gigi Marzullo dans l'émission Sottovoce, diffusée sur Rai 1. En 2017 et 2018, elle a travaillé comme présentatrice et correspondante dans l'équipe éditoriale de TGCOM24. En 2018 et 2019, elle a animé TG4 diffusé sur Rete 4 et plus tard de 2019 à 2021, elle a dirigé Studio Aperto diffusé sur Italia 1. En même temps , en plus de diriger le Studio Aperto, elle a également tenu le rôle de correspondante.

En 2018, après avoir rejoint News Mediaset, elle anime une chronique TG4 intitulée L'almanacco di Retequattro sur Rete 4, avec laquelle elle alterne chaque semaine avec Viviana Guglielmi. La rubrique proposait toute une série de services dédiés à l'alimentation, au bien-être, au climat, à l'art de vivre et aux potins. Le 17 mai 2019, il a présenté la finale de la sixième édition de ContaminationLab, au théâtre Massimo de Cagliari. Le 30 juin de la même année, il crée un service pour L'arca di Noè, une chronique du TG5 diffusée tous les dimanches à 13h40 sur Canale 5. Le 28 janvier 2020, il a animé le projet Caserme Verdi à Cagliari.

À partir de 2020 elle est embauchée à la rédaction de TG5 à Rome (où elle avait déjà travaillé à la rédaction en 2015 et 2016), sous la direction de Clemente J. Mimum, où à partir de 2020 elle dirige le TG5 Prima Pagina puis à nouveau à partir de 2020, elle dirige l'édition de 8h00 de TG5, tandis qu'en 2022 il dirigeait l'édition de 13h00 du TG5 et avant cette dernière édition il dirigeait également l'édition Flash diffusée à 10h50. En plus de diriger l'actualité, elle tient également le rôle de correspondante. En 2021, il obtient le Prix Féminas dans la catégorie Communication.

En 2022 pour célébrer les trente ans d'histoire de TG5, 15 janvier elle est interviewée avec ses collègues Simona Branchetti et Susanna Galeazzi dans l'émission Verissimo diffusée sur Canale 5 sous la direction de Silvia Toffanin. Le 28 mai de la même année, il a dirigé la cérémonie de remise des prix de la troisième édition du Prix Costa Smeralda, au Palais des Congrès de Porto Cervo. Le 13 août suivant, elle revient à Porto Cervo à l'occasion des célébrations des soixante ans de la Costa Smeralda.

Programmes de télévision
 Miss Italie (Rai 1, 1997)
 TG1 (Sardegna Uno, 2008-2012)
 TG33 (ABC, 2012)
 TG4 (Rete 4, 2018-2019)
 L'almanacco di Retequattro (Rete 4, 2018)
 Studio Aperto (Italia 1, 2019-2021)
 L'arca di Noè (Canale 5, 2019)
 TG5 (Canale 5, 2020-cadeau)
 TG5 Prima Pagina (Canale 5, 2020-cadeau)
 TG5 Flash (Canale 5, 2020-2022)

Rédactions
 TG1 (Sardegna Uno, 2008-2012)
 TG33 (ABC, 2012)
 TGCOM24 (2017-2018)
 TG4 (Rete 4, 2018-2019)
 Studio Aperto (Italia 1, 2019-2021)
 TG5 (Canale 5, 2015-2016, 2020-cadeau)

Remerciements
 2016 : Pentapolis Award - Journalistes pour la durabilité
 2018 : Sardegna Live Award - Le Sarde de l'année 2018
 2021 : Prix Fèminas - Communication

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Roberta Floris au listal.com
 Roberta Floris au it.linkedin.com

Journaliste italien
Naissance en avril 1979
Naissance à Cagliari
Étudiant de l'université de Cagliari
Journaliste de télévision

Roberta Floris


Seborrhoeic dermatitis, sometimes inaccurately referred to as seborrhoea, is a long-term skin disorder. Symptoms include red, scaly, greasy, itchy, and inflamed skin. Areas of the skin rich in oil-producing glands are often affected including the scalp, face, and chest. It can result in social or self-esteem problems. In babies, when the scalp is primarily involved, it is called cradle cap. Dandruff is a milder form of the condition without inflammation.

The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include poor immune function, Parkinson's disease, and alcoholic pancreatitis. The condition may worsen with stress or during the winter. The Malassezia yeast is believed to play a role. It is not a result of poor hygiene. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms. The condition is not contagious.

The typical treatment is antifungal cream and anti-inflammatory agents. Specifically, ketoconazole or ciclopirox are effective.

The condition is most common in infants within the first three months of age or in adults aged 30 to 70 years.

Signs and symptoms

Seborrhoeic dermatitis' symptoms appear gradually, and usually the first signs are flaky skin and scalp.

Causes
The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis has not been fully clarified.

In addition to the presence of Malassezia, genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-system factors are necessary for and/or modulate the expression of seborrhoeic dermatitis. The condition may be aggravated by illness, psychological stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, change of season, and reduced general health. In children and babies, excessive vitamin A intake or issues with Δ6-desaturase enzymes have been correlated with increased risk. Seborrhoeic dermatitis-like eruptions are also associated with vitamin B6 deficiency. Those with immunodeficiency (especially infection with HIV) and with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (for which the condition is an autonomic sign) and stroke are particularly prone to it.

Climate
Low humidity and low temperature are responsible for high frequency of seborrheic dermatitis.

Fungi
The condition is thought to be due to a local inflammatory response to over-colonization by Malassezia fungi species in sebum-producing skin areas including the scalp, face, chest, back, underarms, and groin. This is based on observations of high counts of Malassezia species in skin affected by seborrhoeic dermatitis and on the effectiveness of antifungals in treating the condition. Such species of Malassezia include M. furfur (formerly Pityrosporum ovale), M. globosa, M. restricta, M. sympodialis, and M. slooffiae. Although Malassezia appears to be the central predisposing factor in seborrhoeic dermatitis, it is thought that other factors are necessary for the presence of Malassezia to result in the pathology characteristic of the condition. This is based on the fact that summer growth of Malassezia in the skin alone does not result in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Besides antifungals, the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce inflammation, and antiandrogens, which reduce sebum production, provide further insights into the pathophysiology of seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Management

Medications
A variety of different types of medications are able to reduce symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis. These include certain antifungals, anti-inflammatory agents like corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiandrogens, and antihistamines, among others.

Antifungals
Regular use of an over-the-counter or prescription antifungal shampoo or cream may help those with recurrent episodes. The topical antifungal medications ketoconazole and ciclopirox have the best evidence. Shampoo or soap containing zinc pyrithione or selenium sulfide is also used. It is unclear if other antifungals are equally effective as this has not been sufficiently studied. Antifungals that have been studied and found to be effective in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis include ketoconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, bifonazole, sertaconazole, clotrimazole, flutrimazole, ciclopirox, terbinafine, butenafine, selenium disulfide, and lithium salts such as lithium gluconate and lithium succinate. Topical climbazole appears to have little effectiveness in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Systemic therapy with oral antifungals including itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine is effective.

Anti-inflammatory treatments
Topical corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in short-term treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis and are as effective or more effective than antifungal treatment with azoles. There is also evidence for the effectiveness of calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus as well as lithium salt therapy.

Oral immunosuppressive treatment, such as with prednisone, has been used in short courses for seborrhoeic dermatitis, as a last resort due to its potential side effects.

Antiandrogens
Seborrhoea, which is sometimes associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis, is recognized as an androgen-sensitive condition – that is, it is caused or aggravated by androgen sex hormones such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone – and is a common symptom of hyperandrogenism (e.g., that seen in polycystic ovary syndrome). In addition, seborrhoea, as well as acne, are commonly associated with puberty due to the steep increase of androgen levels at that time.

In accordance with the involvement of androgens in seborrhoea, antiandrogens, such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, flutamide, and nilutamide, are highly effective in alleviating the condition. As such, they are used in the treatment of seborrhoea, particularly severe cases. While beneficial in seborrhoea, effectiveness may vary with different antiandrogens; for instance, spironolactone (which is regarded as a relatively weak antiandrogen) has been found to produce a 50% improvement after three months of treatment, whereas flutamide has been found to result in an 80% improvement within three months. Cyproterone acetate, similarly more potent and effective than spironolactone, results in considerable improvement or disappearance of acne and seborrhoea in 90% of patients within three months.

Systemic antiandrogen therapy is generally used to treat seborrhoea only in women, not in men, as these medications can result in feminization (e.g., gynecomastia), sexual dysfunction, and infertility in males. In addition, antiandrogens theoretically have the potential to feminize male fetuses in pregnant women and, for this reason, are usually combined with effective birth control in sexually active women who can or may become pregnant.

Antihistamines
Antihistamines are used primarily to reduce itching, if present. However, research studies suggest that some antihistamines have anti-inflammatory properties.

Other treatments
 Coal tar can be effective. Although no significant increased risk of cancer in human treatment with coal tar shampoos has been found, caution is advised since coal tar is carcinogenic in animals, and heavy human occupational exposures do increase cancer risks.
 Isotretinoin, a sebosuppressive agent, may be used to reduce sebaceous gland activity as a last resort in refractory disease. However, isotretinoin has potentially serious side effects, and few patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis are appropriate candidates for therapy.
 Keratolytics like topical urea
 Metronidazole
 Topical 4% nicotinamide

Phototherapy

Another potential option is natural and artificial UV radiation since it can curb the growth of Malassezia yeast. Some recommend photodynamic therapy using UV-A and UV-B laser or red and blue LED light to inhibit the growth of Malassezia fungus and reduce seborrhoeic inflammation.

Epidemiology
Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects 1 to 5% of the general population. It is slightly more common in men, but affected women tend to have more severe symptoms. The condition usually recurs throughout a person's lifetime. Seborrhoeic dermatitis can occur in any age group but usually starts at puberty and peaks in incidence at around 40 years of age. It can reportedly affect as many as 31% of older people. Severity is worse in dry climates.  Seborrhoeic dermatitis is common in people with alcoholism, between 7 and 11 percent, which is twice the normal expected occurrence.

References

External links

Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

Seborrhoeic dermatitis


La Facultad de Administración de la Universidad de los Andes es una escuela de negocios ubicada en Bogotá, Colombia. Ofrece programas de pregrado (Administración y Contaduría Internacional) y de posgrado, impartidos mayoritariamente en español, incluyendo un MBA (en modalidad de Ejecutivo, Tiempo Completo, Tiempo Parcial y Global MBA), diferentes maestrías (Mercadeo, Finanzas, Gerencia Ambiental, Gerencia y Práctica del Desarrollo e Investigación en Administración), programas de Educación Ejecutiva, especializaciones (Administración Financiera, Gestión de Riesgo y Control de Instituciones Financieras, Gerencia de Abastecimiento Estratégico, Inteligencia de Mercados y en Negociación) y un Doctorado en Administración.

La Facultad de Administración de la Universidad de los Andes es la única escuela de negocios en Colombia, y una de siete en América Latina, que está acreditada con la Triple Corona. La Triple Corona implica la acreditación por parte de las tres asociaciones de acreditación más influyentes a nivel internacional: EQUIS, AACSB y AMBA.

Historia

Universidad de los Andes

La Universidad de los Andes fue fundada el 16 de noviembre de 1948, por un grupo de personas liderado por Mario Laserna Pinzón, siendo la primera universidad privada de carácter laico de Colombia, independiente de ideales políticos y sin interés de defensa de los intereses de ningún grupo económico o social en particular.

Facultad de Administración
La Facultad de Administración de la Universidad de los Andes fue fundada en 1972, fecha en que comenzó a operar de forma independiente.Antes de esto, pertenecía a la Facultad de Economía bajo el nombre de Facultad  de Administración Industrial y Comercial.

Acreditaciones
A nivel nacional, el Programa de Pregrado en Administración de la Universidad de los Andes goza de la máxima acreditación otorgada por la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación, CNA. Esta acreditación la obtuvo en el 2002 por un periodo de nueve años.

A nivel internacional, la Facultad ha obtenido la acreditación AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), de EQUIS (European Quality Improvement System), y de AMBA (Association of Masters of Business Administration). Estas tres acreditaciones, conocidas también como "la triple corona", son consideradas como las credenciales de mayor importancia y reconocimiento entre las escuelas de negocios, lo que ubica a la facultad a la altura de las más prestigiosas escuelas de negocio del mundo.

Rankings
La Facultad de Administración de la Universidad de los Andes es considerada una "top business school" con cuatro palmas por parte de la agencia independiente de clasificación Eduniversal, siendo la única escuela de negocios de Colombia en recibir esta calificación.

Por su parte, la Universidad de Los Andes  ha estado clasificada entre las mejores 550 universidades del mundo desde 2006. En el 2006 estaba dentro de las 500 mejores universidades del mundo de acuerdo con el QS World University Rankings. Se mantuvo entre los puestos 400 y 500 hasta el año 2009. En el 2010 la Universidad se ubicó entre los puestos 500 y 550 en el mundo. Sin embargo en 2011 volvería a estar entre los puestos 400 Y 500 en el mundo ubicándose como la mejor de Colombia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Facultad de Administración Universidad de los Andes.
 Lista de las escuelas de negocios acreditadas por EQUIS
 Lista de las escuelas de negocios acreditadas por AACSB
 Lista de las escuelas de negocios acreditadas por AMBA

Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia)


Campionatul Mondial de Handbal Masculin 2015 a fost a 24-a ediție a turneului organizat Federația Internațională de Handbal și s-a desfășurat în Qatar, între 15 Ianuarie și 1 februarie 2015. Qatar a primit statutul de țară gazdă la 27 ianuarie 2011.

Tragerea la sorți
Tragerea la sorți a avut loc la 20 iulie 2014, ora 21:30, la Doha, Qatar.

Distribuție
Distribuția echipelor în cele 6 urne a fost publicată pe 11 iulie 2014.

 De la acest turneu s-a retras Bahrain și Emiratele Arabe Unite, în locul lor au fost chemate Arabia Saudită respectiv Islanda.
 Australia ar fi trebuit să participe la acest turneu, dar Consiliul IHF a decis să aloce locul rezervat acestui continent altei Federații Naționale, deoarece în prezent, în Oceania nu există o Confederație Continentală recunoscută de Federația Internațională de Handbal.Acest loc a fost ocupat de Germania.

Faza preliminară

Criterii de departajare
În cazul egalității între două sau mai multe echipe, acestea sunt departajate în funcție de următoarele criterii:
 numărul de puncte obținute între echipele în cauză
 diferența de goluri în meciurile între echipele în cauză
 numărul de goluri înscrise în meciurile între echipele în cauză
 diferență de gol în toate potrivirile din grupă
 numărul de goluri marcate în toate jocurile din grupă
 locul obținut la tragerea la sorți

Echipele clasate pe primele patru locuri din fiecare grupă se vor califica în faza superioară a competiției.

Grupa A

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Grupa B

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Grupa C

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Grupa D

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Fazele eliminatorii

Schema

Clasament

2015 în handbal
Competiții de handbal
Handbal în Qatar

Campionatul Mondial de Handbal Masculin din 2015


El Jardín Botánico de Pierre Fabre, La Michonne( en francés : Jardin botanique Pierre Fabre "La Michonne" también conocido como Conservatoire botanique Pierre Fabre) es un jardín botánico privado de 4 hectáreas de extensión, mantenido por la sociedad sin ánimo de lucro "Institut Klorane". Se encuentra en Castres, Francia.

Localización

Jardin botanique Pierre Fabre "La Michonne" Castres, Tarn, Midi-Pyrénées, France-Francia.

Planos y vistas satelitales,

Está abierto a diario en los meses cálidos del año. Le entrada es gratuita.

Historia
El jardín fue creado por Pierre Fabre, quién en 1965 adquirió "Klorane", una pequeña compañía cerca de París especializada en la manufactura de jabones, acto seguido la relanzó creando un gran acierto comercial « Laboratoires Pierre Fabre ».

En el año 1994 fue creada la sociedad sin ánimo de lucro "Institut Klorane" para ayudar al mantenimiento del medioambiente.

En el 2001 el instituto abrió al público el jardín y conservatorio en Castres, la ciudad hogar de Fabre con la misión de estudio científico, preservación de especies en peligro, y como herramienta de educación del público en general.

Colecciones
Actualmente el jardín botánico alberga más de 900 especies de plantas, agrupadas en :
 Plantas medicinales el grueso de la colección.
 Plantas cosméticas
 Plantas de cultivo como comestibles
 Invernaderos, con tres biotopos diferenciados, tropical con 120 especies, mediterráneo, árido con cactus y suculentas,
 Mansión y 5000 m² de jardín al aire libre.

El Instituto Klorane también mantiene un sendero botánico en Carla y el conservatorio botánico "Dal Mas Bosc" en Cambounet-sur-le-Sor.

Véase también
 Arboretum Pierre Fabre de Ranopiso

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Institut Klorane
 Ladépêche, "Dans le secret des plantes médicinales", 5 de mayo de 2001
 CFA Descripción de Pharma Sante description (Francés), con fotografías
 Elle Quebec, "Klorane: 40 ans de botanique"

Pierre Fabre "La Michonne"
Pierre Fabre "La Michonne"
Pierre Fabre "La Michonne"
Pierre Fabre "La Michonne"

Jardín botánico de Pierre Fabre, La Michonne


Waukon ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status "City") und Verwaltungssitz des Allamakee County im  äußersten Nordosten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Iowa. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 3.827 ermittelt.

Geographie
Waukon liegt auf 43°16′8″ nördlicher Breite und 91°28′45″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 7,6 km², die  ausschließlich aus Landfläche bestehen. Die Stadt liegt 31,5 km südlich der Grenze zu Minnesota. Das Westufer des Mississippi River, der die Grenze zu Wisconsin bildet, ist in östlicher Richtung ebenfalls rund 30 km von Waukon entfernt.

Nachbarorte sind Ludlow (12,5 km südwestlich), Decorah (28,7 km westlich), Hanover (12,5 km nordnordwestlich), Church (16,3 km nordöstlich), Elon (13 km östlich), Rossville (14,2 km südöstlich) und Postville (26,8 südsüdwestlich).

Die nächstgelegenen größeren Städte sind Iowas Hauptstadt Des Moines (354 km südwestlich), die Quad Cities (260 km südlich), Wisconsins Hauptstadt Madison (205 km östlich) und Minnesotas größte Stadt Minneapolis (287 km nordwestlich).

Verkehr
In Waukon treffen die Iowa Highway 9 und 76 sowie eine Reihe untergeordneter County Roads zusammen.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website

Gemeindegründung 1853

Waukon (Iowa)


Blaue Berge oder Eine unwahrscheinliche Geschichte, DDR-Verleihtitel Das Blaue vom Himmel, ist eine sowjetische Filmsatire von Eldar Schengelaja aus dem Jahr 1984.

Handlung
Es ist Herbst: Der Autor Soso hat eine Erzählung mit dem Titel Blaue Berge bzw. Tian Shan geschrieben und bringt das Manuskript in verschiedenen Durchschlägen zur Literatur-Behörde. Er wird erfreut begrüßt und jeder ist erstaunt, dass er sein Werk so schnell vollendet hat. Soso verteilt die Manuskripte an verschiedene Menschen, so an den Lektor Wasso, den Direktor der Behörde Wascha und den Beerenpflücker Otar. Jeden bittet er, das Manuskript so schnell wie möglich zu lesen und jeder verspricht ihm eine schnelle Durchsicht des Manuskripts.

Die Zeit vergeht und es wird Winter. Regelmäßig schaut Soso in der Behörde vorbei, doch hat sich niemand mit seinem Manuskript befasst. Die Abläufe sind zäh, jeder verspricht, das Manuskript als nächstes zu lesen, hat es gerade verborgt oder angeblich bereits halb gelesen, ohne Aussagen zum Inhalt machen zu können. Soso wird immer mutloser, zumal die Behörde selbst im Verfall begriffen ist: Seit einiger Zeit scheint regelmäßig der Boden zu schwanken und in den Wänden bilden sich Risse. Zunächst glauben alle, die vor der Behörde Motorball spielenden Jugendlichen würden zu einer Erschütterung des Hauses führen und so die Risse verursachen, doch zeigen aufwändige Tests, dass es eine andere Ursache geben muss. Vor allem Wasso ist über die Lage empört, droht ein über seinem Schreibtisch hängendes, massives Gemälde von Grönland doch jederzeit auf seinen Schreibtisch zu stürzen. Abnehmen lassen darf er das Bild jedoch nicht, weil er dafür eine Umlagerungsgenehmigung braucht, die wiederum die Unterschrift zahlreicher Vorgesetzter nötig macht.

Der Frühling geht dahin und der Sommer kommt. Soso hat während der Wartezeit auf die Besprechung seiner Erzählung herausgefunden, dass unter der Behörde ein Tunnel gebohrt wird, der zu den Rissen im Haus führt. Das Bild wird irgendwann umständlich abgenommen und stattdessen im Beratungsraum der Behörde aufgehängt. Hier diskutiert man schließlich Sosos Werk, das jedoch keiner tatsächlich gelesen hat. Zudem findet sich keines der zahlreichen Manuskripte an. Dennoch wird dem Werk attestiert, so gut wie angenommen zu sein. Bei einer anschließenden Feier fällt das Grönlandbild von der Wand und begräbt Wasso unter sich. Er wird verletzt in ein Krankenhaus gefahren und das Behördengebäude fällt schließlich in sich zusammen. Wenig später hat die Behörde ein neues Bürohaus bezogen und der Streit um den Platz des Grönlandbildes, das aus dem alten Gebäude gerettet werden konnte, beginnt erneut.

Produktion
Der Film beruht auf der Geschichte Golubyje gory von Reso Tscheischwili, der auch das Drehbuch des Films schrieb. Der Film wurde am 3. Dezember 1984 erstmals in Moskau aufgeführt. Am 20. Juni 1986 lief er in den Kinos der DDR an und war ab dem 2. April 1987 auch in den bundesdeutschen Kinos zu sehen. Am 14. Juni 2007 wurde er unter dem DDR-Verleihtitel Das Blaue vom Himmel von Icestorm auf DVD veröffentlicht.

Kritik
Der film-dienst nannte Blaue Berge oder Eine unwahrscheinliche Geschichte "eine bitterböse georgische Satire, die mit Geist und Witz die Unbeweglichkeit der bürokratischen Apparate, Spießertum, Faulheit und Schlendrian aufs Korn nimmt. Behäbig beginnend, steigert sich die Geschichte in immer ritualisierter erscheinenden Wiederholungen zur absurd-surrealen Parabel; bald ist fraglich, ob das Manuskript überhaupt existiert oder ob es lediglich rhetorischer Ausgangspunkt für eine feinsinnige, hervorragend konstruierte Reflexion über gedankliche Gleichgültigkeit und Trägheit des Menschen generell ist. "

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1984
Sowjetischer Film
Filmkomödie


is a district located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 34,262 and a density of 325.07 persons per km2. The total area is 105.40 km2.

Towns and villages

Current town
Aishō

Former towns
Aitō
Echigawa
Hatashō
Kotō

Mergers

On February 11, 2005 the towns of Aitō and Kotō merged with the towns of Eigenji and Gokashō, both from Kanzaki District, and the old city of Yōkaichi, to form the new city of Higashiōmi.
On February 26, 2006 the towns of Echigawa and Hatashō merged to form the new town of Aishō.

Districts in Shiga Prefecture

Echi District, Shiga


André Brie (13 de março de 1950; Schwerin, Alemanha) é um político alemão. Foi membro do Parlamento Europeu pelo Partido do Socialismo Democrático entre 20 de julho de 2004 e 4 e outubro de 2007 e pelo partido A Esquerda entre 5 de outubro de 2007 e 13 de julho de 2009.

Políticos da Alemanha
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

André Brie


شارع سالم المبارك يقع في منطقة السالمية، الكويت. تحديداً بعد نهاية طريق الدائري الرابع وحتى رأس السالمية (رأس الأرض). سمي بهذا الاسم نسبة إلى الشيخ سالم المبارك الصباح.

يعتبر من أهم الشوارع الحيوية في دولة الكويت حيث يضم العديد من المحلات والمقاهي والمجمعات التجارية الضخمة. أهمها :

 مجمع الفنار
 مجمع ليلى
 مركز سلطان
 ستاربكس
 مجمع البستان
 برايح سالم

كما توجد في الشارع الجامعة الأمريكية في الكويت.

وأيضاً منطقة برايح سالم.

شوارع في الكويت

شارع سالم المبارك


Makhdoom Muhammad Javed Hashmi (; born 1 January 1948), is a Pakistani politician, political realist, and a senior conservative thinker on the platform of Pakistan Muslim League (N).

After serving as a cabinet minister in the Sharif's administrations in the 1990s, Hashmi aligned himself on the realist school of international relations and was a proponent of supporting the civilian control on the federal government and the military. After the military takeover of the government in 1999, Hashmi reportedly exposed the Pakistan Army's misadventure in Kashmir with the Indian Army when he demanded to constitute the commission to investigate the events implicated front role of the President Pervez Musharraf in 2003. Briefly sentenced to the solitary confinement by the session court in 2004 over the allegations of treason, Hashmi's sentence was overturn by the Supreme Court when it declared his case hearings as mistrial on 4 August 2007. Initially supporting the impeachment movement against Pervez Musharraf with Nawaz Sharif, he drifted apart from the PML(N) to join the Imran Khan's PTI in 2011 but was ousted after disagreeing with the demonstration against the elected government, which he viewed that it had the support from the military to destabilized the elected Sharif administration in 2014.

Without political support, Hashmi lost the byelection and went on to join the PML(N) after reconciling his differences on the policy matters with the Nawaz Sharif in 2018. Besides his political career, Hashmi is a prolific writer on geopolitics and geostrategy, and is an author of geopolitical book, "Yes! I'm a Rebel, where he successfully calculated the danger of the foreign supported homegrown terrorism in Pakistan and precisely placing a prediction on Musharraf government's weakening the state of Pakistan.

Biography

Early life, education, and student politics

Javed Hashmi was born into an agriculturist family on 1 January 1948 in Multan, Punjab in Pakistan. Other sources noted his birthplace in Lahore with same date and year of birth; though, he confirmed his date of birth and year as well as birthplace on 1 January 1948 in Multan. His family was known for their participation in the Pakistan Movement and was part of the Muslim League since its inception in 1906.

After his matriculation in 1968, Hashmi went to attend the Emerson College in Multan but made a transfer to the Punjab University in Lahore in 1970, where he became involved in student politics on the platform of the Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami– a far right party. In 1969, he secured his graduation from the Punjab University with BSc. in Political Science. In 1971, he graduated with MSc in political science, and later attained MPhil in same discipline from the same institution.

In 1972, he gained public notice when he led his student organization, the Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba, in protest of government minister involved in kidnapping of two girls at the Governor's House when Governor of Punjab, Ghulam Mustafa Khar, was hosting a state dinner in honor of President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the visiting British minister. In 1974, he ultimately led strong protests in Lahore against the decision of international recognition of Bangladesh and reportedly breached all security arrangements, to appear right in front of the motorcade of the then Saudi King Shah Faisal. During this time, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto offered him to be appointed on political post at the High Commission of Pakistan in London but he denied the political appointment.

In 1978, Hashmi was taken in the Zia administration as the Minister of State for Youth and Student Affairs, and was the youngest minister at the age of 29. However, he later expressed his uncomfortableness with working with the uniform officials and soon departed from the administration where he began practicing law at the Lahore High Court while filling the role of agriculturist at his family farms.

Public service in Pakistan

Politics and ministries in Sharif administrations: 1985–1999

During the nationwide general elections held in 1985, Hashmi returned to the national politics and successfully participated for NA-149 (Multan-II) constituency on the platform of Pakistan Muslim League (PML). In 1988, he sided with the conservative faction led by its President Fida Mohammad as opposed to nationalist faction led by then-Prime Minister Mohammad Junejo. Hashmi successfully defended his NA-149 (Multan-II) constituency during the general elections held in 1988 and 1990. During this time, Hashmi was elevated as the Minister of State for Youth Affairs in the first administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.

In 1993, his name was subsequently reported in the financial scandal revealed by the Federal Investigation Agency when the agency interrogated Younis Habib, the accountant with the Ministry of Defence. He later expressed his regret and grief when he testified his acceptance of financial endowment from accountant Younis Habib in 1993.

During the general elections held in 1997, Hashmi again defended his NA-149 (Multan-II) constituency and was elevated as the Minister of Health and Minister for Environment in the second administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, and paid the state visit to Morocco in 1999. In 1998, he visited Switzerland to attend the environmental and climate change conference but immediately return to Pakistan after learning of India's nuclear tests in Rajasthan. In an attendance NSC meeting with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Hashmi became a war hawk and greatly spoke in favor of decision-making process of authorizing the nuclear weapons-testing, which eventually, Pakistan conducted out six nuclear weapons-testing in May 1998. At the session at the Parliament, Hashmi reportedly led a celebration while loudly chairing and tapping from his parliament desk: "Yes! Yes!.... We have done it.!"

His tenure was abruptly ended when then-Chairman joint chiefs General Pervez Musharraf went onto impose martial law against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1999, and was appointed as Party President of Pakistan Muslim League (N), which he tenured until 2005.

PML(N)'s presidency, dissenting, and imprisonment: 1999–2008

After the martial law against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1999, Hashmi became a vocal critic of former President Pervez Musharraf and strongly advocated for the strong civilian control of the military. In 2001–04, Hashmi reportedly appealed to the Commonwealth of Nations and the European Union to play a significant political role to restore the civilian control of the federal government in Pakistan. In 2001, an inquiry against his role in the Mehrangate scandal was opened by the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) but was unable to produce any substantial evidence against him in the accountability courts.

In 2001, Hashmi led the strong conservative demonstration against President Pervez Musharraf's geostrategy on the War on Terror that led to the U.S. invasion in Afghanistan. During this time, Shuja'at Hussain, the head of the PML(Q) supporting President Musharraf, made an unsuccessful attempt to recruiting him and Nisar Ali Khan into his faction to provide political advocacy for President Musharraf in 2002. In 2002, the PML(N) announced to participate in the nationwide general elections with Hashmi earning the combined nomination from the Opposition alliance in the Parliament for the Prime Ministership against Mir Zafarullah Jamali of the PML(Q); Hashmi later conceded his defeat in the elections due to counting of the electoral college.

On 20 October 2003, Hashmi reportedly exposed the ethical and monetary corruption in the Pakistani military when he read the letter signed by several active-duty military officers in the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi. He immediately demanded for an active criminal investigations against the chief of army staff and criticisized President Pervez Musharraf for his presidential campaign while in the military uniform. On 29 October 2003, Lt-Gen. Shahid Aziz ordered the NAB agents to detained him from the Parliament Building, and was later taken in to custody by the Military Police on charges of inciting mutiny leveled by President Pervez Musharraf. Hearings of his trials were held in the Adiala Prison and the session court at the Lahore High Court, which raised doubts among human rights groups about its fairness. On 12 April 2004, he was sentenced to 23 years in prison for inciting mutiny in the military, forgery, and defamation.

The verdict was widely criticized in Pakistan and was considered as a wilful miscarriage of justice by the Musharraf administration, and the ARD and the MMA termed this verdict to be politically motivated by the ruling junta with malicious intent, declaring him to be a political prisoner. He was transferred and held in the Central Jail Lahore where he penned and authored a critically acclaimed political book, Haan Mein Baghi Hun! (lit. Yes, I am Rebel!) where he exposed the military's intervention in the politics and the foreign relations with the United States. He also authored the Takhtaey-e-Daar Kay Saaey Talay (lit. Under the shadow of Hanging board).

On 3 August 2007, a three-member bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan under Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry granted him bail after serving approximately three and a half years in prison. On 4 August 2007, Hashmi, with among PML(N) leaders, were released but again placed under arrest at the declaration of a state of emergency on 3 November 2007

Parliamentary politics, joining and dismissal from PTI (2008–13)

During the general elections held in 2008, Hashmi successfully defended the NA-55 (Rawalpindi-VI) constituency where he notably defeated PML(Q)'s Rashid Ahmed but decided to retain his NA-148 Constituency against the wishes of Nawaz Sharif. He spoke against of the strategic partnership act offered by the United States, and released a very strong reaction on Inter Services Public Relations, which he termed the Kerry-Lugar Bill, an interference on part of Americans in country's intelligence community. He reported quoted: "if there is anything that needs to be corrected, Pakistan will do it herself. Pakistan Army should stay within its limits,... We will protect our military if it ensures playing the role assigned to it." Over the issue of the Memogate scandal that implicated the former President Asif Ali Zardari and Parliament's failure for its investigation, Hashmi reportedly Hashmi submitted his resignation from Parliament, claiming that "this parliament is a dummy and not passing real legislation" on 7 May 2011.

On 24 December 2011, Hashmi reportedly cut his ties from the PML(N) and joined the PTI and addressed a rally in support of Imran Khan in Karachi on 25 December 2011. Though, he also warned Imran Khan of his dissenting approach if Imran Khan did not deliver his party's manifesto as promised to the voters. During the general elections held in 2013, Hashmi successfully defended the NA-48 in Islamabad, and NA-149 in Multan on PTI's platform but later relinquished the NA-48 in favor of PTI's worker. He stood against Nawaz Sharif's candidacy in the National Assembly when the vote of confidence measure took place, and reportedly spoke in favor of Nawaz Sharif where he reportedly quoted in the televised conference: "Political differences aside, Nawaz is my political leader and will remain so." His views subsequently blacklashed the party and was said to be at odds with core of the leadership of the PTI, Imran Khan, the chairman, Mehmood Qureshi, Vice-chairman, and Jehangir Tarin, the Secretary-General.

On 14 August 2014, Hashmi voiced serious and irreconcilable concerns when Imran Khan decided to lead a massive protests against alleged rigging in the general elections when the decision towards the Dharna at the Constitution Avenue in Islamabad; though he decided to address the march on Khan's request. On 31 August 2014, Hashmi left the party in distraught and in anger when the Imran Khan's march attacked the media reporters and was violently moved towards the Prime Minister's Secretariat under Khan's orders. On 1 September 2014, Hashmi accused the Pakistan Army of destabilizing the civilian writ of Sharif administration and wasn't well received by Imran Khan who later issued the show cause notice which results in Hashmi leaving the PTI. The PTI later refused to accept his resignation instead Imran Khan ousted him from the party on 26 September 2014.

Joining PML(N) and political positions

On 12 May 2018, Hashmi, along with his daughter, met with Nawaz Sharif and announced to rejoin the PML(N) after reconciling the party policy differences with Nawaz Sharif. At this meeting, Hashmi spoke very high of Nawaz Sharif's services done to the country, and reportedly praised his elder daughter, Momoona, and Sharif's daughter, Mary'am, of supporting the political program of the party.

In 1987, Hashmi successfully predicted the Russian troops retreat from Afghanistan and warming of the Indo-U.S. relations at the expense of Pakistan. He reportedly disagreed with the Pakistan's policy on the Soviet Union, and called for strengthening relations with Russia.

In his book, I'm a Rebel, Hasmi is of the view towards the national conservatism and wrote a critical view on the performance military governments in Pakistan which have harmed the solidarity of his country and over dependence towards the United States for the political support for their regimes— in desperate for political legitimacy without public approvals, (military) presidents often desperately negotiate with India without formal agenda to seek peace in the region. After learning the news of the terrorist attacks in New York in 2001, Hashmi successfully calculated of imprisonment of PML(N)'s leadership and Musharraf's providing military bases to the United States invasion of Afghanistan, and calculated precisely of Indian support for terrorist organizations in the Western Pakistan. While he sided and agreed with Prime Minister Sharif's policy on India, Hashmi demanded an investigative commission against Chairman joint chiefs Gen. Pervez Musharraf over the Kargil debacle and the self-coup staged by the latter and gave strong criticism to the Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq for his attempts to control the democracy.

Personal life and health

Javed Hashmi's elder daughter, Mamoona Hashmi, is a senior leader and currently serving as the member of parliament on the PML(N)'s platform. His younger daughter, Bushra, is not active in politics. On 20 July 2010, Hashmi was hospitalised at Nishtar Hospital after he suffered Brain Hemorrhage, and his body also suffered stroke due to internal bleeding. He was later admitted at the General Hospital for minor fever. Though, his CT angiography reports came out normal.

Books
ىاں! ميں باغىى ہوں (Yes! I am Rebel), Lahore: Sagar Publications, 2005, 409 p.
تختہ دار کے سائے تلے (Under the Shadows of Gallows), Lahore: Jahangir Books Publications, 2007, 311 p.

See also

Democratic movements in Pakistan
Civilian control of the military
Civil-military relations
Khakistocracy
 Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf
General Musharraf vs. Federation of Pakistan, et al.
Post Cold War era
Conservatism in Pakistan

References

External links
 Profile by PILDAT
 Columns for Javed Hashmi at IBITIANS.com
 Personal website

Living people
1949 births
Pakistani lawyers
Pakistani political philosophers
Political realists
Federal ministers of Pakistan
Pakistani prisoners and detainees
Pakistani democracy activists
Pakistani dissidents
Pakistani political writers
Pakistani MNAs 1985–1988
Pakistani MNAs 1988–1990
Pakistani MNAs 1990–1993
Pakistani MNAs 1997–1999
Pakistani MNAs 2008–2013
Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018
Pakistani Muslims
Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs
University of the Punjab alumni
Government Emerson College alumni
Nawaz Sharif administration
Geopoliticians
Urdu-language non-fiction writers
Politicians from Multan
Presidents of the Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Javed Hashmi


Robert Pinget (Genebra,  – Tours, ) foi um escritor francês de vanguarda, nascido na Suíça, que escreveu vários romances e outras peças em prosa que foram comparadas a Beckett e outros grandes escritores modernistas. Ele também foi associado ao movimento nouveau roman.

Biografia
Robert Pinget, após concluir seus estudos de direito, trabalhou como advogado em Genebra por um ano. Ele deixou a Suíça em 1946 para Paris, onde ingressou na Escola de Belas Artes.

Em 1966, obtém a nacionalidade francesa e instala-se na Touraine, naquela a que chama a sua "casa de campo", onde escreveria a maior parte dos seus livros. Ali construiu uma torre, e inventou aquela que se considera ser a sua "última veia", ou seja, a série de "cadernos", cuja publicação se iniciou em 1982, com a publicação de Monsieur Songe, que leva o nome desta personagem envelhecida cujo Robert Pinget nunca negou que ele era uma forma de alter ego.

O trabalho

Trabalho de ficção
Para as suas obras "românticas", desde a sua entrada nas Éditions de Minuit, Robert Pinget sempre se colocou explicitamente no quadro do Novo Romance ao jogar claramente o jogo de questionamento, que caracteriza este movimento, os códigos da escrita romanesca: enredo, psicologia do personagem, contexto histórico. Os seus romances incluem, assim, sempre uma reflexão sobre a escrita em processo de realização, com um narrador que comenta a sua evolução. Mas ele completa essa reflexão expressando sua sensibilidade e autoanálise.

Trabalho dramático
A obra dramática inclui vinte obras, reunindo peças de teatro, peças de rádio e roteiros de cinema. No entanto, as distinções de gênero permanecem nebulosas, já que uma peça foi adaptada para a televisão, antes de ser retomada no teatro, e vários romances foram adaptados para o palco. No entanto, é notável que Pinget escreveu para o rádio muito cedo em sua carreira.

Registros
Robert Pinget nunca admitiu ter escrito um diário, mas os seus últimos textos, atribuídos a "Monsieur Songe" são de facto um diário escrito na terceira pessoa, "lugar de troca e confronto entre ficção e autobiografia". Ele subverte o gênero como subverteu o romance, nem minutos nem cronologia fundamentada, mas tensão entre memórias, leituras, afetos, palavras relatadas, etc.: "Temas antigos misturados com as anotações do dia. O tempo as estações. Coração inadequado. E o fio tênue de uma história sem importância que ainda se impõe, não sabemos.

Poemas
Germaine Tailleferre musicou onze de seus poemas em Pancarte pour une porte d'entrée. Eles foram executados por Mario Hacquard e Claude Collet.

Reconhecimento
Em 1962, Germaine Tailleferre de Les Six compôs onze dos poemas de Pinget em um ciclo de canções intitulado " Pancarte pour Une Porte D'Entrée" (traduzido aproximadamente como "Folheto de entrada") para voz média e piano, encomendado pela americana Soprano e Patrono das artes Alice Swanson Esty.

Uma tradução de uma de suas obras mais conhecidas, The Inquisitory (1962), foi republicada pela Dalkey Archive Press em 2003.

Citação
"Parece-me que quando você se sente atraído por um escritor, não é sua biografia que lhe interessa. Sempre me surpreendo quando abordamos um escritor com perguntas que nada ou pouco têm a ver com sua obra. Não tenho outra vida senão escrever. Minha existência está em meus livros…"— Entrevista com Louis-Albert Zbinden, Gazette de Lausanne, 4 de dezembro de 1965

Publicações

Romances

 Mahu ou le matériau, 1952, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-488-9)
 Le Renard et la Boussole, 1953, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-345-5)
 Graal Flibuste, 1956, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-490-2)
 Baga, 1958, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-548-0)
 Le Fiston, 1959, romance, Éditions L'Âge d'Homme • (ISBN 978-2-82512-685-1)
 Clope au dossier, 1961, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-492-6)
 L'Inquisitoire, 1962, romance (Prix des Critiques 1963), Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-346-2)
 Quelqu'un, 1965, romance (Prix Femina 1965), Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-347-9)
 Le Libera, 1968, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-348-6)
 Passacaille, 1969, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-086-7)
 Fable, 1971, récit, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-669-1)
 Cette voix, 1975, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-047-8)
 L'Apocryphe, 1980, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-322-6)
 Monsieur Songe, 1982, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-612-8)
 Le Harnais, 1984, carnets, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-675-3)
 Charrue, 1985, carnets, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-020-0)
 L'Ennemi, 1987, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-126-9)
 Du nerf, 1990, carnets, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-326-3)
 Théo ou Le temps neuf, 1991, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-388-1)
 Taches d'encre, 1997, carnets, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-592-2)
 Mahu reparle, 2009, romance, Editions des Cendres • (ISBN 978-2-86742-166-2)
 La Fissure, précédé de Malicotte-la-Frontière (théâtre), 2009
 Monsieur Songe, suivi de Le Harnais et Charrue, 2011, romance, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70732-158-9)
 Jean Loiseau, 2009, premier romance inédit, in Histoires littéraires no 40

Roteiro

 Clope au dossier, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1961
 Ici ou ailleurs, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1961
 Architruc, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1961
 L'Hypothèse, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1961
 Identité, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1971
 Abel et Bela, Ed. de Minuit, 1971, (Acte Sud, coll. "Répliques", 1992)
 Paralchimie, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1973
 Nuit, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1973
 Un Testament bizarre, Paris, Ed. de Minuit, 1986

Teatro

 Lettre morte, 1959
 La Manivelle, 1960
 L'Hypothèse, 1961
 Ici ou ailleurs, Architruc, L'Hypothèse, 1961
 Autour de Mortin, 1993, dialogues, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70730-489-6)
 Abel et Bela, 1961
 Identité, 1971
 Paralchimie, suivi de Architruc, L'Hypothèse, Nuit, 1973
 Un testament bizarre, et autres pièces (Mortin pas mort, Dictée, Sophisme et sadisme, Le chrysanthème, Lubie), 1986
 De rien, 1992
 L'Affaire Ducreux, et autres pièces (De rien, Nuit, Le bifteck), 1995, théâtre, Éditions de Minuit • (ISBN 978-2-70731-540-3)

Outras publicações

 Cette chose, 1967, com desenhos de Jean Deyrolle
 Gibelotte, 1994, tirinha, desenhos de Matias

Bibliografia

 Yoshinori Iwata, Ecriture et intériorité dans quatre romans de Robert Pinget, ed. Slatkine, 1997
 Jean Roudaut, Robert Pinget : Le Vieil homme et l'Enfant, Éditions Zoé, 2001
 Jérôme Lindon a réalisé (sob o pseudônimo de Louis Palomb) dois romances que podem aparecer como pastiches de Pinget, Correspondance e Réflexions, publicados por Les Éditions de Minuit, 1968.
 Denise Bourdet, Robert Pinget, in Brèves rencontres, Paris, Grasset, 1963.
 Jean-Claude Liéber (dir.) et Madeleine Renouard (dir.), Le chantier Robert Pinget : Colloque de Tours, Jean-Michel Place, 2000 (ISBN 978-2-85893-528-4)
 Dossier Robert Pinget, Histoires littéraires, no 40, 2009
 Robert Pinget: matériau, marges, écriture, éditions Manuscrits Modernes, 2011
 Robert Pinget: inédits, Revue des sciences humaines, Presses universitaires du Septentrion, no 317, 2015
 David Ruffel, L'écriture-fiction de Robert Pinget
 Eric Eigenmann et Nathalie Piégay, , Albias (Tarn-et-Garonne), Jean-Michel Place éditeur, 2022, 224 p. (ISBN 978-2-38358-005-8)
 Jean Verrier, « La traversée des médias par l'écriture contemporaine : Beckett, Pinget », Études françaises, volume 22, numéro 3, hiver 1986, p. 35–43 (lire en ligne).

Links externos

 O site oficial de Robert Pinget

 Biografia, em francês
 Um site abrangente em francês

Escritores da França

Robert Pinget


Mithat Özyılmazel (d. 1952, İstanbul) Türk müzisyen.

İlk, orta ve lise tahsilini İstanbul'da tamamladı. 1970 yılında Hürriyet Haftasonu Altınses Yarışması'nda birincilik kazanarak Hafif Batı Müziği alanında çalışmalar yaptı. Türkiye'de ilk kez sergilenen Hair Müzikali'nde, Engin Cezzar, Gülriz Süruri, Neco ve Füsun Önal'la başrol oynadı. Sanat hayatına kabare oyuncusu ve şovman olarak devam ettiği bu yıllarda bir de 45'lik plak yaptı. 1972-1974 yılları arasında vatani görevini tamamladıktan sonra, 1976'da ilk defa açılan Türk Musikisi Devlet Konservatuvarı'na öğrenci olarak girdi. Feyz aldığı hocalarından bazıları Laika Karabey, Tülin Yakarçelik, Tülun Korman, Prof. Dr. Nevzad Atlığ, Muazzam Sepetçioğlu, Faruk Timurbaş ve Sabahat Emir'dir. 1980 yılında Konservatuvar'dan mezun olup Kültür Bakanlığı İstanbul Devlet Klasik Türk müziği Korosu'na ses sanatçısı olarak girdi.

Konservatuvar'da iken Klasik Türk müziği, Halk Müziği ve Batı Müziği'ni kapsayan üç dalda konseri, İzmit Musiki Derneği hocalığı ve şefliği, Üsküdar Mithatpaşa Kız Meslek Lisesi koro şefliği, İTÜ Türk Musikisi Kulübü şef yardımcılığı gibi etkinlikleri oldu.

Profesyonel olarak sunuculuk, şiir yorumculuğu, kanun ve kudüm çalmak hobileri arasındadır. Hâlen, İstanbul Devlet Klasik Türk müziği Korosu ses san'atçısı olarak görev yapmaktadır. 1980-2000 yılları arasında İTÜ Türk Müziği Devlet Konservatuvarı'nda üslup ve repertuvar öğretim görevlisi olarak çalıştı. 1995 yılında Rumeli Türkleri Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği Türk Müziği Korosu Şefliği'ne getirildi. İstanbul Radyosu'nda belli aralıklarla ses kayıtları yapılmakta ve yayınlanmaktadır. 1997'de Türk Musikisi Vakfı Mütevelli Heyeti'ne seçildi. Bu vakfın çalışmalarına özel bir radyoda haftalık programlar yaparak katkıda bulundu. TRT Kurumu televizyonları dahil bazı özel televizyonlarda Türk Müziği ile ilgili pek çok programda sunucu olarak yer aldı.Aralıklı olarak 7 yıl İzmit Mûsiki dermeği şef ve hocalığını yaptı.

1998 yılında Türk Müziği'ni seven dostları ile kurduğu Ahenk Musiki Topluluğu ile de haftanın iki günü repertuvar çalışmaları yapmakta ve senede iki konser vermektedir. 2002 Ocak ayından itibaren, Yeditepe Üniversitesi Türk Müziği Korosu'nun şef ve hocalığını sürdürmektedir. 2006 yılında İstanbul şiirlerinin yer aldığı "CANIM İSTANBUL" adlı bir CD'si bulunmaktadır.

Sanatçı, Göşenay Batu ile evlidir.

1952 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu müzisyenler
Türk erkek şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
Türk söz yazarları
Yaşayan insanlar

Mithat Özyılmazel


(196005) Róbertschiller, denumire internațională (196005) Robertschiller, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
196005 Róbertschiller este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Piszkesteto de Krisztián Sárneczky. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,20 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 6,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 196001-197000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2002
Centura de asteroizi

196005 Róbertschiller


(8229) Kozelský, denumire internațională (8229) Kozelsky, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8229 Kozelský este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul din Ondřejov de Marek Wolf și Lenka Šarounová. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,08 ua, o excentricitate de 0,20 și o înclinație de 13,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

8229 Kozelský


Wilhelm Thomsen ist der Name folgender Personen:

 Wilhelm Thomsen (1842–1927), dänischer Sprachforscher, siehe Vilhelm Thomsen
* Wilhelm Thomsen (Mediziner) (1901–1974), deutscher Orthopäde und Hochschullehrer

Wilhelm Thomsen


Cortegana, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden en çok nüfusa sahip olan, ülkenin güneybatı köşesindeki Endülüs otonom bölgesinin 8 eyaletinden Portekiz ve Atlas Okyanusu'na kıyısı bulunan Huelva eyaletine bağlı belediyesi. Cortegana belediyesinin nüfusu, 2005 yılı nüfus sayımlarına göre 4.952 kişidir.

Cortegana


Iver Hesselberg (født 16. december 1780 på Strømsø, død 19. august 1844 i Aker) var en norsk præst og forfatter.

Kilder

Præster fra Norge
Faglitterære forfattere fra Norge
Dansksprogede forfattere fra Norge
Nordmænd i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Drammen

Iver Hesselberg (1780-1844)


Die Deutschen Meisterschaften in der Nordischen Kombination 2010 fanden am 23. und 24. Juli 2010 in Oberhof statt. Die Meisterschaften wurden über 10 km ausgerichtet.

Ergebnisse

Herren

Teamsprint

Weblinks
 Herrenergebnisliste des Deutschen Skiverbands
 Teamergebnisliste des Deutschen Skiverbands

2010
Sportveranstaltung 2010
Sportveranstaltung in Oberhof
Wintersport (Oberhof)

Deutsche Meisterschaften in der Nordischen Kombination 2010


Whitehaven er en by i Copeland-distriktet, Cumbria, England, med et indbyggertal (pr. 2015) på 23.811. Byen ligger 410 km fra London.

Referencer

Byer i England
Cumbria

Whitehaven


Lodovico Locatelli, né à Bergame en 1600 et mort à Gênes en 1657 est un scientifique italien de la Renaissance.

Biographie
Né à Bergame, il se fit une grande réputation à Milan, dans le , comme médecin-chimiste, et donna son nom à un baume dont on trouve la composition dans son ouvrage, page 204. Il parcourut toute l'Italie ; et il avait formé le projet de visiter la France et l'Allemagne, pour voir opérer les médecins-chimistes de cette époque, lorsque la guerre vint y mettre obstacle. Appelé à Gênes pour y traiter une maladie contagieuse qui faisait de grands ravages, il obtint d'abord beaucoup de succès ; mais il ne put en éviter les atteintes, et il y succomba en 1657, étant encore à la fleur de son âge. Il a laissé : Theatrum arcanorum chymicorum, sive De arte chemico-medica tractatus exquisitissimus, Francfort, 1636, in-8° ; traduit en italien sous le titre de Teatro d'arcani del medico L. Locatelli, Venise, 1644, 1667, in-8°. Locatelli fit également paraître un traité sur la peste, publié à Venise.

Notes

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Giuseppe Donzelli

Liens externes

Naissance à Bergame
Naissance en 1600
Décès à Gênes
Décès en 1657
Scientifique italien

Lodovico Locatelli


İki yanı da bilenmiş bir çeşit bıçaktır. Taşımaya elverişli olduğundan silah olarak kullanılır. Hançerlerin boyutları değişkendir. Örneğin Orta Çağ'da kullanılan bazı çeşitlerinin boyu 45 santimetreye ulaşmaktadır. Hançerler günümüzde süs eşyası olarak da kullanılmaktadır.

Ateşsiz silahlar
Antik silahlar
Bıçaklar

Hançer


Servikal spondiloz, eklem aşınması ve yırtılmasının neden olduğu boyun ağrısı.

Lateral darlıkta sinir kökü bulguları verir. Normal servikal omurilik çapı 16–17 mm'dir. 13 mm ise minimum sınırdır. 13 mm'den küçük çaplar omurilik darlığının başlangıcı sayılmaktadır.

Servikal spondilozda lordoz önce düzleşir, sonra kifoza döner. Bu, omurun tersine dönmesi anlamına gelmektedir.

İskelet hastalıkları

Servikal spondiloz


Wenzhou World Trade Center () es un rascacielos de 68 plantas situado en Wenzhou, China. La construcción del edificio comenzó en 2002 y finalizó en 2010. Con una altura de 322 m, se convirtió en el rascacielos más alto de la ciudad. El edificio fue diseñado por RTKL Associates. Está situado en el centro de Wenzhou, en la provincia de Zhejiang.
Wenzhou World Trade Center es usado como espacio de oficinas y un hotel de lujo.
Los planes originales de Wenzhou World Trade Center le daban una altura de sólo 260 m (853 ft).

Referencias

Arquitectura de China de 2010
Rascacielos de China de los años 2010
Rascacielos de China entre 300 y 349 metros
World Trade Centers

Wenzhou World Trade Center


Yolveren, Gaziantep ilinin Araban ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNET

Araban'ın mahalleleri

Yolveren, Araban


The nobiles ( nobilis) were members of a social rank in the Roman Republic indicating that one was "well known". This may have changed over time: in Cicero's time, one was notable if one descended from a person who had been elected consul. In earlier periods and more broadly, this may have included a larger group consisting of those who were patricians, were descended from patricians who had become plebeians via transitio ad plebem, or were descended from plebeians who had held curule offices.

History
The nobiles emerged after the Conflict of the Orders established legal equality between patricians and plebeians, allowing plebeians to hold all the magistracies; the state of being "known" was connected to the nobiles'''s rights to funeral masks () and actors in aristocratic funeral processions. However, the term is largely unattested to in the middle Republic, having been introduced in the late Republic as a description rather than a status. Earning such a mask required holding one of the qualifying curule magistracies.

These elections meant the republican nobility was not entirely closed. Nor in the republic did nobiles enjoy special legal privileges. In the later Republic, one who became noble was termed a novus homo (), an unusual achievement. Two of the most famous examples of these self-made "new men" were Gaius Marius, who held the consulship seven times, and Cicero. While wholly new men were rare, the political elite as a whole turned over as some families were unable to win elections over multiple generations and other families became more prominent, creating slow-moving and osmotic change.

The prestige of the nobiles was connected directly to their election to high office by the people. During the Roman Republic, the nobiles never held less than about 70 per cent of the consulships over longer periods; by the time of Cicero, the nobiles as a whole held more than 90 per cent of the consulships, a proportion "remarkably untouched by the most violent political crises". The narrowing of what made someone part of the nobiles occurred around the time of the constitutional reforms of Sulla with its "much larger senate with a proportionately smaller circle of elite senators... many new Italians in the Sullan senate, and the increased number of praetors" leading the elite to close ranks to preserve their prestige.

During the time of Augustus, a nobilis enjoyed easier access to the consulship, with a lowered age requirement perhaps set at 32. Women who descended from Augustan consuls were also regarded as belonging to the Roman nobility. The term still referred to descendants of republican and triumviral consuls, but by the Antonines, most noble families had died out; one of the last were the Acilii Glabriones who survived into the 4th century.

See alsoCursus honorumReferences
 Citations

 Sources

Further reading

 Hans Beck: Karriere und Hierarchie. Die römische Aristokratie und die Anfänge des "cursus honorum" in der mittleren Republik, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2005.
 Hans Beck: Die Rolle des Adligen. Prominenz und aristokratische Herrschaft in der römischen Republik. In: Hans Beck, Peter Scholz, Uwe Walter (eds.): Die Macht der Wenigen. Aristokratische Herrschaftspraxis, Kommunikation und "edler" Lebensstil in Antike und Früher Neuzeit, Oldenbourg, Munich 2008, 101–123.
 Jochen Bleicken: Die Nobilität der römischen Republik. In: Gymnasium 88, 1981, 236–253.
 Klaus Bringmann: Geschichte der Römischen Republik. Von den Anfängen bis Augustus. Beck, Munich 2002.
 Matthias Gelzer: Die Nobilität der römischen Republik. Teubner, Leipzig 1912.
 Karl-Joachim Hölkeskamp: Die Entstehung der Nobilität. Studien zur sozialen und politischen Geschichte der Römischen Republik im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Steiner, Stuttgart 1987, .
 Fergus Millar: The Political Character of the Classical Roman Republic, 200–151 B.C. In: Journal of Roman Studies 74, 1984, 1–19.
 R. T. Ridley: The Genesis of a Turning-Point: Gelzer's "Nobilität". In: Historia'' 35, 1986, 474-502.

Social classes in ancient Rome

Nobiles


Jóhan á Plógv Hansen (1. svibnja 1994.), ferojsko-danski rukometaš, danski rukometni reprezentativac. Sudjelovao na svjetskom prvenstvu 2019. godine.
Prvotno je nastupao za reprezentaciju Ovčjih otoka. Zbog strukture Danske Unije Kraljevstva, grenlandski i ferojski igrači mogu sami odlučiti za koju će reprezentaciju igrati. Hansen već je igrao za Ovčje otoke. Želio je igrati za Dansku. Da bi to smio, nije smio dvije godine igrati ni za koju reprezentaciju. Bivši danski izbornik Ulrik Wilbek izrazio je nadu i želju da će Jóhan Hansen promijeniti športsko državljanstvo da bi mogao zaigrati za Dansku.

Od većih reprezentativnih uspjeha izdvaja se osvajanje svjetskog naslova 2019. gdje je Danska bila jedan od suorganizatora.

Izvori

Danski rukometaši
Šport u Føroyaru

Jóhan á Plógv Hansen


Gladys Leslie (née le  à New York, morte le  à Boynton Beach en Floride) est une actrice américaine du cinéma muet. Bien que moins connue que Mary Pickford, elle tient de nombreux premiers rôles dans des films des années 1910 et 1920 et est une des vedettes de l'époque.

Biographie

Leslie commence sa carrière au cinéma en 1915, dans des courts métrages produits par la compagnie Edison Studios. En 1917, elle travaille pour la Thanhouser Company à New Rochelle (New York). La critique du New York Herald la surnomme , et décide le directeur Edwin Thanhouser à lui donner des premiers rôles.
Elle a été mariée avec l'acteur Allan Lane.

Filmographie

 1915 : Ranson's Folly
 1917 : The Vicar of Wakefield : Sophia Primrose (Thanhouser) (avec Frederick Warde)
 1917 : An Amateur Orphan: Marcia Schuyler (Thanhouser)
 1917 : When Love Was Blind
 1917 : Her Beloved Enemy
 1917 : It Happened to Adele : Adele (Thanhouser)
 1917 : His Own People : Molly Conway (Vitagraph) (avec Harry T. Morey)
 1918 : The Wooing of Princess Pat : Princess Pat (Vitagraph)
 1918 : Little Miss No-Account : Patty Baring (Vitagraph)
 1918 : The Little Runaway : Ann Acushla (Vitagraph)
 1918 : The Soap Girl : Marjorie Sanford (Vitagraph)
 1918 : Wild Primrose : Primrose Standish (Vitagraph)
 1918 : A Nymph of the Foothills : Emma Chaney (Vitagraph)
 1918 : The Mating : Nancy Fanne (Vitagraph)
 1918 : The Beloved Impostor : Betty (Vitagraph)
 1919 : Fortune's Child (Vitagraph)
 1919 : Miss Dulcie from Dixie : Dulcie Culpepper (Vitagraph)
 1919 : A Stitch in Time : Phoebe Ann (Vitagraph, réalisé par Ralph Ince)
 1919 : The Adventure Shop
 1919 : La Bande à Paulette () : Boston Fanny (Vitagraph, réalisé par Ralph Ince)
 1919 : The Girl-Woman : Belinda (Vitagraph)
 1919 : The Gray Towers Mystery : June Wheeler (Vitagraph)
 1920 : A Child for Sale (Graphic Films)
 1920 : The Midnight Bride (Vitagraph)
 1921 : Straight is the Way (Cosmopolitan) (avec Matt Moore)
 1921 : Jim the Penman (avec Lionel Barrymore)
 1921 : God's Country and the Law
 1922 : Timothy's Quest
 1922 : The Darling of the Rich
 1922 : Sisters  réalisé par Albert Capellani
 1922 :
 1922 : If Winter Comes
 1923 :
 1923 : Man and Wife (avec Maurice Costello)
 1923 :  (avec Harry Houdini)
 1925 :  (avec Mahlon Hamilton)
 1925 :  (avec Betty Balfour)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1899
Naissance à New York
Actrice américaine du muet
Décès en octobre 1976
Décès dans le comté de Palm Beach
Décès à 77 ans

Gladys Leslie