Sarajevski sporazum o ustavnim promjenama je sporazum usuglašen 27. ožujka 2002. godine. Sporazum je službeno za cilj imao provedbu odluke U-5/98 Ustavnog suda BiH iz 2000. godine (Odluka o konstitutivnosti naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini). U odluci je eksplicitno navedeno kako je konstitutivnost (ustavotvornost) tri naroda "natkrovljujuće načelo". Prije ove odluke u RS su samo Srbi bili konstitutivni, a samo Bošnjaci i Hrvati u FBiH. Za Hrvate u BiH posebno su bili pogubni Petritschevi amandmani od 19. travnja 2002. godine koji su u međunarodnoj zajednici poznati pod ciničnim nazivom "airport decision" tj. "odluka iz zračne luke" jer ih je visoki predstavnik Wolfgang Petritsch potpisao doslovno u zračnoj luci, neposredno prije svog odlaska iz BiH. Nametnuti amandmani, u potpunosti utemeljeni na odredbama Sarajevskoga sporazuma o ustavnim promjenama, de iure su dodali sva tri naroda kao konstitutivne u ustave oba entiteta, ali de facto, Republika Srpska je ostala srpski entitet, a Federacija BiH je od bošnjačko-hrvatske federacije, koja je po Washingtonskom sporazumu trebala ući u konfederaciju s Republikom Hrvatskom, postala bošnjački entitet.

Pozadina

Alija Izetbegović, u to doba predsjedatelj Predsjedništva Bosne i Hercegovine, je zahtjevom od 12. veljače 1998. godine pokrenuo postupak pred Ustavnim sudom Bosne i Hercegovine radi ocjenjivanja suglasnosti Ustava Republike Srpske i Ustava Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine s Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine. U odluci Ustavnoga suda BiH U-5/98 (Odluka o konstitutivnosti naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini) eksplicitno je navedeno kako je konstitutivnost (ustavotvornost) tri naroda "natkrovljujuće načelo" Ustava BiH.

Visoki predstavnik za Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Vijeće Europe i nekoliko zapadnih prijestolnica su od siječnja 2001. godine entitete gurkali u pravcu razmatranja i utvrđivanja ustavnih promjena neophodnih za provedbu odluke Suda. Ovaj proces uključivao je formiranje multietničkih ustavnih komisija pri entitetskim zakonodavnim tijelima, rad političkih stranaka na izradi njihovih vlastitih prijedloga, konzultacije s međunarodnim ustavnim ekspertima, period u kome se vodila javna debata, međustranačke pregovore, te, na kraju, mjesec dana intenzivnog pregovaranja u Uredu Visokog predstavnika (OHR). Pregovori su službeno za cilj imali provedbu odluke U-5/98 Ustavnog suda BiH iz 2000. godine. Prije ove odluke u RS su samo Srbi bili konstitutivni, a samo Bošnjaci i Hrvati u FBiH.

27. ožujka 2002., nakon više od 90 sati iscrpnih pregovora pod pokroviteljstvom visokog predstavnika, Wolfganga Petritscha, političari koji predstavljaju Socijaldemokratsku partiju, Stranku za BiH, Novu hrvatsku inicijativu potpisali su Sporazum o provedbi Odluke Ustavnog suda u cijelosti poznat i kao Sarajevski sporazum o ustavnim promjenama. Srpska demokratska stranka, Partija demokratskog progresa, Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata i Socijalistička partija Republike Srpske potpisali su s dvije rezerve povezane s dvije posebne odredbe.

Sporazum

Konstitutivni narodi i skupina ostalih bit će proporcionalno zastupljeni u javnim institucijama u Republici Srpskoj i Federaciji BiH, a zasnivat će se na popisu iz 1991. dok se Aneks 7 Daytonskog mirovnog sporazuma u cijelosti ne provede. Javne su institucije ministarstva u vladama Republike Srpske i Federacije BiH i vladama županija, općinski organi vlasti, županijskisudovi u Federaciji BiH, okružni sudovi u Republici Srpskoj, te općinski sudovi u Republici Srpskoj i Federaciji BiH. Dokumentom je predviđeno da predsjednik, premijer, predsjednik parlamenta, predsjedatelj Doma i Vijeća naroda, te predsjendici Vrhovnog i Ustavnog suda i javni tužitelji i njhovi zamjenici budu iz različitih konstitutivnih naroda.

Vlada Republike Srpske sastoji se od premijera i 16 ministara, od kojih 8 iz reda srpskog naroda, pet iz reda bošnjačkog, 3 iz reda hrvatskog, a jednog ministra iz reda ostalih može imenovati premijer iz reda najbrojnijeg konstitutivnog naroda. Vlada Federacije BiH sastoji se isto od premijera i 16 ministara. Od toga osam Bošnjaka, pet Hrvata i tri Srbina, a jednog iz reda ostalih može imenovati premijer. Nakon potpunog provođenja Aneksa 7 o povratku izbjeglica najmanje 15% članova vlade mora biti iz jednog konstitutivnog naroda, 35% iz dva konstitutivna naroda, a jedan član vlade mora biti iz reda ostalih.

Vitalni nacionalni interesi podrazumjevaju ostvarivanje prava konstitutivnih naroda da budu adekvatno zastupljeni u zakonodavnim izvršnim i pravosudnim organima vlasti. U vitalne nacionalne interese prema sporazumu spadaju jednaka prava konstitutivnih naroda u procesu donošenja odluka, obrazovanje, vjeroispovijest, jezik, njegovanje kulture, tradicija i kulturno nasljeđe, teritorijalna organizacija, sustav javnog informiranja te druga pitanja koja od vitalnog interesa smatra 2/3 jednog od klubova zastupnika konstitutivnih naroda u Domu naroda, odnosno u Vijeću naroda. Vijeće naroda, koje u Republici Srpskoj uz Narodnu skupštinu vrši zakonodavnu vlast razmatra propise, ili akte koje donese  Narodna skupština, ako se odnose na ono što je definirano kao vitalni nacionalni interes.

Sastav Vijeća Naroda i Doma Naroda biće paritetan tako da svaki konstitutivni narod ima isti broj zastupnika. Najmanje osam najviše 17 zastupnika bit će iz reda jednog konstitutivnog naroda. Ostali su zastupljeni u broju koji ne prelazi polovicu predstavnika jednog konstitutivnog naroda u Vijeću naroda, odnosno Domu naroda. Sporazum propisuje da Ustavni sudovi entiteta imaju najviše po 9 članova, medju kojima su po dva iz druga dva konstitutivna naroda i jedan iz reda ostalih. Prijedlogom je predviđjeno i osnivanje vijeća za zaštitu vitalnog interesa Ustavnog suda Federacije BiH i Republike Srpske. Visoki predstavnik je konačni autoritet u tumačenju ovog dokumenta sve dok ga parlamenti entiteta u potpunosti ne provedu.

Glasovanje

Dana 18. travnja, sporazum je usvojio Dom naroda Parlamenta Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. Zastupnici HDZ-a BiH su uoči početka glasovanja o tim amandmanima, napustili dvoranu odbivši na taj način poduprijeti amandmane, koji su suglasni Sarajevskom sporazumu o ustavnim promjenama. HDZ i SDA su odbili potpisati Sarajevski sporazum.

Stranka demokratske akcije, odnosno njezini zastupnici bili su suzdržani pri glasovanju o amandmanima na ustavne promjene u Zastupničkom domu federalnog parlamenta. Bez potpore zastupnika HDZ-a i SDA, stranke vladajuće Alijanse za promjene nisu mogle u Zastupničkom domu Parlamenta Federacije BiH dostići dvotrećinsku većinu glasova potrebnu da bi amandmani bili usvojeni. Diplomatski izvori tvrdili su kako se pokušalo pridobiti HDZ i SDA da ipak prihvate ustavne amandmane sukladne Sarajevskom sporazumu.

Demokratska alijansa za promjene je naziv koalicije deset političkih stranaka (SDP BiH, Stranka za BiH, Nova hrvatska inicijativa, Bosanska patriotska stranka, Republikanska stranka, Građanska demokratska stranka, Hrvatska seljačka stranka, Stranka umirovljenika Federacije, Liberalna demokratska stranka i Demokratska stranka umirovljenika), koja je osnovana 13. siječnja 2001. želeći ubrzati provedbu reformi, koje podržava međunarodna zajednica. 12. ožujka 2001. stvorena je vlada Federacije BiH od spomenutih stranaka, resori su raspoređeni većinom među prve tri stranke. Hrvati Bosne i Hercegovine su smatrali da je Alijansa koalicija bošnjačkih stranaka jer od svih hrvatskih stranaka uključuje samo NHI i HSS, koje nisu imale niti 5% potpore hrvatskih birača (Hrvatska samouprava u Bosni i Hercegovini).

Amandmani

Visoki predstavnik za Bosnu i Hercegovinu Wolfgang Petritsch donio je 19. travnja 2002. Odluku o proglašenju amandmana na ustave Federacije BiH i Republike Srpske. Petritsch je novinarima u Sarajevu kazao kako je odluka, koju je donio u potpunosti utemeljena na odredbama Sarajevskoga sporazuma o ustavnim promjenama postignutoga 27. ožujka. Tim Sporazumom je, kazao je visoki predstvnik, postignuta potpuna suglasnost o tome kako na najbolji način provesti Odluku Ustavnog suda BiH o konstitutivnosti sva tri naroda na cijelom teritoriju države. Visoki je predstavnik objasnio kako njegova odluka praktično znači stupanje na snagu amandmana koje je 18. travnja usvojio Dom naroda Parlamenta Federacije BiH, a odbacio Zastupnički dom. Petritschevom odlukom također su izmijenjeni amandmani što ih je prije usvojila Narodna skupština Republike Srpske, čime su ujedno eliminirane odredbe kojima su bili nezadovoljni Hrvati i Bošnjaci. Petritsch je ocijenio da ustavne promjene koje će slijediti provođenjem upravo proglašenih amandmana predstavljaju povijesni iskorak za Bosnu i Hercegovinu, koji će tu zemlju znatno približiti europskim demokratskim državama.

Nastavak i vrhunac procesa ustavno-pravnoga dekonstituiranja Hrvata u BiH nakon Barryjevih amandmana uslijedio je kroz amandmane na Ustav Federacije BiH nametnute od strane OHR-a. Od 108 amandmana na Ustav FBiH, samo 39 je odobrio Parlament FBiH, a čak njih 69 su nametnuli visoki predstavnici Wolfgang Petritsch i Paddy Ashdown između 2002. i 2004. godine. Za Hrvate u BiH posebno su bili pogubni Petritschevi amandmani iz travnja 2002. godine koji su u međunarodnoj zajednici poznati pod ciničnim nazivom "airport decision" tj. "odluka iz zračne luke" jer ih je Petritsch potpisao doslovno u zračnoj luci, neposredno prije svog odlaska iz BiH. Nametnuti amandmani OHR-a na ustave FBiH i RS službeno su za cilj imali provedbu odluke U-5/98 Ustavnog suda BiH iz 2000. godine. Prije ove odluke u RS su samo Srbi bili konstitutivni, a samo Bošnjaci i Hrvati u FBiH. Nametnuti amandmani su de iure dodali sva tri naroda kao konstitutivne u ustave oba entiteta, ali de facto, Republika Srpska je ostala srpski entitet, a Federacija BiH je od bošnjačko-hrvatske federacije, koja je po Washingtonskom sporazumu trebala ući u konfederaciju s Republikom Hrvatskom, postala bošnjački entitet.

Primjer
Amandmanima tadašnjeg visokog predstavnika Wolfganga Petritscha na Ustav Federacije BiH 2002. godine, do tada federacija dvaju ravnopravnih partnera, Bošnjaka i Hrvata, postala je entitet u kojem Bošnjaci mogu preglasati Hrvate. Ovim odlukama i brojnim drugim manipulacijama i pritiscima, Hrvati su dovedeni u podređen i neravnopravan položaj u odnosu na Bošnjake u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine.

Objašnjenje
Zbog činjenice da je Bošnjaka u Federaciji BiH 70,40%, stranke koje predstavljaju bošnjačku izbornu volju uvijek mogu osigurati 2/3 većinu u Zastupničkom (donjem ili građanskom) domu Parlamenta FBiH. Nametnuti amandmani i novi, neustavni Izborni zakon omogućili su im i punu kontrolu Doma naroda (gornjega doma) PFBIH. Novi Dom naroda PFBiH je koncipiran tako da stranke koje predstavljaju bošnjačku izbornu volju, izbornim inženjeringom mogu ostvariti većinu na razini DN PFBiH, odnosno 37 od 58 zastupnika i to na način da mogu samostalno, samo bošnjačkim glasovima izabrati 12 od 17 zastupnika Bošnjačkog kluba DN, 12 od 17 Srpskog, 6 od 17 Hrvatskog te 5 od 7 zastupnika kluba nacionalnih manjina i nacionalno neopredijeljenih građana (tzv. Ostali).

Kako bi stranke koje su izraz bošnjačke izborne volje mogle preuzeti punu kontrolu nad DN PFBiH, nametnutim amandmanima nije samo promijenjen sastav klubova i broj zastupnika DN nego je promijenjena i odredba o načinu donošenja odluka u DN. Umjesto dotadašnje natpolovične većine po klubovima, kako je bilo propisano izvornim ustavom FBiH, odnosno Washingtonskim sporazumom, uvedeno je pravilo da je za imenovanje i potvrđivanje izvršne vlasti na razini Federacije BiH potrebna suglasnost samo 1/3 zastupnika (minimalno 6 od 17). Zanimljivo, točno onoliko zastupnika koliko ih se za Hrvatski klub DN, po novom Izbornom zakonu, bira u većinskim bošnjačkim županijama.

Ako bošnjački glasači odluče iskoristiti mogućnost biranja 6 zastupnika Hrvatskog kluba DN u većinski bošnjačkim županijama, hrvatski glasači nemaju nikakvu izbornu mogućnost spriječiti taj izbor. Od preostalih 11, pri tom, 6 ih se bira u mješovitim županijama, a samo 5 u većinskim hrvatskim županijama. U ostala tri kluba DN stranke s bošnjačkom izbornom bazom mogu osigurati ne samo 1/3 svojih zastupnika nego i 2/3 većinu. Bošnjački glasači u FBiH ne majoriziraju, dakle, samo Hrvate nego i Srbe i Ostale. Kontrolom oba doma Parlamenta FBiH, stranke koje predstavljaju bošnjačku izbornu volju imaju mogućnost samostalno formirati izvršnu vlast na razini FBiH (Predsjednik FBiH i dva dopredsjednika te Vlada FBiH).

Poveznice
Federalizam u Bosni i Hercegovini
Odluka o konstitutivnosti naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini
Barryjevi amandmani
Hrvatska samouprava u Bosni i Hercegovini
Demokratska alijansa za promjene
Wolfgang Petritsch
Visoki predstavnik za Bosnu i Hercegovinu
Majorizacija Hrvata u Bosni i Hercegovini

Izvori

Međunarodni ugovori


Cirsium edule, vrsta biljke iz porodice glavočika raširena od jugoistočne Aljaske do Oregona i u unutrašnjosti Idaha. To je jednogodišnja biljka koja naraste od 1 do 2 metra visine koja je nekim indijanskim plemenima na sjeverozapadu Sjedinjenih država služila kao hrana, a poznavali su je pod imenom shanataque. Lokalni narodni nazivi za nju su indian thistle i edible thistle. Jestiv je korijen i mladi izbojci. Korijen je sladak, ali sadrži inulin, pa nekim ljudima pravi probavne probleme.

Postoje dvije podvrste
 Cirsium edule var. macounii (Greene) D. J. Keil
 Cirsium edule var. wenatchense D. J. Keil

Sinonimi
 Carduus edulis (Nutt.) Greene
 Carduus hallii A.Heller
 Cirsium hallii (A. Gray) M.E. Jones
 Cnicus edulis (Nutt.) A. Gray
 Cnicus hallii A. Gray

Izvori

Osjak

Cirsium edule


Francis Alexander Hopkins (* 27. Mai 1853 in Jeffersonville, Tazewell County, Virginia; † 5. Juni 1918 in Prestonsburg, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1903 und 1907 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Francis Hopkins besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat einschließlich der Tazewell High School. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium und seiner 1874 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in Prestonsburg in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten. Gleichzeitig war er auch in der Landwirtschaft tätig. Zwischen 1882 und 1884 fungierte er als Staatsbeauftragter zur Überwachung der öffentlichen Schulen. Im Jahr 1890 war er Delegierter auf einer Versammlung zur Überarbeitung der Staatsverfassung von Kentucky.

Politisch war Hopkins Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei. Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1902 wurde er im zehnten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1903 die Nachfolge von James Bamford White antrat. Nach einer Wiederwahl im Jahr 1904 konnte er bis zum 3. März 1907 zwei Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. Bei den Wahlen des Jahres 1906 unterlag Hopkins dem Republikaner John W. Langley. In der Folge arbeitete er wieder als Anwalt sowie in der Landwirtschaft. Im Juni 1916 war Hopkins Delegierter zur Democratic National Convention in St. Louis, auf der Präsident Woodrow Wilson für eine zweite Amtszeit nominiert wurde. Er starb am 5. Juni 1918 in Prestonsburg.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1853
Gestorben 1918
Mann

Francis A. Hopkins


Maddenia  es un género de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Rosaceae. Comprende 8 especies descritas y de estas solo 4 aceptadas. La especie tipo es: Maddenia himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson.

Descripción
Se trata de árboles o arbustos, deciduos, no espinosos, dioicos. Las hojas, con estipulas grandes y persistentes, son alternas, simples, de márgenes dentados y glandulares. Las inflorescencias, terminales, están compuestas por numerosas floresqu son cortamente pediceladas y tienen brácteas tempranamente caducas, tienen el  corto. Los sépalos y los pétalos son similares. En las flores hermafroditas, hay 20-40 estambres, en 2 verticilos, rodeando un ovario mono o bilobulado, glabro, con 2 óvulos por lóculo y con el estigma discoidal. En las flores femeninas, los estambres son reducidos a estaminodios, hay 2 carpelos y el estigma es cabezudo. El fruto es una drupa, con 1 o 2 semillas, oblonga, algo aplanada y de mesocarpio delgado, carnoso y endocarpio pétreo, ovoide, trimero y de ápice agudo.

Distribución
Todas las especies del género son endémicas de China y países del Himalaya (Bután, Nepal, Sikkim).

Taxonomía
Maddenia fue descrito por Joseph Dalton Hooker & Thomas Thomson y publicado en Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. 6, p. 381, en el año 1854.
Etimología
Maddenia: en honor del Major E. Madden pour sa contribución a la botánica de las regiones himalayenses.

Especies aceptadas
Maddenia himalaica Hook.f. & Thomson
Maddenia hypoleuca Koehne
Maddenia hypoxantha Koehne
Maddenia wilsonii Koehne

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Maddeina himalaica en Bután Biodiversity Portal, National Biodiversity Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan

Amygdaleae

Maddenia


Abby Johnson (* 1980) ist eine US-amerikanische Lebensrechtsaktivistin. Nationale Bedeutung erlangte sie durch ihre gerichtliche Auseinandersetzung mit Planned Parenthood im Jahr 2010.

Leben
Abby Johnson studierte Psychologie und Psychologische Beratung. Nach ihrem Studium arbeitete sie zunächst ehrenamtlich für die Pro-Abtreibungsorganisation Planned Parenthood, dann leitete sie bis Ende 2009 eine Abtreibungsklinik in Bryan (Texas). Sie setzte sich aktiv für eine liberale Abtreibungspraxis in den Vereinigten Staaten ein. Im Oktober 2009 assistierte sie eine Abtreibung, die mit Ultraschall kontrolliert wurde. Die Bilder der Ultraschallaufnahmen auf dem Bildschirm bewogen sie dazu, bei der Abtreibungsklinik zu kündigen und sich der US-amerikanischen Lebensrechtsbewegung anzuschließen. Ihr Fall erlangte rasch nationale Aufmerksamkeit und wurde in vielen Medien kommentiert. Planned Parenthood, die die Abtreibungsklinik betrieb, in der sie arbeitete, warf ihr Verletzung des Berufsgeheimnisses vor und ging gerichtlich gegen sie vor. Sie wurde von allen Anklagepunkten freigesprochen.

Ihre Erfahrungen als Leiterin der Abtreibungsklinik und ihren Lebensweg schilderte sie in dem Buch Unplanned. Ostern 2011 konvertierte sie im Zuge ihrer neuen Haltung zur Abtreibung zur römisch-katholischen Kirche. Seit Februar 2011 arbeitet Johnson für die Lebensrechts-Organisation Live Action. Seit Juni 2011 bloggt sie für die Website LifeNews.com. Seit 2012 ist sie Teilzeit-Mitarbeiterin von Americans United for Life.

2019 erschien der Spielfilm Unplanned von Cary Solomon und Chuck Konzelman über ihre Lebensgeschichte.

Werke
 Lebenslinie. Sankt Ulrich Verlag, Augsburg 2012. ISBN 978-3-86744-210-7

Weblinks
 Unplanned official website

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Sachliteratur
Lebensrechtsaktivist
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1980
Frau

Abby Johnson


Vila Longa Portekiz'de Sátão belediyesine bağlı olan, 7,99 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 241 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Sátão

Vila Longa


Tetrasporaceae, porodica zelenih algi u redu Chlamydomonadales. Postoji četrdesetak vrsta (49) u 13 rodova. Ime je dobila po rodu Tetraspora.

Rodovi
 Apiocystis Nägeli 4
 Askenasyella Schmidle 6
 Chlorangiochaete Korshikov 1
 Chlorokremys Wujek & R.H.Thompson 1
 Fottiella Ettl 2
 Gemellicystis Teiling 1
 Octosporiella Kugrens 1
 Paulschulzia Skuja 3
 Phacomyxa Skuja 2
 Placosphaera P.A.Dangeard 2
 Polychaetochloris Pascher 1
 Porochloris Pascher 3
 Tetraspora Link ex Desvaux 22

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Porodice Chlamydomonadales

Tetrasporaceae


ලංකාවේ වැවෙන  ගුණයෙන් ඉහල පලතුරු

 උගුරැස්ස
 ලොවි
 දිවුල්
 නෙල්ලි
 අඹ
 ගස්ලබු
 කෙසෙල්
 පේර
  රඹුටන්
 කරඹ
 වරකා / වැල
 දොඩම්
 කජු පුහුලන්
 සියඹලා
 මැංගුස්
 කෝන්
 වීර
 අලිගැටපේර
 පළු
 ගඩුගුඩා
 පැලපී
 කාමරංගා
 ගල්සියඹලා
 එරමිණියා
 වෙරළු
 සීනි නෙල්ලි
 සැපතිල්ලා
 මාදං
 මසං
 අන්නාසි
 දූරියං
 කොකෝවා
 ජම්බු
 ලාවුළු
 පිනි ජම්බු
 ජැම්සන්
 පැෂන් ෆෲට්	-
 කටු අනෝදා
 වැලි අනෝදා / ආත්තා	- ඇඹිල්ල
 කට්ටම්බේරිය - මොර -
 බිලිං
 කෝවක්කා
 නමිනං
 ජෑම් පේර
 ඇඹුල් පේර
 මල්බෙරි
 හිඹුටු
 දම්
 පලු
 විර
 මා දං
 පිනි ජම්බු
 කිරිපළු
 ජම්බෝල
 කට කළු බෝවිටියා

පෝෂණය

සෑම දිනකම පලතුරු ආහාරයට ගත යුතුය.

පලතුරු වර්ග


An Triraphis schinzii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Triraphis schinzii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Triraphis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Triraphis (Poaceae)

Triraphis schinzii


Glay (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese rock band formed in Hakodate in 1988. The core four members, vocalist Teru, guitarists Takuro and Hisashi, and bassist Jiro, have been together since 1992. Primarily composing songs in the rock and pop genres, they have also arranged songs using elements from a variety of other genres, including progressive rock, punk, electronic, R&B, folk,  gospel, reggae, and ska. Originally a visual kei band, the group slowly shifted to less dramatic attire through the years. With five million copies sold, Glay's 1997 compilation album Review is the fifth best-selling album of all time in Japan. Their July 1999 concert at Makuhari Messe was attended by 200,000 people, making it the largest-ticketed concert ever held by a single act at the time. As of 2008, Glay had sold an estimated 51 million records; 28 million singles and 23 million albums, making them one of the top ten best-selling artists of all time in Japan.

History

1988–1994: Indies era
Glay formed in 1988 as a high school band when Takuro asked Teru, a schoolmate, to play the drums. They found a bassist but had difficulty finding a vocalist. When Teru made a tape of his singing and gave it to Takuro he was immediately recruited for the part, leaving the drums part to be filled by another person. On the search for a second guitarist, Hisashi was asked to join but declined the offer, as he was already part of a locally well-known heavy punk/rock band called Ari, which better suited his taste in music. Hisashi eventually accepted Takuro's offer and became Glay's lead guitarist after Ari disbanded in 1989. Officially, the name "Glay" was coined by Takuro and is a deliberate misspelling of the word "gray" to represent the style of music they wanted to play: a mixture between rock (black) and pop (white). However, Hisashi confirmed in an interview with Natalie that the name came from Jun Gray, a member of the punk rock band Kenzi & The Trips that he and Takuro had read about in the magazine Takarajima.

By the time of Takuro and Teru's graduation, Glay were enjoying some popularity in their hometown of Hakodate and were playing full live houses. Following Hisashi's high school graduation in 1990, the three moved to Tokyo to try to further expand their musical career. The bassist and the drummer chose to stay in Hakodate. In Tokyo, they found a completely different situation: although they had been relatively popular in their hometown, it was not easy to begin a career in Tokyo. Their concerts attracted few people, and sometimes none at all, and many live houses would not accept them because they did not fit well into either rock or pop categories. The band had to conciliate their music career to part-time jobs, and faced financial problems during their first years in Tokyo.

During this time, members (particularly drummers) were constantly joining and leaving the band. When their bassist quit, Takuro knew that Jiro, who was also from Hakodate and had played with the indie band Pierrot (different from the now disbanded Pierrot, that enjoyed mainstream popularity), had moved to Tokyo and invited him to join Glay. He too, declined the offer, insisting that he was already heading in the right direction for himself. It wasn't until Takuro asked him to play at just one show to fill in for their missing bassist that he decided to go. Following that show, Jiro continued to receive invitations to play with Glay, and eventually he became Glay's official bass player, finalizing the official four member lineup in August 1992.

They promoted the band by handing out flyers on the street and giving out demo tapes. Eventually they became better known on the Tokyo live house circuit, and began drawing larger crowds. Eventually, hide of X Japan gave one of Glay's demos to his bandmate Yoshiki. During an October 1993 show, Yoshiki and his entourage came to watch and offered the band a contract to his record label Extasy Records. Their debut single, "Rain", and their first album, Hai to Diamond, were both released on May 25, 1994.

1995–2000: Record-setting success
After the time of their debut, Glay steadily became more popular. Their 4th single "Freeze My Love" made it onto the Oricon Top 20, debuting at No. 19. Two months later their second album, Speed Pop, peaked at No. 8. It was their first album released on Platinum Records, a division of PolyGram that Yoshiki founded that same year. Their first No. 1 hit was in 1996 with their third album Beat Out!, which was marked as a major turning point in Glay's career. Released later that same year, the fourth album Beloved was their first album to sell over 1 million copies. In September 1996, Glay played the final concert of the Beat Out! Reprise Tour at Nippon Budokan, their first concert at the venue, which is stated by them to have been their biggest dream coming true. In August 1997, their 12th single "However" remained at the top of the charts for two weeks in a row and, after it was displaced by Zard's single "Eien" for one week, it re-appeared at the top position for another three weeks.

In the period between 1997 and 2000, Glay produced six million-selling singles, being the third artist with most million-selling singles of all time. Their 13th single "Yuuwaku" topped Oricon yearly single ranking in 1998. In 1999, their 16th single "Winter, Again" was number two of the year and won the 41st Japan Record Awards "Grand Prix" award, which is considered the most important Japanese music award. Their albums were also massively successful; both Pure Soul (1998) and Heavy Gauge (1999), along with the compilation album Drive - Glay Complete Best (2000), sold more than two million copies each.

The impact of their popularity was such that, in 1998, Japan's telephone service was temporarily put out of order due to the mass number of fans trying to reserve tickets to their upcoming tour. The 1998 Winter Olympics were being held, and press coverage of the event became chaotic because of the incident.

In this period, the band won several prizes and established records. In 1997, their compilation album Review - Best of Glay stayed for five weeks in a row at the top position of the Oricon chart and became the all-time best-selling album in Japan at the time, with almost 5 million copies sold. Their 1999 video Survival sold approximately 900,000 copies, and is the all-time best-selling video/DVD. In the same year,  their first "Expo" concert would lure a record audience of 200,000 people (see "Glay Expos" below).

1999 was the year Glay played their first dome tour, Glay Dome Tour "pure soul" 1999, which made the band the first to hold a consecutive 5 day "dome" concert. This tour had a total of 15 performances in four venues and attracted a total audience of 750,000 people. Glay closed the year of 1999, playing the concert The Millennium Eve - A Christmas Present for the People Who Love Live a Lot, a joint concert with Luna Sea, on December 23, and the Glay Countdown Live in Messe "Come Together" concert on December 31.

Takuro described the "Expo'99" as a dream come true. When the album Heavy Gauge was released, in October 1999, Takuro wrote a diary entry in Glay's official home page, describing the album as a representation of his feelings at that moment. His feelings were not of happiness, but of "emptiness" and not knowing what to do after "doing everything" they wanted to. The album is seen as a first step to a new direction in the band's career. The band considered disbanding in 2000, after releasing their second compilation album, which was a suggestion made by fellow singer Yuki Isoya, whose group Judy and Mary had disbanded.

2001–2003
After this period of massive success and a considerably steady style in their music, Glay's work took a turn in 2001. Their 2001 album One Love got mixed feelings among the fans, due to its disparities to their earlier works, with a different, generally poppier and experimental sound, and songs that had reggae and R&B influences. Their 2002 album Unity Roots and Family, Away, which was almost completely made of slow-paced songs and also had elements from other types of music (gospel, rap and traditional Okinawan music), was not welcomed by most fans.

In spite of the "cold" reception these works had, the band reached No. 1 spot in the charts with both albums. Glay continued being successful with their tours in Japan. They proved to enjoy popularity outside Japan as well, in 2001, when members visited Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea to promote the Expo 2001 "Global Communication" and officially invited artists Dome, Nicholas Tse, Mayday and Jaurim to participate in one of the Expo concerts. The next year, they played outside Japan for the first time (not counting one concert in Hawaii for their fanclub members), when they played a sold-out live performance for a 35,000 audience in Beijing. The concert is the most expensive in China's history. Glay also met then-Chinese President Jiang Zemin.

In 2003, they made a contract transfer from Pony Canyon to Toshiba EMI, the most expensive transfer in Japan's history, at 4 billion yen. Under the new company, Glay released their first DVD—single "Itsuka" and their first B-Side compilation albums, Rare Collectives Vol.1 and Rare Collectives Vol. 2.

Also in 2003, an art gallery dedicated to Glay was opened in their hometown, Hakodate. "Art Style of Glay" was located in the Winning Hall, a famous building in the city and remained open until 2007.

2004: 10th Anniversary
In 2004, Glay had several activities to celebrate their 10th anniversary since their major debut. As a start to this celebration, Glay presented the concert Rock Shock vol. 3 in 2003. The name was taken from an indie festival organized by Glay in 1989, which had had two editions. In March of that year, they released their 9th studio album, The Frustrated, and in order to promote the album, the band held the Glay Concert Tour 2004 X-Rated and later, in October, the Glay Arena Tour 2004 "The Frustrated" -Extreme-.

On July 27 they played a "pre-Expo" concert at Universal Studios Japan and on July 31, they played the third edition of the Glay Expo, which was the main event of the year by the band. At the end of the year they held the fan-club exclusive Countdown Live in Messe "Come Together" on December 31. They finished the 10th anniversary celebration with the release of the compilation Ballad Best Singles: White Road in January 2005 and with the 10th Anniversary Year Final Glay Dome Tour 2005 "White Road" which finished with the Glay 10th Anniversary Year Final Glay Osaka 4 Days Special 2005 "White Road".

2005–2006: Rebirth
In 2005, after years of touring, promoting, and recording, the four took a hiatus. Their only new release as a group was the single "Scream", their first collaboration work, with the vocal–dance group Exile. "Scream", which was released under Exile's record company, was the fifth best selling single of the year.

During that time, Jiro created a side band with the pillows guitarist Sawao Yamanaka and Straightener's drummer Nakayama Shinpei called The Predators, in the summer of 2005. The Predators played in summer festivals and released the mini-album Hunting!. Teru and Hisashi formed a band called Rally with The Mad Capsule Markets drummer Motokatsu and bassist Koji Ueno from Thee Michelle Gun Elephant. Rally contributed a cover of Buck-Tick's "Aku no Hana" for the tribute CD Parade -Respective Tracks of Buck-Tick-.

Although it was believed that Glay took a break as a group to take a rest, it was later reported in the news that the band had split from their former agency, Unlimited Group. The reasons were obscure, but the event managed to delay the band's work. The band refers to it as a time when they "couldn't move forward" and "had thoughts of quitting". Cyzo magazine's October 2005 issue had reported Glay's management dispute and referred to it as a media taboo.

In February 2006, Glay ended their silence by having a two-day live performance in Zepp Tokyo and a three-day live performance at Nippon Budokan, titled Rock 'n' Roll Swindle, which was produced as an independent event. Here, they played many of their old songs and introduced two new written songs as their new sound. It was the start of a campaign called "Re-Birth" to promote the band's return to the music scene. Posters of their "dead" faces were displayed around the city of Tokyo and a movie of the "old" Glay burial by the "new" Glay was shown on television during the commercial breaks.  Takuro founded his own office, called Lover Soul, but the band signed with Amuse, the office of Southern All Stars's Keisuke Kuwata, in 2006 until the new office was established.

On July 12, 2006, they released a new single titled "G4" after a year and seven months away from the limelight, returning to their rock and roll roots. In the following month, they collaborated with former Boowy vocalist Kyosuke Himuro in their single "Answer". Together, they performed "Answer" in Kyosuke Himuro + Glay Swing Addiction 2006. In August, Glay performed at Southern All Stars's summer concert Mujintou alongside various artists. In September, "Natsuoto/Henna Yume -Thousand Dreams-" was released, with "Natsuoto" being the theme song to TV show Koi suru Hanikami.

Following the release of these singles was their tour, Rock 'n' Roll Swindle -Re-Birth- from November 2006 to early 2007.

2007–2008
On January 31, 2007, Glay released their tenth full-length studio album, Love is Beautiful, containing 14 tracks, which reached No. 1 spot and was their 10th album to do so, Until then, Glay had been the all-male band with most No. 1 albums in Japan, but later that year Mr. Children would replace them. Following the release of this album, the band began an arena tour, titled after the album.

Although there was not much to promote, Glay was very active as a live band. Over the summer of 2007, they performed at the 15th Anniversary Cue Music Jam-Boree in Yubari on July 1 and produced the "Rock Shock. Vol. 4" on August 23, 2007. They revived the side projects: Jiro's band, The Predators, performed at the Rising Sun Rock Festival in Ezo on August 17 and 18 while Teru and Hisashi's side band, Rally, performed at the "Buck-Tick Fest 2007" in September. Glay also performed the Highcommunications Tour 2007-2008 from November 2007 to March 2008.

As of 2008, the band continued the series of shows with the concerts Rock Shock vol. 5, in Zepp Fukuoka, on April 19 and AP Bank Fes '08 on July 19 and 20. In August, they performed for the first time in the United States. The Verb tour 2008 in U.S. was held at The Fillmore, in San Francisco, on August 12, and at the House of Blues, in Los Angeles, on August 15 and 16, 2008.

On September 21, the band appeared in a concert by Kyosuke Himuro held in Hokkaido. In December, the band continued their Glay Verb Tour in Japan, with four concerts in Zepp Sendai, Zepp Osaka, Zepp Nagoya, and Zepp Tokyo for their fan-club members. On December 30 and 31 they played the Glay Verb Tour Final "Come Together" 2008–2009, the third edition of their year-end countdown concerts.

2009: 15th anniversary
In 2009, Glay celebrated 15 years since the release of their debut single "Rain". In January 2009, the band announced several concert tours during the year and two special concerts at the Nissan Stadium in August.

The first commemorative release was the 6 track single "Say Your Dream" on March 4, 2009. The title song is 13 minutes long and is reported to be a song about Glay's history. Takuro reported that he approached this song as the message he would like to leave if he were to die, and that it took seven years to be completed. The promotional video was divided into two parts, the first of them started broadcasting on TV channels five days before the release of the single. The second part remains accessible on internet only through a pass code obtained with the limited edition of the single. On the same premium site, there is a PV of the coupling song "Haru made wa". The single finishes Glay's series of western song covers with "The Meaning of Life" by the band The Offspring.

During April, the band held five concerts produced by the members, titled Glay Member Produced Live 2009 - The Great Vacation- Extra-. On April 8 and 9, the band played two concerts for official fanclub "Happy Swing" members who also have been affiliated with the fanclub for over 10 years at NHK Hall. The concerts were produced by Takuro. Teru produced another edition of the "men only night" concert (as he had done in 1999), which was held on April 13 at Studio Coast. Jiro produced a "pair only" concert, which was played on April 15 at the Osaka Hall, and, on April 17, Hisashi produced Resonance Vol. 2, which was broadcast by Yahoo!douga.

On May 25, 2009, the day Glay completed 15 years since their debut, the band released the single "I am XXX". The song was used as the main theme for the movie Blood: The Last Vampire around Asia, chosen by producer Bill Kong. On June 10, 2009, Glay released the greatest hits collection The Great Vacation Vol. 1 - Super Best of Glay, a triple CD containing most of their singles released after 2000, and a re-recorded version of 1998's "Yuuwaku" in the 2 first CDs, while the third CD was mostly composed of unreleased songs.

During the period between June 15 and July 6 the band held the Glay Hall Tour 2009 - The Great Vacation, prior to their two date Glay 15th Anniversary Special Live 2009 The Great Vacation in Nissan Stadium, held on August 15 and 16, which gathered a total of 150 thousand people and cost 1.5 billion yen.

In September, Glay returned to the U.S. and held The Great Vacation U.S. Tour in California. The band played at The Fillmore, in San Francisco, on September 9 and at the House of Blues on September 11 and 12.

On October 21, 2009, Glay released the second part of their greatest hits collection The Great Vacation Vol. 2 - Super Best of Glay, another triple CD containing hit singles from 1994 to 2000 and re-recorded versions of "Acid Head", "Shutter Speeds no Teema" and "Burst", as well as a remastering of older tracks. The third disc was another collection of unreleased songs.

On October 22, 2009, a Tokyo court ruled in favor of Glay over the ownership of 147 songs and ordered Unlimited Records to pay them 670 million yen for back royalties and unpaid contract fees. This was the issue that started in 2005 wherein royalties to Glay have ceased to be provided, leading the four-man band to seek termination of their contract with the company.

2010–2013: Loversoul Music & Associates
On April 1, 2010, Glay released "Apologize", a free digital single that, according to Takuro, was a signal of gratitude to the fans. In June, the band announced the establishment of their own label, Loversoul Music & Associates. Their first work under their new label was the single "Precious", released on September 8, followed by their tenth studio album Glay, released on October 13.
From June 2010 to February 2011 the band performed their Live Tour 2010-2011 Rock Around the World in several halls and arenas in Japan.

Glay's song "Winter, Again" was covered by 12012 on the compilation Crush! -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-, which was released on January 26 and features current visual kei bands covering songs from bands that were important to the '90s visual kei movement. Their song "Yuuwaku" was covered by Hero on its sequel, Crush! 2 -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-, released on November 23, 2011.

In March 2011, Glay released the albums; Rare Collectives Vol. 3 and Rare Collectives Vol. 4. Each volume is a double CD set containing the B-sides of all their singles released since 2003, as well as unreleased tracks. In May, the band released the video Rock Around the World 2010–2011 of the final concert of the tour performed at Saitama Super Arena. In November, Glay released the 3-song maxi-single My Private "Jealousy", which included a cover of the Neon Genesis Evangelion theme song, "A Cruel Angel's Thesis".

In May 2012, Glay released the 3-song maxi-single Bible. The title track served as the theme song for the band's two-day Hotel Glay concert at Nagai Stadium, held July 28 and 29. Bible also included the CD version of the song "Thank you for your love", which was written in support of victims of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. In December, the band released two simultaneous singles: "Justice [from] Guilty", a rock track written by Hisashi, and "Unmeiron", a ballad composed by Jiro.

In July 2013, Glay released "Dark River", the theme song for the TV series Gekiryu - Watashi wo Oboeteimasuka?, starring Japanese actress Rena Tanaka. In November, they followed up with the single "Diamond Skin", produced by The Plastics' Masahide Sakuma.

2014–2016: Anniversary anthologies, Ace of Diamond, Music Life
To celebrate their 20th anniversary, Glay released their 26-song 2CD+DVD Hai to Diamond Anthology in May 2014, which included remixed and remastered versions of previously-released songs as well as demo tracks, radio show recordings, and music videos from their indie era. The band's October double-A-side single, "Hyakka Ryoran"/"Hashire! Mirai", included the third opening song for the anime series Ace of Diamond, and in November, they released their thirteenth album Music Life, which was also available as a 2-disc limited edition including the bonus CD Ballade Best Melodies, featuring their best ballads selected by fan voting. Music Life's cover image was inspired by The Beatles album Revolver.

In 2015, Glay created their second theme song for the Ace of Diamond series, "Heroes". In October, they released the special-edition Speed Pop Anthology, which contained 27 songs including demos and remasters from the original 1995 album plus a documentary.

In January 2016, the band released their third Ace of Diamond theme, "Sora ga Aozora de aru Tame ni", followed by a set of theme songs, "Deathtopia" and "Chou Onsoku Destiny", for the anime series Kuromukuro, which were packaged as a double-A-side release in August. One month later BEAT out! Anthology was released in September to commemorate the band's first number one ranking on the Oricon chart. Along with remixed and remastered tracks, the special edition contained 2 full-length 1996 concert videos from Shibuya Public Hall and Nippon Budokan.

2017–2018: Summerdelics and Asian tour
In July 2017, Glay released their 14th album Summerdelics, which reached number 1 on the Oricon album chart, followed by a national arena tour. In September 2017, they released the special edition Beloved Anthology set, which included 14 songs remastered by Michael Zimmering, 15 previously-unreleased demo tracks, and a video documentary including segments shot by Yutaka Onaga on location in Iceland in 1996.

In November 2017, Glay released the EP Winterdelics, which included "Anata to ikite yuku", the theme song for the TV Tokyo drama Universal Kokokusha - Anata no Jinsei, Urikomimasu!

In 2018, Glay toured Asia, collaborating on stage with Taiwanese band Mayday and performed the 900th concert of their career in Hong Kong.

Members

 Takuro – guitar, bandleader (1988–present)
 Teru – vocals, drums (1988–present)
 Hisashi – lead guitar (1989–present)
 Jiro – bass (1992–present)

Former members
 Shingo – drums (1990–1992)
 Iso – drums (1992)
 Akira Ueshima – drums (1992–1994)
 Nobumasa Ohba – drums (1994–1995)

Support members

 Toshimitsu "Toshi" Nagai – drums (1995–present)
 Seiichiro Nagai – keyboards (2007–present)

Former support members
 Daijiro "D.I.E." Nozawa – keyboards (1995–1998)
 Shigeo "Shige/sk55" Komori – keyboards (1998–2004)
 Yuta Saitou – keyboards (2004–2005)
 Masahide Sakuma – guitar, keyboards, producer (mid-1994–2014, deceased)

Glay Expos

Glay occasionally holds an exposition and concert called Glay Expo, which is always expensively produced and lures greater audiences than their normal stadium concerts. The first edition of the event was held on July 31, 1999. The Glay Expo '99 Survival, held in the parking lot of Makuhari Messe, gathered a total audience of 200,000 people, making it the largest-ticketed concert ever held by a single act, certified by Guinness World Records.

The second edition was held in 2001. Glay Expo 2001 "Global Communication" was divided into four performances: two in Tokyo, one in Ishikari, and an all-night long performance in Fukuoka, which featured artists; Dome from Thailand, Nicholas Tse from Hong Kong, Mayday from Taiwan, Jaurim from South Korea, and The D.e.p., a group formed by Glay's producer Masahide Sakuma, Taiwanese singer Vivian Hsu, Gota Yashiki, Masami Tsuchiya and Mick Karn. These concerts accumulated a total audience of over 280,000. The concert in Ishikari had part of its fuel generated from solar and aeolic energy generating devices displayed in a booth.

July 2004 had three Glay Expo 2004 in "The Frustrated" shows. The latter two celebrating their 10th anniversary were held in the parking lot of Universal Studios Japan and sold out the 100,000 tickets in under 15 minutes. 2014 had two Glay Expos in September, the second celebrated the band's 20th anniversary and brought 55,000 fans to Miyagi Stadium.

Media exposure and works outside music
Glay has appeared on several TV programs and front covers of many famous music magazines in Japan, such as Gigs, What's In?, BPass, Ongaku to Hito, PatiPati, Newsmaker, etc. Kadokawa Shoten has also produced two "Glay only" special edition books.

They have starred in several campaigns for various products, as clothes, chocolate, and Mini Discs. To promote the "Expo '99", at the peak of their mainstream popularity, they had their faces printed on the sides of Japan Airlines jumbo jets, the sponsor of the event. The campaign was also a celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Tokyo-Hakodate route. In 2002, they starred another campaign for Japan Airlines, promoting travel between Japan and China.

Each member of Glay, except Teru, has written a book (Jiro has written two and Takuro, three). In 2001, as a part of their "Expo 2001" preparation, they presented the TV show Glay Global Communication. Besides appearing in magazines and on TV, all of them have participated in their own weekly radio shows. As of 2008, only Teru and Jiro keep their radio-shows (aired on BayFM and FM802, respectively). In January 2009, Hisashi started his first TV regular segment "RX-72 -Hisashi (Glay) VS Junichi Mogi-", every last Monday of each month on the Music-On TV channel. Takuro has also started a web radio-show, Takuro Mobile Meeting.

Humanitarian and environmental works
Besides performing in charity festivals as the "Red Ribbon Live" (in which Teru has participated since 2005), the "White Band Fes" in 2005, the "Re-style Live" (organized by the DJ Hisashi Yamada) and the "AP Bank Fes" in 2008, Glay, specially Teru and Takuro, have been actively participating in different causes.

In 2001, Takuro along with Ryuichi Sakamoto started "Artists Power", an organization of artists who want to be active in the research on renewable energy. The two started talking about this project when they worked in Sakamoto's charity project Zero Landmine and the first event linked to it was the Ishikari leg of the "Glay Expo 2001" (see "Glay Expo" above). AP Bank, which was founded by Mr. Children's Kazutoshi Sakurai, composer Takeshi Kobayashi and Sakamoto, is linked to this organization; "AP" stands for both "Artists Power" and "Alternative Power".

Teru has been engaged with the "Red Ribbon Link Project" since 2005 and has become an active spokesperson for the project. In 2008, he starred a HIV awareness campaign with posters and a commercial in which he had his own blood tested.

In 2011, after Eastern Japan was affected by the 9.0 magnitude Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Glay joined other artists in making donations for victim relief. The band donated 20 million yen to the "Asahi Shimbun Social Welfare Organization". Takuro also made a donation of 10 million yen to "Mudef" (Music Design Foundation), an organization that aims at the accomplishment of all the United Nations Organization 8 MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) and seeks to help out people all over the world through music and arts. Takuro is also a board member along with singer Misia. Teru wrote and recorded a song called "Thank You for Your Love" to send a message of support to the victims and released it via Twitter. The song was re-recorded and was released as a download-only track with its profits donated to the Japanese Red Cross.

Discography

Studio albums

Speed Pop (1995)
Beat Out! (1996)
Beloved (1996)
Pure Soul (1998)
Heavy Gauge (1999)
One Love (2001)
Unity Roots and Family, Away (2002)
The Frustrated (2004)
Love Is Beautiful (2007)
Glay (2010)
Justice/Guilty (2013)
Music Life (2014)
Summerdelics (2017)
No Democracy (2019)
Freedom Only (2021)

Video games
Glay Complete Works (Sony PlayStation, April 16, 1999)

Awards
1996
 29th All Japan Cable Broadcast Awards "Gold Request Award" - "Beloved"
1997
 30th All Japan Cable Broadcast Awards "Grand Prize"
 30th Japan Cable Broadcast Awards "Grand Prize" - "However"
 39th Annual Japan Record Awards "Grand Prize - Album" - Beloved
 39th Annual Japan Record Awards " Best Album" - Beloved
 39th Annual Japan Record Awards "Excellent work prize" - "However"
1998
 35th Golden Arrow Awards "Grand Prize"
 World Music Awards "Best Selling Japanese Artist"
 12th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Rock Album of the Year"
 12th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Musical Video of the Year"
 12th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award  "Artist of the Year - Grand Prize"
 40th Annual Japan Record Awards "Best Album" - Pure Soul
 40th Annual Japan Record Awards "Excellent work prize" - "Soul Love"
1999
 13th Annual Japan Gold Disc Awards "Song Of The Year" - "Yuuwaku"
 13th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song Of The Year" - "Soul Love"
 13th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song Of The Year" - "Be with You"
 13th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Rock Album Of The Year" - Pure Soul
 Grand Prize winner at the "32nd All Japan Cable Broadcast Awards" - "Winter, Again"
 32nd Japan Cable Broadcast Awards "Most Requested Artist"
 41st Annual Japan Record Awards "Best single - Grand Prize" - "Winter, Again"
 41st Annual Japan Record Awards "Excellent work prize" - "Winter, Again"
2000
 14th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song Of The Year" - "Kokodeha nai Dokoka"
 14th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song Of The Year" - "Winter, Again"
 14th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Rock Album Of The Year" - Heavy Gauge
2001
 15th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song Of The Year" - "Tomadoi/Special Thanks"
 15th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Rock Album Of The Year" - Drive -Glay complete Best-
2003
 16th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song Of The Year" - "Way of Difference"
2005
 Special prize for their career at the "Space Shower Music Video Awards"
2006
 20th Annual Japan Gold Disc Award "Song of the Year" - "Scream" (Glay x Exile)
2009
 Short Shorts Video Festival and Asia 2009 "Best Music Short" - "Say Your Dream"

See also
 List of best-selling music artists in Japan

References

External links

 Loversoul Music and Associates

Japanese pop rock music groups
Visual kei musical groups
Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups from Hokkaido
Japanese musical quartets
1988 establishments in Japan
EMI Music Japan artists
World record holders

Glay


Newbery is a surname.

People
Chantelle Newbery (born 1977), Australian Olympic diver
David Newbery (born 1943), British economist
Eduardo Newbery (1878–1908), Argentine odontologist and aerostat pilot
Francis Newbery (disambiguation), several people
James Newbery (1843–1895), Australian industrial chemist
John Newbery (1713–1767), British book publisher
Jorge Newbery (1875–1914), Argentine aviator
Linda Newbery (born 1952), British author
Robert Newbery (born 1979), Australian Olympic diver

See also
 Newberry
 Newbury (surname)
 Newbery Medal, an award for American children's literature named after John Newbery

Newbery


The Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre is located in Hong Kong Park, at 7A Kennedy Road above Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It was opened by Leung Ding-Bong, then chairman of the Urban Council, on 28 April 1992.

The centre encourages local art creation. It was restructured from an early 20th-century building called Cassels Block, a former barracks for married British officers of Victoria Barracks. It currently provides an area and facilities for local artists and includes modern artefacts and sculptures.

The historic building is listed as a Grade I historic building.

Gallery

See also
List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Museums in Hong Kong
Victoria Barracks

References

External links

Arts centres in Hong Kong
Monuments and memorials in Hong Kong
Hong Kong Park
Central, Hong Kong

Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre


The Socialist Party of Canada (SPC) was a political party that existed from 1904 to 1925, led by E. T. Kingsley. It published the newspaper, Western Clarion.

History

Establishment
The Socialist Party of Canada was founded at the Socialist Party of British Columbia's fourth annual convention on December 30-31, 1904. Delegates at the convention were urged to consider organizing the nucleus of a federal party, noting the acceptance of the platform with socialist parties and organizations in other provinces. Socialist organizations quickly approved the party formation, and the new party executive met for the first time on February 19, 1905.

The party, which had a revolutionary Marxist orientation, called for the overturn of the capitalist system through militant political action. Given this goal, compromise through trade unionism and limited political reforms was rejected.

Party manifesto and membership

The party's manifesto, which went through five editions by 1920, was its most influential and widely read publication. The manifesto traced the history of class struggle and the exploitation of labour, concluding that:
Out of these conditions has arisen the Socialist Party of Canada, the nucleus of the revolt of the slaves of Canada against capitalism. Its policy is to educate the slaves of Canada to an understanding of their position and organize them for concerted political action, to the end that they may wrest the powers of State from the hands of capital, and use them to strip the master class of its property rights in the means of production and to make these the collective property of the producers.

The SPC platform similarly called for socialization of the means of production:
Therefore, we call upon all workers to organise under the banner of the Socialist Party of Canada with the object of conquering the public powers, for the purpose of setting up and enforcing the economic program of the working class as follows:

1. The transformation, as rapidly as possible, of capitalist property in the means of wealth production (natural resources, factories, mills, railroads, etc.) into the collective property of the working class.

2. The organisation and management of industry by the working class.

3. The establishment, as speedily as possible, of production for use instead of production for profit.

The SPC was structured as a network of local organizations, each conducting education and propaganda in their respective communities. Provincial-level executives coordinated these activities in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba, and the Maritimes. The governing Dominion Executive Committee was headquartered in British Columbia and consisted almost entirely of BC residents.

Although a national convention was never held, E.T. Kingsley was regarded as the movement's leader until about 1912. The foremost exponent of Impossibilism, Kingsley called for a social revolution to redistribute wealth through political organization, education, and propaganda.

While the party's platform was Marxist, its membership was diverse. Besides Marxists, there were social democrats, militant trade unionists, and left-leaning federations of Ukrainians, Finns, Letts, and Jews. Ultimately, the varying factions did not coalesce and schisms occurred, including such breakaway formations as the Social Democratic Party of Canada and the Socialist Party of North America.

Nevertheless, the SPC was Canada's third largest political party until the outbreak of the First World War. It also enjoyed some success at the provincial electoral level, with SPC deputies sponsoring legislation that addressed worker concerns such as health and safety.

Electoral participation

The SPC was strongest in British Columbia where it won seats in the province's legislature from 1903 to 1912. In the provincial election of 1907, the SPC garnered over 5,000 votes. The apex was the 1909 election, when it collected over 11,000 votes — about 22 percent of the total ballots cast in the seats contested. During this period, the leadership of the Vancouver Trades and Labor Council consisted of committed SPC members who also played a role in stymying efforts to establish a rival labour party. However, disappointing federal election results in 1911 and the resignation of the provincial house leader, J. H. Hawthornthwaite, over his involvement in land speculation, precipitated a decline. The two SPC deputies elected in the 1912 election defected to the Liberals in 1914.

In 1909, SPC member Charlie O'Brien was elected to the Alberta legislature.

In Manitoba, the Manitoba branch of the SPC was initially a rival to Winnipeg's reform labour groups. It may also have been responsible for the defeat of centrist labour candidate Fred Dixon in the election of 1910. The resulting backlash from trade unions weakened the SPC for a number of years. In 1920, George Armstrong was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba on a United Labour list. However, he was defeated in 1922 due in part to opposition from communist politicians in the city.

World War I and its aftermath

The SPC paid a heavy price for its opposition to Canadian entry into the world war including harassment and intimidation from government authorities. Individual members were also targeted, including Ginger Goodwin, who died at the hands of police in 1918 while evading conscription.

In the fall of 1918 Western Clarion was banned by the federal government. On January 11, 1919, a new publication called The Red Flag was launched by the SPC to work around the proscription of its predecessor. The first issue noted the state's interference with the postal service and its censorship of party correspondence:

The official organ has been suppressed... Leaflets mailed have been confiscated and complaints ignored. Almost every letter which arrives at this office bears unmistakable signs of having been opened, though no censorship mark to that effect is on them. All such letters are unduly delayed, being some four, five and six weeks in the mails before delivery....

Moreover, letters and parcels which we have dispatched have failed to reach their destination. The mail of individual party members also suffers from the same despicable secret censorship. Our protests and complaints to heads of departments result only in officially equivocal and evasive replies.

The ban was lifted in 1920.

In the wake of the Russian Revolution and the Winnipeg General Strike, a number of the SPC's supporters became attracted to Bolshevism and the ideas of Lenin and Trotsky. Others gravitated toward an evolutionary or gradualist socialist position.

SPC members, notably George Armstrong and William Pritchard, were among the strike leaders put on trial following the Winnipeg confrontation.

In 1919, SPC members, including Pritchard, were instrumental in founding One Big Union in Canada.

In 1920, a split occurred when many of the party's members left to join the Federated Labour Party, which had been formed by the British Columbia Federation of Labour. Others joined the labour and independent labour parties that were being formed across the country.

In 1921, most of the Marxist SPC members left to join the Workers Party, which was the public face of the nascent Communist Party of Canada.

In 1925, the Socialist Party of Canada formally disbanded. Many of the remaining members joined the Independent Labour Party.

Federal election results from 1904 to 1926

General elections

SPC Publications
 Socialism, Revolution and Internationalism. Gabriel Deville. 1893/1907. Also published in the SPC's Red Flag series, no. 1.
 Manifesto of the Socialist Party of Canada. 1st edition, 1910. 4th edition, 1916. 5th edition, 1920.
 Constitution and Bylaws of the Socialist Party of Canada. 1910.
 The Proletarian in Politics. C.M. O'Brien. 1910.
 The Struggle for Existence. Gerald Desmond. 1911.
 Socialism and Unionism. Donald G. McKenzie. 1911.
 What is Socialism? W. E. Hardenburg. 1912.
 The Way to Power. J. B. Osborne. 1913.
 Wage Worker and Farmer. J. Pilkington. 1914.
 The Slave of the Farm.  Alf Budden. 1914/1918.
 Economic Causes of War. Peter T. Leckie, reprinted from The Western Clarion, March-November, 1920.

Bibliography

 Angus, Ian. 2006. "A Party of A New Type: The Socialist Party of Canada and the Birth of Canadian Communism." Marxism: A Socialist Annual 4: 66-74.
 Campbell, Peter. 1992. "'Making Socialists': Bill Pritchard, the Socialist Party of Canada, and the Third International." Labour/Le Travail 30: 45-63.
 Campbell, Peter. 2000. Canadian Marxists and the Search for a Third Way. McGill-Queen's University Press.
 Campbell, Peter. 2021. "Let Us Rise: Dialectical Thinking, the Commodification of Labour Power, and the Legacy of the Socialist Party of Canada." Labour/Le Travail 87: 93-120.
 Frank, David, and Nolan Reilly. 1979. "The Emergence of the Socialist Movement in the Maritimes, 1899-1916." Labour/Le Travail 4: 85-92, 94-113.
 Friesen, Gerald. 1976. "'Yours in Revolt': The Socialist Party of Canada and the Western Canadian Labour Movement." Labour/Le Travail 1: 139-57.
 Kawecki, Adam T. 1980. Canadian Socialism and the Origin of the Communist Party of Canada, 1900-1922. MA thesis. McMaster University.
 Malhotra, Ravi, and Benjamin Islett. 2021. Able to Lead: Disablement, Radicalism, and the Political Life of E.T. Kingsley. UBC Press.
 Martynowich, Orest T. 1977. "The Ukrainian Socialist Movement in Canada." Journal of Ukrainian Studies 1: no. 1, 27-44 (Part 1); 2:  no. 1,  22-31 (Part 2).
 McCormack, A. Ross. 1977. Reformers, Rebels and Revolutionaries: The Western Canadian Radical Movement 1899-1919. University of Toronto Press.
 McKay, Ian. 2008. Reasoning Otherwise: Leftists and the People's Enlightenment in Canada,1890-1920. Between the Lines.
 Milne, J.M. (Jim). 1973. "History of the Socialist Party of Canada.". Socialist History Project. 39 pages.
 Newell, Peter E. 2008. The Impossibilists: A Brief Profile of the Socialist Party of Canada. Athena Press.
 Robin, Martin. 1968. Radical Politics and Canadian Labour. Queen's University, Industrial Relations Centre.
 Troop, George R. 1922. Socialism in Canada. MA thesis. McGill University.

Footnotes

External links
 List of Canadian socialist parties
 The Impossibilists — A short history with selections from the press of the Socialist Party of Canada and the One Big Union, 1906–1938
 Western Clarion ()
 The Red Flag (OCLC 874024291)

Federal political parties in Canada
Socialist parties in Canada
Political parties established in 1904
Political parties disestablished in 1925
1904 establishments in Canada
1925 disestablishments in Canada

Socialist Party of Canada


Ricla-La Almunia es una estación ferroviaria situada en el municipio español de Ricla en la provincia de Zaragoza, comunidad autónoma de Aragón. Cuenta con servicios de Media Distancia.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 280,4 de la línea férrea de ancho ibérico que une Madrid con Barcelona a 367 metros de altitud, entre las estaciones de Morata de Jalón y de Calatorao.

El tramo está electrificado, siendo de vía única hacia Calatayud y de doble vía hacia Zaragoza.

Historia
La estación fue inaugurada el 25 de mayo de 1863 con la apertura del tramo Medinaceli - Zaragoza de la línea férrea Madrid-Zaragoza por parte de la Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de Madrid a Zaragoza y Alicante o MZA. En 1941, la nacionalización del ferrocarril en España supuso la integración de la compañía en la recién creada RENFE.

Entre 1977 y 1983, fecha en que fueron sustituidos por autobuses, existió un servicio desde Zaragoza-El Portillo prestado por un Ferrobús que, vía Calatayud, Daroca y Caminreal, enlazaba con Teruel. Este servicio tenía una duración de 4 h y 56 min.

Desde el 31 de diciembre de 2004 Renfe Operadora explota la línea mientras que Adif es la titular de las instalaciones ferroviarias.

La estación
El edificio de viajeros es de una sola planta, con seis vanos por costado, conservando aún la oficina del gabinete de circulación. Posee también un refugio acristalado anexo para aguardar la llegada de los trenes.
La estación consta de seis vías, siendo dos de ellas principales (vías 1 y 2), una derivada (vía 4) y tres en topera procedentes de Calatayud.
Las dos vías principales confluyen en una a la salida sur de la estación, lo que conlleva que los trenes procedentes de Calatayud y destino Zaragoza entren cambiando de vía para, una vez sobrepasada la estación, convertirse en vía principal sentido Zaragoza (vía 2). A dichos trenes, si efectúan parada en la estación, se acceden por el andén central y vía 4. Si son trenes directos lo hacen sin detenerse por la vía 2, mientras que los que se dirigen a Madrid lo hacen siempre por la vía 1 (principal). Los cambios de andén se hacen a nivel por una rampa adaptada a personal con movilidad reducida.

La estación, pese a su nombre, se halla realmente en el casco urbano de Ricla y más lejos de La Almunia de Doña Godina, a unos 4 km de las primeras casas. A la estación se accede por la Autovía A-2, salida 273, para continuar por la A-121 sentido Ricla y finalmente desviarse a la izquierda antes de alcanzar esta población. El acceso último incluye cruzar un paso a nivel para vehículos.

El horario de la estación es de 7.40 h a 21.50 h

Servicios ferroviarios

Media Distancia

Renfe presta servicios de Media Distancia gracias a sus trenes Regionales en los trayectos indicados, realizando dos servicios diarios por sentido en total, de la forma en que se detalla a continuación.

El servicio regional con destino/origen Madrid-Chamartín/Lérida se presta una vez al día por sentido con trenes automotores eléctricos R-470 de Renfe. El servicio Zaragoza-Arcos de Jalón se presta una vez al día por sentido con antiguos Intercity reconvertidos a regionales, los trenes de la serie 448 de Renfe.

A modo de ejemplo, el tiempo que se invierte en hacer el recorrido hasta Madrid-Chamartín es de 3h y 47'. Hasta Zaragoza-Delicias el tiempo invertido es entre 39'.

El horario oficial de Renfe puede descargarse de esta página de la Asociación de amigos del ferrocarril de Castilla-La Mancha.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Media Distancia Aragón en la web de Renfe.

Ricla-La Almunia
Ricla-La Almunia
Ricla
La Almunia de Doña Godina
Ricla
Estaciones de ferrocarril de España inauguradas en 1863
Estaciones de ferrocarril de Aragón inauguradas en el siglo XIX

Estación de Ricla-La Almunia


Las cuecas del tío Roberto es un EP de los cantautores chilenos Ángel Parra y Roberto Parra, lanzado originalmente en Chile en 1971. Corresponde al cuarto EP de Ángel como solista, y es un preludio del álbum homónimo del año siguiente. Está conformado por una colección de cuecas compuestas por Roberto Parra, hermano de Violeta Parra y tío de Ángel.

Lista de canciones

Véase también
 Las cuecas del tío Roberto

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial

EP de 1971
EP de Ángel Parra
Álbumes de cueca chilena
Álbumes de Discoteca del Cantar Popular
Álbumes de Peña de los Parra
Álbumes de Chile de 1971
Álbumes en español

Las cuecas del tío Roberto (EP)


Adolph Robert Thornton Jr. (27 de julho de 1985 - 17 de novembro de 2021), mais conhecido por seu nome artístico Young Dolph, era um rapper americano. Em 2016, ele lançou seu primeiro álbum de estúdio, King of Memphis, que alcançou a posição de número 49 na parada Billboard 200. Ele foi apresentado no single de O.T. Genasis, "Cut It", que alcançou a posição 35 de número na Billboard Hot 100. O sétimo álbum de Young Dolph, "Rich Slave", foi lançado em 2020 e se tornou seu projeto de maior sucesso, estreando como número 4 na Billboard 200. Em 17 de novembro de 2021, ele foi baleado e morto em Memphis, Tennessee.

Dolph disse que na comunidade em que era, no sul de Memphis, muitos de seus colegas foram criados por suas avós devido aos problemas que seus pais viviam. Sua avó muitas vezes não permitia que Dolph visitasse seus amigos, mas às vezes permitia que amigos desabrigados ficassem em sua casa. Quando adolescente, Dolph estudou na Hamilton High School.

Infância
Adolph Robert Thornton Jr. nasceu em 27 de julho de 1985, em Chicago. Sua família mudou-se para Memphis, Tennessee, quando ele tinha 2 anos de idade. Ele tinha duas irmãs e dois irmãos, e era primo de segundo grau do rapper Juice Wrld. Criados principalmente pela avó, os pais de Young Dolph eram viciados em crack, tendo contato com o filho apenas por algumas semanas.

Carreira

2008–2017: Sucesso inicial e tiroteios
Em 2008, Young Dolph' lançou sua primeira mixtape "Paper Route Campaign". Dois anos depois, ele fundou formalmente sua gravadora Paper Route Empire em 2010, uma gravadora independente não afiliada a uma grande gravadora, e posteriormente lançou "Welcome 2 Dolph World" no mesmo ano. Com o lançamento das mixtapes "High Class Street Music" e "High Class Street Music Episode 2" em 2011, Dolph começou a desenvolver seu próprio flow, mudando de um estilo semelhante ao dos rappers de Memphis como o Three 6 Mafia e 8Ball & MJG, e criando seu estilo pessoal descrito como "vociferous", com uma "entrega atraente e uma voz única e grave". Com a popularidade crescente de Dolph, o rapper de Memphis, Yo Gotti, lhe ofereceu um contrato de gravação com o selo Collective Music Group de Gotti, afiliado à Epic Records em agosto de 2014, mas Dolph recusou, preferindo permanecer lançando de maneira independente.

Em 2016, Young Dolph fez uma participação especial na faixa "Cut It" de O.T. Genasis, que hit alcançou a certificação de platina duplo. Mais tarde naquele ano, ele lançou seu primeiro álbum King of Memphis sob seu selo independente Paper Route Empire, que alcançou a 49ª posição na Billboard 200. Outros rappers de Memphis, incluindo Yo Gotti e Blac Youngsta, afiliado a Gotti, se ofenderam com o título do álbum, com Blac Youngsta liderando um grupo armado na tentativa de encontrar Young Dolph em Memphis, após o ocorrido, Blac liberou a faixa diss, "SHAKE SUM (Young Dolph Diss)" em resposta.

No ano seguinte, Dolph lançou uma faixa diss contra Yo Gotti, intitulado "Play Wit Yo' Bitch", levando Gotti a lançar uma canção de resposta. Duas semanas depois, em fevereiro de 2017, Young Dolph lançou um videoclipe para "Play Wit Yo' Bitch" e no dia seguinte, o carro de Young Dolph foi alvo de tiros em Charlotte, Carolina do Norte, enquanto estava na cidade para uma apresentação no Central Intercollegiate Athletic Torneio de associação. Seu carro foi baleado mais de 100 vezes, porém, o veículo era à prova de balas e ninguém ficou ferido. Após o tiroteio, Blac Youngsta e dois outros homens foram presos, mas as acusações foram posteriormente retiradas devido a falta de evidências. Young Dolph usou a publicidade do tiroteio para promover seu segundo álbum de estúdio, "Bulletproof". Em setembro do mesmo ano, Dolph foi baleado várias vezes e, em fevereiro de 2018, ele lançou o EP "Niggas Get Shot Everyday", fazendo referência ao incidente anterior.

2017–2020: Sigles nas paradas musicais e seu primeiro álbum no top 10

Em 2017, Young Dolph assinou com o rapper de Memphis, Key Glock, para sua gravadora Paper Route Empire após se encontrar em reuniões de família. Em 2018, Young Dolph e Key Glock lançaram o single "Major", que alcançou a posição de número 47 no Hot R&B/Hip-Hop. Naquele mesmo ano, Dolph disse que havia recebido uma oferta de US $ 22 milhões de uma gravadora, na qual ele recusou. Preferindo permanecer em seu próprio selo independente, Dolph afirmou: "Era realmente um bom negócio, um ótimo negócio para dizer a verdade. Mas eu estou focado em outra coisa".  Dolph mais tarde revelou que assinou um contrato com a Empire Distribution, e seu álbum de setembro de 2018, "Role Model", foi lançado sob o selo Paper Route EMPIRE, uma junção entre a Paper Route Empire e a Empire Records. Em julho de 2019, Dolph  novamente fez uma faixa em colaboração com Key Glock, desta vez lançando seu primeiro álbum colaborativo intitulado "Dum and Dummer", imitando o título do filme dos irmãos Farrelly, Dumb and Dumber (Débi & Lóide em português). O álbum alcançou a posição de número 8 na Billboard 200, rendendo a ambos os artistas seu primeiro álbum no top 10. O álbum foi produzido pelo produtor BandPlay, que usou uma variedade de estilos de batidas nas faixas do álbum. Os críticos do álbum notaram a maior "gama de composições" de Young Dolph, com "profundezas de auto-aversão e desespero" que foram complementadas pelas "celebrações à si mesmo" do rapper Key Glock.

2020–2021: rumores de aposentadoria e álbum solo alcançando o top 10
No início de 2020, surgiram rumores de que Young Dolph estava considerando se aposentar da música para passar mais tempo com seus filhos e era visto com mais frequência em Memphis. Em seu Instagram, Dolph escreveu: "Estou pensando em desistir do mundo da música porque realmente quero estar com meus filhos 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana". Durante a pandemia de COVID-19 nos Estados Unidos, Dolph lançou o single "Sunshine" e lançou capas editadas de seus álbuns de lançamentos anteriores em serviços de streaming para apresentar indivíduos usando máscaras cirúrgicas para destacar e abordar a situação global.  Em uma entrevista com a GQ em maio de 2020, ele foi questionado sobre sua nova faixa, com Dolph respondendo: "Cara, meu filho queria ouvir algumas músicas novas... Eu levo isso a sério: eu realmente não estou bem na merda do meu rap, na merda dos meus negócios. Eu tenho um monte de artistas, e tenho abandonado todos os projetos dos meus artistas, e eles estão crescendo... Então eu fico tipo,'Sim, eu tenho que ir em frente e dar a eles.'Eu vou soltar isso." O sétimo álbum de oung Dolph, "Rich Slave", foi lançado em 14 de agosto de 2020. Composto pelos singles "Blue Diamonds", "RNB" com Megan Thee Stallion e "Death Row". Dolph explicou o título do álbum, afirmando "É a realidade de ser negro neste país". "Rich Slave" foi o álbum de maior sucesso de Young Dolph, alcançando a posição de número 4 na Billboard 200. Em 5 de março de 2021, Young Dolph e Key Glock lançaram o single "Aspen" e, posteriormente, seu segundo álbum colaborativo, "Dum and Dummer 2", foi lançado em 26 de março de 2021, com 20 faixas. É uma sequência de "Dum and Dummer" de 2019, e combina canções solo com faixas apresentando os dois artistas. A arte cartoon do projeto faz referência a Beavis & Butthead. O álbum foi lançado pelo selo independente Paper Route Empire de Dolph. Em uma revisão no Pitchfork, Nadine Smith deu ao álbum uma classificação de 7,5/10, afirmando que "Dolph & Glock se moldam à imagem de burros da cultura pop, mesmo que ao mesmo tempo sejam equilibrados, extravagantes e imaculados - há uma casualidade na harmonia e em seus respectivos flows que nunca falam muito sobre eles."

Vida pessoal
Thornton teve dois filhos, Tre Tre e Aria, com sua parceira, Mia Jaye. Ele disse que foi um tanto rígido com sua paternidade devido à educação dada por sua avó. Thornton costumava fazer colaborações com seu primo e parceiro, Key Glock, e era um parente distante do rapper e cantor Juice Wrld, descobrindo a sua relação familiar pouco depois de sua morte. Young Dolph foi baleado do lado de fora de uma loja em Hollywood, Los Angeles, em 26 de setembro de 2017. Ele foi diagnosticado em estado grave no hospital; mas dentro de algumas horas, os médicos relataram que esperava-se que ele sobrevivesse. Ele passou duas semanas no hospital se recuperando de três ferimentos à bala. Yo Gotti foi inicialmente nomeado uma mandante alguns momentos após o tiroteio, mas foi inocentado mais tarde. Enquanto isso, o amigo de Gotti, Corey McClendon, foi preso por tentativa de homicídio, mas foi solto no dia seguinte sem acusações.  Durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020, dolph começou a ficar com sua família em Memphis com mais frequência, iniciando rumores de uma suposta aposentadoria. Ele era conhecido na área por sua filantropia, doando US$ 25.000 para sua alma mater, a Hamilton High School, e oferecendo palestras motivacionais para os alunos. Conhecido por distribuir jantares de Ação de Graças, Thornton deu duzentos perus de natal a indivíduos no West Cancer Center dias antes de sua morte e estava programando para doar refeições dias depois.

Morte
Em 17 de novembro de 2021, por volta das 13h, young Dolph foi morto a tiros em Memphis enquanto pegava biscoitos para sua mãe em uma loja local que ele frequentava; a polícia disse que um atirador não identificado entrou na loja e atirou duas vezes. Multidões de centenas de pessoas invadiram a cena da morte de Dolph por horas, e a polícia teve que impedir que indivíduos entrassem na área enquanto investigavam. O representante da Câmara do Tennessee, London Lamar, e o vereador de Memphis, J. B. Smiley, reagiram pedindo um toque de recolher em Memphis para evitar distúrbios civis e violência.

Discografia

Álbuns de estudio

Albuns de compilação

Mixtapes

EP's

Singles

Como artista principal

Colaborações

Outras faixas que entraram em tabelas

Notes

Ligações externas

Rappers dos Estados Unidos
Afro-americanos
Cantores dos Estados Unidos
Naturais de Chicago
Nascidos em 1985

Young Dolph


مايكل مالتيز  (6 فبراير 1908- 22 فبراير 1981)، كان مؤلفاً قصصياً وكاتب نصوص أفلام رسوم متحركة كلاسيكية.

في 1941، وظف مالتيز من قبل ليون شليسنجر برودكشنز، والتي تحولت إلى شركة وارنر براذرز كارتونز بعد ثلاث سنوات. ظهر مالتيز كممثل في فيلم بوركي بيغ يو أوت تو بي إن بكشرز (1940)، الذي جمع بين التمثيل البشري الحي والرسوم المتحركة، حيث قام بدور حارس أمن الاستوديو الذي بقي يطارد بوركي طيلة الفيلم. تعاون مالتيز مع تشاك جونز في إنتاج أفلام كارتون قصيرة كلاسيكية مثل فور سينت-إيمنتل ريزونس وفيلم سو متش فور سو ليتل، والذين حازا على جائزتي الأكاديمية لأفضل فيلم كارتون قصير وأفضل فيلم وثائقي قصير.

انتقل مالتيز لاحقا للعمل مع جونز بعد طرد الأخير وإغلاق قسم الرسوم المتحركة لوارنر، ليساهم في الإنتاج التلفزيوني توم آند جيري (1960)، كما عمل في هانا-باربرا برودكشنز لإنتاج العروض التلفزيونية مثل كويك درو مكغرو، ذا فلنستونز، وذا جتسونز.

مات مالتيز في 22 فبراير 1981.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 موقع TV.com

كتاب سيناريو أمريكيون في القرن 20
أشخاص من هانا-باربيرا
أمريكيون من أصل إيطالي
رسامو رسوم متحركة من ولاية نيويورك
رسامو رسوم متحركة
فنانون من مدينة نيويورك
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب سيناريو أمريكيون
كتاب سيناريو من ولاية نيويورك
مواليد 1908
مواليد في نيويورك
وفيات 1981
وفيات السرطان في كاليفورنيا
وفيات في لوس أنجلوس

مايكل مالتيز


Karacalar, Antalya ilinin Manavgat ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 90 km, Manavgat ilçesine 12 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Manavgat'ın mahalleleri

Karacalar, Manavgat


Molibdatno crvenilo sastoji se od čvrste otopine olovnog kromata, olovnog molibdata i olovnog sulfata, pa trgovački proizvod približno odgovara jednadžbi 7 PbCrO4∙PbMoO4∙PbSO4. Poznat je i molibdatni narančasti pigment, koji se od molibdatnog crvenila razlikuje samo po veličini svojih čestica. Ti su pigmenti u mnogo čemu slični kromovu žutilu. Pripravljaju se u stvari jednako, taložnom reakcijom olovnog nitrata, alkalijskog dikromata i amonijevog molibdata u prisutnosti sulfatne kiseline ili natrijevog sulfata. Da bi se dobio svjetlostalan pigment otporan prema povišenim temperaturama, sumporovom dioksidu i drugim kemikalijama, on se mora stabilizirati. To se prema patentiranim postupcima provodi obradom anorganskim spojevima silicija, titanija, aluminija, barija i drugim.

Molibdatni crveni i narančasti pigmenti mogu se po svojim svojstvima mjeriti s kromovim žutilom, a u prednosti su pred kromovim narančastim pigmentom zbog veće svjetloće boje i bolje pokrivne moći. Međutim, umjereno su osjetljivi prema djelovanju kiselina i alkalija.

Molibdatno crvenilo jedan je od najvažnijih anorganskih crvenih pigmenata. Molibdatni se pigmenti upotrebljavaju u prvom redu u pripravi boja za ličenje i lakova sušivim na zraku i u peći. Stoga su, između ostalog, prikladni za proizvodnju obojenih lakova za vozila, industrijske i poljoprivredne strojeve i slično. Osim toga, molibdatni pigmenti služe za pripravu tiskarskih boja, posebno ofsetnih, te u naličima za emajl i za bojenje polimernih materijala (polivinilnih, polietilenskih). Često se upotrebljavaju smjese molibdatnih s organskim pigmentima i tako povezuju dobra svojstva anorganskih pigmenata (pokrivnost) s odlikama organskih pigmenata kao što je briljantnost tona. Molibdatni i organski pigmenti dispergiraju se zasebno jer se molibdatni pigmenti dispergiraju mnogo lakše od organskih, a njihovim dužim dispergiranjem razbija se zaštitni sloj dobiven površinskom obradom i mijenja se nijansa pigmenta prema svjetlijem tonu.

Otrovnost
Molibdatno crvenilo smatra se kancerogenim i otrovnim (toksičnim) za reprodukciju te se stoga više ne koristi u Europi.

Izvori

 Materijali
Pigmenti

Molibdatno crvenilo


Firelight  é um filme britano-estadunidense de 1997 escrito e dirigido por William Nicholson e estrelado por Sophie Marceau e Stephen Dillane. Filmado em locações em Firle, Inglaterra e Calvados, França, o filme foi lançado no Festival de Cinema de Deauville em 14 de setembro de 1997. Firelight foi a primeira experiência de Nicholson como cineasta.

Sinopse
Escrito por William Nicholson, o filme é sobre uma mulher que concorda em ter o filho de um proprietário de terras inglês anônimo em troca de pagamento para saldar as dívidas de seu pai. Quando o bebê nasce, a mulher faz o parto conforme combinado. Sete anos depois, a mulher é contratada como governanta de uma garota em uma propriedade remota de Sussex, cujo pai é o fazendeiro.

Elenco

Notas

Filmes com estreia na direção
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1997
Filmes do Reino Unido de 1997
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama do Reino Unido
Filmes em língua francesa
Filmes em língua inglesa

Firelight (1997)


තෙලිඟු (;  ) යනු ද්‍රවිඩ භාෂා පවුලට අයත් භාෂාවකි. ඉන්දියාවේ ආන්ද්‍රා ප්‍රදේශ් ප්‍රාන්තයේ රාජ්‍ය බසයි. 74,000,000කගේ පමණ මව් බසයි. අතීතයේ අණ්ඩර දෙමළ යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වූයේ ද මෙම බසයි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

ඉන්දියාව

තෙළිගු


Fort William Historical Park (formerly known as Old Fort William) is a Canadian historical site located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, that contains a reconstruction of the Fort William fur trade post as it existed in 1816. It officially opened on July 3, 1973.

The site is located on the banks of the Kaministiquia River at Point de Meuron. This point is a few kilometres upstream from the original fort's site, Fort Kaministiquia, which has been built over as part of the city of Thunder Bay. Point de Meuron has separate historical significance, as it was the location of an Hudson's Bay Company post of the same name.

History
The North West Company had a major depot at Grand Portage to the west of Fort William.  After the American Revolutionary War, Britain finally ceded the area to the United States (US) under the Jay Treaty of 1796, to settle the northern border.  British/Canadian fur traders wanted to create a new center of operations to avoid US taxes, and so the trading post was moved north to what became Fort William on the Canadian side of the border.

Fort William Historical Park is known as a living history site.  Numerous historic buildings have been reconstructed to show the range of the post,  and costumed historical interpreters recreate Fort William of the year 1816.  Fort William was then not primarily a settlement, but a central transport depot within the now-defunct North West Company's network of fur trade outposts.  Due to its central role, Fort William was much larger, with more facilities than the average fur trade post.  Reflecting this, Fort William Historical Park contains 42 reconstructed buildings, a reconstructed Ojibwa village, and a small farm.

Historical interpreters represent the many roles and cultures involved in the fur trade, including Scottish fur traders (people of capital), who often took Native American wives and had their families living with them; French Canadian voyageurs and workers, who also had wives from among the Natives; and native hunters and trappers.  The native people in the Fort William area are predominantly Ojibwa and are represented accordingly among the interpreters.

The North West Company's "winter partners", fur traders who lived at the post, in the early years married into the upper classes of the native people, strengthening their alliances.  There were thus two tiers of society - the fur traders and chiefs and their daughters, and the workers, who formed liaisons or married native women.  The descendants of the latter tended to stay in fur trapping and became the Métis ethnic group.  While also of mixed heritage, children of fur traders and chief's daughters tended to receive thorough English educations (as well as learning Native culture from their mothers' families) and often moved within the upper classes of Canadian society, including being selected for government posts.

Fort William Historical Park has a working community of skilled tradesmen, including a blacksmith, tinsmith, carpenter, cooper, and birch bark canoe builder.  They all craft products according to traditional early 19th-century methods and tools. Many of their crafts are not widely practised elsewhere.  Fort William's canoe builder has built birch bark canoes for other Canadian cultural sites, including the Canadian Museum of Civilization.

Each summer Fort William Historical Park hosts the "Great Rendezvous", a recreation of the annual meeting of company fur traders that took place at this central location. Participants from all over Canada and the United States register to camp for the weekend at Fort William Historical Park and take part in this historical reenactment.

Legacy
On 28 June 1985 Canada Post issued 'Fort William, Ont.' one of the 20 stamps in the "Forts Across Canada Series" (1983 & 1985). The stamps are perforated  x 13 mm and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited based on the designs by Rolf P. Harder.

Location
The park is located at the south end of King Road, which runs off of Broadway Avenue two kilometres west of Highway 61.

Amphitheatre
In 2008 the fort built an amphitheatre to host a variety of events. It is one of Canada's largest purpose-built outdoor entertainment venues. The Amphitheatre is designed to host events with audience sizes up to 50,000. It is configured to be capable of hosting multiple independent events at the same time. The Amphitheatre is a year-round venue, capable of featuring six regulation-size hockey ice surfaces in the winter, and a full-service campground during special events and concerts in the summer.

Affiliations
The museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

See also
 List of contemporary amphitheaters

References

 Morrison, Jean F. Superior rendez-vous place : Fort William in the Canadian fur trade. Toronto : Natural Heritage Books, 2007. 1st ed. appeared in 2001. The most authoritative book on Fort William
 Old Fort William Historical Park brochure, Parks Canada, 2001.
 Members of management board - http://www.infogo.gov.on.ca/infogo/#orgProfile/2098/en

External links
 Fort William Historical Park The Official Site

North West Company
North West Company forts
William
History of Thunder Bay
Museums in Thunder Bay
Hudson's Bay Company forts
Living museums in Canada
National Historic Sites in Ontario
Music venues in Ontario
History museums in Ontario
Pemmican War
Festival venues in Canada

Fort William Historical Park


Glen John Provost (Lafayette, Louisiana, EUA, 9 de agosto de 1949) é bispo de Lake Charles.

Glen John Provost recebido em 29 de junho de 1975 pelo Papa Paulo VI o Sacramento da Ordem.

Em 6 de março de 2007, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou bispo de Lake Charles. O Arcebispo de Nova Orleans, Alfred Clifton Hughes, o consagrou em 23 de abril do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram o Bispo de Lafayette, Charles Michael Jarrell e o Bispo Emérito do Lago, Charles Jude Speyrer.

Ver também

Bispos católicos dos Estados Unidos

Glen John Provost


An Masdevallia macrogenia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Arango, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carlyle August Luer och Rodrigo Escobar. An Masdevallia macrogenia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Masdevallia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Masdevallia

Masdevallia macrogenia


Bucureștii de altă dată este un film românesc din 1958 regizat de Ion Bostan.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1958 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1958

Bucureștii de altă dată


تشو (チョー) (اسمه الحقيقي شيغيرو ناغاشيما (長島茂 ناغاشيما شيغيرو)) هو ممثل ياباني ولد في 15 ديسمبر 1957 في كونوسو، سايتاما.

عمل سابقاً تحت الاسم المستعار يويتشي ناغاشيما (長島雄一 ناغاشيما يويتشي).

أدواره في الأنمي

مسلسلات أنمي تلفزيونية
 ون بيس - بروك، بارباروسا، غينزو، ريوما
 إينوياشا - جاكين
 إينوياشا: الجزء الأخير - جاكين
 ياشاهيمي، أميرة أنصاف الشياطين - جاكين
 شيغوروي - الراوي
 نيغيما!؟ - يامادا-سان
 غريت تيتشر أونيزوكا - هيروشي أوتشيامادا
 كاشرن سينز - أوجي، بولتون
 بليتش - ماكيزو أراماكي
 جنود السايبورغ - رقم 7
 ذا سول تيكر - الفضائي الغامض
 إيداتين جمب - لبيب
 كليمور - إرميتا
 ساندز أوف ديستراكشن - مالك المسكن
 سباق التحدي - سوبر أرو
 باندورا هارتس - الدوق روفوس بارما
 التنين الأزرق - نهران
 هيرومان - أستاذ دنتون
 رايف ماستر - الحداد موزيكا
 أراكاوا أندر ذا بريدج - تيروماسا تاكاي
 أراكاوا أندر ذا بريدج x بريدج - تيروماسا تاكاي
 إيوريكا سفن - ووز
 شعلة ريكا - كاشامارو
 كيكايشي - يوكيوكوساي
 باكومان - فوميو ماشيرو
 حفيد نوراريهيون - سوديموغي-ساما
 غوسيك - حارس المقبرة
 تايغر آند باني - ماسيني
 البدلة المتنقلة جاندام إيج - يارك دولي/غيلا زوي
 غينتاما - مدير النادي الليلي
 لوغ هورايزون - إيتشيمونجينوسكي أكانيا
 ماغي: The Kingdom of Magic - ماتال موغاميت
 ماغي: مغامرات سندباد - ماتال موغاميت
 سأتحول إلى فتاة تسريحة الذيلين! - سباروغيلدي
 معرض الفن المزيف - موريهيتو تشينين
 إخوة الفضاء - والد أسرة نانبا
 مغامرة جوجو الغريبة: ستارداست كروسيدرز - السيناتور ويلسون فيليبس
 معركة الأبراج - هيتسوجي
 بازيليسك: لفائف نينجا أوكا - الراوي
 بلاك كلوفر - غيفسو
 غيت: قوات الدفاع الذاتي تقاتل في أرض غريبة - كاتو
 حياتي العادية - الناظر شينونومي
 أكوداما درايف - القرش
 غانسلينغر غيرل - ماريو بوشي
 غانسلينغر غيرل IL TEATRINO - ماريو بوشي
 البركة لهذا العالم الرائع! - الأستاذ
 فريق الإطفاء الناري - سويتشيرو آغ
 فريق الإطفاء الناري: الجزء الثاني - سويتشيرو آغ
 هاي سكور غيرل - جيا
 هاي سكور غيرل II - جيا
 الخطايا السبع المميتة - غولغيوس
 الخطايا السبع المميتة: إعادة إحياء الوصايا - غولغيوس
 غيت: قوات الدفاع الذاتي تقاتل في أرض أخرى - كاتو إل آلتيستان
 ريرايديد: ديريدا القافز عبر الزمن - كلاوس باردن

أنمي الإنترنت
 كينغان أشورا - كازوؤو ياماشيتا
 مونستر سترايك - كوكما

أوفا أنمي
 البدلة المتنقلة جاندام يونيكورن - غيلبوا سانت

أفلام أنمي
 إينوياشا: مشاعر تتخطى الزمان - جاكين
 إينوياشا: قلعة الخيال في المرآة - جاكين
 إينوياشا: سيف الحكم المطلق - جاكين
 إينوياشا: جزيرة هوراي القرمزية - جاكين
 إيوريكا سفن: جيب مليء بأقواس قزح - ووز
 ون بيس فيلم: سترونغ وورلد - بروك
 ون بيس 3D: مطاردة قبعة القش - بروك
 ون بيس فيلم Z - بروك
 ون بيس فيلم غولد - بروك
 ون بيس ستامبيد - بروك
 إخوة الفضاء #0 - والد أسرة نانبا
 باتمان النينجا - بنغوين
 البركة لهذا العالم الرائع!: الأسطورة القرمزية - الأستاذ

أدواره في ألعاب الفيديو
 ون بيس: بايريت واريورز - بروك
 ون بيس: بايريت واريورز 2 - بروك
 ون بيس: بيرنينغ بلاد - بروك
 ون بيس: وورلد سيكر - بروك
 سونيك أنليشد - الأستاذ بيكل
 تيلز أوف فيسبيريا - هانكس

أدواره في الدبلجة اليابانية
 سلسلة أفلام سيد الخواتم
 سيد الخواتم: رفقة الخاتم - غولوم
 سيد الخواتم: البرجان - غولوم
 سيد الخواتم: عودة الملك - غولوم/سميجل
 الهوبيت: رحلة غير متوقعة - غولوم
 ترانسفورمرز أنيميتد - بليتزوينغ
 نهوض كوكب القردة - سيزر
 سبيس جام - إلمر فاد
 عرض لوني تونز - إلمر فاد, بارنيارد دوغ

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلو أداء صوتي ذكور من محافظة سايتاما
ممثلو أداء صوتي يابانيون
ممثلو ألعاب فيديو يابانيون
ممثلو الأداء الصوتي لشخصيات ون بيس
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 20
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1957
مواليد في كونسو (سايتاما)

تشو (ممثل ياباني)


Sunnusýprus (fræðiheiti: Chamaecyparis taiwanensis) er barrtré í Cupressaceae (Grátviðarætt), frá fjöllum Tævan.
Tegundin er oft talin undirtegund af  Chamaecyparis obtusa, en aðrir, sérstaklega tævanskir grasafræðingar meina að þetta sé sjálfstæð tegund. Önnur skyld og lík tegund er í Tævan; Chamaecyparis formosensis.

Tilvísanir

Barrtré

Sunnusýprus