ساندرا فولكر  سباحة ألمانية ولدت في 1 أبريل 1974 بلوبيك.

فازت ببطولة العالم مرتين. حصلت على فضية وبرونزيتين في أولمبياد أتلانتا 1996. حققت الرقم القياسي لسباق 50 م صدرا وحصلت على ذهبيتي 50 م حرة في بطولة العالم 1997 والتتابع 4 مرات 100 م في بطولة العالم 2001. شاركت في أربعة دورات أولمبية وكانت ستشارك في دورة بكين 2008 لكنها اعلنت اعتزالها بعدما وجدت استحالة تنفيذ برنامج إعادة التأهيل لأولمبياد بكين بعد أن أكدت في ايار/مايو انها ستستأنف مسيرتها بعد أن تضع طفلتها في تشرين الأول/أكتوبر.حلو

وصلة خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي

مراجع

فائزون بميداليات في بطولة أوروبا للألعاب المائية في السباحة
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ألمان فازوا بالميدالية البرونزية الأولمبية
ألمان فازوا بالميدالية الفضية الأولمبية
ألمانيات في القرن 20
ألمانيات في القرن 21
حاملو أرقام قياسية عالمية سابقة في السباحة
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1996
حائزون على ميدالية السباحة في بطولة العالم للألعاب المائية
سباحات التزلج الحر
سباحات ألمانيات
سباحون أولمبيون من ألمانيا
سباحون حائزون على ميدالية أولمبية
سباحون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1992
سباحون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1996
سباحون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
سباحون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
فائزون بميداليات برونزية أولمبية في السباحة
فائزون بميداليات فضية أولمبية في السباحة
فائزون بميداليات في بطولة العالم للسباحة (25 متر)
مواليد 1974
مواليد في لوبيك

ساندرا فولكر


Honduras deltog første gang i olympiske lege under sommer-OL 1968 i Mexico by og har siden deltaget i de fleste sommerlege undtaget sommer-OL 1972 i München og sommer-OL 1980 i Moskva. Nationens hidtil eneste deltagelse i vinterlege var i 1972 i Albertville. Honduras har aldrig vundet nogen olympisk medalje.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Honduras' OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Honduras ved sommer-OL
Honduras ved vinter-OL
OL

Honduras ved OL


O composto de dez tetraedros é um dos cinco compostos poliédricos regulares. Este poliedro pode ser visto como um estrelamento do icosaedro ou um composto. Este composto foi descrito pela primeira vez por Edmund Hess em 1876.

Ele pode ser visto como uma faceta de um dodecaedro regular.

Como um composto

Ele também pode ser visto como o composto de dez tetraedros com  (Ih). É um dos cinco compostos regulares construídos a partir de sólidos platônicos idênticos.

Ele compartilha o mesmo  de um dodecaedro.

O  representa duas metades quirais deste composto (pode, portanto, ser visto como um "composto de dois compostos de cinco tetraedros").

Ele pode ser feito a partir do , substituindo cada cubo por um octaedro estrelado nos vértices do cubo (o que resulta em um "composto de cinco compostos de dois tetraedros").

Como um estrelamento

Este poliedro é um estrelamento do icosaedro e dado como .

Como uma faceta

Ele é também uma  do dodecaedro, conforme mostrado à esquerda. Pentagramas côncavos podem ser vistos no complexo onde estão posicionadas as faces pentagonais do dodecaedro.

Como um poliedro simples

Se for tratado como um poliedro não convexo simples sem superfícies que se intersectam, ele tem 180 faces (120 triângulos e 60 quadriláteros côncavos), 122 vértices (60 com grau 3, 30 com grau 4, 12 com grau 5 e 20 com grau 12) e 300 arestas, dando uma característica de Euler de 122-300+180 = +2.

Referências

 (1ª edição, Universidade de Toronto (1938))
 H.S.M. Coxeter, , (3ª edição, 1973), Dover edition, , 3.6 The five regular compounds, pp.47 – 50, 6.2 Stellating the Platonic solids, pp.96 – 104

Ligações externas

 Modelo em L.M.R.V.:
 Compostos de 5 e 10 tetraedros (em inglês) por Sándor Kabai, The Wolfram demonstrations project.

Poliedros

Composto de dez tetraedros


Ulrich von Bock (* 29. Dezember 1939 in Oppeln, Schlesien, Deutschland) ist ein deutscher Schauspieler.

Leben
Ulrich von Bock entstammt einer preußischen Offiziersfamilie. Mit Beginn der 60er Jahre ließ er sich künstlerisch ausbilden und trat 1962 sein erstes Festengagement an. Bis 1967 war er fünf Jahre lang am Schauspielhaus Bochum engagiert, anschließend bis 1973 am Schauspielhaus Köln. Danach war er bis 1982 Ensemblemitglied des Bremer Theaters am Goetheplatz. Bock spielte an den oben genannten Häusern zumeist kleinere und mittelgroße Rollen, etwa als Bürger in Dantons Tod, Justizminister in Elisabeth von England und als Andrej in Drei Schwestern, allesamt Inszenierungen Rudolf Noeltes. In Tournee-Inszenierungen erhielt von Bock auch Hauptrollen wie etwa den Mephisto im Urfaust, den Tessmann in Hedda Gabler, den Peachum in Die Dreigroschenoper und den Möbius in Die Physiker. Mehrfach gehörte er dem Tourneetheater Greve an und nahm regelmäßig an den Festspielen Mayen teil.

Mit dem Part des zwielichtigen Conny in dem modernen Ruhrpottdrama Das Lamm gab Bock 1964 sein Filmdebüt unter der Regie von Wolfgang Staudte. Dennoch wurde der früh glatzköpfige Künstler mit dem markanten, breiten, norddeutschen Regiolekt erst seit den frühen 70er Jahren regelmäßig besetzt. Bock-Typen waren häufig sperrig und spröde -- wie etwa sein Assistent von Kommissar Trimmel, Petersen, in einigen frühen Tatort-Krimis. 1983 übernahm von Bock selbst als Kommissar Ronke in der Tatortfolge Wenn alle Brünnlein fließen die Ermittlungen. 1976 und 1978 war er überdies TV-Sketchpartner von Loriot. Auch in späteren Produktionen -- Fernseh- wie Kinofilme -- besetzte man Ulrich von Bock mit zahlreichen Nebenrollen, oftmals in (Krimi-)Serien wie Der Fahnder, Wolffs Revier, Notruf Hafenkante, Peter Strohm und Bella Block.

Filmografie

Hörspiele (Auswahl)
 1976: Kenneth Grahame: Der Wind in den Weiden – Regie: Charlotte Niemann (Kinderhörspiel – RB)
 1980: Alan Alexander Milne: Pu der Bär (9 Teile) (Erzähler) – Bearbeitung, Komposition und Regie: Charlotte Niemann (Kinderhörspiel – RB)
 2006: Friedrich Christian Delius: Die Minute mit Paul McCartney – Regie: Christiane Ohaus (Hörspiel – RB/WDR)

Weblinks

 Ulrich von Bock als Kommissar Ronke - auf Tatort-Fans.de

Theaterschauspieler
Filmschauspieler
Hörspielsprecher
Deutscher
Geboren 1939
Mann

Ulrich von Bock


Stefan Nicolau Michalski (Obrowo, 21 de agosto de 1884 - 1957) Foi um jornalista, anarquista e esperantista, de origem polonesa de Cracóvia. Em 1890, acompanhou a família na emigração para o Brasil, viajando à cidade do Rio de Janeiro e posteriormente para  Porto Alegre. Fundou a primeira sociedade esperantista de Porto Alegre em 1906 - pioneira entre as três primeiras do país - juntamente com outras pessoas ligadas ao movimento anarquista da época.

Leitura adicional

Esperantistas do Brasil
Imigrantes da Polónia
Jornalistas do Brasil
Anarquistas do Brasil
Nascidos em 1884
Mortos em 1957

Stefan Nicolau Michalski


Mikel Ruffinelli (født 1972 i Los Angeles) er en amerikansk kvinde, der pr. 2018 holder Guinness' verdensrekord for bredeste hofter i verden.

Personer fra USA
Verdensrekordindehavere

Mikel Ruffinelli


Teoderik III () (død 691) var konge af Neustrien (med Burgund) ved to anledninger (673 og 675-691) og konge af Austrasien fra 679 til han døde. Dermed var han frankernes enekonge fra 679.

Han var søn af Klodvig II og Balthild og er blevet beskrevet som en marionet, en roi fainéant, af hofmester Ebroin som til og med kan have udnævnt ham uden støtte fra adelsmændene. Han efterfulgte sin broder Klotar III i Neustrien i 673, men Childerik II af Austrasien fjernede ham kort tid inden, at han døde i 675, og Teoderik tog sin trone tilbage. Da Dagobert II døde i 679, fik han Austrasien oveni og var konge over hele det frankiske rige.

Han og hofmesteren i Neustrien, Waratton, indgik fred med Pipin af Herstal, hofmester i Austrasien, i 681. Men da Waratton døde, gik den nye hofmester, Berthar, til krig mod Austrasien. Pipin udryddede den burgund-neustriske armé under Berthar og Teoderik (en neustrier) i slaget ved Tertry i 687, og lagde dermed grundlaget for austrasisk dominans af den frankiske stat.

Familie og børn

Han giftede sig med Clotilda, muligvis datter til Ansegisel og sankt Begga af Landen, og havde følgende børn:

 Bertrada af Prüm (676-740)
 Klodvig IV, konge (691-695)
 Childebert III, konge (691-695)

Og muligvis:

 Klodvig III, konge af Austrasien (675-676)
 Klotar IV, konge af Austrasien (717-719)

Litteratur
 Dieter R. Bauer, Rudolf Hiestand, Brigitte Kasten, Sönke Lorenz (Hrsg.): Mönchtum – Kirche – Herrschaft 750–1000. (Josef Semmler zum 65. Geburtstag). Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1998, .
 Eugen Ewig: Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich (= Kohlhammer-Urban-Taschenbücher. Bd. 392). 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart u. a. 1993,  (Urban-Taschenbücher 392).
 Pierre Riché: Die Karolinger. Eine Familie formt Europa (= dtv 4559). 2. utgave. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, München 1992, .
 Rudolf Schieffer: Die Karolinger (= Kohlhammer-Urban-Taschenbücher. Bd. 411). 2., durchgesehene und ergänzte Auflage. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart u. a. 1997, .
 Josef Semmler: Spätmerowingische Herrscher. Theuderich III. und Dagobert II. In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters. Bd. 55, 1999, s. 1–28, (Digitalisert).

Eksterne henvisninger
 Oxfords merovingerside (engelsk)

Frankiske konger

Teoderik 3.


O ciclo do supercontinente é a agregação e dispersão quasiperiódica da crosta continental da Terra. Existem várias opiniões sobre se a quantidade de crosta continental está aumentando, diminuindo ou permanecendo a mesma, mas concorda-se que a crosta terrestre está sendo constantemente reconfigurada. Diz-se que um ciclo completo de um supercontinente leva de trezentos a quinhentos milhões de anos. A colisão continental faz continentes cada vez maiores, enquanto o rifting faz continentes mais e menores.

Descrição

O supercontinente mais recente, Pangeia, formou-se há cerca de trezentos milhões de anos (0,3 Ga). Existem duas visões diferentes sobre a história dos supercontinentes anteriores. A primeira propõe uma série de supercontinentes: Vaalbara ( 3.6 a c. 2.8 bilhões de anos atrás); Ur ( 3 bilhões de anos atrás); Kenorland ( 2.7 a 2.1 bilhões de anos atrás); Colúmbia ( 1.8 a 1.5 bilhões de anos atrás); Rodínia ( 1.25 bilhões a 750 milhões de anos atrás); e Panótia ( 600 milhões de anos atrás), cuja dispersão produziu os fragmentos que finalmente colidiram para formar a Pangeia.

A segunda visão (Protopangea-Paleopangea), baseada em evidências paleomagnéticas e geológicas, é que os ciclos dos supercontinentes não ocorreram antes de cerca de 0.6 Ga (durante o Período Ediacarano). Em vez disso, a crosta continental compreendia um único supercontinente de cerca de 2,7 Ga (giga-ano, ou bilhões de anos atrás) até se separar pela primeira vez, algo em torno de 0,6 Ga. Esta reconstrução é baseada na observação de que, se apenas pequenas modificações periféricas forem feitas na reconstrução primária, os dados mostram que os pólos paleomagnéticos convergiram para posições quase estáticas por longos intervalos entre cerca de 2,7–2,2, 1,5–1,25 e 0,75–0,6 Ga. Durante os períodos intermediários, os pólos parecem ter se conformado a um caminho de desvio polar aparente unificado. Assim, os dados paleomagnéticos são adequadamente explicados pela existência de um único supercontinente Protopangea-Paleopangea com quase-integridade prolongada. A duração prolongada deste supercontinente pode ser explicada pela operação da tectônica das tampas (comparável à tectônica que opera em Marte e Vênus) durante os tempos pré- cambrianos, em oposição às placas tectônicas vistas na Terra contemporânea. No entanto, esta abordagem foi amplamente criticada por se basear na aplicação incorreta de dados paleomagnéticos.

Os tipos de minerais encontrados dentro de diamantes antigos sugerem que o ciclo de formação e ruptura supercontinental começou há cerca de três bilhões de anos (3,0 Ga). Antes de 3,2 bilhões de anos atrás apenas diamantes com composições peridotíticas (comumente encontrados no manto da Terra) se formavam, enquanto que após três bilhões de anos atrás os diamantes eclogíticos (rochas da crosta da superfície da Terra) tornaram-se predominantes. Acredita-se que essa mudança tenha ocorrido quando a subducção e a colisão continental introduziram eclogito em fluidos formadores de diamantes subcontinentais.

O hipotético ciclo do supercontinente é sobreposto pelo Ciclo de Wilson, nomeado em homenagem ao pioneiro da tectônica de placas John Tuzo Wilson, que descreve a abertura e o fechamento periódicos de bacias oceânicas a partir de uma única placa rifte. O material mais antigo do fundo do mar encontrado hoje data de apenas 170 milhões de anos, enquanto o material mais antigo da crosta continental encontrado hoje data de quatro bilhões de anos, mostrando a relativa brevidade dos ciclos regionais de Wilson em comparação com o pulso planetário visto no arranjo dos continentes.

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

 Reconstructions from "Paleomap Project"
 Plate reconstructions and movies from UTIG 'PLATES' project
 A Tectonic Rock Cycle

Tectónica de placas

Ciclo do supercontinente


Doncaster Rovers Football Club is a professional association football club based in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. The team compete in League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system. The club play their home games at The Eco-Power Stadium, having moved from Belle Vue in 2007. Their home strip consists of red and white hoops, which has been the main design of the club's home shirt since 2001 through different variations.

The club was founded in 1879 and turned professional six years later, moving to the Intake Ground. They entered the Midland League in 1891 and were elected into the Football League in 1901. The club lost re-election votes in 1903 and 1905 and so returned to the Midland League. They were admitted into the Football League for a third and final time in 1923 and went on to win the Third Division North in 1934–35. The club won two further Third Division North titles in 1946–47 and 1949–50, having been relegated from the Second Division in 1937 and 1948. Doncaster found themselves in the Fourth Division after suffering successive relegations in 1958 and 1959, though would win the Fourth Division title in 1965–66 and 1968–69. The club continued to move between the third and fourth tiers, winning promotions in 1980–81 and 1983–84 and relegations in 1983 and 1988, before suffering relegation into non-League football in 1998.

Doncaster regained their Football League status after winning the 2003 Conference play-offs and then went on to win the Third Division title in 2003–04. They won the Football League Trophy in 2007 and the next year won the League One play-offs to secure a place in the second tier for the first time since 1958. They spent four of the next five seasons in the Championship, winning the League One title in 2012–13, though were relegated out of the Championship in 2012 and 2014. Relegated into League Two in 2016, they won an immediate promotion in 2016–17 and remained in League One until relegation in 2022.

History

Early years
The club was formed in 1879 by Albert Jenkins, a fitter at Doncaster's Great Northern Railway works. He gathered together some friends to play a match against the Yorkshire Institute for the Deaf in September 1879. The institute side took a 4–0 lead but the game ended as a 4–4 draw. On walking back from the game, the team took a rest at the Hall Cross, and had a discussion in which they decided to play more and called themselves Doncaster Rovers.

The first match under the name was on 3 October 1879, a draw away against Rawmarsh. The club turned professional in 1885. Gradually, they became the main team in the town, and appear to have had their first professional players in 1887–88.

Rovers first entered the FA Cup in 1888–89, losing 9–1 to Rotherham Town at home. Season 1890–91 was to be a significant move forward. The club were a founder member of the Midland Alliance League and came second. The following season, saw them enter the Sheffield and Hallamshire FA Challenge Cup, beating Sheffield United 2–1 at Bramall Lane to win the final. That same season, they also moved up to the Midland League, becoming Champions in 1896–97 and 1898–99.

They were first elected to the Football League in 1901, as a replacement for New Brighton Tower. Their first season in the League was in fact the one when Doncaster achieved their highest position ever (7th in the Football League Second Division). They only lasted two seasons in the league before being voted out in favour of local rivals Bradford City, having finished the 1902 season in the bottom three.

They spent the following season in the Midland League, only managing 11th place out of 18 but were elected back to Division 2. This time, in 1904–05, Doncaster finished bottom with W3 D2 L29, adrift by 12 points, gaining only 8 points – an unfortunate still standing record. They were voted out once again. The following several seasons saw them finish lower midtable of the Midland League, till between 1910 and 1913 they had greater success. The last few years before the war mediocrity returned, and in August 1914 debts run up over the years led to voluntary liquidation. However, a new club was formed in time for the 1914–15 season and was accepted into the Midland League to continue where the old club had left off. The outbreak of the First World War meant the club closed down, and the army took over its ground using it as a depot.

Inter war period
The Club reformed as a limited company after the war in 1919, rejoining the Midland League a year later playing at their new temporary Bennetthorpe Ground. The first two seasons Rovers finished lower-mid table. The third season they moved to Belle Vue, finished runners up and were accepted into the Football League Division 3 North for 1923–24 to replace Stalybridge Celtic.

The first match back in the Football League was a 0–0 draw against Wigan Borough at Belle Vue on 25 August 1923, with Rovers playing in red tops with white shorts. One of the players in that first match was Rovers legend Tom Keetley who went on to become the Club's highest scorer with 186 goals in 241 appearances. Doncaster ended the season in 9th place. The next few seasons saw them rise towards the top of the table, then decline towards the bottom, before in the early 1930s finishing consistently near the top and finally becoming Champions in 1934–35.

Rovers spent two seasons in Division 2, relegated in 1936–37. However, they did well in the following two seasons before the outbreak of war, being runners up in Division 3 North, with only the champions being promoted at that time.

Second World War – late 1990s
Doncaster Rovers were involved in the longest ever competitive football match, against Stockport County at Edgeley Park on 30 March 1946, in a Division Three (North) cup tie. The match was deadlocked at 2–2 at 90 minutes, and after two 10-minute periods of extra time there was no further score. The rule at that time was that the game would carry on until one team scored. However, after 203 minutes, and with darkness closing in, the game was finally stopped. Fans were said to have left the game, gone home for their tea, and come back to watch the end of the game. The replay, at Doncaster, was won by Rovers 4–0, goals coming from Steven Bain, Billy Mortimer and a late double from Graeme Dunne.

In 1946–47 Doncaster set a record for the most games won in a league season (33), when they won the Third Division North title. The following season saw them relegated from the Second Division, but two years later with Peter Doherty as player-manager, they won the Third Division North again. This time they stayed in the Second Division for eight seasons, their most successful period to date.

During this time, several high class players were with Doncaster including Harry Gregg who kept goal, and was sold to Manchester United in December 1957 for £23,500. At the time, he was the most expensive goalkeeper in the world. He went on to help save lives in the Munich air disaster and was a regular goalkeeper for Northern Ireland. Another player, lesser known outside Doncaster, was Alick Jeffrey. Matt Busby, manager of Manchester United, had lined him up to be bought, however in October 1956 Jeffrey badly broke his leg playing for England under-23s. This ended his move and any chance of what was seen to be an almost certain glittering international career to come. Doncaster suffered two consecutive relegations in 1958 and 1959 to drop to the Fourth Division.

Billy Bremner, who achieved fame for his playing career with Leeds United and Scotland, managed Doncaster twice, his final spell ending in November 1991 – six years before his death.

Richardson era
During the early 1990s, Ken Richardson, who was later described by detectives as "the type that would trample a two-year-old child to pick up a 2p bit", took over as the majority shareholder of the club. He ploughed a lot of money into Doncaster Rovers with one thing on his mind, a new stadium. When he was refused a new stadium by the council he soon lost interest. Richardson hired three men to torch Belle Vue and planned to sell the ground to developers. The attempt put Richardson in jail for four years, ruined Belle Vue and Rovers were edging closer to relegation. In 1998 Rovers dropped out of the league with a −83 goal difference. He withdrew his financial backing and as a result the club was subject to an administration order. The better players left to ease some of the financial burden but unfortunately, the players who were left at Rovers were just not up to the task. The fans blamed Richardson for effectively destroying Rovers and even a funeral was held at Belle Vue on the last game of the 1997/98 season complete with coffin along Carr House Road. Just weeks after Rovers were relegated, Richardson was found guilty of trying to set fire to the Rovers ground, apparently hoping to pay off the club's debts with the insurance money.

The rise
The Westferry Consortium took over the Club just before the beginning of the 1998–99 season with a commitment to invest heavily in the club. The details of this season are collected in Ian McMahon's book The Only Way Is Up. They also brought in John Ryan as a non-executive chairman and he took over at the end of this season. Having aspirations of returning it to the second tier where he had seen them when he was a boy, he stated he would build a new stadium within ten years, both of which he went on to achieve within the ten years. Doncaster found their best form in 50 years in the 2000s.

After five seasons in the Conference League, under the helm of manager Dave Penney the club returned to the fourth tier (known at the time as Division Three) after winning the 2003 Conference play-off final, in the only sudden death goal (also known as a "Golden Goal" and officially known as "Promotion Goal" in this game) in history of English football promotion play-offs. In 2003–04, the first season they were back in the Football League, Rovers achieved promotion to the third tier as champions. Doncaster were the first team to win the Fourth Division/Third Division (fourth level) Championship three times, 1966, 1969, and 2004. Football League rules state that any team who wins a trophy three times can keep it. When Rovers tried to retain ownership of the actual Third Division trophy, the Football League claimed that Rovers could not keep the trophy because the league names had changed from Fourth to Third Division, and so they had not won that particular league three times. Doncaster were the last team to win Division Three before it was renamed League Two.

In 2005–06, Doncaster beat two Premiership teams in the League Cup – Manchester City and Aston Villa. They reached the quarter finals of the competition where they met Arsenal. They went ahead in normal time and Arsenal equalised, and in extra time Rovers went up for a second time but Gilberto Silva equalised in injury time and the North London side went on to win on penalties.

Penney left in August 2006 feeling he had taken the club as far as he could and was swiftly replaced with former AFC Bournemouth manager Sean O'Driscoll, with Richard O'Kelly as assistant manager.

A new stadium was completed in December 2006. Doncaster's first game at the new Keepmoat Stadium was against Huddersfield Town on New Year's Day, 2007 and the first goal scored at the Stadium was by Mark McCammon.

2007–present
On 1 April 2007, Doncaster Rovers travelled with their new manager to the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff to play Bristol Rovers in the Football League Trophy final. Playing in front of over 59,000 people, this was Rovers' first major cup final in the club's history. They got off to the perfect start when a tap in from Jonathan Forte and a brilliant finish from Paul Heffernan put Rovers 2–0 up within the first 5 minutes. However, after a brave fight back from Bristol Rovers, the game finished 2–2, so it went to extra time. In the second half of extra time a Sean Thornton corner was headed home by skipper Graeme Lee who had come forward from his central defensive position. Doncaster held on to claim their first major trophy.

2007–08 proved to be one of the most exciting seasons in Doncaster's history. After a slow start they were in serious contention for a top-six finish for much of the second half of the season. Defeat away at Cheltenham Town on the final day of the season cost them automatic promotion and they finished third, with Nottingham Forest taking 2nd place. After a 0–0 draw away to Southend United in the playoff semifinals first leg, Rovers beat their opponents 5–1 at home in the second leg including a James Coppinger hat-trick to advance to the League One play-off final at Wembley on Sunday 25 May 2008 where they beat Leeds United 1–0 to move into Football League Championship after a half century absence. A James Hayter headed goal in the 47th minute was enough to secure victory in front of over 75,000 fans at Wembley.

The first half of the 2008–09 season saw Doncaster struggling to adapt to the Championship despite a promising start with an away win over newly relegated Derby County. A long run of bad results saw them bottom of the Championship on 20 December 2008 following a narrow 1–0 defeat to Wolves at home. Rovers managed to turn things around soon after and enjoyed an undefeated run of 8 Championship games, starting with a thrilling 4–2 win at relegation rivals Nottingham Forest on Boxing Day. The win against Sheffield Wednesday on Saturday 14 February was especially memorable considering it was the first time Doncaster had defeated the Owls in any league competition. The streak ended at the hands of Swansea City on Saturday 21 February after a 3–1 defeat at the Liberty Stadium. Doncaster Rovers secured their place in the Championship for the 2009–10 season after an emphatic 3–0 win at Home Park against Plymouth Argyle. Doncaster ended their first season in the Championship comfortably in 14th position, finishing above 8 former Premier League teams, including Charlton Athletic, Southampton, Crystal Palace and Derby County. The survival was also a major feat, as before the start of that season, they were tipped by many as strong favourites for relegation.

Doncaster finished the 2009–10 season marginally better than their first season back in the Championship, in 12th and earning two more points than the previous season with 60 points. This was despite a promising period towards the end of the season which saw Doncaster close to the play-off places, thanks in part to Sheffield United loanee Billy Sharp who scored 15 goals during his stay. The 2009–10 season's success became a football league record. Having become the first team to be bottom of the table at Christmas, but still managed to survive the drop.

The 2010–11 season proved to be Doncaster's most trying season in the Championship thus far. Despite a club record signing of £1.15 million for Billy Sharp, the season was plagued by injuries to key players, as well as poor form. They finished in 21st place, 6 points clear of relegated local rivals Sheffield United and Scunthorpe United.

Rovers struggled in the 2011–12 season; seven games into the season, Rovers had failed to win a game ( no wins, one draw, six losses). This led to the sacking of manager Sean O'Driscoll and assistant manager Richard O'Kelly. On 23 September 2011, Dean Saunders was unveiled as the new boss, leaving Wrexham. His reign started unbeaten in three games. With the controversial help of football agent Willie McKay, Rovers brought in several players on loans and short-term contracts, and on low wages, including El Hadji Diouf, Pascal Chimbonda, Herita Ilunga, Carl Ikeme, Frédéric Piquionne, and Habib Beye. However, Doncaster were relegated to League One with three games still to play. Many supporters blamed the failure to stay in the Championship on McKay's involvement, others felt it was worth the try. At the end of the 2011–12 season, chairman John Ryan deemed the McKay "experiment" over as it "didn't work" and "wouldn't work in the third tier" anyway.

The squad was rebuilt for the 2012–13 season with 19 players leaving. Expectations were low, but after an average start, Saunders' team ended up firmly in the promotion positions by the end of 2012. On 7 January, Saunders filled the vacant managers position at Wolves and on 17 January caretaker manager Brian Flynn was given the permanent managers job till the end of the season with Rob Jones as player coach. In an incredible finale to the season at Griffin Park, they beat Brentford 0–1 when James Coppinger scored in the last seconds of 5 minutes of added time, only seconds after Brentford's Marcello Trotta had hit a penalty against the crossbar. If Brentford had won, they would have been promoted and Doncaster would have to compete in the play-offs. As it was, the goal put Doncaster one point above Bournemouth as champions.

Following promotion to the Championship for the 2013–14 season, Brian Flynn was moved to become Director of Football and overseeing the newly formed development squad which would be playing competitive games. Paul Dickov was brought in as manager with Brian Horton as his assistant. To boost support for their chosen charity, Bluebell Wood Children's Hospice, the club signed One Direction singer Louis Tomlinson on a non-contract basis.

On 9 November, John Ryan gave an emotional farewell and stepped down as Chairman of the Club after 15 years, minutes before the kick-off against a Championship encounter against Barnsley at Oakwell, amid reports of boardroom disagreements following a proposed takeover bid by a hedge-fund consortium led by Sequentia Capital. On 3 May 2014, Doncaster were relegated back to League One after just one season following a 1–0 defeat to Leicester City on the final day of the season.

Rovers finished the 2014–15 season in 13th place, before being relegated to League Two after finishing 21st in 2015–16 with new manager Darren Ferguson. The 2016–17 season saw them being promoted back to League One at the first attempt in 3rd position, missing out on the title on the final day of the season.

Darren Ferguson left his post in June 2018 and was replaced by another former Peterborough boss in Grant McCann ahead of the 2018–19 season. Under McCann, Rovers finished sixth in League One, qualifying for the end of season play-offs where they faced Charlton Athletic over two legs. A 2–1 defeat in the first leg and an early Krystian Bielik goal in the second left Rovers with a mountain to climb at The Valley, but goals from  captain Tommy Rowe and Andy Butler forced extra time. John Marquis put Rovers ahead for the first time in extra time, only for Darren Pratley to equalise a minute later. Rovers lost the penalty shoot-out 4–3 with misses coming from Rowe and Marquis as they fell just short of making the Wembley Stadium showdown.

McCann left in the summer for Championship side Hull City and was replaced by former defender Darren Moore ahead of the 2019–20 campaign. With the club sitting around the play-offs in December, the club's season looked to be going well. However, Moore moved to struggling Sheffield Wednesday on 1 March 2021, and Andy Butler was appointed as interim manager for the remainder of the season. Doncaster finished the season in 14th place in League One.

For the 2021–22 season, former trophy winning Doncaster Rovers player Richie Wellens was installed as first team manager, with Noel Hunt as assistant manager. Wellens was relieved of his duties as Doncaster Rovers manager on 2 December 2021. Doncaster appointed then under-18s manager Gary McSheffrey as the interim manager, later deciding that McSheffrey was a good fit, and gave him the position full-time on 29 December 2021. Doncaster Rovers finished the season in 22nd place, relegating them to League Two. Rovers then finished 18th in League Two in the 2022–2023 season, sacking McSheffrey in October 2022 then his successor Danny Schofield after the season's end, before re-appointing Grant McCann as manager on 12 May 2023.

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Academy

The youth system currently has Category 3 status with the U18 academy team playing in the EFL Youth Alliance North East Conference league.

Non-playing staff

Stadium

1885–1915 – Intake Ground

For the first six years the club began playing their games wherever they could, on playing fields at Town Moor and the Racecourse. They gained a permanent ground in 1885 when they started playing their games near the Institute for the Deaf and Dumb and so was known as the Deaf and Dumb Ground. A year later the stadium was officially named as the Intake Ground. A few months after completion, the roof blew off the stand, and the same happened in 1894 on the press and team officials stand after a gale. They played their football there until August 1914  when the club went into liquidation. A new company did take over the club soon after but all English league competition was suspended in 1915 due to the First World War and the club was closed down and the ground turned into an Army depot.

1920–1922 – Bennetthorpe Ground
When the Club was reformed after the war in the summer of 1919, the Army were still occupying the old Intake Ground as a depot. They had wanted to move to Low Pastures but restrictions set by the local council meant this was not a viable option. The Club did not join the Midland League until 1920–21, by which time and as a temporary solution, a field was found on the south side of Bennetthorpe for which they were given a two-year lease. On the first day of the second season (1921–22) there, in the Midland League, the Bennetthorpe Ground saw 7,219 people watch Rovers against Gainsborough Trinity. The ground consisted of a small stand on one side and small organised terraces around the pitch. Some of the fencing/gates on Town Moor Avenue remain.

1922–2006 – Low Pasture, Belle Vue

With council restrictions on the six acre Low Pastures site having been satisfactorily negotiated, the Club moved there for the beginning of the 1922–23 season. Large amounts of ash from nearby coal tips was laid as a base for the pitch, serving it well throughout its years of use with superb drainage. Initially, there was a stand for 4,000 seated fans with terracing in front for another 3,000. The ground had a unique feature in that home and away teams had separate entrances. The stadium was opened in 1922 by Charles Sutcliffe, a representative of the Football League when it was named Belle Vue. The first match there was against Gainsborough Trinity in the Midland League with an attendance of 10,000. After two years, shelter was added for standing spectators on the "Popular Side". A few years later in 1927, the stand from the Bennetthorpe Ground was jacked up and moved to the new venue providing a sheltered stand at the "Town End". The "Popular Side" was extended in 1927 and concreted in 1928. Turnstiles, gates and fencing were added in 1935, and in 1938 the "Popular Side" stand roof was replaced and put further back increasing the capacity of Belle Vue to 40,000. In 1947 the stadium recorded its highest attendance of 37,099 against Hull City, although apocryphal accounts refute this and claim that many more gained entry to the ground by climbing over walls and thus avoided having to pay.

Following the Bradford City stadium fire disaster, in 1985 the wooden "Cow Shed", as the old Bennetthorpe stand was known, had to be removed for safety reasons. Mining subsidence in 1987 meant much of the "Pop Side" was removed, drastically reducing the grounds capacity to around 10,000. Further safety conditions imposed after the Hillsborough disaster led the capacity to fall to 7,294.

When the Westferry Consortium took over the club in 1998 one of the first guarantees was to help establish a new stadium for the club. Belle Vue had never been upgraded heavily since 1938 and despite minor cosmetic changes and the addition of some seating was really showing its age by the time Westferry took over. Despite this, some improvements were made in the last few years of its use as the Club rose out of the Conference, through Division 3 and into League 1. The Town End terracing was made safe and usable with portacabins added as executive stands behind it. The Rossington End was also extended and updated, with the capacity in its final years rising to around 11,500.

In 2003 it was renamed the Earth Stadium after Earth Finance started sponsoring the ground. Belle Vue was Doncaster's home for 84 years.

2007–present – Keepmoat/Eco-Power Stadium

A new 15,231 all-seated stadium owned by Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council and rented by the club, was completed in December 2006. The first game at the new Keepmoat Stadium was against Huddersfield Town on New Year's Day, 2007. The game also saw the first three red cards in the new stadium. Doncaster Rovers' centre forward Mark McCammon was the first player ever to score on the new pitch in a football match. The official opening of the Keepmoat Stadium was on 3 August 2007, with Doncaster Rovers playing a Manchester United XI in front of a crowd of 13,080. United won the game 2–0 with Anderson making his debut for them.

On 19 June 2012 it was confirmed that Doncaster Rovers had secured a 99-year operating lease from the council to lead the management of the Keepmoat stadium with a view to improving operating results. The change placed the club back in charge of its home stadium after the period of renting since its move from Belle Vue (also leased from the council) in 2007. On 11 August 2012, the stadium was officially handed over to chairman John Ryan in a presentation before the League Cup tie with York City.

On 27 December 2021, the stadium underwent a name change in line with the sponsorship rights being handed over from Keepmoat Homes to the Eco-Power Group.

Training facilities
Doncaster train at Cantley Park which has been their main training facility since June 2000. The site was originally leased from Case IH.

Crests

Like most of the early English football clubs, the original crest adopted by Doncaster Rovers was that of the local coat of arms. The coat of arms of Doncaster at the time was of two lions holding Yorkshire roses in their mouths as well as a red shield depicting the old medieval Doncaster Castle. The coat of arms is primarily red and white which explains the team's decision to adopt red and white as their colours. The club stopped using Doncaster's coat of arms in 1972 when the Viking crest was introduced.

In the sixties Doncaster council denied Rovers permission to use the coat of arms and therefore a competition was held, from which the best design would be selected as the club's new badge. The winner and current crest was designed by a group of local students and named "the Viking".

When the new crest was introduced it included a monochrome Viking image overlaying a red and white circle, which denoted the club's colours, along with the year of the club's formation 1879. The Viking image would become known as "The Turk's Head". Also included on the crest was a shield with the club's initials – D.R.F.C. as well as the Yorkshire white rose in reference to the club's location. The inset shield was also coloured red and white to denote the team colours. In the early 1990s the crest was altered, omitting the red and white circle background and the Viking image was coloured gold.

A further modification to the Doncaster Rovers crest was introduced in 2006 and used until 2012. This version included a new Yorkshire rose design on the shield as well as a slightly different Viking image in dark yellow.

The club reverted to the previously used design in 2012 with a two-tone gold background. This is the version still in use by the club today.

Honours

League
Third Division North / League One (level 3)
Champions: 1934–35 (North), 1946–47 (North), 1949–50 (North), 2012–13
Runners-up: 1937–38 (North), 1938–39 (North)
Play-off winners: 2008

Fourth Division / Third Division / League Two (level 4)
Champions: 1965–66, 1968–69, 2003–04
Runners-up: 1983–84
Promoted: 1980–81, 2016–17

Football Conference (level 5)
Play-off winners: 2003

Midland Football League
Champions: 1896–97, 1898–99
Runners-up: 1900–01, 1922–23

Midland Alliance League
Runners-up: 1890–91

Yorkshire League
Runners-up: 1898–99

Cup
Football League Trophy
Winners: 2006–07

Conference League Cup
Winners: 1998–99, 1999–2000

Sheffield and Hallamshire County Cup
Winners (7): 1935–36, 1937–38, 1940–41, 1955–56, 1967–68, 1975–76, 1985–86

League history

Doncaster Rovers have played their football in the following leagues:

Midland Alliance League
1890–91

Midland Football League:
1891–92 to 1900–01,
1903–04,
1905–06 to 1922–23

Football League:
1901–02 to 1902–03,
1904–05,
1923–24 to 1997–98,
2003–04 to Present

2nd Tier – Division 2, Championship:
1901–02 to 1902–03,
1904–05,
1935–36 to 1936–37,
1947–48,
1950–51 to 1957–58,
2008–09 to 2011–12,
2013–14

3rd Tier – Division 3 North, Division 3, League 1:
1923–24 to 1934–35,
1937–38 to 1946–47,
1948–49 to 1949–50,
1958–59,
1966–67,
1969–70 to 1970–71,
1981–82 to 1982–83,
1984–85 to 1987–88,
2004–05 to 2007–08,
2012–13, 2014–15 to 2015–16, 2017–18 to 2020–21

4th Tier – Division 4, Division 3:
1959–60 to 1965–66,
1967–68 to 1968–69,
1971–72 to 1980–81,
1983–84,
1988–89 to 1997–98,
2003–04, 2016–17,
2022–23 to Present

5th Tier – Football Conference
1998–99 to 2002–03

Last 10 seasons

Pos = Position; P = Played; W = Won; D = Drawn; L = Lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points

Managerial history

Kits and sponsorship

From 1879 to 1885 Doncaster played in blue and white, and since then red and white. The club's first strip was a navy blue and white strip with a yellow diagonal cross. The kit uniquely included a blue Tam o' Shanter with a red toorie at the centre. A solid red shirt with a black collar was the first design adopted when the club first entered the English Football league in 1901. Since 2001 the club have played in a red and white hooped home shirt.

The home shirts have been red and white hooped (44 seasons), solid red (37), solid white (18), and red and white striped (10).

In recent years, Rovers have had a third kit each season promoting mental health charity Campaign Against Living Miserably (CALM), with proceeds of certain home games being donated to the charity.

LNER pledged their sponsorship for 2 further years after the 2018–2019 season. Stoneacre also agreed a new contract with the club to last until the end of the 2021–2022 season extending the partnership to 13 years.

*This sponsor appears on the back of the home kit

Player of the Year
The following players have won Doncaster Rovers Player of the year award.

Records

Other teams
Doncaster Rovers Belles have historically been one of the most successful sides in the women's game, however over recent years, partly due to highly controversial FA decisions and policy, they have fallen down the league ladder. They were formed by Rover's lottery ticket saleswomen in 1969 as Belle Vue Belles. They merged with the Official DRFC Women's side in 2003 becoming Doncaster Rovers Belles, though they were still run independently. In 2019 they became part of Club Doncaster. They currently play in the FA Women's National League Division One Midlands. Their home games are played at Oxford Street, Rossington.

Whilst not affiliated in any way to the English club, Doncaster Rovers of Melbourne, Australia, who play in the Victoria Leagues, were formed in 1967 and named after them.

Mascot
The team's mascot, previously portrayed by Andrew Liney, is a brown dog known as Donny Dog that wears a red and white Rovers jersey. Before a scheduled appearance during the game against Huddersfield Town at the Galpharm Stadium on 4 March 2006, police prevented Liney from entering the stadium in costume, citing unspecified "police intelligence", and refused him permission to wear any part of the costume within 50 metres of the stadium. Mr Liney later received a full written apology for these unfounded allegations from the head of West Yorkshire Police. The mascot was next portrayed by Tracy Chandler and in June 2011, she was relieved from the position after she posed in her underwear for a Sunday newspaper. Later in the same week she was reinstated back as the club's mascot.

A second mascot, a yellow haired and bearded Viking with a helmet and wearing the away shirt named Eric the Viking, made its first appearance at the home game against Yeovil on 25 February 2013.

Fanzine
Doncaster Rovers' fanzine is called "Popular Stand" which was first launched in January 1998. Previously there have been several other fanzines "Raise The Roof", "Warboys is still God" and "Keegan Was Crap Really" which are no longer being published. The fanzine sells at £1 which is the same price as when it was first published in 1998. All of its profits of the fanzine are donated to Doncaster Rovers or related causes. Popular Stand is currently edited by Glen Wilson.

In 2016 Popular Stand won the Football Supporters' Federation Fanzine of the Year.

Rivalries
Doncaster Rovers' main rivals are Rotherham United, Barnsley, and Scunthorpe United, with Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United, Chesterfield, Leeds United, Mansfield Town and Nottingham Forest all being rivalries to a lesser extent.

In popular culture

TV
In 1998 Rovers featured in a documentary on Yorkshire Television. This episode titled "Trading Places" documents and contrasts the 1997–98 season for two of the region's football clubs; Rovers heading out of the Football League and Halifax Town heading the opposite the way as Champions of the Conference. Also in 1998 the club was featured in the 1998 Channel 5 'fly-on-the-wall' documentary "They Think It's All Rovers" in which it showed the fall of Rovers. In the early 1980s there was a documentary about Billy Bremner as the manager of Rovers. The documentary is notable not only for the inside look at the pre-match preparations, warm-up conducted in the dressing rooms, starting line-up read out as if it is coming to Bremner there and then, but for such rare footage of early 1980s Belle Vue, with a full-size Popular Stand and the Cow Shed still standing at the Town End.

References

External links

Football clubs in England
Sport in Doncaster
Association football clubs established in 1879
Football clubs in South Yorkshire
English Football League clubs
EFL Trophy winners
1879 establishments in England
Sheffield & Hallamshire County FA members
Midland Football League (1889)
National League (English football) clubs
Companies that have entered administration in the United Kingdom

Doncaster Rovers F.C.


Anaís Vivas (Caracas, Venezuela; 25 de agosto de 1989), es una cantante venezolana, que ha tenido un éxito notable con su disco debut Ser, posicionando su tema «Muero por ti» y «Por el resto de mi vida» en el conteo musical de Record Report en 2011, y obteniendo reconocimiento internacional con el Premio Heat HTV como Mejor Artista Femenina.

Biografía
Vivas nació en Caracas. Durante su infancia cursó estudios musicales tanto en Caracas como en Miami, en la adolescencia estudió en el Conservatorio Nacional de Música Manuel Alberto López de Caracas. Además de preparase en el canto, incursionó en la danza (flamenco, tap y jazz) y la actuación. Su debut en teatro musical lo hizo con el papel de Gretl Von Trapp en la puesta musical de La novicia rebelde. A la edad de 13 años debuta como solista en la interpretación de La Habanera de la Ópera Carmen.

Sus estudios superiores los realizó en el Frost School of Music de la Universidad de Miami, donde obtuvo una beca con la que alcanzó la licenciatura en Music Business and Entertainment Industries, con mención en canto lírico, especializándose en teatro musical. Paralelamente formó parte de la fila de sopranos de la Frost Chorale, con quienes estuvo de gira por el estado de Florida y España.

Carrera musical

2011—2013: Disco debut Ser
En septiembre de 2011 estrenó en la radio venezolana «Muero por ti», su primer tema promocional, una balada pop con fusiones y matices de canto lírico. El sencillo se posicionó entre el top 10 del Record Report nacional y con esto obtuvo un puesto entre los cantantes con más votos obtenidos durante ese año. El videoclip que estuvo bajo la dirección de Diego Osorio, fue lanzado semanas más tarde y logró entrar a la rotación de varias cadenas de videos musicales.

En noviembre de 2011 Anais estrena su primer material discográfico titulado «Ser», el disco contó con la producción de Juan Carlos Pérez Soto. Su segundo sencillo promocional, titulado «Un mundo sin jamás», un tema escrito por el cantante puertorriqueño Luis Fonsi. A finales de ese año, la artista colaboró en el aguinaldo «Niño lindo» junto con el cantautor venezolano Rafael "Pollo" Brito.

Anaís abrió el concierto de la cantante Laura Pausini de Caracas y el concierto del grupo Il Volo ese mismo año. En diciembre de 2012 lanza el sencillo «Diciembre otra vez», como parte de una campaña para UNICEF y en 2013 Anais estrena el video de su sencillo «Ser», donde contó con la participación de sus fanáticos, quienes compartieron sus videos a través de su página de Facebook.

En la ceremonia de los Premios Pepsi Music de ese año resulta ganadora en la categoría Mejor Artista Femenina y ese mismo año estrena el videoclip para el tema «Por el resto de mi vida»

2014—presente
En 2014 Anais logra nuevamente ganar en la categoría Mejor Artista Femenina en los Premios Pepsi Music.

En 2015 graba el sencillo «Corazón oculto», tema principal de la película venezolana «Hasta Que La Muerte Nos Separe», dirigida por Abraham Pulido. Meses más tarde, obtiene el Premio Heat de la cadena HTV como Mejor Artista Femenina, compartiendo la categoría con las cantantes Shakira, Gloria Trevi, Adriana Lucía, Duina del mar y Farina. Este premio es el primer reconocimiento internacional alcanzado en su carrera.

Posteriormente trabajó en la producción de su segundo material discográfico, cuyo lanzamiento está previsto para este mismo año. En esta ocasión Anais trabaja junto al reconocido productor musical Humberto Gatica y los compositores Juan Carlos Pérez Soto, Fernando Osorio, Jaime Ciero y Jorge Luis Chacín.

En 2021, colaboró con el cantante Simón en el tema «Te diria que si».

Discografía

Álbumes de estudio
 2011: Ser

Sencillos
 «Muero por ti»
 «Un mundo sin jamás»
 «Nada mejor que tú»
 «Ser»
 «Por el resto de mi vida»

Otras canciones
 «Niño lindo» (con Rafael "Pollo" Brito)
 «Diciembre otra vez»
 «Corazón oculto»
 «Duendecillos en la cama» (con Víctor Muñoz)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Alumnado de la Universidad de Miami
Cantantes en español
Cantantes de balada romántica de Venezuela
Cantantes femeninas de Venezuela
Músicos de Venezuela
Nacidos en Caracas
Caraqueñas

Anaís Vivas


Mons. dr. Pavao Kero, hrvatski katolički svećenik. Preko 35 godina bio je ravnateljem Stalne izložbe crkvene umjetnosti. Grad Zadar dodijelio mu je za to nagradu za životno djelo.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Životopisi, Zadar

Pavao Kero


Bahrain Telecommunication Company BSC, trading as Batelco, () is the principal telecommunications company in Bahrain. The company's headquarters are in Bahrain and the company is listed on the Bahrain Bourse. The Chairman of the Board is Abdulla Bin Khalifa Al Khalifa.

It provides services for mobiles through UMTS 2100 and LTE 1800 (the GSM network was shut down on 31 December 2019) while its residential Internet is an ADSL, Wireless (4G/5G) or FTTH service. Batelco is one of Bahrain's five Internet service providers.

Ownership

Batelco was established in 1981 as a Bahraini public joint stock company and has an authorized share capital of BD200 million (US$531 million).

Batelco's major shareholders include Orascom Investment Holding (60%) and the Government of Bahrain (through Mumtalakat Holding Company, Amber Holding Company and Social Insurance Organisation; 40%), various financial and commercial organizations, and private Bahraini, Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC) and international investors.

Employees
Batelco employs approximately 936 people in Bahrain. Mikkel Vinter is the current chief executive officer of Batelco.

Mergers and acquisitions
1998: 44% of Qualitynet was acquired by Batelco in a public offering by Kuwait's Ministry of Communication, as part of a strategy to privatise Internet and data communications services within the State of Kuwait.
2001: Batelco Jordan was formed following the merger of National Equipment Telecommunications Systems (NETS) and First Telecommunications Group (FTG) with Batelco.
2003: Batelco Egypt Communications (S.A.E.) was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of Batelco Middle East, in Cairo as an Egyptian Joint Stock Closed Company.
2006: Batelco purchases 96% share of Umniah Mobile Communications – Jordan.
2007: Batelco purchased a 20% stake in Yemen's SabaFon mobile communications company, for US$144 million in cash.
2008: Consortiums led by Batelco, Hong Kong's PCCW and U.S. Verizon Communications won final approval to operate a new Saudi fixed-line phone network called Etihad Atheeb Telecom Company. Etihad Atheeb has since gone public in February 2009, offering 30 million shares at SAR 10 per share (US$2.67) representing 30% of its capital in an IPO; which was 2.5 times oversubscribed.  The IPO raised US$80 million.
 Batelco Group offers to purchase the remaining 20 percent shares not already held by the Group in Batelco Jordan, for a total consideration of JD2.126 million ($3m). Through its 96 percent-owned subsidiary Umniah Mobile Communications, Batelco made the offer to all Batelco Jordan shareholders, valuing the company at JD10.629 million.

2009: Batelco partnered with Millennium Private Equity to form Batelco Millennium India Company Limited (BMICL) to purchase 49% stake in Chennai based S Tel Limited, a recently established Indian mobile operator, for US$225 million.
2012: Batelco announced its agreement for the sale of its shareholding (42.7% equity) in S Tel Private Limited (STel) to its Indian partner, Sky City Foundation Limited for BD 65.8M (US$174.5M).
2013: Batelco announced the acquisition of Cable & Wireless Communications' (CWC) interest in Dhiraagu (Maldives), Sure Channel Islands and Isle of Man and CWC operations in Falkland Islands, St Helena, Ascension and Diego Garcia ("SADG"). Total consideration paid for these assets was $570M.
2014: Batelco Group acquired Ali Alghanim & Sons General Trading and Contracting Company W.L.L. (the "Alghanims") 46% shareholding in Quality Net.
2019: Batelco sold its 90% shareholding in QualityNet to Viva Kuwait (part of stc). Batelco also created a new division called BNET, which provides broadband network services to all licensed operators including Batelco. Whereas, Batelco remained focused solely on retail and corporate operations.

See also
Telecommunications in Bahrain

References

External links

Telecommunications companies established in 1981
Telecommunications companies of Bahrain
Companies listed on the Bahrain Bourse
Bahraini companies established in 1981
1981 establishments in Bahrain

Batelco


A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by sporocarps (fungal spore pods) in rings or arcs, as well as by a necrotic zone (dead grass), or a ring of dark green grass. Fungus mycelium is present in the ring or arc underneath. The rings may grow to over  in diameter, and they become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground.

Fairy rings are the subject of much folklore and myth worldwide—particularly in Western Europe. They are often seen as hazardous or dangerous places, and linked with witches or the Devil in folklore. Conversely, they can sometimes be linked with good fortune.

Genesis
The mycelium of a fungus growing in the ground absorbs nutrients by secretion of enzymes from the tips of the hyphae (threads making up the mycelium). This breaks down larger molecules in the soil into smaller molecules that are absorbed through the hyphae walls near their growing tips. The mycelium moves outward from the center, and when the nutrients in the center are exhausted, the center dies, forming a living ring, from which the fairy ring arises.

There are two theories regarding the process involved in creating fairy rings. One states that the fairy ring is begun by a spore from the sporocarpus. The underground presence of the fungus can also cause withering or varying colour or growth of the grass above. The second theory, which is presented in the investigations of Japanese scientists on the Tricholoma matsutake species, shows that fairy rings could be established by connecting neighbouring oval genets of these mushrooms. If they make an arc or a ring, they continuously grow about the centre of this object.

Necrotic or rapid growth zones

One of the manifestations of fairy ring growth is a necrotic zone—an area in which grass or other plant life has withered or died. During a dry year, these zones are caused by the mycelia, which coat the roots of grasses and other herbs in meadows. After some time, they are removed by biotic factors from the ground; at this stage, a zone on the surface soil becomes visible. Patterns other than the basic ring or arc are also possible: circles, doubled arcs, sickle-shaped arcs, and other complicated formations are also formed by this process. Fungi can deplete the soil of readily available nutrients such as nitrogen, causing plants growing within the circle to be stressed, which leads to plant discoloration. Some fungi also produce chemicals that act like hormones called gibberellins, which affect plant growth, causing rapid luxuriant growth.

Long-term observations of fairy rings on Shillingstone Hill in Dorset, England, further suggested that the cycle depended on the continuous presence of rabbits. Chalky soils on higher elevations in the counties of Wiltshire and Dorset in southern England used to support many meadow-type fairy rings. Rabbits crop grass short in open areas and produce nitrogen-rich droppings. Mushrooms need more soil nitrogen than grass does. A ring can start from only a few spores from which the mycelium develops; the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms appearing only later when sufficient mycelial mass has been generated to support them. Subsequent generations of fungi grow only outward because the parent generations have depleted their local nitrogen levels. Meanwhile, rabbits keep cropping the grass, but do not eat the fungi, allowing them to grow through their competition to tower, relatively, above the grass. By the time a circle of mushrooms reaches about  in diameter, rabbit droppings have replenished the nitrogen levels near the centre of the circle, and a secondary ring may start to grow inside the first.

Soil analysis of soil containing mycelium from a wood blewit (Clitocybe nuda) fairy ring under Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in southeast Sweden yielded fourteen halogenated low molecular weight organic compounds, three of which were brominated and the others chlorinated. It is unclear whether these were metabolites or pollutants. Brominated compounds are unknown as metabolites from terrestrial fungi.

Types
There are two generally recognised types of fairy ring fungus. Those found in the woods are called tethered because they are formed by mycorrhizal fungi living in symbiosis with trees. Meadow fairy rings are called free because they are disconnected from other organisms. These mushrooms are saprotrophic. The effects on the grass depend on the type of fungus that is growing; when Calvatia cyathiformis is growing in the area, grass grows more abundantly; however, Leucopaxillus giganteus causes the grass to wither.

Species involved

About 60 mushroom species can grow in the fairy ring pattern. The best known is the edible Scotch bonnet (Marasmius oreades), commonly known as the fairy ring champignon.

One of the largest rings ever found is near Belfort in northeastern France. Formed by Infundibulicybe geotropa, it is thought to be about  in diameter and over 700 years old. On the South Downs in southern England,  Calocybe gambosa has formed huge fairy rings that also appear to be several hundred years old.

List of species

Cultural references

Oral tradition and folklore

A great deal of folklore surrounds fairy rings. Their names in European languages often allude to supernatural origins; they are known as  ("witches' circles") in French, and  ("witches' rings") in German. In German tradition, fairy rings were thought to mark the site of witches' dancing on Walpurgis Night, and Dutch superstition claimed that the circles show where the Devil set his milk churn. In Tyrol, folklore attributed fairy rings to the fiery tails of flying dragons; once a dragon had created such a circle, nothing but toadstools could grow there for seven years. European superstitions routinely warned against entering a fairy ring. French tradition reported that fairy rings were guarded by giant bug-eyed toads that cursed those who violated the circles. In other parts of Europe, entering a fairy ring would result in losing an eye. Fairy rings are associated with diminutive spirits in the Philippines.

Western European traditions, including English, Scandinavian, and Celtic, claimed that fairy rings are the result of elves or fairies dancing. Such ideas dated to at least the mediæval period; The Middle English term  ("elf-ring"), meaning "a ring of daisies caused by elves' dancing" dates to the 12th century. In his History of the Goths (1628),  Swedish writer Olaus Magnus makes this connection, saying that fairy rings are burned into the ground by the dancing of elves. British folklorist Thomas Keightley noted that in Scandinavia in the early 19th century, beliefs persisted that fairy rings (elfdans) arose from the dancing of elves. Keightley warned that while entering an elfdans might allow the interloper to see the elves—although this was not guaranteed—it would also put the intruder in thrall to their illusions.

The folklores of Britain and Ireland contain a wealth of fairy lore, including the idea from which fairy rings take their name: the phenomena result from the dancing of fairies. In 19th-century Wales, where the rings are known as , fairies were almost invariably described as dancing in a group when encountered, and in Scotland and Wales in the late 20th century, stories about fairy rings were still common; some Welshmen even claimed to have joined a fairy dance. Victorian folklorists regarded fairies and witches as related, based in part on the idea that both were believed to dance in circles. These revels are particularly associated with moonlit nights, the rings becoming visible to mortals only the following morning. Local variants add other details. An early 20th-century Irish tradition says that fairies enjoy dancing around the hawthorn tree so that fairy rings often centre on one. One resident of Balquhidder, Scotland, said that the fairies sit on the mushrooms and use them as dinnertables, and a Welsh woman claimed that fairies used the mushrooms as parasols and umbrellas. Olaus Magnus in Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus wrote that the brightness of the fairy ring comes not from the dancing of the fairies, who harm it with their feet, but from Puck, who refreshes the grass. A Devon legend says that a black hen and chickens sometimes appear at dusk in a large fairy ring on the edge of Dartmoor. A Welsh and Manx variant current in the 1960s removes dancing from the picture and claims that fairy rings spring up over an underground fairy village. These associations have become linked to specific sites. For example, "The Pixies' Church" was a rock formation in Dartmoor surrounded by a fairy ring, and a stone circle tops Cader Idris in northern Wales, believed to be a popular spot for fairy dances.

Many folk beliefs generally paint fairy rings as dangerous places, best avoided. American writer Wirt Sikes traces these stories of people trespassing into forbidden territory and being punished for it to the tale of Psyche and Eros. In it, Psyche is forbidden to view her lover; when she does so, her palace disappears, and she is left alone. Superstition calls fairy circles sacred and warns against violating them lest the interloper (such as a farmer with a plough) anger the fairies and be cursed. In an Irish legend recorded by Wilde, a farmer builds a barn on a fairy ring despite the protests of his neighbours. He is struck senseless one night, and a local "fairy doctor" breaks the curse. The farmer says that he dreamed that he must destroy the barn. Even collecting dew from the grass or flowers of a fairy ring can bring bad luck. Destroying a fairy ring is unlucky and fruitless; superstition says it would simply grow back.

A traditional Scottish rhyme sums up the danger of such places:

Numerous legends focus on mortals entering a fairy ring—and the consequences. One superstition is that anyone who steps into an empty fairy ring will die at a young age. A 20th-century tradition from Somerset calls the fairy ring a "galley-trap" and says that a murderer or thief who walks in the ring will be hanged. Most often, someone who violates a fairy perimeter becomes invisible to mortals outside and may find it impossible to leave the circle. Often, the fairies force the mortal to dance to the point of exhaustion, death, or madness. In Welsh tales, fairies actively try to lure mortals into their circles to dance with them. A tale from the Cambrian Mountains of Wales, current in the 19th century, describes a mortal's encounter with a fairy ring:

Entering the ring on May Eve or Halloween night was especially dangerous. One source near Afon fach Blaen y Cae, a tributary of the Dwyfach, tells of a shepherd accidentally disturbing a ring of rushes where fairies are preparing to dance; they capture him and hold him captive, and he even marries one of them. In variants from Scotland recorded by Edwin Sidney Hartland in 1891, the ring is replaced by a cavern or an old mill.

Freedom from a fairy ring often requires outside intervention. A tactic from early 20th-century Wales is to cast wild marjoram and thyme into the circle and befuddle the fairies; another asks the rescuer to touch the victim with iron. Other stories require that the enchanted victim simply be plucked out by someone on the outside, although even this can be difficult: A farmer in a tale from the Llangollen region has to tie a rope around himself and enlist four men to pull him from the circle as he goes in to save his daughter. Other folk methods rely on Christian faith to break the enchantment: a stick from a rowan tree (thought to be the wood from which the cross of Jesus Christ was built) can break the curse, as can a simple phrase such as "what, in Heaven's name", as in a 19th-century tale from Carmarthenshire. A common element to these recoveries is that the rescuer must wait a year and a day from when the victim entered the ring.

Mortals who have danced with the fairies are rarely safe after being saved from their enthrallment. They often find that what seemed to be but a brief foray into fairyland was much longer in the mortal realm, possibly weeks or years. The person rescued from the fairy ring may have no memory of their encounter with the sprites, as in a story from Anglesea recorded in 1891. In most tales, the saved interlopers face a grim fate. For example, in a legend from Carmarthenshire, recorded by Sikes, a man is rescued from a fairy ring only to crumble to dust. In a tale from Mathavarn, Llanwrin Parish, a fairy-ring survivor moulders away when he eats his first bite of food. Another vulnerability seems to be iron; in a tale from the Aberystwyth region, a touch from the metal causes a rescued woman to disappear.

Some legends assert that the only safe way to investigate a fairy ring is to run around it nine times. This affords the ability to hear the fairies dancing and frolicking underground. According to a 20th-century tradition of Northumberland, this must be done under a full moon, and the runner must travel in the direction of the sun; to go widdershins allows the fairies to place the runner under their sway. To circle the ring a tenth time is foolhardy and dangerous. Keightley recorded a similar tradition from Northumberland in 1828: "The children constantly run this number [nine times], but nothing will induce them to venture a tenth run." A story from early 20th century England says that a mortal can see the sprites without fear if a friend places a foot on that of the person stepping beyond the circle's perimeter. Another superstition says that wearing a hat backward can confuse the fairies and prevent them from pulling the wearer into their ring.

Although they strongly associate doom, some legends paint fairy circles as places of fertility and fortune. Welsh folk believe that mountain sheep that eat the grass of a fairy ring flourish, and crops sown from such a place prove more bountiful than those from normal land. A folk belief recorded in the Athenian Oracle claims that a house built on a fairy circle brings prosperity to its inhabitants. Likewise, a legend from Pont y Wern says that in the 13th or 14th century, the inhabitants of the town of Corwrion watched fairies dancing in a ring around a glow worm every Sunday after church at a place called Pen y Bonc. They even joined the sprites in their revels. The legend survives in a rhyme: "With the fairies nimbly dancing round / The glow-worm on the Rising Ground." John Rhys recorded a Welsh tale in 1901 that tells of a man who supposedly lived on the side of the Berwyn, above Cwm Pennant, in the early 19th century. The man destroyed a nest of rooks in a tree surrounded by a fairy ring. In gratitude, the fairies gave him a half crown every day but stopped when he told his friend, "for he had broken the rule of the fair folks by making their liberality known". Nevertheless, fairy boons are not without their curses, and tales often tell of the sprites exacting their revenge.

Literature

Fairy rings have been featured in the works of European authors, playwrights, and artists since the 13th century. In his Arthurian romance Meraugis de Portlesguez, Raoul de Houdenc describes a scene clearly derived from Celtic fairy-ring lore: The title character visits the Château des Caroles and sees a circle of women and a knight dancing around a pine in the castle courtyard. Meraugis is unable to fight the intense desire to join in, thus freeing the previous knight from the spell. Meraugis is helpless to leave the dance until, ten weeks later, another knight joins it and frees him. Fairy circles feature in works by several Elizabethan poets and playwrights. William Shakespeare alludes to them in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Act II, Scene I ("And I serve the fairy queen, / To dew her orbs upon the green" and "To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind"), and The Tempest, Act V, Scene I:

Shakespeare's contemporary Thomas Randolph speaks of fairy rings in his Amyntas, or the Impossible Dowry (1638), and Michael Drayton describes one in Nymphidia: The Court of Fairy:

Fairy imagery became especially popular in the Victorian era. Thomas Hardy uses a fairy ring as a symbol of lost love in The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886); the character Michael Henchard passes a fairy ring and remembers that he last saw his wife Susan there when he sold her to a sailor in a drunken rage. Victorian poets who have referred to fairy rings in their works include Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Eliza Cook, Robert Stephen Hawker, Felicia Hemans, Gerald Massey, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson.W. H. Cummings composed the cantata The Fairy Ring, and William Butler Yeats wrote of them in The Land of Heart's Desire (1894).

Art
Fairy circles have appeared in European artwork since at least the 18th century. For example, William Blake painted Oberon, Titania and Puck with Fairies Dancing, depicting a scene from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, around 1785, and Daniel Maclise painted Faun and the Fairies around 1834. Images of fairies dancing in circles became a favourite trope of painters in the Victorian period. On the one hand, artists were genuinely interested in the culture such imagery represented, and on the other, fairies could be depicted as titillating nudes and semi-nudes without offending Victorian mores, which made them a popular subject of art collectors. Examples of Victorian fairy-ring paintings include Come unto these Yellow Sands (1842) by Richard Dadd and Reconciliation of Titania and Oberon (1847) by Joseph Noel Paton.

Video games and film
In the MMORPG RuneScape, as well as its offshoot Old School RuneScape, fairy rings function as a magical transportation network. Each fairy ring is identified by a three-letter code, and players can teleport between them. In-game, fairy rings were created by actual fairies for their own use—players learn about the fairies and gain the ability to use fairy rings over the course of a series of quests.

In The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008) film a giant fairy ring surrounds and protects the house from goblins.

See also
 Fairy path
 Fairy fort

Explanatory notes

References

Citations

Cited texts

  Reprinted in 2010:

  Reprinted in modern typography in

  Republished:

  Reprinted in 2010:

  Reprinted in 2015:

  Reprinted in 2002:
  Reprinted in 2006:

Further reading

External links

English folklore
European folklore
Fairies
Fungi in folklore
Fungal morphology and anatomy
Northumbrian folklore
Scandinavian folklore
Scottish folklore
Turfgrass diseases
Welsh folklore

Fairy ring


Addington es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Tonbridge and Malling, en el condado de Kent (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Addington tiene una superficie de 3,35 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Addington tenía 733 habitantes (48,84% varones, 51,16% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 218,81 hab/km². El 18,55% eran menores de 16 años, el 73,53% tenían entre 16 y 74 y el 7,91% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 41,67 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 21,27% estaban solteros, el 64,15% casados y el 14,57% divorciados o viudos.

El 94,69% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 2,32% de la población, mientras que el 3% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 98,23% eran blancos, el 0,95% mestizos, el 0,41% asiáticos y el 0,41% negros. El cristianismo era profesado por el 83,7%, el judaísmo por el 0,41%, el islam por el 0,41% y cualquier otra religión, salvo el budismo, el hinduismo y el sijismo, por el 0,68%. El 11,01% no eran religiosos y el 3,8% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

353 habitantes eran económicamente activos, 346 de ellos (98,02%) empleados y 7 (1,98%) desempleados. Había 288 hogares con residentes, 17 vacíos y 9 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Kent
Parroquias civiles de Kent

Addington (Kent)


Subay ve Centilmen, orijinal adı "An Officer and a Gentleman" olan 1982 tarihli klasik film. Başrollerini Richard Gere ve Debra Winger paylaşmaktadır. Yönetmeni Taylor Hackford'dur.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri romantik dram filmleri
Taylor Hackford'ın yönettiği filmler
1980'lerde romantik dram filmleri
Paramount Pictures filmleri
Jack Nitzsche'nin müziğini yaptığı filmler
1982 çıkışlı dramatik filmler
1980'lerde İngilizce filmler

Subay ve Centilmen


Afghani (tegn: Afs; Pashto: ; Dari ; kode: AFN) er Afghanistans officielle valuta. Den underdeles nominelt i 100 pul (پول), selvom der i øjeblikket ikke er nogle pul-mønter i cirkulation.

Fodnoter

Møntenheder fra Asien
Kultur i Afghanistan

Afghani


Tom Limoncelli (né le 2 décembre 1968) est un administrateur système américain, auteur et conférencier. Administrateur système et ingénieur réseau depuis 1987, il intervient lors de conférences dans le monde entier sur des sujets allant de la sécurité des pare-feux à la gestion du temps. Il est l'auteur de Time Management for System Administrators de O'Reilly ; avec Christine Hogan, co-auteur du livre The Practice of System and Network Administration d'Addison-Wesley, qui a remporté le SAGE Outstanding Achievement Award 2005 ; et en 2007 avec Peter H. Salus, il a publié une compilation des meilleures blagues de poisson d'avril créées par l'IETF intitulées The Complete April Fools' Day RFCs.

Il a également publié des articles lors de conférences telles que Usenix LISA sur une grande variété de sujets, notamment les techniques de pare-feu innovantes, la coordination de modifications massives du réseau, les modèles d'amélioration du support client et les problèmes de sécurité liés au licenciement d'un administrateur système.

Biographie
Limoncelli est le plus jeune de cinq enfants. Il est né à New Haven, Connecticut et vit dans le New Jersey depuis l'âge de quatre ans. Il est titulaire d'une licence en informatique de l'université Drew à Madison, dans le New Jersey.

Il est ingénieur en fiabilité de site chez Stack Exchange. Avant cela, il était administrateur système au bureau de Google à New York. Il a auparavant été directeur des services informatiques pour Cibernet Corporation, directeur des opérations chez Lumeta et a également travaillé chez Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies où il a dirigé la passerelle Internet et les réseaux utilisés par les scientifiques, ainsi que réalisé des consultations en interne auprès de diverses unités commerciales.

Travailler pour les droits des bisexuels
Limoncelli a commencé à militer sur le campus alors qu'il était étudiant à l'université Drew. Il a animé un groupe de soutien pour hommes qui faisait partie de la Gay Activists Alliance dans le comté de Morris en 1989-1990.

En 1991-92, il a travaillé à l'effort fructueux du New Jersey pour modifier la loi contre la discrimination afin d'ajouter « l'orientation sexuelle ou affective » pour la protection dans le logement, l'embauche, la banque et les logements publics.

Il a été coprésident de l'action de proximité de sensibilisation et coordonnateur logistique. Il a co-créé BiNet/NJ (maintenant connu sous le nom de BiZone) en 1991. Il a été vice-président, puis président de la New Jersey Lesbian and Gay Coalition de 1994 à 1996, qui comprenait des réalisations telles que la création d'un centre communautaire, la transformation de la NJ Pride Parade en une organisation distincte, la modification des statuts pour être entièrement inclusif des bisexuels et transgenres, la participation à la Marche de 1993 sur Washington et au Stonewall 25, et d'autres projets.

Il a travaillé avec BiNet USA depuis 1992, dont quatre ans passés en tant qu'organisateur régional de la région des trois États. Il a édité la section New Jersey du Bisexual Resource Guide pendant une grande partie des années 1990.

Limoncelli a travaillé avec les Conférences bisexuelles des Trois États, qu'il a créées/coprésidées en 1996 (NYC, NY), dont il a été le conseiller en 1997 (Hartford, CT), qu'il a coprésidées en 1999 (New Brunswick NJ) et dont il a participé au comité de planification de la conférence de 2000 très réussie (NYU Campus, NY).

Limoncelli a été actif dans l'activisme Internet. Depuis 1987, il utilise Internet comme outil d'organisation. Il a tenu des informations sur la Marche sur Washington de 1993 et sur les événements du  anniversaire de Stonewall sur Internet, et a fait partie d'une des rares personnes qui, depuis 1992, se sont organisées pour maintenir l'idée qu'il devrait y avoir une célébration Stonewall 25 à New York en 1994.

L'organisation AT&T's LEAGUE (Lesbian and Gay United Employees) lui a décerné son prix de l'engagement communautaire LEAGUE 1995 (politique) et, en 1997, la New Jersey Lesbian and Gay Coalition lui a décerné son prix « Honor » pour l'ensemble de ses réalisations pour son activisme.

Il a écrit deux livres, contribué à l'anthologie "Getting Bi : Voices of Bisexuals Around the World", édité par Robyn Ochs et Sarah E. Rowley, et est le créateur de BiSquish, un journal en ligne qui rapportait des nouvelles et des événements de la communauté bisexuelle jusqu'au 7 septembre 2006.

En 2006, il a reçu le prix Brenda Howard de la branche Queens de PFLAG.

Bibliographie partielle
 La pratique de l'administration système et réseau ( Addison-Wesley ), 2001, par Thomas A. Limoncelli et Christine Hogan
 Gestion du temps pour les administrateurs système par Thomas A. Limoncelli ( O'Reilly ), 2005
 The Practice of System and Network Administration ( édition) ( Addison-Wesley ), 2007, par Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christine Hogan et Strata R. Chalup
 Les RFC complètes du poisson d'avril ( Peer-to-Peer Communications Inc. ) par Thomas A. Limoncelli et Peter H. Salus, 2007
 The Practice of Cloud System Administration: Designing and Operating Large Distributed Systems, Volume 2 ( Addison-Wesley ), 2014, par Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christine Hogan et Strata R. Chalup

Références

Liens externes

 Page d'accueil de Tom Limoncelli

Naissance en décembre 1968
Militant pour les droits LGBT aux États-Unis
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Tom Limoncelli


Geraldine Anne Ferraro (26. ágúst 1935 – 26. mars 2011) var bandarískur stjórnmálamaður, erindreki og lögmaður. Hún sat á fulltrúadeild Bandaríkjaþings frá 1979 til 1985 og var frambjóðandi Demókrataflokksins í embætti varaforseta Bandaríkjanna í framboði Walters Mondale í forsetakosningunum 1984. Ferraro var fyrst kvenna til að vera í framboði til varaforseta fyrir einn stóru stjórnmálaflokkanna í bandarískum forsetakosningunum.

Æviágrip
Geraldine Ferraro fæddist þann 26. ágúst árið 1935 í Newburgh í New York-fylki. Faðir hennar, sem var af ítölskum innflytjendaættum, lést þegar hún var átta ára. Móðir hennar vann sem saumakona. Ferraro lauk kennaraprófi með ensku sem aðalfag og kenndi í almennum skólum í Queens í New York-borg. Hún nam lögfræði samhliða vinnu sinni og tók lagapróf árið 1960. Hún vann þaðan af sem lögfræðingur til ársins 1974 en þá varð hún aðstoðarsaksóknari Queens. Ferraro átti þar þátt í stofnun sérstakrar deildar til að taka á ofbeldisglæpum eins og nauðgunum og heimilisofbeldi. Ferraro var gift fasteignasalanum John Zaccaro og átti með honum þrjú börn.

Árið 1978 var Ferraro kjörin á fulltrúadeild Bandaríkjaþings. Hún var endurkjörin með auknum atkvæðamun árin 1980 og 1982, í síðasta skiptið með 72,22 prósentum atkvæða. Ferraro þótti mikill skörungur á þingi og tók afstöðu með frjálslyndari armi Demókrataflokksins. Hún sat í fjármálanefnd fulltrúadeildarinnar og varð fyrst kvenna til að gegna stöðu ritstjóra þingflokksnefndar Demókrataflokksins.

Í janúar árið 1984 ferðaðist Ferraro til Níkaragva og El Salvador á vegum Bandaríkjaþings og fundaði með kontraskæruliðum. Eftir heimkomuna gagnrýndi hún stjórn Ronalds Reagan Bandaríkjaforseta fyrir utanríkisstefnu hans í þessum ríkjum og sagði stuðning hans við andkommúnískar skæruliðahreyfingar ekki stuðla að bandarískum öryggishagsmunum.

Ferð Ferraro til Rómönsku Ameríku átti þátt í að vekja á henni þjóðarathygli sem leiddi til þess að Walter Mondale, forsetaefni Demókrataflokksins í kosningunum 1984, ákvað að velja hana sem varaforsetaefni sitt í kosningunum. Þetta var í fyrsta sinn sem kona birtist á kjörseðli annars stóru stjórnmálaflokkanna í forsetakosningum Bandaríkjanna. Eftir að Ferraro samþykkti að bjóða sig fram með Mondale lýsti hún því yfir útnefning hennar merkti "að konur [yrðu] aldrei framar annars flokks borgarar".

Valinu á Ferraro var almennt vel tekið og hún þótti standa sig með prýði í sjónvarpskappræðum á móti sitjandi varaforsetanum George Bush. Aftur á móti varð Ferraro fyrir gagnrýni eftir að hún birti skattskýrslur þeirra eiginmanns síns og í ljós kom að hjónin skulduðu skatta frá árinu 1978 að upphæð 53.000 Bandaríkjadala. Hjónin greiddu skattana um hæl eftir að skýrslurnar voru gerðar opinberar en málið leiddi til neikvæðrar umfjöllunar í tengslum við viðskiptahætti eiginmanns Ferraro og lán sem hún hafði þegið frá honum fyrir kosningaherferðir sínar.

Mondale og Ferraro guldu sögulegt afhroð í forsetakosningunum á móti Reagan og Bush. Þau töpuðu í öllum fylkjum Bandaríkjanna að undanskildu Minnesota og höfuðborginni. Ekki birtist aftur kona sem varaforsetaefni á kjörseðli eins stóru stjórnmálaflokkanna fyrr en með framboði Söruh Palin í kosningunum 2008 og kona var ekki kjörin varaforseti fyrr en Kamala Harris náði kjöri í kosningunum 2020.

Geraldine Ferraro studdi Hillary Clinton í forvali Demókrataflokksins fyrir forsetakosningarnar 2008. Hún var gagnrýnd fyrir að láta þau ummæli falla að Barack Obama, helsti keppinautur Clintons í forvalinu, hefði aðeins náð árangri í forkosningunum þar sem hann væri svartur. Ferraro lést úr krabbameini þann 26. mars 2011.

Tilvísanir

Bandarískir fulltrúadeildarþingmenn
Bandarískir lögfræðingar
Demókratar
Frambjóðendur til embættis varaforseta Bandaríkjanna

Geraldine Ferraro


General elections were held in Fiji in August and September 2001. The Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua party won 18 of the 23 seats reserved for ethnic Fijians and one of three "general electorates" set aside for Fiji's European, Chinese, and other minorities. It also won 13 of the 25 "open electorates," so-called because they are open to candidates of any race and are elected by universal suffrage.  The remaining five ethnic Fijian seats, and one open electorate, were won by the Conservative Alliance, one of whom was George Speight who had led the putsch against the lawful government the year before. Chaudhry's Labour Party won all 19 Indo-Fijian seats and eight open electorates.  The New Labour Unity Party, formed by defectors from the FLP, won one general electorate and one open electorate.  The three remaining seats (one general electorate, one open electorate, and the Rotuman Islanders' seat) were won by minor parties and independent candidates.

Background
The Constitution of Fiji was restored by a High Court decision on 15 November 2000, following the failure of the political upheaval in which the government had been deposed and the constitution suspended in May that year.  On 1 March 2001, the Appeal Court upheld the decision.  An election to restore democracy was held in September 2001.  In what was one of Fiji's most bitterly fought elections ever, the newly formed Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua of the interim Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase narrowly defeated the Fiji Labour Party of deposed former Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry.

The FLP had been hurt by leadership bickering in the wake of the coup, and the subsequent defection of a number of its high-profile members from the ethnic Fijian community, including Tupeni Baba, the former Deputy Prime Minister.  The mutual refusal of the FLP and the National Federation Party, the only other political party with significant Indo-Fijian support, to reach a preference-swapping deal had also worked against both parties.  (In Fiji's system of transferable voting, any two or more candidates in a particular constituency can have their votes combined, unless the electors specify a different option by ranking the candidates numerically in order of their preference).

Opinion polls

Approval ratings

Results

Communal constituency results

Fijian constituencies

Indo-Fijian constituencies

General constituencies

Rotuman constituency

Seats changing hands
This does not include seats that changed candidates but not parties, defections or seats held by members not seeking re-election.

Aftermath
Controversy continued after the 2001 election, with Prime Minister Qarase finding reasons, which many considered to be pretexts, for not implementing the power-sharing provisions of the Constitution, which required that every political party with more than 8 seats in the House of Representatives must be proportionally represented in the Cabinet.  On 18 July 2003, the Supreme Court of Fiji ruled that Qarase's exclusion of the Labour Party from the Cabinet was unconstitutional, and demanded that the situation be rectified.  Appeals, counter-appeals, and negotiations delayed the implementation of the order.  In June 2004, the Supreme Court ruled that the Labour Party was entitled to 14 out of 30 Cabinet posts. Qarase has said that he would abide by the ruling, but his refusal to include Chaudhry in the Cabinet lineup continued to stall negotiations, until the FLP announced in November that it was no longer interested in participating in the Qarase-led government.

References

Elections in Fiji
Fiji
General
Fiji
Fiji

2001 Fijian general election


Humphry Fortescue Osmond (1 de julho de 1917 – 6 de fevereiro de 2004) foi um psiquiatra e psicólogo britânico. Ele é conhecido por cunhar o termo psicodélico e por pesquisar sobre possíveis aplicações médicas e terapêuticas de drogas psicodélicas. Osmond também explorou aspectos da psicologia dos ambientes sociais, em particular como o contexto influencia o bem-estar e a recuperação de instituições mentais.

Quando jovem, ele trabalhou para um arquiteto e frequentou a Guy's Hospital Medical School no King's College London. Enquanto ativo como cirurgião-tenente da Marinha durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, Osmond se especializou para se tornar um psiquiatra. Após a guerra, ingressou na unidade psiquiátrica do Hospital St. George. Em 1953, trocou cartas com o escritor Aldous Huxley, que se dispôs a participar de uma experiência psicodélica com o uso de mescalina, e Osmond o supervisionou.

Psiquiatras do Reino Unido
Psicólogos do Reino Unido
Alunos do King's College de Londres

Humphry Osmond


Alcolea , İspanya'nın on yedi otonom bölgesinden en kalabalık ikinci bölge olan Endülüs'e bağlı; İspanya'nın güneyinde bulunan Almería eyaletine bağlı belediye. 2009 yılındaki nüfusu; 908 kişidir. Belediye, 67 km²'lik bir alanı kaplamaktadır. Başlıca tarım ürünleri zeytin ile badem yağıdır.

Nüfus

Kaynak: INE (Spain)

Dış bağlantılar
  Alcolea - Diputación Provincial de Almería

Alcolea


Utinja je hrvatska rijeka u Sisačko-moslavačkoj županiji, desna pritoka Kupe. Izvire na Hrastovičke gore, kod naselij Luščani i Donja Bačuga. Duga je 23,7 km. Prolazi zapadno od grada Petrinje.

Rijeka Utinja prolazi kroz sljedeća naselja: Luščani, Donja Bačuga, Gornja Bačuga, Pecki, Strašnik, Cepeliš, Križ Hrastovački, Župić, Gornje Mokrice, Međurače, Srednje Mokrice, Donje Mokrice, Novi Farkašić, Vratečko i Pokupsko Vratečko.

Rijeke u Hrvatskoj
Pritoke Kupe

Utinja (rijeka)


Sergei Stanislawowitsch Udalzow (, wiss. Transliteration Sergej Stanislavovič Udal'cov; * 16. Februar 1977 in Moskau) ist ein russischer Politiker. Er ist Führer der Bewegung Avantgarde der Roten Jugend AKM, Mitglied des Exekutivkomitees der Linken Front und weiterer, miteinander assoziierter Bewegungen des linken Spektrums und der Bürgerrechtsbewegung. Udalzow ist bekannt dafür, dass er für seine Protestaktionen häufig verhaftet wurde. Im Gefängnis wendet er oft das Protestmittel des Hungerstreiks an.

Leben
Udalzow begründete 1998 die Bewegung Avantgarde der Roten Jugend AKM' als Jugendbewegung von Trudowaja Rossija, der Arbeiterpartei Wiktor Anpilows. 2002–2003 war Udalzow Mitglied des Zentralkomitees der Partei Kommunisten des arbeitenden Russlands, die im Juli 2003 aufgelöst wurde.

1999 schloss Udalzow das juristische Examen der Moskauer Staatlichen Akademie für Wassertransport ab und arbeitete als Jurist in der Zeitung Glasnost. Im selben Jahr kandidierte er für die Dumawahlen auf einer Liste, welche die Fünf-Prozent-Hürde nicht überwand.

2005 kandidierte er für das Moskauer Stadtparlament auf der Liste der KPRF.

Von 2006 bis 2007 kooperierte die Bewegung AKM von Sergei Udalzow mit dem Bündnis Anderes Russland von Garri Kasparow und nahm auch an den "Märschen der Unzufriedenen" von Anderes Russland teil.

2008 wurde Udalzow anlässlich der Gründungskonferenz der Linksfront ins Ausführende Komitee (bestehend aus 30 Personen) dieser Bewegung gewählt; er war bis dahin organisatorischer Koordinator der Linksfront.

2009 wurde Udalzow Mit-Vorsitzender der Partei Vereinigte Russländische Arbeitsfront, abgekürzt "ROT Front" (РОТ Фронт). Dieselbe Benennung wird allerdings auch für die gleichnamige Moskauer Süßwarenfabrik verwendet. Seit dem Jahr 2010 tritt er als Organisator regelmäßiger Protestkundgebungen, des sogenannten "Tag des Zorns" (День Гнева), auf.

Udalzow war eine der maßgeblichen Figuren bei der Organisation und Durchführung der Proteste nach den russischen Parlamentswahlen 2011, die auf die seiner Meinung nach massiven Fälschungen bei dieser Wahl folgten. So verbrachte er nach den Protesten am 5. Dezember 2011 15 Tage im Gefängnis.

Bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen 2012 unterstützte Udalzow den Kandidaten der KPRF, Gennadi Sjuganow.

Als Udalzow am 17. August 2012 an den Protesten gegen das Urteil gegen die Musikerinnen von Pussy Riot teilnahm, wurde er in Moskau zusammen mit dem Ex-Schachweltmeister Garri Kasparow und rund 60 weiteren Demonstranten verhaftet.

Im Oktober 2012 wurde bekannt, dass die russische Justiz Ermittlungen gegen Udalzow wegen des Verdachts auf Anstiftung zu Massenunruhen aufgenommen hat. Er wurde verhört und seine Wohnung sowie die seiner Eltern durchsucht. Bei einer Verurteilung droht ihm eine Haftstrafe von bis zu zehn Jahren. Ende desselben Monats wurde er während einer Solidaritätsaktion für verfolgte russische Oppositionelle in Moskau gemeinsam mit Alexei Nawalny und Ilja Jaschin "wegen Erregung öffentlichen Ärgernisses" festgenommen. Nach einigen Stunden wurden sie wieder freigelassen.

Udalzow wurde am 24. Juli 2014 zu viereinhalb Jahren Lagerhaft verurteilt. Sofort nach der Urteilsverkündung trat er in einen 24 Tage langen Hungerstreik. Udalzow wurde im August 2017 entlassen.

Udalzow ist mit Duma-Abgeordneten Anastassija Udalzowa, verheiratet. Das Paar lebt in Moskau und hat zwei Kinder.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Politiker (Russische Föderation)
Person (Moskau)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Sowjetbürger
Russe
Geboren 1977
Mann

Sergei Stanislawowitsch Udalzow