"Fed rock" er en rocksang af det danske gruppe Shu-bi-dua. Den er baseret på sangen "Jailhouse Rock" og blev indspillet for sjov til et satireprogram i radioen af Michael Hardinger og hans band Passport med Michael Bundesen som forsanger. Efterfølgende fik radioen mange henvendelser på sangen, og de valgte at kalde sig Shu-bi-dua, og fik en pladekontrakt med Polydor og fik indspillet den i et rigtigt studie.

Indspilning
Teksten til "Fed rock" blev skrevet af Michael Bundesen og hans gode ven Jens Tage Nielsen og var baseret på Elvis Presleys sang "Jailhouse Rock", der oprindelig blev skrevet af Jerry Leiber og Mike Stoller. Bundesen havde dog talt forkert og der kom derfor en ekstra takt med i melodien.

Bundesen havde mødt Michael Hardinger, der havde et bandet kaldet Passport, via sit fritidsjob på DR P3. Bundesen spurgte radioværten Benny G. Jensen om han kunne bruge sangen til programmet Åbent Hus, som blev sendt søndag eftermiddag og som indeholdt forskellige former for satire, hvilket førte til at Bundesen og Nielsen sammen med Passport indspillede sangen.

Den oprindelige version af nummeret blev indspillet på P. Carl Petersens Kollegium i Skovshoved, hvor Nielsen boede, i et rum med udsigt til Øresund, hvor der stod et flygel og hvor der ifølge Bundesen var god akustik. Gruppen medbragte hver deres instrumenter og stillede op i stuen med forstærkere osv. Bosse Hall Christensen måtte dog flyttes ud i køkkenet, da hans trommer overdøvede for meget. Bundesens ven Michael Elo havde en firespors-båndoptager, som de optog den på. Som følge af den ekstra takt i melodien i forhold til "Jailhouse Rock", var det ekstra svært for Christensen at lære at spille den. De øvrige beboere brokkede sig og larmede med vilje, således at lyden fra en støvsuger kunne høres i baggrunden af den indspilning, som de fik indspillet.

Efter sangen blev spillet i radioen modtog de masser af henvendelser fra lyttere, som havde hørt den. Blandt dem var Per Stan fra pladeselskabet Polydor, som de fik en aftale med, så de kunne få den indspillet professionelt og udgivet som single. Det foregik i Rosenberg-studiet i København NV med Freddy Hansson som lydtekniker. Gruppen fik ved hjælp af venner og familie sangen ind på hitlisterne.

Udgivelse
Inden da havde gruppen udgivet singlen "Tomorrow/Everything's Wrong" under navnet Passport. Nummeret blev udgivet med B-siden "Tynd Blues", som gruppen havde udgivet et par uger for inden under navnet Shu-bi-dua. "Tynd Blues" blev ikke stemt ind på hitlisterne, hvilket overraskede Bundesen, da han troede mere på blues end rock.

Efter udgivelsen var Hardinger taget til Italien for at arbejde som guide, i den tro at det var det for nu, men da singlen blev en succes blev han kontaktet og bedt om at komme tilbage til Danmark, så de kunne indspille et helt album under navnet Shu-bi-dua.

Medvirkende
 Michael Bundesen: Sang
 Michael Hardinger: Guitar, kor
 Bosse Hall Christensen: trommer
 Jens Tage Nielsen: Klaver, Orgel, el-orgel, Vokal
 Paul Meyendorff: Guitar, Vokal
 Niels Grønbech: Bas

Spor
 "Fed rock" - 2:55
 "Tynd blues" - 3:15

Modtagelse
Nummeret kom på den danske singlehitliste i to uger med nummer 8 som højeste placering i 1973. Bandet fik nummeret på top 10 ved at udstyre familie, venner og bekendte med postkort, så de kunne skrive ind til Dansktoppen, og få det til at se ud som om, at det var mange forskellige personer, der stemte. Lige efter den var røget ud af hitlisten kom den ind på Top 30, som den daværende salgsliste hed.

Referencer

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger
 "Fed Rock"  på Discogs

Sange fra 1973
Shu-bi-dua-sange

Fed rock


علم الأعداد  هو أي من الأنظمة، العادات أو المعتقدات التي تفسر وجود علاقة روحية أو باطنية بين الأعداد والأشياء الجامدة أو الحية. وقد يعرف بـ«علم معاني الأعداد»، «العدادة» أو «دراسة معاني الأعداد».

قديما، عرف الرياضياتيون الأوائل، مثل فيثاغورس، علم الأعداد والتنجيم بقراءة معاني للأعداد. إلا أن علماء عصرنا الحديث لا يعتبرون هذا العلم جزء من علم الرياضيات، بل يُعِدونه من الرياضيات الدخيلة والعلوم الزائفة. ولكنهم يعتبرونه أساس لتطور المعرفة الحسابية مثلما تطور علم الفلك من علم التنجيم والكيمياء من الخيمياء القديمة. وفي يومنا هذا، يرتبط هذا العلم بعلم الغيبيات والسحر جنبا إلى جنب مع علم الأبراج، وقراءة أوراق الطاروت وفنون التنجيم الأخرى. فعندما تطلع على قراءة للأعداد الخاصة بك، ستجد نفسك تتجاهل الأجزاء التي لا تنطبق عليك، وتركز على الأجزاء التي تبدو ملائمة معك، ويمكن أن تجد إن بعض هذهِ الصفات مطابقة لك في الحين أنها غير موجودة عندك، لكنك تريد ان تكون بهذه الصفات. فالاعتقاد بعلم الأعداد يقع ضمن الأمور التي نصدقها ضمن تأثير فورير.

كما بستعمل الاصطلاح لوصف الأشخاص والعلماء الذين يؤمنون بوجود معنى لأنماط الأعداد مثل دراسة أسواق الأسهم  والعلاقة بين عمر الكون وزمن الساعة الذرية.

موجز لتاريخ علم العدد

 علم الأعداد الحديث هو مزيج من ترسبات معرفية من العديد من الحضارات القديمة وبنات أفكار شخصيات تاريخية مثل البابليين، وفيثاغورس واتباعه إغريقيي القرن السادس ما قبل الميلاد، وفلسفة التنجيم من العصر الهيليني في الإسكندرية، وباطنية المسيحيين الأوائل، ومعتقدات الغنوصيين ونظام القبالاه اليهودية والفيدا الهندية ومن كتب دائرة الأموات الصينية و«حكماء البيت السري» الفرعوني.

لقد أعتقد فيثاغورس وبعض فلاسفة عصرهِ أن لمفاهيم الرياضيات حوليات وتطبيقات أهم من مفاهيم العالم الحسي وذلك لسهولة الترتيب والتحكم بها. أما القديس أوغسطينوس (354-430 م) فقد كتب «أن الأرقام هي لغة الكون وهبها الخالق للبشر من أجل تأكيد الحقيقة». وقال فيثاغورس: أعتقد أن لكل شيء علاقة بالأرقام وما على عقل الإنسان إلا البحث وفهم أسرار هذه العلاقة أو توقع تجلياتها وهذا من المكرمة الإلهية.

في عام 325 م وبعد مجمع نيقية الأول، اعتبرت الإمبراطورية الرومانية أن أي مخالفة لمعتقدات كنيسة الدولة هي من المحرمات، وكانت الكنيسة قد رفضت كل فنون التنجيم بما فيها علم الأرقام، وبالرغم من هذا، بقي الاعتقاد بقوة الأرقام الربانية مؤثراً في الدين المسيحي مثل الرقم 888 الذي يمثل المسيح والذي قام بتحليله «دورتيوس الغزاوي»، وإلى الآن، ما زالت الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية تستعمل معاني للأرقام في معرفياتها

ونجد في أدبيات السير توماس براون أمثلة على تأثير علم الأعداد في المجتمع الإنكليزي. فقد كتب مقالة في عام 1658 بعنوان «حديقة سيريوس» حيث شرح أهمية الرقم 5 والخماسيات في الفن والطبيعة والمعتقدات الباطنية.

المنهجية

طريقة حساب الأعداد
يعتمد علم الأعداد على تحويل الأرقام إلى عدد واحد عن طريق جمع أعداد الرقم بشكل تتابعي حتى ينتج عدد واحد. فمثلا، لحساب عدد الرقم 3489، تجمع أعداده (3+4+8+9) == 24. ثم نعيد الكرة مع النتيجة 24 بجمع عدديه (2 + 4 ==6). فيكون عدد الرقم 3489 هو 6.

أم بالنسبة للأحرف، فنعطي رقما لكل حرف بحسب تسلسله الأبجدي. فالألف يكون 1، والباء تكون 2 وهلم جرى إلى أخر الأحرف. فكلمة «أنس» تصبح (أ=1، ن=25 وس=12) فالمجموع يصبح: 1+25+12 == 38 -> 3+8 = 11 -> 1+1 == 2. فعدد اسم «أنس» هو 2.

وهناك طرق مختلفة لحساب الأرقام منها الكلدانية والفيثاقورية واليهودية واللفظية واليابانية والهندية. أما بالنسبة للعربية، فتعتمد على طريقة صف الأحرف. فمنهم من يستعمل تنسيق ألف باء ومنهم من يستعمل تنسيق أيجد هوز. أما أكثرها استعمالا فهو الجدول التالي:

حساب الأحرف الإنجليزية

الطريقة الكلدونية

مجالات أخرى

علم الأعداد والأبراج
يعتقد بعض المنجمين أنه هناك علاقة بين ألأعداد والأجرام السماوية.

علم الأعداد والخيمياء
كثير من نظريات الخيمياء أعتمدت على الأعداد. ف جابر بن حيان، الذي أوجد الكيمياء التي نعرفها اليوم، ربط عملياته الكيميائية بحساب أعداد الأسماء العربية للمواد الكيمائية.

علم الأعداد في العلوم
بعض النظريات العلمية تعد من علم الأعداد إذا كانت وليدة علاقة حسابية بدلا من علمية. وعادة يستعمل هذا المصطلح لتخفيف الأهمية العلمية للنظرية. ومن أشهر الأمثلة لهذه الحالة هي صدفة تماثل أرقام كبيرة التي استرعت انتباه علماء كبار مثل العالم الفيزيائي الرياضي بول ذيراك، والرياضي هيرمان ويل وعالم الفلك أرثور ستانلي اذيغتون. هذه الأرقام المصادفة تمثل نسبة عمر الكون إلى وحدة الزمن الذرية، عدد الالكترونات في الكون وفرق القوة بين الجاذبية والقوة الكهربائية للاللكترون والبروتون.

علم الأرقام في التوراة
هناك العديد من الارقام الرمزية المذكورة في التوراة وخاصة في سفر دانييل وإنجيل الرؤية. من هذه الأمثلة الرقم 666 والذي يمثل الدجال

العدد 3
العدد 3 يمثل الكمال والتمام. ومن الأمثلة ثالوث، بقاء السيد المسيح في القبر لثلاثة أيام وأبناء الإله كرونوس الثلاثة: زيوس، بوسيدون وهادس.

الرقم 7

الرقم 7 في العبرية هو الجذر لكلمة التمام والتي تعني التمام الروحي. ومن الأمثلة تحديد 7 أيام في الأسبوع.

الرقم 10

العدد 10 يرمز إلى الكمال التراتبي

الرقم 12
يرمز الرقم 12 للكمال في الحكم والحكومة فهناك 12 شهر في السنة، واليوم هو تتابع لـ12 ساعة مرتين، وهناك 12 سبط من أبناء يعقوب و 12 أولمبي و12 رسول للمسيح الذين يقومون بالمهمة المقدسة والرومان كتبوا الألواح الـ 12.

نقد لعلم الأعداد في التوراة
النقاد الذين برفضون ربط الأرقام بالتوراة يُرجعون الأمر إلى عدم وجود أي ذكر للموضوع في أي من كتابات التوراة.

طالع أيضاً
 علم الأعداد الإنجيلي
 علم الأعداد اليهودي
 قائمة العلوم الزائفة والمصطلحات العلمية الزائفة
 عدد الوحش
 الأرقام في الميثولوجيا المصرية
 الأرقام في الأساطير الإسكندنافية
 شكوكية علمية
 أهمية الأرقام في اليهودية
 تزامنية
 رياضيات زائفة

المراجع

علوم زائفة
كهنة
لغة وغموضية
مسيحية باطنية

علم الأعداد


Onthophagus lilliputanus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 1883 por Lansberge.

Referências

Ligações externas

lilliputanus
Coleópteros descritos em 1883

Onthophagus lilliputanus


Prvenstvo Zagrebačkog nogometnog podsaveza 1930./31. bilo je dvanaesto po redu nogometno prvenstveno natjecanje u organizaciji Zagrebačkog nogometnog podsaveza. Natjecanje je započelo 10. listopada 1930. godine, a završilo 17. svibnja 1931. godine. Prvakom je postao Viktorija nakon što je u posljednjoj utakmici odigranoj 17. svibnja 1931. godine pobijedio Željezničar 3:0.

Natjecateljski sustav
U I. razredu igralo je 8 momčadi dvokružnim natjecateljskim sustavom. Nakon trećeg proljetnog kola 1. razreda, tri prvoplasirana kluba na tablici nastavila su prednatjecanje za državno prvenstvo, dok su ostali klubovi nastupili u prvenstvu Zagreba 1. razreda. Nastavljeno je prvenstvo 1. razreda i prebrojane su utakmice jesenskog dijela prvenstva, dok su sve utakmice ekipa koje su išle na nastup u nacionalnim ligama otkazane sukladno odluci U.O. J.N.S. Prvakom Zagrebačkog nogometnog podsaveza postala je momčad s najviše sakupljenih bodova nakon dvokružnog natjecateljskog sustava (pobjeda = 2 boda, neodlučeno = 1 bod, poraz = bez bodova).

1. razred

Rezultati
(nepotpuni popis rezultata)

Jesenski dio:

05.10.1930. HAŠK – Sokol 4:0, Grafičar – Šparta 2:0, Građanski – Željezničar 2:0

12.10.1930. Željezničar – Grafičar 3:3, Građanski – Viktorija 1:0, HAŠK – Šparta 9:0

19.10.1930. Građanski – Sokol 3:1, Željezničar – Viktorija 4:0, HAŠK – Grafičar 2:2

23.11.1930. Građanski – Grafičar 2:1, Željezničar – Šparta 3:0, Viktorija – Sokol 2:0

30.11.1930. Sokol – Grafičar 1:0, Viktorija – Šparta 2:0, Concordia – Željezničar 3:0, HAŠK – Građanski 6:4

07.12.1930. Viktorija – Grafičar 5:0, Građanski – Concordia 4:0, HAŠK – Željezničar 6:4

14.12.1930. HAŠK – Viktorija 3:0, Građanski – Šparta 3:0, Željezničar – Sokol 3:1, Concordia – Grafičar 4:2

21.12.1930. Sokol-Šparta 0:0

28.12.1930. Concordia – Sokol 1:1

11.01.1931. HAŠK – Concordia 3:2

18.01.1931. Concordia – Viktorija 2:1

Proljetni dio:

01.03.1931. Sokol – Grafičar 2:0 (poništeno), Concordia – Viktorija 1:0, HAŠK – Šparta 3:0.

08.03.1931. HAŠK-Sokol 2:1

22.03.1931. HAŠK – Viktorija 1:1, Željezničar – Grafičar 3:1, Sokol – Šparta 3:0, Građanski – Concordia 5:1

29.03.1931. Željezničar – Concordia 3:2, Šparta – Grafičar 4:0, Građanski – Viktorija 2:0

26.04.1931. Viktorija – Šparta 6:0, Željezničar – Sokol 6:1

03.05.1931. Viktorija – Grafičar 8:1, Željezničar – Šparta 2:2

10.05.1931. Viktorija – Sokol 2:0

17.05.1931. Viktorija – Željezničar 3:0, Sokol – Grafičar 0:0 (nova)

Nakon trećeg proljetnog kola:

Ljestvica nakon trećeg proljetnog kola

 HAŠK, Građanski i Concordia plasirali su se u jednu od skupina prednatjecanja za državno prvenstvo, a Željezničar, Sokol, Viktorija, Grafičar, Šparta nastavio utakmice u prvenstvu Zagreba 1. razreda.

Rezultat utakmice Concordia – Šparta nepoznat. Vjerojatno je završilo pobjedom Concordia (tada bi i on imao 11 bodova i prestigao Željezničar)

Konačna ljestvica

 Prvak Viktorija

Prvenstvo provincije
Prvak provincije Zagrebačkog nogometnog podsaveza postala je Segesta.

Izvori i napomene
Rezultati prikupljeni iz izvora Ex-Yu Fudbal

1930-31
1930-31 Zagreb


Otto Loewi (; 3 June 1873 – 25 December 1961) was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter. For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, who was a lifelong friend that helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment. Loewi met Dale in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's laboratory at University College, London.

Biography
Loewi was born in Frankfurt, Germany on June 3, 1873 in a Jewish family. He went to study medicine at the University of Strasbourg, Germany (now part of France) in 1891, where he attended courses by famous professors Gustav Schwalbe, Oswald Schmiedeberg, and Bernhard Naunyn among others. He received his medical doctoral degree in 1896. He also was a member of the fraternity Burschenschaft Germania Strassburg.

Subsequently, he worked with Martin Freund at Goethe University of Frankfurt and with Franz Hofmeister in Strasbourg. From 1897 to 1898, he served as an assistant to Carl von Noorden, clinician at the City Hospital in Frankfurt. Soon, however, after seeing the high mortality in countless cases of far-advanced tuberculosis and pneumonia, left without any treatment because of lack of therapy, he decided to drop his intention to become a clinician and instead to carry out research in basic medical science, in particular pharmacology. In 1898, he became an assistant of Professor Hans Horst Meyer, the renowned pharmacologist at the University of Marburg. During his first years in Marburg, Loewi's studies were in the field of metabolism. As a result of his work on the action of phlorhizin, a glucoside provoking glycosuria, and another one on nuclein metabolism in man, he was appointed «Privatdozent» (lecturer) in 1900. Two years later he published his paper «Über Eiweisssynthese im Tierkörper» (on protein synthesis in the animal body), proving that animals are able to rebuild their proteins from their degradation products, the amino acids – an essential discovery with regard to nutrition.

In 1902 Loewi was a guest researcher in Ernest Starling's laboratory in London, where he met his lifelong friend Henry Dale.

In 1903, he accepted an appointment at the University of Graz in Austria, where he would remain until being forced out of the country in 1938. In 1905, Loewi became Associate Professor at Meyer's laboratory and received Austrian citizenship. In 1909 he was appointed to the Chair of Pharmacology in Graz. He had also been a professor at the University of Vienna.

He married Guida Goldschmiedt (1889-1958) in 1908.  They had three sons and a daughter.  He was the last Jew hired by the University between 1903 and the end of the war.

In 1921, Loewi investigated how vital organs respond to chemical and electrical stimulation. He also established their relative dependence on epinephrine for proper function. Consequently, he learnt how nerve impulses are transmitted by chemical messengers. The first chemical neurotransmitter that he identified was acetylcholine.

After being arrested, along with two of his sons, on the night of the German invasion of Austria, March 11, 1938, Loewi was released after three months on condition that he "voluntarily" relinquish all his possessions, including his research, to the Nazis. He went initially to Britain and shortly afterwards he was offered a visiting professorship at the Université libre de Bruxelles via the Francqui Foundation. Loewi moved to the United States in 1940, where he became a research professor at the New York University College of Medicine. In 1946, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1954, he became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. He died in New York City on December 25, 1961.

Shortly after Loewi's death in late 1961, his youngest son bestowed the gold Nobel medal on the Royal Society in London.  He gave the Nobel diploma to the University of Graz in Austria in 1983, where it currently resides, along with a bronze copy of a bust of Loewi.  The original of the bust is at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Loewi's summer home from his arrival in the US until his death.

Research

Before Loewi's experiments, it was unclear whether signaling across the synapse was bioelectrical or chemical. While pharmacology experiments had established that physiological responses such as muscle contraction could be induced by chemical application, there was no evidence that cells released chemical substances to cause these responses. On the contrary, researchers had shown that physiological responses could be caused by applying an electrical impulse, which suggested that electrical transmission may be the only mode of endogenous signaling. In the early 20th century the controversy of whether cells used chemical or electrical transmission divided even the most prominent scientists.

Loewi's famous experiment, published in 1921, largely answered this question. He dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate attached, the other heart on its own. Both hearts were bathed in a saline solution (i.e. Ringer's solution). By electrically stimulating the vagus nerve, Loewi made the first heart beat slower. Then, Loewi took some of the liquid bathing the first heart and applied it to the second heart. The application of the liquid made the second heart also beat slower, proving that some soluble chemical released by the vagus nerve was controlling the heart rate. He called the unknown chemical Vagusstoff, naming it after the nerve and the German word for substance. It was later found that this chemical corresponded to acetylcholine. His experiment was iconic because it was the first to demonstrate the endogenous release of a chemical substance that could cause a response in the absence of electrical stimulation. It paved the way for the understanding that the electrical signaling event (action potential) causes a chemical event (release of neurotransmitter from synapses) that is ultimately the effector on the tissue.

Loewi's investigations "On an augmentation of adrenaline release by cocaine" and "On the connection between digitalis and the action of calcium" stimulated a considerable body of research in the years following their publication.

He also clarified two mechanisms of therapeutic importance: the blockade and the augmentation of nerve action by certain drugs.

Loewi is also known for the means by which the idea for his experiment came to him. On Easter Saturday 1921, he dreamed of an experiment that would prove once and for all that transmission of nerve impulses was chemical, not electrical. He woke up, scribbled the experiment onto a scrap of paper on his night-stand, and went back to sleep.

The next morning, he found, to his horror, that he couldn't read his midnight scribbles. That day, he said, was the longest day of his life, as he could not remember his dream. That night, however, he had the same dream. This time, he immediately went to his lab to perform the experiment.  From that point on, the consensus was that the Nobel was not a matter of "if" but of "when."

Thirteen years later, Loewi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he shared with Sir Henry Hallett Dale.

Loewi's mydriatic test
Loewi observed the removing the pancreas from dogs, giving them an experimental form of diabetes led a change of the response of the eye to adrenaline: this compound in normal dogs has no effect, but in the dogs without a pancreas the pupil dilated.
This test involves instilling repeated doses of 1:1000 adrenaline solution into the eye and looking for pupillary dilation. Surgeons used this as a diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis, which was based on Loewi's observation of such a phenomenon in dogs that had had their pancreas removed. The usefulness of this test was reported in a case series of two patients; it was, as expected, negative in a case involving carcinoma of the bile duct, but positive in a case of pancreatitis. The effectiveness of this test was subsequently investigated. The mechanism of action of this phenomenon is unclear, but has been attributed to "probably due to a functional toxic disturbance of the sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron innervating the iris".

Awards and honours
 1936: Nobel Prize for Medicine (with Henry Hallett Dale)
 Honorary doctorates from New York University, Yale University, University of Graz and the University of Frankfurt
 Physiology Prize of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Bologna
 Lieben Prize of the Academy of Vienna
 1944: Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh
 Honorary member of The Physiological Society in London, Harvey Society in New York and the Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale
 Corresponding member of the Medical Association in Vienna, Biological Society of Vienna, and the Society for the Advancement of Science in Marburg.
 Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in Halle.
 Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1954
 1957: Schmiedeberg badge of the German Pharmacological Society
 1959: Austrian Medal for Science and Art
 1959: Honorary Ring of the city of Graz
 A street, "Otto Loewi Gasse" was named after him in the parish of St. Peter, Graz, Austria.

See also

 List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References

External links
  including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1936 The Chemical Transmission of Nerve Action
 Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1922–1941, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965.
 Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York (2000).
 From the Workshop of Discoveries Porter Lecture at the University of Kansas, 1953 (University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 1953). Full-text PDF file.

1873 births
1961 deaths
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
German Nobel laureates
Austrian Nobel laureates
Nobel laureates from Austria-Hungary
Jewish American scientists
German neuroscientists
Jewish physicians
Jewish Nobel laureates
American neuroscientists
German pharmacologists
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
German expatriates in Austria
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United States
Scientists from Frankfurt
People from Hesse-Nassau
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
University of Strasbourg alumni
Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Academics of University College London
New York University faculty
German emigrants to Austria-Hungary

Otto Loewi


Un sat de vacanță este o structură turistică.

Listă de sate de vacanță din România
 Satul de vacanță Boga, județul Bihor - vezi Fâneața Izvoarelor Crișul Pietros
 Satul Sub Piatră, județul Alba - vezi Comuna Sălciua, Alba
 Cheile Cibinului
 Băile Perșani
 Frații Jderi din Munții Lotrului
 Satul de vacanță "Delfinul" din Sfântu Gheorghe, Tulcea
 Portița, un sat de vacanță construit pe limba de pământ dintre Lacul Razelm, Lacul Golovița și mare
 Satul de vacanță Delta de pe litoral
 Satul de vacanță construit de politicianul Sorin Frunzăverde în Parcul Național Semenic - Cheile Carașului
 Coada Lacului, vezi Barajul Leșu
 Vârtop, vezi Nucet
 Șirnea
 Fundata
 Lerești
 Vatra Moldoviței
 Bogdan Vodă
 Sibiel
 Murighiol
 Crișan

 Sate de vacanță în construcție sau în proiect
 Cetățeanul german Volker Bulitta, fost economist, care s-a stabilit de mai mulți ani în comuna Botiza, la poalele Munților Țibleșului, urmează să construiască un sat de vacanță arahaic.
 Ostrovul Vană din dreptul localității Rast, județul Dolj
 Satul de vacanță Băndoiu din Insula Mare a Brăilei
 Primăria Vișeului de Sus vrea să facă un sat de vacanță pe Valea Vaserului

 Sate de vacanță dispărute
 Aurora Banatului

Sate de vacanță în Cosmos
În anul 2016, Agenția Spațială Europeană a anunțat că vrea să construiască un sat de vacanță pe Lună.

Note

 Vacanță

Sat de vacanță


Stig Förster (* 30. Juli 1951 in Berlin) ist ein deutscher Historiker, der sich auf Militärgeschichte spezialisiert hat. Er ist emeritierter Professor für Neueste Allgemeine Geschichte an der Universität Bern.

Leben und Wirken
Unter Försters Vorfahren waren einige preußisch-deutsche Soldaten und Offiziere. Das hat sein Interesse an der Militärgeschichte beeinflusst, war aber nicht entscheidend. Es geht ihm vielmehr um ein historisches Verständnis von Krieg und organisierter Gewalt, wozu militärgeschichtliche Studien unabdingbar sind. Er wurde 1951 in Berlin-Steglitz geboren und legte das Abitur am Comenius-Gymnasium Düsseldorf ab. Von 1972 an studierte er Geschichte und Germanistik an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. Nach dem ersten Staatsexamen (1978) war er – auf Vermittlung seines Doktorvaters Wolfgang J. Mommsen – Stipendiat am Institut für Europäische Geschichte (IEG) in Mainz und danach Assistent von Karl Otmar Freiherr von Aretin, dem Direktor des IEG, an der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt. Im Jahre 1982 wurde er in Düsseldorf mit der Dissertation Der doppelte Militarismus zum Dr. phil. promoviert. Die Studie wurde als die beste Dissertation des Jahres ausgezeichnet.

Förster arbeitete von 1982 bis 1987 als Research Fellow am Deutschen Historischen Institut in London. Im Jahr 1986 verbrachte er mehrere Monate zu Forschungszwecken in Indien. Von 1987 bis Anfang 1989 arbeitete er als Auslandstipendiat der DFG in London an seiner Habilitationsschrift. 1990 habilitierte er sich an der Universität Düsseldorf. Von 1989 bis 1992 war er Senior Research Fellow am Deutschen Historischen Institut Washington.

Von 1992 bis 1994 war er Professor für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte an der Universität Augsburg. Von 1994 bis 2016 war er Professor für Neueste Allgemeine Geschichte an der Universität Bern. Zu seinen akademischen Schülern gehören u. a. Tanja Bührer, Markus Pöhlmann, Daniel Marc Segesser, Birgit Beck, Samuel Krähenbühl und Dierk Walter. Gemeinsam mit Jörg Nagler, Manfred Boemeke, Bernd Greiner und Roger Chickering organisierte er zwischen 1992 und 2001 die internationalen Konferenzen unter dem Namen The Age of Total War, 1861–1945.

Von November 2002 bis Oktober 2017 war Stig Förster Erster Vorsitzender des Arbeitskreises Militärgeschichte. Außerdem ist Förster Mitglied im Arbeitskreis Historische Friedensforschung, Arbeitskreis Deutsche England-Forschung, Arbeitskreis Außereuropäische Geschichte und Verband der Historiker und Historikerinnen Deutschlands. Er ist Mitglied im Beirat des Bundesministeriums für Verteidigung für das Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr. Außerdem ist Förster Mitglied im Wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Bayerischen Armeemuseums in Ingolstadt. Förster gehörte dem (Advisory) Editorial Board der Zeitschriften German History und War in History an. Darüber hinaus war er bis 2018 Mitherausgeber der Schriftenreihe Krieg in der Geschichte beim Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh. Seit seiner Emeritierung ist Förster weiterhin wissenschaftlich tätig und arbeitet an mehreren Forschungsprojekten.

Försters Forschungsschwerpunkte sind die politische Geschichte vom 16. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert unter Einbeziehung des sozio-ökonomischen und kulturellen Umfelds, die Geschichte des Krieges und des Militärs in globaler und gesellschaftlicher Perspektive, die Geschichte des Imperialismus und der europäischen Expansion sowie die Vergleichende Genozidforschung.

Stig Förster ist verheiratet. Er lebt in Stettlen bei Bern und in Berlin.

Schriften (Auszug)

Monografien
 Der doppelte Militarismus. Die deutsche Heeresrüstungspolitik zwischen Status-quo-Sicherung und Aggression 1890–1913 (= Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für europäische Geschichte Mainz. Bd. 118). Steiner, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-515-04310-1 (Dissertation, Universität Düsseldorf, 1982).
 Die mächtigen Diener der East India Company. Ursachen und Hintergründe der britischen Expansionspolitik in Südasien 1793–1819 (= Beiträge zur Kolonial- und Überseegeschichte. Bd. 54). Steiner, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-515-05953-9 (Habilitationsschrift, Universität Düsseldorf, 1989).

Herausgeberschaften
 mit Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Ronald Robinson: Bismarck, Europe and Africa. The Berlin Africa Conference 1884–1885 and the onset of partition. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1988, ISBN 0-19-920500-0.
 Moltke: Vom Kabinettskrieg zum Volkskrieg. Eine Werkauswahl. Bouvier, Bonn u. a. 1992, ISBN 3-416-80655-7.
 mit Johannes Burkhardt, Josef Becker, Günther Kronenbitter: Lange und kurze Wege in den Ersten Weltkrieg. Vier Augsburger Beiträge zur Kriegsursachenforschung (= Schriften der Philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität Augsburg, Nr. 49). Vögel, München 1996, ISBN 3-89650-012-0.
 mit Eva-Maria Auch: "Barbaren" und "weiße Teufel". Kulturkonflikte und Imperialismus in Asien vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert. Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 1997, ISBN 3-506-70402-8.
 mit Jörg Nagler: On the Road to Total War. The American Civil War and the German Wars of Unification 1861–1871. Cambridge University Press, New York 1997, ISBN 0-521-56071-3.
 mit Manfred F. Boemeke, Roger Chickering: Anticipating total war. The German and American experiences, 1871–1914. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 1999, ISBN 0-521-62294-8.
 mit Gerhard Hirschfeld: Genozid in der modernen Geschichte. Lit, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-8258-4018-2.
 mit Markus Pöhlmann, Dierk Walter: Schlachten der Weltgeschichte. Von Salamis bis Sinai. C.H. Beck, München 2001, ISBN 3-406-48097-7.
 An der Schwelle zum totalen Krieg. Die militärische Debatte über den Krieg der Zukunft 1919–1939 (= Krieg in der Geschichte, Bd. 13). Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2002, ISBN 3-506-74482-8.
 mit Roger Chickering: The Shadows of Total War. Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-81236-8.
 mit Roger Chickering, Bernd Greiner: A World at Total War. Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005, ISBN 978-0-511-08213-9.
 mit Markus Pöhlmann, Dierk Walter: Kriegsherren der Weltgeschichte. 22 historische Portraits. C.H. Beck, München 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-54983-0.
 mit Michael Epkenhans, Karen Hagemann: Militärische Erinnerungskultur. Soldaten im Spiegel von Biographien (= Krieg in der Geschichte, Bd. 29). Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2006, ISBN 978-3-506-75680-0.
 mit Roger Chickering: Great War – Total War. Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006, ISBN 978-0-521-02637-6.
 mit Christian Jansen, Günther Kronenbitter: Rückkehr der Condottieri? Krieg und Militär zwischen staatlichem Monopol und Privatisierung. Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart (= Krieg in der Geschichte, Bd. 57). Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-506-76754-7.
 mit Roger Chickering: War in an Age of Revolution, 1775–1815. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-89996-3.
 Vor dem Sprung ins Dunkle. Die militärische Debatte über den Krieg der Zukunft 1880–1914 (= Krieg in der Geschichte, Bd. 92). Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, ISBN 978-3-506-78266-3.

Literatur
 Flavio Eichmann, Markus Pöhlmann, Dierk Walter (Hrsg.): Globale Machtkonflikte und Kriege. Festschrift für Stig Förster zum 65. Geburtstag. Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, ISBN 978-3-506-78392-9.

Weblinks

 Stig Förster auf der Website der Universität Bern

Einzelnachweise

Neuzeithistoriker
Militärhistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Universität Bern)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Augsburg)
Herausgeber
Deutscher
Geboren 1951
Mann

Stig Förster


Das Ad Hoc Orchestra war die Begleitband von Željko Joksimović beim Eurovision Song Contest 2004. Die Musiker der Gruppe sind allesamt aktiv in der serbischen Musikszene und im klassischen oder folkloristischen Bereich tätig. Auch bei anderen Auftritten des Sängers war die Gruppe, in unterschiedlichen Besetzungen, zugegen.

Mitglieder
Stammmitglieder waren: Tijana Milošević (Geige), Rastko Aksentijević (Gitarre, Saz) und Miloš Nikolić (Kaval). Bei dem Auftritt beim Eurovision Song Contest waren zusätzlich zwei Trommler zu sehen. Das Gespann erreichte mit dem folkloristischen Titel Lane moje den zweiten Platz.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Interpret eines serbisch-montenegrinischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Serbische Band
Popband

Ad Hoc Orchestra


أحلام بحار متعب هي مجموعة قصصية للقصاص التونسي إبراهيم الأسود صدرت عام 1988 ضمن منشورات «قصص» وتحمل رقم 8. وقد تم نشرها ببادرة من رئيس اتحاد الكتاب التونسيين آنذاك الأديب محمد العروسي المطوي.

ومن ضمن تلك المجموعة العناوين التالية:

 «أحزان صغيرة»؛
 «صندوق الشموع»؛
 «ثمنا للشمس»؛
 «أحلام بحار متعب»؛
 «أحزان ليلة سهاد»؛
 «ريح الشمال»؛
 «أصداء نهاية»؛
 «سكير شارع مقفر»؛
 «أحزان الرفيق يوحنا»؛
 «رجل الخمارة الصاخب»؛
 «مومياء بيت داعر»؛
 «حكاية التنين»؛
 «حكاية الحمار الأصهب».

يقول عنها الناصر التومي: «مضامين النصوص مغرقة في السوداوية، شخوصها محبطون، مقمعون من كل جانب، ولعل عناوين بعضها كانت الإشارة الأولى لتأزمها». كما يقول «أغلب النصوص شخوصها رجال، وجلها تصور حالة متازمة لفرد واحد ألا وهو الراوي، والتي صيغت جلها بضمير المتكلم أنا، وهي سمة تتماشى وهذه النوعية من الكتابة الاعتراف، فمن خلالها يستطيع الكاتب الإفضاء بما يختلج في صدره من تأزم بكل يسر» (مجلة قصص، ع 144، أفريل -جوان 2008، ص 77-78.

أدب تونسي
كتب 1988

أحلام بحار متعب


{{Infobox Objet astronomique
| nom				= NGC 5726
| image				= NGC 5726 SDSS2.jpg
| légende 			= La galaxie lenticulaire NGC 5726
| découvreur    	= Ormond Stone
| date découverte	=
| désignations		= PGC 52563  ESO 580-12  MCG -3-37-6
| type				= Galaxie lenticulaire
| type de galaxie	= S0^- pec E/S0? E-S0
| constellation 	= Balance
| redshift			= 0,011428 ± 0,000067
| vitesse radiale 	= 3426 ± 20
	|vitesse radiale notes =
| ascension droite	= 14/42/56.0
   |ascension droite notes=
| déclinaison		= -18/26/42
	| déclinaison notes	=
| carte UAI             = Balance
| dist 				=
| magnitude apparente	= 12,7
| magnitude apparente notes    = 13,7 dans la Bande B
| brillance de surface 	= 12,98
	| brillance de surface notes =
| angle de position	= 133°
	| angle de position notes=
| dimensions apparentes	= 1,3′ × 1,0′
| dimensions = <ref group=alpha>Diamètre isophote du relevé ESO-LV Quick Blue"" IIa-O.</ref>
}}

NGC 5726 est une galaxie lenticulaire située dans la constellation de la Balance. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5726 a été découverte par l'astronome américain Ormond Stone en 1886.

À ce jour, une mesure non basée sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift'') donne une distance d'. Cette valeur est nettement à l'extérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble. Notons que c'est avec la valeur moyenne des mesures indépendantes, même s'il n'y en a qu'une seule, que la base de données NASA/IPAC calcule le diamètre d'une galaxie et qu'en conséquence le diamètre de NGC 5726 pourrait être d' si on utilisait la distance de Hubble pour le calculer.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5726 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5726
Constellation de la Balance
Galaxie lenticulaire
Objet céleste découvert en 1886
Objet céleste découvert par Ormond Stone

NGC 5726


Beglik Tash es un santuario tracio de roca situado en la costa sur del Mar Negro de Bulgaria, a pocos kilómetros al norte de la ciudad de Primorsko.

Beglik Tash es un fenómeno natural de enormes megalitos dispuestos y tallados por una tribu tracia y luego se utilizaron para las ceremonias religiosas. Es parte de un área más amplia alrededor y una formación rocosa natural de grandes bloques monolíticos de origen volcánico, y se formaron de magma endurecido que entró en erupción de un volcán activo durante la era Mesozoica. En la actualidad, el museo al aire libre es mantenido por la Sociedad Histórica de Burgas. La mayoría de los megalitos tienen restos de tallas de los efectos de los rituales de Tracia. También están los restos de un laberinto que los visitantes pueden pasar a través de él. El reloj de sol es de Tracia y está formado por grandes piedras. También hay una roca enorme grande, de pie en tan sólo dos puntos y una cueva, parecida a falda de una mujer.

Enlaces externos

Fotos de Bulgaria - Beglik Tash

Monumentos megalíticos
Formaciones rocosas

Yacimientos arqueológicos de Bulgaria

Provincia de Burgas

Beglik Tash


Thomas Migwi Kamau (* 1978) ist ein kenianischer Marathonläufer.

2004 kam er beim Vienna City Marathon auf den 13. Platz und siegte beim Hong Kong Marathon.

2006 wurde er mit seiner persönlichen Bestzeit von 2:15:33 h Neunter beim Eindhoven-Marathon.

Weblinks

Marathonläufer (Kenia)
Leichtathlet (Kenia)
Kenianer
Mann
Geboren 1978

Thomas Migwi Kamau


Die Ursulinenstraße in der Kreisstadt Düren (Nordrhein-Westfalen) ist eine historische Innerortsstraße.

Lage
Die Straße beginnt an der Dechant-Vaßen-Straße und endet an der Bonner Straße. Gegenüber liegt die Frankenstraße

An der Einmündung Bonner Straße steht das Bonnkreuz aus dem Jahr 1700.

Geschichte
Die Straße wurde nach den Ursulinen benannt, die 1681 von Lüttich nach Düren kamen. In der Nähe der Köln-Obertor-Promenade erstreckte sich nach Osten zu ein Graben, der wegen der französischen Soldaten, die nach der Besetzung Dürens im Jahre 1794 an einer Seuche gestorben und hier begraben worden waren, Frannzosengraben und später Franzosengasse genannt wurde. Dieser Weg verlief in rechtem Winkel zur Bonner Straße. Am 22. März 1889 erklärte sich der Stadtrat mit einer Umbenennung in Ursulinenstraße einverstanden.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Straßen in Düren

Quellen
 Straßenliste auf der Webseite der Stadt Düren (PDF; 58 kB)
 Josef Geuenich: Die Dürener Straßennamen, Düren 1965, herausgegeben von der Stadt Düren und dem Dürener Geschichtsverein

Urbaner Freiraum in Düren
Straße in Düren

Ursulinenstraße (Düren)


Le dème d'Egnatía , en  / Dímos Egnatías, est un dème du district régional d'Ioánnina, en Épire, Grèce. Depuis 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Métsovo.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Dème en Épire
Ancien dème en Grèce

Dème d'Egnatía (Ioánnina)


An Paspalum motembense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Leon. An Paspalum motembense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paspalum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Paspalum

Paspalum motembense


Le congrès universel d'espéranto de 1955 est le  congrès universel d'espéranto, organisé en août 1955, à Bologne en Italie.

Contexte

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Congrès mondial d'espéranto

1955
Espéranto en Italie
Bologne
1955 en Italie

Congrès universel d'espéranto de 1955


Duke of Leeds was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1694 for the prominent statesman Thomas Osborne, 1st Marquess of Carmarthen, who had been one of the Immortal Seven in the Revolution of 1688. He had already succeeded as 2nd Baronet, of Kiveton (1647) and been created Viscount Osborne, of Dunblane (1673), Baron Osborne, of Kiveton in the County of York (also 1673) and Viscount Latimer, of Danby in the County of York (also 1673), Earl of Danby, in the County of York (1674), and Marquess of Carmarthen (1689). All these titles were in the Peerage of England, except for the viscountcy of Osborne, which was in the Peerage of Scotland. He resigned the latter title in favour of his son in 1673. The Earldom of Danby was a revival of the title held by his great-uncle, Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby (see Earl of Danby).

History
The Dukedom was named for Leeds in Yorkshire, and did not (as is sometimes claimed) refer to Leeds Castle in Kent. The principal ducal seat was Kiveton Hall. After Kiveton Hall was demolished in 1811, Hornby Castle became the main seat of the Dukes of Leeds. The traditional burial place of the Dukes of Leeds was All Hallows Church, Harthill, South Yorkshire.

The 4th Duke married Mary Godolphin, daughter of Henrietta Churchill Godolphin, suo jure Duchess of Marlborough, and The 2nd Earl of Godolphin, and assumed the arms of Godolphin and Churchill.

On 8 August 1849, The 7th Duke of Leeds assumed by royal licence the additional surname and arms of D'Arcy, for the separate baronies of D'Arcy (1322) and Conyers that he inherited through his grandmother.

Upon the death of the 7th Duke in 1859, the dukedom passed to his cousin, The 2nd Baron Godolphin, whose father (the second son of The 5th Duke of Leeds) had been created Baron Godolphin, of Farnham Royal in the County of Buckingham, in 1832.

The 11th Duke was married three times; he had a daughter, Lady Camilla Osborne, but no son. Upon his death in 1963, the dukedom passed to his cousin, Sir D'Arcy Osborne, a diplomat. Eight months later, the 12th Duke died in Rome, unmarried, at which point the dukedom and the Barony of Godolphin became extinct.

The heir apparent to the Duke of Leeds was styled Marquess of Carmarthen; Lord Carmarthen's heir apparent was styled Earl of Danby; and Lord Danby's heir apparent was styled Viscount Latimer.

Osborne Baronets, of Kiveton (1620)
Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet (1596–1647)
Sir Thomas Osborne, 2nd Baronet (1632–1712) (created Viscount Osborne in 1673, Earl of Danby in 1674, Marquess of Carmarthen in 1689 and Duke of Leeds in 1694)

Dukes of Leeds (1694)
Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds (1632–1712)
Edward Osborne, Viscount Latimer (1655–1689), eldest son of the 1st Duke, died without surviving issue
Peregrine Osborne, 2nd Duke of Leeds (1659–1729), second son of the 1st Duke
Peregrine Hyde Osborne, 3rd Duke of Leeds (1691–1731), only son of the 2nd Duke
Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds (1713–1789), only son of the 3rd Duke
Thomas Osborne, Marquess of Carmarthen (1747), eldest son of the 4th Duke, died during his father's lifetime
Francis Godolphin Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds (1751–1799), third son of the 4th Duke
Other titles (6th & 7th Dukes):  Baron Darcy de Knayth (1322) and Baron Conyers (1509)
George William Frederick Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds (1775–1838), eldest son of the 5th Duke
Francis George Godolphin D'Arcy D'Arcy-Osborne, 7th Duke of Leeds (1798–1859), eldest son of the 6th Duke, died without issue
Other titles (8th Duke onwards): Baron Godolphin (1832)
George Godolphin Osborne, 8th Duke of Leeds (1802–1872), eldest son of the 5th Duke's second son, The Lord Godolphin
George Godolphin Osborne, 9th Duke of Leeds (1828–1895), eldest son of the 8th Duke
George Osborne, Earl of Danby (1861), eldest son of the 9th Duke (then Lord Carmarthen), died in infancy during his grandfather's lifetime
George Godolphin Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds (1862–1927), second son of the 9th Duke
John Francis Godolphin Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds (1901–1963), only son of the 10th Duke, died without male issue
Francis D'Arcy Godolphin Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds (1884–1964), grandson of Lord Godolphin's third son, died without issue, at which point all of his titles became extinct

Family tree

Notes

References

Source

Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of England
 Duke
British landowners
Noble titles created in 1694
Dukes of Leeds

Duke of Leeds


Edith Meinel (née le  à Berlin, morte en 2003) est une actrice germano-autrichienne.

Biographie
Edith Meinel commence sa carrière cinématographique et scénique au milieu des années 1930. Devant la caméra, elle décroche surtout de petits rôles. Elle reste longtemps au théâtre sans engagement permanent. Résidente à Munich jusqu'en 1942, on y voit Edith Meinel pour la dernière fois au Bayerischen Staatsoperette. Pour la saison 1942-1943, elle s'installe à Vienne, où elle s'engage au Renaissancetheater. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Meinel est membre de l'ensemble du Wiener Kammerspiele jusqu'en 1949.

En 1953, elle met un terme à sa carrière d'actrice et devient artiste visuelle. Elle crée une série d'aquarelles et de gravures portant des noms tels que Athos, Der Talisman et Versuchung am Scheideweg. Edith Meinel n'apparait presque plus devant la caméra. En 1977, Edith Meinel, qui vit à Vienne et à Munich, reçoit le Prix artistique de Souabe dans la catégorie Peinture et Graphisme.

Filmographie
 1935 : Die selige Exzellenz
 1936 : Arzt aus Leidenschaft
 1936 : Die Stunde der Versuchung
 1936 : Susanne im Bade
 1937 : Die Korallenprinzessin
 1938 : Einmal werd' ich dir gefallen
 1938 : Geheimzeichen LB 17
 1938 :
 1939 : Der arme Millionär
 1941 :
 1941 : Les Comédiens
 1941 : Jenny und der Herr im Frack
 1948 : Le Procès
 1948 : Valse céleste
 1951 : Le Vieux Pécheur
 1951 : Asphalt
 1952 :
 1953 : Flucht ins Schilf
 1953 :
 1972 : Die Abenteuer des braven Soldaten Schwejk (un épisode de la série télévisée)
 1975 : Das chinesische Wunder

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice allemande de théâtre
Actrice autrichienne de théâtre
Actrice allemande de cinéma
Actrice autrichienne de cinéma
Peintre autrichienne
Naissance en février 1911
Naissance à Berlin
Décès en 2003
Lieu de décès inconnu

Edith Meinel


علي أمين سيالة (مواليد طرابلس، 1863 م) عالم دين مسلم، له دور مهم في الحركة العلمية والثقافية بليبيا. اشتغل بالتعليم والقضاء، وله عدد من المؤلفات. توفي بطرابلس سنة 1957 م، ودفن بها في مقبرة سيدي منيذر.

سيرته
بدأ حياته في صنعة الحياكة ونسج الثياب على عادة سكان طرابلس آنذاك، ولمّا كان سكنه قريبًا من الزاوية القادرية بجوار جامع الناقة فإنه كان يداوم على حضور الدروس والمجالس بها، أخذ العلوم الإسلامية عن كبار علماء طرابلس منهم: الشيخ محمد كامل بن مصطفى، والشيخ البشير الهوني، والشيخ الأمين العالم، والشيخ نصر القمي، وغيرهم، ولم يكن الشيخ راضيًا عن سلوك بعض الأفراد الذين يسيؤون إلى التصوف بحسب رأيه، فعندما استلم مشيخة الطريقة القادرية سعى إلى اتخاذ منهج إصلاحي مطالبًا تلاميذه أن يتمسكوا بالكتاب والسنة، كما كان يحثهم على معرفة أصول الدين والعقائد والفقه.

كما اشتهر سيالة بنظم الشعر خاصةً التي تتناول مدح رسول الإسلام محمد بن عبد الله، وقد قام الشيخ أحمد بن حمادي بتشطير بعض منه في كتابه (حادي العقول إلى بلوغ المأمول).

مؤلفاته
 الدروس الأساسية للناشئة الإسلامية (ثلاثة أجزاء)، قرّظ له المشائخ: إبراهيم باكير، عبد السلام الزنتاني، حسن بن أحمد العالم عبد النور.
 الدرر البواسم في خطب المواسم.
 عقيدة الأكابر.
 التحفة القادرية (مخطوطة بمكتبة الأوقاف بطرابلس).
 ريحانة الأرواح في مولد خير الملاح.

مصادر

مقالات ذات صلة
 مدرسة عثمان باشا
 أحمد زروق.
 عبد الواحد الدكالي.
 عبد السلام الأسمر.
 أحمد البهلول.
 محمد كامل بن مصطفى.
 منصور أبو زبيدة.
 أحمد الشارف.
 مصطفى التريكي.
 جريدة المرصاد.

أشاعرة
أشخاص من طرابلس (ليبيا)
شعراء ليبيون
صوفيون ليبيون
علماء دين سنة ليبيون
علماء مسلمون في القرن 13 هـ
علماء مسلمون في القرن 14 هـ
مالكية
مذهبيون
مواليد 1863
وفيات 1957

علي أمين سيالة


Mount McLoughlin is a dormant steep-sided stratovolcano, or composite volcano, in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon and within the United States Sky Lakes Wilderness. It is one of the volcanic peaks in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, within the High Cascades sector. A prominent landmark for the Rogue River Valley, the mountain is north of Mount Shasta, and south-southeast of Crater Lake. It was named around 1838 after John McLoughlin, a Chief Factor for the Hudson's Bay Company. Mount McLouglin's prominence has made it a landmark to Native American populations for thousands of years.

McLoughlin consists largely of basaltic andesite. It underwent three major eruptive periods before its last activity took place between 30,000 and 20,000 years ago. It is not currently monitored for activity or deformation. Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall and temperature variation between seasons. The Pacific Crest Trail skirts the eastern and northern sides and also accesses the only trail to the summit, the  McLoughlin Trail 3716. The mountain can also be skied.

Geography

The major landmark for the Rogue River Valley, Mount McLoughlin reaches an elevation of . The tallest volcano in between Mount Shasta — located  to the south — and South Sister  to the north, it lies in the Cascade Range, in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Oregon. Most of the volcano lies in Jackson County, though the eastern side of its base lies in Klamath County. It is the sixth tallest peak in Oregon, but despite its height, Mount McLoughlin only has a volume of .

The volcano includes the North Squaw Tip and South Squaw Tip peaks, which occur on its flanks at elevations of  and , respectively. It can be seen from the Interstate 5 and U.S. Route 97 highways. From the southwest and southeast, it has a symmetrical appearance, but the northeastern flank of the volcano has been eroded and transformed into a hollow amphitheater.

Wilderness

McLoughlin lies within the Sky Lakes Wilderness area, part of the  and the Fremont–Winema National Forests. The Sky Lakes Wilderness covers an area of , with a width of  and a length of . Designated by the United States Congress in 1984, it stretches from Crater Lake National Park to Oregon Route 140 at the south and ranges in elevation from  in the Middle Fork canyon of the Rogue River to the peak of McLoughlin. The wilderness area encompasses more than 200 bodies of water including ponds and lakes, in addition to forests and mountain ridges.

Physical geography

The local area has warm, dry summers during the daytime with cool nights, and snowy winters that impede access to the Sky Lakes Wilderness through July. Moisture is limited between June and October barring occasional thunderstorms, which accounts for a very short growing season between ice thawing and drought. On average, precipitation does not exceed  at medium elevations, reaching  at greater heights, most of which consists of snowfall.

Around the base of the mountain, there are a number of lakes, including the Lake of the Woods and Fourmile Lake. The Upper Klamath Lake, the largest body of freshwater in the state, sits to the east of Mount McLoughlin. The Summit Lake is a small lake on the northern slope of the volcano between the Rogue River and the Klamath Basin. The Big Butte Creek, a tributary of the Rogue River, drains the northwestern part of McLoughlin, while the Little Butte Creek is fed by the southern flanks.

Climate

Ecology
About 20 tree species can be found throughout Mount McLoughlin's surroundings, including Pacific yew at low elevations, mountain hemlock, whitebark pine, and subalpine fir at higher elevations, and lodgepole pine and red fir throughout. Other plant species include shrubs, wildflowers, junipers, heather, columbine, kinnikinnick, huckleberry, chinquapins, grouse huckleberry, and bearberry.

Common fauna in the area include chipmunks, deer, elk, American black bears, coyotes, while yellow-bellied marmots, fishers, pikas, and American martens are less common. More than 150 bird species live in the Big Butte Creek watershed near McLoughlin. Eagles and hawks can be sighted in the vicinity, as can spotted owls. goshawks like to live beneath the tree canopy in the region. Amphibian species like Oregon spotted frogs and Cascades frogs live in certain parts of the watershed. Fish species include Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, Coho salmon, Pacific lamprey, and coastal cutthroat trout.

Geology

Little was known about Mount McLoughlin's geology until the 1970s. Much of what is known today comes from LeRoy Maynard of the center for Volcanology at the University of Oregon. His work established that the volcano was built over three eruptive phases, each with their own eruption types. James Smith from the United States Geological Survey expanded on Maynard's findings, producing a map of the McLoughlin region.

McLoughlin is part of the High Cascades, which trend north–south. Formed towards the end of the Pleistocene Epoch, these mountains are underlain by more ancient volcanoes that subsided due to parallel north–south faulting in the surrounding region. Like other Cascade volcanoes, Mount McLoughlin was fed by magma chambers produced by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate under the western edge of the North American tectonic plate. Within Oregon, plutons, or bodies of intrusive igneous rock that crystallize from magma cooling below the surface of the Earth, lay between  northwest of the major High Cascade axis. At McLoughlin, mean displacement rates for the past 16 million years have been  each year.

The volcano shows magnetic high points to the east of its main cone, suggesting that it has normal magnetic polarization that corresponds to an age of less than 700,000 years. Other evidence that the volcano is geologically young include its symmetrical shape on the western and southern sides, its well-preserved lava flow deposits, and the absence of soil formation on many of its flow deposits.

McLoughlin is a stratovolcano, made up of basaltic andesite on top of underlying basaltic andesitic shield volcanoes. Much of its central volcanic cone formed within the last 200,000 years, including lava flows on the sides of the mountain that are between 30,000 and 20,000 years old. The volcano has a volume of , and its lava is predominantly basaltic andesite with silicon dioxide content between 53 and 57 percent, though it also has andesite.

During the last ice age, a large ice cap buried most of the High Cascades, reaching thicknesses in the thousands of feet. Pleistocene glaciers carved out McLoughlin's major volcanic cone, excavating two solidified lava tubes that reached the summit crater. From 25,000 to 12,000 years ago, glaciers on the northern slopes of the volcano combined with an ice cap at the base of the volcano that was about  thick. A cirque glacier occupied part of the depression until early in the 20th century. The volcano displays a lack of snow during the summer season.

Nearby features

Two nearby volcanoes closely resemble Mount McLoughlin in composition. Brown Mountain, a shield volcano with a volume of , lies to the southeast, while Pelican Butte, the most prominent shield volcano in the southern Cascades of Oregon, lies to the east.

Brown Mountain has been dated to between 60,000 and 12,000 years old. It produced basaltic andesite lava flows that have not been heavily eroded, but during Pleistocene glacial advance, ice streams on the volcano ate away at the cinder cone that formed Brown Mountain's summit. This formed a glacial cirque with a bowl shape on the northeastern flank.

Pelican Butte reaches an elevation of , and it features gradual slopes. Adjacent to Klamath Lake, it has a greater volume than McLoughlin at , and it is made up of basaltic andesite. Like Brown Mountain, Pelican Butte has a cinder cone on the top of its summit, in addition to a glacial cirque and ravine that were excavated on its northeastern side. These eroded areas exhibit pyroclastic rock in a matrix with lava flows, suggesting that blocky and ʻaʻā lavas formed an outer shell around Pelican Butte's fragmented interior. Glaciation has also lowered the overall volcano by tens of yards.

Other volcanoes can be found within the Sky Lakes Wilderness area, including lava flows and mud flows at Big Bunchgrass Butte and Imagination Peak, in addition to more recent eruptive activity at Goosenest Mountain in the northeastern sector.

Eruptive history

Mount McLoughlin underwent at least three distinct eruptive phases. Early activity at Mount McLoughlin was explosive, and it yielded tephra and pyroclastic rock that built about a third of the overall volume. These eruptions also yielded lava flows, but they only occurred on the lower flanks. The northwestern flank has volcanic vents that produced lava flows responsible for inundating the Fourbit Creek valley  from the base of McLoughlin, which extend up to the Big Butte Springs. Other lava flows from earlier eruptions reach at least  from the base of the mountain, a number of which run along the Oregon Route 140 highway. One ʻaʻā stream that filled a river valley for  in length moved from an elevation of  to , though it was thin, with more than  of its length being less than  in width.

A second eruptive stage was characterized by large lava flows, which covered the inner pyroclastic core with basaltic andesite. These thin lava flows formed a shell around the loosely compacted pyroclastic interior. The third stage of development consisted of floods of blocky lava erupting from below the summit and more fluid lavas erupting from basal fissures, mostly confined to the south slope. North Squaw Tip and South Squaw Tip on McLoughlin's west flank now mark the site of the two major blocky flow vents. There are two smaller vents as well. The entire third stage is thought to have happened after the last Pleistocene glaciers in the area had melted, due to a general lack of weathering and fresh appearance of the solidified lava. The freshest lava flows at Mount McLoughlin occur on the southern and western flanks of the mountain, and they are thought to be between 30,000 and 20,000 years old.

Future activity

Mount McLoughlin's main volcanic cone has not erupted during the Holocene, with the last production of lava flows taking place between 30,000 and 20,000 years ago. The volcano is not currently monitored for activity or deformation. The closest seismic monitoring stations lie  to the south near Mount Shasta and the Medicine Lake Volcano.

Human history

McLouglin has served as a landmark to Native American populations for thousands of years. They utilized the area to hunt and gather berries. The Takelma people referred to it as "Mal-sr" or "Alwilamchaldis", one of their mythical heroes, and they considered it the home of Tasuune, or the "Acorn Woman", a being that helped their acorns grow every year. In the culture of the Shasta people, McLoughlin was known as "Makayax"; the Klamath people named the volcano "Walum" and "Kesh yainatat", meaning the home of the "dwarf old woman" that controlled the west wind. McLoughlin was called "Melaiksi" by the Modoc people. The Little Butte Creek which drains from McLoughlin was called "So-ytanak", translating as "corner" or "rock house", by the Upper Takelma people.

First detected by an American explorer Peter Skene Ogden in 1827, McLoughlin has a complex name-place history. Ogden called the volcano "Mt. Sastise" after the Shasta Native Americans that helped him reach the Rogue Valley, but this name was later exchanged with Mount Shasta in northern California, then called "Pit Mountain". To local residents, Mount McLoughlin's English name was Mount Pitt, though it came to be referred to by other names including Mt. John Quincy Adams, Mt. Clear View, Snowy Butte, and Mt. Madison, also appearing in maps as Mount Pitt, Mount Simpson, and Mount Jackson. Though the volcano was also known as Mount McLoughlin during the 1800s, it was officially renamed in 1905 by the Oregon Legislative Assembly after Dr. John McLoughlin, a factor for the Hudson's Bay Company noted for helping American settlers in the 1830s and 1840s. An important figure in the local fur trade, McLoughlin was also known as the "Father of Oregon". The change from Pitt to McLoughlin was later confirmed by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1912.

The area around Mount McLoughlin was frequented by fur trappers and explorers, but they did not settle for long stays in the area. Settlers living near the surrounding Sky Lakes Wilderness trapped beavers and martens during the winter seasons, hunted, and grazed sheep in warmer months. Stuart Falls and Twin Ponds marked popular spots for picking huckleberries. Trails and fire lookouts were constructed for the Sky Lakes Wilderness area in the early 1900s, with the Pacific Crest Trail expanding into the region during the mid-1970s, superseding the pre-existing Oregon Skyline Trail.

Mount McLoughlin's first known ascent took place in 1858, when Joseph Burpee, William Wilkinson, Dr. Greer, Henry Klippel, John S. Love, and Robert Haines, from the city of Jacksonville, reached the summit from the northeast. The event was reported in a letter published by the Jacksonville Democratic Times on May 28, 1897. In 1896, members of the Mazama mountaineering club including Lottie Reed, Henry Pittock, and Leslie Scott ascended the mountain.

As of 1926, Mount McLoughlin's western flank acts as the municipal watershed for Medford, its melted snow feeding the Big Butte Springs near the city. The summer melting of snow forms a shape that is referred to locally as "the angel wings" or "the diving eagle", which local fishers consider a sign of peak fishing opportunities in the mountain's lakes.

Recreation
Mount McLoughlin has a  hiking trail to its summit.  While non-technical, the trail gains about  in elevation, typically requiring at least six hours from start to finish. The trail receives moderate to heavy use each year; the peak is easiest to reach from July through September, when the trailhead is accessible by vehicle and snow is minimal along the path. The Mt. McLoughlin Trailhead is on Forest Road 3650,  north of Oregon Route 140. After about , the Mt. McLoughlin Trail joins the Pacific Crest Trail for half a mile, then passes through a forested area for about  before reaching timberline. The last mile of the route travels over blocky lava and rubble, and the trail above the tree line is less clearly delineated. From the summit, Mount Shasta and Crater Lake can be seen.

During the winter, the climb requires snowshoes, crampons, and ice axes, and is far more challenging than the popular summertime route. The access road from Oregon Route 140 may also be closed due to snow, requiring a longer approach on snowshoes or cross country skis. The mountain can also be skied, which has become more popular in recent years.

See also
Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

Notes
 [a]  Other sources list the elevation as .

References

Sources

External links

Cascade Range
Cascade Volcanoes
Cinder cones of the United States
Locations in Native American mythology
Mountains of Jackson County, Oregon
Mountains of Oregon
Subduction volcanoes
Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
Stratovolcanoes of Oregon
Volcanoes of Klamath County, Oregon

Mount McLoughlin


Federico Senén López-Alonso (León, 12 de agosto de 1901 - Madrid, 8 de marzo de 1961), violinista y musicólogo español.

Biografía
Su padre, que era músico militar, le dio las primeras lecciones de violín desde la edad de seis años y a los diez actuó en África ante los infantes de Borbón. Desde los once fue tutelado por el escritor Benito Pérez Galdós, al par que famoso novelista, también crítico musical; estudió en el Real Conservatorio de Madrid con su director, Antonio Fernández Bordas, y con Julio Francés, y armonía con Benito García de la Parra. Se licenció con las mejores notas y ganó diploma de primera clase y el premio Sarasate en 1920; marchó con una beca a París, donde estudió cuatro años con Lucien Capet; en 1922 obtuvo el premio de virtuosismo o interpretación en la Escuela Municipal de París; también asistió a un curso de interpretación de clavecín dirigido por Wanda Landowska. Desde 1923 dirigió la Banda de Música de Gijón. En 1924 llevó la crítica musical del diario ovetense La Voz de Asturias. En 1925 hizo un viaje artístico por Hispanoamérica (Argentina, Uruguay, Brasil, Chile). Fundó el Trío Clásico Español (1928) y el Cuarteto del Palacio Real de Madrid. Ejerció como profesor de violín en el Real Conservatorio de Música de Madrid desde 1933 y en el Colegio de Ciegos Santa Cristina de los Donados, en ambos casos hasta su muerte.

Creó y dirigió la Agrupación de Solistas Españoles (1952), amparada por la Sociedad Los íntimos de la música que presidía el doctor Carlos Jiménez Díaz. El mecenas Pedro Masavéu, promotor del premio de piano que lleva su nombre, tuteló esta agrupación, cuyo fin era difundir la música poco conocida en España de conjuntos reducidos de cuerda; con ella actuó en Europa y América y estrenó en España Las cuatro estaciones de Vivaldi; atendió un repertorio de más de trescientas piezas. En 1955 fue condecorado por la República Italiana como caballero por difundir y estudiar la música italiana; en efecto, en la década de los cincuenta introdujo y popularizó la música barroca italiana en los repertorios españoles.

Como musicólogo estudió profundamente las sonatas para violín y las ofreció en concierto en los Ateneos de Barcelona y Madrid. En la Unión Musical Española publicó (1921) una Colección de piezas fáciles para violín y piano, localizadas en el Centro de Documentación y Archivos de la Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. Fue premio March en 1961 y ese mismo año falleció en Madrid en 1961; su archivo fue donado por su heredera Margarita Duport Barrero a la Biblioteca Nacional en 2010.

Obras
 Colección de piezas fáciles para violín y piano, Madrid: Unión Musical Española, 1921.

Notas

Bibliografía
 V. Pliego de Andrés, "Recuerdo del maestro Federico Senén a través de Gerardo Diego", en Música: revista del Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid, nos. 16 y 17 (2009-2010), pp. 115-164.

Violinistas clásicos de España
Musicólogos de España
Músicos clásicos del siglo XX de España

Federico Senén


O De Morgan Centre for the Study of 19th Century Art and Society é uma galeria formada com obras do casal William (ceramista) e Evelyn De Morgan, importantes expoentes do movimento Arts and Crafts, numa coleção formada por Wilhelmina Stirling, irmã de Evelyn.

O acervo foi exposto na própria casa de Stirling, mas após sua morte em 1965 as obras foram divididas em várias exposições, até que em 2002 instalou-se na  West Hill Reference Library em Wandsworth, onde ficou até 2009 quando o conselho local decidiu pelo fechamento da biblioteca como medida para corte de custos, de forma que em 2011 transferiu-se para o Wandsworth Museum, onde ficou até 2014 quando este museu foi realocado.

Possuindo mais de cinquenta pinturas de Evelyn e mais de mil cerâmicas de William, o De Morgan Centre é mantido pela The De Morgan Foundation.

A partir da perda de uma sede física a curadora da fundação mantenedora, Claire Longworth, afirmou que o acervo estará participando de exposições em outros lugares, como a mostra "De Morgans and the Sea" exibida no Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, garantindo que "estamos trabalhando muito para garantir que grande parte da coleção esteja disponível para ser vista em outros lugares, em outros museus, galerias de arte e locais históricos", e que a página oficial será um meio de divulgar tais exposições.

Ligações externas
Sítio oficial

Museus de arte do Reino Unido

De Morgan Centre


Marie Cau (Roubaix, 27 de outubro de 1965) é uma política, empresária e engenheira francesa, conhecida por ser a primeira mulher trans eleita para o cargo de prefeita na França, em 2020, na cidade de Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes.

Biografia

Marie Cau nasceu em 1965 em Roubaix, França.É engenheira e técnica em agricultura e possui uma empresa de consultoria em informática. Começou a transição de gênero para a feminilidade em 2005, aos 40 anos.

Em 2020, tornou-se a primeira mulher trans francesa a ser eleita para o cargo de prefeita no país, na cidade de Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes.

Vida Pessoal

Marie vive em Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes há mais de 20 anos e é mãe de três filhos.

Mulheres transgênero
Políticos LGBT da França
Prefeitos da França
Empresários da França
Engenheiras da França
Naturais de Roubaix
Pessoas transgênero da França
Políticos transgênero

Marie Cau


උස්බෙකිස්ථානය නිළ වශයෙන් උස්බෙකිස්ථාන් සමුහාණ්ඩුව මධ්‍යම ආසියාවේ පිහිටි රටකි. එය මායිම් වන්නේ බටහිරින් හා උතුරින් කසකස්ථානය, නැගෙනහිරින් කියර්ගිස්තානය හා නැගෙනහිරින් ටජිකිස්ථානය දකුණින් අෆ්ගනිස්ථානය හා ටර්ක්මෙනිස්ථානයටය. මුල් 16 වන ශතවර්ෂයේ දී නැගෙනහිර ටර්නින් භාෂාවන් කථා කල උස්බෙක් නොමෑඩ්වරුන් විසින් මෙම රාජ්‍ය අල්ලා ගත්හ. වර්තමානයේ උස්බෙකිස්ථාන ජනගහනය අයත් වන්නේ අස්බෙස් ජන වර්ගයට අනුව ඔවුන් එම භාෂාව කථා කරයි. 19 ශතවර්ෂයේ දී උස්බෙකිස්ථානය රුසියානු රාජ්‍යයට එක් කල අතර 1924 වර්ෂයේ දී සෝවියට් සංගමයේ ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක සමුහාණ්ඩුවක් බවට පත් විය. එය නිදහස් සමුහාණ්ඩුවක් ලෙස 1991 පටන් පවතී. උස්බෙකිස්ථානය ආර්ථිකය මුලික වශයෙන් වෙළඳ භාණ්ඩ වන කපු, රත්තරන්, යුරේනියම්, පොටැසියම් සහ ස්වභාවික වායු මත යැපේ. එය වෙළඳ ආර්ථිකයකට මාරුවීමට ද පරමාර්ථ කොටගෙන තිබේ. රට ස්ථාවර ආර්ථිකයන් රදා පවත්වා ගන්නට උත්සාහ දරන අතර ඒ නිසා විදේශ ආයෝජකයින් ද වළක්වා ගෙන ඇත. මෙම ක්‍ර‍මයෙන් හා ස්ථිරව මාරුවිමට දරණ පනත අනුව 1995 පසු ආර්ථික වශයෙන් යහපත් ප්‍රතිචාර දක්වා නොමැත. උස්බෙකිස්ථානයේ පවතින මානව හිමිකම් පනත හා ඒක පුද්ගල නිදහස් අන්තර්ජාතික සමාගම්වල විවේචනයට භාජනය වී ඇත. එහි 45% කට ආසන්න ජනගහනයක් දිනකට ඇ. ඩො. 1.25 කට වඩා අඩුවෙන් උපයයි.

 උස්බෙකිස්තානයට යමු

මධ්‍යම ආසියානු රටවල්

උස්බෙකිස්තානය


Blasiaceae, porodica jetrenjarki koja čini samostalni red Blasiales u razredu Marchantiopsida. Sastoji se od najmanje dvije vrste unutar dva roda.. Rodu Blasiites pripada fosilna vrsta Blasiites lobatus (J.Walton) R.M.Schust..

Rodovi i vrste
 Genus Blasia
 Blasia pusilla L.
 Genus Cavicularia
 Cavicularia densa Steph.

Izvori

Jetrenjarnice

Blasiaceae


SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. ou Shenzhen DJI Sciences and Technologies Ltd. (chinês: 深圳大疆创新科技有限公司)  ou DJI (大疆创新;) é uma empresa de tecnologia chinesa com sede em Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. A empresa fabrica aeronaves remotamente tripuladas (chamadas de RPAs, veículos aéreos não tripulados ou drones) comerciais para diversas atividades. Também projeta e fabrica sistemas de câmeras, estabilizadores gimbal, sensores, sistemas de propulsão, software empresarial e sistemas de controle de vôo.

A DJI representa cerca de 70% do mercado mundial de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas de consumo em março de 2021. Sua tecnologia de RPAs para filmagem é amplamente utilizada nas indústrias de música, televisão e cinema. Os produtos também têm sido usados por militares e forças policiais, bem como por grupos terroristas, apesar da empresa tomar medidas para limitar o acesso destes.

Instituições governamentais dos EUA proibiram o uso de produtos DJI, mas em 2020 várias agências continuavam a usar. Em dezembro de 2021, o Departamento do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos proibiu o investimento na DJI por indivíduos e entidades norte-americanas, acusando a empresa de cumplicidade no auxílio ao genocídio uigur. Suas aeronaves também são amplamente utilizados na invasão russa da Ucrânia como armas por ambas as partes na guerra.

História

A empresa foi fundada em 2006 por Frank Wang (Wāng Tāo,汪滔). Nascido em Hangzhou, Zhejiang, iniciou os estudos universitários na Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia de Hong Kong (HKUST) em 2003. Ele fez parte da equipe HKUST participando do ABU Robocon e ganhou o terceiro prêmio.

Wang construiu os primeiros protótipos em seu dormitório, vendendo os componentes de controle de voo para universidades e empresas elétricas chinesas. Ele usou os lucros para se mudar para o centro industrial de Shenzhen (considerado o Vale do Silício Chinês) e contratou uma pequena equipe em 2006. A empresa teve alta rotatividade entre os funcionários atribuídos à personalidade e expectativas perfeccionistas de Wang. A empresa vendia poucos componentes e contava com o apoio financeiro de Lu Di, amigo da família de Wang, que forneceu US$ 90.000 e administrou as finanças da empresa. Em 2009, componentes da empresa permitiram que uma equipe pilotasse com sucesso uma aeronave remotamente pilotada ao redor do pico do Monte Everest.

Em 2010, uma amiga de colégio de Wang, Swift Xie Jia, foi contratada para o marketing da empresa. A empresa passou a atender mais os entusiastas de drones em mercados fora da China. Em 2011, Wang conheceu Colin Guinn em uma feira e fundaram a DJI North America, subsidiária com foco em vendas de RPAs no mercado de massa. Em 2013, o primeiro modelo do Phantom foi lançado, uma aeronave básica de melhor usabilidade que outros do mercado na época.

O Phantom teve sucesso comercial, mas gerou conflito entre Guinn e Wang. No meio do ano, Wang ofereceu para comprar a parte de Guinn, que foi recusada. No final do ano, a DJI bloqueou os funcionários da subsidiária estadunidense de suas contas de e-mail no processo de encerramento das operações da subsidiária. Guinn processou a DJI e o caso foi resolvido fora do tribunal.

Em 2015, o Phantom 3 teve um sucesso maior em parte devido à adição de uma câmera de transmissão ao vivo integrada. A DJI era agora a maior empresa de RPAs de consumo do mundo, tirando muitos de seus concorrentes do mercado. 2015 também marcou o início da competição RoboMaster Robotics Competition da DJI (), um torneio anual de robótica realizado no Shenzhen Bay Sports Center.

Em novembro de 2015, a DJI anunciou o estabelecimento de uma parceria estratégica com a Hasselblad adquirindo uma participação majoritária na empresa em janeiro de 2019.

Em 2017, ganhou o Prêmio Emmy de Tecnologia e Engenharia pela tecnologia de câmera aérea usada nas filmagens de vários programas de televisão, incluindo The Amazing Race, American Ninja Warrior, Better Call Saul e Game of Thrones. Wang se tornaria o bilionário de tecnologia mais jovem da Ásia neste ano e o primeiro bilionário de RPAs do mundo. Também em 2017 assinou um acordo de cooperação estratégica para fornecer aeronaves de vigilância para a polícia chinesa em Xinjiang.

Em 5 de junho de 2018, a Axon, fabricante de câmeras policiais e tasers, anunciou uma parceria com a DJI para vender aeronaves de vigilância a departamentos de polícia dos Estados Unidos. Em 2020 os produtos da DJI eram amplamente utilizados por polícias e bombeiros dos EUA.

Em janeiro de 2020, o Departamento do Interior dos Estados Unidos anunciou que retiraria de serviço cerca de 800 aeronaves que eram usadas para fins de monitoramento de infraestrutura e da vida selvagem. Em março de 2020, a DJI detinha 77% da participação no mercado estadunidense de RPAs de consumo, sem nenhuma outra empresa com mais de 4%.

Também em 2020, suas aeronaves foram usadas em muitos países ao redor do mundo para combater o Coronavírus. Na China são usados pela polícia para lembrar as pessoas de usarem máscaras. Em outros países, como Marrocos e Arábia Saudita, para desinfetar áreas urbanas e monitorar a temperatura humana para conter a propagação do vírus.

Estrutura corporativa
Em 2018, a DJI levantou cerca de US$ 1 bilhão em fundos em preparação para um IPO previsto na Bolsa de Valores de Hong Kong e até julho de 2020 os rumores persistiam sem indicação de que viria. A empresa já havia levantado US$ 500 milhões em uma rodada de financiamento de investidores em 2015, incluindo a estatal New China Life Insurance, GIC e New Horizon Capital, esta última cofundada pelo filho do ex-primeiro ministro da China, Wen Jiabao.

Em 2023 a empresa conta com mais de 14.000 funcionários e 17 escritórios internacionalmente.

Produtos

Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (RPAs)

Flame Wheel
A série Flame Wheel são aeronaves multirrotor para hobbistas, com o hexacóptero F550 e os quadricópteros F330 e F450.

Phantom

A série Phantom evoluiu para integrar a programação de voo com a câmera, conectividade Wi-Fi ou Lightbridge e o celular do piloto. São feitos para aplicações de cinematografia aérea e fotografia, bem como para uso recreativo. A versão mais atual é a Phantom 4 Pro 2.0.

Spark (fora de linha)
Lançado em maio de 2017, o Spark é leve (300 g), voa até 8 m de altura, possui uma câmera de 12 megapixels estabilizada mecanicamente por um gimbal de 2 eixos bem como uma câmera 3D infravermelha avançada que ajuda o equipamento a detectar obstáculos à sua frente. Além de um aplicativo para smartphone com controlador virtual, também é possível usar um controle físico (RPS). Atualmente encontra-se fora de linha, sendo substituído pelo Mini.

Mavic

A série Mavic inclui os seguintes modelos: Mavic Pro, Mavic Pro Platinum, Mavic Air, Mavic Air 2, Air 2S, Mavic 2 Pro, Mavic 2 Zoom, Mavic 2 Enterprise, Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced, Mavic 3, Mavic 3 Cine, Mavic Mini, Mini SE e Mini 2 e Mini 3 Pro. Começando no Mini 2, o prefixo Mavic foi retirado da maioria dos novos modelos, como o Air 2S e o Mini SE. O lançamento do Mavic Air 2 gerou polêmica já que um recurso de segurança importante, o AirSense (que gera sinalizações ADS-B), não estaria disponível em modelos fora dos Estados Unidos naquele momento. A culpa seria devido à consequências da pandemia de COVID-19.

As aeronaves DJI Mavic 3 e o Mavic 3 Cine foram lançadas em 4 de novembro de 2021. O Mavic 3 substituiu o Mavic 2 Pro e o Mavic 2 Zoom foi precificado para consumidores de alto poder aquisitivo e profissionais mais do que amadores. O Mavic 3 Enterprise e o Mavic 3 Thermal foram lançados em 27 de setembro de 2022 para substituir as aeronaves Phantom 4 RTK e Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced nas atividades de pesquisa e prospecção, inspeção, segurança e resgate.

Inspire
A série Inspire, iniciada em 2017, é uma série profissional de quadricópteros de câmera com características voltadas para o mercado cinematográfico. Dentre as características se inclui a possibilidade de um controle dedicado à aeronave e outro à gimbal de filmagem, além da troca de lentes da câmera como numa câmera fotográfica.

Visão em Primeira Pessoa (FPV)
Em 2 de março de 2021, a empresa anunciou o lançamento do DJI FPV, um tipo híbrido completamente novo que combina a visão em primeira pessoa (FPV) e o desempenho de alta velocidade das aeronaves de corrida, a câmera cinematográfica e a confiabilidade das aeronaves tradicionais e um inovador controlador de movimento opcional que permite aos pilotos pilotar a aeronave apenas com movimentos de uma mão.

Controladores
Há controladores de mão são usados para controlar as aeronaves usando sistemas FPV, mas também pode-se ter um controlador (RPS) complementar ao que vem com as aeronaves para, por exemplo, executar o papel de piloto e copiloto, ou com características mais completas.

RPAs industriais

Spreading Wings (fora de linha)
A série Spreading Wings é composta de RPAs industriais para fotografia aérea profissional, mapeamento 3D de alta definição, busca e resgate ultraleves e vigilância, baseados na câmera a bordo. A série está fora de linha, substiutuída pela Matrice.

Matrice

A série Matrice foi projetada para aplicações profissionais industriais, incluindo pesquisa e prospecção, inspeção, busca e salvamento e combate a incêndios. Os equipamentos costumam apresentar compartimento de expansão e portas de comunicação, permitindo aos desenvolvedores alterar e adicionar componentes (payloads) para diversas finalidades.

Agras
Agras é a série de aeronaves agrícolas da DJI com peso de decolagem considerando até 50 kg de carga útil (Agras T40), usadas para pulverizar plantações.

Estabilizadores de câmeras

Ronin
O Ronin é uma plataforma de câmera autônoma posicionada no chão desenvolvida para vídeo e fotografia profissionais para a indústria cinematográfica. Usando três motores individuais, o Ronin se estabiliza quando movimentado com intensidade. O modelo DJI Ronin 4D conta também com a câmera.

Osmo
Osmo é uma filmadora desenvolvida pela DJI que usa um smartphone para visualizar as imagens da câmera e pode gravar em 4K e tirar fotos de 12 a 16 MP. Os modelos posteriores incluem o Osmo Pocket e o Osmo Action.

O Osmo mobile é somente um tripé e estabilizador que conta com a câmera do smartphone do usuário. Seu modelo mais recente é o Osmo Mobile 6.

Equipamento FPV
A série DJI FPV consiste de monitores montados na cabeça projetados para voar aeronaves FPV. Existem duas linhas de produtos diferentes na série FPV: os DJI Goggles e o Sistema FPV Digital. Os primeiros foram projetados para uso com aeronaves da DJI com duas telas de cristal líquido, conectividade sem fio e controle direto de captura de fotos e vídeos. Em novembro de 2017, a DJI também lançou o DJI Goggles RE ("Racing Edition"), que apresentava compatibilidade com quadricópteros de corrida. O DJI Digital FPV System e o O3 Air Unit são produtos autônomos projetados para uso com outros fabricantes, incluindo outras aeronaves FPV personalizadas.

Robôs educacionais

RoboMaster S1

Em 11 de junho de 2019, a DJI apresentou o RoboMaster S1, seu primeiro veículo terrestre não-tripulado de consumo, nomeado em homenagem à competição anual de robótica RoboMaster da empresa, da qual agora é um mascote não oficial. O S1 é semelhante a um carro de combate controlado remotamente em visão em primeira pessoa via Wi-Fi e um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis Apple iOS ou Google Android. Projetado para ser um "robô educacional avançado", o usuário precisa montar o S1 a partir de peças soltas e aprender a programar sua funcionalidade de IA. As linguagens de programação Scratch e Python são as usadas pela DJI.

RoboMaster EP
DJI RoboMaster EP, lançado oficialmente em 9 de março de 2020, suporta mais de 20 sensores de terceiros e hardware de código aberto, como Micro Bit, Arduino e Raspberry Pi.

RoboMaster TT
O RoboMaster TT Tello Talent se trata de uma aeronave com recursos para aplicação educacional.

Referências

Robótica
Aviação
Aeronaves
Engenharia

DJI


فورونكيف (Вороньків) هي مدينة في مقاطعة كيييفسكا في أوكرانيا.

مراجع

مدن أوكرانيا

فورونكيف (كيييفسكا)


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ තැපැල් කේත යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකා  තැපැල් සේවය විසින් භාවිතා කරන ලද ඉලක්කම් පහක් වන අතර, එම කේත එක් එක් තැපැල් භාන්ඩ වඩාත් කාර්යක්ෂමව වර්ග කිරීම සහ පලාත් අතර බෙදා හැරීම සඳහා යොදාගනී. ප්‍රථම වරට තැපැල් කේත හඳුන්වා දුන්නේ 1997 දී ය.

තැපැල් කේතය


Suhilan, Çorum ilinin İskilip ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1907 yılı kayıtlarında da Suhilan, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında ise Suğılan olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 69 km, İskilip ilçe merkezine 27 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

İskilip belde ve köyleri

Suhilan


An Hordeum murinum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Hordeum murinum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hordeum, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 H. m. glaucum
 H. m. leporinum

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Hordeum

Hordeum murinum


Kwan Cheatham Jr., né le  à Cincinnati, Ohio, est un joueur américain de basket-ball. Il évolue aux postes d'ailier fort et de pivot.

Biographie

Carrière universitaire
Entre 2014 et 2018, il joue pour les Zips à l'université d'Akron.

Carrière professionnelle

Kangoeroes Basket Willebroek / Malines (2017-2019)
Le , lors de la draft 2017 de la NBA, automatiquement éligible, il n'est pas sélectionné.

Le 19 juin 2017, il signe son premier contrat professionnel en Belgique avec le Kangoeroes Mechelen.

Levski Sofia (2019-2020)
Le 25 septembre 2019, il signe avec le club bulgare du Levski Sofia.

ESSM Le Portel (jan. - juil. 2020)
Le 5 janvier 2020, il est mis à l'essai par le club français de l'ESSM Le Portel. Le 17 janvier 2020, il est conservé par Le Portel jusqu'à la fin de saison 2019-2020.

Ironi Ness Ziona (2020 - jan. 2021)
Le 24 août 2020, il signe avec le club israélien de l'.

Baloncesto Fuenlabrada (depuis jan. 2021)
Le 7 janvier 2021, il rejoint le club espagnol du Baloncesto Fuenlabrada.

Le 4 juillet 2021, il prolonge son contrat avec Fuenlabrada.

Statistiques

Universitaires
Les statistiques en matchs universitaires de Kwan Cheatham sont les suivantes :

|-
| align="left" | 2013-2014
| align="left" | Akron
| 21 || 2 || 8,8 || 28,3 || 32,3 || 81,2 || 1,38 || 0,24 || 0,14|| 0,24 || 2,33
|-
| align="left" | 2014-2015
| align="left" | Akron
| 35 || 30 || 23,5 || 36,8 || 32,7 || 64,4 || 4,97 || 1,54 || 0,40 || 1,11 || 7,94
|-
| align="left" | 2015-2016
| align="left" | Akron
| 35 || 34 || 22,5 || 37,0 || 33,3 || 66,1 || 4,91 || 1,60 || 0,23 || 0,97 || 7,23
|-
| align="left" | 2016-2017
| align="left" | Akron
| 36 || 35 || 28,6 || 41,0 || 38,4 || 79,7 || 7,17 || 1,81 || 0,50 || 0,97 || 11,03
|-bgcolor=#e9d9ff
| align="left" | Total
| align="left" |
| 127 || 101 || 22,2 || 38,0 || 35,1 || 71,4 || 4,98 || 1,42 || 0,34 || 0,89 || 7,69

Références

Liens externes

Joueur américain de basket-ball
Naissance en août 1995
Naissance à Cincinnati
Joueur de basket-ball des Zips d'Akron
Joueur du Kangoeroes Basket Malines
Joueur du BC Levski Sofia
Joueur de l'ESSM Le Portel
Joueur de l'Ironi Nes Ziona BC
Joueur du Baloncesto Fuenlabrada
Joueur du Victoria Libertas Pesaro
Joueur du CB Granada

Kwan Cheatham


Desmond Stanley Turner (born 17 July 1939) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brighton Kemptown from 1997 to 2010.

Early life
He was educated at Luton Grammar School (now known as Luton Sixth Form College) on Bradgers Hill Road in Luton. At Imperial College London, he gained a BSc and MSc. At University College, London, he gained a PhD, researching Biochemistry. At Brighton Polytechnic, he got a PGCE, and subsequently became a teacher. He also became a partner in an independent brewery.

Turner was a Councillor on East Sussex County Council 1985–97, and on Brighton Borough Council 1994-96 and Brighton and Hove City Council 1996–97.

Parliamentary career
He contested Mid-Sussex in 1979. He stood down at the 2010 General Election, with the local Labour Party selecting Simon Burgess as their candidate to succeed him.

Personal life
His second wife is Lynn Rogers, whom he married in September 1997 in Brighton. He has a daughter from his first marriage to Lynette Gwyn-Jones, the former Leader of Brighton and Hove Council.

References

External links
 Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle: Desmond Turner MP
 His Home Energy Conservation Bill in 2001
 TheyWorkForYou.com - Desmond Turner MP
 BBC Politics page

1939 births
Living people
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of East Sussex County Council
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
Alumni of the University of Brighton
Politicians from Brighton and Hove

Des Turner


Bulbine (lat. Bulbine nom. cons.), rod jednogodišnjeg bilja, trajnica i grmova iz porodice čepljezovki. Postoji 82 priznate vrste raširene po Africi i Australiji Žive kao geofiti i hemikriptofiti,

Vrste

 Bulbine abyssinica A.Rich.
 Bulbine alata Baijnath
 Bulbine alooides (L.) Willd.
 Bulbine alveolata S.A.Hammer
 Bulbine angustifolia Poelln.
 Bulbine annua (L.) Willd.
 Bulbine asphodeloides (L.) Spreng.
 Bulbine bachmannii Baker
 Bulbine bruynsii S.A.Hammer
 Bulbine bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw.
 Bulbine capensis Baijnath ex G.Will.
 Bulbine capitata Poelln.
 Bulbine cepacea (Burm.f.) Wijnands
 Bulbine coetzeei Oberm.
 Bulbine crassa D.I.Morris & Duretto
 Bulbine cremnophila van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine dactylopsoides G.Will.
 Bulbine dewetii van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine diphylla Schltr. ex Poelln.
 Bulbine disimilis G.Will.
 Bulbine erectipilosa G.Will.
 Bulbine erumpens S.A.Hammer
 Bulbine esterhuyseniae Baijnath
 Bulbine fallax Poelln.
 Bulbine favosa (Thunb.) Schult. & Schult.f.
 Bulbine fistulosa Chiov.
 Bulbine flexicaulis Baker
 Bulbine flexuosa Schltr.
 Bulbine foleyi E.Phillips
 Bulbine fragilis G.Will.
 Bulbine francescae G.Will. & Baijnath
 Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd.
 Bulbine glauca (Raf.) E.M.Watson
 Bulbine haworthioides B.Nord.
 Bulbine inamarxiae G.Will. & A.P.Dold
 Bulbine inflata Oberm.
 Bulbine lagopus (Thunb.) N.E.Br.
 Bulbine lamprophylla Will.
 Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Spreng.
 Bulbine lavrani G.Will. & Baijnath
 Bulbine lolita S.A.Hammer
 Bulbine longifolia Schinz
 Bulbine louwii L.I.Hall
 Bulbine macrocarpa (Baijnath) Boatwr. & J.C.Manning
 Bulbine margarethae L.I.Hall
 Bulbine meiringii van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine melanovaginata G.Will.
 Bulbine mesembryanthemoides Haw.
 Bulbine migiurtina Chiov.
 Bulbine minima Baker
 Bulbine monophylla Poelln.
 Bulbine muscicola G.Will.
 Bulbine namaensis Schinz
 Bulbine narcissifolia Salm-Dyck
 Bulbine navicularifolia G.Will.
 Bulbine ophiophylla G.Will.
 Bulbine pendens G.Will. & Baijnath
 Bulbine pendula Keighery
 Bulbine praemorsa (Jacq.) Spreng.
 Bulbine quartzicola G.Will.
 Bulbine ramosa van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine retinens van Jaarsv. & S.A.Hammer
 Bulbine rhopalophylla Dinter
 Bulbine rupicola G.Will.
 Bulbine sedifolia Schltr. ex Poelln.
 Bulbine semenaliundata G.Will.
 Bulbine semibarbata (R.Br.) Haw.
 Bulbine spongiosa van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine stolonifera Baijnath ex G.Will.
 Bulbine striata Baijnath & Van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine succulenta Compton
 Bulbine suurbergensis van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk
 Bulbine tecta G.Will.
 Bulbine thomasiae van Jaarsv.
 Bulbine torsiva G.Will.
 Bulbine torta N.E.Br.
 Bulbine triebneri Dinter
 Bulbine truncata G.Will.
 Bulbine vagans E.M.Watson
 Bulbine vitrea G.Will. & Baijnath
 Bulbine vittatifolia G.Will.
 Bulbine wiesei L.I.Hall

Sinonimi
 Blephanthera Raf.
 Bulbinopsis Borzí
 Jodrellia Baijnath
 Nemopogon Raf.
 Phalangium Möhring ex Kuntze

Izvori

Asphodeloideae

Bulbine


A Pepsi Cup foi um troféu amigável organizado pela Pepsi e o SL Benfica, disputado em 1992 entre o SL Benfica e o Real Madrid e em 1993 entre o SL Benfica e o FC Barcelona no Estádio da Luz.

Vencedores

Performance por clubes

Performance por país

Ver também

 Eusébio Cup
 Taça Ibérica

Referências

Pepsi Cup


Ágnes Esterházy () a fost o actriță maghiară de film, care a lucrat în principal în Austria. Ea a apărut în 30 de filme între 1923 și 1943.

Filmografie
  Young Medardus (1923)
 Nanon (1924)
 The Flight in the Night (1926)
 The Student of Prague (1926)
 The Wooing of Eve (1926)
 Wrath of the Seas (1926)
 Two and a Lady (1926)
 The Beggar Student (1927)
 Chance the Idol (1927)
 The Transformation of Dr. Bessel (1927)
 His Majesty's Lieutenant (1929)
 Father Radetzky (1929)
 Love and Champagne (1930)

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1898
Decese în 1956
Clujeni
Maghiari din România

Ágnes Esterházy


Col d'Izoard  (eller: Col de l'Izoard) er et bjergpas i de franske alper i departementet Hautes-Alpes. Pashøjden er 2.360 m.o.h. Det er muligt at passere det fra midt juni til midt oktober via vejen D902, der forbinder Briançon i nord med Guil-floden i Queyras-dalen og ender i Guillestre mod syd. Sydsiden af den øverste del før passet er meget karrakteristisk, og benævnes på fransk som Casse Déserte (noget i retning af forstenet og forladt).

Vejen over passet blev bygget i perioden 1893-1897 under ledelse af General Baron Berge, for hvem, der på toppen i 1934, blev opført et mindesmærke. Passet indgår med mellemrum som en del af Tour de France ruten. Passet har fra nordsiden en gennemsnitlig stigning på 5,8% og fra syd på 4,3% Der findes et mindre museum på toppen der formidler div. cykelbegivenheder.

Geologi
De atypiske søjlestrukturer, der især er synlige i området omkring 'Casse Déserte', har sin oprindelse i forbindelse med dannelsen af Alperne. To forskellige typer af kalklag, det første dannet ved sedimentering på bunden af Tethyshavet i Trias-tiden (250 mio. år siden) og det andet i Kridt-tiden (140 mio. år siden), blev i forbindelse med dannelsen af Alperne (40 mio. år siden) vendt om på hovedet. Sulfat-rigt vand er sidenhen trængt ind i Trias laget og har medvirket til en cementering (gips-struktur). Efterfølgende har den almindelige erosion bevirket, at kridttids lagene, der eroderes hurtigere, har efterladt de nu bemærkelsesværdige søjlestrukturer.

Galleri

Tour de France på Izoard-passet

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Bjergpas i Frankrig
Bjergpas i Alperne
Izoard

Col d'Izoard


21, Bagram, or Twenty Plus One is a drinking game. The game progresses by counting up from 1 to 21, with the player who calls "21" suffering a drinking penalty before the next round starts.  The loser may add 1 new rule to the game, and starts the new round.

This was created in the Swan and 3 Cygnets pub in Durham City by Alan Smith, Ian Crosby, Stephen Rickaby, Andrew Barras, Paul Nicholson, Kieran Walker, Gavin Southwell, Mark Thompson, Brian Griffen, and Paul Jones.

Rules
Players are arranged in a circle, facing inwards. The game begins with one player calling the direction of play by saying, "I propose a game of XXXX! To my left..." or "To my right..." followed by a sequential series of numbers beginning with one. Variations exist for the proposal of the game depending on personal rules; this is due to some variants calling for any person who says the number "21" to drink.  For example:
 "I propose a game of 21!"
 "I propose a game of 20...22!"
 "I propose a game of twenty plus one!"
 "I propose a game of the unspeakable number!"

As the game progresses, each player in turn must recite one to four numbers, counting in sequence from where the previous player left off:
 Saying one number (e.g. "one") passes the game to the next player in the circle in the initial direction.
 Saying two numbers (e.g. "one, two") passes to the next player, but reverses direction.
 Saying three numbers (e.g. "one, two, three") passes in the initial direction, but skips a player.
 Saying four numbers (e.g. "one, two, three, four") reverses direction and skips a player.

If a player makes a mistake, then they suffer a small to moderate drinking penalty (e.g. 2 fingers of drink) and then restart the game from 1. Mistakes include:
 Hesitating to continue the game.
 Calling the wrong number.
 Calling a number out of turn.
 Breaching any original or instated rule.

Assuming there are no mistakes, the game will continue in sequence up to 21. The player who calls 21 suffers a heavy drinking penalty (e.g. finishing their drink), creates a new rule, then restarts the game from 1.

Additional rules

Variations on the standard rules include:
 Prohibiting three players calling single numbers in a row.
 "Doubling a double" - prohibits saying two numbers after two numbers.
 "Tripling a triple" - prohibits either saying three numbers after three numbers, or after 2 sets of three numbers.
 "Reversing into a hole" - prohibits saying two numbers after three numbers.
 Prohibiting calling out a series of numbers that sum to 21 (e.g. "6, 7, 8" or "10, 11")

Examples of new rules that could be instated by a player forced to call 21:
 Swapping two numbers around (e.g. 3 and 13 are switched)
 Replacing a number with a humorous phrase (e.g. replacing 5 with "skin" - causing the sequence 1, 2, 3, "foreskin")
 Instating an underlying set of rules (e.g. left hand drinking)
 Thumb master - the last player to place their thumb on the table following the thumb master must drink.
 Head master - as with thumb master, but replacing the thumb with the head
 Pose master - the last player to strike a pose following the pose master must drink.

It is also commonplace to declare (either at the start of the game or as an additional rule) that the game be played according to the so-called "International Drinking Rules".  These are a body of generally accepted but not entirely uniform rules that players understand to apply to all drinking activity and include rules for example, that drinkers must keep their little finger up whilst drinking, only drink with their left hand and, in some circles, that using the word 'drink' be prohibited and replaced with words such as 'consume' or 'imbibe'.

Example

Andy, Bill, Cath, Dan, Ed and Fran are sitting with Andy at 12 o'clock, and the other players arranged clockwise in alphabetical order:

 Andy: I propose a game of 21!  To my left: 1, 2.  {play called to the left, but reversed immediately → Fran}
 Fran: 3. {→ Ed}
 Ed: 4, 5, 6 {skips Dan → Cath}
 Cath: 7, 8 {Cath violates the additional rule "reversing into a hole"! She is penalised 2 fingers of drink.
 Cath drinks
 Cath: I propose a game of 21!  To my right: 1. {→ Bill}
 Bill: 2. {→ Andy}

The game ultimately finishes when all the numbers have been replaced, by rule changes instigated by the person who drinks on 21.

Variations
 Using Roman numerals.  Replacing the Roman numerals with other humorous or explicit phrases can make the game more interesting (e.g. replace I with "No", V with "Daddy" and X with "Don't touch me!")
 Using the binary number system.
 Replacing numbers with themed sets of phrases.

Rules for these variants are widely varied.

See also

List of drinking games

References

External links

Drinking games

21 (drinking game)


Den ældste saga om Olav den hellige eller Den første saga om Olav den hellige er en af de allerældste og første kongesagaer som vi kender.

Sagaen fortæller om Olav Haraldsson, helgenkåret til Olav den Hellige. Den blev af tidlige forskere dateret til ca. 1160, men senere forskere har flyttet datoen ti år frem. Som andre kongesagaer bliver skjaldekvad brugt til både at verificere hændelserne og dekorere teksten.

Arbejdet er kun bevaret i seks korte fragmenter. Et syvende fragment med hagiografisk indhold antog man tidligere, også var en del af Den ældste saga, men nyere forskning indikerer, at det stammer fra et andet værk. Den legendariske saga om Olav den hellige har lånt en stor del af indholdet fra Den ældste saga, og man har benyttet Den legendariske saga som en hentydning til omfanget af Den ældste saga. Snorre Sturlason, som var kendt for at bruge og vurdere alle tilgængelige tekster, benyttede også Den ældste saga eller noget tekst afledet fra denne, da han skrev sin enkeltstående saga om Olav den Hellige og tilsvarende, da han omformede denne til sin Olav den helliges saga i Heimskringla. Man antager også at Styrmir Kárason har benyttet Den ældste saga til at skrive Olavs saga (Óláfs saga).

Se også
 Den legendariske saga om Olav den Hellige
 Olav den Helliges saga

Referencer

Litteratur
 Andersson, Theodore Murdock (2006). The Growth of the Medieval Icelandic Sagas, 1180-1280. Cornell University Press.
 Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (red.) (1941). Íslenzk fornrit XXVI : Heimskringla I. Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
 Chase, Martin (2005). Einarr Skúlason's Geisli : A Critical Edition. University of Toronto Press.
 Finlay, Alison (redactor og oversetter) (2004). Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway. Brill Academic Publishers.
 Hoops, Johannes (1999). Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde: Band 14. Walter de Gruyter.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Tekst fra fragemterne
 Brot úr Elztu sögu  Indholdsfortegnelse af kvadene i sagaen

Nordiske sagaer

Den ældste saga om Olav den Hellige