Giangiacomo Guelfi, auch Gian Giacomo Guelfi, (* 21. Dezember 1924 in Rom; † 8. Februar 2012 in Bozen) war ein italienischer Opernsänger (Bariton).

Leben
Guelfi studierte zunächst Rechtswissenschaften an der Universität Florenz, entschloss sich jedoch dann, seine Stimme professionell ausbilden zu lassen. Seine Gesangslehrer in Florenz waren unter anderem die berühmten Sänger Titta Ruffo und Mario Basiola. 1950 gewann er den Concorso del Teatro Sperimentale di Spoleto. Sein Debüt als Opernsänger gab er 1950 anschließend, kurz nach Gewinn des Wettbewerbes, in der Titelrolle der Oper Rigoletto am Teatro Nuovo in Spoleto; der Dirigent war Ottavio Ziino.

1950 debütierte er am Teatro Comunale di Firenze und am Teatro La Fenice in Venedig. 1952 sang er erstmals an der Mailänder Scala; dort trat er im weiteren Verlauf seiner Karriere immer wieder auf. Sein Debüt an der Scala erfolgte am 17. März 1952 als Lo Straniero (Titelrolle) in der Oper Proserpina e lo Straniero von Juan José Castro. An der Scala wirkte er in mehreren Uraufführungen von heute weitgehend vergessenen Opern mit, so unter anderem im März 1954 als Herodes (Erode) in der Oper La Figlia di Diavolo von Virgilio Mortari. 1977 trat er an der Mailänder Scala in der Rolle des Neri Chiaramantesi in der selten gespielten Oper La cena delle beffe von Umberto Giordano auf. 1978 nahm er in Livorno Abschied von der Bühne.

In Italien gastierte er am Teatro Bellini in Catania (1952), beim Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (1954 als Kaiser in Agnese di Hohenstaufen von Gasparo Spontini, 1956 als Don Carlo di Vargas in La forza del destino), am Teatro Comunale di Bologna (1958; als Telramund in Lohengrin und Escamillo in Carmen), am Teatro Massimo in Palermo (1959, als Escamillo) und an der Oper Rom (1959, 1974). Seit 1952 trat er regelmäßig bei den Opernfestspielen in den Caracalla-Thermen auf. Mehrfach wirkte Guelfi auch bei den Festspielen in der Arena di Verona mit (1955–1956, 1958, 1960, 1962–1969 und 1975), vor allem als Amonasro in Aida.

Guelfi gastierte im europäischen Ausland unter anderem am Drury Lane Theatre in London (1957–1958 als Gérard in Andrea Chénier; 1971 als Nelusco in Die Afrikanerin), am Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona (1963), am Opernhaus von Monte Carlo (1965 als Jack Rance in La fanciulla del West; 1973 als Michele in Il tabarro und Alfio in Cavalleria rusticana), am Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lissabon (1965, Titelrolle in Guglielmo Tell), an der Bayerischen Staatsoper in München (1970), an der Deutschen Oper Berlin (1972) und an der Covent Garden Opera (1975, als Scarpia in Tosca).

1965 erfolgte Guelfis Debüt an der Wiener Staatsoper als Gérard. Er sang dort auch die Rollen Amonasro (1974), Scarpia (1974) und Jack Rance (1976).

Internationale Gastspiele in Übersee gab er an der Lyric Opera of Chicago (1954), am Opernhaus von Rio de Janeiro (1956; 1964 in der Titelrolle der Oper Macbeth und als Scarpia in Tosca), am Opernhaus in Kairo (1961) und an der Metropolitan Opera in New York City (Spielzeit 1969/1970 als Scarpia und als Jack Rance).

Giangiacomo Guelfi war seit 1953 mit der Geigerin und Sopranistin Laura Carol (* 1923, eigentlich Cagol) verheiratet. Guelfi lebte mit seiner Frau in Bozen. Er starb im Alter von 87 Jahren im Krankenhaus von Bozen; dort war er zuvor eine Woche behandelt worden.

Repertoire
Guelfi sang auf der Opernbühne ein umfangreiches Repertoire. Hauptsächlich interpretierte er das italienische Opernfach. Er übernahm schwerpunktmäßig die Rollen für Heldenbariton und  Charakterbariton in den Opern von Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini und des Verismo. Außerdem übernahm er einige Glanzpartien für Bariton aus dem französischen Opernfach (Escamillo).

Wichtige weitere Opernrollen waren Don Carlos in Ernani, Musikus Miller in Luisa Miller, Conte di Luna in Il trovatore, die Titelrollen in Nabucco (1966, Mailänder Scala) und in Simone Boccanegra, Jago in Otello, Marcello in La Bohème, Sharpless in Madama Butterfly und die Bösewichter Lindorf/Coppelius/Dapertutto/Dr. Mirakel in Hoffmanns Erzählungen. Von Richard Wagner sang Guelfi lediglich den Friedrich von Telramund in Lohengrin; diesen allerdings nur in italienischer Sprache. Sein Telramund ist in einer Live-Aufnahme von 1954 aus dem Teatro San Carlo in Neapel zu hören. Guelfis Partnerinnen waren Renata Tebaldi und Elena Nicolai; es dirigierte Gabriele Santini.

Tondokumente
Die Stimme von Giangiacomo Guelfi ist in zahlreichen Tondokumenten festgehalten. Es liegen zahlreiche Opern-Gesamtaufnahmen, unter anderem in Studioaufnahmen, bei der italienischen Schallplattenfirma Fonit Cetra vor, so als Scarpia (1955), Amonasro (1956) und als Phanuel in Nerone von Arrigo Boito (1957, live). Bei der Deutschen Grammophon nahm Guelfi 1965 unter der Leitung von Herbert von Karajan die Rolle des Alfio in Cavalleria rusticana auf; seine Partner waren Fiorenza Cossotto und Carlo Bergonzi.

Außerdem wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Live-Mitschnitte auf CD veröffentlicht. Guelfis Hauptrollen sind somit nahezu umfassend, teilweise auch in mehreren Aufnahmen, auf Schallplatte oder anderen Tonträgern dokumentiert.

Literatur
 Karl-Josef Kutsch, Leo Riemens: Großes Sängerlexikon. Vierte, erweiterte und aktualisierte Auflage. München 2003. Band 3: Franc–Kaidanoff, S. 1877. ISBN 3-598-11419-2

Weblinks

 Giangiacomo GUELFI Kurzbiografie, Rollenverzeichnis und Tondokumente

Einzelnachweise

Opernsänger
Bariton
Italiener
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Giangiacomo Guelfi


Pogoń Szczecin er en polsk fodboldklub. Grundlagt i 1948, har klubben sin base i Szczecin (hovedstaden i voivodskabet Vestpommern) og spiller på Stadion Miejski.

Titler
 Ekstraklasa:
 Mestre (0)
 Sølv (2): 1986/87, 2000/01.
 Bronze: (3) 1983/84, 2020/21, 2021/22.

 Polsk Pokalturnering
 Vinder (0)
 Øvrige finalekampe (3): 1980/81, 1981/82, 2009/10.

Førsteholdstruppen 2022

 Førsteholdstruppen på 90minut.pl

Kendte spillere

  Adam Banaś
  Dickson Choto
  Vladimir Dvalishvili
  Kamil Grosicki
  Mirosław Justek
  Mikołaj Lebedyński
  Bartosz Ława
  Radosław Majdan
  Alexandre da Silva Mariano - Amaral
  Claudio Milar
  Marek Ostrowski
  Krzysztof Pilarz
  Jerzy Podbrożny
   Hernâni José da Rosa - Hernâni
  Sérgio Leândro Seixtos Santos - Batata
  Cristiano Pereira de Souza - Brasília

Danske spillere
  Morten "Duncan" Rasmussen (2018)

Eksterne henvisninger

 Klubbens officielle hjemmeside
 Pogoń Szczecin Fanklub
 Pogoń Szczecin på 90minut.pl

Noter

Fodboldklubber fra Polen
Etableret i 1948
Szczecin

Pogoń Szczecin


Guy St-Julien (born February 19, 1940) is a Canadian politician. He is a former director of human resources and a senior clerk. St-Julien was born in Val-d'Or, Quebec.

St-Julien was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik from 2000 to 2004, and Abitibi as a Liberal from 1997 to 2000 and as a Progressive Conservative from 1984 to 1993.

He lost his seat (now called Nunavik—Eeyou) in the 2004 election to Bloc Québécois candidate Yvon Lévesque.

External links

1940 births
French Quebecers
Living people
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
People from Val-d'Or
21st-century Canadian politicians

Guy St-Julien


Open de Suède Vårgårda 2015 var det niende løb i UCI World Cup for kvinder 2015. Det blev afholdt den 23. august 2015, i Vårgårda, Sverige. Jolien D'Hoore () vandt løbet, foran Giorgia Bronzini () og Lisa Brennauer ().

Resultater

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

2015 - linjeløb
Cykelløb i 2015

Open de Suède Vårgårda 2015 - linjeløb


Matej Mitrović (; n. 10 noiembrie 1993) este un fotbalist croat care joacă pe postul de fundaș pentru clubul belgian Club Brugge și pentru echipa națională de fotbal a Croației.

Cariera pe echipe
Mitrović și-a făcut debutul în fotbalul profesionist pentru HNK Cibalia pe 25 februarie 2012, la vârsta de 18 ani, intrând din postura de rezervă într-o victorie în deplasare împotriva lui NK Slaven Belupo. În septembrie 2013, a semnat un contract pe doi ani cu HNK Rijeka din Prima Ligă Croată. În primul său sezon cu Rijeka, Mitrović a făcut parte din echipa care a câștigat Cupa Croației, înscriind în finală împotriva lui Dinamo Zagreb. În iunie 2016, el a semnat un nou contract pe trei ani, care expira în iunie 2019. La 6 ianuarie 2017 a fost transferat de Beșiktaș pentru suma de 4,2 milioane de euro, semnând un contract pe trei ani.

La 29 ianuarie 2018, Mitrović a fost împrumutat la clubul belgian Club Brugge pentru șase luni. La 20 iulie, el a fost transferat definitiv de belgieni cu care a semnat un contract pe patru ani.

Cariera la națională
În noiembrie 2014, Mitrović a fost convocat pentru prima dată la națională atunci când Niko Kovač l-a convocat pentru a-l înlocui e accidentatul Gordon Schildenfeld. El și-a făcut debutul pentru Croația într-un amical împotriva Argentinei la 12 noiembrie 2014. În octombrie 2016, Mitrović a fost convocat de Ante Čačić ca înlocuitor al lui Dejan Lovren pentru meciurile de calificare pentru Campionatul Mondial din 2018 împotriva lui Kosovo și a Finlandei. La 6 octombrie 2016, a marcat primul său gol internațional în meciul cu Kosovo, jucat la Shkodër, Albania.

În luna mai 2018 a fost numit în lotul provizoriu de 32 de jucători ai echipei Croației pentru Campionatul Mondial din 2018 din Rusia. Nu a fost păstrat în lotul final.

Statistici

Statistici la națională

 Până pe 15 octombrie 2018

Goluri la națională

 Coloana scor indică scorul după golul marcat de Matej Mitrović.

Titluri

 Rijeka

 Cupa Croației: 2014
 Supercupa Croației: 2014

 Beșiktaș

 Süper Lig: 2016-2017

 Club Brugge

 Prima Ligă Belgiană: 2017-2018
 Supercupa Belgiei: 2018

 Individual

 Echipa Anului 2015 în Prima Ligă Croată

Referințe

Legături externe

Fundași
Fotbaliști internaționali croați
Fotbaliști croați
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1993

Matej Mitrović


An Pterostylis lustra in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Lloyd Jones. An Pterostylis lustra in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pterostylis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Victoria. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pterostylis

Pterostylis lustra


Sassocorvaro (im lokalen Dialekt: Scorbèra) ist eine Fraktion der italienischen Gemeinde (comune) Sassocorvaro Auditore mit in der Provinz Pesaro und Urbino in den Marken. Sassocorvaro liegt etwa 36 Kilometer westsüdwestlich von Pesaro und etwa 12,5 Kilometer nordwestlich von Urbino am Foglia und ist Teil der Comunità montana del Montefeltro. Im Ortsteil Mercatale ist der Foglia zu einem künstlichen See aufgestaut.

Geschichte
Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Ort in einem Dokument über das Kastell am Monte Rotondo 1061.

Die zuvor selbständige Gemeinde Sassocorvaro wurde am 1. Januar 2019 mit der Gemeinde Auditore zur neuen Gemeinde Sassocorvaro Auditore zusammengeschlossen. Die Gemeinde Sassocorvaro hatte zuletzt 3465 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2017) auf einer Fläche von 66,52 km².

Persönlichkeiten
 Luigi Battiferri (vor 1610 bis um 1682), Komponist

Weblinks

Ort in den Marken
Sassocorvaro Auditore
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Marken)
Gemeindeauflösung 2019

Sassocorvaro


Iuliu Farkaș () a fost un fotbalist maghiar din România, jucător în echipa națională de fotbal a României, pentru care a marcat șase goluri.

În data de 30 septembrie 1945 a debutat în echipa națională a României, într-un meci cu echipa națională de fotbal a Ungariei, când l-a înlocuit la pauză pe Francisc Spielmann. Am 23. Oktober 1949 gegen Albanien wurde er zum letzten Mal eingesetzt.

Legături externe
 Iuliu FARKAȘ I, pe romaniansoccer.ro
 UN RECORD GREU DE EGALAT / FARKAS I, PATRU ANI CONSECUTIV GOLGETER LA JIUL!

Nașteri în 1923
Decese în 1984
Fotbaliști internaționali români
Petroșeneni
Fotbaliști internaționali maghiari
Maghiari din Transilvania
Nașteri pe 8 septembrie
Decese pe 9 mai

Iuliu Farkaș


Liga NSO Đurđevac (Liga Nogometnog saveza Općine Đurđevac; Općinska nogometna liga Đurđevac) za sezonu 1990./91. je bila liga sedmog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije.
Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova koji su prvo igrali u dvije skupine po šest klubova – "Sjever" (prvak "Mladost" iz Molvi) i "Jug" (prvak "Sloga" iz Kladara. Nakon razigravanja prvak je postala "Mladost" iz Molvi.

Jug

 Ljestvica

 Sesvete Podravske – tadašnji uobičajeni naziv za Podravske Sesvete

 Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Sjever

 Ljestvica

 Drenovica – danas dio naselja Novo Virje

 Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Razigravanje za plasman
Razigravanja igrana na dvije utakmice

 Rezultati

 Konačni poredak

Unutarnje poveznice
 Međuopćinska liga Virovitica – Križevci – Đurđevac – Koprivnica 1990./91.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 library.foi.hr, "Podravec"
 library.foi.hr, "Podravec", br. 18, god. I, objavljeno 23. svibnja 1991., str. 10 (Šport), (10. kolo i ljestvice), preuzeto 14. listopada 2019.
 library.foi.hr, "Podravec", br. 19, god. I, objavljeno 30. svibnja 1991., str. 10 (Šport), (razigravanje – prve utakmice), preuzeto 14. listopada 2019.
 library.foi.hr, "Podravec", br. 20, god. I, objavljeno 6. lipnja 1991., str. 10 (Šport), (razigravanje – uzvratne utakmice i konačni poredak), preuzeto 14. listopada 2019.

1990-91 Đurđevac
Đurđevac

Liga NSO Đurđevac 1990./91.


"Drikker for lidt" er Gulddrengs fjerde sang. Den er produceret af Pilfinger, der er den ene halvdel af Djämes Braun. Nummeret gik ligesom ligesom hans tre forrige sange nummer et på Tracklisten. Sangen udkom 21. oktober 2016 og var Gulddrengs sidste sang inden hans Publikumspris ved DMA.

Hitlister

Hitlister

Referencer

Singler fra 2016
Sange fra 2016
Nummer-et hits i Danmark

Drikker for lidt


Knjige u 1959. godini.

Stranica obuhvaća samo važne odnosno značajne umjetničke, znanstvene, kronike, zakonske i sl. knjige.
Obuhvaća i ako je objavljen prijevod i/ili pretisak nakon više desetljeća, stoljeća i tisućljeća.
Može se posebno navesti kad je napisana i kad je objavljena, jer nije rijetko veliko vremensko odstupanje dok je važna knjiga bila samo u rukopisu do vremena tiskane objave.

Hrvatska i u Hrvata
 Knjiga o Indijancima, Eva Lips. Preveli: Irena Vrkljan, Zvonimir Golob. Izdavač: Naprijed, Zagreb. Broj stranica: 340. ISBN �

Svijet

Izvori

Godine 20. stoljeća
1959.

Knjige u 1959.


William Francis Murphy (April 13, 1890July 19, 1949) was an American politician, lawyer, and jurist from Michigan. He was a Democrat who was named to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1940 after a political career that included serving as United States Attorney General, 35th Governor of Michigan, and Mayor of Detroit. He also served as the last Governor-General of the Philippines and the first High Commissioner to the Philippines.

Born in "The Thumb" region of Michigan, Murphy graduated from the University of Michigan Law School in 1914. After serving in the United States Army during World War I, he served as a federal attorney and trial judge. He served as Mayor of Detroit from 1930 to 1933.  A panel of 69 scholars in 1993 ranked him among the ten best mayors in American history. In 1933 he was appointed as Governor-General of the Philippine Islands. He returned home in 1936 and defeated incumbent Republican Governor Frank Fitzgerald in  and served a single term as Governor of Michigan. Murphy lost re-election to Fitzgerald in 1938 and accepted an appointment as the United States Attorney General the following year.

In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Murphy to the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Pierce Butler. Murphy served on the Court from 1940 until his death in 1949, and was succeeded by Tom C. Clark. Murphy wrote the Court's majority opinion in SEC v. W. J. Howey Co., and wrote a dissenting opinion in Korematsu v. United States.

Early life
Murphy was born in Harbor Beach (then called Sand Beach), Michigan, in 1890. Both his parents, John T. Murphy and Mary Brennan, were Irish immigrants and raised him as a devout Catholic. He followed in his father's footsteps by becoming a lawyer. He attended the University of Michigan Law School, and graduated with a BA in 1912 and an LLB in 1914. He was a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity and the senior society Michigamua.

Murphy was admitted to the State Bar of Michigan in 1914, after which he clerked with a Detroit law firm for three years. He then served with the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I, achieving the rank of captain with the occupation army in Germany before leaving the service in 1919. He remained abroad afterward to pursue graduate studies. He did his graduate work at Lincoln's Inn in London and Trinity College, Dublin, which was said to be formative for his judicial philosophy. He developed a need to decide cases based on his more holistic notions of justice, eschewing technical legal arguments. As one commentator quipped of his later Supreme Court service, he "tempered justice with Murphy."

Career

1919–1922: U.S. Attorney, Eastern District of Michigan
Murphy was appointed and took the oath of office as the first Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan on August 9, 1919. He was one of three assistant attorneys in the office.

When Murphy began his career as a federal attorney, the workload of the attorney's office was increasing at a rapid rate, mainly because of the number of prosecutions resulting from the enforcement of national prohibition. The government's excellent record in winning convictions in the Eastern District was partially due to Murphy's record of winning all but one of the cases he prosecuted. He practiced law privately to a limited extent while still a federal attorney, and resigned his position as a United States attorney on March 1, 1922. He had several offers to join private practices, but decided to go it alone and formed a partnership with Edward G. Kemp in Detroit.

1923–1930: Recorder's Court
Murphy ran unsuccessfully as a Democrat for the United States Congress in 1920, when national and state Republicans swept Michigan, but used his legal reputation and growing political connections to win a seat on the Recorder's Court, Detroit's criminal court. In 1923, he was elected judge of the Recorder's Court on a non-partisan ticket by one of the largest majorities ever cast for a judge in Detroit, took office on January 1, 1924, and served seven years during the Prohibition era.

While on Recorder's Court, he established a reputation as a trial judge. He was a presiding judge in the famous murder trials of Dr. Ossian Sweet and his brother, Henry Sweet, in 1925 and 1926. Clarence Darrow, then one of the most prominent trial lawyers in the country, was lead counsel for the defense. After an initial mistrial of all of the black defendants, Henry Sweet—who admitted that he fired the weapon which killed a member of the mob surrounding Dr. Sweet's home and was retried separately—was acquitted by an all-white jury on grounds of the right of self-defense. The prosecution then elected to not prosecute any of the remaining defendants. Murphy's rulings were material to the outcome of the case.

1930–1933: Mayor of Detroit
In 1930, Murphy ran as a Democrat and was elected Mayor of Detroit. He served from 1930 to 1933, during the first years of the Great Depression. He presided over an epidemic of urban unemployment, a crisis in which 100,000 were unemployed in the summer of 1931. He named an unemployment committee of private citizens from businesses, churches, and labor and social service organizations to identify all residents who were unemployed and not receiving welfare benefits. The Mayor's Unemployment Committee raised funds for its relief effort and worked to distribute food and clothing to the needy, and a Legal Aid Subcommittee volunteered to assist with the legal problems of needy clients. In 1933, Murphy convened in Detroit and organized the first convention of the United States Conference of Mayors. They met and conferred with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Murphy was elected its first president. He served in that position from 1932 until 1933.

Murphy was an early and enthusiastic supporter of Roosevelt and the New Deal, helping Roosevelt to become the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the state of Michigan since Franklin Pierce in 1852 before the Republican Party was founded.

A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists, and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the University of Illinois at Chicago saw Murphy ranked as the seventh-best American big-city mayor to serve between the years 1820 and 1993. Holli wrote that Murphy was an exemplary mayor and a highly effective leader.

1933–1935: Governor-General of the Philippine Islands
By 1933, after Murphy's second mayoral term, the reward of a big government job was waiting. Roosevelt appointed Murphy as Governor-General of the Philippine Islands.

He was sympathetic to the plight of ordinary Filipinos, especially the land-hungry and oppressed tenant farmers, and emphasized the need for social justice.

1935–1936: High Commissioner to the Philippines
When his position as Governor-General was abolished in 1935, he stayed on as United States High Commissioner until 1936. That year, he was a delegate from the Philippine Islands to the Democratic National Convention.

High Commissioner to the Philippines was the title of the personal representative of the President of the United States to the Commonwealth of the Philippines during the period 1935–1946. The office was created by the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934, which provided for a period of transition from direct American rule to the complete independence of the islands on July 4, 1946.

1937–1939: Governor of Michigan

Murphy was elected the 35th Governor of Michigan on November 3, 1936, defeating Republican incumbent Frank Fitzgerald, and served one two-year term. During his two years in office, an unemployment compensation system was instituted and mental health programs were improved.

The United Automobile Workers engaged in an historic sit-down strike at General Motors' Flint plant. The Flint Sit-Down Strike was a turning point in national collective bargaining and labor policy. After 27 people were injured in a battle between the workers and the police, including 13 strikers with gunshot wounds, Murphy sent the National Guard to protect the workers, failed to follow a court order that requested him to expel the strikers, and refused to order the Guard's troops to suppress the strike.

He successfully mediated an agreement and end to the confrontation, and G.M. recognized the U.A.W. as a bargaining agent under the newly adopted National Labor Relations Act. This recognition had a significant effect on the growth of organized labor unions. In the next year, the UAW saw its membership grow from 30,000 to 500,000 members. As later noted by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), this strike was "the strike heard round the world."

In 1938, Murphy was defeated by his predecessor, Fitzgerald, who became the only governor of Michigan to precede, and then succeed, the same person.

1939–1940: Attorney General of the United States
In 1939, Roosevelt appointed Murphy the 56th Attorney General of the United States. He established a Civil Liberties Unit in the Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice, designed to centralize enforcement responsibility for the Bill of Rights and civil rights statutes.

1940–1949: Supreme Court and military service
One year after becoming Attorney General, on January 4, 1940, Murphy was nominated by President Roosevelt as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, filling the vacancy caused by the death of Pierce Butler the previous November. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 16, and sworn in on February 5, 1940. The timing of the appointment put Murphy on the cusp of the Charles Evans Hughes and the Harlan Fiske Stone courts. On the death of Chief Justice Stone, Murphy served in the court led by Frederick Moore Vinson, who was confirmed in 1946. During World War II he served in the Army Reserve during three months of 1942 while the court was in recess. He served as the executive officer to the Chief of Staff of the United States Army George C. Marshall. He retired with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

Murphy took an expansive view of individual liberties, and the limitations on government he found in the Bill of Rights. He authored 199 opinions: 131 for the majority, 68 in dissent.  One of the important opinions authored by Justice Murphy was Securities and Exchange Commission v. W. J. Howey Co. (1946), in which the Court defined the term "investment contract" under the Securities Act of 1933, thus giving content to the most important concept of what makes something a security in American law.

Opinions differ about him and his jurisprudential philosophy. He has been acclaimed as a legal scholar and a champion of the common man, but Justice Felix Frankfurter disparagingly nicknamed Murphy "the Saint", criticizing his decisions as being rooted more in passion than reason. It has been said he was "neither legal scholar nor craftsman", and he was criticized "for relying on heart over head, results over legal reasoning, clerks over hard work, and emotional solos over team play."

Murphy's support of African Americans, aliens, criminals, dissenters, Jehovah's Witnesses, Native Americans, women, workers and other "outsiders" evoked a pun: "tempering justice with Murphy." As he wrote in Falbo v. United States (1944), "The law knows no finer hour than when it cuts through formal concepts and transitory emotions to protect unpopular citizens against discrimination and persecution." (p. 561)

According to Frankfurter, Murphy was part of the more liberal "axis" of justices on the Court along with justices Wiley B. Rutledge, William O. Douglas and Hugo L. Black; the group would for years oppose Frankfurter's "judicially restrained" conservative ideology. Douglas, Murphy and then Rutledge were the first justices to agree with Black's notion that the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated the Bill of Rights' protection in it; this view would later become law.

Murphy is perhaps best known for his vehement dissent from the court's ruling in Korematsu v. United States (1944), which upheld the constitutionality of the government's internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. He sharply criticized the majority ruling as "legalization of racism."

This was the first time the word "racism" found its way into a Supreme Court opinion (Murphy had previously used the term twice in a concurring opinion in Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railway Co. (1944) issued that same day). He would use that word again in five separate opinions before the word "racism" disappeared from Murphy's and the High Court's other opinions for almost two decades, not reappearing until the landmark  decision of Loving v. Virginia (1967), which struck down as unconstitutional the Virginia anti-miscegenation statute. (See also Jim Crow laws.)

Although Murphy was serving on the Supreme Court during World War II, he still longed to be part of the war effort; and so during Court recesses he served at Fort Benning, Georgia as an infantry officer.

On January 30, 1944, almost exactly one year before Soviet liberation of the Auschwitz death camp on January 27, 1945, Justice Murphy unveiled the formation of the National Committee Against Nazi Persecution and Extermination of the Jews. Serving as committee chair, he declared that it was created to combat Nazi propaganda "breeding the germs of hatred against Jews."  This announcement was made on the 11th anniversary of Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. The eleven committee members included U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace, 1940 Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie and Henry St. George Tucker, Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Murphy was among 12 nominated at the 1944 Democratic National Convention to serve as Roosevelt's running mate in the presidential election that year. He acted as chairman of the National Committee against Nazi Persecution and Extermination of the Jews and of the Philippine War Relief Committee. The first committee was established in early 1944 to promote rescue of European Jews, and to combat antisemitism in the United States.

Death and memory
Murphy died in his sleep at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit on July 19, 1949, of a coronary thrombosis at the age of 59. Over 10,000 people attended his funeral in Detroit. He is buried in Our Lady of Lake Huron Catholic Cemetery in Sand Beach Township, Michigan, near Harbor Beach.

The Frank Murphy Hall of Justice was home to Detroit's Recorder's Court and now houses part of Michigan's Third Judicial Circuit Court. There is a plaque in his honor on the first floor, which is recognized as a Michigan Legal Milestone.

Outside the Hall of Justice is Carl Milles's statue "The Hand of God". This rendition was cast in honor of Murphy and financed by the United Automobile Workers. It features a nude figure emerging from the left hand of God. Although commissioned in 1949 and completed by 1953, the work, partly because of the male nudity involved, was kept in storage for a decade and a half. The work was chosen in tribute to Murphy by Walter P. Reuther and Ira W. Jayne. It was placed on a pedestal in 1970 with the help of sculptor Marshall Fredericks, who was a Milles student.

Murphy is also honored with a museum in his home town, Harbor Beach, Michigan. Housed at his former residence, it contains numerous personal artifacts from his life and career, most notably from the Philippines. The Murphy Museum is open during the summer months, by appointment.

Murphy's personal and official files are archived at the Bentley Historical Library of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and are open for research. This also includes an oral history project about Murphy. His correspondence and other official documents are deposited in libraries around the country.

In memory of Murphy, one of three University of Michigan Law School alumni to become a U.S. Supreme Court justice, Washington, D.C.-based attorney John H. Pickering, who was a law clerk for Murphy, donated a large sum of money to the law school as a remembrance, establishing the Frank Murphy Seminar Room.

Murphy was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Law degree by the University of Michigan in 1939.

The University of Detroit has a Frank Murphy Honor Society.

The Sweet Trials: Malice Aforethought is a play written by Arthur Beer, based on the trials of Ossian and Henry Sweet, and derived from Kevin Boyle's Arc of Justice.

The Detroit Public Schools named Frank Murphy Elementary in his honor.

Personal life

Justice Murphy was the subject of "[r]umors of homosexuality [...] all his adult life". According to Courting Justice: Gay Men and Lesbians v. The Supreme Court:
[a] gay reading of [biographies of Murphy] suggests that Murphy's homosexuality was hiding in plain sight. For more than 40 years, Edward G. Kemp was Frank Murphy's devoted, trusted companion. Like Murphy, Kemp was a lifelong bachelor. From college until Murphy's death, the pair found creative ways to work and live together. [...] When Murphy appeared to have the better future in politics, Kemp stepped into a supportive, secondary role, much as Hillary Clinton would later do for Bill Clinton.

As well as Murphy's close relationship with Kemp, Murphy's biographer, historian Sidney Fine, found in Murphy's personal papers a letter that "if the words mean what they say, refers to a homosexual encounter some years earlier between Murphy and the writer." The writer of the letter implied that he and Murphy had become lovers while Murphy was Governor-General and congratulated Murphy on his appointment to the Supreme Court.

Murphy did have at least two female companions of note. Ann Parker was frequently seen horseback riding with Murphy in Washington during his tenure as U.S. Attorney General, leading to speculation of a romance in the press. At the time of his death, Murphy was engaged to Joan Cuddihy; the wedding was scheduled for the following month.

See also

 Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
 Ford Hunger March
 List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
 List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office
 List of University of Michigan law and government alumni
 United States Supreme Court cases during the Hughes Court
 United States Supreme Court cases during the Stone Court
 United States Supreme Court cases during the Vinson Court

Bibliography

General

 Howard, J. Woodford, Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968).
 Greg Zipes. Justice and Faith: The Frank Murphy Story. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2021.

Footnotes

Notes

Further reading

 Frank Murphy, American National Biography.
 Ariens, Michael, Supreme Court Justices, Frank Murphy (1890–1949).
 Arnold, Thurman Wesley. "Mr. Justice Murphy." 63 Harvard Law Review 289 (1949).
 Bak, Richard, "(Frank) Murphy's Law", Hour Detroit, September 2008.
 Baulch, Vivian M. and Zacharias, Patricia, Rearview Mirror, "The Historic 1936–37 Flint Auto Plant Strike", The Detroit News.
 Barnet, Vincent M. Jr. "Mr. Justice Murphy, Civil Liberties and the Holmes' Tradition." 32 Cornell Law Quarterly 177 (1946).
 Bibliography and Biography, William Francis "Frank" Murphy, 6th Circuit United States Court of Appeals.
 Biographical Dictionary of the Federal Judiciary. Detroit: Gale Research, 1976.
 Black, Hugo L., "Mr. Justice Murphy." 48 Michigan Law Review 739 (1950).

 "Frank Murphy, Dictionary of American Biography.
 Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy, Michigan's 35th Governor, Archives of Michigan.
 Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy in World War I (Ann Arbor: Michigan Historical Collections, 1968), photos, 44 pp.

 Friend, Theodore, Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929–1946 (1965).
 Hall, Kermit L. (2005) "Murphy, Frank." The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press 1150 pp. ; .

 Howard, J. Woodford Jr., Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography  (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 1968).
 Lopez, Ian F. Haney, "A nation of minorities: race, ethnicity, and reactionary colorblindness" , Stanford Law Review, February 1, 2007.
 Lunt, Richard D., The High Ministry of Government: The Political Career of Frank Murphy (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1965) (PhD diss. University of New Mexico).
 Marshall, Thurgood. "Mr. Justice Murphy and Civil Rights." 48 Michigan Law Review 745 (1950).

 Maveal, Gary, "Michigan Lawyers in History – Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan's Leading Citizen", 79 Michigan Bar Journal 368 (March 2000).
 Nawrocki, Dennis Alan, Art in Detroit Public Places (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1980), p. 63, biographical material on Frank Murphy.
 Norris, Harold, Mr. Justice Murphy and the Bill of Rights (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1965).
 Ossian Sweet Murder Trial Scrapbook, 1925. Scrapbook and photocopy of the November 1925 murder trial of Ossian Sweet. Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University.
 Roche, John P. "Mr. Justice Murphy", Mr. Justice, Dunham, Allison and Kurland, Philip B., eds, 281–317 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956, rev. edn 1964).
 St. Antoine, Theodore J., "Justice Frank Murphy and American labor law", Michigan Law Review (100 MLR 1900, June 1, 2002).
 Toms, Robert, Speech on the Sweet murder trials upon retirement of the prosecuting attorney in 1960, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University.

 .

 .

External links

 Gubernatorial photographic portrait of Frank Murphy, Michigan archives.
 National Governors Association, Frank Murphy Biography.
 Photograph, Franklin Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt and Frank Murphy, Virtual Detroit, The Detroit News.
 The Sweet Trials University of Detroit Mercy.
 The Sweet Trials home page, Famous American Trials, University of Missouri, Kansas City.
 Time magazine cover, Frank Murphy, August 28, 1939.

 United States Conference of Mayors on Frank Murphy
 United States Department of Justice, Biographies of U.S. Attorneys General, Frank Murphy.

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Frank Murphy


آدم غارسيا  ممثل أسترالي من مواليد 1 يونيو 1973. والدته جين أسترالية ووالده فابيو من أصل كولومبي.

مواقع خارجية

المراجع

أستراليون مغتربون في إنجلترا
أستراليون من أصل كولومبي
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص متعلمون في مدرسة نوكس للقواعد
راقصون ذكور أستراليون
كتاب وكاتبات أستراليون
مغتربون أستراليون في المملكة المتحدة
مغنون أستراليون
مغنون أستراليون في القرن 21
مغنون ذكور أستراليون في القرن 20
مغنون ذكور أستراليون في القرن 21
مغنون من نيوساوث ويلز
ممثلو أداء صوتي أستراليون
ممثلو أفلام أستراليون
ممثلو تلفزيون أستراليون
ممثلو مسرح أستراليون
ممثلو مسرحيات موسيقية أستراليون
ممثلون أستراليون في القرن 20
ممثلون أستراليون في القرن 21
ممثلون كولومبيون في القرن 20
ممثلون كولومبيون في القرن 21
ممثلون من نيوساوث ويلز
مواليد 1973
موسيقيون من نيوساوث ويلز
موسيقيون وموسيقيات أستراليون

آدم غارسيا


المثنى هو ما يدل على اثنين أو اثنتين، أو أغنى عن متعاطفين، بزيادة ألف ونون في حالة الرفع، وياء ونون في حالة النصب، أو الجر، مثال: قلمان أو قلمين. وتحذف نون المثنى عند الإضافة.

صفات تثنية الاسم

 أن يكون مفرداً.
 أن يكون معرباً.
 أن يكون غير مركب غير تركيب مزجيًا أو اسناديًّا.
 أن يكون له ثانٍ في الوجود.
 أن يكون نكرة.
 كما يوجد أيضاً أسماء أخرى تسمى ملحقات المثنى وهي ما يعرب بحركات المثنى.

قواعد المثنى
 علامة إعراب المثنى الألف رفعاً، والياء نصباً وجراً.
 الكلمات الأتية تُلحق بالمثنى وتعرب إعرابه: (اثنَانِ) و(اثنَتانِ) و(ثِنتانِ) و(كِلا) و(كِلتَا).
 يشترط في (كلا) و(كلتا) كي تلحقا بالمثنى أن تضافا إلى ضمير، فإن أضيفتا إلى اسمٍ ظاهر أعربتا بالحركة المقدرة على آخرهما.
 إذا أضيف المثنى حذفت نُونُه.

المثنى اسم يدل على اثنين متفقين في الحروف والحركات والمعنى.

أمثلة على المثنى

 الطالبان نجحا في المسابقة.
 أخذت من اللاعبيْنِ الكرة.
 يقرأُ الطالبان في الكتابيْنِ.
 شاهدتُ الكوكبين.
 فرحتُ بالهديتينِ.
 كان الملاكمان ماهريْنِ.

إعراب المثنى
يرفع المثنى بالألف نيابة عن الضمة، وينصب ويجر بالياء نيابة عن الفتحة والكسرة، والنون فيه عوض عن التنوين في الاسم المفرد.

أمثلة على المثنى وإعرابه

 يقرأُ الطالبانِ في الكتابيْنِ.

الطالبان: فاعل مرفوع وعلامة رفعه الألف لأنه مثنى.

الكتابين: اسم مجرور وعلامة جره الياء لأنه مثنى.

 شاهدتُ الكوكبيْنِ.

الكوكبين: مفعول به منصوب وعلامة نصبه الياء لأنه مثنى.

 فرحتُ بالهديتينِ.

الهديتين: اسم مجرور وعلامة جره الياء لأنه مثنى.

شروط المثنى
يشترط لتثنية الاسم، ما يلي:

 أن يكون مفردا، فالمثنى والجمع لا يثنيان.
 أن يكون معربا، فالأسماء المبنية لا تثنى.
 أن يكون مفرده موافقا في اللفظ والمعنى، مثل: رجلان مفردها رجل، وبنتان مفردها بنت.

أما قولهم (أبوان) للأب والأم، و(قمران) للشمس والقمر، دون موافقة اللفظ والمعنى – فمن باب التغليب ليس أكثر.

تثنية الاسم المقصور

 يثنى الاسم المقصور الثلاثي بقلب ألفه  (واواً) إن كان أصلها الواو، مثل:

عصا: عصَوان.

 وتقلب ألف المقصور (ياءً) إن كان أصلها الياء، مثل:

فتى: فتَيان.

 وما كان فوق الثلاثي فيقلب ألفه (ياء) دائما، مثل:

مأوى: مأويان.

تثنية الاسم الممدود

 يثنى الاسم الممدود بإبقاء همزته على حالها إذا كانت أصلية مثل:

وعاء: وعاءان.

 يثنى الممدود بقلب همزته واوا إذا كانت مزيدة للتأنيث، مثل:

حسناء: حسناوان.

 يثنى الممدود بإبقاء همزته على حالها أو بقلبها واوا إذا كانت مبدلة من واو أو ياء، مثل:

غطاء: غطاءان – غطاوان.

تثنية الاسم المنقوص

 الاسم المنقوص أي المختوم بياء أصلية غير مشددة إذا كانت ياؤه محذوفة ردت إليه الياء عند التثنية، مثل:

قاض: قاضيان.

ملاحظة: تحذف الياء من الاسم المنقوص إذا كان نكرة منونة في حالتي الرفع والجر، وذلك لأن التنوين نون ساكنة والياء حرف ساكن، ومَنْعا من التقاء الساكنين تحذف الياء.

مثال:

جاء محامٍ – مررتُ بمحامٍ.

حذف نون المثنى
تحذف النون من المثنى في حالة الإضافة رفعا ونصبا وجرا.

مثال:

 جاء طالبا العلم.
 رأيتُ طالِبَي العلم.
 مررتُ بطالبَي العلم.

المثنى والملحق به
يلحق بالمثنى الأسماء الآتية:

 اثنان واثنتان.

مثال: جاء اثنانِ من الطلاب.

 هذا وهاتان.

مثال: هذان ولدان مجتهدان.

 اللذان واللتان

مثال: جاءت اللتان نجحتا.

 كلا وكلتا مضافتان إلى الضمير.

مثال: وصل الأبوان كلاهما إلى الحفلة.

ملحوظة: إذا لم تضف " كلا وكلتا " إلى الضمير وأضيفتا إلى الاسم الظاهر، فتعرب كل منهما إعراب الاسم المقصور، فترفع بالضمة المقدرة على الألف للتعذر، وتنصب بالفتحة المقدرة على الألف للتعذر، وتجر بالكسرة المقدرة على الألف للتعذر.

مثال: كلا الولدين مجتهدان.

إعراب الملحق بالمثنى
تعرب الأسماء الملحقة بالمثنى إعراب المثنى، إذ ترفع بالألف وتنصب وتجر بالياء.

نماذج إعراب المثنى وملحقاته

 نجح الطالبان المجتهدان.

نجح: فعل ماض مبني على الفتح الظاهر على آخره.

الطالبان: فاعل مرفوع وعلامة رفعه الألف لأنه مثنى.

المجتهدان: نعت مرفوع وعلامة رفعه الألف لأنه مثنى.

 زارنا شاعرانِ.

زارنا: زار: فعل ماض مبني على الفتح الظاهر على آخره. ونا: ضمير متصل مبني على السكون في محل نصب مفعول به.

شاعران: فاعل مرفوع وعلامة رفعه الألف لأنه مثنى.

 هنأتُ الطالبيْنِ المجتهدين.

هنأت: فعل ماض مبني على السكون والتاء ضمير متصل مبني على الضم في محل رفع فاعل.

الطالبين: مفعول به منصوب وعلامة نصبه الياء لأنه مثنى.

المجتهدين: نعت منصوب وعلامة نصبه الياء لأنه مثنى.

 وصل الأبوانِ كلاهما.

وصل: فعل ماض مبني على الفتح الظاهر على آخره.

الأبوان: فاعل مرفوع وعلامة رفعه الألف لأنه ملحق بالمثنى.

كلاهما: توكيد مرفوع وعلامة رفعه الألف لأنه ملحق بالمثنى، وهو مضاف، و (هما) ضمير متصل مبني على السكون في محل جر مضاف إليه.

أمثلة على المثنى من القرآن الكريم
قال تعالى:

 "قَالُوا إِنْ هَٰذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ يُرِيدَانِ أَن يُخْرِجَاكُم مِّنْ أَرْضِكُم" (طه 63).
 "قَالَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا ادْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ" (المائدة 23).
 "وَوَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَذُودَانِ" (القصص 23).
 "إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِندَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُل لَّهُمَا أُفٍّ" (الإسراء 23).
 "إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ" (المائدة 106).

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة المثنيات في اللغة العربية.

مراجع

2 (عدد)
قواعد عددية
نحو عربي

المثنى (نحو)


Der Israelitische Friedhof von Klagenfurt am Wörthersee liegt im 11. Bezirk St. Ruprecht. Er grenzt mit zwei Mauern an den christlichen Friedhof St. Ruprecht.

Der im Jahr 1888 gegründete Bestattungsverein Chewra Kadischa erwarb im Jahr 1895 ein Grundstück vor dem christlichen Friedhof St. Ruprecht, wo bereits Juden beerdigt waren. Im Ersten Weltkrieg wurden auch jüdische Soldaten, die in Lazaretten verstarben, hier begraben. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg erlitt der Friedhof Schäden durch Bomben im Luftkrieg, die von der Stadt Klagenfurt mit Beschluss im Jahr 1964 behoben wurden. Bei einer weiteren Generalsanierung im Jahr 2012 wurde das schmiedeeiserne Tor vom Kunstschmied Markus Pirker neu geschaffen. Die Generalsanierung wurde mit Marko M. Feingold, Präsident der Salzburger Kultusgemeinde, und Rajmund Pajer, Überlebender im KZ Mauthausen und KZ-Nebenlager Klagenfurt-Lendorf, am 8. Mai 2012 feierlich abgeschlossen.

Da es in Klagenfurt keine jüdische Gemeinde mehr gibt, werden Bestattungen über die Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Graz durchgeführt.

Gedenktafel und Urne von Fred Reinisch

Bgm. Maria-Luise Mathiaschitz hat die Anbringung eine Marmortafel am israelitischen Friedhof initiiert, um des Klagenfurters Fred Reinisch zu gedenken. Die Gedenktafel wurde am 24. Juli im Jahr 2018 feierlich enthüllt.
Er ließ sich – verstorben 2018 in Florida – einäschern. Dies ist nach jüdischen Glauben nicht erlaubt. Der Kompromiss: Die Urne steht auf dem christlichen Friedhof, genauer gesagt in einer Mauernische. Auf jüdischer Seite der Mauer wurde aber eine Gedenktafel angebracht.

Fred Reinisch, am 29. September 1921 in St. Ruprecht geboren, war der letzte Klagenfurter Jude, der dem Holocaust entkommen konnte.

Er verstarb am 26. Juli 2017 kurz vor seinem 97. Geburtstag in Boca Raton in Florida.

Obwohl ihm als Kind und jungem Mann viel Unrecht, Diskriminierung und Verfolgung angetan wurde, kannte Reinisch "weder Groll noch Rachegefühle" ("Brief an die Nachgeborenen", 2013).

Literatur
 Nadja Danglmaier: Die jüdische Gemeinde in Klagenfurt. Von gesellschaftlicher Assimilation zur Zerstörung. Projektarbeit, Pädagogischen Akademie Linz, 2006.

Weblinks

 Landeshauptstadt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee: Israelitischer Friedhof restauriert, 8. Mai 2012

Einzelnachweise

Sakralbau in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee
Klagenfurt
Baudenkmal (Kärnten)
Judentum in Kärnten
Erbaut in den 1890er Jahren

Israelitischer Friedhof Klagenfurt am Wörthersee


Suzuki Motor Anonim Şirketi, birçok farklı türde araç üreten Japon otomotiv üreticisi.

Tarihi
 1909: Michio Suzuki tarafından Hamamatsu, Shizuoka'da dokuma tezgâhı fabrikası kuruldu.
 1920: 500.000 Yen sermaye ile Suzuki Loom Manufacturing Co. (Suzuki Dokuma Tezgahı Fabrikası) kuruldu  ve Başkanı Michio Suzuki oldu.
 1952: İlk motorlu-bisikleti satışa sundu. Modelin adı 'Power Free'.
 1954: Şirketin ismi 'Suzuki Motor Corporation' olarak değiştirildi.
 1955: 'Colleda' adlı motosikletini satışa sundu.
 1955: Japonya'nın hafif sınıf otomobil ihtiyacını karşılamak için 360cc, 2-zamanlı, 'Suzulight' adlı otomobilini satışa sundu.
 1961: Suzuki'nin Dokuma Tezgahı Fabrikası ile motor üreten fabrikası ayrıldı.
 1961: Hafif sınıf yük taşıma aracı 'Suzulight Carry' satışa sunuldu.
 1962: Suzuki 50 cc sınıfında İngiltere'de yapılan TT yarışında şampiyon oldu.
 1963: Los Angeles'ta Suzuki Amerika kuruldu.
 1965: 'D55' (5.5 beygir, 2-zamanlı) denizmotoru üretildi.
 1965: 'Suzuki Fronte 800' üretildi.
 1967: Thai Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd. kuruldu.
 1968: 'Carry Van' satışa sunuldu.
 1970: hafif sınıf 'Jimny' 4x4 (LJ serisi) satışa sunuldu.
 1971: Tüm zamanların en çok satmış, 2-zamanlı, su soğutmalı, 750cc'lik motosikleti: 'GT750' üretildi.
 1973: Suzuki Canada Ltd. Ontario-Kanada'da da yeni bir üs açtı.
 1974: Cakarta Endonezya'da P. T. Suzuki Endonezya İmalathanesi kuruldu.
 1974: Suzuki Motor 'Chair Z600' adlı sakat arabası modeliyle sektöre giriş yaptı.
 1974: Suzuki prefabrik ev sektörüne girdi.
 1975: Manila Filipinler'de Antonio Suzuki Corp kuruldu.
 1976: Suzuki'nin en başarılı motosiklet serisi olan 'GS serisi' satışa sunuldu.
 1977: 'LJ80' adlı 4 çeker aracını satışa sundu.
 1977: Suzuki 'GS1000' modeli motosikletini ihracata başladı.
 1979: 'Alto' adlı hafif sınıf aracını satışa sundu.
 1980: Sydney Avustralya'da Suzuki Australia Pty. Ltd. kuruldu.
 1980: Jeneratör sektörüne girdi.
 1981: 'Gemma' Adlı 50cc'lik motosiklet üretildi.
 1981: General Motors(ABD) ve Isuzu Motors Ltd.(Japon) ile iş anlaşması imzaladı.
 1982: 'GSX750 S' adlı motosikletini satışa sundu.
 1982: 'LT125' adlı ATV modelini (All Terrain Vehicle / 4-tekerli arazi motosikleti) satışa sundu.
 1982: 'Motocross Grand Prix 500' Şampiyonasını Suzuki 6. defa kazandı.
 1982: Karachi Pakistan'daki Pak Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd. fabrikasında 4 çeker araçların üretimine başladı.
 1982: 'World Road Race Grand Prix 500' yarışında art arda 7 yıl şampiyonluğunu kazandı.
 1983: 'RG250 Gamma' motosikletini satışa sundu.
 1983: 'Cultus' (swift) 1.0 lt binek aracını satışa sundu.
 1983: Yeni Delhi Hindistan'daki Maruti Udyog Ltd. fabrikasında 4 çeker araç üretimi başladı.
 1984: Wanganui Yeni Zelanda'da Suzuki New Zealand Ltd. kuruldu.
 1984: General Motors Corporation firmasına 1.0 lt. ihracatı başladı.
 1984: Fransa'nın Trappes şehrinde Suzuki France S.A. kuruldu.
 1984: Pekin'de bulunan China National Aerotechnology Import & Export Beijing Corporation firması ile araç üretiminde teknik asistanlık antlaşması imzalandı.
 1984: 'World Motocross Grand Prix 125' yarışında art arda 10 yıl şampiyon oldu.
 1984: Heppenheim Almanya'da Suzuki Motor GmbH kuruldu.
 1985: Yağ soğutuculu 'GSX-R750' model, spor motosikletini satışa sundu.
 1985: Avello S.A. İspanya'da scooter üretimi başladı.
 1985: Çin ile 'Motosiklet Teknik Bağlantı' antlaşması imzalandı.
 1985: Otomobil satışları için 'Suzuki Otomotiv Amerika' kuruldu.
 1987: Kolombiya'da 'Cultus' (Swift) satışa sunuldu.
 1987: Toplam araç ihracatı 2 milyon adede ulaştı.
 1988: 'Escudo' (VITARA) 4x4 satışa sunuldu
 1989: CAMI Automotiv Ontario Kanada'da üretime başladı.
 1989: Toplam araç üretimi 10 milyona ulaştı.

Otomobil modelleri
 Aerio/Liana
 APV/Carry
 Baleno/Suzuki Esteem/Cultus Crescent
 Cultus/Swift/Forsa
 Escudo/Vitara/Sidekick
 Grand Vitara
 Ignis
 Jimny/Jimny Sierra
 SJ-Series/Samurai/Sierra/Santana
 SX4
 XL-7
 XL7
 X-90
 Kuzey Amerika Modelleri
 Forenza
 Fun
 Reno
 Verona
 Alto/Alto Works
 Cappuccino
 Cara
 Carry/Every
 Cervo/Cervo Mode/SC100/Whizzkid
 Fronte
 Jimny
 LJ-Series
 Kei/Kei Works
 Lapin/Lapin SS
 MightyBoy
 MR Wagon
 SJ-Series
 Supercarry
 Suzuki Twin
 Wagon R
 Wagon RR

Suzuki motosiklet

Motosiklet Modelleri
 Power Free
 Diamond Free
 Colleda Serisi
 Mini Free (MF1)
 Porter Free
 K Serisi (K10, K11)
 M Serisi (M12, M15, M30, M31)
 PE 175
 RH Serisi (RH66, RH67, RH68...)
 GV Serisi - Madura (GV700, GV1200, GV1400 Cavalcade)
 GT Serisi (GT100, GT125, GT185, GT250, GT350, GT380, GT500, GT750)
 RE 5 Rotary (Wankel Rotary motorlu)
 RG Serisi (RG50, RG125, RG185, RG200, RG250, RG400, RG500)
 RGV Serisi (RGV250, RGV500)
 RK Serisi
 RL Serisi
 RM Serisi (RM62, RN63...RM125, RM250)
 RMX Serisi
 RN Serisi (RN71, RN72...)
 RT Serisi
 RV 125 - Van Van / Tracker
 S Serisi (S10, S32...)
 SP 125
 T Serisi (T10, T20, T21, T90, T125, T200, T305, T350, T500)
 TC Serisi (TC100, TC120, TC125, TC185, T200, T250, T350)
 TM Serisi (TM11, TM75, TM100, TM250, TM400)
 TR 500
 TS Serisi (TS80, TS90, TS100, TS125, TS185, TS200, TS250, TS350, TS400)
 X Serisi (X1,X5, X6)
 XN 85
 DR Serisi (DR125, DR200, DR350, DR650, DR750, DR800 BIG)
 DR-Z Serisi (DRZ125, DRZ250, DRZ400)
 GS Serisi (GS250, GS400, GS425, GS450, GS500, GS550, GS650, GS750, GS850, GS1000, GS1100, GS1150, GS1200)
 GSF Serisi - Bandit (GSF400, GSF600, GSF650, GSF750, GSF1200, GSF1250)
 GSR400, GSR600
 GSX Serisi - Katana / Inazuma / Impulse (GSX400, GSX600, GSX750, GSX1000, GSX1100, GSX1200, GSX1400)
 GSX-R Serisi (GSX-R250, GSX-R400, GSX-R600, GSX-R750, GSX-R1000, GSX-R1100, GSX-R1300 Hayabusa)
 RF Serisi (RF400, RF600, RF900)
 SV Serisi (SV400, SV650, SV1000)
 TL 1000
 DL Serisi - VStrom (DL650, DL1000)
 XF 650 Freewind
 GN Serisi (GN125, GN250, GN400)
 GZ 250 Marauder
 LS 650 Savage
 VZ Serisi (VZ800 Marauder, VZ1600 Marauder...)
 VL Serisi (VL250 Intruder, VL800 Volusia, VL1400 Intruder, VL1500 Intruder...)
 GR 650 Tempter
 SG Serisi - Goose (SG250, SG350)
 VX 800
 TU 250
 TV 200
 X 800 Desperado
 EN 125
 FXR 150
 Boulevard Serisi (Marauder, Intruder, Volusia 'nın devamıdır)
 AN Burgman Serisi (125cc, 400 cc, 650 cc Scooter)

ATV modelleri
 Suzuki KingQuad 700
 Suzuki TwinPeaks 700
 Suzuki Vinson 500
 Suzuki Eiger 400
 Suzuki Ozark 250

Ayrıca bakınız
 Suzuki Equator
 Suzuki GN serisi
 Suzuki Kizashi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Suzuki Global Web Sitesi
 Suzuki A.B.D.
 Suzuki Türkiye

1920'de kurulan şirketler
Japonya merkezli otomotiv şirketleri
Japonya merkezli motosiklet üreticileri
Otomobil markaları
Nikkei 225

Suzuki


L'équipe du Malawi de hockey sur gazon est la sélection nationale du Malawi représentant le pays dans les compétitions internationales masculines de hockey sur gazon.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques
Le Malawi n'a jamais participé à un tournoi masculin de hockey sur gazon des Jeux olympiques.

Coupe du monde
Le Malawi n'a jamais participé à la Coupe du monde.

Jeux africains
1999 :

Coupe d'Afrique des nations
1989 :

Notes et références

Malawi
Équipe du Malawi
Hockey sur gazon au Malawi

Équipe du Malawi de hockey sur gazon


ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, දිල්ලියේ පැවැත්වෙන 2010 පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්‍රීඩා උළෙලට සහභාගී විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාව නියෝජනය කරමින් මෙම ක්‍රීඩක ක්‍රීඩිකාවන් 93 ක් (ක්‍රීඩකයන් 73 , ක්‍රීඩිකාවන් 20 ) සහභාගී වූ අතර මෙය 2006 මෙල්බෝන් ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල හා සංසන්දනය කිරීමේදී 26 ක වැඩි වීමකි. මිට අමතරව නිලධාරීන් 45 දෙනෙකුද ලංකාව වෙනුවෙන් මෙම ක්‍රීඩා උත්සවයට සහභාගී විය . බර ඉසිලීමේ ක්‍රීඩක චින්තන විදානගේ මෙම උළෙලේ කොඩි උසුලන්නා ලෙස කටයුතු කළේය.:

පදක්කම්

පදක්කම් ලාභීන්

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2010 පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්‍රීඩා උළෙලේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව


Jedlnia-Letnisko (até 1917 Mokrzec Swoboda) é um município no centro da Polônia. Pertence à voivodia da Mazóvia, no condado de Radom. É a sede da comuna urbano-rural de Jedlnia-Letnisko e da paróquia católica de São José Esposo da Bem-Aventurada Virgem Maria.

Estende-se por uma área de 8,22 km², com 4 078 habitantes, segundo o censo de 31 de dezembro de 2021, com uma densidade populacional de 496,1 hab./km².

Entre 1945 e 1975, a cidade pertenceu administrativamente à voivodia de Kielce, e depois, entre 1975 e 1998, à voivodia de Radom. Até 1954, era a sede da comuna de Gzowice.

Jedlnia-Letnisko está situada na histórica Pequena Polônia, em uma área que fazia parte da Terra de Sandomierz na Idade Média. Etnográfica e culturalmente, ela pertence à Terra de Radom.

Ligações externas

Municípios da Polónia
Cidades da Mazóvia (voivodia)

Jedlnia-Letnisko


The Roman Baths are well-preserved thermae in the city of Bath, Somerset, England. A temple was constructed on the site between 60 and 70 AD in the first few decades of Roman Britain. Its presence led to the development of the small Roman urban settlement known as Aquae Sulis around the site. The Roman baths—designed for public bathing—were used until the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th century AD. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the original Roman baths were in ruins a century later. The area around the natural springs was redeveloped several times during the Early and Late Middle Ages.

The Roman Baths are preserved in four main features: the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the Roman Bath House, and a museum which holds artefacts from Aquae Sulis. However, all buildings at street level date from the 19th century. It is a major tourist attraction in the UK, and together with the Grand Pump Room, receives more than 1.3 million visitors annually. Visitors can tour the baths and museum but cannot enter the water.

Hot spring
The water is sourced from rainfall on the nearby Mendip Hills, which then percolates down through limestone aquifers to a depth of between . Geothermal energy raises the water temperature here to between . Under pressure, the heated water rises along fissures and faults in the limestone, until it bubbles up from the ground into the baths. This process is similar to an enhanced geothermal system, which also makes use of the high pressures and temperatures below the Earth's crust. Hot water at a temperature of  rises here at the rate of  every day, from a geological fault (the Pennyquick fault). In 1982 a new spa water bore-hole was sunk, providing a clean and safe supply of spa water for drinking in the Pump Room.

Water quality
Bath was charged with responsibility for the hot springs in a Royal Charter of 1591 granted by Elizabeth I. This duty has now passed to Bath and North East Somerset Council, who monitor pressure, temperature and flow rates. The thermal waters contain sodium, calcium, chloride and sulphate ions in high concentrations.

The Roman Baths are no longer used for bathing. In October 1978, a young girl swimming in the restored Roman Bath with the Bath Dolphins, a local swimming club, contracted naegleriasis and died, leading to the closure of the bath for several years. Tests showed Naegleria fowleri, a deadly pathogen, in the water. The newly constructed Thermae Bath Spa nearby, and the refurbished Cross Bath, allow modern-day bathers to experience the waters via a series of more recently drilled boreholes.

History

Archaeological evidence indicates that the site of the baths may have been a centre of worship used by Celts; the springs were dedicated to the goddess Sulis, who was locally identified with Minerva. Geoffrey of Monmouth in his largely fictional  describes how the spring was discovered by the pre-Roman British king Bladud, who built the baths there. Early in the 18th century Geoffrey's obscure legend was given great prominence as a royal endorsement of the waters'  qualities, with the embellishment that the spring had cured Bladud and his herd of pigs of leprosy through wallowing in the warm mud.

Roman Britain
The name Sulis continued to be used after the Roman invasion, leading to the town's Roman name of Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis"). The temple was constructed in 60–70 AD and the bathing complex was gradually built up over the next 300 years. During the Roman occupation of Britain, and possibly on the instructions of Emperor Claudius, engineers drove oak piles into the mud to provide a stable foundation and surrounded the spring with an irregular stone chamber lined with lead. In the 2nd century it was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted building, and included the caldarium (hot bath), tepidarium (lukewarm bath), and frigidarium (cold bath). After the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the first decade of the 5th century, these fell into disrepair and were eventually lost due to silting up, and flooding. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle suggests the original Roman baths were destroyed in the 6th century.

About 130 curse tablets have been found. Many of the curses are related to thefts of clothes whilst the victim was bathing.

Post-Roman use

The baths have been modified on several occasions, including the 12th century, when John of Tours built a curative bath over the King's Spring reservoir, and the 16th century, when the city corporation built a new bath (Queen's Bath) to the south of the spring. Anne of Denmark came to Bath twice for her health. The court physician Théodore de Mayerne bathed Anne of Denmark in the King's Bath on 19 May 1613. She returned in August 1615. Anne of Denmark was surprised by a flame caused by natural gas in King's Bath, and thereafter used the New Bath or Queen's Bath where a column with a crown and the inscription "Anna Regnum Sacrum" was added in her honour.

The spring is now housed in 18th-century buildings, designed by architects John Wood, the Elder and John Wood, the Younger, father and son. Visitors drank the waters in the Grand Pump Room, a Neoclassical salon which remains in use, both for taking the waters and for social functions. Victorian expansion of the baths complex followed the Neoclassical tradition established by the Woods. In 1810, the hot springs were thought to have failed and William Smith opened up the Hot Bath Spring to the bottom, where he found that the spring had not failed but had flowed into a new channel. Smith restored the water to its original course.

The visitor entrance is via an 1897 concert hall by J. M. Brydon. It is an eastward continuation of the Grand Pump Room, with a glass-domed centre and single-storey radiused corner. The Grand Pump Room was begun in 1789 by Thomas Baldwin. He resigned in 1791 and John Palmer continued the scheme through to completion in 1799. The elevation on to Abbey Church Yard has a centre piece of four engaged Corinthian columns with entablatures and pediment. It has been designated by Historic England as a grade I listed building. The north colonnade was also designed by Thomas Baldwin. The south colonnade is similar but had an upper floor added in the late 19th century. The museum and Queen's Bath including the "Bridge" spanning York Street to the City Laundry were by Charles Edward Davis in 1889. It comprises a southward extension to the Grand Pump Room, within which some parts of the 17th-century Queen's Bath remain.

Museum

The museum houses artefacts from the Roman period, including objects that were thrown into the Sacred Spring, presumably as offerings to the goddess. These include more than 12,000 Denarii coins, which is the largest collective votive deposit known from Britain. A gilt bronze head of the goddess Sulis Minerva, which was discovered nearby in 1727, is displayed.

The Bath Roman Temple stood on a podium more than two metres above the surrounding courtyard, approached by a flight of steps. On the approach there were four large, fluted Corinthian columns supporting a frieze and decorated pediment above. The pediment, parts of which are displayed in the museum, is the triangular ornamental section,  wide and  from the apex to the bottom, above the pillars on the front of the building. It featured the powerful central image of a possible "Gorgon" head glowering down from a height of  on all who approached the temple.

The great head itself has snakes entwined within its beard, wings above its ears, beetling brows and a heavy moustache. Although there is some disagreement about what this really represents (as Gorgons are usually female), most scholars have converged toward viewing it as a deliberate syncretism of Minerva's Gorgon attribute with the face of a local god who presided over the waters of the nearby sacred spring. The central head has also variously been interpreted as the image of a water god such as Oceanus, or a local Celtic god of the sun. Besides the Gorgon head, the pediment's artistic motif has more recently also been compared to the Jupiter-Ammon clipei found throughout Roman fora and which sometimes depicted local river gods in Celtic provinces.

In early 2010 various stones on the pediment were conserved and rearranged. In 2016, planning permission was received for a new learning centre aimed at schoolchildren and linked to the baths by a tunnel. Funding is being sought from the Heritage Lottery Fund and, if successful, it is hoped the centre will open in 2019.

Preservation

The late 19th century carvings of Roman Emperors and Governors of Roman Britain on the terrace overlooking the Great Bath are particularly susceptible to the effect of acid rain and are protected with a wash of a sacrificial shelter coat every few years. Exhibits within the temple precincts are susceptible to warm air which had the effect of drawing corrosive salts out of the Roman stonework. To help reduce this, a new ventilation system was installed in 2006.

In 2009 a grant of £90,000 was made to Bath and North East Somerset Council to contribute towards the cost of re-developing displays and improving access to the Roman Baths, by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport/Wolfson Fund, which was established to promote improvements in Museums and Galleries in England.  Subsequent grants have funded further work on the exhibition design and layout by London-based specialist firm, Event Communications.

Gallery

See also
 List of Roman public baths

References

External links

Official website
Conservation work within the baths.
BBC 360 degree panorama
360 degree virtual Panomorphic Tour of the museum.
History of Bath's Spa.

Ancient Roman baths in England
Grade I listed buildings in Bath, Somerset
Grade I listed museum buildings
Holy wells in England
Museums in Bath, Somerset
Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom
Baths
Roman religious sites in England
Scheduled monuments in Bath and North East Somerset
Bath
Temples of Minerva

Roman Baths (Bath)


Maurus von Salerno (* um 1130 in Süditalien, wahrscheinlich Kalabrien; † 1214 in Salerno) war ein italienischer Arzt und medizinischer Schriftsteller. Als Hochschullehrer war er einer der berühmtesten Ärzte der Medizinschule von Salerno.

Er stammte aus einer wohlangesehenen Familie aus Süditalien. Sein Schüler Gilles de Corbeil bezeichnet ihn in seinem "de laudibus compositorium" als "Landsmann" von Urso von Kalabrien, was darauf schließen lässt, dass Maurus ebenfalls aus Kalabrien stammte.

Er studierte an der Schule von Salerno etwa zwischen 1150 und 1160 bei Matthaeus Platearius († 1161) und Petrus Musandinus, dem Schüler und Nachfolger von Bartholomäus von Salerno und lehrte in leitender Funktion Medizin an der Schule von Salerno von etwa 1165 bis etwa 1200. In seinem Werk Phlebotomia (bzw. De Flebotomia) nahm er eine Bearbeitung des als Phlebotomia Hippocratis bezeichneten, im Textkern bis ins 8. Jahrhundert zurückgehenden und im Mittelalter weitverbreiteten pseudo-hippokratischen Aderlass-Traktats auf, mit der er auch die Blutschau (Krankheitsprognose und -diagnose aus dem Blut) als Standardmethode in die Medizin einführte. Seine Bearbeitung wurde auch in deutschsprachigen Texten (etwa im 'Arzneibuch' des Ortolf von Baierland und im sogenannten 'Oberdeutschen Aderlaßbüchel') des Spätmittelalters überliefert.
Seine um 1160 am Golf von Neapel entwickelte Harnlehre, die Regulae urinarum, befasst sich als Harnregionenlehre vor allem mit der Harnschau und wurde ab 1180 (in Thüringen oder Meißen) ins Deutsche übersetzt. Übersetzungen in weitere Sprachen und Rückübersetzungen ins Lateinische folgten.

Literatur
 Morris H. Saffron: Maurus of Salerno. Philadelphia 1972 (= Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Neue Folge 62, 1).
 Faith Wallis: Maurus of Salerno. In: Thomas F. Glick, Steven John Livesey, Faith Wallis: Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Routledge Chapman & Hall, New York u. a. 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, S. 334. (englisch)
 Gundolf Keil: Maurus von Salerno. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin/ New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4, S. 897 f.

Einzelnachweise

Mediziner des Mittelalters
Hochschullehrer (Schule von Salerno)
Autor
Historische Person (Italien)
Geboren im 12. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1214
Mann

Maurus von Salerno


Lewis Thomas (November 25, 1913 – December 3, 1993) was an American physician, poet, etymologist, essayist, administrator, educator, policy advisor, and researcher.

Life and career
Thomas was born in Flushing, New York and attended Princeton University and Harvard Medical School. He became Dean of Yale Medical School and New York University School of Medicine, and President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute.  His formative years as an independent medical researcher were at Tulane University School of Medicine.

He was invited to write regular essays in the New England Journal of Medicine. One collection of those essays, The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (1974), won annual National Book Awards in two categories, Arts and Letters and The Sciences (both awards were split).
(He also won a Christopher Award for that book.) Two other collections of essays (originally published in NEJM and elsewhere) were The Medusa and the Snail and Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony. In its first paperback edition, The Medusa and the Snail won another National Book Award in Science.

His autobiography, The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine Watcher, is a record of a century of medicine and the changes which occurred in it. He also published a book on etymology titled Et Cetera, Et Cetera, poems, and numerous scientific papers.

Many of his essays discuss relationships among ideas or concepts using etymology as a starting point.  Others concern the cultural implications of scientific discoveries and the growing awareness of ecology. In his essay on Mahler's Ninth Symphony, Thomas addresses the anxieties produced by the development of nuclear weapons.  Thomas is often quoted, given his notably eclectic interests and superlative prose style.

Thomas was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1961), the United States National Academy of Sciences (1972), and the American Philosophical Society (1976). The Lewis Thomas Prize is awarded annually by The Rockefeller University to a scientist for artistic achievement.
He died in 1993 of Waldenstrom's disease, a rare lymphoma-like cancer.

Books

The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher, 1974, Viking Press: , Penguin Books, 1995 reprint:
The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher, 1979, Viking Press: , Penguin Books, 1995 reprint:
Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony, 1983, Viking Press: , Penguin Books, 1995 reprint:
The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine-Watcher, 1983, Viking: , Penguin Books, 1995 reprint:
Et Cetera, Et Cetera: Notes of a Word-Watcher, 1990. Little Brown & Co , Welcome Rain, 2000
The Fragile Species, 1992, Scribner, , Simon & Schuster, 1996 paperback:

Notes

References

External links
 Succinct review of Thomas' life and of the books listed above.
Gerald Weissmann, "Lewis Thomas", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2004)

1913 births
1993 deaths
Etymologists
American people of Welsh descent
American science writers
American medical writers
National Book Award winners
Physicians from New York City
Princeton University alumni
Harvard Medical School alumni
Yale University faculty
New York University faculty
20th-century American poets
20th-century American essayists
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center faculty

Lewis Thomas


Anadolu Hisarı, Anadolu Hisarı Kalesi veya diğer adıyla Güzelce Hisarı, İstanbul'un Beykoz ilçesinin Anadoluhisarı semtinde, Göksu Deresi'nin İstanbul Boğazı'na döküldüğü yerde yer alan bir Osmanlı kalesi.

Anadolu hisarı, 7.000 metrekarelik bir alan üzerine, Boğazın en dar noktası olan 660 metre mesafedeki bölgesine 1395 yılında, Yıldırım Bayezid tarafından inşa edilmiştir. Cenevizliler, Bizans'la birlik olup Karadeniz'de (Kefe, Sinop ve Amasra'da) koloniler kurmuşlardı. Bu sebeple, boğaz geçişi Cenevizliler için hayati önem taşımaktaydı. Aynı durum Osmanlılar için de söz konusuydu. Karşı sahilde, İstanbul'un Avrupa yakasında bulunan Rumeli Hisarı ise, 1451-1452 yılları arasında II. Mehmed tarafından, bu yabancı ülkelerin gemilerinin geçişlerini denetim altında tutabilmek amacıyla inşa ettirilmiştir. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, Rumeli Hisarı'nı yaptırırken bu kaleye dış surlar ekletmiştir.

Anadolu Hisarı, iç ve dış kale ile bu kalelerin surlarından oluşur. İç kale, dikdörtgen biçimindeki dört katlı bir kuledir. İlk yapıldığında, bir giriş kapısı bulunmadığı için, kuleye iç kale surlarına uzanan bir asma köprüden giriliyordu. Üst katlarına da içerideki ahşap merdivenlerle çıkılıyordu.

İç kale surları, dış kalenin kuzeydoğu ve kuzeybatı köşelerini birleştirir. Bu surlar üç metre kalınlığındadır. İç surlarla birleşen dış kale surlarının üzerinde birçok kemer ve surları korumak için yapılmış üç kule bulunur. Asıl kalenin surları doğu-batı yönünde 65 metre; kuzey-güney yönünde 80 metre boyunca uzanır. Surların kalınlığı 2.5 metredir. Dış surlarda topların yerleştirildiği menfezler bulunur. Anadolu Hisarı'nın asıl kalesinde ve iç surlarında, araları harçla doldurulmuş blok taşlar kullanılmıştır.

Anadolu Hisarı, İstanbul'un Fethinden sonra askeri önemini yitirmiş, çevresi zamanla bir yerleşim bölgesi durumuna gelmiştir. Bugün bazı bölümleri yıkık olan Anadolu Hisarı'nın ortasından yol geçmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Konstantinopolis Surları

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.istanbul.gov.tr*
 Anadoluhisari : Local web site of Anadoluhisari
 Uzaydan Anadolu Hisarı

Osmanlı kaleleri
Hisarlar
İstanbul'un Fethi
İstanbul'daki kaleler
Beykoz'daki müzeler
Osmanlı tahkimatları

Anadolu Hisarı


Die Cooper Developmental Road ist eine Fernverkehrsstraße im Südwesten des australischen Bundesstaates Queensland. Sie verläuft in Südwest-Nordost-Richtung und hat eine Länge von 229 km. Sie ist verbindet die Bulloo Developmental Road bei Nockatunga mit der Diamantina Developmental Road in Naretha.

Die Straße ist nach dem Cooper Creek benannt, der ca. 70–100 km westlich in etwa parallel verläuft.

Verlauf
Unmittelbar westlich des Wilson River führt die Cooper Developmental Road zunächst 7 km nach Nordwesten. In diesem Bereich heißt sie auch Adventure Way. Diese Straße zweigt dann nach Westen ab und überquert den Cooper Creek Richtung Grenze zu South Australia, während die Cooper Developmental Road nach Norden weiterführt. Bei Bundeena führt sie zunächst nach Osten und dann nach Nordosten zwischen der McGregor Range und der Grey Range hindurch nach Eromanga

Von Eromanga aus führt die Straße weiter nach Osten, Richtung Quilpie. Bei Naretha trifft sie auf die Diamantina Developmental Road.

Bis auf ein ca. 10 km langes Stück südlich von Bellalie ist die Straße durchgängig befestigt.

Literatur
Steve Parish: Australian Touring Atlas. Steve Parish Publishing. Archerfield QLD 2007. ISBN 978-1-74193-232-4. S. 18 + 19

Straße in Queensland
Straße in Australien und Ozeanien

Cooper Developmental Road


هنا قائمة بالبطولات الأسترالية لكرة المضرب, المعروفة الآن باسم أستراليا المفتوحة لسنة 1963:

الكبار

فردي رجال

 روي إيمرسون هزم  كين فليتشر 6-3 6-3 6-1

فردي سيدات

 مارغريت كورت هزم  جان ليهان 6-2, 6-2

مراجع

أحداث يناير 1963 الرياضية
البطولات الأسترالية حسب السنة
بطولة أستراليا لكرة المضرب حسب السنة
كرة مضرب أسترالية في 1963
أحداث يناير 1963 الرياضية في أستراليا

البطولات الأسترالية 1963 (كرة مضرب)


Dakh est un lieu de théâtre et de musique indépendant situé à Kiev, en Ukraine, dans la rue Velyka Vasylkivska, près de la station de métro Lybidska . Le théâtre a ouvert ses portes en 1994 et son premier directeur était Vladimir Ohloblin. Depuis son ouverture, le théâtre a accueilli de nombreux groupes, dont DakhaBrakha, Dakh Daughters, NovaOpera et CESHO. Aujourd'hui, le théâtre est dirigé par Vladislav Troïtsky.

Informations générales
Le théâtre Dakh est situé dans le quartier Holosiivskyi sur la place Lybidska près de la station de métro Lybidska. Le théâtre est situé au rez-de-chaussée d'un immeuble à plusieurs étages.

Des représentations en russe et en ukrainien sont présentées dans le théâtre.

Histoire
Le théâtre Dakh a été ouvert le  par Vladislav Troitsky, qui à l'époque ne lie pas son destin à l'intention de s'engager sérieusement dans le théâtre et l'art.

Le premier directeur du Théâtre Dakh est Volodymyr Ogloblin (1915-2005).

En 2004, l'ethno-groupe DahaBrakha est fondé.

Depuis 2007, CSM « DAKH » est le principal organisateur du festival international d'art contemporain GogolFest.

En 2012, le groupe Dakh Daughters est créé.

En 2016, la rave sociale du groupe CESHO est révélée.

Notes et références

Théâtre ukrainien
Salle de théâtre à Kiev

Dakh


O Jardim dos Ipês é um bairro localizado no município de Sumaré no Estado de São Paulo. O bairro possui uma população de 4.252 habitantes segundo levantamentos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
(IBGE) em 2010. Jardim dos Ipês é um loteamento aberto adquirido pela Setpar Empreendimentos, em 2004. Bairro residencial localizado em Sumaré, na Região Metropolitana de Campinas com área de 69 mil m² e 266 terrenos.

História
O loteamento possui transporte público muito elevado que atende a população com ônibus com destino ao Centro de Sumaré e Campinas, UNICAMP e Shopping Dom Pedro I. A localização é um dos pontos fortes do Jardim dos Ipês. O loteamento está localizado na divisa entre Sumaré e Paulínia, muito próximo a shoppings, hipermercados, farmácias, creches, escolas, postos de saúde e home centers e grandes empresas como a Honda, Pirelli, Planmar Indústria e 3M do Brasil.

O bairro possui uma localização excelente na Microrregião de Campinas. Localizado a 9 minutos da Rodovia Anhanguera e vizinho ao Parque Bom Retiro, o bairro possui fácil acesso pelas ruas José Elpídio de Oliveira, José Gomes de Oliveira e ao acesso para Paulínia.

Infraestrutura
Também conta com galerias de drenagem fluvial e drenagem de águas fluviais com saneamento, redes de esgoto nas paredes de esgoto e ligações também com pavimentação e guias e também redes de serjeta com asfalto, pavimentação de acabamento em asfalto, redes de água nos muros e pontos de ligação de calçada nos lotes. A iluminação do loteamento está em fase final, com iluminação pública em todo o lote. O loteamento também tem grande importância em relação ao Meio Ambiente com área verde nas ruas, praças e áreas verdes do empreendimento.

Ligações externas

Bairros de Sumaré
Bairros do estado de São Paulo

Jardim dos Ipês (Sumaré)


Karl Wilhelm Hecht, né le  à Ansbach et mort le  à Linz, est un graveur sur bois et aquafortiste.

Biographie
Wilhelm Hecht naît le  à Ansbach.
Deuxième fils de Friedrich Hecht, après avoir terminé l'école primaire, Wilhelm Hecht fréquente l'école des arts et métiers d'Ansbach.

Il apprend l'art de la gravure sur bois de 1857 à 1859 chez le sculpteur Döring à Nuremberg. Il est formé de 1860 à 1863 à l'institut artistique de J. J. Weber à Leipzig, vit à Berlin, de 1865 à 1868 à Stuttgart, où il est élève de Closs et de Ruff. Il établit son propre atelier en 1868 à Munich au 6 Jägerstraße. En 1884 ou en 1885, il s'installe à Vienne, où il dirige un atelier de gravure et de xylographie.  À la retraite, Wilhelm Hecht vit à Graz, Munich et, après 1912, à Linz.

Wilhelm Hecht meurt en  à Linz.

Œuvre

Il se distingue particulièrement dans la gravure en fac-similé d'après des dessins. Une commande de la Gesellschaft für vervielfältigende Kunst de Vienne pour l'exécution de quelques gravures sur bois d'après les tableaux de la Schackgalerie de Munich l'incite à s'essayer à l'eau-forte, à laquelle il se consacre entièrement par la suite.

Il grave avec grand succès d'après Schwind, Böcklin, Lenbach, Rottmann, Schleich, van Dyck et Jan van Scorel et réalise deux eaux-fortes originales : L'empereur Guillaume et le roi Louis de Bavière en tenue de l'ordre de Saint Georg (cette dernière est d'une taille inhabituelle), et fait preuve d'une grande habileté dans l'arrangement pictural.

Wilhelm Hecht réalise des gravures sur bois, entre autres pour les Contes de l'enfance et du foyer des frères Grimm, le Faust de Goethe (d'après Alexander von Liezen-Mayer), le Lied von der Glocke de Schiller (également d'après Sándor Liezen-Mayer) et pour La Cruche cassée (d'après ).

Parmi ses gravures, on peut citer : d'après Murillo, Le Mangeur de melon et les garçons lançant des dés (Pinacothèque de Munich), la Vierge à l'Enfant (idem), d'après Lenbach, un portrait en buste de Moltke, un portrait de l'empereur Guillaume Ier et du roi Louis de Bavière dans l'ordre de Saint-Georges. Parmi ses excellentes réalisations en gravure sur bois moderne, nous soulignons : la reine Henrietta d'Angleterre d'après van Dyck.

Il collabore à diverses revues.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .
  Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. Leben und Werke der berühmtesten bildenden Künstler , édition remaniée et complétée jusqu'à l'époque la plus récente, préparé par Hermann Alexander Müller. Dir. de Hans Wolfgang Singer. Vol. 2, Frankfort-sur-le-Main : Rütten & Loening, 1896, p. 144 (lire en ligne).
  Thomas Stettner, Wilhelm Hecht, der letzte Holzschnittmeister, der große Radierer, Sonderdruck aus Fränkische Zeitung, 1930.
 .
  Eva-Maria Hanebutt-Benz, Studien zum deutschen Holzstich im 19. Jahrhundert Frankfort-sur-le-Main : Buchhändler-Vereinigung, 1984 , p. 1060, 1202.

Liens externes

Naissance à Ansbach
Naissance en mars 1843
Décès à Linz
Décès en mars 1920
Décès à 76 ans
Graveur allemand du XIXe siècle
Graveur allemand du XXe siècle
Aquafortiste allemand

Wilhelm Hecht


Potato bug may refer to:

Species
 Armadillidium vulgare, a species of woodlouse
 Colorado potato beetle
 Jerusalem cricket, an insect

Other uses
 Potato Bug, a character in The Mr. Potato Head Show
 A style of mandolin with a body constructed of contrasting woods, resembling the striped markings of the potato beetle

Animal common name disambiguation pages

Potato bug


Vulkanisering (af vulcanus, med hentydning til, at der bruges varme, tryk og svovl) er en proces, hvorved gummis elastiske egenskaber bliver genoprettet, forbedret eller forøget under høje temperaturer. Processen har navn efter den romerske ildgud Vulkan.

Processen blev patenteret i 1843 af den britiske opfinder Thomas Hancock.

Referencer
Den Store Danske Encyklopædi: vulkanisering

Kemiske processer
Begivenheder i 1837

Vulkanisering


ميدان الحدادة أحد الميادين الثلاثة في مدينة بنغازي الليبية التي كانت موجودة قبل الغزو الإيطالي. يقع الميدان أمام سوق الظلام وغرب سوق الجريد ويوجد غربه ميدان البلدية والمسجد العتيق ويوجد به مسجد الحدادة الذي أسس عام 1820.

المصادر

معالم بنغازي

ميدان الحدادة


Bozouls (okzitanisch: Boason) ist ein südfranzösischer Ort und eine Gemeinde (commune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Aveyron in der Kulturlandschaft der Rouergue in der Region Okzitanien (bis 2015 Midi-Pyrénées); sie gehört zum Arrondissement Rodez und zum Kanton Causse-Comtal. Zur Gemeinde gehören mehrere Weiler (hameaux).

Lage und Klima
Die Gemeinde liegt in den südwestlichen Ausläufern des Zentralmassivs im Norden der Causse du Comtal, rund 23 km (Fahrtstrecke) nordöstlich der Stadt Rodez in einer Höhe von ca. . Das Gemeindegebiet wird von Südost nach Nordwest vom Flüsschen Dourdou de Conques durchquert, der tiefe Schluchten in das Karstgestein der Causse gegraben hat (Gorges du Dourdou). Der Ort Bozouls selbst liegt an einer engen Flussschlinge des Dourdou de Conques, wobei sich die Burg mit der Altstadt innerhalb der Flussschleife auf dem linken Flussufer, das restliche Stadtgebiet auf dem rechten Ufer befindet, wo sich die Häuser bis an die Kante der über 100 m hohen Steilklippe erstrecken. Das Klima ist gemäßigt bis warm; Regen (ca. 540 mm/Jahr) fällt überwiegend im Winterhalbjahr.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Aufgrund der Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft sowie der Aufgabe bäuerlicher Kleinbetriebe ("Höfesterben") ist die Einwohnerzahl der Gemeinde in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts deutlich zurückgegangen. Wegen der Nähe zur Stadt Rodez ist jedoch in den letzten Jahrzehnte ein erneuter Anstieg der Einwohnerzahlen festzustellen.

Wirtschaft
In früheren Zeiten lebten die Bewohner als Selbstversorger von den Erträgen ihrer Felder und Gärten. Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts hat der überregionale Handel deutlich zugenommen.

Geschichte
Das Gemeindegebiet war bereits in vorgeschichtlicher Zeit besiedelt. Im Mittelalter entstanden mehrere kleine Dörfer oder Weiler, die bereits im 18. Jahrhundert zu Gemeinden zusammengefasst wurden. Der Ort liegt an einer über Rodez und Albi nach Toulouse führenden Nebenstrecke des Jakobswegs (Via Podiensis), was in früheren Zeiten Pilger und damit ein wenig Geld in den Ort brachte.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Das unmittelbar beim Ort gelegene Trou de Bozouls ist eine ca. 400 m im Durchmesser umfassende und ca. 100 m tiefe kreisrunde Einbruchstelle im Karstgebiet, die zum Teil vom Fluss Dourdou geschaffen wurde. Auf dem mittigen Felsen entstanden ein Teil des Dorfes und die und die Église Sainte-Fauste.
 Die Église Saint-Fauste stammt aus dem 12. Jahrhundert; sie ist tonnengewölbt und besitzt einen Chorumgang. Auf der Südseite wurden nachträglich 5 Kapellen angebaut. Die Kirche ist als Monument historique anerkannt.
Umgebung
 Der Dolmen de la Fontaine-aux-Chiens (auch Dolmen de Madinhac) ist ein weitgehend zerstörtes Großsteingrab aus der Megalithkultur.
 Die Église d'Aboul ist eine Kirche aus dem 12. Jahrhundert im Weiler Aboul. Auch sie ist als Monument historique eingestuft.
 Die Grange monastique de Séveyrac ist eine befestigte Grangie des Zisterzienser-Klosters Bonneval aus dem Mittelalter im Weiler Séveyrac. Sie ist als Monument historique anerkannt.

Persönlichkeiten
 Denys Puech (1854–1942), Bildhauer
 Richard Belzer (1944–2023), US-amerikanischer Komiker und Schauspieler, lebte ab den 1980er Jahren in Bozouls

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Okzitanien
Stadt in Frankreich

Bozouls


Noel Rosa e Aracy de Almeida é um conjunto de dois álbuns (com discos de 78 rotações) da cantora brasileira Aracy de Almeida, lançados entre 1950 e 1951, com canções de Noel Rosa. As faixas do primeiro álbum (e duas do segundo) foram posteriormente reunidas em Aracy de Almeida Apresenta Sambas de Noel Rosa (1954).

Em 2007, a coletânea foi incluída na lista dos 100 maiores discos da música brasileira da Rolling Stone Brasil.

Faixas

Álbum 1 (3 discos 78 rpm) - 1950

16.317-a

 "Palpite Infeliz" (Noel Rosa)
 "Conversa de Botequim" (Noel Rosa / Vadico)

16.318-a

 "Feitiço da Vila" (Noel Rosa / Vadico)
 "Último Desejo" (Noel Rosa)

16.319-a

 "Não Tem Tradução" (Noel Rosa)
 "O X do Problema" (Noel Rosa)

Álbum 2 (3 discos 78 rpm) - 1951

16.391-a

 "Pra Que Mentir (Noel Rosa / Vadico)
 "Silêncio de Um Minuto" (Noel Rosa)

16.392-a

 "Feitio de Oração" (Noel Rosa / Vadico)
 "Três Apitos" (Noel Rosa)

16.393-a

 ""Com Que Roupa" (Noel Rosa)
 "O Orvalho Vem Caindo" (Noel Rosa / Kid Pepe)

Coletânea - Aracy de Almeida Apresenta Sambas de Noel Rosa (1954) - LP10'

 "Feitiço da Vila" (Noel Rosa / Vadico)
 "Pra Que Mentir" (Noel Rosa / Vadico)
 "Último Desejo" (Noel Rosa)
 "Silêncio de Um Minuto" (Noel Rosa)
 "O X do Problema" (Noel Rosa)
 "Conversa de Botequim" (Noel Rosa / Vadico)
 "Não Tem Tradução" (Noel Rosa)
 "Palpite Infeliz" (Noel Rosa)

Álbuns em língua portuguesa
Álbuns de 1950
Álbuns de 1951
Álbuns de samba

Noel Rosa e Aracy de Almeida