Gary Edmund Carter (April 8, 1954 – February 16, 2012) was an American professional baseball catcher whose 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career was spent primarily with the Montreal Expos and New York Mets. Nicknamed "the Kid" for his youthful exuberance, Carter was named an All-Star 11 times, and was a member of the 1986 World Series Champion Mets.

Carter was known throughout his career for his hitting, excellent defense, ability to handle pitchers, and on-field leadership. He made clutch contributions to the Mets' World Series championship in 1986, including a 12th-inning single against the Houston Astros which won Game 5 of the NLCS and a 10th-inning single against the Boston Red Sox to start the comeback rally in Game 6 of the World Series.  He is one of only four people ever to be named captain of the Mets, and he had his number retired by the Expos.

After leaving the major leagues, Carter coached baseball at the college and minor-league levels.

In 2003, he was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. Carter was the first Hall of Famer whose plaque depicts him as a member of the Montreal Expos.

Early life
Carter was born in the Los Angeles suburb of Culver City in 1954 to Jim Carter, an aircraft worker, and his wife, Inge. Athletic at a young age, Carter - along with four other boys - won the 7-year-old category of the first national Punt, Pass, and Kick skills competition in 1961. A month after he turned twelve in 1966, his 37-year-old mother died of leukemia. Carter attended Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, where he played football as a quarterback, baseball as an infielder, and graduated in 1972. He also played American Legion Baseball, and was named the 1971 American Legion Graduate of the Year.

After receiving more than a hundred athletic scholarship offers, Carter signed a letter of intent to play football for the UCLA Bruins as a quarterback, but then signed with the Montreal Expos, after they selected him in the third round (53rd overall) of the 1972 Major League Baseball draft.

Playing career

Montreal Expos
Carter was drafted by the Montreal Expos as a shortstop in the third round of the 1972 Major League Baseball draft. Carter got his nickname "the Kid" during his first spring training camp with the Expos in 1974.

Rookie season
The Expos converted Carter to a catcher in the minor leagues. In 1974, he hit 23 home runs and drove in 83 runs for the Expos' Triple-A affiliate, the Memphis Blues. Following a September call-up, Carter made his major league debut in Jarry Park in Montreal in the second game of a doubleheader against the New York Mets on Monday, September 16. Despite going 0–4 in his debut game, he finished the season batting .407 (11–27). His first major league hits came in both games of an Expos sweep of another doubleheader with the Mets on September 18, as a pinch hitter in the seventh inning of the opener and as the catcher in the nightcap. His first MLB home run came on September 28 against Steve Carlton in a 3–1 victory over the visiting Philadelphia Phillies.

Carter split time between right field and catching during his rookie season (1975), and was selected for the National League All-Star team as a right fielder. He did not get an at bat, but appeared as a defensive replacement for Pete Rose in the ninth inning, and caught Rod Carew's fly ball for the final out of the NL's 6–3 victory.  In that rookie season, Carter hit .270 with 17 home runs and 68 runs batted in, receiving the Sporting News Rookie of the Year Award and finishing second to San Francisco Giants pitcher John Montefusco for the National League Rookie of the Year award.

That same year he was voted the Expos Player of the Year, which he also won in 1977, 1980, and 1984.

Expos catcher
Carter again split time in the outfield and behind the plate in 1976. Limited to 91 games by a broken finger, he batted just .219 with six home runs and 38 RBIs. In 1977, young stars Warren Cromartie, Ellis Valentine, and Andre Dawson became full-time outfielders. In mid-June, former starting catcher Barry Foote was traded to the Phillies, opening up even more starts for Carter behind the plate. With little time at other positions, he responded with 31 home runs and 84 RBIs.  In 1980, Carter hit 29 home runs, drove in 101 runs, and earned the first of three consecutive Gold Glove Awards. He finished second to third baseman Mike Schmidt in NL MVP balloting, whose Phillies took the National League East by one game over the Expos.

Carter caught Charlie Lea's no-hitter on May 10, 1981, the nightcap of a doubleheader split, during the first half of the strike shortened season.  The season resumed on Sunday, August 9, with Carter playing in the 1981 All-Star Game, his first. His two home runs earned him the game's MVP award, and made him the fifth and most recent player to hit two home runs in an All-Star Game.

MLB split the fractured 1981 season into two halves, with the first-place teams from each half in each division meeting in a best-of-five divisional playoff series. The four survivors moved on to two best-of-five League Championship Series. The Expos won the NL East's second half with a 30–23 record. In his first post-season, Carter batted .421, hit two home runs and drove in six in the Expos' three games to two victory over the Phillies in the division series. Carter's average improved to .438 in the NLCS, with no home runs or RBIs, and his Expos lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games, who won the World Series over the New York Yankees.

Pierre Elliott Trudeau, then prime minister of Canada, once remarked of Carter's popularity saying "I am certainly happy that I don't have to run for election against Gary Carter." However some Expos were put off by Carter's unabashed enthusiasm, feeling that he was too taken with his image and basked in his press coverage too eagerly, derisively naming him "Camera Carter." Andre Dawson felt Carter was "more a glory hound than a team player."

1984 season
Carter hit a home run in the 1984 All-Star Game to give the NL a 2–1 lead that they would not relinquish, earning him his second All-Star game MVP award. Carter's 106 RBIs (an NL lead), 159 games played, .294 batting average, 175 hits and 290 total bases were personal highs.

The 1984 Expos finished fifth in the NL East. At the end of the season, the rebuilding Expos chafed at Carter's salary demands and traded him in December to the Mets for Hubie Brooks, Mike Fitzgerald, Herm Winningham, and Floyd Youmans.

New York Mets

In his first game with New York on April 9, 1985, he hit a tenth-inning home run off Neil Allen to give the Mets a 6–5 Opening Day victory over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Mets and Cardinals rivaled for the National League East championship, with Carter and ex-Cardinal first baseman Keith Hernandez leading NY. The season came down to the wire as the Mets won 98 games but lost the division by three games to the Cardinals. Carter hit a career-high 32 home runs and drove in 100 runs. The Mets had three players finish in the top ten in NL MVP balloting that season (Dwight Gooden 4th, Carter 6th, and Hernandez 8th).

1986 World Series Champions

In 1986, the Mets won 108 games and took the National League East by  games over the Phillies. Carter suffered a postseason slump in the NLCS, batting .148. However, he hit a walk-off RBI single to win Game 5. Carter also had two hits in Game 6, which the Mets won in 16 innings.

The Mets won the World Series in seven games over the Boston Red Sox. Carter batted .276 with nine RBIs in his first World Series, and hit two home runs over Fenway Park's Green Monster in Game Four. He is the only player to hit two home runs in both an All-Star Game (1981) and a World Series game. Carter started a two-out rally in the tenth inning of Game 6, scoring the first of three Mets runs that inning on a single by Ray Knight. He also hit an eighth-inning sacrifice fly that tied the game.  Carter finished third on the NL MVP ballot in 1986.

1987–1988
Carter batted .235 in 1987, and ended the season with 291 career home runs. He had 299 home runs by May 16, 1988 after a fast start, then slumped until August 11 against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field when he hit his 300th. During his home run drought, Carter was named co-captain of the team with Hernandez, who had been named captain the previous season.

Carter ended 1988 with 11 home runs and 46 RBIs—his lowest totals since 1976. He ended the season with 10,360 career putouts as a catcher, breaking the career mark of Detroit Tigers catcher Bill Freehan (9,941).

The Mets won 100 games that season, taking the NL East by 15 games. Heavily favored, they were upset by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS. Carter batted .183 in 50 games for the Mets in 1989. In November, the Mets released Carter after five seasons, during which he had hit 89 home runs and drove in 349 runs.

After the Mets
Released by the Mets after the 1989 season, Carter subsequently joined the San Francisco Giants.
At age 36, he platooned with catcher Terry Kennedy in 1990, batting .254 with nine home runs. A Los Angeles Dodger in 1991, he found himself again in a pennant race, with LA  finishing one game behind the Atlanta Braves in the National League West.

At the end of the season, Carter returned to Montreal for his final season, obtained off waivers from the Dodgers. Carter was still nicknamed "the Kid" by teammates despite his age. In his last at-bat (in the seventh inning) on September 27, 1992, he hit a double over the head of Chicago Cubs right-fielder and former Expos teammate Andre Dawson. This hit drove in Larry Walker and proved to be the winning hit. After the hit, he was given a standing ovation. The Expos went 87–75 and finished second behind the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League East.

Career statistics
Over a nineteen-year major league career Carter was an eleven-time All-Star, won three Gold Glove Awards, and five Silver Sluggers. He played in 2,296 games, accumulating 2,092 hits in 7,971 at bats for a .262 career batting average, along with 324 home runs, 1,225 runs batted in, and a .335 on-base percentage. He hit 307 home runs as a catcher, ranking him seventh all-time at the position. His 1,225 career runs batted in also ranks him seventh all-time among major league catchers.

Carter's 2,056 games played as a catcher rank him fourth on the all-time list. He caught 127 shutouts during his career, ranking him sixth all-time among major league catchers in that category. He led National League catchers eight times in putouts, five times in assists and three times in baserunners caught stealing. His 810 baserunners caught stealing are the most for any major league catcher since the end of the dead-ball era, when stolen bases were more prevalent. His 11,785 putouts and 149 double plays during his playing career both rank tenth all-time among major league catchers.

Carter's .991 career fielding percentage was five points above the league average during his playing career. When he broke the 100 assists barrier in 1977, he joined Johnny Bench and Jim Sundberg as the only major league catchers to have more than 100 assists in a season since the end of World War II.

In all, Carter amassed the second highest career WAR for a catcher during his career.

Post-playing career
After his retirement as a player, Carter served as an analyst for Florida Marlins television broadcasts from 1993 to 1996. He also appeared in the movie The Last Home Run (1998) which was filmed in 1996.

Hall of Fame

Carter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his sixth year on the ballot, on January 7, 2003. He became the first Hall of Famer whose plaque depicts a player with the Montreal Expos logo.  Carter had originally expressed a preference during his final playing season to be inducted wearing an Expos cap. Given the uncertainty of the Expo franchise at the time, Carter's employment by the Mets organization since retiring as a player, his World Series title with the Mets, and his media celebrity during his stint in New York, Carter shifted his preference to be enshrined with a Mets cap after his election to the Hall. The New York City media strongly supported Carter's preference to go into the Hall as a Met. Carter joked that "he wanted his Cooperstown cap to be a half-and-halfer, split between the Expos and Mets". The final decision rested with the Hall of Fame, and Hall president Dale Petroskey declared that Carter's achievements with the Expos over twelve season had earned his induction, whereas his five seasons with the Mets by itself would not have, saying "we want to have represented on the plaque the team that best represents where a player made the biggest impact in his career. When you look at it, it's very clear. Gary Carter is an important part of the history of the Expos." Carter accepted the Hall's decision with grace, stating: "The fact I played 11 years in Montreal and the fact that the majority of my statistics and accomplishments were achieved there, it would be wrong, probably, to do it any other way." At the induction ceremony, Carter spoke some words in French, thanking fans in Montreal for the great honor and pleasure of playing in that city, while also taking great care to note the Mets' 1986 championship as the highlight of his career.

Carter was inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame in 2001. While the Mets have not retired number 8, it has remained unissued by the team since his election to the Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2001, he was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame along with Dave McKay, and his number eight was retired by the Expos. After the Expos moved to Washington, D.C. to become the Washington Nationals following the 2004 season, a banner displaying Carter's number along with those of other Expos stars Andre Dawson, Tim Raines and Rusty Staub was hung from the rafters at the Bell Centre, home of the NHL's Montreal Canadiens. In Washington, D.C., Carter is recognized in the Ring of Honor at Nationals Park.

Coaching

Carter was named Gulf Coast League Manager of the Year his first season managing the Gulf Coast Mets in 2005. A year later, he was promoted to the A-level St. Lucie Mets, and guided his team to the 2006 Florida State League championship, again earning Manager of the Year honors. In more recent years, Carter was criticized, most notably by former co-captain Keith Hernandez, for twice openly campaigning for the Mets' managerial position while it was still occupied by incumbents Art Howe in 2004, and in 2008 Willie Randolph.

In 2008, he managed the Orange County Flyers of the Golden Baseball League, guiding his team to the GBL Championship and was named Manager of the Year.

For the following season Carter was named manager of the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. The Ducks won the 2009 second half Liberty Division title, but were defeated by the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs in the Liberty Division playoffs.

In October 2009, Carter was named head baseball coach for the NCAA Division II Palm Beach Atlantic University Sailfish.

Personal life
Carter met his future wife, Sandy, when she was a student at Fullerton College.  They married in 1975. They had three children.

His daughter Kimmy was the head softball coach at Palm Beach Atlantic University and was a softball catcher for Florida State from 1999 to 2002.

Carter was an active philanthropist, and championed causes that fought leukemia and illiteracy.

The Gary Carter Foundation (of which Carter was the president) supports 8 Title I schools in Palm Beach County whose students live in poverty. Typically, these schools have 90% or more students eligible for free or reduced lunches. The Foundation seeks to "better the physical, mental and spiritual well being of children." To accomplish this, they advocate "school literacy by encouraging use of the Reading Counts Program, a program that exists in the Palm Beach County School District". Since its inception, The Gary Carter Foundation has placed over $622,000 toward charitable purposes, including $366,000 to local elementary schools for their reading programs.

The 11th edition of the Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, published in 2012, credits Carter, who rarely used profanity, with the first recorded use of the term "f-bomb."

Illness and death
In May 2011, Carter was diagnosed with four malignant tumors in his brain after experiencing headaches and forgetfulness. Doctors confirmed that he had a grade IV primary brain tumor known as glioblastoma multiforme. Doctors said that the extremely aggressive cancer was inoperable and Carter would undergo other treatment methods to shrink his tumor. On January 20, 2012, daughter Kimmy posted on her blog that an MRI had revealed additional tumors on her father's brain.  Even as he battled an aggressive form of brain cancer, Carter did not miss opening day for the college baseball team he coached.

Carter died on February 16, 2012, at the age of 57. Nine days later, the Mets announced that they were adding a memorial patch to their uniforms in Carter's honor for the entire 2012 season. The patch features a black home plate with the number 8 and "KID" inscribed on it. On the Mets' 2012 opening day, the Carter family unveiled a banner with a similar design on the center field wall of Citi Field.

The NHL's Montreal Canadiens, who had purchased the Expos' mascot Youppi! and hung retired numbers in its arena after the Expos' relocation to Washington, paid tribute to Carter by presenting a video montage and observing a moment of silence before a game against the New Jersey Devils on February 20, 2012. All Canadiens players took to the ice during pre-game warm-ups wearing number 8 Carter jerseys, and Youppi! appeared wearing an Expos uniform. In addition, Youppi! wore a patch on his Canadiens jersey featuring a white circle with a blue number 8 inside it for the remainder of the season.

Tom Verducci, longtime Sports Illustrated baseball writer, reminisced about Carter following his death, "I cannot conjure a single image of Gary Carter with anything but a smile on his face. I have no recollection of a gloomy Carter, not even as his knees began to announce a slow surrender ... Carter played every day with the joy as if it were the opening day of Little League." "Gary actually took a lot of grief from his teammates for being a straight arrow. It wasn't the cool thing to do but on the same token, I think he actually served as a role model for a lot of these guys as they aged. He was the ballast of that team. They did have a lot of fun, there's no question about that, but they were also one of the fiercest, most competitive teams I've ever seen and obviously their comebacks from the '86 postseason defines that team. Carter was a huge part of that."

At Carter's memorial service, on February 24, 2012, Expo teammate Tommy Hutton made note of Carter's deep faith. The three loves in Carter's life, Hutton said, were his family, baseball and God.

Faillon Street West in Montreal, near the former Jarry Park stadium, was renamed Gary Carter Street in his honor.

On March 28, 2014, during an exhibition game between the Toronto Blue Jays and the New York Mets at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, a banner was unveiled in honor of Carter in a special ceremony before the first pitch. Carter's widow Sandy and daughter Kimmy were present on field for an emotional video tribute and the unveiling of the banner on the outfield wall, which reads "Merci! Thank You!" and contains an image of a baseball overlaid with Carter's retired number 8.

See also

 Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame
 DHL Hometown Heroes
 Gary Carter Stadium

References

Further reading

External links

Gary Carter at Baseball Almanac
Gary Carter at Ultimate Mets Database

Gary Carter Foundation
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society

1954 births
2012 deaths
American Christians
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American sportsmen
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Culver City, California
Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Deaths from brain cancer in the United States
Deaths from glioblastoma
Florida Marlins announcers
Gold Glove Award winners
Long Island Ducks coaches
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball All-Star Game MVPs
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball players with retired numbers
Memphis Blues players
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos announcers
Montreal Expos players
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
National League All-Stars
National League RBI champions
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
Baseball players from Palm Beach County, Florida
Peninsula Whips players
Québec Carnavals players
San Francisco Giants players
Silver Slugger Award winners
Tidewater Tides players
West Palm Beach Expos players

Gary Carter


Ulsnæs Sogn (på tysk Kirchspiel Ulsnis) er et sogn i det sydlige Angel i Sydslesvig i Slis Herred (Gottorp Amt), nu i kommunerne Stenfelt og Ulsnæs i Slesvig-Flensborg Kreds i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

I Ulsnæs Sogn findes flg. stednavne:
 Affergynt (Affegünt)
 Brendsdige (også Brensdige, Bremsdieck)
 Bredbølskov (Brebelholz)
 Dalager (Dallacker)
 Dytnæs (Dutnis)
 Gundeby (Gunneby)
 Hagab
 Hestoft
 Høgmølle
 Høgmose
 Kalkær el. Kallekjær (Kalkjer)
 Kallekjærgaard
 Kirkeskov
 Kjus (Kius) med Kjus Skov
 Kjusbæk
 Kjusvej
 Knabretmark (Knapperfelt)
 Krog
 Langholt
 Skovkær (Schukjer)
 Smedeland
 Stenfelt
 Trebjerg (Treberg)
 Ulsnæs (Ulsnis)
 Vakkerød (Wackerade)

Litteratur
 M. Mørk Hansen: Kirkelig Statistik over Slesvig Stift: Med historiske og topografiske bemærkninger, bind 2, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 420
 Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 527

Eksterne henvisninger
 Borne og Ulsnæs Menighed / Kirchengemeinde Boren und Ulsnis

Sogne i Sydslesvig

Ulsnæs Sogn


කුඩා බෝල වර්ගයකි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් වීදුරු වලින් සාදන මේවා බොහෝවිට ළමුන් සෙල්ලම් කිරීමෙදී යොදාගනී.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 ජිල් බෝල ගැසීම

බෝල

ටීක් බෝල


Margit L. McCorkle, geb. Lundstrom (* 28. März 1942 in Madison (Tennessee)) ist eine US-amerikanische Musikwissenschaftlerin und Pianistin, die sich insbesondere mit Werkverzeichnissen von Robert Schumann und Johannes Brahms große Verdienste erwarb. Sie lebt in Vancouver.

Leben

In den USA geboren, übersiedelte Margit L. McCorkle 1972 mit ihrem Ehemann Donald M. McCorkle (1929–1978), Professor und Leiter des Music Department der University of British Columbia, nach Vancouver. Sie begann ihre Berufsausbildung als Konzertpianistin und Cembalistin und erweiterte diese durch ein  Ph.D.-Studium der Musikwissenschaft und Musikbibliographie an der University of Maryland.  Dort hatten die McCorkles gemeinsame Quellenstudien zur Musik von Johannes Brahms unternommen, die sie 1966 bis 1978 in Vancouver fortsetzten.

Nach dem Tod ihres Ehemannes begann sie mit der Erstellung eines grundlegenden wissenschaftlichen thematischen Verzeichnisses sämtlicher Werke von Johannes Brahms unter der Schirmherrschaft der University of  British Columbia, Faculty of Arts. Dieses umfangreiche Projekt wurde durch namhafte Forschungsmittel der Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council of Canada gefördert und führte schließlich zur Veröffentlichung des Werkverzeichnisses durch den G. Henle Verlag in München im Jahre 1984. Zwei Jahre später wurde ihr "in Anerkennung ihrer besonderen Verdienste um die deutsche Musikliteratur"  von der Bundesrepublik Deutschland das Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande verliehen.

1989 wurde McCorkle ermutigt, auch ein grundlegendes wissenschaftliches Verzeichnis aller Werke Robert Schumanns in Angriff  zu nehmen, diesmal unter der Schirmherrschaft der Robert-Schumann-Gesellschaft/-Forschungsstelle in Düsseldorf und Zwickau, das von der Peter-Klöckner-Stiftung (Duisburg) gefördert wurde. Bereits 2003 konnte dieses große Projekt als eine gemeinsame Publikation der Verlage G. Henle, München, und Schott Music International, Mainz, im Druck erscheinen. McCorkle wurde dafür 2007 mit dem Robert-Schumann-Preis der Stadt Zwickau (als Co-Preisträgerin) geehrt.

Margit L. McCorkle ist bis heute die einzige unter den Musikwissenschaftlern und -bibliographen, die als Lebenswerk zwei grundlegende Werkverzeichnisse großer klassischer Komponisten vorlegte.

Zu ihrer Bibliographie sind seit 1973 weitere Monographien, Artikel und wissenschaftliche Beiträge zu zählen, zu denen sie von internationalen Konferenzen oder für Publikationen im Zusammenhang mit Brahms oder Schumann aufgefordert wurde. Daneben war sie mit redaktionellen und editorischen Arbeiten zur Veröffentlichung von Musikwerken bzw. Faksimiles von Musikhandschriften von Brahms und Schumann betraut. Ihre gegenwärtigen wissenschaftlichen Aktivitäten gelten der englischen Übersetzung von deutschsprachigen wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen zu laufenden textkritischen Gesamtausgaben der Werke von Robert Schumann und Carl Maria von Weber (Schott Music International). Für jeden der beiden Komponisten hat sie  jeweils  mehr als ein Dutzend Bände bearbeitet. Ferner ist sie als Fachübersetzerin für die Musikverlage G. Henle (München) und Breitkopf & Härtel (Wiesbaden) tätig.

Auszeichnungen
 1986 Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
 2007 Robert-Schumann-Preis der Stadt Zwickau.

Schriften

Bücher
 Johannes Brahms. Thematisch-Bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis. Henle, München 1984, ISBN 3-87328-041-8.
 Robert Schumann. Thematisch-Bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis. Henle/ Schott, München/ Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-87328-110-4.

Aufsätze (Auswahl)
 mit Donald McCorkle: Five Fundamental Obstacles in Brahms Source Research. In: Acta Musicologica. Band 48, 1976, S. 253ff.
 Die erhaltenen Quellen der Werke von Johannes Brahms. Autographe – Abschriften – Korrekturabzüge. In: Martin Bente (Hrsg.): Musik, Edition, Interpretation. Gedenkschrift Günther Henle. Henle, München 1980, ISBN 3-87328-032-9, S. 338–354.
 Die "Hanslick"-Walzer Opus 39. In: Susanne Antonicek, Otto Biba (Hrsg.): Kongressbericht, Brahms-Kongress Wien 1983. Schneider, Tutzing 1988, S. 379–386.
 The Role of Trial Performances for Brahms's Orchestral and Large Choral Works: Sources and Circumstances. In: George S. Bozarth  (Hrsg.): Brahms Studies I. Oxford 1990, S. 295–330.
 Von Brahms zu Schumann oder Reflexionen über das Erstellen von Werkverzeichnissen. In: Ute Bär (Hrsg.): Robert Schumann und die französische Romantik. Bericht über das 5. Internationale Schumann-Symposium der Robert-Schumann-Gesellschaft am 9. und 10. Juli 1994 in Düsseldorf. Schott, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-7957-0335-2, S. 265–274.
 When Did Schumann Find Time to Compose? – Some Biographical Observations from a Bibliographical Project. In: Schumanniana nova. Festschrift Gerd Nauhaus zum 60. Geburtstag. Studio-Verlag, Sinzig 2002, S. 487–498.

Weblinks

Schumann-Forscher
Klassischer Pianist
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Robert-Schumann-Preisträger
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1942
Frau

Margit L. McCorkle


Randy Mario Poffo (November 15, 1952 – May 20, 2011), better known by his ring name "Macho Man" Randy Savage, was an American professional wrestler best known for his time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

Savage was described by sportswriter Bill Simmons as "one of the greatest pro wrestlers who ever lived"—a statement echoed by multiple industry performers. He was recognizable by wrestling fans for his distinctively flamboyant ring attire and raspy voice, intensity exhibited in and out of the ring, use of the finale from "Pomp and Circumstance March no. 1" by Elgar as his entrance music, and signature catchphrase, "Oooh yeah!" For most of his tenures in the WWF and WCW, Savage was managed by his real-life wife, Miss Elizabeth Hulette.

Savage had six world championship reigns during his 32-year career, including two as WWF World Heavyweight Champion and four as WCW World Heavyweight Champion. As WWF Champion, he held similar drawing power as Hulk Hogan. A one-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion, he was named by WWE as the greatest titleholder of all time and credited for bringing "a higher level of credibility to the title through his amazing in-ring performances".

Savage was the 1987 WWF King of the Ring and the 1995 WCW World War 3 winner. He headlined many pay-per-view events throughout his career, including WrestleManias IV, V, and VIII (being part of a double main event at VIII), two of the first five SummerSlam shows, and 1995 Starrcade. He was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame upon its inception in 1996, with a posthumous WWE Hall of Fame induction following in 2015.

Early life
Randy Poffo was born on November 15, 1952, in Columbus, Ohio, the eldest son of Judy (Sverdlin) and Angelo Poffo. His father was Italian American and his mother was Jewish American; Poffo was raised Catholic. Randy's father was a well-known wrestler in the 1950s and 1960s, and his younger brother Lanny Poffo also went into wrestling.

The Poffo family lived in Zanesville, Ohio, where Randy attended Grover Cleveland Middle School. He graduated from Downers Grove North High School in the Chicago suburb of Downers Grove, Illinois. Poffo later moved to Staten Island, New York, before moving to Lexington, Kentucky, where he lived for many years. He was an alumnus of Southern Illinois University–Carbondale.

Baseball career
Savage was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals organization as a catcher out of high school. He was placed in the minor leagues to develop, where he mostly played as an outfielder in the Cardinals and Cincinnati Reds farm systems. Savage was 18 when he began playing minor league baseball; one of his teammates on the 1971 Gulf Coast League Cardinals was Larry Herndon, who was also his roommate. Savage would swing a bat into a hanging car tire to strengthen his hands and utilize his legs during swings. The technique was so effective that Herndon used it during his career as a baseball coach. Savage injured his natural (right) throwing shoulder after a collision at home plate, and he learned to throw with his left arm instead. Savage's last season was 1974, when he played for the Class A Tampa Tarpons in the Reds organization. He played 289 games over four minor league seasons, batting .254 with 16 home runs and 129 RBI.

Professional wrestling career

Early career (19731985)

Savage first broke into the wrestling business in 1973 during the fall and winter of the baseball off season. His first wrestling character, The Spider, was similar to Spider-Man. He later took the ring name Randy Savage at the suggestion of his longtime friend and trainer Terry "The Goose" Stephens and Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW) booker Ole Anderson, who said that the name Poffo did not fit someone who "wrestled like a savage". Savage eventually decided to end his stalled baseball career and join his father and brother to wrestle full time. He wrestled his first match against Midwest Territory wrestler "Golden Boy" Paul Christy. Savage worked with his father and brother in Michigan, the Carolinas, Georgia, the Maritimes, and the eastern Tennessee territory run by Nick Gulas.

After a while, his father felt that his sons were not getting the pushes they deserved so he started the "outlaw" International Championship Wrestling (ICW) promotion in the mid-American states. Eventually, ICW disbanded and Randy and Lanny entered the Memphis scene, joining Jerry Lawler's Continental Wrestling Association (their former competitors). While there, Savage feuded with Lawler over the AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship. He also teamed with Lanny to battle The Rock 'n' Roll Express; this feud included a match on June 25, 1984, in Memphis, where in the storyline, Savage injured Ricky Morton by piledriving him through the timekeeper's table, leading to the Express winning by disqualification. Later in 1984, Savage turned babyface and allied with Lawler against Jimmy Hart's First Family alliance, only to turn heel on Lawler again in early 1985 and resume the feud with him over the title. This ended when Lawler beat Savage in a Loser Leaves Town match on June 7 in Memphis, Tennessee.

World Wrestling Federation (1985–1994)

Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion (1985–1987)
In June 1985, Savage signed with Vince McMahon's World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He made his WWF debut on the July 6 episode of Championship Wrestling, defeating local competitor Aldo Marino. Billed as "the top free agent in pro wrestling", Savage's first appearances on Tuesday Night Titans featured several established managers (including Bobby "The Brain" Heenan, Jimmy Hart, Mr. Fuji, Johnny Valiant, and "Classy" Freddie Blassie) offering their services to Savage. He declined their offers and chose Miss Elizabeth as his new manager on the August 24 episode of Championship Wrestling. His gimmick was a crazed, ego-maniacal bully who mistreated Miss Elizabeth and threatened anyone who even looked at her. He made his pay-per-view (PPV) debut for a 16-man tournament at The Wrestling Classic on November 7, defeating Ivan Putski, Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat, and the Dynamite Kid before losing via countout in the finals to Junkyard Dog.

In late 1985, Savage started a feud with then Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion Tito Santana over that title. During the November 2 episode of Saturday Night's Main Event III, he unsuccessfully challenged Santana for the title (Savage won the match by countout, but not the title because the title did not change hands by countout). In a rematch on WWF on NESN on February 8, 1986, he won the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship at the Boston Garden by using an illegal steel object stashed in his tights to knock out Santana. Early in his WWF career, Savage also won three countout victories (the first at the Spectrum in Philadelphia and the other two at Madison Square Garden) over his future tag team partner WWF World Heavyweight Champion Hulk Hogan (although the belt did not change hands due to the countout) as well as engaging in feuds with Bruno Sammartino and George "The Animal" Steele.

Savage's feud with Steele began on the January 4 episode of Saturday Night's Main Event IV, when Steele developed a crush on Miss Elizabeth. At WrestleMania 2 on April 7, 1986, Savage defeated Steele in a match to retain his Intercontinental Heavyweight Title. He resumed his feud with Steele in early 1987, culminating in two Intercontinental Heavyweight title matches, both won by Savage.

His next feud was with Ricky Steamboat, where in October, Savage crushed Steamboat's throat against a guardrail. On March 29, 1987, Savage wrestled Steamboat at WrestleMania III in the Pontiac Silverdome. After 19 two-counts, Steamboat pinned Savage (with help from George Steele, who pushed Savage from the top rope seconds before he was pinned) to end his near 14-month reign as Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion. The match was extremely choreographed, as opposed to the "on the fly" nature of most wrestling matches at the time; Savage was a stickler for detail, and he and Steamboat laid out and rehearsed every spot in the match prior to WrestleMania. The match was named 1987's Match of the Year by both Pro Wrestling Illustrated and the Wrestling Observer. Steamboat and Savage were seen cheering with and hugging other wrestlers after the match. The two continued to feud on house shows, including in steel cage matches. During this part of his career, he became known for his stage costumes, which were created by Florida designer Michael Braun.

WWF Champion (1988–1989)

Savage won the King of the Ring tournament later in 1987. His popularity was rising to the point that he was being cheered by a majority of the fans despite being a heel, so he became less hostile towards the fans and Miss Elizabeth. When The Honky Tonk Man declared himself "the greatest Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion of all time", Savage began a feud with him to get the title back, becoming a fan favorite in the process. On the October 3 episode of Saturday Night's Main Event XII, he got his shot at The Honky Tonk Man and the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship, but lost out on the title when The Hart Foundation (Bret "Hitman" Hart and Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart), who along with Honky were managed by "The Mouth of the South" Jimmy Hart, interrupted the match, getting Honky disqualified. In the ensuing beatdown, Miss Elizabeth ran back to the locker room and brought Hulk Hogan out to the ring to save Savage, leading to the formation of "The Mega Powers". Savage would lead a team of five against Honky's team of five at the first annual Survivor Series on November 26, where Savage's team was victorious, avenging Elizabeth's honor. His feud with Honky continued into early 1988, where in their last high-profile matchup (aired as the undercard to Andre the Giant vs. Hulk Hogan on the February 5 episode of The Main Event I), Savage defeated Honky by count-out after he shoved Honky away from Elizabeth and into the ring post.

At WrestleMania IV on March 27, 1988, he participated in the 14-man tournament for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship. During the tournament held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, Savage defeated "The Natural" Butch Reed, Greg "The Hammer" Valentine and the One Man Gang on his way to the finals, where he defeated "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase (who had his bodyguard Virgil and André the Giant in his corner), pinning him with the help of Hogan. Savage retained the WWF World Heavyweight Title for a little over a year, defending it against the likes of One Man Gang, Big Boss Man and André the Giant.

The Mega Powers' first feud was against The Mega Bucks (Ted DiBiase and André the Giant), whom they defeated on August 29 in the main event of the first ever SummerSlam pay-per-view. The match, refereed by Jesse Ventura, was famous for Miss Elizabeth jumping up on the apron of the ring late in the match and removing her skirt to show red panties. This allowed both Savage and Hogan (who had been knocked to the outside) to get back in the ring and get the pin on DiBiase with Savage pushing a reluctant Ventura to the 3-count. The Mega Powers then began feuding with The Twin Towers (Big Boss Man and Akeem who was formerly the One Man Gang). In the case of the latter feud, Savage frequently became involved in Hogan's matches involving one of the two villains (and vice versa); the two rival factions captained opposing teams in the main event of the Survivor Series on November 24, which was won by the Mega Powers.

Problems between Savage and Hogan developed in early 1989 after Hogan also took Elizabeth as his manager. On January 15, 1989, at the Royal Rumble, Hogan accidentally eliminated Savage from the Royal Rumble match and they started to fight until Elizabeth separated them. During the February 3 episode of The Main Event II, Savage and Hogan faced the Twin Towers, but Elizabeth accidentally got injured at ringside. Hogan carried her to the back, which enraged Savage to the point that he abandoned Hogan later in the match. Savage and Hogan got into a heated argument with Savage declaring that Hogan was an inferior wrestler to him and that he wanted to steal Elizabeth from him. He then proceeded to attack his partner and attacked Hogan's friend Brutus "The Barber" Beefcake as he tried to intervene, before being separated by security, turning Savage heel for the first time since 1987.

On April 2 at WrestleMania V, Savage dropped the WWF World Heavyweight Championship to Hogan after a reign of 371 days. Prior to the match, Savage had actually been hospitalized with an infected elbow but checked himself out of the hospital in order to wrestle Hogan and despite wearing a heavy bandage over the elbow and being sick as a result of the infection, still managed to put on a high quality showing. Later that month, he replaced Elizabeth (who stayed with Hogan) as his manager with former WWF Women's Champion Sensational Sherri. Savage co-main evented SummerSlam on August 28, teaming with "The Human Wrecking Machine" Zeus (actor Tiny Lister in character as his role from Hulk Hogan's movie, No Holds Barred), against The Mega-Maniacs (Hogan and Brutus Beefcake), with the Mega-Maniacs winning after Hogan hit Zeus with Sherri's loaded purse to get the win. Savage and Zeus faced Hogan and Beefcake in a rematch contested in a steel cage at No Holds Barred on December 27, but were again defeated.

Macho King and retirement (1989–1991)
Savage adopted the moniker "The Macho King" after defeating Jim Duggan for the King of the Ring title in September 1989. The "Macho King" and Hulk Hogan met one last time (intended to end their ongoing year-long feud), when Savage got a shot at Hogan's WWF World Heavyweight Championship on February 23, 1990, at The Main Event III. The pinfall was counted by new heavyweight boxing champion Buster Douglas despite Savage kicking out at two, Douglas then punched Savage in the face after Savage confronted and then slapped Douglas.

Savage then began feuding with the "Common Man" Dusty Rhodes, losing a mixed tag match (along with Sherri) to Rhodes and Sapphire on April 1 at WrestleMania VI but beating him in a singles match on August 27 at SummerSlam. After this, Savage started a feud with then-WWF Champion The Ultimate Warrior. The feud escalated on January 19, 1991, at the Royal Rumble, when Warrior refused to promise Savage the right to challenge him for the title, should Warrior defend it successfully against Sgt. Slaughter (Slaughter had already granted Savage this opportunity, should he beat Warrior). Savage had sent Sherri out before the match to try to persuade the Warrior to promise this in a face-to-face interview laced with sexual innuendos but was unsuccessful. Outraged, Savage promised revenge, which he got during the Slaughter-Warrior title match. During the match, Sherri distracted The Warrior who chased her back to the locker room. However, halfway down the aisle "The Macho King" Randy Savage attacked the champion, resulting in the Ultimate Warrior having to crawl to the ring. Later, Savage ran out to the ring and smashed the sceptre over Warrior's head, (knocking him unconscious for Slaughter to pin), and then immediately sprinted back to the locker room. Later in the program, Savage failed to appear in the Royal Rumble which led to speculation that he and Sherri had fled the building in order to avoid The Warrior. These events led to a career-ending match at WrestleMania VII on March 24, which Savage lost. After the match, Savage was attacked by Sherri as he lay dejected in the ring. This was too much for Miss Elizabeth, who happened to be in the audience, rushing to Savage's aid, fighting off Sherri and reuniting with her one-time love to huge crowd appreciation, with Savage becoming a fan favorite once again for the first time since 1989.

Despite his retirement from active wrestling, Savage stayed in the WWF in a non-wrestling capacity while The Ultimate Warrior was fired by Vince McMahon after SummerSlam later that year. Savage wrestled a number of times following WrestleMania VII and the WWF's official story was that out of respect, Warrior generously allowed him to see out the final months of his contract before he was forced to retire. His last match was on April 1 in Kobe, Japan at a joint card between the WWF and Super World Sports, where he was defeated by Genichiro Tenryu. He also made an initial, untelevised return to the ring on July 30 in Portland, Maine, at a WWF Wrestling Challenge taping when he substituted for The Ultimate Warrior and pinned The Undertaker. Following this, Savage subbed for Warrior on house shows in early August against Undertaker.

Color commentator, reinstatement and departure (1991–1994)

The storyline with Miss Elizabeth continued, culminating with Savage proposing to her in the ring leading to an on-air wedding on August 27 at SummerSlam dubbed The Match Made in Heaven. It was at this time that Savage was targeted by the now-villain Jake "The Snake" Roberts. On an episode of Prime Time Wrestling prior to SummerSlam, the announcers and several wrestlers threw a "bachelor party" for Savage, with Roberts' arrival deemed unwelcome by the rest of the contingent.

In the post-SummerSlam wedding reception, Roberts and his new ally, The Undertaker, made their presence known by hiding a live snake in one of the newly married couple's wedding presents; Elizabeth was frightened when she opened the gift box, and the Undertaker blindsided Savage by knocking him out with the urn while Roberts pulled the snake from the box and menaced Elizabeth with it. Sid Justice ran off both Roberts and The Undertaker. Savage, still unable to compete due to his WrestleMania VII loss to The Ultimate Warrior, immediately began a public campaign to have himself reinstated as an active wrestler to gain revenge on Roberts; however, WWF President Jack Tunney refused. During a television taping for WWF Superstars of Wrestling on November 23, Roberts cut an in-ring promo to goad Savage into the ring. After he was lured into the ring, Roberts attacked Savage, eventually tying Savage into the ropes before getting a live king cobra to bite his arm. According to Hulk Hogan and Jake Roberts on the Pick Your Poison DVD, the snake was holding on with the fangs and Jake had a hard time getting the snake off Randy. With help from the fans, Savage was later reinstated by Tunney, who announced a match between Savage and Roberts for This Tuesday in Texas on December 3, where Savage defeated Roberts, however, Roberts performed the DDT on Savage three times after the match, and things came to a head when Roberts slapped Miss Elizabeth. The feud continued throughout the winter, ending after a match on the February 8, 1992 episode of Saturday Night's Main Event XXX, which Savage won.

Savage then began an on-screen feud with WWF Champion Ric Flair, who claimed that he had been in a prior relationship with Savage's wife Miss Elizabeth, going as far as presenting pictures of Elizabeth and Flair together. This culminated in a title match between the two on April 5 at WrestleMania VIII; Savage won the match and his second WWF Championship. During this time, Savage and Elizabeth separated in real life, however, the Savage-Flair feud continued, and WWF Magazine published photos of Savage and Elizabeth, which were identical to those featuring Elizabeth and Flair; it was revealed that Flair had doctored the Savage-Elizabeth pictures. The former couple were divorced on September 18, and a statement announcing the divorce appeared in WWF Magazine at about the same time, a rare break of kayfabe for the WWF at the time.

For the better part of 1992, Savage and his old nemesis The Ultimate Warrior (who returned to the WWF at WrestleMania VIII) peacefully co-existed. However, when it was announced that Warrior was the new number-one contender for Savage's WWF Championship, old tensions resurfaced and they had several heated exchanges prior to the match. On August 31, Savage defended the title against The Ultimate Warrior at SummerSlam; Savage lost the match by countout, after having his knee injured by Flair and Mr. Perfect, but retained the championship. After the match, Warrior helped a badly injured Savage to the back. On the September 14 episode of Prime Time Wrestling (taped September 1), Savage lost the WWF Championship to Flair after interference from Razor Ramon.

He then formed a tag team with Warrior known as the "Ultimate Maniacs", and after his title loss shortly after, an injured Savage backed Warrior to dethrone Flair. On the November 8, 1992 episode of Saturday Night's Main Event XXXI, they took on Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster) for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Money Inc. lost by countout but retained their titles. Savage and Warrior were to face Flair and Ramon at Survivor Series on November 25. Warrior was fired from the WWF weeks before the event, so Savage chose Mr. Perfect, executive consultant to Flair, as his partner to replace Warrior. Perfect initially laughed off the suggestion, but was angered by Bobby Heenan and his insinuations that he could never again wrestle at his previous level, and accepted the match. The duo defeated Flair and Ramon via disqualification.

When Monday Night Raw began in January 1993, Savage served primarily as a color commentator. On January 24, he was the runner up in the Royal Rumble match at Royal Rumble, where he was eliminated by Yokozuna. Savage returned to pay-per-view on November 24 at Survivor Series as a substitute for Mr. Perfect. He also competed in the 1994 Royal Rumble match on January 22, but was eliminated by Crush, leading to a Falls Count Anywhere match on March 20 at WrestleMania X, where Savage defeated Crush. Savage also made periodic appearances in Jim Cornette's Smoky Mountain Wrestling promotion in May and made his final WWF pay-per-view appearance on August 29 at SummerSlam, where he served as the master of ceremonies. Savage's final WWF match was a tour in Germany when he teamed with Bret Hart to defeat Owen Hart and Jim Neidhart on September 13, 1994 in Rosstock. At the end of October 1994, Savage's WWF contract expired and he left to sign with rival World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

World Championship Wrestling (1994–2000)

The Mega Powers reunion (1994–1995)
Savage made his first appearance for WCW on the December 3, 1994 episode of Saturday Night, referencing the love/hate relationship he had with Hulk Hogan and stated his desire to be the WCW World Heavyweight Champion. He appeared at Starrcade on December 27, saving Hogan from an attack by The Three Faces of Fear, shaking hands with his friend and rival. At SuperBrawl V on February 19, 1995, Savage and Sting defeated Avalanche and Big Bubba Rogers. On March 19 at Uncensored, Savage defeated Avalanche via disqualification when a fan, who happened to be Ric Flair dressed in drag, attacked Savage. This led to a feud between Savage and Flair, where, on May 21, Flair attacked Savage's father, Angelo Poffo, at Slamboree following the main event where Savage and Hogan defeated Flair and Vader.

Savage participated in the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship tournament, defeating The Butcher in the first round and "Stunning" Steve Austin in the quarterfinals. He then interfered in Flair's match against Alex Wright, attacking Flair and causing Wright to get disqualified, which set up a tournament semi-final in which the winner would face the winner of the Sting and Meng match for the title at The Great American Bash. Savage and Flair's tournament semi-final match never took place, however, due to Savage and Flair brawling in the backstage area prior to the match and both being eliminated from the tournament. At the event on June 18, Savage lost to Flair after Flair stole Angelo's cane and hit Savage with it. In a rematch on July 16, Savage defeated Flair in a lifeguard lumberjack match at Bash at the Beach. Later that year, during part of the storyline in which Arn Anderson and Ric Flair turned on each other, Flair (looking for a partner to take on Anderson and Brian Pillman in a tag match) tried to recruit Savage to be his partner. Remembering the rivalry (and how Flair had attacked Savage's father), Savage refused. At Fall Brawl on September 17, Savage, Hogan, Lex Luger and Sting defeated The Dungeon of Doom (Kamala, The Zodiac, The Shark and Meng) in a WarGames match. On October 29 at Halloween Havoc, Savage defeated Luger.

WCW World Heavyweight Champion (1995–1996)
At World War 3 on November 26, Savage won his first WCW World Heavyweight Championship by winning the first-ever 60-man three-ring battle royal. On December 27, he lost the title to Flair at Starrcade; earlier that night, he defeated Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Savage won his second WCW World Heavyweight Championship back from Flair on the January 22, 1996 episode of Nitro. During this time, Savage brought Elizabeth with him into WCW as his manager once again. At SuperBrawl VI on February 11, Savage defended the title against Flair in steel cage match, however, he lost the title after Elizabeth turned on Savage when she allowed Flair to hit him with one of her high heel shoes. Flair claimed that Elizabeth gave him a sizable amount of Savage's money, taken in their divorce settlement, which he used to set up a "VIP section" at Nitro events.

At Uncensored on March 24, Savage and Hogan won a Doomsday Cage match against Flair, Arn Anderson, Meng, The Barbarian, Luger, The Taskmaster, Z-Gangsta and The Ultimate Solution. On May 19 at Slamboree, Savage and Flair were paired in the Lord of the Ring tournament, where they defeated Anderson and Eddie Guerrero, but lost to Public Enemy (Johnny Grunge and Rocco Rock) by forfeit after Savage attacked Flair during his entrance as a retribution for Flair's attack on Savage in their earlier match. At Bash at the Beach on July 7, the New World Order (nWo) was formed when Hulk Hogan turned on Savage, Sting, and Lex Luger and joined "The Outsiders", a tag team of former WWF wrestlers Kevin Nash and Scott Hall. After their inception, one of their main enemies became Savage himself, who was one of the leaders of the WCW crusaders against the nWo. Savage threatened Hogan for months, often being attacked by the nWo. On September 15 at Fall Brawl, Savage was defeated by The Giant. At Halloween Havoc on October 27, Savage finally faced Hogan for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, but lost when The Giant interfered and hit him with a chokeslam. Savage left WCW following the event, as he was unable to reach a new deal with the company.

New World Order (1997–1998)

Savage returned to WCW on the January 20, 1997 episode of Nitro hijacking the show, claiming to have been "blackballed" and refusing to leave the ring until Sting showed up, and the two left together. Savage appeared again with Sting over the next couple Nitro shows roving and watching events from the crowd as "free agents". At one point, WCW president and nWo member Eric Bischoff informed Savage that his WCW career was over and he could only return as an nWo member. On February 23, Sting and Savage appeared at SuperBrawl VII, where Savage left Sting's side and joined the nWo by helping Hogan defeat Roddy Piper. The next night, he reunited with Elizabeth, who had joined the nWo several months earlier during Savage's hiatus from WCW. Savage began feuding with Diamond Dallas Page and his wife Kimberly. On March 16 at Uncensored, Savage won a Triangle Elimination match with the nWo. He lost to Page in a no disqualification match on April 6 at Spring Stampede, but defeated him in a falls count anywhere match on June 15 at The Great American Bash, as well as in a tag team match at Bash at the Beach on July 13. At Road Wild on August 9, Savage lost to the Giant, and on September 14 at Fall Brawl, Savage and Scott Hall lost to Page and Luger. Their feud ended in a Las Vegas Death match on October 26 at Halloween Havoc, which Savage won.

On January 24, 1998, at Souled Out, Savage lost to Luger. Luger also won a rematch between the two on February 22 at SuperBrawl VIII. Savage faced Hogan in a steel cage match at Uncensored on March 15, which ended in a no contest. When Hogan failed to recapture his "nWo" title from Sting, it was Savage's turn, and he got his shot on April 19 at Spring Stampede. Hogan tried to make sure that Savage would not win the title because Hogan felt that he was the only nWo member who should be WCW World Heavyweight Champion, since he was the leader of the stable. With the help of Nash, however, Savage beat Sting for his third WCW World Heavyweight Championship, despite tearing his ACL in his knee during the match. The following night on Nitro, Hogan faced Savage for the championship, and it looked like Hogan had Savage beat, but for the second consecutive night, Nash came to Savage's aid, powerbombing Hogan. However, an interfering Bret Hart attacked Savage and preserved the victory for Hogan. Savage then joined with Nash and others to form the nWo Wolfpac, a split from Hogan's group.

At Slamboree on May 17, Savage lost to Hart by submission. On June 14 at The Great American Bash, Savage teamed up with Piper against and lost to Hogan and Hart by submission. After the match, Savage wrestled Piper in the next match, which Savage quickly lost to Piper by submission. After the next night on Nitro, Savage took a hiatus from the company to recover from at least two major knee surgeries. He made only one more appearance in 1998, helping Ric Flair defeat Eric Bischoff for the Presidency of WCW on the December 28 episode of Nitro. As nWo member the Giant was interfering on Bischoff's behalf, Savage entered the ring wearing an nWo shirt but duped, low-blowed and clotheslined the Giant out of the ring and removed the shirt while exiting.

Team Madness (1999–2000)

Savage returned in April 1999, debuting a new look and theme music, sporting a slicked-back ponytail, earrings, and a new villainous attitude (though still embracing the fans), as well as introducing his new valet, Gorgeous George. His first action was as the guest referee in the main event at Spring Stampede on April 11, which was won by Diamond Dallas Page. For a short time afterward, Savage interfered in DDP's matches to make sure that Page kept the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, but when Kevin Nash won it on May 9 at Slamboree, Savage went after the title himself. It was around that time that Madusa and Miss Madness joined Savage as his other two valets; together they were known as Team Madness. On June 13 at The Great American Bash, Sid Vicious returned to WCW and helped Savage to attack Kevin Nash.

This led to a tag team match on July 11 at Bash at the Beach between Nash and Sting against Savage and Sid Vicious, in which whoever scored the winning fall would win the WCW World Heavyweight Championship; Savage won his fourth and final WCW World Heavyweight Championship when he pinned Nash. Savage's last reign as champion did not last long, as he lost the title to a returning Hollywood Hogan the next night on Nitro, when Nash interfered and hit a powerbomb on Savage (in a reversal of the situation from the previous year, in which Nash had attacked Hogan to help Savage keep his title, albeit unsuccessfully). Team Madness slowly started to disband, after Madusa and Miss Madness began fighting each other over who was responsible for Savage's title loss. Savage soon fired both of them and started a feud with Dennis Rodman, defeating him at Road Wild on August 14.

Savage disappeared from WCW programming following his feud with Rodman and would make two more appearances: first on the October 25, 1999 episode of Nitro, when he appeared in the ring with Gorgeous George and talked about passing the torch forward. His second, and final, WCW appearance would be on the May 3, 2000, episode of Thunder, when Savage returned to join The Millionaire's Club – a group consisting of Hulk Hogan, Ric Flair, and other veterans – aiding them at the end of a 41-man battle royal. Despite Savage ending the show claiming he was going to help the veteran group take out young New Blood group, he did not appear again in WCW before they folded the next year.

NWA Total Nonstop Action (2004)
On November 7, 2004, Savage returned to professional wrestling at NWA Total Nonstop Action's (TNA) Victory Road pay-per-view, confronting Jeff Jarrett. He made his Impact! debut on November 19, confronting the Kings of Wrestling (Jarrett, Kevin Nash, and Scott Hall). At the end of the next week's show, he led a group attack on them. On December 5, at Turning Point, Savage, Jeff Hardy and A.J. Styles defeated them in his last match. Savage left TNA on December 8, disagreeing with the finish of a proposed Final Resolution main event for Jarrett's NWA World Heavyweight Championship.

Other media

Endorsements
He was the celebrity spokesman for Slim Jim snack foods in the mid-to-late 1990s. His catch phrase in the ads was "Snap into a Slim Jim, oooooh yeah!", which became a recurring theme for Slim Jim ads. In 1998, Savage accepted an award from Harvard University's humor society Harvard Lampoon as Man of the Year.

Acting career
Savage appeared in many television shows in the mid-to-late '90s. He appeared on a wrestling-themed episode of Baywatch that aired in 1996 with fellow WCW wrestlers Hulk Hogan, Ric Flair, Big Van Vader, and Kevin Sullivan. In 1999, he appeared on popular television shows Walker, Texas Ranger and Mad About You.

Savage appeared in his first theatrical film in 2000 making an appearance as his Macho Man character in the movie Ready to Rumble where David Arquette daydreams a sequence fighting Savage at a gas station. Savage's most famous film role was in the 2002 film Spider-Man as the wrestler Bonesaw McGraw (based on the comics character Crusher Hogan).

Savage's memorable voice gave him voice acting roles for various television and film projects. He voiced the rogue alien wrestler "Rasslor" in the Dexter's Laboratory shorts Dial M for Monkey. He also provided his voice in many other shows including the voice for "Gorilla" in an episode of King of the Hill and the voice of Space Ghost's grandfather in an episode of Space Ghost Coast To Coast. Savage served as the voice of "The Thug", in Disney's Academy Award-nominated 2008 animated film Bolt, which was his last theatrical film appearance. Savage reprised the role in Super Rhino in 2009 for the short film featuring the cast of Bolt.

Filmography

Music
Savage's music debut was on the WWF-produced WrestleMania: The Album in 1993, where he sang on the song "Speaking from the Heart", one of many songs sung by then-WWF wrestlers on the CD.

On October 7, 2003, Savage released his debut rap album titled Be a Man. It includes a tribute song to "Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig, as well as a diss track aimed at Hulk Hogan. Savage promoted Be a Man with a concert tour featuring Brian Adams as his bodyguard and Ron Harris as touring manager. During this time, the development of a second album was already in progress with Savage exclaiming, "We are absolutely going to have more records." However, no further albums were released.

Just three months before his death on February 2, 2011, EpicLLOYD and Nice Peter made a song along with a video for Epic Rap Battles of History of Hulk Hogan, "Macho Man" Randy Savage and Kim Jong-Il having a rap battle. They noted his death with annotations in the video.

Rapper Don Trip released a mixtape on January 24, 2014, entitled Randy Savage. All tracks have Savage's famous "Ohhh Yeah!!!" in the opening of the song; the track entitled "Cream of the Crop" has Savage's "Nothing Means Nothing" speech from an interview after WrestleMania III. In January 2015, DJ/rapper DJ Cummerbund began releasing a series of remixes that feature samples from Be a Man which has received critical acclaim.

Video games
Savage appeared in WWF WrestleMania, WWF WrestleMania Challenge, WWF Superstars, WWF WrestleMania: Steel Cage Challenge, WWF Super WrestleMania, WWF Royal Rumble, WWF King of the Ring, WCW vs nWo: World Tour, WCW Nitro, WCW/nWo Revenge, WCW/nWo Thunder, WCW Mayhem, WWE All Stars, as a DLC in WWE 12 and as an unlockable character in WWE 2K14. He appears as the Macho King as a DLC in WWE 2K15, in WWE 2K16 as a starting wrestler, in WWE 2K17, WWE 2K18 and as an unlockable wrestler through the in-game currency "VC" (Virtual Currency), and WWE 2K19 as an exclusive DLC character for the Collector's edition of the game, entitled the "Wooooo!" Edition, WWE 2K20 as an unlockable character through the game's currency, WWE 2K Battlegrounds as a post-launch DLC character, and is also an unlockable character in WWE 2K22.

Savage's 16 plus year absence from WWE-licensed games from 1994's WWF Raw to 2011's WWE All Stars was recognized by Guinness World Records in its 2015 gamer's edition as the longest such absence.

Personal life
Savage met Elizabeth Hulette, better known as Miss Elizabeth, at a gym in Lexington in 1982, and they married in 1984. They divorced in 1992. On May 10, 2010, Savage married Barbara Lynn Payne, who he previously dated in the early 70s.

For years, Savage and Hulk Hogan were at odds and had an on again/off again friendship, but the two reconciled shortly before his death. He had a dog named Hercules, a German Shepherd that was given to him by Hercules Hernandez.

Death
On the morning of May 20, 2011, Savage was driving his Jeep Wrangler near his home in Seminole, Florida with his wife in the passenger seat when he became unresponsive and crashed into a tree. Paramedics arrived soon after and found him dead at the scene, age 58. Savage and his wife had been wearing seatbelts.  She suffered only minor physical injuries in the crash. An autopsy performed by the medical examiner's office found that he had an enlarged heart and advanced coronary artery disease (more than 90% narrowed) which had resulted in a sudden heart attack. The drugs found in his system included a prescription painkiller and a small amount of alcohol. Savage had never been treated for heart problems and there was no evidence that he was aware of his heart condition. The cause of death was officially ruled as atherosclerotic heart disease.

Five days after his death, Savage was cremated, and his ashes were placed under a favorite tree on his property in Largo, Florida, near his mother's development. Ten days before his death, he had asked his brother to pour the ashes of his dog in the same spot. When Savage's brother asked why, Savage stated that it was because he wanted him to remember that spot, since he wanted his ashes to be poured there as well.

Tributes and legacy

Vince McMahon, with whom Savage had a longtime strained relationship, paid tribute to Savage in a Time magazine article, describing Savage as "one of wrestling's all-time greats". TNA held a ten bell salute in Savage's honor the night of his death. WWE aired a tribute video on the May 23 episode of Raw. Later that night, CM Punk paid tribute to Savage by wearing pink trunks and yellow boots complete with white stars on the trunks during a tag team match with R-Truth against John Cena and Rey Mysterio. Punk later adapted a version of the diving elbow drop into his moveset.

In August 2011, Kevin Eck of The Baltimore Sun lauded Savage as an all-round performer, saying that "nobody blended power, speed, agility, and technical skills like the 'Macho Man' in his prime".

WWE released a DVD documentary, Macho Man: The Randy Savage Story, in November 2014. Despite a strained relationship over the years with the WWE, the documentary featured interviews with Savage's brother, Lanny Poffo and his mother, with Poffo giving insight to many of the rumors and denying some of the negative things other wrestlers said in the documentary about Savage, including his relationship with Elizabeth. Savage was never inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame during his lifetime and he was frequently described as being one of its most noticeably absent figures.

On January 12, 2015, WWE announced Savage as the first inductee to the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2015, and that his Mega Powers partner and long-time rival Hulk Hogan would induct him. Savage's brother, Lanny Poffo, appeared on the WWE Network that same night and commented on Savage's induction announcement by saying "I had no thoughts. I was so excited. Intellectually, there was nothing. It was all emotional. I was happy for the fans. They waited for Bruno Sammartino for so many years and now they waited for Macho Man." He went on to say that Savage's mother and his 30-year-old daughter are both very excited and said of the WWE Network, "Randy will never die." Vince McMahon reached out to Savage back in 2010, wanting to induct only him in the Hall of Fame, but Savage refused to go in without his father and his brother.

On September 1, 2018, at the event All In, Jay Lethal was accompanied to the ring by Lanny Poffo, while dressed in one of Savage's original outfits.

Savage is a subject of  "The Match Made in Heaven", the first episode of Viceland's Dark Side of the Ring, that premiered on April 10, 2019.

On July 28, 2023  Dutchess County NY Legislature declared July 6th as "Macho Man" Randy Savage Day In honor of his WWF debut on television at the Mid-Hudson Civic Center on July 6, 1985.

On September 26, 2023 the train overpass on linden avenue in the city of Zanesville, Ohio was renamed in honor of the late Randy Savage. The overpass sits directly to the north of the world famous Y-bridge.

Championships and accomplishments
 NWA Mid-America / Continental Wrestling Association
 AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 CWA International Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 Grand Prix Wrestling
 GPW International Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling
 NWA Gulf Coast Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Lanny Poffo
 International Championship Wrestling
 ICW World Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 Ilio DiPaolo Legends of the Aud
Hall of Fame (2016)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Comeback of the Year (1995)
 Feud of the Year (1997)
 Match of the Year (1987)
 Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (1989)
 Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1988)
 Stanley Weston Award (2011)
 Wrestler of the Year (1988)
 Ranked No. 2 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992
 Ranked No. 9 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 Ranked No. 57 of the top 100 tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Hulk Hogan in 2003
 Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 Class of 2009
 United States Wrestling Association
 USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 World Championship Wrestling
 WCW World Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 World War 3 (1995)
 World Cup Of Wrestling (1995) - with Sting, Lex Luger, Johnny B. Badd, Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, and Alex Wright
 World Wrestling Council
 WWC North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment
WWF Intercontinental Championship (1 time)
 WWF World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 King of the Ring (1987)
 WWF World Heavyweight Championship Tournament (1988)
 WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2015)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Match of the Year (1987)
 Most Unimproved (1992)
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (1996)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

See also
 "The Match Made in Heaven"

References

External links

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1952 births
2011 deaths
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
AWA International Heavyweight Champions
American Roman Catholics
American color commentators
American male film actors
American male professional wrestlers
American male voice actors
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
American professional wrestlers of Italian descent
Deaths from coronary artery disease
First Family (professional wrestling) members
Gulf Coast Cardinals players
New World Order (professional wrestling) members
People from Downers Grove, Illinois
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Professional wrestlers from Ohio
Professional wrestling announcers
Spokespersons
Sportspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
Sportspeople from Staten Island
Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champions
WCW World Heavyweight Champions
WWE Champions
WWE Hall of Fame inductees
WWF/WWE Intercontinental Champions
WWF/WWE King's Crown Champions/King of the Ring winners

Randy Savage


San Marino Grand Prix (), İtalya'nın Imola kentinde düzenlenen bir Formula 1 yarışıdır. İtalya, Monza pistinde yapılan yarışın yanı sıra, ikinci bir yarış daha düzenlemek istemiş, fakat aynı ülkede aynı sezonda iki yarış olamaması kuralına takılmıştı. Bu kuralı aşmak amacı ile İtalya'nın Imola kentindeki pistte yapılan yarışın adı, 90 km mesafede olan San Marino ülkesinin adı altında yapılmıştır. Buna benzer örnekler F1 tarihi boyunca sıklıkla görülmektedir. Pistin adı Autodromo Dino Ferrari'dir. Bu pist 1994 yılında Dünya'nın en başarılı pilotu sayılan Ayrton Senna'nın talihsiz ölümünün olduğu F1 pistidir.

Türkiye Grand Prix ve Brezilya Grand Prix yarışlarında olduğu gibi San Marino Grand Prix'sinde pilotlar, turlarını saat yönünün tersine doğru atmaktadırlar.

San Marino Grand Prix'i San Marino'nun dışında olmasına rağmen, bu pist hem San Marino Hükümeti'ne hem de  İtalya Hükümeti'ne bağlı bir Grand Prix'dir.

Tarih

San Marino'daki ilk yarış 1981 yılında düzenlenmiştir. Sonuncu yarış ise 2006 yılında olmuştur. Toplam 26 yarış düzenlenmiştir.

Tamburello Dönemeci

Diğer ismi Tamburello virajı olan Tamburello Dönemeci, San Marino Grand Prix'nin düzenlendiği Autodromo Dino Ferrari pistinde en çok kaza yapılmış bölgedir. Bu bölgedeki en ağır kaza 1994 yılında gerçekleşmiştir. 1994 San Marino Grand Prix'de 3 defa F1 Dünya Sürücüler Şampiyonu olan F1 pilotu Ayrton Senna, 305 km/h süratle kontrolden çıkıp savrulmuştur. Pilotun ölümüyle sonuçlanan kazaya sahne olmuş bölge, Senna'nın kazasından sonra ikiye bölünüp şikana dönüştürülmüştür. 1995 San Marino Grand Prix'de Tamburello virajına yeni şikanlar yapılmıştır.

İstatistikler

Birden çok kazananlar (sürücüler)

Birden çok kazananlar (markalar)
Bold edilmiş markalar hala Formula şampiyonasında yarışıyor

Tüm turnuvalar

Ölümler

Roland Ratzenberger, 1994 San Marino Grand Prix sıralama turlarında kaza yaptığı kaza sonucu geçirdiği beyin kanamasıyla hayatını kaybetti.
Ayrton Senna, 1 Mayıs 1994 tarihinde 1994 San Marino Grand Prix turnuvasında beton bariyerlere çarparak hayatını kaybetmiştir.

2000 İtalya Grand Prix ve 2001 Avustralya Grand Prix'te çeşitli kazalar sonucu iki pist görevlisi ölmüştür.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 San Marino Grand Prix
 San Marino Grand Prix Statistics
 San Marino formula 1 statistics

San Marino Grand Prix


Alessandro Malaspina (Mulazzo, 5 de novembro de 1754 — Pontremoli, 9 de abril de 1810), também conhecido por Alejandro Malaspina ou Alexandro Malaspina, foi um oficial naval e explorador italiano, de origem toscana, que passou a maior parte da sua vida como oficial da Armada Espanhola. Sob uma comissão real espanhola, empreendeu uma circum-navegação, que durou de 1786 a 1788, e depois, de 1789 a 1794, uma expedição científica (a Expedição Malaspina) ao longo das costas do Oceano Pacífico, explorando e mapeando grande parte da costa oeste das Américas, desde o Cabo Horn ao Golfo do Alasca, cruzando aquele oceano até Guam e Filipinas, com escalas na Nova Zelândia, Austrália e Tonga.

Exploradores
Militares da Espanha

Alessandro Malaspina


قلب ميت هو مسلسل اجتماعي مصري من 33 حلقة ، ومن إخراج مجدي أبو عميرة وبطولة شريف منير وغادة عادل، وجمال إسماعيل، تم عرض المسلسل في رمضان 2008 ، وتصل مدة الحلقة إلى 45 دقيقة

الشخصيات
 شريف منير في دور رضا أبو شامة
 غادة عادل في دور  بسمة
 محمد الشقنقيري في دور سلامة
 هيثم محمد في دور  كريم
 أحمد هارون في دور  حازم
 نسرين إمام في دور  حنان
 سميرة عبد العزيز في درو  ام رضا
 جمال إسماعيل في دور  أبو شامة
 عادل السماسيرى
 سيد عبد الكريم في دور  الرجل الصياد
 سعيد طرابيك في دور  أبو حنان
 سلوي عثمان في دور  خالت بسمة
 سامي مغاوري في دور  زوج خالت بسمة
 فايق عزب في دور  عوض
 خيرية أحمد في دور  ام حنان
 زيزي البدراوي في دور  ام حازم
 يوسف فوزي في دور  رمزي شهاب

فريق العمل
 إخراج:مجدي أبو عميرة
 إنتاج: شركة سينرجي ميديا لاين - قناة الحياة
 قصة وسيناريو وحوار: أحمد عبد الفتاح
 مونتاج إلكتروني : أمين عبد الرازق
 مونتاج فيديو: عثمان أبو جبل
 مدير التصوير: محمد زغلول، محمد الهلباوي
 مدير الإنتاج: محمد خميس
 مدير الإضاءة: محمد عسر
 مخرج مساعد: عبد الحميد أبو المجد، طارق الشال
 تصميم التتر: محمد السلاموني
 تصميم الأزياء: نبيلة ناجح
 موسيقي تصويرية: محمود طلعت
 مهندس الديكور: بدر تيسير
 كلمات التتر: أيمن بهجت قمر
 توزيع: شركة سينرجي ميديا لاين

مراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية مصرية بدأ عرضها في 2008
مسلسلات شريف منير
مسلسلات غادة عادل
مسلسلات مجدي أبو عميرة
مسلسلات محمد الشقنقيري
مسلسلات أحلام الجريتلي

قلب ميت (مسلسل)


Shell USA, Inc. (formerly Shell Oil Company, Inc.)  is the United States-based wholly owned subsidiary of Shell plc, a UK-based transnational corporation "oil major" which is amongst the largest oil companies in the world. Approximately 18,000 Shell employees are based in the U.S. Its U.S. headquarters are in Houston, Texas. Shell USA, including its consolidated companies and its share in equity companies, is one of America's largest oil and natural gas producers, natural gas marketers, fuel marketers and petrochemical manufacturers.

History
In 1997, Shell and Texaco entered into two refining/marketing joint ventures. One combined their Midwestern and Western operations and was known as Equilon. The other, known as Motiva Enterprises, combined the Eastern and Gulf Coast operations of Shell Oil and Star Enterprise, itself a joint venture between Saudi Aramco and Texaco.

After Texaco merged with Chevron in 2001, Shell purchased Texaco's shares in the joint ventures. In 2002, Shell began converting these Texaco stations to the Shell brand, a process that was to be completed by June 2004 and was called "the largest retail re-branding initiative in American business history". In the year 2016, Shell Nederland Raffinaderij BV (Shell Pernis) said that it has started a new aromatics unit at the large Pernis refinery in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

In recent years The Shell Oil Company's Midstream, and Downstream, in particular, have become limited to petroleum, and chemical products. This has come as a result of Royal Dutch Shell breaking off its Natural Gas and power businesses into a new segment named Integrated Gas. The Shell Oil Company's former Natural Gas, and energy divisions are now Shell Energy North America, a closely integrated, but a distinctive entity that runs across North America and is headquartered out of Houston, Texas.

Activities
Shell is the market leader through approximately 14,000 Shell-branded fuel stations in the U.S. which also serve as Shell's most visible public presence, and comes closest to serving all 50 states, lacking a presence only in Montana. At its gas stations, Shell provides diesel fuel, fuel and LPG. Shell Oil Company was a 50/50 partner with the Saudi Arabian government-owned oil company Saudi Aramco in Motiva Enterprises, a refining and marketing joint venture which owns and operates three oil refineries on the Gulf Coast of the United States. However, Shell is currently divesting its interest in Motiva.

Shell products include oils, fuels, and car services as well as exploration, production, and refining of petroleum products. The Shell Martinez Refinery in Martinez, California, the first Shell refinery in the United States, supplied Shell and Texaco stations in the West and Midwest until its sale to PBF Energy in 2020.

Shell fuel previously included the RU2000 and SU2000 lines (later there was a SU2000E) but they have been superseded by the V-Power line.

In 2023 Shell USA (North American division of Shell plc) became the Official Fuel of the NTT IndyCar Series they will supply 100% Ethanol-sourced fuel. They are also the Official Fuel of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Relationship with Shell plc

Until the mid-1980s Shell's business in the United States was substantially independent. Limited direct involvement from the main office in The Hague, Netherlands, and having its stock "Shell Oil" traded on the New York Stock Exchange were factors. However, in 1984, Royal Dutch Shell made a bid to purchase those shares of Shell Oil Company it did not own (around 30%) and despite some opposition from some minority shareholders which led to a court case, Shell completed the buyout for a sum of $5.7 billion.

Despite the acquisition, however, Shell Oil remained a fairly independent business. This was due in part to complex legal reasons as Royal Dutch Shell feared that there could be onerous liability problems if a closer control of Shell Oil's affairs was exercised by the "parent company". One consequence of this independence was that the Shell logo used in the U.S. was slightly different from that used in the rest of the world. In the 1980s Shell Oil's independence began to gradually erode as the "parent company" took a more hands-on approach to running the business. The logo used in the United States is the same as that used elsewhere since June 1, 1998.

In January 2018, Royal Dutch Shell acquired a 44% interest in solar energy company Silicon Ranch, run by CEO Matt Kisber. The takeover was part of the global New Energies project, with the aim of bringing solar renewable options to U.S. customers. The company paid up to an estimated $217 million to take over from former minority shareholders Partners Group.

In October 2018, the company installed a 285-foot-high quench tower at the Shell Chemical Appalachia L.L.C. Pittsburgh plant, which transfers heat absorbed by the water circulation process to use across other areas of the site.

Subsidiaries

 Aera Energy — Joint venture with ExxonMobil operating in California.
 Shell Development Emeryville —Research facility that operated from 1928 to 1966 in California.
 Pennzoil
 Quaker State
 Jiffy Lube
 Deer Park Refinery — In 2022, Shell completed sale of their interest in the Deer Park refinery to Pemex.
 Limejump
 Greenlots — Charging stations and systems provider for others like Electrify America
 Amilcar Petroleum Operations (APO) — Joint venture with the state-owned petroleum company in Tunisia Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières created on July 1, 2014.
 Specialty Oil Company — Walmart Super Tech Brand

Legal issues

Environmental

Shell Puget Sound Refinery, Anacortes, Washington, was fined $291,000 from 2006 to 2010 for violations of the Clean Air Act making it the second most-fined violator in the Pacific Northwest. , it was listed as a "high priority violator" since 2008.

In 2008, a lawsuit was filed against Shell Oil Company for alleged Clean Air Act violation. Shell Deer Park Refinery 20 miles east of Houston, was the nation's eighth-largest oil refinery and one of the world's largest petrochemical producers. The facility was also the second-largest source of air pollution in Harris County, which ranked among the lowest in the nation in several measures of air quality. According to Sierra Club and Environment Texas, analysis of Shell's reports to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, air pollutants released at Deer Park since 2003 exceeded the EPA's emissions limits.

Will Oremus from Slate magazine states, "The company's business depends on being able to anticipate and respond quickly to seismic shifts in the energy market. So it employs a team of big-thinking futurists, called scenario planners, to keep it a step ahead. In 2008 the company released a fresh pair of scenarios for how the world might respond to climate change over the coming decades. Both were predicated on what the company called 'three hard truths': that global energy demand is rising, that the supply of conventional energy will not be able to keep up, and that climate change is both real and dangerous."

Polybutylene lawsuit
Between 1978 and 1995, Shell Oil produced polybutylene pipes, which corrode when exposed to chlorine. A class action lawsuit was filed in 1995 against Shell Oil when the polybutylene pipes caused flooding in many households in the U.S. and Canada.  The settlement required Shell Oil to pay for the re-installation of piping for millions of houses for claims filed through May 2009.

Campaign violations
About 6,000 Shell workers and contractors were instructed to attend a Donald Trump speech held on August 13, 2019, or take the day off without pay, losing about $700 from overtime and per diem. During his address, Trump called out specific union leaders to declare their voting loyalty. Many of the union leaders present were not consulted prior to the event and memos sent to contractor management forbade any protest. Federal law prohibits a corporation from making a contribution.

See also

 Pennsylvania Shell ethylene cracker plant
 Petroleum geology
 Fred Meissner, Shell Laboratories, Petroleum Explorationist, Professor Colorado School of Mines
 M. King Hubbert, Shell Laboratories, Petroleum Geologist, created the Hubbert peak theory model of oil depletion
 Geophysics
 List of automotive fuel brands

References

External links

Shell plc subsidiaries
Shell
Oil companies of the United States
Retail companies established in 1912
Energy companies established in 1912
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1912
Companies based in Houston
Gas stations in the United States
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
1912 establishments in Texas
Oil and gas companies of Turkey
American companies established in 1912

Shell USA


දුම්මල යනු දුම්මල යි. අර violin ගහද්දී bow එකට ගාන්නේ. මේවා ඉතින් ගිනි ගන්නා සුළුයි. මේවා ස්වභාවිකව ගස්වල හැදිලා වැක්කෙරිලා ගල්වන දියරයක්.😎
'නා ගස'

දුම්මල


Paul R. Neumann (nacido el  en Newport Harbor, California) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó seis temporadas en la NBA y una más en la ABL. Con 1,85 metros de estatura, lo hacía en la posición de Base.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante tres temporadas con los Cardinal de la Universidad de Stanford, en las que promedió 13,7 puntos y 4,7 rebotes por partido. En su última temporada fue incluido en el mejor quinteto de la Pacific Coast Conference tras ser el tercer mejor anotador de la conferencia, con 16,9 puntos por partido.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la vigésimo séptima posición del Draft de la NBA de 1959 por Syracuse Nationals, pero jugó un año en la ABL antes de incorporarse definitivamente a los Nats en la temporada 1961-62. Allí jugó cuatro temporadas, siendo la mejor de ellas la tercera, ya con el equipo con la denominación de Philadelphia 76ers,  en la que promedió 11,6 puntos y 3,9 asistencias por partido.

En  formó parte de uno de los traspasos más sonados de la historia de la liga, el que le llevaría a él junto con Connie Dierking y Lee Shaffer a los San Francisco Warriors a cambio de la gran estrella Wilt Chamberlain. Allí jugó 3 temporadas como titular, siendo la más destacada la 1965-66, en la que promedió 14,4 puntos y 3,2 rebotes por partido.

En , tras no se protegido por su equipo, entró en el Draft de Expansión por la llegada de nuevos equipos a la liga, siendo elegido por San Diego Rockets. sin embargo, nunca llegó a jugar con el equipo, retirándose del baloncesto en activo.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de Neumann en NBA.com
 Ficha de Paul Neumann en ultimatenba.com

Baloncestistas de California
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Stanford Cardinal
Baloncestistas de los Syracuse Nationals
Baloncestistas de los Philadelphia 76ers
Baloncestistas de los San Francisco Warriors
Baloncestistas de los Philadelphia Tapers
Deportistas de California

Paul Neumann


Breiskallen Station (Breiskallen stasjon) var en jernbanestation på Gjøvikbanen i Norge. Stationen lå i Vestre toten kommune, selvom det meste af byområdet Breiskallen ligger i Gjøvik.

Stationen blev åbnet sammen med banen 28. november 1902. Oprindeligt havde den status af holdeplads, men den blev opgraderet til station 1. maj 1914 for siden at blive nedgraderet til trinbræt 1. juni 1970. Betjeningen med persontog ophørte 2. juni 1985. Stationen blev senere nedlagt helt og fremgår således ikke længere af de årlige oversigter over det norske jernbanenet.

Ved åbningen havde Breiskallen en enkel ekspeditionsbygning og das. Senere blev der opført en stationsbygning efter tegninger fra 1907, muligvis i forbindelse med opgraderingen til station. Der var postkontor på stedet fra banens åbning og indtil 1969. Tidligere var der en del trafik til Vardal Træmassefabrikk, hvilket rester af en læsserampe vest for sporet fortsat vidner om. Nordøst for læsserampen var der i sin tid en banevogterbolig med udhus. I 1920'erne havde stationen to gennemgående spor samt et sidespor, og trafikken var forholdsvis stor. I 1950'erne blev der opført et nyt udhus/das.

Efter at persontrafikken ophørte, blev perronen fjernet, og stationsbygningen bruges nu som privatbolig. Sporskifterne er fjernet, og der er nu kun et enkelt spor gennem det tidligere stationsområde.

Noter

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

 Fylkesarkivet i Oppland

Stationer på Gjøvikbanen
Nedlagte jernbanestationer i Norge
Etableret i 1902
Ophørt i 1985
Jernbanestationer i Oppland

Breiskallen Station


Die South Bay Lakers (vormals Los Angeles D-Fenders) sind ein Team der NBA G-League, das in El Segundo (Kalifornien) beheimatet ist.

Geschichte
Das Farmteam der Los Angeles Lakers wurde als Los Angeles D-Fenders zur Saison 2006/07 neu in die NBA Development League aufgenommen. Die D-Fenders befanden sich seitdem ebenfalls im Besitz des 2013 verstorbenen Eigentümers der Los Angeles Lakers Jerry Buss. Sowohl das Logo als auch die Farben des Teams wurden denen der Lakers nachempfunden. Die Lakers waren damit das erste Team der Liga, das ein exklusiv eigenes Farmteam in der NBA D-League hatte.

Zu Beginn trugen die D-Fenders ihre Heimspiele im Staples Center in Los Angeles aus. Die Spiele der D-Fenders wurden zeitlich meist vor den Heimspielen der Lakers platziert und Tickets für ein Lakers-Spiel galten auch für ein Heimspiel der D-Fenders. Doch meistens blieb die Halle leer und die Kosten für die Heimspiele stiegen enorm. Um neue Strukturen für das Team aufzubauen, traten die D-Fenders während der Saison 2010/11 nicht an und nahmen nicht am Spielbetrieb teil. Zur Saison 2011/12 kehrte das Team in die Liga zurück und trug seine Heimspiele bis 2016/17 im Toyota Sports Center aus. Dieses bot bei Heimspielen ca. 300 Zuschauern Platz. Die D-Fenders konnten die Saison erfolgreich bestreiten und zogen bis in die Finals der Play-offs ein. Dort unterlagen sie den Austin Toros nach Siegen mit 1—2.

2012 bis 2013 war Reggie Theus Head Coach des Teams. Sein Nachfolger sollte zunächst der ehemalige Spieler Mark Madsen werden. Madsen wurde jedoch später als Assistenz-Coach zu den Los Angeles Lakers berufen. Head Coach zur Saison 2013/14 wurde schließlich Robert MacKinnon. Zur Saison 2013/14 wurde zudem der deutsche Nationalspieler Elias Harris von den Los Angeles Lakers zu den D-Fenders geschickt, um dort Spielpraxis zu sammeln.

Nach der Saison 2016/17 wurde die NBA Development League in NBA G-League (kurz G-League) umbenannt und die L.A. D-Fenders in South Bay Lakers. Seit der Saison 2017/18 dient das UCLA Health Training Center als Heimstätte, das 750 Zuschauern Platz bietet.

Aktueller Kader

Bekannte ehemalige Spieler

  Isaac Bonga
  Ronald Dupree
  Jordan Farmar
  Mickaël Gelabale
  Elias Harris
  Coby Karl
  Jamario Moon
  David Nwaba
  Gabe Pruitt
  Sun Yue
  Jamaal Tinsley
  Moritz Wagner
  Travis Wear

Weblinks
 Die South Bay Lakers auf der Website der NBA G-League (englisch)

US-amerikanisches Basketball-Franchise
Sportverein (Kalifornien)
Organisation (El Segundo)
Los Angeles Lakers

South Bay Lakers


Kuiper Kuşağı, Güneş Sistemi'nin kenarında bulunan bir halkadır. Esas olarak uzay kayaları ve cüce gezegenlerden oluşur. Neptün'ün yörüngesinin ötesine oturur. Gezegensel hareket düzeyinde ve Güneş'ten yaklaşık olarak 30 ila 50 astronomik birimden uzak bir disktir. Edgeworth-Kuiper Kuşağı adıyla da anılmaktadır. Hawaii'deki astronomlar 1992 yılında bu bölgede sayıları 1.000'i bulan buzlu cisimlerin ilkini keşfetmişlerdir. Bu cisimlerin bir bölümü çok yığışık olup çapları da yüzlerce kilometreyi bulabilmektedir. Kuiper Kuşağı ile Oort Bulutu'nun da üst üste bindiği bugünkü varsayımlar arasında yer almaktadır. Kuiper Kuşağı'nda bulunan gök cisimlerinin birer gezegen olup olmadığı yönünde de büyük tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Kuiper Kuşağı'nda şimdiye kadar 400 gezegenimsi gök taşı bulunmuştur. Bu kuşakta çapı 100 km'den büyük en az 70.000 gök cismi olduğu varsayılmaktadır.

Bu bölgeye Kuiper Uçurumu da denmektedir. Bu ismin verilmesindeki sebep ise kaya yoğunluğunun bu bölgede birdenbire azalmasıdır. NASA'nın Kuiper Kuşağı ve Plüton'a doğru yol alacak olan New Horizons uzay aracı da 2006 yılının Ocak ayında fırlatılmış, bir sene sonra 2007'de Jüpiter gezegeninin yanından geçmiştir. 14 Temmuz 2015'te Plüton'a en yakın noktadan geçerek gezegenin yapısı ve atmosferini incelemiştir. 2015 Nisan ayı itibarıyla New Horizons uydusu Plüton ile ilgili düşük çözünürlüklü görüntüleri göndermiş ve bilgilerimizi tazelemiştir.

Ayrıca Bakınız
New Horizons

Kuiper Kuşağı


L'Élection du secrétaire général des Nations unies en 2021, est une élection qui a eu lieu fin 2021 et qui avait pour but d'élire un successeur à , secrétaire général des Nations unies depuis le 1 janvier 2017.

Élection
Historiquement, le secrétaire général est nommé par l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies sur recommandation du Conseil de sécurité. Les membres permanents que sont le Royaume-Uni, la Chine, les États-Unis, la Russie et la France peuvent utiliser leur droit de veto pour empêcher la nomination d'un candidat et les tractations sont le plus souvent secrètes.

Mais l'Assemblée générale a adopté en septembre 2015 une résolution demandant que les candidats se déclarent ouvertement et communiquent leur CV et leur conception du poste aux 193 États membres, afin que le processus soit plus transparent.

La durée de son mandat est de 5 ans renouvelable (un nombre limite de renouvellement n'a cependant pas été fixé). Jusqu'à présent, à l'exception de Boutros Boutros-Ghali qui n'a effectué qu'un seul mandat, tous les secrétaires généraux ont vu leur mandat renouvelé une fois.

Rôle
Le secrétaire général doit être le plus indépendant possible, c'est pourquoi la pratique veut que la nationalité des différents secrétaires généraux ne soit jamais celle d'un État membre permanent au Conseil de sécurité.

La Charte des Nations unies dans son chapitre XV le charge de remplir toutes les fonctions dont il peut être chargé par le Conseil de sécurité, l'Assemblée générale, le Conseil économique et social ou tout autre organe de l'ONU.

En tant que plus haut fonctionnaire de l'ONU, il peut utiliser son indépendance pour empêcher l'apparition, l'aggravation ou l'extension de tout conflit pouvant mettre en péril le maintien de la paix ou du respect du droit international, notamment en attirant l'attention du Conseil de sécurité.

Candidats

Résultats
Le 8 juin 2021, le Conseil de sécurité a adopté à l'unanimité une résolution recommandant à António Guterres un second mandat à la tête des Nations unies. Sa réélection a été ratifiée par acclamation par l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies le 18 juin 2021, sans vote.

Notes et références

Annexes

 Liste des secrétaires généraux des Nations unies
 Organisation des Nations unies
 Université pour la paix
 Assemblée générale des Nations unies


An Arthrostylidium in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Arthrostylidium in nahilalakip ha familia nga Poaceae.

Ilarom nga taxa

 Arthrostylidium angustifolium
 Arthrostylidium auriculatum
 Arthrostylidium banaoense
 Arthrostylidium berryi
 Arthrostylidium canaliculatum
 Arthrostylidium chiribiquetense
 Arthrostylidium cubense
 Arthrostylidium distichum
 Arthrostylidium ecuadorense
 Arthrostylidium ekmanii
 Arthrostylidium excelsum
 Arthrostylidium farctum
 Arthrostylidium fimbriatum
 Arthrostylidium fimbrinodum
 Arthrostylidium grandifolium
 Arthrostylidium haitiense
 Arthrostylidium judziewiczii
 Arthrostylidium longiflorum
 Arthrostylidium merostachyoides
 Arthrostylidium multispicatum
 Arthrostylidium obtusatum
 Arthrostylidium pubescens
 Arthrostylidium punctulatum
 Arthrostylidium reflexum
 Arthrostylidium sarmentosum
 Arthrostylidium scandens
 Arthrostylidium schomburgkii
 Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum
 Arthrostylidium urbanii
 Arthrostylidium venezuelae
 Arthrostylidium virolinense
 Arthrostylidium youngianum

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Arthrostylidium

Arthrostylidium


Pan-STARRS (forkortelse for: Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System) er to teleskoper placeret ved Haleakala observatoriet på Hawaii. Teleskoperne undersøger kontinuerligt og systematisk, ved hjælp af computer sammenligninger, himmelrummet for objekter der bevæger sig i forhold til stjernerne. Formålet er at opdage endnu ukendte objekter der potentielt kan ramme Jorden. Der foretages også astrometriske og fotometriske målinger af allerede opdagede objekter.

Siden 2014 har Pan-STARRS årligt stået for opdagelsen af næsten halvdelen af alle nærjords-asteroider.

Teleskoper
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Hawaii

Pan-STARRS


Lisbet Hindsgaul, nascida Jonsen (1890–1969), foi uma política dinamarquesa, activista dos direitos das mulheres e auditora parlamentar. Membro do Partido Popular Conservador, ela foi particularmente bem-sucedida na constituição do comité de mulheres do partido, DKFK, entre 1943 e 1961. A partir de 1935 foi membro do Landsting até que foi abolido em 1953, mas não foi eleita para o Folketing. Ela foi particularmente activa na Gronelândia, presidindo à Associação de Assistência às Crianças da Gronelândia (Foreningen til Hjælp for Grønlandske Børn).

Mortos em 1969
Nascidos em 1890
Mulheres da Dinamarca na política
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mulheres)

Lisbet Hindsgaul