Panfilo "Ping" Morena Lacson Sr. (; born June 1, 1948) is a Filipino former politician and police general who served as a Senator for three terms: from 2001 to 2013 and from 2016 to 2022. He was the Director General of the Philippine National Police (PNP) from 1999 to 2001, and was a candidate in the 2004 and 2022 Philippine presidential elections.

During his tenure as the chief of the PNP, he was known for instituting various reforms within the organization. His high approval rating and high-profile anti-corruption campaigns paved the way for his Senate bid in 2001, where he won and placed tenth in the elections. He ran for the presidency in 2004, but lost though he continued to serve as senator until 2007. He won another six-year term in 2007.

After his first two terms in the Senate, Lacson was appointed by then-President Benigno Aquino III as Presidential Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery in December 2013. He led the management and rehabilitation efforts of the central provinces in the Philippines affected by Typhoon Yolanda.

While he initially planned to run for president again in 2016, he opted to run for the Senate in the 2016 elections. He won and ranked fourth in the said elections.

Lacson went on for another attempt for the Presidency of the Philippines during the 2022 Philippine presidential election, however he placed 5th in the race receiving 1.66% of the total vote. After the elections, Lacson said he would contribute to food security through an agri-aqua business.

His career as a police officer became the basis for two local action films: Task Force Habagat (1993) and Ping Lacson: Super Cop (2000).

Early life and education
Panfilo Morena Lacson was born in Imus, Cavite on June 1, 1948. His late mother, Maxima, a market vendor, was a disciplinarian who instilled distinctions between right and wrong with her children.

He finished grade school at the Bayan Luma Elementary School in 1960 and high school at the Imus Institute in 1964. While Lacson initially wanted to be an agent of the National Bureau of Investigation, he was invited by a classmate to take the entrance exams at the Philippine Military Academy. Lacson passed but the classmate who invited him did not.

After his graduation from the PMA in 1971, Lacson was commissioned in the Philippine Constabulary (PC), then a major service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) responsible for maintaining peace and order and enforcement of laws in the country.

In 1996, he earned a postgraduate degree of Master in Government Management from the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila.

Meanwhile, Lacson's advocacy against the pork barrel system and the corruption associated with him was cited by the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila when it conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, on March 27, 2019.

Lacson also received from the Philippine Military Academy the prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award on February 19, 2022, in recognition of his "more than 50 years of "dedicated, exemplary and unblemished service to the country characterized by his faithful adherence to the virtues of Courage, Loyalty and Integrity."

Police career

Early career: PC, PNP, PACC (1971–1999)
Lacson worked at the Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command (Metrocom)'s Intelligence and Security Group (MISG) from 1971 to 1986. Lacson, whose work involved mainly intelligence-gathering, rose through the ranks, becoming Lieutenant Colonel in the mid-1980s. After the 1986 People Power Revolution, he served at the PC-INP Anti-Carnapping Task Force as its commander from 1986 to 1988, as provincial commander of the Province of Isabela from 1988 to 1989, and as commander of the Cebu Metropolitan District Command (Metrodiscom) from 1989 to 1992. In 1991, he joined the then-newly created civilian Philippine National Police, or PNP, formed as a result of the merger of the military Philippine Constabulary and the civilian Integrated National Police or INP. (The INP was formed in 1975 as an integration of all local police forces in the country then under operational control of the PC.) Soon Lacson became Provincial Director of the Province of Laguna from February to July 1992. Afterwards, he was appointed Chief of Task Force Habagat at the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission from 1992 to 1995. From 1996 to April 1997, he was given the task of project officer of "Special Project Alpha." Lacson was appointed Chief of the PNP on November 18, 1999.

American historian Alfred W. McCoy claimed in his 1999 book Closer Than Brothers that Lacson was among those in MISG who tortured prisoners during martial law in the 1970s, which Lacson has vehemently denied. A court case filed in 1983 by alleged martial law torture victims against Lacson and other military officers was closed by 2012 when the Supreme Court upheld the Court of Appeal's 2003 ruling that reversed the Quezon City Regional Trial Court's order for the military officers to pay damages to their alleged victims due to the decision lacking "procedural due process".

Anti-kidnapping and no-take policy
While serving in the Philippine Constabulary's Metropolitan Command, Lacson's work involved mainly solving crimes, including kidnap-for-ransom incidents. In 1981, Lacson was a Lieutenant Colonel with the PC-Metrocom, when he led a team that rescued now-tycoon Robina Gokongwei-Pe, daughter of businessman John Gokongwei Jr., from a kidnap-for-ransom gang.

Robina's family offered Lacson and his team a reward, but Lacson declined it, as part of his no-take policy. Lacson explained he does not want his men to have the wrong mentality of not helping "gusgusin" (poor) complainants who cannot afford to give them rewards. The Gokongweis eventually decided to show their gratitude by donating mobile patrol vehicles to the PC, coursing it through then PC chief Maj. Gen. Fidel Ramos.

In a Twitter post, Lacson recalled advising the elder Gokongwei not to sound intimidated while negotiating with the kidnappers. He said that after Robina's rescue, the elder Gokongwei offered P400,000 as reward money, which he declined. Instead, Gokongwei donated 10 mobile cars to the PC Metrocom. Robina recounted details of the incident in her eulogy to her father.

Lacson, who would later head the Philippine National Police from 1999 to 2001, founded the PNP Foundation in 2000, as a way for civic-minded people to give contributions for the benefit of the PNP as an institution.

During his stint in Cebu, Lacson rescued the son of a Cebu-based retail magnate. The victim's family intended to give the money they prepared as ransom to Lacson and his operatives as a reward, but Lacson declined it. Lacson was said to have told the victim's family that a mere "thank you" was more than enough for him.

In 1992, Lacson was recruited to the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission chaired by then Vice President Joseph Estrada. Lacson headed the PACC's Task Force Habagat, which would go on to solve several kidnap-for-ransom cases.

Anti-jueteng campaign

Aside from kidnap-for-ransom gangs, jueteng and other forms of illegal gambling were also in Lacson's sights when he was in the PC, and eventually in the Philippine National Police.

In 1992, he bared an attempt by local jueteng operators in Laguna to bribe him, initially to the tune of P1.2 million a month. He rejected the offer.

Lacson maintained an all-out effort against jueteng, even if in the process he crossed paths with eventual President Joseph Estrada.

PAOCTF chief (1998–2001)
Under the Estrada administration, Lacson headed the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF), bringing to zero the number of kidnap-for-ransom cases. The PAOCTF also scored high against drug trafficking, smuggling activities, carnapping, illegal possession of firearms and other nefarious activities.

PNP chief: Reforms and kotong cops (1999–2001)
As Chief PNP, Lacson eliminated the "Kotong culture" (bribe culture) among the police officers. He rationalized the distribution of financial and logistical resources by downloading 85 percent to the police frontline units, retaining only 15 percent in the police headquarters. He imposed a strict physical fitness test on all PNP members, invoking a 34-inch maximum waistline for police officers.

Lacson refused to accept bribe money from illegal gambling operators and contractors and suppliers transacting business with the PNP, declining offers of monetary rewards from kidnap-for-ransom victims after rescuing them from their captors.

Meanwhile, Lacson downloaded 85% of the PNP's budget to the operating units to improve the overall management, while removing excess privileges of top police officials.

But most importantly, Lacson stopped the practice of "kotong cops," who extort money from public utility drivers, vegetable and rice dealers, and vendors.

Under Lacson's leadership, the PNP earned a whopping 64% approval rating in July and October 2000, the highest ever recorded from the Filipino people. Lacson himself got an approval rating of 73% as Chief PNP in July 2000, thus regaining the PNP's glory years by restoring public trust in the police force.

Lacson took an optional retirement on February 16, 2001, to run for Senator.

Kuratong Baleleng case

The Kuratong Baleleng of the 1990s was a criminal gang linked to a series of violent crimes that included kidnappings and bank robberies. In some of the robberies, the gang's members would gun down security guards and innocent bystanders.

In 1995, members of a composite task group assigned to stop robberies in Metro Manila were linked to the killing of 11 members of Kuratong Baleleng in Quezon City. The PACC was a part of the composite task force.

In 2003, the High Tribunal ordered the Quezon City Regional Trial Court to try the case against Lacson and 33 other police officials. The trial court dismissed the criminal case, finding absence of probable cause. The special prosecuting team later moved for new trial before the High Tribunal to remand case to the trial court to present new evidence against Senator Lacson, inter alia. On May 2, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines resolved to take cognizance of the motion of the families of the slain Kuratong Baleleng members for revival of the murder case against police officials and Senator Panfilo Lacson.

On November 13, 2012, the Supreme Court in an en banc decision denied the government's motion to revive the case and affirmed the lower court's decision dismissing it.

Dacer–Corbito murder case
On November 24, 2000, publicist Salvador "Bubby" Dacer and his driver Emmanuel Corbito were abducted in Makati. In April 2001, their burnt corpses were found by a creek in Indang, Cavite. The Department of Justice filed double murder charges against Police Senior Superintendent Michael Ray Aquino and other police officers, including Senior Superintendent Cezar Mancao II and Senior Superintendent Glenn Dumlao – all members of Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) headed by then Police Director-General Panfilo Lacson.

In his 2001 affidavit, Senior Superintendent Glenn Dumlao implicated then President Joseph Estrada and then Director-General Panfilo Lacson in the Dacer–Corbito Murder Case. Both Estrada and Lacson denied their involvement.

In 2009, former police senior superintendent Cezar Mancao II named Lacson as the mastermind of the murders of Salvador Dacer and Emmanuel Corbito. The allegations were made in an affidavit that Mancao signed on February 14, 2009. Mancao was allegedly present when Lacson gave the hit order to then Police Senior Superintendent Michael Ray Aquino sometime in October 2000.

Lacson denied these allegations, stating that the Office of the President had pressured Mancao to sign the affidavit.

On January 5, 2010, Lacson left the Philippines on a Cathay Pacific flight to Hong Kong, shortly before charges against him were filed in court. He became a fugitive for the next fifteen months. He had been spotted in Hong Kong and Rome but was never apprehended.

On February 5, 2010, Branch 18 of the Regional Trial Court in Manila issued an arrest warrant against him. On February 11, 2010, Interpol issued a Red Notice for Lacson.

On February 3, 2011, the Court of Appeals withdrew the murder charges against the senator (SP-116057). Its decision cited Mancao as "not a credible and trustworthy witness". Mancao has since turned fugitive after escaping from the custody of the National Bureau of Investigation in May 2013.

Lacson returned to the country on March 26, 2011, a month after the Supreme Court affirmed the Court of Appeals' ruling on the case.

In a 2015 interview with the media, Mancao (still a fugitive) apologized to Lacson and Estrada for linking them in the Dacer–Corbito murders, admitting that he had no personal knowledge on the supposed involvement of the two. He also claimed that he was forced by the Arroyo administration to implicate their names.

PNP Foundation Chairman
While he has retired from the police service, Lacson continues to help the PNP in his capacity as chairman of the PNP Foundation Inc., which donates equipment and other needs of the police force - including support for a project to put up an Open University in collaboration with the University of the Philippines. This will allow PNP personnel to take up required and special training courses online, without necessarily leaving their places of assignment.

As senator from 2017 to 2022, Lacson also amended to augment the budget of the PNP in the annual General Appropriations Act in the total amount of P8,069,970,000 - aside from authoring, sponsoring or co-authoring landmark legislations benefiting the PNP. "I can proudly say without mental reservation and fear of contradiction, being your former Chief, I have paid my dues to the men and women of this proud organization both active and retired," Lacson said in his remarks before the PNP on Aug. 15, 2022.

Political career

Estrada Cabinet
Lacson was appointed by then President Joseph Estrada to head the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) and to serve as Philippine National Police Chief. Lacson's notable accomplishments were the reduction of corrupt policemen (Kotong Cops) and various organized crime syndicates engaged in kidnapping, drug trafficking, and other illegal activities. From April 30 to May 1, 2001, together with Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Miriam Defensor Santiago and Tito Sotto, he led the EDSA III protests against Gloria M. Arroyo. On May 1, 2001, the protesters stormed Malacañang Palace.

First two Senate terms (2001–2013)

Lacson ran for senator in the 2001 elections under the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP), which was affiliated with Estrada's Puwersa ng Masa coalition. He won a seat in the Senate, finishing in tenth place.

In late 2006, Lacson said he might run as mayor of the city of Manila in the 2007 midterm elections. However, he rescinded that decision and instead ran for a second Senate term under the Genuine Opposition coalition. He won reelection in the 2007 senatorial elections senatorial elections, ranking third.

On March 11, 2003, Lacson delivered a speech entitled Living Without Pork, exposing the evils and temptations presented by the pork barrel system, and called for its total abolition. During deliberations on the national budget, he stated he would make sure his PDAF allocation reverted to the National Treasury – in the process saving the government some PhP2.4 billion during his first 12 years in the Senate.

Lacson's advocacy against the pork barrel system and the corruption associated with him was cited by the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila when it conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, on March 27, 2019.

Meanwhile, his Alma Mater, the Philippine Military Academy, conferred on him on February 19, 2022, the Lifetime Achievement Award citing his more than 50 years of "dedicated, exemplary and unblemished service to the country characterized by his faithful adherence to the virtues of Courage, Loyalty and Integrity."

Lacson filed bills that aimed to improve public service, enhance reproductive health, promote investments, bolster the country's defense capabilities,

He was one of the main authors of two legislative measures of the Aquino administration, one of which was the Reproductive Health Act. The measure seeks to promote responsible parenthood and to protect the health of the mother and child by giving them access to reproductive health services. President Benigno Aquino III certified the bill as urgent, allowing Congress to pass it quickly. President Aquino signed it into law as Republic Act 10354 in December 2012.

Another legislative measure where Lacson was a main author was the Sin Tax Reform Act, which imposes higher taxes on tobacco and alcohol products to deter the public from buying such products. Those who buy such products will have to pay higher taxes, whose proceeds will go to the government's universal health program.

For the Sin Tax Reform Act, Lacson had filed Senate Bill No. 2763, which sought to restructure the excise tax on alcohol products; and Senate Bill No. 2764, which sought to restructure the excise tax on tobacco products. President Aquino signed the bill into law as Republic Act 10351.

Lacson authored Senate Bill No. 2783, which strengthened further the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001. His work is now part of Republic Act No. 10167, which was approved and signed into law on June 18, 2012.

Lacson authored an amendment to the Armed Forces of the Philippines Modernization Act, which aims to provide more funds to the military. President Aquino signed the measure as Republic Act 10349 on December 11, 2012.

Lacson filed Senate Bill No. 2993, An Act Providing for a comprehensive law on firearms, light weapons and ammunitions, which was signed into law as Republic Act 10591.

Lacson authored the law converting Imus, Cavite from a municipality into a city. The measure became Republic Act No. 10161 on May 8, 2012.

Lacson filed Senate Bill No. 2945, which reapportioned the province of Cotabato into three legislative districts. The bill was passed into law as Republic Act 10177.

He filed resolutions that led to many officials being held accountable, whether incumbent or former. Among these were:

Resolution No. 518: Directing the Blue Ribbon Committee to look into the alleged anomalous acquisition by the Philippine National Police of light operational helicopters in 2009. The resolution triggered an investigation that led to the filing of criminal charges against the officials and personalities linked to the questionable purchase. Some of them were dismissed from the service.
Resolution No. 519: Directing the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee to look into corruption by the previous board of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office. Many of the officials linked to the irregularity – including former president Gloria Arroyo – have been charged before the graft court.
Resolution No. 537: Directing the Blue Ribbon Committee to investigate electoral sabotage in the 2004 and 2007 elections, which triggered the charges that led to the arrest and detention of former officials, including former president Gloria Arroyo.

Another resolution, Resolution No. 660, sought congratulate new Cardinal and Manila Archbishop Luis Antonio Tagle.

Lacson filed resolutions commending members of the police and military for safeguarding Filipinos, including:
Resolution No. 542: Resolution honoring The Outstanding Philippine Soldiers (TOPS) of 2011
Resolution No. 562: Resolution commending the Country's Outstanding Policemen in Service (COPS) of 2011

As fiscalizer in the Senate, Lacson initiated the investigation of the following:

IMPSA investigation – 2002
Jose Pidal investigation – 2003
Jueteng investigation – 2005
Textbook Scam investigation – 2006 – 2007
Flight of Filipino nurses recruited by Sentosa Recruitment Agency – 2007
Alleged bribery in the failed impeachment bid against President Arroyo – 2007
Overpricing in the decorative lampposts used in the Asean summit in Cebu City – 2007
Irregularities in the multibillion-peso Quedancor swine program – 2008
Plan by the Social Security System to channel workers' pension funds into a government economic stimulus program – 2009
Alleged irregularities in the purchase of video equipment for the Senate's Public Relations and Information Bureau – 2009

2004 presidential campaign

Lacson ran for President in the 2004 general election against the incumbent president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. His candidacy stirred disagreements with its party president, Senator Edgardo Angara. The COMELEC decided to follow what was done in the Quirino-Avelino case splitting the certificates of votes into half. Angara appealed the case before the Supreme Court and reversed the COMELEC decision. Lacson resigned from the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) upon hearing the news.

After resigning from the LDP, Lacson continued campaigning as an independent candidate in the elections. He finished third with 10.88% of the vote, ahead of former senator Raul Roco and Bro. Eddie Villanueva.

Aquino cabinet (2013–2015)
In the aftermath of Super Typhoon Yolanda, that caused widespread destruction, substantial damage and death in several areas in the country, particularly in the Visayas, President Aquino appointed Lacson as Presidential Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery (PARR) with the mandate of unifying the efforts of government and other agencies involved in the rehabilitation and recovery efforts. His office crafted the Yolanda Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan (CRRP) with a PhP167 billion proposed funding, which provides for an overall strategic vision and integrated short-term, medium-term and long-term programs in the Yolanda-affected areas. Lacson's efforts in the Yolanda rehabilitation led to the institutionalization of certain mechanisms on rehabilitation of calamity-affected communities.

In December 2014, Lacson tendered his irrevocable resignation as PARR which took effect in February 2015. He recommended the transition of his office's accomplishments and best practices to a permanent government agency. Lacson viewed the scheduled sunset review of Republic Act 10121, otherwise known as "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010", as an opportune time to propose possible remedial measures that will help improve the effectiveness of the law, especially on the aspect of disaster rehabilitation and recovery.

Lacson pointed out that while his mandate as PARR was to develop a rehabilitation plan, he had no authority to implement or manage funds.

Third Senate term (2016–2022)

Lacson originally planned to run for president in the 2016 election. However, due to low ratings in most pre-election presidential surveys, he decided to run for a senate seat as an independent candidate in the 2016 Philippine general election. He was a guest candidate in the senatorial slates of presidential candidates Jejomar Binay (UNA) and Mar Roxas (LP). He was initially listed in Senator Grace Poe's senatorial lineup, but he was eventually replaced by Edu Manzano. He was also listed in Rodrigo Duterte's (PDP–Laban) senatorial slate. However, on February 15, 2016, the Duterte-Cayetano tandem dropped their entire senatorial lineup.

Lacson, who endorsed former Interior Secretary Mar Roxas' presidential campaign, garnered around 17 million votes in the 2016 elections, earning his way to a Senate seat by ranking fourth in terms of total votes.

In the 17th Congress, Lacson filed Senate Bill 41, the National Reference Act of 2016, which seeks to establish a National ID system that can help government law enforcers deter criminality and terrorism by facilitating the processes of apprehension and prosecution. The system seeks to address the problems of constant delays and inconveniences in availing of basic public services and social security benefits due to inefficient and unreliable means of identifying the beneficiaries. The bill was signed into law as RA 11055 in late 2018.

Lacson filed Senate Bill 42, penalizing a wide range of crimes ranging from drug-related offenses to treason, terrorism, and human trafficking.

Lacson filed Senate Bill 48, which seeks to amend Republic Act 4200 to update the list of crimes where wiretapping may be deemed lawful under certain circumstances. The measure may give law enforcers more teeth against crimes like drugs, money-laundering and coups. On October 19, 2016, Lacson sponsored Senate Bill 1210, the proposed Expanded Anti-Wiretapping Act of 2016.

Other bills filed by Lacson include:

Senate Bill 258, which offers substantial rewards and better protection to witnesses in exchange for coming out and testifying against government officials or employees involved in corruption.
Senate Bill 1025, which strips drug pushers, manufacturers, cultivators, importers and financiers of their rights under the Bank Secrecy Act, so they can no longer hide their ill-gotten money in banks.

Lacson filed bills to ensure professionalism among law enforcers, including:

Senate Bills 255 and 266, which provide added benefits to barangay tanods and captains.
Senate Bill 260, which provides for special financial assistance for families or beneficiaries of police and military personnel, jail officers and firefighters killed or incapacitated in the line of duty.
Senate Bill 971, which provides guidelines on the selection of provincial commanders and city and town chiefs of police.
Senate Bill 1052, which seeks to restore subpoena powers to the PNP's CIDG. This was signed into law as RA 10973.
Senate Bill 1310, which gives the Philippine National Police's Internal Affairs Service more teeth to curb abuses and further enhance discipline in the police agency.

He filed bills seeking to streamline or update the operations of government agencies, including:

Senate Bill 1470, which updates the charter of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office to help it keep up with new variations of lotteries and make it more accountable.
Senate Bill 1471, which addresses Pagcor's "conflicting" roles of regulating and operating gambling casinos by having the agency focus on regulating the industry and giving up its role as operator of such establishments.

But Lacson went after abusive law enforcers, including some rogue cops who took advantage of the government's anti-drug war. At a Senate hearing on January 28, 2017, Lacson showed a video of police officers in civilian clothing, appearing to plant evidence in an anti-drug operation – to stress his call for internal cleansing in the PNP.

In the 18th Congress, Lacson filed Senate Bill 23, the Budget Reform for Village Empowerment Act of 2016. The bill seeks to give local government units an active role in nation building by providing them with funding for development projects.

Lacson re-filed in the 18th Congress his bills on anti-terrorism (Senate Bill 21) and anti-wiretapping (Senate Bill 22). Of the two, the Anti-Terrorism bill became part of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 3, 2020. Other bills Lacson re-filed included:

Senate Bill 24, which encourages people's participation in deliberations on the national budget to prevent pork.
Senate Bill 25, which requires registration of prepaid SIM cards to prevent scams and crimes involving identity theft.
Senate Bill 26, which excludes government employees, including the President, from protection of the Philippine Bank Secrecy Act.
Senate Bill 27, which reimposes the death penalty on heinous crimes.
Senate Bill 28, which imposes heavier penalties on false testimonies.
Senate Bill 29, which assures that parents who enter their twilight years will get support from their children.
Senate Bill 30, the proposed Anti-Political Dynasty Act.
Senate Bill 246, the Real Property Valuation and Assessment Reform Act.
Senate Bill 247, the Anti-Contraband in Prison Act of 2019.
Senate Bill 248, Whistleblower Act of 2019.
Senate Bill 249, The National Defense Act of 2019.
Senate Bill 250, The Land Administration Reform Act of 2019.
Senate Bill 251, The Local Government Units' Income Classification Act of 2019.
Senate Bill 252, Additional Barangay Captains' Insurance Act of 2019.
Senate Bill 253, Upgrading the Benefits and Incentives of Barangay Tanods.
Senate Bill 254, An Act Establishing the PAF Academy and Appropriating Funds Therefor.
Senate Bill 255, Exemptions in Requirements for Conversion of a Municipality into a Component City.

2022 presidential campaign

On September 8, 2021, Lacson and Tito Sotto launched their bid for president and vice president respectively, for the 2022 Philippine national election. Lacson and Sotto vowed to provide a stronger response to the pandemic, and vowed to restore public trust in the government. Lacson is the first to declare his bid for the presidency.

In late July 2021, Lacson became chairman of Partido Reporma, a political party founded by former Philippine defense secretary Renato de Villa. De Villa was Lacson's former superior in the Philippine Constabulary. This was shortly after Lacson and Sotto announced their plans to officially launch their candidacies for the 2022 Philippine presidential election. Sotto is chairman of the Nationalist People's Coalition. On October 6, 2021, Lacson and Sotto filed their certificates of candidacy for president and vice president respectively with the Comelec.

On February 8, 2022, during his proclamation rally in his hometown of Imus, Cavite, Lacson stressed his platform will be based on uplifting the lives of Filipinos by fixing the ills of government and getting rid of thieves, especially those in the government. Lacson said promoting transparency and stopping corruption will be his priority should he be elected. He said he would do this by enforcing discipline in the bureaucracy. Lacson said he will sign a waiver of his rights to the Bank Secrecy Law and encourage all government officials and employees to do the same. Lacson vowed to undertake a massive internal cleansing of the bureaucracy, going first after those with pending cases involving corruption and negligence.

He stressed as well a "Filipino first" policy, granting incentives to local industries for prioritizing local production and labor. The "Filipino first" policy extends to the agriculture sector and food security to protect Filipino farmers and fishermen. Lacson said it is unacceptable that the Philippines imports galunggong (fish) and vegetables that Filipino farmers are producing.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Lacson said he and Sotto will maintain a disciplined campaign amid the pandemic, having their organizers and supporters observe health protocols.

On March 24, 2022, after Partido Reporma switched its endorsement to Leni Robredo, he resigned from the party and became an independent candidate.

Political positions

Anti-pork advocacy
In late 2016, Lacson discovered and moved to take out some P8.3 billion in "pork-like" insertions made by the House of Representatives. Lacson noted that House members were allowed to identify P80 million worth of projects before the submission of the 2017 National Expenditure Program to Congress for deliberations – the pork barrel system already declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. This prompted the Senate to realign P8.3 billion in the proposed 2017 national budget to cover tuition of students in state colleges and universities.

For the 2019 budget, Lacson raised questions about the post-ratification tweaks made by the House leadership to the spending bill, saying that this would violate the 1987 Constitution's Art. VI, Sec. 26, Paragraph 2: "Upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto SHALL be allowed." He also noted P72.319 billion was slashed from the DPWH's MFO 1 and 2, which covers the Duterte administration's "Build Build Build" program. The projects under the MFO (Major Final Output) had already been planned and vetted.

Meanwhile, in the proposed 2020 budget, Lacson cited information from some House members regarding a plan to give each district P700 million, and each of 22 deputy Speakers P1.5 billion. The plan was eventually scrapped. Lacson's revelations prompted some House members to demand an apology from Lacson, but Lacson said there is nothing to apologize for, as he is guarding the budget. House members demanded that he named his sources, but Lacson refused, saying that he gets more information because he protects his sources. Lacson said that such complaints will not distract him from scrutinizing the 2020 budget bill.

Capital punishment
Lacson had been pushing for the restoration of the death penalty, filing a bill seeking to "re-impose the death penalty on certain heinous crimes" in 2019. After he entered the presidential race in the upcoming 2022 presidential election, however, he reversed his decision on the issue after watching the film The Life of David Gale. As a presidential aspirant, Lacson vowed to retract the death penalty bill he filed before the Senate "if it's still there", arguing that "it is more important to save the life of someone innocent and convicted than to execute someone who is really convicted and proven to have committed a crime".

Exposing "Tara (payoffs)" system at the Bureau of Customs
On August 23, 2017, Lacson delivered a privilege speech at the Senate, where he narrated details of corruption at the Bureau of Customs. This led to Faeldon being cited in contempt by the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee after he refused to testify in the probe on illegal drugs.

On September 28, Lacson filed charges against Faeldon and several others before the Office of the Ombudsman over rice smuggling in March 2017.

Detailing "Conflict of Interest" at the DOH, PhilHealth
In a privilege speech on July 29, 2019, Lacson detailed how the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth) was spending beyond its means while its higher-ups "seem to turn a blind eye." He said this was due partly to the new reimbursement rates where PhilHealth "pays per case and not by actual expenses."

Lacson also bared WellMed, a company suspended for making fake benefit claims, was still receiving payments from PhilHealth.

Also, Lacson said the family of Health Secretary and ex-officio PhilHealth chairman Francisco Duque III had entered into a lease agreement with PhilHealth's Region 1 office where the agency rented the building owned by the Duque family's EMDC in Dagupan City. Lacson said a General Information Sheet of EMDC showed Secretary Duque was among the stockholders of the company, thus indicating a conflict of interest.

In addition, Lacson said Doctors Pharmaceuticals Inc., a company owned by Secretary Duque's relatives, bids for government contracts with the DOH. The company was found in 2015 by the Food and Drug Administration of manufacturing for other companies, and was slapped a cease-and-desist order in June 2015. The FDA also ordered the recall of all drug products, but a tip that prompted an FDA inspection showed the firm was still operating. The FDA also found non-conformance with Good Manufacturing Practice.

The revelations triggered separate investigations by Malacanang and the Senate. Malacanang said that while Secretary Duque, who denied the allegations, still enjoys President Rodrigo Duterte's trust, it will not stop him from attending the congressional investigations.

"Designated Survivor" Bill to ensure the order of presidential succession
On August 28, 2019, Lacson filed Senate Bill 982, an "Act Prescribing the Order of Presidential Succession." The bill was also known as the "Designated Survivor" bill due to its similarity to the US and Korean shows that featured a designated official being kept in a safe, remote area to act as president should the President and his/her successors be killed or incapacitated in a terrorist attack or major calamity. Lacson confirmed he drew inspiration from the Netflix show.

Proposed Philippine Building Act
In the wake of recent quakes that hit Mindanao, Lacson filed Senate Bill 1239, updating the 1977 National Building Code. "Experience tells us that there is an urgent need to strengthen the overall policy on how buildings and structures are built in the country. Not to mention the country's geographical location along the boundary of major tectonic plates and at the center of the typhoon belt, coupled by its socially and economically vulnerable population, it becomes even more imperative to review our four-decade-old National Building Code," Lacson said.

R&D advocacy
Lacson pushed for bigger state investments in research and development, which he noted accounts for only 0.4 percent of the national budget from 2016 to 2020. To remedy this, he proposed increases in the R&D budget of the Department of Science and Technology, including a P250M increase for the Office of the Secretary; P50M increase for the Science for Change Program: Niche Center in the Regions for Research and Development (NICER); P100M for the Space Technology and Applications Mastery, Innovation and Advancement (STAMINA4Space); and P100M for the Collaborative Research and Development to Leverage Philippine Economy (CRADLE) program.

He reiterated the importance of research and development in March 2020, amid government preparations to deal with the COVID-19 threat.

Lacson vowed a "historic increase" of budget infusion for research and development efforts should he be elected President.

Anti-Terrorism Law
Lacson is one of the authors and the sponsor in the Senate of what is now Republic Act 11479, the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 3, 2020. The law replaces the Human Security Act of 2007 (RA 9372), which he noted became a dead-letter law as some of its provisions – including a P500,000 daily penalty for the wrongful detention of a suspected terrorist – discouraged law enforcers from using it to charge suspected terrorists. In more than 10 years in effect, the 2007 law resulted in just one conviction and just one proscribed terrorist organization such as the Abu Sayyaf Group, he added.

The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 fills the gaps in the 2007 law by making punishable inchoate offenses – Section 6 penalizes planning, training, preparing and facilitating the commission of terrorism – as well as providing the mechanism allowing the freezing of assets used to finance terrorism, but does not cover protests, mass actions and other actions covered in the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Constitution.

In addressing claims the law could allow abuse, Lacson said there are safeguards such as 10-year jail terms and perpetual disqualification from public office for law enforcers who fail to comply with the requirement to report the arrest of a suspected terrorist to the nearest court and to the Commission on Human Rights. As such, he pointed out the law is "swift, effective and constitutional".

Legislative record

Free irrigation law for farmers (Republic Act No. 10969)
Shortly after assuming his Senate post in 2016, Lacson filed a bill providing free irrigation for farmers. The bill was consolidated in Senate Bill 1465, which along with House Bill 5670 were the basis for Republic Act 10969 – the Free Irrigation Service Act – which President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law on February 2, 2018.

Anti-hazing law (Republic Act No. 11053)
Lacson chaired a Senate committee investigation into the fatal hazing of law student Horacio "Atio" Castillo III in September 2017. The probe found indications of a cover-up attempt via Facebook chat by Aegis Jvris fraternity, the organization Castillo sought to join. The probe resulted in Senate Bill 1662, which updated the existing Anti-Hazing Act of 1995 by imposing heavier penalties on hazing. The bill passed third and final reading in the Senate on February 12, 2018. It also passed the bicameral conference committee on February 28, 2018. The bill finally became a law after President Rodrigo Duterte signed it on June 29, 2018.

Under the new law, the definition of hazing was expanded to include "physical or psychological suffering, harm or injury inflicted on a recruit, member, neophyte, or applicant" as a prerequisite for admission or for continued membership in an organization. Banned under the law are "all forms of hazing" not only in fraternities, sororities or organizations in schools, but also those in communities and even businesses and uniformed service learning institutions.

The law also requires schools to be "more active and proactive" in regulating school-based initiation rites, with schools required to exercise reasonable supervision and take proactive steps to protect students from danger of participating in activities that will involve hazing. Penalties include imprisonment of up to 40 years and fines of up to PHP3 million.

Anti-crime laws
Lacson filed several anti-crime bills that were passed into law, including:

* Amendment to the Anti-Money Laundering Act to include casinos as covered persons. It was signed into law as Republic Act 10927. Lacson also primarily authored Republic Act 9194, the Anti-Money Laundering Act.

* Restoration of subpoena powers to the PNP-CIDG. The bill was signed into law as Republic Act 10973.

* A retirement and benefits system for the Office of the Ombudsman, which is part of what is now Republic Act 11059.

* Transferring the training of police recruits to the PNP, signed into law as Republic Act 11279.

National ID law (Republic Act No. 11055)
Lacson sponsored the bill seeking to establish a National ID system in the Philippines. In his sponsorship speech, Lacson said the National ID system seeks to harmonize, integrate and interconnect the "countless and redundant" government-issued ID cards. The proposed measure – Senate Bill 1738 – was approved in the Senate with a vote of 17–2 on March 19, 2018.

On August 6, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed the National ID measure into law, as Republic Act 11055. Lacson, the principal sponsor of the measure and a perennial author since 2001, expressed thanks to Duterte, as it was under his term that the national ID system saw the light of day.

PNP rank classification law (Republic Act 11200)
On February 8, 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11200, which provides for a rank classification in the Philippine National Police. Lacson said the new law, where he is the principal author and sponsor, eliminates confusion on how PNP officers must be addressed, but more importantly, "allows for better coordination between the PNP and other law enforcement units in countering terrorism and other threats to national security." He added: "We cannot afford any delay in coordination in counter-terrorism operations and operations against other threats to national security."

Under the new law, the PNP's rank classification shall be as follows:
Director-General to Police General
Deputy Director-General to Police Lieutenant General
Director to Police Major General
Chief Superintendent to Police Brigadier General
Senior Superintendent to Police Colonel
Superintendent to Police Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Inspector to Police Major
Senior Inspector to Police Captain
Inspector to Police Lieutenant
SPO4 to Police Executive Master Sergeant
SPO3 to Police Chief Master Sergeant
SPO2 to Police Senior Master Sergeant
SPO1 to Police Master Sergeant
PO3 to Police Staff Sergeant
PO2 to Police Corporal
PO1 to Patrolman/Patrolwoman

Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 (Republic Act No. 11479)
Lacson sponsored in the Senate what is now the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 (Republic Act No. 11479). In his sponsorship speech for the measure in October 2019, Lacson said the country needs "a legal framework for anti-terrorism that is clear, concise, balanced, and rational." He added the 2007 Human Security Act – which the 2020 anti-terror law replaced – had become a dead-letter law, with only one conviction in the more than 10 years it was in effect.

Also, Lacson pointed out the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 fills the gaps in the 2007 law by making punishable inchoate offenses – Section 6 penalizes planning, training, preparing and facilitating the commission of terrorism – as well as providing the mechanism allowing the freezing of assets used to finance terrorism.

But he stressed the law is not meant to stifle dissent as claimed by some groups, as Section 4 makes clear it does not cover advocacy, protest, dissent, stoppage of work, industrial or mass action, and other similar exercises of civil and political rights that are not intended to cause death or serious physical harm to a person, to endanger a person's life, or to create a serious risk to public safety. Lacson said he is ready to closely monitor and call out potential abuses in the implementation of the law, adding he will not allow anyone to pervert the legislative intent of the measure that he had painstakingly sponsored on the Senate floor.

He noted the bill had gone through the gauntlet in the legislative branch, with its provisions earning the nod of constitutionalists and legal heavyweights in both houses of Congress.

On September 2, 2022, Lacson reiterated that the CPP-NPA-NDF, which was designated not only by the government of the Republic of the Philippines but also by the European Union, the United States of America and four other countries (Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand) — "is unequivocally an enemy of the state." He also scored suggestions to amend the Anti-Terrorism Act, saying this would be "a disrespect to our comrades-in-arms as well as the countless civilians who fell victims to the atrocities of this terrorist group that has lost its ideological principles over the years – they murder, they rob, they extort, they harass and intimidate and worse, indiscriminately."

Easing conversion of municipalities into cities (Republic Act 11683)
Lacson filed Senate Bill 255 in July 2019, seeking to ease the requirements for municipalities to become cities. The measure lapsed into law in April 2022 as Republic Act 11683. The law amends Section 450 of RA 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991, exempting a municipality from the land and population requirements if it generates at least P100 million for two consecutive years.

Law ending revolving-door policy in the AFP (Republic Act 11705)
Lacson co-authored and sponsored Senate Bill 2376, which President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law as Republic Act 11709. The law provides fixed terms for the AFP Chief of Staff and other senior officers, among others, to ensure professionalism in the institution. Lacson was the principal author and sponsor of Senate Bill 2869 in the 15th Congress, which also sought to provide fixed terms for the AFP's chief of staff and major service commanders. But it was vetoed by then President Benigno Aquino III at the time.

"Finally, we will see an end to the revolving-door policy in the AFP. The leaders of our AFP will have the opportunity to implement their legacy programs instead of staying in office too briefly," said Lacson, adding that "(t)he revolving-door policy has always been a disservice to the mandates of the military leadership entrusted with the security and defense of the country."

Other laws
Lacson also primarily authored:

Republic Act No. 9163, The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001
Republic Act No. 9166, An Act Increasing the Base Pay of the members of the AFP
Republic Act No. 9208, The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
Republic Act No. 9416, Anti-Cheating Act of 2007
Republic Act No. 9484, The Philippine Dental Act of 2007
Republic Act No. 9485, Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007

He was also one of the co-authors of the following laws:
Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Republic Act No. 9189, otherwise known as the Absentee Voting Act
Republic Act No. 9287, otherwise known as the Anti-Jueteng and Illegal Numbers Game
Republic Act No. 9406, An Act Reorganizing the Public Attorney's Office
Republic Act No. 11691, An Act Creating the Office of the Judiciary Marshals

Helping in food security
After his Senate term ended at noon of June 30, 2022, Lacson said he would retire but continue to help in food security through an agri-aqua venture. He said this new chapter in his life involves seeking to boost Philippine agriculture by planting the protein-rich sorghum while engaging in small-scale feed mills, hatcheries and fish cage farming in Mindanao and Luzon. Through this, he said they hope to contribute to help make the Philippines food-sufficient while providing Filipino farmers with additional income outside the traditional rice planting season.

Personal life
Lacson is married to Alice de Perio and he had 4 children including his son Panfilo "Pampi" Lacson Jr., who has a son with actress and former wife Jodi Sta. Maria, and a daughter with partner Iwa Moto.

His success story in law enforcement inspired a movie titled "Ping Lacson: Super Cop" in 2000. He was portrayed by action star Rudy Fernandez.

Another film, 10,000 Hours in 2013, was based on Lacson's flight in 2010. It starred Robin Padilla, who was elected senator in 2022.

References

External links

Senate of the Philippines – Senator Panfilo M. Lacson

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1948 births
Living people
Assistants to the President of the Philippines
Benigno Aquino III administration personnel
Candidates in the 2004 Philippine presidential election
Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election
Estrada administration personnel
Filipino police chiefs
Filipino anti-communists
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino politicians
Lyceum of the Philippines University alumni
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila alumni
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma politicians
People from Imus
Philippine Constabulary personnel
Philippine Military Academy alumni
Philippine Military Academy Class of 1971
Senators of the 12th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 13th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 14th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 15th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 17th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 18th Congress of the Philippines
Tagalog people
United Opposition (Philippines) politicians

Panfilo Lacson


KF Laçi je profesionalni nogometni klub koji iz grada Laç, Albanija. Natječe se u Albanskoj Superligi.

Povijest
Osnovan je 1960. godine kao Industriali Laç. Godine 1991. mijenja ime u KS Laçi, da bi sadašnje ime usvojio 1997. godine. Prvi trofej osvaja u sezoni 2008./09. kada je bio prvak Prve divizije. Prvi nastup u europskim natjecanjima ostvaruje u sezoni 2010./11. kada je u okviru prve kvalifikacijske runde Europske lige igrao protiv Dnepr Mogileva. Tradicionalne boje su crna i bijela. Domaće utakmice igra na stadionu Laçi.

Uspjesi
Albanska Prva divizija:
 Prvak (1): 2008./09.

Albanska Druga divizija:
 Finalist (1): 1974./75.

Albanski nogometni kup:
 Prvak (2): 2012./13., 2014./15.

Europski nastupi

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica

Laçi, KF

KF Laçi


An Stipa caudata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius. An Stipa caudata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stipa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Stipa

Stipa caudata


Amprenta este un film românesc din 1967 regizat de Vladimir Popescu-Doreanu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Constantin Brezeanu, Marga Barbu, Emanoil Petruț.

Prezentare

Distribuție

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.284.331 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1967 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1967

Amprenta


Heterosternuta es un género de coleópteros adéfagos  perteneciente a la familia Dytiscidae.

Especies
Heterosternuta allegheniana	(Matta & Wolfe 1979)
Heterosternuta alleghenianus	(Matta & Wolfe 1979)
Heterosternuta cocheconis	(Fall)
Heterosternuta diversicornis	(Sharp)
Heterosternuta laeta	(Leech 1948)
Heterosternuta laetus	(Leech 1948)
Heterosternuta ouachita	(Matta & Wolfe 1979)
Heterosternuta ouachitus	(Matta & Wolfe 1979)
Heterosternuta phoebeae	Wolfe & Harp 2003
Heterosternuta pulcher	(LeConte 1855)
Heterosternuta pulchra	(LeConte 1855)
Heterosternuta sulphuria	(Matta & Wolfe 1979)
Heterosternuta sulphurius	(Matta & Wolfe 1979)
Heterosternuta wickhami	Zaitzev

Referencias

 ;  1998: Description of the larval stages of Heterosternuta diversicornis (Sharp) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae). Entomologica scandinavica, 29(1): 39-46.
 ;  2009: New distribution records of an endemic diving beetle, Heterosternuta sulphuria (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), in Arkansas with comments on habitat and conservation. Southwestern naturalist, 54(3): 357-361.
 ;  2003: A new species of predaceous diving beetle, Heterosternuta phoebeae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), from the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. Coleopterists bulletin, 57(2): 117-121.  JSTOR

Enlaces externos

 EoL

 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Hydroporini

Heterosternuta


ප්‍රධාන නර්තන ශිල්පියාට අමතරව ඔහුගේ / ඇයගේ සහකරු ලෙස නැතහොත් පසුබිම් රංගනයේ යෙ‍දෙන පිරිසට මෙලෙස පසුබිම් රංගන ශිල්පීන් යැයි කියනු ලැබේ. මෙහිදී මෙම පසුබිම් හෝ සහායක නර්තනය මගින් ප්‍රධාන රංගනයෙහි රිද්මයානුකූල චලනයන්ට අනෙකුත් භාවයන්ට සමබරතාවයක් ලබාදේ.

දැනට සංගීත ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ දිදුලන කලාකරුවන් අතරින් කිහිපදෙනෙකු ඔවුන්ගේ වෘත්තීය ආරම්භ කර ඇත්තේද පසුබිම් රංගන ශිල්පීන් ලෙසය .පහත දැක්වෙන්නේ ඉන් කිහිප දෙනෙකි,

1.	ටූපැක් ශාකූර් (ඩිජිටල් අන්ඩර්ග්‍රවුන්ඩිහි පසුබිම් නර්තනය)

2.	ජෙනිෆර් ලෝපේස් (නිව් කිඩ්ස් ඔන්ද ඕලොක් සහ 1993 වසරේ ජැනට් ජැක්සන්ගේ "දැට්ස් ද  වේලව් ගෝස්" නිර්මාණයට පසුබිමෙන් දායක විය.)

3.	ක්‍රිස් ජූඩ් (නම පළමු බිරිඳ වූ ජෙනිෆර් ලෝපේස්ගේ 2001වසරේ ඉදිරිපත් කළ "ලව් ඩසන්ට් කාස්ට ද තින්ග්" නිර්මාණයේ සහකාර නර්තනය)

4.	රේන් (පාක්-ජින්-යන්ග් පාක්-ජි-යූන්)

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_dancer

පසුබිම් නර්තනය


Pájaros foi um grupo armado ilegal que existiu durante a época da chamada La Violencia, sendo formado por camponeses e habitantes de afiliação conservadora, provenientes de povoados com esta afiliação, principalmente no Valle del Cauca e especialmente em Tuluá, sendo um esquadrão da morte semelhante ao Los Chulavitas (uma facção parapolicial conservadora que atuava no Planalto Cundiboyacense). O objetivo dos "Pájaros" - nome dado em 1950 após a ascensão de Laureano Gómez à presidência - era assassinar e intimidar os moradores e camponeses de afiliação liberal que se opunham aos governos de Mariano Ospina Pérez e Laureano Gómez. Os "Pájaros" eram pagos com grandes somas de dinheiro por vários membros do alto comando conservador.

La Violencia

Pájaros


As Águias do Furacão (, Nusour al Zawba'a) são o braço armado do Partido Social Nacionalista Sírio. Composta por 6.000 a 8.000 homens e mulheres, participaram de muitas batalhas e operações durante a Guerra Civil Síria lutando ao lado do Exército Árabe Sírio e seus aliados e participando de várias operações militares.

Ideologia
As Águias são o braço armado do PSNS e, portanto, compartilham as mesmas ideologias e objetivos. A ideologia central do PSNS é o nacionalismo sírio e a crença no conceito de uma 'Grande Síria' ou 'Síria Natural' que se estende desde os Montes Tauro ao norte da Síria até o Canal de Suez no Egito.

Ver também
 Lista de grupos armados na Guerra Civil Síria
 Cristãos na Síria

Alas militares de partidos políticos
Guerra Civil Síria

Águias do Furacão


An Juncus tingitanus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni René Charles Maire ngan Marc Weiller. An Juncus tingitanus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus tingitanus


Courtney Solomon (born September 1, 1970) is a film producer from Toronto, Ontario. He has been involved with production, marketing, and distribution of over 80 movies. In 2000, at the age of 29, he produced and directed the critically panned Dungeons & Dragons film.

Life and career

At 19, he formed Sweetpea Entertainment to acquire the film rights to "Dungeons & Dragons". Dungeons & Dragons became his first production and direction project. It was a box office disappointment

As owner of Sweetpea Entertainment, Solomon was looking to acquire the media rights to a science-fiction property that could be adapted into a television series or an MMORPG. In 1996, in exchange for the equity position and media rights to Traveller, Sweetpea advanced the money to get Imperium Games started as a company to be dedicated solely to Traveller.

He later formed After Dark Films to produce horror, thriller, and action titles. He launched it with An American Haunting, which he wrote, produced, and directed. It is a story based on Tennessee's Bell Witch legend. It opened #2 in the US, staying in the top ten films for 6 weeks. This success resulted in a long-term distribution and co-production arrangement with Lionsgate Films. Today, After Dark owns its own film library of over 80 films.

In 2014, Solomon partnered with Mark Canton on a number of films, including Cake. Other films were Mr. Church (Eddie Murphy), The Comedian (Robert DeNiro and Leslie Mann), The Yellow Birds (Tye Sheridan, Alden Ehrenreich, Jack Huston, Jennifer Aniston, and Toni Collette), and Burn Your Maps (Vera Farmiga and Jacob Tremblay).

In 2018, he acquired the rights to and produced the first film based on the novel series After. The film of the same name was released in April 2019. The sequel, After We Collided, was released in 2020. In the same year, he also acquired the rights to the underground comic universe of the Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers created by Gilbert Shelton in 1968.

He also has several films going into production, including Arthur The King starring Mark Wahlberg and Red Sonja, based on the character and comic book by Roy Thomas and Barry Smith.

Filmography

Producer only
 Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God (2005)
 Captivity (2007)
 Universal Soldier: Regeneration (2009)
 The Butterfly Effect 3: Revelations (2009)
 Slaughter (2009)
 Perkins' 14 (2009)
 Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (2009)
 Prowl (2010)
 The Task (2011)
 Seconds Apart (2011)
 Husk (2011)
 Fertile Ground (2011)
 51 (2011)
 Scream of the Banshee (2011)
 Transit (2012)
 Bullet to the Head (2012)
 Dragon Eyes (2012)
 El Gringo (2012)
 The Philly Kid (2012)
 Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning (2012)
 Stash House (2012)
 Dark Circles (2013)
 Enemies Closer (2013)
 Ritual (2013)
 Murder in the Dark (2013)
 Cake (2014)
 Re-Kill (2015)
 Bastard (2015)
 The Wicked Within (2015)
 Wind Walkers (2015)
 Mr. Church (2016)
 Burn Your Maps (2016)
 The Comedian (2016)
 The Yellow Birds (2017)
 Nightmare Cinema (2018)
 The Woman in the Window (2021)
 The Strangers: Chapter 1 (2024)
 The Strangers: Chapter 2 (2024)
 The Strangers: Chapter 3 (2024)

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Film producers from Ontario
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian film executives
Film directors from Toronto
Writers from Toronto
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Jewish Canadian filmmakers

Courtney Solomon


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Lopašov enthält das eine nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützte Objekt in der Gemeinde Lopašov im Okres Skalica.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Lopasov


Olha Anatoliïvna Bouslavets (en ) est une femme politique ukrainienne, née le  à Makiïvka.

Biographie
Elle est diplômée de l'université technologique nationale de Donetsk en 1997.

Carrière politique

Elle est ministre du gouvernement Chmyhal.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en RSS d'Ukraine
Ministre ukrainienne
Naissance dans l'oblast de Donetsk
Naissance en mars 1975
Étudiant de l'université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev

Olha Bouslavets


Anglo-Sakson sistemi, (İngilizce: common law), özellikle tarihinde Birleşik Krallık sömürgesi olan birçok ülkenin hukuki temellerini oluşturur. Emsal kararlar yansıtan, kapsamlı yasallaşmamış kanunları dikkat çeken özellikleri arasında yer alır. Bu emsal kararlar yüzyıllarca yargıçlar tarafından gerçek davalarda verilen hükümlerden elde edilmiştir.

Tarihî gelişimi

Common Law
1066 yılında İngiltere'nin Normanlar tarafından istilasından sonra Normanlar bütün ülkede geçerli olacak bir hukuk sistemi yarattılar. Ülkenin her bir tarafına gezici yargıçlar gönderildi. Bu yargıçlar gittikleri bölgedeki örf ve adetleri de göz önünde bulundurarak hukukî sorunları çözmeye başladılar. Bu sistemdeki amaç ülkenin tamamının yargıçlar tarafından oluşturulan ortak bir hukuka sahip olmasıydı. Nitekim bu nedenle sistemin adı Common Law, yani ortak hukuk adını almıştır. Common Law bu dönemde oldukça katı ve şekilciydi. Dava açabilmek için Lord Chancellor'dan (Adalet Bakanı) "writ" (ferman) almak gerekiyordu. Üstelik bu fermana uygun olmayan durumlarda dava açılması mümkün değildi. Bunun yanında, Common Law sistemine göre sözleşmeye uyulmaması hâlinde mahkemenin verebileceği tek karar, uymayan tarafın tazminat ödemesiydi, yani aynen ifa gibi bir yetkisi yoktu.

Equity Law
Common Law mahkemelerinde adaleti bulamayanlar "Tanrı aşkına ve merhameten (for the love of God and the way of charity)" Kral'a başvurmaya başladılar. Bu başvurularla ilgilenilmesi görevi önce Curia Legis (Kral'ın danışma meclisi) isimli kurula, sonra da Lord Chancellor'a verildi. Böylece Chancellor Mahkemeleri kurulmuş oldu. Common Law sisteminden farklı olarak, bu mahkemelerde dava açmak için ferman almak gerekmiyordu, bir dilekçe yazmak yeterliydi. Bu mahkemede, Common Law sisteminden eksik kalan biçimsel kuralları telafi edebilmek için birtakım hakkaniyet ve nesafet kuralları geliştirildi. 1474 yılı itibarıyla bu kurallar iyice belirginleşti ve bu sisteme Equity Law, yani eşitlik hukuku adı verildi.

Bu sistem, Common Law sistemine göre daha kolay işleyen bir sürece sahip olduğu için oldukça hızlı bir şekilde büyüdü. Öyle ki, ilerleyen süreçle birlikte Common Law sistemi ile çatışmaya başladı. Artık hangi sistemin diğerinden daha üstün olduğu tartışılmaya başlanmıştı. Kral I. James, çatışma hâlinde Equity Law sisteminin daha üstün olacağına karar verdi. Fakat yine de bu çatışmalar devam etti. Nihayet, 1873 ve 1875 yıllarında çıkarılan kanunlar ile, mahkemeler istedikleri sistemi uygulayabilme yetkisi elde etti.

Statute Law
Geçmişten gelen Common Law ve Equity Law sistemleri, gelişen ve değişen hayat şartlarına uyum sağlayamaz hâle gelince, oluşan bu soruna çare olması amacıyla Statute Law sistemine geçildi. Bu sistem, oluşan yeni sorunların yasama faaliyetleriyle çözülmesine dayanıyordu, bu nedenle de adı Statute Law (kanun hukuku) olmuştu. Kuralların kaynağı, bizzat parlamento idi, hâkimler de bu kuralları aynen uygulamak mecburiyetindeydi.

Common Law terimi, dar anlamda yukarıda da anlatıldığı gibi çeşitli biçimsel ve esasa dair özellikleri olan hukuk sistemi anlamına gelmekle birlikte, aynı zamanda geniş anlamda da bu üç hukuk sistemini de içine alan bir kavram olarak kullanılır. Yani günümüz Anglo-Sakson hukuk sistemi de Common Law olarak bilinir.

Özellikleri

"Common Law" (Ortak Hukuk) adı verilen sistem "Anglosakson Hukuku" olarak da bilinir. Anglosakson sözcüğü İngiliz milletini ifade eder. Bileşik bir kelimeden oluşan kavram İngiltere'yi tarih içinde istila eden iki kavmin adıdır; Angluslar ve Saksonlar. Bu hukuk sisteminde yazılı olma zorunluluğu yoktur. Örneğin İngiltere'nin bugün yazılı bir Anayasası yoktur. Yazılı Medeni Kanunları ve Ticaret Kanunları bulunmaz. İngiliz Töresi yazılı hukuka eşdeğer sayılır (Örfi Hukuk). Fakat yazılı kısımlar da mevcuttur (Yazılı Hukuk: Statute Law). Ör: İngiliz Ceza Kanunu yazılıdır. Common Law'ın eksikliklerini gidermek için Hakkaniyet Mahkemeleri (Equity Court) sistemi kurulmuştur. Buna da Equity Law (Hakkaniyet Hukuku) denildi. İngiliz Sisteminde her yargıç davayı sonuçlandırırken daha önce görülmüş benzer davaların kararlarını dikkate almak zorundadır. Hukuk bölümlere ayrılmamıştır, bütündür. Mahkemeler uzmanlaşmış değildir geneldir. Kamu Hukuku - Özel Hukuk ayrımı ile Adli Mahkeme - İdari Mahkeme ayrımı yoktur. Töre, hukukun asli kaynakları arasında yer alır. Hakimler, bir gelenek kuralı varsa bunu uygular. Hakimlerin vicdani bağımsızlıklarına büyük önem verilir ve güvence altına alınmıştır. Hâkimler sistemin en önemli unsurlarıdır. Hakimlere büyük önem verilmekte ve bu sebeple de sınırlı sayıda hâkim bulunmaktadır. İngiltere'de göreceli olarak (diğer ülkelerle kıyaslandığında) daha az sayıda yargıç bulunmakta ve tüm sistem sorunsuz bir şekilde işlemektedir. Bunun temel sebebi, her sorunu hakimin önüne gelmeden çözecek mekanizmaların oluşturulmuş olmasıdır (Uzlaşma ve Pazarlık sistemi). Hakkaniyet (Equity) kavramında hukukun herkese eşit olarak uygulanıp uygulanmadığına bakılır. Sözcüğün Türkçe tam karşılığı aslında "Eşitleyicilik" demektir. Bir şeyin şeklen hukuka uygun olmasının onun her zaman doğru olmayabileceği anlayışı savunulur. Özünde hakların korunulup korunmadığına bakılır. İngiliz hukukundaki önemli kavramlardan biridir. Adaleti doğru uygulamaktır.

 Tedvin edilmemiştir: Common Law bir kanunlaştırma hareketi sonucunda değil yargıçların örf ve adet kurallarına bakarak hukuk kurallarını oluşturmasıyla başlamıştır. Kanunlar, dağınık haldedir. Kara Avrupası hukuk sisteminde olduğu gibi medeni kanunlar, ticaret kanunları yoktur.
 İçtihadî niteliktedir: Her yargıç davayı sonuçlandırırken ondan önce görülmüş benzer davaların kararlarıyla bağlıdır.
 Kamu Hukuku - Özel Hukuk ayrımı yoktur: Bu hukuk sisteminde, özel kişiler arasındaki uyuşmazlıklar ile devlet ile özel kişiler arasındaki uyuşmazlıklarda yargılama açısından hiçbir fark yoktur.
 Örf ve âdet, hukukun aslî kaynakları arasında yer alır: Hâkimler, bir örf ve adet kuralı varsa bunu uygular.
 Yargı birliği ilkesi geçerlidir: Anglo-Sakson hukuk sisteminde mahkemeler, adlî mahkemeler ve idare mahkemeleri olarak ayrılmamıştır. Mahkemeler, değişik isimler taşıyabilir fakat tüm mahkemeler tek ve en yüksek mahkemeye tabidir.

Genişletilmiş olarak Anglo-Amerikan Hukuku şeklindeki bir sınıflandırma da mevcuttur. Örneğin İngiltere ve Amerika'da -her ikisinde de- mahkemelerde Jüri bulunur. Ancak Amerikan hukukunda yazılı kısımlar daha fazladır. ABD'nin diğer ülkelerdekine kıyasla kısa da olsa bir Anayasası vardır.

Kaynakça

Ortak hukuk
Anglosakson toplumu
İngiliz hukuk sistemi

Ortak hukuk


Martin Jiránek (; n. 25 mai 1979 la Praga) este un fotbalist ceh care joacă pe postul de fundaș pentru Olympia Radotín. Jiránek a jucat în Cehia, Slovacia, Italia, Rusia și Anglia.

Jiránek a jucat într-o serie de turnee internaționale pentru țara sa. În 2002, el a făcut parte din echipa națională sub 21 de ani a Cehiei, care a câștigat Campionatul European de Fotbal din 2002 din Elveția. Ulterior, a jucat pentru echipa națională mare la Euro 2004 și Campionatul Mondial din 2006.

Carieră

Club

Primii ani
Jiránek și-a început cariera de fotbalist profesionist în 1997 pentru Bohemians Praga, jucând 55 de meciuri, înainte de a pleca la Slovan Liberec în 1999. El a jucat în 32 de meciuri și a ajutat-o pe Slovan să câștige Cupa Cehiei în sezonul 1999-2000.

Reggina
În 2001, Jiranek s-a transferat la echipa italiană Reggina din Serie B. La Reggina, Jiranek a jucat în 100 de meciuri de campionat, ajutându-și echipa să obțină promovarea în Serie A în sezonul 2001-2002.

Spartak Moscova
Spartak Moscova l-a transferat pe Jiránek în 2004 pentru 4,7 milioane de euro de la Reggina. Jiránek a debutat în campionat pentru Spartak împotriva lui FC Lokomotiv Moscova. Jiránek a fost titular în cei șase ani în care a jucat pentru Sprtak, fiind căpitanul echipei în perioada 2009-2010.

Birmingham City
La 31 august 2010, el s-a transferat la clubul englez din Premier League Birmingham City, cu care a semnat un contract pe un an după ce a respins ofertele venite din partea mai multor cluburi. Jiránek a debutat în primul unsprezece în meciul din turul al treilea al Cupei Ligii cu MK Dons și a avut o ocazie de a înscrie pentru Birmingham în meciul câștigat cu 3-1. A jucat cel de-al doilea meci în Cupa Angliei, datorită faptului că mai mulți titulari au fost odihniți, cu Millwall, meci câștigat cu 4-1. După ce Scott Dann s-a accidentat în turul semifinalei Cupei Ligii împotriva West Ham United, Jiránek a devenit un titular și a făcut parte din echipa lui Birmingham care a învins-o pe favorita Arsenal cu 2-1 în finala Cupei Ligii de pe Stadionul Wembley. O accidentare la degetul mare a piciorului care a necesitat o intervenție chirurgicală l-a făcut indisponibil pentru tot restul sezonului și după retrogradarea lui Birmingham din Premier League, nu și-a mai prelungit contractul.

Terek Groznîi
În iulie 2011, Jiránek a semnat un contract pe doi ani cu echipa din Prima Ligă din Rusia, Terek Groznîi. În al doilea sezon la Terek a marcat un gol de la 45 de metri în Cupa Ligii.

La națională
Jiránek a făcut parte din echipa cehă care a câștigat Campionatul Europea U-21 în 2002. Și-a făcut debutul la naționala mare împotriva Poloniei în 2002. Primul turneu major la care Jiránek a participat a fost Campionatul European din 2004, unde a jucat în 4 partide, lipsind în semifinală din cauza unei accidentări la coapsă. De asemenea, el a fost numit în lotul Cehiei pentru Campionatul Mondial din 2006, dar, deși a jucat în cinci meciuri de calificare, el nu a jucat niciun minut la turneul final. Și-a făcut apariția în 5 meciuri de calificare pentru Euro 2008, dar nu a făcut parte din echipa care a făcut deplasarea la turneul final din cauza unei accidentări la gleznă. Cea de-a 31-a (și din februarie 2011, ultima) selecție a venit în martie 2007, împotriva Germaniei - după care a fost amendat pentru că a participat la o zi de naștere controversată.

Referințe

Fotbaliști ai FC Tom Tomsk
Fotbaliști ai FC Terek Groznîi
Fotbaliști ai Premier League
Fotbaliști ai Birmingham City FC
Fotbaliști ai FC Spartak Moscova
Fotbaliști ai Campionatului Mondial de Fotbal 2006
Fotbaliști internaționali cehi
Fotbaliști cehi
Fundași
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1979

Martin Jiránek


{{Infobox Navire
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LUSS Artisan (ABSD-1), rebaptisé plus tard (AFDB-1), était un grand dock flottant auxiliaire, non automoteur de dix sections de l'US Navy. Seul navire de guerre américain portant ce nom, l' Artisan a été construit en sections en 1942 et 1943 par la , à Everett, État de Washington, la Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, à Eureka, en Californie, la , à Stockton, Californie, et la Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, à Morgan City, en Louisiane. Ce navire a été mis en service à Everett, le , sous le commandement du capitaine Andrew R. Mack. Avec les dix sections jointes, il mesurait  de long,  de haut (de la quille au pont du puits) et une largeur intérieure libre de .

Chaque section pesait  et mesurait  de long, avec une poutre de , une profondeur moulée de  et une capacité de charge de . Chacun avait quatre compartiments de ballast. ABSD-1 avait une grue mobile d'une capacité de  avec un rayon de  et six cabestans pour la traction. Il était généralement déployé avec deux barges de soutien ou plus.

En remorquage, les deux parois latérales sont repliées pour réduire la résistance au vent et abaisser le centre de gravité.

 Service de guerre
Le dock flottant a fait le voyage vers le Pacifique sud-ouest en deux convois. La paire de sections construites sur la côte du golfe a quitté Morgan City, en Louisiane, le , tandis que les huit sections restantes ont été remorquées à San Francisco, en Californie, avant de prendre la mer le . Les deux premières sections sont arrivées à Espiritu Santo aux Nouvelles-Hébrides le , les sections de la côte ouest le . Puis l'équipage a commencé à assembler le navire. Treize marins se sont noyés le  lors du naufrage d'une de ses sections.

À la fin de 1943, le dock flottant était une cale sèche de travail de huit sections réparant une variété de navires de la marine. En avril 1944, ABSD-1 est devenu un dock complet de dix sections lorsque sa section restante a été combinée avec une autre de l' ABSD-2 et a été jointe aux huit déjà en fonctionnement.

Il a servi à la Base navale d'Espiritu Santo jusqu'à la mi-avril 1945, date à laquelle il a reçu l'ordre de transfert vers la grande base du Golfe de Leyte aux Philippines. Son démontage a été terminé début juin et, le 30 juin, les six premières sections ont commencé le voyage, via Jayapura, Nouvelle-Guinée, vers Leyte. Les quatre sections restantes ont pris le départ le 7 juillet. Le premier échelon est arrivé à  dans le golfe de Leyte, le 27 juillet, et l'assemblage a commencé trois jours plus tard. Le 2 août, le reste du dock est entré dans la baie de Manicani et, à la mi-septembre, les dix sections avaient été réunies. Le dock a repris ses travaux de réparation peu de temps après, et cela s'est poursuivi jusqu'en février 1946. Le , ABSD-1 a commencé les préparatifs pour l'inactivation et a été mis hors service le . L' a également réparé des navires sur l'île de Manicani de mai 1945 à mai 1946.

 Service d'après-guerre
ABSD-1 est resté aux Philippines pendant l'été et l'automne 1946. Pendant ce temps, en août 1946, le quai sectionnel de base avancé a été reclassé une grande cale sèche flottante auxiliaire et a été renommé AFDB-1. Quelque temps après novembre 1946, ses sections furent remorquées des Philippines jusqu'à Pearl Harbor où elles furent placées en réserve. Son inactivité a duré presque exactement cinq ans. Puis AFDB-1 a été remis en service à Pearl Harbor le 2 juin 1951, sous le commandement du capitaine O.J. Stien. Plus tard ce mois-là, le dock flottant a été remorqué, par sections, à Guam dans les îles Mariannes où la marine améliorait une autre installation de réparation à proximité assez proche de la zone de combat pendant la guerre de Corée. Se présentant au service le , il n'a été complètement assemblé et prêt au service qu'au début du mois de mars 1952.

Actif à Apra Harbor pas tout à fait trois ans, AFDB-1 était de nouveau hors service et de retour en réserve en janvier 1955. Il est resté inactif à Guam pendant un peu plus de 15 ans. En 1970, cinq de ses sections ont été déplacées en baie de Subic aux Philippines où le dock a été remis en service le . Sa troisième période de service actif s'est avérée être sa plus longue durée de près de 16 ans. Le , il est nommé Artisan. En octobre 1986, il a été mis hors service et son nom a été rayé du Naval Vessel Register En mars 1987, cependant, Artisan a reçu un sursis lorsque son nom a été réintégré au registre des navires de la marine.

Le , sa Section 1D a été reclassée en tant que navire divers non classé IX-521, et le , sa Section 1C a été reclassée en IX-525'''. IX-521 a été rayé du registre des navires de la marine le , et il a ensuite été vendu en 2007. IX-525'' est resté sur le registre jusqu'au  et il a également été vendu en 2010.

Décoration
  American Campaign Medal
  Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
  World War II Victory Medal
  National Defense Service Medal

Galerie

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Artisan (AFDB-1) - Site NavSource Online
  Floating Docks (AFDB, AFDM, AFDL, ARD, ARDM, YFD) - Shipbuilder Site

Liens connexes
 Base navale d'Espiritu Santo
 Théâtre du Pacifique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Bateau lancé en 1943
Navire construit aux États-Unis
Auxiliary Floating Drydock de l'US Navy

USS Artisan (ABSD-1)


تشرف وزارة التعليم (Kementerian Pendidikan) على التعليم في ماليزيا. على الرغم من أن التعليم يقع على عاتق الحكومة الفيدرالية، فإن لكل ولاية وإقليم اتحادي إدارة تعليمية لتنسيق الشؤون التعليمية في إقليمها. التشريع الرئيسي الذي يحكم التعليم هو قانون التعليم لعام 1996.

ينقسم نظام التعليم إلى التعليم قبل المدرسي والتعليم الابتدائي والتعليم الثانوي والتعليم ما بعد الثانوي والتعليم الثالثي. وينقسم كذلك إلى التعليم العام والخاص. يمكن الحصول على التعليم من نظام المدارس العامة متعدد اللغات، والذي يوفر التعليم المجاني لجميع الماليزيين، أو المدارس الخاصة، أو من خلال التعليم المنزلي. المؤسسات الدولية والخاصة تتقاضى الرسوم المدرسية. بموجب القانون، التعليم الابتدائي إلزامي. كما هو الحال في العديد من دول آسيا والمحيط الهادئ مثل جمهورية كوريا وسنغافورة واليابان، تعد الاختبارات القياسية ميزة شائعة. حاليا، هناك 43 جامعة و31 كلية جامعية خاصة و9 فروع لجامعات أجنبية و414 كلية خاصة في ماليزيا.

تاريخ التعليم بماليزيا

كانت سكولا بوندوك Sekolah Pondok (بالمعنى الحرفي، مدرسة الكوخ)، والالمدارس الإسلامية أول أشكال التعليم المتاحة في ماليزيا. تذكر الأعمال المبكرة لأدب الملايو مثل حكاية عبد الله هذه المدارس مشيرة إلى أنها تسبق النموذج العلماني الحالي للتعليم.

كانت المدارس العلمانية في ماليزيا ابتكارًا كبيرًا للحكومة الاستعمارية البريطانية. تم إنشاء العديد من أقدم المدارس في ماليزيا في مستعمرات المضيق في بينانق وملقا وسنغافورة.

جودة التعليم في ماليزيا

لا يمكن الحديث أو تحديد موضوع جودة التعليم في ماليزيا بدون الاستعانة بخبراء في مجال التعليم، وبناء على اراء اساتذة جامعات عرب وبعض المهتمين بالشؤون التعليمية الماليزية فان التعليم العالي في ماليزيا تفوق على العديد من الدول العربية ودول أوروبا الشرقية وقد صنفت أكثر من جامعة ماليزيا لعدة اعوام كأفضل 100 جامعة في العالم الشئ الذي يدلل على قوة التعليم الماليزي وبغض النظر عن ضعف التعليم العالي الماليزي في مجالات محددة الا انه ينافس الآن الدول الغربية المتقدمة في العلوم الحديثة ويوليها اهتمام كبير

التعليم الماليزي والدول العربية
تصاعدت اعداد الطلاب العرب في ماليزيا بشكل كبير خاصة في الالفية الثالثة وملاحظ بشكل كبير توجه الطلاب العرب إلى ماليزيا بشكل خاصة دونا عن باقي الدول الآسيوية.
يعتبر أكبر عدد طلاب عرب في ماليزيا من الجنسيات السعودية، الليبية، العراقية، واليمنية وتتلخص أسباب إقبال الطلاب العرب من هذه الجنسيات في جودة وفاعلية التعليم الماليزي وانخفاض تكاليف الدراسة والمعيشة مقارنة بالدول الغربية الاعتراف العالمي بالتعليم الماليزي وخصوصاً بعض الدول العربية.

وقد ابتعثت بعض الدول العربية وعلى رأسها السعودية عدد كبير من الدارسين، للدراسة في الجامعات الماليزية، وماليزيا كدولة إسلامية متقدمة فتح أبواب التعاون مع العالم في كافة المجالات، وركزت على اقتصاد المعرفة، ونجحت في استقطاب الطلاب من أكثر من 110 دولة من جنسيات وعرقيات مختلفة.

أهم الجامعات الماليزية
الجامعة الإسلامية
الجامعة الوطنية
جامعة العلوم
جامعة بوترا
جامعة التكنولوجيا
جامعة ملايا
جامعة أوتارا

دليل التخصصات والجامعات الماليزية
دليل شامل كامل عن جميع التخصصات سواء دراسة البكالوريس في ماليزيا أو دراسة الماجستير في ماليزيا أو دراسة الدكتوراه في ماليزيا أو حتى دراسة الإنجليزي والدورات لغة إنجليزية في ماليزيا في جميع المدن الماليزية من كوالالمبور إلى بينانغ إلى جوهار إلى قدح وكل المدن الماليزية، الدليل شامل كامل فيه التخصصات العلمية والادبية والثقافية وغيرها ويشمل الدليل الجامعات الخاصة الماليزية والجامعات الحكومية الماليزية ويشمل أيضا فروع الجامعات الاجنبية في ماليزيا بل أيضا مراكز التدريب واللغة، وقوائم التخصصات الجامعية معلومات تفصيلية من تكلفة الدراسة لكل تخصص في ماليزيا إلى نوع الشهادة التي تمنحها أي جامعة ماليزية فيه دليل عن ماليزيا والدراسة والتعليم في ماليزيا ونبذات عن بعض المواضيع وعن ماليزيا والحياة فيها، الدليل بعدة لغات منها اللغة العربية اليكم رابط الموقع أيضا رابط لشرح عن استخدام الموقع وكيفية البحث عن التخصصات

روابط خارجية
 دليل التعليم والدراسة في ماليزيا
 شرح دليل التعليم والجامعات الماليزية
 الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية الماليزية (IIUM)
 جامعة الشمال اوتار الماليزية (UUM)
 جامعة بوترا الماليزية (UPM)
 جامعة التكنولوجيا الماليزية(UTM)
 جامعة المدينة العالمية(MEDIU)

انظر أيضًا
 خدمات التعليم الماليزي العالمية

مراجع

جامعات ماليزيا

التعليم في ماليزيا


An Liparis perrieri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Liparis perrieri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Liparis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 L. p. perrieri
 L. p. trinervia

Mga kasarigan

Liparis (Orchidaceae)

Liparis perrieri


Sir Pierre-Évariste Leblanc,  (August 10, 1853 – October 18, 1918) was born in Saint-Martin (today part of Laval, Quebec).

He was a Quebec Conservative Party leader but never premier. First elected to the Legislative Assembly in a by-election in 1882 in the riding of Laval, he served as leader of the Opposition from 1905 to 1908, when he lost the 1908 election and his own seat. Served as the 11th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from February 12, 1915, until his death in  Spencer Wood, Sillery, in 1918. Leblanc was buried at cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges in Montreal.

Prior to his political career, Leblanc was a teacher and a lawyer.

Elections as party leader
He lost the 1908 election.

See also
Politics of Quebec
List of Quebec general elections
List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition
Timeline of Quebec history

References

External links

1853 births
1918 deaths
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Canadian King's Counsel
Lieutenant Governors of Quebec
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Presidents of the National Assembly of Quebec
Lawyers in Quebec
Quebec political party leaders
Université Laval alumni

Pierre-Évariste Leblanc


නිලක්ෂි ද සිල්වා (උපත:1989 සැප්තැම්බර් 27) ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩිකාවකි. ඇය 2015 නොවැම්බර් 3 වන දින ICC චැම්පියන්ස් කුසලානයේ දී නවසීලන්තයට එරෙහිව ශ්‍රී ලංකා කාන්තා කණ්ඩායම වෙනුවෙන් සිය මංගල එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර තරඟයට පිවිසියාය. ඇය 2018 කාන්තා විස්සයි20 ආසියානු කුසලානයේ දී ශ්‍රී ලංකාව වෙනුවෙන් වැඩිම කඩුලු දවාගත් ක්‍රීඩිකාව වූ අතර තරඟ පහකදී දැවී යෑම් 7ක් වාර්තා කළාය.

2018 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී, ඇය බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව් හි 2018 ICC කාන්තා ලෝක විස්සයි20 තරඟාවලිය සඳහා ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංචිතයට නම් කරන ලදී. 2020 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී ඇය ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ පැවැත්වෙන 2020 ICC කාන්තා T20 ලෝක කුසලානය සඳහා වන ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංචිතයට නම් කරන ලදී. 2021 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී, සිම්බාබ්වේ හි පැවැත්වෙන 2021 කාන්තා ක්‍රිකට් ලෝක කුසලාන සුදුසුකම් ලැබීමේ තරඟාවලිය සඳහා ඇය ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායමට නම් කරන ලදී. 2022 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී ඇය මැලේසියාවේ පැවැත්වෙන 2022 පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්‍රිකට් සුදුසුකම් ලැබීමේ තරඟාවලිය සඳහා ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායමට නම් කරන ලදී. 2022 ජූලි මාසයේදී එංගලන්තයේ බර්මින්හැම් හි පැවති 2022 පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්‍රීඩා උළෙලේ ක්‍රිකට් තරඟාවලිය සඳහා ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායමට ඇය නම් කරන ලදී.

යොමු කිරීම්

ජීවමාන ජනයා
1989 උපත්

නිලක්ෂි ද සිල්වා


محسن السكري هو ضابط أمن دولة مصري سابق والمتهم الأول بمقتل الفنانة اللبنانية سوزان تميم في 2008 بتحريض من رجل الأعمال هشام طلعت مصطفى. قضت محكمة النقض عام 2012 بالسجن المؤبد له لاتهامه بالقتل العمد مع سبق الإصرار والترصد، والسجن 3 سنوات لحيازته سلاح بدون ترخيص. أصدر الرئيس المصري عبد الفتاح السيسي في 17 مايو 2020 قرار بالإفراج عنه والعفو عن ما تبقى من عقوبة سجنه.
ولكن النيابة رفضت لتورطه في قضية غسيل اموال. وفي يناير 2021 قضت المحكمة الاقتصادية بحبس السكري 3 سنوات وتغريمه 3 ملايين دولار ل ادانته بـ«ارتكاب جريمة غسل الأموال».

في سبتمبر 2022، ٱفرج عن السكري وذلك بعد تقديم التماس أدّى إلى خروجه مع نصف المدة وإقرار محكمة النقض المصرية براءته من تهمة غسل الأموال الشهر الماضي.

التحق محسن بكلية الشرطة ثم تخرج منها ليعمل ضابط بامن الدولة ثم قدم استقالته وعمل مدير أمن لدى هشام طلعت مصطفى ومن ثم نشأت علاقة صداقه، وعمل أيضا مدير الأمن في شركة عراقنا التي هي إحدى شركات اوراسكوم تليكوم التابعة للملياردير المصري نجيب سويرس.

وباعتراف محسن في التحقيقات التي قامت بها النيابة المصرية ان هشام طلعت مصطفى هو الذي حرضه على قتلها مقابل مبلغ مليونَي دولار ولكنه أنكر قيامه بذلك، حكم عليه بالإعدام في يوم 25 يونيو 2009م ووتم تخفيف الحكم إلى 28 سنة سجن مشدد في محكمة النقض.

والده لواء شرطه سابق.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
جرائم 2008 في مصر
جرائم قتل في إفريقيا 2008
جرائم قتل في مصر 2008
جرائم قتل في مصر عقد 2000
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
ضباط شرطة مصريون
مصريون أدينوا بالقتل
منفذو اغتيالات مصريون

محسن السكري


Sejr har flere betydninger:
 Sejr - at overvinde modstand eller modstandere, i kamp, krig og andre konflikter eller i leg, spil eller konkurrence.
 Sejr (navn) – efternavn eller drenge fornavn
 Sejr (film) – sovjetisk film fra 1938 af Mikhail Doller og Vsevolod Pudovkin

Sejr (flertydig)


أحمد بن علوي الغريفي.

نسبه
ينحدر العلامة أحمد من أسرة علمية عريقة عرفت على مر العصور بالحرص الشديد على نشر الحديث وعلوم أهل البيت، ألا وهي أسرة آل الغريفي التي برزت بين الأسر العلمية المشهورة بمجهديها ومفكريها ومنظرية ا. يقول عنهم صاحب كتاب شهداء الفضيلة (من أسمى البيوت مجدا وشرفا وأعلاها نسبا وأرفعها في المكانة العلمية والثقافية الدينية).

فهو السيد أحمد بن السيد علوي بن السيد أحمد بن السيد هاشم بن السيد أحمد بن السيد علي الغريفي ينتهي نسبه إلى العلامة إبراهيم المجاب بن محمد بن الأمام موسى بن جعفر بن الإمام الصادق بن الإمام الباقر بن الإمام زين العابدين بن الإمام الحسين سيد الشهداء بن الإمام علي. ووالد سماحة السيد هو العلامة السيد علوي الغريفي بينما جده فهو السيد أحمد الغريفي الذي ينتمي لقرية عالي حيث انتقل بعدها إلى النعيم.

مولده ونشأته
ولد في منطقة المنامة يوم السابع من ذي الحجة 1365 هـ الموافق الأول من نوفمبر 1946م، من أبويين علويين غريفيين، حيث سادت البهجة والسرور البيت الغريفي الذي أشرقت فيه أنوار ذلك الوليد، وقد سماه والده (أحمد) تيمناً باسم المصطفى. أخذ ذلك الوليد يترعرع تحوطه عناية الله، ورعاية والديه، فكان مثالا للمسلم الصالح المقتدي بتعاليم دينه، ونموذجا للإبن البار المطيع لوالديه. عندما بلغ سبع سنوات (وبالتحديد في يوم التاسع من ديسمبر 1953 م) صحبه والده في رحلته العلمية إلى مدينة جده أمير المؤمنين، وألحقه بالمدرسة الابتدائية هناك حتى أكملها. فكان خير صحبة لوالده حيث كان وبرغم صغر سنه يقرأ لوالده ما يحتاج إليه من كتب ومقررات وبحوث.

حياته الأسرية
كان لوالده بمثابة عينه المبصرة، وقلبه النابض بالحياة، وساعده الأيمن، لقد كانت علاقته به علاقة عالم بعالم، كما كان في وسط أهله مؤنسا يملأ البيت نشاطا وحركة، فكان هو الموجه والمرشد وكانوا يستشيرونه ويستشيرهم في بعض أموره.

أما زواجه فكان في الرابع من جمادى الأولى 1388 هـ الموافق 30 يوليو 1968م، من كريمة السيد حسين السيد إبراهيم الغريفي والد عبد الله الغريفي، حيث أنجبت له تسعة من الذرية الصالحة خمسة من الذكور وهم:
 السيد محمد هادي (طالب علم درس في حوزة قم)، متزوج وله ثلاثة أبناء وبنت واحدة (السيد أحمد والسيد هاشم والسيد حيدر وزهراء).
 السيد علي (طالب علم في حوزة جده السيد علوي) متزوج وله من الأبناء ابن واحد (السيد حسن وابنتان)
 السيد حسن (طالب علم في جامعة الإمام الصادق بـقـم المقدسة) متزوج.
 السيد حسين (موظف) متزوج.
 السيد علوي (طالب جامعي)متزوج.
 وله من البنات أربعا.

دراسته
عند رجوعه إلى البحرين أدخل مرة ثانية الصف السادس الابتدائي ليحصل على الشهادة الابتدائية، وواصل الدراسة حتى أكمل دراسته الثانوية وحصل على الشهادة الثانوية العامة - القسم الأدبي - في العام 1966 م بتقدير جيد جدا.

هاجر إلى النجف الأشرف والتحق بكلية الفقه في سنة 1967 م، وحصل على شهادة البكالوريوس في اللغة العربية والعلوم الإسلامية في العام 1971 م بتقدير (جيد جدا)، في الوقت الذي كان يواصل فيه دراسته الحوزوية العالية، وبعد انتهائه من كلية الفقه بقي ليواصل دراسته الحوزوية فترة من الزمان.

سافر إلى القاهرة سنة 1975م لتحضير رسالة الماجستير في كلية دار العلوم جامعة القاهرة، وتنقل أثنائها بين القاهرة والنجف الأشراف لتحضير رسالته التي كتبها تحت عنوان (البراءة الأصلية في الشريعة الإسلامية) حيث حصل على شهادة الماجستير في العلوم الإسلامية في سنة 1979 م بتقدير (ممتاز) قد طبعة هذه الرسالة. بذل عدة محاولات لتسجيل رسالة الدكتوراه في جامعة القاهرة ولكنها لم تنجح (لظروف سياسية) الأمر الذي جعله وقبل وفاته ببضعة أيام أن يعزم على التسجيل للدكتوراه في جامعة عين شمس.

أساتذته
والده سماحة العلامة السيد علوي الغريفي، أنهى عنده المقدمات.

أساتذته في كلية الفقه:
 آية الله السيد محمد تقي الحكيم.
 آية الله الشيخ محمد تقي الأيرواني.
 العلامة الدكتور الشيخ عبد الهادي الفضلي.
 العلامة السيد مصطفى جمال الدين.
 العلامة الشيخ محمد رضا الجعفري.
 العلامة الشيخ عبد المهدي مطر.
 العلامة الشيخ محمد كاظم شمشاد.
 الدكتور عبد الرزاق محيي الدين.

أساتذته في بحث الخارج:
 آية الله العظمى السيد أبو القاسم الخوئي.
 آية الله العظمى السيد علي الفاني الإصفهاني. وقد كان للسيد أحمد ارتباطا وثيقا به.
 آية الله العظمى محمد باقر الصدر. وكان محل ثقة كبيرة عنده وقد أعطاه وكالة خطية بإقامة صلاة الجمعة في الوقت الذي لم يعط وكالة لأحد بذلك.
 آية الله السيد محي الدين الغريفي، درس عنده السطوح.

تلامذته
 الشيخ عبد الله محمد الشيخ
 الشيخ عبد المحسن ملا عطية
 الشيخ مجيد الحداد
 الشيخ عبد الله الغديري
 الشيخ محمد صالح القشعمي
 الشيخ محمد جواد الشهابي
 الشيخ محمد عبد الله آل نوح
 الشيخ ميرزا عباس الأسود
 الشيخ حسن الحلي
 مكي الوداعي
 الحاج خليل الشيخ
وغيرهم الكثير من المؤمنين

ثقافته
كان للسيد أحمد درجة عالية من الثقافة والتحصيل العلمي، وكــان دقيقا في تنظيم أوقاته حيث كان يشغلها بالقراءة والدرس والتدريس وكتابة البحـوث، وكان حريصاً على متابعة أحداث العالم ومستجداته ومتغيراته خصوصا الأمور المتعلقة بالمسلمين في أنحاء المعمورة وذلك من خلال قراءة الصحف والمجلات والبحوث العلمية، ومتابعة النشرات الإخبارية والبرامج العلمية. دائماً يشجع الشباب ويحثهم على القراءة والاستزادة من العلم لأن العلم هو الحصن الحصين للمسلم والقوة الحقيقية للإسلام في مواجهة التحديات والمتغيرات التي تواجه المسلمين.
وكان يرى أن العلم ينمو بالدرس والتدريس لذلك كان غالب يومه مشغولا بالتدريس مصداقا لقوله (لقحوا عقولكم بالمذاكرة).

نشاطاته
يمتاز العلامة بمكانة اجتماعية كبيرة وصدى قوي لما يتمتع به من أخلاق محمدية، وخصال علوية، وعلم رباني، وحلم وسعة بال، الأمر الذي جعل المؤمنين يلتفون من حوله ويحيطون به لأنهم وجدوا فيه ضالتهم المنشودة التي تمثل العطاء والبذل في سبيل الله، والدعوة إلى مرضاته، والعمل إلى إعلاء كلمته، والسير في طريقه.

كان مدرسة مفتوحة لطلاب العلوم الدينية والمثقفين والشباب المؤمن من أساتذة وطلاب الجامعات وأصحاب الكفاءات العلمية المختلفة، لينهلوا من معينه الأصيل الذي أستلهمه من مصدره الحقيقي كتاب الله العظيم وعلوم أهل البيت. حيث كان يُدّرس الفقه في كتاب شرائع الإسلام والعروة الوثقى، منهاج الصالحين. وفي الأصول حلقات الصدر. وفي العقائد الباب الحادي عشر. وفي المنطق كتاب منطق المظفر

كان يقيم صلاة الجماعة في مساجد متعددة منها مسجد الخواجة بالمنامة يعقبها بكلمة في المفاهيم الإسلامية، من فكر وأخلاق وتربية وفقه وعقائد وغيرها من علوم أهل البيت عليهم السلام. كما كان يتطرق إلى الشئون والقضايا الاجتماعية والسياسية وخاصة المحلية. وقد ترجم القول إلى عمل ليُقتدى بعمله قبل قوله، فبأخلاقه السامية ونصحه الدائم، وروحه الصادقة، وشفافيته الهادئة، ودوره البين، وكلماته المؤثرة، استطاع أن يخرّج جيلاً مؤمناً رسالياً واعياً يحمل بين طياته مفاهيم الإسلام، ونور الإيمان، وفكر القرآن. كانت له مشاركات فعالة في المحافل والمناسبات والمواسم الثقافية، والندوات العلمية.

كما كانت له جلسات خاصة بأهل العلم والمعرفة في أكثر مناطق البحرين وخاصة الشباب الجامعي منهم يشاركهم فيها الرأي ويتدارس معهم المستجدات والمتغيرات في البلد، وأحوال المسلمين خارجها. وله الدور البارز في إنشاء صندوق النعيم الخيري السابق ليكون نواة للصندوق الحالي إيماناً منه بمساعدة الفقراء والمحتاجين والمساكين ومعونة الضعفاء والعاجزين.

دوره القيادي
كان له دورٌ قياديٌ متميزٌ لما يتمتع به من أخلاق سامية، وصلابة إيمانية، ورسالية واعية، وشخصية مؤثرة، مما سهل عليه تحركه العملي في شتى أنحاء البلاد، فقد كان له حضورٌ فاعلٌ في كل الميادين العملية التي تحتمها عليه وظيفته الشرعية، إضافة إلى مكاتباته ومشاركاته في شتى المجالات الأخلاقية، الاجتماعية، العقائدية، الفكرية، السياسية، وغيرها من المجالات الهادفة في الصحف والمجلات المحلية والخارجية.

مؤلفاته
 البراءة الأصلية في الشريعة الإسلامية (رسالة الماجستير).
 المصلحة المرسلة وموقف العلماء منها.
 الإمام البخاري سيرته ومنهجه في الجامع الصحيح وفقهه.
 دراسة عن كتاب كشف الأسرار في شرح أصول الفقه لفخر الإسلام البزدوي.
 دراسة عن كتاب الأحكام في أصول الأحكام لسيف الدين الآمدي.
 بحث تحليلي حول مسيرة الإمام الحسين ÷ من وطن جده إلى كربلاء.
 بحوث قرآنية.
 محاضرات في الشهر المبارك.
 حديث للشباب.

استشهاده وتشييعه
لبى السيد أحمد الغريفي نداء ربه اثر حادث أليم مروع حدث له مع أبنه البكر (السيد محمد هادي وله من العمر حينذاك 11 سنة) وذلك مساء يوم السبت 10 ذو القعدة 1405 هجرية الموافق 27 يوليو 1985م، في نهاية العقد الثالث من العمر وقد بكته القلوب قبل العيون وغسلته الدموع قبل المياه وشيعته ملائكة السماء قبل المؤمنين والمحبين، ففي ذلك اليوم الأسود ومع صبيحة يوم الأحد أستيقظ الناس ليعلموا بالفاجعة التي حلت بهم في رحيل العالم الشاب الجليل الفاضل الذي كان خبر وفاته قد انتشر في جميع أرجاء البلاد وشاع هذا الحديث بين الناس وهم بين مصدق ومكذب له، وفي جو متشح بالحزن والدموع ارتفعت الأعلام السوداء وكأنه يوم العاشر من المحرم حيث شهدت منطقة النعيم تجمعا غريبا لم تشهده من قبل، فقد نزل إليها الناس من مختلف مناطق البلاد وخارجها وبتشيع مهيب شيعه المؤمنون وهم يبكونه بحرقة الفراق حيث لا تسمع إلا التهليل والتكبير ممزوجا بالبكاء والنحيب. كلهم جاءوا يكحلون أبصارهم بالنظرة الأخيرة ويودعونه الوداع الأخير، يتسابقون إلى حمل جثمانه الطاهر الذي حمل على الأكتاف، وتطاولت الأعناق وارتفعت الأيدي وهتفت الحناجر ودمعت العيون للذي سخر حياته للعلم والعمل الصالح في سبيل الإسلام والمسلمين.

وقد كانت مقبرة النعيم ذلك اليوم كتلة لحم لا ترى فيها تراب حيث غسل هناك، ومن ثم تم نقل الجثمان الطاهر في موكب مريع مهيب أغلقت لأجله الشوارع والمنافذ إلى مقبرة عالي حيث دفن الفقيد، وألقيت القصائد الشعرية قبل الدفن وحين أهيل التراب أقام المحبون، وأكثرهم من الشباب العزاء لهذا المصاب الجلل العظيم. وبعده استمرت التعازي والفواتح في شتى أرجاء البحرين.

دلائل اغتيال الغريفي
 كان الغريفي ــ ليلة الحادث ــ في منزل والده، وكانت عناصر جهاز المخابرات تحوم حول المنزل بشكل غير اعتيادي، لحظها الزائرون لمنزل والده.
 نقل البعض ان الشارع العام الذي استشهد فيه كان مغلقاً في الوقت الذي حصل فيه الحادث، وهذا الشارع لأهميته وحجمه لا يمكن اغلاقه، ولهذا فقد فسّر البعض ذلك بأن المخابرات كانت تخطط لعملية اغلاق الشارع مع تنفيذ جريمة الحادث.
 ذُكر ان سيارتين تابعتين لجهاز المخابرات ــ من ذوات اللون الأبيض المميزة ــ لاحقتا سيارة الغريفي والتصقتا بسيارته من الجانبين، واحدثتا نوعاً من الاصطدام وتعطيل بعض عجلات السير، مما أدى إلى انحرافها.
 ترجّل شخص من سيارته بغية مشاهدة الحادث، ولكن كانت هناك سيارتان واقفتين، فمنعه بعض من كان واقفاً وأمره بالانصراف، وعرف انهم من عناصر المخابرات.
 نقل الابن في إحدى السيارتين ونقل الأب في السيارة الأخرى إلى قسم الطوارئ في مستشفى (السلمانية) بحالة لا يمكن تداركها، وطلب رئيس القسم معلومات عن هوياتهم فرفضوا إعطاءه اية معلومات، وألزموه بأخذ السيد وابنه، وأوضحوا له انهم رجال مخابرات. بينما قال الابن البالغ (7 سنوات) ان والده هو الذي اخرجه من السيارة وكان في كامل وعيه.
 اشار تقرير شرطة المرور إلى (ان الحادث وقع في الساعة العاشرة إلا خمس دقائق، وكان بسبب انفجار العجلات الإمامية، مما أدى إلى تدهور السيارة وانقلابها أربع مرات.. وخلال تدهور السيارة أخذ السيد ابنه محمد البالغ ــ من العمر ــ سبع سنوات واحتضنه ليحميه، ولكنه سقط (أي السيد) من مكان الزجاجة الأمامية والتي كانت قد سقطت، فارتطم رأسه بالأرض وأُحدث نزيف داخلي مما أدى إلى الوفاة بعد الحادث بحوالي ثلاث ساعات وربع، أي في الساعة الواحدة والربع من صباح يوم الأحد 28/2/1985 م، بينما تماثل الابن إلى الشفاء). هذا ما جاء في تقرير السلطة.

وهناك عدة ملاحظات حول هذا التقرير تكشف انه كان معد سلفاً قبل حصول الحادث:

أولاً: قال التقرير ان السيد سقط من مكان الزجاجة، والابن يقول ان والده هو الذي اخرجه من السيارة وكان في كامل وعيه.

ثانياً: اشار التقرير إلى:

 سقوط الزجاجة الأمامية.
 عطب العجلتين الإماميتين.

بينما قال الذين شاهدوا سيارة الغريفي في فناء (إدارة المرور) ــ حيث توضع السيارات التي تحصل فيها الحوادث ــ ان السيارة:

 كانت سليمة تقريباً وكذا الزجاجة الإمامية ما عدا بعض الخدوش في مصابيحها.
 ان العجلتين المعطوبتين هما الخلفيتان وليستا الإماميتين، كما اشار التقرير! ويبدو أن رجال الأمن نسوا الأوامر وأعطبوا العجلتين الخلفيتين بدل الأماميتين! مضافاً إلى أن العجب كيف يمكن عطب عجلتين في آن واحد؟

ثالثاً: اشار التقرير إلى أن سبب الوفاة هو ارتطام رأس الغريفي في الأرض بعد سقوطه من زجاجة السيارة الإمامية بعد أن سقطت، ولكن التقرير الطبي يقول ان سبب النزيف هو ثقب عميق في الرأس نتيجة طلقة نارية، وقد كان النزيف مستمراً إلى يوم تغسيله، وأبى إلاّ أن يقبل على ربه مخضوباً بدمه، وهذه الدماء النازفة في الخارج هل هي في مصطلح أجهزة المخابرات نزيفاً داخلياً؟!

رابعاً: بعد استشهاد السيد الغريفي مباشرة اتصل متنفذ بوالده هاتفياً، وقال له: «لا تقولوا اننا قتلنا ابنكم». وهذا يكشف ان المخطط هو مخطط، وكما يقول المثل «يكاد الجاني يقول خذوني».

المـراجع
السيد أحمد الغريفي-شبكة النعيم

المقدس الغريفي

مراجع

علماء دين شيعة بحرينيون
مقالات مختلف على حياديتها
مواليد 1365 هـ
مواليد 1946
وفيات 1405 هـ
وفيات 1985

أحمد الغريفي


The voiced dental fricative is a consonant sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the th sound in father. Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is eth, or  and was taken from the Old English and Icelandic letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced (inter)dental non-sibilant fricative. Such fricatives are often called "interdental" because they are often produced with the tongue between the upper and lower teeth (as in Received Pronunciation), and not just against the back of the upper teeth, as they are with other dental consonants.

The letter  is sometimes used to represent the dental approximant, a similar sound, which no language is known to contrast with a dental non-sibilant fricative, but the approximant is more clearly written with the lowering diacritic: .
Very rarely used variant transcriptions of the dental approximant include  (retracted ),  (advanced ) and  ( ). It has been proposed that either a turned ⟨⟩ or reversed ⟨⟩ be used as a dedicated symbol for the dental approximant, but despite occasional usage, this has not gained general acceptance.

The fricative and its unvoiced counterpart are rare phonemes. Almost all languages of Europe and Asia, such as German, French, Persian, Japanese, and Mandarin, lack the sound. Native speakers of languages without the sound often have difficulty enunciating or distinguishing it, and they replace it with a voiced alveolar sibilant , a voiced dental stop or voiced alveolar stop , or a voiced labiodental fricative ; known respectively as th-alveolarization, th-stopping, and th-fronting. As for Europe, there seems to be a great arc where the sound (and/or its unvoiced variant) is present. Most of Mainland Europe lacks the sound. However, some "periphery" languages such as Gascon, Welsh, English, Elfdalian, Kven, Northern Sámi, Inari Sámi, Skolt Sámi, Ume Sámi, Mari, Greek, Albanian, Sardinian, Aromanian, some dialects of Basque and most speakers of Spanish have the sound in their consonant inventories, as phonemes or allophones.

Within Turkic languages, Bashkir and Turkmen have both voiced and voiceless dental non-sibilant fricatives among their consonants. Among Semitic languages, they are used in Modern Standard Arabic, albeit not by all speakers of modern Arabic dialects, and in some dialects of Hebrew and Assyrian.

Features
Features of the voiced dental non-sibilant fricative:

 It does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.

Occurrence
In the following transcriptions, the undertack diacritic may be used to indicate an approximant .

Danish  is actually a velarized alveolar approximant.

See also
 Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative

 Index of phonetics articles

Notes

References

External links

Dental consonants
Fricative consonants
Approximant consonants
English th
Pulmonic consonants
Voiced oral consonants
Central consonants

Voiced dental fricative