This is a list of aviation-related events from 1962.

Deadliest crash
The deadliest crash of this year was Air France Flight 007, a Boeing 707 which crashed during takeoff at Orly Airport in Paris, France on 3 June, killing 130 of the 132 people on board.

Events
 The United States Navy develops vertical replenishment (VERTREP) techniques to supply ships at sea by helicopter, as Sikorsky HSS-2 Sea King (later redesignated SH-3A Sea King) antisubmarine helicopters from the general stores issue ship  and fleet oiler  resupply ships of the United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean.
 On an unrecorded date probably sometime in 1962, scheduled commercial airline flights between the United States and Cuba come to an end. Although historians disagree on the exact date, it apparently occurs after Cuba bans incoming flights during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Scheduled commercial airline flights between the two countries will not resume until August 31, 2016.
 The Dominican Republic airline Aerovías Quisqueyana begins operations.
 Early 1962 – In Operation High Jump, the United States Navy McDonnell F4H-1 Phantom II fighter sets a number of world climb-to altitude records: 34.523 seconds to , 48.787 seconds to , 61.629 seconds to , 77.156 seconds to , 114.548 seconds to , 178.5 seconds to , 230.44 seconds to , and 371.43 seconds to .

January
 United States Army H-21C Shawnee transport helicopters deploy to Da Nang Air Base, South Vietnam. They are the first American aircraft to operate from Da Nang.
 January 1 – Aden Airways and East African Airways enter into an agreement to pool services on the Aden-Nairobi route.
 January 2 – Piloting Pakistan International Airlines′ first Boeing 720B airliner – a Boeing 720-040B (registration AP-AMG) – on its delivery flight, Captain Abdullah Baig and his copilot, Captain Taimur Baig, set a world record for speed over a commercial air route, flying from London, England, to Karachi, Pakistan, in 6 hours 43 minutes 55 seconds at an average speed of .
 January 9 – The de Havilland DH121 Trident makes its maiden flight from Hatfield in Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.
 January 10–11 – A United States Air Force B-52H Stratofortress flies from Okinawa to Madrid, establishing a new unrefueled world nonstop flight distance record of .
 January 15 – The U.S. Army suffers its first combat fatalities in an aircraft in Vietnam when an H-21C Shawnee transport helicopter is shot down by Viet Cong ground fire near Dak Roda, South Vietnam, with three killed.
 January 16 – A Republic of Vietnam Air Force C-47 Skytrain crashes at Pleiku, South Vietnam, killing 33.
 January 24 – Two United States Navy F4H Phantom IIs are seconded to the United States Air Force as the Air Force plans to adopt the type as the F-4 Phantom II.
 January 25 – Winds exceeding  shear one of the wings off a Montana Air National Guard Douglas C-47 Skytrain flying in turbulent weather during a snowstorm. It crashes into a mountain canyon near Wolf Creek, Montana, killing all six people on board including Governor of Montana Donald Nutter.

February
 February 2 – A U.S. Air Force Fairchild C-123 Provider crashes while spraying defoliant near Biên Hòa, South Vietnam, with the loss of three crew members. It is the first U.S. Air Force aircraft lost in Vietnam.
 February 10 – The Soviet Union exchanges captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers – shot down over Soviet territory in 1960 – for Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher, also known as Rudolf Abel, a Soviet spy held by the United States.
 February 12 – French troops discover the mummified body of William N. "Bill" Lancaster and the wreckage of his Avro Mark VIA Avian Southern Cross in the Sahara Desert. Lancaster had disappeared on April 12, 1933, during an attempt to set a world speed record for a flight from England to South Africa. He is determined to have died on April 20, 1933, while awaiting rescue. The wreckage of the aircraft will be recovered in 1975 and placed on exhibit in 1979.
 February 20 – John Glenn becomes the first American astronaut to orbit the Earth in Mercury Atlas 6.
 February 25 – An Avensa Fairchild F27 Friendship crashes into San Juan mountain on Venezuelas Isla Margarita in the Caribbean, killing all 23 people on board.

March
 Tunisair discontinues its service between Tunis, Tunisia, and Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany, due to the route's poor economic performance..
 March 1
Los Angeles Airways becomes the first civil operator of the Sikorsky S-61 helicopter.
American Airlines Flight 1, a Boeing 707-123B, crashes into Jamaica Bay shortly after taking off from Idlewild Airport in New York City, killing all 95 people on board; it is the sixth fatal accident involving a Boeing 707 and the deadliest 707 accident thus far. Among the dead are John Dieckman, an international champion flyfisher and caster; retired Admiral Richard Lansing Conolly, USN, the president of Long Island University and a two-time Deputy Chief of Naval Operations; W. Alton Jones, a multi-millionaire former president and chairman of Cities Service Company and close personal friend of former General of the Army and President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower; Arnold Kirkeby, a millionaire realtor and former head of the Kirkeby chain of luxury hotels; Louise Lindner Eastman, whose daughter Linda Eastman would later marry Paul McCartney of The Beatles; Irving Rubine, producer of the film The Guns of Navarone; Emelyn Whiton, a 1952 Olympic sailing gold medalist; and the Broadway stage manager Bob Paschall. In addition, 15 abstract paintings by the artist Arshile Gorky in the planes cargo hold are destroyed.
 March 2 – The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration forms its Peace Officers Program – a forerunner of the U.S. Federal Air Marshal Service – as the first class of 18 officers graduate from their training program.
 March 4 – Caledonian Airways Flight 153, the Douglas DC-7 Star of Robbie Burns, crashes in a swamp shortly after takeoff from Douala International Airport in Douala, Cameroon, killing all 111 people on board.
 March 5 – The 21st and last Bendix Trophy race across the contiguous United States takes place with two United States Air Force 43rd Bombardment Wing B-58A Hustlers as its only entrants in what the Air Force dubs Operation Heat Rise. The B-58s take off from Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, fly out over the Pacific Ocean, refuel in the air, then pass over Los Angeles, California, to begin the race, with a finish line at New York City, slowing only to refuel from Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers over Kansas. Flying at altitudes between , the first B-58A sets a west-to-east transcontinental speed record, completing the flight in 2 hours 58.71 seconds at an average speed of , beating the second B-58A by one minute and winning the last Bendix Trophy ever awarded for speed. Without landing, the two B-58As then refuel over the Atlantic Ocean and passes over New York City to begin another record-setting transcontinental flight in the opposite direction. Although the second-place B-58A has to land due to mechanical trouble soon after passing New York City, the Bendix Trophy-winning B-58A returns to Los Angeles, setting an east-to-west transcontinental record time of 2 hours, 15 minutes, 50.08 seconds, completing the round trip in 4 hours, 41 minutes, 15 seconds at an average speed of , another record. For the flight, the B-58A's will receive not only the Bendix Trophy, but also the MacKay Trophy.
 March 8 – A Turkish Airlines Fairchild F-27 crashes in the Bolkar Mountains of the Taurus mountain range in Adana Province, Turkey, killing all 11 people on board.
 March 16 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 739, a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation chartered by the United States Military Air Transport Service and carrying 97 United States Army personnel, three South Vietnamese, and a crew of 11, vanishes over the western Pacific Ocean with the loss of all 107 people on board. No wreckage or bodies are ever found.

April
 April 12 – During a test flight in a P-51 Mustang to practice for an attempt to break the speed record for a flight from Sydney, Australia, to London, England, Scottish racing car driver Ron Flockhart is killed when he loses control of the plane and crashes near Kallista, Victoria, Australia.
 April 15 – The United States Marine Corps' involvement in the Vietnam War begins when Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 362 (HMM-362), equipped with HUS-1 Seahorse transport helicopters, arrives at Sóc Trăng, South Vietnam, to begin Operation Shufly.
 April 16 – A lone hijacker demands that a KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Douglas DC-7C flying from Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to Lisbon, Portugal, with 52 passengers aboard divert to East Berlin, East Germany. The airliner instead returns to Schiphol Airport outside Amsterdam.
 April 21 – Flying at the Soviet Union′s Sternberg Point Observatory, the Tupolev Tu-114 (NATO reporting name "Cleat") airliner 76467, piloted by Ivan Sukhomlin and copiloted by Piotr Soldatov, sets a world speed record for a turboprop landplane over a  closed circuit carrying a payload of between , averaging .
 April 22 – Flying an Antonov An-10A, Soviet pilot A. Mitronin sets a world speed record over a  closed loop for aircraft in the An-10's class, averaging .
 April 25 – The United States Department of Defense announces its choice of the Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter for its Military Assistance Program.
 April 26 – Louis Schalk pilots the first unofficial flight of the A-12 Article 121.
 April 30 – Louis Schalk pilots the first official flight of the A-12 Article 121.
 Late April – The U.S. Armys 57th Medical Detachment (Helicopter Ambulance) arrives at Nha Trang Air Base, South Vietnam, introducing the Bell HU-1 Iroquois helicopter into combat for the first time. Nicknamed the "Huey," the UH-1 (as the HU-1 will be redesignated in September 1962) will become iconic of the Vietnam War.

May
 Trans World Airlines opens the TWA Flight Center, also known as the Trans World Flight Center, at Idlewild Airport in Queens, New York.
 May 2 – Piloting the HMPAC Puffin – which is powered by the pilot pedaling to spin its propeller – John Wimpenny sets a world record for flight in a human-powered aircraft, flying  at Hatfield Aerodrome in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. The record will stand for ten years.
 May 4–5 – During the Carupanazo revolt against Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan Air Force aircraft attack rebel positions at Carúpano.
 May 22 – To kill himself and allow his family to collect his life insurance payment, passenger Thomas G. Doty detonates a dynamite bomb in a rear lavatory of Continental Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 707-124, near Centerville, Iowa, blowing off the tail section of the plane. The aircraft crashes near Unionville, Missouri, killing Doty and all of the other 44 people on board. United States Medal of Freedom recipient Fred P. Herman is among the dead.

June
 June 2 – During the Porteñazo revolt of the Venezuelan Marine Corps against Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan Air Force aircraft attack marine corps positions at Puerto Cabello.
 June 3 – The Boeing 707-328 Chateau de Sully, operating as Air France Flight 007, crashes shortly after take-off from Paris-Orly Airport in Paris, killing 130 of the 132 people on board in the deadliest single-aircraft disaster to date.
 June 6 – A helicopter pilot discovers the wreckage of the Fairchild 24 floatplane of Canadian National Hockey League player Bill Barilko of the Toronto Maple Leafs and his dentist, Henry Hudson, who had disappeared while flying back to Toronto from a weekend fishing trip on the Seal River in northern Ontario, Canada, on August 26, 1951. The wreckage is about  north of Cochrane, Ontario, about  off course.
 June 18 – To reduce the chances of Viet Cong forces slipping away from large South Vietnamese ground units by fleeing operations areas in small groups, U.S. Marine Corps helicopters operating in South Vietnam begin to use the "Eagle Flight" tactic, in which Marine transport helicopters circle contested areas and drop off South Vietnamese troops when and where they are needed to block escaping Viet Cong forces. It will become a proven tactic by the middle of July.
 June 19 – Four West German Air Force Lockheed F-104 Starfighters collide and crash, killing all four pilots.
 June 22
Flying a Dassault Mirage IIIC over a  closed circuit at Istres, France, French aviator Jacqueline Auriol sets a women's world speed record of .
While on final approach to land at Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Air France Flight 117, a Boeing 707-328, strays  off course and crashes  west-northwest of the airport, killing all 113 people on board. It is Air Frances second Boeing 707 disaster of the month.
 June 30 – An errant anti-aircraft missile that has gone astray during a Soviet air defense exercise accidentally shoots down Aeroflot Flight SSSR-42370, a Tupolev Tu-104, over Beryozovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, in the Soviet Unions Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. All 84 people on board die in the subsequent crash.

July
The Portuguese airline Transportes Aéreos Portugueses (TAP) – the future TAP Portugal – acquires three Sud Aviation Caravelles, its first jet airliners.
 July 7 – A Soviet Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-152 sets a new airspeed record of
 July 8 – Alitalia Flight 771, a Douglas DC-8-43, crashes  northwest of Junnar, India, while on approach to a landing at Bombay  to the northeast. All 94 people on board die.
 July 17 – U.S. Air Force Major Robert M. White pilots a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 314,750 feet (59.6 miles, 96 km). He reaches a maximum speed of 3,784 mph (6,093 km/h) during the flight.
 July 19 – United Arab Airlines Flight 869, a de Havilland DH-106 Comet 4C, crashes on Khao Yai mountain in Thailand while on approach to Bangkok, killing all 26 people on board.
 July 22 – The Bristol Britannia Empress of Lima, operating as Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 301, experiences problems with an engine just after takeoff from Honolulu International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii. Returning to the airport on three engines, it aborts its first landing attempt and begins a go around, during which it crashes, killing 27 of the 40 people on board. It is the worst commercial air accident and second-worst aviation accident in the history of Hawaii.
 July 25 – On Okinawa, the U.S. Army forms its first armed helicopter company, the Utility Tactical Transport Helicopter Company (UTTHCO) using Bell HU-1A ("Huey") helicopters equipped with machine guns and air-to-ground rockets. They are the first attack helicopters.
 July 28 – Aeroflot Flight 415, an Antonov An-10A on a domestic flight, crashes near Gagra, Abkhaz ASSR due to crew and air traffic control errors killing all 81 passengers and crew on board including nuclear physicist Natan Yavlinsky.

August
 August 1 – The U.S. Marine Corps loses a helicopter in Vietnam for the first time when a Republic of Vietnam Air Force fighter skids off a runway at Sóc Trăng Airfield, South Vietnam, and damages an HUS-1 Seahorse transport helicopter beyond repair.
 August 4 – Yemen Airlines, the future Yemenia, receives its operating license, becoming the flag carrier of the Yemen Arab Republic, also known as North Yemen.
 August 24 – In Iowa, Don Piccard sets a world altitude record for second-class balloons of  during a flight of 2 hours 2 minutes from Sioux City to Kennebec.
 August 29 – An American Lockheed U-2 photographs the entire island of Cuba, revealing for the first time the presence of eight Soviet surface-to-air missile sites along Cubas northwest coast designed to provide strategic air defense of Cuba from the United States.
 August 30 – Two Cuban patrol boats fire on a U.S. Navy Grumman S2F Tracker with a crew of three United States Naval Reserve personnel on a training flight  off Cárdenas, Cuba.
 August 31 – The U.S. Navy conducts its last blimp flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst, marking the end of its airship program.

September
 September 6 – Merpati Nusantara Airlines is founded and begins flight operations.
 September 8 – Two Cuban MiG-17 (NATO reporting name "Fresco") fighters make simulated firing runs against two U.S. Navy S2F Tracker aircraft over international waters. Two F4H-1 Phantom II fighters of U.S. Navy Fighter Squadron 41 (VF-41) scramble from Key West, Florida, to intercept, but the MiG-17s flee before the Phantoms can arrive.
 September 14 – Over Edwards Air Force Base, California, a United States Air Force B-58A-10-CF Hustler reaches an altitude of  carrying a  payload. The flight sets two new world records, breaking the altitude record for a flight carrying a  payload and for a flight carrying a  payload.
 September 18
By order of the United States Department of Defense, the United States Armed Forces begin use of a unified designation system, the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system, for their aircraft. The biggest change is that the Department of the Navys designation system employed by the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard is abandoned, with all aircraft brought under the system employed by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army.
U.S. Marine Corps helicopters fly a combat mission from Da Nang Air Base, South Vietnam, for the first time, airlifting South Vietnamese troops into the hills south of Da Nang.

October
 The U.S. Army begins a six-month test of the Bell UH-1 Iroquois in an armed escort role, evaluating the operations of the Utility Tactical Transport Helicopter Companys operations escorting  CH-21C Shawnee transport helicopters in South Vietnam. It is the first combat evaluation of the value of attack helicopters.
 Convair delivers the last of 116 B-58 Hustlers to the United States Air Force.
 October 1
U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Admiral George W. Anderson, Jr., begins preparation of a plan for air strikes against known Soviet missile bases in Cuba, with orders to have the plans ready by October 20.
Trans World Airlines inaugurates the use of a fully automated Doppler radar navigation system on scheduled transatlantic flights. The first flight to use the system, which flies from New York City to London, makes the first transatlantic crossing by a commercial or military aircraft without a professional navigator aboard in history.
 October 6
The U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy suffer their first helicopter fatalities in Vietnam when a Marine Corps UH-34 Seahorse crashes  from Tam Ky, South Vietnam, killing five Marines and two Navy personnel.
American inventor, businessman, adventurer, cryptozoologist, and heir to an oil fortune Tom Slick dies when his Beechcraft Bonanza 35 crashes near Dell, Montana, during his return to Texas from a hunting trip in Canada.
 October 7 – Clement Miller, a member of the United States House of Representatives representing California's 1st Congressional District, dies during an election campaign flight when his Piper Avalanche crashes into Chaparral Mountain near Eureka, California, during a storm. The other two people on board also are killed.
 October 9 – A PLUNA Douglas C-47A Skytrain on a test flight crashes during takeoff from Carrasco International Airport in Montevideo, Uruguay, and catches fire, killing all 10 people on board.
 October 14 – A U.S. Air Force Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance flight over Cuba reveals the presence of launchpads for medium-range ballistic missiles, triggering the Cuban Missile Crisis.
 October 22 – President John F. Kennedy announces a naval blockade – termed a "quarantine" – of Cuba, and U.S. military forces worldwide are ordered to Defense Condition (DEFCON) 2. The U.S. Navy has 250 aircraft cooperating with 46 ships in blockading Cuba; the attack aircraft carriers  and   and the antisubmarine carriers  and  are among the ships taking part. The United States has a combined 156 aircraft in Florida poised to strike targets in Cuba, capable of flying an estimated nearly 1,200 sorties on the first day of such strikes.
 October 23 – In Operation Blue Moon, six U.S. Navy RF-8 Crusader photographic reconnaissance aircraft flying from Key West, Florida, conduct the first American low-level flights over Cuba, flying at  only a few hundred feet off the ground.
 October 24
The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff order the U.S. military forces worldwide to Defense Condition (DEFCON) 2, with preparations to strike Cuba, the Soviet Union, or both. The U.S. Air Force has 1,436 strategic bombers and 134 intercontinental ballistic missiles on constant alert, with one-eighth of the bombers airborne at all times.
 U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Admiral George W. Anderson, Jr., asks the U.S. Air Force to assist in providing aerial surveillance of the sea approaches to Cuba. Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force General Curtis LeMay agrees to do so, adding that Air Force Strategic Air Command crews will find all Soviet shipping in the area in four hours. Several B-52 Stratofortress bombers and RB-47K Stratojet weather reconnaissance aircraft and 16 Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter aerial tankers make surveillance flights, but their crews inexperience in maritime reconnaissance leads them to report American, British, and Greek cargo ships as Soviet ones.
 October 26
Boeing delivers the last B-52 Stratofortress off the production line to the U.S. Air Force.
Convair delivers the last B-58 Hustler, a B-58A-20-CF, serial number 61-20280, to the U.S. Air Force. The production run ends after the construction of 116 B-58s. The B-58 is the world's only supersonic bomber.
 October 27 – A U-2 of the U.S. Air Forces 4080th Strategic Wing piloted by Major Rudolf Anderson. Jr., is shot down over Cuba, killing Anderson. Anderson posthumously will become the first recipient of the Air Force Cross.

November
 The British and French governments agree to collaboration between British Aircraft Corporation and Sud-Aviation in the development of a supersonic airliner. The agreement will lead to the development of the Concorde.
 A model of the UH-1B Iroquois helicopter specifically modified at the factory to serve in an attack helicopter role – the first such U.S. Army helicopter – begins to arrive in South Vietnam.
 U.S. Marine Corps transport helicopters in South Vietnam begin to employ "Tiger Flight" tactics, in which Marine Corps helicopters fly to nearby bases to embark South Vietnamese troops as a quick-reaction force to reinforce ground operations.
 November 9 – A serious landing accident virtually destroys North American X-15 56-6671 and injures National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) pilot John B. McKay.
 November 18 – President John F. Kennedy lifts the blockade ("quarantine") of Cuba.
 November 19 – The first scheduled airline flight – an Eastern Air Lines Lockheed Super Electra turboprop from Newark International Airport in Newark, New Jersey – arrives at Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia outside Washington, D.C.
 November 23 – United Airlines Flight 297, a Vickers Viscount 754D, strikes a flock of whistling swans at an altitude of  and crashes north of what would later become Columbia, Maryland, killing all 17 people on board.
 November 27 – Boeing rolls out the first Boeing 727 airliner at its Renton, Washington, plant.
 November 30 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 512, a Douglas DC-7B, crashes while trying to land in heavy fog at Idlewild Airport in New York City. Twenty-five of the 51 people on board die.

December
 December 8 – British troops are airlifted to Borneo to quell uprisings in the region.
 December 15 – The U.S. Navy reports that the last Soviet offensive weapons – 15 crated Ilyushin Il-28 (NATO reporting name "Beagle") bombers – have been removed from Cuba.

First flights
 Cessna 160

January
 January 9 – Hawker Siddeley Trident
 January 14 – Linn Mini Mustang
 January 23 – Tupolev Tu-126 (NATO reporting name "Moss")

February
 February 6 – DINFIA F.A.1 Guarini I

March
 March 23
Merville D.63
Pazmany PL-1
 March 27 – Piaggio P.166B

April
 April 14 – Bristol Type 188
 April 26 – Lockheed A-12

May
 May 1 – Wing Derringer N3621G
 May 9 – Sikorsky S-64
 May 30 – Sukhoi Su-15

June
 Jovair J-2
 June 29
Dornier Do 32
Vickers VC10 G-ARTA

July
 July 7 – Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird
 July 16 – Lightning F.3, third production model of the English Electric Lightning
 July 18 – Cessna 411

August
 Kawasaki KH-4
 August 10 – Bell 533
 August 12 – Beagle B.206Y, fully developed seven-seat prototype of the Beagle Basset
 August 13 – Hawker Siddeley HS.125 G-ARYA
 August 19 – Beagle B.218 G-ASCK

September
 September 19 – Aero Spacelines Pregnant Guppy

October
 October 12 – Dassault Balzac (tethered flight) (First non-tethered flight October 18)
 October 16 – Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight (a CH-46A model)
 October 28 – Westland Wasp

November
 November 2 – Lockheed XH-51
 November 7 – SIPA Antilope
 November 7 – Piper PA-30 Twin Comanche

December
 December 7 – Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon
 December 8 – Bell OH-4
 December 22 – Lockheed A-12
 December 24 – Aérospatiale N 262

Entered service
 Antonov An-24 ("Coke") with Aeroflot (crew training only)

March
 Aviation Traders Carvair with British United Air Ferries
 March 18 – Convair CV-990 with American Airlines

June
 McDonnell F4H-1 Phantom II with United States Marine Corps All-Weather Marine Fighter Squadron 314 (VMF(AW)-314)

July
 July 1 – Boeing Vertol 107 with New York Airways

October
 October 2 – Tupolev Tu-124 (NATO reporting name "Cookpot") with Aeroflot

Retirements
 September 12 – McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee by the Royal Canadian Navy, the last F2H Banshee user; the F2H-3 is also the last carrier-based fixed-wing strike aircraft ever deployed by the military of Canada

Notes

References
Bibliography

Aviation by year

1962 in aviation


Kuzey keten kuşu (Carduelis flammea), ispinozgiller (Fringillidae) familyasından ötücü bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri
Kuzey keten kuşu 12–14 cm uzunluğuna varır, ve 13–17 cm kanat genişliğine sahip olabilir. Ağırlığı 13-16 gramdır. Bu küçük kuşun üst kısmı gri ve kahverengi çizgili, karın kısmı beyaz renklidir. Kafasının üstü kırmızı renk olur. Yavru kuşların ve dişilerin, erkek kuşlarda olduğu gibi pembe renk bir göğsü yoktur. Uçarken "Çet-çet-çet.." diye bir ötüşü vardır.

Dağılımı
Kuzey keten kuşu Avrupa'da İzlanda, İskandinavya, İrlanda, İskoçya ve Alp dağları ve Türkiye'de bulunur. Kışın güneye doğru göç edip, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ile Anadolu'ya kadar gelirler. Kuzey Amerika'da da bulunur.

Dış bağlantılar

Carduelis
Türkiye'deki kuşlar
Göçmen kuşlar
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Kuzey keten kuşu


An Cypripedium debile in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Cypripedium debile in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cypripedium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Cypripedium

Cypripedium debile


Virmantas ist ein männlicher litauischer Vorname (abgeleitet von vyr-as und Mantas).

Personen
Virmantas Velikonis (1934–2012),  Politiker, Mitglied des Seimas und Agronom

Männlicher Vorname
Litauischer Vorname

Virmantas


Mattia Perin (Latina, Provincia Latina, Italia, 10 noiembrie din 1992) este un fotbalist Italian. Joacă ca portar la Juventus F.C. din Serie a din Italia.

Referințe

Fotbaliști italieni
Nașteri în 1992

Mattia Perin


තායිලන්ත ඉතිහාසය (1768 – 1932)

ක්‍රි.ව. 1824 දී  ඉන්දු චීන දේශි සීමා

අවුරැදු හාරසියයක පාලනයකින් අනතුරැව ක්‍රි.ව. 1767 දි 'ආයුම්තයි' අධිරාජ්‍යයේ අගනුවර ගිනි බත් කරමින් බුරැම බල ඇණිය විසින් තායිලන්ත ආක්‍රමණය කර රට දෙකඩ කරන ලදි. ඉන ්අනතුරැව මක්සින් සේනාධිපතිවරයා තායි අධිරාජ්‍යය යළි එක්සේසත් කර ක්‍රි.ව. 1769 දී එහි අධිරාජ්‍යයා ලෙස  තමා නම් කරන ලදි. ඉන් පසු කොන්බුරි නගරය ඔහු තම නව පාලන තන්ත්‍රය ලෙස නම් කරන ලදි. කෙසේ හෝ ටක්සින් අධිරාජ්‍යයා මානසික වියවුල්තාවයකින් පෙළෙන්නෙකු ලෙස චෝදනා ලැබ ධුරයෙන් පහ කරන ලදි. අනතුරැව සිරභාරයට පත් වූ ඔහු මරණයට පමුණුවන ලදි. තායි රාජ්‍යයේ රජකමකට ආශා කළ චක්රි සේනාධිපතිවරයා තමා බලාපොරොත්තු සඵල කර ගනිමින් ක්‍රි.ව. 1782 දී පළමු රාම ලෙස රාජ්‍යත්වට පත් වුයේ චක්රි වංශයේ බලයට පත් වූ පළමු වංශිකයා ලෙස ඉතිහාසයට  එක්වෙමිනි. ටක්සීන්ගේ අගනුවර වු තොන්බුරි නගරය හරහා දිවෙන  චාඕ ෆ්රයා නදිය අසබඩ පිහිටි බැංකොක් නගරය ඔහු තම අගනුවර ලෙස තෝරාග්නනා ලදි. එකල සියම් දේශය නම්න් හැදින්වූ බුරැමට ආක්‍රමණය කිරිමට ඔහුට හැකිවුණි. එමගින් බුරැමය විසින් පමුණුවා තිබු ජිවන වෘත්තීන්ගෙන් නිදහස් වීමට ලන්නා බවටත් හැකි විය. එවකට නව වංශිකයෙක් වු චක්රි රජු චක්රී රාජ වංශයේ පාලකයින් අතරින් ගෞරවයකට පාත්‍ර වූ රජ කෙනෙක් ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය.

තමන්ගේ අසල්වැසි රටක් වු බුරැම දේශය ක්‍රිව.ව. 1826 දී යුරෝපීය ජාතිකයන්ගේ යටත්විජිතයක් බවට පත් වුවායින්පසුව    රාජ රජුගේන් පැවත ආ උරැමක්කාරයන් ද ඔවුන්ගෙන් එල්ල විය හැකි ජර්ජන සදහා වැඩි සැලකිල්ලක් දක්වන ලදි. 1826 දී බටහිර රාජධානියත් සමග තායිලන්තය ප්‍රථම හවුල් ගිවිසුම ඇති කර ගන්නා ලදි. එක්සත් රාජධානිය සමග ඇති වූ එම ගිවිසුම මිත්‍රත්වය හා වාණිජ ගිවිසුම නම් විය. ඉන්පසු 1939 වන තෙක් සියමය ලෙස හැදින්වූ තායිලන්තය සමග 1833 දී එක්සත් ජනපදය රාජත්‍රාන්තික හුවමාරැ සිදු කරන ලදි. නැවතත් එම ගිවිසුම් 1945 දී හා 1949 දී ක්‍රියාත්මක වුණි.  කෙසේ වෙතත් 1804 – 1868 කාලය තුල පාලනය කල මොන්කුට් රජු හා ඔහුගේ පුත් චුලා‍ලොන්කොන් රජු හා දෙපිලගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය තුල තායිලන්තය විසින් බටහිර පාලකයින් සමග වෙළද සන්ධානයක් පිහිටුවන ලදි. එම සන්ධානගත වීම තායිලන්ත රජයට තායි අධිපත්‍යය තුල රාජ්‍යතාන්ත්‍රික වශයෙන් ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය කිරිමට ඉඩ අවස්ථාව උදාවුණි. මෙමගින් යුරෝපා ජාතිකයින් තම රාජ්‍යය තුල ජනපද පිහිටු වීම වැලැක්වූ දකුණු හා අග්නිදිග ආසියාවේ එකම  රට බවට පත් වීමට සියමයට හැකි වුණි. සියම් දේශයේ වර්තමාන නම තුළින් ද ඉහත සිදු වූ විශේෂ සිදුවීම කැපී පෙන්වයි.  'ප්‍රැකොට් තායි' නැතහොත් 'තායිලන්තය' නිර්මාණය වි ඇත්තේ 'ප්‍රැකොට්' නමින් හැදින්වූ ජාතිය හා 'තායි' යනුවෙන්  හැදින්වූ නිදහස යන තේරැම් ආරොපණය වීමෙනි.

1909 දී සියමය හා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය මලයාව අතර නව දේශසීමාව තිරණය කරමින් ඉංග්‍රිසීන් සියම් ගිවිසුම ඇතිවුණු. මෙම ගිවිසුම මගින් මලයා සුල්තාන්වරැන් වන 'පට්ටනි' හා 'කෙඩා' යටතේ පැවති පට්ටනි යාලා නාරතිවත් හා සටුන් යන ප්‍රදේශවල බලය තායිලන්තයට පැවරැණි. ප්‍රංශය සමග ඇති වූ අඛණ්ඩ සන්ධානගත විම හේතුවෙන් තායිලන්තයේ තුල ලාඕසය හා කාම්බෝජය අතර අති වූ වරත්මාන දේශ සීමාව තීරණය වුණි.

තායි ඉතිහාසය


دوري أبطال أوروبا 1999–2000 فاز فيه نادي ريال مدريد الإسباني على مواطنه نادي فالنسيا الإسباني في النهائي الذي أقيم على ملعب فرنسا في باريس وانتهت المباراة بنتيجة 3-0 لريال مدريد ليفوز بلقب الثامن في تاريخه.

التصفيات

الدور التأهيلي الأول

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الدور التأهيلي الثاني

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الدور التأهيلي الثالث

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مرحلة المجموعات الأولى

المجموعة A

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المجموعة B

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المجموعة C

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المجموعة D

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المجموعة E

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المجموعة F

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المجموعة G

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المجموعة H

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مرحلة المجموعات الثانية

المجموعة A

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المجموعة B

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المجموعة C

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المجموعة D

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مرحلة خروج المغلوب

ربع النهائي

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نصف النهائي

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النهائي

قائمة الهدافين
ملاحظة: لايتم احتساب الأهداف المسجلة في التصفيات.

مراجع

كرة القدم الأوروبية في 1999–2000
مواسم دوري أبطال أوروبا

دوري أبطال أوروبا 1999–2000


Prințesa Dorothea a Danemarcei (29 iunie 1546 – 6 ianuarie 1617) a fost ducesă de Brunswick-Lüneburg din 1561 până în 1592 ca soție a  Ducelui Wilhelm de Brunswick-Lüneburg. Ea a fost regentă pentru fiul ei minor Georg, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg din 1592 până în 1596.

Biografie
Născută la Kolding, Dorothea a fost copilul cel mic al regelui Christian al III-lea al Danemarcei și al reginei Dorothea de Saxa-Lauenburg. S-a căsătorit cu Wilhelm, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg la 12 octombrie 1561. Când soțul ei a murit în 1592 ea a devenit regentă pentru fiul ei minor. A avut o profundă neîncredere în consilieri din cauza proastei lor administrări a averilor soțului ei în timpul nebuniei sale. Dorothea a fost cunoscută ca un regent capabil și energic.

A murit la Winsen, Germania la vârsta de 70 de ani.

Copii care au atins vârsta adultă
 Sophie de Brunswick-Lüneburg (30 octombrie 1563 – 1639); s-a căsătorit cu Georg Frederic, Margraf de Brandenburg-Ansbach.
 Ernest al II-lea, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg (31 decembrie 1564 – 2 martie 1611); Prinț de Lüneburg în perioada 1592–1611.
 Elisabeta de Brunswick-Lüneburg (19 octombrie 1565 – 17 iulie 1621); s-a căsătorit cu Frederic, Conte de Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
 Christian, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg (19 noiembrie 1566 – 8 noiembrie 1633); Prinț de Lüneburg în perioada 1611–1633.
 Augustus I, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg (18 noiembrie 1568 – 1 octombrie 1636); Prinț de Lüneburg în perioada 1633–1636.
 Dorothea de Brunswick-Lüneburg (1 ianuarie 1570 – 15 august 1649); s-a căsătorit cu Karl I, Conte Palatin de Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld.
 Clara de Brunswick-Lüneburg (16 ianuarie 1571 – 18 iulie 1658); s-a căsătorit cu Wilhelm, Conte de Schwarzburg-Blankenburg.
 Anne Ursula de Brunswick-Lüneburg (22 martie 1572 – 5 februarie 1601)
 Margareta de Brunswick-Lüneburg (6 aprilie 1573 – 7 august 1643); s-a căsătorit cu Johann Casimir, Duce de Saxa-Coburg.
 Frederic al IV-lea, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg (28 august 1574 – 10 decembrie 1648); Prinț de Lüneburg în perioada 1636–1648.
 Maria de Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 octombrie 1575 – 8 august 1610)
 Magnus de Brunswick-Lüneburg (30 august 1577 – 10 februarie 1632)
 Georg, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg (17 februarie 1582 – 12 aprilie 1641); Prinț de Calenberg în perioada 1635–1641
 Johann de Brunswick-Lüneburg (23 iunie 1583 – 27 noiembrie 1628)
 Sybille de Brunswick-Lüneburg (3 iunie 1584 – 5 august 1652); s-a căsătorit cu Julius Ernest, Duce de Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Nașteri în 1546
Decese în 1617
Prințese daneze
Prințese norvegiene
Ducese de Brunswick-Lüneburg
Casa de Oldenburg
Regenți

Dorothea a Danemarcei, Ducesă de Brunswick-Lüneburg


An Sagittaria cristata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Georg George Engelmann. An Sagittaria cristata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sagittaria, ngan familia nga Alismataceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sagittaria

Sagittaria cristata


Eric Franklin (* 28. Februar 1957) ist ein Schweizer Sportwissenschaftler, Tänzer, Choreograf und Bewegungspädagoge.

Er gründete die Franklin-Methode und gilt weltweit als Experte in imaginativer Bewegungspädagogik bzw. für Dynamic Neurocognitive Imagery (NDI). Er lebt in Wetzikon, Schweiz. Der Diplomsportlehrer, Bachelor of Fine Arts, Buchautor sowie Universitätsdozent ist Mitglied der International Association of Dance Medicine and Science (IADMS). Eric Franklin unterrichtete als weltweit erster Tanztherapeut in China.

Werdegang
Eric Franklin studierte seit 1976 Sport an der ETH Zürich, nach seinem Abschluss wechselte er 1979 an die Tisch School of the Arts in New York, lernte Tanz. 1982 beendete er dieses Studium, wirkte seit 1980 an vielen Tanz- und Theaterproduktionen in Europa und in den USA mit. Zum Beispiel tanzte er mit der Kelly Dance Company und war Choreograf beim American Dance Festival. Im Studium befasste Eric Franklin sich mit Tanz Imagination, besonders mit der Ideokinese von Mabel Todd. Dieses Wissen vertiefte und erweiterte er mit eigenen Ideen, begann später, es zu vermitteln, unter anderem Tänzern, Spitzensportlern, Trainern und Bewegungslehrern. 1992 gründete Eric Franklin in der Schweiz das Institut für die Franklin-Methode. Er rief ferner die Ausbildung zum Bewegungspädagogen der Franklin-Methode sowie zum Franklin-Methode-Therapeuten ins Leben.

Bücher
1984 erschien Eric Franklins erstes Werk Breakdance. Er schrieb es gemeinsam mit William H. Watkins. Heute ist er Autor von 14 weiteren Büchern, in englischer und/oder in deutscher Sprache. In der Geschichte der Tanzliteratur ist Breakdance das erste Buch, das sich mit mentalem Training im Tanzen befasst, Conditioning for Dance dagegen das erste Buch über Krafttraining für Tänzer.

 Breakdance, 1984 (englisch, gemeinsam mit William H. Watkins)
 Dynamic alignment through imagery, 1996 (englisch)
 Dance Imagery for technique and performance, 1996 (englisch)
 Conditioning for Dance, 1996 (englisch)
 Befreite Körper, 1999 (deutsch)
 Fit bis in die Körperzellen, 2004 (deutsch)
 Die Bewegung beginnt im Kopf, 2007 (deutsch)
 Beckenboden Power, 2008 (deutsch)
 Denk dich jung!, 2008 (deutsch)
 Ball and imagery exercises for relaxed and flexible shoulders, neck and thorax, 2008 (englisch)
 Entspannte Schultern, gelöster Nacken, 2009 (deutsch)
 Happy Feet. Dynamic base, effortless posture, 2010 (englisch)
 The Psoas – Integrating Your Inner Core, 2011 (englisch)
 Locker sein macht stark: Wie wir durch Vorstellungskraft beweglich werden, 2011 (deutsch)
 Fascia Release and Balance, 2014 (englisch)
 The Art & Science of Cueing, 2016 (englisch)

Eric Franklins Bücher wurden in mehrere Sprachen übersetzt, darunter auch Chinesisch, Japanisch und Koreanisch sowie seit 2014 digitalisiert er sein Werk.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Tänzer (Schweiz)
Choreograf
Sportpädagoge
Tanztherapeut
Schweizer
Geboren 1957
Mann

Eric Franklin


නෝවෙයර් ටු රන් යනු ජීන්-ක්ලෝඩ් වැන් ඩැම් රඟන රොබට් හාමන් අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කල  1993 ඇමරිකානු ක්‍රියාදාම චිත්‍රපටයකි. රොසනා ආකෙට්, කීරන් කල්කින්, ටෙඩ් ලෙවින් සහ ජොස් ඇක්ලන්ඩ් යන පිරිස ද  මෙහි රංගනයෙන් දායක වෙති. 1993 ජනවාරි 15 මෙය ඇමරිකාවේ දී  නිකුත් විය.

කතාව
සෑම් ගිලන් යනු තම බැංකු-මංකොල්ල සහායක සමඟ ෆෙඩරල් අත්අඩංගුවෙන් පලායන කියුබෙක් වාසියෙකි.

References

චිත්‍රපට
ඉංග්‍රීසි-භාෂා චිත්‍රපට
චිත්‍රපට පිළිබඳ අංකුර ලිපි

නෝවෙයර් ටු රන්


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 13 Haziran - III. Charles, Kutsal Roma Cermen İmparatorluğu imparatoru (ö. 888)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Ebu Cafer Taberî, din ve tarih bilgini (ö. 923)

Ölümler
 Egbert, Wessex kralı (d. 771 / 775)
 İbrahim bin el-Mehdî, Abbasi halifesi (d. 779)
 Külüg Beg, Uygur Kağanı

839


Bouddha Box (Buddha Box en VO) est le huitième épisode de la saison 22 de South Park et le 295ème épisode de la série au total.

Synopsis
Cartman est diagnostiqué comme anxieux et se met à porter un carton sur la tête où il est seul avec son écran de téléphone. Principal PC et Femme à Poigne cachent toujours leur relation et maintenant, ils doivent cacher le fait qu'ils ont des bébés PC.

Résumé détaillé
Cartman est chez un thérapeute pour lui raconter ses problèmes personnels, il dit prendre conscience que les gens sont nuls et qu'il est heureux qu'avec son téléphone. Le thérapeute lui diagnostique de l'anxiété chronique.

À l'école, M. Mackey demande au Principal PC si ses histoires avec la vice-principale étaient bien terminées. Principal PC affirme que oui, mais pourtant, il se rend dans son bureau pour calmer les bébés qu'il a eu avec elle. Les deux font le maximum pour cacher le résultat de leur relation au travail étant donné que tout le monde croit qu'ils ont arrêté leur

Cartman est de plus en plus anxieux à cause des gens qui lui parlent pendant qu'il est sur son téléphone, il découvre un objet qui peut le calmer : la Bouddha Box. C'est une boîte qui permet d'être en tête-à-tête avec son téléphone. Craig qui est blasé par la nervosité excessive de Tweek prend également une Bouddha Box pour être coupé du monde. Mme Nelson trouve insupportable l'utilisation de la Bouddha Box par Cartman et l'envoie dans le bureau du principal. Mais le petit gros arrive à convaincre le Principal PC de par ses problèmes personnels de prendre également une Bouddha Box.

En rentrant chez eux, Femme à Poigne constate que Principal PC ne s'occupe pas des enfants. Après une grosse dispute entre les deux, Femme à Poigne décide elle aussi de s'occuper avec une Bouddha Box. Cependant comme les deux parents restent avec leur boîte, les bébés PC s'échappent. En se rendant à la mini-brasserie de Crunchy de South Park, ils trouvent le nom des boissons offensant pour certaines minorités. En jouant au football à l'école, Cartman et Craig restent inactifs avec leur Bouddha Box. Kyle s'énerve et les deux s'insultent. Token disant que son père n'est pas venu le voir pour qu'ils perdent lui demande de partir, sauf que, le père de Token également utilise la Bouddha Box. Le thérapeute reçoit désormais Tweek accompagné de Craig, Liane accompagné de son fils et Token accompagné de son père. Les trois personnages sont contrariés de la rupture social qu'ont leurs proches. Avec la Bouddha Box, ils sont coupés du monde. Lors de la thérapie de groupe, Liane essaye de parler à Cartman qui ne lui répond pas. Pour lui communiquer, elle lui envoie un message alors qu'ils sont à côté. Cartman s'énerve en recevant le message et reproche à sa mère qu'il est incompris.

Paniqués, le couple PC se rend au poste de police pour signaler que 5 bébés PC ont disparu sans préciser qui est le père. Femme à Poigne dit être la mère mais le Principal PC dit juste être un collègue. Après leur déposition au poste, les deux collègues attendent en se remettant dans leur Bouddha Box. Tandis qu'au Splashtown de M. Pi Pi, devant le grand tobogan aquatique, Cartman bloque tout le monde en ne voulant pas aller dans le tobogan car il est dans sa boîte. Kyle commence à lui crier dessus qu'il ferait mieux de rester chez lui. Cartman, offensé, pense que Kyle veut dire que tous les anxieux devraient rester chez eux. Il s'en va de l'attraction. Juste après, Kyle se plaint que Cartman se repose sur sa serviette (à Kyle). Cartman et Kyle ont une grosse dispute, Kyle obtient le dernier mot en disant à Cartman que tout le monde fait de l'anxiété et essaye de faire de son mieux contrairement à lui qui s'enfonce.

Ensuite, après cette déclaration de Kyle, Cartman se rend à la mairie habillé en bouddhiste pour clarifier la signification du mot Namasté. Il dit que ça veut dire : « Je t'emmerde, je fais de l'anxiété ! ». Après cela, il propose à la maire de donner des Bouddha Box à tout le monde pour aider. À la suite de leur protestation de la construction d'un immeuble, les bébés PC produisent une chanson pour une maison de disques. Cette chanson passe à la radio y compris à celle du poste de police, le couple PC reconnaît la voix de leurs fils et retrouvent. Ils découvrent également avoir raté la première manifestation des bébés parce qu'ils étaient sur leur boîte. Dès lors, Principal PC a une idée.

Ils organisent une réunion à l'école où ils avouent toujours être ensemble, Principal PC prend la parole pour déclarer que les Bouddha Box et les téléphones seront interdits à l'école. Cependant, à la réunion, tout le monde a une Bouddha Box dont personne n'écoute. En voyant que personne ne les écoute, le couple prend des vacances à Aspen.

Références culturelles
La fausse séquence d'introduction des bébés PC est une parodie de celui des Muppet Babies (2018) comme dans l'épisode Un problème de caca.

À la fin de l'épisode, Cartman est habillé en bouddhiste. Référence au jeu qui venait de sortir un an avant cette saison : Phone Destroyer.

Les enfants reviennent à la piscine aperçu dans l'épisode Pipi.

Le souhait de Cartman d'être coupé du monde rappelle un autre épisode similaire : Dans ma bulle.

À la fin de l'épisode, la famille PC va à Aspen, ville déjà montrée dans l'épisode Asspen.

Le film mentionne Black Panther.

Cartman mentionne Creed 2 dans l'épisode.

Notes
Stan et Kenny étant des personnages majeurs de la série n'ont presque pas parlé de l'épisode.

L'épisode fait suite à une intrigue sur la famille PC dans l'épisode Un problème de caca.

Réception critique
Écrivant pour Vulture.com, Charles Bramesco a noté l'épisode à une étoile sur 5. Il a estimé qu'il "commence par un mauvais diagnostic et se construit vers l'extérieur à partir de cette fausse prémisse, progressant dans la mauvaise direction comme un poil incarné". Il n'a pas aimé le point que les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux les utilisent comme un laissez-passer pour agir sans considération pour leur entourage.

John Hugar de The A.V. Club était plus favorable et appréciait l'intrigue secondaire du Principal PC, Femme à Poigne et leurs bébés PC, il pensait que le message de Matt Stone et Trey Parker sur l'utilisation excessive des smartphones était un peu trop lourd pour eux-mêmes. Bien, même si ils font de bonnes blagues et ont un point variable.

Jesse Schedeen de IGN a attribué à l'épisode une note de 3,5/10. Il a critiqué l'utilisation de l'anxiété de Cartman et les bébés PC pleurant sur les injustices sociales alors que les gags d'une note s'étendaient bien au-delà du point de rupture. Schedeen a écrit que l'épisode ressassait de vieilles blagues bien au-delà de leur date d'expiration, mais aimait la fin avec les bébés PC et leurs parents, qui, selon lui, ne faisait pas grand-chose pour compenser les défauts de l'épisode.

Références

Épisode de South Park, saison 22

Bouddha Box


Mladen Markač ()  este un general croat. Între 2008 și 2012, împreună cu Ante Gotovina și Ivan Čermak, a fost acuzat de Tribunalul Penal Internațional pentru fosta Iugoslavie pentru presupusa implicare în crime legate de operațiunea Furtuna lansată de  armata croată în timpul Războiului de Independență al Croației. Čermak a fost achitat complet, dar condamnările lui Gotovina și Markač au fost ulterior anulate printr-o cerere de apel la TPII.

Note

Nașteri în 1955
Generali croați
Persoane inculpate de Tribunalul Penal Internațional pentru fosta Iugoslavie

Mladen Markač


عمواس قرية فلسطينية احتلت عام 1967 ودمرها الجيش الإسرائيلي وطرد أهلها (ذات المصير أصاب قريتي يالو وبيت نوبا في منطقة اللطرون)، كانت تقع في منطقة اللطرون جنوب شرق الرملة، وكانت تقع على مفترق طرق يوصل بين مدن رئيسية هي: رام الله والرملة ويافا والقدس وغزة. تبعد عن يافا حوالي 30 كم ومثل ذلك تقريباً عن القدس. قبل النكبة كانت تربطها طرق ممهدة بقرى اللطرون ويالو والقباب وسلبيت ودير أيوب وبيت سوسين وبيت جيز. ترتفع عن سطح البحر 230 متراً.

تاريخ عمواس
«عمواس» بمعنى الينابيع الحارة بلد قديم. كان اسمها في العهد الروماني «نيقوبوليس» بمعنى مدينة النصر نسبة إلى انتصار فاسبسيانوس على اليهود خلال الثورة اليهودية الكبرى.
وصلها المسلمون في خلافة أبي بكر حيث فتحها عمرو بن العاص بعد استيلائه على اللد ويبنا. أصبحت مقر جند المسلمين. انتشر فيها الطاعون في زمن عمر بن الخطاب ومنها إنتشر إلى سائر بلاد الشام ومات فيه آلاف كثيرة من الناس وسمي طاعون عمواس.

في عمواس كنيسة بيزنطية أعاد الفرنج بناءها في القرن الثاني عشر للميلاد إبان الحملات الصليبية.
دير اللطرون الواقع في جوار عمواس، أقامه رهبان الترابيست عام 1890 للميلاد، وهم رهبان كاثوليك سمّوا كذلك نسبة إلى دير «تراب» في فرنسا.

عمواس في ألإنجيل
ذُكرت في الإنجيل في لوقا ١٣: ٢٤-٣٥ على انها قرية تبعد ستين غلوة عن القدس؛ إلا أن شكوكًا تدور فيما إذا كان المكان المقصود قرية أبو غوش أو عمواس نيكوبوليس (Emmaus Nicopolis) أو القبيبة؛ اكتشف علماء الآثار مؤخرًا حصناً تاريخيًا قد يساعد في تحديد موقع عمواس التي وردت في الإنجيل.

المساحة والسكان

تملك عمواس أكثر من 5000 آلاف دونم. اعتاد أهلها زراعة الحبوب والبقول. بها أشجار لوز وتين وعنب وصبار وزيتون. وفي عمواس وحولها ينابيع استفاد منها السكان للشرب وغيره، أشهرها «بئر الحلوة» الواقع بجانب دير اللطرون.

كان في عمواس عام 1922 نحو 824 نسمة وفي عام 1931 نحو 1021 شخصاً عاشوا في 224 بيتاً وفي عام 1945 قدروا ب 1450 نسمة، وصل عددهم حسب تعداد أجري في 18 نوفمبر 1961 إلى 1955 نسمة. معظم السكان يعودون بأصلهم إلى عائلة الشيخ ومنها مختار عمواس وعائلتي برغش وأبو غوش التي تبعد 15 كم عن عمواس باتجاه القدس. ولهاتين العائلتين أبناء عم في الأردن وهم عشائر البطاينة والسيوف وآل أبوبكر وفرعهم آل الأحمد وجميعهم من قبيلة شمر الطائية.

في عمواس مسجدان ومدرسة ابتدائية للبنين أسست سنة 1919 بمعلم واحد. وبعد النكبة أصبح فيها مدرستان واحدة للبنات والأخرى للبنين. وتحتوي عمواس أيضاً على كنيسة متهدمة وهياكل فسيفساء ومدافن قديمة وقناة منقورة في الصخر وبقايا حمام روماني وآثار معمارية كثيرة ومقامات وأضرحة مقدسة ينسب أحدها إلى الصحابي أبي عبيدة عامر بن الجراح رغم كونه غير مدفون هناك وينسب مقام «الشيخ معلّى» إلى الصحابي معاذ بن جبل.

التهجير عام 1967
هدم الاحتلال قرية عمواس في حزيران 1967 وقد مر بها بعد خرابها الصحفي البريطاني مايكل آدمز ووصفها في تقرير نشر في صحيفة الصنداي تايمز جاء فيه:  وأضاف في وصفه الذي نشرته صحيفة الأهرام في 19 يونيو 1968:
«كانت عمواس على خريطة الحج التي أحملها معي... ولكنها لن توضع على أية خريطة تصدرها إسرائيل، لأن الإسرائيليين محوا كل أثر لها». وقد أقام الاحتلال متنزهاً عامّاً على أرض عمواس اسمه «منتزه كندا» (Canada Park) أو «بارك أيلون».

وصلات خارجية
 عمواس نيكوبوليس

مراجع

التاريخ اليهودي اليوناني القديم
أرثوذكسية شرقية
مدن العهد الجديد
مدن فلسطين
مستعمرات يهودية قديمة في يهودا
مواقع أثرية في إسرائيل

عمواس


مسألة مجموع المجموعات الجزئية Subset sum problem هي مسألة هامة في نظرية التعقيد الحسابي وعلم التعمية.
يتم سرد المسألة على النحو التالي، من أجل مجموعة من الأعداد الصحيحة، هل يوجد بعض المجموعات الجزئية الغير خالية التي يكون مجموع عناصرها مساوياً للصفر؟
على سبيل المثال هل يوجد مجموعة جزئية من المجموعة التالية {−2, −3, 15, 14, 7, −10} يكون مجموع عناصرها مساوياً للصفر؟ الجواب بكل بساطة هو نعم، لأن المجموعة الجزئية {−2, −3, −10, 15} مجموعها صفر وهو أمر من الممكن التحقق منه بكل بساطة بجمع العناصر. لكن إن عملية إيجاد كل مجموعة جزئية من المجموعة الأساسية يكون مجموع جميع عناصرها ينتهي إلى الصفر يأخذ وقتاً طويلاً.
هذه المسألة هي مسألة NP كاملة وربما هي من أبسط المسائل من المسائل المعقدة.

مراجع

برمجة ديناميكية
مسائل كثيرة حدود غير قطعية كاملة

مسألة مجموع المجموعات الجزئية


Et gaskomfur er en type komfur, der bruger brandbar gas som syntesegas, naturgas, propan, butan, flaskegas eller en lignende type brandbar gas til opvarmning. Før fremkomsten af gas benyttede man faste brændstoffer som kul eller træ til komfurer. De første gaskomfurer blev udviklet i 1820'erne, og den første fabrik, der fremstillede disse, blev etableret i England i 1836. Den nye madlavningsteknologi havde den fordel at varmen nemt kunne justeres, også til bestemte temperature ved brug af gasmærke skalaen, og at den kunne slukkes, når den ikke skulle bruges. Gaskomfurer blev dog ikke en kommerciel succes før 1880'erne, hvor gas blev gjort tilgængelig i byerne i form af bygas i mange større byer i Storbritannien. Gaskomfurer blev almindelige på Kontinentaleuropa og USA i begyndelsen af 1900-tallet.

Gaskomfurer blev nemmere at anvende, da man integrerede gasovne i udstyret, og da man reducerede størrelsen på dem, så de bedre kunne passe ind i et normalt køkken. I 1910'erne begyndte producenterne at emaljere deres komfurer for at gøre dem nemmere at rengøre.

Oprindeligt tændte man gaskomfurer med tændstikker, men dette blev forbedret med en såkaldt pilotflamme. Det havde dog ulempen ved kontinuerligt at bruge gas. Ovnen havde stadig brug for at blive tændt med en tændstik, og hvis man ved en fejl tændte for gassen uden at tænde ovnen, kunne dette lede til en eksplosion. For at forhindre flere af denne type uheld udviklede og installerede producenterne en sikkerhedsventil  til kogepladen og i ovnen. Moderne gaskomfurer har elektronisk tænding, automatisk tidsindstilling og emhætter til at lede gasser væk.

Eksterne henvisninger

Komfurer

Gaskomfur


Einar Sigurdsson (født 1539 på gården Hraun i Thingø Syssel i det nordostlige Island, død 15. juli 1626 i Heydalir) var en islandsk teolog og salmedigter.

Hans forældre vare præsten Siguður Thorsteinsson og Guðrún Finnbogadatter. Efter 4 års skolegang på Holar blev han præsteviet, kun 18 år gammel, og allerede det følgende år giftede han sig for første gang med Margrét Helgadatter. De fik en søn, Oddur Einarsson, som senere blev biskop på Island.

Efter hans første hustrus død giftede han sig med Olof Thorarinsdatter. Han fik en mængde børn og levede i mange år i trange kår, indtil hans søn af første agteskab Oddur Einarsson i 1589 som nyudnævnt biskop til Skalholt vendte tilbage til Island. Sønnen tog straks faderen og hele hans husstand hjem til sig, skaffede ham næste år et kald i sit eget bispedømme og forflyttede ham her fra 1591 til det anselige præstekald Heydalir i det østlige Island, hvilket han indehavde til sin død.

Einar Sigurdsson syslede hele livet igjennem med opbyggelig digtning og regnes blandt sin tids bedste salmedigtere. Et vidnesbyrd om samtidens påskønnelse afgiver den af biskop G. Thorlaksson i 1612 udgivne "Vísnabók" (en samling åndelige sange), hvis første afsnit næsten udelukkende skyldes Einar Sigurdsson.

Litteratur
 Kr. Kaalund: "Sigurdsson, Einar" (i: Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1. udgave, bind XV, s. 578)

Teologer fra Island
Digtere fra Island
Personer i Dansk Biografisk Leksikon

Einar Sigurðsson


Bolívia participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, realizados em Pequim, na China.

Foi a sétima aparição do país em Olimpíadas de Inverno. Foi representado por dois atletas: Simon Breitfuss Kammerlander, no esqui alpino, e Timo Juhani Grönlund, no esqui cross-country.

Competidores
Esta foi a participação por modalidade nesta edição:

Desempenho

Masculino

Masculino

Ligações externas

Bolivia
2022
Desporto na Bolívia em 2022

Bolívia nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022


est un film américain réalisé par Ramin Niami, sorti en 1998.

Synopsis
La vie de plusieurs habitants du Lower East Side : la thérapeute Betty, l'immigrante chinoise Lu Lu, le gauchiste Che, la femme du superviseur de l'immeuble Marta et l'arnaqueur Frankie.

Fiche technique
 Titre :
 Réalisation : Ramin Niami
 Scénario : Patrick Dillon et Ramin Niami
 Musique : John Cale
 Photographie : Igor Sunara
 Montage : Elizabeth Gazzara et Ramin Niami
 Production : Ramin Niami et Karen Robson
 Société de production : Sideshow
 Pays :
 Genre : Comédie dramatique
 Durée : 94 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Sandra Bernhard : Betty
 Ornella Muti : Marta
 Robert John Burke : Frankie
 Peter Stormare : Graham
 Bai Ling : Lu Lu
 Paul Anthony Stewart : Che
 Bulle Ogier : Brigitte
 Linda Dano : la productrice de télévision
 Bill Sage : Justin
 Steven Schub
 Kim Walker : Molly, l'apprentie actrice texane
 John Fugelsang : Henry
 Robert H. Shapiro : Larry
 Kelly Dupre : 2-Kool
 Jimmy Noonan : Brain
 Victoria Bastel : Johanna
 David Pittu : l'agent de Graham
 Paolina Weber : Nine
 Mike Danner : George
 Ed Koch : lui-même
 Chad Boreen : Band Fan

Accueil
Ken Eisner pour Variety évoque un film « amusant » et « plutôt optimiste ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1998
Comédie dramatique américaine
Film se déroulant à New York

Somewhere in the City


Le cantatrici villane (título original en italiano; en español, Las cantantes campesinas) es una ópera bufa (dramma giocoso) en dos actos con música de Valentino Fioravanti y libreto en italiano de Giovanni Palomba. Se estrenó en enero de 1799 en el Teatro dei Fiorentini de Nápoles. En España se estrenó en el año 1833, en el Teatro de la Santa Cruz de Barcelona. Una versión revisada en un acto se estrenó en el Teatro San Moisè de Venecia como Le virtuose ridicole en 1801.

La trama se desarrolla en Frascati en el . Esta ópera se representa poco; en las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con sólo una representación, la primera y única de Fioravanti.

Referencias
Operone
Notas

Licencia

Óperas de 1799

Enlaces externos

Óperas de Valentino Fioravanti
Óperas en italiano
Óperas estrenadas en Nápoles

Le cantatrici villane


Provinsen Nedre Canada (fransk: Province du Bas-Canada, engelsk: Province of Lower Canada) var en britisk koloni langs det nedre af Saint Lawrence-floden og ved Saint Lawrence-bugten; provinsen eksisterede i perioden 1791-1841. Den omfattede det sydlige af nutidens Québec-provins og Labrador-regionen af Newfoundland og Labrador-provinsen i Canada (indtil Labrador-regionen overgik til Newfoundland i 1809).

Fransk koloni
Nedre Canada bestod af den tidligere franske koloni Ny Frankrig og var beboet af mange franskcanadiere, som var afstået til Storbritannien efter dette riges sejr i Syvårskrigen, også kaldet den franske og indianske krig i Nordamerika. Andre dele af Ny Frankrig blev til kolonierne Nova Scotia, New Brunswick og Prince Edward Island.

Etablering
Provinsen Nedre Canada blev etableret via Konstitutionsloven fra 1791, som ændrede provinsen Québec til provinsen Nedre Canada og provinsen Øvre Canada.

Ordet "nedre" refererer til det geografiske område længere nede ad floden Saint Lawrence ved dens udmunding i bugten end det samtidige Øvre Canada, der lå længere oppe ad floden.

Sammenslutning
Kolonien ophørte med at eksistere i 1841, hvor den blev slået sammen med Øvre Canada til Provinsen Canada.

Forhenværende nordamerikanske lande
Canadas historie

Nedre Canada


The Fedora Project is an independent project to co-ordinate the development of Fedora Linux, a Linux-based operating system, operating with the vision of "a world where everyone benefits from free and open source software built by inclusive, welcoming, and open-minded communities." The project's mission statement is to create "an innovative platform for hardware, clouds, and containers that enables software developers and community members to build tailored solutions for their users". The project also oversees Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux, a special interest group which maintains the eponymous packages. The project was founded in 2003 as a result of a merger between the Red Hat Linux (RHL) and Fedora Linux projects. It is sponsored by Red Hat (an IBM subsidiary) primarily, but its employees make up only 35% of project contributors, and most of the over 2,000 contributors are unaffiliated members of the community.

History
The Fedora Project was founded in November 2003 when Red Hat decided to split Red Hat Linux into Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and a community-based operating system, Fedora. Red Hat Professional Workstation was created at this same time with the intention of filling the niche that RHL had once filled but it was created without a certain future. This option quickly fell by the wayside for non-enterprise RHL users in favor of Fedora.

Fedora operating system
The first edition of the Fedora operating system—then known as Fedora Core 1—was released on November 6, 2003. Fedora Core 1 was released on a fixed schedule, every four to six months.

The Fedora distribution has a reputation as being a FOSS distribution that focuses on innovation and close work with upstream Linux communities.

In November 2021, the company announced the release of Fedora Linux 35. Fedora 36 was released the following year in May 2022.

Security intrusion
In August 2008, several Fedora servers were compromised. Upon investigation it was found that one of the compromised servers was used for signing Fedora update packages. The Fedora Project stated that the attacker(s) did not get the package signing key which could be used to introduce malicious software onto Fedora users' systems through the update process. Project administrators performed checks on the software and did not find anything to suggest that a Trojan horse had been introduced into the software. As a precaution the project converted to new package signing keys.

Fedora published the full details on March 30, 2009.

Governance
The Fedora Project is not a separate legal entity or organization; Red Hat retains liability for its actions. The Fedora Council is the top-level community leadership and governance body. The Council is composed of a mix of representatives from different areas of the project, named roles appointed by Red Hat, and a variable number of seats connected to medium-term project goals. The previous governance structure (Fedora Board) comprised five Red Hat appointed members and five community-elected members. Additionally, Fedora Project leader had a veto power over any board decision; in the current model, all voting members can block on issues, with a valid reason. Red Hat at one point announced intentions to create a separate Fedora Foundation to govern the project, but after consideration of a variety of issues, canceled it in favor of the board model currently in place.

The community is also involved in organizing lower levels of leadership, both the Fedora Engineering Steering Committee (FESCo) and the Mindshare Committee (responsible for technical and community oversight, respectively) are community-elected bodies which manage significant portions of the project.

The project facilitates online communication among its developers and community members through public mailing lists and wiki pages. It also coordinates two main events, known as the Fedora Users and Developers Conference (FUDCon) and Flock (or Flock to Fedora). FUDCon is a free software event held at different locations in the two designated regions of Latin America and Asia/Pacific. Typically, it revolves around some combination of conferencing, social events, and a hackathon. Flock is a similar event which replaced FUDCon in North America and Europe/the Middle East. Task-specific, flexibly scheduled events known as Fedora Activity Days also gather many project contributors together in various regions.

Sub-projects

Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)
EPEL is a repository of extra packages published by the Fedora project, which can be expected to work in RHEL and RHEL-compatible systems.
EPEL is organised by a Fedora Special Interest Group. EPEL packages are usually based on their Fedora counterparts and will never conflict with or replace packages in the base Enterprise Linux distributions. EPEL uses much of the same infrastructure as Fedora, including buildsystem, bugzilla instance, updates manager, mirror manager and more.

See also
 Fedora Linux
 Fedora Linux Rawhide
 389 Directory Server

References

External links

Fedora Project


Der Vombach, im Oberlauf auch Rohrbach genannt, ist ein etwa 7,8 km langer, nördlicher und orographisch linker Zufluss der Diemel in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Hessen. Er verläuft in den Gemarkungen der Städte Borgentreich in Ostwestfalen und Liebenau in Nordhessen.

Verlauf und Einzugsgebiet
Der Vombach entspringt als Rohrbach im ostwestfälischen Kreis Höxter im Naturpark Teutoburger Wald/Eggegebirge in der Warburger Börde. Seine Quelle liegt etwa 1,4 km nordöstlich vom Zentrum des Kernorts von Körbecke, einem östlichen Stadtteil von Borgentreich. Sie befindet sich in landwirtschaftlich genutztem Gebiet auf rund .

Anfangs fließt der Vombach westwärts und dann südwärts. Nach Einmünden eines ebenfalls Vombach genannten, rund 4,8 km langen Bachs, der etwa 2,5 km nordnordöstlich von Körbecke östlich des Naturschutzgebiets Körbecker Bruch auf etwa  () Höhe entspringt, verläuft er südostwärts und tangiert dabei Körbecke westlich, um dann durch dessen südliche Wohngebiete zu fließen. Etwas weiter südlich bildet der Bach auf kurzer Strecke die Grenze zum nordhessischen Landkreis Kassel und verläuft dort entlang der Naturparkgrenze.

Nach endgültigem Verlassen des Naturparks Teutoburger Wald/Eggegebirge erreicht der nun in Nordhessen fließende Vombach die Kernstadt von Liebenau, wo ihn der Märchenlandweg überquert und er auf etwa  Höhe in den dort von Südwesten kommenden Weser-Nebenfluss Diemel mündet.

Das Einzugsgebiet des Vombachs mit wenigen kleinen Zuflüssen, darunter das auch Vombach genannte Fließgewässer bei Körbecke, ist 19,509 km² groß.

Ortschaften
Dörfer am oder nahe dem Vombach sind (flussabwärts betrachtet):
 Körbecke – Stadtteil von Borgentreich, Nordrhein-Westfalen (nahe der Quelle)
 Liebenau – Kernort der Stadt Liebenau, Hessen (Mündungsort)

Einzelnachweise

Vombach


Alpha Sports (ASP) est un constructeur australien de voitures en kit. Il fabrique des voitures de sport basées à l'origine sur le style de la Lotus Seven, mais elles ont évolué pour créer leurs propres designs distinctifs.

En 1962, Rory Thompson (en compagnie de Ray Lewis) a construit des voitures de type Lotus Seven sous le nom de « Bacchus Clubman ». Ils ont utilisé des moteurs BMC B-Series 1500. Plus tard, ils ont nommé leur entreprise ASP, Alpha Sports Productions, avec un atelier situé à Alpha House, Alpha Street, Kensington, Adélaïde, Australie. La première voiture et quelques-unes des suivantes utilisaient des moteurs Ford 1500, mais la plupart des premières ASP (route et course) utilisaient des moteurs à tige de poussée Toyota 3-K 1200/1300.

, la société construit l'ASP 320 G Clubman utilisant le moteur Toyota 4AGE 20 Valve 1,6 litre DACT. Le châssis peut néanmoins s'adapter à d'autres moteurs.

L'ASP 350/570, plus grande, est équipée de moteurs V6 et V8 respectivement. La conception du châssis permet d'installer une grande variété de moteurs. Les voitures ont été conçues pour être construites avec des moteurs et des groupes motopropulseurs Holden.

Les voitures Alpha Sports sont toujours en production à Adélaïde, en Australie-Méridionale, avec plus de 15 voitures en production et plusieurs demandes en cours. Tous les modèles d'ASP sont en cours de construction avec des plans pour construire un nouveau véhicule plus moderne pour répondre aux préférences changeantes de l'industrie automobile.

Références

Liens externes

 Alpha Sports Productions

Marque australienne
Constructeur de voitures de sport
Entreprise fondée en 1962
Entreprise ayant son siège en Australie-Méridionale

Alpha Sports


An Luzula atlantica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Braun-blanq.. An Luzula atlantica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Luzula, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Luzula

Luzula atlantica


Fiona Anne Crackles est une joueuse anglaise de hockey sur gazon qui joue comme milieu de terrain pour l'Université de Durham et les équipes nationales d'Angleterre et de Grande-Bretagne.

Première vie
Elle est née le 11 février 2000 à Kirkby Lonsdale, en Cumbrie. Elle a fréquenté Queen Elizabeth School en Cumbrie.

Carrière

Club
Elle joue au hockey de club dans la Division One North pour le .

Elle a joué en Australie pour les moins de 21 ans du Queensland aux championnats nationaux en juin 2019.

International
Elle a participé aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020 pour la Grande-Bretagne, recevant une médaille de bronze.

Références

Liens externes

Joueuse britannique de hockey sur gazon
Naissance en février 2000
Médaillée de bronze olympique britannique
Joueuse de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020

Fiona Crackles


A antrobótica é a ciência de desenvolver e estudar robôs que são inteiramente ou de alguma forma humanos.

O termo antrobótica foi originalmente cunhado por Mark Rosheim em um artigo intitulado "Design of An Omnidirectional Arm" apresentado na Conferência Internacional IEEE sobre Robótica e Automação, 13-18 de maio de 1990, pp. 2162–2167. Rosheim diz que derivou o termo de "...Antropomórfico e Robótica para distinguir a nova geração de robôs hábeis de seus ancestrais robôs industriais simples". A palavra ganhou maior reconhecimento como resultado de seu uso no título do livro subsequente de Rosheim, Robot Evolution: The Development of Anthrobotics, que se concentrava em fac-símiles de habilidades e atributos físicos e psicológicos humanos.

No entanto, foi proposta uma definição mais ampla do termo antrobótico, em que o significado é derivado da antropologia e não do antropomórfico. Esse uso inclui robôs que respondem à entrada de maneira humana, em vez de simplesmente imitar as ações humanas, portanto, teoricamente, sendo capazes de responder com mais flexibilidade ou se adaptar a circunstâncias imprevistas. Essa definição expandida também abrange robôs situados em ambientes sociais com a capacidade de responder a esses ambientes adequadamente, como robôs de insetos, animais de estimação robóticos e similares.

A antrobótica agora é ensinada em algumas universidades, incentivando os alunos não apenas a projetar e construir robôs para ambientes além das aplicações industriais atuais, mas também a especular sobre o futuro da robótica que está incorporada no mundo em geral, como telefones celulares e computadores estão hoje. Em 2016, o filósofo Luis de Miranda criou o Anthrobotics Cluster na Universidade de Edimburgo, "uma plataforma de pesquisa interdisciplinar que busca investigar algumas das maiores questões que precisarão ser respondidas" sobre a relação entre humanos, robôs e sistemas inteligentes e "um think tank sobre a disseminação social da robótica, e também como a automação faz parte da definição do que os humanos sempre foram" para explorar a relação simbiótica entre humanos e protocolos automatizados.

Ligações externas
Mark Rosheim's company site
The Anthrobotics Cluster at the University of Edinburgh
Luis de Miranda's Anthrobotics' blog

Robótica

Antrobótica


El Payún Liso o Payén Liso es un estratovolcán ubicado en la la Payunia, Argentina. Más precisamente está situado en el departamento de Malargüe, en el sur de la provincia de Mendoza. Forma junto a Payún Matrú y otros volcanes una provincia de volcánica de retroarco es decir "detrás" del arco volcánico que es la Zona Volcánica Sur que ubicada en los Andes. Payún Liso se alza alrededor de 1700 m sobre la llanuras que lo rodean.

Referencias

Payun Liso
Departamento Malargüe

Payún Liso


Magister Militum, Roma İmparatorluğunda ve cumhuriyet döneminde bugünün genelkurmay başkanına denk gelen memurluk rütbesi. İmparatordan veya Konsülden sonra askeri alanda en yetkili rütbe Magister Militumdur. Roma İmparatorluğunun ikiye bölünmesinden sonra her iki imparatorlukta da bu rütbe sistemi devam etmiştir. Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu'nun son dönemlerinde imparatorların bu rütbeyi bizzat kendilerine verdikleri görülmüştür.

Meşhur Magister Militumlara örnek olarak Batı Roma İmparatorluğunu Attila'dan kurtaran Flavius Aethius gösterilebilir. Flavius Aethius son namlı ve büyük Roma generalidir.

Magister militum listesi

Belirsiz komutanlar
 383-385/8: Flavius Bauto, magister militum under Valentinian II
 385/8-394: Arbogast, magister militum under Valentinian II and Eugenius
 383-388: Andragathius
 after 383-408: Flavius Stilicho
 422-?: Asterius
 ? - 480: Ovida

Comes et Magister Utriusque Militiae
 411 - 421: Flavius Constantius
 422 - 425: Castinus
 425 - 430: Flavius Constantius Felix
 431 - 432: Bonifacius
 432 - 433: Sebastianus
 433 - 454: Flavius Aetius
 455 - 456: Avitus & Remistus
 456 - 472: Ricimer
 472-473: Gundobad
 475: Ecdicius Avitus
 475-476: Flavius Orestes

per Gallias
 352-355: Claudius Silvanus
 362-364: Flavius Valerius Jovinus, magister equitum under Julian and Jovian
 ? - 419: Flavius Gaudentius
 425-430: Flavius Aetius
 435-439: Litorius
 452-458: Agrippinus
 458-461: Aegidius
 461/462: Agrippinus
 ? - 472: Bilimer

per Hispanias
 441-442: Asterius
 443: Flavius Merobaudes
 446: Vitus

per Illyricum
 ?-350: Vetranio, magister peditum Konstans hükümdarlığında
 361: Flavius Iovinus, magister equitum Julianus hükümdarlığında
 365-375: Aequitius, magister utriusquae militiae I. Valentinianus hükümdarlığında
 395-? I. Alarik
 448/9 Agintheus (Priskos, Atilla'nın sarayına elçi olarak giderken, makamı elinde tuttuğunu bildirmiştir).
 468-474: Julius Nepos
 477-479: Onoulphus
 479-481: Sabinianus Magnus
 528: Ascum
 529-530/1: Mundus (1. kez)
 532-536: Mundus (2. kez)
 c. 538: Justinus
 c. 544: Vitalius
 c. 550: John
 568-569/70: Bonus
 581-582: Theognis

per Orientem
 c. 347: Flavius Eusebius, magister utriusquae militiae
 349-359: Ursicinus, magister equitum II. Constantius hükümdarlığında
 359-360: Sabinianus, magister equitum II. Constantius hükümdarlığında
 363-367: Lupicinus, magister equitum Jovianus ve Valens hükümdarlığında
 371-378: Iulius, magister equitum et Peditum Valens hükümdarlığında
 383: Flavius Richomeres, magister equitum et peditum
 383-388: Ellebichus, magister equitum et peditum
 392: Eutherius, magister equitum et peditum
 393-396: Addaeus, magister equitum et peditum
 395/400: Fravitta
 433-446: Anatolius
 447-451: Zeno
 460s: Flavius Ardabur Aspar
 -469: Flavius Iordanes
 469-471: Zeno
 483-498: Ioannes Scytha
 c. 503-505: Areobindus Dagalaiphus Areobindus
 505-506: Pharesmanes
 ?516-?518: Hypatius
 ?518-529: Diogenianus
 520-525/526: Hypatius
 527: Libelarius
 527-529: Hypatius
 529-531: Belisarius
 531: Mundus
 532-533: Belisarius
 540: Bouzes
 542: Belisarius
 543-544: Martinus
 549-551: Belisarius
 555: Amantius
 556: Valerianus
 569: Zemarchus
 572-573: Marcian
 573: Theodorus
 574: Eusebius
 574/574-577: Justinianus
 577-582: Mauricius
 582-583: İoannis Mistakon
 584-587/588: Filippikos
 588: Priscus
 588-589: Filippikos
 589-591: Comentiolus
 591-603: Narses
 603-604 Germanus
 604-605 Leontius
 605-610 Domentziolus

per Armeniam
Peter, direct predecessor of John Tzibus
İoannis Tzibus (?-541)
Valerian
Dagisthaios (?-550)
Bessas (550-554)
Martinus
Justinus
Yaşlı Herakleios (ca. 595)

per Thracias
 377-378: Flavius Saturninus, magister equitum Valens hükümdarlığında
 377-378: Traianus, magister peditum Valens hükümdarlığında
 378: Sebastianus, magister peditum Valens hükümdarlığında
 380-383: Flavius Saturninus, magister peditum I. Theodosius hükümdarlığında
 392-393: Flavius Stilicho, magister equitum et peditum
 412-414: Constans
 441: Vandal Ioannes, magister utriusque militiae
 468-474: Armatus
 474: Heraclius of Edessa
 511: Hypatius
 512: Cyril
 514: Vitalian
 530-533: Chilbudius
 550-ca. 554: Artabanes
 588: Priscus (1. kez)
 593: Priscus (2. kez)
 593-594: Petros (1. kez)
 594-ca. 598: Priscus (2. kez)
 598-601: Comentiolus
 601-602: Petros (2. kez)

Praesentalis
 351-361: Flavius Arbitio, magister equitum II. Constantius hükümdarlığında
 361-363: Flavius Nevitta, magister equitum Julianus hükümdarlığında
 363-379: Victor, magister equitum Valens hükümdarlığında
 366-378: Flavius Arinthaeus, magister peditum Valens hükümdarlığında
 364-369: Flavius Iovinus, magister equitum I. Valentinianus hükümdarlığında
 364-366: Dagalaifus, magister peditum I. Valentinianus hükümdarlığında
 367-372: Severus, magister peditum I. Valentinianus hükümdarlığında
 369-373: Flavius Theodosius, magister equitum I. Valentinianus hükümdarlığında
 375-388: Merobaudes, magister peditum I. Valentinianus, Gratianus ve Magnus Maximushükümdarlığında
 388-395: Timasius
 394-408: Flavius Stilicho, magister equitum et peditum
 399-400: Gainas
 400: Fravitta
 409: Varanes and Arsacius
 419-: Plinta
 434-449: Areobindus?
 443-451: Apollonius
 450-451: Anatolius
 475-477/478: Armatus
 485-: Longinus
 492-499: John the Hunchback
 518-520: Vitalian
 520-?: Justinianus
 528: Leontius
 528-529: Phocas
 520-538/9: Sittas
 536: Germanus
 536: Maxentianus
 546-548: Artabanes
 548/9-552: Suartuas
 562: Constantinianus (kesin değil)
 582: Germanus (kesin değil)
 585-ca. 586: Comentiolus
 626: Bonus (kesin değil)

per Africam

Batı İmparatorluğu
 373-375: Flavius Theodosius, magister equitum
 386-398: Gildo, magister equitum et peditum

Doğu İmparatorluğu
 534-536: Solomon
 536-539: Germanus
 539-544: Solomon
 544-546: Sergius
 545-546: Areobindus
 546: Artabanes
 546-552: İoannes Troglita
 578-590: Gennadius

Bizans ve Orta Çağ İtalya'sında Magister Militae

Venedik
 8th century: Marcellus
 737: Domenico Leoni, III. Leon hükümdarlığında
 738: Felice Cornicola, III. Leon hükümdarlığında
 739: Theodatus Hypatus, III. Leon hükümdarlığında
 741: Ioannes Fabriacius, III. Leon hükümdarlığında
 764-787: Mauricius Galba

Kaynakça
Özel

Genel

 Works cited
 Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (PLRE), Vols. I-III

Antik Roma'da unvanlar

Bizans askerî unvanları

Magister militum


{| class="infobox vcard" style="font-size:90%; width:21em; text-align:left;"
Židovska općina Rijeka

|-
!
!Osnovano1783.
PredsjednikRanko Špigl
SjedišteRijeka
DržavaHrvatska
|}

Židovska općina Rijeka je vjerska organizacija građana Hrvatske židovskog podrijetla. Sjedište općine je u Rijeci.

Povijest

Židovi se u Rijeku naseljavaju u drugoj polovini 18. st. kada u ovaj grad dolazi nekoliko familija iz Pescare i Splita, te 1783. godine osnivaju židovsku općinu. Židovi Rijeke nikada nisu morali biti u getu i odnos građana prema njima bio je relativno liberalan i tolerantan. Prva sinagoga napravljena je u kući Ventura i koristila se dok nije postala premala za potrebe općine. Krajem 19. st. zakupljena je parcela za groblje na općem groblju Kozala gdje se židovsko groblje nalazi i danas.

Godine 1890. u Rijeci je živjelo 2.000 Židova, pa su odredili odbor za gradnju sinagoge za koju je propisan desetogodišnji dobrovoljni porez za dobrotvorne priloge. Projekat je bio gotov 1902. godine, te se počela graditi Riječka sinagoga. Ista je završena 1903. godine. Vjerski život Židova u Rijeci je bio vrlo aktivan zahvaljujući rabinima, ali su Židovi također imali velik utjecaj na razvoj ovog grada. Bili su industrijalci, trgovci i brodograditelji.

Ortodoksni Židovi tražili su da se odvoje od ostalih, te su 1930. godine zakupili parcelu i sagradili manju sinagogu koje je služila kao škola (ješiva) za učenje, čitanje Tore, te za rasprave na temu Tore.

U periodu od 1941. do 1945 srušena je Riječka sinagoga. Poslije Drugog svjetskog rata u Rijeku se vratilo oko 1.600 Židova. U posljeratnim godinama članovi Židovske općine Rijeka su masovno odlazili u egzil - Izrael, Australija, Kanada i SAD-e. Od 1950-tih, pa sve do današnjih dana broj članova se sve više smanjivao da bi danas ostali na 60 familija.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Židovska općina Rijeka

Rijeka
Židovi u Hrvatskoj

Židovska općina Rijeka


Karen Bliss (* 19. Dezember 1963 in Quakertown) ist eine ehemalige US-amerikanische Radrennfahrerin.

Sportliche Laufbahn
Karen Bliss begann mit dem Radsport 1982 als Mitglied des Penn State University's cycling club. Nach dem Abschluss ihres Studiums im Jahre 1985 wurde sie vom Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs aufgenommen.

Zwischen 1987 und 1996 errang Karen Bliss sieben US-amerikanische Meistertitel, in der Bahnradsportdisziplin Punktefahren sowie im Kriterium  auf der Straße. In diesen Jahren gehörte sie zum US-amerikanischen Nationalteam und startete fünf Mal bei UCI-Straßen-Weltmeisterschaften: bei den UCI-Straßen-Weltmeisterschaften 1997 belegte sie im Straßenrennen Platz sechs. Insgesamt errang sie im Laufe ihrer Karriere 300 Siege auf Straße und Bahn. 1992 gewann sie die Tour of Toona und dreimal die Tour of Somerville (1995, 1997 und 1998).

Ende der 1990er Jahre beendete Bliss ihre aktive Radsport-Laufbahn. Sie wurde geehrt mit einer Aufnahme in die Hall of Fame des Valley Preferred Cycling Centers. 2019 wurde sie in die United States Bicycling Hall of Fame aufgenommen.

Nach der Beendigung ihrer aktiven Radsportkarriere blieb Karen Bliss dem Radsport in verschiedenen Funktionen erhalten und setzte sich für die Gleichberechtigung von Radrennfahrerinnen ein. Sie schrieb auch Artikel für das Bicycling Magazine und sitzt im Vorstand des Unternehmens Advanced Sports International, zu dem die Marke Fuji Bikes und andere Fahrradmarken gehören (Stand 2020).

Weblinks

  (defekt)

Einzelnachweise

Radsportler (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-amerikanischer Meister (Radsport)
Bahnradfahrer
Mitglied der US Bicycling Hall of Fame
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1963
Frau

Karen Bliss


සුනිල් ටී චිත්‍රපට යනු චිත්‍රපට නිෂ්පාදන සමාගමකි. මෙහි ප්‍රධානියා සුනිල් ටී ප්‍රනාන්දු වන අතර මෙමගින් චිත්‍රපට නිෂ්පාදනය හා උපකරණ සැපයුම, ඩී.වී.ඩී. තැටි බෙදාහැරීම කරනු ලබයි.

නිෂ්පානයන්

සුනිල් ටී ෆිල්ම්ස්


Oskar Deutsch (* 25. April 1963 in Wien) ist ein österreichischer Unternehmer und seit 2012 Präsident der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Wien sowie des Bundesverbandes der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden Österreichs.

Leben
Deutsch besuchte die American International School in Wien und studierte an der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien. Nachdem er in verschiedenen Positionen in der in Familienbesitz befindlichen Kaffeehandelsgesellschaft Alvorada in Vösendorf gearbeitet hatte, war er zuletzt Geschäftsführer.

Seit 1993 ist Deutsch Mitglied des Kultusrats der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Wien. 1997 war er gemeinsam mit Ariel Muzicant Mitbegründer der Wahlliste Atid ("Jüdische Zukunft"). 1999 wurde er Vizepräsident der Kultusgemeinde. Daneben ist er  Vorsitzender des Sportclubs Maccabi Wien und war 2011 Leiter des Organisationskomitees der 13. Europäischen Makkabiade in Wien.

Nachdem Oskar Deutsch am 21. Februar 2012 als Nachfolger des zurückgetretenen Ariel Muzicant zum Präsidenten der IKG gewählt worden war, erfolgte die Bestätigung am 29. November 2012 durch den neu gewählten Kultusvorstand der IKG. Überschattet wurde die Wahl Deutschs vom Hausverbot gegen Ronald Lauder vom World Jewish Congress, nachdem dieser angeblich den Gegnern Deutschs mit einer Geldspritze an die Macht verhelfen wollte. Am 13. Jänner 2013 wurde nach einer Aussöhnung zwischen Lauder und Deutsch das Hausverbot aufgehoben.

Deutsch ist in seiner Präsidentschaft die Öffnung der Gemeinde hin zur nichtjüdischen Mehrheitsgesellschaft ein Anliegen. Er setzt sich gegenüber der Politik zudem für den Kampf gegen Antisemitismus und die Absicherung jüdischen Lebens in Wien ein. Seit 2020 beschäftigt die Gemeindeführung die andauernde Coronakrise. IKG-Präsident Deutsch und der Kultusvorstand bemühen sich hier einerseits durch die Einrichtung von unbürokratischen Hilfsfonds um die finanzielle Unterstützung von Gemeindemitgliedern, die durch die Lockdowns in existenzielle Probleme gekommen waren, andererseits um rasche Impfmöglichkeiten vor allem für ältere und vulnerable Gemeindemitglieder.

Darüber hinaus ist die IKG seit Beginn des Krieges in der Ukraine sehr aktiv in der Hilfe für jüdische Geflüchtete.

Am 11. Jänner 2023 wurde Oskar Deutsch mit 95,7 Prozent erneut zum Präsidenten der IKG gewählt.

Stellungnahme zu antisemitischen Protesten in Wien 2023

Nach dem Terrorangriff der Hamas auf Israel 2023 kam es auch in Wien zu Demonstrationen mit antisemitischen Parolen. Deutsch, forderte, dass Demonstrationen, bei denen die Auslöschung Israels gefordert wird, untersagt werden. Juden und Jüdinnen in Österreich seien angesichts des wachsenden Antisemitismus sehr besorgt, "aber wir werden uns nicht einschüchtern lassen", betonte er in der ORF-"Pressestunde" im Oktober 2023. Manche hätten auch Angst, weil "ein bisschen" versucht werde, den Krieg nach Europa und die ganze Welt zu bringen, berichtete der IKG-Präsident. Aber das jüdische Leben funktioniere mittlerweile auch dank der erhöhten Sicherheitsvorkehrungen wieder relativ normal, sagte Deutsch. Angesichts des derzeit lautesten Antisemitismus von muslimischer Seite mahnte Deutsch, den traditionellen rechten Antisemitismus in Österreich nicht zu vergessen. Scharfe Kritik übte er auch an der Grazer KPÖ. Deren Forderung nach Verhältnismäßigkeit könne Israel nur nachkommen, wenn es sein Raketenabwehrsystem "Iron Dome" abschalten würde, damit es in Israel durch den Raketenbeschuss der Hamas genau so viele Opfer gebe wie in Gaza. Das beste Mittel gegen Antisemitismus sei jüdisches Leben und dessen Förderung. Die Bemühungen der Regierung im Kampf gegen den Antisemitismus begrüßte der IKG-Chef. Schärfere Strafen für antisemitische Vorfälle wie das Herunterreißen der israelischen Fahne würde er durchaus begrüßen.

Werke
 Die Zukunft Europas und das Judentum: Impulse zu einem gesellschaftlichen Diskurs (Hrsg.) Böhlau Verlag, Wien 2017, ISBN 9783205205319

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Person des Judentums (Wien)
Unternehmer (Österreich)
Österreicher
Geboren 1963
Mann

Oskar Deutsch


Pe timpul Primului Război Mondial brigăzile erau mari unități formate de regulă din două regimente, din aceeași armă sau din arme diferite. Conform prevederilor legale ale epocii, aceste mari unități trebuiau comandate de generali de brigadă sau colonei.

Brigăzi de infanterie

Unități existente pe toată perioada războiului

Infanterie

Grăniceri

Unități existente doar în anul 1916

Unități existente doar în anul 1918

Brigăzi de grăniceri

Brigăzi de cavalerie

Brigăzi de artilerie

Note

Bibliografie
 Dabija, Gheorghe(general), Armata română în răsboiul mondial (1916-1918), vol.I-IV, Tipografia "Lupta" N. Stroilă, București, 1932-1936
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 Ioanițiu Alexandru (Lt.-Colonel), Războiul României: 1916-1918,vol 1, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
  ***, România în războiul mondial 1916-1919, Volumul I-IV, Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, București, 1934-1946
 ***, Marele Cartier General al Armatei României. Documente 1916 – 1920, Editura Machiavelli, București, 1996
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român, vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989
 ***, România în anii primului Război Mondial, Editura Militară, București, 1987
 ***, România în primul război mondial, Editura Militară, 1979

Vezi și
Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial
Comandanți de mari unități din Armata României
Ordinea de bătaie a Armatei României (1916)
Ordinea de bătaie a Armatei României (1917)
Ordinea de bătaie a Armatei României (1918)

Generali români din Primul Război Mondial
Unități militare române din Primul Război Mondial

Comandanți de brigăzi din Armata României (1916-1918)


Michael Schmitt (* 29. August 1960) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Vom VT Frankenthal kam der Rechtsverteidiger Michael Schmitt zum 1. FC Kaiserslautern, wo er für die Amateurmannschaft in der Oberliga Südwest aktiv war. In der Saison 1979/80 erreichte man einen Erfolg mit dem Einzug in die 2. Runde des DFB-Pokals. Nachdem man den SV Meppen mit 3:1 Toren besiegt hatte, unterlag man dem Bonner SC mit 2:3 nach Verlängerung. Schmitt war allerdings nur im ersten Spiel aufgestellt. Als sich die Mannschaft 1981 erneut für den DFB-Pokal qualifizierte, kam Schmitt zu seinen nächsten DFB-Pokal-Einsätzen. Erneut wurde die zweite Runde erreicht (4:1 in Runde 1 gegen den FC Homburg), in der man sich aber wieder geschlagen geben musste – diesmal mit 1:3 gegen den SC Urania Hamburg. 1982 stieg Michael Schmitt mit den Amateuren des FCK in die Verbandsliga ab.

1982/83 spielte er für Südwest Ludwigshafen und von 1983 bis 1985 für Hassia Bingen, die beide in der Oberliga Südwest antraten. 1985 schloss er sich dem Ligakonkurrenten 1. FSV Mainz 05 an, mit dem er 1986 den Gewinn des Südwestpokals feiern konnte. 1988 stieg er mit den Mainzern in die 2. Bundesliga auf und kam dort zu 23 Einsätzen, ehe man nach einer Saison wieder abstieg. Danach war er nicht mehr für die erste Mannschaft der "Nullfünfer" aktiv, obgleich er zur Saison 1989/90 noch im Kader verzeichnet war.

Schmitt war später in der Traditionsmannschaft des 1. FSV Mainz 05 aktiv.

Statistik

Nationalmannschaft
Vom 18.  bis 23. Juli 1977 nahm Schmitt mit der B-Jugendnationalmannschaft an einem Turnier in Norwegen (3. Nordlandturnier) teil. Die DFB-Auswahl gewann nach 3 Siegen  gegen Island (4:2), Norwegen (5:0) und Schweden (6:2) das Turnier. Schmitt war in allen 3 Spielen in der Startelf und erzielte gegen Island das 1:0. Mitspieler unter Trainer Karl-Heinz Heddergott waren u. a. Eike Immel, Roland Dickgießer, Theo Schneider, Ralf Augustin und Stephan Engels.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher
Geboren 1960
Mann
Fußballspieler (1. FC Kaiserslautern)
Fußballspieler (Südwest Ludwigshafen)
Fußballspieler (Hassia Bingen)
Fußballspieler (1. FSV Mainz 05)

Michael Schmitt (Fußballspieler)