Ferdi Tayfur (d. 15 Kasım 1945, Adana), Türk şarkıcı, besteci, söz yazarı, sinema yönetmeni ve oyuncusu.

Toplamda dokuz defa Altın Plak Ödülü kazanan sanatçı sinema filmlerinde de yer alan kendi yazdığı şarkılarla ünlenmiştir. 30'dan fazla albüm ve 30'un üzerinde film yapan 1982 yılında ise kendi adına Ferdifon Plakçılık şirketini kuran sanatçı 2009 yılında da inşaat sektörüne girdi.

Hayatı
Ferdi Tayfur, 15 Kasım 1945 tarihinde doğmuştur. Adana'nın Yüreğir ilçesine bağlı Taşçı köyünde doğan sanatçıya adını dublaj sanatçısı Ferdi Tayfurun hayranı babası Cumali Bey koymuş, oğlunun eğitimine düşkün olan Cumali Bey'in pavyon çıkışı öldürülmesi ile eğitim hayatı sona eren sanatçı yoksul ve trajik bir hayat yaşadığını, babasının ölümünden sonra annesinin evlendiğini, kendisinin de okumak istediğini ancak imkanlar yüzünden bunu gerçekleştiremediğini söylemiştir. Henüz çocukluk yıllarında üvey babasının bulduğu şekerci dükkanında çıraklık yapan sanatçı okumayı iş hayatında öğrendiğini söylemiştir. Daha sonraları çiftlikte çalışarak ailesinin geçimine katkıda bulunan Tayfur aynı yıllarda düğünlerde şarkı söylerken yerel gazetede Adana Radyosu'nun müzik yarışması ilanını görür ve yarışmaya katılır. Ancak birinciliği kazanamaz ve ikinci olur, üvey babasının engellemelerine karşı İstanbul'a gelip Lunapark Gazinosu'nda iş bulur ve Nurten İnnap'a bağlama çalmaya başlar. Daha sonra Leyla / Aşkınla Beni Öldürdün adlı ilk plağını doldurur ve bu plağından 500 lira kazanır.

Ferdi Tayfur 1968 yılında Seda Plak ile iki plaklık anlaşma yapar ancak beklenen ilgiyi görmez. Akabinde yeniden Adana'ya döner ve çiftlikteki işlerin başına geçer, diğer yandan müzik çalışmalarına devam eder ve üç yıl aranın ardından yaptığı Huzurum Kalmadı adlı plağı yayınlanır. 1973 yılında ise Görsev Plak adına yaptığı Dur Dinle Sevgilim / Kır Çiçekleri adlı 45'lik ile çıkış yakalar. Yine 1974 yılında yaptığı Yüreğimde Yara Var / Bana Gerçekleri Söyle adlı 45'lik ile adını duyurur. 1975 yılında Elenor Plak'a transfer olur. Önce Bırak Şu Gurbeti, ardından Çeşme adlı şarkısı ile adını duyurur.

Müzik kariyeri
Besteler yaparak müzik kariyerinde ilerlediği yıllarda nikahlı olduğu Zeliha Hanım ile mütevazı bir törenle 1974 yılında evlenen Tayfur'un ilk plağı iyi satış yapmış ama ancak maddi sıkıntıları nedeniyle Elenor Plak'ın sahibi Atilla Alpsakarya'nın girişimiyle sanatçının bestelediği iki şarkı Gülden Karaböcek'e satılmış akabinde plakları art arda yayınlanan sanatçı asıl çıkışını "Çeşme" şarkısı ile yakalamış, 1976 yılında aynı isimle Necla Nazır ile başrolünde oynadığı ilk sinema filmi vizyona girmiştir. Filmi 12 milyon kişi izlemiştir.

1992 yılında çıkardığı Prangalar albümü 5 milyon rakamıyla Türkiye'nin en çok satan albümlerinden olup, Ferdi Tayfur'un en çok satan albümüdür.

Kasetlerin yanında konserler de verdi. 1993 yılında Gülhane Parkı'nda verdiği konsere 200.000 kişi katılarak rekor kırmıştır.

Özel hayatı
Sanatçının 16-17 yaşlarındayken birliktelik yaşadığı bir kadından Timur adında bir oğlu vardır. Sonrasında resmi nikâhlı ilk ve tek eşi olan Zeliha Hanım'dan iki kızı (Tuğba ve Funda) olmuştur.

Yaklaşık 30 yıldır birlikte yaşadığı 2007 yılında ayrıldığı sinema oyuncusu Necla Nazır'dan ses sanatçısı Tuğçe Tayfur adında bir kızı bulunuyor. Necla Nazır ile birlikteyken ilişki yaşadığı Habibe Ümyani Demir'den sanatçının Ferdi Taha adında bir çocuğu vardır.

Sanatçı 2010 yılında, uzun yıllar sonra resmi nikâhı hâlâ devam eden ilk eşi Zeliha Turanbayburt ile beraber yaşamaya başlamıştır. Yaşantısını uzun süredir Marmaris'te sürdürmektedir.

Diskografi

45'likler
Tayfur Seda Plak'tan 6, Gen Plak'tan 1, Kader Plak'tan 2, Görsev Plak'tan 5, Elele Plak'tan 1, Elenor Plak'tan 9 olmak üzere hayatı boyunca toplam 24 adet 45'lik plak çıkarmıştır.

Ödüller
 1975: 1. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Bırak Şu Gurbeti - Sevdalılar Beni Anlar)
 1975: 2. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Çeşme - Muhtaç Etme Beni Plağıyla)
 1975: 3. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Yağmur Gözyaşım - Alıştım Plağıyla)
 1975: 4. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Yadeller - Ağlamazsam Uyuyamam Plağıyla)
 1976: 5. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Derbeder - Vazgeç Felek Plağıyla)
 1976: 6. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Benim Gibi Sevenler - Söz Geçmiyor Gönlüme Plağıyla)
 1978: 7. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Merak Etme Sen - Söz Veriyorum Plağıyla)
 1979: 8. Altın Plak Ödülü Elenor Plak. (Hapishane Görüş Günü - Gönül Oyunu Plağıyla)
 1980: 9. Altın Plak Ödülü (İnsan Sevince Long Plağıyla - İnsan Sevince, aynı zamanda Sovyetler Birliği'nde bugünkü Rusya'da basılan ilk Türk Sanatçısı albümüdür.)
 1992: MÜYAP 1991 Yılı Arabesk Dalında En çok Albüm Satan Sanatçı Ödülü
 1993: Gülhane Konserleri Ödülü (Bir Alana En Çok Seyirci Toplaması nedeniyle (Yaklaşık 200.000 Kişi) Dönemin İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Tarafından Verilmiştir.)
 1994: En İyi Arabesk Erkek (Fadime'nin Düğünü)
 1995: Doğa Savaşçıları Çevre Örgütü Tarafından Verilen Çevre Ödülü
 1995: IFA İstanbul FM Altın Ödülü
 1994: 1. Kral Tv Türkiye Video Müzik Ödülleri En iyi Arabesk Fantezi Müzik sanatçısı ödülü (Fadime'nin Düğünü Şarkısıyla)
 1995: 2. Kral Tv Türkiye Video Müzik Ödülleri En İyi Arabesk Fantezi Müzik Sanatçısı ödülü (Yağmur Çamur Şarkısıyla)
 1999: 6. Kral Tv Türkiye Video Müzik Ödülleri En iyi Arabesk Fantezi Müzik sanatçısı ödülü (Bağbozumu Şarkısıyla)
 1999: Magazin Gazetecileri Derneği Onur Ödülü
 2001: Magazin Gazetecileri Derneği Yılın En İyi Arabesk Sanatçısı Ödülü
 2004: Meltem TV Yılın Sanatçısı Ödülü
 2004: Bitlis Valisi M. Asım Hacımustafaoğlu ile Bitlis Belediye Başkanı Cevdet Özdemir tarafından verilen şükran plaketi
 2005: İhlas Marmara Koleji Yılın En İyi Müzik sanatçısı Ödülü
 2005: Magazin Gazetecileri Derneği Yılın En İyi Arabesk Sanatçısı Ödülü
 2007: Siyaset Dergisi Sanat Onur Ödülü
 2008: 14. Kral Tv Türkiye Video Müzik Ödülleri En İyi TSM Sanatçısı Ödülü (Kalbimin Sahibi Sensin Şarkısıyla)
 2008: Aydoğdu Üzerimize İlahisiyle MÇF 2008 Sosyal Sorumluluk Ödülü
 2009: Siyaset Dergisi Yaşam Boyu Sanat Onur Ödülü
 2009: Radyo 15 Sanat Onur Ödülü
 2011: Siyaset Dergisi Yılın Onur Ödülü
 2013: 19. Kral Tv 1. Türkiye Müzik Ödülleri Yaşam Boyu Onur Ödülü
 2014: Akdeniz TV Yaşam Boyu Başarı ve Onur Ödülü
 2014: 21. Adana Altın Koza Ödülü
 2015: 15. Yıl İnternet Medyası Yılın En İyileri Ödülleri Yaşam Boyu Meslek Onur Ödülü

Filmografisi

Filmler

Televizyon programları

Oyunculuk yaptığı televizyon reklamları
 Mobil Reklamı (1993)
 Filli Boya Reklamı (2000)
 Namlı Zeytin

Kitapları
 2003: Şekerci Çırağı (roman)
 2008: Yağmur Durunca (roman)
 2013: Bir Zamanlar Ağaçtım (roman)
 2014: Paraşütteki Çocuk (roman)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Resmî site (ferdifon.com.tr, arşivlenmiş)
 Resmî site (ferdibaba.com, arşivlenmiş)

Yaşayan insanlar

1945 doğumlular
Adana doğumlu şarkıcılar
Türk arabesk şarkıcıları
20. yüzyılda Türk erkek şarkıcılar
21. yüzyılda Türk erkek şarkıcılar
Türk müzik yapımcıları
Türk senaristler
Türk bağlamacılar
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
Türk film yönetmenleri
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Kral TV Video Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
1960'ların şarkıcıları
1970'lerin şarkıcıları
1980'lerin şarkıcıları
1990'ların şarkıcıları
2000'lerin şarkıcıları
2010'ların şarkıcıları
2020'lerin şarkıcıları
Uzelli Müzik sanatçıları
Elenor Müzik sanatçıları
Türk erkek şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
Adana Altın Koza Film Festivali ödülleri
MÜYAP'tan altın sertifika alan albümler

Ferdi Tayfur


Mustafa Uğur (d. 10 Ekim 1975, Gaziantep), Türk türkücü ve eski futbolcu. 16 yaşındayken Gaziantepspor forması giyen Uğur, sonraları futbolculuğu bıraktı ve türkücü oldu. "Ölmem mi?" türküsü ile çıkış yaptı.

Diskografi
 1995 - Ölmem mi
 1996 - Kendim Ağlarım
 1998 - Cinayet Var
 1999 - Derin Sevda
 2001 - Uğurum
 2004 - Benden Selam Olsun
  2005 - İstemediler...
 2007 - Gece Masalı
 2011 - Bir Tek Canım

Dış bağlantılar

1975 doğumlular
Klip Müzik sanatçıları
1990'ların şarkıcıları
2000'lerin şarkıcıları
2010'ların şarkıcıları
2020'lerin şarkıcıları
20. yüzyılda Türk erkek şarkıcılar
21. yüzyılda Türk erkek şarkıcılar

Mustafa Uğur (müzisyen)


The Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA), is in charge of environmental protection and of the study, planning, and management of the Nicaragua's natural resources. It was formerly known as the Nicaraguan Institute of Natural Resources and the Environment (IRENA). The ministry was created in 1979 by the Government of Nicaragua .

Origins
In 1976, a group of Nicaraguan environmentalists proposed that the government create a Ministry of Natural Resources. The president at the time, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, rejected the idea and threatened the group with harsh reprisals if they met again. Some took to the forests and mountains to join the Sandinista guerrillas who were fomenting revolution against the Somoza government. Less than a week after the Somoza regime was overthrown and Sandinista government became known as MARENA. By the mid-1980s, MARENA received aid and advice from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Soviet Union, France, the Netherlands, Cuba, Mexico, the Organization of American States, the United Nations Environment Programme, and individual United States citizens.

Overview
MARENA initiates and manages programs in reforestation, watershed management, pollution control, wildlife conservation, national parks, and the conservation of genetic diversity.

In 1981, MARENA found that half of water sources they sampled were seriously polluted by sewage and that 70,000 pounds of raw sewage was released into Lake Managua each day. Scores of industrial plants located on the lake's shore had freely dumped there for over a decade. The worst polluter was Pennwalt Corporation. MARENA could not afford, however, to build a sewage treatment plant because of the financial costs involved. Recently a treatment plant has been completed and the sewer network is being constructed.

In 1982, MARENA established seasonal hunting bans for 26 endangered species of mammals and 4 species of reptiles. This was in response to Nicaragua being a world leader in the export of rare and endangered species such as White-lipped peccaries, White-tailed deer, hawksbill turtles, freshwater otters, jaguars, ocelots, and margays. Educational campaigns were initiated by MARENA, along with marketplace and roadside inspections. By 1985, however, many of these bans were lifted because of the growing economic crisis in the country.

In 1983, MARENA targeted nearly one-fifth of Nicaragua's territory for national parks. This project was never realized, however, because the Contras had militarized much of the wilderness.

To address deforestation, MARENA directed major tree planting projects. Two million trees were grown annually in nurseries until 1986, when civil war and economic difficulties slowed the program. The reforestation projects became targets for the Contras, who sabotaged projects, and kidnapped and murdered over 50 MARENA employees.

See also
 Protected areas of Nicaragua
 Wildlife of Nicaragua
 National System of Protected Areas (Nicaragua)

References

External links
 MARENA - government website

History of Nicaragua
Nature conservation in Nicaragua
Forestry in Nicaragua
Deforestation
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Environment of Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Environment
Nicaragua

Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Nicaragua)


52294 Detlef este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
52294 Detlef este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Freimut Börngen și Lutz Dieter Schmadel. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,43 ua, o excentricitate de 0,18 și o înclinație de 1,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 52001-53000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1990
Centura de asteroizi

52294 Detlef


The black-necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus) is a tall long-necked wading bird in the stork family. It is a resident species across the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia with a disjunct population in Australia. It lives in wetland habitats and near fields of certain crops such as rice and wheat where it forages for a wide range of animal prey. Adult birds of both sexes have a heavy bill and are patterned in white and irridescent blacks, but the sexes differ in the colour of the iris with females sporting yellow irises and males having dark-coloured irises. In Australia, it is sometimes called a jabiru although that name refers to a stork species found in the Americas. It is one of the few storks that are strongly territorial when feeding and breeding.

Taxonomy and systematics

First described by John Latham as Mycteria asiatica, this species was later placed in the genus Xenorhynchus based on morphology. Based on behavioural similarities, Kahl suggested the placement of the species in the genus Ephippiorhynchus, which then included a single species, the saddle-billed stork. This placement of both the black-necked stork and saddle-billed stork in the same genus was later supported by osteological and behavioural data, and DNA-DNA hybridisation and cytochrome–b data. The genera Xenorhynchus and Ephippiorhynchus were both erected at the same time, and as first revisor, Kahl selected the latter as the valid genus for the two species. This and the saddle-billed stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis are the only stork species that show marked sexual dimorphism in iris colour.

Two subspecies are recognized E. a. asiaticus of the Oriental region and E. a. australis of south New Guinea and Australia. Charles Lucien Bonaparte erected the genus Xenorhynchus in 1855 and placed two species in it, X. indica and X. australis. This treatment was carried on into later works. James Lee Peters in his 1931 work treated them as subspecies. In 1989, McAllan and Bruce again suggested the elevation of the two subspecies into two species: E. asiaticus or the green-necked stork of the Oriental region, and E. australis or the black-necked stork of the Australian and New Guinean region. This recommendation was based on the disjunct distributions and differences in the iridescent colouration of the neck which the authors suggested might reflect different behavioural displays. This recommendation has not been followed and a subsequent study did not find consistent differences in the colours. Analysis of the cytochrome b mitochondrial sequences however showed significant genetic divergence. The genetic distance of a stork presumed to be Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus from a confirmed individual of E. a. australis was 2.1%, much greater than the genetic distances between individual storks of the same species. The conservative treatment as two subspecies has been followed in the Australian faunal list by Christidis and Boles.

Description

The black-necked stork is a large bird,  tall having a  wingspan. The only published weight for this species was a single specimen at , but this is nearly 35% less than the mean body mass of the closely related and similar sized saddle-billed stork. Therefore, this specimen of black-necked stork could have been at the low end of sizes attainable or perhaps somewhat malnourished. The plumage patterns are conspicuous with younger birds differing from adults. Adults have a glossy bluish-black iridescent head, neck, secondary flight feathers and tail; a coppery-brown crown; a bright white back and belly; bill black with a slightly concave upper edge; and bright red legs. The sexes are identical but the adult female has a yellow iris while the adult male has it brown. Juveniles younger than six months have a brownish iris; a distinctly smaller and straighter beak; a fluffy appearance; brown head, neck, upper back, wings and tail; a white belly; and dark legs. Juveniles older than six months have a mottled appearance especially on the head and neck where the iridescence is partly developed; dark-brown outer primaries; white inner primaries that forms a shoulder patch when the wings are closed; a heavy beak identical in size to adults but still straighter; and dark to pale-pink legs. Like most storks, the black-necked stork flies with the neck outstretched, not retracted like a heron. In flight it appears spindly and a black bar running through the white wings (the somewhat similar looking migratory black stork has an all black wing) with black neck and tail make it distinctive.

Distribution and habitat

In India, the species is widespread in the west, central highlands, and northern Gangetic plains extending east into the Assam valley, but rare in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. This distinctive stork is an occasional straggler in southern and eastern Pakistan, and is a confirmed breeding species in central lowland Nepal. It extends into Southeast Asia, through New Guinea and into the northern half of Australia. Compared to other large waterbirds like cranes, spoonbills and other species of storks, black-necked storks are least abundant in locations that have a high diversity of large waterbird species.

The largest population of this species occurs in Australia, where it is found from the Ashburton River, near Onslow, Western Australia, across northern Australia to north-east New South Wales. It extends inland in the Kimberley area to south of Halls Creek; in the Northern Territory to Hooker Creek and Daly Waters; and in Queensland inland to the Boulia area and the New South Wales border, with some records as far south as the north-west plains of New South Wales, along the coast of Sydney and formerly bred near the Shoalhaven River. It is rare along the south-east extremity of its range, but common throughout the north. An estimated 1800 occur in the Alligator Rivers region of the Northern Territory, with overall numbers during surveys being low in all seasons. A combination of aerial surveys and ground counts in the middle Fly River floodplain, Papua New Guinea estimated 317 (December 1994) and 249 (April 1995) storks.

The largest known breeding population occurs in the largely agricultural landscape of south-western Uttar Pradesh in India. Densities of about 0.099 birds per square kilometre have been estimated in this region made up of a mosaic of cultivated fields and wetlands. About six pairs were found to use the 29 square kilometres of the Keoladeo National Park. One breeding pair has been observed in Bhagalpur district, western Bihar.

In Sri Lanka, the species is a rare breeding resident, with 4–8 breeding pairs in Ruhuna National Park. It is exceedingly rare, and possibly no longer breeding in Bangladesh and Thailand.

Black-necked storks forage in a variety of natural and artificial wetland habitats. They frequently use freshwater, natural wetland habitats such as lakes, ponds, marshes, flooded grasslands, oxbow lakes, swamps, rivers and water meadows. Freshwater, artificial wetland habitats used by these storks include flooded fallow and paddy fields, wet wheat fields, irrigation storage ponds and canals, sewage ponds, and dry floodplains. Small numbers are also seen in Indian coastal wetland habitats, including in mangrove creeks and marshes. In cultivated areas, they prefer natural wetlands to forage in, though flooded rice paddies are preferentially used during the monsoon, likely due to excessive flooding of lakes and ponds. Nests are usually on trees located in secluded parts of large marshes or in cultivated fields as in India and lowland Nepal.

Behaviour and ecology
This large stork has a dance-like display. A pair stalk up to each other face to face, extending their wings and fluttering the wing tips rapidly and advancing their heads until they meet. They then clatter their bills and walk away. The display lasts for a minute and may be repeated several times.

Nest building in India commences during the peak of the monsoon with most of the nests initiated during September – November, with few new nests built afterwards until January. They nest on large trees, sometimes isolated in large marshes, or in agricultural landscapes, on which they build a platform. On agricultural landscapes, human disturbance can cause nesting adults to abandon nests in some locations, but storks in other locations nest successfully. The nest is large, as much as 3 to 6 feet across and made up of sticks, branches and lined with rushes, water-plants and sometimes with a mud plaster on the edges. Nests may be reused year after year. The usual clutch is four eggs which are dull white in colour and broad oval in shape, but varies from one to five eggs. The exact incubation period is not known but is suspected to be about 30 days. The chicks hatch with white down which is replaced by a darker grey down on the neck within a week. The scapular feathers emerge first followed by the primaries. Fledged young birds make a chack sound followed by a repeated wee-wee-wee call that has a ventriloquistic quality. Adult birds take turns at the nest and when one returns to relieve the other, they perform a greeting display with open wings and an up and down movement of the head. Food is brought for the young chicks by the adults and regurgitated onto the nest platform. Adults stop feeding the young at the nest and begin to show aggression towards the chicks after they are about 3 or 4 months old. The young birds may stay on nearby for about a year but disperse soon. Typically one to three chicks fledge from successful nests, but up to five chicks fledge in years with high rainfall. The number of stork pairs that succeed in raising chicks, and the average size of fledged broods, are strongly related to monsoonal and post-monsoon rainfall, improving in years with more rainfall.

At the nest trees, which are typically tall with large boles and a wide-canopy, the birds in Bharatpur competed with Indian white-backed vultures sometimes failing to nest due to the vultures. While many wetland birds are flushed by birds of prey, these storks are not usually intimidated and can be quite aggressive to other large water-birds such as herons and cranes. Adults aggressively defend small depressions of deep water against egrets and herons (at Malabanjbanjdju in Kakadu National Park, Australia), and drying wetland patches against waterbirds such as spoonbills and woolly-necked storks (at Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India).

The black-necked stork is a carnivore and its diet includes water-birds such as coots, darters, little grebes, northern shoveller, pheasant-tailed jacana, and a range of aquatic vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates such as crabs and molluscs. They also prey on the eggs and hatchlings of turtles. In the Chambal River valley they were observed to locate nests of Kachuga dhongoka buried under sand (presumably by moistness of the freshly covered nest) and prey on the eggs of the turtle. In Australia, they also forage at night feeding on emerging nestlings of marine turtles. Stomach content analyses of nine storks in Australia showed their diet to contain crabs, molluscs, insects (grasshoppers and beetles), amphibians, reptiles and birds. The storks had also consumed a small piece of plastic, pebbles, cattle dung, and plant material. In well-protected wetlands, both in Australia and India, black-necked storks feed almost exclusively on fish but in the agriculture-dominated landscape of Uttar Pradesh in India they feed on a wider range of prey including fish, frogs and molluscs; storks obtained fish in wetlands, frogs from roadside ditches and molluscs from irrigation canals. Although predominantly diurnal, they may forage at night, and have been known to forage on moonlit nights on sea turtle hatchlings on Australian beaches.

They sometimes soar in the heat of the day or rest on their hocks. When disturbed, they may stretch out their necks. Their drinking behaviour involves bending down with open bill and scooping up water with a forward motion followed by raising the bill to swallow water. They sometimes carry water in their bill to chicks at the nest or even during nest building or egg stages.

Like other storks, they are quite mute except at nest where they make bill-clattering sounds. The sounds produced are of a low-pitch and resonant and ends with a short sigh. Juveniles fledged from the nests can occasionally call using a mildly-warbling, high-pitched series of whistles, accompanied with open, quivering wings. These calls and behaviour are directed at adult birds and are a display to solicit food, particularly in drought years when younger birds are apparently unable to find food on their own easily.

Black-necked storks are largely non-social and are usually seen as single birds, pairs and family groups. Flocks of up to 15 storks have been observed in Australia and India, and these possibly form due to local habitat conditions such as drying out of wetlands.

The black-necked stork is the type-host for a species of ectoparasitic Ischnoceran bird louse, Ardeicola asiaticus and a species of endoparasitic trematode Dissurus xenorhynchi.

Status and conservation
The black-necked stork is widely scattered and nowhere found in high densities, making it difficult for populations to be reliably estimated. The Sri Lankan population has been estimated to be about 50 birds while the species has become very rare in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. They may be extinct in the Sundaic region. The combined South and South-east Asian population is placed at less than 1000 birds. A 2011 study found the population in south-western Uttar Pradesh to be stable, although population growth rates may decline with an increase in the number of dry years or land use changes that permanently remove the number of breeding pairs. The Australian population has been suggested to have about 20,000 birds, but the lack of systematic estimates has meant a wide variation in the guesses ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 birds. They are threatened by habitat destruction, the draining of shallow wetlands, disturbance at nests, overfishing, pollution, collision with electricity wires and hunting. However, healthy breeding populations are found in unprotected and intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes (especially in south Asia) and cattle raising areas (as in north-east Australia). Suggestions abound in literature regarding Black-necked Storks requiring undisturbed wetlands, but these appear valid only in areas where hunting of wildlife is common (like in some countries in south-east Asia). Few breeding populations with high breeding success are known primarily due to lack of field work. It is evaluated as near threatened on the IUCN Red List.

In culture

The Mir Shikars, traditional bird hunters of Bihar, India had a ritual practice that required a young man to capture a black-necked stork "Loha Sarang" alive before he could marry. A procession would locate a bird and the bridegroom-to-be would try to catch the bird with a limed stick. The cornered bird was a ferocious adversary. The ritual was stopped in the 1920s after a young man was killed in the process. Young birds have been known to be taken from the nest for meat in Assam.

In Australia, an aboriginal creation myth describes the origin of the bill of the "jabiru" from a spear that went through the head of a bird. The Binbinga people often consider the meat of the bird as taboo and eating its meat would cause an unborn child to cause the death of its mother. The jabiru is known as "karinji" and is the totem of a group known as the Karinji people.

The difference in iris colour among the sexes was noted in 1865 by A D Bartlett, the superintendent in charge of the collection at the Zoological Society of London. The similarity in this aspect with the African saddle-billed stork was noted by Bartlett and commented on by J. H. Gurney. Charles Darwin who corresponded with Bartlett was well aware of this and used it as one of the examples of sexual dimorphism among birds. John Gould in his handbook to the birds of Australia noted that the meat of the bird "... has a fishy flavour, too over-powerful to admit of its being eaten by any one but a hungry explorer."

References

Other sources
 Maheswaran, G. and Rahmani, A. R. (2002) Foraging behaviour and feeding success of the black-necked stork (Ephippiorhychus asiaticus) in Dudwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India. J. Zool. 258: 189–195.
 Maheswaran, G. (1998) Ecology and behaviour of Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Latham, 1790) in Dudwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh. PhD thesis, Centre of Wildlife and Ornithology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
 Farah Ishtiaq, Sálim Javed, Malcolm C. Coulter, Asad R. Rahmani 2010 Resource Partitioning in Three Sympatric Species of Storks in Keoladeo National Park, India. Waterbirds 33(1):41–49

External links

 Birds in my backyard, Australia
 New South Wales, Australia
 Images and videos
 3D specimen
 BirdLife Species Factsheet

black-necked stork
Birds of Australia
Birds of New Guinea
Birds of India
Birds of Southeast Asia
black-necked stork
Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)

Black-necked stork


Alonso de Briceño, OFM de Alonso de Brizeño (1587 – 16 de novembro de 1668) foi um prelado católico romano que serviu como Bispo de Caracas (Santiago da Venezuela) (1653–1668) e Bispo da Nicarágua (1644–1653).

Sucessão episcopal
Enquanto bispo, foi o consagrador principal de:

 Payo Afán Enríquez de Ribera Manrique de Lara, Bispo de Santiago de Guatemala (1658) e
 Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes, Bispo do Panamá (1659).

Ligações externas
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)

Mortos em 1668
Nascidos em 1597
Bispos católicos
Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Paulo III
Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Júlio III

Alonso de Briceño


قرار مجلس الأمن الدولي رقم 627 لعام 1989 بتاريخ 9 يناير بعد وفاة رئيس محكمة العدل الدولية نغرادا سينغ في 11 ديسمبر 1988، حيث قرر المجلس تحديد موعد 18 أبريل 1989 لانتخاب رئيس جديد للمحكمة في مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة في الدورة الثالثة والأربعين.

مراجع

أحداث يناير 1989
قرارات مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة بشأن محكمة العدل الدولية
قرارات مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة عام 1989

قرار مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة رقم 627


Neuenhof ist ein ehemaliger Ort der Gemeinde Marienheide im Oberbergischen Kreis in Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Lage und Beschreibung
Neuenhof liegt im Südwesten von Marienheide im Tal des Mühlenbaches an der Landstraße L97 (Leppestraße) am Rande eines Neubaugebietes. 2012 besteht der Ort aus zwei Teichen, einem ehemaligen Mühlenstandort und einem Regenüberlaufbecken. Nachbarorte sind Winkel, Niederwette und Himmerkusen.

Geschichte
In der Preußischen Uraufnahme von 1840 ist im Bereich Neuenhof ein Mühlensymbol verzeichnet. Die Mühle ist mit "Höller Mühle" benannt. Ab der topografische Karte (Preußische Neuaufnahme) von 1894 bis 1896 lautet die Ortsbezeichnung "Neuenhof". 1931 ist das Mühlensymbol letztmals in einer topografischen Karte aufgeführt. Bis 1995 wird die Ortsbezeichnung Neuenhof in den topografischen Karten geführt.

Busverbindungen
Über die Haltestelle Wette und Niederwette der Linien 308 und 399 (VRS/OVAG) ist Neuenhof an den öffentlichen Personennahverkehr angebunden.

Einzelnachweise

Ortsteil von Marienheide

Neuenhof (Marienheide)


Elies Mahmoud, né le  à Dreux (France), est un footballeur français évoluant au poste d'ailier droit au FC Stade Lausanne Ouchy.

Biographie

En club
Né à Dreux (Eure-et-Loir), Elies Mahmoud est formé en France, notamment à La Berrichonne de Châteauroux où il évolue en catégories de jeunes avant de rejoindre Le Havre AC en mai 2020, avec qui il signe un contrat de stagiaire pro.

Il joue 16 matchs durant sa première saison au sein d'un groupe professionnel et signe des performances qui convainquent Paul Le Guen et le club normand de lui offrir un premier contrat de trois ans jusqu'à 2024. La saison suivante est plus compliquée, il alterne les apparitions avec le groupe professionnel et la réserve. Toutefois, avec l'arrivée de Luka Elsner à la tête du club en juin 2022, il est de nouveau convoqué dans le groupe professionnel et apparaît régulièrement sur le terrain en Ligue 2. Il dispute trente-et-une rencontres avec Le Havre et est sacré champion de France de Ligue 2 avec son club en 2023.

Suite à ce premier titre remporté en professionnel, il s'engage avec le FC Stade Lausanne Ouchy, tout juste promu en Super League suisse.

Statistiques

Palmarès
  Le Havre AC
 Champion de France de Ligue 2 en 2023

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur français
Joueur du Havre AC
Joueur du FC Stade Lausanne Ouchy
Naissance en février 2001
Naissance à Dreux

Elies Mahmoud


Everyday hace referencia a varios artículos:

 Everyday (álbum de Dave Matthews Band)
 Everyday (álbum de Hillsong United)
 Everyday (canción de Ariana Grande)
 Everyday (canción de Buddy Holly)
 Everyday (canción de Bon Jovi)
 Everyday (video), video viral producido por el fotógrafo norteamericano Noah Kalina.

Everyday


هذه قائمة ميداليات الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 1908 التي أقيمت في بريطانيا وقد تحصلت بريطانيا على المركز الأول برصيد 56 ذهبية.

ملاحظات

المرجع
 اللجنة الأولمبية الدولية – London 1908 Medal Table

الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1908
جداول ميداليات الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية
قوائم متعلقة بالرياضة البريطانية

جدول ميداليات الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1908


Finnur Jónsson (15. nóvember 1892 – 20. júlí 1993) var íslenskur myndlistarmaður sem fékkst bæði við fígúratív og abstrakt málverk, súrrealisma og fantasíur. Hann málaði nokkrar myndir af sjómönnum á árabátum. Hann var fyrsti myndlistarmaðurinn sem sýndi abstraktverk á Íslandi, eftir að hann kom heim frá námi í Danmörku og Þýskalandi 1925. Hann var einn af stofnendum Myndlistarfélags Íslands 1961 og var fyrsti formaður þess. Hann og kona hans, Guðný Elíasdóttir, gáfu Listasafni Íslands 800 verk hans árið 1985.

Íslenskir myndlistarmenn

Finnur Jónsson (myndlistarmaður)


الجُوبيّة  هي فستان أو ثوب بلا أكمام أو ياقة، يُمكن أن تُلبس فوق البلوزة أو القميص أو الكنزة أو الفنيلة. في الإنجليزية البريطانية، يُطلق لفظ «جامبر» على الكنزة.

هناك أشكال مختلفة للجوبية، فالصيفية لا تلبس فوق لباس آخر مثل القمصان أو الكنزات، وهي مختلفة من حيث التصميم. كذلك تتنوع أطوال الجوبيات.

التأثيل
تعود أصول مفردة «جامبر» الإنجليزية (Jumper) إلى مفردة «جُبّة» العربية.

معرض صور

المراجع

فساتين
موضة

جوبية


Lai Choi San (Velstandens bjerg) var en kinesisk pirat fra det 20. århundrede. Den eneste dokumentation for hendes eksistens er bogen, I Sailed With Pirates (Jeg sejlede med pirater) af Aleko Lilius, udgivet i 1931, hvor hun hævdes at være den mest magtfulde og velkendte kvindelige piratleder i kinesisk historie, som måske kun blev rivaliseret af Ching Shih fra det forrige århundrede.

Liv og gerning

Hun ledede en flåde på omkring 12 djunker i området ved Macao og i det Sydkinesiske Hav i 1920'erne og 1930'erne. Selvom hendes flåde var baseret i Sydkinesiske Hav, besøgte hun det Østkinesiske Hav og undertiden Suluhavet nær Palawan i Filippinerne.

Laoi Choi San var en af flere pirater, som Lilius hævder at have rejst med i slutningen af 1920'erne. Lilius beskriver hendes flåde som "tolv glatløbede våben, middelalderlige kanoner ombord og to temmelig moderne. Langs djunkens bastioner blev boltet rækker af tunge jernplader". Hendes besætningsmedlemmer benævnes ladroner (pirater, sørøvere) af portugiserne og, ifølge Lilius, var "alle frygtelige fæller, muskuløse barskede mænd, der havde brede hatte og bundet røde tørklæder rundt om halsen og hovederne". Lai Choi San er blevet omtalt som en kvindelig "Robin Hood" -figur, men hun og hendes besætning blev ofte betalt beskyttelsespenge af lokale købmænd og opererede med ringe indblanding fra hverken portugisiske eller kinesiske myndigheder efter, at hun havde arvet flåden fra sin fader ved hans død.

Indflydelse på kultur

I Arthur Ransomes ungdomsroman Missee Lee, henlagt til de sydkinesiske havområder, er titelrollen givet til en person, der deler mange af Lai Choi Sans træk. Missee Lee, som leder en flåde af væbnede djunker bemandede af muskuløse kinesiske pirater, både kidnapper og redder derefter de heroiske engelske børn, der sejler i området.

Lai Choi San var også modellen for Dragon Lady, en af de største skurke, der optrådte i tegneserie-, radio- og tv-serien Terry and the Pirates. Seriens skaberen Milton Caniff hævdede senere at have været inspireret af at læse en historie om hende. Karakteren skabte en arketype, hvis person sædvanligvis er portrætteret som en smuk, men koldhjertet skurkinde som optræder i senere populærkultur. I bogen "Los Futbolisímos" af Roberto Santiago, bruger en spansk tyvagtig pige, der hedder Almudena García, Laoi Chai Sans navn som et pseudonym.

Noter

Litteratur
 Blackham, Robert James. Woman: In Honour and Dishonour. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd., 1936.
 Lintner, Bertil. Blood Brothers: Crime, Business and Politics in Asia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002.
 Lorimer, Sara. Booty: Girl Pirates on the High Seas. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2001.

Kinas historie
Pirater

Lai Choi San


Hoßtrup ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Egmont von Hoßtrup (1813–1876), Verleger und Theaterintendant
 Gerhard von Hoßtrup (1771–1851), Gründer der Hamburger Börsenhalle

Siehe auch:
 Hostrup

Hoßtrup


Síminn Sport 4 er íslensk sjónvarpsstöð stofnuð árið 2019 rekin af Símanum sem sýnir íþróttaefni. Stöðin sýnir ekki samfella dagskrá heldur einungis staka íþróttaleiki af og til. Stöðin er aukastöð af stöðunum Síminn Sport, Síminn Sport 2 og Síminn Sport 3.
Íslenskar sjónvarpsstöðvar
Stofnað 2019

Síminn Sport 4


Vincenzo Iaquinta (d. 21 Kasım 1979), İtalyan futbolcudur. Mevkisi forvettir.

Kariyeri
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası'nda şampiyon olan İtalya millî futbol takımında oynayan Iaquinta turnuvada Gana millî futbol takımına bir de gol attı.

1979 doğumlular
Crotone ili doğumlular
İtalyan futbolcular
İtalya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Calcio Padova futbolcuları
Udinese Calcio futbolcuları
Juventus FC futbolcuları
AC Cesena futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
Serie B futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2009 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
2010 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
FIFA Dünya Kupası kazanan futbolcular
İtalya 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Forvet futbolcular
ASD Castel di Sangro Calcio futbolcuları

Vincenzo Iaquinta


Ekološki čimbenici su utjecajne i promjenjive fizikalne, kemijske ili biološke veličine iz okoliša (varijable), koje mogu pozitivno ili negativno djelovati na životne uloge, rast, razmnožavanje i gustoću populacije i na koje se organizam mora prilagoditi radi preživljavanja. Drugim riječima, to su sve sastavnice vanjskog okoliša koje djeluju na organizme u njemu. Glavne osobine ekoloških čimbenika jesu njihovo složeno djelovanje, promjenjivost i međuovisnost, stoga je samostalno djelovanje jednoga čimbenika nemoguće. Promjena ekoloških čimbenika prisutna je i u vremenu (na dnevnoj ili godišnjoj razini, na razini godišnjih doba) i u prostoru (na razini staništa, bioma, Zemljinih toplinskih pojaseva tj. geografske mreže). Dijele se na biotičke i abiotičke, uz izdvajanje čovjekova utjecaja u vidu antropogenih čimbenika.

Literatura
 Glavač, V., 1999.: Uvod u globalnu ekologiju. Duzpo i Hrvatske šume, Zagreb.
 Krčmar, S.: Ekološki čimbenici , predavanje u repozitoriju Odjela za biologiju Sveučilišta u Osijeku
 Sremac, J.: Ekološka valencija i čimbenici u okolišu , predavanje u repozitoriju PMF-a u Zagrebu
 Šolić, M., 2005.: Ekologija Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, Split.

Ekologija

Ekološki čimbenik


Sommerfuglefinke () er en subsaharisk spurvefugl.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Afrikas fugle
Spurvefugle

Sommerfuglefinke


El derecho islámico en Al-Andalus, se incorpora desde primer momento de la conquista, bajo el Califato omeya, hasta la caída del Reino nazarí de Granada. No obstante, los juristas granadinos son exponente en Occidente del renacer de los estudios jurídicos esbozados en el  en Oriente; la Madraza Yusufiyya de Granada formulará audaces soluciones jurídicas que se reflejan posteriormente en la práctica jurídica de todo el Occidente musulmán.

De las diversas Escuelas teológico-jurídicas que han existido en el Islam: la de Abu Hanifah, Malik ibn Anas, Al-Safi'i, Al-Awza'i, Sufyán al-Tawri y Yaqub ibn al-Layt, en España tendrán vigencia especialmente las doctrinas de Al-Awza'i y Malik.

En la primera época son las doctrinas de Al-Awza'i las que se aplican en España. Sus normas son las utilizadas en el comienzo de la conquista árabe en España. Más adelante, incluso ya en el reinado de Abd al-Rahman ben Muawiyya (757-796) se aplican con cierto eclecticismo las doctrinas de Al-Awza'i y de Malik según se comprueba por la biografía nº 1430 de Ibn al-Faradi en su obra Kitáb al-Ihtifal fi 'ulamá' al-Andalus (Libro de la celebración acerca de los sabios de al-Ándalus o Historia de los sabios de al-Ándalus). En esta obra, Ibn al-Faradi alude a un juez quien -afirma- «no se ceñía al ejercer su función a una determinada escuela jurídica, sino que seguía su buen saber y entender».

En Al-Ándalus, por lo tanto, existió desde el primer momento un derecho consuetudinario local en forma de usos agrícolas, muchos de ellos imperantes desde tiempo inmemorial, pero también este derecho consuetudinario cobró vida y hubo de evolucionar bajo dominio islámico. Es discutible, sin embargo, que existiera una costumbre y práctica jurídica contraria al derecho malikí. El propio Malik había previsto, a través de la formulación de su principio de al-masalih al-mursala (concepto próximo a bien público o bien común), el interés general prevalente en cada momento histórico, la adaptación del derecho a la vida.

Existió una cierta dicotomía entre el derecho malikí -teóricamente vigente- y la práctica jurídica seguida en la España musulmana. En Al-Andalus, para unos autores existió un derecho Islámico con peculiaridades propias, distinto en parte a la propia doctrina malikí, mientras que otros consideran que las enseñanzas jurídicas de Malik se aplicaron -tras los primeros tiempos de vigencia de otras doctrinas-, como las de Al-Awza-i, Layt b. Sa'd, Al-Tawri, y otras, en toda su plenitud.

Así, se considera que en Al-Ándalus, estuvo vigente, en materia de Ibadat (rituales religiosos), la doctrina de Malik o de sus glosadores en forma prioritaria y en materia de Muamalat (doctrinas de conducta en la vida privada), sobre todo las relaciones jurídicas "inter vivos" o "mortis causa", se aplicó en primer lugar la normativa malikí. No obstante, en numerosas ocasiones, basándose precisamente en el principio de al-masalih al-mursala se dieron soluciones peculiares.

 Véase también

 Al-Andalus

 Referencias

 Bibliografía
  en Web Islam'', bajo licencia CC-BY-3.0.

Derecho en al-Ándalus


Liam James Rosenior (Wandsworth, Inglaterra, 15 de diciembre de 1984) es un exfutbolista inglés. Jugaba de defensa y su último equipo fue el Brighton & Hove Albion F. C. de Inglaterra. Desde noviembre de 2022 dirige al Hull City A. F. C.

Trayectoria

Como jugador
Nacido en Londres, comenzó su carrera en el Bristol City como centrocampista. Marcó el segundo gol en la victoria por 2-0 del Bristol City contra el Carlisle United en la final de la English Football League Trophy en el Millennium Stadium. En la primera ronda de la carrera de copa de la ciudad de Bristol, derrotaron al Queens Park Rangers en los penaltis, y Rosenior anotó el penal ganador en la tanda de penaltis. En noviembre de 2003 fichó por el Fulham. Hizo su debut con el club el 13 de diciembre en un empate 1-1 en casa ante el Manchester United, ganando el Premio Sky Sports al Hombre del Partido. Marcó un gol con el Fulham, en una eliminatoria de la Copa de la Liga contra el Lincoln City el 21 de septiembre de 2005.

Firmó una extensión de cuatro años a su contrato con Fulham en julio de 2006, pero dejó Fulham por el Reading el 31 de agosto de 2007 por una tarifa no revelada en un contrato de tres años.

El 2 de septiembre de 2009 se unió al Ipswich Town cedido por el resto de la temporada 2009-10. Marcó su primer gol con el club ante el Barnsley el 3 de octubre de 2009.

Hull City
El 29 de octubre de 2010 se unió al Hull City en un acuerdo a corto plazo hasta el 1 de enero de 2011. Hizo su debut al día siguiente en el partido fuera de casa frente al Barnsley. Firmó un contrato de  años con Hull el 21 de diciembre de 2010. Tras extender su vínculo, aseguró lo siguiente: "Estoy encantado, es algo que acordamos a medias cuando vine aquí por primera vez, pero dependía de la la adquisición se completó para que yo me quede".

El 18 de agosto de 2013 fue un suplente no utilizado cuando Hull perdió 2-0 contra el Chelsea en Stamford Bridge en el primer fin de semana de la temporada. El 22 de marzo de 2014 anotó su único gol con el Hull City al cabecear el rebote de un penalti de Nikica Jelavić que detuvo el portero del West Bromwich Albion Ben Foster. El 17 de mayo de 2014, fue titular en la final de la FA Cup 2013-14 contra el Arsenal.

El 28 de mayo de 2015, Hull City liberó a Rosenior y a otros cinco jugadores que no tenían contrato al final de la temporada 2014-15.

Brighton & Hove Albion
El 23 de junio de 2015 fichó por el Brighton & Hove Albion en un contrato de tres años tras su liberación del Hull City. Se retiró como futbolista el 30 de julio de 2018.

Como entrenador

Brighton & Hove Albion
Después de su retiro del juego permaneció en Brighton, asumiendo el puesto de entrenador asistente del equipo sub-23 de Brighton, que combinó con su aparición como experto en Sky Sports.

Derby County
El 10 de julio de 2019 fue nombrado entrenador especialista del primer equipo de Phillip Cocu en el Derby County. Fue nombrado segundo entrenador del club el 15 de enero de 2021 tras el nombramiento de Wayne Rooney como técnico.

Tras la renuncia de Rooney el 24 de junio de 2022, asumió el cargo de entrenador interino. Fue relevado de sus funciones el 21 de septiembre de 2022 mientras aún trabajaba para el club, ya que el club buscaba un entrenador permanente. Tras el nombramiento de Paul Warne, Rosenior dejó el club.

Hull City
El 3 de noviembre de 2022 fue nombrado entrenador del Hull City con un contrato de dos años y medio, y regresó al club donde jugó 161 partidos entre 2010 y 2015.

Selección nacional
Rosenior nació en Inglaterra, y es descendiente de Sierra Leona a través de su padre, Leroy Rosenior, quien fue un futbolista internacional para Sierra Leona. Rosenior fue convocado a la sub-21 de Inglaterra en marzo de 2005 e hizo su debut en un empate 2-2 con la sub-21 de Alemania el 25 de marzo de 2005, seguido de cerca por un segundo partido internacional en la victoria por 2-0 sobre la sub-21 de Azerbaiyán el 29 de marzo de 2005. Sus actuaciones le valieron una llamada a la selección sub-20 de Inglaterra para el Torneo de Toulon en junio de 2005, donde jugó tres veces y marcó un gol.

Sin embargo, pasaría más de un año y medio antes de que aumentara sus partidos con la sub-21 de Inglaterra, y el próximo sería contra la sub-21 de Países Bajos el 14 de noviembre de 2006. Rosenior entró en el equipo para la Eurocopa Sub-21 de 2007, pero solo hizo una aparición, como suplente en la semifinal contra los neerlandeses. Participó en la tanda de penaltis de este juego, anotando su penalti cuando Inglaterra perdió 13-12. Debido a su edad, esta sería su séptima y última aparición con la sub-21 inglesa.

Clubes

Como jugador

Como entrenador

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Perfil de Liam Rosenior

Futbolistas de Inglaterra
Futbolistas del Bristol City Football Club
Futbolistas del Torquay United Football Club
Futbolistas del Fulham Football Club
Futbolistas del Reading Football Club
Futbolistas del Ipswich Town Football Club
Futbolistas del Hull City Association Football Club
Futbolistas del Brighton & Hove Albion Football Club
Futbolistas nacionalizados en Sierra Leona
Entrenadores de fútbol de Inglaterra
Entrenadores del Derby County Football Club
Entrenadores del Hull City Association Football Club
Anglo-sierraleonés
Nacidos en Londres

Liam Rosenior


Europroctus montanus o tritón corso pertenece a la familia de los Salamandridae y es oriundo de Córcega. Se encuentra principalmente en los arroyos, manantiales y ríos de los bosques y monte bajo en altitudes superiores a 600 m.

Mide alrededor de 10 cm de longitud, y es de color verde oliva con manchas. Cuenta con una superficie inferior gris, con manchas oscuras, excepto en la garganta y tiene diferenciación por sexo. Está amenazado por la pérdida de hábitat .

Referencias
 Miaud, C., Lecis, R. & Edgar, P. 2004.  Euproctus montanus.   2006 IUCN Lista roja de tritones.
 Griffiths, Richard A. (1996). Newts and Salamanders of Europe. Ed. Academic Press. pág. 149. ISBN 0-12-3093955-X.

Pleurodelinae
Fauna de Córcega

Euproctus montanus


La capricciosa corretta (título original en italiano; en español, La caprichosa corregida) es una ópera cómica en dos actos, con música de Vicente Martín y Soler según un libreto de Lorenzo Da Ponte, basado en William Shakespeare. Se estrenó en el King's Theatre de Haymarket de Londres el 27 de enero de 1795.

Se estrenó bajo el título de La scuola dei maritati. Otros títulos por los que se conoce a esta ópera Gli sposi in contrasto y también La moglie corretta. El estreno fue un éxito.

Esta ópera rara vez se representa en la actualidad; en las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con sólo una representación en el período 2005-2010.

Discografía
La Capricciosa Corretta, con Les Talens Lyriques dirigida por Christophe Rousset. Intérpretes: Margueritte Krull (Ciprigna), Josep Miquel Ramón (Fiuta), Yves Saelens (Lelio), Enrique Baquerizo (Bonario), Carlos Marin (Don Giglio), Katia Velletaz (Isabella), Raffaella Milanesi (Cilia), Emiliano González Toro (Valerio). Grabación en estudio. Naive, 2003. Astrée Naive E 8887

Referencias
Operaclass
 Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia

Óperas de Vicente Martín y Soler
Óperas de 1795
Óperas en italiano
Óperas estrenadas en Londres

La capricciosa corretta


O Mafriano (em siríaco: ܡܦܪܝܢܐ , romanizado:  maphryānā ou maphryono), originalmente conhecido como o Grande Metropolita do Oriente e também conhecido como Católico, era o segundo posto mais alto na hierarquia eclesiástica da Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca, logo abaixo do patriarca. O ofício de um mafriano é um maprianato. Houve três mafrianatos na história da Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca e um, brevemente, na Igreja Católica Siríaca.

O primeiro mafrianato, chamado Mafrianato do Oriente ou Mafrianato de Ticrite, foi estabelecido em 628 para dar à Igreja Siríaca Ortodoxa uma hierarquia eclesiástica no Império Sassânida e terras fora do controle do Império Romano. A sé do bispo foi inicialmente em Ticrite e ele ocupava o segundo lugar na hierarquia depois do Patriarca de Antioquia. Inicialmente, ele usou o título 'católico' em oposição direta ao rival Católico de Seleucia-Ctesifonte da Igreja do Oriente. O título 'mafriano' começou a ser usado por volta de 1100. Em 1156, a sé do mafriano foi transferida para Moçul. O Mafrianato do Oriente foi abolido em 1860 como resultado de um número decrescente de siríacos ortodoxos fora da região de Tur Abdim. A essa altura, havia sido uma sé meramente titular por muito tempo.

O segundo mafrianato foi o Mafrianato de Tur Abdim estabelecido em 1495 sob a jurisdição do patriarca de Tur Abdim. Não está claro que tipo de jurisdição este mafriano exercia. Nenhum novo mafriano foi nomeado após a morte do último em 1844.

O único mafriano siríaco católico foi Basílio Isaque Jbeir, que assumiu o título em 1693. Embora eleito patriarca, ele recusou o título, mantendo sua posição de mafriano, não estabelecendo assim uma linha patriarcal.

No , um novo mafrianato nominalmente sob a Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca foi estabelecido na Índia em 1912, criando uma nova Igreja autocéfala, a Igreja Síria Ortodoxa Malankara. Isso não foi reconhecido pelo então reinante Patriarca de Antioquia até 1958. A situação, no entanto, deteriorou-se em 1975 e a Igreja Ortodoxa Malankara se separou novamente da Igreja Cristã Síria Jacobita (um ramo integrante da Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca). Desde aquela época, houve dois mafrianatos rivais na Índia, embora o título atualmente em uso seja Católico da Índia.

Etimologia
A palavra "mafriano" é uma anglicização do árabe mafiryān, ela própria do siríaco maphryono (mprynʾ), que significa "aquele que dá frutos, frutificador", metaforicamente "consagrador" de bispos.

Ver também

 Católico
 Catolicato
 Católico do Oriente
 Católico da Índia
 Mafrianato do Oriente
 Patriarca de Tur Abdim

Igreja Ortodoxa Síria
Cristianismo siríaco
Mafrianos
Cargos eclesiásticos

Mafriano


Jonathan Peter Wilkinson,  (born 25 May 1979) is an English former rugby union player. A fly-half, he played for Newcastle Falcons and Toulon and represented England and the British & Irish Lions. He is particularly known for scoring the winning drop goal in the 2003 Rugby World Cup Final and is widely acknowledged as one of the best rugby union players of all time.

He played club rugby for twelve seasons in the English Premiership with Newcastle Falcons. In 2009 he moved to Toulon, where he won two Heineken Cups and one Top 14 championship in five seasons.

Wilkinson won 91 caps for England. He was an integral member of the England squad which won the 2003 World Cup, scoring the winning drop goal in the last minute of extra time against Australia in the final. He came back from several injuries and was part of the England team which reached the final of the 2007 World Cup. He toured twice with the British & Irish Lions, in 2001 to Australia and 2005 to New Zealand, winning 6 caps.

He retired from rugby after the end of the 2013–14 season. In 2016, he was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame. Wilkinson is currently a studio pundit for ITV Sport, working on their coverage of the Six Nations Championship, Rugby World Cup and other rugby events.

Early life
Wilkinson was born on 25 May 1979 at Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley, Surrey and grew up in Farnham. He attended Pierrepont School, Frensham and Lord Wandsworth College near Hook, Hampshire, and played at youth level for Farnham Rugby Club.

He gained a place at the University of Durham, but gave his place up in 1997 to become a professional rugby union player with the Newcastle Falcons.

Career

1998–2000

Wilkinson started his career at Newcastle School of Rugby as an inside centre, competing for a place with international veterans such as Inga Tuigamala, and Lion Alan Tait. He became a fixture in a side that went on to win the 1997-98 Allied Dunbar Premiership title. By March 1998 he was in the full England Test squad. Wilkinson began his international career as an unused replacement against Scotland, before coming off the bench, replacing Mike Catt, to play on the wing against Ireland at Twickenham on 4 April 1998; he was only 18.

He then participated in England's "Tour of Hell" in June 1998 that saw them suffer heavy defeats to both New Zealand and Australia (who defeated them 76–0). Wilkinson returned to domestic duties by taking over from Rob Andrew, who was made Falcons head coach (later Director of Rugby), as both their fly-half and goal kicker. Wilkinson became a fixture in the England team, and started in all their matches in the 1999 Five Nations Championship. He played for the Falcons in their 1999 Tetley's Bitter Cup final defeat to London Wasps.

Wilkinson played for England in matches against Australia, the United States and Canada as the 1999 Rugby World Cup approached. He made his Rugby World Cup debut against Italy, scoring one try, converting another six and landing five penalty goals to rack up 32 individual points in the 67–7 win. After playing another pool game against the All Blacks, which England lost 30–16, he was rested against Tonga, a match won by England 101–10. Following the quarter-final playoff win against Fiji, Wilkinson was relegated to the bench for the quarter-final against South Africa. England lost the match by 44–21 and exited the tournament. Clive Woodward refused to expand on his selection choice at the time, and following the match some commentators blamed the head coach's lack of consistency in team selection as harming England's World Cup bid.

The following year Wilkinson played in all five of England's 2000 Six Nations Championship matches. England won the championship, however they missed a Grand Slam after losing their final match against Scotland. Wilkinson then toured South Africa with England in June 2000, kicking all of the points in their 27–22 win in Bloemfontein. He was then capped another three times for England during the end of year internationals.

2001–2002

In 2001, England again won the Six Nations Championship. After the opening win over Wales, Wilkinson set an individual Six Nations Championship points scoring record with 35 points against Italy at Twickenham on 17 February, to overtake the record of his Newcastle Falcons mentor, Rob Andrew. England won all their subsequent matches during the tournament, with the exception of the Irish match, which was postponed until October.

More success followed for Wilkinson after the Six Nations, as the Falcons won the Powergen Cup: a late Newcastle try saw them defeat Harlequins by three points, by 30–27. As a result of Neil Jenkins suffering a number of injuries and a dip in form, Wilkinson was picked as the first choice fly-half and goal kicker for the 2001 British Lions tour to Australia in July. The Lions won the first test over Australia by 29–13 in Brisbane, in which Wilkinson scored nine points through his kicking.

The second test, on 7 July, saw the Lions lose 35–14 at the Docklands Stadium. Wilkinson was blamed by many for throwing a long pass inside his 22 that was intercepted by Joe Roff: this was seen as the turning point in the match, and probably the test series. During the match, Wilkinson injured his leg and was stretchered off the pitch. The injury was thought to be particularly serious, but he made a full recovery before the Third and final test on 14 July. Wilkinson's try at the start of the second half ensured that, along with his kicking scores, he equalled the Lions' best individual scoring total in a Test, with 18 points.

The incomplete 2001 Six Nations Championship was concluded in October, with England playing Ireland. England lost 20–14 at Lansdowne Road. Both Ireland and England had won four out of the five Six Nations fixtures, but England's superior points difference ensured they clinched the title although, for the second year running, not the Grand Slam. In a match against Australia for the Cook Cup in November, Wilkinson scored all of England's points in their 21–15 victory at Twickenham. After being rested as an unused bench replacement in the subsequent match against Romania, he then played a large role in a win over the Springboks, in which he kicked seven penalty goals in the 29–9 victory. Going for a third Six Nations title in a row, England got off to a good start in their 2002 Six Nations Championship with wins over Scotland and Ireland, before losing to France at the Stade de France. England won their remaining fixtures against Wales and Italy but France went on to complete a Grand Slam. The Falcons were in Pool 6 in the 2001–02 Heineken Cup, and won one match, finishing fourth in the pool.

In the November 2002 end-of-year tests England faced Australia, New Zealand and South Africa in subsequent weekends. Wilkinson played a large role in England's win over the All Blacks. He scored a try (although he commented later that the chip he kicked over the New Zealand defence was in fact meant for Jason Robinson to receive), and kicked two conversions and three penalty goals, as well as a drop goal. England then faced the 2002 Tri Nations Series champions Australia, who came to Twickenham on the back of a loss to Ireland. Two tries by winger Ben Cohen and Wilkinson's kicking accuracy saw England come back from a 19–31 deficit to defeat Australia by a single point in a 32–31 victory. England went into the last test against South Africa with the possibility of beating the Big Three rugby nations of the Southern Hemisphere on subsequent weekends, and defeated the Springboks by 53–3. Springbok Jannes Labuschagne was red-carded after 23 minutes for a late tackle on Wilkinson. The very physical match later saw Wilkinson leave the pitch with a dislocated left shoulder. The England camp believed that Wilkinson was targeted by South Africa during the game. His half-back partner Matt Dawson, who had also been forced off that match with an injury after being rammed by a Springbok player, later wrote in his autobiography Nine Lives that he felt South Africa had started out the match with the intent of injuring England players.

2003 Six Nations and victory at the World Cup
The opening match of the 2003 Six Nations Championship saw France, the reigning champions and Grand Slam winners, play England. Both teams were high in confidence, following successes in their end of year tests against nations from the Southern hemisphere. Many saw this game as the tournament decider and England won the match 25–17. Now considered favourites to win the tournament, as well as a Grand Slam, England defeated Wales, Italy and Scotland. For the game against Italy, Wilkinson was chosen as the captain of the squad for the first time in his England career, as Martin Johnson was unavailable due to the birth of his first child. The final match was against Ireland at Lansdowne Road and would determine the tournament, and Grand Slam winner of 2003. By winning 42–6, England became the 2003 champions and serious contenders for the upcoming 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia. Wilkinson was named Man of the Match.

After the Six Nations, England commenced a tour to the Southern Hemisphere, to play New Zealand and Australia in June. On 14 June and in difficult weather conditions, Wilkinson scored all 15 points as England beat New Zealand 15–13 in Wellington. He was also a major force in their 25–14 win over Australia a week later, which was their first ever victory on Australian soil. With England's 45–14 win over France in September, in which Wilkinson scored 18 points, England were now considered one of the favourites at the World Cup, set to start in October. Wilkinson was the youngest member of England's World Cup squad.

England's first match at the 2003 World Cup was at Subiaco Oval in Perth, where they defeated Georgia 84–6, with Wilkinson scoring 16 points from his goal kicking. He played a major role in the pool match against the Springboks, in which he scored 20 of England's 25 points, in the victory which held their opponents to just six. The subsequent match against Samoa in Melbourne was surprisingly close for the number-one-ranked rugby nation against a supposed "minnow" of international competition, but England pulled off a 35–22 win. Wilkinson was rested for England's final win against Uruguay. England finished at the top of Pool D, four points ahead of South Africa.

England moved into the quarter finals, where they met Wales at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane. Aided by the arrival of Catt at half-time, Wilkinson went on to score 23 points in the match, which England won 28–17 to proceed to the semi-finals. England met France, whom they had beaten earlier that year on two occasions. England won 24–7, with Wilkinson scoring all of England's points through his kicking. In the final versus Australia, with the scores level at 17–17, Wilkinson received a pass and kicked a drop goal in extra time with just 26 seconds remaining; England won 20–17. The last time Australia had lost a World Cup match was eight years earlier in the 1995 Rugby World Cup, when Wilkinson's mentor Rob Andrew scored a drop goal at the stroke of full-time to win the game for England. After the match, Wilkinson expressed his relief at converting the winning drop goal, as it was his first success in four attempts during the match. The win gave England its first Rugby World Cup, and broke the Southern Hemisphere's dominance of the tournament. Wilkinson became the tournament's leading points scorer with 113 points. He was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year and also named the 2003 IRB International Player of the Year.

2004–2005

Within a couple of weeks of winning the World Cup, Wilkinson was found to have had a broken facet in his shoulder and missed the 2004 Six Nations Championship and the disastrous tour of New Zealand and Australia. He was named captain of the England team on 4 October 2004, replacing Lawrence Dallaglio, who had resigned five weeks earlier. However, he was kept out of the 2004 autumn internationals by a haematoma in his upper right arm, the captaincy being taken over by Jason Robinson and then Martin Corry. In January 2005, he injured his medial knee ligament in a match against Perpignan. He missed the opening matches of the 2005 Six Nations Championship and on his return to Newcastle on 13 March 2005 he injured the same knee again.

In almost 18 months, he had played a total of only 937.5 minutes of competitive rugby union, but was nonetheless given a chance to prove his fitness for the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand. Initially Wilkinson was left out of the 44-strong squad which was announced by Clive Woodward on 11 April 2005. However, on 8 May Woodward announced he had added the fly-half to the squad after Wilkinson had proved he was injury-free and fit. Wilkinson made his first international appearance since the 2003 Rugby World Cup Final on 23 May at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff as the Lions played Argentina. Wilkinson, along with the rest of the team, played poorly, but he kicked a conversion and six penalties and salvaged a 25–25 draw with the last kick of the game.

Wilkinson's next international appearance was in the Lions' first test against New Zealand, starting at inside centre. Wilkinson scored the Lions' only points in their comprehensive 21–3 defeat. In the second test, another heavy loss, he started in his normal fly-half position, but suffered a stinger injury, which ruled him out of the third test. Wilkinson was replaced by Stephen Jones in the final test.

Wilkinson had to forgo participation in the Falcons' August pre-season games in Japan due to appendicitis. Then, after having appeared in five successive matches for Newcastle, the injury litany continued in late November with surgery for a sportsman's hernia, which he himself associated with the strain of his heavy training sessions, often involving long kicking sessions.

2006–2007

Rob Andrew, then Director of Rugby at Falcons, said that there was no chance of Wilkinson going on England's summer tour and that he would be taking the summer off. Despite missing two conversions, he demonstrated his playmaker skills in the game against the Worcester Warriors on 30 April, in which he played the whole second half. Afterwards, Andrew reiterated that Wilkinson should not tour during the summer to prolong his recovery period. Wilkinson started as captain in the Falcons last 2005-06 Guinness Premiership game of the season on Saturday, 6 May 2006, converting six of his team's eight tries in their 54–19 victory over Leeds Tykes.

Rob Andrew stated in July, pre-season to the 2006-07 Guinness Premiership, that Wilkinson would be ready to challenge for an England position come the November internationals. Captaincy of the Falcons was also given to former Wallabies fullback Matt Burke, a move that Andrew believed would allow Wilkinson to concentrate more on his game and a full return to rugby. In early August head coach of England, Andy Robinson announced the Elite Player Squad for the 2006–07 season, in which Wilkinson was included.

During the second game of the 2006-07 Guinness Premiership season against Worcester Warriors on Friday, 8 September, Wilkinson was helped from the pitch after 47 minutes with a knee injury incurred when one of his team members fell on him after he was tackled. A scan confirmed that he had torn the medial ligament of his right knee. He returned to play a full 80 minutes in the 26–21 win against leaders Bristol on Friday, 3 November, kicking a conversion, a drop-goal and two penalties. It was reported on 9 November that Wilkinson suffered a lacerated kidney during the match. He returned from this injury in the Premiership game against Leicester Tigers on 27 January 2007, coming off the bench after 37 minutes. On 29 January 2007, Wilkinson was selected at fly-half in the starting line up for England in their 2007 Six Nations Championship opener against Scotland. England comprehensively beat Scotland 42–20 to regain the Calcutta Cup, Wilkinson making an impressive return, scoring 27 points with five penalties, two conversions, a drop goal, and a try. This broke the previous Calcutta Cup individual record of 24, set by Rob Andrew. Wilkinson was awarded the RBS Man of the Match as adjudicated by BBC commentator, Brian Moore.
In the following match against Italy at Twickenham, Wilkinson scored 15 points to become the highest individual point scorer in the history of the Five/Six Nations with 421 points.

Despite another injury scare just before the match against Ireland on 26 February at Croke Park, Wilkinson started, scoring 8 points in the game which England lost 43–13. Wilkinson did not play in the two remaining Six Nations games against France and Wales due to the effects of a cramp that forced him off in the Premiership 38–12 defeat to London Irish on 3 March. On 13 April, he suffered a rib injury that forced him off during his fourth consecutive appearance for Newcastle in their 19–12 win over Gloucester.

Despite missing the season's last Premiership game against Bath, Wilkinson made the England squad for the summer tour and scored 5 points in the first test's record 58–10 loss to South Africa. He scored 17 points in the second test, which England lost 55–22. In the first of three warm up tests before the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, Wilkinson had an impressive game, scoring 17 points (seven conversions and a penalty) in the 62–5 demolition of Wales.

2007 World Cup

Due to a non-contact ankle injury sustained in training, Wilkinson was not included in the teams for the opening games of the 2007 Rugby World Cup against the United States and then South Africa. He returned to score 24 points in the 44–22 win over Samoa. He helped England to victory against Tonga which put them through to the quarter-finals. During England's 12–10 quarter final win against Australia, in which he scored all of England's points, Wilkinson became the Rugby World Cup's leading point scorer with 231 points, surpassing Gavin Hastings of Scotland. He continued to play a major role in England's defence of the World Cup by kicking 9 points, including a 40-metre drop goal in the dying minutes, in their 14–9 semi-final victory over France.

In the 2007 Rugby World Cup Final, on 20 October at the Stade de France, South Africa won the Webb Ellis Cup in a game where Wilkinson kicked two penalties, but missed two drop goal attempts. He was one of only four players to start both the 2003 and 2007 Rugby World Cup Finals, the other three being Phil Vickery, Jason Robinson and Ben Kay.

2008–2009 international season

Going into the 2008 Six Nations Championship, Wilkinson was the obvious choice as England's number 10 and started the first four matches. Against Wales on 2 February 2008, Wilkinson scored 14 points, but England put in a poor display to fall 19–26 after squandering a 10-point lead at half-time. Wilkinson then amassed 27 points in England's next two wins against Italy and France.  A disappointing loss against Scotland on 8 March, in which a number of the England squad put in poor performances, raised questions about Wilkinson's inclusion in the starting line-up given the emerging English talents at the number 10 position. 20-year-old Danny Cipriani was the main back up stand-off throughout the tournament (along with Charlie Hodgson), and replaced Wilkinson in the starting line-up for the last match of the tournament against Ireland. This was only the second time in his England career that Wilkinson was dropped to the bench (the first time being for the 1999 Rugby World Cup quarter final match with South Africa for which Paul Grayson was preferred). However, close to the start of the second half during the Ireland match on 15 March, Wilkinson was brought off the bench to replace Toby Flood, thus playing alongside Cipriani at inside centre. This suggests a possible synthesis to the balance of nurturing up-and-coming fly-halves while incorporating the leading player in the position in recent years into the squad.

Following the Ireland match and speculation about Wilkinson's future as the England number 10, Lawrence Dallaglio expressed his opinion that Wilkinson was unlikely to let the position be handed to Cipriani from then on: the competition for the place was likely to inspire Wilkinson, rather than discourage him.

Despite competition over his position, Wilkinson ended the 2008 Six Nations as the tournament's top points scorer, with 50 points. He was not considered for Martin Johnson's first England squad (the 2008 summer tour of New Zealand) due to a shoulder injury. He was joined by Danny Cipriani on the sidelines after the Wasps player also missed out due to injury. On 1 July 2008, Wilkinson was named in Martin Johnson's Elite Player Squad and was the only specialist fly-half in the squad.

2008/2009 Guinness Premiership season
Wilkinson made his recovery from shoulder surgery to score 22 points on his return game against Northampton on 14 September 2008, including a 45-metre last minute drop goal. Further sparkling performances and robust play indicated Wilkinson was playing injury free and back to his best. Unfortunately, the injury jinx struck again in the Guinness Premiership fixture against Gloucester on 30 September 2008. Wilkinson was forced off the field with a dislocated knee, which left him unavailable for England's autumn internationals and for the rest of the 2008-09 Guinness Premiership season. Wilkinson's injury facilitated a recall to the England squad for the Autumn Internationals for Danny Cipriani, who had returned from a serious ankle injury on 1 October 2008. In May 2009, it was confirmed that Wilkinson had ended his 12 years with the Falcons to join the French team Toulon for the 2009-10 Top 14 season.

2009 autumn internationals
Wilkinson made a successful injury free comeback to international test rugby on 7 November against Australia after an 18-month absence. He then went on to play consecutive games against Argentina on 14 November and New Zealand on 21 November. Wilkinson along with Lewis Moody were England's most consistent performers as they lost to Australia and New Zealand and narrowly beat Argentina. During the first two games he was partnered with Shane Geraghty at inside centre for the third game he was partnered with Ayoola Erinle at inside centre.

2007–2014
Because of a succession of injuries – affecting his knee ligaments, arm, shoulder and kidney – Wilkinson's international career was severely disrupted. He did not appear again for England until 1,169 days after the 2003 Rugby World Cup triumph, for the opening game of the 2007 Six Nations Championship against Scotland on 3 February 2007. In his comeback international match, Wilkinson scored 27 points (a record in the Calcutta Cup) in a full house (scoring points by all four possible methods), and was proclaimed Man of the Match.

The following week against Italy, he became the highest point-scorer in the history of the Five/Six Nations Championship (he has since been overtaken by Ronan O'Gara of Ireland). On 6 October 2007, he also became the highest point-scorer in the history of the Rugby World Cup, kicking four penalties to overtake Scotland's Gavin Hastings in a quarter-final against Australia.

In a 2008 Six Nations Championship match against Italy, Wilkinson became the first English player (and third overall) to score  Test points.
He is also the world record drop goal scorer in international rugby with a total of 36. In March 2008, he became the highest international point-scorer, overtaking Neil Jenkins of Wales. In September 2008 he was injured again, ending his 2008-09 Guinness Premiership season.

In July 2009 he was recalled into the England Elite Squad for the first time since the 2008 Six Nations Championship and was confirmed in the squad for the 2009 Autumn internationals after a successful run of games with Toulon. Wilkinson was then selected to tour Australia with the elite squad but was not selected as first choice fly half, nevertheless Wilkinson landed the winning points in the second test between England and Australia. Injury forced him to miss out on the 2010 autumn internationals, in the process losing his position as the all-time leading points scorer in test rugby to Dan Carter. However, Wilkinson reclaimed the record during the 2011 Six Nations Championship, a tournament during which he came off the bench in each of England's five games. He again lost the record to Carter in July 2011. On 12 December 2011, he announced his retirement from Test Rugby.

Toulon
In May 2009 Wilkinson agreed to join French club Toulon on a two-year contract, leaving Newcastle after 12 years.

In April 2013 Wilkinson played the full 80 minutes in Toulon's Heineken Cup Quarter-Final, scoring all 21 points against Leicester Tigers. Wilkinson then landed 7 penalties and a drop goal to defeat Owen Farrell's Saracens.
In May 2013 he scored 11 points as Toulon won the 2013 Heineken Cup Final by 16–15 against Clermont Auvergne. Wilkinson finished as the ERC European Player of the Year for the 2013 tournament, having not missed a single place kick in the knockouts with 17 from 17 attempts and finished with 56 points in the knockouts alone and 108 points in the entire tournament.

On 24 May 2014, he led Toulon to a decisive 23–6 win against Saracens in the 2014 Heineken Cup Final. He scored 13 points in the game. One week later on 31 May 2014, he led Toulon once again to another win in a final, this time the Top 14 Final against Castres in which Toulon won 18–10.  Wilkinson kicked 15 points. This was the last match of his career. After the final whistle, supporters from both clubs sang "God Save the Queen" in tribute to him.

Wikinson's contribution to Toulon's success, as well as his historic strengths, increased experience and very high kicking success rate, included his leadership role within a superstar and multi-cultural team;
"One of the reasons the team is so successful is because it's driven by him. He's the leader and he puts in more work than anyone but he's incredibly humble. It's a team full of superstars but they can't let their egos get the better of them because Jonny's in charge. He's the most famous and the most talented but also the most grounded. In his team talks he speaks first in perfect French and then repeats it in English."
Wilkinson was the highest paid player in French rugby.

Retirement
In May 2014, Wilkinson announced that he would retire from all rugby at the end of the season.

International records

England won 67 of the 91 games Wilkinson played in. Wilkinson scored a record 29th Test drop goal against France in the 2008 Six Nations Championship. His first converted penalty against Scotland on 8 March 2008, took him 3 points past Wales's Neil Jenkins tally of 1090 Test rugby points. This achievement came due to the IRB (now known as World Rugby) retroactively granting full Test status to the 2005 British & Irish Lions warm-up test against Argentina, in which he scored 20 points, without which he would have remained behind Jenkins on that day. Two more penalties in the second half took his tally to 1099 points.

On 26 February 2011, Wilkinson regained the record for the highest tally of International points, overtaking Dan Carter of New Zealand by scoring a penalty against France in a Six Nations match at Twickenham. Carter then reclaimed the record on 30 July 2011 in the second 2011 Tri Nations Series match against South Africa. Wilkinson passed Ronan O'Gara (522) to regain the overall points record total of 526 in the 2010 Six Nations Championship, on 13 March 2010. Wilkinson holds the Rugby World Cup points record with 277 and is the only player to score points in two Rugby World Cup Finals.

As of 2015, Wilkinson had made more tackles in world cups than any other back.

Honours
In 2002, Wilkinson was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). In the 2004 New Year Honours, he was promoted to Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE). In the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) 'for services to Rugby Union'.

On 3 April 2009 at Guildford Cathedral, Wilkinson was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Surrey for services to the sports industry. Wilkinson announced his retirement from the English national squad in early December 2011.

On 17 November 2016, he was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame at the opening ceremony for the Hall's first physical location in Rugby, Warwickshire.

Newcastle Falcons
Premiership: 1997–98
Powergen Cup: 2001, 2004

Toulon
Heineken Cup: 2012–13, 2013–14
Top 14: 2013–14

International
England
Six Nations Championship:
Winner (4): 2000, 2001, 2003, 2011
Grand Slam:
Winner (1): 2003
Triple Crown:
Winner (3): 1998, 2002, 2003
World Cup:
Winner (1): 2003

Statistics

International tries

International analysis by opposition
Correct as of 18 August 2023

Media
Wilkinson wrote a column for The Times occasionally until 2011, often during periods of high media focus on rugby, such as Six Nations tournaments and Rugby World Cups. He has also written five books, which have been published by Headline. The first, Lions and Falcons: My Diary of a Remarkable Year, written with ghostwriter Neil Squires who also helped Wilkinson in a few other books, was published in 2001, and followed a turbulent rugby year for him. The diary documented the England rugby players' strike, the Newcastle Falcons winning the Powergen Cup, the 2001 Six Nations Championship and the British & Irish Lions tour at the end of the year. After helping England win the Rugby World Cup with his last-ditch effort in 2003, he published his second book in 2004. The book, My World, was largely picture-based, with less text than in his previous book. The book focused on his experience of the 2003 World Cup, and how his life had altered following the winning drop goal.

In 2005 How to Play Rugby My Way, which accompanied the BBC series Jonny's Hotshots, was published. It was largely a coaching/instruction manual, with tips and techniques for rugby playing. It also included small insights into Wilkinson's family life and the relationships which have allowed his rugby playing to flourish. Wilkinson's next book, Tackling Life, was published in 2008. This book focuses on how his attitude to life changed after his injury woes, and how he overcame them. His fifth book, Jonny: My Autobiography, was published in 2011.

Since his retirement from playing, Wilkinson has appeared as a studio pundit for Sky Sports and ITV Sport, working on coverage of the Champions Cup, Six Nations Championship, Rugby World Cup and England Internationals.

Coaches and mentors
Steve Black, the Newcastle Falcons' fitness trainer, was particularly influential on Wilkinson's rugby career. Wilkinson has previously stated that he respects Black a great deal, and that Black taught him a lot about "values and ethics".

Wilkinson also worked with kicking coach Dave Alred.

Mental conditioning
Wilkinson has been open about managing the stresses he felt during his playing career.

Personal life
Wilkinson's older brother, Mark, was also a Newcastle player who made 16 appearances in the Premiership for the side between 2002 and 2005, predominantly as a centre. His father, Phil, was a rugby player and cricketer, and his mother, Philippa, played squash at county level.

On 28 October 2013, Wilkinson married his girlfriend of eight years, scaffolding company heiress Shelley Jenkins, in a private ceremony at the town hall of the French resort of Bandol, to the west of Toulon. Only two guests, one of them Wilkinson's mother, were present at the ceremony officiated by Bandol mayor Christian Palix, who said that "both [are] viewed with great respect" in the community.

Fineside
In September 2011, Wilkinson launched Fineside, an online men's fashion label.

No.1 Living
In 2018, Wilkinson founded kombucha company, No.1 Living, after brewing kombucha with his wife at home and discovering the benefits of a "living diet".

Attitudes and philosophy
Wilkinson followed Buddhist principles and teachings to help control his perfectionist tendencies, according to an interview he gave with The Times newspaper in 2009.

Wilkinson seeks to live consciously rather than reactively, and to embrace all the positive aspects of humanity such as acceptance, compassion and a true connection with others.

Diet
Wilkinson is widely known as a teetotaller, but broke that habit after England lost to South Africa in the 2007 Rugby World Cup Final. Wilkinson seeks to eat natural foods, avoiding toxins.

Awards
In December 2005, Wilkinson was awarded an honorary doctorate in Civil Law by Northumbria University.

He was the 2003 BBC Sports Personality of the Year, the 2003 International Rugby Board (IRB) International Player of the Year and the 2013 (ERC) European Player of the Year.

See also
 List of top English points scorers and try scorers
 List of leading rugby union test point scorers

References

Further reading
 Wilkinson, Jonny, (2001, 2002). Lions and Falcons: My Diary of a Remarkable Year, Headline Book Publishing, ()
 Wilkinson, Jonny, (2004). My World, Headline Book Publishing, ()
 Wilkinson, Jonny, (2005). How to Play Rugby My Way, Headline Book Publishing, ()

External links

 Jonny Wilkinson's Official Website
 Jonny Wilkinson's column for The Times
 RC Toulon profile
 Adidas.com profile

 England Rugby profile

1979 births
Living people
BBC Sports Personality of the Year winners
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from England
Converts to Buddhism
England international rugby union players
English expatriate rugby union players
English expatriate sportspeople in France
English rugby union players
English Buddhists
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Newcastle Falcons players
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Lord Wandsworth College
People educated at Pierrepont School, Frensham
People from Frimley
RC Toulon players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union players from Frimley
World Rugby Awards winners
World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees
World Rugby Players of the Year
English diarists
English autobiographers
1999 Rugby World Cup players
2003 Rugby World Cup players
2007 Rugby World Cup players
2011 Rugby World Cup players
English rugby union commentators

Jonny Wilkinson


Amt Achterwehr er et amt i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten. Amtet har administration i byen Achterwehr.

Geografi
Amtet grænser mod nord til Kielerkanalen, mod øst til delstatshovedstaden Kiel, mod syd til amterne Molfsee og Nortorfer Land og mod vest til Amt Eiderkanal.

I amtets område ligger tolv godser, der i historiens løb har været oprindelsen til kommunerne.

Landskabet omkring Westensee hører til det østlige bakkeland. Ud over Westensee, der gennemløbes af Ejderen og er den tredjestørste sø i Slesvig-Holsten ligger i amtet også søerne Ahrensee, Flemhuder See, Poolsee, Bossee og Felder See.

Det højeste punkt er det 88 m høje Tüteberg i kommunen Westensee.

Kommuner i amtet
 Achterwehr
 Bredenbek
 Felde
 Krummwisch
 Melsdorf
 Ottendorf
 Quarnbek
 Westensee

Historie
Amt Achterwehr bestod oprindeligt af kommunerne Achterwehr, Felde, Melsdorf, Ottendorf og Quarnbek. I 1970 dannede de sammen med kommunerne Bredenbek og Krummwisch fra det tidligere Amt Bovenau og kommunen Westensee fra det tidligere Amt Westensee det nuværende Amt Achterwehr. Amtets areal blev udvidet i 1976 med dele af den tidlige kommune Deutsch-Nienhof, der blev lagt sammen med Westensee.

Seværdigheder
I kommunen Krummwisch ligger en mere end 200 år gammel, fuldstændig restaureret Ejderkanalsluse. Forgængeren for Kielerkanalen, den gamle Ejderkanal, er mange steder bevaret i den oprindelige løb.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Amt Achterwehr
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Achterwehr

Amt Achterwehr