Doar o răsuflare este un film românesc din 2016 regizat de Monica Lăzurean-Gorgan. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Familia Sicrea.

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Doar o răsuflare


ويليام غودوين  (وُلد 3 مارس عام 1756 وتوفي 7 أبريل عام 1836)، كان ويليام صحفيًا انكليزيًا وروائيا وفيلسوفًا سياسيًا. ويعتبر واحدًا من أول الدعاة للنفعية وأول مؤيد في عصره لفلسفة اللاسلطوية.

يشتهر غودوين بكتابين قام بنشرهما في غضون عام واحد: الأول بعنوان (تحقيق حول العدالة السياسية) حيث يهاجم من خلاله المؤسسات السياسية، والكتاب الثاني بعنوان (الأشياء كما هي، أو مغامرات كالب ويليامز)، وهي رواية غامضة تهاجم الامتياز الأرستقراطي. ونتيجة لنجاحه في كلى الروايتين، ظهر جودوين بشكل بارز أمام المجتمعات المتطرفة في لندن في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر.

كتب غودوين كتبًا كثيرة من الروايات وكتب التاريخ والدراسات الإحصائية للسكان خلال حياته.

تمت مهاجمة غودوين نتيجة لرد فعله المعارض للتطرف البريطاني، هُوجِمَ جزئيًا بسبب زواجه من الكاتبة الرائدة المدافعة عن حقوق النساء ماري ولستونكرافت في عام 1797 والسيرة الذاتية الصريحة التي كتبها عن زوجته بعد وفاتها جراء الولادة. كتبت ابنتهما التي عرفت فيما بعد باسم ماري شيلي رواية فرانكنشتاين وتزوجت الشاعر بيرسي بايش شيلي.

أنشأ غودوين مكتبة للأطفال مع زوجته الثانية ماري جين كليرمونت، مما سمح للعائلة بكتابة أعمالهم الخاصة بالأطفال وترجمة ونشر العديد من الكتب الأخرى، كان بعض هذه الكتب ذو أهمية دائمة. كان لغودوين تأثير كبير على الأدب البريطاني والثقافة الأدبية.

الطفولة والتعليم
وُلد غودوين في ويسبك في كامبردجتشير، والداه هما جون وآن غودوين. كانت عائلة غودوين من الطبقة المتوسطة. التزم والدا غودوين بأحد أشكال المذهب الكالفيني المتعصب. كان غودوين سابع أطفالهم الثلاثة عشر.

انحدرَت والدة غودوين من عائلة ثرية ولكن تم تبديد ثروة العائلة بسبب طيش عمها. لحسن حظهم كان والدها تاجرًا ناجحًا في تجارة بحر البلطيق.

توفي والد جودوين شابًّا، كان وزيرًا في الكنيسة البروتستانتية في غيستوي في نورفولك، ولم يكن أبدًا مصدر إلهام للحب أو الندم لدى ابنه. وعلى الرغم من الاختلافات الواسعة في الرأي بين وليام غودوين ووالدته فإن مشاعر الوفاء كانت دائمًا موجودة بينهما حتى وفاتها في سن متقدم.

تلقى وليام غودوين تعليمه في أكاديمية هوكستون، حيث درس تحت اشراف أندرو كيبس وهو كاتب السيرة الذاتية، والدكتور أبراهام ريس من الموسوعة العالمية للعلم والفن.

أصبح في سن الحادية عشرة التلميذ الوحيد لصموئيل نيوتن الذي يتبع المذهب الكالفيني بشكل متطرف وصارم، والذي أيضا كان سانديمانيًا (تلميذ روبرت ساندمان).

قد وصف غودوين نيوتن لاحقًا بأنه (أحد أشهر رواد الإصلاح في دول الشمال، والذي قام بإعداد خطة لإدانة 99% من أتباع كالفن بالعقاب الإلهي الأبدي بعد أن قام كالفن بإدانة 99% من البشر).

ثم عمل وزيرا في مدن وير وستوماركت وبيكونزفيلد.عندما كان في مدينة وير عُرضت عليه تعاليم الفلاسفة الفرنسيين من قبل صديقه جوزيف فوسيت، والذي كان يتمتع بآراء سياسية تؤيد الجمهوريّة بقوة.

جاء غودوين إلى لندن عام 1782 ليعيد إحياء المجتمع بقلمه، وكان متحمسًا بشكل كبير، وكان حينها لا يزال وزيرًا بشكل اسمي. لم يتراجع قط عن استنتاجاته المبدئية التي وضعها. تبنى مبادئ موسوعة العلم والفن، وكان هدفه هو الإطاحة الكاملة بكل المؤسسات السياسية والاجتماعية والدينية القائمة. ورغم ذلك كان يعتقد أن النقاش الهادئ هو الشيء الوحيد الذي يحتاجه لإنجاز كل هذه التغييرات، وأوقف منذ بداية مسيرته وحتى نهايتها كل منهج يحث على العنف.

أولى كتاباته

كان أول أعماله المنشورة هو كتاب حياة اللورد تشاتام عام 1783.

نشر باسمه أيضًا كتاب مقتطفات تاريخية عام 1784 والذي يتألف من ست مواعظ على شخصيات آرون وحزائيل ويسوع، والتي تفترض فيها شخصية القصة أن الله نفسه لا يحق له أن يكون طاغية، وذلك على الرغم من أنه كتبها بشخصيات كالفينية أرثوذكسية (أصبح غودوين ملحدًا فيما بعد).

بترشيح من قبل أندرو كيبيس، بدأ غودوين في الكتابة عام 1785 لمجلة السجل السنوي الجديد وغيرها من المجلات الدورية، وأنتج أيضا ثلاث روايات تعدُّ منسية الآن. كانت مساهماته الرئيسية في مجلة السجل السنوي هي مقتطفات من التاريخ الإنجليزي كان يكتبها سنويًا، والتي تمثل ملخصات سنوية للشؤون السياسية الداخلية والخارجية. انضم إلى نادي يدعى الثورة، وتوافق كثيرًا مع اللورد ستانهوب وهورن توك وهولكروفت

زواجه الأول من ماري ولستونكرافت

التقى غودوين اللقاء الأول مع ماري ولستونكرافت في منزل الناشر المشترك لهما. كان جوزيف جونسون يستضيف مأدبة عشاء لأحد مؤلفيه وهو توماس باين، ولاحظ غودوين بعد ذلك بسنوات أنه سمع القليل جدًا من باين والكثير من ولستونكرافت في ذلك المساء. لم يرها مرة أخرى لعدة سنوات. انتقلت ولستونكرافت في هذه الأثناء للعيش في فرنسا لتشهد الثورة الفرنسية بنفسها، كان لديها طفلة اسمها فاني إملاي، وزوجها المغامر الأمريكي جيلبرت إملاي. سافرت ولستونكرافت إلى اسكندنافيا تلبية لظروف عمل زوجها جيلبرت إملاي، ونشرت بعد ذلك بوقت قصير كتابًا يتحدث عن رحلتها. قرأ غودوين الكتاب، وكتب في وقت لاحق قائلا: (إذا كان يوجد أي كتاب يجعل القارئ يقع في حب مؤلفه، يبدو لي أن هذا هو الكتاب).

عندما التقى غودوين وولستونكرافت في 1796 مرة أخرى، تطور الاحترام المتبادل بينهما في وقت قصير إلى صداقة وثم انجذاب جنسي ومحبة. عندما أصبحت ولستونكرافت حاملاً، قررا الزواج لكي يكون طفلهما شرعيًا. كشف زواجهم حقيقة أن ولستونكرافت لم تكن متزوجة من إملاي، ونتيجة لذلك خسرت هي وجودوين العديد من الأصدقاء. تلقى غودوين المزيد من الانتقادات لأنه دعا إلى إلغاء الزواج من العدالة السياسية. بعد زواجهما في سانت بانكراس في 29 آذار 1797، انتقلوا للعيش في منزلين متجاورين في بلدة سومرز حتى يتمكنوا من الاحتفاظ باستقلالهم. كانوا في كثير من الأحيان يتواصلون بملاحظات ورقية ينقلها الخدم بينهما.

زواج غودوين الثاني ونشر الكتب
في عام 1801 تزوج غودوين من جارته ماري جين كليرمونت. أحضرت اثنين من أطفالها السابقين للعيش في المنزل، هما تشارلز وكلير. كتب الصحفي هنري نويل برايلسفورد عنها في عام 1913: (كانت امرأة شعبية وعلمانية، رقيقة جدًا، وتميل إلى التباهي بجهلها الكامل بالفلسفة). في النهاية تعلمت فاني العيش مع كليرمونت، أما علاقة ماري مع زوجة أبيها كانت متوترة. وكتبت ماري: (بالنسبة للسيدة غودوين، أشعر بشيء مشابه جدًا للاشمئزاز كلما ذكرتها، إنها امرأة أرتجف جرّاء التفكير بها).

في عام 1805، أقام الزوجين متجرًا ودارًا للنشر باسم مكتبة الأطفال، وهو أمر هام في تاريخ أدب الأطفال. كتب غودوين من خلال ذلك كتابات الأطفال حول التاريخ التوراتي والكلاسيكي، وكتب باستخدام الاسم المستعار إدوارد بالدوين مجموعة متنوعة من كتب الأطفال، بما في ذلك نسخة من كتاب جاك وشجرة الفاصولياء، وسيرة ذاتية للفنان الأيرلندي ويليام ميليدي، حيث أوضح غودوين أعمال ويليام للأطفال.

حافظوا على روابط عائلية حية، نشروا أول كتاب من تأليف مارغريت كنغ (سُمّيت السيدة ماونت كاشيل فيما بعد)، والتي كانت التلميذة المفضلة بالنسبة لماري وولستونكرافت.

أعادوا نشر بعض الأعمال التي لم تنشر سوى مرة واحدة، مثل قصة تشارلز وماري لامب للكاتب شكسبير. كما قامت مكتبة الأطفال بالترجمة كتاب أوروبيين. تمت ترجمة الطبعة الإنجليزية الأولى من عائلة روبينسون السويسرية (تُرجِمَت من اللغة الفرنسية وليس الألمانية) وحُرّرت من قبلهم. كان هذا العمل هو الدعامة الأساسية لهم لعقود من الزمن.

الأطفال
كان غودوين مسؤولاً عن عائلة مكونة من خمسة أطفال، لم يكن لأي منهم نفس الوالدين. وعلى الرغم من أنه قام بتربيتهم مع زوجته الثانية، كان شبح زوجته الأولى ماري ولستونكرافت يحوم حول العائلة، يتضح ذلك من رسم جون أوبي والذي يجسد فيه ماري حيث أولى غودوين هذا الرسم اهتمامًا كبيرًا في دراسته.

سنوات حياته الأخيرة وموته
مُنح غودوين منصبًا فخريًا ومكتبًا في البرلمان البريطاني. والذي سمح له بالإقامة في قصر وستمنستر مكان اقامة البرلمانيين.

توقع جودوين بعد عدة سنوات الدعم المالي والمعنوي من ابنته. وكان اثنان من الأطفال الخمسة الذين قام بتربيتهم قد توفيا قبله، ويعيش اثنان آخران في الخارج. استجابت ماري لتوقعاته وكانت تهتم به حتى توفي في عام 1836. وقد دفن بجوار ماري ولستونكرافت في فناء كنيسة سانت بانكراس، حيث كانا قد تزوجا. عاشت زوجته الثانية ثم توفت ودفنت هناك في النهاية. الثلاثة يتشاركون نفس الضريح.

في ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر تم نقل ولستونكرافت وبقايا غودوين إلى بورنموث إلى مقبرة عائلة شيلي.

الأعمال والأفكار

كتاب التحقيق في العدالة السياسية
في عام 1793 وبينما كانت الثورة الفرنسية في أوجها، نشر غودوين عمله العظيم في العلوم السياسية، التحقيق في العدالة السياسية وتأثيره على الفضيلة والسعادة العامة. كان الجزء الأول من هذا الكتاب إلى حد كبير خلاصة لكتاب البروفيسور إدموند بيرك (تبرئة المجتمع الطبيعي) وهو نقد لاسلطوي للدولة. ما تبقى من الكتاب هو رؤية جودوين الإيجابية حول كيف يمكن لمجتمع لاسلطوي (أو سلطوي بشكل خفيف) أن يعمل.

كان كتاب العدل السياسي مؤثرًا للغاية في زمنه: فبعد كتابات بيرك وباين كان جودوين هو الكاتب الأكثر شعبية لدى الثورة الفرنسية. كان كثيرون ينظرون إلى عمل غودوين على أنه ينير طريقًا وسطية بعيدًا عن التطرف العنيف لدى بيرك وباين.

قال رئيس الوزراء وليام بيت علنًا أنه لا حاجة لفرض رقابة على الكتاب، لأنه وبسعر أكثر من 1 جنيه استرليني آنذاك كان مكلفًا جدًا بالنسبة للبريطاني العادي لشرائه. ومع ذلك، كما كان سائدًا في ذلك الوقت، فإن العديد من الجمعيات نشرت كتاب العدل السياسي إما بمشاركته أو قراءته للأعضاء الأميين. في نهاية المطاف تم بيع أكثر من 4000 نسخة وجلب شهرة أدبية كبيرة إلى غودوين.

الكتابة السياسية
كتب غودوين نقدًا لاذعًا وسريعًا ردًا على محاكمة بعض زملائه البريطانيين من مناصري حركة اليعقوبين الثورية بتهمة الخيانة ومن بينهم توماس هولكروفت، كان احتجاجه على التهمة التي أوردها اللورد آيير رئيس القضاة إلى هيئة المحلفين الكبرى في 2 تشرين أول عام 1794، حيث عارض بقوة أن مفهوم الادعاء (الخيانة البناءة) سمح للقاضي بتفسير أي سلوك على أنه خيانة.

مهد النقد الطريق لانتصار كبير لليعاقبة اغلبه كان معنوي، كما تمت تبرئتهم.

الأعمال الرئيسية
 التحقيق في العدالة السياسية وتأثيرها على الفضيلة والسعادة العامة. عام 1793.
 الأشياء كما هي أو مغامرات كاليب ويليامز. عام 1794.
 المستفسر. عام 1797. مراجعة عام 1823.
 مذكرات كاتب عن إثبات حقوق المرأة. عام 1798.
 سانت ليون. عام 1799.
 الخشب الطافي. عام 1805.
 ماندفيل. عام 1817.
 تاريخ الأمة. بين عامي 1824 و1828.
 قصة كلوديسلي. عام 1830.
 أفكار حول الإنسان، طبيعته، إنتاجاته، اكتشافاته، تتخللها بعض التفاصيل التي تمثل الكاتب. عام 1831.
 ديلورين. عام 1833.
 حياة المشعوذين. عام 1834.

المراجع

روابط خارجية

إنجليز مسيحيون سابقون
روائيون إنجليز
روائيون إنجليز في القرن 18
روائيون إنجليز في القرن 19
عواقبيون
فلاسفة التنوير
فلاسفة القرن 18
فلاسفة القرن 19
فلاسفة إنجليز في القرن 18
فلاسفة إنجليز في القرن 19
فلاسفة بريطانيون
فلاسفة بريطانيون في القرن 18
فلاسفة بريطانيون في القرن 19
فلاسفة سياسيون إنجليز
فلاسفة ملحدون
كتب فلسفية
كتاب ذكور إنجليز في القرن 18
كتاب ذكور إنجليز في القرن 19
كتاب ذكور بريطانيون في القرن 19
كتاب سياسة إنجليز
كتاب غير روائيين إنجليز في القرن 18
كتاب غير روائيين إنجليز في القرن 19
كتاب غير روائيين ذكور إنجليز
كتاب في القرن 18
لاسلطويون إنجليز
لاسلطويون فردانيون
ليبرتاريون إنجليز
ماديون
ملحدون إنجليز
ملحدون في القرن 18
ملحدون في القرن 19
منظرون لاسلطويون
مواليد 1756
ناشرون إنجليز
نفعيون
وفيات 1836
وفيات في لندن

ويليام غودوين


Youpwé est un quartier et le port de pêche de la commune d'arrondissement de Douala II, subdivision de la Communauté urbaine de Douala.

Géographie
Le quartier est situé sur les rives de la crique du docteur ouvrant sur l'estuaire du fleuve Wouri au sud de l'ancien aéroport et du quartier de Bonadouma.

Population
La population du quartier recensée en 2005, atteint .

Cultes
La paroisse catholique de Saint-Ignace-d'Antioche de Youpwé relève de la doyenné Wouri I de l'Archidiocèse de Douala.
 Presbyterian Church de Youpwé
 Mosquée de Youpwé

Économie
Le port de pêche artisanale de Youpwé est le principal centre d'approvisionnement la ville de Douala et sa région en une diversité de poissons frais, soles, brochets, carpes, silures, capitaines. Le marché aux poissons constitue un centre d'activités et de commerce. Le marché est un point de départ du poisson fumé vers les autres marchés du Cameroun.

Sports
Le quartier abrite le centre équestre de l'Association équestre de Douala. Le port de plaisance du Yachting club de Douala compte une cinquantaine de bateaux et un club de pêche sportive.

Références

Quartier de Douala

Youpwé


The Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (; SBT ; "Brazilian Television System") is a Brazilian television network founded on Wednesday, 19 August 1981, by the businessman and television personality Silvio Santos. The company was established after a public tender by the Brazilian Federal Government to form two new networks, created from revoked concessions of the defunct Tupi and Excelsior networks. The SBT was founded on the same day that the concession agreement was signed, and that the act was broadcast live by the network, so that this was his first program aired. Before acquiring the concessions of the four station that were to form the SBT, Grupo Silvio Santos had since 1976 the concession of Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as TVS Rio de Janeiro (now SBT Rio), which was a fundamental step to give life to the SBT.

In April 2018, the SBT was the second-most watched television network in Brazil, behind Globo. Throughout its existence, the network always occupied the space in the audience ranking, except between 2007 and 2014, when the Record network took its place. The SBT has a total of 114 broadcast television stations (O&Os and affiliates) throughout the Brazilian territory, and is also available through pay television operators (cable and satellite), free-to-air signal on satellite receivers and also through streaming media in their mobile application (Android, iOS and Windows), applications for smart TVs and its website. Also on their website, its programming is available in video on demand for free, also available from the video-sharing site YouTube since 2010. In March 2017, the 43 channels of the SBT on YouTube accumulated 20 million subscribers and 70 billion minutes watched.

The SBT broadcasts their programming a wide variety of television genres, whereas its own material generally stand adjacent to the entertainment. Foreign programming, mainly the telenovelas produced by the networks owned by the Mexican conglomerate Televisa, are part of their program schedule. It is the only commercial television broadcaster in Brazil which airs children's programming, even arranging a partnership with The Walt Disney Company, in which the company provides two hours of daily programming for the network. The network also possess times for the television news, producing in all three daily newscasts, a weekly news program and a weekly newscast.

The network owns the CDT da Anhanguera, a television complex located at the kilometer 18 of the Rodovia Anhanguera, in Osasco, São Paulo, occupying an area of 231 thousand square meters. This is the third largest television complex in size installed in Latin America, being smaller only that the studios of TV Azteca, in Mexico, and the Estúdios Globo.

History

Before the SBT
Rede Tupi, the channel 4 in São Paulo, began operations in 1950. In 1962 (when he began his first TV program), Silvio Santos produced his own programs on Tupi, TV Paulista and on Rede Globo beginning in 1965. Soon enough, he started plans to have his own television channel. His production company, Estudios Silvio Santos Cinema e Televisao, was successful on Tupi, Globo and (since 1972) on RecordTV (where he then owned half of the company's stock).

In 1976, with help from humorist and friend Manoel de Nóbrega (who had a show on Rede Globo and was part of Bau de Felicidade), Santos obtained a license for his own station: Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as "TV Studios" or "TVS". Soon after its launch, its flagship program (Programa Silvio Santos on Sundays) plus the late night Silvio Santos Diferente on weekdays began to be broadcast (Santos left Globo the same year). Other programs soon began, as the network gained support from city residents who sought an alternative to Globo, Tupi, Bandeirantes and TV Rio (the city's network, related to TV Record along with TVS). The new channel debuted on 14 May 1976, with a logo of a gold circle with the number 11 slanted in gold, which featured in the first Scanimate idents and promos for the channel - making it a pioneer station in the country when it came to computer animation. While during its early years the network studios were based in Rio, all program production for TVS transferred to São Paulo in 1978–79.

When Rede Tupi went out of business in 1980, Santos obtained three stations from the network: the São Paulo's channel 4, the Porto Alegre's channel 5 and the Belém's channel 5. The SBT was created, launching on 19 August 1981, but using the TVS name until 1990 for some of its stations. Until the formation of the SBT, the Silvio Santos Group also had a station named TVS in Nova Friburgo, serving viewers in the northern and western parts of the state, this was also its first branch station, having opened in 1979.

In 1978, Minas Gerais' TV Alterosa became one of the SBT's broadcast-affiliate networks, the first affiliate station for the channel. Some later affiliates were adopted from Rede Tupi after its closure on 18 July 1980, by order of Brazilian Minister of Communications Haroldo de Matos, who the following year would order SBT to begin transmissions. When Tupi closed, Programa Silvio Santos moved to Record but continued simulcasting Sundays on the TVS Channels 11 and 3, as well as on yet another SS Group station - Channel 9, purchased from TV Continental.  Santos began the network's expansion efforts, convincing stations to become the SBT and Record affiliates. The official launch of the network on 19 August 1981, also marked the debut of its first presentation package using its famous circle logo (similar to the one used till today by the American Broadcasting Company) and dual branding (the SBT being the official name of the network while TVS being the station branding in its three founding stations), and it was the only network launch to be held in Brasilia and broadcast directly from the federal capital city. The first idents were similar to ABC's Still the One idents of 1979, used by the Nine Network in Australia in 1980.

The Matos decision also gave the network the Sumare studios of Tupi for drama production. By the time of the 1981 launch the SBT had 18 affiliate channels nationwide.

1980s

During the 1980s, the SBT established itself, contracting popular hosts and airing a mix of its own and Televisa programming (especially Mexican telenovelas and comedy shows such as El Chavo del Ocho and El Chapulín Colorado). It climbed to second place in the Brazilian ratings (except in Rio de Janeiro, where Rede Manchete occupied that position). Moreover, it hosted the Brazilian version of Bozo for kids plus even let ex-Tupi program presenters bring their shows over to the fledgling network.

The SBT, together with Record (under the SBT/Record pool) broadcast the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, two years before its 1986 FIFA World Cup coverage.

1985 would see the SBT score a historic victory with the broadcast of the Australian miniseries The Thorn Birds, and TVS Channel 4 São Paulo became SBT Channel 4 São Paulo, thus becoming a truly national network with the introduction of satellite broadcasts.

In March 1986, the network premiered its new talk show, Hebe, with Hebe Camargo as host; the show was formerly on Rede Tupi and Rede Bandeirantes. It became one of the network's longest-running programs, running for over 24 years; the final show was at the end of 2010, when Camargo ended her contract. She had a spin-off show, Hebe por Elas (Hebe for All), during the early 1990s. The death of Flavio Cavacante, one of the network's pioneer presenters, just days after his 22 May episode of his own program shocked the nation so much that on the day of his funeral the network started transmissions only in the afternoon in his honor.

In 1987, Santos pursued a better-quality program lineup, while trying to attract a larger audience and better advertisers. During that year (in response to the high popularity of Rede Globo's Xou da Xuxa on weekdays), SBT began increasing its child-oriented programming with programs such as Oradukapeta, Show Maravilha and the Do Re Mi series. Nearly all SBT kids' programs had female presenters (different from the format of Xou da Xuxa), because Oradukapeta was hosted by Sergio Mallandro (also a Show de Calorous judge).

The network also launched its slogan "Quem procura, acha aqui", modeled on NBC's three-year "Be There" campaign project from 1983 to 1985. The slogan lasted for three seasons, with a new promo each year. The theme used each year corresponded to NBC's theme for its project:

 1983–1987: NBC's "Be There", with SBT's first installment of "Quem Procura Acha Aqui"
 1984–1988: NBC's first installment of "Let's All Be There", with SBT's second "Quem Procura Acha Aqui"
 1985–1989: NBC's second installment of "Let's All Be There", with SBT's third and final "Quem Procura Acha Aqui"

Even all program adverts were also modeled on the NBC ones, with the 1989-90 edition seeing the program talents saying the day the program will be aired followed by the phrase No SBT (On SBT) with the program time being shown, this style was carried on to 1990.

1987 also was the year that the network began to change its corporate branding from TVS to the SBT, and the 2nd year of its "QPAA" campaign resulted in the logo being relaunched, now with slanted colors on the circle (similar to ABC's 1987-88 logo and its "Something's Happening on ABC" campaign).

Humorist Jô Soares was brought in from TV Globo in 1988, introducing a late-night talk program to Brazilian TV with his 11:30 PM show entitled Jô Soares Onze e Meia. Also signed was Boris Casoy, who became the first news anchor in Brazil with his TJ Brasil newscast (which succeeded Noticentro, the network's first newscast with Antonio Casale) and ex-Balão Mágico member Simony.

In 1988, Santos prevented host "Gugu" Liberato from signing with Globo after Liberato hosted the SBT's big weekend hit Viva a Noite since 1986. This was widely seen as indicative that Gugu would be Santos' successor on Sunday afternoons, reinforced by the extended timeslot of Gugu's future program Domingo Legal. As a result, Programa Sílvio Santos adopted the dual-presenter format, with Gugu hosting segments such as the Brazilian version of Double Dare, called Passa ou Repassa (known for its "Torta na Cara" segment) and Cidade contra Cidade.

1990s
The TVS brand was merged into the SBT brand in 1990; the name change was seen in a new campaign ad modeled on NBC's "Come Home to NBC" campaign of 1986–87, which premiered early that year, and in August on TV station identifications celebrating SBT's ninth year of broadcasts (that year, Silvio Santos sold Record as a national network) and it also broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. 1991 saw the beginning of its newscast Aqui Agora and Serginho Groisman's Programa Livre variety show, just a few of the many successes for the year even as the network's São Paulo studios suffered damages due to massive floods that hit the city. In 1992, the SBT and Rede Globo (together with Manchete, Band, and SporTV) jointly broadcast the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics (together with Manchete, Record, Band, SporTV, and ESPN) nationwide, with a grand advertising campaign for the Brazil national team. Despite problems and even the transfer of talents to other stations (such as the then resurgent Rede Record), the 90s proved to be a boom for the network, beginning its second decade with 74 affiliates, bigger when it signed on.

The SBT invested in its own telenovelas and remakes of successful ones from foreign networks (most notably Chiquititas), variety programs, news and current affairs, and broadcast rights for sporting events (including the Copa Mercosur, Copa do Brasil and Champ Car). It signed host Carlos "Ratinho" Massa in 1998, obtained more Mexican productions and launched game shows (such as Show do Milhão) in 1999. By the end of the decade the SBT held second place in the Brazilian ratings, after Globo, strengthed by a brand new and technologically advanced television complex, the CDT da Anhanguera, inaugurated in 1996, just in time for its 15th anniversary.

Ad campaigns

American and Australian imports
The 1990s were the SBT's most fruitful decade for American-style ad campaigns:
 1987–1990: NBC's second installment of "Come Home to NBC",  with "Vem Que é Bom" with the graphics of 1988's "Come Home to the Best, Only on NBC"
 1986–1991: NBC's first year of "Come Home", with "10 anos com você" (the 10th-anniversary slogan)
 1990–1991 and 1993–94: CBS's second year of "Get Ready for CBS" with "Se liga no SBT". On 20 January 1991, the Australian Network Ten launched "That's Entertainment" to coincide with a logo change, using in-house music and similar graphics
 1989–1992 and 1995: ABC's first year of "America's Watching ABC" became "Fique ligado no SBT". In 1992 Ten launched "This Is It" with its promo based on the music from "America's Watching", in a different key with different instrumentation and vocals.

Domestic campaigns
 In 1992, the one-minute spot "Aqui Tem" was launched for network-wide use. The promo featured an in-house soundtrack (with similarities to NBC's "Come Home to the Best, Only on NBC" campaign of 1988–89) and graphic elements from NBC's 1991 campaign, "The Place to Be".
 In August 1996 the SBT launched a new logo (replacing its multicoloured stripes with solid colours) and relaunched "QPAA" with a new slogan, "Tudo Pra Você", for its 15th anniversary.
 In 1997, the SBT made its new graphics based on ABC's 1996 campaign, Watched by More People.
 In 1998, the network released "A cara do Brasil", with new graphics and soundtrack.
 In 1999 the network produced "Na nossa frente, so você", with new graphics and music. The 64-second promo was used on-air for the first time in 2000; the slogan was used until 2004 with two songs composed for this. The 1st campaign spot (1999-2000) mirrored the Nine Network's 1997 promo spots but with an original soundtrack.

2000s
The SBT began the decade investing in movies, broadcasting a package of Disney (now affiliated with TV Globo) and Time Warner productions (the latter promoted in a one-hour network block). In 2001, the controversial reality show Casa dos Artistas, accused by many of being a copy of Endemol's Big Brother, marked the first time SBT led the Sunday-night ratings, aside from its Domingo Legal program becoming no.1 in the Sunday afternoon ratings.

Since 2003, with the ratings advances of RecordTV and Rede Bandeirantes, the SBT's ratings have declined. Two events that year marked the beginning of its problems:
 Early in the year Silvio Santos gave an interview with the TV-gossip magazine Contigo!, in which he stated that he was ill and had sold the SBT. Later, he claimed that this was intended as a joke.
 The "Gugu-PCC scandal": On September 7 Domingo Legal aired an interview with alleged members of the criminal group PCC, threatening the deputy mayor of São Paulo and the hosts of police reality programs on the competing TV Record and Rede TV! networks. Later, it was discovered that this was a hoax; the program was suspended for a week, its audience never recovered and Gugu Liberato (its host, once seen as Santos' successor) never regained his credibility.

Since then the SBT has aired the successful Rebelde and shows with child host Maisa Silva, who became popular; however, programs could change without previous announcement (even hosts were sometimes out of the loop), confusing the audience. In 2006 SBT celebrated its 25th anniversary in a deepening crisis.

The SBT is the second-largest network in the country, vying for leadership with Rede Record. The CDT da Anhanguera is the second-largest television-production center in Brazil, behind Projac (owned by Rede Globo). Over 5,000 employees work around the clock at the SBT's 110 TV stations.
In 2008 the network lost second place in the ratings to Record, but tied for second place the following year.
In 2009 Liberato moved to Record after more than 20 years with the SBT; at the same time, the SBT signed presenters Roberto Justus and Eliana from Record. It also appeared on SKY Brasil, the last of the five major Brazilian networks to do so.

Recent programs include What's Your Talent, a local combination of Britain's Got Talent and Show de Calouros (created and hosted by Silvio Santos during the 1970s); a Brazilian version of 1 vs. 100; an annual telethon, which raised R$19 million in 2009; Kyle XY; the reality show Solitary; Smallville, Grey's Anatomy and De Frente with Gabi, a talk show featuring journalist Marilia Gabriela.

TV Alagoas left the network in September 2009 and to broadcast religious programs, and SBT executive director William Stoliar sued to ensure the network's availability there. It returned to the SBT on June 1, 2010, due to viewer pressure and late rent payments by religious programs.

In February 2014 the Communist Party of Brazil sends to the Federal Government a questioning, for which he cut around 75 million dollars in advertising the broadcaster, because of criticism that the journalist Rachel Sheherazade makes against the Government.

2020s
While the network at large suffered from the effects of the COVID pandemic in the country, it found a renewed calling in sports. One after the other, the network pursued new sporting investments when it snagged the broadcasting rights for the Campeonato Carioca 2020 grand final, followed by a renewed commitment to the Copa Liberatores for the 2020–22 period. In 2021, left and right came contracts after contracts for sports broadcasts with SBT getting the nod as broadcaster to the 2021 Copa America, and a number of arena football and futsal events - a first in network history as SBT marked its 40th anniversary. Buoyed by the sporting successes against the competition the network revived its sports newscasts: Arena SBT, which originally premiered in 2014, returned in 2020, followed by the launch the following year of SBT Sports.

Stations

SBT staff

Hosts

 Silvio Santos
 Arlindo Grund
 Arnaldo Saccomani
 Beto Marden
 Boris Feldman
 Carlos Alberto de Nóbrega
 Carlos Miranda
 Celso Portiolli
 Christina Rocha
 Cris Poli
 Cyz Zamorano
 Danilo Gentili
 David Brazil
 Diogo Lafiandre
 Eliana
 Emilio Camanzi
 Helen Ganzarolli
 Isabella Fiorentino
 Lígia Mendes
 Luís Ricardo
 Lusca Pacheco
 Maísa Silva
 Marcos Conceição
 Marília Gabriela
 Michelle Cavalcanti
 Mônica Veloso
 Nelson Nakamura
 Patrícia Abravanel
 Patrícia Salvador
 Priscilla Alcântara
 Ratinho
 Richard Rasmussen
 Ruy Varella
 Thomas Roth
 Yudi Tamashiro
 Zé Américo
 Raul Gil
 Gustavo Sibilio Borges

Reporters

 Analice Nicolau
 Carlos Nascimento
 Carolina Aguaiadas
 Cynthia Benini
 Hermano Henning
 Joyce Ribeiro
 Karyn Bravo
 Neila Medeiros
 Patrícia Vasconcellos
 Rachel Sheherazade
 Roberto Cabrini

Artists

 Alexandre Porpetone
 Ana Carolina Lima
 Andréa de Nóbrega
 Bananinha
 Bruno Gradim
 Buiú
 Carla Marins
 Carlinhos Aguiar
 Carlos Dias
 Clarisse Abujamra
 Cláudio Lins
 Clayton Silva
 Daniel Uemura
 Durão
 Edu Martins
 Edney Giovenazzi
 Ênio Vivona
 Erom Cordeiro
 Etty Fraser
 Giovane
 Gisele Fraga
 Greta Antoine
 Helena Xavier
 João Acaiabe
 Joana Limaverde
 Jorge Loredo
 Jussara Freire
 Lígia Fagundes
 Lívia Andrade
 Lucélia Santos
 Lucia Alves
 Luciana Vendramini
 Magela
 Maria Cláudia
 Márcia Kaplun
 Maurício Manfrini
 Moacyr Franco
 Mônica Carvalho
 Mila Ribeiro
 Nany People
 Nilton Bicudo
 Oscar Pardini
 Otávio Mendes
 Patrícia de Jesus
 Paulo Pioli
 Rapadura
 Renata Ricci
 Renata Takahashi
 Rêne Loureiro
 René Vanorden
 Roberto Arduim
 Rony Rios
 Rubens Caribé
 Saulo Laranjeira
 Tainá Müller
 Thaís Pacholek
 Toni Garrido
 Tuca Laranjeira
 Velson D'Souza

Writers

 Anamaria Nunes
 Ecila Pedroso
 Íris Abravanel
 Jacqueline Vargas
 Renata Dias Gomes
 Ronaldo Ciambroni
 Solange Castro Neves
 Tiago Santiago
 Vicente Sesso
 Yoya Wursch
 Miguel Paiva

Directors

 Aldrin Mazzei (Esquadrão da Moda)
 Ariel Jacobowitz (Hebe)
 Célia Trevisan (Show do Milhão)
 Del Rangel (General Director for Drama)
 Juliana Soares (Bom Dia e Cia and Carrossel Animado)
 Leonor Corrêa (Eliana (SBT))
 Marcos Ramos (Você se Lembra?)
 Marlene Matos (Show da Gente)
 Melissa Ribeiro (Casos de Família)
 Michael Utksin (Teleton and Nada Além da Verdade)
 Ocimar de Castro (Qual é o Seu Talento?) (auditions)
 Paulo Franco (Um Contra Cem)
 Paulo Nicolau National Director for Journalism, SBT News Directorate
 Rafael Belo (Casos de Família)
 Ricardo Mantoanelli (Qual é o Seu Talento?)
 Ricardo Perez (Super Nanny and 10 Anos Mais Jovem)
 Roberto Manzoni (Domingo Legal)
 Silvia Abravanel (Sábado Animado and Domingo Animado)
 Walter Scaramuzzi (Programa do Ratinho and Teleton)
 Gustavo Sibilio Borges (Gustavo no mundo da Imaginaçao)

Programs

History of programming
The SBT has most of its schedule dedicated to programming for children and pre-teens, and it is a popular network with young audiences. In 1998 it ran the longest children's programming block in Brazilian TV history with TV Cultura, from Sessão Desenho (a cartoon block) at 7:00 AM (after the morning newscast) until 9:00 PM (when the children's telenovela Chiquititas ended). The SBT promoted the 14-hour block as "SBT Kids".

While most TV stations in Brazil depend on domestic productions, the SBT relies on imports (mainly from Mexico and the US). Since 1984, El Chavo del Ocho (shown in Brazil as Chaves) is one of the station's most popular programs. The network had until 2014 an agreement with Warner Brothers, giving it an exclusivity deal for its sitcoms, dramas and films.

Mexican telenovelas have been a staple on the SBT, reaching their peak during the early 1990s with the child-oriented Carrusel, La usurpadora, El Privilegio de Amar and Luz Clarita and the popular "María trilogy" (María Mercedes, Marimar and María la del Barrio). Compared to subdued Brazilian telenovelas, Mexican soaps are considered tacky and exaggerated.

Other 1990s hits included Domingo Legal (Cool Sunday) (a Sunday variety show which was the SBT's highest-rated program, surpassing TV Globo), and the network was the most popular channel in Brazil for hours at a stretch. Domingo Legal was criticized for its sensationalism, and its ratings began to fall after the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) scandal (see below); the show often ranks second in the ratings. Other popular programs included Programa do Ratinho (Ratinho's Show, with a similar format to The Jerry Springer Show), Show do Milhão (The Million Show, similar to Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?), Topa Tudo por Dinheiro (Variety show large audience that was aired on Sunday night between 1991 and 2001), Fantasia (Entertainment program where people could play games by phoning the program in order to earn money), and the Brazilian version of the Argentinean soap opera Chiquititas, popular with children.

For over 20 years the SBT held second place in the Brazilian television ratings (behind Rede Globo), but in February 2007 it was outpaced by Rede Record for the first time in São Paulo. However, after a period of resurgence which started in 2011, SBT successfully overtook Record for second place in June 2014.

Since their 1990s peak in popularity, Mexican telenovelas have been steadily declining in the ratings; the last popular Mexican soap operas were Carita de Ángel in the early 2000s and Rebelde in 2006. In 2001, SBT began remaking Mexican soaps with Brazilian actors. The first soaps (Picara Sonhadora and Marisol) did fairly well in the ratings; however, later soaps (Cristal, Os Ricos Também Choram and Maria Esperança, a version of the popular Maria Mercedes) were less popular.

In addition to Mexican soaps and their remakes, the channel also airs cartoons mornings and programs such as Ídolos (a Brazilian version of American Idol which later moved to TV Record), a Brazilian version of Supernanny,  a version of Deal or No Deal (presented by Silvio Santos, who also presents many network programs), talent shows and a dating show. The network also airs movies and A Praça é Nossa (a long-running, popular comedy program).

Soap operas

 Pensão da Inocência (1982)
 Destino (1982)
 A Força do Amor (1982)
 A Leoa (1982)
 Conflito (1982–1983)
 Sombras do Passado  (1983)
 Acorrentada (1983)
 A Ponte do Amor (1983)
 A Justiça de Deus (1983)
 Pecado de Amor (1983)
 Razão de Viver (1983)
 Anjo Maldito (1983)
 Vida Roubada (1983–1984)
 Meus Filhos, Minha Vida (1984–1985)
 Jerônimo (1984–1985)
 Joana (1984–1985)
 Jogo do Amor (1985)
 Uma Esperança no Ar (1985–1986)
 Cortina de Vidro (1989–1990)
 Brasileiras e Brasileiros (1990–1991)
 Alô, Doçura! (1990–1991)
 Grande Pai (1991–1992)
 A Justiça dos Homens (1993)
 Éramos Seis (1994)
 As Pupilas do Senhor Reitor (1994–1995)
 Sangue do Meu Sangue (1995–1996)
 Razão de Viver (1996)
 Colégio Brasil (1996)
 Antônio Alves, Taxista (1996)
 Brava Gente (1996–1997)
 Dona Anja (1996–1997)
 Os Ossos do Barão (1997)
 Chiquititas (1997–2001)
 Fascinação (1998)
 Teleteatro (1998–1999)
 Pérola Negra (1998–1999)
 O Direito de Nascer (2001)
 Pícara Sonhadora (2001)
 Amor e Ódio (2001–2002)
 Marisol (2002)
 Pequena Travessa (2002–2003)
 Jamais te Esquecerei (2003)
Canavial de Paixões (2003–2004)
 Seus Olhos (2004)
 Esmeralda (2004–2005)
 Os Ricos Também Choram (2005)
 Cristal (2006)
 Maria Esperança (2007)
 Amigas & Rivais (2007–2008)
 Revelação (2008–2009)
 Vende-se um Véu de Noiva (2009)
 Uma Rosa com Amor (2010)
 Amor e Revolução (2011)
 Corações Feridos (2012)
 Carrossel (2012-2013)
 Chiquititas (2013-2015)
 Cúmplices de um Resgate (2015-2016)
 Carinha de Anjo (2016-2018)
 As Aventuras de Poliana (2018–2020)
 "Poliana Moça" (2022-2023)
 "A Infância de Romeu e Julieta" (2023)

Reality and game shows
 Bake Off Brasil
 Júnior Bake Off Brasil
 Bake Off Brasil Celebrity
 BBQ Brasil (BBQ Champ)
 Hell's Kitchen: Cozinha sob Pressão
 Roda a Roda Jequiti (Wheel of Fortune)
 Programa Silvio Santos (Takeshi's Castle)
 Passa ou Repassa (Double Dare) - (Domingo Legal)
 Show do Milhão PicPay (Game Show)
 Quem Arrisca Ganha Mais (Game Show) - (Domingo Legal)
 Comprar É Bom, Levar É Melhor (Game Show) - (Domingo Legal)
 Wall Duet Brasil (The Wall Song) - (Ratinho)
 O Melhor (The Winner Is) - (Ratinho)
 Te Devo Essa! Brasil (Property_Brothers)
 Mestres da Sabotagem (Cutthroat Kitchen)
 Ex-Maridos Contra Ex-Mulheres - (future)
 O Mais Fraco Vai Embora (Weakest Link) - (future)
 Hotel dos Artistas (El hotel de los famosos) - (future)
 Famílias Frente a Frente (Family Food Fight)
 Pra Ganhar É Só Rodar
 Fábrica de Casamentos
 Jogo das Fichas
 Nada além de Um Minuto (Minute to Win It)
 Rola ou Enrola? - (Eliana)
 Fenômenos - (Eliana)
 Esquadrão da Moda (What Not to Wear)
 Bomba! (Boom!) - (Programa Silvio Santos)
 Cabelo Pantene - O Reality (2017-2018)
 Qual é o Seu Talento? (What's Your Talent?)
 Caldeirão da Sorte (2016-2017)
 Duelo de Mães (2016-2017)
 Dance se Puder (2016) - (Eliana)
 Máquina da Fama (2013-2017)
 Esse Artista Sou Eu (Your Face Sounds Familiar) (2014)
 Os Paranormais (Psychic Challenge) (2014)
 Festival Sertanejo (2013-2014)
 Menino de Ouro (Football's Next Star) (2013-2014)
 Famoso Quem? (My Name Is) (2013)
 Amigos da Onça (Impractical Jokers) (2013)
 Vamos Brincar de Forca (2012-2013)
 Cante se Puder (Sing If You Can) (2011-2013)
 Se Ela Dança, Eu Danço (So You Think You Can Dance) (2011-2012)
 Esquadrão do Amor (2011-2012)
 Um Milhão na Mesa (The Million Pound Drop) (2011)
 Cantando no SBT (2011)
 SOS Casamento (2011)
 Romance no Escuro (Dating in the Dark) (2010-2011) - (Eliana)
 Solitários (Solitary) (2010)
 Meu Pai é Melhor que Seu Pai (My Dad Is Better Than Your Dad) (2010)
 Topa ou Não Topa (Deal or No Deal) (2006-2011)
 Um Contra Cem (1 vs. 100) (2009-2010)
 Você Se Lembra? (Amne$ia) (2009-2010)
 10 Anos Mais Jovem (10 Years Younger) (2009)
 Identidade Secreta (Identity) (2009)
 Só Falta Esposa (2009)
 Astros (2008-2013)
 Supernanny (2008-2010)
 Nada Além da Verdade (The Moment of Truth) (2008-2010)
 Quem Manda É o Chefe (2008-2009)
 High School Musical: A Seleção (2008)
 Tentação (2007-2009)
 Você É mais Esperto que um Aluno da Quinta Série? (Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?) (2007-2008)
 Quem Perde, Ganha (The Biggest Loser) (2007)
 Vinte e Um (Twenty One) (2007)
 Namoro na TV (The Dating Game) (2007)
 Curtindo com Reais (2007)
 Curtindo com Crianças (2007)
 Você É o Jurado (2007)
 Ídolos (SBT) (Idols) (2006-2007)
 Bailando por um Sonho (2006)
 Family Feud Brasil (Family Feud) (2005-2006)
 Casamento à Moda Antiga (2005-2006)
 O Grande Perdedor (2005)
 O Conquistador do Fim do Mundo (2003)
 Xaveco-Se Rolar...Rolou (Singled Out) (1996-2001-2003-2004)
 Todos contra Um (2002-2005)
 Popstars Brasil (Popstars) (2002-2003)
 Ilha da Sedução (Temptation Island) (2002-2003)
 Sete e Meio (Seven and a half) (2002)
 Curtindo uma Viagem (2001-2002)
 Casa dos Artistas (Protagonistas) (2001-2002-2004)
 Audácia (Greed) (2000)
 Qual É a Música? (The Singing Bee) (1999-2008)
 Qual é a Musica? (Name That Tune) (1999-2005)
 Show do Milhão (Million Show) (1999-2009)
 Gol Show (1997-2002)
 Nações Unidas (1992-1993)
 Cidade contra Cidade (1988-1989)
 Casa dos Segredos (Secret Story) (canceled)
 Cinquenta (50–50) (uncertainty)

References

External links

Television networks in Brazil
Television stations in Brazil
Grupo Silvio Santos
Mass media in Osasco
Television channels and stations established in 1981
Mass media companies established in 1981
1981 establishments in Brazil

Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão


Institut polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris) je fakultet inženjeringa u Francuskoj. Nalazi se u gradu Palaiseau. IP Paris je javna ustanova za visoko obrazovanje i tehnička istraživanja. Istraživanja na IP Paris organizirana su u pet tematskih područja: energija i klima, digitalna tehnologija, sigurnost, tehnologija i zdravlje.

Institut je 15. rujna 2020. zajedno s HEC Paris osnovao istraživački centar za umjetnu inteligenciju Hi! PARIS.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Institut polytechnique de Paris

Visokoškolske ustanove u Francuskoj

Institut polytechnique de Paris


Albert Bouley (* 16. September 1949 in Ravensburg; † 23. April 2013 ebenda) war ein deutscher Koch.

Leben

Albert Bouley war der zweite Sohn des 1945 als Besatzungssoldat nach Ravensburg gelangten französischen Kochs und Metzgers Henri Bouley (1920–1999) und dessen Ehefrau, Veronika Bouley-Dressel (1920–2013), einer Tochter des Ravensburger Waldhorn-Wirts Albert Dressel. Albert Bouley wurde als französischer Staatsbürger geboren und erlangte erst als Jugendlicher die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft.

Nach der Ausbildung ab 1966 in Friedrichshafen ging Bouley 1969 zum Grand Hotel in Mürren, 1970 nach Montreux zum Eden au Lac Montreux und zum Etrier Hotel in Crans-sur-Sierre (Crans-Montana). 1971 schloss er die Hotelfachschule in Berlin als diplomierter Hotelbetriebswirt ab. Er wechselte 1972 zum National Montreux, 1973 erneut zum Etrier Hotel in Crans-sur-Sierre und 1974 zum Excelsior Montreux.

Ab 1975 war Bouley Küchenchef und Mitinhaber des elterlichen Hotels und Restaurants Waldhorn in Ravensburg. 1976 heiratete er die Hotelfachfrau Brigitte Frommlet.

Bouley wurde als Küchenchef des Waldhorns jahrelang mit 17 bis 19 Punkten im Gault-Millau und bis 2005 mit einem Michelinstern ausgezeichnet. In der Rückschau schwärmte noch der Gault Millau 2013 von den Anfängen der von französischen, asiatischen und deutschen Einflüssen inspirierten Fusionsküche Bouleys: "Im schönsten altdeutschen Restaurant der Republik erfand der in Oberschwaben naturalisierte Halbfranzose Albert Bouley das euro-asiatische Küchenwunder in seiner deutschen Ausprägung". Tim Raue nannte Bouley den europäischen Koch, der "als Erster wirklich euro-asiatisch gekocht" hat.

Er übte Einfluss auf zahlreiche junge Köche aus, die im "Waldhorn" ihren Beruf erlernten oder erste Erfahrungen in der Sternegastronomie sammelten. So bezeichnete der Drei-Sterne-Koch Juan Amador das "Waldhorn" als wichtigste Station in seinem Leben. Der Foodstylist und Schriftsteller Stevan Paul war Kochlehrling bei Bouley und verewigte ihn in mehreren Erzählungen.

Die Familie Bouley eröffnete 1991 zusätzlich zum Waldhorn das benachbarte Restaurant Rebleutehaus, das gehobene bürgerliche Küche bot. In seinen letzten Lebensjahren zog sich Bouley zunehmend von der Tätigkeit in der Waldhorn-Küche zurück und übergab die Verantwortung nach und nach an Achim Schoch. Nach Bouleys Tod übernahm Robert Heinzelmann vorübergehend die Küchenleitung im Waldhorn. Kurze Zeit später wurde das Restaurant geschlossen.

Als Mitglied der Altentrommler war Bouley jahrelang am Rutenfest Ravensburg aktiv. Als Hommage an ihn führte das traditionelle Rutentheater 2015 eine freie Adaption des Films Ratatouille auf, in der ein junger schwäbisch-französischer Koch mit der märchenhaften Hilfe von zwei kochkundigen Ratten eine europäisch-asiatische Fusionsküche kreiert.

Auszeichnungen
 1978: 1. Preis Laurent Perrier
 1984: Ehrenurkunde des Bundespräsidenten für ausgezeichnete Leistung
 1987: Aufsteiger des Jahres, Gault-Millau
 1990: Koch des Jahres, Gault Millau

Publikationen
 Aromagaren. Die besten Rezepte für den Schnellkochtopf und das Garen im Aromadampf. Hädecke, Weil der Stadt 1988, ISBN 3-7750-0182-4
 Kochen. Die neue Schule der leichten Küche. Zabert Sandmann, Steinhagen 1989, ISBN 3-924678-12-X (Lizenzausgabe unter dem Titel Kochen – leichte Küche. Seehamer, Weyarn 1996, ISBN 3-929626-60-8)
 Kochen mit Phantasie. Kompositionen am eigenen Herd. 160 Rezepte für Feinschmecker. Heyne, München 1989, ISBN 3-453-03607-7
 Kochkunst. Hädecke, Weil der Stadt 1991, ISBN 3-7750-0216-2
 mit Alfred Klink, Johann Lafer, Harald Wohlfahrt, Andreas Doms: Sterneküche. Profirezepte für zuhause. Hädecke, Weil der Stadt 1992, ISBN 3-7750-0234-0 (Lizenzausgabe: Bechtermünz, Augsburg 2000, ISBN 3-8289-1078-5)
 Feines aus dem Schnellkochtopf. Hädecke, Weil der Stadt 1993, ISBN 3-7750-0239-1

Literatur
 Von großen Ravensburgern. In: Rudi Holzberger (Red.): Ravensburg. Ansichten und Profile. Oberschwäbische Verlags-Anstalt, Ravensburg 1987, ISBN 3-926891-00-9, S. 118 f.
 Wachteln im Computer. Deutschlands Sterne-Köche sind alarmiert: Einer in Oberschwaben kocht ganz anders. In: Der Spiegel, 52/1990.
 Siegfried Kasseckert: Albert Bouley: "Ein Stern genügt mir". In: Schwäbische Zeitung, 11. März 2003.
 Veronika Bouley-Dressel, Jule Bernhardt: Wirtsleut, Feinschmecker und Zechpreller. Geschichten und Geschichte aus dem Waldhorn in Ravensburg. Hotel Waldhorn, Ravensburg 2004, insbesondere S. 132–138.
 Walter Rundel: Die "Kreativitätsmaschine" wird 60. In: Südkurier, 3. September 2009.

Weblinks

 Hotel und Restaurant Waldhorn
 Waldhorn bei gaultmillau.de (Webarchiv 2012)
 Bekannter Hotelier: Waldhorn-Chef Albert Bouley ist gestorben, Schwäbische Zeitung, 25. April 2013 (Webarchiv)
 Stevan Paul: Abschied von Albert Bouley im Blog NutriCulinary, 28. April 2013
 Albert Bouley am Herd im Restaurant Waldhorn in Ravensburg, 1981, Foto von Rupert Leser, Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg

Einzelnachweise

Koch (Deutschland)
Sachbuchautor (Essen und Trinken)
Person (Ravensburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1949
Gestorben 2013
Mann

Albert Bouley


Mankurt, Türk, Altay ve Kırgız efsanelerinde bahsedilen bilinçsiz köledir. Kökeni Orta Asya'ya dayanan bu yönteme ise ''mankurtlaştırma'' denir. Mankurt haline getirilmek istenen kişinin önce başı kazınır, ardından başına ıslak bir deve derisi sarılır ve elleri kolları bağlı bir şekilde Güneş altında bırakılır. Deve derisi kurudukça gerilir. Gerilen deri, başı mengene gibi sıkar ve inanılmaz acılar vererek kişinin aklını yitirmesine neden olur. Böyle bir kişi bilinçsiz ve her istenen şeyi sorgusuzca yapan bir köleye dönüşür.

Ünlü Kırgız yazar Cengiz Aytmatov'un 1980 yılında yazdığı Gün Olur Asra Bedel adlı romanında, Orkun Uçar ve Burak Turna'nın ise birlikte kaleme aldıkları Metal Fırtına 2: Kayıp Naaş adlı eserde Kırgız destanlarından yararlanarak güncelleştirdikleri bir kişiliktir. Mankurt bazı işlemler sonucu öz benliğini yitirerek kendisini kimliksizleştiren ve düşmanının kuklası haline gelmiş olan bir zavallı insan tipidir.

Aytmatov'un "Gün Olur Asra Bedel" adlı eseri pek çok Batı ve Türk diline çevrilip yaygınlaşırken "mankurt" kavramı da kabul görerek literatüre girmiş ve "mankurt" ve "mankurtlaştırma" temaları yaygınlaşmıştır. Fransa'da V. Lackhine tarafından "yılın kitabı" olarak gösterilen Aytmatov'un "Gün Olur Asra Bedel" eserinden yapılan iktibasla "Mankurtizm", ''sosyal kimlik değiştirme ve öz köküne yabancılaşma" temalarını karşılayan bir terim olarak sosyal psikoloji literatüründe yerini almıştır.

Çağdaş Sovyet Kazak şairlerinden Muhtar Şahanov, "Yenilen Galip ya da Cengiz Han'ın Halası" konulu Otrar Manzumesi'nin doğuşunu anlatırken şunları söylemektedir: "Eserimizde kültür tarihimize derin kökler salmanın bizler için pek önemli olduğunu anlatmak istiyordum. Her insanın doğduğu yere sıkı sıkıya bağlı olması gerekir. Bunsuz büyük çaplı yazar olmaz. Köksüz insanlar ortaya çıkınca "mankurtizm" hali olur."

Nasıl mankurt yapılır?
Eski Türk, Kazak ve Kırgız destanlarından edinilen bilgi ve Orta Asya mitlerine göre "mankurt", dönemin Orta Asya halkları arasında çok yaygın bir işkence ve zihin kontrol yöntemiydi.

Bir insanı mankurt yapmak istediklerinde:
 O kişinin kafası (saçları) iyice kazınır.
 Kafasına devenin boyun derisi iyice gerdirilerek geçirilir.
 Kafasında deve derisi bulunan mankurt adayı, sıcak çölde güneş altında birkaç gün bırakılırdı. Bu süre zarfında da ölmemesi için beslenirdi.

Böylece sıcağın etkisiyle deve derisi büzülür ve kafaya iyice yapışır. Deve derisinin artık kafa derisiyle bütünleşmeye başlamasıyla kazınan saçlar da yeniden uzamaya başlar. Fakat deri kafaya o kadar yapışır ki, zaten sert olan deve derisi sıcağın etkisiyle iyice sertleşir ve uzayan saçlar da deriyi delip uzamasına devam edemez. Bu nedenle saçlar, vücudun dışı yönünde değil de kafanın içine doğru uzamaya başlar. Sıcaktan büzüşen deve derisinin kafatasına yaptığı baskı ve kafanın içinde ters yönde uzayan saçların kafatasını delip beyne doğru ilerlemesiyle mankurt adayı büyük acılar çeker. Bu acılara dayanamayan mankurt, bir müddet sonra kuklaya döner. Hafızasını yitirir, anne babasını dahi tanıyamaz. Aklını çalıştırıp düşünemez hale gelir. Bu nedenle sahibi ne söylerse ona itaat eder.

Günümüzde modern işkence ve zihin kontrol yöntemlerinin kullanılması nedeniyle mankurt tekniği geçmişte kalmıştır.

Etimoloji
(Bun/Ban/Man) kökünden türemiştir. Bun sözcüğü akıl yoksunluğunu ifade eder. Moğolca munu/mung (Türkçe: bunu/bung) fiilleri aklını yitirmeyi, munah (Türkçe: bunak) sözcükleri yaşlılık nedeniyle aklını yitirmiş olan kişileri anlatır. Eski Altaycada manu, Tunguz ve Mançu dillerinde mana sözcüğü akıl yitimini ve kullanılamaz hale gelmeyi belirtir. Sözcük, Türkçedeki Mankafa tabiri ile aynı kökten gelir ve benzer anlamlar içerir.

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
2014-2019 yılları arasında TRT 1'de yayınlanan ''Diriliş Ertuğrul'' dizisinin yoğun olarak 1. sezonunda ''mankurt'' kavramına değinilmiştir ve dizideki karakterlerden birisi de (Turgut Alp) mankurtlaştırılmıştır.

Ayrıca Bakınız
Mankurtlaştırma

Kaynakça

Türk mitolojisi
İşkence
Türk tarihi
Orta Asya tarihi

Mankurt


En la geología se llama domo resurgente a una estructura formada por el rellenamiento interior de una caldera volcánica por magma. Al contrario de lo que sucede con un domo de lava los domos resurgentes no se forman por la extrusión de lava sino por el flexionamiento del techo de una cámara magmática.

Ejemplos de domos resurgentes
 Cerro Galán, Argentina
 Caldera de Yellowstone, EE. UU.
 Lago Toba, Indonesia
 Lago Taupo, Nueva Zelandia
 Iwo Jima, Japón
 Caldera La Pacana, Chile

Fuentes
 Volcanic Rocks, Southwestern Colorado, Earth observatory, NASA. Consultado el 10 de octubre de 2011.

Calderas volcánicas

Domo resurgente


Buck Rogers in the 25th Century may refer to various science fiction works featuring the character Buck Rogers, including:

 Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (radio series) (1932-1947)
 Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (film) (1979)
 Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series) (1979–1981)
 Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (comic strip) (originally Buck Rogers in the 25th Century A.D.), a 1979–1983 revival of the original Buck Rogers comic strip

See also
 Buck Rogers (disambiguation)
 Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century

Buck Rogers in the 25th Century


Madeleine Fié-Fieux (født 23. september 1897 iVarennes-Changy, død 28. august 1995 i Clohars-Fouesnant) var en fransk maler.

Faderen Émile-Édouard Fié var tandlæge, på rue de Passy i Paris. Hendes mor overtager forvaltningen af sin onkels apotek, da Madeleine var seks år gammel.

Gik på Molière High School indtil 16-årsalderen, og modtog sin undervisning her, af den slags der blev brugt i de borgerlige familier: klassiske studier, klaverundervisning, sang og tegning. Han noterede sig hendes særlige attraktion til tegning, og hans mor gav hende klasser i passionsbyhuset af fru Parent-Girard.

Malere fra Frankrig

Madeleine Fié-Fieux


Aceasta este o listă alfabetică a personalităților născute în orașul New York:

0-9
 22Gz (n. 1997), rapper.
 50 Cent (n. 1975), raper.

A
 Diahnne Abbott (n. 1945), actriță, cântăreață;
 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (n. 1947), baschetbalist;
 Christina Aguilera (n. 1980), cântăreață, actriță;
 Danny Aiello (n. 1933), actor;
 Alan Alda (n. 1936), actor și scenarist;
 Woody Allen (n. 1935), actor de comedie, regizor;
 Carmelo Anthony (n. 1984), baschetbalist;
 Marc Anthony (n. 1968), compozitor, actor, producător;
 Judd Apatow (n. 1967), producător, regizor, scenarist, actor și comic;
 Fiona Apple (n. 1977), cântăreață;
 Kenneth Arrow (1921 - 2017), economist, laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru economie;
 Jake T. Austin (n. 1994), actor

B
 Barbara Bach (n. 1947), actriță;
 Azealia Banks (n. 1991), cântăreață, compozitoare;
 Joseph Barbera (1911 - 2006), regizor, scenarist și producător de filme de desene animate;
 Tony Bennett (n. 1926), cântăreț de jazz;
 Bob Beamon (n. 1946), atlet;
 Milton Berle (1908 - 2002), actor;
 Craig Bierko (n. 1964), actor, cântăreț;
 Humphrey Bogart (1899 - 1957), actor;
 Patrick Breen (n. 1960), actor;
 Abigail Breslin (n. 1996), actriță, cântăreață;
 Matthew Broderick (n. 1962), actor;
 Mel Brooks (n. 1926), regizor, actor, scenarist și producător de film;
 George Burns (1896 - 1996), actor;
 Steve Buscemi (n. 1957), actor, scenarist, regizor.

C
 James Caan (n. 1940), actor;
 James Cagney (1899 - 1986), actor;
 Dan Calichman (n. 1968), fotbalist;
 Maria Callas (1923 - 1977), soprană;
 Al Capone (1899 - 1947), renumit gangster;
 Nestor Carbonell (n. 1967), actor;
 George Carlin (1937 - 2008), actor de comedie, scriitor;
 John Carlos (n. 1945), atlet;
 Eric Carr (1950 - 1991), muzician instrumentist;
 Big Cass (n. 1986), wrestler profesionist;
 John Cassavetes (1929 - 1989), regizor, scenarist;
 Jeff Chandler (1918 - 1961), actor;
 Chevy Chase (n. 1943), actor;
 Nancy Chodorow (n. 1944), sociolog;
 Lady Randolph Churchill (1854 - 1921), mama lui Winston Churchill;
 Cree Cicchino (n. 2002), actriță;
 Sean Combs (n. 1969), rapper, actor, producător;
 Glen Cook (n. 1944), scriitor;
 Robin Cook (n. 1940), scriitor;
 Leon Neil Cooper (n. 1930), fizician, Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 Aaron Copland (1900 - 1990), compozitor;
 Ann Coulter (n. 1961), comentatoare conservatoare, autoare, cronicar și avocată;
 Billy Crystal (n. 1948), actor, producător de film, regizor;
 George Cukor (1899 - 1983), regizor;
 Macaulay Culkin (n. 1980), actor;
 Tony Curtis (1925 - 2010), actor.

D
 Alexandra Daddario (n. 1986), actriță, fotomodel;
  (n. 1987), actor;
  (n. 1951), actor;
 Bobby Darin (1936 - 1973), cântăreț, compozitor și actor;
 Larry David (n. 1947), actor de comedie, producător TV;
 Sammy Davis Jr. (1925 - 1990), actor, comediant;
 Rosario Dawson (n. 1979), actriță;
 Bill de Blasio (n. 1961), primar al orașului New York;
 Robert De Niro (n. 1943), actor, dublu câștigător al Premiului Oscar;
 Éamon de Valera (1882 - 1975), om politic irlandez, unul dintre conducătorii luptei pentru independența națională a Irlandei;
 Lana Del Rey (n. 1985), cântăreață, compozitoare;
 Vin Diesel (n. 1967), actor, regizor, producător;
 Kirk Douglas (n. 1916), actor, regizor, producător;
 Robert Downey, Jr. (n. 1965), actor, producător;
 Fran Drescher (n. 1957), actriță;
 Julia Louis-Dreyfus (n. 1961), actriță, prezentatoare TV;
 Richard Dreyfuss (n. 1947), actor;
 James Drury (1934 - 2020), actor;
 David Duchovny (n. 1960), actor;
 Claudia Durastanti (n. 1984), scriitoare italiană.

E
 Jesse Eisenberg (n. 1983), actor;
 Ansel Elgort (n. 1994), actor, DJ;
 Duke Ellington (1899 - 1974), compozitor, pianist;
 Nora Ephron (1941 - 2012), scriitoare și producătoare de film.

F
 Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. (1909 - 2000), actor;
 Peter Falk (1927 - 2011), actor;
 Richard Feynman (1918 - 1988), fizician; Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 Hamilton Fish (1808 - 1893), politician;
 Jane Fonda (n. 1937), actriță, scriitoare;
 Peter Fonda (n. 1940), actor, scenarist, producător;
 Milton Friedman (1912 - 2006), economist, Premiul Nobel pentru Economie;
 John Frusciante (n. 1970), instrumentist, producător de muzică.

G
 Art Garfunkel (n. 1941), cântăreț, actor;
 Henry Garson (1912 - 2003), scenarist, dramaturg;
 Lou Gehrig (1903 - 1941), jucător de baseball;
 Sarah Michelle Gellar (n. 1977), actriță;
 Murray Gell-Mann (1929 - 2019), fizician, Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 George Gershwin (1898 - 1937), compozitor;
 Ira Gershwin (1896 - 1983), textier, fratele lui George Gershwin;
 Mel Gibson (n. 1956), actor;
 Vitas Gerulaitis (1954 - 1994), jucător de tenis;
 Sheldon Lee Glashow (n. 1932), fizician, Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 Roy Jay Glauber (1925 - 2018), fizician, Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 Jackie Gleason (1916 - 1987), comediant, actor și muzician;
 Whoopi Goldberg (n. 1955), comedie, cântăreață, compozitoare, deținătoare a Premiului Emmy;
 Daniel Goldin (n. 1940), administrator NASA;
 Herbert Goldstein (1922 - 2005), fizician;
 Topher Grace (n. 1978), actor;
 Rocky Graziano (1919 - 1990), boxer;
 Alan Greenspan (n. 1926), economist;
 Melanie Griffith (n. 1957), actriță;
 Steve Guttenberg (n. 1958), actor, regizor, om de afaceri;
 Maggie Gyllenhaal (n. 1977), actriță.

H
 Marvin Hamlisch (1944 - 2012), compozitor, dirijor;
 Natasha Hastings (n. 1986), atletă;
 Anne Hathaway (n. 1982), actriță;
 Curt Hawkins (n. 1985), wrestler;
 Susan Hayward (1917 - 1975), actriță;
 Rita Hayworth (1918 - 1987), actriță;
 Joseph Heller (1923 - 1999), scriitor;
 Lance Henriksen (n. 1940), actor;
 Bernard Herrmann (1911 - 1975), compozitor;
 Paris Hilton (n. 1981), fotomodel, actriță, moștenitoare a imperiului financiar Hilton;
 Gregory Hines (1946 - 2003), actor, dansator, cântăreț;
 Judd Hirsch (n. 1935), actor.

I
 Washington Irving (1783 - 1859), scriitor.

J
 Henry James (1843 - 1916), scriitor, critic literar;
 William James (1842 - 1910), psiholog, fratele lui Henry James;
 John Jay (1745 - 1829), politician, om de stat, jurist;
 Jay-Z (n. 1969), rapper;
 Billy Joel (n. 1949), muzician, pianist, cântăreț și compozitor;
 Scarlett Johansson (n. 1984), actriță;
 Boris Johnson (n. 1964), politician, jurnalist britanic;
 Norah Jones (n. 1979), cântăreață;
 Michael Jordan (n. 1963), baschetbalist, om de afaceri.

K
 Andy Kaufman (1949 - 1984), actor;
 Danny Kaye (1911 - 1987), actor;
 Harvey Keitel (n. 1939), actor;
 George Kennedy (1925 - 2016), actor;
 Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (1929 - 1994), editor, soția președintelui Kennedy și apoi a lui Aristotel Onassis;
 Alicia Keys (n. 1981), cântăreață, actriță, textieră și pianistă;
 Jimmy Kimmel (n. 1967), actor de comedie;
 Calvin Klein (n. 1942), creator de modă, om de afaceri;
 Edward Koch (1924 - 2013), avocat, politician;
 Yaphet Kotto (1939 - 2021), actor;
 Lenny Kravitz (n. 1964), cântăreț, compozitor;
 Stanley Kubrick (1928 - 1999), regizor, scenarist și producător de film.

L
 Fiorello La Guardia (1882 - 1945), fost primar al orașului;
 Lady Gaga (n. 1986), cântăreață;
 Veronica Lake (1922 - 1973), actriță;
 Jake LaMotta (1922 - 2017), boxer;
 Burt Lancaster (1913 - 1994), actor, laureat Oscar;
 Martin Landau (1928 - 2017), actor;
 Diane Lane (n. 1965), actriță;
 Cyndi Lauper (n. 1953), cântăreață, compozitoare, actriță;
 Madeleine L'Engle (1918 - 2007), scriitoare;
 Melissa Leo (n. 1960), actriță, laureată Oscar;
 Leonore de Suedia (n. 2014), copil al prințesei Madeleine a Suediei;
 Alan Jay Lerner (1918 - 1986), textier, libretist;
 Roy Lichtenstein (1923 - 1997), pictor, sculptor;
 Lil' Kim (n. 1974), rapperiță;
 Deborah Lipstadt (n. 1947), istoric;
 Peggy Lipton (n. 1946), actriță;
 Lucy Liu (n. 1968), actriță;
 Robert Loggia (1930 - 2015), actor, regizor;
 Lindsay Lohan (n. 1986), actriță, cântăreață, producătoare și fotomodel;
 Jennifer López (n. 1969), actriță, cântăreață;
 Julia Louis-Dreyfus (n. 1961), actriță, prezentatoare TV;
 Lucky Luciano (1897 - 1962), gangster.

M
 Sarah J. Maas (n. 1986), scriitoare;
 Rose Marie (1923 - 2017), actriță;
 Lee Marvin (1924 - 1987), actor;
 Chico Marx (1887 - 1961), actor de comedie, unul din frații Marx;
 Groucho Marx 1890 - 1977), actor de comedie, unul din frații Marx;
 Gummo Marx 1892/1893? - 1977), actor de comedie, unul din frații Marx;
 Harpo Marx 1888 - 1964), actor de comedie, unul din frații Marx;
 Zeppo Marx 1901 - 1979), actor de comedie, unul din frații Marx;
 James Maslow (n. 1990), actor,  cântăreț, model și dansator;
 Walter Matthau (1920 - 2000), actor;
 Christopher McDonald (n. 1955), actor;
 Herman Melville (1819 - 1891), scriitor;
 Yehudi Menuhin (1916 - 1999), violonist, dirijor;
 Ethel Merman (1908 - 1984), actriță;
 Dina Meyer (m. 1968), actriță;
 Lea Michele (n. 1986), actriță, cântăreață;
 Alyssa Milano (n. 1972), actriță;
 Arthur Miller (1915 - 2005), scriitor, laureat al Premiului Pulitzer;
 Harvey Milk (1930 - 1978), politician;
 Mary Tyler Moore (1936 - 2017), actriță;
 Zero Mostel (1915 - 1977), actor;
 Richard Mulligan (1932 - 2000), actor;
 Charlie Murphy (1959 - 2017), actor de comedie;
 Eddie Murphy (n. 1961), actor, regizor, producător, cântăreț.

N
 Dominic Napolitano (1930 - 1981), gangster;
 Janet Napolitano (n. 1957), om politic;
 Nas (n. 1973), rapper, antreprenor;
 Casey Neistat (n. 1981), regizor, vlogger;
 Sam Newfield (1889 - 1964), regizor;
 Harry Nilsson (1941 - 1994), compozitor, cântăreț, pianist, chitarist;
 Cynthia Nixon (n. 1966), actriță;
 The Notorious B.I.G. (1972 - 1997), rapper.

O
 Jerry O'Connell (n. 1974), actor;
 Eugene O'Neill (1888 - 1953), dramaturg, laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură;
 George Oppenheimer (1900 - 1977), scenarist, dramaturg, jurnalist;
 Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967), fizician, laureat al Premiului "Enrico Fermi".

P

 Al Pacino (n. 1940), actor;
 James Patterson (n. 1947), scriitor;
 Sarah Paulson (n. 1974), actriță;
 Amanda Peet (n. 1972), actriță;
 Robert Pine (n. 1941), actor;
 Ted Post (1918 - 2013), regizor;
 Colin Powell (n. 1937), politician, om de stat;
 Priscilla Presley (n. 1945), actriță, fotomodel;
 Mario Puzo (1920 - 1999), scenarist, câștigător a două premii Oscar.

R
 Raekwon (n. 1970), rapper;
 David Rayfiel (1923 - 2011), scenarist;
 Lou Reed (1942 - 2013), muzician;
 Christopher Reeve (1952 - 2004), actor;
 Carl Reiner (n. 1922), actor de comedie;
 Rob Reiner (n. 1947), actor, regizor, producător;
 Paul Reiser (n. 1957), actor, scriitor;
 Bebe Rexha (n. 1989), cântăreață;
 Terry Richardson (n. 1965), fotograf pentru campanii publicitare;
 Burton Richter (n. 1931), fizician, Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 Thelma Ritter (1902 - 1969), actriță;
 Joan Rivers (1933 - 2014), actriță de comedie;
 Chris Rock (n. 1965), actor, scenarist, regizor;
 Norman Rockwell (1894 - 1978), desenator, pictor;
 Ray Romano (n. 1957), actor;
 Saoirse Ronan (n. 1994), actriță;
 Mickey Rooney (1920 - 2014), actor, două Premii Oscar;
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 - 1945), președinte al SUA;
 Eleanor Roosevelt (1884 - 1962), soția președintelui Franklin Delano Roosevelt;
 Theodore Roosevelt (1858 - 1919), președinte al SUA;
 Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg  (1915 - 1953), spion în favoarea URSS;
 Julius Rosenberg (1918 - 1953), spion în favoarea URSS, soțul lui Ethel Rosenberg;
 Emmy Rossum (n. 1986), cântăreață;
 Veronica Roth (n. 1988), scriitoare;
 Mercedes Ruehl (n. 1948), actriță.

S
 Carl Sagan (1934 - 1996), astronom;
 J. D. Salinger (1919 - 2010), scriitor;
 Jonas Salk (1914 - 1995), medic, creatorul vaccinului contra poliomielitei;
 Bernie Sanders (n. 1941), politician, senator;
 Adam Sandler (n. 1966), actor, comediant, muzician, scenarist și producător de film;
 Vincent Schiavelli (n. 1948), actor;
 Julian Schnabel (n. 1951), artist, producător de film;
 Amy Schumer (n. 1981), actriță, comediantă, scenaristă, producătoare și regizoare;
 Martin Scorsese (n. 1942), regizor și producător de film;
 Jerry Seinfeld (n. 1954), actor, scenograf, producător de film;
 Maurice Sendak (n. 1928), scriitor, ilustrator de literatură;
 Tupac Shakur (1971 - 1996), rapper; cele mai multe vânzări de albume din lume;
 Artie Shaw (1910 - 2004), muzician, regizor, compozitor;
 Brooke Shields (n. 1965), actriță;
 Bugsy Siegel (1906 - 1947), gangster;
 Robert Silverberg (n. 1935), scriitor;
 Neil Simon (n. 1927), dramaturg, scenarist;
 Aaron Sorkin (n. 1961), scenarist, producător de film, scriitor;
 Mickey Spillane (1918 - 2006), autor romane polițiste;
 Sylvester Stallone (n. 1946), actor, regizor, scenarist;
 Barbara Stanwyck (1907 - 1990), actriță;
 Peter Steele (1962 - 2010), muzician;
 Jon Stewart (n. 1962), actor, producător de televiziune;
 Julia Stiles (n. 1981), actriță;
 Ben Stiller (n. 1965), actor, comediant, regizor, producător și scenarist;
 Henry L. Stimson (1867 - 1950), politician;
 Oliver Stone (n. 1946), regizor;
 Susan Strasberg (1938 - 1999), actriță;
 Barbra Streisand (n. 1942), cântăreață, actriță, regizoare și producătoare de film, laureată a două Oscar;
 Meryl Streep (n. 1949), actriță;
 Ed Sullivan (1901 - 1974), prezentator, jurnalist sportiv.

T
 Irving Thalberg (1899 - 1936), producător de film;
 Gene Tierney (1920 - 1991), actriță;
 Marisa Tomei (n. 1964), actriță;
 Donald Trump (n. 1946), politician, președinte al SUA;
 Donald Trump Jr. (n. 1977), om de afaceri, fiul lui Donald Trump;
 Eric Trump (n. 1984), om de afaceri, personalitate TV;
 Fred Trump (1905 - 1999), dezvoltator imobiliar și filantrop;
 Ivanka Trump (n. 1981), fotomodel, fiica lui Donald Trump;
 Richard Tucker (1913 - 1975), tenor de operă și  cantor;
 John Turturro (n. 1957), actor, scenarist și regizor;
 Liv Tyler (n. 1977), actriță;
 Steven Tyler (n. 1948), muzician, compozitor;
 Mike Tyson (n. 1966), pugilist;
 Neil deGrasse Tyson (n. 1958), astrofizician.

U
 The Ultimate Warrior (1959 - 2014), wrestler.

V
 Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794 - 1877), om de afaceri, filantrop;
 Luther Vandross (1951 - 2005), cântăreț, textier și producător;
 Robert Vaughn (1932 - 2016), actor.

W
 Christopher Walken (n. 1943), actor;
 Eli Wallach (1915 - 2014), actor;
 Kerry Washington (n. 1977), actriță;
 Marlon Wayans (n. 1972), actor, producător, umorist;
 Sigourney Weaver (n. 1949), actriță;
 Steven Weinberg (n. 1933), fizician, Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică;
 Mae West (1893 - 1980), actriță;
 Edith Wharton (1862 - 1937), scriitoare, trei nominalizări la Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură;
 Joss Whedon (n. 1964), producător de film, regizor, scenarist, compozitor;
 Maggie Wheeler (n. 1961), actriță;
 Kristen Wiig (n. 1973), actriță;
 Vanessa Lynn Williams (n. 1963), actriță, cântăreață;
 Reno Wilson (n. 1970), actor.

Y
 Tony Yayo (n. 1978), rapper.

Z

Alte persoane legate de orașul New York
 Jason Alexander (n. 1959), actor;
 Jennifer Aniston (n. 1969), actriță, femeie de afaceri;
 Chester Alan Arthur (1829 - 1886), politician, președinte al SUA;
 Isaac Asimov (1920 - 1992), scriitor de science-fiction;
 John Jacob Astor (1763 - 1848), om de afaceri;
 Lucille Ball (1911 - 1989), actriță, producătoare;
 Lloyd Banks (n. 1982), cântăreț hip hop;
 Irving Berlin (1888 - 1989), compozitor;
 Leonard Bernstein (1918 - 1990), dirijor, compozitor;
 Michael Bloomberg (n. 1942), om de afaceri, politician, filantrop;
 David Bowie (1947 - 2016), cântăreț, compozitor;
 Marlon Brando (1924 - 2004), actor, un Premiu Oscar;
 Brandy Norwood (n. 1979), cântăreață, actriță;
 Sid Caesar (1922 - 2014), actor;
 Mariah Carey (n. 1969), cântăreață, actriță;
 Wendy Carlos (n. 1939), compozitoare, muziciană;
 Art Carney (1918 - 2003), actor;
 Enrico Caruso (1873 - 1921), tenor;
 Willa Cather (1873 - 1947), scriitoare;
 Madonna (n. 1958), cântăreață, actriță, producătoare și compozitoare;
 Chelsea Clinton (n. 1980), fiica fostului președinte Bill Clinton;
 Bill Cosby (n. 1937), actor, comediant;
 Tom Cruise (n. 1962), actor, nominalizat Oscar;
 Lorenzo da Ponte (1749 - 1838), libretist de operă;
 Thomas E. Dewey (1902 - 1971), politician;
 Vin Diesel (n. 1967), actor și producător;
 Marlene Dietrich (1901 - 1992), cântăreață germană;
 Frederick Douglass (1818 - 1895), reformator social, scriitor, om de stat;
 Bob Dylan (n. 1941), cântăreț, compozitor;
 Millard Fillmore (1800 - 1874), președinte al SUA;
 Bobby Fischer (1943 - 2008), campion mondial la șah;
 Ella Fitzgerald (1917 - 1996), cântăreață de jazz;
 Steve Forbes (n. 1947), editor, politician;
 Dave Gahan (n. 1962), cântăreț;
 Greta Garbo (1905 - 1990), actriță suedeză;
 Alexander Hamilton (1755/1757? - 1804), politician, om de stat;
 Debbie Harry (n. 1945), cântăreață, actriță;
 O. Henry (1862 - 1910), scriitor;
 Herman Hollerith (1860 - 1929), statistician, inventator;
 Harry Houdini (1874 - 1926), iluzionist;
 Langston Hughes (1902 - 1967), scriitor;
 Janet Jackson (n. 1966), cântăreață, textieră, dansatoare și compozitoare;
 Kevin James (n. 1965), actor de comedie, scenarist;
 Robert F. Kennedy (1925 - 1968), om politic;
 Kiesza (n. 1989), cântăreață, dansatoare;
 Lisa Kudrow (n. 1963), actriță;
 John Layfield (n. 1966), wrestler;
 Heath Ledger (1979 - 2008), actor;
 Amy Lee (n. 1981), cântăreață;
 Spike Lee (n. 1957), actor, scriitor, regizor și producător;
 John Lennon (1940 - 1980), cântăreț, compozitor, unul din fondatorii trupei The Beatles;
 Sidney Lumet (1924 - 2011), regizor;
 Ali MacGraw (n. 1939), actriță;
 Dean Martin (1917 - 1995), actor, cântăreț;
 Ricky Martin (n. 1971), cântăreț;
 Linda McCartney  (1941 - 1998), fotografă și activistă, soția lui Paul McCartney;
 John McEnroe (n. 1959), jucător de tenis;
 Zubin Mehta (n. 1936), dirijor indian;
 Bette Midler (n. 1945), cântăreață, actriță;
 Nicki Minaj (n. 1982), rapperiță, cântăreață și compozitoare;
 Liza Minnelli (n. 1946), actriță, cântăreață și dansatoare, laureată Oscar;
 J. P. Morgan (1837 - 1913), bancher, colecționar de artă;
 Thomas Nast (1840 - 1902), caricaturist;
 Mary-Kate și Ashley Olsen (n. 1986), actrițe gemene;
 Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (1929 - 1994), soția președintelui Kennedy;
 Yoko Ono (n. 1933), artistă și muziciană, soția lui John Lennon;
 Haley Joel Osment (n. 1988), actor;
 Sarah Jessica Parker (n. 1965), actriță, cântăreață, fotomodel, producătoare de film;
 James Patterson (n. 1947), scriitor;
 Itzhak Perlman (n. 1945), violonist, dirijor și pedagog israeliano-american;
 Daniel Radcliffe (n. 1989), actor;
 Ayn Rand (1905 - 1982), scriitoare rusă;
 Tony Randall (1920 - 2004), actor;
 Ryan Reynolds (n. 1976), actor;
 Chris Rock (n. 1965), producător de televiziune, regizor;
 John D. Rockefeller (1839 - 1937), industriaș și filantrop;
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 - 1945), președinte al SUA;
 Babe Ruth (1895 - 1948), jucător de baseball;
 Telly Savalas (1922 - 1994), actor;
 Amy Sedaris (n. 1961), actriță;
 Chloë Sevigny (n. 1974), actriță;
 Paul Simon (n. 1941), cantautor;
 Frank Sinatra (1915 - 1998), cântăreț, actor, crooner;
 Patti Smith (n. 1946), cântăreață, compozitoare, poetă;
 Kevin Spacey (n. 1959), actor, regizor;
 Regina Spektor (n. 1980), cântăreață, pianistă;
 Bruce Springsteen (n. 1949), cântăreț, compozitor;
 Wilhelm Steinitz (1836 - 1900), campion mondial la șah;
 Martha Stewart (n. 1941), femeie de afaceri, scriitoare, personalitate de televiziune;
 Sting (muzician) (n. 1951), muzician;
 Emma Stone (n. 1988), actriță;
 Lee Strasberg (1901 - 1982), actor, regizor;
 Meryl Streep (n. 1949), actriță, multiplu laureată Oscar;
 Daniel Tompkins (1774 - 1825), antreprenor, jurist, congressman, om de stat;
 Melania Trump (n. 1970), designer, soția președintelui Donald Trump;
 Johannes Urzidil (1896 - 1970), scriitor, poet, istoric;
 Martin Van Buren (1782 - 1862), politician, om de stat;
 Jon Voight (n. 1938), actor, laureat Oscar;
 Rufus Wainwright (n. 1973), cântăreț;
 Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987), grafician, fotograf, pictor și realizator de filme ;
 Denzel Washington (n. 1954), actor;
 Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892), poet, eseist, jurnalist, umanist;
 Olivia Wilde (n. 1984), actriță, scenaristă, regizoare, producătoare, fotomodel.

Vezi și
 Listă de oameni din statul New York
 Listă de oameni din Washington, D.C.

New York
Liste de oameni din Statele Unite ale Americii

Listă de personalități născute în orașul New York


Jean Lauffray, né le  à Alençon (Orne) et mort le  à Paris, est un architecte de formation et archéologue français, ayant fouillé au Proche-Orient (Syrie, Liban, Turquie), dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, au Portugal et en Égypte.

Biographie

Enfance et études
Jean Louis Lauffray naît le  à Alençon, dans l'Orne, en France, dans une famille bourgeoise originaire de Normandie. Il s'intéresse très tôt aux arts et au Liban.

En 1936, il est diplômé architecte à l'École des beaux-arts. Il possède également une licence ès lettres à l'Institut d'art et d'archéologie.

Au Proche-Orient

En 1936 et 1937, il fouille à Mari, en Syrie, sous la direction d'André Parrot. Il réalise des relevés du site mésopotamien, notamment les premiers plans du temple aux lions, ainsi qu'une copie de la Peinture de l'Investiture (avant que ses couleurs ne se ternissent). Il dirige également un sondage archéologique à Tell Abu Hassan, au nord de Mari, sur la rive opposée de l'Euphrate.

En 1939, il fouille à Malatya, en Turquie, sous la direction de Louis Delaporte.

Il s'installe un temps à Beyrouth ; il fouille à Byblos et effectue des relevés du forum antique de Béryte.

À partir de 1941, il travaille pour le gouvernement syrien : il participe à la restauration de monuments islamiques à Alep et participe à la fouille de Zénobia-Halabiyé. En , durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il rejoint la France libre au Liban. Vers la fin de la guerre, il devient architecte en chef du service des Antiquités de la République syrienne. Pendant une dizaine d'années, il est conservateur du musée national d'Alep.

De 1945 à 1955, il est présent à Byblos en tant qu'architecte de la mission de Maurice Dunand. Au même moment, il fouille le site du port de Sidon avec le père Poidebard.

Il retourne un temps en Syrie afin de participer à une campagne de sondages sur le site de Tell Khoueira.

Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France
De 1955 à 1961, Jean Lauffray est nommé architecte des bâtiments de France dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques et les Landes et devient conservateur du château de Pau.

Pendant cette période, il fouille plusieurs villas gallo-romaines aquitaines. De 1959 à 1972, il fouille de manière extensive la villa gallo-romaine de Lalonquette (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) : il se concentre particulièrement sur la partie résidentielle du site. Il effectue également plusieurs sondages sur le site de la villa gallo-romaine de Barat-de-Vin (Landes) entre 1957 et 1959, avant d'y pratiquer des fouilles de 1964 à 1966.

En 1963, il dirige le « Bureau d'architecture antique d'Aquitaine » de Pau, du CNRS. Il fouille la tour de Vésone à Périgueux et part également à Conimbriga au Portugal.

En Égypte

Christiane Desroches-Noblecourt l'appelle à Karnak, en Égypte, en 1961, mais il retourne rapidement en France.

Il y retourne de 1967 à 1980, en tant que directeur de recherche du CNRS au sein du centre franco-égyptien d'étude des temples de Karnak, qu'il fonde avec Serge Sauneron : leur mission est d'étudier et de restaurer le site. Pierre Lauffray fait appel à une équipe pluridisciplinaire : des égyptologues, des pétrographes, des archéomètres, des architectes et des tailleurs de pierres.

Durant cette période, il part également en mission à Tôd pour le Louvre.

Retraite
À la retraite, Jean Lauffray publie ses recherches, ainsi que celles de Maurice Dunand à Byblos, inachevées à sa mort en 1987.

Lors de la reconstruction du centre-ville de Beyrouth, il est nommé membre d'une commission scientifique internationale de l'UNESCO, afin de conseiller le gouvernement du Liban sur les fouilles archéologiques de la ville.

Il meurt le  à son domicile, à Paris.

Œuvres

Publications

Ouvrages
 avec .
 avec
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 avec .
 .
 .
 avec .
 avec .

Articles
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 avec .
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Filmographie
 .

Distinctions
Jean Lauffray est officier de la Légion d'honneur et a reçu plusieurs autres distinctions libanaises et européennes.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Archéologue français
Architecte français du XXe siècle
Chercheur au CNRS
Conservateur de musée
Directeur de recherche au CNRS
Personnalité liée à la Syrie
Personnalité liée au Liban
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Naissance en juin 1909
Naissance à Alençon
Décès en mars 2000
Décès dans le 5e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 90 ans

Jean Lauffray


Cumaköy, Sinop ilinin Saraydüzü ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Nefsi Cuma olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Boyabat ilçesi Saraydüzü bucağına bağlıyken, 20 Mayıs 1990'da kurulan Saraydüzü ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 124 km, Saraydüzü ilçe merkezine 8 km uzaklıktadır. Köy yakınlarındaki Değirmenönü mevkiinde bir kaya mezarı bulunur.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Saraydüzü belde ve köyleri

Cumaköy, Saraydüzü


جون كلوبنبورغ (باللاتينية: John S. Kloppenborg) أستاذ دين كندي كتب العديد من الكتب والمقالات في دراسة العهد الجديد. وهو رئيس قسم ومركز دراسة الدين في جامعة تورنتو ومشارك في جماعة Context Group.

قام بأبحاث عن أصول ومصادر الكتابات المسيحية المبكرة بما فيها وثيقة ق التي يعتقد أنها إحدى أول المؤلفات التي ضمت تعليمات يسوع. وقد درّس وكتب عن النسخ المختلفة للنصوص قبل البيبلية عن معنى واستعمالات أمثال يسوع.

نسخة ق النقدية
طبع كتاب نسخة ق النقدية في 2001 وهو من تأليف جيمس روبنسون وبول هوفمان وجون كلوبنبورغ.

يقدم هذا الكتاب الضخم من ثلاثة علماء محررين نسخة تحريرية عن الشكل الأصلي لوثيقة ق وما إذا كانت مكتوبة باليونانية أو الأرامية. والكتاب نتيجة لمشروع Q العالمي (IQP) الذي أطلقته جمعية الأدب الكتابي في 1985 لوضع نسخة نقدية سهلة الوصول للمصدر الذي اعتمد عليه متى ولوقا.

كتبه

 The Sayings Gospel Q in Greek and English with Parallels from the Gospels of Mark and Thomas, Contributions to Biblical Exegesis & Theology vol. 30 with جيمس روبنسون and Paul Hoffmann
 Documenta Q edited by جيمس روبنسون, John S. Kloppenborg, and Paul Hoffmann, with contributions from the International Q Project
 The Tenants in the Vineyard: Ideology, Economics, and Agrarian Conflict in Jewish Palestine (2006)
 Apocalypticism, Antisemitism and the Historical Jesus: Subtexts in Criticism Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series, vol. 275 with John W. Marshall (2005)
 Excavating Q: The History and Setting of the Sayings Gospel (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000)
 The Critical Edition of Q with جيمس روبنسون and Paul Hoffmann (Hermeneia; Minneapolis: Fortress; Leuven: Peeters, 2000)
 Voluntary Associations in the Graeco-Roman World with Stephen Wilson (1996)
 Conflict and Invention (Valley Forge, Pa.: Trinity Press Int'l, 1995)
 The Shape of Q: Signal Essays on the Sayings Gospel (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994)
 Scriptures and Cultural Conversations: Essays for Heinz Guenther at Sixty-five Pp. 211 (1992)
 Early Christianity, Q and Jesus Ed. with Leif E. Vaage Pp. 265 (1991)
 Q-Thomas Reader (1988) with Michael G. Steinhauser, ستيفن باترسون, and Marvin W. Meyer
 Q Parallels: Synopsis, Critical Notes & Concordance (1988)
 The Formation of Q: Trajectories in Ancient Wisdom Collections (Minneapolis, 1987)

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء ندوة يسوع
أكاديميون كنديون
المشكلة السينوبتية
خريجو جامعة تورنتو
علماء الكتاب المقدس
مواليد 1951
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة تورنتو

جون كلوبنبورغ


Logozohè est l'un des quatorze arrondissements de la commune de Savalou dans le département des Collines au centre du Bénin.

Géographie
L'arrondissement de Logozohè est situé au centre du Bénin et compte 6 villages. Il s'agit de :
 Bame
 Honnoukon
 Klougo
 Loukintowin
 Segui
 Sozoume.

Histoire

Démographie
Selon le recensement de la population de  conduit par l'Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE), Logozohè compte 4435 habitants.

Références

Arrondissement au Bénin
Collines

Logozohè


Františkovy Lázně (njem. Franzensbad) je lječilišni grad u okresu Cheb i češkoj pokrajini Karlovarski kraj na krajnjem zapadu Češke. Zajedno s obližnjim gradovima Karlovy Vary i Mariánské Lázně, Františkovy Lázně tvore "Zapadnočeški lječiliši trokut".
Na gradskom području površine od 25,76 km² je 2022. godine živjelo 5.187 stanovnika stanovnika.
Gradsko središte je jako dobro sačuano i od 1992. god. je proglašeno za češki "rezervat urbanih spomenika", a  2021. god. UNESCO je prepoznao važnost ovih toplica i stavio je grad na popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Europi, zajedno s još 10 europskih lječilišnih gradova pod nazivom: Veliki lječilišni gradovi Europe.

Zemljopisne odlike
Františkovy Lázně nalazi se 5 km sjeverno od grada Cheba, istočno od šumskog područja Luženský les ("Komorna šuma") na Slatinskom potoku u Chebskom bazenu. Kroz grad i cijelu općinu protječe potok Slatinný, pritoka rijeke Ohře. Na zapadu općine je rezervat prirode "Amerika" s brojnim ribnjacima u kojemu se nalazi i otok koji je važno mjesto za migraciju ptica selica. Na jugu se uzdiže Komorní hůrka, 503 m visok ugašeni vulkan i spomenik prirode u Češkoj.

Povijest

Još od 14. stoljeća postoje izvješća o ljekovitoj moći izvora na ovom području, kao što je onaj znanstvenika i prirodoslovca, Georgiusa Agricole iz 16. st. U to je vrijeme izvorište u blizini Schlade još pripadalo sedam kilometara udaljenom gradu Egeru (Cheb), pa se stoga zvalo Egerwasser. Barem od prve četvrtine 17. stoljeća Egerwasser se isporučuje u glinenim bocama i bila je to prva ljekovita voda u Češkoj koja se naručivala poštom

Toplice su nastale 1793. godine zalaganjem cara Franje II. Nova ustanova je njemu u čast nazvana je Franzensbad, a jedan od najvažnijih ljekovitih izvora dobio je ime Franzensquelle.

Naselje oko toplica postalo je poznato lječilište i posjećivali su ga mnogi pripadnici europske aristokracije. God. 1827. Christoph Loimann († 1861.), prvi gradonačelnik grada Egera sagradio je prvo općenito dostupno kupalište za siromašnije stanovništvo s 30 kupaonica. Františkovy Lázně, nekadašnja kolonija koja je pripadala gradu Egeru, postala je neovisna općina općinskim zakonom iz 1849. godine. Većina izvora (svi su hladni) kaptirana je tijekom 19. stoljeća, a dvanaest od dvadeset poznatih izvora još uvijek se koristi za lječilište.
Ovo je bilo jedno od prvih mjesta u Europi gdje se prakticirala "blatna kupka" i razvio se u žensko lječilište. Tu je spisateljica Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach anonimno napisala svoje prvo književno djelo, satiru pisama "Iz Franzensbada, šest poslanica bez proroka", koje je objavljeno u Beču 1858. god.

Franzensbad je imao bogatu židovsku zajednicu koja je 1884. god. dala sagraditi sinagogu u neobizantskom stilu s dva tornja i kupolama, te toplice za židove na donjem kraju glavne ulice, na parceli broj 166. Gustav Wiedermann bio je gradonačelnik Františkovy Lázně u relativno kratkom mandatu od 10 godina (1900.-1910.). Ipak, u tolikoj je mjeri utjecao na karakter grada da su ga već njegovi suvremenici prozvali "tvorcem modernih Františkovyh Lázně". Istaknute gradske građevine, zeleni parkovi i brojna spomen obilježja nose njegov potpis, kao i najpoznatija gradska scenografija prostora oko Františkovog vrela s Društvenim domom i novom kolonadom.

Prvi svjetski rat okončao je turizam i Austro-Ugarsko Carstvo 1918. godine, a Franzensbad, preimenovan u Františkovy Lázně, je pripojen novostvorenoj Čehoslovačkoj Saint-germainskim ugovorom 1919. god. Inflacija valute koja je uslijedila 1923., te svjetska gospodarska kriza 1928. god. s masovnom nezaposlenošću, također su negativno utjecali na toplice i njihova slava počela je blijedjeti.

Godine 1938., Münchenskim sporazumom područje Sudeta, uključujući Františkovy Lázně, pripojeno je Nacističkoj Njemačkoj. Sinagogu su 10. studenog 1938. god. Nacisti zapalili i potom srušili, nakon čega su svi židovski stanovnici grada Franzensbada pobjegli ili nestali.

Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata većina njemačkog govornog gradskog stanovništva je protjerana, a njihova imovina je prema unaprijed donesenima Benešovim dekretima konfiscirana. Toplice su ponovno počele s radom osnivanjem nacionalizirane tvrtke "Čehoslovačke državne toplice i izvori" (Československé státní lázně a zřídla) 1947. god. Lječilište od tada intenzivno radi na privlačenju domaćih gostiju i stranih turista s istoka. Poslije Baršunaste revolucije 1989. god. tvrtka Stock je započela obnovu toplica kao mjesta za strane turiste.

Znamenitosti

Gradski krajolik Františkovy Lázně uvelike je oblikovan neoklasicističkim i Belle Époque zgradama habsburškog doba (od kojih je većina sačuvana u Schönbrunn žutoj i štukaturno bijeloj boji), kao i proširenim parkovima i vrtovima s brojnim izvorima i kupalištima.
Lječilište počinje u sjevernom dijelu gradskog parka kod "Stanislavovog izvora", gdje se nalazi spomenik posvećen izumitelju esperantskog jezika, Lazaru Ludvigu Zamenhofu. Ostali povijesni lječilišni objekti Františkovy Lázně protežu se zapadno i jugoistočno od trga Náměsti Míru s monumentalnom fontanom iz 1962. godine, te glazbenim paviljonom i Novim kolonadama s trgovinama koje su zamijenile prethodnu zgradu iz 1912. godine. Ljekoviti izvori i kupališta Františkovy Lázně prostiru se u prostranom parku sa stoljetnim stablima. Na zapadu su kupalište Lázně, izgrađeno 1840., i paviljon Louisenquelle (1827.), nazvan po kćeri Franje II., Marie-Louise od Austrije, koji sadrži drugi najstariji izvor u Franzensbadu, otkriven 1806. god. Središte lječilišta je najstariji izvor u lječilištu, Franzensquelle, natkriven paviljonom s dorskim stupovima (1793.). Kaiserbad, nazvan 1864. god. po najistaknutijem posjetitelju lječilišta, austrougarskom caru Franji Josipu I., izgrađen je na inicijativu liječnika Paula Cartellierija. Na južnom rubu parka nalazi se osmatračnica iz 1906. godine u obliku umjetne ruševine dvorca Salingburg s koje se pruža pogled na lječilište. Na istočnom kraju parka nalazi se spomenik Johannu Wolfgangu von Goetheu, čestom gostu gradskih toplica, te Gradsko kazalište.

Društveni dom (Společenský dům) je dominanta zgrada kompleksa toplica. Sagrađena je 1877. godine u neorenesansnom stilu kao mjesto održavanja kongresa, balova i drugih društvenih događanja, a u zgradi se nalazi i kasino.

"Kazalište Božene Němcove" sagrađeno je 1868. god. Zgrada "Novog kazališta" izgrađena je u neoklasicističkom stilu 1927.–1928., a interijeri su joj uređeni u stilu Art Deco.[15]

Grad ima dva muzeja: Gradski muzej i mali Muzej motocikala i automobila.

Zbratimljeni gradovi

 Bad Soden am Taunus
 Nižnji Tagil

Izvori

Gradovi u Češkoj
Svjetska baština u Češkoj
Veliki lječilišni gradovi Europe

Františkovy Lázně


Veregin is a special service area in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located 50 kilometres northeast of Yorkton, and 10 km to the west of Kamsack.

Veregin was incorporated as a village in 1912 and was named after Veregin Station (built 1908), and misspelled by the railroad when it earlier built Veregin Siding in 1904, named after Peter V. Verigin. The Veregin railway station is served by Via Rail.

History
Veregin owes its existence to the Doukhobors, in the middle of whose 1899 block settlement, known as the South Doukobor Colony its future site happened to be, and the Canadian Northern Railway, whose new line (between Kamsack and Canora) crossed the reserve in 1904. The site of the future village of Veregin — which also happened to be the closest point where the new rail line came to the village of Otradnoye (some 10 km north of Veregin) where the residence and headquarters of the Doukhobor leader, Peter Verigin was at the time — was chosen as the place for the railway station to serve the Doukhobor reserve.

The new station, originally known as Veregin Siding, and since 1908 as Veregin station, was named after Peter Verigin.
(Veregin appears a common spelling variant of the surname Verigin, fairly common among the Doukhobors. In fact, the village name is spelt as Verigin''' on the letterhead of Peter Verigin-led  Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood in the 1920s, and, on occasions, in the report of BC Royal Commission of 1912.)

A new village started to be growing near the Veregin train station. Peter Verigin moved his residence and the headquarters to Veregin from Otradnoye in 1904,. The BC Royal Commission report of 1912 mentions the village (spelt as Verigin'') as the site of what it terms "the head office of the Doukhobor Community".

Veregin soon became an important Doukhobor settlement in the region.  Brickworks, grain elevators, a floor mill were built there.
While the early annual general meetings of the Doukhobor Community continued to take place in the village of Nadezhda, some 10 km to the north of Veregin, Veregin became the site of the annual meetings no later than January 1910.

When the Peter Verigin-led Doukhobor Community was legally incorporated as the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB) in 1917, the headquarters of the organization was based in the village of Veregin as well, even though the majority of the CCUB members had already moved to British Columbia by that time. CCUB headquarters remained in Veregin until its relocation to British Columbia in 1931.

With the bankruptcy of CCUB in 1937–38, the facilities owned by the community were sold or destroyed.

In 1980, the 1917-built Verigin's mansion was restored. In 2006, it and a few other Doukhobor buildings have been designated a National Historic Site of Canada under the name "Doukhobors at Veregin".

Two major fires in the community on January 22 and 29, 2004, threatened the viability of the village. Veregin's status as a village was dissolved on December 31, 2006 when it was absorbed into the surrounding Rural Municipality of Sliding Hills No. 273 as a special service area.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Veregin had a population of 47 living in 28 of its 43 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 45. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

References

Designated places in Saskatchewan
Former villages in Saskatchewan
Special service areas in Saskatchewan
Sliding Hills No. 273, Saskatchewan
Populated places disestablished in 2006
Ethnic enclaves in Saskatchewan
Division No. 9, Saskatchewan

Veregin


Üretim ilişkileri kavramı, üretici güçler kavramıyla birlikte Marksist teorinin ana kategorilerinden olan üretim tarzı kategorisinin içeriğini oluşturur. Üretici güçler, üretim tarzının sürekli devinen, değişen ve gelişen yanını oluştururken, üretim ilişkileri de üretici güçleri engellemeleri ya da geliştirmelerine bağlı olarak anlam kazanırlar. Bu ikili kavram çifti, Marksist teori de birbirinden tamamen ayrı ve özerk değildirler, aralarında şöyle bir bağıntı söz konusudur; ilk olarak, üretim ilişkilerinin gelişmesi öncelikle üretici güçlerin gelişmesine bağlıdır ve ikinci olarak, üretim ilişkilerinin kendisi de üretici güçlerin gelişimini etkilerler. Bu etki onları hızlandırma ya da yavaşlatma anlamındadır, belirleyici olan sonuçta üretici güçlerdir. Bu teorik açıklama biçimi benzer şekilde, alt-yapı/üst-yapı meselesinde de görülür. İnsan ilişkileri, Marksist perspektifte, ikiye ayrılır ve bu ayrımın en mühim nedeni gönüllülüktür. Üretim ilişkilerinde taraflardan en az birinin gönüllülüğü yoktur veyahut bu zorunluluk temellidir, bir nevi ekonomik bağlamda hayatta kalmak için kurulan ilişkilerdir. Gönüllülük temelli ilişkiler ise günlük hayatımızda rızamız çerçevesinde kendi isteğimiz ile kurduğumuz ilişkilerdir.

Kaynakça
 Ekonomi Politiğin Eleştirisine Katkı, K.Marks.

Marksist ekonomi teorisi

Üretim ilişkileri


Agrilus loangensis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, 1931.

Referências

loangensis

Agrilus loangensis


පාලිත මිසයිල ඉලක්ක හඳුනා ගැනීමෙන් රේඩාර් හෝ අධෝරක්ත ක්‍රම මගින් ක්‍රියා කරන අතරෙහිම ඉලක්කය වෙතට ගැටීමට ගමන් මග සකසයි.

පුපුරණ ද්‍රව්‍ය සහිත මිසයිල ශීර්ෂය මගින් ඉලක්කය විනාශ කිරීමට හෝ හානි පමුණූවාලීමට සමත්වන අතර සමහර ඒවායේ ඉතිරිවන කැබලි  විසි වීමෙන් මාරාන්තික අරය වැඩි කිරීමට පියවර ගෙන ඇත.

මිසයිල රේඩාර් හෝ අධෝරක්ත කිරණ භාවිතයෙන් ඉලක්කය සොයා ගන්නා අතර මෙම ක්‍රියාවලිය ගුවන් යානයකින් ඉලක්කය වෙත මිසයිල නිකුත් කිරීමට යොදාගන්නා අධෝරක්ත ක්‍රියාවලිය වඩා වෙනස්ය. අධෝරක්ත කිරණ මගින් බලාත්මක මිසයිල රේඩාර් පද්ධතියක් මගින් ඉලක්කය සොයා ගන්නා අතර රේඩාර් මගින් පාලිත මිසයිල නිකුත් වන්නේ IRST පද්ධතීන්හි දෘශ්‍යමානව ඉලක්ක දිස් වූ විටය. එසේ දිස් වූ විට අදාල ඉලක්කය දීප්තිමත්ව ඉදිරිපත් කර දැක්විය යුතුය.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-to-air_missile#Guidance

මිසයිල මාර්ගෝපදේශකත්වය


Kenji Kitahara (født 10. maj 1976) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Omiya Ardija og Mito HollyHock.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kenji Kitahara


Das Helenenbad war ein Freibad im Nordwesten der Görlitzer Innenstadt. Heute werden die Liegewiesen und Spielmöglichkeiten auf Gelände des einstigen Bades als Luftbad und Park genutzt.

Bereits 1921 beschlossen Mitglieder des Arbeiterschwimmvereins den Bau eines eigenen Freibads, da die Beziehungen zum bürgerlich geprägten Verein Weddigen, die das Stadtbad Weinbergpark nutzten, nicht gut waren. Die damalige Besitzerin des Leontinenhofs Baronin Helene von Carnap verkaufte ein Teil ihres Grundstücks zu günstigen Konditionen an den Arbeiterschwimmverein. Die Bauhütte Görlitz, eine gewerkschaftliche Baufirma, übernahm den Bauauftrag. Teile der Bevölkerung leisteten freiwillige Arbeitsstunden beim Bau des Bades, die mit Aufbaumarken vergütet wurden. Die für die Fuhrdienste benötigten Gespanne stellte der Leontinenhof unentgeltlich zur Verfügung.

Im Jahr 1922 konnte das Freibad eröffnet werden. Das Schwimmerbecken war 70 Meter lang und 25 Meter breit. Das benachbarte Nichtschwimmerbecken war 20 × 25 Meter groß. Am Rand des Schwimmerbecken befand sich ein Drei- und ein Fünfmetersprungbrett. Die beiden Becken wurden durch Quellwasser des nahen Siebenbörner gespeist. Von den Becken aus schlossen sich an einem flachen Hang die Liegewiesen an. Das Bad wurde von zahlreichen Arbeiterfamilien als Ausflugsort genutzt, aber auch ehrenamtliche Übungsleiter bildeten hier Schwimmer, Springer und Wasserballspieler aus.

Nach der Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten wurde das Freibad von der Deutschen Arbeitsfront (DAF) übernommen, die das Bad am 19. Mai 1934 als Volksbad der Deutschen Arbeitsfront wieder eröffnete. Später wurde das Freibad an die Stadt als kommunalen Träger übergeben, die das Bad bis 2002 betrieb. Das Bad wurde 1960 neugestaltet und lockte zu DDR-Zeiten bis zu 30.000 Besucher im Jahr an.

Im Jahr 1992 wurden der Kiosk, der Duschtrakt und die Umkleidekabinen modernisiert. Das Becken hatte zuletzt starke Risse, so dass stets Wasser nachgepumpt werden musste, was zu niedrigen Wassertemperaturen in den Becken führte. Die Stadt schloss das Bad 2002 auf Grund fehlender finanzieller Mittel für die Sanierung. Im letzten Betriebsjahr standen 10.500 Euro an Einnahmen 63.000 Euro an Ausgaben gegenüber. Es gab mehrfach Pläne und Stadtratsbeschlüsse die Becken zu sanieren, jedoch scheiterten diese meist am fehlenden Geld oder fehlenden jährlichen Zuschüssen die seitens der Stadt zur Verfügung gestellt werden konnten. Lediglich die Anlagen rund um die Becken wurden in Ordnung gebracht, die Gebäude renoviert sowie die Sanitäranlagen erneuert. Außerdem wurden zwei Fußballplätze und ein Beachvolleyballplatz gebaut. Im Jahr 2006 gründete sich ein Förderverein für das Helenenbad.

Laut Förderverein würde ein Neubau mit Edelstahlbecken rund 700.000 Euro kosten. Im Jahr 2007 eröffnete das Bad wieder als Luftbad ohne Wasserbecken. Trotz allem verfolgt der Förderverein für die Zukunft immer noch eine Wiedereröffnung mit Schwimmbecken.

Weblinks
 Homepage des Fördervereins "Görlitzer Helenenbad e.V."

Einzelnachweise

Innenstadt (Görlitz)
Bauwerk in Görlitz
Sport (Görlitz)
Erbaut in den 1920er Jahren
Badeanlage in Sachsen

Helenenbad


පොරතිවු පත්තු ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය යනු,  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, නැගෙනහිර පළාතේ,   මඩකලපුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ, පිහිටි ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයකි.

ජනගහනය

ග්‍රාම නිළධාරි වසම්

ආර්ථිකය

ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම්වරුන්

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළාත්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්ක

මූලාශ්‍ර
 Divisional Secretariats Portal

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස
මඩකලපුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කය

පොරතිවු පත්තු ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය


تيقوشي يويا ممثل ومغني ياباني، انضم إلى شركة جوني في ديسمبر عام 2002 ، وظهر لأول مرة مع 8 أعضاء بعد انضمامه إلى الشركة بـ 8 أشهر فقط وهم أعضآء فرقة نيوز .وهو أحد أعضاء فرقة نيوز ، يتابع حالياً «تيقوشي» تعليمه في جامعة واسيدا من خلال شبكات الإنترنت، لأن نظام جدوله يمنعه من حضور محاضراته بانتظام.

المسلسلات
 Sai in Blues 15 عام 2005
 Gekidan Engimono - Ie ga Tooi عام 2005
 رئيسي بطلي (my boss my hero) عام 2006
 Gachi Baka [ مع ماسودا ] عام 2006
 Hyoten 2006 عام 2006
 Shabake عام 2007
 Dareka ga Uso wo Tsuiteiru عام 2009
 Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge عام 2010
 Deka Wanko عام 2011

العروض المتنوعة
 Sekai no Hate Made ItteQ - イッテQ [ مستمر من 2007 ]
 走魂 - Soukon برنامج ركض معه كاتو شيقياكي وكوياما كيتشيرو وماسودا تاكاهيسا [ بدا عرضه 2009 وانتهى 2010 - عرضت له 19 حلقه فقط ]

الافلام
 Dead Run عام 2005
 Shissou عام 2005
 Dareka ga watashi ni kissu shita عام 2010
 Hotaru no Hikari عام 2012

الاعلانات
 Russ-K
 LAWSON
 Vermont Curry
 Tongari Corn
 KOSÉ
 Pokemon Black/White
 Kappa Ebisen
 MATCH
 knorr

روابط خارجية

مراجع

آيدول يابانيون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من يوكوهاما
مشاهير يوتيوب
مشاهير يوتيوب ذكور يابانيون
مشاهير يوتيوب يابانيون
مغنو بوب يابانيون
مغنون ذكور في القرن 21
مغنون ذكور يابانيون في القرن 21
مغنون يابانيون في القرن 21
ممثلو وممثلات أداء صوتي يابانيون
ممثلون ذكور يابانيون
ممثلون يابانيون
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1987
مواليد في يوكوهاما
موسيقيون من كاناغاوا

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