David Lisak est un psychologue clinicien américain. Il est titulaire d'un doctorat obtenu auprès de l'université Duke et il a exercé comme professeur de psychologie à l'Université du Massachusetts à Boston. Ses travaux portent sur « les causes et les effets de la violence entre les personnes... les motivations et les comportements des violeurs et des assassins, les effets des maltraitances dans l'enfance sur les hommes adultes et les liens entre les maltraitances dans l'enfance et la violence commise par les victimes ».

Recherches

Lisak commence ses recherches lorsqu'il est étudiant en maîtrise à Duke dans les années 1980. Il remarque la plupart des recherches sur les viols et les agressions sexuelles s'intéressent au récit des victimes, qui signalent presque toujours qu'elles connaissent leur agresseur, au lieu d'être un inconnu ; or, les violeurs emprisonnés sont presque toujours des criminels inconnus de la victime et les recherches portent donc sur ce type de profil. Lisak porte son attention sur l'étude des violeurs qui ont commis la forme la plus courante de viol mais qui n'ont pas été arrêtés puis emprisonnés.

Lisak mène une méta-analyse sur quatre enquêtes réalisées entre 1991 et 1998 et interroge  étudiants à Boston, ce qui lui permet de publier en 2002 une étude sur les violeurs non détectés. L'étude a commencé par un questionnaire puis Lisak annonce avoir eu de longs entretiens de suivi avec chaque répondant. Certaines des questions étaient : « avez-vous déjà eu un rapport sexuel avec une personne, même si elle ne le voulait pas, alors qu'elle était sous l'emprise d'alcool ou de drogues et ne pouvait donc pas résister aux avances sexuelles ? » ou « Avez-vous déjà eu un rapport sexuel avec un adulte qui n'en voulait pas mais sur lequel vous avez exercé votre force physique (tordre le bras, le maintenir au sol) pour qu'il coopère ? ». En 2015, Linda M. LeFauve, vice-présidente adjointe au  et collaboratrice au think tank libertarien Reason Foundation, a voulu interviewer Lisak sur sa méthode des entretiens de suivi basée sur un sondage anonyme ; Lisak a refusé de lui répondre et raccroché le téléphone.

À l'instar d'autres entretiens et questionnaires en sciences sociales sur la violence entre personnes, Lisak a évité des termes comme « viol », « agression sexuelle » et « abus », y substituant une description et s'abstenant de qualifier des actes que les criminels pourraient rejeter. Même si les situations décrites correspondent à la définition juridique du viol, Lisak a constaté que les hommes interrogés n'hésitaient pas à en parler et les voyaient comme des conquêtes sexuelles dont ils avaient lieu se vanter ; ils ne se considéraient pas comme des violeurs. Lisak pense que ces hommes sont des narcissiques qui « aiment par-dessus tout » s'étendre sur leurs « exploits sexuels ». Environ 5 % des participants de l'étude ont reconnu avoir commis un viol.

Lisak observe que la plupart des violeurs traduits en justice doivent répondre d'une seule accusation de viol, or il annonce que des enquêtes accablantes montrent que les violeurs emprisonnés sont souvent les auteurs de plusieurs viols car les conclusions aboutissent à une moyenne de sept à onze victimes. Ses propres travaux proposent des conclusions identiques concernant les violeurs non détectés : les violeurs en série sont à l'origine de 90 % des viols perpétrés sur les campus universitaires et chaque criminel commet en moyenne six viols. Il estime que les violeurs, autant détectés que non détectés, manifestent des préjugés négatifs envers les femmes ainsi qu'un désir de domination.

En comparaison des hommes n'ayant pas commis de viol, Lisak estime que les violeurs éprouvent davantage de colère envers les femmes et animés du désir de les dominer et de les contrôler ; leur caractère est plus impulsif, plus désinhibé, antisocial et hypermasculin, avec une empathie plus faible. Lisak décrit les violeurs comme des personnalités qui savent parfaitement repérer les victimes potentielles et mettre leurs limites à l'épreuve ; il déclare qu'ils ont planifié leurs attaques et emprunté des stratégies sophistiquées pour isoler leurs victimes et les préparer, qu'ils emploient la violence en tant que moyen de terrifier et de contraindre les victimes et qu'ils recourent à des armes psychologiques comme l'emprise, la manipulation ou les menaces. Lisak déclare que les violeurs ciblent de victimes fragiles, comme les étudiantes de première année qui manquent d'expérience face à l'alcool et qui ont davantage tendance à prendre des risques, ou alors les personnes qui sont déjà sous l'effet de psychotropes ; les violeurs se servent de l'alcool comme d'une arme car il rend les victimes plus vulnérables en état d'ivresse mais il permet aussi de miner leur crédibilité devant la justice en cas de plainte.

Lisak écrit que les recherches récentes contredisent le préjugé tenace voulant que les violeurs ciblent un type particulier de victimes ; la réalité serait « bien plus trouble ». En effet, « de nombreuses enquêtes ont montré qu'entre 33 % et 66 % des violeurs s'en ont également pris à des enfants, que jusqu'à 82 % des pédocriminels ont aussi agressé des adultes et qu'entre 50 % et 66 % des auteurs d'inceste ont aussi agressé des enfants hors de leur famille ».

Pour Lisak, ces résultats ainsi que d'autres s'opposent nettement avec le préjugé courant voulant que les viols en milieu universitaire viendraient d'« un jeune homme normalement correct qui, sauf en cas d'abus d'alcool et d'une grave carence de communication, ne commettrait jamais un tel acte » : Lisak pointe au contraire que la grande majorité des viols sont perpétrés par des prédateurs sexuels récidivistes et violents. Par conséquent, déclare-t-il, les campagnes de prévention (qui transmettent aux hommes le message de ne pas violer) risquent de ne pas se montrer efficaces et l'université ferait mieux d'aider les étudiants non-violeurs à identifier les violeurs et à intervenir dans des circonstances où une victime est en danger afin de la protéger du viol. Il déclare aussi que, chaque fois qu'une agression sexuelle par un membre de l'entourage est signalée, il s'agit d'une opportunité pour que les organismes chargés de l'application des lois mènent une enquête approfondie sur l'accusé, au lieu de « se mettre des œillères pour ne vérifier qu'une interaction de 45 minutes entre ces deux personnes ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Professeur à l'université du Massachusetts
Psychologue américain

David Lisak


Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (; born 14 February 1967) is a Greek Cypriot entrepreneur. Born into a wealthy ship-owning family, he is best known for founding the low-cost airline easyJet and the Stelmar shipping line with start-up funds provided by his father, Loucas. easyJet's foundation in 1995 marked the beginning of a series of ventures marketed under the "easy" brand, managed by easyGroup and chaired by Haji-Ioannou.

Early life

Stelios Haji-Ioannou was born in Athens on 14 February 1967, the second of three children of Nedi (née Potsos) and Loucas Haji-Ioannou. He has an elder brother, Polys, and a younger sister, Clelia. Both of his siblings have a large stake in easyJet. His father's family originates from the village of Pedoulas high in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus, while his mother is from the village of Laneia at the foot of the mountains. After his secondary education in Athens, he studied economics at the London School of Economics, graduating with a BSc in 1987. He went on to obtain an MSc in Shipping, Trade & Finance from Bayes Business School. He was later awarded four honorary doctorates from Bayes Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Newcastle Business School, and Cranfield University.

Early career

A self-labelled "serial entrepreneur", Haji-Ioannou started working in 1988 for his father's already successful shipping business, Troodos Shipping Co Ltd. At 25, Haji-Ioannou received £30 million from his father, that he used to set up his own shipping company, Stelmar Shipping. Haji-Ioannou floated the company on the New York Stock Exchange in 2001. In 2005, Stelmar Shipping was sold to the OSG Group for approximately $1.3 billion.

Exonerated in shipping accident

In April 1991, a Troodos-owned VLCC oil tanker suffered a disaster that resulted in six deaths and spilt about 50,000 tons of crude oil into the sea, becoming arguably the Mediterranean's worst-ever ecological disaster. The tanker, M/T Haven, was an elderly vessel, formerly the Amoco Haven, sister ship of the ill-starred Amoco Cadiz that had foundered in 1978. Haji-Ioannou was accused of poor maintenance and charged in Italy with manslaughter, in addition to intimidating and attempting to bribe witnesses. Haji-Ioannou blamed the accident on an error by one of the surviving crew members. He and his father were acquitted by the jury. Subsequent civil demands for compensation were also dismissed by the courts.

The "easy" companies

Haji-Ioannou started easyJet in 1995 when he was 28 years old, running a service between Luton and Scotland. In 2000, easyJet PLC was partially floated on the London Stock Exchange. He and his family remain its largest single shareholders (34%) in the airline, capitalised at £4.17bn as of 9 May 2019.

Haji-Ioannou conducts business via his private investment vehicle, the easyGroup, which owns the 'easy' brand and licenses it to the various 'easy'-branded ventures, including the airline. Haji-Ioannou continues to extend his business interests, mainly in the field of travel and leisure by encouraging entrepreneurs to adopt the "easy" brand for their companies.

easyJet PLC is one of Europe's largest airlines with a fleet of 323 aircraft carrying over 88.5m passengers annually (2018 figures).

Other travel/leisure-related businesses include:

 easyCar, which offers a peer-to-peer car sharing scheme as well as low cost car rental in 2,000 locations globally
 easyBus, which offers low cost bus transportation between London/Paris/Geneva airports and their respective city centres
 easyHotel, which offers low cost accommodation in city centres across Europe
 easyFoodstore is a new concept, currently being trialled with a view to offering discounted, "white-label" groceries to low-income and benefit dependent groups.
 easyGym which offers low cost, no-contract gym memberships at 16 locations in the UK and five in France, while looking to expand further inside the EU.
 easyProperty which offers an online service to homeowners and prospective buyers as well landlords and tenants.
 easyCruise was a low-cost cruise line started in 2004. It was sold in August 2009 to Greek ferry operator Hellenic Seaways for £9 million and ran until it went defunct in 2010.
 easyCoffee owns a number of self-service coffee machines including a cafe in Central London.
 easyStorage offers low cost storage, some times referred to Self Storage. Customers pay a sensible margin for storage and then pay for all the extras as they need them. These would be packing materials, packing, insurance, as well as collection and deliver
 EasyInternetcafé a chain of internet cafés

Fastjet

In September 2011 it was reported that Haji-Ioannou was working on Fastjet, a new low-cost airline serving routes within Africa, as part of a joint venture with Lonrho plc. The airline started operations on 29 November 2012 with Airbus A319 aircraft.

Battle with Ryanair

In 2009, Haji-Ioannou brought proceedings in London's High Court over Ryanair adverts which appeared in The Guardian, the Daily Telegraph and on Ryanair's website in January and February. The adverts featured a picture of Haji-Ioannou in the style of Pinocchio and referred to him as "easyJet's Mr Late Again". The case was eventually settled out of court, with Haji-Ioannou receiving an official apology from the airline and the sum of £50,100, which Haji-Ioannou announced he would donate to his philanthropic foundation.

Disagreement with EasyJet

In 2010, Haji-Ioannou left the board of EasyJet, in order to attempt to force the management of the company to abort their expansion plans.

In an interview with Management Today, he said: 'EasyJet is seen as a huge success, which I'm happy about, because I own the brand. But easyJet is a publicly listed company. The share price has gone up and down as it's got bigger and things have happened – but overall, really it's gone sideways.'

He then went on to say: 'Basically, it's created no shareholder value for 10 years.'

In 2013, Haji-Ioannou said he had become "increasingly concerned" at easyJet's expansion plans. He announced that he sold 200,000 easyJet shares in protest against plans to buy more planes, while his siblings have done the same with their shares.

In April 2020, Haji-Ioannou publicly called for the removal of EasyJet PLC CEO Johan Lundgren and chairman John Barton over what he describes as a "deliberate mistake" in not terminating a £4.5 billion order for 107 planes from Airbus.

Personal life

Haji-Ioannou has lived in Monaco since his family moved there when he was a teenager.

In the 2006 Birthday Honours, Haji-Ioannou received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II for "services to entrepreneurship".

Haji-Ioannou was a member of the New Enterprise Council, a group set up to advise the Conservative Party on business policy. He stated at the time that this appointment did not reflect his political affiliations, adding, "I agreed to be included in the group of entrepreneurs because I was assured it will be non-partisan. [There is] not much difference between left and right any more."

In an April 2010 letter to the Daily Telegraph, Haji-Ioannou joined 23 other UK business leaders, including Marks & Spencer's Stuart Rose and Next's Simon Wolfson, criticising the Brown government's plans to raise National Insurance contribution rates.

The character of Omar Baba in the BBC comedy series Come Fly With Me is reportedly based on Haji-Ioannou.

In 2018, he filed an infringement claim against Netflix over their series Easy in a UK court, saying that use of the name breaches the Easy Group's European trademarks.

Charity

His charitable foundation, the Stelios Philanthropic Foundation, supports education, as well as entrepreneurial and environmental initiatives through the provision of funding and advice in the UK, Greece and Cyprus. It also sponsors annual awards with cash prizes to entrepreneurs in the UK, Greece and Cyprus.

The Foundation finances ten undergraduate scholarships annually for students taking a three-year course at his alma mater, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a further ten postgraduate awards at City University's Bayes Business School (1-year course). It also gives a £50,000 cash prize to the winner of the Disabled Entrepreneur in the UK Award, run in conjunction with Leonard Cheshire Disability. Similar prizes are awarded for enterprises in Cyprus that help foster inter-communal relationships on the island and Greece where the Foundation hosts an award for young entrepreneurs.

Most recently the Foundation has joined the relief effort aimed at helping those in Greece and Cyprus worst affected by the current economic downturn. Its "Food from the Heart" initiative, based in Limassol, hands out free lunchtime snacks to registered recipients in Nicosia, Limassol and Athens. Further outlets to help cope with the refugees landing on Aegean islands are in the planning stage. (www.stelios.com)

He was among the benefactors of the "Make a WISH" charity event held in Monaco in June 2015, organized by the Embassy of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to Serbia.

See also
 Cyprus Marine Environment Protection Association
 Low-cost airlines

References

Further reading

 "Stelios threatens to grab easyJet's controls as profits nosedive" The Scotsman, 16 November 2008

External links

1967 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Athens
British businesspeople
Businesspeople in aviation
Businesspeople in tourism
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of City, University of London
Alumni of Bayes Business School
Greek Cypriot people
Knights Bachelor
British expatriates in Monaco
EasyGroup
British billionaires
Cypriot billionaires
British people of Greek Cypriot descent
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Cypriot expatriates in Monaco
Stelios
21st-century philanthropists

Stelios Haji-Ioannou


Carlo Caglieris (nacido el  en Brescia, Italia)  es un exjugador italiano de baloncesto. Con 1.77 de estatura, jugaba en la posición de base.

Equipos
1969-1970  Don Bosco Crocetta
1970-1971  Libertas Biella
1971-1974  Libertas Asti
1974-1975  Fortitudo Bologna
1975-1981  Virtus Bologna
1981-1985  Auxilium Torino
1985-1986  Pallacanestro Treviso

Palmarés clubes
 LEGA: 3
Virtus Bologna: 1976, 1979, 1980.

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en LEGA BASKET SERIE A

Baloncestistas de Italia
Baloncestistas de la selección de Italia
Baloncestistas italianos de la Lega Basket Serie A
Baloncestistas del Virtus Pallacanestro Bologna
Baloncestistas del Auxilium Torino
Baloncestistas del Pallacanestro Treviso
Baloncestistas del Fortitudo Bologna
Baloncestistas del Pallacanestro Biella
Nacidos en Brescia

Carlo Caglieris


Iochroma arborescens (sin. Acnistus arborescens), grm ili drvo iz porodice pomoćnica nekad uključivan u vlastiti rod Acnistus. Raširen je po Srednjoj, Antilskoj i tropskoj Južnoj Americi

A. arborescens je grm ili manje stablo koje može narasti od 3 do 6 metara, a izuzetno do 12 metara. Plod je žuta bobica, za koju Johannes Cornelius Theodorus Uphof (1959) kaže da se koristi za izradu želea, ali bez detaljnijeg opisa o tome

Izvori

Physalideae

Iochroma arborescens


Zeytun İsyanı, Maraş'ın Zeytun kazasında gerçekleşmiştir. Zeytun Ermenileri, IV. Murat tarafından verildiğini iddia ettikleri bir fermana dayanarak 1774'ten beri vergi vermeyi reddetmekteydiler.  Bu sorunu çözmek için gelen Maraş valisi Ömer Paşa, Zeytun Ermenileri tarafından öldürülünce kasaba 7 ay sürecek bir sıkıyönetime tâbi tutuldu. Bu, Ermenilerin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yönetimine karşı ilk silahlı isyanıdır. Daha sonra Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altında 30'a yakın isyan çıkartmışlardır.

Kaynakça

Ermeni isyanları
Ermeni tarihi
1780

Zeytun İsyanı (1780)


16. breddegrad kan henvise til:

 16. nordlige breddekreds
 16. sydlige breddekreds

16. breddegrad


Ucar or UCAR may refer to:
 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, a U.S. organization of atmospheric research institutions
 Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft, a United States pilotless attack helicopter, currently under development
 Ujar Rayon, a province in Azerbaijan
 Ucar, Azerbaijan, capital of that region
 Úcar, a municipality in the province of Navarre, Spain
 Uçar, Turkish surname
 U-Car, a type of race car built from stock parts
 Godfrey Chitalu, Legendary Zambian footballer and coach
 Gabriel Ucar Swedish football player
 A European brand name for consumer batteries formerly developed by Union Carbide.

UCAR


La station de la rue Nafu (chinois : 那福路站 / pinyin : Nàfú lù zhàn / zhuang : Camh Roen Nazfuz) est une station de la ligne 2 du métro de Nanning. Elle est située de part et d'autre du boulevard Liangyu et de la quatrième rue Pingle sud, dans le district de Liangqing de la ville de Nanning, en Chine.

Ouverte pendant l'extension de la ligne 2 de 2020, elle comprend quatre entrées et une seule plateforme.

Situation sur le réseau

Établie en souterrain, Rue Nafu est située sur la ligne 2 du métro de Nanning, entre la station Rue Yuling, en direction du terminus nord , et la station , en direction du terminus sud Tanze.

Histoire
Le tracé de la ligne est décidé en juin 2014, avec une première phase comprenant 18 stations pour , coûtant environ 15.5 milliards de yuans. Les 18 premières stations ouvrent le .

La nouvelle extension est inaugurée le  et comprend cinq stations, qui prolonge le terminus de Yudong à Tanze. La salle de rechange pour bébés de 49 stations, dont rue Nafu, est rénovée en 2022.

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil
Située de part d'autre du boulevard Liangyu (良玉大道) et de la quatrième rue Pingle sud (平乐西四路), bientôt la rue Nafu (那福路), la station est accessible tous les jours, par quatre entrées différentes. Outre les entrées à la surface, on compte deux niveaux de sous-sol. Le premier se compose de la salle d'attente et des salles d'équipement et de gestion, tandis que le deuxième comprend le quai central. Ce dernier mesure  de long pour une largeur de . Trois rangées d'escaliers roulants et un ascenseur pour personnes handicapées permettent d'atteindre le quai, tandis que huit rangées d'escaliers roulants et deux ascenseurs relient la salle d'attente à la surface.

Station souterraine, elle dispose de trois niveaux :

Desserte
Les premiers et derniers trains à direction de Xijin sont à 6h34 et 23h04 et ceux à direction de Tanze sont à 7h07 et 23h43.

Intermodalité

La station est desservie par les lignes B108, 117, 122 et 809 du réseau d'autobus de Nanning

À proximité

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Nanning
 Ligne 2 du métro de Nanning

Liens externes
 .
  sur Baidu Baike
 .

Station du métro de Nanning
Station de métro mise en service en 2020

Rue Nafu (métro de Nanning)


Der Wahlkreis Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten (Wahlkreis 175) ist ein Bundestagswahlkreis in Hessen, der zur Bundestagswahl 2013 neu eingerichtet wurde. Er umfasst
vom Main-Kinzig-Kreis die Gemeinden Bad Orb, Bad Soden-Salmünster, Biebergemünd, Birstein, Brachttal, Flörsbachtal, Freigericht, Gelnhausen, Gründau, Jossgrund, Linsengericht, Schlüchtern, Sinntal, Steinau an der Straße und Wächtersbach sowie den Gutsbezirk Spessart
 vom Wetteraukreis die Gemeinden Altenstadt, Büdingen, Gedern, Glauburg, Hirzenhain, Kefenrod, Limeshain und Ortenberg
 vom Vogelsbergkreis die Gemeinde Schotten.

Geschichte
In Hessen wurde zur Bundestagswahl 2013 die Zahl der Bundestagswahlkreise von 21 auf 22 erhöht. Dabei wurde in Osthessen die Wahlkreisgliederung grundlegend geändert und ein zusätzlicher Wahlkreis Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten eingerichtet. Der neue Wahlkreis wurde aus Gebieten gebildet, die vorher zu den Wahlkreisen Gießen, Fulda, Wetterau und Hanau gehörten.

Wahl 2021

Wahl 2017
Die Bundestagswahl 2017 fand am 24. September 2017 statt. In Hessen wollten sich 20 Parteien mit ihrer Landesliste bewerben; die Allianz Deutscher Demokraten zog ihre Bewerbung zurück. Die Violetten wurden vom Landeswahlausschuss zurückgewiesen, da nicht die erforderlichen zweitausend Unterschriften zur Unterstützung vorgelegt wurden. Somit bewarben sich 18 Parteien mit ihren Landeslisten in Hessen. Auf den Landeslisten kandidieren insgesamt 353 Bewerber, davon nicht ganz ein Drittel (114) Frauen.

Peter Tauber gewann erneut das Direktmandat. Bettina Müller und Mariana Harder-Kühnel zogen über die Landeslisten ihrer Parteien in den Bundestag ein.

Wahl 2013

Die Bundestagswahl 2013 fand am Sonntag, dem 22. September 2013, zusammen mit der Landtagswahl in Hessen 2013, statt. In Hessen hatten sich 16 Parteien um einen Listenplatz beworben. Die ödp hatte ihre Liste zurückgezogen. Somit standen 15 Parteien landesweit zur Wahl.

Einzelnachweise

Mainkinzigwetterau2schotten
Politik (Main-Kinzig-Kreis)
Politik (Wetteraukreis)
Politik (Vogelsbergkreis)

Bundestagswahlkreis Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten


Kjos es un área en el distrito de Vågsbygd en el sur de Kristiansand, que toma su nombre de la granja Kjos. Termina en campos que van todo el camino a Kjos Bay, una zona húmeda con abundante avifauna.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Kristiansand

Kjos


An Alocasia clypeolata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Alistair Hay. An Alocasia clypeolata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Alocasia, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Alocasia

Alocasia clypeolata


Name That Tune is an American television music game show. Originally created and produced by orchestra conductor Harry Salter and his wife Roberta Semple Salter, the series features contestants competing to correctly identify songs being played by an on-stage orchestra or band.

Name That Tune premiered on the NBC Radio Network in 1952, where it aired until 1954, and made the move to television in 1953 on the same network. CBS picked up the television series in the summer of 1953 and carried it through 1959.

A short-lived revival for syndication followed in 1970 with Richard Hayes as host, but a second revival in 1974 was much more successful. Airing weekly, the 1974 syndicated offering used a new show format and, beginning in 1976, offered a top prize of $100,000 to a lucky champion (after which the show became known as The $100,000 Name That Tune). Tom Kennedy hosted this series, which ran until 1981 and began airing twice weekly during its final season.

During the course of Kennedy's series, two attempts were made at reviving the series for network television, both on its original home at NBC. Dennis James hosted the first of these series, which ran daily for five months in daytime in 1974 and came to an end shortly after the new year in 1975. In 1977, a second daily daytime series with Kennedy hosting was conceived, but this too was short-lived and was cancelled after six months.

Name That Tune returned in 1984 to syndication, again using the $100,000 prize in its branding. Hosted by Jim Lange, this revival was the first syndicated edition of Name That Tune not to air on a weekly basis from the start; instead, the show aired as a daily series with some changes to the format, including the tournament structure. It did not find the success that its predecessor had in syndication and came to an end after one season in 1985.

In November 2020, Prestige Entertainment, Eureka Productions, and Fox announced a new primetime version of Name That Tune hosted by actress Jane Krakowski (with Randy Jackson of American Idol fame as bandleader), which premiered on January 6, 2021. The twelve-episode first season was filmed in Australia with American contestants. A second season of the revival premiered on March 29, 2022, which was filmed in Ireland; in this season, four of the eight episodes featured celebrity contestants. A third season of the revival, titled Celebrity Name That Tune, premiered on January 11, 2023.

Background and production

Development
Name That Tune had its conceptual origins in an earlier radio and television series, Stop the Music. Stop the Music was created by Mark Goodson, orchestra conductor Harry Salter, and advertising executive Howard Connell. Stop the Music relied on studio audience members and random telephone calls to potential viewers/listeners to identify melodies played by an orchestra. Name That Tune changed this idea to a head-to-head competition between two onstage contestants.

Incarnations of Name That Tune over the years have maintained core concepts. These include an orchestra and/or a band, head-to-head contestant identification of songs played by that orchestra/band, and a bonus round known as the "Golden Medley", where the winner of the head-to-head competition plays on their own for the episode's grand prize. Previous winners would sometimes be invited back to identify songs for much larger prizes – in the 1950s television version the prize was $25,000, and by the 1970s–1980s, this grand prize was increased to $100,000.

Orchestra, band, dancers
Bob Alberti was the conductor of the orchestra for the first season of the 1970s run, with Tommy Oliver replacing him in 1975 and Stan Worth replacing Oliver in 1978. The orchestra also featured a vocalist at times. Originally the position was held by Kathie Lee Gifford, then known as Kathie Lee Johnson, who performed from 1977 to 1978. She was replaced by Monica Burruss for the 1978–79 season, who remained with the series until its 1981 cancellation.

Also for the 1978–79 season, the series brought in choreographers Dennon Rawles and Jerri Fiala, the latter of whom was already working for show producer Ralph Edwards as hostess on The Cross-Wits, to serve as background dancers; and the Name That Tune Orchestra (with Burruss) was supplemented by The Sound System, a rock music ensemble led by Dan Sawyer with Steve March as its featured vocalist. The dancers only appeared for one season, but The Sound System and March stayed on for the rest of the show's run.

In the 1984–85 series, Tommy Oliver returned to lead the orchestra.

The 2021 version sees musician, record executive and former American Idol judge Randy Jackson as bandleader. Jackson also performs announcing duties at the beginning of the show.

Gameplay

1950s version
In the 1950s version of Name That Tune, the contestants stood across the stage from two large ship's bells as the orchestra started playing tunes. When a contestant knew the tune, they ran across the stage to "ring the bell and name that tune" Four tunes were played every game, and each tune was worth increasing dollar amounts. The first tune was worth $5 and each subsequent tune was worth double the previous tune, up to $40 for the fourth and final tune.  The player with the most money after four tunes won the game and played the "Golden Medley" bonus round. From 1955 to 1959, only three tunes were played, worth $10, $20 and $30. If both players were tied at $30 each, both played as a team in the Golden Medley.

Golden Medley
In the original series, all the tunes played were selected by home viewers. Each correct tune won money for the winning contestant as well as the home viewers. The first correct answer was worth $25, and each subsequent correct answer doubled the money. Naming all seven won $1,600 and gave a home viewer a chance to come to the New York studio where the show was taped at that time, and play along with the studio contestant in a special round called the "Golden Medley Marathon".

The Golden Medley Marathon
In the Golden Medley Marathon, the winning home viewer and the winning studio contestant worked as a team. This time, the two players had to correctly guess five tunes in 30 seconds, and if they did so they split $10,000 and returned the next week to try and do it again. They could keep coming back for up to four additional weeks, and potentially could win a combined $50,000.

The top prize for the prime time CBS show, by 1959, was $25,000.

1974–81 version
Two contestants selected from the studio audience compete in various song identification games to earn points as well as cash and prizes. Three rounds were played per game, typically beginning with Melody Roulette, followed by a second game which varied by-episode, and culminating with Bid-a-Note. Each of the first two games awarded 10 points to the winner, but Bid-a-Note was worth 20 points. A round's points were split between the players in the event of a tie. If the players were tied after the final competitive round, a single tiebreaker tune was played to determine who advanced to the Golden Medley bonus round for a chance at more prizes.

Melody Roulette
A wheel was spun onstage to determine a cash prize for identifying the tune. Early in both the daytime and syndicated versions the wheel contained categories. Each contestant selected a category before each spin and received $100 if the wheel stopped on their choice. However, the categories were later replaced by money amounts ranging from $20 to $1,000 from 1974 to 1976, $50–$1,000 from 1976 to 1977, and $100–$1,000 from 1977 to 1981 on the syndicated series (and $50–$500 on the 1977 daytime series). Also, after the switch to dollar amounts on the wheel, each contestant selected a space on the wheel (a $100 space in daytime, a $200 space in the syndicated series). If the wheel landed on one of those spaces, that contestant won that amount automatically prior to the start of the tune; this was discarded in 1976.

An outer wheel was added in 1976 which held two spaces marked "Double" and was spun in the opposite direction of the inner. From 1977 to 1980, it also featured a space offering a new car, but the car could be won only once per episode. In 1980, this was replaced by two generic "prize" spaces, which worked the same way, along with only one Double space. In order for a tune to be worth double the value or to have a prize on the line, the corresponding space had to be covering the space where the inner wheel had stopped.

Both contestants kept the cash they earned.

Other games
These games were typically played during the second round:

 Build-a-Tune, played only on the short-lived 1977 daytime version, where the orchestra played a tune starting with minimal instrumentation and gradually added more until it became a full orchestral arrangement. Whoever named more tunes out of five received 10 points and a prize package. If both players were tied, each received five points and the prizes.
 Cassette Roulette, played during the first few months of the 1970s syndicated version, where contestants alternated selecting categories for songs from a board of eight 8-track tapes. Seven tunes were played, and the contestant who correctly named the most tunes won the round and 10 points.  Four of the cassettes also contained a bonus prize, which would be awarded to the contestant who correctly named the tune.
 The Money Tree, where the contestants were both given a "tree" with 100 $1 bills on it. While one contestant tried to guess a tune, their opponent would remove bills from it as quickly as possible until that contestant guessed correctly or ran out of time. The contestant with the most money left on their tree at the end of the round earned 10 points and a prize package, though it wasn't uncommon to see both trees stripped clean. The game was featured on the syndicated series from 1974 to 1977. It is also known to have been used at least once on the 1974 daytime series.
 Pick-a-Prize was another game played only on the 1977 daytime series, where the contestants were shown an assortment of prizes, then alternated between listening to tunes and trying to name them for a prize of their choice each time. The first player to name three tunes won the round and 10 points.
 Pick-a-Tune, where each tune would feature a list of words that included the words in the tune's title. Contestants eliminated words so that only the words in the title remained. This game was featured early in the first season of the 1974 syndicated series.
 Ring That Bell was a recreation of the gameplay of the 1950s version, where contestants buzzed in to guess a tune by running to and ringing a bell. Five tunes were played, and the contestant who correctly guessed the most tunes won the round and 10 points. This game was seen only on the 1974 daytime series.
 Sing-a-Tune, where both contestants guessed the song being sung by house vocalist Kathie Lee Johnson (who replaced any instance of its title in the lyrics with "la-las") by writing down the title. Five tunes were played and the winner of the round received 10 points and a prize package. If contestants were tied, each received the prize package and 5 points. The game was played only during the 1977–78 season, being retired when Johnson left the show.

Bid-a-Note
Bid-a-Note has typically been the final head-to-head round of the show, except from 1978 to 1981 and during the 1984–85 tournaments, when it was the penultimate round.

After being given a clue towards the song, the two contestants alternate bidding as to how few notes they need to identify it, starting as high as seven. Bidding ends when one contestant challenges the other to name the tune, or a bid of one note is given by a player to end the auction. Correctly identifying the song earns the contestant a point, while missing it gives the point to the opponent. The first to reach three points wins the game.

From 1978 to the end of the Kennedy run, players alternated choosing the tune to be played via displayed numbered packets.

Golden Medley
The main bonus round of Name That Tune, where the contestant must identify seven tunes within 30 seconds. The champion stops the clock by hitting a buzzer, a cue for the band to stop playing, and can either give an answer or pass if they are not sure. Once all seven tunes are played, the contestant may return to tunes passed if time permits. The game ends when a contestant identifies all seven tunes, runs out of time, or gives an incorrect answer.

On the 1974 daytime series, the winning player had to correctly identify six (later five) tunes. Each correct guess won $200, and $2,000 was awarded if the contestant guessed all six in 30 seconds. No matter what the result of the Golden Medley was, the champion returned the next day and played until they had won five times or had been defeated. Any champion that made it to a fifth day won a car.

Later in the run, corresponding with the change to five tunes, a champion was required to win the Golden Medley in order to return the next day. The car was awarded if the champion successfully completed the Golden Medley four times.

On the Tom Kennedy syndicated series, each tune was worth $500 in cash and/or prizes (usually, a contestant who got six won a car on the nighttime version), and any contestant who named all seven tunes won a $15,000 prize package. On the 1977 daytime version, each tune was worth $250, and all seven won a $2,500 prize package.

The $100,000 Mystery Tune
From 1976 to 1978, Golden Medley winners on the syndicated series were given a chance to win an additional $100,000 in cash at the conclusion of the next week's episode by guessing the $100,000 Mystery Tune. A safe filled with large, sealed manila envelopes was placed in a room backstage, and one envelope was chosen at random; the producers made the choice in 1976, while the contestant did so starting in 1977. Each envelope held the sheet music for a different tune whose title had been blacked out, along with a smaller second envelope containing the title, composer name(s), and copyright/background information for the tune.

Once an envelope was chosen, it was brought onstage by a security guard, who gave the sheet music and the inner envelope to the orchestra's pianist and the host respectively. The contestant entered an isolation booth wired so that they could hear only these two individuals, and the pianist played the tune for 20 seconds. The contestant was then given 10 seconds to offer one guess at the title, which was recorded on audiotape. The host opened the inner envelope and read its contents aloud, after which the contestant's guess was played back and compared against the title. An exact match won $100,000, paid at $10,000 per year for 10 years.

When Name That Tune returned to daytime in 1977, the Mystery Tune round was brought along with it and played according to the same rules as the syndicated version. The prize for correctly naming the tune was a lump sum of $25,000.

On days when the Mystery Tune was played, the front game was abbreviated in order to leave time for it, such as by making Bid-a-Note a best-of-three round instead of best-of-five.

$100,000 Tournaments
In 1977, eleven Golden Medley winners who did not correctly identify the Mystery Tune were invited back to play in a three week tournament where the winner would receive $100,000 in cash and prizes. In the first two weeks, five or six players competed in an otherwise normal game, except that in Melody Roulette, only the first two players to answer two tunes continued. Sing a Tune and Bid a Note were then played for ten points between the remaining two players.

To determine the winner of the match, the Golden Medley became a competitive round of play instead of a bonus round and changed its name to the Golden Medley Showdown. Here, the two contestants tried to identify as many songs as they could within the thirty second time limit; a tune was discarded if neither player buzzed in within five seconds.

The two winners came back on the third week, playing Melody Roulette, Sing a Tune, and Bid a Note for 10 points each, and Golden Medley Showdown for 30, to determine the $100,000 winner. Unlike the mystery tune prize, this $100,000 was in cash and prizes. Runners-up won $2,500.

In 1978, the show (which had switched to a disco set and theme) discarded the Mystery Tunes and the entire season was set up to have four nine-week $100,000 tournaments. The first six weeks consisted of two-player games, featuring Melody Roulette, Bid-a-Note, and Golden Medley Showdown. The six winners returned for a three-week tournament, played like the 1977 tournament, except that three players played Melody Roulette and two of those players played the remaining two games. Every ninth episode would be a tournament final. The winner of each tournament won $10,000 a year for the next ten years, while the runner-up won a car. A number of celebrity specials filled out the season.

1984 version

The show was revived in 1984 as a daily series, with some of the same elements of the '70s version. It launched with a two-week Super Champions tournament featuring fourteen winners from the Kennedy version, then segued into regular competition. Typical episodes featured Melody Roulette and the new game Tune Topics for 10 points each, and Bid-A-Note for 20; the day's winner advanced to the Golden Medley, which if won, qualified the player for a monthly tournament for the grand prize.

(Note: one week of episodes featured a notably different set and theme music, as well as being the only episodes that split the points if a round ended in a tie, rather than playing a tie-breaker tune; they are assumed to be a "pilot week" despite airing later in the season, and will be referred to as such below.)

Melody Roulette: The outer wheel had one Double space (except for the pilot week wheel, which had three). Initially, the wheels were spun before every tune to determine its value, with the inner wheel displaying amounts from $100 to $500 in increments of $100, and only the winner of the round kept their cash. The maximum number of tunes was seven in the earliest episodes, but was reduced to five shortly thereafter. In a further later change, the inner wheel displayed amounts from $250 to $1000 in increments of $250, and one spin determined the award for the winner of the round. The maximum number of tunes was increased back to seven with this change.

Tune Topics: This was the second game of the day on all episodes except for the pilot week. The orchestra would play five tunes with a specific theme. Originally, one topic was exclusively shown, but it was quickly changed to a presentation where one of five categories was shown to be chosen at random; however, it was obvious that the category was simply pre-selected as before. Ten points were given to the contestant who identified the most tunes out of the five.

Tune Countdown: This was the second round for the pilot week, and was basically a 20-second version of the Golden Medley Showdown.

Bid-a-Note played the same, except the players no longer chose the clues by number. Bonus prizes were awarded to the winners of Tune Topics/Countdown and Bid-a-Note.

Golden Medley: Each tune was worth at least $250 in prizes, with an unspecified amount in prizes - usually including a vacation - awarded for naming all seven tunes, along with an entry into the monthly tournament.

$100,000 Tournament: Each tournament episode varied in the number of contestants playing, which depended on how many of them qualified for the tournament. If more than two players were competing on any particular episode, a qualifying round was played in lieu of Melody Roulette, and the first two players to identify two tunes advanced to the next round. The two players then played Tune Topics and Bid-a-Note for 10 points each and the Golden Medley Showdown for 20. For games with two players, they played Melody Roulette and Tune Topics for 10 points each, Bid-a-Note for 20, and the Golden Medley Showdown for 40. The player with the most points at the end of the Golden Medley Showdown advanced in the tournament, with a sudden death tune played if necessary. The winner of each month's tournament final received $10,000 in cash and $90,000 in prizes, while the runner-up won a vacation package for two.

For several weeks of non-tournament shows in late 1984, a "Home Viewer Sweepstakes" was held. The day's winner picked a name out of a drum, then randomly selected one of the above prizes. A Golden Medley win by the contestant earned that prize for the home viewer.

2021 version
Each hour-long episode consists of two complete games, with two new contestants per game playing for cash through two rounds. In each round, an incorrect response by one contestant gives the opponent a chance to steal the money. Bid-a-Note is always played as the second round; the high scorer at its end keeps their entire winnings total and advances to the Golden Medley for a chance to win up to $100,000 more. Tunes in all first-round games are played as toss-ups, open for either contestant to buzz in; one tune also awards a bonus prize, which the contestant keeps regardless of the final outcome of the game.

Lyrics are sung in the first round, except for those that constitute the title. Six or seven tunes are played in each game, with each worth $1,000 (in the first season, tunes increased from $1,000-$6,000). Some tunes missed by both contestants are edited out of the program.

The rotating first-round games include:

 By Request: A contestant chooses one category from a list of six or more, and a tune fitting it is played. The one who correctly names it gets to choose the next category, with the just-used one removed from the list.
 Mixtape: All tunes fit a single topic given by the host.
On Shuffle: Contestants must name one tune by each of six different artists, chosen at random from a displayed list. Each artist is identified and removed from the list only after the tune has been named.
Remix'd: Contestants must name a series of pop tunes as they are performed in a range of different styles. After a tune is correctly named, the house band performs it in its original style.
Spin Me Round: An electronic wheel is spun before each turn to choose one of nine musical genres, and a tune from that genre is played.
 Title Track: Contestants must name tunes fitting a topic given by the host. Two topics are played, each with three tunes.
 Blank That Blank (introduced in season 3): A portion of the title for each tune is given before it is played.

Bid-a-Note is played second, with a maximum bid of 10 notes. If the low bidder misses, the opponent gets to hear all notes before responding (rather than scoring by default as before). Four tunes are played, with the first one worth $5,000 and the value increasing by $5,000 per subsequent tune up to $20,000 ($10,000-25,000 in season 1).

The high scorer advances to the Golden Medley, played as in earlier versions, with seven tunes to be named in 30 seconds and no vocals. The contestant wins $10,000 for each of the first six correct responses and an additional $40,000 for the seventh, for a top prize of $100,000. A wrong answer at any time ends the round; the contestant may pass on a tune and return to it after hearing all seven if time permits. (In celebrity episodes, a wrong answer does not end the game, but does eliminate the ability to win the full $100,000.)

Broadcast history
Name That Tune ran in prime time from 1953 to 1954 on NBC, with Red Benson hosting. It moved to CBS in Fall 1954, and hosting was taken up by Bill Cullen. George DeWitt took over in Fall 1955 until the end of its run in October 1959. Notable contestants during this period included the young singer Leslie Uggams and child actor Eddie Hodges who were followed by Betty Leary, a popular contestant whose 12 children filled the first row in the TV studio theater for seven consecutive shows.  The series finished at #30 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1956–57 season. On October 18, 1959, CBS cancelled Tune in the wake of the quiz show scandals; its final episode aired on October 19, 1959.

Richard Hayes also emceed a local edition from 1970 to 1971, which ran for 26 weeks in a small number of markets.

In 1974, the best-remembered syndicated Name That Tune premiered, hosted by Tom Kennedy, and produced by Ralph Edwards in association with Sandy Frank Productions; it would become The $100,000 Name That Tune in 1976 and continue until 1981.

Also in 1974, NBC picked up a weekday version of Name That Tune for its daytime lineup, which ran from July 29, 1974 to January 3, 1975, and was hosted by Dennis James. A second iteration of the daytime version, this time hosted by Kennedy, ran on NBC from January 3 to June 10, 1977 (replacing the Kennedy-hosted and Andrews-produced 50 Grand Slam in its timeslot). Both were lower-paying versions of the concurrent syndicated version.

The New $100,000 Name That Tune returned to syndication as a weekday series in 1984, hosted by Jim Lange and produced by Sandy Frank. It lasted one season.

Episode status
The 1950s version was likely wiped, given network practices. The March 10, 1955, episode (with Bill Cullen) and a highlight episode from the final season (with Johnny Olson announcing) are known to exist. Episodes from 1954, 1956, and 1957 are held by the Paley Center for Media.

The status of the locally produced Richard Hayes series and the NBC daytime series hosted by Dennis James and Tom Kennedy are unknown. It is unclear whether any of the stations that aired Hayes' version kept their tapes, but the James and daytime Kennedy versions were likely destroyed given NBC's practices that continued into 1980. A clip from a James episode was used in a 1988 "Game Show Hosts Special" episode of FOX's The Late Show, and a full episode from December 26 was discovered in February 2010, and uploaded to YouTube by James' son Brad in October 2019.

The syndicated Kennedy run is intact. Since producer Ralph Edwards' death, the episodes are in the possession of his estate.

The 1984 syndicated series is fully intact and was rerun on American television on a fairly heavy basis for almost a decade. Christian Broadcasting Network (now Freeform) was the first to air reruns of the series, from September 2, 1985, to August 29, 1986. USA Network picked it up on January 2, 1989, and ran it until September 13, 1991. It then returned to the renamed  The Family Channel (again, now Freeform), which aired it from June 7, 1993, to March 29, 1996. Prestige Entertainment Group, the format's current distributor, holds the rights to the syndicated Kennedy and Lange versions.

20 episodes of the 1984-85 version were added to the streaming service Tubi in June 2021.

Later pilots
A pilot was hosted by Peter Allen in 1990; it was co-produced by Marty Pasetta and Orion Television, and used gameplay that varies greatly from any previous versions of the show. Although not picked up as a series in the U.S., this format did eventually air in New Zealand under the title Face the Music.

An attempt to revive the show in 2001 with producer Phil Gurin fell through. This would have been "a game-variety hybrid," such as incorporating live performances.

In October 2006, CBS ordered a pilot for a revival with Donny Osmond as host, but it was not picked up for a series order. This attempt would have included a new bonus round where contestants guessed 15 songs in 60 seconds for a shot at $1 million.

In October 2007, it was reported that MTV Networks had bought the rights to the series and planned to create concurrent versions of the show to air on MTV, VH1 and CMT in 2008. Their musical content was to be tailored to the networks' respective formats and audiences (for example, the CMT version would have focused on country music), and the show was to be "[reinterpreted] for the digital age" with new online elements. None of these efforts ultimately made it to air.

In March 2012, it was reported that FremantleMedia had bought the rights and planned to revive the series. However, that plan never came to fruition.

In October 2017, CBS ordered another pilot for a revival, this time with Elizabeth Banks as host. However, it was not ordered to series.

2021 revival
In October 2020, it was reported that Eureka Productions and current rightsholder Prestige Entertainment were preparing to begin production of a new version of Name That Tune in Sydney, Australia for an unspecified network, with American Australians as contestants. It was filmed with a studio audience under local COVID-19 protocols. Filming began on November 17 at ICC Sydney.

On November 18, 2020, Fox officially announced the series, with actress Jane Krakowski as host and former American Idol judge Randy Jackson as bandleader. Premiering on January 6, 2021 to accompany the Masked Singer spin-off The Masked Dancer on its Wednesday-night lineup, the series co-exists on Fox's programming slate with its similar series Beat Shazam. It was co-produced by Eureka, Prestige, and Fox Alternative Entertainment.

A second season premiered on March 29, 2022, which primarily features celebrity episodes. Production was moved to Dublin, Ireland at the RDS and Font Hill Studios, with BiggerStage (which had previously collaborated with Fox Alternative Entertainment on its new talent show format The Big Deal) replacing Eureka as co-production partner.

A third season titled Celebrity Name That Tune premiered on January 11, 2023.

International versions

UK

Germany
Hast du Töne? (Do you have sound?), hosted by Matthias Opdenhövel, aired daily on VOX from 1999 to 2001. Gameplay was somewhat different from the U.S. version, but the final round was the same as the Golden Medley.

Russia
Ugaday Melodiyu (Guess the Tune), hosted by Valdis Pelšs, aired daily on Channel One Russia from 1995 to 1999. It was produced by the VIDigital. The version was presented like the German version. Later, the series was presented as Ugadai i kompaniya (Guess and company) called Ugadaika (Guessing), by Pelsh also, but it was not as successful as the first version. In 2003, the program was revived and aired for two years on Channel One Russia. Gameplay remained the same and the only difference was the size of prizes.

On 2 January 2013, the program was once again revived, and since 2017, it has been aired during winter holidays. Starting from January 2023, the show continues to air without Fremantle's involvement in the production due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Brazil
Qual é a Música? ("What Song Is It?" or "Which Song Is It?"), hosted by Silvio Santos, has been a hit on Sistema Brasileiro de Televisao for the past two decades. The show is currently placed on hiatus.

Italy
Il Musichiere (The Musician) aired on Saturdays from 1957 to 1960 on the then-called National Program, but it ended after the conductor Mario Riva accidentally fell from the stadium and subsequently died. Sarabanda (Sarabanda), aired from 1997 to 2004 and 2005 on Italia 1 and presented by Enrico Papi, in 2009 on Canale 5 by Teo Mammucari with participation of Belen Rodriguez and in 2017 again on Italia 1 with the return of Enrico Papi, in some games he was inspired by the 70s and 80s versions of Name That Tune. Name That Tune – Indovina la canzone is on air from September 2020 on TV8 in the first two editions with Papi, replaced in the third by Ciro Priello with the participation of Fabio Balsamo (both members of the comedy group of The Jackal), focuses on the challenge between two teams of famous people in Italy. This formula mixes the variety and the quiz.

Poland
Jaka to melodia (What Melody Is It?) was first broadcast on September 4, 1997 on TVP1 and currently airs seven days a week. From 1997 to 2018 the show was hosted by Robert Janowski, an actor and singer. During the 2018/2019 season Norbi served as a host, but on September 7, 2019, that role was taken over by Rafał Brzozowski.

The show combines a standard music quiz and musical performances performed by either the host, the in-house band and singers or guests (including artists who perform given song originally). Three players comptete at the beginning of each episode which consists of four rounds (including the final round – Golden Medley). The grand prize for a finalist who successfully completes the Golden Medley is PLN 10,000 in a regular episode and PLN 80,000 in the finale of the month or the finale of the year (although formerly the grand prize of the finale was PLN 10,000 and a car). Typically, episodes aired on Saturdays and Sundays feature celebrities (unless the finale of the month is played), whose appearance on the show, and the style of episodes of that kind, is criticised by the program's fans.

Vietnam
The Vietnamese version was called Nốt nhạc vui (Happy Notes). 272 episodes of the show aired from January 14, 2004, to March 25, 2009. It became popular and was among the most-watched TV series of Ho Chi Minh City Television. Thanh Bạch is the host of that version.

Name That Video

Name That Video was a variation of the series that aired in 2001 on VH1. The show was hosted by Karyn Bryant and featured contestants competing to name song titles by viewing the music video. The show's credits note the use of Name That Tune (Video) by permission.

Merchandise

Arcade game
In 1986, a coin-operated arcade game based on the 1984 version of the show was released by Bally/Sente Technologies, created by Owen Rubin. The show's bandleader, Tommy Oliver, was hired as the game's music consultant. The player's task was to guess the tune being played from among four choices. It also featured a two-player mode.

While playable, critics and players considered the machine's difficulty to be high due to the technical limits of the very basic synthesized music the machine was capable of generating, and songs being too difficult to name mostly because the wrong audience was targeted as teenage players of the arcade era simply weren't interested in trying to name songs from the 1940s through the 1970s. Critics also believed the game would have served better as a tabletop unit for bars and other adult-oriented entertainment establishments instead of as an arcade game.

The game only utilized three of the six games shown in the 1984 version of the show, Tune Topics, Bid-a-Note, and The Golden Medley. The game required the player to score 18,000 points, playing five tunes apiece in the Tune Topics and Bid-a-Note rounds. In Tune Topics, the player scored up to 990 points per tune based on how quickly they named it. In Bid-a-Note, the value of each tune was determined by how many notes the player requested, starting at 100 for nine and increasing by 100 for each note below that threshold (to a maximum of 900 for one). For both rounds, the player had to correctly name at least three out of five tunes in order to score a bonus that started at 9,900 points and counted down throughout the round.

If the player failed to score at least 18,000 points after both rounds, the game ended immediately. Reaching this minimum allowed the player to enter the Golden Medley, with the goal of naming five tunes in 15 seconds. Each tune had three choices instead of four; the fourth button could be used to pass. Tunes were scored as in Tune Topics, and successfully completing the round awarded a bonus as in the other two rounds. If time ran out or the player made an incorrect guess, the game ended and the bonus was forfeited.

Sente had developed several different upgrade chips for the game containing different musical selections and game modes, but it is unknown if they were shelved or destroyed as the game was a flop.

Video game
A game based on the show was released for the short-lived CD-i home console. This version was hosted by Bob Goen and was based on the unsold 1990 Peter Allen version of the show.

Mobile phone game
In 2003, a mobile phone version of the game appeared on major U.S. cellular providers. The game follows the traditional format, with MIDI interpretations of popular and classic music played in short clips. The player then has several seconds to correctly identify the tune. Prizes such as free ringtones were available, a first in the mobile industry. The game is often mentioned as a pioneer in the emerging wireless entertainment industry.

DVD games
In 2005, Imagination Games released a DVD game called Name That Tune: 80s Edition. The DVD game featured elements from the TV show, as well as Name That Video, like the Bid-A-Vid round.

In 2007, Imagination Games re-released Name That Tune: 80s Edition, under the new name Name That Tune Eighties.

References

External links
Harry Salter papers at the University of Wyoming – American Heritage Center
Name That Tune (1953 version) on IMDb
Name That Tune (1974 daytime version) on IMDb
Name That Tune (1974 syndicated version) on IMDb
Name That Tune (1977 daytime version) on IMDb
Name That Tune (1984 version) on IMDb
Name That Tune (2021 version) on IMDb

1950s American game shows
1950s American radio programs
1950s Australian game shows
1953 American television series debuts
1956 Australian television series debuts
1957 Australian television series endings
1959 American television series endings
1970 American television series debuts
1970s American game shows
1970s Australian game shows
1971 American television series endings
1974 American television series debuts
1975 Australian television series debuts
1975 Australian television series endings
1980s American game shows
1981 American television series endings
1984 American television series debuts
1985 American television series endings
2020s American game shows
2021 American television series debuts
American television series revived after cancellation
Black-and-white American television shows
Black-and-white Australian television shows
CBS original programming
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Guessing games
Musical game shows
NBC original programming
NBC radio programs
Television series by Eureka
Television series by Fox Entertainment
Television series by Ralph Edwards Productions
Television shows filmed in Australia
Television shows filmed in the Republic of Ireland

Name That Tune


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Il est cofondateur de l'association d'artistes bruxellois La Chrysalide.

En 1882, il voyage en Italie puis dans le sud de la France, où il découvre Antibes.

Il peint des paysages, des natures mortes et des scènes de la vie quotidienne et expose au Salon des artistes français (1890 et 1891).

Il épouse Jeanne Marie Eugénie Lépine en 1887. En 1893, ils habitent au château de Passins.

Domicilié ensuite à Cannes, il meurt à Antibes à l'âge de 44 ans.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Peintre belge du XIXe siècle
Naissance en janvier 1854
Naissance en Belgique
Décès en février 1898
Décès à Antibes
Décès à 44 ans

Auguste-Ernest Sembach


Hikaru Kuba (født 9. april 1990) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Nagoya Grampus og Ehime FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hikaru Kuba


Johann Kapsch (* 1. März 1845 in Gottschee, heutiges Kočevje, Slowenien; † 28. September 1921 in Wien) war ein österreichischer Unternehmer und Gründer der Firma Kapsch Gruppe.

Anfang der 1860er Jahre kam Johann Kapsch aus Gottschee, heutiges Kočevje, einem Ort in der ehemaligen Region der Gottscheer, nach Wien um eine Lehre als Mechaniker zu beginnen. Am 20. November 1871 heiratete er Theresia Panzer, sie hatten 10 Kinder, 5 Buben und 5 Mädchen. Am 31. Oktober 1892, im Alter von 47 Jahren, gründete er in der Schottenfeldgasse 53 in Wien-Neubau als Einzelunternehmen die feinmechanische Werkstätte Kapsch mit 18 Mitarbeitern. Die Firma stellte elektromechanische Komponenten für das Telefon- und Telegrafienetz, aber auch frühe Batterien wie das Leclanché-Element her. Primärer und über lange Jahre hinweg einziger Kunde war die Post- und Telegraphenverwaltung in Österreich-Ungarn.

Am 3. Juni 1904 wurde, nach dem Eintritt von vier Söhnen in das Unternehmen, dieses in eine Offene Handelsgesellschaft (OHG) mit dem Titel "Kapsch und Söhne, Fabrik für Telephon-, Telegraphen- und Präzisionsinstrumentenbau" umgewandelt. 1912 übersiedelte der als Patriarch geltende Johann Kapsch auf den Wienerberg, wo die Firma Kapsch Gruppe mit Stand 2012 ihren Hauptsitz hat. Im Jahr 1916 erfolgte die Umwandlung in eine Aktiengesellschaft. Die Aktien von Johann Kapsch wurden nach dessen Tod 1921 unter seinen Söhnen aufgeteilt, die Töchter erhielten keine Firmenanteile.

Literatur

Gottscheer Persönlichkeiten: Johann Kapsch (Gottscheer Zeitung, April 2011, Seite 5) (PDF; 2,6 MB)

Unternehmer (Elektrotechnik)
Unternehmer (Wien)
Unternehmer (Österreich-Ungarn)
Gottscheer
Person (Cisleithanien)
Österreicher
Geboren 1845
Gestorben 1921
Mann

Johann Kapsch


Ranulfo Drengot (también Ranulph, Rainulf, o Rannulf; fallecido en junio de 1045) fue un aventurero normando y el primer conde de Aversa (1030-1045).

Llegada a Italia
Cuando uno de los numerosos hermanos de Rainulfo, Osmond, fue exiliado por Ricardo I de Normandía por el asesinato de uno de sus parientes, Rainulfo, Osmond y sus hermanos Gilbert, Asclettin y Raulf partieron en peregrinación hacia el santuario de San Miguel Arcángel en Monte Sant'Angelo, situado en el catapanato de Italia. Llevaron con ellos un ejército de 250 hombres formado por otros exiliados, segundones de familias nobiliarios y aventureros.

En 1017, este grupo llegó al Mezzogiorno, que vivía en una situación de anarquía. Tras establecer una fortaleza en el Monte Gargano en Apulia, se unieron al ejército Lombardo de Melo de Bari, que se había levantado en armas contra el gobierno bizantino en la zona. El enfrentamiento más duro tuvo lugar en las cercanías de Cannas, y la coalición normando-lombarda fue aplastada por un ejército bizantino guiado por el catapán Basilio Boioanes. Los normandos quedaron diezamados y Gilbert, hermano de Ranulfo, murió en la batalla. Rainulfo se convirtió en el líder indiscutible de los normandos y se retiró con el resto de sus hombres a Campania, donde, según Amatus de Montecassino, consiguieron aprovecharse de las rivalidades entre los distintos señores lombardos para reforzar su posición.

Consolidación
Comenzaron a proteger, a cambio de pago, a los grupos de peregrinos que se dirigían al santuario de San Miguel. Rainulfo sirvió también a las órdenes de Pandulfo IV de Capua. "Bajo su proección", escribió Amato, "saquearon los lugares cercanos y acosaron a los enemigos. Pero como los pensamientos humanos están inclinados hacia la avaricia y el dinero siempre triunfa, de vez en cuando le abandonaban… Vendían sus servicios como podían, según las circunstancias, ofreciendo más al que más daba." Pronto el equilibrio de poder en la Campania lombarda estaba en manos de los normandos: "Porque los normandos nunca desearon que ninguno de los lombardos obtuviera una victoria decisiva, si esto les ponía en desventaja. Pero ahora apoyando a unos y ayudando a los otros, evitaban que cualquiera quedara completamente arruinado."

Refuerzos normandos y desafectos locales, que eran bienvenidos sin preguntas en el campamento de Rainulfo, incrementaron las fuerzas del comandante normando. El idioma y las costumbres normandas contribuyeron a convertir un dispar grupo de individuos en algo similar a una nación

Nápoles
Finalmente, Rainulfo se puso al servicio de Sergio IV de Nápoles, con el que obtuvo varios triunfos. En 1030, el duque Sergio le entregó la Antigua Fortaleza bizantina de Aversa al norte de Nápoles, junto con el título de conde y la mano de su hermana en matrimonio. En 1034, a la muerte de su esposa, Rainulfo se casó con la hija de duque de Amalfi, que era, a su vez, sobrina de Pandulfo IV, enemigo irreconciliable de Sergio. Rainulfo procedió entonces a expandir sus territorios a costa de la abadía de Montecasino. Su título de conde de Aversa fue reconocido por el emperador Conrado II. Tras derrotar a los bizantinos en 1038, se proclamó príncipe, formalizando su independencia de Nápoles y del resto de señores lombardos. Conquistó el principado de Pandulfo y Conrado aprobó la unión de los dos territorios, creando el mayor estado de sur de Italia. En 1039 estaba en el bando de Guaimario IV de Salerno y el emperador Conrado.

Últimos años
Ranulfo fue uno de los líderes de la coalición anti-bizantina que se rebeló en el sur de Italia en 1040. Tomó parte en la decisiva victoria de Olivento en marzo de 1041. En 1042, tras la victoria de su aliado Guillermo Brazo de Hierro, recibió de los antiguos territorios bizantinos, el control sobre Siponto y Monte Gargano. Falleció en junio de 1045, siendo sucedido por su sobrino Asclettin, hijo de su hermano Asclettin de Acerenza.

Bibliografía
 Norman World: Los primeros gobernantes normandos
 Lexikon des Mittlealters vol. VII, p 422

Notas

Enlaces externos
 "Sicily/Naples, Nobility (Conti d'Aversa)"

Normandos en la Italia meridional
Nacidos en año desconocido
Fallecidos en 1045
Militares de Italia del siglo XI
Gobernantes del siglo XI
Nobles de Italia del siglo XI

Ranulfo Drengot


Henry Roberts (* 16. April 1803 in Philadelphia, USA; † 9. März 1876 in Florenz) war ein britischer Architekt, bekannt für seine Entwicklung von Modellbehausungen für Industriearbeiter in der aufkommenden Industrialisierung in England.

Leben und Wirken
Henry Roberts wurde 1803 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania als Sohn eines englisch-amerikanischen Handelsmannes geboren. Kurz nach seiner Geburt kehrte seine Familie nach Großbritannien zurück.
1818 begann Roberts eine siebenjährige Lehre bei Charles Fowler. Danach besuchte er die Royal Academy und arbeitete für Robert Smirke. Daneben nahm er an diversen Wettbewerben teil.

1828 begab er sich auf eine Italienreise. Besonders beeindruckt zeigte er sich vom Ospedale L'Albergo Reale dei Poveri, einem Armenhaus in Neapel, das als philanthropisches Projekt von Karl III. 1751 in Auftrag gegeben wurde. 1830 kehrte er nach London zurück und eröffnete sein eigenes Büro. 1832 gewann er den Wettbewerb für die Fishmongers Hall. Zu dieser Zeit baute er auch eine Reihe von Landhäusern für die englische Aristokratie und nahm George Gilbert Scott als Lehrling auf, welcher Roberts später als unabhängigen, höflichen, religiösen, präzisen und ruhigen Mann beschreiben sollte. 1844 wurde Roberts zum Architekten der Brighton, Croydon, Dover and Greenwich Railway ernannt.

Bereits seit 1825 beschäftigte sich Roberts mit dem Entwurf für Wohnbauten und -siedlungen für Industriearbeiter. In der aufkommenden Industrialisierung war die Behausung für Industriearbeiter ein drängendes Problem, unter anderem führten die schlechten sanitären Verhältnisse der Elendssiedlungen zu wiederkehrenden Krankheitsepidemien. Zu dieser Zeit bildeten sich in England eine Reihe philanthropischer Gesellschaften die sich diesem Problem annehmen wollten. Ab 1844 steht Roberts in engem Kontakt zur Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes. Für diese Organisation und später auch für die Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes entwarf Roberts eine Reihe von innovativen Arbeitersiedlungen, wie zum Beispiel die Modellsiedlung an der Streatham Street in Bloomsbury. Für die Weltausstellung von 1851 entwarf er im Auftrag von Prince Albert einen Prototyp eines zweigeschossigen Arbeiterhauses mit vier Wohnungen, welche paarweise um ein gemeinsames Treppenhaus angeordnet sind. Dieser Modelltyp hatte für den Rest des Jahrhunderts großen Einfluss auf die weitere Planung von Arbeiterhäusern.

Roberts gab neben seinem architektonischen Schaffen auch zahlreiche in diverse Sprachen übersetzte Schriften zur Reformbewegung heraus.

Seine letzten Lebensjahre verbrachte Roberts in Italien. Er starb 1876 in Florenz.

Publikationen
 The Dwellings of the Labouring Classes, 1850.
 The Improvement of the Dwellings of the Labouring Classes through the Operation of Government Measures, 1859.
 The Essentials of a Healthy Dwelling and the Extension of its Benefits to the Labouring Population, 1862.
 The Physical Condition of the Labouring Classes, Resulting from the State of their Dwellings, 1866.
 Efforts on the Continent for Improving the Dwellings of the Labouring Classes, 1874.

Weblinks
 Biografie auf european route of industrial heritage(auf englisch)
 Das Modellhaus auf der Weltausstellung 1851 (auf englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Architekt (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Brite
Geboren 1803
Gestorben 1876
Mann

Henry Roberts (Architekt)


Sodeto ist ein spanisches Dorf in der Gemeinde Alberuela de Tubo der Comarca (Verwaltungseinheit) Monegros in der Provinz Huesca der Region Aragonien.

Geografie
Sodeto hatte 2011 228 Einwohner. Das Dorf liegt auf 330 m Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel am Fuß des namensgebenden Berges Sodeto. Durch einen Bewässerungskanal wird Wasser herangeführt, das einen intensiven Ackerbau ermöglicht. Daneben wird auf den sehr trockenen Böden Viehzucht betrieben.

Geschichte
1950 wurde Sodeto als Neugründung des Instituto Nacional de Colonización y de Desarollo Rural, des nach dem Spanischen Bürgerkriegs 1939 gegründeten Nationalinstituts für Kolonisation und ländliche Entwicklung als planmäßige Anlage erbaut. Das erschlossene Neuland war enteignet worden und hatte bis dahin zu den Ländereien des Herzogs von Villahermosa gehört.

Weihnachtslotterie 2011
Die spanische Weihnachtslotterie 2011 brachte für Sodeto und weitere Dörfer in der Umgebung einen Gesamtgewinn von 120 Millionen €. In Sodeto hatten alle Einwohner bis auf einen mindestens ein Los erworben, auf das jeweils ein Gewinn von 50.000 € entfiel.

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Aragonien
Provinz Huesca
Gegründet 1950

Sodeto


Hitoshi Morishita (født 21. september 1972) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller og træner.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Gamba Osaka og Consadole Sapporo.

Han har tidligere trænet Júbilo Iwata, Kyoto Sanga FC, Sagan Tosu og Thespakusatsu Gunma.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Hitoshi Morishita (fodboldspiller, født 1972)


Hajtovka este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Stará Ľubovňa din regiunea Prešov, pe malul râului Poprad. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 69 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Hajtovka este atestată documentar din 1427.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Hajtovka


Le col de Jétas est un col de montagne pédestre des Pyrénées à  d'altitude dans le département français des Hautes-Pyrénées, en Occitanie.

Il relie la vallon de Montarrouyes et la vallée d'Aulon en vallée d'Aure dans la réserve d'Aulon.

Toponymie

Géographie
Le col de Jétas est situé entre le Pichaley () au nord et le Montarrouyet () au sud. Il surplombe à l'ouest les trois lacs de Bastan (supérieur, du milieu et inférieur) et le lac de Portarras () à l'est.

Histoire

Protection environnementale

La partie est du col fait partie d'une zone naturelle protégée, classée ZNIEFF de type 1 : vallée d'Aulon et soulane de Vielle-Aure.

Voies d'accès
Le versant ouest est accessible par une variante du sentier de grande randonnée GR 10, GR10C. Depuis le col de Portet en passant par le refuge du Bastan
Par le versant est depuis le village d'Aulon par les granges de Lurgues, par le sentier en longeant le ruisseau du Lavedan.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des cols des Hautes-Pyrénées
 Liste des cols des Pyrénées

Liens externes

Jétas
Jétas
Massif de l'Arbizon

Col de Jétas


Vilhelm 5., hertug af Bayern (født 29. september 1548 i Landshut – død 7. februar 1626 i Schleißheim, Oberösterreich) var fra 1579 til 1597 hertug af Bayern.

Vilhelm 5. var søn af hertug Albert 5. af Bayern og dattersøn af kejser Ferdinand 1..

Vilhelm 5. var gift med Renata af Lothringen. Hun var datter af Christine af Danmark og datterdatter af den nordiske unionskonge Christian 2.. De blev blandt andre forældre til kurfyrste Maximilian 1. af Bayern og Maria Anna af Bayern (gift med kejser Ferdinand 2.).

Huset Wittelsbach
Hertuger af Bayern

Vilhelm 5., hertug af Bayern


Kovalenko  es un jútor del raión de Séverskaya, en el krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla izquierda del Ubin, afluente del río Afips, de la cuenca del Kubán, 11 km al norte de Séverskaya y 23 km al suroeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 641 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Afípskoye.

Dos kilómetros al nordeste se halla el embalse Shapsúgskoye, en la desembocadura del Afips.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Коваленко (Краснодарский край).
Sobre el municipio .
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net
 en Panoramio

Localidades del raión de Séverskaya del krai de Krasnodar

Kovalenko (Séverskaya, Krasnodar)


Julien Ingrassia (26 de noviembre de 1979, Aix-en-Provence, Francia) es un copiloto de rally francés que compite en el Campeonato Mundial de Rally con su compatriota Sebastien Ogier. Con Ogier ha logrado el campeonato junior en 2008, 7 victorias y 13 podios en el mundial.

En 2012 iniciada la temporada en el Rally de Montecarlo, Ogier e Ingrassia sufren un fuerte accidente en el décimo tramo causando gravas heridas en un brazo a Ingrassia.

El 7 de octubre de 2021, Julien Ingrassia anunció su decisión de terminar su carrera como copiloto al final de la temporada 2021 después de 16 temporadas junto a Sebastien Ogier.

Palmarés

Títulos

Resultados Campeonato Mundial

Resultados Campeonato Junior

Resultados IRC

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página con información (en inglés)

Copilotos de rally
Pilotos de rally de Francia
Nacidos en Aix-en-Provence

Julien Ingrassia


Antofagasta plc es un grupo minero internacional, con sede en Chile y es uno de los diez mayores productores de cobre del mundo. Recogiendo sus lazos históricos con la región minera de Antofagasta, la compañía nace luego de la adquisición por la familia Luksic del antiguo Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia (FCAB), en 1979. Recogiendo la visión del grupo de desarrollar una minería de clase mundial desde el norte de Chile, la empresa rápidamente se convirtió en el principal grupo minero privado chileno. Así, al año 2020, sus cuatro operaciones -Antucoya, Centinela, Zaldívar y Pelambres- produjeron 733.900 toneladas de cobre, además de molibdeno, oro y plata como subproductos. Antofagasta plc está listada en la Bolsa de Valores de Londres y desde el año 2004 está incluida en el FTSE 100, índice compuesto por las 100 compañías de mayor capitalización.

Su división de transportes, encabezada por el FCAB, transporta más de 6,4 millones de toneladas al año en la zona norte de Chile, uno de los principales hubs mineros del mundo. El grupo tiene una cartera de proyectos mineros, en Chile y Estados Unidos, que aseguran su crecimiento sustentable, además de diversas iniciativas de exploración y crecimiento.

Historia

El grupo tiene su antecedente en el Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia, empresa que estaba listada en la Bolsa de Valores de Londres, desde 1888, y cuyo giro era la operación de la vía férrea entre la ciudad de Antofagasta, en el norte de Chile, y La Paz, capital de Bolivia.

En 1980, el Grupo Luksic adquiere una mayoría de las acciones del FCAB, las que luego se integraron bajo el nombre de Antofagasta Holdings.

Durante la década de los 80, y siguiendo la visión del fundador del grupo, Andrónico Luksic Abaroa, de diversificar el giro del holding y desarrollar minería de clase mundial desde su región de origen, la compañía adquirió en 1983 el yacimiento minero de Michilla, constituyéndose como Minera Michilla en 1993. La operación fue vendida en 2016 a la empresa de mediana minería Haldeman Mining Company S.A.

En 1985, Antofagasta adquiere Anaconda Chile y con ello el yacimiento de Los Pelambres, ubicado en la Región de Coquimbo. Se trata de una mina que ya había sido reconocida en la década del 20 por el empresario Willian Burford Braden, y que ofrecía la ventaja de ser uno de los depósitos de cobre más grandes de Chile y del mundo y, por lo tanto, otorgaba la base para un crecimiento relevante en la actividad minera del grupo.

En 1996, Antofagasta Holdings transfirió sus actividades no mineras –industriales, telecomunicaciones y bancaria- a Quiñenco SA, también propiedad de la familia Luksic. Esto le permitió a Antofagasta concentrarse en el desarrollo de Minera Los Pelambres, cuya construcción inició en 1997. Este yacimiento se encuentra en la región de Coquimbo. Así, tras una fuerte inversión en 1999 comienza a operar el yacimiento. Hoy es uno de los mayores productores de cobre de Chile, con 359.600 toneladas de cobre al año (2020).

En 2011, Antofagasta pone en marcha Minera Antucoya, yacimiento ubicado en la Región de Antofagasta, ubicado a 125 kilómetros al noroeste de la ciudad de Antofagasta y a 1.700 metros de altura. Esta operación presenta el desafío de tener que ser eficiente y moderna ya que tiene una ley promedio de 0,35%.

En 2014 se crea Minera Centinela, también ubicada en la Región de Antofagasta, la cual unificó las operaciones ya existentes de Minera El Tesoro (2001) y Minera Esperanza (2011), para aprovechar las sinergias entre ambos yacimientos y proyectarse como un único distrito minero. Esto con el fin de hacer un mejor uso de las condiciones geográficas, técnicas y logísticas que hacían posible una planificación y operación integradas.

Tanto Antucoya como Centinela usan agua de mar sin desalar para producir cobre, técnica en la que Antofagasta Minerals es pionera, ya que empezó a utilizar agua de mar en su operación inicial, Michilla. En Centinela, además se implementó, por primera vez en Chile, el uso de relaves espesados, es decir, relaves que contienen menos agua que los tradicionales.

En 2015, Antofagasta plc toma el control de Twin Metals, proyecto minero de cobre, níquel y cobalto, ubicado en el área norte del estado de Minessota, Estados Unidos. Actualmente, se encuentra en fase de aprobación de los distintos permisos, tanto estatales como federales, que requiere para iniciar su construcción.

También en 2015, el grupo adquirió el 50% de la propiedad y la operación de Minera Zaldívar, yacimiento de cobre ubicado a 175 kilómetros al sudeste de Antofagasta, operado hasta ese entonces por Barrick Gold.

Operaciones
Antofagasta plc es uno de los mayores productores de cobre a nivel mundial, con una producción, al año 2020, de 733.900 toneladas de cobre, además de molibdeno, oro y plata como subproductos. Sus operaciones mineras se concentran en Chile, a través de las compañías mineras Los Pelambres (con el 60% de la propiedad), Centinela (con el 70% de la propiedad), Antucoya (con el 70% de la propiedad) y Zaldívar (con el 50% de la propiedad).

El grupo explota además una extensa red de transporte en el norte de Chile, con el nombre de Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia (FCAB), empresa de la cual controla el 100% del capital, y que transporta al año más de 6,4 millones de toneladas de minerales, insumos mineros y otros productos.

Propiedad
El 65% de la propiedad de Antofagasta plc pertenece al grupo empresarial chileno ligado a la familia Luksic.

Enlaces externos
 official Web oficial de Antofagasta PLC
 Mina de Pelambres
 Mina de El Tesoro
 Antofagasta Minerals

Empresas de Reino Unido
Empresas con sede en Londres
Empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa de Londres
Empresas de minería de cobre de Chile
Chile en 1888
Grupos empresariales de Chile

Antofagasta PLC


Branko Uvodić (Našice, 25. travnja 1954.) je hrvatski televizijski voditelj, spiker i urednik.

Životopis
Branko Uvodić rođen je 1954. godine u Našicama. Do studija u Amaterskom kazalištu u Našicama nastupao je punih sedam godina. U Zagrebu završio je Fakultet vanjske trgovine, a još kao student prijavio se na audiciju Radio-televizije Zagreb. Na Institutu za fonetiku Filozofskoga fakulteta pola godine pohađao je vježbe dikcije, interpretacije, disanja i vladanja pred kamerama. Zaposlenik Televizije Zagreb je od 1974. godine gdje je počeo raditi kao najavljivač. Postao je redoviti dio emisija TV kalendar, Dnevnika, Kulturnog pregleda, Jučer, danas, sutra, u sinkronizacijama domaćega i inozemnog programa. Radio je u emisiji Zdravo, mladi, te u stvaranju emisija Dnevnik 10, Kritična točka, Televizijski obiteljski magazin, Nek' tambura svira i Domovnica. Voditelj je i urednik prijenosa društveno-političkih zbivanja (Vlak slobode i dr.). Najviše uspjeha ostvario je folklorno-glazbenom emisijom Lijepom našom, koja je postala vrlo omiljena i važni društveni događaj, osobito u malim mjestima gdje je snimana.

Nagrade i priznanja
Nagrade:
 1997.: Godišnja HRT-ova nagrada, za emisiju Lijepom našom.
 2015.: Nagrada Ivan Šibl, HRT-ova nagrada za životno djelo.
Priznanja:
 2015.: Zlatna plaketa "Grb grada Vinkovaca".
 2016.: Počasni građanin Grada Našica.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
  Branko Uvodic, na IMDb

Životopisi, Našice
Urednici na HTV-u
Voditelji na HTV-u

Branko Uvodić


é uma personagem fictícia da franquia Pokémon e uma das protagonistas de sua sexta geração de jogos, composta pelos títulos Pokémon X e Y. Ela atua como a opção feminina para personagem do jogador ou a personagem rival quando sua contraparte masculina Calem é escolhida. Na narrativa de X e Y, Serena é uma jovem que viaja pela região de Kalos com seus amigos enquanto participa de batalhas Pokémon contra os oito líderes de ginásio locais. Simultaneamente ela auxilia o professor Sycamore em suas pesquisas sobre mega evolução e confronta os planos de destruição mundial da vilanesca Equipe Flare. Serena em seguida foi adaptada para o anime e muitos mangás da franquia.

Já tendo sido razoavelmente bem recebida por sua aparência e participação nos jogos eletrônicos, Serena se popularizou verdadeiramente com sua versão em Pokémon: A Série XYZ onde é apresentada como amiga de infância do protagonista Ash Ketchum e eventualmente a única de suas companheiras de viagem a demonstrar claros interesses românticos por ele, o que é manifestado por um beijo no último episódio da temporada XYZ.

Criação
O design da personagem Serena foi criado por Ken Sugimori e Atsuko Nishida para a versão do videogame. Quanto à versão em anime, ela foi criada por Toshihito Hirooka, e para a versão em mangá por Satoshi Yamamoto. Junichi Masuda, o designer dos jogos Pokémon, escolheu a França como cenário para a região de Kalos, que é a região principal em Pokémon X e Y. Com base nisso, os dois personagens principais deste jogo, Calem e Serena, são retratados como pessoas francesas. Masuda explicou que "Com X e Y queríamos focar no tema da beleza. Do ponto de vista japonês, quando pensamos em design, comida, moda – muitas pessoas vão para França para receber formação". Tendo essa temática em mente, os personagens foram criados de forma a serem estilosos. O jogador ainda pode alterar o cabelo, cor de pele e acessórios de Serena dentro de boutiques encontradas no jogo. Masuda também apontou que para ele os franceses andam muito rápido então Serena e Calem também deveriam ter uma velocidade de movimento maior que a dos jogos anteriores. Na versão demo de Pokémon Y apresentada durante o evento Pokémon Game Show em agosto de 2013 a personagem se chamava .

Assim como seus antecessores, Serena atua no padrão protagonista silencioso nos jogos eletrônicos. Ela só começou a transmitir diálogos sonoros em Pokémon Masters EX, cuja voz é preenchida por Jackie Lastra em inglês e Akari Kitoo em japonês.
No anime a dubladora japonesa de Serena é Mayuki Makiguchi e na versão em inglês é Haven Paschall.

Aparições

Nos jogos

No jogo Pokémon X e Y, Serena é o nome padrão para a personagem feminina que os jogadores podem escolher no início do jogo. Se um jogador escolher Calem (o personagem masculino), então Serena se tornará sua rival. Na narrativa quando é selecionada, Serena acaba de se mudar com sua mãe para a cidade Vaniville na região de Kalos onde se torna amiga de Shauna, Tierno, Trevor e Calem. Ela recebe seu Pokémon inicial de Tierno, podendo este ser Fennekin, Froakie ou Chespin, enquanto o rival escolhe o Pokémon que tem vantagem sobre o jogador. O grupo de amigos é convidado a ir até Lumiose se encontrar com o professor Sycamore, a quem aceitam dar auxílio em suas pesquisas sobre mega evolução. Viajando por Kalos, eles batalham em ginásios para conseguir insígnias mas também notam que a região vem sofrendo quedas de energia. Serena conhece a maléfica Equipe Flare cujo líder Lysandre pretende aniquilar parte da população mundial para retornar o mundo a um estado mais belo e parte para detê-los. Após algumas investigações ela também encontra AZ, o antigo rei de Kalos que lhe alerta sobre uma arma movida pelo Pokémon lendário Xerneas (na versão X) ou Yveltal (na versão Y). Acompanhada por Shauna e Calem, Serena consegue capturar o lendário e em seguida derrotar Lysandre, fugindo da base da Equipe Flare antes que fosse destruída.

Retomando sua jornada, Serena adquire todas as insígnias de ginásio e segue para a Elite Quatro, os treinadores mais fortes da região. Após vencê-los, ela enfrenta e supera a campeã Diantha. Conforme um desfile é organizado para a nova campeã e salvadora de Kalos, o antigo rei AZ surge para desafiar Serena e reconhece sua força após a batalha.

No anime

No anime, Serena se torna a companheira de viagem de Ash Ketchum na região de Kalos junto de Clemont e Bonnie. Ela treina coreografias e performances com seus Pokémon, cujo principal é uma Fennekin, para se tornar a "Rainha de Kalos", um título dado à melhor Performer Pokémon da região. Ela e Ash se conheceram ainda crianças quando ambos participaram do Acampamento de Verão realizado pelo Professor Carvalho na Cidade de Pallet. Durante o evento, Serena se perdeu na floresta mas foi resgatada por Ash que também tratou seus ferimentos com um lenço. Anos mais tarde, ao saber que Ash tinha vindo para a região de Kalos, Serena decidiu segui-lo com a intenção inicial de devolver o lenço. Ela depois aprende sobre as Exibições Pokémon, apresentações artísticas entre treinadores e seus companheiros, e resolve buscar essa carreira com sua Fennekin e um Pancham que ela captura. Serena e Ash se reencontram algumas vezes até decidirem percorrer Kalos juntos. Ela sofre uma derrota na Exibição Pokémon Inaugural, que foi então marcada por sua decisão de cortar o cabelo e mudar sua aparência. Eventualmente a Fennekin evolui para Braixen e ela captura uma Eevee que evolui para Sylveon. Enquanto continua competindo, Serena forma suas próprias rivais, como Miette e Nini, mas busca derrotar Aria, a atual Rainha de Kalos. Ela logo conquista três Chaves de Princesa, itens que comprovam sua aptidão, e compete na exibição de classe mestre onde finalmente enfrenta Aria na última rodada. Mesmo perdendo, Serena se contenta e reflete em seus planos para o futuro. Através de motivação dada por Ash, Serena então decide entrar na competição que ocorrerá em Hoenn. Antes de dizer adeus, ele beija Ash e confessa os sentimentos de amor que foram escondidos por tanto tempo.

Serena retorna na terceira parte de Pokémon: Jornadas com sua Braixen tendo evoluído para Delphox. No episódio Reunidos pela primeira vez! é mostrado que ela se tornou amiga da performer Elisia da cidade Lilycove em Hoenn. Ela motiva Chloe a participar de uma Exibição local e se reencontra com Ash. No final do episódio os dois se despendem prometendo sempre torcer um pelo outro. Já em Parceiros para sempre! Serena é vista com May e Max torcendo por Ash durante as finais contra Leon e depois comemorando a vitória de seu amigo.

Outras mídias
Em Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS e Wii U há um troféu colecionável de Serena e Calem, chamados simplesmente de "Pokémon Trainer (X & Y). Além disso, no mesmo jogo e em sua sequência Super Smash Bros. Ultimate a oitava aparência alternativa do Jigglypuff faz com que ele vista o chapéu vermelho com óculos escuros de Serena. Serena também aparece como personagem jogável no jogo para celular Pokémon Masters EX. Em 2020, em preparação para as expansões de Pokémon Sword e Shield, a Pokémon Company produziu um clipe musical animado chamado "GOTCHA!" para promover os jogos. O clipe, que conta com a música Acacia da banda japonesa Bump of Chicken, mostra diversos personagens e momentos da franquia, incluindo um duelo entre Serena e um Greninja contra Mewtwo. Serena também aparece no terceiro episódio O Visionário da websérie Pokémon Evoluções onde está no papel de personagem rival. Durante o episódio ela e Shauna assistem a batalha de Calem contra Lysandre. Ela possui cartas próprias no jogo de cartas ilustradas oficial da franquia, Pokémon Trading Card Game, tanto sozinha quanto compartilhadas com seus parceiros Pokémon.

A versão de Serena no mangá Pokémon Adventures, chamada aqui de  e apelidada de Y, é uma das personagens principais do arco "X & Y". Nessa continuidade ela é uma aspirante a treinadora aérea, tendo escolhido se tornar uma para se opor às expectativas das pessoas de seguir os passos de sua mãe como corredora de Rhyhorn. A versão de Serena do anime protagoniza os três filmes animados da temporada XY: Diancie e o Casulo da Destruição, Hoopa e o Duelo Lendário, e Volcanion e a Maravilha Mecânica. Ela também faz uma aparição especial nos créditos finais de Eu Escolho Você!.

Recepção
A personagem recebeu críticas mistas em sua aparição original de videogame. Revisores dos jornais The Telegraph e Polygon criticam os personagens do jogador na sexta geração por ainda seguirem o mesmo enredo de jogos anteriores, o que os torna previsíveis e rasos. Ambos destacam uma falta de razão clara pela qual o personagem decide se tornar um treinador Pokémon. Por outro lado, Jose Otero do IGN destaca Serena, que representa as mulheres, e Calem, que representa os homens, enfatizando que eles são "mais interessantes como rivais para os jogadores". Nos jogos Pokémon X e Y, a Nintendo e a Game Freak optaram por destacar o aspecto da amizade em vez da competição acirrada. Victoria McNally do The Mary Sue aprecia a presença do personagem Serena em X e Y, que é considerada representativa das jogadoras, com a possibilidade de alterar seu penteado e estilo de roupas.

Em seu ranking de melhores personagens humanos do anime, o portal The Gamer colocou Serena na terceira posição graças ao seu amadurecimento. Descrevendo-a, o site afirma que ela é a companheira de viagem que mais trás o sentimento de auto-satisfação e realização pessoal. Segundo o Screen Rant, Serena foi a melhor personagem dos jogos a ser adaptada no anime. Em sua crítica da versão animada, Megan Peters do Comic Book descreve Serena como uma das melhores amigas de Ash, senão a melhor, que, desde sua primeira aparição, não apenas desenvolve seu próprio personagem, mas também cria um ambiente de conexão emocional com Ash que divide os fãs entre aqueles que gostam dela e aqueles que não gostam. Brian Ashcraft do Kotaku afirma que Serena não é apenas uma amiga comum de Ash, pois eles se conhecem desde a infância, e pela primeira vez, ainda que implicitamente, o anime Pokémon apresenta uma relação romântica entre esses dois personagens principais. Em uma pesquisa da revista japonesa Netorabo com mais de 5000 leitores, Serena ocupou o primeiro lugar como a garota do anime Pokémon mais apreciada pelos fãs. O retorno da personagem na temporada Jornadas foi motivo de controvérsias; enquanto Serena foi muito elogiada por ter crescido em personalidade e aparência, seu reencontro com Ash foi breve e impessoal, decepcionando críticos e fãs.

O beijo entre Serena e Ash é considerado um ponto alto da série; o momento é descrito como um fechamento em grande estilo para a temporada XY. O Omelete elogia a cena, chamando-a de uma das mais emblemáticas da trajetória dos personagens, mesmo que não seja explícita. Em seu artigo, o site também parabeniza Serena por ser uma das personagens secundárias mais desenvolvidas pelo anime, tendo vários conflitos interessantes e até uma drástica mudança visual. Uma votação realizada pelo site japonês Anime! Anime! na data local do dia do beijo (23 de maio) teve o acontecido entre Serena e Ash classificado em quarto lugar. O diretor Tetsuo Yajima e o produtor Shukichi Kanda, que comandaram o episódio em questão, confirmaram que o beijo teve de ser mostrado fora de tela por conta do público alvo infantil da série. Dessa forma são mostrados somente os pés dos personagens enquanto Serena se aproxima de Ash e depois é levada para longe dele por uma escada rolante.

Links externos

 Serena na Serebii

Personagens da série Pokémon
Personagens da Nintendo
Protagonistas de jogos eletrônicos
Personagens femininos de anime e mangá
Personagens fictícios introduzidos na década de 2010
Exploradores fictícios

Serena (Pokémon)


Enterobacteria phage T2 is a virus that infects and kills E. coli. It is in the genus Tequatrovirus, and the family Myoviridae. Its genome consists of linear double-stranded DNA, with repeats at either end. The phage is covered by a protective protein coat.

The T2 phage can quickly turn an E. coli cell into a T2-producing factory that releases phages when the cell ruptures. Experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase demonstrated how the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins remain outside. The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries supported that DNA, rather than proteins, is the hereditary material.

The first phages that were studied in detail included seven that commonly infect E. coli. They were named Type 1 (T1), Type 2 (T2), etc., for easy reference; however, due to structural similarities between the T2, T4, and T6 bacteriophages, these are now commonly referred to as T-Even phages.

The phage can attach to the surface of a bacterium using the proteins on its 'feet' (tail fibers), and inject its genetic material (either DNA or RNA). This genetic material uses the host cell's ribosomes to replicate, and synthesize proteins for the capsid and tail of the phage. New phages are assembled within the cell until the cellular membrane lyses (splits open). The newly made phages are now free to attack more cells.  This process is known as the Lytic cycle.

References

Myoviridae
Infraspecific virus taxa

Enterobacteria phage T2