The Free State (;  ; ; ; ), formerly known as the Orange Free State, is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.

History

The current borders of the province date from 1994 when the Bantustans were abolished and reincorporated into South Africa. It is also the only one of the four original provinces of South Africa not to undergo border changes, apart from the reincorporation of Bantustans, and its borders date from before the outbreak of the Boer War.

Law and government

The provincial government consists of a premier, an executive council of ten ministers, and a legislature. The provincial assembly and premier are elected for five-year terms, or until the next national election. Political parties are awarded assembly seats based on the percentage of votes each party receives in the province during the national elections. The assembly elects a premier, who then appoints the members of the executive council.

The provincial legislature meets at the Vierde Raadsaal in Bloemfontein.  the premier of Free State is Mxolisi Dukwana of the African National Congress (ANC).

Geography

The Free State is situated on a succession of flat grassy plains sprinkled with pastureland, resting on a general elevation of 3,800 feet only broken by the occasional hill or kopje. The rich soil and pleasant climate allow for a thriving agricultural industry.

The province is high-lying, with almost all land being 1,000 metres above sea level. The Drakensberg and Maloti Mountains foothills raise the terrain to over 2,000 m in the east. The Free State lies in the heart of the Karoo Sequence of rocks, containing shales, mudstones, sandstones and the Drakensberg Basalt forming the youngest capping rocks. Mineral deposits are plentiful, with gold and diamonds being of particular importance, mostly found in the north and west of the province.

Fauna and flora
The flats in the south of the reserve provide ideal conditions for large herds of plain game such as black wildebeest and springbok. The ridges, koppies and plains typical of the northern section are home to kudu, red hartebeest, southern white rhinoceros and buffalo. The Southern African wildcat, black wildebeest, zebra, eland, white rhinoceros and wild dog can be seen at the Soetdoring Nature Reserve near Bloemfontein. The South African cheetahs were reintroduced in the Free State for the first time in June 2013 after a hundred years of regional extinction, at Laohu Valley Reserve near Philippolis. Following the reintroduction of an adult female South African cheetah in early 2016, three wild cheetah cubs were born for the first time in Laohu Valley Reserve in February 2017, making the three new cubs the first cheetahs born in the wild since their disappearance from the Free State province in over a century.

Climate
The Free State experiences a continental climate, characterised by warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters. Areas in the east experience frequent snowfalls, especially on the higher ranges, whilst the west can be extremely hot in summer. Almost all precipitation falls in the summer months as brief afternoon thunderstorms, with aridity increasing towards the west. Areas in the east around Harrismith, Bethlehem and Ficksburg are well watered. The capital, Bloemfontein, experiences hot, moist summers and cold, dry winters frequented by severe frost.
 Bloemfontein averages: January maximum: 31 °C (min: 15 °C), July maximum: 17 °C (min: -2 °C), annual precipitation: 559 mm
 Bethlehem averages: January maximum: 27 °C (min: 13 °C), July maximum: 16 °C (min: -2 °C), annual precipitation: 680 mm

Borders

In the southeast, the Free State borders seven districts of Lesotho:
Mokhotlong – farthest to the east
Butha-Buthe – northwest of Mokhotlong and northeast of Leribe
Leribe – southwest of Butha-Buthe and northeast of Berea
Berea – southwest of Leribe and north of Maseru
Maseru – south of Berea and northeast of Mafeteng
Mafeteng – southwest of Maseru and northwest of Mohale's Hoek
Mohale's Hoek – southeast of Mafeteng
Domestically, it borders the following provinces:
KwaZulu-Natal – east
Eastern Cape – south
Northern Cape – west
North West – northwest
Gauteng – north
Mpumalanga – northeast
The Free State borders more districts of Lesotho and more provinces of South Africa than any other province.

It is traversed by the northwesterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

Municipalities

The Free State Province is divided into one metropolitan municipality and four district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into 19 local municipalities:

Metropolitan municipalities

 Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality

District municipalities

 Fezile Dabi District
 Moqhaka
 Ngwathe
 Metsimaholo
 Mafube
 Thabo Mofutsanyana District
 Setsoto
 Dihlabeng
 Maluti-a-Phofung
 Nketoana
 Phumelela
 Mantsopa
 Lejweleputswa District
 Masilonyana
 Tokologo
 Tswelopele
 Matjhabeng
 Nala
 Xhariep District
 Letsemeng
 Kopanong
 Mohokare

Major cities and towns

The Free State's major towns include:
 Bloemfontein  & Botshabelo in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality
 Welkom, Odendaalsrus and Virginia in Lejweleputswa
 Bethlehem, Harrismith and Phuthaditjhaba in Thabo Mofutsanyana
 Kroonstad, Sasolburg and Parys in Fezile Dabi

Health
The Free State is the only province in South Africa that operates a free 24-hour dedicated rotor-wing aeromedical service from a public hospital. They are able to reach far-flung areas in only 45 minutes and deliver a high level of care on scene. On 31 October 2018, Free State Emergency Medical Service launched an additional 65 road ambulances to augment the fleet.

The Free State has many public and private hospitals.

Economy

The province is the granary of South Africa, with agriculture central to its economy, while mining on the rich goldfields reef is its largest employer.

Agriculture

Agriculture dominates the Free State landscape, with cultivated land covering 32,000 square kilometres, and natural veld and grazing a further 87,000 square kilometres of the province. It is also South Africa's leader in the production of biofuels, or fuel from agricultural crops, with a number of ethanol plants under construction in the grain-producing western region. South Africa is one of the top ten Maize producers in the world (12,365,000 tons ).

Field crops yield almost two-thirds of the gross agricultural income of the province. Animal products contribute a further 30%, with the balance generated by horticulture. Ninety percent of the country's cherry crop is produced in the Ficksburg district, which is also home to the country's two largest asparagus canning factories. Soya, sorghum, sunflowers and wheat are cultivated in the eastern Free State, where farmers specialise in seed production. About 40% of the country's potato yield comes from the province's high-lying areas.

The main vegetable crop is asparagus, both white and green varieties. Although horticulture is expanding and becoming increasingly export-orientated, most produce leaves the province unprocessed.

The Free State's advantage in floriculture is the opposing seasons of the southern and northern hemispheres. The province exports about 1.2 million tons of cut flowers a year.

Mining

The Free State is also rich in mineral wealth, gold representing 20% of the world's total gold production. Mining is the province's major employer. The province has 12 gold mines, producing 30% of South Africa's output and making it the fifth-largest producer of gold in the world. The Harmony Gold Refinery and Rand Refinery are the only two gold refineries in South Africa.

Gold mines in the Free State also supply a substantial portion of the total silver produced in the country, while considerable concentrations of uranium occurring in the gold-bearing conglomerates of the goldfields are extracted as a byproduct.

Bituminous coal is also mined, and converted to petrochemicals at Sasolburg. The Free State also produces high-quality diamonds from its kimberlite pipes and fissures, and the country's largest deposit of bentonite is found in the Koppies district.

Industry

Since 1989, the Free State economy has moved from dependence on primary sectors such as mining and agriculture to an economy increasingly oriented towards manufacturing and export.
Some 14% of the province's manufacturing is classified as being in high-technology industries – the highest of all provincial economies. The northern Free State's chemicals sector is one of the most important in the southern hemisphere. Petrochemicals company Sasol, based in the town of Sasolburg, is a world leader in the production of fuels, waxes, chemicals and low-cost feedstock from coal.

Tourism

In the northeastern Free State, nestled in the rolling foothills of the Maluti mountains, the Golden Gate Highlands National Park is the province's prime tourist attraction. The park gets its name from the brilliant shades of gold cast by the sun on the spectacular sandstone cliffs, especially the imposing Brandwag or Sentinel Rock, which keeps vigil over the park.

The sandstone of this region has been used for the lovely dressed-stone buildings found on the Eastern Highlands, while decoratively painted Sotho houses dot the grasslands. Some of South Africa's most valued San (Bushman) rock art is found in the Free State, particularly in the regions around Clarens, Bethlehem, Ficksburg, Ladybrand and Wepener.

Demographics

Sesotho is the dominant home language in most of the province. Zulu is the major language in the far eastern municipality of Phumelela. Setswana is the main language in Tokologo in the northwest, and in and around the area of Thaba Nchu. The Free State is the only province in South Africa with a Sesotho majority. Afrikaans is widely spoken throughout the province, as a first language for the majority of whites and coloureds and as a second or third language by Sesotho, Setswana and Xhosa speakers. Although there are relatively few native English speakers, English is becoming increasingly important as the language of business and government. This is evidenced by the shift of tertiary institutions such as the University of the Free State from solely using Afrikaans as the medium of instruction to using both Afrikaans and English.

Ethnicity
The majority of the population are black Africans who speak Sotho as a first language. The vast majority of white people in the Free State are Afrikaans-speaking. In 1880 the white population made up 45.7% of the total population. In 1904 this had fallen to 36.8%. Of the 142,679 people in 1904, only 60% were born in the province. Of the 2,726 European immigrants born in non-British states, 1,025 came from the Russian Empire, mainly Jews. In 1904 whites made up a majority in most settlements, namely Ficksburg (52.3%), Wepener (60.2%), Ladybrand (60.0%), and Kroonstad (51.6%), and made up a substantial minority in Bloemfontein (45.7%) and Winburg (36.3%).

Education

Universities
University of the Free State (Bloemfontein, Phuthaditjhaba)
Central University of Technology (Bloemfontein, Welkom)

Other educational institutions
Akademia (Bloemfontein)
Boston City Campus (Bloemfontein)
Damelin (Bloemfontein)
Flavius Mareka FET College (Kroonstad, Mphohardi, Sasolburg)
Goldfields FET College (Welkom, Tosa)
Maluti TVET College (QwaQwa, Bethlehem, Harrismith)
Motheo TVET College (Bloemfontein, Botshabelo, Thaba nchu, Koffiefontein)
Qualitas Career Academy (Bloemfontein)

Media

Newspapers
Die Volksblad (Bloemfontein)
Bloem news (Bloemfontein)
Bloemfontein Courant
Dumelang News (The People's Paper)
Express-News (Bloemfontein, Botshabelo, Thaba Nchu)
Free State Times
Vista Newspaper (Welkom)
VrystaatKroon

Radio
OFM
Lesedi FM
Motheo FM
Radio Rosestad 100.6 FM
Kovsie FM
CUT FM
104.1 MedFM

Sports

Provincial sport teams
Soccer
African Warriors (Phuthaditjhaba)
Carara Kicks F.C. (Welkom)
Bloemfontein Celtic (Bloemfontein)(now has been sold)
Free State Stars (Bethlehem)
Roses United
Bloemfontein Young Tigers
Rugby
Cheetahs (Bloemfontein)
Currie Cup:
Free State Cheetahs (Bloemfontein)
Griffons (Welkom)
Cricket
Knights (Bloemfontein)

See also
List of speakers of the Free State Provincial Legislature

References

External links

 Free State Provincial Government
 Free State Tourism Authority

English-speaking countries and territories
Provinces of South Africa
States and territories established in 1994
1994 establishments in South Africa

Free State (province)


La serpiente de coral variable (Micrurus diastema) es una especie de serpiente elápido, nativo del sureste de México y la parte norte de América Central. Existen siete subespecies reconocidas.

Distribución y hábitat
M. diastema habita bosques tropicales muy húmedos, húmedos y secos, desde el nivel del mar hasta 1250 m en México, Belice, Guatemala y Honduras.

Subespecies
Se distinguen las siguientes subespecies:
 Micrurus diastema affinis (Jan, 1858)
 Micrurus diastema aglaeope (Cope, 1860)
 Micrurus diastema alienus (Werner, 1903)
 Micrurus diastema apiatus (Jan, 1858)
 Micrurus diastema diastema (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
 Micrurus diastema macdougalli Roze, 1967
 Micrurus diastema sapperi (Werner, 1903)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Fotos de Micrurus diastema publicadas en Flickr

Micrurus diastema.
Micrurus diastema.

Diastema
Reptiles de América Central
Taxones descritos por André Marie Constant Duméril
Taxones descritos por Auguste Duméril
Taxones descritos por Gabriel Bibron
Animales descritos en 1854
Reptiles de Venezuela

Micrurus diastema


O chamado fórum provincial romano de Mérida era uma das principais praças da colónia romana de Augusta Emerita, a cidade que atualmente se chama Mérida, na província de Badajoz e comunidade autónoma da Estremadura, Espanha.

Chegaram aos nossos dias muito poucos vestígios deste suposto fórum provincial de Augusta Emerita, o qual é mais recente do que o fórum municipal, e terá sido construído no , na sequência do fomento  do culto imperial pelo imperador romano Tibério . Desconhecia-se a sua existência até 1976, ano da comemoração dos dois milénios de Mérida, quando o arqueólogo  propôs a sua existência e continua a haver estudiosos que têm dúvidas que a praça monumental a que se chama usualmente "fórum provincial" tenha sido de facto um fórum, pois não há indícios de nele existissem edifícios administrativos, o que leva alguns investigadores a crer que era no fórum mais antigo que estavam instalados todos os órgãos  administrativos, quer do município, quer da província da Lusitânia.

História e descrição
Augusta Emerita foi fundada em , durante o reinado do imperador romano Augusto, para nela residirem os soldados eméritos reformados do  exército romano, que tinham servido nas legiões veteranas das Guerras Cantábricas: a  e a . Como capital da província romana da Lusitânia, a cidade foi uma das urbes mais importantes da Península Ibérica durante vários séculos.

Os restos conhecidos do "fórum provincial" sugerem a existência dum templo dedicado ao culto imperial, um dos mais grandiosos que a cidade teve. Além dos vestígios desse templo, os achados mais importantes são os restos duma abóbada monumental, que possivelmente faria parte dum dos acessos à praça e os restos do que pode ter sido outra das entradas. Supõe-se também que o chamado  (que nada tem que ver com o imperador cujo nome ostenta) seria a entrada (ou a entrada principal, pois há indícios de terem existido outras entradas) da praça, que era rodeada por um pórtico.

O "fórum provincial" teria sido uma praça limitada por um pórtico monumental, no centro da qual se erguia um grande templo. É provável que a entrada na praça fosse feita pelo , situado no final do Cardo Máximo, a principal rua da cidade. O templo, basilical de cella barlonga, terá sido construído durante o reinado de Tibério, tendo como modelo o Templo da Concórdia de Roma. Dele existem um pódio, rodapés de pedestais e fragmentos de capitéis. Em meados do  a praça foi coberta de mármore, aproveitando o período de prosperidade económica que se vivia em toda a Hispânia romana.

Galeria de imagens

Notas e referências

Bibliografia

Merida Provincial
Mérida (Espanha)

Fórum provincial romano de Mérida


Lee Jang-ho est un réalisateur et scénariste sud-coréen né à Séoul le .

Biographie et œuvre
Lee Jang-ho a travaillé pendant huit ans avec Shin Sang-ok au début de sa carrière.

Lee Jang-ho est l'une des personnalités importantes du cinéma sud-coréen des années 1970 et 1980. Il souffre toutefois beaucoup de devoir affronter la censure, au point de représenter son propre suicide de réalisateur dans la première scène de Declaration of Fools. Trois de ses films sont classés dans la liste des douze films coréens les plus importants établie en 2014 par la Korea Film Archive.

Son premier film, Heavenly Homecoming to Stars, rencontre un succès commercial et critique et lance une vague de "films d'hôtesse" mêlant érotisme et critique sociale.

En avril 1976, sa carrière s'interromp à la suite de son arrestation pour fumage de marijuana, dans le cadre d'une campagne gouvernementale visant à combattre la décadence morale de la société ; il est alors blacklisté jusqu'au meurtre du président Park en octobre 1979.

Il renoue avec le succès avec des films tels que Declaration of Fools en 1983 et  en 1985.

Il établit alors sa propre compagnie de production en 1986.
En raison de son amateurisme administratif et entrepreunarial, aggravé par les mauvaises pratiques dans ces domaines que lui avait transmises Shin Sang-ok, cette compagnie se retrouve engluée dans d'inextricables problèmes financiers, Lee enchaînant les échecs au box-office.

Après avoir mis entre parenthèse sa carrière de réalisateur, il est l'un des initiateurs du Festival international du film fantastique de Puchon.

Filmographie partielle
 1974 : Heavenly Homecoming to Stars
 1980 :
 1981 : Children of Darkness
 1983 : Declaration of Fools
 1985 :
 1987 :

Liens externes

Références

Naissance en mai 1945
Réalisateur sud-coréen
Scénariste sud-coréen de cinéma

Lee Jang-ho


The Mennonite Brethren Church is an evangelical Mennonite Anabaptist movement with congregations.

History
The conference was established among Plautdietsch-speaking Russian Mennonites in 1860. During the 1850s, some Mennonites were influenced by Radical Pietism, which found its way into the Mennonite colonies of the southern Russian Empire now known as Ukraine. Mennonite immigrants from West Prussia who had been influenced by pietistic leaders transplanted those ideas to the large Molotschna colony. The pastor of a neighboring congregation, Eduard Wüst, reinforced this pietism. Wüst was a revivalist who stressed repentance and Christ as a personal savior, influencing Catholics, Lutherans and Mennonites in the area. He associated with many Mennonite leaders, including Leonhard Sudermann.

In 1859, Joseph Höttmann, a former associate of Wüst met with a group of Mennonites to discuss problems within the main Mennonite body. Their discussion centered on participating in communion with church members who were living in a way that seemed unholy or were not converted, and baptism of adults by immersion, which was distinct from other Mennonite churches who primarily baptized by pouring.

On January 6, 1860, this growing group of Mennonites influenced by a combination of Prussian Mennonite pietism, contacts with Moravian Brethren and indirectly through the influential preaching of Eduard Wüst, met in the village of Elisabeththal, Molotschna and formed the Mennonite Brethren Church. They felt the Mennonites had grown cold and formal, and were seeking greater emphasis on discipline, prayer and Bible study. The group presented a document to the elders of the Molotschna Mennonite Churches which indicated "that the total Mennonite brotherhood has decayed to the extent that we can no more be part of it" and fear the "approach of an unavoidable judgment of God." The immediate catalyst for the new organization was the discipline placed on a body of brethren who met to observe communion in a private home without the elders' sanction. The Mennonite Brethren were also in contact with and influenced by German Baptists J. G. Oncken and August Liebig.

The Mennonite Brethren movement spread throughout the Mennonite colonies and produced many distinguished leaders, particularly in Molotschna. These include P. M. Friesen (educator and historian), Jakob and Abraham Kroeker (writers), Heinrich Braun (publisher), Peter Braun (educator) and A. H. Unruh (educator). Jakob Kroeker (1872–1948) was one of the most prolific Mennonite writers, completing a fourteen volume Old Testament commentary. By breaking religious and cultural patterns that had become a hindrance to Mennonite society, the contribution of the Mennonite Brethren allowed all Mennonite groups in Russia to pursue a more wholesome Christian life.

The Mennonite Brethren movement also spread through missionary endeavor. They commissioned the first missionaries to travel from Southern Russia (Ukraine) to India in 1887, establishing congregations in the Hyderabad, Telangana State, region. In the ensuing years, Mennonite Brethren churches have been established in SE Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.

Because of growing pressure by the Czarist government and later because of the political turmoil of the Russian Revolution, significant numbers of the Mennonite Brethren moved to the United States, Canada, Paraguay, Brazil and Mexico. In the Soviet Union their organizational structures ceased to exist by 1930 due to Communist persecution. At that time some remaining Mennonite Brethren moved from Ukraine to the republics of Soviet Central Asia. After World War II several Mennonite Brethren churches emerged in that region. In 1966 they joined the Evangelical-Baptist Union—an umbrella organization tightly controlled by the Soviet government.

See also
Bethany College (Saskatchewan)
Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches
Canadian Mennonite University
Columbia Bible College (Abbotsford, British Columbia)
Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India
École de Théologie Évangélique de Montréal
Fresno Pacific University
Fresno Pacific University Biblical Seminary
Immanuel Schools
International Committee of Mennonite Brethren (ICOMB)
Japan Mennonite Brethren Conference
Mennonite Brethren Collegiate Institute
Tabor College, Kansas
US Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches

Notes

References

External links
Mennonite Brethren Churches in Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online

Mennonite denominations
Religious organizations established in 1860
1860 establishments in the Russian Empire
Affiliated institutions of the National Council of Churches in India
Radical Pietism

Mennonite Brethren Church


Rupi Kaur (f. 4. október 1992) er kanadískt skáld, teiknari, ljósmyndari og rithöfundur af indverskum ættum. Hún er einna þekktust instaskáldanna sem hafa notað samfélagsmiðla eins og Instagram, TikTok, Twitter og Tumblr til að birta ljóð og skáldskap. Hún vakti fyrst athygli fyrir ljóðaflutning á Instagram árið 2009. Fyrsta ljóðabók hennar, Milk and Honey, kom út árið 2014 og seldist í þremur milljónum eintaka. Aðrar bækur eftir hana eru The Sun and Her Flowers (2017) og Home Body (2020).

Kanadísk skáld

Rupi Kaur


الرحم الاصطناعي  هو عبارة عن كيس بلاستيكي مملوء بالسوائل لمحاكاة رحم الأم، لانقاذ آلاف الأطفال الذين تتم ولادتهم مبكرا.'''

بحسب دراسة نشرت في "جورنال نيتشر كومينيكايشنز"، فإن العلماء استطاعوا تطوير الرحم الصناعي من خلال محاكاة الرحم الأصلي ووظائف المشيمة. ويتيح الرحم الصناعي المملوء بمادة سائلة، للأطفال الخدج، أن يستكملوا نموهم على مستوى الرئتين وباقي الأعضاء، بشكل سليم.

النشأة
بعدما نجح فريق بحثي أمريكي في إبقاء ستة أجنة حملان في أرحام اصطناعية، وهي نظام خارجي مكون من كيس بلاستيك معقم ومغلق، به مواد مغذية، مثل السائل الأمينوزي في الرحم، ومرفق بآلة متصلة مع الحبل السري تعمل مثل المشيمة، وتوفر الغذاء، وتضخ الأكسجين، وتطرد ثاني أكسيد الكربون.

بقيت أجنة الحملان داخل الأرحام الاصطناعية نحو أربعة أسابيع، نضجت خلالها أدمغة الحملان ورئاتهم، ونجحت في فتح أعينها والبلع، ونما الصوف على ظهورها.

بعدما نجح فريق بحثي أمريكي في إبقاء ستة أجنة حملان في أرحام اصطناعية، وهي نظام خارجي مكون من كيس بلاستيك معقم ومغلق، به مواد مغذية، مثل السائل الأمينوزي في الرحم، ومرفق بآلة متصلة مع الحبل السري تعمل مثل المشيمة، وتوفر الغذاء، وتضخ الأكسجين، وتطرد ثاني أكسيد الكربون.

بقيت أجنة الحملان داخل الأرحام الاصطناعية نحو أربعة أسابيع، نضجت خلالها أدمغة الحملان ورئاتهم، ونجحت في فتح أعينها والبلع، ونما الصوف على ظهورها.

لإنقاذ الجنين وحماية الأم
تستهدف التقنية تطبيقها على المولودين الخدج من الأسبوع 23 وحتى 25، كذلك من الممكن أن تستخدم في علاج حالات تأخر نمو الجنين الناتج من قصور المشيمة، أو إنقاذ الأجنة المهددة ولادتهم بعد إجراء طبي أو جراحي للجنين، وقد يصبح من الممكن ولادة الرضع المصابين بتشوهات خلقية بالقلب أو الرئة مستقبلًا، والتنبؤ بالولادة المبكرة للغاية، والقابلية الجينية لارتفاع خطر الوفاة أو المرض للخدج، وهي تقنية يمكن أن تنقذ حياة أطفال كثيرين.

كذلك تحمي هذه التقنية الأمهات من الآثار الجانبية للعقاقير والعلاجات التي تعطى للجنين، وبذلك يمكن تطبيق العلاج الجيني أو الدوائي أو العلاج بالخلايا الجذعية. وبالمثل، يمكن أن تحمي الأرحام الاصطناعية الأجنة من الأمراض والأدوية والمخدرات، التي قد توجد في جسم الأم.

ينتظر هذا الجهاز السريري مزيدًا من الأبحاث والتطبيقات؛ لتقييمها، وتطويرها، وضمان فاعليتها وأمانها، وما إن كان بالاستطاعة وضع الجنين في هذا النظام، خاصة بعد الولادة المهبلية، والتعامل مع التلوث والعدوى الجنينية.

جدل
تثير مثل هذه التقنيات جدلًا اجتماعيًا وفلسفيًا وأخلاقيًا، خاصة فيما يتعلق باختبارها على البشر؛ كذلك لا يبدو أن كثيرًا من الآباء يشعرون بالحماسة حيال وجود جنينهم في كيس. إلا أن البديل هو وضع الطفل الخديج في حضانة خاصة، مع جهاز للتنفس الاصطناعي.

على الجانب الآخر، مع ظاهرة تأجير الأرحام وتجميد البويضات، والأرحام الاصطناعية مؤخرًا، تصاعد ثانية الجدل بين ثنائية العمل والإنجاب، واختيار عديد من النساء التقدم في مسيرتهن المهنية وتأجيل الإنجاب. بجانب لجوء شركات، مثل فيسبوك وأبل، إلى دفع المال للعاملات لديها من أجل تجميد بويضاتهن؛ للسعي خلف أهدافهن دون أن يضطررن للتخلي عن الإنجاب، أو لجوء بعضهن للأم البديلة، أو الأرحام الاصطناعية مستقبلًا، باعتبار أن ليس على المرأة أن تختار بين الأمومة أو النجاح المهني.

وهو ما قد ينعكس على المرأة العاملة بعدم سماح أرباب العمل لها بأخذ إجازة أمومة، وقد تفرض شركات التأمين الصحي على الأمهات العاملات اختيار الطريقة الاصطناعية؛ تجنبًا لدفع نفقات التعقيدا التي قد تصاح

مفهوم جديد للأمومة
المشكلة هي أن الطفل الذي يُربى في آلة محروم من وجود اتصال بشري. أعتقد أن هذا أمرًا مخيفًا ومأساويًا.

باربرا كاتس روثمان، عالمة اجتماع بجامعة سيتي في نيويورك، أثارت التقنية أبحاث ودراسات تتحدث عن تغير مفهوم الأمومة والإنجاب، بانتهاء معاناة آلام الولادة والمخاض، وتوفير الوقت بجانب حل مشكلات العقم، وما إن كنا على وشك استهلال عصر جديد بلا أمهات، تبدأ فيه التقنيات الطبية باستحداث بدائل طبية للوظائف الإنجابية للمرأة، فتصبح عملية رهينة الآلات.

إلى جانب تخوفات من تحول مختلف تقنيات الأرحام الاصطناعية إلى محاضن لتوليد أطفال يجري استغلالهم في أعمال مختلفة، ولاسيما الجماعات المتطرفة، أو مخاطر تتعلق بتعطل هذه الآلات أو انقطاع التيار الكهربائي، خاصة في الدول النامية؛ ما يهدد حياة هؤلاء الأطفال.

فيما يعترض البعض على تطبيق هذه التقنيات؛ تخوفًا من استخدامها لزرع جنس محدد للجنين، والتحكم في الصفات الوراثية، والمعايير وأسس الاختيار في حالة الإعاقات. وهي ممارسات تتم بالفعل، مثل تلك المتبعة في إجراء الإخصاب الخارجي، وهي جميعها عوامل تحدد الدعم المتوقع المقدم لهذه التقنية، وما إن كانت موجهة لصالح الآباء، أم يمكن أن يساء استخدامها بطريقة أخرى.

أعضاء صناعية
بحوث طبية
تقنية افتراضية
تقنية خيالية
تقانات ناشئة
رحم
طب التوليد

رحم اصطناعي


An Carex knieskernii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Chester Dewey. An Carex knieskernii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex knieskernii


HMS Charybdis (F75) was a  of the Royal Navy (RN). She was built by the Harland & Wolff company of Belfast, and was the last ship to be built there for British naval forces until  of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary, was launched in 1990. Charybdis was launched on 28 February 1968 and commissioned on 2 June 1969. Her nickname was "Cherry B".

Operational Service
In 1969, Charybdis became guard ship of Gibraltar. The following year, Charybdis deployed to the Far East and Pacific at a time when there was a large RN presence in those regions. During her time there, Charybdis took part in a number of exercises with Commonwealth countries, including Exercise Longex with New Zealand. Charybdis visited many countries on 'fly the flag' duties, which remains a prominent role for a Royal Navy warship.

In 1973 Charybdis spent time in the Second Cod War when Iceland wanted to extend their control of the fishing waters from . At that time there were normally three frigates and three ocean-going tugs deployed to protect the groups of British fishing trawlers.

In 1976, Charybdis was deployed to the Mediterranean. The following year, Charybdis joined the Fishery Protection Squadron, just a year after the Third Cod War ended. Charybdis took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. At this time she was part of the 6th Frigate Squadron. In early 1979, Charybdis underwent yet another Mediterranean patrol.

From 1979 to 1982, Charybdis underwent modernisation that included the fitting of Exocet and Sea Wolf missiles, and the removal of her twin 4.5 in guns. The refit was cut short and Charybdis was rushed back into service due to the Argentinean invasion of the Falkland Islands. In late 1982, in the aftermath of the Falklands War, Charybdis deployed on a Falkland Islands patrol, which at the time was still a tense region. Through the rest of the 1980s, Charybdis undertook duties in the West Indies, Mediterranean and in the Persian Gulf. In 1984 she was again deploying to the Falkland Islands as part of a task group, but was detached from the group whilst in Gibraltar and diverted to the Gulf region where she joined HM Ships Glasgow and Falmouth and RFA Orangeleaf. On the arrival of Charybdis, Falmouth was detached to the Far East. A group call into Karachi by Charybdis, Glasgow and Orangeleaf for scheduled maintenance was the last port visit by the group as, due to rising tensions, all port visits were cancelled. In 1985 she deployed yet again to the Gulf as part of the Armilla Patrol protecting ships transiting the Straits of Hormuz, and also in 1988. In 1990, Charybdis was on Persian Gulf patrol, with several flying the flag visits in the Far East. She was due to visit America and the Falklands in 1991, but was retasked to return to the eastern Mediterranean to act as Sea Wolf protection for the flagship  during the first Gulf War.

Fate
In September 1991,  Charybdis was decommissioned. She was sunk during a Joint Maritime Course sinking exercise on 11 June 1993 off of the Benbecula Rocket Range in the Western Isles of Scotland.

References

Publications

 Marriott, Leo, 1983.  Royal Navy Frigates 1945-1983, Ian Allan Ltd.

Leander-class frigates
Ships built in Belfast
1968 ships
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Maritime incidents in 1993

HMS Charybdis (F75)


تأسست كلية شرق النيل في عام 1990م في مجمع سرايا العباسية في أم درمان بالسودان، وتحتوي على مدرسة الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية والدبلومات التقنية والدراسات المستمرة – بالإضافة إلى إدارة الكلية – كما تشمل الكلية على ثلاث مجمعات أخرى بالخرطوم بحري – شرق النيل – مجمع مدرسة العمارة والتخطيط البيئي بشمبات جنوب – تأسس عام 1992 م ومجمع علوم الحاسوب وتقانة المعلومات بشمبات الأراضي شمال وتأسس عام 1994-2004 م ومجمع مدرسة علوم المختبرات الطبية الذي تأسس عام 1996 م في المزاد.
لقد خطت كلية شرق النيل خطوات هامة خلال الخمسة عشر عاماً الماضية وذلك بجهـود الإدارة ومجالس الكلية والمجلس العلمي بالإضافة إلى كل العاملين) الذين قدموا خدمات قيمة للكلية وفي بداية الألفية الثالثة تأكد لنا أنه قد صارت للكلية جذور ثابتة.
كلية شرق النيل لها سمعة طيبة في التدريس فالبرامج الدراسية التي فصلت تدرس كانت لها الفضل في مساعدة الطلاب لتحقيق التميز الأكاديمي وبالتالي فرص العمل بعد التخرج.

الكليات :

مدرسة الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية وتمنح البكالوريوس ودرجة الشرف – أم درمان سرايا العباسية – سـابقاً مدرسة العـمارة والتخطيط البيئى وتمنح درجة الشرف في هندسـة العـمارة – الخرطوم بحري – شمبات جنوب
مدرسة علوم المختبرات الطبية وتمنح درجة البكالوريوس العام – الخرطوم بحري – المزاد
مدرسة علوم الحاسوب وتقانة المعلومات – تمنح درجة الشرف – 4 سنوات – الخرطوم بحري – شمبات شمال

الدبلومـات :

1/ مدرسة الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية : الدبلوم التقني في الاقتصاد – الدبلوم التقني في المحاسبة – الدبلوم التقني في الدراسات المصرفية.
2/ مدرسة علوم الحاسب وتقانة المعلومات : الدبلوم التقني في علوم الحاسوب – الدبلوم التقني في تقانة المعلومات
3/ دبلوم الاتصال الجماهيري والإعلام
4/ معهد تنمية المجتمع المدني

ابتداءً من العام الدراسي القادم فسوف تقدم الكلية الدبلومات التقنية التالية :

1/ دبلوم المباني
2/ دبلوم التصميم الداخلي
3/ دبلوم التصميم الهندسي بواسطة الحاسوب
4/ دبلوم الرسم الهندسي
5/ دبلوم التصميم المعماري بالحاسوب
6/ دبلوم تكنولوجيا النقل البحري والجوي

العضـوية في الاتحـادات :

1/ اتحـاد الجامعات الأفريقية (عضـوا)
2/ اتحاد الجامعات العربية (عضـوا)
3/ اتحاد الجامعـات السـودانية (عضـو مؤسس)

المكتبة الرئيسية :

تأسست المكتبة منذ قيام الكلية بسرايا العباسية في عام 1990 م وذلك بمدرسة الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية وتشتمل على (4590) مجلداً في مختلف التخصصات بمدرسة الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية بالإضافة إلى الاشتراك في (12) دورية وعدد من المرجع في علوم التاريخ، الجغرافيا، العلوم الإنسانية، العلوم الزراعية والكتب الثقافية المختلفة.

المكتبات الفرعية :

1/ مكتبة العمارة والتخطيط البيئي :

و تشمل المكتبة على 1608 مجلداً في العلوم الأساسية وعلوم العمارة بالإضافة إلى 4 دوريات متخصصة في مجال العمارة.

2/ مكتبة علوم المختبرات الطبية :

و تحتوي على كتب مرجعية ومنهجية في مختلف العلوم الأساسية وعلوم التخصص بالمدرسة، الأحياء الدقيقة، أمراض الدم، الكيمياء السريرية، الأنسجة المريضة، الطفيليات والمناعة.

3/ مكتبة علوم الحاسوب وتقنية المعلومات :

تحتوي المكتبة على (1077) مجلداً وكتاب مرجعي ومنهجي في علوم الحاسوب وتقانة المعلومات والعلوم الأساسية المساعدة.

تنمية المجتمع :

 معهد تنمية المجنمع المدني :

كما تم مؤخراً تأسيس معهد تنمية المجتمع المدني بكلية شرق النيل بمباني الكلية بالمزاد بحري وقد أجازت مجالس الكلية المختلفة في عام 2006 م أمراً بتأسيس المعهد الذي سوف يطلع بمهام تنمية المجتمع وبناء القدرات

 الدراسات المسـتمرة :

يعتبر التعليم المستمر المدخل الأساسي لتنمية المجتمع وهذا بالإضافة إلى الحملات الطبية التي تعدها مدرسة علوم المختبرات الطبية للولايات تحت مظلة البرامج الصحية الإنمائية

 التعليم المسـتمر :

إدراكاً لطبيعة التعليم المستمر كخدمة ولودة في نشر وتمديد حدود المعرفة وتقدم الكلية مجموعة من الكورسات الصغيرة (2-9 شـهور) في المجالات التالية :

إدارة التسويق – تقنية معلومات محاسبية – تقنية معلومات إدارية – إدارة الجودة الإدارية الشاملة – إعلام وعلاقات عامة – علوم حاسوب – إدارة رياض أطفال – اللغة الإنجليزية – إدارة المنظمات التطوعية الإنسانية.

و الهدف من هذه الكورسات هو خدمة موظفي الدولة والقطاع الخاص الذين يعملون في مختلف التخصصات.

الأعداد المخططة سـنوياً للاسـتيعاب بالكلية :

مدرسة العمارة والتخطيط البيئي 50 طالباً
مدرسة تقانة المعلومات 50 طالباً
مدرسة علوم المختبرات الطبية 140 طالباً
دبلوم الاقتصـاد 150 طالباً
دبلوم تقني لعلوم الحاسوب 150 طالباً
مدرسة علوم الحاسوب 50 طالباً
مدرسة الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية 400 طالباً
دبلوم الدراسات المصرفية 150 طالباً
دبلوم الإعلام والاتصال الجماهيري 150 طالباً.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 موقع الكلية

جامعات وكليات في السودان

كلية شرق النيل


Mark Stam () este un cântăreț și compozitor din Republica Moldova, care în prezent activează și locuiește în București.

Mark Stam a devenit cunoscut în Republica Moldova după ce a participat în 2013 la concursul-show "Moldova are Talent", iar după apariția sa pe YouTube a semnat cu casa de discuri Spoiala Brothers. Luna martie 2017 a marcat lansarea primului single, "A murit iubirea", urmat de piesa în limba engleză "Days are coming" și "Doar Noi", lansate în luna iulie a aceluiași an. Cele trei piese se încadrează în stilul pop, însă cântărețul declară că el se regăsește și în R&B, Soul și Folk.

În 2018 și-a relansat cariera în România cu piesa "Doar Noi" în colaborare cu Alina Eremia. Aceasta a fost urmată de piese precum "IMPAR" (locul al doilea în clasamentul Media Forest) sau "Vina Mea", care cumulat au petrecut 20 de săptămâni în topurile radio și TV. În 2019 a lansat piesa "Nesimțit". În prezent, Mark Stam este un proiect semnat de Spoiala Brothers și Global Records.

Discografie

Single-uri

Premii și nominalizări

Note

Legături externe
 Mark Stam pe Facebook
 Mark Stam pe Instagram
 Mark Stam pe YouTube

Nașteri în 1997
Nașteri pe 21 august
Cântăreți moldoveni
Cântăreți români
Cântăreți din secolul al XXI-lea
Oameni în viață

Mark Stam


විජයදාස රාජපක්ෂ, ජ.නී, පා.ම (දෙමළ: விஜயதாச ராஜபக்ஷ, ඉංග්‍රීසි: Wijeyadasa Rajapaksa), (උපත 1959 මාර්තු 16) යනු ශ්‍රී ලාංකික නීතීඥයෙක් සහ දේශපාලනඥයෙක්. ඔහු වත්මන් අධිකරණ අමාත්‍ය. ඔහු මීට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජයන්හි ඔහු අධ්‍යාපන, උසස් අධ්‍යාපන සහ සංස්කෘතික කටයුතු අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස කටයුතු කළේය.

දේශපාලන ජීවිතය
2004 මැයි මාසයේදී ඔහු ආණ්ඩු පක්ෂය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය (ශ්‍රීලනිප) නියෝජනය කිරීම සඳහා පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරයෙකු ලෙස පත් කරන ලද අතර ඔහු විසින් ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරන ලද ව්‍යවස්ථා කටයුතු අමාත්‍යාංශය පිරිනැමීය.පසුව ඔහු කිසිදු අමාත්‍ය ධූරයක් නොලබා ආණ්ඩුවේ එකම මන්ත්‍රීවරයා ලෙස දිගටම කටයුතු කළේය. 2005 ජනාධිපතිවරණයෙන් පසු ජනාධිපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ ඔහුව රාජ්‍ය බැංකු සංවර්ධන අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස 2005 නොවැම්බර් මාසයේදී පත් කළ නමුත් ප්‍රතිපත්තිමය කරුණක් මත 2006 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී ඔහු ඉල්ලා අස්විය. ඔහු මහරගම ආසනයේ පක්‍ෂ සංවිධායක ධුරයෙන්ද ඉල්ලා අස්විය.ඉන් අනතුරුව ඔහු 2006 ජූලි මාසයේදී පොදු ව්‍යාපාර පිළිබඳ කාරක සභාවේ සභාපතිවරයා ලෙස තේරී පත් වූ අතර 2007 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී පළමු වාර්තාව ඉදිරිපත් කළ අතර එය දේශීය හා විදේශීය වශයෙන් බරපතළ මතභේදවලට තුඩු දුන්නේය. රාජ්‍ය අංශයේ දූෂණ උලුප්පා දැක්වීමෙන් ඔහු ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත් විය. 2007 දී,එල්එම්ඩි සඟරාව ඔහුව "2007 වසරේ ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ඔෆ් ද යෙර්" ලෙස නම් කළේය.

2010 දී ඔහු කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට තේරී පත් විය. 2012 දී ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නීතිඥ සංගමයේ සභාපති ලෙස තේරී පත් විය.ඔහුගේ පාලන සමයේදී ඔහු හිටපු අගවිනිසුරු ශිරාණි බණ්ඩාරනායක ඇයගේ දෝෂාභියෝගය ට සහාය දැක්වීම සඳහා නීතිඥ සංගමය මෙහෙයවීය.2015 ජනාධිපතිවරණයෙන් පසු ඔහු අධිකරණ අමාත්‍ය ධුරයට පත් විය. 2017 දී, එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ ඉල්ලීම පරිදි ජනාධිපති මෛත්‍රීපාල සිරිසේන විසින් ඔහුව ඔහුගේ අමාත්‍ය ධුරයෙන් නෙරපා හරින ලදී. රජය විසින් අධිකරණය පෞද්ගලීකරණයට සහ මැදිහත්වීමට එරෙහිව ඔහු දැරූ අදහස් හේතුවෙන්. ඔහු 2018 මැයි මාසයේදී උසස් අධ්‍යාපන හා සංස්කෘතික කටයුතු අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී. 2018 දී, 2018 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙහි ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාමය අර්බුදය සමඟ, ඔහු මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් යුත් නව අමාත්‍ය මණ්ඩලයට අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී. 2018 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී අධ්‍යාපනය සහ උසස් අධ්‍යාපනය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි

විජයදාස රාජපක්ෂ


Acanthocephalus, maleni biljni rod iz porodice glavočika rašren po središnjoj Aziji. Sastoji se od dvije vrste

Vrste
 Acanthocephalus amplexifolius, Kirgistan, Kazahstan, Tadžikistan i Afganistan
 Acanthocephalus benthamianus,  Iran, Afganistan, Pakistan, Kirgistan, Kazahstan, Tadžikistan

Izvori

Crepidinae

Acanthocephalus (Plantae)


Svijet

Filmovi

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 23. veljače: Jiří Menzel, češki filmski i kazališni redatelj, glumac i scenarist († )

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Filmovi

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Film u 1938.


Oľšavce este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Bardejov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 179 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Kochanovce.

Istoric
Localitatea Oľšavce este atestată documentar din 1383.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Oľšavce


Sveriges U/17-fodboldlandshold er Sveriges landshold for fodboldspillere, som er under 17 år. Landsholdet bliver administreret af Svenska Fotbollförbundet.

U/17-fodboldlandshold
U/17-fodboldlandshold i Europa

Sveriges U/17-fodboldlandshold


Goodbye Berlin (Tschick) est un roman de l'auteur allemand Wolfgang Herrndorf publié en 2010.

En Allemagne, il est paru aux éditions Rowohlt.

Il raconte l'histoire d'un road-trip et de l'amitié peu conventionnelle entre Maik, un jeune allemand de 14 ans et de Tschick, un Spätaussiedler d'origine russe.

Le roman a eu un énorme succès en Allemagne, où il s'est vendu à plus de 2 millions d'exemplaires et a été traduit dans 25 langues. Il a gagné en 2011 le Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis.

En France, il a été publié en 2012 aux éditions Thierry Magnier sous le titre Goodbye Berlin.

Intrigue
Maik Klingenberg, 14 ans, est issu d'une famille aisée à Marzahn. Sa mère est alcoolique et son père travaille toujours énormément, et il n'a pas d'amis dans sa classe, car il est considéré comme trop ennuyeux par ses camarades. C'est pourquoi, au début des vacances d'été, il n'est pas invité à l'anniversaire de Tatjana Cosic, la plus belle fille de la classe dont il est secrètement amoureux. L'une des rares fois où il se fait remarquer dans sa classe, c'est lorsqu'il lit sa rédaction en cours d'allemand, dans laquelle il parle avec franchise de sa mère alcoolique. Le professeur est horrifié, la classe rit et le traite de psychopathe. Personne ne comprend comment on peut écrire sur sa mère de manière aussi crue.

Le nouveau camarade de classe Tschick (de son vrai nom Andrej Tschichatschow), un expatrié russe taciturne qui arrive de temps en temps visiblement ivre en cours, est lui aussi un marginal et est exclu de la fête d'anniversaire de Tatiana. Maik, qui espère jusqu'au bout être tout de même invité, dessine laborieusement au crayon un poster de Beyoncé dans un magazine en guise de cadeau pour Tatiana. Mais le dernier jour d'école arrive sans que rien se passe. De plus, il devient clair que la mère de Maik doit à nouveau aller en cure de désintoxication et que son père veut profiter de ce temps pour partir en vacances avec sa jeune assistante. Maik va donc devoir passer les vacances d'été seul. C'est alors que Tschick apparaît soudain devant la porte d'entrée avec une Lada Niva bleu clair volée et en mauvais état. Tschick propose à Maik d'aller ensemble chez son grand-père en Valachie. Bien qu'ils ne sachent pas exactement où cette région se trouve, Maik accepte après une courte hésitation, et un voyage vers l'inconnu commence. Mais ils se rendent d'abord à la fête d'anniversaire de Tatiana et Maik, encouragé par Tschick, lui remet le cadeau avant d'accélérer à nouveau et de laisser les invités stupéfaits dans le rétroviseur.

Ils n'ont pas emporté de cartes, si bien qu'ils se perdent bientôt quelque part dans la forêt et atterrissent finalement dans un petit village, chez une femme opposée à la société de consommation et ses cinq enfants, qui non seulement disposent d'une excellente culture générale, mais les laissent aussi participer en tant qu'invités à leur délicieux déjeuner écologique dans le jardin. Plus tard, alors qu'ils cherchent dans une décharge un tuyau pour soutirer du diesel à d'autres voitures pour leur Lada, ils rencontrent Isa Schmidt, une jeune fille de leur âge, qui leur montre non seulement où trouver ce qu'ils cherchent, mais aussi comment s'en servir. Isa veut aller à Prague pour rendre visite à sa demi-sœur et bien qu'elle soit complètement sale et qu'elle sente extrêmement mauvais, les deux garçons la prennent avec eux.

Arrivés à un lac artificiel, ils jettent Isa dans l'eau pour qu'elle puisse se laver et se débarrasser de sa puanteur. Elle jette franchement ses vieux vêtements, se nettoie à fond et enfile ensuite quelques-uns des vêtements de Maik. Lorsque ce dernier doit également lui couper les cheveux, il découvre que son ancien amour pour Tatjana commence à s'estomper. Le lendemain matin, tous trois décident de gravir la montagne suivante. Au sommet, ils profitent de la vue et de la nature. Ils trouvent une cabane en bois et Tschick grave ses initiales dans le bois, après quoi ils font le vœu de se retrouver là-haut dans exactement 50 ans.

Lorsqu'ils descendent et qu'un autocar s'arrête sur le parking, Isa pense qu'il est plus facile de se rendre à Prague avec le bus qu'avec la vieille Lada. Elle emprunte sans hésiter à Maik l'argent nécessaire pour le trajet, soit , et les laisse poursuivre seuls leur route. Maik et Tschick arrivent dans une immense zone d'extraction de lignite et rencontrent le dernier habitant resté sur place, Horst Fricke, apparemment sénile, qui les salue en leur tirant dessus avec son fusil à air comprimé, mais les invite ensuite à boire une limonade et leur raconte ses pertes tragiques et ses expériences traumatisantes dans un camp de concentration et sur le front de l'Est. En guise d'adieu, il leur donne une mystérieuse petite fiole contenant un liquide soi-disant salvateur qui ne devrait être utilisé qu'en cas d'extrême urgence. Alors qu'ils sont tous les deux dans la voiture, Tschick ouvre le flacon contenant le liquide qui s'avère malodorant. C'est pourquoi Tschick le jette sans hésiter par la fenêtre de la Lada. Alors qu'ils peuvent enfin poursuivre leur route sur des petites routes secondaires, ils découvrent soudain l'autoroute à côté d'eux du haut d'une colline. En essayant de rejoindre l'autoroute depuis la pente, ils font plusieurs tonneaux et leur Lada s'immobilise, les roues en l'air. Une orthophoniste qui passe par hasard dans sa BMW Série 5 fait tomber son extincteur sur le pied de Tschick en essayant de lui porter secours, le blessant grièvement, les emmène à l'hôpital le plus proche, où Tschick se fait poser un plâtre sur la jambe. De la fenêtre de leur chambre d'hôpital, ils observent comment une dépanneuse redresse leur Lada, qui gît dans un champ juste en face de l'hôpital, mais l'abandonne ensuite et s'en va. Décidés à fuir à nouveau, ils se traînent jusqu'à leur véhicule en panne. Comme Tschick ne peut plus conduire avec sa jambe dans le plâtre, c'est Maik qui doit prendre le volant. Tschick lui donne les instructions techniques nécessaires. Au passage, il révèle à son ami qu'il est gay, mais que Maik n'est pas son genre. Bientôt, leur voyage se termine par un dangereux carambolage, car le conducteur d'un camion de bétail ne veut pas les laisser le dépasser, dérape, se renverse et s'immobilise en travers de la route. Ils sont arrêtés et interrogés par la police. Le père de Maik lui demande de mentir et de dire que Tschick est le seul responsable, mais Maik refuse et dit aux policiers le rôle qu'il a joué dans cette affaire. Pourtant, Tschick prend toute la "faute" sur lui. Maik est condamné à effectuer un travail d'intérêt général, Tschick à rester dans le foyer où il a été placé après leur voyage.

Pendant la fin du roman, l'école reprend, et la belle Tatiana s'intéresse soudain aux aventures de Maik et fait en sorte que son histoire atteigne toute la classe sous forme de résumé. Isa écrit une lettre à Maik et veut lui rendre visite prochainement à Berlin, lui rendre l'argent qu'elle a emprunté et rattraper les baisers qu'elle a manqués. Le père violent de Maik a définitivement quitté la famille. L'interdiction de contact de quatre semaines de Tschick est sur le point d'expirer et Maik pourra bientôt lui rendre visite au foyer. Sa mère, toujours alcoolique, jette tout le mobilier de la maison dans la piscine en réponse au départ du père de Maik. Maik l'aide, puis la mère et le fils plongent ensemble dans la piscine, s'accroupissent au fond du bassin, retiennent leur souffle, regardent vers le haut et se réjouissent de voir les deux policiers alertés par les voisins se pencher, désemparés, sur la surface bouillonnante de l'eau.

Style
L'histoire est racontée à la première personne du point de vue de Maik. L'ambiance et le style rappelle celle des road movies. Une critique du journal Die Zeit applaudit le fait que Wolfgang Herrndorf ait réussi à utiliser la langue que parlent les adolescents sans que cela sonne étrange, et le caractère authentique de ce roman.

Accueil et distinctions
Le roman a connu un grand succès en Allemagne, où il a été vendu à plus de 2 millions d'exemplaires et a figuré en tête de la liste de bestsellers du magazine Spiegel pendant plus de deux ans.

Il a reçu de très bonnes critiques du Süddeutsche Zeitung et du Zeit.

Ce livre a aussi reçu les prix littéraires allemands suivants :
 2011 : Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis dans la catégorie du meilleur livre pour adolescents
 2011 : Clemens-Brentano-Preis
 2012 : Hans-Fallada-Preis

Adaptation
Le roman fait l'objet d'une adaptation en film en 2016 sous le titre original allemand, Tschick. Ce film a été réalisé par Fatih Akin avec Tristan Göbel dans le rôle de Maik et Anand Batbileg dans le rôle de Tschick.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Roman allemand adapté au cinéma

Goodbye Berlin


Les élections législatives françaises de 1986 ont lieu le . Dans le département du Morbihan, six députés sont à élire dans le cadre d'un scrutin proportionnel par liste départementale à un seul tour.

Élus

Positionnement des partis

Résultats

Analyse

Résultats à l'échelle du département

Listes complètes en présence

Articles connexes
 Liste des circonscriptions législatives du Morbihan
 Liste des députés du Morbihan
 Élections législatives françaises de 1986

Notes et références

Morbihan
Législatives, 1986

Élections législatives de 1986 dans le Morbihan


Xavier Kurt Naidoo (d. 2 Ekim 1971, Mannheim) Alman müzisyen, besteci ve ses sanatçısı. "Ich kenne nichts...", "20.000 Meilen", "Für mich ans Licht", "Sie sieht mich nicht", "Dieser Weg", "Was wir alleine nicht schaffen" ve "Wo willst du hin?" en ünlü şarkılarıdır.

Diskografi

Stüdyo albümleri
 Seeing Is Believing (1993)
 Nicht von dieser Welt (1998)
 Zwischenspiel / Alles für den Herrn (2002)
 Telegramm für X (2005)
 Alles kann besser werden (2009)
 Mordsmusik (2013) (as Der Xer)
 Bei meiner Seele (2013)
 Tanzmusik (Xavier lebt hier nicht mehr) (2014)

Konser albümleri
 Live (1999)
 Alles Gute vor uns (2003)
 Wettsingen in Schwetzingen - MTV Unplugged (2008)
 Alles kann besser werden - Live in Oberhausen (2010)

Filmografi
Tatort - Die kleine Zeugin (TV, 2000)
Auf Herz und Nieren (2001)

Müzikal
Human Pacific (1995)
People (1998)

Ödüller
1999: MTV Europe Music Award - "Best German Act"
2000: ECHO - "Best National Male Artist - Rock/Pop"
2002: Goldene Stimmgabel
2002: Comet - "Best Act National"
2002: MTV Europe Music Award - "Best German Act"
2004: Amadeus Award - "Record of The Year" for "Ich kenne nichts (Das so schön ist wie Du)"
2006: Goldene Kamera - "Pop National"
2006: ECHO - "Best National Male Artist - Rock/Pop"
2014: Das Goldene Brett vorm Kopf

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi sitesi
 Resmi Dublörü

1971 doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Alman bestecileri
21. yüzyıl Alman bestecileri
Alman soul şarkıcıları
Hint asıllı Almanlar
İrlanda asıllı Almanlar
Yaşayan insanlar
21. yüzyıl erkek şarkıcıları
Alman erkek pop şarkıcıları

Xavier Naidoo


La route régionale 552 () est une route régionale allant Niinivedenpääa à Vesanto jusqu'à Keitele en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 552 est une route régionale de Savonie du Nord.

Parcours
 Vesanto
 Niinivedenpää
 Hamula
 Leppäselkä
 Keitele
 Hietalahti
 Keitele

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

552

Transport à Keitele
Transport à Vesanto

Seututie 552


An Macradenia delicatula in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni João Barbosa Rodrigues. An Macradenia delicatula in nahilalakip ha genus nga Macradenia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Macradenia

Macradenia delicatula


Tiger Airways Singapore Pte Ltd (), que operaba como Tigerair, era una aerolínea de bajo coste con base en Singapur. Operaba vuelos a destinos regionales del Sureste de Asia, Australia, China e India desde su base principal en el Aeropuerto de Singapur Changi.

Tiger Airways ganó la CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year Award de 2006 y 2010.

Tigerair se fusionó con Scoot Con La Ayuda De Mrbeast el 25 de julio de 2017, operando bajo la marca Scoot.

Flota
Al momento de la fusión con Scoot, la flota de Tigerair consistía en las siguientes aeronaves:

Todos los A320 ofrecían una configuración única de 180 asientos de clase turista. La separación entre asientos era de 72,5 cm para filas estándar y 97,5 cm para las filas con espacio extra para las piernas y de las salidas de emergencia.

Véase también
Anexo:Aerolíneas de Singapur

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Tiger Airways
 Revista de Tiger Tales

Aerolíneas de Singapur
Aerolíneas de bajo costo
Aerolíneas fundadas en 2003
Aerolíneas desaparecidas en 2017

Tiger Airways


ذا اكبسندايبلز  هو فيلم حركة (أكشن)، من تأليف وإخراج سيلفستر ستالون، التصوير بدأ في 28 مارس 2009 في ريو دي جنيرو ونيو أورلينز ولوس انجلس. وصدر في 20 اغسطس 2010.

القصة
جماعة من المرتزقة أرسلوا في مهمة إلى بلد في أمريكا الجنوبية، بهدف إسقاط الحاكم الطاغية. وعندما تبدأ المهمة يكتشف المرتزقة أن الوضع ليس كما يبدو، ثم يجدون نفسهم محاصرين في لعبة مميتة مع خائن في صفوفهم.

ظهور أرنولد شوارزنيجر
يظهر حاكم كاليفورنيا الممثل الشهير أرنولد شوارزنيجر كضيف في الفيلم وفي المشهد القصير الذي شاركه فيه كل من نجمي هوليود سيلفستر ستالون وبروس ويليس يدور بين الثلاثة حديث كان فيه تطابق مع الواقع حين قال ستالون شوارزنيجر كان يعمل معه سابقا في نفس المجال في إشارة إلى التمثيل وفي نهاية المشهد قال ستالون إن شوارزنيجر يريد أن يصبح رئيسا في إشارة إلى رغبة الأخير في الوصول إلى البيت الأبيض حيث قال مرة أنه يفكر في السعي لحذف المادة القانونية التي تمنع الأمريكيين المولودين خارج البلاد من الترشح لكرسي الرئاسة.

الشخصيات

المرتزقة
 سيلفستر ستالون في دور بارني «ذا ستيتجو» روس، وهو محارب قديم في القوات شبه العسكري وقائد الفريق.
 جيسون ستاتوم في دور لي كريسماس، القائد الثاني للفريق وهو جندي سابق وخبير في الخدمة الجوية الخاصة.
 جيت لي في دور يين يانغ، صيني خبير في فنون الدفاع عن النفس.
 دولف لندجرين في دور غونار جنسن، قناص سويدي ويكره يين يانغ ويتعارك معه في كثير من الأحيان.
 تيري كروز في دور هيل قيصر، صديق يين وأخصائي الأسلحة.
 راندي كوتور في دور تول رود، خبير هدم.
 ميكي رورك في دور توول، مرتزق سابق والآن يعمل كتاجر أسلحة ورسام وشوم.

شخصيات أخرى
 كاريزما كاربنتر في دور لوسي، خطيرة لي كريسماس.
 بروس ويليس في دور السيد جيرج، الشخص الذي استاجر المرتزقة.
 أرنولد شوارزنيجر في دور تريتش، ، وهو المنافس القديم لبروس.
 جيزيل لتي في دور ساندرا، امرأة شابة وطنية وهي في الحقيقة عميلة للشرطة الجنائية.
 لورين جونز في دور شايان، حبيبة توول.

رجال غارسا
 ديفيد زاياس في دور الجنرال غارسا، الطاغية.
 اريك روبرتس في دور جيمس مونرو، موضف فاسد في سي إس آي
 ستيف أوستن في دور دان باين، حارس مونرو.
 غاري دانيلز في دور ذا بريت مساعد الجنرال غارسا الرئيسي ومرتزق سابق يريد الذهاب للحرب والانتقام من الفريق بعد طرده.
 أنطونيو رودريغو نوغيرا في دور سيف الفيتو للجنرال غارسا.
 امين يوسف وسينيو أمواكو في دور قادة مجموعة قراصنة صوماليون الذين يواجهون المرتزقة في بداية الفيلم.

وصلات خارجية

 The Expendables Official Trailer

المراجع

أرنولد شوارزنيجر
أفلام أخرجها سيلفستر ستالون
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية عن انتقام
أفلام أمريكية في عقد 2010
أفلام إثارة
أفلام إثارة وحركة أمريكية
أفلام إثارة وحركة إنتاج عقد 2010
أفلام إثارة وحركة في 2010
أفلام إنتاج 2010
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2010
أفلام تقع أحداثها على جزر خيالية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في جزر
أفلام تقع أحداثها في دولة إفتراضية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في قارة أمريكا الجنوبية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في لوس أنجلوس
أفلام تقع أحداثها في نيو أورلينز
أفلام حربية إنتاج عقد 2010
أفلام رشحت لجائزة التوتة الذهبية
أفلام سجلها برايان تايلر
أفلام عن مرتزقة
أفلام ليون غيتز إنترتينمنت
أفلام مصورة في لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
أفلام مصورة في نيو أورلينز
أفلام مصورة في ولاية ريو دي جانيرو
أفلام مغامرات أمريكية
أفلام مغامرات حربية
أفلام مغامرة إنتاج عقد 2010
أفلام نو إيميج
قصص مصورة مبنية على أفلام
نصوص سينمائية كتبها سيلفستر ستالون

المرتزقة (فيلم 2010)


An innings is one of the divisions of a cricket match during which one team takes its turn to bat. Innings also means the period in which an individual player bats (acts as either striker or nonstriker). In cricket and rounders, "innings" is both singular and plural; this contrasts with baseball and softball in which the singular is "inning".

Origin
The earliest known record of the term concerns a match in August 1730 at Blackheath, Kent between a Kent side and London Cricket Club. The London-based St. James Evening Post reported: "'Twas thought that the Kentish champions would have lost their honours by being beat at one innings if time had permitted".

Usage in cricket
An innings is one of the divisions of a match during which one team takes its turn to bat, and is said to be "in to bat". Innings is the subject of Law 13 in the Laws of Cricket.

 In a first-class match, there are up to four innings, with each team due to bat twice (in practice, this is not always the case). In a limited overs match, there are only two innings, with each team batting once (though there can be extra, shortened innings in the case of a tie).
 An innings may end in a number of ways, such as when all but one batsman on the team is gotten out, or in limited overs cricket, when the limited number of overs for that innings have been bowled.

The term is also used with the meaning of "score" for both the team and each individual batsman. For example, it may be said that "he played an innings of 101", meaning that the player scored 101 runs in his innings (while batting during one of the team's innings). Similarly, it may be said that the team had a first innings (score) of 501.

Metaphor
The term can generally be taken as a reference to the time during which someone possesses something and, colloquially, the phrase "a good innings" means a long life.

See also
 Cricket terminology

References

Bibliography

External links
 ICC Cricket Rules and Regulations

Cricket laws and regulations
Cricket terminology
Cricket

Innings


Alexander Henrik af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg (født 12. september 1608, død 5. september 1667) var en sønderjysk fyrstelig, der grundlagde den såkaldte schlesiske eller katolske linje af den sønderborgske hertugslægt. Alexander Henrik gik i kejserlig tjeneste under Trediveårskrigen og konverterede til katolicismen.

Biografi
Alexander Henrik blev født den 12. september 1608 som den anden søn af hertug Alexander af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg i dennes ægteskab med Dorothea af Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

I 1643 giftede Alexander Henrik sig morganatisk med Dorothea Marie Heshus (født omkr. 1605), der var datter af en minister, og med hvem han konverterede til katolicismen. Parret slog sig ned i Schlesien, hvor Alexander Henrik blev oberst i et kejserligt regiment. Han grundlagde dermed den såkaldte schlesiske eller katolske linje af den sønderborgske hertugslægt. Linjen uddøde i den følgende generation, da hans yngre søn Alexander Rudolf døde i 1737 uden mandligt afkom.

Børn

I ægteskabet mellem Alexander Henrik og Dorothea blev der født ni børn:
 Dorothea (1645-1650)
 Ferdinand Leopold (27. september 1647 - august 1702) Dekan i Breslau kannik i Olmütz
 Augusta (1649-1672)
 Marie Sybille (2. april 1650 - 1714); gift 1683 med Ferdinand Octavien greve af Wirmberg (1650 - 1695)
 Alexander Rudolf (23. august 1651 - 2. maj 1737 i Olmütz)
 Georg Christian (31. december 1653 - faldet ved Slaget ved Salankemen den 19. august 1691)
 Marie Eleonore Josefa (1655-1655)
 Leopold (1657-1658)
 Marie Eleonore Charlotte (10. oktober 1659 - 17. juli 1697); gift med Ferdinand Julius af Salm (1650-1697)

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hans den Yngres efterkommere

Sønderborgske fyrstelige
Huset Oldenburg


Itaywiy, nekadašnje selo Luiseño Indijanaca. U drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća nalazilo se u blizini misije San Luis Rey, na jugu Kalifornije. Spominje ga Taylor u Cal. Farmer, (1860).
Swanton ovo selo nema na svojem popisu, dok Hodge ovim imenom naziva i jednu skupinu ili rancheriju Kamia Indijanaca

Izvori

Indijanska sela, Luiseño

Itaywiy


فارنيزي (Farnese) عائلة ذات نفوذ من عصر النهضة الإيطالي ، تولت دوقية بارما ويـُذكر من بين أهم أعضاءها البابا بولس الثالث.

عدة أعمال معمارية وأثرية هامة مرتبطة بأسرة فارنيزي ، سواء من بالبناء أو بالشراء ، بما فيها رخاميات فارنيزي . ويشمل ذلك قصر فارنيزي في روما وفيلا فارنيزي في كابرارولا.

مراجع

انظر أيضًا
 أسر بابوية

أسر بابوية
دوقية بارما
دوقية كاسترو
عائلات إيطالية نبيلة
عائلات كاثوليكية
عائلات مالكة أوروبية

فارنيزي


Kim Ju-hyeon ou Kil Ju-hyun est une musicienne traditionnelle sud-coréenne jouant de l'ajaeng

Biographie
En 1997, elle apprit la musique coréenne au sein du Groupe national des arts du spectacle Shilla de Gyeongju. Elle fréquenta ensuite le Lycée national des arts traditionnels coréens et étudia l'éducation à l'université Yonsei, puis elle se perfectionna étudié Agen dans le département de musique coréenne de l'Université Ewha Womans.

Elle a participé au Festival international d'Édimbourg en 2011 dans une mise en scène de La Tempête

Elle a joué avec .

Depuis 2013, elle travaille avec l'Institut de la percussion traditionnelle et tente de greffer des instruments coréens dans des œuvres musicales.

Elle donne aussi de nombreuses conférences.

Liens externes

Étudiant de l'université Yonsei
Étudiante de l'université pour femmes Ewha
Élève du Lycée national des arts traditionnels coréens
Naissance en octobre 1987
Musicien sud-coréen
Naissance à Pohang

Kim Ju-hyun


Babylon A.D. este un film postapocaliptic distopic franțuzesc în limba engleză din 2008 regizat de Mathieu Kassovitz. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Vin Diesel,  Mélanie Thierry, Michelle Yeoh, Lambert Wilson și Mark Strong. Scenariul este bazat pe romanul din 1999, Babylon Babies, scris de Maurice G. Dantec. Este distribuit de 20th Century Fox. A avut premiera la 29 august 2008 și în România la 20 martie 2009.

Prezentare

În viitorul apropiat, când lumea este devastată de război, anarhie, anomie și fundamentalism de orice tip, un mafiot pe nume Hugo Cornelius Gorsky îl angajează pe Toorop, un mercenar cinic și deziluzionat. Acesta are misiunea de a escorta din Mongolia la New York via Rusia o fată numită Aurora care trebuie să ajungă în mâinile unei secte bogate. Aurora este însoțită și de sora Rebeka. Dar, în timpul călătoriei, fata are un comportament din ce în ce ciudat și Toorop o suspectează că ascunde un secret care ar putea fi un virus periculos.

Distribuție
 Vin Diesel ca Hugo Cornelius Toorop
 Mélanie Thierry ca Aurora
 Michelle Yeoh ca Sora Rebeka
 Lambert Wilson ca Dr. Arthur Darquandier
 Mark Strong ca Finn
 Jérôme Le Banner - Killa
 Charlotte Rampling ca Marea Preoteasă Noelite
 Gérard Depardieu ca Gorsky
 Joel Kirby ca medicul Newton
 Souleymane Dicko ca Jamal
 David Belle ca Hacker Kid
 Rudy Duong ca Parkour Stuntman
 Radek Bruna - Karl
 David Gasman ca cercetător al Noelite
 Lemmy Constantine ca director de marketing al Noelite

Producție
Filmările au început în februarie 2007 la Barrandov Studios, iar în martie la Ostrava, în Republica Cehă. Cheltuielile de producție s-au ridicat la 70 de milioane $.

Primire
Filmul, în general, nu a fost apreciat de către critici. Metacritic a acordat un rating de 26% pe baza a 15 recenzii. Rotten Tomatoes a dat filmului un rating de 6%  bazat pe 100 de recenzii (94 negative, 6 pozitive) cu consensul:  "Un film prost construit, cu un SF derivat, cu un scenariu slab și secvențe sărace de acțiune."

Trivia
În acest film, tigrul siberian a dispărut în 2017 și este clonat.

Note

Legături externe

 Babylon A.D.  la Metacritic

 Babylon A.D. la Box Office Mojo

Vezi și
 Listă de filme de acțiune din 2008
Listă de filme distopice
 Listă de filme produse de 20th Century Fox
 Listă de filme cu acțiunea în viitor
 Listă de filme științifico-fantastice din anii 2000

Filme din 2008
Filme franțuzești
Filme în limba engleză
Filme în limba rusă
Filme regizate de Mathieu Kassovitz
Filme SF din anii 2000
Filme de acțiune din anii 2000
Filme postapocaliptice
Filme distopice
Filme StudioCanal
Filme MNP Entreprise
Filme M6 Films
Filme One Race Films
Filme Dune Entertainment
Filme 20th Century Fox
Filme americane
Filme britanice
Filme cu acțiunea în viitor

Babylon A.D.


Lloyd Biggle Jr. (April 17, 1923 – September 12, 2002) was an American musician, author, and internationally known oral historian.

Biography
Biggle was born in 1923 in Waterloo, Iowa. He served in World War II as a communications sergeant in a rifle company of the 102nd Infantry Division; during the war, he was wounded twice. His second wound, a shrapnel wound in his leg received near the Elbe River at the end of the war, left him disabled for life.

After the war, Biggle resumed his education. He received an A.B. Degree with High Distinction from Wayne State University and M.M. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Michigan. Biggle taught at the University of Michigan and at Eastern Michigan University in the 1950s. He began writing professionally in 1955 and became a full-time writer with the publication of his novel, All the Colors of Darkness in 1963; he continued in the writing profession until his death.

Career
Biggle was celebrated in science fiction circles as the author who introduced aesthetics into a literature known for its scientific and technological complications. His stories frequently used musical and artistic themes. Such notables as songwriter Jimmy Webb and novelist Orson Scott Card have written of the tremendous effect that his early story, "The Tunesmith", had on them in their youth. Among Biggle's enduring science fiction creations were the matter-transmission trouble-shooting team of Jan Darzek/Effie Schlupe, and the Cultural Survey, featured in novels and magazine stories, through which Biggle explored issues of multi-culturalism and technology.

In the field of mystery writing, Biggle's Grandfather Rastin stories appeared for many years in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine. He loved writing historical fiction set in late Victorian and Edwardian England. He wrote a series of new Sherlock Holmes stories from the perspective of Edward Porter Jones, an assistant who began his association with Holmes as a "Baker Street Irregular"; several stories, including "The Quallsford Inheritance" and "The Glendower Conspiracy", feature Jones and Holmes. These were followed by a series of stories featured in Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine starring Biggle's Victorian sleuth, Lady Sara Varnley.

Both Biggle's science fiction and mystery stories have received international acclaim, being nominated for the 1962 Hugo for short fiction, and also for the Locus Readers awards in 1972, 1973, and 1974. He published two dozen books as well as magazine stories and numerous articles. His last novel was The Chronocide Mission. He was writing almost to the moment of his death. "I can write them faster than the magazines can publish them," he once said, and indeed, magazines continued to publish backlogged stories of his well after his death.  Few of his works have been in print since the early 2000s, but most of his novels are available as e-books.

Biggle was the founding Secretary-Treasurer of Science Fiction Writers of America and served as Chairman of its trustees for many years. In the 1970s, he founded the Science Fiction Oral History Association, which built archives containing hundreds of cassette tapes of science fiction notables making speeches and discussing aspects of their craft. He numbered many of these science fiction notables among his friends, and his article in the July/August 2002 Analog Magazine, "Isaac Asimov Remembered", was based in part on his personal recollections of that celebrity.

He was a member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Disabled American Veterans, and the Military Order of the Purple Heart.

He died at the end of a twenty-year battle with leukemia and cancer.

Bibliography

References

External links

 Lloyd Biggle Papers at the Kenneth Spencer Research Library at the University of Kansas

1923 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
United States Army non-commissioned officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
American male short story writers
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from cancer in the United States

Lloyd Biggle Jr.


L'édition 2022 du tournoi de tennis de Limoges se déroule du 11 au  sur dur en intérieur. Elle appartient à la catégorie WTA 125.

Anhelina Kalinina remporte le tournoi en simple. En finale, elle bat Clara Tauson, décrochant à cette occasion son premier titre dans cette catégorie.

L'épreuve de double voit quant à elle s'imposer Oksana Kalashnikova et Marta Kostyuk.

Faits marquants

Forfaits
  Cristina Bucșa, remplacée par  Anna-Lena Friedsam
  Vitalia Diatchenko, remplacée par  Carole Monnet
  Léolia Jeanjean, remplacée par  Clara Burel
  Tamara Korpatsch, remplacée par  Joanne Züger
  Tatjana Maria, remplacée par  Émeline Dartron
  Alycia Parks, remplacée par  Jenny Lim
  Nuria Párrizas Díaz, remplacée par  Lucrezia Stefanini
  Diane Parry, remplacée par  Greet Minnen
  Alison Van Uytvanck, remplacée par  Katrina Scott
  Markéta Vondroušová, remplacée par  Joanna Garland
  Dayana Yastremska, remplacée par  Jessika Ponchet
  Maryna Zanevska, remplacée par  Clara Tauson

Contexte
Après l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie fin février, les instances dirigeantes internationales du tennis autorisent les joueuses de Russie et de Biélorussie à participer aux tournois, mais pas sous le drapeau de leur pays, jusqu'à nouvel ordre.

Lauréates
L'Ukrainienne Anhelina Kalinina remporte le premier titre de sa carrière en catégorie WTA 125 en dominant en finale la Danoise Clara Tauson.

La paire Oksana Kalashnikova / Marta Kostyuk remporte le double.

Primes et points

Source:

Résultats en simple

Parcours

Tableau

Résultats en double

Parcours

Tableau

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Tournoi de tennis de Limoges
 Saison 2022 de la WTA

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Tournoi de tennis de Limoges (WTA 2022)


ميناء قصر أحمد كان يسمى في الماضي (مرسى هوارة) يقع في أقصى الطرف الغربي من خليج سرت على ساحل البحر المتوسط، في قرية قصر أحمد شرقي مصراتة الليبية في منطقة قصر أحمد. الميناء حديث نسبيا حيث تم إنشاؤه في العام 1978.

منشآت الميناء
يوجد حول الميناء في البحر حاجزين صناعيين الأول طوله 1400 متر والثاني بطول 1800 متر وتبلغ كمية المياه المحصورة بينهما 700,000 متر مربع. أما الأرصفة فيبلغ عددها 21 رصيفا بارتفاع 2.25 متر وطولها 3,890 متر. بينها 9 أرصفة بضائع عامة و4 أرصفة شحن أفقي ورصيف نفطي واحد.
ويبلغ إجمالي المساحات المرصوفة 1,100,000 م2.

المنطقة الحرة بمصراتة
تم في العام 2000 إنشاء المنطقة الحرة بمصراتة وهي منطقة محررة من القيود الجمركية والضريبية، لتصبح أول منطقة حرة في ليبيا بموجب قرار اللجنة الشعبية العامة رقم (495) لسنة 2000، وتم إعادة تنظيمها بقرار اللجنة الشعبية العامة رقم (32) لسنة 2006.
وتمتد المنطقة الحرة قصر أحمد على مساحة 3539 هكتار.

تم في العام 2006 إضافة ميناء قصر أحمد إلى المنطقة الحرة بمصراتة لتكون إحدى روافده. وتدير المنطقة الحرة بمصراته الهيئة العامة للمناطق الحرة.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للمنطقة الحرة بمصراته
 موقع غرفة التجارة والصناعة بمصراته

إقليم طرابلس
مواقع أثرية في ليبيا
مصراتة
موانئ ومرافئ ليبيا
أماكن مأهولة في شعبية مصراتة

ميناء قصر أحمد


The Dassault Mirage 5 is a French supersonic attack aircraft designed by Dassault Aviation during the 1960s and manufactured in France and a number of other countries. It was derived from Dassault's popular Mirage III fighter and spawned several variants of its own, including the IAI Kfir. In Pakistan's service, the Mirage 5s are modified and are capable of nuclear weapons delivery.

Design and development

Early development
The Mirage 5 grew out of a request to Dassault from the Israeli Air Force. Since the weather over the Middle East is clear and sunny most of the time, the Israelis suggested removing avionics, normally located behind the cockpit, from the standard Mirage IIIE to reduce cost and maintenance, and replacing them with more fuel storage for attack missions. In September 1966, the Israelis placed an order for 50 of the new aircraft.

Mirage 5

The first Mirage 5 flew on 19 May 1967. It looked much like the Mirage III, except that it had a long slender nose that extended the aircraft's length by about half a metre. A pitot tube was distinctively moved from the tip of the nose to below the nose in the majority of Mirage 5 variants.

The Mirage 5 retained the IIIE's twin DEFA guns, but added two additional pylons, for a total of seven. Maximum warload was 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Provision for the SEPR rocket engine was deleted.

Rising tensions in the Middle East led French President Charles de Gaulle to embargo the Israeli Mirage 5s on 3 June 1967. The Mirages continued to roll off the production line, even though they were embargoed, and by 1968 the batch was complete and the Israelis had provided final payments.

In late 1969, the Israelis, who had pilots in France testing the aircraft, requested that the aircraft be transferred to Corsica, in theory to allow them to continue flight training during the winter. The French government became suspicious when the Israelis also tried to obtain long-range fuel tanks and cancelled the move. The Israelis finally gave up trying to acquire the aircraft and accepted a refund.

Some sources claim that cooperation with France resumed outside the public's eye and Israel received 50 Mirage 5s in crates from the French Air Force, while the French took over the 50 aircraft originally intended for Israel, as Mirage 5Fs. Officially, Israel claimed to have built the aircraft after obtaining complete blueprints, naming them IAI Nesher.

Like the Mirage IIIE, the Mirage 5 was popular with export customers, with different export variants fitted with a wide range of different avionics. While the Mirage 5 had been originally oriented to the clear-weather attack role, with some avionic fits it was refocused to the air-combat mission. As electronic systems became more compact and powerful, it was possible to provide the Mirage 5 with increased capability, even though the rear avionics bay had been deleted, therefore in some sub-versions, the result was a "reinvented" Mirage IIIE.

Reconnaissance and two-seat versions of the Mirage 5 were sold, with the designation Mirage 5R, and Mirage 5D respectively.

The Mirage 5 was sold to Abu Dhabi, Belgium, Colombia, Egypt, Gabon, Libya, Pakistan, Peru, Venezuela, and Zaire, with the usual list of subvariant designations and variations in kit. The Belgian aircraft were fitted with mostly US avionics, and some Egyptian aircraft were fitted with the MS2 attack avionics system from the Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet.

In 1978 and 1980, Israel sold a total of 35 of their Neshers plus 4 Nesher trainer aircraft (Nesher Ts) to Argentina, where they were locally known first as Daggers and after their upgrade as Fingers. The Argentines lost two Mirage IIIEAs and twelve Daggers during the Falklands War in 1982. As a measure of solidarity, the Peruvians transferred ten of their Mirage 5Ps to Argentina, under the name Mirage Mara, to help alleviate its losses.

South Africa purchased five Nesher trainers for trials during its own Atlas Cheetah fighter programme. All the aircraft were eventually upgraded to Cheetah D standard.

Chile incorporated some Mirage 5s under name Mirage Elkan.

A total of 582 Mirage 5s were built, including 51 Israeli Neshers.

Belgian production

In 1968, the Belgian government ordered 106 Mirage 5s from Dassault to re-equip No 3 Wing at Bierset air base. All aircraft but the first one were to be license-built by SABCA in Belgium. Component production at the SABCA Haren plant near Brussels was followed by assembly at the SABCA plant at Gosselies airfield, near Charleroi. The ATAR engines were produced by FN Moteurs at this company's Liège plant.
SABCA production included three versions: Mirage 5BA for the ground-attack role, Mirage 5BR for the reconnaissance role and Mirage 5BD for training and conversion.

By the end of the 1980s, a MIRage Safety Improvement Program (MIRSIP) was agreed to by parliament, calling for 20 low-time Mirages (15 Mirage 5BAs and 5 Mirage 5BDs) to be upgraded. Initial plans included a new more powerful engine, but this idea was abandoned to limit cost. The upgrade eventually included a more modern cockpit, a new ejection seat, a laser rangefinder, and canards to improve takeoff performance and overall maneuverability. A new government canceled the MIRSIP but SABCA was allowed to carry out the update, in order to sell the aircraft on the export market. After completion, the Belgian government sold all 20 aircraft to Chile, together with 4 non-upgraded Mirage 5BRs, and one non-upgraded Mirage 5BD.

Mirage 50
The new Atar 09K-50 engine, however, was still an improvement, and fitting this engine led to the next Mirage variant, the Mirage 50, during the 1970s. The uprated engine gave the Mirage 50 better takeoff and climb characteristics than its predecessors. While the Mirage 50 also incorporated new avionics, such as a Cyrano IV radar system, it did not prove popular in export sales, as the first-generation Mirage series was becoming obsolete.

Chile ordered a quantity of Mirage 50s, receiving both new production as well as updated Armée de l'Air Mirage 5s. The Chilean aircraft were later modernised along the lines of the IAI Kfir as the ENAER Pantera. The Pantera incorporates fixed canards and other aerodynamic improvements, as well as advanced avionics. These aircraft have an extended nose to accommodate some of the new systems.

In the early 1990s, Dassault upgraded a batch of Venezuelan Mirage IIIEVs and 5s to Mirage 50 standards.

Mirage 5 ROSE

In 1982, Pakistan Chief of Air Staff ACM  Anwar Shamim acquired an additional squadron of the Mirage 5 from France to provide  effective support to the Navy.

In the 1990s, the PAF launched a Mid-life update (MLU) program, codenamed as Project ROSE (Retrofit Of Strike Element), to its aging Mirage III and Mirage 5 aircraft with modern avionics provided by French, Italian, and Pakistani software conglomerates. The PAF acquired blueprint drawings of the aircraft from France, redeveloping and redesigning it at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex.

In the first phases of the project, the PAF acquired 33 former Australian Air Force Mirage III fighters were upgraded and designated ROSE I. The PAF then procured surplus Mirage 5F fighters in the late 1990s from the French Air Force in two batches. Around 20 fighters from the first batch were upgraded with new cockpits, navigation/attack suites, defensive aids systems and a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor under the aircraft's nose/cockpit, being designated ROSE II. The cockpits included new MFDs, HUDs, HOTAS controls, radar altimeters and RWRs.

Additionally, there were 14 Mirage 5F fighters from the second batch that were upgraded similarly but with newer systems and designated ROSE III. The FLIR sensors allow the Mirage 5 ROSE fighters to specialise in the night-time attack role.

Operational history

Pakistan
In February 2019, IAF jets violated Pakistani airspace and bombed a wooded area in Balakot.
Resultantly, Pakistan launched retaliatory airstrikes (Codenamed "Operation Swift Retort") on military installations at Indian Administered Kashmir. During the airstrikes, two Dassault Mirage-5PAs from the No. 15 Squadron dropped their H-4 SOW glide bombs which were guided to their specific targets by Weapon System Officers seated in Dassault Mirage-IIIDAs via data link. The operation was a success and the aircraft returned safely.

Variants
 Mirage 5 : Single-seat radarless ground-attack fighter aircraft.
 Mirage 5AD : Export version of Mirage 5 for Abu Dhabi, UAE; 12 built.
 Mirage 5EAD : Single-seat radar-equipped fighter-bomber version for Abu Dhabi, UAE. 14 built.
 Mirage 5BA : Single-seat version of the Mirage 5 for Belgium, fitted with mainly US avionics; 63 built, 62 under license by SABCA.
 Mirage 5COA : Export version of the Mirage 5 for Colombia. 14 built. Remaining aircraft upgraded by IAI with canards and new avionics.
 Mirage 5D : Export single-seat ground-attack aircraft of the Mirage 5 for Libya; 53 built.
 Mirage 5DE : Single-seat radar-equipped fighter-bomber version for Libya; 32 built. 31 survivors upgraded with radar warning receivers starting in 1975.
 Mirage 5F : Single-seat ground-attack fighter aircraft for the French Air Force. 50 ex-Israeli Mirage 5Js. Eight aircraft withdrawn for conversion to Mirage 50C for Chile, with eight new-build 5Fs built as replacements.
 Mirage 5G : Export version of the Mirage 5 for Gabon. Three built.
 Mirage 5G2 : Four aircraft for Gabon, with provision for a laser rangefinder under the nose; two new-build and two undelivered ex-Zaire 5M.
 Mirage 5J : 50 aircraft were ordered by Israel, but the order was later embargoed by the French government. They were delivered instead to the French Air Force as the Mirage 5F.
 Mirage 5M : Export version of the Mirage 5 for Zaire; 14 built, of which only 11 delivered owing to funding shortages.
 Mirage 5MA Elkan : Upgraded Mirage 5BA aircraft sold to Chile.
 Mirage 5P : Export version of the Mirage 5 for Peru; 22 built.
 Mirage 5P Mara : Upgraded Mirage 5P for Argentina; 10 aircraft sold by Peru.
 Mirage 5P3 : Upgraded aircraft for Peru, with new Litton inertial navigation system, radio altimeter, and new IFF; 10 built.
 Mirage 5P4 : Upgraded aircraft for Peru, with all of the improvements found on the Mirage 5P3, as well as a head-up display, a laser rangefinder, HOTAS controls, in-flight refueling probe, and capable of using R.550 Magic missiles; two new-build plus upgraded older aircraft.
 Mirage 5PA : Single-seat radarless version of the Mirage 5 for Pakistan; 28 built. Later modernized with a head-up display and a Litton inertial navigation system.
 Mirage 5PA2 : New-build aircraft for Pakistan, fitted with the Agave radar; 18 built.
 Mirage 5PA3 : New-build anti-shipping aircraft for Pakistan, also fitted with the Agave radar and compatible with the Exocet anti-ship missile. 12 built.
 Mirage 5SDE : Single-seat radar-equipped fighter-bomber version for Egypt, equivalent to Mirage IIIE; 54 built.
 Mirage 5E2 : Upgraded radarless attack version for Egypt, with a navigation and attack system identical to the one found on the Alpha Jet MS2. 16 built.
 Mirage 5V : Single-seat ground attack aircraft 5 for Venezuela; six built. 2 survivors rebuilt to Mirage 50EV standard, and 1 to Mirage 50DV.
 Mirage 5R : Single-seat reconnaissance aircraft.
 Mirage 5BR : Reconnaissance version of 5BA for Belgium; 27 built, 23 in Belgium.
 Mirage 5COR : Export version of the Mirage 5R for Colombia; two built.
 Mirage 5DR : Export version of the Mirage 5R for Libya; ten built.
 Mirage 5RAD : Export version of the Mirage 5R for Abu Dhabi, UAE; three built.
 Mirage 5SDR : Export version of the Mirage 5R for Egypt; six built.
 Mirage 5Dx : Two-seat training version.
 Mirage 5BD : Two-seat trainer version of 5BA for Belgium; 16 built, 15 built locally.
 Mirage 5COD : Two-seat trainer for Colombia. Two built. Upgraded with canards and new avionics.
 Mirage 5DAD : Two-seat trainer for Abu Dhabi, UAE. Three built.
 Mirage 5DD : Two-seat trainer for Libya; 15 built.
 Mirage 5DG : Two-seat trainer for Gabon; two delivered in 1978.
 Mirage 5DG2 : Two-seat trainer for Gabon; two built, delivered in 1984 and 1985 respectively.
 Mirage 5DM : Two-seat trainer for Zaire; three built, all of which were delivered.
 Mirage 5DP : Two-seat trainer for Peru; four delivered.
 Mirage 5DP3 : Upgraded trainer for Peru, with the same improvements as on the Mirage 5P3; one built.
 Mirage 5DP4 : Upgraded trainer for Peru, with the same improvements as on the Mirage 5P4, except the in-flight refueling probe; one new-build plus upgraded older aircraft.
 Mirage 5DPA2 : Two-seat trainer version for Pakistan; two built.
 Mirage 5DV : Two-seat trainer for Venezuela; three built. One survivor rebuilt to Mirage 50DV standard.
 Mirage 5MD Elkan : Upgraded Mirage 5BD aircraft sold to Chile.
 Mirage 5SDD : Two-seat trainer for Egypt; six built.
 Mirage 50 : multi-role fighter-bomber, ground-attack aircraft, powered by more powerful 49.2 kN (11,055 lbf) dry, 70.6 kN (15,870 lbf) with reheat Atar 9K-50 engine. Available with or without radar.
 Mirage 50C : New-build radar-equipped Mirage 50 for Chile; six built.
 Mirage 50FC : Eight re-engined Mirage 5F aircraft sold to Chile.
 Mirage 50DC : Two-seat training version for Chile. Three built, two with lower powered Atar 9C-3 engine.
 Mirage 50CN Pantera : Mirage 50C and 50FC aircraft upgraded by ENAER with help from the Israeli company IAI for Chile with canards, revised, Kfir style nose and new avionics; 13 50C and FC upgraded plus two 50DC trainers.
 Mirage 50EV : Single-seat fighter-bomber version for Venezuela. Fitted with canards, and an in-flight refueling probe. New Cyrano IVM3 radar, SAGEM inertial navigation system, and head-up display. Equipped with a Sherloc radar warning receiver, and an ALE-40 chaff/flare dispenser. Capable of using the Exocet anti-ship missile. Six new-build, as well as seven upgraded aircraft (two Mirage IIIEV, two Mirage 5V, and three ex-Zairian Mirage 5M).
 Mirage 50DV : Two-seat training version for Venezuela. Similar standard to 50EV, save for the radar, and the refueling probe that can only be used for training (no fuel transfer possible). One new build plus two upgrades (one Mirage 5V and one Mirage 5DV). This variant is also in service with the Ecuadorian Air Force.

Operators

Current
: 75 currently operational, out of 101 delivered, one of which was shot down on 14 March 1986 during Iran–Iraq War by AIM-9 Sidewinder launched by an Iranian Grumman F-14 Tomcat.
 : 92
 Combat Commanders' School, PAF Base Mushaf, Mirage 5PA
 No. 8 Squadron, PAF Base Masroor, Mirage 5PA2, 5PA3, 5DPA2 - (1979-2022)
 9 Squadron, PAF Base Rafiqui, Mirage 5PA - (1973–1984)
 15 Squadron, PAF Base Rafiqui, Mirage 5PA, 5DR (Converted to J-10C in 2022)
 No.18 Squadron, PAF Base Masroor, Mirage 5PA2 - (1981–1989)
 No. 22 Squadron, PAF Base Masroor, Mirage 5PA, 5PA2 - (1984-2004)
 25 Squadron, PAF Base Rafiqui, Mirage 5F ROSE II
 27 Squadron, PAF Base Rafiqui, Mirage 5F ROSE III

Former
  / : 32
 : 10 Mirage 5P and 39 IAI Nesher
 : 106
 : 42, 25 Mirage 5M ELKAN and 17 Mirage 50
 : 18
 : 6 Mirage 50
 : 50
 : 11
 : 61 IAI Nesher
 : 110
 : 40
 : 5 IAI Nesher; all upgraded to Atlas Cheetah
 : 21, 9 Mirage 5 and 16 Mirage 50 (including 4 rebuilt Mirage 5 that were already used by Venezuela before)
 : 17

Specifications (Mirage 5F)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Atlejees, Leephy.  Armscor Film by Armscor, SABC and Leephy Atlejees. Public broadcast by SABC Television, 1972, rebroadcast: 1982, 1984.
 Baker, Nigel and Tom Cooper. "Middle East Database: Dassault Mirage III & Mirage 5/Nesher in Israeli Service".www.acig.org, Air Combat Information Group Journal (ACIG), 26 September 2003. Retrieved: 1 March 2009.
 Breffort, Dominique and Andre Jouineau. "The Mirage III, 5, 50 and derivatives from 1955 to 2000." Planes and Pilots 6. Paris: Histoire et Collections, 2004. .
 Carbonel, Jean-Christophe. French Secret Projects 1: Post War Fighters. Manchester, UK: Crecy Publishing, 2016.
 "Cheetah: Fighter Technologies". Archimedes 12, June 1987.

 Cooper, Tom. "Middle East Database: War of Attrition, 1969–1970." www.acig.org, Air Combat Information Group Journal (ACIG), 24 September 2003. Retrieved: 1 March 2009.
 "The Designer of the B-1 Bomber's Airframe".  Wings Magazine, Vol. 30/No 4, August 2000, p. 48.
 Donald, David and Jon Lake, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1996. .
 Donald, David and Jon Lake, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing, 2000. .
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark Books, 1994, .
 Jackson, Paul. Modern Combat Aircraft 23: Mirage. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan, 1985. .
 Jackson, Paul. "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 1: Dassault's Delta". World Air Power Journal Volume 14, Autumn/Fall 1993, pp. 112–137. London: Aerospace Publishing. .
 Jackson, Paul. "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 2: Fives, Fifties, Foreigners and Facelifts". World Air Power Journal Volume 15, Winter 1993, pp. 100–119. London:Aerospace Publishing. .
 Jackson, Paul. "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 3: The Operators". World Air Power Journal Volume 16, Spring 1994, pp. 90–119. London: Aerospace Publishing. .
 Lake, Jon. "Atlas Cheetah". World Air Power Journal 27, Winter 1966. pp. 42–53.
 Pérez, San Emeterio Carlos. Mirage: Espejismo de la técnica y de la política. Madrid: Armas 30. Editorial San Martin, 1978. .
 Rogers, Mike. VTOL Military Research Aircraft. London: Foulis, 1989. .
 Taylor, John W.R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. .

Further reading

External links

 Mirage-V MRO at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC)
 Mirage III/5/50 at FAS.org
 The Dassault Mirage III/5/50 Series from Greg Goebel's AIR VECTORS
 Mirage Argentina, el sitio de los Deltas argentinos (in Spanish) (accessed 2016-08-06)

Tailless delta-wing aircraft
Mirage 5
1960s French fighter aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1967
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex aircraft
Second-generation jet fighters

Dassault Mirage 5


El valle de Morrano es un valle de origen glaciar, se encuentra dentro del término municipal del Valle de Bohí (Alta Ribagorza), y dentro del Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes y Lago de San Mauricio.

El valle se encuentra por encima de los 1.850 metros y su superficie aproximada es de 5,1 km².

Referencias

Valle de Bohí

Valle de Morrano