Danciški gulden (njem. Danziger Gulden) bila je novčana jedinica Slobodnog grada Danziga od 1923. do 1939. godine.

Izdavao se u novčanicama od 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 500 i 1000 guldena i kovanicama od 1, 2, 5 i 10 pfenninga te 1⁄2, 1, 2, 5, 10 i 25 guldena.

Povijest
Do 1923. godine na području Danziga (Gdanjska) koristila se njemačka tiskana marka (papiermark). No, nakon što je marka doživjela inflaciju od 2440 % na mjesečnoj razini 1922. – 23., gradske vlasti su objavile uvođenje nove neovisne valute. Liga naroda ubrzo je odobrila zamjenu guldena za staru njemačku marku. Tečaj guldena u prvoj godini izdavanja iznosio je 25 guldena = 1 britanska funta.

Nakon što je Treći Reich prvog dana Invazije na Poljsku, 1. rujna 1939., pripojio Danzig, na snagu je stupila reichsmarka kao nova novčana jedinica, a razmjena jedinica odvijala se u omjeru: 1 gulden = 0,70 reichsmarka.

Izvori

Povijesne valute
Europske valute

Danciški gulden


Dan Muys (né le  dans le quartier de Copetown à Hamilton) est un homme politique canadien. Il représente la circonscription de Flamborough—Glanbrook depuis 2021 sous la bannière du parti conservateur.

Biographie
Originaire du quartier de Copetown, Muys est candidat du parti conservateur dans la circonscription de Flamborough—Glanbrook en vue des élections canadiennes de 2021. Il affronte alors le libéral Vito Sgro et le néo-démocrate Lorne Newick. Le soir de l'élection, Muys remporte la course. Avant son entrée au parlement, il a travaillé pendant 30 ans en politique.

Résultats électoraux

Références

Voir aussi
 Flamborough—Glanbrook

Naissance à Hamilton (Ontario)
Naissance en décembre 1970
Député du Parti conservateur du Canada
Député fédéral canadien provenant de l'Ontario
Étudiant de l'Université Wilfrid-Laurier

Dan Muys


Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni d'Entrecasteaux () (8. november 1737 – 21. juli 1793) var en fransk flådeofficer, opdagelsesrejsende og koloniguvernør. Han er mest kendt for sin udforskning af den australske kyst i 1792, da han ledte efter La Pérouse ekspeditionen. Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux kaldes normalt bare Bruni d'Entrecasteaux eller Bruny d'Entrecasteaux, som er et sammensat efternavn (afledt af hans fars efternavn Bruni og familiens oprindelse i Entrecasteaux i det sydøstlige Frankrig).

Tidlig karriere

Bruni d'Entrecasteaux var søn af Dorothée de Lestang-Parade og Jean Baptiste Bruny og født i Aix-en-Provence i 1739. Hans far var medlem af Parlamentet i Provence. Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux blev uddannet på en jesuiterskole og skulle angiveligt have planlagt at blive præst i Jesuiterordenen, men hans far greb ind og fik ham ind i den franske flåde i 1754. Bruni d'Entrecasteaux var aspirant på skibet Minerve med 26 kanoner under Slaget ved Menorca (en del af Syvårskrigen) i 1756, da en fransk flåde slog en britisk flåde. I april 1757 blev han udnævnt til enseigne de vaisseau (fændrik). Hans fortsatte karriere som juniorofficer var uden de store begivenheder, og han synes bare, at have gjort almindelig tjeneste i den Franske Flåde.

I en periode var Bruni d'Entrecasteaux vicedirektør for havne og arsenaler, hvorefter han i 1785 fik kommandoen over en fransk skvadron i Ostindien. Her åbnede han en ny rute til Canton gennem Sundastrædet og Molukkerne, som kunne bruges i den sydøstlige monsunsæson. Han blev derefter udnævnt til guvernør af den franske koloni Isle de France (nu Mauritius).

Eftersøgning af La Pérouse

I september 1791 besluttede den franske nationalforsamling at sende en ekspedition ud for at lede efter Jean-François de La Pérouse og hans ekspedition, som man ikke havde hørt fra, siden han forlod Botany Bay og den nyoprettede britiske koloni Sydney i marts 1788. Bruni d'Entrecasteaux blev udvalgt til at lede ekspeditionen. Han fik en fregat,  (500 tons), med løjtnant Jean-Louis d'Hesmity-d'Auribeau som næstkommanderende og Élisabeth Rossel som en af officererne. Et lignende skib, , blev kommanderet af Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec med de Trobriand som næstkommanderende. En anerkendt hydrografisk ingeniør, Beautemps-Beaupré, kom med som ekspeditionens hydrograf og korttegner.

Da ekspeditionen sejlede ud fra Brest 28. september 1791, blev Entrecasteaux forfremmet til kontreadmiral. Planen for rejsen var at sejle til New Holland (Australien), få landkending ved Cape Leeuwin, Australiens sydvestligste punkt, og derefter sejle langs sydkysten til Van Diemen's Land (Tasmanien) og undersøge hver eneste mulig naturhavn. Derefter skulle de sejle til Venskabsøerne (Tonga) via nordspidsen af New Zealand, så gartneren Félix Delahaye kunne samle levende brødfrugt-træer til plantning i Fransk Vestindien. D'Entrecasteaux skulle derefter følge Pérouses planlagte rute i Stillehavet. Man mente, at La Pérouse ville udforske Ny Kaledonien og Louisiade Arkipelaget, derefter sejle gennem Torres Strait og udforske Gulf of Carpentaria og nordkysten af New Holland.

Da Bruni d'Entrecasteaux nåede Table Bay, Cape Town 17. januar 1792, hørte han, at kaptajn John Hunter (senere guvernør i New South Wales) kort forinden – ud for Admiralty Islands – havde set indfødte i kanoer iført franske uniformer og bælter. Selvom Hunter benægtede, og franskmændene hørte dette, valgte Bruni d'Entrecasteaux alligevel at sejle mere direkte til Admiralty Islands, som i dag er en del af Papua New Guinea. Han sejlede syd om Australien, men fik først landkending ved det sydlige Tasmanien 20. april 1792, og tre dage senere ankrede han op i en bugt, som han gav navnet Baie de la Recherche. I de næste fem uger, indtil 28. maj 1792, udforskede franskmænden omhyggeligt områdets floder i en robåd. Kun få europæere havde sejlet omkring Tasmanien, og man vidste ikke, det var en ø adskilt fra det australske fastland.

Bruni d'Entrecasteaux var heldig at have gode officerer og videnskabsmænd med. Den vigtigste fra et udforskningssynspunkt var den hydrografiske ingeniør og korttegner C.F Beautemps-Beaupré, som i dag regnes for moderne fransk hydrografis fader. Hans arbejde i felten var fremragende, og hans kort, der blev trykt i Frankrig som Atlas du Voyage de Bruny-Dentrecasteaux (1807), er meget detaljerede. Atlasset indeholder 39 kort, hvoraf dem fra Van Diemen's Land er de mest detaljerede. De var i mange år forlægget for de engelske kort over området.

Da Beautemps-Beaupré kortlagde kysten med løjtnant Crétin, opdagede han at Adventure Bay, som blev opdaget af Tobias Furneaux i 1773, var en ø, som var adskilt fra hovedlandet af et smalt men sejlbart stræde. Mellem 16. og 28. maj sejlede alle d'Entrecasteaux' skibe igennem strædet. Port Esperance, Huon River og andre kendemærker blev opdaget, navngivet og kortlagt. Det smalle stræde fik navnet D'Entrecasteaux Channel og øen, der var afskåret fra hovedlandet, Bruny Island.

Herfra sejlede d'Entrecasteux videre ind i Stillehavet. 17. juni nåede de Isle of Pines syd for Ny Kaledonien og sejlede derfra videre nordpå langs vestkysten af Ny Kaledonien. (Bruni d'Entrecasteaux' Rev i den nordvestlige ende New Caledonia Barrier Reef er opkaldt efter ham.) Her passerede skibene Salomonøerne langs de sydlige eller vestlige kyster, sejlede gennem Saint George's Channel mellem New Ireland og New Britain, for endelig 28. juli at få landkending med sydøstkysten af Admiralty Islands. Efter i tre dage at have gennemsøgt den østlige og nordlige kystlinje på hovedøen, besluttede han, at de rygter, han havde hørt i Table Bay, måtte være falske, og han sejlede derfor til Ambon i nutidens Indonesien, hvor han provianterede.

14. oktober sejlede Bruni d'Entrecasteaux endnu engang mod Cape Leeuwin, Australiens sydvestligste punkt, for at følge sin oprindelige ordre, om at søge efter La Pérouse på Australiens sydkyst. 6. december fik han landkending nær Cape Leeuwin og kaldte stedet D'Entrecasteaux Point. Det blev fejret med festligheder med det resultat, at en smed ombord på Recherche, Jean-Marie Marhadour spiste og drak for meget og døde næste dag af et apoplektisk anfald. Vejret var dårligt, og skibene kunne ikke finde King George III Sound, som oprindeligt blev opdaget af Vancouver. Da de sejlede længere mod øst, kom de igennem en lang række øer og farlige sandbanker, som de gav navnet D'Entrecasteaux Islands, der senere blev ændret til Recherche Archipelago.

Da skibene stadig var i det farlige område, ramte en voldsom storm dem 12. december, og begge skibe var tæt på at blive slået til vrag. Heldigvis fandt de en god ankerplads, og de red stormen af. De gik i land på fastlandet og opkaldte stedet efter Legrand, som havde opdaget ankerpladsen, og det skib han var på, Espérance. Byen Esperance blev senere anlagt her. Beautemps-Beaupré lavede en hurtig opmåling af øerne i arkipelaget. Man fandt ikke ferskvand, og 18. december fortsatte skibene mod øst og ind i Great Australian Bight. Her var kysten endnu mere gold, og manglen på vand var efterhånden alvorlig.

4. januar 1793 var Bruni d'Entrecasteaux tvunget til, fra en position nær Bruni d'Entrecasteaux Reef, at sejle direkte til Van Diemens Land. Hvis ikke, havde han gjort alle de opdagelser, som Bass og Flinders gjorde nogle få år senere. og et fransk "Terre Napoléon" kunne være blevet en realitet.

Skibene ankrede op i Recherche Bay 22. januar, og ekspeditionen opholdt sig 5 uger i området, hvor de forsynede sig med vand og rekreerede besætningerne. Der var også tid til naturhistoriske og geografiske opdagelser. Beautemps-Beaupré kortlagde sammen med andre officerer de nordlige dele af Storm Bay. En del af bugten viste sig at være udmundingen af en flod, der fik navnet Rivière du Nord, men som få måneder senere blev omdøbt til Derwent River af den næste besøgende i området, kaptajn John Hayes med skibene Duke of Clarence og Duchess.

28. februar sejlede d'Entrecasteaux fra Tasmanien mod Venskabsøerne (Tonga) og fik undervejs landkending med New Zealand og Kermadec Islands. På Venskabsøerne konstaterede han, at de indfødte huskede Cook og Bligh, men ikke kendte noget til La Pérouse. Han sejlede derefter tilbage til Ny Kaledonien og ankrede op ved Balade. Den forgæves søgen efter La Pérouse fortsatte med Santa Cruz, derefter sydkysterne af Salomonøerne, de nordlige dele af Louisiade Archipelaget, Dampier Strait, nordkysten af New Britain og sydkysten af Admiralty Islands, nordkysten af New Guinea og derefter til Molukkerne.

På dette tidspunkt var ekspeditionen i en næsten desperat tilstand, til dels fordi officererne var hårdnakkede royalister og besætningerne lige så hårdnakkede revoultionære. Kermadec var død af tuberkulose ved Balade, og 21. juli 1793 døde d'Entrecasteaux selv af skørbug ud for Hermit Islands.

Herefter overtog Auribeau kommandoen over ekspeditionen, og Rossel erstattede Kermadec. Auribeau sejlede skibene til Surabaya. Her hørte de, at en republik var proklameret i Franfrig. 18 februar 1794 overgav Auribeau skibene til de nederlandske myndigheder, så de ikke skulle falde i hænderne på den nye revolutionære franske regering. Auribeau døde en måned senere og Rossel sejlede fra Java i januar 1795 ombord på et nederlandsk skib og kom til Table Bay i april 1795. Her sejlede hans skib uventet uden ham og med ekspeditionens papirer. Skibet blev opbragt af briterne. Rossel sejlede derefter med et krigsskib, men dette blev også opbragt af briterne. Rossel valgte at blive i England og samarbejdede med briterne om ekspeditionens opdagelser. Efter Freden i Amiens i 1802, blev ekspeditionens papirer returneret til Rossel, som dermed var i stand til at udgive en fortælling om hele rejsen.

Australske stednavne opkaldt efter d'Entrecasteaux
Følgende steder er direkte opkaldt efter d'Entrecasteaux:

 Western Australia
 Point D'Entrecasteaux
 D'Entrecasteaux National Park
 South Australia
 D'Entrecasteaux Reef
 Tasmania
 Bruny Island
 D'Entrecasteaux Channel
 D'Entrecasteaux Monument Historic Site
 D'Entrecasteaux River
 D'Entrecasteaux Watering Place Historic Site

Litteratur
 Duyker, Edward and Maryse (editors and translators) (2001) Bruny d'Entrecasteaux: Voyage to Australia and the Pacific 1791—1793, Miegunyah/Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2001, pp. xliii, pp. 392, , ,
 Edward Duyker (2003) Citizen Labillardière: A Naturalist's Life in Revolution and Exploration (1755—1834), Miegunyah/Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2003, , Paperback reprint, 2004, , pp. 383 [Winner, New South Wales Premier's General History Prize, 2004].
 Horner, F. B. (1995) Looking for La Perouse : D'Entrecasteaux in Australia and the South Pacific, 1792–1793 Carlton South, Vic. : Miegunyah Press.
 McLaren, Ian F. (1993) La Perouse in the Pacific, including searches by d'Entrecasteaux, Dillon, Dumont d'Urville : an annotated bibliography  (with an introduction by John Dunmore). Parkville [Vic.] : University of Melbourne Library.
 Van Duuren, David and Tristan Mostert (2007), Curiosities from the Pacific Ocean. A remarkable Rediscovery in the Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam: Thirteen Ethnographic Objects from the Bruny d'Entrecasteaux Expedition (1791–1794). Amsterdam: Tropenmuseum / Leiden: C. Zwartenkot.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Voyage to Australia and the Pacific

Opdagelsesrejsende fra Frankrig
Personer i oplysningstiden
Europæisk opdagelse af Australien
Franskmænd i 1700-tallet

Bruni d'Entrecasteaux


Chastleton House ( /s tʃ æ əl t ən / ) est une  maison de campagne jacobéenne à Chastleton, Oxfordshire, en Angleterre, près de Moreton-in-Marsh. Elle appartient au National Trust depuis 1991 et est un bâtiment classé Grade I.

Histoire

Chastleton House est construit entre 1607 et 1612, peut-être par Robert Smythson pour Walter Jones, qui a fait fortune dans le droit  bien que sa famille soit à l'origine des marchands de laine gallois. Le domaine est acheté en 1604 à Robert Catesby, bien que sa résidence ait été démolie pour faire place à la nouvelle maison et qu'il ne reste aucune trace de la construction d'origine à cet endroit. La maison est construite en pierre de Cotswold, autour d'une petite cour, appelée la cour Dairy.

Chastleton House est célèbre pour un épisode de la guerre civile anglaise dans lequel une épouse fidèle a dupé (et drogué) des Têtes-Rondes pour sauver son mari. Mary Whitmore Jones hérite de Chastleton en 1874 à l'âge de 51 ans à la mort de son frère, Willie. Elle est ainsi la première femme héritière du domaine. Mary est une écrivaine prolifique et aussi la conceptrice, entre 1875 et 1898, du Chastleton Patience Board, par la suite fabriqué par J. Jaques &  Son. Après quelques années, elle confie la gestion du domaine à son neveu, Thomas Whitmore Harris. La maison est ensuite louée et Mary emménage dans le presbytère de Chastleton en tant que locataire. Elle meurt en 1915. Le critique d'art Alan Clutton-Brock et son épouse Barbara (née Foy) sont les derniers propriétaires du manoir (il est passé de la famille Jones aux Clutton-Brock, parents par alliance).

Description

Chastleton House se distingue des autres maisons de ce type à plusieurs égards. Elle n'a jamais eu de parc à l'approche longue et paysagère comme beaucoup d'autres maisons de son époque. Il a plutôt été construit dans un village existant, le village de Chastleton, qui fournit de nombreux services pour la maison qui auraient autrement été attenants, tels qu'une buanderie, un étang à poissons et un fournil.

Deuxièmement, jusqu'à son acquisition par le Trust en 1991, il appartient à la même famille pendant près de 400 ans. Son traitement par le Trust est tout aussi inhabituel, avec une politique de conservation (souvent appelée « pourriture contrôlée ») plutôt que de restauration, permettant aux visiteurs de voir la maison en grande partie telle qu'elle était lors de son acquisition . Grâce à l'approche du Trust, un grand nombre de pièces de la maison sont ouvertes au public.

A noter en particulier la longue galerie, avec son plafond voûté en berceau, d'une longueur de . Il s'agit d'une caractéristique impressionnante de l'époque, bien que la galerie de Montacute House dans le Somerset soit d'un âge similaire et à , est la plus longue d'Angleterre. Comme une grande partie de la maison, le plafond de la Long Gallery a subi des dommages. La négligence du toit pendant près de deux siècles a entraîné la défaillance d'une partie du plafond en plâtre au début des années 1800, mais il n'a été réparé qu'en 1904-1905, lorsque deux artisans locaux sont engagés pour réparer les pertes .

L'impressionnante Grande Chambre est également intéressante. Conçu pour le divertissement des invités les plus importants et pour le jeu de la musique, le schéma de conception a ses racines dans l'Italie de la Renaissance. La disposition des boiseries s'inspire un peu du classique, tout comme les cocardes peintes autour de la frise, représentant les douze prophètes de l'Ancien Testament et les douze sibylles ou prophétesses de l'Antiquité. Dans la Grande Chambre se trouvent également un ensemble de verres jacobites Fiat gravés des emblèmes jacobites de roses, de feuilles de chêne et d'une rose des vents, qui trahissent les sympathies de la famille au . Ceux-ci appartenaient probablement à Henry Jones IV, qui est le président du Gloucestershire Cycle Club, l'un des plus anciens clubs jacobites établis .

Parmi les autres éléments d'intérêt de la maison, citons la Bible de Juxon, qui aurait été utilisée par l'aumônier, l'évêque Juxon, lors de l'exécution de Charles . La famille de Juxon vivait localement à Long Compton jusqu'à ce que sa famille s'éteigne au , date à laquelle on pense qu'elle a été donnée à John Jones II parce que le clan Jones est une autre famille avec des sympathies jacobites .

En 1919, un certain nombre de tapisseries importantes sont découvertes dans la maison et sont interprétées comme des preuves de la création d'une entreprise de tissage de tapisserie au manoir de William Sheldon (mort en 1570) à Barcheston, près de Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire . L'une de ces tapisseries est actuellement exposée dans la chambre du milieu et une autre fait partie de la collection permanente du Victoria and Albert Museum de Londres.

Jardin de Chastleton

Le jardin classé Grade II à Chastleton a subi un certain nombre de révisions depuis l'achèvement de la maison en 1612. Il n'existe aucun témoignage archéologique d'un jardin sur ce site avant cette date : en effet, le Jardin Nord est séparé par une ancienne limite de champ.

Il n'y a pas de carte ou de preuves écrites pour suggérer comment le jardin a été aménagé par Walter Jones en 1612, mais les murs qui entourent le jardin sont du , et des preuves archéologiques qui suggèrent que le jardin a été aménagé de la même manière dans le 400 dernières années. Il est aménagé selon la recommandation proposée par Gervase Markham dans son livre The English Husbandman (1613) - un parvis à l'avant de la maison, avec la cour de base (ou basse) d'un côté, qui comprend les écuries et d'autres bâtiments agricoles. Les deux autres côtés de la maison devraient être composés de jardins, divisés en un verger, un potager et un meilleur (ou d'agrément) jardin, planté de plantes plus ornementales .

À l'époque, le parvis de Chastleton décrivait la zone d'entrée sous la cour de la maison (la zone directement devant la maison). La cour de la maison était surélevée légèrement au-dessus du parvis par un petit mur de soutènement, probablement surmonté d'une balustrade. Il y avait probablement peu de plantes à l'avant de la maison au début du , la cour de la maison étant peut-être pavée ou comportant deux plaques de gazon de chaque côté de l'allée centrale comme l'avant-cour.

À l'est se trouvait le Pleasaunce ou jardin d'agrément. C'est le meilleur jardin, qui est nivelé, mais avec une terrasse panoramique d'un côté qui donne également l'entrée à l'église à l'extrémité opposée. La conception de ce jardin n'est pas connue, mais il était presque certainement entouré de hauts murs avec des arbres fruitiers dressés contre lui. Le meilleur jardin est aménagé selon le modèle circulaire que nous voyons aujourd'hui par Dorothy Whitmore Jones en 1833, bien qu'il soit suggéré qu'il y avait déjà des buis là-bas. Des lits ont été ajoutés à l'intérieur de la haie circulaire dans les années 1890 ou 1900, puis engazonnés à nouveau en 1972. Pendant les périodes où l'argent rentrait dans la famille, la plantation dans ce jardin était toujours renouvelée.

Lieu de naissance du croquet
Au nord se trouvent des terrasses, nivelées à partir du terrain en pente. Il y a des preuves d'une terrasse de culture médiévale et les restes de l'ancien mur d'enceinte du jardin. Il y avait un terrain de boules sur la terrasse du milieu et la troisième terrasse peut également avoir été le site du potager d'origine .

Aujourd'hui, les terrasses du milieu sont le site de deux pelouses de croquet, à l'origine aménagées par Walter Whitmore-Jones dans les années 1860. Sa version des règles du croquet publiée dans The Field en 1865 est devenue définitive, et Chastleton est considéré comme le berceau du croquet en tant que sport de compétition. L'équipement est fourni par le National Trust et en été, les visiteurs peuvent jouer au croquet s'ils le souhaitent.

Le potager tel qu'il est aujourd'hui est clôturé en 1847 et formé du jardin existant et d'une partie du terrain attenant. Il est aménagé en quatre parcelles d'un côté d'un large chemin et deux de l'autre côté, et le potager d'aujourd'hui a été récemment rajeuni pour former également ce modèle.

Lieu de tournage
Chastleton House a été utilisé comme l'un des lieux de tournage de la série télévisée Wolf Hall 2015 de la BBC Two et représentait « Wolf Hall », la maison des Seymour .

Références

Liens externes

Propriété du National Trust dans l'Oxfordshire
Monument classé de Grade I dans l'Oxfordshire

Chastleton House


Kensett Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Kensett Township (Arkansas)
 Kensett Township (Iowa)

Kensett Township


Ry is an abbreviation for railway and relay.

Ry, RY, or ry may also refer to:

People

First name
 Ry Bradley (born 1980), American singer and musician
 Ry Cooder (born 1947), American musician
 Ry Nikonova (1942–2014), Russian artist
 Ry Rocklen (born 1978), American artist
 Ry Russo-Young (born 1981), American filmmaker
 RY X (born 1988), Australian musician
 Ryland Rose, Australian rapper formerly known as Ry

Surname
 Paul du Ry (1640–1714), French architect
 Simon Louis du Ry (1726–1799), French architect and grandson of Paul du Ry
 Na Ry (born 1985), South Korean beauty queen
 Trần Thị Hoa Ry (born 1976), Vietnamese politician

Places

Denmark
 Ry, Denmark, town in Jutland
 Ry train station
 Ry Municipality, former municipality in Jutland

France
 Auzouville-sur-Ry, commune in Normandy
 Grainville-sur-Ry, commune in Normandy
 Ry, Seine-Maritime, administrative division in Normandy

Science and technology
 Rydberg constant, unit of energy used in quantum physics related to the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom
 Consolidated RY, former cargo aircraft of the U.S. Navy
 RY Sagittarii, star in the constellation Sagittarius
 RY Tauri, star in the constellation Taurus
 RY (test signal), character string used to test five-level teleprinter channels

Business and finance

 Rekisteröity yhdistys ('ry' or 'ry.'), a Finnish non-profit organization ()
 Royal Bank of Canada (stock symbol RY on tsx2 and nyse2)

Other
 Operation RY, Japanese plan to invade South Pacific islands during World War II
 "Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!", national anthem of Madagascar

See also
 RI (disambiguation)

RY


تقدر الاحصائيات أن عدد المسلمين في الإكوادور بحوالي 2000 مسلم. كانت أولى هجراتهم إلى الإكوادور من العرب الذين هاجروا من لبنان وفلسطين وسوريا ومصر بعد الحربين العالميتين وانهيار الدولة العثمانية. ويتركزون في كيتو وغواياكيل وتجمعات بسيطة في مانابي ولوس ريوس وإزميرالدس. أسس العرب المسيحيين والمسلمين منظمة عرقية لا دينية اسمها Lecla في الأربعينيات والنادي العربي في الثمانينيات. وفي منتصف التسعينيات، بدأ تحول المواطنين الإكوادوريين للإسلام، واستأجروا مع العرب مكانًا لإقامة صلوات الجمعة. ثم وفرت السفارة المصرية موقع للغرض نفسه. كما أسست الحكومة المركز الإسلامي الإكوادوري في 15 أكتوبر 1994. كما تأسس مسجد خالد بن الوليد عام 1991. أغلب المسلمين هناك من أهل السنة والجماعة.

مراجع

الإسلام حسب البلد
الإسلام في أمريكا الجنوبية
الإسلام في الإكوادور
الدين في الإكوادور

الإسلام في الإكوادور


Pornotopia é uma ideia na teoria crítica que descreve um espaço imaginado determinado por fantasias e dominado pelo comportamento sexual humano, expresso e englobando pornografia e erotismo. A palavra foi cunhada pelo crítico literário americano Steven Marcus em seu livro de 1966, The Other Victorians, inspirando-se na literatura inglesa do século XIX sobre sexualidade por moralistas, médicos e autores eróticos.

O sociólogo americano Daniel Bell expôs a ideia, vendo a promoção e imposição do prazer no capitalismo tardio como o terreno para a pornotopia da sociedade, paradoxalmente indo contra as virtudes burguesas de sobriedade, castidade e pureza com as quais o sistema do capitalismo foi historicamente construído.

Estrutura
Uma pornotopia é caracterizada por sua liberdade das restrições sociais normais de lugar e tempo arraigadas pelo Real, em vez disso, orientando-se em torno de leis inconscientes de prazer. Steven Marcus resumiu esse aspecto com o princípio de que "é sempre verão na pornotopia". As barreiras ao prazer e à sexualidade posteriormente liberada são totalmente eliminadas ou dissolvidas por meio de um excesso de atividade sexual, provocando o jouissance.

Nas pornotopias, os fluxos narrativos são suspensos em uma linha tênue; exemplos incluem romances picarescos que permitem múltiplos encontros e romances sadianos com multiplicações de todas as combinações possíveis de pessoas e seus orifícios. Marcus argumentou que, devido à liberdade oferecida pelo prazer da pornografia que paradoxalmente aprisiona os sujeitos em seu prazer, além do orgasmo, "é um fim, uma conclusão de qualquer tipo, que a pornografia mais resiste". Por exemplo, Susan Sontag destacou o romance de 1956 de Catherine Robbe-Grillet, L'Image, como transcendendo seu gênero porque sua conclusão ilumina retrospectivamente os eventos sadomasoquistas do romance e os deixa em um suspense que sugere continuação ilimitada, que é um componente chave de uma pornotopia.

Caracterização
Em uma pornotopia, os personagens são tipicamente hipersexuais, sempre prontos para o sexo com uma capacidade quase onipotente de libido, renovação e mais atividade, evocando liberdade da realidade externa e atemporalidade. Nesse sentido, muitas vezes podem ser invulneráveis; por exemplo, no romance de Anne Desclos, Histoire d'O, de 1954, a metáfora central do romance demonstra que, assim como as correntes nunca enferrujam em seu castelo de conto de fadas, os habitantes nunca são danificados por suas provações e nunca perdem nada de seu fascínio. Essa capacidade do romance, e das pornotopias em geral, de permitir que o prazer do Imaginário ultrapasse o princípio de realidade foi observada por Jacques Lacan, ao dizer que "o que quer que aconteça ao sujeito é incapaz de estragar a imagem em questão, incapaz mesmo de desgastando-o".

Criticismo
Após a publicação de The Other Victorians, o historiador Brian Harrison criticou o conceito de pornotopia de Steven Marcus pelo que ele viu como um uso tendencioso de fontes literárias. Da análise de Harrison, Marcus se baseou exclusivamente em um pequeno número de textos vitorianos orientados para a sexualidade, a partir dos quais desenvolveu uma longa conclusão conceitual sobre as intenções e motivações da pornografia em geral. Em 2017, o crítico literário Thomas Joudrey, baseando-se no mesmo arquivo que Marcus examinou no Instituto Kinsey, também desafiou o conceito de pornotopia ao chamar a atenção para a presença igualmente difundida de falha corporal, decadência, sofrimento e morte em romances pornográficos vitorianos, aparecendo como impotência, castração, prepúcios rasgados, vaginas frouxas, incontinência e surtos sifilíticos, embora isso também possa ser considerado um prazer transgressivo. Joudrey desafiou ainda mais o conceito de pornotopia chamando a atenção para extensos comentários políticos em revistas pornográficas como The Pearl, incluindo referências aos Projetos de Lei de Reforma e Leis de Doenças Contagiosas, além de muitas figuras públicas controversas, incluindo Annie Besant, Charles Spurgeon, Wilfrid Lawson, Newman Hall, Edmund Burke, William Gladstone e Robert Peel, onde tal espaço de sexualidade liberada e ilimitada é implausível contra as demandas sociais da atividade não sexual.

Ver também

 Agenciamento
 Cornucópia
 Escapismo
 Fantasia sexual
 Gozo
 O Simbólico
 Pastoral
 Raunch culture
 Saturnália
 Sentimentalismo
 Sexualidade
 Utopia

Leitura adicional

Ligações externas
 The Victorian Pornotopia

Erotismo
Pornografia
Contracultura
Teoria crítica
Conceitos literários
Filosofia da sexualidade

Pornotopia


Birdsville is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Diamantina, Queensland, Australia. It is situated  north of the border of South Australia and Queensland. In the , the locality of Birdsville had a population of 110 people. It is a popular tourist destination with many people using it as a starting point across the Simpson Desert.

Betoota is a ghost town within the east of the locality ().

Geography

Birdsville is  west of the state capital, Brisbane,  from Charleville and  south of the city of Mount Isa. Birdsville is on the edge of the Simpson Desert, approximately 174 km east of Poeppel Corner.

Birdsville is located about  north-east of the Diamantina River in the Channel Country in the Lake Eyre drainage basin. Thundahpurty Waterhole is on the river in the east of the locality ().

The Birdsville Track extends  from Marree in South Australia before ending at Birdsville; the road continues north as the Eyre Developmental Road to Bedourie. The Birdsville Developmental Road travels east from the town towards Windorah. A popular route across the Simpson Desert goes from Birdsville to Mt Dare via the French Line. The Line is an unsealed track built in the early 1960s by French Petroleum for oil exploration purposes.

Birdsville Airport is immediately north-west of the town (). It is operated by the Diamantina Shire Council.

Almost all the buildings in the town are of local sandstone, there being no local timber available. Distance and the lack of good access roads or a railway create prohibitively high transportation costs, so imported building materials are kept to a minimum.

Birdsville has the following mountains:

 Carloowattie Hill ()
 Grahams Bluff ()
 Louies Hill ()
 Mount Hal ()
 Mount Leonard ()
 Mount Lewis ()
 Mount Oakes ()
 One Tree Hill ()
 Pig Hill ()
 Square Hill ()
 Squaretop Hill ()

History
Birdsville is located on land traditionally occupied by the Wongkanguru people, in the Channel Country of Central West Queensland, Australia.

Long before Birdsville was established by British colonists, the region in which it is situated was occupied by indigenous Australians, speakers of the Wangkangurru language (also known as Arabana/Wangkangurru, Wangganguru, Wanggangurru or Wongkangurru), whose extent ranged from Birdsville south towards Innamincka and Lake Eyre, including the modern local government areas of the Shire of Diamantina as well as the Outback Communities Authority of South Australia.

Although British explorers had passed through the Diamantina district in the 1840s and early 1860s, pastoralists did not occupy this semi-arid region until the mid-1870s. Brothers Hector and Norman Wilson formed "The Bluff" property around the present site of Birdsville in 1875 as an outpost of their massive Coongy station across the border in South Australia. The Bluff property was also known as Salmonville. Nearby pastoral stations of Annandale, Pandie Pandie, Glengyle and Roseberth were taken up in 1876; and Carcoory in 1877.

Conflict in the region during this time included several large massacres of the resident Aboriginal people being perpetrated. For instance in 1879, Sub-Inspectors Henry Kaye and Henry Gough of the Native Police, together with troopers and stockmen from The Bluff and other properties, conducted a sweeping patrol for the perpetrators of the murder of a stockman. They came across two camps of Aboriginal people and dispersed them. A pastoralist on the nearby Warburton Creek reported to the Police Commissioner in Adelaide that 67 people were killed in these raids and that survivors from the violence had fled to his property.

There are a number of different theories as to the origin of the name Birdsville. One is that the name was suggested by Robert Frew, owner of Pandie Pandie Station, who also had a store and shop at the Diamantina Crossing, in reference to the prolific bird life in the district. The other is that a store was established by Percy Bird and George Field and they called it Birdfield. However, in 1882, G. and R. Wills, of Adelaide, misaddressed a consignment of goods as going to Birdsville and that name stuck. Another is that a man named Burt established a store and called it Burtsville which corrupted to Birdsville. Whatever its origin, by 1882, the name Birdsville was in common use. The name was adopted in the 1885 survey and was formalised at the proclamation of town in 1887.

In 1881, Hector and Norman Wilson, sold The Bluff (Salmonville) property for £19,000. Outside of their pastoral business, the brothers resided in Melbourne where they were the driving force behind the establishment of the Melbourne Racing Club, the Coongy Cup and the Caulfield Cup.

In the early 1880s the towns of Birdsville and Bedourie were established to service the newly taken up pastoral holdings of the Diamantina. Reputedly, a merchant named Matthew Flynn, who carried stores for the stations, built a rough depot in the late 1870s at the site of the present town of Birdsville, then known as the Diamantina Crossing,  on the stock route from Boulia south to Adelaide. By mid-1885, when the township of Birdsville was officially surveyed, a number of buildings had been erected at the Diamantina Crossing, including a police lock-up (1883), Groth's Royal Hotel (), William Blair's Birdsville Hotel (), Curtain's Tattersalls Hotel, and at least 3 stores and 1 shop.

When it was proclaimed, the town had three hotels, two stores, a customs house for interstate trade, a police station and a large collection of commercial buildings.

Diamantina Shire was established in 1883, and its headquarters were at Birdsville until moved to Bedourie in 1953.  Birdsville Post Office opened on 1 January 1883.

Birdsville, over 1,500 km west of Brisbane and 10 km north of the Queensland-South Australian border, developed as an administrative centre for police and border customs. Birdsville is located at the border of South Australia and Queensland to collect tolls from the droves of cattle being moved interstate. Nearly all the trade of the town was with Adelaide, and it became an important marshalling point for cattle being driven south to markets in South Australia. By 1889 the population of Birdsville was 110, and the town had 2 general stores, 3 hotels, a police station, school, 2 blacksmith shops, 2 bakers, a cordial manufacturer, bootmaker, saddler, auctioneer & commission agent, and a number of residences. The population peaked in 1895 at 220.

Birdsville State School opened on 14 August 1899. The school closed in 1948 and has subsequently reopened.

Circa 1900, Birdsville had a population of over 300. It had three hotels, a cordial factory, blacksmith store, market gardens, police and customs facilities but after Federation in 1901, the tolls were abolished and the town fell into decline to about 50 people throughout the 1950s. Livestock trade kept the region alive and since then tourism has joined cattle as the major industry in the area.

Tom Kruse operated the Birdsville Track mail run from 1936 to 1957, driving his Leyland Badger truck. He delivered mail and other supplies including general stores, fuel and medicine to remote stations from Marree in north-west South Australia to Birdsville, some  away. Each trip would take two weeks and Kruse regularly had to manage break-downs, flooding creeks and rivers, and getting bogged in desert dunes.

In 2007, there was just one hotel serving canned or bottled beer, a library, a visitor information centre, a museum and a hospital.

In the ,the locality of Birdsville had a population of 140 people.  86.1% of people were born in Australia and 94.2% of people only spoke English at home.

In the , the locality of Birdsville had a population of 110 people.

Heritage listings
Birdsville has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 former Australian Inland Mission Hospital, Adelaide Street ()
 Birdsville Courthouse, Adelaide Street ( )
 former Royal Hotel, Adelaide Street ()
 Birdsville Hotel, Burt Street ()
 Carcory Homestead Ruin, Eyre Developmental Road ()
 Burke and Wills "Plant Camp", in the north of the locality ()
 Kidman's Tree of Knowledge, Glengyle Station, Bedourie

Education
Birdsville State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at Adelaide Street (). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 7 students with 2 teachers and 1 non-teaching staff.

There is no secondary school in Birdsville or nearby. Distance education and boarding school are options.

Facilities

Birdsville has an 80 kW geothermal power station, the only one of its type in Australia. Water is extracted from bore drilled in 1961 on the Great Artesian Basin at  and is used to heat the operating fluid isopentane in a Rankine Cycle engine. The geothermal plant produces around one third of the town's electricity. The water (once cooled) is also the source of the town's drinking water. A plan by Ergon Energy to expand the 80 kW power plant to completely meet Birdsville's electricity requirements was shelved, in favour of increasing the use of solar power and battery storage.

Birdsville Primary Health Care Centre is at 31 Adelaide Street (). It provides emergency and primary care by nursing staff with doctors' appointments provided by the Royal Flying Doctor Service. It also provides ambulance services.

Birdsville has the following emergency services:

 Birdsville Police Station, Mcdonald Street ()

 Birdsville SES Facility, Graham Street ()

Birdsville Cemetery is on Cemetery Road west of the town (). It is operated by the Diamantina Shire Council.

Amenities
Birdsville Library is at 29 Burt Street and is operated by the Diamantina Shire Council.

The town is situated near a billabong. A pontoon  was built at Burt Street on the north bank of the billabong () to facilitate swimming and non-powered boating activities. It is managed by the Diamantina Shire Council. In 2012, the billabong became home to a stray freshwater crocodile, which was subsequently removed and relocated by park ranger Don Rowlands.

Events
The annual Birdsville Races are held in September in aid of the Royal Flying Doctor Service. The town's tiny population is augmented by between 7000 and 9000 people for the two-day event, and hundreds of aircraft fill the town's  airstrip. In 2010, the races were cancelled for the first time in the event's history due to rain.

The Big Red Bash is an annual three-day music festival held in July at a site  west of the town of Birdsville. Attendees camp at the site.

The Simpson Desert Bike Challenge also traditionally finishes in Birdsville in October every year.

The Big Red Run is held at Birdsville during the winter tourist season. It was last held in 2018.

Climate
Birdsville has a hot desert climate (BWh in the Köppen climate classification) with an average of only 22 days of rain a year. Summers are extremely hot and dry, with winters being mild to warm. The median annual rainfall at Birdsville is  The actual amount of rain which falls is highly variable, for example, in 1914 just  was recorded while  fell in 1917. Dust storms are most likely during periods of strong wind which typically occur in spring. Birdsville has recorded the highest confirmed temperature in the state of Queensland, with  having been recorded on 24 December 1972.

Birdsville disease
Birdsville disease is an illness observed in horses, caused by eating the native plant Birdsville indigo (Indigofera linnaei) which contains natural toxins including the neurotoxin 3 nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). The affected horses exhibit weakness and lack of coordination; it can be fatal. It does not appear to affect cattle. Although it is not unique to Birdsville, the condition was first observed in the Birdsville district in May 1886. While there were many theories about the cause of the disease including plants, worms and sunstroke, it was not until 1950 that researchers identified the precise cause. Mildly affected horses can recover with a regimen of drenching with gelatine and feeding a diet high in arginine but euthanasia is recommended for severely affected horses. As there is no cure, preventing horses from grazing on indigo is recommended.

In popular culture
 Elizabeth Haran's 2004 novel Stars in the Southern Sky is set in the town (though it is renamed to Kangaroo Crossing).
 The 2014 British comedy film The Inbetweeners 2 had scenes set in the town.
 The 1983 novel The Film-Makers by Kenneth and Kerry Cook is partially set in Birdsville.
Slim Dusty sang a song about the Birdsville Pub (hotel) called "Where Country Is".
The 1954 film The Back of Beyond was about the mail run to Birdsville.
Oliver Herbrich's 1982 documentary film Dead Heart is about Birdsville and the centenary horse race.

See also
 List of extreme temperatures in Australia

References

External links

Birdsville Internet Exchange

Towns in Queensland
1887 establishments in Australia
Populated places established in 1887
Shire of Diamantina
Birdsville, Queensland
Localities in Queensland

Birdsville


Yerleşim yerleri
 Burhaniye - Balıkesir ili ilçesi
 Burhaniye, Afyonkarahisar - Afyonkarahisar ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Burhaniye, Kestel - Bursa ili Kestel ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Burhaniye, Giresun - Giresun ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Burhaniye, Üsküdar - İstanbul ili Üsküdar ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Burhaniye, Bünyan - Kayseri ili Bünyan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Burhaniye, Yahyalı - Kayseri ili Yahyalı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Burhaniye, Geyve - Sakarya ili Geyve ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Burhaniye, Vezirköprü - Samsun ili Vezirköprü ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Burhaniye, Zara - Sivas ili Zara ilçesine bağlı köy
 Burhaniye, Banaz - Uşak ili Banaz ilçesine bağlı köy
 Burhaniye, Çiftlikköy - Yalova ili Çiftlikköy ilçesine bağlı köy

Burhaniye (anlam ayrımı)


An Scleria spicata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Spreng., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni James Francis Macbride. An Scleria spicata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scleria, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scleria

Scleria spicata


Igara Paraná je rijeka u Kolumbiji, lijeva pritoka rijeke Putumayo. Pripada porječju rijeke Amazone.

Izvori

Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

Rijeke u Kolumbiji
Pritoke Putumaya

Igara Paraná


Marchal puede referirse a:

 Marchal, abreviatura científica del botánico Élie Marchal (1839-1923).

Lugares
En España
 Marchal, municipio de la provincia de Granada.
 Marchal, localidad del municipio de Cantoria, en la provincia de Almería.
 El Marchal, localidad del municipio de Lubrín, en la provincia de Almería.
 El Marchal, localidad del municipio de Macael, en la provincia de Almería.
 El Marchal, localidad del municipio de Oria, en la provincia de Almería.
 El Marchal, localidad del municipio de Uleila del Campo, en la provincia de Almería.
 El Marchal de Antón López o el Marchal de Enix, localidad del municipio de Enix, en la provincia de Almería.
 El Marchalillo, localidad del municipio de Tabernas, en la provincia de Almería.

En Francia
 Champs-sur-Tarentaine-Marchal, comuna del departamento de Cantal.

Personalidades
 Élie Marchal (1839-1923), botánico franco-belga.
 Louis Marchal (1879-1954), arquitecto francés.
 Ismael Marchal Razquín, Irurzun, (1975), futbolista español.
 Mario Castellano Marchal (1980), escultor y pintor español.

Marchal (desambiguación)


An Marsippospermum grandiflorum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné d.y., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni William Jackson Hooker. An Marsippospermum grandiflorum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Marsippospermum, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Marsippospermum

Marsippospermum grandiflorum


بولشوي سيلو  هي مدينة في مقاطعة ياروسلافل أوبلاست في روسيا.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة ياروسلافل

بولشوي سيلو (جاروسلافل)


La Société nationale immobilière de Tunisie (SNIT), créée en 1957, est une entreprise publique tunisienne chargée des programmes de construction de nouvelles habitations.

Mission

Les missions de la SNIT sont :
 la régularisation du marché de l'immobilier tunisien ;
 la construction de logements (sociaux, économiques et autres) en vue de leur vente ou de leur location ;
 l'achat des terrains nécessaires pour réaliser sa mission.

Historique

Données
La SNIT avait construit  entre 1957 et 2011.

Filiales
Le , trois filiales sont créées sous la forme de sociétés anonymes ayant comme but principal la promotion immobilière :
 SNIT Nord ;
 SNIT Centre ;
 SNIT Sud, dont le champ d'action s'étend sur huit gouvernorats (Sfax, Gabès, Gafsa, Médenine, Sidi Bouzid, Tozeur, Tataouine et Kébili), et qui dispose d'un capital social de .

Direction

 depuis 2021 : Fahmi Kammoun

Références

Entreprise du secteur immobilier
Entreprise publique en Tunisie
Entreprise fondée en 1957


Roger Evans Howe (* 23. Mai 1945 in Chicago) ist ein US-amerikanischer Mathematiker. Er befasst sich mit Darstellungstheorie, Automorphen Formen, Harmonischer Analysis und Invariantentheorie.

Leben
Howe studierte an der Harvard University (Bachelor-Abschluss 1966) und wurde 1969 bei Calvin Moore an der Yale University promoviert (On representations of nilpotent groups). Ab 1969 war er Assistant Professor an der State University of New York at Stony Brook und ab 1975 war er Professor an der Yale University. 1971/72 war er am Institute for Advanced Study und 1973/74 Gastwissenschaftler in Bonn. Außerdem war er unter anderem Gastprofessor und Gastwissenschaftler an der Universität Tel Aviv, in Oxford, an der École Normale des Jeunes Filles in Paris, an der Hebrew University, an der University of California, San Diego, der Nationalen Universität von Singapur, in Japan, an der Rutgers University, der Universität Paris VII und in Hongkong.

1984 erhielt er den Lester Randolph Ford Award. Er ist Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences (1994) und der American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1993). 2006 erhielt er den Distinguished Public Service Award der AMS für sein Engagement in der Mathematikpädagogik. 1984/85 war er Guggenheim Fellow. Er ist Fellow der American Mathematical Society. 1964 gewann er als Student den William Lowell Putnam Wettbewerb.

Schriften
 mit William H. Barker: Continuous symmetry: from Euclid to Klein, AMS 2007
 mit Eng Chye Tan: Non-abelian harmonic analysis: applications of SL (2, R), Springer Verlag 1992
 Remarks on classical invariant theory, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Band 313, 1989, S. 539–570
 On the role of the Heisenberg group in harmonic analysis, Bulletin AMS, Band 3, 1980, S. 821–843, Online
 Affine-like Hecke algebras and p-adic representation theory, in: Baldoni, Barbasch, Iwahori-Hecke algebras and their representation theory, CIME Summer School 1999, Lecture notes in mathematics 1804, Springer 2002

Literatur
 Jian-Shu Li, Eng-Chye Tan, Nolan Wallach, Chen-Bo Zhu: Harmonic Analysis, Group Representations, Automorphic Forms and Invariant Theory. In Honor of Roger E. Howe, Lectures note Series, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore, World Scientific 2007

Weblinks
 Homepage in Yale

Einzelnachweise

Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Absolvent der Harvard University
Hochschullehrer (Yale University)
Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences
Fellow der American Mathematical Society
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1945
Mann

Roger Howe


Haplomitrium, rod jetrenjarki u porodici Haplomitriaceae. Postoji više vrsta koje rastu širom svijeta (Japan, SAD, Čile, Kina, Malaja, Novi Zeland, Škotska, Peru, Ekvador, Guadeloupe)

Vrste
 Haplomitrium andinum (Spruce) R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium blumei (Nees) R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium chilensis R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium cordae Nees
 Haplomitrium dentatum (D. Kumar & Udar) J.J. Engel
 Haplomitrium gibbsiae (Steph.) R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium giganteum (Steph.) Grolle
 Haplomitrium grollei D. Kumar & Udar
 Haplomitrium hookeri (Lyell ex Sm.) Nees
 Haplomitrium indicum (Udar & V. Chandra) R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium intermedium Berrie
 Haplomitrium kashyapii Udar & D. Kumar
 Haplomitrium minutum (E.O. Campb.) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium mnioides (Lindb.) R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium monoicum J.J. Engel
 Haplomitrium ovalifolium R.M. Schust.
 Haplomitrium rotundifolium (Mitt.) Steph.

Izvori

Haplomitriopsida

Haplomitrium


The Daybreak Star Indian Cultural Center is a Native American cultural center in Seattle, Washington, described by its parent organization United Indians of All Tribes as "an urban base for Native Americans in the Seattle area." Located on 20 acres (81,000 m²) in Seattle's Discovery Park in the Magnolia neighborhood, the center developed from activism by Bernie Whitebear and other Native Americans, who staged a generally successful self-styled "invasion" and occupation of the land in 1970. Most of the former Fort Lawton military base had been declared surplus by the U.S. Department of Defense. "The claim [Whitebear and others made] to Fort Lawton was based on rights under 1865 U.S.-Indian treaties promising reversion of surplus military lands to their original owners."

The existing building, a work of modern architecture incorporating many elements of traditional Northwest Native architecture, was designed by Arai Jackson Architects and Planners and completed in 1977. In 2004, plans were approved to supplement it with a complex of three additional related buildings, to be known as the People's Lodge. This was Whitebear's final dream project before he died of cancer in 2000. But in 2006, after agreements had been reached between the tribes, the city and nearby residents on a reduced size for the new project, the Center decided to postpone construction indefinitely for lack of funds.

Daybreak Star, a major nucleus of Native American cultural activity in its region, functions as a conference center, a location for pow wows, the location for a Head Start school program, and an art gallery. The center's permanent art collection includes a variety of large art works by and about Native Americans, notably Blue Jay, a 30-foot (9 m) wide, 12 foot (3.7 m) high sculpture by Lawney Reyes, Whitebear's brother. It was commissioned by and hung prominently for more than 30 years at the Bank of California building in downtown Seattle. (After the Bank of California merged with Union Bank in 1996 to form Union Bank of California, the work was donated to the Daybreak Star Center.) Also included in that donation was a major oil painting by Guy Anderson, based on a traditional Northwest Native representation of a whale.

Bernie Whitebear is memorialized by the Bernie Whitebear Memorial Ethnobotanical Garden next to the Center building.

History
In 1970, the U.S. federal government was in the process of reviewing military needs and planned to declare as surplus much of the grounds of Fort Lawton, located on Puget Sound in the northwestern section of the Magnolia neighborhood. The state's two U.S. Senators, Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson and Warren G. Magnuson amended the U.S. Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965, reducing the previous 50-100 percent cost of acquiring surplus federal government property to 0-50 percent, so that such property might be acquired by bodies other than real estate developers. The property would initially be transferred to the city but was not constrained in use. In that period of Indian activism, many of Seattle's urban Indians were concerned to gain a land base within the city. (As of the early 21st century, about 25,000 Indians from a variety of tribes live in the Seattle area.)

A group arose, initially identifying as Kinatechitapi, Blackfoot for "All Indians"; the name referred to the Indians of All Tribes (IAT), a group of mostly student activists then occupying Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. Joe DeLaCruz, leader of the Quinault, conducted outreach to every tribe in Washington State to try to gain their support for gaining land in Seattle.

Kinatechitapi's first efforts to open discussions about the property with the City of Seattle, in advance of surplus land being transferred to the city, failed. The City, under mayor Wes Uhlman, said it would not open discussions until it had acquired the land, and referred the group to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). As Whitebear later wrote, "This action displayed their ignorance of both the BIA's restricted service policy, which excluded urban Indians, and also the disregard and disfavor urban Indians held for the BIA." The City said that the Indian Center in a former church near Stewart Street downtown was an adequate facility for Seattle's Indians. The members of the Magnolia Community Club, a group with significant political clout, were opposed to an Indian presence on the Fort Lawton land.

Kinatechitapi members split between a faction that called for direct action and one that preferred to wait until the city acquired the land, in order to conduct negotiations. Prominent among those who preferred to wait was Pearl Warren, founder of the American Indian Women's Service League, who was concerned that a militant attitude would result in the city's reducing its provision of services to urban Indians. Members agreed that those who wished to take more extreme action would not use the name Kinatechitapi. Warren lost the next election for presidency of the Service League to Joyce Reyes, who was aligned with those promoting direct action. All significant Seattle Indian organizations agreed on taking action.

Direct action
The more militant faction, led by Bernie Whitebear, soon adopted the name "American Indian Fort Lawton Occupation Forces". The faction included Bob Satiacum, initially a rival to Whitebear for the top leadership role. A group vote settled on Whitebear as leader. Some of the Indians of All Tribes traveled to Seattle from Alcatraz for the action, including Richard Oaks, leader of that action; other activists came from Canada. Grace Thorpe, daughter of athlete Jim Thorpe, also arrived to give support. Local activists Ella Aquino and Ramona Bennett helped plan the occupation. The group planned to invade the base from two directions, with one group scaling the bluffs from Elliott Bay while another scaled the fence near the Lawton Wood community on the north side of the base. The group committed to nonviolence in this action.

American Indian soldiers and others were protesting at Fort Lewis, near Tacoma, linking native rights to opposition to the Vietnam War. At the behest of the Fort Lewis coalition, actress Jane Fonda came to Seattle at the time of the invasion of Fort Lawton. According to Whitebear, her presence
"captured the imagination of the world press. American Indians were attacking active military forts along with one of the nation's leading opponents of United States involvement in the Vietnam War." Her presence transformed "an effort to secure a land base for urban Indians" into "a bizarre, ready-for-prime-time, movie scenario, complete with soldiers, modern-day Indians, and anti-war activists. Without really appreciating it at the time, the Indian movement had achieved through Jane Fonda's presence, a long-sought credibility which would not have been possible otherwise."

On the evening of March 7, 1970, at a pow-wow held at the Filipino Community Hall in south Seattle, invasion plans were announced. The following day, March 8, 1970, about 100 "Native Americans and sympathizers" confronted military police in riot gear at the fort, while about 500 supporters staged a legal protest outside the gates. Some of the invaders reached the base chapel, where a Sunday service was in progress, but in general, skirmish lines were quickly formed and the military police contained the invasion. Some of the invaders failed to maintain non-violence, especially when confronted by what Whitebear characterized as "overly aggressive handling by the MPs". MPs (Military Police), aided by regular Army troops and Seattle Police, initially placed the invaders in the fort stockade, then ejected them from the fort. The Indian activists established a tipi encampment outside the fort. Mayor Uhlman and Senator Jackson held a press conference about the Fort Lawton property, promising a city park at the site above Puget Sound. They did not refer to the Indian action.

United Indians of All Tribes Foundation
Organizing as the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation (UIATF) with Whitebear as executive director, the Indians used tactics ranging from politicking to occupation of land to celebrity appearances to gain more support. For three months, activists engaged in what Whitebear later described as "Invasion, arrests, jailings, letters of expulsion from military property, physical escort off the fort, re-invasion." The Army cordoned off the fort with concertina wire, brought in two companies of troops from Fort Lewis to prevent incursions, and dug foxholes.

By this time more than 40 non-Indian organizations in King County supported the Indians' efforts. Gary and Beverly Beaver, Randy Lewis, Grace Thorpe, Douglas Remington, and Bernie Whitebear testified before a congressional committee chaired by Morris Udall, and received support from US congressman Brock Adams from Seattle. Whitebear forged a relationship with Tom McLaughlin, deputy regional director of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and through him with Buck Kelley, the regional director and top political appointee for HEW in the region. UIATF, which had previously avoided dealing with the BIA, now went through the National Congress of American Indians to approach the BIA and request a freeze on plans to transfer land at Fort Lawton until the issue between UIATF and the City was resolved. BIA commissioner Louis Bruce imposed such a freeze for a time, but eventually backed off at the behest of his boss, the Department of the Interior.

When the federal government officially put the surplus land up for offers, UIATF filed to acquire a portion of the fort directly from the federal government. Thanks to Whitebear's maneuvering, UIATF's application to acquire part of the land was technically filed prior to the City's application for the whole parcel. The federal General Services Administration, which handled the surplus process, ultimately insisted that the City and UIATF come up with a joint plan for the property. In November 1971, the parties agreed that the city would grant UIATF with a 99-year lease on 20 acres (81,000 m²) in what would become Seattle's Discovery Park, with options for renewal without renegotiation. In addition, the City granted $600,000 to the American Indian Women's Service League for a social services center.

Whitebear was soon elected as CEO of the UIATF, and undertook fundraising (including a one million dollar grant from the state), and supervision of design and construction. Whitebear's brother Lawney Reyes joined with architects of Arai Jackson to design the facility, which used traditional Native American elements in a modern building. It opened in 1977.

In the same era when Daybreak Star was being constructed, Whitebear was appointed to the Seattle Arts Commission. The UIATF was granted an $80,000 arts grant for the center. The Center has wireless Internet access ("UIATF-A").

Notes

References
 Lawney L. Reyes, White Grizzly Bear's Legacy: Learning to be Indian, University of Washington Press, 2002. .
 Lawney L. Reyes, Bernie Whitebear: An Urban Indian's Quest for Justice, University of Arizona, 2006. . .
Bernie Whitebear, "Self-Determination: Taking Back Fort Lawton. Meeting the Needs of Seattle's Native American Community Through Conversion", Race, Poverty & the Environment, Volume IV, Number 4 /Volume V, Number 1 Spring - Summer 1994 , p. 3–6.

External links

 [https://www.unitedindians.org/
https://www.unitedindians.org/arts-culture/sacred-circle-gallery/
https://www.unitedindians.org/daybreak-star-center/
https://sacredcirclegiftsandart.com/pages/locations

Art museums and galleries in Washington (state)
Culture of Seattle
Landmarks in Seattle
Museums in Seattle
Native American cultural institutions
Native American museums in Washington (state)
Coast Salish museums in Washington (state)
Tourist attractions in Seattle
Magnolia, Seattle
1977 establishments in Washington (state)
Museums established in 1977
Buildings and structures completed in 1977

Daybreak Star Cultural Center


Dereköy, Tunceli ilinin Pülümür ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Coğrafya
Tunceli il merkezine 105 km, Pülümür ilçesine 35 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Pülümür belde ve köyleri

Dereköy, Pülümür


A blank cheque or blank check in the literal sense is a cheque that has no monetary value written in, but is already signed. In the figurative sense, it is used to describe a situation in which an agreement has been made that is open-ended or vague, and therefore subject to abuse, or in which a party is willing to consider any expense in the pursuance of their goals. The term carte blanche () is used in a similar way.

Literal meaning
Cheque writers are advised to specify the amount of the cheque before signing it. A blank cheque can be extremely expensive for the drawer who writes the cheque, because whoever obtains the cheque could write in any amount of money, and might be able to cash it (if the current account or checking account contains sufficient funds, and depending on the laws in the specific country). Under American law, a blank cheque is an example of an "" as defined in the Uniform Commercial Code's Article 3, Section 115 (a). Writing an amount in a blank cheque, without the authority of the signer, is an "alteration". It is legally equivalent to changing the numbers on a completed (non-blank) cheque.

Metaphorical meaning

In finance
A "blank cheque company" refers to a company in development that has no specific business plan, such as a special-purpose acquisition company.

In politics
 On July 5, 1914, Germany gave Austria a "blank cheque" in handling its punishment of Serbia regarding the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne. It led to the start of the First World War. German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg told the Austrian ambassador in Berlin that the Austrian Emperor had the support of the German Kaiser:
Finally, as far as concerns Serbia, His Majesty, of course, cannot interfere in the dispute now going on between Austria- Hungary and that country, as it is a matter not within his competence. The Emperor Francis Joseph may, however, rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria-Hungary, as is required by the obligations of his alliance and of his ancient friendship.

In March 2003, Gordon Brown, the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, "effectively offered a blank cheque for war against Iraq", and would thus '"spend what it takes" to tackle Iraq's weapons of mass destruction.'

In literature
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used the term carte blanche in several of his Sherlock Holmes stories.

 "A Scandal in Bohemia":
"Then, as to money?"
"You have carte blanche."
"Absolutely?"
"I tell you that I would give one of the provinces of my kingdom to have that photograph."

 "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet":
"I understand that you give me carte blanche to act for you, provided only that I get back the gems, and that you place no limit on the sum I may draw."
"I would give my fortune to have them back."

See also
 Blank endorsement
 List of political metaphors
 Cheque#United States
 Tabula rasa

Blank Check with Griffin and David (American film podcast)

References

Financial regulation
Cheques
Political metaphors

Blank cheque


Podiceps é um género de aves da família Podicipedidae, vulgarmente conhecidas como mergulhões.

Este género contém as seguintes nove espécies:

 Mergulhão-de-capuz (Podiceps gallardoi)
 Mergulhão-grande (Podiceps major)
 Mergulhão-prateado (Podiceps occipitalis)
 Mergulhão-de-pescoço-preto (Podiceps nigricollis)
 Mergulhão-de-crista (Podiceps cristatus)
 Mergulhão-colombiano (Podiceps andinus)
 Mergulhão-de-pescoço-ruivo (Podiceps grisegena)
 Mergulhão-de-pescoço-castanho (Podiceps auritus)
 Mergulhão-do-junín (Podiceps taczanowskii)

Podiceps
Podicipedidae

Podiceps


Meelis Aasmäe (* 13. Juni 1972 in Hellenurme, Landgemeinde Palupera, damals Estnische SSR, Sowjetunion) ist ein estnischer Skilanglauf- und Biathlontrainer und ehemaliger Skilangläufer. Aasmäe wurde 1998 und 2000 estnischer Meister über 50 Kilometer klassisch.

Karriere als aktiver Sportler

Seinen ersten internationalen Wettkampf bestritt Aasmäe im Alter von 23 Jahren im Skilanglauf-Continental-Cup. Über 10 Kilometer Freistil belegte er im November 1995 im norwegischen Savalen den 75. Platz. In der darauffolgenden Saison sicherte er sich mit Platz 28. beim Continental-Cup über 10 Kilometer klassisch im finnischen Kittilä den Start bei der Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaft in Trondheim, wo er beim Sieg des Finnen Mika Myllylä über 50 Kilometer klassisch den 57. Platz erreichte. 1997 gewann er den Tartu Complex Event, eine Wettkampfserie bestehend aus vier Wettkämpfen in verschiedenen Ausdauersportarten – Tartu Maraton (Skilanglauf), Tartu-Lauf-Marathon (Laufsport), Tartu-Straßenradrennen (Straßenradrennen) und Tartu Rad-Marathon (Mountainbike-Marathon).

Ein Jahr später hatte er seinen ersten Einsatz im Skilanglauf-Weltcup. Im norwegischen Beitostølen konnte er sich mit Platz 110 über 10 Kilometer klassisch jedoch nur im hinteren Starterfeld platzieren. Bei seinem zweiten Einsatz im Weltcup im russischen Kawgolowo wurde er 45. über die Distanz von 30 Kilometern Freistil. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1998 im japanischen Nagano startete Aasmäe über 30 Kilometer klassisch, wo er den 52. Platz belegte. In der Saison 1998/99 gewann er beim Weltcup im estnischen Otepää seine ersten Weltcup-Punkte. Vor heimischen Publikum belegte er den 29. Platz über 10 Kilometer klassisch. Seine beste Platzierung bei der Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaft 1999 im österreichischen Ramsau war ebenfalls ein 29. Platz über 30 Kilometer Freistil. Über 10 Kilometer klassisch wurde er 54. Im darauffolgenden Verfolgungswettbewerb über 25 Kilometer Freistil verbesserte er sich auf den 41. Platz. Mit der estnischen Staffel belegte er den zehnten Platz. Zusammen mit Pavo Raudsepp belegte er in Vantaa beim Teamsprint, der am Rande des Weltcups in Lahti ausgetragen wurde und zum damaligen Zeitpunkt noch nicht zum Weltcup-Programm gehörte, den zweiten Platz.

Auch in folgenden Jahren war Aasmäe fester Bestandteil der estnischen Nationalmannschaft, verfehlte bei Weltcup-Wettbewerben jedoch mit Top40-Platzierungen weitere Weltcuppunkte. Bei der Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaft 2001 im finnischen Lahti erreichte er beim Sieg seines Landsmannes Andrus Veerpalu mit Platz 25. über 30 Kilometer klassisch sein bestes Karriereresultat bei einer internationalen Meisterschaft. Über 50 Kilometer Freistil würde er 26. und 33. über 15 Kilometer klassisch. Mit der estnischen Staffel belegte er den siebenten Platz. 2002 nahm Aasmäe an seinen zweiten Olympischen Winterspielen teil. In Salt Lake City startete er in den Wettbewerben der klassischen Technik. Über 15 Kilometer wurde er 40. und über 50 Kilometer 48. Wie bei den Weltmeisterschaften 1999 und 2001 wurde Aasmäe auch im Staffelwettbewerb eingesetzt. Startläufer Raul Olle übergab an neunter Stelle liegend an den Olympiasieger über 15 Kilometer klassisch Andrus Veerplau, der die estnische Staffel auf den dritten Platz verbessern konnte. Zur Überraschung Vieler konnte der Bronzemedaillengewinner über 15 Kilometer klassisch Jaak Mae auch in der freien Technik überzeugen und übergab weiterhin an dritter Stelle liegend an Aasmäe. Aasmäe konnte jedoch den Schlussläufern der anderen Nationen nicht folgen und verlor über 3 Minuten auf die siegreiche Staffel aus Norwegen. Die estnische Staffel belegte am Ende den neunten Platz. Bei der Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaft 2003 im italienischen Val di Fiemme wurde er 44. über 30 Kilometer klassisch (Massenstart) und 57. über 15 Kilometer klassisch.

In den darauffolgenden Jahren startete Aasmäe nur noch bei Weltcupwettbewerben im heimischen Otepää. Seit 2004 nahm er am Skilanglauf-Marathon-Cup teil. Im schwedischen Mora belegte er 2004 beim Wasalauf über die Distanz von 90 Kilometern klassisch den elften Platz. Ein Jahr später wurde er über 70 Kilometer klassisch in Val di Fiemme 19. und gewann den zur Worldloppet-Serie gehörenden Finlandia-hiihto über 60 Kilometer klassisch. 2006 wurde er beim Wasalauf Zehnter und siegte beim Tallinner Skimarathon. In seiner letzten Saison 2007 folgten ein 26. beim La Sgambeda in Livigno, ein 27. Platz in Val di Fiemme und ein 24. Platz beim König-Ludwig-Lauf in Oberammergau.

Trainerkarriere

Nach seiner aktiven Laufbahn ist Aasmäe als Langlauftrainer im Biathlon tätig und gehört seit der Saison 2007/08 zum Betreuerstab der estnischen Biathlon-Nationalmannschaft. Seit der Saison 2011/12 ist er des Weiteren hauptverantwortlicher Trainer der estnische Biathletin Kadri Lehtla, die seit diesem Zeitpunkt außerhalb der estnischen Nationalmannschaft trainiert und ihre Resultate im Weltcup verbessern und stabilisieren konnte.

Weblinks

 Profil beim estnischen Skiverband

Einzelnachweise

Skilangläufer (Estland)
Estnischer Meister (Skilanglauf)
Olympiateilnehmer (Estland)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1998
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2002
Sowjetbürger
Este
Geboren 1972
Mann

Meelis Aasmäe


Events in the year 1960 in the Republic of India.(post Independence period)

7 May 1960 Border Road Organization (BRO) was established.

Incumbents
 President of India – Rajendra Prasad
 Prime Minister of India – Jawaharlal Nehru
 Vice President of India - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
 Chief Justice of India – Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha

Governors
 Andhra Pradesh – Bhim Sen Sachar
 Assam – Saiyid Fazal Ali (until 12 November), Vishnu Sahay (starting 12 November)
 Bihar – Zakir Hussain
 Gujarat – Mehdi Nawaz Jung (starting 1 May)
 Karnataka – Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar
 Kerala – Burgula Ramakrishna Rao (until 1 July), V. V. Giri (starting 1 July)
 Madhya Pradesh – Hari Vinayak Pataskar
 Maharashtra – Sri Prakasa
 Odisha – Yeshwant Narayan Sukthankar
 Punjab – Narahar Vishnu Gadgil
 Rajasthan – Gurumukh Nihal Singh
 Uttar Pradesh – Varahgiri Venkat Giri (until 1 July), Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (starting 1 July)
 West Bengal – Padmaja Naidu

Events
 National income - 176,333 million
 1 May – In India, 1 May is declared as 'Maharashtra Divas', i.e., Maharashtra Day (the same day is also celebrated as 'Kaamgaar Divas', i.e., Workers Day) or 'Gujarat Diwas'.
 1 May – Yashwantrao Chavan took oath as the 1st Chief Minister of Maharashtra
 20 June – Maharashtra State Electricity Board formed.
 The ninth amendments of the Constitution of India
 Air India enters United States with flights to New York.
 Bajaj Auto goes public.
 Goa, Diu and Daman were freed from Portuguese rule and became parts of the Indian federation.

Law
 1 May – Gujarat State and Maharashtra State are formed from the State of Bombay as laid down by the States Reorganisation Act.

Births
2 January – Raman Lamba, cricketer (died 1998)
5 February – Maganti Venkateswara Rao, politician and member of parliament from Eluru.
1 May – Y. V. Subba Reddy, politician from YSR Congress Party and former member of parliament from Ongole.
21 May  Mohanlal, actor.
10 June  Nandamuri Balakrishna, actor and politician.
25 June – Suresh Gopi, actor.
11 July – Kumar Gaurav, actor.
27 July  Poornima Bhagyaraj, actress.
27 July  P. Sai Kumar, actor, dubbing artist and television presenter.
12 September  Vadivelu, actor and comedian.
13 September – Karthik, actor.

Deaths
30 January – J. C. Kumarappa, economist (born 1892).
2 February – Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja, Hindu teacher (born 1884).
20 April – Pannalal Ghosh, flute (bānsurī) player and composer (born 1911).
27 April – Rajshekhar Basu, writer, chemist and lexicographer (born 1880).
8 September - Feroze Gandhi, politician (age 48)

See also
 Bollywood films of 1960

India
Years of the 20th century in India
1960s in India
1960 in Asia

1960 in India


Kłobuczyn [kwɔˈbutʂɨn] este un sat în districtul administrativ Gmina Gaworzyce, powiatul Polkowice, voievodatul Silezia Inferioară, din sud-vestul Poloniei.

El se află la aproximativ 4 kilometri sud-est de Gaworzyce, la 16 kilometri nord-vest de Polkowice și la 95 de kilometri nord-vest de capitala regională Wrocław.

Referințe

Sate din voievodatul Silezia Inferioară

Kłobuczyn


Alcudia de Monteagud , İspanya'nın on yedi otonom bölgesinden en kalabalık ikinci bölge olan Endülüs'e bağlı; İspanya'nın güneyinde bulunan Almería eyaletine bağlı belediye. 2009 yılındaki nüfusu; 141 kişidir. Belediye, 15 km²'lik bir alanı kaplamaktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynak: INE (Spain)

Dış bağlantılar
  Alcudia de Monteagud - Diputación Provincial de Almería

Alcudia de Monteagud


Cet article dresse la liste des ministres italiens chargés de la Famille depuis la création du poste en .

Liste des ministres

Chronologie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Département des Politiques familiales

Famille

Liste des ministres italiens de la Famille


Osmán Alexis Huerta Cabezas (Antofagasta, Chile; 16 de junio de 1989) es un futbolista chileno. En junio de 2011, en la Gala del Fútbol SIFUP, Huerta fue premiado como el mejor futbolista del Torneo de Apertura 2011 de la Primera B.

Carrera

La carrera de Osmán Huerta inició en Deportes Antofagasta el 2007. Desde el 2009 jugó en la Primera B, hasta que en 2011 se coronó campeón de la división, al ganar el Torneo de Apertura y la tabla general del torneo, y por lo tanto ascendió a la Primera División. En 2012, Huerta es transferido como préstamo a Curicó Unido, de la Primera B. En el equipo albirrojo es particularmente recordado por anotar el gol que mantuvo al club en el fútbol profesional, tras una pésima campaña aquel año. Esto ocurrió el 4 de noviembre de 2012, día en que Curicó derrotó uno a cero a San Luis de Quillota en La Granja y se salvó de descender a la Segunda División Profesional

Campeón con O'Higgins

El 2013 es cedido a O'Higgins de Rancagua. Con el equipo celeste logró la gloria al titularse campeón del Apertura 2013 de Primera División, en una infartante y épica definición con Universidad Católica, primero al igualar en puntaje de la tabla de posiciones, y luego, al vencerla en la definición jugada en el Estadio Nacional.

Además de formar parte del plantel que ganó el primer título en la historia del equipo rancagüino, se tituló campeón de la Supercopa 2014 (anotando su gol en la definición a penales, en el encuentro contra Deportes Iquique) y estuvo presente en la Copa Libertadores 2014, en los partidos que O'Higgins enfrentó a Lanús y Deportivo Cali.

Luego de este histórico paso en el Capo de Provincia, Huerta regresa a Deportes Antofagasta, a Curicó Unido, ficha en Ñublense y vuelve otra vez a Antofagasta, sin mayor transcendencia en ninguno de los equipos antes mencionados. En el año 2018, Osmán Huerta milita en Coquimbo Unido de la Primera División B de Chile.

Clubes

Palmarés

Distinciones individuales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Ficha de Osman Huerta en BDFA
Ficha deOsman Huerta en Soccerway

Nacidos en Antofagasta
Futbolistas de Chile
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes Antofagasta en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes Antofagasta en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes Provincial Curicó Unido en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo O'Higgins en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Ñublense en los años 2010
Futbolistas de Coquimbo Unido en los años 2010

Osmán Huerta


11039 Raynal este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
11039 Raynal este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,88 ua, o excentricitate de 0,07 și o înclinație de 1,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 11001-12000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Asteroizi Koronis

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1989
Centura de asteroizi

11039 Raynal


Pyrola japonica er tegund blómplantna af lyngætt. Hún er ættuð frá A-Asíu (Kína, Japan, Kóreuskagi, Rússland og Tævan).

Tilvísanir

Lyngætt

Pyrola japonica


Alchemilla saxatilis er fjölær jurt af rósaætt (Rosaceae). Hún er frá Litlu-Asíu (Tyrkland, Armenía, Georgía, Aserbajan, Íran).

Heimildir

Maríustakkar

Alchemilla sericata


Ylenia Sarteur (* 1994) ist eine italienische Naturbahnrodlerin. Sie stammt aus dem Aostatal und nahm in der Saison 2011/2012 erstmals an einem Weltcuprennen teil.

Karriere
Sarteur nahm ab dem Winter 2008/2009 an einzelnen Einsitzer-Rennen im Interkontinentalcup teil. Regelmäßigere Starts im Europacup, dem Nachfolger des Interkontinentalcups, folgten ab der Saison 2011/2012. Seit diesem Winter startet sie nicht nur im Einsitzer, sondern zusammen mit ihrem Vereinskollegen Matteo Agnesod auch im Doppelsitzer. Größere Erfolge im Europacup blieben aber bisher aus. Das Duo Agnesod/Sarteur nahm auch an der Juniorenweltmeisterschaft 2012 in Latsch teil, bei der sie unter sieben Doppelsitzerpaaren den sechsten Platz belegten. Am Ende des Winters starteten sie zudem erstmals in einem Doppelsitzer-Weltcuprennen. Beim Finale der Saison 2011/2012 in Umhausen belegten sie den zehnten und letzten Platz. Im Einsitzer nahm Sarteur bisher an keinem Weltcuprennen teil.

Erfolge

Juniorenweltmeisterschaften
 Latsch 2012: 6. Doppelsitzer (mit Matteo Agnesod)

Weltcup
 1 Platzierung unter den besten zehn

Weblinks

 Ylenia Sarteur beim Wintersportverband Aostatal (italienisch)

Naturbahnrodler (Italien)
Italiener
Geboren 1994
Frau

Ylenia Sarteur


The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center is a museum in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, based on the history of the Underground Railroad. Opened in 2004, the center also pays tribute to all efforts to "abolish human enslavement and secure freedom for all people."

It is one of a new group of "museums of conscience" in the United States, along with the Museum of Tolerance, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. The center offers insight into the struggle for freedom in the past, in the present, and for the future, as it attempts to challenge visitors to contemplate the meaning of freedom in their own lives. Its location recognizes the significant role of Cincinnati in the history of the Underground Railroad, as thousands of slaves escaped to freedom by crossing the Ohio River from the southern slave states. Many found refuge in the city, some staying there temporarily before heading north to gain freedom in Canada.

The structure

After ten years of planning, fundraising, and construction, the $110 million (~$ in ) Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004; official opening ceremonies took place on August 23. The 158,000 square foot (15,000 m2) structure was designed by Boora Architects (design architect) of Portland, Oregon with Blackburn Architects (architect of record) of Indianapolis. Three pavilions celebrate courage, cooperation and perseverance. The exterior features rough travertine stone from Tivoli, Italy on the east and west faces of the building, and copper panels on the north and south. According to Walter Blackburn, one of its primary architects before his death, the building's "undulating quality" expresses the fields and the river that escaping slaves crossed to reach freedom. First Lady Laura Bush, Oprah Winfrey, and Muhammad Ali attended the groundbreaking ceremony on June 17, 2002.

Slave pen

The center's principal artifact is a 21 by 30-foot (6 by 9 m), two-story log slave pen built in 1830. By 2003, it was "the only known surviving rural slave jail," previously used to house slaves prior to their being shipped to auction. The structure was moved from a farm in Mason County, Kentucky, where a tobacco barn had been built around it.

It was reconstructed in the second-floor atrium of the museum, where visitors encounter it again and again while exploring other exhibits. Passersby on the street outside can also see it through the center's large windows.

The pen was originally owned by Captain John Anderson, a veteran of the Revolutionary War and slave trader. Slaves from the area were transported from Dover, Kentucky to slave markets in Natchez, Mississippi and New Orleans, Louisiana; they were held in this pen for a few days or several months, as he and other traders waited for favorable market conditions and higher selling prices. The pen has eight small windows, the original stone floor and fireplace. On the second floor are a row of wrought iron rings (see photo at right) through which a central chain ran, tethering men on either side. Male slaves were held on the second floor, while women were kept on the first floor, where they used the fireplace for cooking.

"The pen is powerful," says Carl Westmoreland, curator and senior adviser to the museum. "It has the feeling of hallowed ground. When people stand inside, they speak in whispers. It is a sacred place. I believe it is here to tell a story – the story of the internal slave trade to future generations."

Visitors to the museum can walk through the holding pen and touch its walls. The first names of some of the slaves believed to have been held in the pen are listed on a wooden slab in the pen's interior; they were documented in records kept by slave traders who used the pen.

Westmoreland spent three and a half years uncovering the story of the slave jail. Its authentication by him and other historians is considered "a landmark in the material culture of slavery." Westmoreland said,

We're just beginning to remember. There is a hidden history right below the surface, part of the unspoken vocabulary of the American historic landscape. It's nothing but a pile of logs, yet it is everything.

Other features
Prominent features of the Center include:
 The "Suite for Freedom" Theater features three animated films: these address the fragile nature of freedom throughout human history, particularly as related to the Underground Railroad and slavery in the United States.
 The "ESCAPE! Freedom Seekers" interactive display about the Underground Railroad; it presents school groups and families with young children a series of choices on an imaginary escape attempt. The gallery features information about figures including William Lloyd Garrison, a leading abolitionist; Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave and "conductor" on the Underground Railroad; and Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave who became an abolitionist and powerful orator.
 The film, Brothers of the Borderland, tells the story of the Underground Railroad in Ripley, Ohio, where conductors, both black (John Parker) and white (Reverend John Rankin), helped slaves such as a fictional Alice. It was directed by Julie Dash.
 Exhibits about the history of slavery and opponents including John Brown and President Abraham Lincoln; and the American Civil War that ended it.
 The Struggle Continues, an exhibit portrays continuing challenges faced by African Americans since the end of slavery, struggles for freedom in today's world, and ways that the Underground Railroad has inspired groups in India, Poland and South Africa.
 The John Parker Library houses a collection of multimedia materials about the Underground Railroad and freedom-related issues.
 The FamilySearch Center allows visitors to investigate their own roots.
Jane Burch Cochran created a quilt, "Crossing to Freedom," a 7 ft by 10 ft that depicts symbolic images from the anti-slavery era to the Civil Rights Movement that hangs at an entrance to the center.

The Freedom Center's former Executive Director and CEO, John Pepper, was previously the CEO of Procter & Gamble.

See also

List of museums focused on African Americans

References

 Bauer, Marilyn (February 8, 2004). "Slave pen now holds history", The Cincinnati Enquirer.
 Brown, Patricia Leigh (May 6, 2003). "In a Barn, a Piece of Slavery's Hidden Past", The New York Times
Brown, Jessica (June 13, 2008). "Freedom Center's Future", The Cincinnati Enquirer

External links
 National Underground Railroad Freedom Center site
 NURFC sponsored project: Passage to Freedom – Underground Railroad sites in the State of Ohio

History museums in Ohio
African-American museums in Ohio
2004 establishments in Ohio
Museums in Cincinnati
Underground railroad in Ohio
Museums established in 2004
African-American history in Cincinnati


Ottendorf Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Rendsburg-Eckernförde iline bağlı bölge. 3,55 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 852 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Wilhelm Hirsch tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-achterwehr.de

Rendsburg-Eckernförde iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Ottendorf (bei Kiel)


الفوران ويعرف أيضاً بالـفورفوران هو مركب عضوي له الصيغة C4H4O ، وهو من المركبات العطرية الحلقية غير المتجانسة، تتألف بنيته من حلقة خماسية غير مشبعة حاوية على ذرة أكسجين.

الخواص
 الفوران مركب عطري (أروماتي)، لديه ستة إلكترونات من النمط باي π ، أربعة منها للرابطتين المضاعفتين والاثنان الباقيان هما الزوج الإلكتروني لذرة الأكسجين، فهو يحقق قاعدة هوكل.

 الفوران مركب متطاير حيث أن لديه ضغط بخار مرتفع، لذا درجة غليانه منخفضة 32 °س فقط. له رائحة تشبه رائحة الكلوروفورم.
 الفوران ضعيف الانحلال في الماء لكنه ينحل في أغلب المحلات العضوية الأخرى.

التحضير
 يحضر من الفورفورال بالأكسدة، من ثم تنزع مجموعة الكربوكسيل من حمض الفوران-2 الكربوكسيلي.

الاستخدامات
 تجرى عملية هدرجة للفوران من أجل تحضير رباعي هيدرو الفوران المستخدم بكثرة كمذيب.

اقرأ أيضاً
 ديوكسولان
 فورازان
 أرسول
 فوسفول

المصادر

 Taschenbuch chemische Substanzen, Willmes, Verlag Harri Deutsch, ISBN 3-8171-1662-4

حلقات عطرية بسيطة
مسرطنات المجموعة 2B حسب تصنيف الوكالة الدولية لأبحاث السرطان

فوران (مركب كيميائي)


As eleições no território federal de Rondônia em 1962 ocorreram em 7 de outubro como parte das eleições gerais em 22 estados e nos territórios federais do Amapá e Rondônia. No presente caso, a Constituição de 1946 fixou um deputado federal para representar cada um dos territórios federais então existentes.

Resultado da eleição para deputado federal
Informa o acervo do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral que houve 9.025 votos nominais (95,38%), 331 votos em branco (3,50%) e 106 votos nulos (1,12%), resultando no comparecimento de 9.462 eleitores. Nos territórios federais representados por um deputado federal, será observado o princípio do voto majoritário.

Chapa do PSP

Coligação PTB-PSD

Rondônia
1962

Eleições no Território Federal de Rondônia em 1962


Softrans este un operator feroviar privat cu sediul în Craiova, România. Compania operează 2 rame electrice Hyperion. Firma este deținută de producătorul de material rulant Softronic.

Rute
 Craiova-București Nord-Brașov
 Craiova-București Nord-Constanța (în timpul sezonului estival)
 Craiova-Motru (anulate începând cu luna iunie 2018)

Material rulant
Întregul material rulant al companiei este produs de firma-mamă. Rutele spre Brașov și Constanța sunt deservite cu rame electrice Hyperion, iar ruta spre Motru a fost asigurată cu vagoane de tip 21-47 și o locomotivă EG Bo'Bo modernizată la Softronic, capabilă de 120 km/h, care este acum închiriată altui operator feroviar.

Trenurile care circulă pe rutele de interes turistic Craiova - București - Brașov / Constanța au în timpul sezonului diferite autocolante, promovând firme sau programe locale, acest fapt ajutând menținerea biletelor la un tarif redus. Pentru aceste rute se pune la dispoziție și un sistem de rezervare online în care se pot alege și locurile individual.

Vezi și
 Softronic

Legături externe
 Site-ul web al companiei Softrans

Referințe

Companii de transport feroviar din România

Softrans


poire_z (pronounced "pwar-zed") was an electronic free improvisation music group formed in 1998. Its members all have long careers in improvised music; critic Fred Grand of Avant calls poire_z a "post-AMM supergroup."

Band history
At a music festival at Nantes, France in 1998, percussionist Gunter Muller and turntablist Erikm were scheduled to perform as a duo. The same festival featured a performance by duo Voice Crack. The four musicians made an unscheduled collaboration, and afterwards formed a semi-regular quartet.

They recorded several albums and made a number of live appearances before disbanding. poire_z often invited a fifth musician as a guest: Keith Rowe, Phil Minton, Christian Marclay, Otomo Yoshihide, Sachiko M and others performed or recorded with the core quartet.

As with much free improvisation, poire_z's music is generally focused more on a group sound, and given the musicians' unorthodox approach to their instruments, it is often difficult to discern who is generating any individual sound. Aside from glimpses of Muller's occasionally unprocessed percussion, their music is nearly all electronic blips, clicks and droning like a shortwave radio tuned in to an extraterrestrial broadcast; critic Ed Howard described the group's music as "all whir and purr and throb, the soldered electronic exclamations of the Voice Crack duo spurting around the steady rhythmic drive of Muller and eRikm ... a dense cycling drone with harsh electronic interjections skipping over the top." One piece is described as "delicate tones, crackles and light bubbling sounds, resting and intermingling with characteristic weightlessness, only occasionally being interrupted by glimpses of harsher textures."

Voice Crack formally disbanded in about 2004, and poire_z have not recorded or performed since.

Personnel
Erikm: 3K-PAD∞System
Gunter Muller: percussion, effects
Andy Guhl and Norbert Möslang (who recorded as Voice Crack) on homemade electronics.

Discography

 1999 : Poire_Z - For4ears records
 2001 : Presque_Chic - Sonoris
 2002 : + - with Otomo Yoshihide • Sachiko M • Christian Marclay - Erstwhile Records
 2004 : Q - Poire Z's last performance, with guest vocalist Phil Minton
 Sampler
 2000 : mottomo otomo - Trost Records
 2000 : Hairles_handle - The Wire tapper 6
 2002 : fb50" - fals.ch
 2004 : The Wire Tapper 11  Poire_z + phil Minton - The Wire tapper 11
 2008 : A SHORT HISTORY 2000-2005- Contemporary Art And Sound . Dolmen

 Post-Poire_Z
 Since 2004 Günter Müller & Norbert Moslang have also collaborated in trio or quartet.
 2002 : Buda Rom Voice Crack & Günter Müller - For4ears
 2003 : Oystered Voice Crack & Günter Müller & Oren Ambarchi - Audiosphere sub Rosa
 2011 : Stodgy Erikm & Norbert Möslang - Mikroton Recordings
 2016 : Pavillon du Lac with  Günter Müller + Norbert Möslang +  Erikm - Dolmen
 Sampler
 2011 : Mikroton eRikm / Norbert Möslang -  Mikroton
 2011 : Below The Radar eRikm / Norbert Möslang - The Wire
 2005 : t-u-b-e / gebeugt 2005'' Norbert Möslang / eRikm - Wergo

 Pre-Poire_Z
 1982 : Knack On - Norbert Möslang & Andy Guhl
 1990 : Voice Crack – "Earflash" - V-Records, Uhlang Produktion
 1996 : Table Chair and Hatstand - Voice Crack + Günter Müller +  Jim O'Rourke - Uhlang Production

References

DIY culture
Free improvisation ensembles
Electronics and society
Experimental musical groups
French electronic music groups
Articles with underscores in the title
German electronic music groups

Poire z


Live Box is a set of 4 live CDs, a live DVD and a 36-page booklet by Icelandic musician Björk, released in August 2003. Each live CD roughly corresponds to one album in her (at the time of release) four album solo discography.  The 4 live CDs were later released separately in June 2004

Background
When Björk was pregnant with her daughter Ísadóra in 2002 she decided to start sorting through the hundreds of hours of live recordings she had collected from her tours. Assisted in the process by the head of Smekkleysa, Ásmundur Jónsson, they decided on the best performances from each of the tours to include on the live albums. This release of live material was initially confirmed by the inclusion of live tracks on the "It's in Our Hands" single in 2002, credited to the "Forthcoming album Vespertine Live". This was followed by an announcement in 2003 of a distribution-deal with US record company Navarre that would include "both CDs and DVDs". Björk's official website later confirmed the release of a box set containing live recordings, not only from Vespertine but from the past ten years of Björk's solo career. Björk only started to have soundboard recordings of her live shows from the Homogenic Tour onwards, so the first two discs (Debut Live and Post Live) are made up primarily of the audio from the corresponding live DVDs. Shortly before the official release, a free download of "Hyperballad" from the Post Live disc was made available on the Abercrombie Vintage website. The originally announced track listing for Post Live included 18 tracks (the final version has 13), and so would have included nearly the full audio from the Live at Shepherds Bush Empire DVD, from which the album takes most of its material.

The box set also includes a 36-page booklet featuring numerous photos and an in-depth conversation with Björk and Ásmundur in Björk's home, discussing her career, her recordings and her live tours. The box set was originally announced as a limited release of 30,000 copies, although it is still available for purchase. The individual live discs were later released separately in May 2004.

Artwork
The artwork was designed by M/M Paris, whom Björk has worked extensively with since 1999's Volumen release. At the time of release many online stores displayed an incorrect earlier version of the artwork for the box set, which features alternate artwork for the Post Live and Homogenic Live albums. For the album artwork of each live album, Björk herself found a selection of different photos available on the Internet. Because of the small resolution of the images chosen for Homogenic Live and Vespertine Live, these appear pixelated on the actual album covers.

Live Book
To accompany the release of the Live Box, a separate book was released titled Live Book. This features the interview with Ásmundur Jónsson that is also included in the 36-page booklet that comes with the Live Box, but also new interviews with Lynn Fox, Zeena Parkins, Matmos and Leila, who were all involved in Björk's 2003 tour. Although now largely out of print, the book is still available for purchase at the official Björk online store.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
 Live Box mini-site

Björk albums
2003 live albums
Music video compilation albums
2003 video albums
2003 compilation albums
One Little Independent Records compilation albums
One Little Independent Records live albums
One Little Independent Records video albums
Albums produced by Björk

Live Box


La Ruta Estatal de Nevada 120, y abreviada SR 120 (en inglés: Nevada State Route 120) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Nevada. La carretera inicia en el Suroeste desde la  hacia el Noreste en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 10,1 km (6.260 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de Nevada 120 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Nevada por sus siglas en inglés Nevada DOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Nevada DOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Nevada

Ruta Estatal de Nevada 120


is a district located in Tokushima, Japan.

As of June 1, 2019, the district has an estimated population of 7,549 and a population density of . The total area is .

Towns and villages
Naka

Mergers
On March 1, 2005 the towns of Aioi, Kaminaka and Wajiki, and the villages of Kisawa and Kito merged to form the new town of Naka.
On March 20, 2006 the towns of Hanoura and Nakagawa merged into the city of Anan.

Districts in Tokushima Prefecture

Naka District, Tokushima


An Sporobolus buckleyi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Vasey. An Sporobolus buckleyi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sporobolus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Sporobolus

Sporobolus buckleyi