The Philadelphia Main Line, known simply as the Main Line, is an informally delineated historical and social region of suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Lying along the former Pennsylvania Railroad's once prestigious Main Line, it runs northwest from Center City Philadelphia parallel to Lancaster Avenue, also known as U.S. Route 30.

The railroad first connected the Main Line towns in the 19th century. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families, and over the decades became a bastion of "old money". The Main Line includes some of the wealthiest communities in the country, including Gladwyne, Villanova, Radnor, and Ardmore. Today, the railroad is Amtrak's Keystone Corridor, along which SEPTA's Paoli/Thorndale Line operates.

History

17th and 18th centuries

The Main Line region was long part of Lenapehoking, the homeland of the matrilineal Lenape Native Americans (the "true people", or "Delaware Indians"). Europeans arrived in the 1600s, after William Penn sold a tract of land, called the Welsh Tract, to a group of Welsh Quakers in London in 1681. This accounts for the many Welsh place names in the area.  However, what might be termed the "Celtification" of many Main Line place and street names occurred long after colonial times. So, for instance, as a marketing device to attract wealthy new residents, the area once awkwardly named Athensville became the more culturally glamorous Ardmore (Ardmore is a place name found in Ireland and Scotland) in 1873.

19th century
The Pennsylvania Railroad built its main line during the early 19th century as part of the Main Line of Public Works that spanned Pennsylvania. Later in the century, the railroad, which owned much of the land surrounding the tracks, encouraged the development of this picturesque environment by building way stations along the portion of its track closest to Philadelphia. The benefits of what was touted as "healthy yet cultivated country living" attracted Philadelphia's social elite, many of whom had one house in the city and another larger "country home" on the Main Line.

20th century
In the 20th century, many wealthy Philadelphia families moved to the Main Line suburbs. Part of the national trend of suburbanization, this drove rapid investment, prosperity, and growth that turned the area into greater Philadelphia's most affluent and fashionable region. Estates with sweeping lawns and towering maples, the débutante balls and the Merion Cricket Club, which drew crowds of 25,000 spectators to its matches in the early 1900s, were the setting for the 1940 Grant/Hepburn/Stewart motion picture The Philadelphia Story.

The railroad placed stops about two minutes apart, starting with Overbrook. The surrounding communities became known by the railroad station names which started at Broad Street Station in Center City Philadelphia and went on to 32nd Street Station (replaced by 30th Street Station in 1933), the 52nd Street Station (decommissioned), and then the Main Line stations: Overbrook, Merion, Narberth, Wynnewood, Ardmore, Haverford, Bryn Mawr, Rosemont, Villanova, Radnor, St. Davids, Wayne, Strafford, Devon, Berwyn, Daylesford,  Paoli, and Malvern.  At least five of these station buildings, along with the first Bryn Mawr Hotel, were designed by Wilson Brothers & Company. A branch line of the Main Line (currently known as SEPTA's Cynwyd Line) extended to the communities now known as Bala and Cynwyd (via Wynnefield Station in Philadelphia), then proceeded to the West Laurel Hill Cemetery (where there was once a station, as well,) and crossed back into Philadelphia over the Schuylkill River via the famous Manayunk Bridge.  Broad Street Station was replaced with Suburban Station in 1930, and 30th Street Station replaced 32nd Street three years later. Suburban service now extends west of the Main Line to the communities of Exton, Whitford, Downingtown, and Thorndale.

The railroad line then continued on to Chicago, with major stations at Lancaster, Harrisburg and Pittsburgh.  The railroad, since taken over by Amtrak, is still in service, although its route is slightly different from the original. It also serves the Paoli/Thorndale Line of the SEPTA Regional Rail system.

Gilded Age
It was not only extremely wealthy people on the Main Line in the period 1880-1920. Wealthy households required large numbers of servants in order to maintain their lifestyle. Often these servants were Black migrants from the South and recent immigrants from Europe. For example, in the 1900 census, Tredyffrin Township was 13.5% Black; another 15% had been born in Europe. The two largest countries of origin were Italy and Ireland. The corresponding figures for Lower Merion Township were 6% Black and 15% born in Europe; almost 11% were from Ireland.

Another dimension of this story is illustrated by the community of Mount Pleasant, in Tredyffrin Township just north of Wayne. This is a community that became predominantly Black in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

As shown in the census for 1920, most of the Black residents of this neighborhood or their parents had come from the South. Many of the men in this neighborhood (along Henry Avenue and Mount Pleasant Avenue) were employed by the railroad, as quarry workers, or as chauffeurs and gardeners by private families. The occupations often given for women were cook and laundress. This remains a predominantly Black community to the present day.

21st century

Today, the Main Line is another name for the western suburbs of Philadelphia along Lancaster Avenue (U.S. Route 30) and the former main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and extending from the city limits to, traditionally, Bryn Mawr and ultimately Paoli, an area of about . The upper- and upper middle-class enclave has historically been one of the bastions of "old money" in the Northeast, along with places like Long Island's North Shore (AKA: "Gold Coast"); Westchester County, New York; Middlesex County, Massachusetts; and Fairfield County, Connecticut.

Neighborhoods along the Main Line include nineteenth and early twentieth-century railroad suburbs and post-war subdivisions, as well as a few surviving buildings from before the suburban development era. The area today is known primarily for several educational institutions as well as robust suburban life.

Geography

Core towns
The original Main Line towns are widely considered to follow the acronym "Old Maids Never Wed And Have Babies." From Philadelphia, they are:
Overbrook
Merion
Narberth
Wynnewood
Ardmore
Haverford
Bryn Mawr

These seven towns are characterized as one of the primary bastions of old money in Southeastern Pennsylvania.  They are comparably more dense than other suburbs and have lively, walkable downtowns. All of these communities were established along Lancaster Avenue prior to the railroad's construction.

Further, as early as 1887, Bala and Cynwyd were also included in  atlases of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Lower Merion Township and Montgomery County.   By 1908, one of the first atlases to refer specifically to the "Main Line" as a socio-cultural entity includes:
Bala
Cynwyd

Additionally, the following towns are often grouped with the core Main Line:
Wayne
Paoli
Malvern

Infill communities
Beyond the 9 aforementioned communities, many nearby communities have seeded growth in the twentieth century, either in between the core towns or nearby them. They include:
Gladwyne, immediately to the northeast of Bryn Mawr
Villanova and Radnor, between Bryn Mawr and Wayne
Strafford, Devon, and Berwyn, between Wayne and Paoli

These communities are primarily residential and consist of larger lot sizes than in the nine core towns. All of them, except Gladwyne, are on the railroad and have their own station stop.

Demographics
There is no collective data for the Main Line, so all data is by ZIP Code. The median family income on the Main Line is $192,630. In comparison, the median family income for the state of Pennsylvania is $87,500. The following ZIP codes are those within the previously mentioned municipalities that make up the Main Line. All data are from the 2021 American Communities Survey.

Transportation

The Main Line is served by numerous modes of transportation among which are three commuter rail lines operated by SEPTA. Connecting the region directly with Center City Philadelphia are the Paoli/Thorndale Line which shares the former Pennsylvania Railroad four track Keystone Corridor grade with Amtrak, and the Manayunk/Norristown Line which operates over the former Reading Railroad Norristown grade. The light rail Norristown High Speed Line runs over the Philadelphia and Western Railroad line between 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby and Norristown Transportation Center in Norristown. Amtrak's intercity Keystone Service (New York City to Harrisburg) and Pennsylvanian (New York City to Pittsburgh) also serve the region with stops at the jointly operated Amtrak/SEPTA stations at Ardmore and Paoli.

The main thoroughfare through the Main Line is U.S. Route 30 which follows Lancaster Avenue (formerly the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike) running east to west and serves as the backbone of the region by connecting a large majority of its towns and municipalities. Other highways serving the area are the Schuylkill Expressway (I-76) which connects it to Philadelphia, and the Blue Route (I-476) which runs north to south connecting the region with the Northeast Extension and the Pennsylvania Turnpike to the north, and to Philadelphia International Airport and I-95 to the south. Along the northern edge of the Main Line, US 202 runs from the Schuylkill Expressway in a southwesterly direction, crossing US 30 in Frazer.

SEPTA also commissions suburban buses on Routes 105 and 106 to run from the 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby to Rosemont (Route 105) and Paoli (Route 106). These buses run almost entirely along Lancaster Avenue.

SEPTA also offers light rail service through the Norristown High Speed Line. The Norristown High Speed Line runs along the Main Line from Upper Darby to Ithan Avenue Station and Villanova Station before making a northward turn at the junction of Lancaster Avenue and the Blue Route toward Norristown.

Recreation and attractions

 The Appleford Estate: A 300-year-old  estate located in Villanova. Today it is maintained as an arboretum and a bird sanctuary. Its gardens were designed by renowned landscape architect Thomas Warren Sears and include woods, meadows, formal gardens, brick walkways, rhododendron tracts, a stream, pond, and waterfall. Admission is free of charge and the house is available as a rental for special events.
 The Barnes Arboretum in Merion.
Bryn Mawr Film Institute: A non-profit community theater founded in 2002 in the old Bryn Mawr Theater building, built in 1926, which is in the process of significant restoration. The institute offers showings of classic movies of the 20th century, opera, film education courses, and film discussions.
The Cynwyd Heritage Trail is a  linear 'rail-to-trail' park which opened in 2011. The trail intersects with roads, bridges, neighborhoods, parks, railway stations, historic mills, and the West Laurel Hill and Westminster Cemeteries. The trail also connects to the pedestrian-only Manayunk Bridge on the Schuylkill River, which opened in 2015.
Chanticleer Garden: An estate and botanical garden located in Wayne, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Devon Horse Show: The oldest and largest multi-breed horse show in the U.S.
Harriton House: Located in Bryn Mawr, was built in 1704 by a Welsh Quaker named Rowland Ellis. He named the estate "Bryn Mawr", meaning "high hill" in Welsh, which is where the community gained its name. The house's best known occupant was Charles Thomson, the first and only secretary of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
Historic Waynesborough: Revolutionary war hero Anthony Wayne's historic estate. Alternatively known as Waynesborough, this is where Anthony Wayne was born. It is registered as a National Historic Landmark and is a historic house museum.
Jenkins Arboretum: A nonprofit botanical garden located in Devon.
King of Prussia Mall located in King of Prussia is the third-largest mall in terms of retail space in America and is only a short distance away from the Main Line.
The Lower Merion Academy was built in 1812, and is a 3.5 story, five bay, stuccoed stone building with cupola in the Federal style. It was renovated in 1938, in the Colonial Revival style.  Located in Bala Cynwyd, it is still used for educational purposes and now also houses The Lower Merion Historical Society.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.  The free education provided to local children in the Academy predated Pennsylvania's state laws mandating free public schooling (1834-1836).
Completed in 1715, The Merion Friends Meeting House, in Merion Station, is the third oldest Quaker Meeting House in the United States.  It is still in active use by the Society of Friends. The property also includes stables and a cemetery, with an estimated 2,000 burials (many of which are unmarked in accordance with early Quaker custom). Construction began in 1695, and the meeting house exhibits distinctively Welsh architectural features, including a cross- or T-shape building plan, that distinguish it from later Quaker meeting houses. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1999.
The Woodmont Estate

Sporting and social clubs

Private clubs played an important role in the development of the Main Line, offering social gathering places and facilities for cricket, golf, tennis, squash, and horseback riding to wealthy or socially connected families. Among them are:
 Aronimink Golf Club
 Merion Cricket Club
 Merion Golf Club: Ranked America's 7th best golf course in 2008 and hosted the U.S. Open in 2013.
 Overbrook Golf Club
 Philadelphia Country Club: One of the first 100 golf courses established in the USA. Hosted the 1939 U.S. Open.
 Philadelphia Main Line 20's and 30's Suburban Social Group: The largest young adult social club in the area. Open in 2021.
 Radnor Hunt: the oldest active foxhunting group in the United States
 Waynesborough Country Club

Education
The school districts that serve the Main Line are Lower Merion School District in Montgomery County, Radnor Township School District and School District of Haverford Township in Delaware County, and Tredyffrin/Easttown School District and Great Valley School District in Chester County. The region has numerous nationally ranked public and private schools.  Among them are:

Public High Schools
 Great Valley High School
 Conestoga High School (Tredyffrin/Easttown SD)
 Harriton High School (Lower Merion SD)
 Lower Merion High School
 Radnor High School

Private Schools
 Academy of Notre Dame de Namur (Girls)
 Agnes Irwin School (Girls)
 The Baldwin School (Girls)
 Delaware Valley Friends School
 Devon Preparatory School (Boys)
 Holy Child School at Rosemont (Preschool-grade 8)
 Malvern Preparatory School (Boys)
 Merion Mercy Academy (Girls)
 Episcopal Academy
 Friends' Central School
 The Haverford School (Boys)
 The Mesivta High School (Boys)
 Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy (Co-ed)
 Kohelet Yeshiva High School (Co-ed)
 The Phelps School (Boys)
 Sacred Heart Academy Bryn Mawr (Girls)
 The Shipley School
 Valley Forge Military Academy
 Villa Maria Academy (Girls)
 Woodlynde School (Co-ed)

Parochial Schools
 Archbishop John Carroll High School
 SS Colman-John Neumann School (Pre-K~8)
 St. Aloysius Academy (Boys, Pre-K~8)
 St. Katharine of Siena School (Pre-K~8)
 St. Margaret's School (Pre-K~8)
 St. Monica's School (Pre-K~8)
 St. Norbert's School (Pre-K~8)
 St. Patrick's School (Pre-K~8)

Higher education

 Bryn Mawr College
 Cabrini University
 Eastern University
 Harcum College
 Haverford College
 Immaculata University
 Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies
 Rosemont College
 Saint Joseph's University
 St. Charles Borromeo Seminary
 Valley Forge Military Academy and College
 Villanova University

In popular culture

Film

1940–1989
The Philadelphia Story (1940)
Kitty Foyle (1940)
South Pacific (1958): Character "Lt. Joe Cable, USMC" is from Ardmore
The Young Philadelphians (1959)
The Happiest Millionaire (1967)
Obsession (1976)
Grease (1978): Loosely based on Radnor, PA
Taps (1981): Filmed at VFMA, featuring scenes in Wayne (at Farmers Market and North Wayne Avenue)
Trading Places (1983)
Mannequin (1987)

1990–present
Downtown (1990): Set in Bryn Mawr and filmed in Philadelphia
Philadelphia (1993): Tom Hanks's character celebrates Thanksgiving at his family home in Lower Merion
To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995): The setting for Patrick Swayze's character's family home is Bala Cynwyd, with those scenes filmed in Montclair, New Jersey.
Wide Awake (1998): M. Night Shyamalan movie, filmed at his alma mater, Waldron Mercy Academy
The Sixth Sense (1999): The wake scene was set in Bryn Mawr.
In Her Shoes (2005): Toni Collette's character attends a Main Line wedding and jokes about what she should wear.
Pride (2007)
Dare (2009)
Happy Tears (2009)
Tenure (2009)
The Art of the Steal (2009): Documentary chronicling the acquisition and emigration of the Barnes art collection from Merion to Philadelphia.
The Lovely Bones (film)
Foxcatcher (2014)
Split (2016)

Literature
A Stranger Is Watching: The main character's murdered wife Nina grew up in a wealthy Philadelphia Main Line Family. In the book, it mentions that Nina went to Bryn Mawr College.
Blackbird Sisters, mystery novels by Nancy Martin
Bobos in Paradise, by David Brooks
Official Preppy Handbook, by Lisa Birnbach
The Pretty Little Liars series, by Sara Shepard, which uses the fictional Main Line suburb of Rosewood as its setting.
Pterodactyls, by Nicky Silver. The play is set in a Main Line house.
Song of Solomon, by Toni Morrison. The character First Corinthians is educated at Bryn Mawr College.
The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger. Valley Forge Military Academy (where Salinger attended for two years) is the basis for Pencey Prep.  Additionally, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, believes Jane Gallagher to have gone to Shipley, a Main Line private school.
The It Girl, by Cecily von Ziegesar
The Lovely Bones, by Alice Sebold
The Man of My Dreams, by Curtis Sittenfeld
The Badge of Honor Series, by W.E.B. Griffin. The main character, Matt Payne, is from Merion.
Americanah, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The main character gets assaulted by a tennis coach in Ardmore and subsequently works as a nanny on the Main Line (possibly Merion)
Luckiest Girl Alive, by Jessica Knoll, which uses the Main Line and the fictional Bradley School, based on The Shipley School, as its setting
The Ginger Barnes Main Line Mysteries, by Donna Huston Murray, take place in the Philadelphia Main Line.
 That Summer by Jennifer Weiner

Television
All My Children, Soap opera which aired from 1970 to 2011, set in a fictional suburb of Philadelphia, named Pine Valley and modeled after the town of Rosemont.
Broad City: Co-creator and co-star Abbi Jacobson is from Wayne.
Made
My Super Sweet 16
One Life to Live
Thirtysomething
Pretty Little Liars, as with the book, set in fictional Rosewood based on the city Rosemont, Pennsylvania and modeled after the town of Wayne, Pennsylvania.
How to Get Away with Murder
Mad Men: Betty Draper, Don Draper's wife in seasons one through three, is said to be from Lower Merion Township and to have attended Bryn Mawr.

Notable residents

Arts
Tory Burch, fashion designer and New York City socialite
Albert C. Barnes, physician, chemist, businessman, art collector, writer, educator, and founder of the Barnes Foundation
Walter Annenberg, newspaper and magazine publisher (Triangle Publications), ambassador, billionaire, philanthropist
Gloria Braggiotti Etting, author, photographer, hostess, and wife of artist Emlen Etting

Business
Ronald Perelman, billionaire, controlling owner of MacAndrews & Forbes and Revlon
J. Howard Pew, son of Joseph N. Pew, founder of Sun Oil Company, and co-founder of The Pew Charitable Trusts
John B. Thayer, cricketer, Pennsylvania Railroad VP (lost on the )
Edward T. Welburn, Vice President of Global Design, General Motors
John C. Bogle, founder and CEO of the Vanguard Group
Alexander Cassatt, former president of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Clement Acton Griscom, prominent 19th-century American shipping magnate, businessman, whose home, Dolobran in Haverford is noted for its architecture

Entertainment
David Boreanaz, actor
The family of Georg Ludwig von Trapp, the family depicted in The Sound of Music
Chubby Checker, musician
Gideon Glick, actor
Patti LaBelle, musician
Teddy Pendergrass, musician
M. Night Shyamalan, film director
Abbi Jacobson, co-star and co-creator of Comedy Central television series Broad City
Kate DiCamillo, children's book author
Anne Francine, actress and singer

Military / government / science
Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II; General of the Army, General of the Air Force
John Hickenlooper, governor of Colorado
Bill Folger, Founder, American Society for the Adoption of the Metric System
Pete Conrad, NASA astronaut; third man to walk on the Moon
Alexander Haig, U.S. Secretary of State, White House Chief of Staff, Supreme Allied Commander Europe
Charles Thomson, secretary of the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1789
Harris Wofford, former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania
David Eisenhower and Julie Nixon Eisenhower
Oscar Goodman, mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada
Andy Hertzfeld, computer scientist (Apple)
Hilary Koprowski, polio vaccine pioneer
Anthony Wayne, US Army officer and statesman

Sports
 Mark Herzlich, NFL football player
 Kyle Eckel, NFL football player
 Julius Erving, Hall of Fame NBA basketball player
 Kobe Bryant, Hall of Fame NBA basketball player
 Richie Ashburn, Hall of Fame baseball player with the Philadelphia Phillies and Phillies broadcaster
 Hobart "Hobey" Baker, amateur hockey and football player, member of the Hockey Hall of Fame
 Kyle Korver, NBA basketball player
 Allen Iverson, Hall of Fame NBA basketball player
 Jeffrey Lurie, owner of the Philadelphia Eagles football team
 Emlen Tunnell, member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a player, born in Bryn Mawr
 John Spagnola, former NFL football player
 Andy Reid, head coach of the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles and the Kansas City Chiefs
 Edward M. Snider, chairman of Comcast Spectacor, Philadelphia Flyers
 Jay Wright, head coach of the Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team

References

Further reading

American upper class
Geography of Philadelphia
History of Philadelphia

Regions of Pennsylvania
Transportation in Philadelphia
Upper class culture in Pennsylvania

Philadelphia Main Line


Hægriflokkurinn, Højre var danskur stjórnmálaflokkur eða stjórnmálahreyfing um miðbik nítjándu aldar. Nokkrir af fyrstu forsætisráðherrum Danmerkur tengdust flokknum beint eða óbeins.

Saga
De nationalliberale flokkur frjálslyndra þjóðernissinna í Danmörku varð til á fimmta áratug nítjándu aldar um baráttuna gegn einveldi en fyrir viðskiptafrelsi og þingbundinni konungsstjórn. Andstæðingar þessara hugmynda vildu standa vörð um hið "milda og upplýsta einveldi", mögulega þó með einhverjum minniháttar umbótum. Eftir marsbyltinguna 1848 var þessi hópur einu nafni kenndur við Hægri.

Þrátt fyrir að vera á öndverðum meiði í ýmsum málum, svo sem varðandi stjórnarskránna frá 1849 ákváðu fylkingarnar tvær að mynda saman ríkisstjórn í mars 1848 vegna fyrra Slésvíkurstríðsins sem stóð frá 1848-50.

Þegar leið á sjötta áratuginn urðu De nationalliberale jafnt og þétt sterkari í stjórnarsamstarfinu og máttu heita allsráðandi frá 1857. Flokkur þeirra hóf þegar að gera ýmsar breytingar á dönsku samfélagi að sínu höfði, en leiddu landið að lokum inn í síðara Slésvíkurstríðið árið 1864 sem setti dönsk stjórnmál á annan endann.

Flokkur frjálslyndra þjóðernissinna var í tætlum vegna stríðsins og myndaði Hægrimaðurinn Christian Albrecht Bluhme ríkisstjórn sem var við völd frá 1846-66. Hægriflokkurinn sjálfur var þó saddur lífdaga. Stórlandeigendur í hópi flokksmanna mynduðu sína eigin hreyfingu sem átti eftir að stjórna landinu næstu áratugi, nokkur hluti flokksmanna gekk til liðs við hinn vængbrotna frjálslynda þjóðernissinna og hópur íhaldssamra bænda gekk til liðs við Miðflokkinn, Mellempartiet.

Miðað er við að Hægriflokkurinn hafi liðið undir lok árið 1866. Hafa ber þó í huga að stjórnmálaflokkar þessara ára voru mun ófermlegri stofnanir en síðar tíðkaðist. Þannig var ekki um eiginlegar flokssstofnanir að ræða og sagnfræðingar geta deilt um hvaða stjórnmálamenn hafi í raun talist til einstakra flokka.

Danskir stjórnmálaflokkar

Hægriflokkurinn (1848-1866)


Enriqueta sí, Enriqueta no es una obra de teatro de género comedia policiaca de enredo de Jorge Llopis, estrenada en 1954.

Argumento

La obra se desarrolla íntegramente en la habitación de un hotel, en la que aparece el cadáver de Otilia. De repente, parece que todos los personajes de la obra pueden ser declarados culpables del crimen, ya que unos amaban y otros odiaban a la difunta. Incluso su propia hermana Enriqueta la describe como una mujer odiosa y malvada.

Estreno

 Teatro Serrano, Valencia, 8 de septiembre de 1954.
 Dirección: Salvador Soler Marí .
 Lugar de la acción: Capital de provincias.
 Intérpretes: Modesto Blanch, Milagros Leal, Miguel Gamez, Conchita Soto, Mari Luz Jardiel Poncela, Rafael Borque.

Adaptaciones televisivas

 3 de agosto 1973, en el espacio Estudio 1, de TVE, con dirección y realización de Pilar Miró. Intérpretes: Amparo Baró, Guillermo Marín, Enriqueta Carballeira, Emilio Laguna, Miguel Ángel, Mari Paz Ballesteros, Ramón Corroto, Nela Conjiu, Pedro del Río, Clara Suñer, Alberto Alonso, Magda Rotger y Alberto Fernández.

Referencias

 Aquellas colecciones teatrales.

Sección Agenda del número del 4 de agosto de 1973 de Blanco y Negro.

 PÉREZ MILLÁN, Juan Antonio: Pilar Miró: directora de cine; pág. 331.
 Reproducción, en Google Libros.

Enlaces externos

 LLOPIS, Jorge: Enriqueta sí, Enriqueta no, enigma policiaquísimo en 3 actos.
 Representación ofrecida por TVE en la emisión del 3 de agosto de 1973 de Estudio 1.
 Otra copia.
 Otra copia.

Obras de teatro de España
Obras de teatro del siglo XX
Obras de teatro de 1954
Obras de teatro en español
Literatura de España del siglo XX
Obras de teatro ambientadas en el siglo XX
Obras de teatro ambientadas en España
Obras de teatro adaptadas a la televisión

Enriqueta sí, Enriqueta no


was a town located in Iinan District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,965 and a density of 78.15 persons per km2. The total area was 76.33 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Iinan, along the towns of Mikumo and Ureshino (both from Ichishi District), and the town of Iitaka (also from Iinan District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsusaka and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links
 Official website of Matsusaka

Dissolved municipalities of Mie Prefecture

Iinan, Mie


Mei-Po Kwan, née en , est géographe, géomaticienne et professeure de géographie. Ses recherches portent sur la santé, l'environnement, les mobilités et les sciences de l'information géographique.

Elle est en faveur d'une utilisation féministe des systèmes d'information géographique.

Biographie
Après un bachelor de géographie en 1985 à l'université chinoise de Hong Kong, Mei-Po Kwan obtient un master en aménagement du territoire de l'université de Californie à Los Angeles en 1989 puis un doctorat de géographie de l'université de Californie à Santa Barbara en 1994.

Carrière
Mei-Po Kwan est professeure de géographie et SIG à l'université d'Illinois.

Elle est aussi professeure de géographie et de gestion des ressources et directrice de l'Institut des sciences de l'information spatiale et terrestre à l'université chinoise de Hong Kong.

Elle enseigne les SIG.

Travaux scientifiques
Mei-Po Kwan travaille sur des questions environnementales, de santé, de durabilité, de mobilités et de Système d'information géographique (SIG).

Elle a découvert le problème du contexte géographique incertain (UGCoP) et le problème de la moyenne de l'effet de voisinage (NEAP).

Ses projets récents examinent les impacts sur la santé de l'exposition environnementale individuelle (par exemple, le bruit, la pollution de l'air, les espaces verts), la protection des données privées géolocalisées à travers le développement d'une enclave de données virtuelles géospatiales (GVDE) et la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la Covid-19.

Théorie et critiques des SIG
Mei-Po Kwan défend l'idée de la possibilité d'un usage critique, et notamment féministe, des systèmes d'information géographique.

Mei-Po Kwan fait partie, avec Susan Hanson, Nadine Schuurman, Gerry Pratt et Marianna Pavlovskaya des géographes anglophones promouvant les SIG comme outils de la géographie féministe.

Suivant les travaux de Donna Haraway et contrairement à d'autres géographes féministes (comme Gillian Rose et Alison Blunt), elle prône l'idée, avec Nadine Schuurman, que la cartographie et les technologies géonumériques ne sont pas masculinistes en soi mais seulement du fait de leurs usages. Ce faisant, les géographes féministes devraient selon elles s'en emparer pour en faire des techniques féministes.

Leurs travaux montrent aussi que les SIG ne sont pas qu'un outil de recherche quantitatif mais qu'ils ont aussi des potentialités dans les domaines qualitatifs.

Responsabilités scientifiques
Mei-Po Kwan est éditrice spécialiste des méthodes, modèles et SIG de la revue scientifique Annals of the American Association of Geographers de janvier 2006 à fin 2017.

En 2013, elle fonde l'International Geospatial Health Research Network (IGHRN).

Distinctions et bourses

Elle reçoit de nombreux financements de la Fondation nationale pour la science.

Principales publications

Ouvrages et chapitres

Articles

Notes et références

Articles connexes

 Géographie du genre
 Système d'information géographique
 Liste de femmes géographes
 Louise Johnson
 Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt
 Gopa Samanta
 Brenda Yeoh
 Jacqueline Coutras

Liens externes

 Page personnelle sur le site de l'université chinoise de Hong Kong

Femme géographe
Géographe américain du XXe siècle
Géographe américain du XXIe siècle
Naissance en 1962
Système d'information géographique
Boursier Guggenheim

Mei-Po Kwan


Prvenstvo se igralo dvokružno. Prvenstvo je osvojila GŠNK Mladost Petrinja, te kroz kvalifikacije izborila promociju u viši rang. Iz lige su ispali NK Radnik Majur i NK Zrinski Odra Sisačka.

Tablica

Rezultati

Kvalifikacije za 4. nogometnu ligu Središte Zagreb
15. lipnja 2017.: NK Stubica Donja Stubica - GŠNK Mladost Petrinja 0:2
18. lipnja 2017.: GŠNK Mladost Petrinja - NK Stubica Donja Stubica 5:1

U 4. nogometnu ligu Središte Zagreb se plasirala GŠNK Mladost Petrinja.

Izvori

 Glasilo #18/2017 Nogometnog Saveza Sisačko-moslavačke županije
 RSSSF.com

2016-17
sisačko-moslavačka-1

1. ŽNL Sisačko-moslavačka 2016./17.


الحشرج وعاء يحفظ فيه الماء.
 المِبرد أداة البَرْد.
المبرّد مادة التبريد.
 المبرد عضو تشريحي في الرخويات.
 المبرد نحوي

مبرد (توضيح)


Casais em Apuros é um reality show brasileiro exibido pela RecordTV no ano de 2023, sendo comandado pelo apresentador Rodrigo Faro. É incorporado ao programa de televisão Hora do Faro.  É exibido nas tardes de domingo, tendo estreado pela primeira vez em 16 de abril de 2023  substituindo o Famosas em Apuros.

Exibição

Formato
Depois do sucesso do Famosas em Apuros, onde três celebridades passaram por perrengues exóticos em um lugar distante e sem conforto, Dessa vez, três casais famosos vão passar por vários apuros, com direito a muito improviso e superação!

Além de todos os perrengues, elas ainda precisam conquistar o coração do público, que tem a chance de votar, por meio do R7, em seu casal preferido para ganhar o prêmio de R$ 50 mil.

Audiência

Participantes
Famosas em Apuros conta até o momento com com 6 casais oficiais (12 participantes no total)..

Reality shows do Brasil
Programas da RecordTV

Casais em Apuros


L'exécution de la place de la Vieille-Ville (tchèque : Staroměstská exekuce) est l'exécution de 27 dirigeants de Bohême (trois nobles, sept chevaliers et 17 bourgeois) de la révolte de Bohême par la maison autrichienne de Habsbourg survenue le 21 juin 1621 sur la place de la Vieille-Ville de Prague.

Après la défenestration de Prague en 1618 et le soulèvement protestant qui a suivi des domaines de Bohême contre les Habsbourg catholiques ayant entraîné la guerre de Trente Ans et une défaite finale à la bataille de la Montagne-Blanche, les Habsbourg ont pris leur revanche et exécuté certains des principaux dirigeants du soulèvement, bien que la peine de certains ait été réduite et que d'autres ait été graciés.

Exécution
L'exécution des 27 dirigeants du soulèvement des états de Bohême a commencé le 21 juin 1621 à Prague sur la place de la Vieille-Ville. Le bourreau était un utraquiste, ils pouvaient donc prier avant l'exécution. Joachim Andreas von Schlick a été décapité en premier. Cela a été suivi par l'exécution de Jan Jesenius, dont la langue a été coupée en premier, puis il a été décapité. Son corps fut écartelé et les parties empalées sur des pieux. Jan Jesenius a été puni le plus sévèrement pour plusieurs raisons : premièrement, il a persuadé la Hongrie de rompre avec l'empereur et deuxièmement, il a écrit un traité politico-philosophique Pro vindiciis contra tyrannos (en français : Un tyran peut-il être renversé par le peuple ?). D'autres ont été décapités par l'épée ; certains d'entre eux ont eu la main droite coupée en premier. Les membres de l'Unité des Frères furent pendus, ce qui fut pour eux la mort la plus honteuse.

Des corps sans tête ont été remis aux familles, qui les ont enterrés. Douze têtes ont été placées dans des paniers de fer et attachées par le bourreau à la . Les têtes y étaient accrochées jusqu'à l'invasion de l'armée saxonne en 1631.

Le greffier municipal Mikuláš Diviš a été cloué à la potence par la langue pendant une heure pour avoir accueilli Frédéric V du Palatinat à son arrivée à Prague. Certains nobles impliqués dans le soulèvement se sont enfuis en exil, comme Heinrich Matthias von Thurn.  devait également être exécuté, mais il s'est suicidé en sautant de la tour blanche du château de Prague.

Liste des exécutés

Nobles
 Joachim Andreas von Schlick

Chevaliers

Bourgeois

 Jan Jesenius

Conséquences

L'exécution ne fut qu'une des conséquences de la révolte de Bohême, qui échoua. D'autres conséquences furent la possession de la couronne royale de Bohême aux mains des Habsbourg (maintenant héréditaire), ce qui signifiait encore près de 300 ans de leur domination. Une autre conséquence majeure a été la recatholisation ultérieure, et puisque 75 à 90% des bohémiens étaient protestants, cela signifiait une grande vague d'émigrants (qui constituait la majorité de l'intelligence bohémienne). La langue allemande a été rendue pleinement égale à la langue tchèque, de sorte que la germanisation de l'ensemble de la population (pas seulement la noblesse) a également été réalisée.

L'épée du bourreau, sur la lame de laquelle sont gravés les noms des onze exécutés, se trouve dans les collections de la Maison Hus (Husův dům) à Prague. Cependant, il est probable qu'il s'agisse d'une fausse épée, car dans la liste sur la lame est gravé le nom de Jan Kutnauer, qui a en fait été pendu.

A cette époque, il y avait une lutte pour l'équilibre en Europe, l'Europe était divisée en monarchie catholique et protestante, absolutiste et successions. Le soulèvement lui-même a déclenché un conflit vers lequel les pouvoirs se dirigeaient déjà. L'exécution sur la place de la Vieille-Ville a célébré pour le parti hispano-catholique le triomphe de la victoire. Finalement, dans la guerre de Trente Ans, il n'y a eu ni gagnants ni perdants, ne laissant qu'une Europe ruinée.

Notes et références

Juin 1621
Histoire de Prague

Exécution de la place de la Vieille-Ville


الصوف الزجاجي هي مواد عازلة حراريا تصنع من ألياف الزجاج الملبدة على وجه مشابه لألياف الصوف. ينتج الصوف الزجاجي بشكل ألواح أو شرائح ملفوفة ذات خصائص عزل حراري وميكيانيكية مختلفة.

التكوين والشكل العام

الصوف الزجاجى هو مادة ناتجة عن طريق صهر الزجاج ثم تحويله إلى ألياف لا يزيد قطرها عن 10 ميكرون بطريقة الطرد المركزي ويتم تشكيل الالواح شبه الجاسئة بإضافة مواد رابطة الي الياف الصوف الزجاجي وقد تحتوي هذة الالواح علي اغلفة للحماية (من رقائق الالومنيوم العاكسة أو رقائق البولي ايثيلين أو الورق المقوي المقاوم للاشتعال ) ويتوافر الصوف الزجاجي في عدة صور تستخدم للعزل الحراري مثل :
الالياف السائبة، الحصائر المخاطة، اللباد، الالواح الجاسئة.

الخصائص الحرارية والميكانيكية
 الموصلية الحرارية 	:تتراوح بين 0.043 و 0.078 (وات/ م.س) عند درجات الحرارة من 50 الي 200 س.
 الكثافة : للالواح شبة الجاسئة لا تقل عن 72 (كجم / م3). اللباد أقل من 32 (كجم/م3) - للالياف السائبة تحت حمل 1.,. (كجم/سم2) تبلغ 130 (كجم/م3)
 امتصاص الرطوبة 	:النسبة المئوية لامتصاص الرطوبة لا تزيد عن 5 % بالوزن للاغطية واللباد.
 مقاومة الحريق 	:الواح الصوف الزجاجى غير قابلة للاشتعال وعند وصول درجة الحرارة إلى 400س تحترق المواد الرابطة العضوية.
 مقاومة الانضغاط 	:يكون الحد الادنى لمقاومة الانضغاط للالواح 1.4 كجم/سم2 عند 10% ترخيم (14,. نيوتن/مم2).

الصحة والسلامة
الصوف الزجاجى غير قابل للاحتراق ولا ينتج عنة غازات ضارة ولكن الياف الصوف الزجاجي التي تكون عادة على شكل إبر رفيعة ضارة بالجلد عند تداولها بشكل مباشر أثناء التصنيع وقد تسبب تهيجات شديدة للجلد وفي حالة إستنشاق الألياف عند التنفس تسبب مرض الالتهاب الشعبي وخصوصاً للأشخاص المدخنين لذلك يلزم إتباع الإرشادات التالية :

 ارتداء غطاء للوجه والعين وكمامات للأنف.
 ارتداء قفازات وملابس واقية للجلد.
 يراعى عدم تطاير الألياف السائبة عند استعمالها بواسطة الرياح أو ماكينات ضخ الهواء المستعملة بالموقع.

استخداماته في مجال البناء والمجالات المختلفة
الألياف السائبة تستخدم في حشو فراغات الحوائط المزدوجة كما يستخدم في صورة ألواح لعزل الأسطح والجدران وفي صورة اسطوانات لعزل أنابيب التكييف والتبريد ومواسير المياه الساخنة والغلايات.

مراجع

ألياف النسيج
أنواع الزجاج
مواد عزل البناء

صوف زجاجي


Köroğlu aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir

 Köroğlu, 16. yüzyılda Anadolu'da yaşamış bir halk ozanı
 Köroğlu destanı, bir halk destanı
 Köroğlu (albüm), Ruhi Su'nun bir albümü
 Köroğlu (film), Atıf Yılmaz filmi (1968)
 Köroğlu (film, 1945), filmi (1945)
 Köroğlu Dağlar Kartalı, 1963 yapımı Türkân Şoray ve Fikret Hakan'ın baş rollerini oynadığı Türk filmi
 Köroğlu (opera, Hacıbeyov), Azeri bestecisi Üzeyir Hacıbeyov'un bestelediği bir opera eseri
 Köroğlu (opera, Saygun), Türk besteci Adnan Saygun'un bestelediği bir opera eseri

Yerleşim yerleri
 Köroğlu, Şenkaya, Erzurum ili Şenkaya ilçesine bağlı köy
 Köroğlu, Sarıkamış, Kars ili Sarıkamış ilçesine bağlı köy
 Köroğlu, İnebolu, Kastamonu ili İnebolu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Köroğlu, Kangal, Sivas ili Kangal ilçesine bağlı köy
 Köroğlu, Zonguldak, Zonguldak ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Köroğlu, Çamoluk, Giresun ili Çamoluk ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Kişiler
 Akın İsmail Köroğlu (d. 1990), Türk futbolcu
 Çetin Köroğlu (1930–2011), Türk tiyatro, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu
 Derya Köroğlu (d. 1955), Türk müzisyen
 Gülgün Köroğlu (d. 19??), Türk sanat tarihçisi, akademisyen ve yazar
 Hüseyin Köroğlu (d. 1964), Türk tiyatro, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu
 Mediha Köroğlu (1931–2006), Türk tiyatro oyuncusu

Türkçe soyadları

Köroğlu (anlam ayrımı)


ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ) was a Soviet clone of the IBM PC in the 1980s. The ES PEVM models lineup also included analogues of IBM PC XT, IBM PC AT, IBM XT/370.

The computers and software were adapted in Minsk, Belarus, at the Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Computer Machines (НИИ ЭВМ).

They were manufactured in Minsk as well, at Minsk Production Group for Computing Machinery (Минское производственное объединение вычислительной техники (МПО ВТ)).

Description

The first models of ES PEVM (ES-1840, ES-1841, ES-1842), unlike the IBM PC, had two units: a system unit and a floppy drives unit. These models used a backplane instead of the main board. Although the system bus was compatible with ISA bus, it used a different type of connector, so the IBM PC expansion cards could not be installed in ES PEVM.
Later models (ES-1843, ES-1849 etc.) were fully compatible with IBM PC XT and IBM PC AT.

Unlike IBM PC using the Intel 8088 processor, the early ES PEVM models used K1810VM86 processor with a 16-bit bus and a clock frequency of 5 MHz. The processor was placed on a separate board. Early versions of the board did not have a socket for the floating point coprocessor.

The following boards were produced for ES-1840 and ES-1841:
 CPU board (containing 54 chips). It was installed in every configuration of the computer.
 128 KiB RAM board. It was installed in early models of ES PEVM.
 512 KiB RAM board (containing 110 chips). Variants with 256 KiB or 128 Kib were available.
 MDA adapter board (containing 91 chips). It was built using the Bulgarian CM607 chip (MC6845 clone).
 CGA adapter board (containing 94 chips).
 Floppy-drive adapter board (containing 32 chips). It was built using the Bulgarian CM609 chip (Intel 8272 clone).
 Serial interface adapter board (containing 56 chips). It was electrically incompatible with the IBM PC COM port and was not supported in the BIOS.

Volume of production for a number of models:

Software
The computers were shipped with AlphaDOS, an entirely Russified version of MS-DOS/PC DOS 2.x and 3.x. All commands were entered in Russian, for example, СМЕНКАТ for CHDIR. Files and file extensions were also in Russian, such as АТРИБ.ИСП for ATTRIB.EXE. The operating system used the main code page, hardwired into the display ROM; it was compatible neither with CP 866 nor CP 855, although partially with ISO/IEC 8859-5.

Reliability
Early models of ES PEVM were prone to failures due to manufacturing defects. The mean time between failures MTBF was around 350 hours.

See also
 History of computer hardware in Eastern Bloc countries
 ES EVM

References

IBM PC compatibles
Science and technology in Belarus
Ministry of Radio Industry (USSR) computers

ES PEVM


Campanula dichotoma er einær tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Miðjarðarhafssvæðinu (Marokkó, Túnis, Alsír, Ítalía og Baleareyjum).

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Campanula dichotoma


El XI Campeonato Mundial de Tiro con Arco en Sala se celebró en Las Vegas (Estados Unidos) entre el 5 y el 9 de febrero de 200 bajo la organización de la Federación Internacional de Tiro con Arco (FITA) y la Asociación Estadounidense de Tiro con Arco.

Las competiciones se realizaron en las instalaciones del Hotel South Point de la ciudad estadounidense.

Resultados

Masculino

Femenino

Medallero

Enlaces externos
Pág. oficial (en inglés).
Resultados en la pág de la FITA (en inglés).

S 2012
Tiro con arco en Estados Unidos
Tiro con arco en 2012
Deporte en Estados Unidos en 2012
Eventos deportivos en Las Vegas

Campeonato Mundial de Tiro con Arco en Sala de 2012


Tannerus ist ein Einschlagkrater im Süden der Mondvorderseite, östlich von Jacobi und südwestlich von Asclepi.
Der Kraterrand ist erodiert, der Kraterboden eben.

Der Krater wurde erstmals 1651 von Giovanni Riccioli nach dem Ingolstädter Kontroverstheologen und Jesuiten Adam Tanner benannt, dessen wesentliches historisches Verdienst heute in seiner grundlegenden Kritik an der Hexenverfolgung gesehen wird. Der Jesuit Riccioli begründete die Namensgebung allerdings mit Tanners Verdiensten um die theologische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Luthertum, in seinen Worten "den Häretikern".

Beer und Mädler strichen in ihrer Selenographie von 1837 den Namen des "wüthenden Ketzerjägers", was sie auch damit begründeten, dass sich nicht feststellen lasse, welchen Krater Riccioli genau gemeint habe. Der Selenograph Edmund Neison führte den Namen wieder ein. 1935 wurde der Krater schließlich von der IAU offiziell nach Tanner benannt. Die Nebenkrater erhielten ihre IAU-Namen 2006.

Weblinks

 Tannerus auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Tannerus (Mondkrater)


An Habenaria pseudofilifera in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Roberto González Tamayo ngan Cuev.-fig.. An Habenaria pseudofilifera in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria pseudofilifera


Selime Katedrali, Aksaray ili Güzelyurt ilçesi Selime köyündedir.

Kayalara oyulmuş yüksek bir yerde olan, içinde iki sıra halinde sütunlar mevcut bir katedraldir. Bu sütunlar katedrali üç sahana ayırmıştır. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı'na bağlı bir müzedir. Giriş ücretlidir.

Aksaray'daki kiliseler
Türkiye'deki katedraller
Güzelyurt

Selime Katedrali


Ljudska sudbina (, transliteracija: Sudba Čeloveka) je kratka priča koju je napisao sovjetski ruski pisac Mihail Šolohov 1956.

Radnja
Kada izbija Velikoi domovinski rat, vozač kamiona Andrej Sokolov mora otići u vojsku i rastati se od svoje obitelji. U prvim mjesecima rata biva ranjen i zarobljavaju ga nacisti. U zatočeništvu proživljava sav teret koncentracijskog logora. Zbog svoje hrabrosti koju je pokazao načelniku logora kada je odbio piti s njim za pobjedu nacističke vojske, izbjegava njegovo smaknuće i, na kraju, bježi od nacista. Na kratkom odmoru u rodnom gradu Sokolov doznaje da su njegova voljena žena Irina i obje kćeri poginule tijekom bombardiranja. Odmah se vraća na ratište, ne može više ostati u rodnom gradu. Jedinu obitelj koji Andrej još ima je njegov sin, koji služi kao časnik u vojsci. Upravo na Dan pobjede, Andrej prima vijest da mu je sin ubijen posljednjeg dana rata. Nakon rata, usamljeni Andrej Sokolov ne vraća se u svoj grad i radi negdje drugdje. Upoznaje malog dječaka Vanju koji je ostao siroče. Majka mu je umrla, a otac nestao u borbi. Sokolov kaže dječaku da mu je on otac, što dječaku (i njemu samom) daje nadu za novi život.

Pozadina
Radnja priče temelji se na stvarnim događajima. U proljeće 1946. godine Šolohov je u lovu upoznao čovjeka koji mu je ispričao ovu priču. Šolohov je bio potresen i rekao je: "Napisat ću kratku priču o tome, sigurno hoću." Deset godina kasnije, nakon što je pročitao nekoliko kratkih priča Hemingwaya i Remarquea, Šolohov je za sedam dana napisao Ljudsku sudbinu.

Filmska adaptacija
Godine 1959. priču je ekranizirao Sergej Bondarčuk, koji je tu igrao i glavnu ulogu. Film Ljudska sudbina nagrađen je glavnom nagradom na Moskovskom filmskom festivalu 1959. godine i otvorio je Bondarčuku put do većih naslova.

Izvori

Ruska književnost

Ljudska sudbina (kratka priča)


El bulbul de Xavier (Phyllastrephus xavieri) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Pycnonotidae propia de África.

Puede ser encontrada en los siguientes países: Camerún, República Centroafricana, República del Congo, República Democrática del Congo, Guinea Ecuatorial, Gabón, Nigeria, Tanzania y Uganda.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

xavieri
Aves de África
Animales descritos en 1892
Taxones descritos por Émile Oustalet

Phyllastrephus xavieri


كارييا مدينة تقع ضمن محافظة آيتشي في اليابان، تأسست في 4/1/1950، بلغ عدد تعداد سكانها في 1 يناير – 2008 حوالي 145117 مساحتها الإجمالية حوالي 50.45 كم2 لتصبح كثافة سكانها 2876 نسمة لكل كيلو متر مربع.

جغرافيا
تقع كاريا في وسط محافظة ايتشى.

التوأمة

أعلام
 كوجي كوندو
 تاكاو كوندو
 تاكوما أومينامي

مراجع

كارييا (آيتشي)
مدن محافظة آيتشي

كارييا (آيتشي)


Kingdom Come is a four-issue comic book miniseries published in 1996 by DC Comics under their Elseworlds imprint. It was written by Mark Waid and Alex Ross and painted in gouache by Ross, who also developed the concept from an original idea.

The story is set in an alternate future of the DC Universe. The new generation of heroes have lost their moral compass, becoming as reckless and violent as the villains they fight. The previous regime of heroes—the Justice League—returns under dire circumstances, which sets up a battle of the old guard against these uncompromising protectors in a conflict that will define what heroism truly is and determine the future of the planet.

Development
When comic book artist Alex Ross was working on Marvels, published in 1994, he decided to create a similar "grand opus" about characters from DC Comics. Ross wrote a 40-page handwritten outline of what would become Kingdom Come and pitched the idea to James Robinson as a project similar in scope to Watchmen (1986–1987) and Alan Moore's infamous "lost work" Twilight of the Superheroes. Ultimately, Ross teamed with writer Mark Waid, who was recommended by DC editors due to his strong familiarity with the history of DC superheroes.

Plot
In this Elseworlds story, Superman and the Justice League abandon their roles as superheroes after the rise and strong public support of a superhero named Magog, who has no qualms about killing—notably the Joker before his trial for the mass murder of the Daily Planet staff, including Lois Lane. In the ensuing years, a newer generation of superpowered metahumans arise. They engage in destructive battles with little distinction between "heroes" and "villains". The narrator, minister Norman McCay, receives apocalyptic visions of the future from a dying Wesley Dodds. The Spectre appears to McCay and recruits him to help pass judgment on the approaching superhuman apocalypse.

An attack on the Parasite, led by Magog, goes awry when Parasite tears open Captain Atom. As a result, much of the American Midwest is irradiated, killing millions and destroying a large portion of the United States's food production. Coaxed back into action by Wonder Woman, Superman returns to Metropolis and re-forms the Justice League.

He recruits new and old heroes. The most prominent exception is Batman, who resents Superman for leaving the world 10 years ago. Batman warns him that his idealist notions are outdated and his violent interference will only exacerbate the world's problems. In response to Superman's Justice League, Batman activates his own network of agents, the "Outsiders", made up largely of younger second and third-generation heroes. Trusted veterans, such as Green Arrow, Black Canary and Blue Beetle, are chosen as lieutenants. Lex Luthor organizes the "Mankind Liberation Front". The MLF is secretly a group of Golden Age villains and third-generation villains like Ra's al Ghul's successor, Ibn al Xu'ffasch, who is Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul's son. The MLF works to take control of the world from the heroes.

Superman's Justice League gathers more captives than converts, and his prison (nicknamed "the Gulag") is quickly filled to capacity. Superman works to persuade the inmates that their methods are wrong-headed and dangerous, to no avail. With hostile heroes and villains locked up together, pressure builds. Meanwhile, Superman learns that Wonder Woman's ardent militant stance may be influenced by her recent exile from Paradise Island: in the eyes of the Amazons, her mission to bring peace to the outside world has failed, and she has thus been stripped of her royalty. Batman and his Outsiders seem to ally themselves with MLF against the Justice League. Luthor's plan is to exacerbate the conflict between the League and Gulag's inmates. Batman quickly discovers that an adult Billy Batson is under Luthor's control. Batson, as Captain Marvel, is the only metahuman capable of matching Superman's power. When the inmates riot and kill Captain Comet, Luthor unwittingly reveals to Batman he intends to use the brainwashed Batson to break open the Gulag. Batman's forces ambush Luthor and his conspirators, but are unable to restrain Batson, who transforms into Marvel and flies off. While Wonder Woman leads the Justice League to the prison riot, Superman confronts Batman. Batman tries to justify inaction, saying the world would be better off if all the metahumans destroyed each other. However, Superman knows that Batman will act, because his entire crimefighting life is based upon the desire to prevent the loss of life.

Moved by Superman's sentiments, Batman tells him that Captain Marvel is under Luthor's control and is on the way to the Gulag. Superman races to the prison, but upon arrival is struck down by Captain Marvel. The Gulag is breached, freeing the population, and inciting war between them and the Justice League. Batman's army arrives on site as an intervening third party, but is unable to stop Wonder Woman from killing the supervillain Von Bach, which increases the fury of the riot.

As conditions worsen, United Nations Secretary General Wyrmwood authorizes the deployment of three tactical nuclear warheads, hardened against metahumans. In the middle of their fight, Batman and Wonder Woman see the incoming bombers piloted by the Blackhawk Squadron. They break off fighting and manage to stop two bombs, but miss the third. Captain Marvel uses his lightning bolt as a weapon against Superman, who manages to grab Marvel and allow the bolt to transform him into Billy. Holding Batson's mouth shut, Superman tells him he is going to stop the remaining bomb. Batson must make a choice: either stop Superman and allow the warhead to kill all the metahumans, or let Superman stop the bomb and allow the metahumans' war to engulf the world. Superman tells Batson he must be the one to decide, as he is the only one who lives in both worlds: a man (as Batson) and a god (as Marvel). Batson, his mind now clear of Luthor's influence, turns back into Captain Marvel. He flings Superman to the ground and flies after the missile. Marvel intercepts the missile and shouts "Shazam!" three times in rapid succession, detonating the bomb prematurely, and killing Batson in the process.

Despite Marvel's sacrifice, most of the metahumans are obliterated in the explosion. Superman is unharmed, but does not realize that there are any other survivors. Enraged at the tremendous loss of life, he flies to the U.N. Building and threatens to kill the delegates as punishment for the massacre. The surviving metahumans arrive, but McCay is the one who talks him down, pointing out how his appearance and behavior are exactly the sort of reasons that normal humans fear the superpowered. Superman immediately ceases his rampage. He is handed Captain Marvel's cape, and tells the U.N. that he will use his wisdom to guide, rather than lead, humankind. Superman ties Captain Marvel's cape to a flagpole and raises it among the flags of the member nations of the U.N., suggesting that this role of guidance will be more political and global in nature than the classic crime-busting vigilantism of the past. In the epilogue, the heroes strive to become fully integrated members of the communities. Wonder Woman's exile from Paradise Island ends. She becomes an ambassador for super-humanity, taking the survivors of the Gulag to Paradise Island for rehabilitation. Batman abandons his crusade and becomes a healer, rebuilding his mansion as a hospital to care for those wounded by the destruction of the Gulag. He reconciles with both Dick Grayson and Ibn al Xu'ffasch. Superman begins the task of restoring the Midwestern farmlands devastated after Magog's attack. He comes to terms with his past as Clark Kent by accepting a pair of glasses from Wonder Woman, and shares a kiss with her before she returns to Paradise Island. Norman McCay resumes pastorship of his congregation, preaching a message of hope for humanity. Among the congregation is Jim Corrigan, the Spectre's human host.

Collected edition additional scenes
The first additional scene (four pages) takes place near the end of the second part of the series. Superman visits Orion on Apokolips, which has changed very little despite Darkseid no longer being in power. He asks Orion for his advice on what to do with the captive rogue metahumans. Orion, who has grown to resemble his father and has adopted a rather jaded view on life, initially offers to accept Superman's charges as exiles to Apokolips. Superman rejects that solution, claiming he can learn nothing from Orion, and goes back to Earth.

The second additional scene is an eight-page epilogue. Clark Kent and Diana Prince meet with Bruce Wayne at 'Planet Krypton', a theme restaurant owned by Michael Jon Carter. They plan to tell Bruce they are expecting a child, but he deduces the news first. Diana asks Bruce to serve as godfather. He emotionally accepts after Clark tells Bruce he will provide a balancing influence to the child, adding that in spite of their differences over the years, he has always trusted Batman. As they leave the restaurant, Bruce notices Norman and Jim Corrigan discussing the restaurant's "Spectre Platter", much to Corrigan's irritation that this is how he is being remembered.

Characters

Appearances in mainstream continuity

The Kingdom

Due to the popularity of the series, Mark Waid and Alex Ross began to plot a sequel/prequel titled The Kingdom. Alex Ross's original intent was for Gog to be an alien, twice the size of a human, from the planet Urgrund that split into two and created Apokolips and New Genesis, and that Magog would be the grown son of Superman and Wonder Woman, who would be mentored by Gog. Waid and Ross disagreed on several concepts and Ross decided to leave the project.

Without Ross's involvement, Waid continued the story in the New Year's Evil: Gog one-shot. The Kingdom miniseries soon followed, featuring a two-part series and several one-shots focusing on specific characters. The series was used to present Grant Morrison's Hypertime concept.

Thy Kingdom Come
The final issue of 52 reveals that Earth-22 is the designation of the Kingdom Come alternate universe.

In Justice Society of America (vol. 3), a new Starman appears wearing a costume identical to that of the Starman from the Kingdom Come series. It is soon revealed that this individual is indeed the Starman from Kingdom Come, and that he is also Thom Kallor, a native of the planet Xanthu and member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. Due to a time-travel error, Starman traveled to Earth-22 before arriving in 21st-century New Earth.

The "Thy Kingdom Come" story arc of the Justice Society of America title features the involvement of Alex Ross, as well as the appearance of the Kingdom Come Superman. Seeing the connection between Gog of New Earth and Magog of Earth-22, Superman from Earth-22 and the JSA seek to prevent New Earth from going the way of his own world by stopping Gog in his crusade to rid the world of false gods, and before he can choose a successor one day in Magog. The JSA is split in their opinions on Gog; some believe he is truly benevolent, while others are suspicious of his true intentions. To prove himself, Gog heals certain JSA members such as Starman, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Damage, and he resurrects Lance from the dead to make him his successor, Magog.

Soon, the JSA learns that Gog is forming a parasitic relationship with the planet Earth. If he remains long enough, the planet will not be able to survive without him. The JSA remove Gog's head, and Superman and Starman take it to the Source Wall. Starman sends Superman back to Earth-22 in time to see the carnage caused by Captain Marvel detonating the bomb. The events of Kingdom Come continue from there and conclude in its entirety, with additional scenes depicting Superman's life and legacy for the next 1,000 years.

Alex Ross states that this story is not intended as a sequel to Kingdom Come, as that would negate the purpose of the original story.

Justice League: Generation Lost

A major subplot of Judd Winick and Keith Giffen's 2010 maxiseries, Justice League: Generation Lost concerns the events of Kingdom Come. The story sees Maxwell Lord being tasked by the Entity with killing Magog before he can inadvertently trigger an apocalyptic war between Earth's superhumans, which ultimately brings Magog and Lord into conflict with Justice League International. To drive the point home, the Entity shows Lord a series of visions taken directly from Kingdom Come, including Magog and the Justice Battalion attacking Parasite. Lord eventually succeeds in arranging Magog's demise, and his life is returned by the Entity.

Superman/Batman

During the first arc of the Superman/Batman series written by Jeph Loeb, what appears to be the Kingdom Come Superman appears via a Boom Tube in the Batcave with the intent to kill Clark Kent, because according to him, Clark is responsible for the destruction of the Earth. Kingdom Come Superman suddenly vanishes while being distracted by his past self calling him "Clark". It is eventually revealed that this Superman came from a future in which a kryptonite meteorite crashed to the Earth.

Later, due to a burst of quantum energy, Captain Atom arrives in this future. He appears in a devastated Kansas (an homage to the Kingdom Come series) although Superman states the entire planet is in the same condition. With advice from this future Superman, Captain Atom returns to the present and uses a robot made by Toyman to destroy the giant meteorite of kryptonite, preventing this future from coming true.

In a follow-up to this story, Captain Atom: Armageddon, the titular Captain Atom finds himself in the WildStorm universe and in another homage to Kingdom Come, his appearance mysteriously changes to that of his Earth-22 counterpart.

Batman/Superman: World's Finest
In the second arc of Batman/Superman: World's Finest, entitled "Strange Visitor" and written by Mark Waid and illustrated by Dan Mora, a young boy named David Sikela arrives on Earth-0, where he is found by Batman, Superman, and Robin. They quickly realized the unique properties of David's biology give him powers upon exposure to the Earth's sun, and is brought to the Bottled City of Kandor to be examined by the Kandorian scientist Kim-Da. While there, Kim-Da fabricates David a costume inspired by Hel-Oz, an ancient Kryptonian hero. After a brief, but traumatic, excursion to Gotham, Robin takes David to the base of the Teen Titans, where he introduces David to his friends and partners. David joins the Titans and becomes Superman's sidekick, Boy Thunder.

While things start out well, a team-up between the Joker and The Key results in David being tortured by the Joker, which heavily traumatized him. In a fit of rage, David attempts to kill the Joker. While he was unsuccessful, David vows that he will one day kill the Joker, as it is revealed he is a younger version of Magog from Kingdom Come. David's actions deeply concern Superman, Batman and the Titans, with Superman briefly considering siphoning off David's powers, but decided against it, believing that David deserved a chance to try to fix his own mistakes. The Key took this opportunity to attempt to use David's ship to unlock the secrets of the multiverse, triggering the ship's systems and causing it and David to be transported into an unknown world in the Multiverse, where he meets a version of himself going by the name of Gog.

Collected editions

A boxed-set of the four individual issues was packaged in a die-cut cardboard sleeve with a Skybox trading card, part of a short-lived experimental program to package comics for resale at Toys "R" Us and other mass-market retailers.

The original trade paperback from 1997 collected the entire series along with twelve additional pages by Ross, including the epilogue. Promotional artwork and sketches of the major characters were also included. The trade was also printed as a hardback (without dustjacket) by Graphitti Designs. A new trade paperback was released in 2008, which Alex Ross provided a new cover painting for this new edition, which featured a deluxe foldout cover only on its first printing (subsequent printings will not include the foldout afterward).

A separate deluxe, slip-cased two-volume hardback edition, also co-published by DC and Graphitti Designs added a second volume (entitled Revelations) to the text, containing further sketches and developmental artwork from Ross, showing the development of the character designs and the storyline.

A 1998 special from Wizard magazine contained the original proposal for the series by Ross, providing notes on what was changed and why. Ross's comments on The Kingdom were also included.

DC released an Absolute Kingdom Come hardcover edition in 2006. It collected the entire series in a significantly larger page format, along with interviews with Waid and Ross, character artwork, sketches and a complete annotation for the series. It was released again in the second quarter of 2018.

The novelization was written by Elliot S. Maggin. It was published by Warner Aspect as a hardback, and (in limited numbers) a slip-cased, signed edition. It fleshes out characters such as Magog, the world leaders, and the Batman/Ib'n connection. The book contains four new color pages by Ross, as well as four black and white sketches of the major players.

In other media
 The production team of Justice League: Warworld planned to develop a film adaptation of the Kingdom Come comic book mini-series, but the idea was discarded by James Gunn and Peter Safran after they were named CEOs of DC Studios.

DC Animated Universe
 In the DC Animated Universe series Justice League Unlimited episode "Clash", Superman and Captain Marvel fight, as a nod to the comic version from Kingdom Come. Captain Marvel uses his magic lightning to attack Superman, while Superman manages to make one of the bolts strike Marvel and proceeds to gag Billy.

Arrowverse
Brandon Routh reprised his role of Clark Kent / Superman from the 2006 film Superman Returns in the 2019–2020 Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths". This version of Superman takes inspiration from Kingdom Come. He wears a similar suit and works at the Daily Planet, which was attacked, presumably by the Joker. His Earth was designated as Earth-96, a reference to the year the comic was released. Furthermore, Kevin Conroy portrayed a variation of Bruce Wayne from Earth-99 that also incorporated elements of the Kingdom Come version, such as the character wearing an exo-suit.

DC Extended Universe / DC Universe
 In Wonder Woman 1984, Wonder Woman is seen wearing her Kingdom Come armor.
 Hiram Garcia expressed interest to make a Kingdom Come film adaptation as part of the DCEU franchise.
 In November 2022, DC Studios CEO James Gunn tweeted an image from the miniseries, seemingly teasing Kingdom Come as an upcoming project within the DC Universe.

Spin-offs

Audio play

Hachette Audio released an audio dramatization of the story, adapted from the novelization, featuring the voice talent of Mike Mearian, Don Peoples, Garet Scott, John Cunningham, Kent Broadhurst, Jeff David, Chuck Cooper, Harry Goz, Barbara Rosenblat, Craig Zakarian, Mike Arkin, Bob Lydiard, Peter Newman, Birgit Darby, Mark Finley, Igot Goldin, Macintyre Dixon, and Chloe Patellis, along with the guest voices of Dennis O'Neil, Mark Waid, Mike Carlin, Dan Raspler, Charles Kochman, Peter Tomasi, Greg Ross, Janet Harvey, Elisabeth Vincentelli. The music for the audio version was composed by John Bauers.

The Comicology Kingdom Come Companion
In January 1999, Harbor Press published the first (special) issue of their comics magazine Comicology. The 272-page Comicology: Kingdom Come Companion, edited by Brian Lamken, focused heavily on Kingdom Come, featuring an A-Z of almost everything, with extensive illustrations by Ross and various other commentary on the miniseries. It was the subject of a swift cease-and-desist notice from DC, objecting that the volume "constitute[d] an unauthorized derivative work that infringe[d] upon [DC's] copyrights, violates [their] trademark rights, and misappropriates [their] good will". Lamken acquiesced to the recall, despite protesting that DC had prior knowledge of the project. It is likely that the similarities between the material contained in the Revelations volume (available only with the purchase of the considerably-more-expensive Graphitti/DC two-volume set) contributed to the recall of the Comicology volume. The recall made the Companion arguably the most difficult Kingdom Come item to find.

Trading cards

In 1996, Fleer/Skybox released a set of trading cards based on Kingdom Come, entitled Kingdom Come eXtra. Alongside the 50 basic cards, featuring art by Ross and text by Waid, there are 15 "sketchboard" cards, three "Kingdom Classics" (featuring Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman in iconic poses), six "Alex Ross Original" cards, and some rarer autograph cards.

Action figures

DC Direct (the exclusive collectibles division of DC Comics) has produced three waves of action figures based on Kingdom Comes artwork. The first wave of figures included Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern and Hawkman. The second wave included Batman, Red Robin, Captain Marvel and Kid Flash. The last wave included Magog, Flash, Armored Wonder Woman and Deadman. An exclusive figure of Red Arrow was released through ToyFare magazine. DC Direct also released several other characters through their Elseworlds toylines. These figures included the Spectre, Norman McCay, Jade, Nightstar, Aquaman and Blue Beetle. An updated version of Kingdom Come Superman was released in JSA series2, which was based on the covers that Alex Ross worked on.

An action figure of Superman based on Kingdom Come's artwork was released as part of Wave 10 of Mattel's DC Multiverse toyline.

See also
 Earth X, another alternate universe series written and illustrated by Alex Ross with some of the similar themes and artwork shared with Kingdom Come.
 Injustice: Gods Among Us, a series of video games and comic books that have a story similar to Kingdom Come such as the Joker killing Lois Lane in Metropolis or Superman and Batman forming their own factions of superheroes and fighting each other.

References

1996 comics debuts
Apocalyptic comics
DC Comics limited series
Eisner Award winners for Best Limited Series
Comics by Mark Waid
Nightmares in fiction
Fiction books about precognition

Kingdom Come (comics)


Enrique Jarnés Rapún (Zaragoza, España, 1925 - Mérida, Venezuela, 2002), Desde muy pequeñito experimentó inclinación hacia las letras. Le viene de herencia, es sobrino de Benjamín Jarnes, un gran escritor español.

Biografía
A los 11 años de edad con motivo de su primer cuento gana un primer premio de periodismo.Se graduó de estudios superiores. Curso dos años de filosofía y letras, el tercero no lo pudo terminar por la guerra civil española. Era becado en aquel entonces.

Antes de salir de España, realizó labor periodística en el suplemento del periódico "Informaciones de Madrid" denominado "Baleares", residía entonces en Palma de Mallorca.

También escribió novelas para Editorial Brugueras de Barcelona. Había trabajado intensamente para diversas editoriales españolas de libros populares, utilizando, sobre todo varios pseudónimos (E.J. Richmond, Joe Lincoln, Henry Scott…) que se harían famosos en los años cuarenta y principios de cincuenta, tanto de novelas del oeste como "rosas" o de otro tipo. Y en especial la serie "Hazañas bélicas".

Tras repetidos enfrentamientos con la censura española de la posguerra. Trabajó en la BBC y en otros asuntos, hasta que le brindaron la oportunidad de marchar a Venezuela en 1954.

Con su llegada al país le otorgaron la ciudadanía inmediatamente y comenzó sus labores en el periódico "El Universal" de gran circulación en Venezuela. En dicho país desempeñó una labor amplia en radio y televisión, convirtiéndose en el primer libretista extranjero que había tenido la oportunidad de trabajar en la televisión venezolana.

Desarrollo medio centenar de telenovelas muy populares. En 1957, inicia la serie "Tierra Adentro" en Radio Caracas con argumentos ubicados en diversas regiones venezolanas, lo que le valdrá el Premio Crítica; poco después obtendrá el preciado "Guaicaipuro Oro" por el más de medio millar de seriales sobre las vidas de Francisco Miranda, Simón Bolívar y el general Páez.

En 1973 en la televisión de Puerto Rico la telenovela que marca la historia de la televisión en dicho país, "El Hijo de Ángela María", protagonizada por Rolando Barral y Johanna Rosaly. El gran éxito de "El hijo de Ángela María" en Puerto Rico y a nivel internacional la llevó a la pantalla grande, utilizando el mismo elenco de la telenovela a excepción de la actriz Sharon Riley que no pudo hacer la película por estar embarazada, fue escogida para sustituirla la actriz Irán Eory ya que necesitaban una actriz conocida internacionalmente para poder exportar la película.

En 1977 por Venevisión estrena "Laura y Virginia", protagonizada por Alejandra Pinedo, Mary Soliani y Eduardo Serrano, telenovela de gran éxito en Venezuela y a nivel internacional.

Series

RCTV
Tierra Adentro (1957)

Telenovelas

RCTV
La tirana - (1965-1967) - (Eva Moreno, Edmundo Valdemar y Edmundo Arias)
Corazón de madre - (1969) - (Amalia Pérez Díaz, Elio Rubens, Edmundo Arias) Original de Inés Rodena.
Cristina - (1970-71) - (Marina Baura y Raúl Amundaray. Estrella Invitada: María Félix) Original de Inés Rodena.
La virgen ciega - (1970) - (Marina Baura y Oscar Martínez)
El derecho de nacer - (1965) - (Raúl Amundaray y Conchita Obac) Original de Félix B. Caignet.

Venevisión
La otra - (1974) - (Rebeca González, José Bardina y Claudia Islas)
Daniela - (1976) - (Adita Riera y Eduardo Serrano)
Laura y Virginia - (1977) - (Alejandra Pinedo, Eduardo Serrano y Mary Soliani)
Diana Carolina (1984) - (Ivonne Goderich y Guillermo Davila)
Rosa María o El Angel del Barrio (1986) - (Millie Avilés, Eduardo Serrano y Guillermo Davila)

Telemundo
El Hijo de Angela María (1973) (Rolando Barral y Johanna Rosaly)

Televisa
Seducción (1986) (Maribel Guardia y Manuel Capetillo Jr.)

CINE
El Hijo de Angela María (1974)(Rolando Barral y Johanna Rosaly)

Enlaces externos

Escritores de Venezuela
Periodistas de Venezuela
Escritores de Zaragoza
Emigrantes españoles hacia Venezuela
Nacidos en Zaragoza

Enrique Jarnes


Syngonium, biljni rod iz porodice kozlačevki smješten u tribus Caladieae, dio potporodice Aroideae.

Rodu pripada 39 vrsta hemiepifita rasprostranjenih od Meksika do Brazila .

Vrste roda Syngonium su zimzelene penjačice (ponekad puzeće) s mliječnim lateksom, cvjetovi jednospolni, perigon odsutan.

Vrste

 Syngonium adsettiorum Croat, O.Ortiz & J.S.Harrison
 Syngonium angustatum Schott
 Syngonium armigerum (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Croat
 Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott
 Syngonium bastimentoense O.Ortiz & Croat
 Syngonium brewsterense Croat & Delannay
 Syngonium castroi Grayum
 Syngonium chiapense Matuda
 Syngonium chocoanum Croat
 Syngonium churchillii Croat & O.Ortiz
 Syngonium crassifolium (Engl.) Croat
 Syngonium dodsonianum Croat
 Syngonium erythrophyllum Birdsey ex G.S.Bunting
 Syngonium foreroanum Croat
 Syngonium gentryanum Croat
 Syngonium hastiferum (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Croat
 Syngonium hastifolium Engl.
 Syngonium hoffmannii Schott
 Syngonium laterinervium Croat
 Syngonium litense Croat
 Syngonium llanoense Croat
 Syngonium macrophyllum Engl.
 Syngonium mauroanum Birdsey ex G.S.Bunting
 Syngonium meridense G.S.Bunting
 Syngonium neglectum Schott
 Syngonium oduberi T.Ray
 Syngonium podophyllum Schott
 Syngonium purpureospathum Croat & Raz
 Syngonium rayi Grayum
 Syngonium sagittatum G.S.Bunting
 Syngonium salvadorense Schott
 Syngonium schottianum H.Wendl. ex Schott
 Syngonium sparreorum Croat
 Syngonium standleyanum G.S.Bunting
 Syngonium steyermarkii Croat
 Syngonium tacotalpense Diaz Jim. & Croat
 Syngonium triphyllum Birdsey ex Croat
 Syngonium wendlandii Schott
 Syngonium yurimaguense Engl.

Izvori

Caladieae

Syngonium


قرية دربل بلدة تابعة لمنطقة قطنا في محافظة ريف دمشق. تقع في منطقة جبل الشيخ.

تقع شمال ناحية مزرعة بيت جن وترتفع عن سطح البحر 1320 م، توجد بالقرب منها بعض الآثار القديمة

تحيط بها القرى والبلدات التالية: حينة - الشعرة - عرنة - بيت جن، ومن الجنوب ناحية مزرعة بيت جن.

عدد سكانها حوالي 3000 ألف نسمة ويوجد بها أربع ينابيع عذبة صالحة للشرب .

انظر أيضا
قائمة بلدات سوريا

مراجع وهوامش

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة قطنا
بلدات سوريا
تجمعات درزية في سوريا
قرى محافظة ريف دمشق

دربل


The Expanse er en amerikansk science-fiction TV-serie, udviklet af Mark Fergus og Hawk Ostby, baseret på The Expanse-romanserien af James S.A. Corey. Serien foregår i en fremtid, hvor menneskeheden har koloniseret Solsystemet. Serien følger Undersecretary for FN's udøvende administration Chrisjen Avasarala (Shohreh Aghdashloo), politidetektiv Josephus Miller (Thomas Jane), skipskaptajn Jim Holden (Steven Strait) og hans besætning, i takt med at de afdækker en konspiration, der truer freden i Solsystemet og menneskehedens overlevelse.

Serien blev vel modtaget af kritikere, som fremhævede seriens billedside, karakterudvikling og det politiske narrativ. Serien modtog en Hugo Award for Bedste Dramatiske Præsentation samt tre Saturn Award nomineringer for Bedste Science-Fiction TV-serie. Alcon Entertainment producerer og finansierer  serien. Tre sæsoner er blevet solgt til TV-kanalen SyFy, som stoppede serien på deres kanal i maj 2018; Amazon Videos fornyede senere på måneden serien for en fjerde sæson.

Plot
Hundredevis af år i fremtiden, i et koloniseret Solsystem, bliver politidetektiv Josephus Miller (født på Ceres i asteroidebæltet) sat til at eftersøge en forsvunden ung kvinde, Juliette "Julie" Andromeda Mao (Florence Faivre). James Holden, overstyrmand på Canterbury, et fragtskib, der bryder og fragter is fra asteroider fra Bæltet, bliver involveret i hændelse, der truer med at destabilisere den ustabile fred der hersker mellem Jorden, Mars og Bæltet. På Jorden arbejder Chrisjen Avasarala, undersekretær i FN, på at forhindre krig mellem Jorden og Mars med alle nødvendige midler. De tre (Miller, Holden og Avasarala) opdager dog en dyster sammenhæng mellem den unge kvindes forsvinden, hændelsen ved Canterbury og en konspiration, der truer hele menneskeheden.

Amerikanske tv-serier fra 2010'erne
Amerikanske tv-serier fra 2020'erne
Tv-programmer fra Syfy

The Expanse (tv-serie)


Stâlpii Lenei (în ; în , Ölüöne Turūk Khayalara) este numele dat unei formațiuni naturale de roci formate de-a lungul malurilor râului Lena în partea orientală îndepărtată a Siberiei. Stâlpii au înălțimea de 150–300 m și s-au format într-un bazin maritim existent în era cambriană. Parcul Natural Stâlpii Lenei a fost înscris pe Lista Patrimoniului Mondial în 2012.

Acest loc se află la mai puțin de o zi de plimbare cu barca în susul râului (înspre sud) din orașul Iakutsk, capitala republicii autonome Saha.

Turism

Se poate planifica o croazieră pe râu prin contactarea unei agenții de turism din orașul Iakutsk. Cei interesați de limnologie sau ecoturism, precum și alții care vizitează Lacul Baikal, își pot planifica un sejur acvatic cu ajutorul unui ghid din regiunea lacului Baikal; cu toate acestea, trebuie ținut cont de faptul că Iakutsk, cel mai friguros oraș al planetei și locul de unde pornesc croazierele fluviale, se află la aproximativ 1.400 km nord-est de Lacul Baikal.

În această parte a lumii (Siberia) există puține facilități turistice moderne, cu excepția călătoriei cu vas de croazieră pe râul Lena.

Traseele de drumeții prin regiune sunt abrupte și uneori de o calitate precară.

Geologie
Stâlpii sunt formați din straturi alternante de calcar, marnă, dolomită și ardezie de la începutul erei cambriene medii, care sunt erodate, producând aflorimente colțuroase.

Aceste tipuri de roci sunt formate de obicei în mediile marine, iar stratificarea orizontală și variația verticală indică transgresia/regresia marină; straturile de ardezie reprezintă forme ușor metamorfozate din adâncurile mării.

Referințe

Geomorfologie
Patrimoniul mondial în Rusia

Stâlpii Lenei


L'Institut de recherche agricole pour le développement, IRAD est un établissement public à caractère scientifique et technique du Cameroun, doté de la personnalité juridique et de l'autonomie financière. Il est placé sous la tutelle technique du Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'Innovation et sous la tutelle financière du Ministère des Finances.

Histoire
Il est créé en 1996 par fusion de l'Institut de Recherche Agricole (IRA) et de l'Institut de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires (IRZV), il est réorganisé en 2002 et en 2019.

Missions
L'IRAD a pour mission de répondre aux préoccupations des acteurs du secteur agricole : éleveurs, agriculteurs, transformateurs des produits agricoles ou d'élevage, commerçants sur toute l'étendue du territoire du Cameroun.

Il conduit des activités de recherche visant la promotion du développement agricole dans les domaines des productions végétales, animales, halieutiques, fauniques, forestières et de l'environnement. Il a aussi la charge de mettre au point des innovations technologiques agroalimentaires et agro-industrielles.

Notes et références

Agriculture au Cameroun
Laboratoire de recherche au Cameroun
Association ou organisme scientifique au Cameroun
Centre de recherche agronomique


Die reformierte Kirche Hütten ist eine Zürcher Landkirche des Spätklassizismus in Hütten ZH.

Geschichte
Eine seit dem Mittelalter bestehende St. Jakobs-Kapelle wurde im Ersten Villmergerkrieg 1656 zerstört. Daraufhin entstand 1668 ein Neubau, wobei die formelle Loslösung Hüttens von der Kirchgemeinde Wädenswil erst 1752 erfolgte. Ab 1844 wurde über einen Abbruch der baufällig gewordenen Kirche zugunsten eines Neubaus nachgedacht. Die heutige Kirche wurde schliesslich in den Jahren 1855–56 nach Plänen von Johann Caspar Wolff errichtet. Wolff war Staatsbauinspektor von Zürich und hatte zu Hütten aufgrund der dortigen Pfarrtätigkeit seines 1853 verstorbenen Onkels Hans Konrad Wolf ein besonderes Verhältnis.

Gebäude

Äusseres
Der Kirche ist ein Frontturm mit Vorhalle, Turmuhr und Zeltdach vorgelagert. Die Fassaden sind im klassizistischen Stil gehalten, wobei die Strebepfeiler in den Ecken und die Vierpass- und Sechspass-Fensterchen, welche die grossen Rundbogenfenster ergänzen, eher neugotisch anmuten. Neben dem Hauptportal im Turm ist neben dem Pfarrhaus ein Seitenportal vorhanden. 1890 lieferte die Firma Mäder aus Andelfingen ZH das heutige Uhrwerk.

Das 1856 gegossene Geläut umfasst vier Glocken:
 Grosse Glocke, 996 kg, gis.
 Betglocke, 521 kg, fis.
 Leichenglocke, 283 kg, dis.
 Kleine Glocke, 126 kg, cis.

Innenraum
Im Innern präsentiert sich das Gebäude als schlichte Saalkirche mit eingezogenem Rechteckchor. Die Wände werden von Dekorationsmalereien, die flache Decke von dezenten Stuckelementen geziert. An der
Chorbogenwand sind in Frakturschrift zwei Bibelzitate angebracht. Sie verkünden: «Glaube an den Herrn Jesum Christum, so wirst du selig werden.» () und «Freuet euch im Herrn allezeit. Der Herr ist mein Hirt.» ().

Das neugotische Farbglasfenster mit einer Darstellung von Christus von 1872 stammt von Georg Röttinger, einem Sohn Johann Jakob Röttingers. Unterhalb der Christusgestalt befindet sich ein Spruchband mit der Aufschrift «Ich bin die Auferstehung und das Leben» (). Aus der Vorgängerkirche ist der barocke Taufstein von 1752 erhalten, der vor dem Chorbogen situiert ist. Die Kanzel an der Chorbogenwand wurde im Zuge der Innenrenovation von 1953 tiefer gesetzt und ihres Zierrats sowie des Schalldeckels beraubt. Die Kuhn-Orgel von 1939 steht auf einer kleinen Rückempore und stammt aus der Kirche Ottenbach ZH. Sie wurde im Zuge der Orgelbewegung dem Zeitgeschmack angepasst und verfügt daher nicht mehr über intaktes Pfeifenmaterial.

Galerie

Literatur

 Peter Ziegler: Reformierte Kirche Hütten. 1856-2006. Verlag Stutz & Co., Wädenswil 2006.
 Peter Ziegler: Hütten. Verlag Stutz & Co., Wädenswil.
 Peter Ziegler: Kirchen und Kapellen rund um den Zürichsee. Th. Gut Verlag, Stäfa 2000.

Weblinks

Kirchengebäude in Wädenswil
Hütten
Hütten
Hütten
Hutten
Geläut
Hutten

Reformierte Kirche Hütten


ستة وستين   هو فيلم بريطاني عرض في عام 2006 وهو فيلم كوميدي درامي من أفلام السيرة الذاتية عن طفل يهودي يصادف حفل بلوغه يوم بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1966 وهو مقتبس عن أحداث من حياة المخرج بول ويلاند.

الرواية
الطفل اليهودي بيرني روبينز (غريغ سالكين) يستعد لأقامة حفل بلوغه (و هو مايسمى عند اليهود بار متسفا)، فيخطط بجهد للأستعداد للحفل ليكون الحفل أفضل من حفل أخية الأكبر، ولكن بسبب تدهور الوضع المالي لأسرته يقرر والديه خفض ميزانية الحفل، ومما زاد الأمر سوءا هو اكتشافه بأن يوم حفل بار متسفا الخاص به يصادف نهائي بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1966 التي ستقام في لندن ومن المحتمل أن يصل للنهائي منتخب بلده إنجلترا مما سيؤثر على عدد الحضور في الحفل.

طاقم الممثليين
 غريغ سالكين في دور بيرني روبنز
 هيلينا بونهام كارتر في دور واستير روبنز
 أديا في دور مانى روبنز
 بن نيوتن في دور أليف روبنز
 توماس ديرسون في دور تيري شيفرز
 بيتر سيرنوويكز في دور العم جيمي / السيد روبنز، السير/ معلق كرة القدم
 ستيفن ريا في دور العم هنري
 كاترين تيت في دور العمة ليلى
 ستيفن ريافي دورالدكتور باري
 جيرالدين سوميرفيل في دور أليس باري
 ماكسيميليان لو في دور الراوي (نكروديتيد)

الاستقبال
الفيلم تلقى عموما قبول ايجابي من النقاد، مع تصنيف 65 ٪ من موقع الطماطم الفاسدة  الطازجة وهوليوود ريبورتر اثنت على الفيلم «على الرغم من أن الموضوع قد يبدو خاص، فإن الصورة بمثل هذه البراعة تتجاوز التفاصيل العرقية لتصبح قصة عالمية صبي يحاول أن يجد مكانه في عالم قاسي.»  روجر أيبرت في صحيفة شيكاغو صن تايمز استعرض الفيلم بأنه «يستنير برواية بيرني المؤثرة، وهو يعرض التفاصيل الكوميدية الصغيرة». النيو يورك تايمز وصفت الفيلم بأنه «كوميديا محزنة وأنه يعتمد اعتمادا كبيرا على الصور النمطية العرقية.»

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام الكوميدية لعام 2000
أفلام أخرجها باول ويلاند
أفلام إستديوهات باينوود
أفلام إستوديو كانال
أفلام إنتاج 2006
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2000
أفلام بريطانية
أفلام بريطانية في عقد 2000
أفلام تقع أحداثها في 1966
أفلام تقع أحداثها في لندن
أفلام دراما كوميدية إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام دراما كوميدية بريطانية
أفلام درامية 2006
أفلام سير ذاتية عن يهود
أفلام عن اليهود واليهودية
أفلام عن كأس العالم
أفلام كأس العالم
أفلام كرة القدم البريطانية
أفلام كوميديا درامية 2006
أفلام من إنتاج اريك فيلنر
أفلام من إنتاج إليزابيث كارلسن
أفلام من إنتاج تيم بيفان
أفلام وركينغ تايتلز فيلمز
كأس العالم 1966
منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم

ستة وستين (فيلم)


IC 1048 est une galaxie spirale située dans la constellation de la Vierge. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de .

IC 1048 présente une large raie HI.

À ce jour, plus d'une quinzaine de mesures non basées sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift) donnent une distance de , ce qui est à l'intérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble.

Groupe de NGC 5746
Selon A. M. Garcia, IC 1048 fait partie du groupe de NGC 5746. Ce groupe de galaxies compte au moins 31 membres dont NGC 5636, NGC 5638, NGC 5658 (=PGC 51957), NGC 5668, NGC 5690, NGC 5692, NGC 5691, NGC 5701, NGC 5705, NGC 5713, NGC 5719, NGC 5725, NGC 5740, NGC 5746, NGC 5750, IC 1022 et IC 1024.

Sur le site « Un Atlas de l'Univers », Richard Powell mentionne aussi le groupe de NGC 5746, mais il n'y figure que 14 galaxies. Six autres galaxies du groupe de NGC 5746 de Garcia se trouvent dans un autre groupe mentionné par Powell, soit le groupe de NGC 5638. Selon Powell, la galaxie NGC 5701 ne fait pas partie d'un groupe de galaxies et les autres galaxie de Garcia, dont IC 1048, ne figurent pas dans celles retenues par celui-ci

Le groupe de NGC 5746 fait partie de l'amas de la Vierge III, un des amas du superamas de la Vierge.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du IC

Liens externes

 IC 1048 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

1048
Constellation de la Vierge
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie découverte en 1892
Objet céleste découvert par Stéphane Javelle

IC 1048


Sony YAY! é um canal de televisão pago indiano dirigido a crianças, operado pela Sony Pictures Networks India.

História
O canal foi lançado em 18 de abril de 2017 substituindo a versão local do Animax, e está disponível em tamil, telugu, inglês, hindi, kannada, bengali e marathi. Após o rebrand, a Sony Pictures Networks anunciou seus planos de migrar toda a programação de anime apresentada no Animax como conteúdo pago para sua plataforma digital Sony LIV. Além disso, a empresa também afirmou que o Animax Asia foi lançado como um canal ao vivo em HD via streaming na mesma plataforma.

Ligações externas

 Canal oficial do YouTube

Redes de televisão da Índia
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Animação da Índia
Canais de televisão fundados em 2017

Sony YAY!


الخلصة كانت قرية فلسطينية تم احتلالها نهاية أكتوبر، عام 1948 وتقع على بعد 23 كم جنوب غربي بئر السبع.

التاريخ المبكر للقرية
يعتقد ان الخالصة هي بلدة إلوسا (Elusa) النبطية. ويبدو أن الموقع كان من محطات القوافل القادمة من البتراء إلى غزة. واستناداً إلى سيرة هيلاريون (Hilarion) التي كتبها القديس جيروم (Jerome) في أوائل القرن الخامس للميلاد، فإن هيلاريون لما زار إلوسا في القرن الرابع قُدّمت الخمر إليه من الكروم المجاورة. وتُشاهد بلدة إلوسا على خريطة مادبا المرسومة بالفسيفساء في القرن السادس للميلاد، والتي تمثل فلسطين. ويبدو أنها كانت مركز مقاطعة فلسطين الثالثة الإدارية حتى الفتح الإسلامي.

ولا نعرف إلا القليل عن الخلصة في الفترة الإسلامية المبكرة. ويذكر الجغرافي محمد الدمشقي (توفي سنة 1327)، أنها بلدة تقع ضمن حدود غزة الإدارية. ويقول المؤرخ المقريزي إنها إحدى المدن الكبرى في القسم الجنوبي من فلسطين. إلا أن أهمية الخلصة تلاشت مع انحطاط الطرق التجارية في النقب.

القرية قبل الاحتلال
بدات القرية تلفت الأنظار في أوائل القرن الحالي؛ ففي سنة 1905، درس معهد الكتاب المقدس (Ecole Biblique) في القدس الآثار في المنطقة. كما أن المسح البريطاني (British Survey) نشر خريطة للموقع الأثري بكامله في سنة 1914. وقد تزامن الاهتمام المتجدد بالخلصة مع قرار عشيرة العزازمة البدوية الاستيطان هناك. فبنت العشيرة فيها قرية مثلثة الشكل، محصورة بين طرفي الواديين. وكانت منازلها مبنية بالحجارة والطين. كان في الخلصة مدرسة ابتدائية بُنيت في سنة 1941، كما كان فيها عدد من الدكاكين. وكان سكانها يتزودون مياه الشرب من نبع، ويعتاشون من تربية الحيوانات ومن التجارة.

المواقع الاثرية في القرية
في سنة 1938 كشفت الحفريات الأثرية عن أنقاض مدينة نبطية، وبعض القبور، وقطع معمارية نُقشت كتابات عليها. وبين سنتي 1973 و 1980، وفي أثناء ثلاثة مواسم من التنقيبات الأثرية، عُثر على بقايا مسرح نبطي كبير، وعلى أكبر كنيسة في النقب، وعلى غيرها من الأبنية الكنسية، وعلى أبراج للدفاع بُنيت فوق أسوار المدينة، وفوق بعض المنازل.

احتلال القرية
من المرجح أن القرية وقعت تحت السيطرة الإسرائيلية في وقت مبكر نسبياً من الحرب. ويستشهد كتاب «تاريخ الهاغاناه» بقائد لواء النقب، ناحوم سريغ، الذي قال بعد الحرب:«بحلول 15 أيار/ مايو، كان النقب بأكمله خاضعاً لسلطة عبرية تامة». لكن من الجائر أن تكون القرية صمدت، مثل بئر السبع، حتى تشرين الأول / أكتوبر 1948، أي حتى عملية يوآف (أنظر بربرة، قضاء غزة).

القرية اليوم
لا يزال بعض منازل القرية قائماً، غير أنها مهجورة ومدمّرة جزئياً. وثمة، إلى الغرب من موقع القرية، بئر لا تزال مياهه صالحة للاستخدام، ولها فم مستدير وسلّم حديدي. وعلى بعد بضعة أمتار إلى الغرب من البئر، ثمة منزل كبير مستطيل الشكل، فيه ثماني غرف. ويشاهد خلفه ركام عشرة منازل مهدمة. كما أن بقايا المقبر تشاهد في الجزء الشمالي من الموقع. وإلى جانب المقبرة، ثمة حفريات أثرية وبعض منازل القرية المدمّرة. وهناك نحو 15 منزلاً، مدمّرة جزئياً، إلى الجنوب من الموقع وإلى الغرب منه.

لا مستعمرات إسرائيلية على أراضي القرية. وتُستخدم المنطقة للتدريبات العسكرية الإسرائيلية.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع فلسطين في الذاكرة

أماكن كانت مأهولة في جنوب غرب آسيا
قرى فلسطينية أخليت من سكانها في الحرب العربية الإسرائيلية 1948
قضاء بئر السبع

الخلصة (بئر السبع)


مجلس الدوما في الإمبراطورية الروسية كان مجلسا استشاريا في أواخر عهد الإمبراطورية الروسية. ولقد تم تجديده أربع مرات.

تحت ضغط الثورة الروسية 1905 في 6 غشت 1905، قام سيرغي وايت الذي عينه نيقولا الثاني لإدارة مفاوضات السلام مع اليابان، وأصدر بيانا حول الدعوة إلى عقد مجلس الدوما، ظنا في البداية أنه سيكون جهازا استشاريا. لاحقا في بيان أكتوبر، تعهد القيصر بإدخال مزيد من الحريات المدنية، من أجل توفير مشاركة واسعة في مجلس الدوما، ومنح مجلس الدوما مع سلطات تشريعية ورقابية. كان مجلس الدوما مجلس النواب في البرلمان، وكان مجلس الإمبراطورية الروسية مجلس الشيوخ.

مقاعد الدوما

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 خطاب نقولا الثاني
 مجالس الامبراطورية الاربعة

الهيئات التشريعية المنحلة من مجلس واحد
انحلالات سنة 1917 في روسيا
تأسيسات سنة 1905 في روسيا
حكومة الإمبراطورية الروسية
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 1917
هيئات تشريعية وطنية سابقة

مجلس الدوما في الإمبراطورية الروسية


Melby Overdrev der ligger ud til Kattegat lige nord for Liseleje og Asserbo i Halsnæs Kommune, er den største hede på Sjælland. Området, i alt 145 hektar blev fredet 1930

Området har gennem mere end 100 år været skydeterræn for militæret, der her havde Melbylejren, har det været muligt at undgå, at overdrevet er blevet udstykket til sommerhusområde – en skæbne, som har ramt de fleste hede- og overdrevsområder langs Sjællands nordkyst.

I dag har militæret forladt stedet, der nu er under forvaltning af Naturstyrelsen, og dermed er heden tilgængelig for besøgende. Lejrens bygninger blev revet ned i efteråret 2015. Heden er en del af Natura 2000-område nr. 135 Tisvilde Hegn og Melby Overdrev og Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland.

Landskabet

Oprindelig har Arresø haft forbindelse med Kattegat og vandet er løbet denne vej ud i havet. Den vestligste del af området er marint forland dannet siden stenalderen (for 7000 år siden). Store dele af fredningen er bevoksede flyvesandsklitter og også skabt efter, at den sidste is smeltede.

Området har ligesom resten af Nordsjællands kyst været plaget af sandflugt. Det marine forland blev dækket af sand, så jorden var meget mager og næringsfattig. Bønderne lod i 1700-tallet deres kvæg græsse herude, hvilket gav den sparsomme vækst sværere betingelser for at slå rod. Til sidst begyndte sandflugten, hvor sand fløj helt til Tibirke Kirke og næsten dækkede den til. Sandflugten blev bekæmpet af Johan Röhl, der fik bygget mange kilometer sandgærde, plantet sandhavre og kørt ler, græstørv og tang ud, så planter kunne spire.

I dag hvor hedebonden er historie, og kvælstofbelastningen er blevet markant, er heden ved at blive overtaget af græs og træer. Heder og overdrev bliver mere og mere sjældne.

Plantelivet
På Melby Overdrev oplever man den åbne hede med blandt andet hedelyng, revling, klokkelyng, mosebølle og pil. Den krybende hedemelbærris, der minder lidt om tyttebær, har her sit eneste voksested i Danmark uden for Jylland

De små sandlommer mellem lyngbuskene huser talrige laver som rensdyrlav, bagerlav og islandsk kruslav.

Om foråret ses overalt nikkende kobjælde, en sjælden og truet plante, som behøver pleje og beskyttelse for at klare sig. På Melby Overdrev vokser f.eks. bakkegøgelilje, flere arter af gøgeurt, langt over tusind nikkende kobjælder samt den meget sjældne lyng silke.

Det specielle planteliv kombineret med Kattegatkystens tørre klima gør området til et sted, hvor en række insekter og sommerfugle får en mulighed for at trives i områder, hvor de normalt ikke findes. Overdrevet huser derfor en række sjældne insekter og sommerfugle.

Dyrelivet
Melby Overdrev er også kendt for mange sjældne insekter, bl.a. gråbåndet bredpande, argusblåfugl, markperlemorsommerfugl, lille køllesværmer, pimpinellekøllesværmer og myreløve. Også den meget smukke birkespinder, der flyver allerede i april ses her.

I de nærliggende Tibirke Bakkers hede-/overdrevsområder vokser blandt andet en særlig krydsning af den sjældne grenet edderkopurt, og der lever fine bestande af sjældne arter af køllesværmere.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Melby Overdrev på fredninger.dk
 Melby Overdrev på danarige.dk
 Melby Overdrev og Tisvilde Hegn på mst.dk

Fredede arealer i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Halsnæs Kommune
Danske heder

Melby Overdrev


As Cascatas do Poço Negro são uma sucessão de cascatas na ribeira do Pêgo, em Viana do Castelo, Portugal. Estão classificadas como Monumento Natural Local e são um geossítio do Geoparque Litoral de Viana do Castelo.

Ligações externas
Cascatas do Poço Negro no sítio do Geoparque Litoral de Viana do Castelo

Geoparque Litoral de Viana do Castelo
Quedas de água de Portugal

Cascatas do Poço Negro


Varingskollen Station (Varingskollen stasjon eller Varingskollen holdeplass) er en jernbanestation på Gjøvikbanen ved Nittedal i Akershus fylke i Norge. Stationen består af et enkelt spor med tilhørende perron og læskur. Den er ikke betjent og har ikke billetautomater. Stationen ligger i umiddelbar nærhed af Varingskollen skisenter.

Stationen blev oprettet i 1932 under navnet Løvstad, men det blev ændret til det nuværende navn 31. maj 1964. I 2015 blev stationen moderniseret med en ny perron.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Gjøvikbanen
Etableret i 1932
Jernbanestationer i Viken

Varingskollen Station


وحدة تعريف المشترك اختصارًا (SIM)  الموجودة على بطاقات (SIM) تقوم بحفظ مفتاح مشترك الخدمة (IMSI) المستخدم لتعريف أحد مشتركي الأجهزة الهاتفية النقّالة (مثل الحاسبات والهواتف النقّالة). تتيح بطاقة SIM للمستخدم تغيير الهاتف بمجرد إزالة البطاقة من أحد الهواتف وإدخالها في هاتف نقال آخر أو جهاز هاتفي عريض الحزمة.
تتوفر بطاقات SIM بحجمين قياسيين. الأول هو بحجم بطاقة الائتمان (85.60 ملم × 53.98 ملم × 0.79 ملم). الإصدار الصغير الأحدث والأكثر شيوعاً له أبعاد (25 ملم × 15 ملم × 0.76 ملم).

اليابان

يحدّد نظام الخلوي الرقمي الشخصي اختصارًا (خ ر ش - PDC)  الياباني أيضًا و ت م، لكن هذا لم يسبق أن طبّق بشكل تجاري.

المراجع

اختراعات ألمانية
اختراعات أمريكية
التحكم بالوصول للحاسوب
أجهزة التشفير
بطاقات ذكية
معايير الهاتف المحمول
هواتف محمولة

وحدة تعريف المشترك


Grecii din Ungaria (în , Ellines, în ) constituie una dintre cele treisprezece minorități etnice recunoscute oficial în Ungaria prin actul Legea drepturilor minorităților etnice și naționale elaborat de Parlamentul Ungariei la data de 7 iulie 1993.

Dreptul maghiar recunoaște drepturile individuale ale minorităților, stabilește conceptul drepturilor colective ale minorităților etnice și prevede dreptul colectiv inalienabil al minorităților de a-și păstra identitatea etnică. Legea permite, de asemenea, constituirea de asociații, mișcări și partide politice cu caracter etnic sau național și mandatează folosirea fără restricții a limbilor etnice. Pentru a fi recunoscut, un grup etnic trebuie să aibă o prezență de cel puțin 100 de ani în țară, iar membrii săi trebuie să fie cetățeni ai statului.

Migrațiile cele mai timpurii ale grecilor pe teritoriul actual al Ungariei (ca parte a Imperiului Austriac) au fost menționate în documente din secolele al XV-lea și al XVI-lea și au constat în principal din persoane cu educație înaltă. Migrații în masă nu au avut loc până în secolul al XVII-lea, cele mai mari valuri fiind în 1718 și 1760-1770; acestea au fost legate în principal de înrăutățirea situațiilor economice în acele perioade. Se estimează că 10.000 de greci au emigrat în Ungaria în a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea.

Comunitatea greacă din ziua de azi este formată în principal din refugiați politici din perioada Războiului Civil Grec și numără 2.509 de persoane conform recensământului din 2001. În satul Beloiannisz (în , Beloyannis), fondat în 1950 de către refugiații greci, primarul este în mod tradițional un grec, deși numărul grecilor a scăzut la aproximativ 300 dintr-o populație totală de 1.200 de persoane.

Referințe

Legături externe
 / Self-government of the Greeks of Hungary
 / The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople - Exarchate of Hungary

Grupuri etnice din Ungaria

Grecii din Ungaria


Tommy Anton Christensen (født 20. juli 1961) er en dansk tidligere fodboldspiller, der spillede for klubber som Elche CF i Spanien, Brøndby i Danmark og Eintracht Braunschweig i Tyskland. Han spillede desuden en kamp for Danmarks fodboldlandshold.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra AGF
Fodboldspillere fra PSV Eindhoven
Fodboldspillere fra Elche CF
Fodboldspillere fra Leicester City F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Portsmouth F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Brøndby IF
Fodboldspillere fra Vejle Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra Eintracht Braunschweig

Tommy Christensen