The Age of Innocence is a 1920 novel by American author Edith Wharton. It was her eighth novel, and was initially serialized in 1920 in four parts, in the magazine Pictorial Review. Later that year, it was released as a book by D. Appleton & Company. It won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, making Wharton the first woman to win the prize. Though the committee had initially agreed to give the award to Sinclair Lewis for Main Street, the judges, in rejecting his book on political grounds, "established Wharton as the American 'First Lady of Letters. The story is set in the 1870s, in upper-class, "Gilded Age" New York City. Wharton wrote the book in her 50s, after she was already established as a major author in high demand by publishers.

Background
The Age of Innocence, which was set in the time of Wharton's childhood, was a softer and gentler work than The House of Mirth, which Wharton had published in 1905. In her autobiography, Wharton wrote of The Age of Innocence that it had allowed her to find "a momentary escape in going back to my childish memories of a long-vanished America... it was growing more and more evident that the world I had grown up in and been formed by had been destroyed in 1914." Scholars and readers alike agree that The Age of Innocence is fundamentally a story which struggles to reconcile the old with the new.

Wharton was raised in the old world of rigid and proper New York society which features in the story. She had spent her middle years, including the whole of World War I, in Europe, where the devastation of a new kind of mechanized warfare was felt most deeply. As explained by Millicent Bell in the Cambridge companion to Wharton, "The Age of Innocence was composed and first read in the aftermath of [Theodore] Roosevelt's death and in the immediate wake of World War I. We frame the ending remembering the multiple losses... not only the loss of Roosevelt but the destruction of the prewar world and all that Wharton valued in it."

The Age of Innocence centers on an upper-class couple's impending marriage, and the introduction of the bride's cousin, plagued by scandal, whose presence threatens their happiness. Though the novel questions the assumptions and morals of 1870s New York society, it never develops into an outright condemnation of the institution. The novel is noted for Wharton's attention to detail and its accurate portrayal of how the 19th-century East Coast American upper class lived, as well as for the social tragedy of its plot. Wharton was 58 years old at publication; she had lived in that world and had seen it change dramatically by the end of World War I.

The title is an ironic comment on the polished outward manners of New York society when compared to its inward machinations. It is believed to have been drawn from the popular painting A Little Girl by Sir Joshua Reynolds that later became known as The Age of Innocence (though Reynolds himself never called it that; the title was given by the engraver Joseph Grozer in 1794), and was widely reproduced as the commercial face of childhood in the later half of the 18th century. The title, while ironic, was not as caustic as the title of the story featured in The House of Mirth, which Wharton had published in 1905.

Plot summary
Newland Archer, gentleman lawyer and heir of one of New York City's most illustrious families, happily anticipates his highly desirable marriage to the sheltered and beautiful May Welland. But he finds reason to doubt his choice of bride after the appearance of Countess Ellen Olenska, May's exotic and beautiful cousin. Ellen strikes Archer as the opposite of the innocent and ignorant May. She has returned to New York from Europe after scandalously separating herself (per rumor) from a disastrous marriage to a Polish count. At first, Ellen's arrival and its potential effect on the reputation of his bride-to-be's family disturbs Newland, but he becomes intrigued by Ellen, who brazenly flouts New York society's fastidious rules. As Newland's admiration for her grows, so do his doubts about marrying May, a perfect product of Old New York society; the match no longer seems the ideal fate he had imagined.

Ellen's decision to divorce Count Olenska causes a social crisis for the other members of her family, who are terrified of scandal and disgrace. Living apart can be tolerated, but divorce is unacceptable. To save the Wellands' reputation, a law partner of Newland asks him to dissuade Ellen from going through with the divorce. He succeeds, but in the process comes to care for her. Afraid of falling in love with Ellen, Newland begs May to elope and accelerate their wedding date, but she refuses.

Some weeks later, Newland tells Ellen he loves her; Ellen reciprocates, but is horrified that their love will hurt May, and so does not want him to leave May for her. Newland receives May's telegram agreeing to wed sooner.

Newland and May marry. He tries to forget Ellen. His society marriage is mediocre, and the social life he once found absorbing has become empty and joyless. Though Ellen lives in Washington and has remained distant, he is unable to cease loving her. Their paths cross while he and May are in Newport, Rhode Island. Newland discovers that Count Olenska wishes Ellen to return to him, but she has refused, although her family wants her to reconcile with him and return to Europe. Frustrated by her independence, the family has cut off her money, as the count had already done.

Newland obsessively seeks a way to leave May and be with Ellen. Despairing of ever making Ellen his wife, he urges her to run away with him, but she refuses. Then Ellen is recalled to New York City to care for her sick grandmother, who accepts her decision to remain separated and agrees to reinstate her allowance.

Back in New York and under renewed pressure from Newland, Ellen relents and agrees to meet with him in secret to consummate their relationship. But shortly after their conversation, Newland discovers that Ellen has decided to return to Europe. When May announces that she and Newland are throwing a farewell party for Ellen, Newland makes up his mind to abandon May and follow Ellen to Europe. That night, after the party, Newland resolves to tell May he is leaving her for Ellen. She interrupts him to tell him that she learned that morning that she is pregnant; she reveals that she had told Ellen of her pregnancy two weeks earlier, despite not being sure of it at the time. The implication is that May did so because she suspected the affair and that this is Ellen's reason for returning to Europe. Hopelessly trapped, Newland decides to remain with May and not to follow Ellen, surrendering his love for his child's sake.

Twenty-six years later, after May's death, Newland and his eldest son are in Paris. The son, learning that his mother's cousin lives there, has arranged to visit Ellen in her Paris apartment. Newland is stunned at the prospect of seeing Ellen again. On arriving outside the apartment building, Newland sends up his son alone to meet Ellen, while he waits outside, watching the balcony of her apartment. Newland considers going up, but in the end decides not to; he walks back to his hotel without seeing her. Newland's final words about the love affair are "It's more real to me here than if I went up."

Major characters

Newland Archer
The story's protagonist is a young, popular, and successful lawyer living with his mother and sister in an elegant New York City house. Since childhood, his life has been shaped by the customs and expectations of upper-class New York City society. His engagement to May Welland is one in a string of accomplishments. At the story's start, he is proud and content to dream about a traditional marriage in which he will be the husband-teacher and she the wife-student. His life changes when he meets Countess Ellen Olenska. Through his relationship with her—first friendship, then love—he begins questioning the values on which he was raised. He sees the sexual inequality of New York society and the shallowness of its customs, and struggles to balance social commitment to May with love for Ellen. He cannot find a place for their love in the intricate, judgmental web of New York society. Throughout the story, he transgresses the boundaries of acceptable behavior for love of Ellen: first following her to Skuytercliff, then Boston, and finally deciding to follow her to Europe (though he changes his mind). In the end, Newland finds that the only place for their love is in his memories. Some scholars see Wharton most in Newland, rather than Ellen.

May Welland
Newland Archer's fiancée, then wife. Raised to be a perfect wife and mother, she follows and perfectly obeys all of society's customs. Mostly, she is the shallow, uninterested and uninteresting young woman that New York society requires. When they are in St. Augustine, though, May gives Newland a rare glimpse of the maturity and compassion he had previously ignored. She offers to release him from their engagement so he can marry the woman he truly loves, thinking he wants to be with Mrs. Rushworth, a married woman with whom he had recently ended a love affair. When he assures May that he loves only her, May appears to trust him, at least at first. Yet after their marriage, she suspects that Newland is Ellen's lover. Nonetheless, May pretends to be happy before society, maintaining the illusion that she and he have the perfect marriage expected of them. Her unhappiness activates her manipulative nature, and Newland does not see it until too late. To drive Ellen away from him, May tells Ellen of her pregnancy before she is certain of it. Yet there still is compassion in May, even in their mediocre marriage's long years after Ellen's leaving. After May's death, Newland Archer learns she had always known of his continued love for Ellen; as May lay dying, she told their son Dallas that the children could always trust their father, Newland, because he surrendered the thing most meaningful to him out of loyalty to their marriage. Outwardly, May is a picture of Innocence.

Ellen Olenska
May's cousin and Mrs. Manson Mingott's granddaughter. She became a countess by marrying Polish Count Olenski, a European nobleman. Her husband was allegedly cruel and abusive, stole Ellen's fortune and had affairs with other women. When the story begins, Ellen has fled her unhappy marriage, lived in Venice with her husband's secretary, and has returned to her family in New York City. She is a free spirit who helps Newland Archer see beyond narrow New York society. She treats her maid, Nastasia, as an equal, offering the servant her own cape before sending her out on an errand. She attends parties with disreputable people such as Julius Beaufort and Mrs. Lemuel Struthers, and she invites Newland, the fiancé of her cousin May, to visit her. Ellen suffers as much as Newland from their impossible love, but she is willing to live in emotional limbo so long as they can love each other at a distance. Ellen's love for Newland drives her important decisions: dropping divorce from Count Olenski, remaining in America, and offering Newland choice of sexual consummation only once, and then disappearing from his life. Her conscience and responsibility to family complicate her love for Newland. When she learns of May's pregnancy, Ellen immediately decides to leave America, refusing Newland's attempt to follow her to Europe, and so allow cousin May to start her family with her husband Newland. The reception of Ellen's character has changed over time. From a willful temptress to a fabulously independent woman, far ahead of her time, one thing is for certain: "Ellen has only to walk alone across a drawing room to offend its definitions."

Mrs. Manson Mingott
The matriarch of the powerful Mingott family, and grandmother to Ellen and May. She was born Catherine Spicer, to an inconsequential family. Widowed at 28, she has ensured her family's social position through her own shrewdness and force of character. She controls her family: at Newland's request, she has May and Mrs. Welland agree to an earlier wedding date. She controls the money—withholding Ellen's living allowance (when the family is angry with Ellen), and having niece Regina Beaufort ask for money when in financial trouble. Mrs. Mingott is a maverick in the polite world of New York society, at times pushing the boundaries of acceptable behavior, such as receiving guests in her house's ground floor, though society associates that practice with women of questionable morals. Her welcoming Ellen is viewed skeptically, and she insists the rest of the family support Ellen. Mrs. Mingott was inspired by Edith Wharton's own portly great-great-aunt, Mary Mason Jones, who is said to have given rise to the phrase "Keeping up with the Joneses", due to her belief that fashionable society would always strive to keep up with her.

Mrs. Augusta Welland
May's mother, who has raised her daughter to be a proper society lady. May's dullness, lack of imagination, and rigid views of appropriate and inappropriate behavior are a consequence of this influence. Augusta has effectively trained her husband, the weak-willed Mr. Welland, to conform to her desires and wishes. Mrs. Welland is the driving force behind May's commitment to a long engagement. Without her mother's influence, May might have agreed sooner to Newland's request for an earlier wedding date. After a few years of marriage, Newland Archer foresees in May the attributes of his mother-in-law — a woman who is stolid, unimaginative, and dull. Later he comes to experience the same molding by May which was imposed upon Mr. Welland.

Minor characters
Christine Nilsson: A famous singer who performs in the opera Faust on the night of Archer and May's engagement. She sings in the same opera two years later.
 Mrs. Lovell Mingott: May and Ellen's aunt, and the daughter-in-law of Mrs. Manson Mingott.
 Lawrence Lefferts: A wealthy young man and a member of Archer's social circle. He is considered the expert on manners. Archer believes that Lefferts is behind New York society's rude refusal to attend the welcome dinner for Ellen. According to Archer, Lefferts makes a big show of his morality every time that his wife, Mrs. Gertrude Lefferts, suspects that he is having an affair.
 Sillerton Jackson: The expert on the families that make up New York society. He knows who is related to whom, and the history of every important family. Mrs. Archer and Janey invite him over for dinner when they want to catch up on gossip.
 Julius Beaufort: An arrogant British banker who tries to have an affair with Ellen. He even follows her to Skuytercliff during the weekend that Archer goes to visit Ellen. His banking business eventually fails, and he leaves New York society in disgrace. His downfall is probably inspired by the Panic of 1873.
 Regina Beaufort: Julius Beaufort's wife and Mrs. Manson Mingott's niece. She comes to Mrs. Mingott to ask for a loan when her husband's bank fails. Her visit causes Mrs. Mingott to have a stroke.
 Janey Archer: Archer's dowdy, unmarried sister who never goes out and relies on Archer. She and her mother invite guests to dinner so they can gossip about New York society. Janey disapproves of Ellen, because she is unconventional and independent, and does not simply tolerate her husband's abuse.
 Mrs. Adeline Archer: Archer's widowed mother. She does not get out to events often, but loves to hear about society. She and Janey strongly believe in the values of New York society. Like Janey, she views Ellen with suspicion. Henry van der Luyden is her cousin. She is said to be based partly on Edith Wharton's own mother, Lucretia Rhinelander.
 Mrs. Lemuel Struthers: A woman on the fringes of New York society. She is treated with mistrust and scorn until Ellen befriends her. She eventually becomes popular; at the end of the novel, May thinks it appropriate to go to her parties.
 Count Olenska: Ellen's husband, a dissolute aristocrat who drove Ellen away with neglect and misery. At first, Count Olenska is content to let Ellen go. Later, though, he sends his secretary to America to ask Ellen to return, with the stipulation that she only appear as his hostess occasionally. He never appears in the story, but is described as half-paralyzed and very pale, with thick feminine eyelashes. He constantly cheats on Ellen, and a veiled remark of Lefferts' implies that he copulates with men, too. What other abuses and infidelities he commits are unknown, but he seems quite malicious.
 Sophy Jackson: Sillerton Jackson's unmarried sister. She is a friend of Janey and Mrs. Archer.
 Louisa and Henry van der Luyden: Cousins of the Archers, and the most powerful people in New York society. They only mingle with people when they are trying to save society. Mrs. Archer goes to the Van der Luydens after New York society snubs Ellen. They invite her to a very exclusive party in honor of the Duke of St. Austrey to show society that they support her. They are said to be based on the Van Rensselaers, who were cousins of Edith Wharton.
 Duke of St Austrey: An English Duke. A cousin of the Van der Luydens, he is the guest of honor at a dinner party thrown by them. Both Ellen and Archer find him dull.
 Nastasia: Ellen's Italian maid. She invites Archer and the other guests to wait in Ellen's sitting room.
 Mr. Letterblair: The senior partner of Archer's law firm. He gives Archer the responsibility of talking Ellen out of her plans to divorce the Count.
 Mrs. Rushworth: The vain married woman with whom Archer had an affair before his engagement to May.
 Ned Winsett: A journalist. He and Archer are friends, despite their different social circles. He is one of the few people with whom Archer feels that he can have a meaningful conversation. Ned Winsett challenges Archer to think of things outside society.
 Reggie Chivers: An important member of society. Archer spends a weekend at their country home on the Hudson River.
 Marchioness Medora Manson: The aunt who took Ellen to Europe as a child. She now lives in Washington, where Ellen goes to take care of her. During a visit to New York, she tries to persuade Archer to convince Ellen that she should return to the Count. Beaufort's bank failure eventually ruins Mrs. Manson's fortune, and she moves back to Europe with Ellen.
 Dr. Agathon Carver: A friend (and possible love interest) of the Marchioness Manson. Archer meets him at Ellen's house.
 Du Lac aunts: Archer's elderly aunts. They offer their country home to May and Archer for their honeymoon.
 Mrs. Carfry: An English acquaintance of Janey and Mrs. Archer. She invites Archer and May to a dinner party while they are on their European wedding tour.
 M. Rivière: The French tutor of Mrs. Carfry's nephew. He fascinates Archer with his life story and intellect. Later, Archer learns that he was Count Olenski's secretary and the man who helped Ellen escape her marriage. The count sends him to Boston to try to convince Ellen to return to Europe.
 Blenker family: The unfashionable, socially inferior family with whom the Marchioness and Ellen stay while in Newport. They are the guests of honor at Mrs. Emerson Sillerton's party, and seem to be a clever, kind bunch.
 Dallas Archer: May and Archer's eldest child. He takes his father on a trip to Europe. Through Dallas, Archer learns that May felt sorry for his empty heart after Ellen left.
 Fanny Beaufort: Dallas Archer's fiancée and the daughter of Julius Beaufort and his second wife. She asks Dallas to visit Ellen while he and Archer are in Paris.

Themes
One of the most prominent themes that can be seen throughout the text is the idea of wealth and social class. The characters take pride in their social standings and those that come from "old money" feel threatened by those that are coming from "new money". The characters' lives revolve around staying up to date on the latest fashion, gatherings, appearances, etc. Being accepted by this high society is the most important thing to the people in this novel and they're willing to do anything to be accepted. Being accepted by high-class acquaintances is another common theme that is displayed throughout this novel. Another theme that is clear in the novel is love, whether it be the love between Newland Archer and May Wellend, or the undeniable love and lust between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska. Newland Archer's infatuation with May Welland's innocence can't be missed in the beginning scenes of the novel. The theme of innocence changes throughout the novel, as May states she is pregnant only to ensure that Ellen stays away from Newland.

Changing perceptions of The Age of Innocence
Helen Killoran explains in The Critical Reception of Edith Wharton that critics have always admired Wharton's craftsmanship, her attention to structure, and her subtle ironies, along with her description of interiors (attributed to her time as an interior designer). In the decades since the book's publication, critics have placed more stress on the portrayal of money and class distinctions in the book.

Ellen Olenska and May Welland have also long been at the heart of critical discussion. Originally perceived as having done the right thing by talking about her pregnancy in order to save her marriage, May Welland can also be seen as manipulative rather than sympathetically desperate. Ellen Olenska brings up the general woman question in modern literary criticism.

Rather than focusing on the lavish lifestyle which Newland Archer has not had to work for, some modern readers identify with his grim outlook.

Hillary Kelly suggests that Wharton's "status made her story more than believable—it made the story real ... Novelists before Wharton understood that storytelling was an act of exposure, but she built it into the architecture of The Age of Innocence and weaponized it."

Film, television, and theatrical adaptations

In 1924, a silent-film adaptation was released by Warner Brothers. Directed by Wesley Ruggles, it starred Beverly Bayne as Countess Olenska and Elliott Dexter as Newland Archer. This film is now lost.
In 1928, Margaret Ayer Barnes adapted the novel for the stage. It was produced first on Broadway, where it starred Katharine Cornell as Countess Olenska.
In 1934, a film adaptation was directed for RKO Studios by Philip Moeller (based on both the novel and the play), starring Irene Dunne as Countess Olenska, and John Boles as Archer.
In 1993, Martin Scorsese directed a film adaptation, starring Michelle Pfeiffer as Countess Olenska, Daniel Day-Lewis as Archer, and Winona Ryder as May Welland Archer, with Richard E. Grant and Miriam Margolyes. Ryder earned an Academy Award nomination and a Golden Globe for her performance, and the film also won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design.
In 2009, an episode of the television teen drama Gossip Girl titled "The Age of Dissonance" was broadcast, in which characters put on a production of a play version of The Age of Innocence and find their personal lives mirroring the play.
In 2018, a stage adaptation by Douglas McGrath starring Sierra Boggess and Boyd Gaines was produced by The Hartford Stage and McCarter Theatre.

References

External links

Editions

  (1920 first edition)

 Photos of the first edition

Resources
 The Age of Innocence at Literapedia

Adaptations
1947 Theatre Guild on the Air radio adaptation at Internet Archive

1920 American novels
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel-winning works
Novels by Edith Wharton
American novels adapted into films
Novels first published in serial form
Novels set in New York City
Novels set in Rhode Island
Novels set in the 1870s
D. Appleton & Company books
American novels adapted into television shows
American novels adapted into plays
Works originally published in Pictorial Review

The Age of Innocence


Peltandreae, maleni afrički tribus kozlačevki, dio je potporodice Aroideae. Sastoji se od dva roda</small>  sa 3 vrste iz Sjeverne Amerike i Afrike.

Rodovi
 Peltandra Raf., 2 vrste, Sjeverna Amerika
 Typhonodorum Schott, 1 vrsta, Komori, Madagaskar, Mauricijus, Tanzanija.

Izvori

Aroideae

Peltandreae


Lüder Halenbeck (* 21. Mai 1841 in Vegesack; † 19. Februar 1895 in Bremen) war ein deutscher Pädagoge, Heimatforscher und Schriftsteller.

Biografie
Halenbeck stammte aus einer seit dem frühen 18. Jahrhundert in Vegesack ansässigen Familie von Kahnschiffern und Seefahrern. Sein Geburtshaus befand sich in der Weserstraße 3. Er war seit 1869 mit Tibeta Kautzner (1842–1897) aus Vegesack verheiratet, mit der er fünf Kinder hatte.

Halenbeck war ab 1861 Lehrer an der evangelischen Stephanischule in Bremen und nach 1866 an privaten Lehrinstituten (Janson, Struckmann) in Bremen tätig. Er gilt als Nestor der Heimatforschung für Vegesack und Bremen-Nord. Seine historischen Veröffentlichungen basieren auf Recherchen in Archiven, Erzählungen und der eigenen Anschauung. Sie bieten bis heute zahlreiche Anknüpfungspunkte für Forschungen und die Grundlage zur Regionalgeschichtsschreibung der Region Bremen-Nord. Darüber hinaus war er ein großer Freund der Natur und hat zahlreiche Wanderführer herausgegeben, die er mit kenntnisreichen historischen Informationen und Hinweisen auf Geologie, Flora und Fauna angereichert hat.

Er ist am 19. Februar 1897 (nicht am 12. Februar wie bei Kühtmann und Schwarzwälder angegeben) an den Folgen eines Schlaganfalls verstorben, als er einen Freund, den Bremer Geographen Alwin Oppel, besuchen wollte. Er wurde am 23. Februar 1897 auf dem Waller Friedhof beigesetzt (Grab EE 66a). Sein Grabmal hat sich nicht erhalten.

Ein Teil seines schriftlichen Nachlasses, darunter unveröffentlichte Manuskripte, befindet sich im Archiv des Vegesacker Heimatmuseums Schloss Schönebeck. Eine Handschrift Zur Geschichte der Kirche St. Stephani von 1872 gehört zum Kriegsverlust der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen. Das Manuskript Friedrich von der Borch, der erste seines Geschlechtes auf Haus 'Schönebeck' und seine Nachkommen ist dort als Kopie erhalten geblieben.

Ehrungen
 In Vegesack wurde die Halenbeckstraße nach ihm benannt (früher Schmalestraße).

Werke
 Zur Geschichte der Stadt Vegesack. Ein Beitrag zur Heimathkunde, Vegesack (Rohr) 1874 (Nachdruck Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1979),
 Geschichte der Stadt Vegesack. Ein Beitrag zur Heimatkunde und bremischen Geschichte, 2. erweiterte Auflage, Vegesack (Rohr) 1893
 Blumenthal und Schönebeck. Ein Beitrag zur bremischen Geschichte, Vegesack (Rohr) 1878 (Nachdruck Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1979)
 Ausflüge in Bremens weitere Umgebung. Führer für Touristen, zuerst erschienen in 10 Heften, Bremen 1878–1881, (Nachdruck zum Teil im Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1983)
 1. Eine Dampfschiffahrt nach Vegesack, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1878
 2. Vegesack und Umgebung, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1878 (Nachdruck 1979)
 3. Ritterhude, Stoteler Wald, Elm, Osterholz-Scharmbeck, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1881 (Nachdruck 1983)
 4. Eine Fahrt nach dem Weiherberge, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1878 (Nachdruck 1983)
 5. Syke und seine Umgebung, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1878
 6. Der Dümmer und seine Umgebung, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1878
 7. Delmenhorst, Stühe, Hasbruch, Hude, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1882
 8. Das Zwischenahner Meer und seine Umgebung, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1878
 9. St. Jürgensland, Bremen 1881 (Nachdruck 1983)
 10. Die Ahlhorner Heide, Bremen 1881
 Nach Norderney und Helgoland. Eine Unterweser-, Watt- und Nordseefahrt, Bremen (Kühtmann) 1883
 Excursions-Karte zur Umgebung von Vegesack, Bremen (Hunckel) 1885
 Uebersichts-Karte der Nordsee-Küste von der Elbe bis zur Ems, 3. Aufl. Bremen (von Halem) 1885; 4. Aufl. Bremen (ca. 1887).
 Rittergut Marßel, Vegesack (Rohr) 1888.
 50 Ausflüge in die Umgebung von Bremen, Bremen (Hampe) 1893
 Geschichte des Fleckens Scharmbeck und der Güter Sandbeck und Bilohe (aus dem Nachlass bearbeitet von Heinrich Schriefer, hrsg. Joh. Steeneck), Vegesack (Rohr) 1897

Literatur
 Alfred Kühtmann: Lüder Halenbeck. In: Bremische Biographie des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, Hrsg. Historische Gesellschaft Bremen, Bremen 1912 (Nachdruck Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1976), S. 199 f.
 Diedrich Steilen: Geschichte der bremischen Hafenstadt Vegesack, Vegesack (Rohr) o. J. (1926), S. 147–149.
 Herbert Schwarzwälder: Das Große Bremen-Lexikon. 2., aktualisierte, überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X.

Einzelnachweise

Pädagoge (19. Jahrhundert)
Volkskundler
Autor
Schriftsteller (Bremen)
Person (Vegesack)
Heimatforscher (Bremen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1841
Gestorben 1895
Mann

Lüder Halenbeck


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}}Semisvodni'  es un jútor del raión de Slaviansk del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en los arrozales situados entre los distributarios del delta del Kubán, 12 km al oeste de Slaviansk-na-Kubani y 85 al oeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 1 222 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Protokskoye.

 Historia

La población fue fundada en 1935 como unión de siete caseríos más pequeños (Laktionova, Shcherbaka, Doroshki, Svistelniki, Kuternegi, Posmashnogo y Kravchenki) y de esta composición deriva su nombre, Semisvodni. En la década de 1920 son creadas varias TOZ en los jútores, que en la década siguiente se unirían en el koljós Karla Marksa (a partir de 1950, koljós Stalin; a partir de 1957, koljós Kubán).

 Lugares de interés

Cerca de la localidad se halla el memorial sobre la fosa en la que yacen los caídos en la defensa y posterior liberación de la misma durante la Gran Guerra Patria de 1942-1943.

 Economía

El principal sector económico de la localidad es el agrícola, en especial el cultivo de arroz, siendo la compañía más representativa la sección n.º1 de la ZAO APF Kubán.

 Servicios sociales

La población cuenta con una escuela general básica, un Club de Cultura rural, una biblioteca y un punto de enfermería, entre otros establecimientos.

 Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde  este enlace. Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición rusa de Wikipedia, Семисводный.''
 Artículo sobre la localidad
 Mapa en vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Slaviansk del krai de Krasnodar
Localidades establecidas en 1935

Semisvodni


La Coupe des Pays-Bas de football 1900-1901, nommée la KNVB Beker, est la  de la Coupe des Pays-Bas.

Déroulement de la compétition
Tous les tours se jouent en élimination directe. À chaque tour, un tirage au sort est effectué pour déterminer les adversaires.

Finale
La finale se joue le  à Haarlem, le HBS La Haye bat le RAP Amsterdam 4 à 3, après prolongation, et remporte son premier titre.

Notes et références
KNVB Beker 1900-1901 sur voetbalarchieven.nl

1900-1901
1900 aux Pays-Bas
1901 aux Pays-Bas
Pays-Bas


ملعب براقي رسميًا ملعب نيلسون مانديلا هو ملعب بسعة . وهو ملعب مغطى بالكامل. تقوم شركة صينية ببناء الملعب الموجه للفرق العاصمية التي تعاني من ضغط الملاعب الصغيرة، والمنتخبات الوطنية. بلغت التكلفة المبدئية للملعب 18 مليار دينار جزائري (حوالي 280 مليون دولار). بدأ العمل بالملعب في 2009 ومن المزمع تدشينه يوم 7 يناير 2023 وستكون المباراة التحضيرية للمنتخب الجزائري أمام نظيره الليبي، أول مباراة تجري فيه. كما سيقام حفل افتتاح بطولة أمم إفريقيا للمحليين 2022 يوم 13 يناير في الملعب، بحضور رئيس الاتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم (الفيفا)، جياني إنفانتينو، ورئيس الاتحاد الأفريقي باتريس موتسيبيه.

المواصفات
 يتسع لأربعين ألف متفرج منها 6500 مقعد للشخصيات الهامة،
 مدرج للصحفيين يحتوي على 240 مقعد،
 22 غرفة لكبار الشخصيات،
 أرضية ميدان ذات عشب طبيعي مائة بالمائة،
 ميدان للتدريبات،
 مواقف لسيارات الجمهور تتسع لأكثر من 2000 مكان،
 حظيرة خاصة بالرسميين وأخرى بوسائل الإعلام.
 قاعة للمحاضرات تضم 250 مقعد لاحتضان الندوات الصحفية،
 أربع غرف تغيير الملابس،
 10 منصات تتسع لـ36 كاميرا للبث التلفزيوني

المخطط الأصلي للملعب
وفي مخطّطه الأصلي، يكون الملعب ذو أرضية معشوشبة طبيعيا، وكان من المقرر أن يحتوي الملعب على 60 ألف مقعد، لكن جرى تخفيض السعة إلى 40 ألف مقعد مغطاة بالكامل.

قررت الدولة الجزائرية بناء محطة برية لنقل المسافرين بحي كوريفة بالحراش، القريب جدا من مكان ملعب براقي الجديد، للسماح بوصول الأنصار إلى الملعب وقت المباراة، فضلاً عن محطة كوريفة للنقل بالسكك الحديدية، والتي أنجزت وتربط بين الجزائر وزرالدة، وأن الأشغال جارية لتشييد مخرجين لملعب براقي الجديد لربطه بالطريق السريع الرابط بين بن عكنون والدار البيضاء، والطريق السريع الآخر بين براقي والبليدة، وذلك من أجل تفادي الازدحام على الطرق المؤدية إلى الملعب أوقات المباريات.

تاريخ

في 2007، أطلقت وزارة الشباب والرياضة مناقصة دولية لبناء مركب براقي، العملية شاركت فيها ثلاث مؤسسات هي: المقاولون العرب المصرية، والشركتان الصينيتان "CSCEC" و"CRCEG"، وفازت الأخيرة بالمناقصة. بكلفة قدّرت في البداية بمائة مليون دولار (ما يعادل نحو 7.81 مليار دينار) وجرى تحديد مدة الإنجاز بــ29 شهرا ابتداء من 2009.

في 2009، الانطلاق الرسمي للأشغال. لكن الأشغال توقفت بسبب المشاكل الفنية التي عرقلت عملية البناء كنوعية التربة ، وشبكة خطوط الكهرباء.

في أواخر 2011، الانطلاق الفعلي، مع زيادة مخصّصات المشروع بـ280 مليون دولار، ما رفع القيمة الإجمالية إلى 380 مليون دولار، ما يعادل 29.68 مليار دينار.

في 2012، نقل تسيير الإنجاز من مديرية الشباب والرياضة لولاية الجزائر إلى مديرية التجهيزات العمومية.

في 2013، وزارة الشباب والرياضة تكلف المجمع الصيني CRCEG بإنجاز هذا المشروع، بغلاف مالي قدره غلاف مالي يقدر ب (حوالي 270 مليون دولار)

في سبتمبر 2015، سلّمت وزارة الشباب والرياضة يوسف قارة المدير العام للمركب الأولمبي محمد بوضياف مهمة متابعة مشروع انجاز الملعب.

في نوفمبر 2016، بلغت نسبة تقدم أشغال بناء الملعب إلى حدود 50 بالمائة

في 12 سبتمبر 2021، توكيل الملعب إلى وزارة السكن والعمران والمدينة بقرار من رئيس الجمهورية، عبد المجيد تبون.

في 20 ديسمبر 2022، سُمّي الملعب رسميًا على اسم نيلسون مانديلا.

في 3 يناير 2023 أعلنت الاتحادية الجزائرية لكرة القدم، اليوم الثلاثاء، نقل المباراة التحضيرية للمنتخب الجزائري أمام نظيره الغاني، يوم 7 يناير 2023، من ملعب ميلود هدفي في وهران إلى ملعب نيلسون مانديلا في العاصمة.

في 4 يناير 2023 وُضعت على مدخله الرئيسي لوحة التسمية الرسمية "نيلسون مانديلا" لهذا الملعب.

في 6 يناير 2023، نشّط مجيد بوقرة مدرب المنتخب الجزائري للمحليين مؤتمراً صحفيا بِقاعة المحاضرات، التابعة لِلملعب. آخر اللمسات قبل الافتتاح.

في 7 يناير 2023 لُعبت مباراة تحضيرية بين المنتخب الجزائري ونظيره الغاني على الساعة الخامسة مساءً بتوقيت الجزائر، والتي انتهت بالتعادل السلبي.

في 9 يناير، صرّح الناخب الوطني الغاني .

الأحداث

بطولة أمم إفريقيا للمحليين 2022

وصلات خارجية
 بالفيديو..والي العاصمة زوخ يثور في وجه مسؤول الشركة الصينية المكلفة بإنجاز ملعب براقي

مراجع

مبان ومنشآت في ولاية الجزائر
ملاعب قيد الإنشاء
جزائر عاصمة
ملاعب رياضية اكتملت في 2023
عمارة القرن 21 في الجزائر

ملعب نيلسون مانديلا (الجزائر)


آه يا درب الزلق هي مسرحية كوميدية تتحدث عن قصة مجموعة من الرجال يقررون السفر إلى أوروبا وهم أبو ناصر ومشعل وأبوعبدالله، وتاخذ في قالب كوميدي يتناول إلى جانب قضية السفر واستنزاف الأموال عدة قضايا اجتماعية وواقعية. قام بتأليفها الفنان عباس مراد

القصة
يقرر ثلاثة رجال وهم أبو ناصر ومشعل وأبوعبدالله السفر إلى أوروبا, وتحدث مغامرات لهم في مكتب الحجز وفي الطائرة وفي لندن حيث يفقدون جميع أموالهم.

بطولة

 طارق العلي
 سعد بخيت
 هيا الشعيبي
 عباس مراد
 نادية كرم
 إسماعيل سرور
 أحمد الشمري

مراجع

مسرحيات كويتية

آه يا درب الزلق (مسرحية)


أحمد ظاهر (14 يونيو 1946 في لغمان - 14 يونيو 1979 في كابول) كان مغني وشاعر أفغاني. نشر سبعة وعشرين ألبوم.
ما زال يُعتبر بعد مرور  على وفاته أحد أفضل المغنين في أفغانستان.

حياته
والده عبد الظاهر سياسي معروف، كان رئيساً للوزراء في عهد حكومة محمد ظاهر شاه. شكّل في عام 1961 فرقة من الموسيقيين الهواة بدعم من عبد الغفور بريشانا في مبنى إذاعة كابول، وأقاموا أوّل حفلة لهم في سينما كابول. بعدها بثلاث سنوات قدم أحمد ظاهر أوّل حفل منفرد له في سينما كابول. درس ابتداءً من عام 1967 التربية في نيودلهي بالهند حيث كان والده آنذاك سفيرًا معتمدًا، عاد بعدها إلى أفغانستان عام 1969 واشتغل في جريدة كابول تايمز. في عام 1973 انتشرت شعبيته خارج حدود أفغانستان.

توفي أحمد ظاهر في 14 يونيو 1979 في سالانغ باس بضواحي كابول إثر حادث سيارة عن عمر الثالثة والثلاثين.

فهرس عناوين الألبومات
 1967: Dilak bin
 1967: Bahar
 1968: Shab ha ihr zulmane
 1969: Madar
 1969: Awara
 1970: Ghulam e-Qamar
 1970: Qalbaam Sultan
 1971: Az Ghamat Hy Nazaneen
 1971: Gulbadaan
 1971: Yaare Bewafa
 1971: Laily
 1972: Ahmad Zahir And Jila
 1972: Ahange Zindagee
 1973: Shab-e Hijraan
 1973: Dard-e-Dil
 1974: Neshe Gashdum
 1975: Ashiq rooyat Man
 1976: Lylee Jaan
 1977: Ahmad Zahir ba Sitara Ha
 1978: Um Baamanee
 Shamali

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 احمد ظاهر

أفغان مغتالون
أفغان مناهضون للشيوعية
بشتون
ثوريون أفغان
ضحايا حوادث الطرق
مغنون أفغان
مغنون باللغة الفارسية
مغنون ذكور أفغان في القرن 20
مغنون ذكور في القرن 20
مغنون في القرن 20
مغنون ومغنيات أفغان
مواليد 1365 هـ
مواليد 1946
مواليد في كابل (مدينة)
موسيقيون أفغانيون
ناشطو ديمقراطية أفغان
وفيات 1399 هـ
وفيات 1979
وفيات حوادث الطرق في أفغانستان

أحمد ظاهر


Nježna smilica (lat. Koeleria macrantha), vrsta jednosupnice iz roda smilica (Koeleria), porodica trava.

To je višegodišnja biljka raširena po velikim dijelovima Europe (uključujući Hrvatsku), Azije i Sjeverne Amerike.

Izvori

Smilica

Nježna smilica


Dzhumailovka  es un jútor del raión de Kalíninskaya del krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Está situado a orillas del limán Ponurski del río Ponura, un afluente del delta del río Kirpili, 5 km al suroeste de Kalíninskaya y 56 km al noroeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 1 245 habitantes en 2010.

Es cabeza del municipio Dzhumailovskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Zarechenskoye, Rashpyli, Zhuravliovka y Masenkovski.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Джумайловка.
 Mapa topográfico soviético a escala 1:100000 en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Kalíninskaya del krai de Krasnodar

Dzhumailovka


R&M Wegener en tysk virksomhed, der fremstiller hatte, som blev grundlagt i 1817. Virksomheden i den lille by Lauterbach i det centrale Hessen og har omkring 100 ansatte. Siden sommer-OL i 1964 har fremstillet beklædning til landets olympiske deltagere.

Historie
Virksomheden blev grundlagt som hattefabrik af Nicolaus Hinrich Dubbers i 1817 i den gamle bydel Bezirk Altona i Hamborg. Den lå her frem til 1867 og blev drevet af Johann Eduard Dubbers og Theodor Ferdinand Wegener, søn og svigersøn af grundlæggeren. Sidstnævntes sønner, Robert og Maximilian (hvorfra navnet R&M Wegener kommer fra), overtog senere den tekniske og kommercielle ledelse af virksomheden. I 1884 blev Robert og Maximilian Wegener sammen med deres fætter Nicolaus Hugo Dubbers, et barnebarn af firmaets grundlægger, ejere af virksomheden.

Lønningerne i Altona steg hurtigt, og Robert Wegener besluttede derfor at flytte virksomheden til Lauterbach i Hessen, hvor en bygning der tidligere var brugt til spinning var blevet sat til salg. Dette var særlig attraktivt, da der var en kraftig flod, hvorfra man kunne udnytte vandkraften, som stadig driver turbinerne til elektricitet i hele området. Den officielle flytning skete 1. marts 1884, og året efter i maj blev der ansat 50 mand. Der blev desuden opført huse til flere af medarbejdernes familier.

I april 1888, efter at Nicolaus Dubbers havde forladt selskabet, blev virksomheden omdøbt til Haarhutfabrik R.&M. Wegener. Robert Wegener trak sig tilbage i 1904, hhvorefter hans to sønner Kurt Theodor og Edgar kom ind i selskabet, og de overtog ledelsen i 1914.

I årene mellem de to verdenskrige byggede de to brødre yderligere en række meget billige huse til arbejdernes familier, da antallet af ansatte var steget til mere end 250.

Edgar Wegener faldt under anden verdenskrig, hvorefter den tilbageværende bror Kurt overtog hele ledelsen. Han blev på posten frem til sin død i en alder af 80 år den 13. november 1960.

Klaus Theodor Wegener og Hans Wegener overtog selskabets ledelse efter 1945. Mens Klaus Theodor Wegeners var på besøg i Dallas lærte han til den særlige produktion af Resistol, og fik et godt forhold til Resistol (nu Stetson). R&M Wegener fik i 1958 licens til at producere Resistols hatte.

Den 4. september 1966 omkom Klaus Wegener i et trafikuheld. I dag styres selskabet af hans ældste søn, Hans Th. Wegener.

Referencer

Litteratur
 Anton Dorow: Hutfabrik Wegener: Trotz Olympia und EM kein großes Zusatzgeschäft, in: Pfälzischer Merkur vom 4. Juni 2012 (online )

Beklædningsvirksomheder fra Tyskland
Etableret i 1817
Hattevirksomheder

R&M Wegener


La Asociación de Críticos de Cine de Utah — (UFCA)— es una organización conformada por periodistas de cine pertenecientes a algún medio de comunicación del estado de Utah, Estados Unidos.

Miembros de la asociación
Entre sus miembros se encuentran:
 Rich Bonaduce de TheReelPlace.com
 Luke Hickman de TheReelPlace.com/KEGA-FM
 Jimmy Martin de SLUG Magazine/Big Movie Mouth-Off
 Sean P. Means de Salt Lake Tribune
 Dan Metcalf de KTVX ABC-4
 Andy Morgan de KNVU-AM
 Ryan Michael Painter de KUTV 2
 Aaron Peck de Logan Herald-Journal
 Scott Renshaw de Salt Lake City Weekly
 Steve Salles de Standard-Examiner (Ogden)
 Mike Thiriot de KTHB 94.9 FM
 Missy Bird de Tooele Transcript-Bulletin
 Tony Toscano de Talking Pictures
 Jeff Michael Vice de KXRK-FM/Big Movie Mouth-Off y
 Doug Wright de KSL Movie Show.

En diciembre de cada año —y desde 2005—, sus asociados realizan una votación con el fin de entregar el denominado Utah Film Critics Association Award o UFCA Award, que está destinado a premiar a las mejores películas estrenadas durante el último año calendario, incluyendo diez categorías (Mejor película, director, actor, actriz, actor de reparto, actriz de reparto, guion, película documental, película animada y película de habla no inglesa).

Palmarés

Mejor película

Mejor director

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Premios de la Asociación de Críticos de Cine de Utah (2005-2011) en Movie City News.

Premios de cine
Asociaciones de Estados Unidos
Asociaciones gremiales
Asociaciones de críticos de cine

Asociación de Críticos de Cine de Utah


Modifikasyon, canlılarda çevrenin etkisiyle meydana gelen ve kalıtsal olmayan özelliklerdir. Çevre koşulları (ısı, ışık, sıcaklık, besin, toprak) bazı genlerin işleyişini değiştirebilir. Bu değişimler, neden olan çevre koşulları ortadan kalkınca eski haline döner. Yapılan birçok araştırma modifikasyonların kalıtsal olmadığını göstermiştir.

Modifikasyonlar, geçici ve kalıcı olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Geçici modifikasyonlara güneşlenme sonucunda tenin bronzlaşması ve antrenmanların kaslarda neden olduğu gelişim örnek verilebilirken, ampütasyon ve organ nakli gibi olaylar ise kalıcı modifikasyonlar arasında yer almaktadır.

Lamarck'ın canlının vücudunu oluşturan parçalarda çevrenin etkisiyle medyana gelen değişim ve bu değişimin canlı üzerindeki etkisi üzerine yaptığı araştırmalar, modifikasyona örnektir.

August Weismann, fareler üzerinde yaptığı deneylerle sonradan kazanılmış karakterlerin kalıtsal olmadığını ispatlamıştır. Weismann, farelerin 20 döl boyunca kuyruklarını kestiği halde, 21. dölde de kuyruklu farelerin doğduğunu gözlemlemiştir.

Modifikasyonlara örnek olarak şunlar verilebilir:

 Arı kovanında döllenmiş yumurtalardan oluşan larvalar; arı sütü ile beslenirse kraliçe arı, bal özü ile beslenirse işçi arılar gelişir.
 Çuha çiçeği; 15-20 derecede yetiştirilirse kırmızı renkli olur, 30-35 derecede yetiştirilirse beyaz renkli olur.
 Himalaya tavşanlarının beyaz tüyleri kazınıp üstüne buz konunca yeni çıkan tüyler siyahtır.
 Sirke sinekleri 18 derecede doğarlarsa kıvrık, 34 derecede doğarlarsa düz kanatlı olurlar.
 Ortanca çiçeği asidik toprakta kırmızı, bazik toprakta mavi renkte çiçek açar.
 Tek yumurta ikizleri büyüdükleri ortama göre boy ve kilo farkı gösterir.
 Çekirge larvaları 16 derecede gelişirse benekli, 25 derecede gelişirse beneksiz olur.
 Karahindiba bitkisinin dağlarda yetişenleri kısa, ovalarda yetişenleri uzun boylu olur.

Kaynakça
Genetik

Modifikasyon


An Anthoxanthum dregeanum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Otto Stapf. An Anthoxanthum dregeanum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthoxanthum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthoxanthum

Anthoxanthum dregeanum


Die Zeitschrift OMNIBUSREVUE (Eigenschreibweise) ist eine monatlich erscheinende Zeitschrift aus dem Verlag Heinrich Vogel, die sich an Verkehrsunternehmen bzw. Busunternehmer und Reiseveranstalter in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz richtet. Sie berichtet über Trends, verkehrspolitische und rechtliche Themen sowie Neuigkeiten aus den Bereichen Management, Technik, Touristik und Handel.

Auflage und Reichweite
Die OMNIBUSREVUE erscheint seit 1950. Die derzeitige Druckauflage beträgt 7.000 Exemplare. Die tatsächlich verbreitete Auflage beträgt im Jahresdurchschnitt 6.816 Exemplare, die verkaufte Auflage liegt bei 2.661 Exemplaren (IVW Jahresdurchschnitt, Stand: 07/17 - 06/18). Drei Viertel aller Leser der Omnibusrevue arbeiten in Führungspositionen in den Unternehmen. Sie sind zumeist Inhaber, Geschäftsführer oder Manager.

Weblinks
 Webseite der Omnibusrevue

Verkehrsfachzeitschrift (Deutschland)
Ersterscheinung 1950
Deutschsprachige Monatszeitschrift
Verlag Heinrich Vogel

Omnibusrevue


A Aliança do Vale de Juba (em somali: Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba) é uma facção política da Guerra Civil Somali. Foi o principal oponente do Movimento Patriótico Somali e do Conselho de Reconciliação e Restauração Somali disputando o controle de Kismayo e do vale do rio Juba, a área conhecida como Jubaland.

Histórico
Após o colapso da autoridade central na Guerra Civil Somali, o General Hersi "Morgan" declarou Jubaland independente em 3 de setembro de 1998.

Os oponentes do general "Morgan" provinham dos clãs somalis Marehan, Ogadeni e Warsangeli. A Frente Nacional Somali dos Marehan e outros aliados tribais agruparam-se como Forças Aliadas Somalis, que expulsaram o General "Morgan" de Kismayu em junho de 1999.

A administração da Forças Aliadas Somalis renomeou-se Aliança do Vale de Juba em junho de 2001 e deu seu apoio ao Governo Federal de Transição. O líder do Aliança do Vale de Juba é o coronel Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale, que mais tarde se tornou ministro da Defesa do governo transitório. O comandante da milícia do grupo era o coronel Abdulahi Sheik Ismael Fara-Tag.

Em 18 de junho de 2001, um conselho interclã de onze membros decidiu aliar a Aliança do Vale de Juba ao recém-criado Governo Federal de Transição.

Em 6 de agosto de 2001, após dez dias de combates pesados em uma batalha envolvendo 40 technicals e 1.000 milicianos, a Aliança do Vale de Juba tomou a cidade de Jilib do Conselho de Reconciliação e Restauração da Somália.

Em 2002, a Aliança do Vale de Juba lutou com o Conselho de Reconciliação e Restauração da Somália, que se opôs ao Governo Federal de Transição, resultando na fuga de 6.000 refugiados de Bulo Hawa. Em 2003, havia 15.000 pessoas deslocadas internamente acomodadas em Kismayo. Os combates em todo o sul e centro da Somália resultaram em 86.000 deslocados internos em 2004. As minas terrestres foram citadas como um problema que afeta a área devido aos combates entre as duas organizações.

Guerra da Somália

A Aliança do Vale de Juba sofreu a perda de Kismayo em setembro de 2006 por um arranjo de forças da União das Cortes Islâmicas com 130 technicals, e mais uma derrota durante a conquista do Vale de Juba pelos islamistas em outubro de 2006.

Em 23 de setembro, as forças da União das Cortes Islâmicas sob o comando do xeique Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki abordaram Jilib, a caminho de Kismayo. As forças da Aliança do Vale de Juba retiraram-se sem lutar. Depois que a cidade caiu, em 24 de setembro, prometeu paz à cidade depois que milicianos islamistas interromperam uma manifestação anti-islâmica com tiros, matando três adolescentes. Em 3 de outubro, tomaram Afmadow. Sakow caiu para os islamistas em 25-28 de outubro depois que derrotaram militarmente a Aliança do Vale de Juba. Em 13 de dezembro, Salagle também caiu.  O município de Baardhere, na região de Gedo, foi o último galardão procurado pela União das Cortes Islâmicas, mas a população de lá recusou-se a realizar esse objetivo; a população de Gedo e Bardera em particular, desaprovavam os islamistas e de seu ataque a Kismayo. O controle total da União das Cortes Islâmicas sobre o sul da Somália tornou-se impossível neste momento. Todos os lados, se reagruparam e estabeleceram novas alianças e novas frentes.

Após a Batalha de Baidoa (20 a 26 de dezembro), a Aliança do Vale de Juba começou a reassumir o controle do Vale de Juba. Em 27 de dezembro, a União das Cortes Islâmicas abandonou suas posições no Vale Juba em Salagle e Sakow, ao norte de Bu'aale.

As forças da União das Cortes Islâmicas em Kismayo foram relatadas recuando em direção a Mogadíscio e as forças do Governo Federal de Transição avançaram em direção a Bu'uale de Dinsoor, enquanto o restante das áreas do Baixo e Médio Juba estavam calmas. No entanto, assim que as forças da União das Cortes Islâmicas de Kismayo chegaram a Mogadíscio, mudaram de direção, retirando-se de volta para Kismayo. Após sua derrota na Batalha de Jilib, ao norte da cidade, as forças islamistas se retiraram e, em 1 de janeiro de 2007, Kismayo caiu sob o controle do Governo Federal de Transição e das forças etíopes sem conflito armado.

Considerando a parte integral que a Aliança do Vale de Juba desempenhou nas forças armadas do Governo Federal de Transição, pode-se dizer que a organização foi sucedida ou incorporada ao exército do governo transitório nascente.

A União das Cortes Islâmicas sufocou a economia da Somália ao colocar todos os recursos nas mãos de poucos selecionados. Embora os erros dos islamistas tenham sido muitos, o fator econômico, o ataque de Kismayo e o assassinato dos combatentes da Aliança do Vale de Juba acamados que estavam no Hospital Bu'ale aceleraram a queda do fenômeno União das Cortes Islâmicas na política somali dos últimos anos.

Facções da Guerra Civil Somali

Aliança do Vale de Juba


A redhead is a person with red hair.

Redhead or Red Head may also refer to:

Arts
 Redhead (album), a 2003 album by Bleu
 Redhead (1919 film), a 1919 American silent drama film
 Redhead (1934 film), a 1934 American drama film
 Redhead (1941 film), a 1941 Monogram Pictures comedy/romance
 Redhead (1962 film), a 1962 German-Italian drama film directed by Helmut Käutner
 Redhead (musical), a 1959 musical
 Redheads (1992 film), a 1992 Australian film
 The Red Head (1925 film), a 1925 French silent drama film
 The Red Head (1932 film), a 1932 French drama film
 The Red Head (1952 film), a 1952 French drama film

People
 Brian Redhead (1929–1994), British journalist and broadcaster known for presenting the Today programme
 Doreen Redhead (21st century), Canadian judge in Manitoba
 Jaylene Redhead (2007–2009), Canadian infanticide victim
 Leigh Redhead (born 1971), Australian writer
 Mark Redhead (20th and 21st century), British film producer and writer
 Cachointioni (died 1756), or Red Head, Onondaga leader

Places
 Red Head, Florida, a community in the United States
 Redhead, New South Wales, Australia, a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie

Biology
 Redhead (bird), a North American duck, Aythya americana
 Redhead, colloquial name for female smew ducks
 Redhead, the milkweed plant species Asclepias curassavica

Other uses
 Redheads (matches), a brand of matches sold in Australia
 All-American Red Heads, a professional women's basketball team
 Qizilbash, 15th-century Shi'ite militant group. The word is derived from Turkish kızılbaş, which means red head
 Redhead gauge, an ionization gauge used to measure vacuum
 Redskin (subculture),  a far-left skinhead

Redhead (disambiguation)


John Lamont (* 15. April 1976) ist ein schottischer Politiker und Mitglied der Conservative Party. John Lamont ist nicht zu verwechseln mit der zur selben Zeit aktiven schottischen Labour-Politikerin Johann Lamont.

Politischer Werdegang
Erstmals trat Lamont bei den Britischen Unterhauswahlen 2005 zu Wahlen auf nationaler Ebene an. In seinem Wahlkreis Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk erhielt er den zweithöchsten Stimmenanteil hinter dem Liberaldemokraten Michael Moore und verpasste damit den Einzug in das Britische Unterhaus. Bei den Schottischen Parlamentswahlen 2007 bewarb er sich um das Direktmandat des Wahlkreises Roxburgh and Berwickshire. Lamont gewann die Wahlen vor dem Liberaldemokraten Euan Robson, der das Mandat seit 1999 innehatte. Im Vergleich zu den Unterhauswahlen 2005 konnte Lamont bei den Unterhauswahlen 2010 seinen Stimmenanteil im Wahlkreis Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk um rund 5 % erhöhen, verpasste jedoch ein weiteres Mal das Direktmandat. Im Rahmen der Wahlkreisreform 2011 wurde der schottische Parlamentswahlkreis Roxburgh and Berwickshire aufgelöst und weitgehend durch den neugeschaffenen Wahlkreis Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire ersetzt. In diesem trat Lamont zu den Parlamentswahlen 2011 an und errang das Direktmandat vor dem SNP-Kandidaten Paul Wheelhouse. Nach der Wahl wurde Lamont zum Einpeitscher der Konservativenfraktion im Parlament ernannt.

Nachdem Lamont bei den Unterhauswahlen 2015 das Mandat für Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk verpasste, gelang es im schließlich bei den vorgezogenen Unterhauswahlen 2017 in seinem Heimatwahlkreis die Stimmmehrheit zu erlangen und damit einen Sitz im britischen Unterhaus zu erreichen. Mit einem Stimmzuwachs von 17,9 % setzte er sich gegen den amtierenden SNP-Politiker Calum Kerr durch.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments
 Informationen der Conservative Party

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Abgeordneter des House of Commons (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Mitglied der Scottish Conservative Party
Politiker (Scottish Borders)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1976
Schotte
Brite
Mann

John Lamont (Politiker)


Diese Liste enthält in Bari geborene Persönlichkeiten sowie solche, die in Bari gewirkt haben, dabei jedoch andernorts geboren wurden. Die Liste erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit.

In Bari geborene Persönlichkeiten

Bis 1900
 Gaetano Latilla (1711–1788), Opernkomponist
 Niccolò Piccinni (1728–1800), Komponist
 Nicola De Giosa (1819–1885), Komponist und Dirigent
 Giuseppe Massari (1821–1884), Politiker und Schriftsteller
 Emil Roth (1893–1980), Schweizer Architekt
 Francesco Martino (1900–1965), Turner

1901 bis 1950
 Elia di San Clemente (1901–1927), Nonne
 Luigi Losito (1905–1992), italienisch-deutscher Maler
 Enzo Fiermonte (1908–1993), Boxer und Schauspieler
 Nicola Manzari (1908–1991), Dramatiker, Drehbuchautor und Filmregisseur
 Licia Albanese (1909–2014), Opernsängerin
 Eugenio Giannini (1910–1952), italo-amerikanischer Mobster
 Franco Caracciolo (1920–1999), Dirigent
 Pietro Lombardi (1922–2011), Ringer
 Umberto Raho (1922–2016), Schauspieler
 Vito Lattanzio (1926–2010), Politiker
 Luca Sportelli (1927–1999), Schauspieler
 Riccardo Cucciolla (1924–1999), Schauspieler
 Giuliano Carnimeo (1932–2016), Filmregisseur und Drehbuchautor
 Nico Perrone (* 1935), Essayist, Historiker und Journalist
 Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015), türkischer Chemiker und Biophysiker
 Luciano Bux (1936–2014), Bischof
 Mario Martiradonna (1938–2011), Fußballspieler
 Fabio Sarno (* 1940), Schauspieler
 Luciano Canfora (* 1942), klassischer Philologe
 Guido Marzulli (* 1943), Maler
 Antonio Ambrosetti (1944–2020), Mathematiker und Professor in Paris, Madrid, der ETH Zürich und der Universität Bologna

Ab 1951
 Carmine Fornari (* 1951), Filmregisseur und Drehbuchautor
 Antonio Loprieno (* 1955), Ägyptologe
 Roberto Ottaviano (* 1957), Jazz-Saxophonist und Komponist
 Gianni Alemanno (* 1958), Politiker
 Thomas Jauch (* 1958), deutscher Filmregisseur
 Luigi Michele de Palma (* 1958), Geistlicher und Kirchenhistoriker
 Nichi Vendola (* 1958), Journalist, studierter Philosoph und Politiker
 Michele Lanubile (* 1959), Filmregisseur
 Stephan Massimo (* 1959), Musiker, Songwriter und Komponist
 Gianrico Carofiglio (* 1961), Schriftsteller, Jurist und Senator
 Anna Oxa (* 1961), Sängerin
 Ruggero Verroca (* 1961), Ruderer
 Antonio Enrico Felle (* 1962), Christlicher Archäologe
 Doriana Leondeff (* 1962), Drehbuchautorin
 Anna Dello Russo (* 1962), Modejournalistin
 Francesco Attolico (* 1963), Wasserballspieler
 Antonello De Leo (* 1965), Filmregisseur
 Gianluca Pozzi (* 1965), Tennisspieler
 Antonio Fanelli (* 1966), Radrennfahrer
 Luigi Giorgio (* 1966), Automobilrennfahrer
 Teresa Ranieri (* 1966), Choreografin und Dozentin
 Lorenzo Lorusso (* 1967), Ordenspriester und Kirchenrechtler
 Ettore Bassi (* 1970), Schauspieler und Fernsehmoderator
 Antonio Chimenti (* 1970), Fußballspieler
 Fabio Ferri (* 1970), Schauspieler
 Andrea Palmieri (* 1970), katholischer Geistlicher
 Lorenzo Amoruso (* 1971), Fußballspieler
 Pierluigi Balducci (* 1971), Jazzmusiker
 Luca Leoni (* 1973), Popsänger
 Gianluca Petrella (* 1975), Musiker
 Eleonora Forenza (* 1976), Politikerin
 Ivan Fanelli (* 1978), Radrennfahrer
 Kekko Fornarelli (* 1978), Jazzmusiker
 Eugenio Loria (* 1981), Radrennfahrer
 Antonio Cassano (* 1982), Fußballspieler
 Tommaso Romito (* 1982), Fußballspieler
 Livio Minafra (* 1982), Jazzmusiker
 Marco Calamita (* 1983), Fußballspieler
 Marco Misciagna (* 1984), Bratschist und Geiger
 Anna Maria Sarra (* 1988), Opernsängerin (Sopran)
 Francesco Stella, alias Franz Alice Stern (* 1990), Ingenieur, Produzent, Komponist und DJ
 Davide Abbatescianni (* 1991), Journalist und Filmkritiker

Bekannte Einwohner von Bari
 Pedro Waloschek (1929–2012), österreichischer experimenteller Teilchenphysiker

Siehe auch
 Liste der Erzbischöfe von Bari
 AS Bari: Ehemalige Spieler und Trainer

Bari
!

Liste von Persönlichkeiten der Stadt Bari


L'ambassade du Canada en Grèce est la représentation diplomatique du Canada en Grèce. Ses bureaux sont situés à Chalándri, au nord-est de la capitale grecque Athènes.

Mission

Cette ambassade est responsable des relations entre le Canada et la Grèce et offre des services aux Canadiens en sol grec. L'ambassade est appuyée par un consulat à Thessalonique.

Histoire

Le 30 novembre 1942, la légation canadienne auprès du gouvernement grec en exil est établie à Londres.

Le premier ministre québécois Antonio Barrette fut ambassadeur entre 1963 et 1966.

Ambassadeurs
Cette représentation diplomatique canadienne est dirigée par un chef de mission qui porte le titre d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Ambassade de Grèce au Canada
 Relations entre le Canada et la Grèce
 Représentations diplomatiques du Canada

Liens externes

 Site officiel de l'ambassade du Canada en Grèce

Références

Grèce
Canada

Ambassade du Canada en Grèce


Quebec Konferansı, 1864'te Kanada'nın kurulduğu konferans
 Quebec Konferansı, 1943'te II. Dünya Savaşı stratejisinin konuşulduğu konferans
 Quebec Konferansı, 2001'de anti-globalizm olaylarının çıktığı Amerika Zirvesi

Quebec Konferansı


مرسيدس سوسا  مواليد 9 يوليو 1935 -4 أكتوبر 2009) مغنية أرجنتينية. تعتبر من أشهر المغنيين الشعبيين في أمريكا اللاتينية.

بجذور موسيقاها الفلكلورية الأرجنتينية، أسست مع زوجها ما عُرِف «بالأغنية الجديدة» . أطلق عليها معجبوها لقب لانيغرا "La Negra" أو «السوداء» كناية عن شعرها الأسود المنسدل، كذلك لقبت «بصوت الأغلبية الصامتة». كما اشتهرت في بداياتها بمزج أغانيها بين الألحان الشعبية والأغاني ذات الصبغة السياسية أحيانا، وفي السنوات الأخيرة اتسمت أغانيها بالتنوع.

سيرة

ولدت مرسيدس في مدينة سان ميغيل دي توكومان شمالي الأرجنتين لأسرة مختلطة الأصول من المستيزو ذات أصول فرنسية وهندية حمراء.

في عام 1979 تعرضت للاعتقال والتفتيش هي والجمهور في حفل موسيقي لها في مدينة لابلاتا الأرجنتينية. غادرت على أثرها بلدها الأرجنتين، لتقيم في باريس ومن ثم مدريد، ولكنها عادت قبيل الانقلاب العسكري في عام 1982.
من أشهر أغانيها أغنية شكرا للحياة «جراسياس الا فيدا».

فارقت الحياة في 4 أكتوبر 2009 عن 74 عاما حيث أقامت قبيل وفاتها أسبوعين في المستشفى بسبب مرض في الكلى.

ديسكوغرافيا

قامت مرسيدس سوسا بتسجيل ما يزيد عن 40 ألبوما، بينها عدد من الأغاني الثنائية مع مغنين عالميين ومغنين من أمريكا اللاتينية.
 La voz de la zafra  1959
 Canciones con fundamento  1965
 Yo no canto por cantar  1966
 Hermano  1966
 Para cantarle a mi gente  1967
 Con sabor a Mercedes Sosa  1968
 Mujeres argentinas  1969
 Navidad con Mercedes Sosa  1970
 El grito de la tierra  1970
 Homenaje a Violeta Parra  1971
 Hasta la victoria  1972
 Cantata sudamericana  1972
 Traigo un pueblo en mi voz  1973
 Niño de mañana  1975
 A que florezca mi pueblo  1975
 En dirección del viento  1976
 O cio da terra  1977
 Mercedes Sosa interpreta a Atahualpa Yupanqui  1977
 Si se calla el cantor  1977
 Serenata para la tierra de uno  1979
 A quién doy  1980
 Gravado ao vivo no Brasil  1980
 Mercedes Sosa en Argentina  1982
 Mercedes Sosa  1983
 Como un pájaro libre  1983
 Recital  1983
 ¿Será posible el sur?  1984
 Vengo a ofrecer mi corazón  1985
 Corazón americano  1985 (with Milton Nascimento and León Gieco
 Mercedes Sosa ´86  1986
 Mercedes Sosa ´87  1987
 Amigos míos  1988
 En vivo en Europa  1990
 De mí  1991
 30 años  1993
 Sino  1993
 Gestos de amor  1994
 Live in Argentina  1994
 Live in Europe  1994
 Sera Posible El Sur  1994
 Vivir  1994
 Oro  1995
 Escondido en mi país  1996
 Gracias a la Vida  1996
 Alta fidelidad  1997  (with [Charly García)
 Coleccion Mi Historia  1997
 Al despertar  1998
 Misa criolla  1999
 Serie Millennium 21  1999
 La Negra  2000
 Acústico  2002
 Grandes Exitos, Vols. 1 & 2  2002
 40 Obras Fundamentales  2003
 Argentina quiere cantar  2003 (with Víctor Heredia and León Gieco)
 Voz Y Sentimiento  2003
 Corazón libre  2005
 Éxitos Eternos  2005
 La Historia del Folklore  2007
 Cantora 1  2009
 Cantora 2 '' 2009

مصادر

وصلات خارجية

 Mercedes Sosa's website (بالإسبانية)
 Mercedes Sosa's Music (بالإسبانية)

المرأة في موسيقى لاتينية
أرجنتينيون من أصل فرنسي
أشخاص من سان ميغيل دي توكومان
طبالون في القرن 20
لاتينيون حاصلون على جائزة غرامي
مغنيات أرجنتينيات في القرن 20
مواليد 1935
مواليد في سان ميغيل دي توكومان
ناشطات أرجنتينيات
ناشطون أرجنتينيون
وفيات 2009
وفيات بسبب الفشل الكلوي
وفيات في بوينس آيرس

مرسيدس سوسا


An Carex subinflata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernest Nelmes. An Carex subinflata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex subinflata


L'uso dei corpi (da. "Kroppenes brug") er en bog af den italienske filosof Giorgio Agamben fra 2014. Bogen er oversat til engelsk som The Use of Bodies i 2015 på Stanford University Press. Bogen er endnu ikke oversat til dansk.

Bogen består af en prolog, tre dele og en epilog.

Prolog
Om Guy Debord og hans fascination af livet, især ens private og nødvendigvis hemmelige liv. Dermed også Debords fascination for sit eget liv.

I. Kroppenes brug
§1. Mennesket uden arbejde. Aristoteles' teori om slaveri, brugen af kroppe. Hannah Arendt.

§2. Chresis. Georges Redard, Emile Benveniste. At bruge (chresthai). Afsluttes med paragraf om Spinoza.

§3. Brug og omsorg. Kapitlet drejer sig primært om Foucault, om selvets hermeneutik. Forskellen mellem omsorg for sig selv og brug af sig selv. En afstikker til Hegels herre/slave-dialektik.

§4. Brugen af verden. Gennemgang af Heidegger. Tilstedeværens brugende og handlende omgang.

§5. Brugen af sig selv. Stoikerne (Lukrets, Cicero, Seneca, Plotin). En filosofisk retning der i sidste ende består af en doktrin om brugen af livet. Oikeiosis, ens tilegnelse af og fortrolighed med sig selv. Lukrets: intet er skabt med formål (imod teleologi). Cicero og forholdet mellem fortrolighed, sansning og brugen af sig selv: selvet er intet andet end brugen af sig selv. Plotins idé om en ikke-hypostatiserende, ikke-substantialiserende brug af sig selv, brug hinsides væren og opdelingen mellem eksistens og essens, brug som ærkemodalverbum. Paulus og messiansk brug, modstillingen af brug (usus) og ejendom (dominium).

§6. Skolastikerne

Filosofiske skrifter
Filologi

L'uso dei corpi


Afghanistan nahm in London an den Olympischen Spielen 2012 teil. Es war die insgesamt 13. Teilnahme an Olympischen Sommerspielen. Vom Afghanistan National Olympic Committee wurden sechs Athleten in  vier Sportarten nominiert.

Sadaf Rahimi sollte im Boxen starten, wurde jedoch nicht nominiert.

Fahnenträger bei der Eröffnungsfeier war der Taekwondoin Nesar Ahmad Bahave.

Medaillen

Medaillenspiegel

Medaillengewinner

Bronze

Teilnehmer nach Sportarten

Boxen

Judo

Leichtathletik
Laufen und Gehen

Taekwondo

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Afghanistan
Sommerspiele 2012

Olympische Sommerspiele 2012/Teilnehmer (Afghanistan)


Two vessels of the Royal Australian Navy have been named HMAS Dubbo, for the town of Dubbo, New South Wales.

, a Bathurst-class corvette which entered service in 1942 and was sold for scrap in 1958
, a Fremantle-class patrol boat that entered service in 1984 and was decommissioned in 2007

Battle honours
Ships named HMAS Dubbo are entitled to carry a single battle honour:
 Pacific 1942–45

References

Royal Australian Navy ship names

HMAS Dubbo


Tanır. Kahramanmaraş ilinin Afşin ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Eski adı Tanur'dur. 1563 tarihli Maraş Tahrir Defterindeki resmi kayıtlarda Tennur olarak geçmekte ve yine aynı kayıtlarda Tanır, 1563 tarihinde 456 nüfuslu bir yerleşme yeri olarak belirtilmektedir.

Daha önceleri köy olan Tanır, 7 Temmuz 1967 tarihindeki kararla belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 170 km, Afşin ilçesine 18 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Altyapı bilgileri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Yerelnet

Afşin'in mahalleleri
6360 sayılı yasaya göre kaldırılan belediyeler

Tanır, Afşin


.lu Lüksemburg için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

Lüksemburg
İnternet ülke alan kodları
1995 tanıtımları
lu

.lu


Labi bezeichnet:

 Labi (Brunei), mukim (Bezirk) Bruneis
 Labi (Sikkim), Ort in Indien

LABI steht für:

 Louisiana Association of Business and Industry

LaBi steht für:
 Landesbibliothek

Abkürzung

Labi


أطفال جواسيس (2): جزيرة الأحلام المفقودة   هو فيلم خيال علمي ومغامرة تم إنتاجه في الولايات المتحدة وصدر في سنة 2002. من بطولة أنتونيو بانديراس وكارلا جوجينو وأليكسا فيغا وداريل صبارة وهولند تايلور.

القصة
بطلا الفيلم هما «كارمن» و«جوني»، ويعملان جواسيس في منظمة سرية لديها أصدقاء كثر، منهم «إيميلي أوسمنت» الممثلة والمغنية الأمريكية المولودة في لوس أنجلوس. الفيلم يبين أهمية التعاون، ويستعرض بعض مهارات الجاسوسية، ويتضمن الكثير من الخيال.

الميزانية والإيرادات
بلغت تكلفة إنتاج الفيلم حوالي 38 مليون دولار بينما حقق أرباحا تقدر بـ 119.7 مليون دولار.

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

أفلام أطفال كوميدية أمريكية
أفلام أطفال كوميدية في عقد 2000
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية في عقد 2000
أفلام إنتاج 2002
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية 2002
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2000
أفلام تجسس أمريكية
أفلام تجسس في عقد 2000
أفلام تجسسية حركة أمريكية
أفلام تجسسية كوميدية أمريكية
أفلام تجسسية كوميدية في عقد 2000
أفلام تقع أحداثها على جزر خيالية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في 2011
أفلام تقع أحداثها في جزر
أفلام حركة إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام حركة تجسسية في عقد 2000
أفلام حركة ومغامرات في عقد 2000
أفلام خيال علمي أمريكية
أفلام ديمينجن فيلمز
أفلام سجلها جون ديبني
أفلام سجلها روبرت رودريغيز
أفلام عائلية
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي روبرت رودريجيز
أفلام كوميدية في 2002
أفلام متممة أمريكية
أفلام متممة إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام مصورة في أوستن (تكساس)
أفلام مصورة في تكساس
أفلام مصورة في سان أنتونيو (تكساس)
أفلام مصورة في فورت وورث (تكساس)
أفلام مغامرات أطفال أمريكية
أفلام مغامرات كوميدية أمريكية
أفلام مغامرة إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام من إخراج روبرت رودريغيز
أفلام من إنتاج روبرت رودريغيز
أفلام ميراماكس
ألبومات روبرت رودريغيز
لاقط الحركة في الأفلام
موسيقى تصويرية في 2002

أطفال جواسيس 2: جزيرة الأحلام المفقودة (فيلم)


El trepador de Lafresnaye (Xiphorhynchus guttatoides), también denominado trepatroncos golianteado (en Ecuador) o trepador de garganta anteada (en Perú), es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae, subfamilia Dendrocolaptinae, perteneciente al numeroso género Xiphorhynchus. Es nativa del oeste y sur de la cuenca amazónica y de secciones adyacentes del cerrado, en América del Sur. Varios autores y clasificaciones consideran que el presente grupo de subespecies hace parte del trepatroncos pegón Xiphorhynchus guttatus.

Distribución y hábitat
Se distribuye desde el sureste de Colombia y sur de Venezuela hacia el sur, por el este de Ecuador, este de Perú, hasta el centro de Bolivia, hacia el este por la Amazonia brasileña y ya fuera de ella, hasta el noreste de Brasil; hacia el sur hasta el centro de este país en regiones de cerrado.

Esta especie es considerada común y ampliamente diseminada en sus hábitats naturales: las selvas húmedas y sus bordes, los bosques en galería, localmente también en bosques semi-caducifolios y en manglares, hasta los 700 metros de altitud.

Descripción
Mide entre 22,5 y 29,5 cm de longitud, y pesa entre 45 y 69 g, es un trepatroncos relativamente grande, junto con el trepatroncos pegón, el mayor miembro del género Xiphorhynchus. Las alas y la cola son rojizas. La cabeza, el manto y las partes inferiores son de color marrón oliva con rayado ante (en las subespecies X. g. guttatoides y X. g. dorbignyanus) o blanco (en X. g. eytoni, X. g. gracilirostris y X. g. vicinalis). El pico es largo, ligeramente curvo, y enganchado en la punta. El pico es principalmente de color cuerno pálido (en X. g. guttatoides y X. g. dorbignyanus) o negruzco (en X. g. eytoni, X. g. gracilirostris y X. g. vicinalis).

Ecología

El trepatroncos de Lafresnaye es limitado a bosques y selvas. En su área, por lo general el trepador de gran tamaño más común. Es un insectívoro que se alimenta de hormigas, otros insectos y arañas. Se alimenta bajo los árboles, por lo general solo, pero solamente en grupos que siguen a las hormigas guerreras. La especie construye un nido forrado de corteza en el hueco de un árbol o tronco hueco y pone dos huevos blancos.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie X. guttatoides fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista francés Frédéric de Lafresnaye en 1850 bajo el nombre científico Nasica guttatoides; su localidad tipo es: «Colombia».

Etimología
El nombre genérico masculino «Xiphorhynchus» se compone de las palabras del griego «ξιφος xiphos»: espada, y «ῥυγχος rhunkhos»: pico; significando «con pico en forma de espada»;  y el nombre de la especie «guttatoides», es una combinación de la especie X. guttatus y de la palabra del griego «οιδης oidēs»: que se parece, similar, destacando la similitud con aquella especie.

Taxonomía e historia evolutiva

La taxonomía de la presente especie es compleja. Diversos autores y clasificaciones la trataron o todavía la tratan como perteneciendo al complejo trepatroncos pegón Xiphorhynchus guttatus. A veces se ha separado el «grupo guttatoides», de pico pálido y moteado crema, y el «grupo eytoni», de pico oscuro y moteado blanquecino, considerándolos las especies trepatroncos de Lafresnaye X. guttatoides y trepatroncos de pico oscuro X. eytoni. Aunque visualmente son bastante diferentes, estos dos grupos forman un solo clado, separado del «grupo guttatus», que en cambio está más próximo a Xiphorhynchus susurrans.

Un estudio genético reciente corrobora los anteriores y sirve como base, junto a las diferencias morfológicas y de vocalización más sutiles, para las clasificaciones Aves del Mundo (HBW) y Birdlife International (BLI) tratar a X. guttatoides (incluyendo al «grupo eytoni») como especie separada. Otras clasificaciones, como el Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC) y Clements checklist/eBird todavía consideran al «grupo guttatus/guttatoides/eytoni» como una única especie.

Subespecies
Según las clasificación del IOC y Clements/eBird se reconocen cinco subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:

 Grupo politípico guttatoides/dorbignyanus:
 Xiphorynchus guttatoides guttatoides (, 1850) – oeste de la Amazonia tanto al norte como al sur del río Amazonas, desde el sureste de Colombia (al sur desde Meta y Guainía), sur de Venezuela (oeste y sur de Amazonas) y este de Ecuador hacia el sur hasta el este y sureste de Perú, noroeste de Brasil (al este hasta el río Negro y río Madeira, al sur hasta el norte de Mato Grosso).
 Xiphorynchus guttatoides dorbignyanus (, 1850) – al sur de la cuenca amazónica, desde el norte y este de Bolivia (La Paz, Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz) hacia el este hasta el centro este de Brasil (hasta el centro de Goiás).

 Grupo politípico eytoni:
 Xiphorynchus guttatoides eytoni , 1854 – sureste de la Amazonia brasileña, desde el Río Tapajós hasta el oeste de Maranhão.
 Xiphorynchus guttatoides vicinalis , 1948 – Amazonia brasileña al sur del río Amazonas, desde el este del Río Madeira al Río Tapajós.
 Xiphorynchus guttatoides gracilirostris , 1957 – Serra de Baturité, Ceará, Brasil. Dudosamente distinta de eytoni.

Referencias

Bibliografía
  (2003): Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5

Enlaces externos

 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Xiphorhynchus guttatus (guttatoides group) en eBird.
 Fotos y sonidos de Xiphorhynchus guttatoides en Wikiaves.

guttatoides
Aves de América del Sur
Taxones descritos por Frédéric de Lafresnaye
Animales descritos en 1850

Xiphorhynchus guttatoides


Ellen Gould White (rođena Harmon; Gorham, 26. studenog 1827. - St. Helena, 16. srpnja 1915.) bila je američka autorica i suosnivačica Crkve adventista sedmog dana. Zajedno s drugim adventističkim vođama kao što su njezin suprug James White i Joseph Bates, bila je ključna osoba u maloj skupini ranih adventista koji su formirali ono što je postalo poznato kao Crkva adventista sedmog dana. White se smatra vodećom figurom u američkoj vegetarijanskoj povijesti. Magazin Smithsonian proglasio je Ellen G. White među "100 najznačajnijih Amerikanaca svih vremena".

White je tvrdila da je tijekom svog života primila preko 2.000 vizija i snova od Boga u kršćanstvu na javnim i privatnim sastancima, kojima su svjedočili adventistički pioniri i šira javnost. Usmeno je opisala i objavila za javnu upotrebu sadržaj svake vizije. Adventistički pioniri su na ta iskustva gledali kao na biblijski dar proroštva kako je navedeno u Otkrivenju 12:17 i Otkrivenju 19:10, koji opisuju Isusovo svjedočanstvo kao "duh proroštva". Njezina serija spisa Vjekovni sukob nastoji prikazati Božju ruku u biblijskoj povijesti i crkvenoj povijesti. Ovaj kozmički sukob, koji su adventistički teolozi nazivali "temom velike kontroverze", postao je temelj za razvoj teologije adventista sedmog dana. Njezina knjiga o uspješnom kršćanskom životu Koraci do Krista objavljena je na više od 140 jezika. Knjiga Dječiji razvoj, kompilacija njenih spisa o brizi o djeci, osposobljavanju i obrazovanju, korištena je kao temelj školskog sustava adventista sedmog dana.

White su njezini kritičari smatrali kontroverznom figurom, a veliki dio kontroverzi bio je usredotočen na njezina izvješća o vizionarskim iskustvima i na korištenje drugih izvora u njezinim spisima. Povjesničar Randall Balmer opisao je Whitea kao "jednu od važnijih i živopisnijih osoba u povijesti američke religije". Walter Martin ju je opisao kao "jednu od najfascinantnijih i najkontroverznijih osoba koje su se ikada pojavile na horizontu religijske povijesti". Arthur L. White, njezin unuk i biograf, piše da je Ellen G. White najprevođenija autorica nefikcije u povijesti književnosti, kao i najprevođenija američka autorica nefikcije oba spola. Njezini spisi pokrivali su širok raspon tema, uključujući religiju, društvene odnose, proročanstva, nakladništvo, prehranu, kreacionizam, poljoprivredu, teologiju, evangelizaciju, kršćanski način života, obrazovanje i zdravlje. Zagovarala je vegetarijanstvo. Promicala je i bila ključna u osnivanju škola i medicinskih centara diljem svijeta, od kojih su najpoznatiji sveučilište Andrews u Michiganu i sveučilište Loma Linda i medicinski centar u Kaliforniji.

Tijekom svog života napisala je više od 5.000 periodičnih članaka i 40 knjiga. Od 2019. više od 200 naslova ove autorice dostupno je na engleskom jeziku, uključujući kompilacije s njezinih 100.000 stranica rukopisa koje je objavila Ellen G. White Estate, a koje su dostupne u Adventist Book Center. Najznačajnije djela su joj Koraci do Krista, Želja vjekova i Veliki sukob.

Nakon smrti supruga Jamesa Whitea 1881. godine, posljednje godine svoga života Ellen G. White je provela u Elmshavenu, u svome domu na St. Helena u Kaliforniji. Tijekom svojih posljednjih godina putovala je rjeđe, jer se koncentrirala na pisanje svojih posljednjih djela za crkvu. Umrla je 16. srpnja 1915. u svom domu u Elmshavenu, koji je sada adventističko povijesno mjesto. Nakon tri pogreba, pokopana je sa svojim suprugom Jamesom Whiteom na groblju Oak Hill, u Battle Creeku, u Michiganu.

Izvori

Vanjske povezice
 Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

Adventisti sedmog dana

Ellen G. White


الريحانية، هي قرية فلسطينية تقع على بعد 25 كم مترا شرقي مدينة حيفا، هُجّرت في 1أيار/ مايو عام 1948، على يد العصابات الصهيونية في حرب النكبة.

الجغرافيا والتاريخ
تقع إلى الجنوب الشرقي من مدينة حيفا، تبعد عنها 25كم وترتفع 225 م عن سطح البحر، اسمها من الريحان وهو نبت طيب الرائحة وبلغت مساحة أراضيها 1930دونما، تحيط بها أراضي قرى دالية الروحا، وأبو زريق. وقدر عدد سكانها عام 1922 حوالي 266 نسمة وفي عام 1945 انخفض إلى (240) نسمة. قامت المنظمات الصهيونية المسلحة بهدم القرية وتشريد اهلها البالغ عددهم عام 48 حوالي (278)نسمة وكان ذلك في 30-4-1948. يحيط بالقرية مجموعة من الخرب الأثرية ففي شمالها، تقع خربة قطنية ويقال أن بلدة (قطة) الكنعانية كانت تقوم على هذه الخربة التي تحتوي على أنقاض واساسات جدران وصهريج مبنى بالحجارة.

كانت في القرية جامع ومدرسة ابتدائية للبنين أنشئت في العهد العثماني وأفلقت في عهد الانتداب البريطاني، اعتمدت القرية باقتصادهها على الزراعة وتربية المواشي، أهم مزروعاتها الحبوب، وفي شمالي القرية والشمال الشرقي زرعت الكثير من الأشجار المثمرة.

احتلال القرية
احتلت القرية عام 1948، عقب معركة مشمار هعيميق في 14 نيسان/ أبريل عام 1948 عندما احتلت البطيمات ودالية الروحة وتشير مصادر أخرى أنها وقعت بعد بضعة أسابيع على احتلالها أي أواخر نيسان/أبريل عام1948، بعد سقوط حيفا، في المعركة التي شنت في المنطقة المحاذية لحيفا بعد سقوط المدينة وتشير بعض المصادر ان القرية احتلت فعليا في 1 أيار/مايو عام1948.

القرية اليوم
تقع مستعمرتا «رمات هشوفيط» 1949، و«عين هعيمق» 1944 على أطراف القرية ويقوم سكانهما باستغلال القرية للزراعة.
القرية اليوم
يتكوم ركام المنازل أكواماً، يغطيها التراب والأشواك والعوسج. ولا يزال في الإمكان رؤية مقبرة القرية (مغطاة الآن بنبات الصبّار)، ومثلها بئر تقع عند أسفل تل شمالي الموقع. جزء كبير من الأرض المتاخمة يُستعمل للزراعة وفي الركن الجنوبي منه بستان أفوكاتو.
المغتصبات الصهيونية على اراضي القرية
تحتل مستعمرتا رمات هشوفيط وعين هعيمك، اللتان أُنشئتا في سنتي 1941 و1944 على التوالي، قوساً من الأرض يطوق القرية جزئياً من الشمال والشرق والجنوب. ولم تكن المستعمرتان عند إنشائهما تقعان على أراضي القرية، وإنما كانتا قريبتين جداً (نصف كيلومتر تقريباً) من موقعها. ويستغل سكانهما الآن أراضي القرية.

انظر أيضا
قائمة المدن والقرى الفلسطينية التي طرد منها سكانها خلال حرب 1948

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع فلسطين في الذاكرة

بلد حبيبتي مها

قرى فلسطينية أخليت من سكانها في الحرب العربية الإسرائيلية 1948
قضاء حيفا

الريحانية (حيفا)


Dobrohošť este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Dunajská Streda din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 496 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Dobrohošť este atestată documentar din 1238.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Dobrohošť, Dunajská Streda


Muzafer Dervišević (Brčko, 1927. − Brčko, 1987.), bosanskohercegovački novinar bošnjačkog podrijetla.

Životopis
Muzafer Dervišević je rođen u Brčkom, 21. veljače 1927. godine, kao peto dijete općinskog službenika Sulejmana Derviševića. Njegov otac sa suprugom Hedijom imali su šestero djece: Inisa, Arifa, Seada, Muzafera i dvije kćerke Hanumku i Razu. Osnovnu školu i Trgovačku akademiju Muzafer je završio u Brčkom i od djetinjstva je volio čitati knjige i pisati.

Pošto su mu trojica starije braće - Inis, Arif i Sead, otišli u partizane i on je kao mladić pristupio ilegalcima -  SKOJ-u. Nakon oslobođenje zemlje Muzafer je završio Školu rezervnih oficira 1948. godine u Somboru, gdje je obolio od tuberkuloze. Borio se i izborio s bolešću, te nakon dolaska iz vojske u Brčko postao najmlađi novinar u tom gradu. U početku je pisao o raznim narodnim svečanostima i obilježavanju značajnih datuma iz NOB-a i rada organa narodne vlasti.

Početkom 1953. godine, Odlukom Sreskog Narodnog fronta Brčko, Muzafer je zadužen da pokrene Brčanske novine. U to vrijeme (1953. godine) Muzafer je bio jedini novinar u Brčkom, a u pripremanju prvog broja Brčanskih novina je radio i kao novinar, urednik i fotoreporter. Prvi broj Brčanskih novinar izašao je u srpnju 1953. godine. Prvi kolporter bio je Naziv Peštalić: "Evo prvog broja Brčanskih novina. Kupujte narode", uzvikivao je Peštalić.

Prve Brčanske novine tiskane su u tada veoma skromnoj brčanskoj tiskari. Muzafer nije imao redakciju, daktilografe, a list je izlazio svakih 15 dana do početka 1956. godine, kada se ugasio zbog nedostatka financijskih sredstava.

Muzafer je nastavio novinarsku karijeru i poslije 1956. godine na poslovnima informiranja u sredskom odboru Narodnog fronta Brčko. To je trajalo do 1960. godine kada je u Brčkom počela s radom lokalna radio postaja Radio Brčko, u kojoj je Muzafer radio kao novinar i urednik, a potom je 1964. godine imenovan za ravnatelja ove ustanove.

Godine 1974. Muzafer odlazi u mirovinu, a potom ga Radio Beograd,  Tanjug, Večernje novosti i Borba angažiraju za svoga dopisnika. Kao dopisnik Radio Beograda pokrivao je cijelu Bosnu i Hercegovinu, skupa s novinarem iz Sarajeva Ljubomirom Nikolićem. Mnogobrojni sastanci u Beogradu s vođećim novinarima Jugoslavije, dali su veliko iskustvo njegovom radu, tako da je znao objaviti informacije koje nisu bile drage vlastima u Brčkom, a opet nisu ga radi njih proganjali.

Preminuo je u Brčkom 1987. godine. Iza sebe je ostavio sinove Arifa i Edvina.

Literatura
 Mujkić Muhamed, Monografija o Brčkom u Bosni/BiH, Muzafer Dervišević, 361-362, Brčko, 2021.

Životopisi, Brčko
Bošnjački novinari
Bosanskohercegovački radijski novinari

Muzafer Dervišević


Fontana della Sellaria ili Selleria je barokna javna fontana na trgu piazzetta del Grande Archivio u Napulju, Italija. Íñigo Vélez de Guevara naručio ju je 1649. godine od Onofrija Antonija Gisolfija u znak sjećanja na svoje gušenje Napuljske republike.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Sellaria

Fontana della Sellaria


An Bromelia granvillei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith ngan Eric J. Gouda. An Bromelia granvillei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromelia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha French Guiana. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bromelia

Bromelia granvillei


Campo TURKSOM (em somali: Xerada TURKSOM, em turco: Somali Türk Görev Kuvveti Komutanlığı) é uma base militar e uma universidade de defesa em Mogadíscio, Somália. Desde a sua criação, o Campo TURKSOM serve como o principal centro da força-tarefa intergovernamental apelidada de "Águia Africana", na qual a Turquia visa treinar e preparar os oficiais e suboficiais das Forças Armadas da Somália, ajudando assim o governo somali em seus esforços para construir uma força militar nacional que pode se sustentar. Em termos de sua função, além de oferecer suporte de treinamento às Forças Armadas da Somália para sua sustentabilidade, a base amplia esse treinamento e fornece também o equipamento necessário para a guarda costeira e marinha do país. Esses treinamentos no esquema mais amplo visam ajudar os soldados somalis na luta contra o Al-Shabaab, o que recebeu críticas da Missão da União Africana na Somália (AMISOM) por replicar seus esforços em relação ao treinamento militar. A base militar serve como a maior instalação militar ultramarina da Turquia. Abrange um espaço de 400 hectares. O Campo TURKSOM também tem várias implicações políticas, pois a base militar, ao mesmo tempo em que se opõe à política externa do Al Shabaab, serve politicamente aos interesses turcos e melhora as relações entre Turquia e Somália. Críticas foram feitas à base devido à sua centralidade em Mogadíscio, deixando de fora outras regiões da Somália, como Puntland e Somaliland.

Bases militares da Turquia
Relações entre Somália e Turquia

Campo TURKSOM


Hashimoto (橋本) es un apellido japonés. Es el apellido de:
 Fumiyuki Hashimoto (n. 1982), luchador profesional japonés.
 Hakaru Hashimoto (1881-1934), médico japonés.
 Kōichi Hashimoto (n. 1953), actor de voz (seiyū) japonés.
 Reika Hashimoto (n. 1980), modelo y actriz japonesa.
 Ryūtarō Hashimoto (1937-2006), político japonés, primer ministro de Japón entre 1996 y 1998.
 Satoshi Hashimoto (n. 1966), actor de voz japonés.
 Tamotsu Hashimoto (n. 1933), botánico japonés.
 Tōru Hashimoto (n. 1969), comentarista y político japonés.
 Utarō Hashimoto (1907-1994), jugador japonés de go.
 Yuki Hashimoto (n. 1994), futbolista japonés.
 Kate Hashimoto, contadora pública certificada y tacaña extrema americana de origen japonés.

También puede referirse a:
 Tiroiditis de Hashimoto, enfermedad autoinmune.
 Hashimoto, ciudad de la Prefectura de Wakayama, Japón.

Apellidos japoneses

Hashimoto


Ivela este un gen de molii din familia Lymantriinae.

Specii
 Butler, 1877
Ivela eshanensis C.L. Chao, 1983 (transferat la Himala eshanensis din 2000)
 Eversmann, 1847

Referințe
  Baza de date a genului Lepidoptera la Muzeul de istorie naturală
O nouă specie din genul Himala Moore, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) din Vietnam

Lymantriidae
Molii
Genuri de insecte

Ivela


Kamp Staaldraad (Afrikaans words, translated idiomatically as Camp Barbed Wire) was a military-style "boot camp" organized as a "team building" exercise for the South African national rugby union team, the Springboks (or Boks), during their preparation for the 2003 Rugby World Cup (RWC). Details of the camp emerged in the South African media, resulting in protest from the upper administrative levels of South African rugby.

Soon after the naming of the Springboks World Cup team in September 2003, Boks coach Rudolf Straeuli arranged for the team to go to a police camp in the South African bush, near the town of Thabazimbi. He delegated the responsibility for running the team camp. Several members of staff proclaimed the intention was to banish a sense of individuality from players.

Soon after the Boks were eliminated in the quarterfinals of the Rugby World Cup, a South African newspaper reported that before the RWC, the Boks had been sent to a boot camp where players had allegedly been ordered into a freezing lake naked to pump up rugby balls underwater. The story also alleged that players who tried to get out of the lake, including Boks captain Corné Krige, were forced back in at gunpoint. Within days, several South African newspapers ran pictures leaked from the camp, showing players standing naked in the lake and holding rugby balls in front of their private parts, and shivering Boks players huddled naked in a pit. The whistleblower emerged as Boks video analyst Dale McDermott.

In the days that followed, the media reported other details from the camp:
The team was ordered to climb into a foxhole naked and sing the national anthem while ice-cold water were being poured over their heads. During their time in the hole, recordings of God Save the Queen (used as England's national anthem) and the New Zealand All Blacks haka were played at full volume.
It was confirmed that firearms were present at the camp, although reports varied as to whether they were ever pointed at anyone.
The players were forced to crawl naked across gravel.
They also were ordered to spend a night in the bush, during which they were to kill and cook chickens, but not eat them.
 The players had to participate in bare-knuckle fights with each other.

Most South Africans condemned Kamp Staaldraad, including the South African military forces; a spokesman for the South African National Defence Force pointedly told the Cape Times newspaper that the force never trained its recruits naked, and he knew of no military organization in the world that did so. Many rugby observers also pointed out that trying to eliminate all individuality from a team could be counterproductive, as there are many times during a rugby match when individual initiative can make the difference between victory and defeat.

Straeuli defended the camp as more details became public, but eventually resigned. Higher-ups in the country's rugby establishment initially refused to distance themselves from Kamp Staaldraad; many of them were purged at the same time as Straeuli. The Boks' disappointing results in 2003 (early exit from the RWC; record losses to France, England, Scotland, and New Zealand; a last-minute win over Argentina) were enough by themselves to threaten the jobs of Straeuli and many rugby executives. However, their attempts to defend Kamp Staaldraad apparently were the last straw for many South African rugby supporters, and for many within the rugby establishment who saw the need for dramatic change.

In a tragic postscript to the story, McDermott was found dead from a bullet wound to the head at his home in Durban on 9 January 2005. His death was eventually determined to be a suicide; no foul play had been suspected. McDermott's mother reported that he had suffered extreme clinical depression in the months leading to his death. After supplying the images that led to the controversy, he was forced to leave his job at the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (from which he had been contracted out to the Boks) and returned to teaching at  Durban High School. Jake White, who took over as Boks coach after the forced resignation of Straeuli, tried to bring McDermott back into the Boks staff, but SA Rugby vetoed the re-appointment.

References

External links

2003 Rugby World Cup
2003 in South African rugby union
South Africa national rugby union team
Rugby union controversies

af:Springbokke#Die nuwe millennium

Kamp Staaldraad


Claude François Bidal d'Asfeld (Paris, 1667 — Paris, ), primeiro barão e então marquês d'Asfeld, foi um aristocrata e militar que ao serviço dos reis da França   e  . Em 1734, tornar-se-ia marechal de França.

Militares da França

Claude François Bidal d'Asfeld


Monahans can refer to:
Monahans, Texas
Monahans Sandhills State Park
Monahans-Wickett-Pyote Independent School District
The XScale PXA3xx chips, for which Monahans was a code-name

See also
Monahan
Monaghan

Monahans


Hilmi Özkök (d. 4 Ağustos  1940; Turgutlu, Manisa) Türk asker. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin 24. Genelkurmay Başkanı.

Askerî kariyeri
Eğitim hayatına Turgutlu'da bulunan Namık Kemal İlkokulunda başladı. 1957'de Işıklar Askerî Lisesinden mezun oldu. 1959 yılında Kara Harp Okulunu birincilikle tamamlayıp 1961 yılında da Topçu Okulundan mezun oldu. Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı'na bağlı çeşitli topçu birliklerinde 1970 yılına kadar batarya subaylığı ve batarya komutanlığı yaptı. 1972 yılında Kara Harp Akademisinden mezun oldu.

1975 yılında NATO Savunma Kolejinden mezun oldu. Kurmay subay olarak; 15. Piyade Er Eğitim Tugayında Harekât ve Eğitim Şube Müdürlüğü, NATO Güneydoğu Avrupa Müttefik Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Özel Silahlar Şube Müdürlüğünde Karargâh Subaylığı, Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Yüksek Karargâhı (SHAPE) Plan ve Prensipler Dairesinde Karargâh Subaylığı, Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Plan ve Prensipler Başkanlığında Savunma Araştırma Şube Müdürlüğü, Millî Güvenlik Konseyi Genel Sekreterliğinde Haydar Saltık ve Necdet Üruğ'un özel kalem müdürlüğü ve Kara Harp Okulu Komutanlığında Öğrenci Alay Komutanlığı görevlerinde bulundu.

1984 yılında Tuğgeneral rütbesine, 1988 yılında Tümgeneral rütbesine, 1992 yılında Korgeneral rütbesine, 1996 yılında da Orgeneral rütbesine terfi etti. Tuğgeneral rütbesi ile Genelkurmay Plan ve Harekât Daire Başkanlığı ve 70. Mekanize Piyade Tugay Komutanlığı, Tümgeneral rütbesi ile 28. Mekanize Piyade Tümen Komutanlığı ve Genelkurmay Personel Daire Başkanlığı, Korgeneral rütbesi ile NATO Türk Askeri Temsil Heyet Başkanlığı ve 7. Kolordu Komutanlığı, Orgeneral rütbesi ile NATO Güneydoğu Avrupa Müttefik Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, Genelkurmay II. Başkanlığı, 1. Ordu Komutanlığı ve Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı görevlerinde bulundu ve 28 Ağustos 2002 tarihinde Genelkurmay Başkanlığına atandı. 7. Kolordu Komutanı iken 241 PKK'lının öldürüldüğü Atmaca Harekâtı'nı yönetti.

Genelkurmay Başkanlığı dönemi

28 Ağustos 2002 tarihinde Genelkurmay Başkanı oldu. 28 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde emekli olarak görevini Orgeneral Yaşar Büyükanıt'a devretti. Görev yaptığı 4 yıl boyunca, önceki genelkurmay başkanlarına nispeten sivil siyasete müdahale etmeyen bir görüntü çizdi. Bu tutumu bazı ulusalcı yazarlar tarafından eleştirildi.

Haklarında yolsuzluk, emre itaatsizlikte ısrar gibi suçlamalar bulunan birçok general hakkında askerî savcılık tarafından soruşturma yapılmasına onay vererek önceki genelkurmay başkanlarına göre farklı bir tutum sergiledi. Ancak, Şemdinli olayı soruşturmasını yürüten savcı Ferhat Sarıkaya'nın Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanı Yaşar Büyükanıt hakkında yaptığı suç duyurusuyla ilgili olarak soruşturma izni vermedi.

29 Mart 2007'de Nokta dergisinin yayınladığı dönemin Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanı Oramiral Özden Örnek'e ait olduğu iddia edilen günlüklerde, 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında bazı kuvvet komutanları tarafından planlanan "Sarıkız", "Ayışığı", "Yakamoz" ve "Eldiven" adlı askeri darbeler'e karşı çıkarak Genelkurmay Başkanlığı sırasında, Türkiye'de demokratik rejimin devamını sağladığı iddia edilmiştir. Özkök; dönemin Jandarma Genel Komutanı Şener Eruygur ve 1. Ordu komutanı Hurşit Tolon'un Ergenekon soruşturmasında tutuklanmasından sonra verdiği bir demeçte darbe teşebbüsü iddiaları hakkında "Ne var ne de yok derim" açıklamasını yapmıştır. Yaklaşık bir yıl sonra Ergenekon soruşturması kapsamında tanık sıfatıyla bilgisine başvurulan Özkök, Ayışığı ve Yakamoz planlarından haberdar olduğunu Eldiven'i ve Cumhuriyet Çalışma Grubu'nu duymadığını belirtti. Özkök ifadesinde Ayışığı ve Yakamoz duyumunu aldığı dönemde Şener Eruygur'a bu yönde plan ve çalışma olup olmadığını sorduğunu, "Yok" cevabını alınca da buna rağmen sık sık rektörlerin, gazetecilerin Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı'na çağrılarak görüşülmesinin yanlış anlaşılacağını söyleyerek kendisini uyardığını söylemiştir.

Bunun yanı sıra Chronicle dergisi, darbe planlarının yapıldığı günlerde Genelkurmay Başkanı Hilmi Özkök'e yönelik suikast planlandığını iddia etmişti. Dergiye göre, 3 Şubat 2004'te gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan suikast, Özkök'ün kullandığı yol güzergâhını değiştirmesi ve alınan yoğun güvenlik önlemleriyle sonuçsuz kalmıştı. Özkök ise bu iddialar için "Benim konumumdaki kişilere karşı böyle girişimler olabilir. Güvenlikten sorumlu arkadaşlar önlemlerini alırlar. Çoğunlukla da komutana söylemezler bile. Tedirginlik yaratmamak için. O tarihlerde benim güzergâhım zaman zaman bir önlem olarak değiştirilirdi.'" dedi.

Özkök'ün Genelkurmay başkanlığı döneminde zehirlenmekten korktuğu için Genelkurmay yemekhanesinde yemek yemediği ve yemeklerini evden getirdiği ve GATA'daki sağlık kontrollerine gitmediği iddiaları basında yer almıştı. Özkök, yemeklerinin evden getirdiğini doğrulamış, fakat karargâhtaki yağlı yemeklerin biraz ağır olacağı düşüncesiyle evde hazırlanan hafif gıdaları tükettiğini söylemişti.

Kişisel yaşamı
4 Ağustos 1940 tarihinde, Manisa'nın Turgutlu ilçesinde dünyaya geldi. Babası sıhhi tesisatçılık işiyle uğraşıyordu, annesini 3 yaşında iken kaybetmişti. İngilizce ve orta derecede Rusça bilen Özkök, 1967 yılında Turgutlu eşrafından Ali Moralıgil'in kızı olan fen bilgisi öğretmeni Özenç ile evlenmiş ve bu evliliklerinden Gürler ve Çağlar adında iki oğulları olmuştur. 2006'da Genelkurmay başkanı görevinde iken emekli olduktan sonra İzmir'in Urla ilçesine yerleşmiştir ve hâlen burada yaşamını sürdürmektedir.

Özkök, Beşiktaş taraftarıdır.

Hilmi Özkök, Müslüman olduğunu belirtmiştir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
1940 doğumlular
Turgutlu doğumlular
Işıklar Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Kara Harp Okulunda öğrenim görenler
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Şeref Madalyası sahipleri
Topçu subaylar

Hilmi Özkök