Assassin's Creed: Codul Asasinului este un film de acțiune-aventură, bazat pe seria de jocuri video omonimă, și lansat în 2016. Este regizat de Justin Kurzel, scris de Michael Lesslie, Adam Cooper și Bill Collage, iar în rolurile principale joacă Michael Fassbender, Marion Cotillard, Jeremy Irons, Brendan Gleeson, Charlotte Rampling și Michael K. Williams.

Filmul se petrece în același univers cu cel al jocurilor video, dar are o poveste originală, ce extinde mitologia seriei, având loc în timpul Inchiziției spaniole. Filmările au început la sfârșitul lunii august 2015 și s-au încheiat în ianuarie 2016. Assassin's Creed a avut premiera pe 21 decembrie 2016 în Statele Unite și Franța, primind recenzii negative din partea criticilor, și are încasări de peste 240 milioane $.

Intrigă

În 1492, în timpul Războiului Granadei, Aguilar de Nerha este acceptat în Frăția Asasinilor. Îi este dată misiunea de a-l proteja pe prințul Ahmed al Granadei. În 1986, Callum se întoarce acasă, unde își găsește mama ucisă de mâna tatălui său, Joseph, un Asasin din prezent. În vreme ce oameni înarmați ai lui Alan Rikkin (Jeremy Irons), CEO al Fundației Abstergo, Templierii din prezent, se apropie pentru a-l captura pe Joseph, el îi ordonă fiului său să fugă.

În 2016, Callum (Michael Fassbender) urmează să fie executat pentru crimă, dar este salvat de Abstergo, care i-a înscenat moartea, și transportat la filiala din Madrid, Spania. El află că aceștia caută Mărul din Eden, care conține codul genetic al liberului-arbitru, pentru a subjuga omenirea. Sofia (Marion Cotillard), fiica lui Alan și cercetătoarea-șefă, îi spune lui Callum că el este un descendent al lui Aguilar și îl conectează la Animus, o mașinărie care îi permite să retrăiască amintirile lui Aguilar, pentru ca Abstergo să afle locația curentă a Mărului.

În Andaluzia, Spania, Aguilar și partenera sa, Maria, sunt trimiși să-l salveze pe Ahmed, care a fost răpit de Marele Maestru Templier, Tomas de Torquemada, pentru a-l obliga pe tatăl lui Ahmed, Sultanul Muhammad XII, să predea Mărul. Aguilar și Maria îi interceptează pe Templieri, dar sunt asaltați și capturați de bruta lui Torquemada, Ojeda, iar Callum este scos afară din Animus de către Sofia.

În captivitate, Callum se împrietenește cu alți descendenți ai Asasinilor, conduși de Moussa, descendent al lui Baptiste, un Asasin haitian din secolul 18, și începe să aibă halucinații, denumite 'the Bleeding Effect-Efectului Sângerării' atât cu Aguilar, cât și cu Joseph. Callum și Sofia discută în timpul sesiunilor, iar ea dezvăluie că și mama ei a fost omorâtă de un Asasin.

Înapoi în Animus, Aguilar și Maria urmează să fie executați, dar Aguilar reușește să se elibereze pe el și pe Maria, ceea ce duce la o urmărire pe acoperiș, în care cei doi execută un "Leap of Faith-Act de Credință" (vezi mai jos) pentru a scăpa. Mintea lui Callum reacționează violent, iar el devine paralizat temporar. El află apoi că și Joseph este prezent în această clădire. Confruntându-l pe Joseph pentru moartea mamei sale, Callum află că, datorită Efectului Sângerării, amintirile sale se îmbină cu cele ale lui Aguilar, permițându-i lui Callum să învețe din mers abilitățile lui Aguilar; el află că și mama sa era o Asasină, care a ales să moară de mâna lui Joseph, decât să fie cobai în Animus-ul Templierilor. Callum jură să distrugă Frăția Asasinilor prin găsirea Mărului. Între timp, Alan este pus sub presiune de superioarea sa, Ellen Kaye, să închidă Proiectul Animus din cauza lipsei rezultatelor, ceea ce o duce pe Sofia să se îndoiască de adevăratele intenții ale lui Alan.

Callum reintră voit în Animus, unde Aguilar și Maria îi iau în surprindere pe Muhammad și Ojeda. Ei reușesc să îi omoare pe Templieri și să recupereze Mărul, cu toate că Ojeda o capturează pe Maria pentru a-l forța pe Aguilar să predea Mărul. Maria alege să moară, și Ojeda o înjunghie fatal, după care Aguilar îl omoară pe Ojeda. Aguilar scapă apoi, executând un alt Leap of Faith, iar forța aplicată face ca Animus-ul să se defecteze. Aguilar îi dă apoi Mărul din Eden lui Cristofor Columb, care promite că va lua Mărul cu el în mormânt. Moussa și ceilalți prizonieri Asasini încep o revoltă, în care Joseph este omorât de Abstergo.

Callum stă în camera Animus-ului și are halucinații cu mai mulți Asasini, inclusiv Aguilar, Arno Dorian, Joseph, și mama sa. Callum se atașează de moștenirea Asasinilor și, având asimilate complet memoriile și abilitățile strămoșului său, se alătură Asasinilor în evadarea din clădire.

Având recuperat Mărul, Alan Rikkin și asociații săi se întrunesc într-un sanctuar templier din Londra pentru a participa la o ceremonie. Înăuntrul sanctuarului, o Sophie dezorientată se întâlnește cu Callum, care a venit să fure Mărul, iar ea îi permite involuntar să acționeze. Callum se strecoară prin spatele lui Rikkin și îl omoară pentru a recupera Mărul din Eden, moment în care Asasinii fug, jurând că îl vor proteja. Sofia promite că se va răzbuna pe Callum.

Distribuție
 Michael Fassbender în rolul lui Callum Lynch și Aguilar de Nerha:
Personaj creat special pentru acest film, Lynch este un descendent al Asasinilor, având legături genetice cu Aguilar, un Asasin din Spania secolului 15. Callum a fugit toată viața sa, încă de când a fost martor la uciderea mamei sale, el copil fiind. Dar societatea modernă l-a protejat de secretele moștenirii sale. Așteptând să fie executat, Callum este capturat și adus la filiala Abstergo din Madrid, Spania, unde va învăța ce rol are el în lumea asta, dar și să controleze focul ce arde înăuntrul său. Fassbender l-a descris pe Callum spunând că "El nu simte că ar avea vreo moștenire... are un suflet pierdut. Vizitează des casele de corecție," iar pe Aguilar l-a descris ca fiind "cineva care chiar aparține Frăției. El are un scop, pe care îl și urmărește. Aparține clar Frăției." Angus Brown îl interpretează pe tânărul Callum.
 Marion Cotillard în rolul Sofiei Rikkin:
Fiica lui Alan Rikkin și coordonatoare a proiectului Animus de la Abstergo Industries. Sofia este o cercetătoare briliantă, hotărâtă să folosească știința pentru a eradica impulsurile violente ale umanității și a crea o lume mai armonioasă. Dar ea nu vede imaginea de ansamblu a cauzelor Templierilor din prezent, iar supunerea sa este pusă la îndoială. Marion Cotillard a descris relația dintre Sofia și tatăl ei ca fiind "alambicată". "Relația dintre cei doi este distantă, iar ea încearcă orice pentru a-l face mândru," a explicat ea. "Dar în același timp, ea începe să înțeleagă că nu se află pe aceeași lungime de undă cu el. Cel mai important lucru pentru ea nu este să-și impresioneze tatăl, ci să îndeplinească ceea ce a început."
 Jeremy Irons în rolul lui Alan Rikkin:
CEO-ul vizionar de la Abstergo Industries, dedicat "perfecționării" omenirii, unul dintre liderii Templierilor moderni, și tatăl Sophiei, pentru care are o mare admirație. El este determinat să îndeplinească scopul vechi de secole al Tempierilor, acela de a obține controlul asupra umanității. Prin Callum, și a memoriilor strămoșilor săi, Rikkin ar putea ca în sfârșit să găsească cheia pentru a obține puterea supremă. "Sunt un uzurpator. O umbră. Un om care se află în fruntea acestei lumi," spune Irons. Ca și Sofia, Rikkin crede în "îndepărtarea impulsurilor violente ale oamenilor," și vede o oportunitate în Cal. "Rikkin crede că sursa nefericirii în lume sunt războaiele, iar dacă va scăpa de asta, oamenii vor fi mai bogați și mai în siguranță. Nu este un om cu morală, dar așa se crede el."  Personajul a apărut anterior în primul joc Assassin's Creed.
 Brendan Gleeson în rolul lui Joseph: Tatăl lui Callum Lynch și Asasin, care a fost forțat să-și omoare soția, Mary Lynch, pentru a o salva de la invazia celor de la Abstergo. Brian Gleeson îl interpretează pe tânărul Joseph.
 Charlotte Rampling în rolul Ellenei Kaye: O Templieră de rang mai înalt decât Alan Rikkin, care caută încheierea operațiunii Abstergo.
 Michael K. Williams în rolul lui Moussa, Asasin: Moussa este un descendent de-al lui Baptiste, un Asasin haitian care folosește otravă voodoo împotriva inamicilor săi. Williams a spus, "Moussa are cu siguranță niște abilități de asasin. Cu toate că preferă să folosească trucuri și magie voodoo împotriva dușmanilor, cred că s-ar descurca bine și în lupta corp-la-corp." Baptiste a apărut anterior în Assassin's Creed III: Liberation.
 Denis Ménochet în rolul lui McGowen.
 Ariane Labed în rolul Mariei:
 O asasină abilă din Spania secolului 15 și cel mai apropiat aliat al lui Aguilar. Mai cumpătată decât prietenul său, Maria este silențioasă și extrem de rapidă, iar împreună sunt o forță de neoprit. Ca și Aguilar, ea înțelege daunele pe care Templierii le aduc țării sale.
 Matias Varela în rolul lui Emir: Emir este un descendent de-al lui Yusuf Tazim, un Asasin din Orientul Mijlociu, care folosește arcul și săgețile, împreună cu sabia și cuțitele, împotriva inamicilor săi.
 Callum Turner în rolul lui Nathan: Un cobai al Abstergo, și descendent al lui Duncan Walpole, un Asasin american din secolul 18.
 Javier Gutiérrez în rolul lui Tomas de Torquemada:
Tomas de Torquemada a condus Inchiziția Spaniolă timp de 15 ani, îndreptându-și forțele spre jefuirea și uciderea acelora pe care îi credea că fac abuz de putere. Cea mai puternică unealtă din arsenalul său era auto-de-fe: acte teatrale de pedepsire publică, in care toți inamicii Inchiziției erau arși de vii.
 Hovik Keuchkerian în rolul lui Ojeda:
În timp ce Torquemada trăgea sforile, Ojeda face munca fizică: pedepsirea brutală a tuturor celor care se împotriveau Inchiziției. Conduce o mare armată, cu care distruge orașe întregi, dar lipsa sa de subtilitate îi ajută pe Asasinii care lucrează din umbră să fie cu ochii pe el tot timpul.
 Michelle H. Lin în rolul Linei: Un alt cobai de la Abstergo și descendentă a lui Shao Jun, o Asasină chinezoaică din secolul 16.

Producție

Dezvoltare

În octombrie 2011, Sony Pictures făcea ultimele negocieri cu Ubisoft Motion Pictures pentru a realiza un film despre Assassin's Creed, în versiune 3D. În iulie 2012, Michael Fassbender a fost anunțat ca actor principal al filmului, precum și ca co-producător al lui, prin compania sa, DMC Film, împreună cu Conor McCaughan. Jean-Julien Baronnet, CEO al Ubisoft Motion Pictures, a declarat că Fassbender a fost prima alegere a studioului pentru acest rol. Negocierile dintre Sony Pictures și Ubisoft Motion Pictures au fost amânate, deoarece Ubisoft dorea să realizeze filmul independent, pentru a menține controlul creativ. Sony încă putea să distribuie filmul, dar Ubisoft Motion Pictures nu dorea continuarea producției decât după ce filmul urma să aibă un regizor și un scenarist. În octombrie, Ubisoft a dezvăluit că filmul va fi co-produs de New Regency și va fi distribuit de 20th Century Fox. New Regency va finanța marea parte a producției, pentru ca Ubisoft să nu-și asume un risc financiar, dar, cu toate acestea, să fie implicată creativ; RatPac Entertainment și Alpha Pictures vor co-finanța filmul. Baronnet a dezvăluit și că Ubisoft speră să lanseze filmul odată cu un nou joc al seriei.

În ianuarie 2013, Michael Lesslie a fost angajat ca scenarist al filmului. În iunie 2013, Frank Marshall a început negocierile pentru a produce filmul, împreună cu Fassbender și McCaughan de la DMC Film, și cu Eli Richbourg de la Ubisoft. În iulie, Scott Frank a dezvăluit că va rescrie scenariul. În ianuarie 2014, pe profilul de Linkedin al producătorului-executiv Fannie Pailloux a fost dezvăluit că filmările vor începe în august 2014. În aprilie 2014, Adam Cooper și Bill Collage au fost angajați să rescrie scenariul. La sfârșitul lui aprilie, Justin Kurzel a intrat în negocieri pentru regia filmului. În iunie, Olivia Munn și-a exprimat interesul de a juca în film.

Pre-producție
Pe 12 februarie 2015, Yves Guillemot, CEO al Ubisoft, a confirmat că New Regency a început producerea filmului. A doua zi, Marion Cotillard a fost dezvăluită ca parte a distribuției, și că filmările urmau să înceapă la sfârșitul anului 2015. În aprilie 2015, Fassbender a dezvăluit că filmările vor începe în septembrie 2015. În mai 2015, a fost dezvăluit că Alicia Vikander se află în negocieri pentru a se alătura filmului, dar, în următoarea lună, a fost anunțat că va lua parte la al cincilea film cu Bourne, iar Ariane Labed a fost aleasă în locul ei. Producătorii filmului îi includ pe Baronnet, Patrick Crowley, Fassbender, Marshall, Conor McCaughan și Arnon Milchan. În iulie 2015, Michael K. Williams s-a alăturat distribuției. La sfârșitul lunii august 2015, a fost anunțat că Fassbender va juca rolul lui Callum Lynch în prezent, și cel al lui Aguilar în Spania secolului al 15-lea, precum și locațiile unde se vor desfășura filmările.

Filmări
Primele filmări au început pe 31 august 2015, locațiile unde se vor desfășura filmările fiind Malta, Londra, Spania, și Platoul 007 de la Pinewood Studios. Adam Arkapaw va fi directorul de imagine, în timp ce Andy Nicholson va fi designerul producției. În octombrie 2015, Jeremy Irons și Brendan Gleeson s-au alăturat distribuției. În decembrie 2015, au avut loc filmările din Spania, și a fost dezvăluit că Irons îl va juca pe Alan Rikkin. Filmările principale s-au terminat pe 15 ianuarie 2016, alte filmări având loc și la Catedrala Ely în iulie.

Muzica
În mai 2016, a fost anunțat că Jed Kurzel, fratele regizorului Justin Kurzel, va compune coloana sonoră a filmului.

Legăturile cu jocurile video
Aymar Azaïzia, șef al secțiunii Assassin's Creed la Ubisoft, a declarat că filmul, care va fi "o poveste nou-nouță, [cu] personaje noi în universul nostru," avea posibilitatea de a avea "niște chipuri familiare" și că elementul prezentului va conține și conglomeratul Abstergo. Fassbender a declarat, "Chiar dorim să respectăm jocul și caracteristicile acestuia. Dar vrem să venim și cu ceva nou. Și un lucru pe care l-am învățat încă de la seria X-Men este că audiența vrea să fie surprinsă și să vadă elemente noi a ceea ce știu deja, prin diferite abordări." Animusul, mașinăria folosită pentru a retrăi amintirile strămoșilor, a fost reproiectată pentru acest film, dintr-un scaun, într-o mașină care îl ridică pe utilizator în aer, permițând o experiență mai modernă, mai interactivă și mai dramatică. Fassbender a spus și că această schimbare a fost introdusă pentru a se evita asemănările cu The Matrix. Clădirea Abstergo din film conține o cameră de artefacte, în care se află, pe lângă lamele tradiționale de la încheietură, și alte arme specifice jocului, precum: sabia lui Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad (Assassin's Creed); arcul lui Connor/Ratonhnhaké:ton (Assassin's Creed III); pistoalele cu flintă ale lui Edward Kenway (Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag); și șișul lui Jacob Frye (Assassin's Creed Syndicate). Fassbender a declarat și că cei de la Ubisoft au fost foarte "dornici" de a vedea elementele noi ale filmului, și că le-ar putea folosi și pe acestea în viitoarele lor jocuri.

Filmul conține și săritura "de semnătură" a jocului, "Leap of Faith (Actul de credință)", executată de dublura lui Fassbender, Damien Walters, și nu de o dublură digitală, deoarece echipa de producție a dorit ca acțiunile din film să pară cât mai "reale", fără a se folosi efecte speciale. Săritura de la peste 38 de metri a fost descrisă ca fiind "una dintre cele mai înalte sărituri libere executate de un cascador de 35 de ani încoace".

Lansare
Assassin's Creed a fost lansat pe 21 decembrie 2016. Inițial, în mai 2013, a fost anunțat că filmul se va lansa pe 22 mai 2015, după care a fost amânat pentru data de 19 iunie 2015. În noiembrie 2013, filmul a fost amânat încă o dată, de data aceasta pentru 7 august 2015. În septembrie 2014, filmul a fost amânat din nou pentru o data nespecificată din 2016, care, în ianuarie 2015, s-a dovedit a fi 21 decembrie 2016.

Încasări
Assassin's Creed a încasat un total de 54,6 milioane $ în Statele Unite și Canada, și 186,3 milioane $ în alte teritorii, pentru un total de 240,9 milioane $, cu un buget de producție de 125 de milioane $.

În America de Nord, era de așteptat inițial ca Assassin's Creed să încaseze între 25 și 35 de milioane $, de la peste 2.900 de cinematografe, în primele șase zile de la lansare. Cu toate acestea, după ce a încasat doar 1,4 milioane $ în marțea avanpremierei și 4,6 milioane $ în ziua premierei, așteptările au scăzut la 22 de milioane $. A ajuns să încaseze doar 10,3 milioane $ în weekendul lansării (iar in cele șase zile, 22.5 milioane $), terminând pe locul 5 în ierarhia încasărilor.

Reacția criticilor
Assassin's Creed a primit recenzii negative din partea criticilor. Pe Rotten Tomatoes, filmul are un rating de doar 17%, bazat pe 174 de recenzii, cu un rating în medie de 3,9/10. Site-ul scrie, "Assassin's Creed este, fără îndoială, mai bine adaptat decât restul filmelor realizate după jocuri video, cu o distribuție interesantă; din păcate, folosirea excesivă a CGI-ului a rezultat într-o plictiseală necaptivantă." Pe Metacritic, filmul are un scor de 36 din 100, bazat pe 38 de recenzii, indicând "recenzii majoritar nefavorabile". Audiența de pe CinemaScore i-a acordat filmului o notă de "B+" pe o scară de la A+ la F.

David Ehrlich de la IndieWire i-a acordat filmului o notă de B-, spunând, "a zice că asta e cea mai bună adaptare a unui joc video este genul de compliment fals care sună ca o hiperbolă, dar descrierea acoperă ambele părți."

Într-o recenzie negativă, Peter Bradshaw de la The Guardian a scris, "Pun pariu că jocul este mult mai interesant, deoarece un Fassbender care vopsește pereții celulei sale ultra-moderne și monitorizează pierderea de umiditate nu este nici pe departe așa." Robbie Collin de la Daily Telegraph a fost la fel de negativ, spunând, "Pentru toți cei care credeau că romanelor de conspirație ale lui Dan Brown le lipsea o picătură de parkour, Assassin's Creed ar putea fi fix ceea ce căutau. Dar pentru noi, restul de 99.9% dintre spectatori, filmul nu este așa de captivant."

Lansarea pe DVD
Assassin's Creed a fost lansat pe Blu-ray și DVD în data de 21 martie 2017 și pe Digital HD pentru Amazon Video și iTunes în data de 10 martie 2017.

Posibile continuări
În martie 2016, Daphne Yang, CEO al co-finanțatorului taiwanez CatchPlay, a spus că New Regency caută să transforme filmul într-o serie, de vreme ce este bazat pe "jocurile de succes ale lui Ubisoft și ar trebui să se filmeze și continuări." Două continuări sunt plănuite, primul film intrând în dezvoltare în timpul producției acestui film. Kurzel le-a spus celor de la Premiere că ar vrea să exploreze Războiul Rece în următorul film.

Referințe

Legături externe

Assassin's Creed
Filme 20th Century Fox
Filme americane
Filme bazate pe jocuri video
Filme cu acțiunea în Londra
Filme de acțiune din anii 2010
Filme din 2016
Filme fantastice din anii 2010
Filme franțuzești
Filme în limba engleză
Filme în limba spaniolă
Filme Pinewood Studios
Filme SF din anii 2010
Filme turnate în Londra
2016 în științifico-fantastic

Assassin's Creed: Codul Asasinului (film)


lsof (List open files) ist ein von Vic Abell entwickeltes Open-Source-Werkzeug, das auf Unix-Systemen anzeigt, welche Programme welche Dateien oder Sockets geöffnet halten.

Ausgabeformat
Offene Dateien sind bei lsof
 UNIX Domain Sockets (type=unix)
 Reguläre Dateien (type=REG)
 FIFOs (type=FIFO)
 Geöffnete Verzeichnisse (type=DIR)
 Internet Domain sockets (type=IPv4 oder type=IPv6)
 Character devices (Spezialdateien wie /dev/random; type=CHR)

und noch einige dutzend andere, wie AX.25-Sockets, Block-Devices usw.

Die Ausgabe sieht dabei so aus:

 COMMAND     PID   TID       USER   FD      TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF       NODE NAME
 ...
 ssh-agent  2678              lbo    3u     unix 0xffff88013e71cac0      0t0       7624 /tmp/ssh-oyerzGJI2633/agent.2633
 ssh-agent  2678              lbo    6w     FIFO                0,8      0t0       4795 pipe
 ssh-agent  2678              lbo    8r     FIFO                0,8      0t0       4799 pipe
 system-co  2866              lbo  mem       REG                8,6   162968    1050015 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssh2.so.1.0.1
 sshd       3031             root  cwd       DIR                8,6     4096          2 /
 sshd       3031             root  rtd       DIR                8,6     4096          2 /
 sshd       3031             root  txt       REG                8,6   517088    1053360 /usr/sbin/sshd
 sshd       3031             root  mem       REG                8,6   131107    1187879 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.13.so
 sshd       3031             root  mem       REG                8,6    80712    1180726 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv-2.13.so
 sshd       3031             root    0u      CHR                1,3      0t0       1028 /dev/null
 sshd       3031             root    3u     IPv4               8026      0t0        TCP *:ospfapi (LISTEN)
 sshd       3031             root    4u     IPv6               8028      0t0        TCP *:ospfapi (LISTEN)
 ssh        7314              lbo  cwd       DIR                8,7     4096    5767169 /home/lbo
 ssh        8602              lbo    3r     IPv6              68343      0t0        TCP [2001:470:1f0b:2f2:3189:67c1:b550:9400]:56194->obsd-lbo6:ssh (ESTABLISHED)
 ...
 udevd      3226             root  11u   netlink 0t0      10784 KOBJECT_UEVENT
 ...

Hier kann man sehr gut die unterschiedlichen Typen sehen (Spalte TYPE), hier vor allem anhand des sshd und ssh-Client.

Ausgabeformat für andere Programme
Für die Verarbeitung der Ausgabe mit Scripten kann mit der Option -F ein alternatives Ausgabeformat erzeugt werden, bei dem in jeder Zeile ein identifizierender Buchstabe gefolgt vom entsprechenden Wert steht. Für jeden laufenden Prozess wird ein mehrzeiliger Abschnitt angelegt, der eingeleitet wird durch die Zeile mit dem Buchstaben p und der Prozess-ID. Innerhalb eines Prozessabschnitts befinden sich Werte wie die User-ID des Prozesses, eingeleitet durch u, außerdem mehrere Abschnitte zu den geöffneten Dateien, eingeleitet durch eine Zeile mit dem Buchstaben f und dem File-Descriptor. Eine beispielhafte Ausgabe für den Prozess sshd mit zwei Datei-Abschnitten sähe dann so aus:

 ...
 p5502
 g5502
 R1
 csshd
 u0
 Lroot
 fcwd
 a
 l
 tDIR
 D0x811
 s4096
 i2
 k25
 n/
 ftxt
 a
 l
 tREG
 D0x811
 s540896
 i657919
 k1
 n/usr/sbin/sshd
 ...

Verwendet wird dieses Ausgabeformat z. B. von einigen Scripten, die mit lsof mitgeliefert werden.

Alltäglicher Nutzen
Sehr oft wird lsof genutzt, wenn der Unix-Befehl umount sich weigert, ein Gerät auszuhängen, wenn noch Dateien auf diesem Gerät bzw. in dessen Mount-Verzeichnis geöffnet sind (die Raute stellt eine Root-Shell dar):

 # umount /mount/path
 umount: /mount/path: device is busy.

Durch lsof lässt sich nun einfach feststellen, welche Programme beendet werden müssen, um ein erfolgreiches Aushängen zu gewährleisten:

 # lsof /mount/path
 bash 3156             usr cwd DIR               8,33     4096          2 /mount/path

Aus dem gefundenen Eintrag lässt sich entnehmen, dass der Nutzer usr noch eine bash-Shell mit PID 3156 laufen hat, die /mount/path als Arbeitsverzeichnis (Current Working Directory) nutzt, erkennbar am Typ DIR.

Die mount-Version aus dem util-linux-Paket weist sogar auf lsof hin:

 # umount /mount/path
 umount: /mount/path: device is busy.
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

Einzelnachweise

Unix-Software
Freie Systemsoftware

Lsof


AFC jug je jedna od četiri divizije AFC konferencije u nacionalnoj ligi američkog nogometa NFL. Članovi divizije su Houston Texansi, Indianapolis Coltsi, Jacksonville Jaguarsi i Tennessee Titansi. Divizija postoji u trenutnom obliku od sezone 2002., kada je nakon ulaska Houston Texansa u ligu ukupan broj momčadi porastao na 32, koje su tada raspodijeljene na ukupno osam divizija po četiri momčadi, po četiri divizije u svakoj konferenciji.

Sjedišta momčadi divizije AFC jug su Houston, Texas (Houston Texans), Indianapolis, Indiana (Indianapolis Colts),  Jacksonville, Florida (Jacksonville Jaguars) i Nashville, Tennessee (Tennessee Titans).

Pobjednici divizije AFC jug od 2002. do 2020. godine

Izvori

National Football League

AFC jug


Glenea leucospilota é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrita por John O. Westwood Em 1841, originalmente sob o género Colobothea.  É conhecida a sua existência nas Filipinas.

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

leucospilota
Coleópteros descritos em 1841

Glenea leucospilota


Churún () je rijeka u Venezueli, dio porječja Orinoca. Izvire u Nacionalnom parku Canaima, a utječe u rijeku Carrao. Angelovi slapovi, najviši svjetski vodopad, vodom hrane rijeku Kerep, pritoku Churun.

Izvori

Rijeke u Venezueli
Porječje Carraoa

Churún


Paradoxul pisicii unse cu unt sau paradoxul pisicii cu felia de unt în spinare este un paradox-glumă care pornește de la următoarele aforisme:
 Pisicile cad întotdeauna în picioare
 Feliile de pâine unse cu unt cad întotdeauna cu partea unsă în jos

Ce s-ar întâmpla dacă o pisică cade cu o felie de unt (partea unsă cu unt în sus) legată de spatele pisicii?

Paradoxul pisicii cu felia de unt în spinare a fost prezentat de artistul John Frazee din Kingston, New York, care a câștigat un concurs al revistei OMNI din 1993 despre paradoxuri (vezi imaginea din dreapta). Premiza de bază a acestui paradox-glumă a fost prezentată și de Michael Davis în The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson, la 22 iulie 1988.

Unii oameni susțin în glumă că experimentul va produce un efect anti-gravitațional. Ei afirmă ca pisica coboară spre pământ, dar coborârea va încetini și pisica va intra într-o stare de echilibru de rotație, deoarece picioarele pisicii și partea de sus a feliei încearcă fiecare să aterizeze pe pământ.
În iunie 2003, Kimberly Miner a câștigat un premiu Student Academy Award pentru filmul ei Perpetual Motion. Miner și-a bazat filmul pe o lucrare scrisă de un prieten de liceu care a explorat implicațiile potențiale ale ideii pisicii unse cu unt.

Note

Vezi și
Listă de paradoxuri

Paradoxuri
Glume
Aforisme
Antigravitație
Pseudoștiință

Paradoxul pisicii unse cu unt


Pokret sirjačkog zbora  (arapski: حركة تجمع السريان, eng. Syriac Assembly Movement, Syriac Independent Unified Movement), prije Pokret neovisnog sirjačkog okupljanja (eng. formerly Syriac Independent Gathering Movement), sirjačka politička stranka u Iraku. Trenutno drži mjesto pridržano za kršćane u vijeću Ninivskom guverneratu.

Sirjaci
Iračke političke stranke

Pokret sirjačkog zbora


Žensko bacanje koplja na Olimpijskim igrama 1932. održano je na Olimpijskom stadionu u Los Angelesu 31. srpnja.

To je bilo prvo izdanje ženskog bacanja koplja na Olimpijskim igrama uopće.

Amerikanka Babe Didrikson osvojila je zlato s prebačenim olimpijskim rekordom. Njemica Ellen Braumüller osvojila je srebrno. a njezina sunarodnjakinja Tilly Fleischer brončano odličje.

Rezultati

Napomena: OR označava olimpijski rekord.

Izvori
 www.sports-reference.com - OI 1932: Žensko bacanje koplja

Bacanje koplja na Olimpijskim igrama

Atletika na OI 1932. – žensko bacanje koplja


O Campeonato Italiano de Futebol de 1954–55, denominada oficialmente de Serie A 1954-1955, foi a 53.ª edição da principal divisão do futebol italiano e a 23.ª edição da Serie A. O campeão foi o Milan que conquistou seu 5.º título na história do Campeonato Italiano. O artilheiro foi Gunnar Nordahl, do Milan (27 gols).

Classificação
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="30"|
!width="170"|Equipes
!width="30"|
!width="20"|
!width="20"|
!width="20"|
!width="20"|
!width="25"|
!width="25"|
!width="25"|
!Classificação ou Rebaixamento
|- bgcolor="ACE1AF"
|1
|align="left"|||48||34||19||10||5||81||35||46||Primeira fase da Copa da Europa de 1955–56
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|2
|align="left"|||44||34||16||12||6||58||42||16||Rebaixamento para a Serie B de 1955–56
|-
|3
|align="left"|||41||34||13||15||6||53||39||14
|-
|4
|align="left"|||40||34||15||10||9||56||47||9
|-
|5
|align="left"|||39||34||14||11||9||49||48||1
|-
|6
|align="left"|||38||34||13||12||9||50||40||10
|-
|7
|align="left"|||37||34||12||13||9||60||53||7
|-
|8
|align="left"|||36||34||13||10||11||55||49||6
|-
|9
|align="left"|||34||34||11||12||11||54||44||10
|-
|9
|align="left"|||34||34||12||10||12||42||45||–3
|-
|11
|align="left"|||31||34||9||13||12||34||44||−10
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|12
|align="left"|||30||34||10||10||14||38||47||−9||Rebaixamento para a Serie B de 1955–56
|-
|12
|align="left"|||30||34||11||8||15||41||52||−11
|-
|12
|align="left"|||30||34||9||12||13||34||52||−18
|-
|15
|align="left"|||28||34||8||12||14||35||38||−3
|-
|15
|align="left"|||28||34||10||8||16||39||53||−14
|-
|17
|align="left"|||23||34||5||13||16||24||49||−25
|-
|18
|align="left"|Pro Patria||21'||34||6||9||19||29||55||−25
|}
 a.  e  foram rebaixados para a Serie B pela FIGC por um caso de corrupção. Pro Patria e  mantiveram suas vagas na Serie A.

 Premiação

 Artilheiros Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004'', Panini Edizioni, Modena, Setembro de 2005

Campeonato Italiano de Futebol - Série A
1954 no futebol
1955 no futebol
Desporto na Itália em 1954
Desporto na Itália em 1955

Serie A de 1954–55


سورة الضحى وهي سورة من سور القرآن الكريم تقع في الجزء الثلاثين من القرآن
 صلاة الضحى صلاة مستحبة عند المسلمين.
 الضحى هو وقت من أوقات النهار.

الضحى (توضيح)


Anri Dschochadse (; * 6. November 1980 in Tiflis, Georgische SSR, UdSSR) ist ein georgischer Popsänger.

Seine Musikkarriere begann 1998, ab da nahm er an verschiedenen Musikwettbewerben in Georgien und den Nachbarländern teil. Als Backgroundsänger unterstützte er die georgische Sängerin Diana Gurzkaja beim Eurovision Song Contest 2008, der ihr einen elften Platz brachte. Dschochadse selbst versuchte sich ein Jahr später bei der georgischen Vorauswahl, konnte dort aber keinen Sieg davontragen.

Er gewann mit dem Popsong I´m a Joker die georgische Vorauswahl 2012 und durfte daher beim Eurovision Song Contest 2012 im zweiten Halbfinale antreten. Nach Auswertung der Televoting-Ergebnisse konnte er sich allerdings nicht für das zwei Tage später stattfindende Finale qualifizieren.

Diskografie (Alben)
 I Appear On The Stage Again (Art Land, 2006)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Musiker (Georgien)
Popsänger
Interpret eines georgischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Sowjetbürger
Georgier
Geboren 1980
Mann

Anri Dschochadse


الهواري هي أحد ضواحي جنوب غرب مدينة بنغازي، ليبيا. يوجد بها أكبر مصنع للاسمنت في ليبيا وهو «مصنع الهواري». وتوجد بها مقبرة المدينة الرسمية ومستشفى الهواري العام والقلب و الاشعة والمسالك و بها مخزون ضخم جدا من الحجر الجيري.

هواري

الهواري


هيئة الاتصالات والفضاء والتقنية تعرف سابقا بهيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات، هي هيئة حكومية سعودية تتمتع بشخصية اعتبارية واستقلالية مالية، أنشئت بموجب قرار مجلس الوزراء رقم 74 وتاريخ 5/3/1422هـ. تعنى بتنظيم قطاع الاتصالات والفضاء والتقنية في المملكة العربية السعودية.

نبذة تاريخية
مرت الهيئة بمراحل عدة منذ نشأتها، وأبرزها

المرحلة الأولى (1418 – 1420هـ)

تحويل تقديم خدمات الاتصالات من وزارة البرق والبريد والهاتف في عام 1418 هـ إلى شركة الاتصالات السعودية، بالإضافة إلى إعداد أنظمة الهيئة.

المرحلة الثانية (1421 – 1422هـ)

إنشاء هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات تحت مسمى (هيئة الاتصالات السعودية) بموجب قرار مجلس الوزراء الموقر رقم 74 وتاريخ 1422/5/3هـ. وبتاريخ 1422/3/12هـ صدر المرسوم الملكي الكريم رقم م/12 بالموافقة على نظام الاتصالات.هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات

المرحلة الثالثة (1423هـ)

بدء خصخصة القطاع وطرح 30% من شركات الاتصالات للاكتتاب، بالإضافة إلى صدور قرار مجلس الوزراء رقم 133 وتاريخ 1424/5/21هـ والقاضي بتغيير مسمى هيئة الاتصالات السعودية لتصبح (هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات) وتعديل تنظيم هيئة الاتصالات بما يتلاءم مع المسمى الجديد ويضاف إلى مهماتها الواردة في التنظيم.

المرحلة الرابعة (1424 – 1429هـ)

تحرير السوق وفتح باب المنافسة في سوق الاتصالات المتنقلة، وإقرار الخطة الوطنية للطيف الترددي والخطة الوطنية للترقيم، بالإضافة إلى نقل خدمات الإنترنت وترخيص مقدميها إلى الهيئة.

المرحلة الرابعة (1424 – 1429هـ)

تحرير السوق وفتح باب المنافسة في سوق الاتصالات المتنقلة، وإقرار الخطة الوطنية للطيف الترددي والخطة الوطنية للترقيم، بالإضافة إلى نقل خدمات الإنترنت وترخيص مقدميها إلى الهيئة.

المرحلة الخامسة (1430 – 1436هـ)

تنفيذ مشروعات الخدمة الشاملة، وتخفيض القيود التنظيمية وتعزيز المنافسة، بغرض خفض أسعار الخدمات وتحسين جودتها.

المرحلة السادسة (1440هـ)

صدور قرار مجلس الوزراء ذي الرقم (403) والتاريخ 1440/7/12هـ لتولي هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات الاختصاصات التنظيمية والرقابية لقطاع البريد.

المرحلة السابعة(1444هـ) تعديل الاسم إلى هيئة الاتصالات والفضاء والتقنية
في 1 نوفمبر 2022/ 7 ربيع الآخر 1444هـ، صدر قرار مجلس الوزراء بتعديل الاسم من (هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات) إلى (هيئة الاتصالات والفضاء والتقنية)

التميز المؤسسي
أعلنت هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات عن حصولها على اعتماد التميز المؤسسي في عام 2021م (Recognized For Excellence 4 Stars) من المؤسسة الأوروبية لإدارة الجودة «EFQM».

أوضح التقرير أن الهيئة باتت ضمن أعلى 40 جهة حكومية نضجاً في العالم حسب نموذج "EFQM". قامت الهيئة بتحديث إستراتيجيتها وأهدافها الطموحة للأعوام المقبلة عبر تصميم وتطوير 20 مبادرة إستراتيجية و161 برنامجاً ومشروعاً إستراتيجيا، لتقوم بحماية المستخدمين وتشجيع الإستثمار وتعزيز المنافسة، وتوفير الخدمات المتميزة والتقنيات الرقمية المبتكرة.

كانت هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات قد حصلت نهاية العام الميلادي الماضي على اعتمادي المستوى الأول والثاني من شهادة الالتزام المؤسسي من المنظمة الأوروبية لإدارة الجودة ""EFQM التي تعد المعيار العالمي للتميز المؤسسي وتجمع تحت مظلتها أكثر من (500) عضو من جهات مختلفة تمثل (55) دولة وتغطي (50) قطاعًا مختلفًا.

جائزة الإبتكار في تقنيات الواي فاي
أعلنت المنظمة الدولية للطيف الترددي (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance) فوز هيئة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات بجائزة «الإبتكار في تقنيات Wi-Fi» لعام 2020- 2021م، خلال القمة العالمية للإدارة الديناميكية للطيف الترددي 2021 المنعقدة افتراضيا، بمشاركة ممثلين من كبار منظمي القطاع والمؤسسات والشركات الدولية المهتمة بإدارة الطيف الترددي.
وأوضحت المنظمة أن فوز «هيئة الاتصالات» جاء عقب تحقيقها لمعايير الجائزة، وتميزها في الإدارة الفعالة لـ «الطيف الترددي»، وتمكينها لأحدث التقنيات اللاسلكية وإستغلالها بفعالية، وتبني الهيئة لخدمات الجيل السادس من تقنيات الواي فاي (Wi-Fi 6E)، بالإضافة إلى نشر أكثر من 60 ألف نقطة واي فاي مجانية في الأماكن العامة في المملكة، وتمكين استخدام تقنيات الواي فاي (Wi-Fi) في إنترنت الأشياء، وتطبيقات الرعاية الصحية والتعليم والزراعة والسلامة العامة.

المبادرات

مبادرة إعادة تدوير الأجهزة الإلكترونية
بالتعاون مع وزارة الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات تم إطلاق مبادرة إعادة تدوير الأجهزة الإلكترونية «دوّر جهازك»، وتأتي هذه المبادرة بغرض رفع مستوى الوعي لدى الأفراد والمؤسسات بدورهم تجاه تدوير الأجهزة الإلكترونية والاستدامة البيئية، وتعتمد هذه المبادرة على مرحلتين هما:

 المرحلة الأولى: استقبال طلبات المشاركة من القطاع الخاص للتبرع بأجهزتهم ابتداء من سبتمبر وحتى ديسمبر 2022.
 المرحلة الثانية: استقبال طلبات الأفراد من أكتوبر وحتى ديسمبر 2022.

المهام
 توفير خدمات متطورة وكافية وبأسعار مناسبة في قطاع الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات وقطاع البريد.
 إيجاد المناخ المناسب لتشجيع المنافسة العادلة.
 توطين التقنيات ومواكبة تقدمها.
 تحقيق الوضوح والشفافية في الإجراءات، بالإضافة إلى تحقيق مبادئ المساواة وعدم التمييز.
 حماية المصلحة العامة ومصالح المستخدمين والمستثمرين. مهام الهيئة

الرؤية والرسالة
تتمحور رؤية الهيئة حول الوصول إلى وطنٍ متصل، لاقتصاد رقمي مزدهر. أما رسالتها فهي : حماية المستخدمين، وتشجيع الاستثمار، وتعزيز المنافسة ؛ لضمان توفير خدمات متميزة وتقنيات رقمية مبتكرة.

القيم
 التمكين
 الشفافية
 التعاون
 الابتكار

أعضاء مجلس الإدارة

الاستراتيجية

خطة الهيئة
تتمحور الخطة حول أربعة محاور وهي: التقنية والبنية التحتية، وتنظيم القطاع وتعزيز المنافسة، وحماية المستخدمين، وتنمية وحماية مصالح المملكة وتعزيز مكانتها الإقليمية والدولية في المجالات المتعلقة بالقطاع. ولكل محور عدد من الأهداف تسعى الهيئة لتحقيقها مثل: ضمان توفر الموارد الحرجة (الطيف الترددي والأرقام) وإدارتها بشكل فعال، تطوير التنظيمات الخاصة بالتقنية وتقييس الاتصالات، وتسهيل نشر شبكات الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات، ووضع التنظيمات لضمان استمرارية الخدمات في حالات الطوارئ والكوارث، وتنظيم الطيف الترددي لضمان الاستخدام الفعال، وتحديث وتطوير اللوائح والأطر التنظيمية والأدوات ذات العلاقة ومواءمتها مع أفضل الممارسات، وتعزيز البيئة الاستثمارية في القطاع عبر تحسين إجراءات التراخيص والأطر التنظيمية ذات العلاقة، وحماية المنظومة القانونية لقطاع الاتصالات، والدعم القانوني داخل الهيئة، والادعاء والتقاضي أمام الجهات الخارجية، رفع مستوى التزام المرخصين بتنظيمات الهيئة وحماية حقوق المستخدمين والحكومة ومقدمي الخدمات، ورفع مستوى الأمن الرقمي في قطاع الاتصالات وتقنية المعلومات وتوفير بيئة إنترنت أكثر أمنا، ورفع مستوى الوعي لدى المستخدمين في مجال حقوقهم والتزاماتهم، والاستفادة من خبرات وتجارب منظمي الاتصالات في مختلف الدول بهدف الحصول على أفضل الممارسات ذات الصلة.

تنظيمات الشبكات غير الأرضية
في سبتمبر 2022م تم إصدار وثائق تنظيمية للشبكات غير الأرضية (NTN)، وتشمل على:

 تنظيمات تقديم خدمات تشغيل الشبكات غير الأرضية (NTN).
 تنظيمات تقديم خدمات الاتصالات عبر الشبكات غير الأرضية (NTN).
 تنظيمات تسجيل محطات الاتصالات الفضائية.

وتهدف هذه الوثائق إلى تسهّيل تبني أحدث التقنيات اللاسلكية، وتمكين الشبكات غير الأرضية وتهيئة بيئة تنظيمية تُحفّز على الاستثمار فيها.

وصلات خارجية
 هيئة الاتصالات: نراقب تطبيقات الاتصالات ولا نتدخل إلا حين تقتضي الحاجة لذلك

مصادر

الاتصالات في السعودية
الرقابة في السعودية
خدمات الاتصالات في السعودية
هيئات تنظيم الاتصالات العربية
هيئات حكومية سعودية
وكالات حكومية في السعودية

هيئة الاتصالات والفضاء والتقنية


Michèle Rivasi (* 9. Februar 1953 in Montélimar, Département Drôme) ist eine französische Politikerin (EELV). Rivasi ist seit 2009 Mitglied des Europäischen Parlamentes, sie wurde 2014 und 2019 wiedergewählt und ist Mitglied der Fraktion Die Grünen/EFA.

Leben
Rivasi studierte Biologie auf Lehramt an der École normale supérieure de Lyon. Nach ihrem Studium war sie als Lehrerin an der École normale supérieure Lettres et sciences humaines tätig. 1986 gründete sie nach der Katastrophe von Tschernobyl die Commission de recherche et d'information indépendantes sur la radioactivité.

Von 1997 bis 2002 war sie Mitglied der französischen Nationalversammlung. Von September 2003 bis November 2004 war sie die Direktorin von Greenpeace in Frankreich. Seit Juli 2009 ist Rivasi Abgeordnete im Europäischen Parlament. Sie wurde bei der Europawahl 2014 wiedergewählt.

2019 nominierte ihre Partei sie erneut für die Wahlliste der Europawahl 2019: Sie erhielt Platz 2 auf der gemeinsamen Liste von Europe Écologie-Les Verts (EELV), Alliance écologiste indépendante (AEI) sowie Régions et peuples solidaires. Die gemeinsame Liste gewann 13,43 Prozent und damit 13 der 79 französischen Mandate, darunter auch Rivasi. Sie trat erneut der Fraktion der Grünen/EFA bei. Für ihre Fraktion ist sie in der neunten Legislaturperiode Mitglied im Entwicklungsausschuss und Haushaltskontrollausschuss. Des Weiteren ist sie stellvertretendes Mitglied im Ausschuss für Umweltfragen, öffentliche Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit.

Gemäß eigenen Angaben beschreibt sie sich als "Impfskeptikerin" und als starke Verfechterin der Alternativmedizin und Homöopathie.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Webseite von Michèle Rivasi

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied der Nationalversammlung (Frankreich)
Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für Frankreich
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Person (Greenpeace)
EELV-Mitglied
Schullehrer
Franzose
Geboren 1953
Frau

Michèle Rivasi


Die Territorialprälatur Santo Cristo de Esquipulas () ist in Guatemala gelegene römisch-katholische Territorialprälatur mit Sitz in Esquipulas. Sie umfasst die Municipio Esquipulas im guatemaltekischen Departamento Chiquimula.

Geschichte
Papst Pius XII. gründete sie am 21. November 1957 durch mit der Apostolischen Konstitution Cum Christus aus Gebietsabtretungen des Bistums Zacapa. Ursprünglich teilte sie sich mit dem Erzbistum Guatemala aeque principaliter den Bischof.

Aufgrund der Bulle Qui pro munere Johannes Pauls II. teilt sie sich seit dem 24. Juni 1986 mit dem Bistum Zacapa aeque principaliter den Bischof.

Prälaten von Santo Cristo de Esquipulas
 Mariano Rossell y Arellano (1956–1964)
 Mario Casariego y Acevedo CRS (1964–1983)
 Próspero Penados del Barrio (1983–1986)

Seit 1986 ist die Eigenständigkeit der Territorialprälatur aufgehoben. Ordinarien sind seither die Bischöfe des Bistums Zacapa y Santo Cristo de Esquipulas.

Siehe auch
 Liste der römisch-katholischen Diözesen

Weblinks

Santo Cristo de Esquipulas
Santo Cristo de Esquipulas
Departamento Chiquimula
Gegründet 1957


Kyle Eugene McSlarrow (born June 29, 1960) is a former Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Energy and Congressional candidate. From 2011 to 2017, he served as the head of Comcast's lobbying and government-affairs office, which included NBCUniversal lawyers and lobbyists. In 2017, he became Comcast's Senior Vice President, Customer Experience Operations.

Background
McSlarrow, a native of Virginia, earned degrees from Cornell University and the University of Virginia School of Law. He and his wife, Alison, live in Falls Church, Virginia.

Before moving to Capitol Hill in 1995, McSlarrow was an associate with the Washington, D.C. law firm of Hunton & Williams. As a captain in the U.S. Army, McSlarrow served in the Secretary of the Army's office as Assistant to the General Counsel of the Army from 1985 to 1989.

Political campaigns
Before joining the Department of Energy, McSlarrow served as Vice President of Political and Government Affairs for Grassroots.com, a privately held Internet company which marketed web-based political tools and services. McSlarrow has held numerous positions in the political arena. From 1998 to 2000, he was the national chairman of the Dan Quayle for president campaign. In 1997, he joined the office of the late U.S. Senator Paul Coverdell as Chief of Staff. McSlarrow also served as Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief Counsel for Senate Majority Leaders Bob Dole and Trent Lott between 1995 and 1997. McSlarrow was the Republican nominee in Virginia's 8th Congressional District in 1992 and 1994, losing both times to incumbent Jim Moran. :p

! Year
!
! Subject
! Party
! Votes
! %
!
! Opponent
! Party
! Votes
! %
!
! Opponent
! Party
! Votes
! %
!
|-
|1992
||
| |Kyle McSlarrow
| |Republican
| |102,717
| |41.6
|
| |Jim Moran
| |Democratic
| |138,542
| |56.1
|
| |Alvin O. West
| |Independent
| |5,601
| |2.3
|colspan=5|
|-
|1994
||
| |Kyle McSlarrow
| |Republican
| |79,568
| |39.3
|
| |Jim Moran
| |Democratic
| |120,281
| |59.3
|
| |R. Ward Edmonds
| |Independent
| |1,858
| |0.9
|colspan=5|

US Department of Energy

McSlarrow became Chief of Staff of the Department of Energy, serving during the George W. Bush administration.

On November 27, 2002, McSlarrow was appointed United States Deputy Secretary of Energy.
He also was co-chairman of the U.S.-Russia Energy Working Group, a program started by George W. Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin. He resigned in January 2005, leaving in early February.

Cable lobbyist
McSlarrow was president & CEO of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association, a trade group representing the U.S. cable industry, from March 2005 to 2011. In 2010, he earned $2.8 million. According to Politico, this salary made him the best-paid tech lobbyist in the nation. He departed the role in 2011 and was succeeded by Michael K. Powell.

Comcast
McSlarrow headed Comcast's lobbying and government-affairs office from April 2011 to 2017. In 2017, he became the company's Senior Vice President, Customer Experience Operations. He retired in 2023.

References

External links

George W. Bush administration personnel
Cornell University alumni
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Living people
1960 births
Virginia Republicans
United States Department of Energy officials
People associated with Hunton Andrews Kurth
Politicians from Falls Church, Virginia
Virginia lawyers
American chief operating officers
Comcast people
Political chiefs of staff
United States congressional aides

Kyle E. McSlarrow


لغة
 من يجاهد في سبيل الله
 مجاهد اسم علم
 مجاهد (مصطلح)

أشخاص
 مجاهد بن جبر
 ، مجاهد أثناء ثورة التحرير الجزائرية.
 محمد مجاهد، طبيب وسياسي مغربي.

إعلام
 المجاهد، جريدة جزائرية صدرت خلال ثورة التحرير الجزائرية من 1956م إلى 1962م باللغتين العربية و الفرنسية.
 المجاهد، جريدة جزائرية تصدر منذ 1965 باللغة الفرنسية (El Moudjahid).

أخرى
 يوم المجاهد، احتفال في 20 أوت من كل عام في الجزائر.
 المتحف الوطني للمجاهد، متحف في الجزائر.
سيدي مجاهد، بلدية في ولاية تلمسان ضمن الجزائر.

انظر أيضا
 جهاد (توضيح)
 أبو جهاد (توضيح)

مجاهد (توضيح)


Brunei deltog første gang ved olympiske lege under sommer-OL 1988 i Seoul, da landet sendte en funktionær. Under Sommer-OL 1996 i Atlanta deltog for første gang en sportsudøver fra Brunei.

Sportsudøvere fra Brunei har deltaget i hidtil fem sommerlege, men har aldrig deltaget i vinterlegene. Nationen har aldrig vundet nogen olympiske medaljer.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Bruneis OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Brunei ved sommer-OL
OL

Brunei ved OL


Yolçatı, Bingöl - Bingöl ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Yolçatı, Adilcevaz - Bitlis ili Adilcevaz ilçesine bağlı köy
 Yolçatı, Bolu - Bolu ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Yolçatı, Nilüfer - Bursa ili Nilüfer ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Yolçatı, Acıpayam - Denizli ili Acıpayam ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Yolçatı, Lice - Diyarbakır ili Lice ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Yolçatı, Elâzığ - Elâzığ ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Yolçatı, Nizip - Gaziantep ili Nizip ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Yolçatı, Kelkit - Gümüşhane ili Kelkit ilçesine bağlı köy
 Yolçatı, Altıntaş - Kütahya ili Altıntaş ilçesine bağlı köy

Yolçatı


O Grande Estádio de Agadir () é um estádio multiuso localizado na cidade de Agadir, no Marrocos. Oficialmente inaugurado em , o estádio foi uma das sedes oficiais da Copa do Mundo de Clubes da FIFA de 2013 e também do Campeonato das Nações Africanas de 2018, ambos realizados no país. Além disso, é a casa onde o Hassania Agadir manda seus jogos oficiais por competições nacionais e continentais. Além disso, a Seleção Marroquina de Futebol também manda esporadicamente partidas amistosas e oficiais no estádio. Sua capacidade máxima é de  espectadores.

O estádio integrou a lista dos estádios de futebol aptos a sediar a Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2026, porém a candidatura de Marrocos para sediar o torneio acabou derrotada pela candidatura tríplice composta por Estados Unidos, México e Canadá na votação ocorrida em .

Agadir
Agadir
Agadir
Estádio

Grande Estádio de Agadir


Annie Cornet est une professeure de l'université de Liège depuis 1999. Elle s'est spécialisée dans les études de genre, ainsi que dans les problématique de la diversité. À ce titre, elle supervise les problèmes liés au management interculturel, à l'homophobie, aux personnes handicapées au travail, et à la Gestion des différences d'âges au travail.

Profession
Annie Cornet donne cours de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH), elle enseigne également la théorie des organisations, la gestion du changement en société, les aspects sociaux de l'entreprise et de l'économie, la méthodologie pour les mémoires de Licences et de Masters, ainsi que la méthodologie qualitative.

Fonctions et  mandats
En plus de sa charge d'enseignante, Cornet est également représentante académique à la commission Femmes et développement (ARGO) - coopération internationale ainsi que membre de ARES - groupe de travail genre, et le groupe Femmes et Sciences, FERULiège.

Principales Publications

Livres
 La gestion de la diversité dans les entreprises et les organisations - manuel à destinationdes enmployeurs. Coécrit avec Philippe Warland. Première édition: 2000. Seconde édition :2010
 GRH et gestion de la diversité. Coécrit avec Philippe Warland. 2008.
 Genres et GRH, les défis de l'égalité hommes-femmes. Coécrit avec Jacqueline Laufer et Sophia Belghiti-Mahut. 2008.

Chapitres dans des  ouvrages collectifs
 Cultures and management in Belgium: "trade unions and social concertation ", dans Cross- Cultural Management accross the Wold. 2013.
 Le diagnostic: un étape importante et complexe, dans encyclopédie de la diversité. 2012.
 Les métiers en pénurie: un contexte favorable à une gestion des âges.

Liens externes

 Publications and communications of Annie Cornet
 Commission Femmes et développement
 ARES

Références

Professeur à l'université de Liège
Gestion des ressources humaines en Belgique
Date de naissance non renseignée (XXe siècle)
Lieu de naissance inconnu

Annie Cornet


La Misión de las Naciones Unidas en Bosnia y Herzegovina (también conocida como UNMIBH por sus siglas en inglés) fue una operación multinacional de mantenimiento de la paz desplegada en Bosnia y Herzegovina entre 1995 y 2002. La UNMIBH se creó con la aprobación de la resolución 1035 del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas del 21 de diciembre de 1995. En dicha resolución el Consejo de seguridad acordó crear la Fuerza Internacional de Policía de las Naciones Unidas (IPTF) y una oficina civil de las Naciones Unidas en Bosnia y Herzegovina que conformarían la Misión de las Naciones Unidas en Bosnia y Herzegovina.

La necesidad de crear una fuerza internacional de policía en Bosnia y Herzegovina fue consecuencia en uno de sus puntos de los Acuerdos de Dayton firmados por la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina, la República de Croacia y la República Federal de Yugoslavia. La UNMIBH, conformada principalmente por efectivos de la IPTF, tuvo por objetivo principal ayudar al restablecimiento de un Estado de derecho en Bosnia y Herzegovina. Para ello trabajó específicamente en la reforma de la policía local verificando su actuación, la evaluación del sistema judicial del país y otros aspectos en relación con el mantenimiento de la ley y el orden.

Unidades de la UNMIBH

La Misión de las Naciones Unidas en Bosnia y Herzegovina integró bajo su mandato varias unidades con funciones diversas:

La Fuerza Internacional de Policía de las Naciones Unidas (IPTF). La mayor por número de efectivos. Centrada en la reforma de la policía local, para convertirla en una fuerza moderna y multiétnica (contrarrestando la tendencia serbofóbica), representativa de la realidad del país, que se ajustara en tamaño y composición a los acuerdos de paz y que fuera capaz de hacer frente al reto del retorno de los refugiados. La IPTF desempeñó labores de reclutamiento y adiestramiento de nuevos policías.

La Oficina de Derechos Humanos en Bosnia y Herzegovina. Se encargó de investigar posibles casos de violaciones de los Derechos Humanos en el pasado a manos de efectivos de la policía. También tuvo la labor de verificar que el personal policial bajo tutela de la IPTF ejercía su labor sin excesos.

Programa de Evaluación de Sistemas Judiciales (JSAP). Operativa a partir de 1998 por lo dispuesto en la resolución 1184 del Consejo de Seguridad. Compuesto por juristas internacionales y locales, se encargó de supervisar y evaluar el funcionamiento del sistema judicial bosnioherzegovino.

Dependencia de Asuntos Civiles. Encargada proporcionar consejos y asesoría política a las otras unidades de la UNMIBH.

Oficina de Relaciones Públicas.

La dirección de la misión recayó en la figura del Representante Especial del Secretario General y el Coordinador de las Operaciones de las Naciones Unidas en Bosnia y Herzegovina. A su cargo se encontraba también el comisionado de la IPTF.

Despliegue

La UNMIBH estuvo desplegada en Bosnia y Herzegovina desde diciembre de 1995 hasta diciembre de 2002, siendo su mandato prorrogado y ampliado en sus términos en múltiples ocasiones por decisión del Consejo de Seguridad. La sede de la misión estuvo emplazada en Sarajevo. El contingente máximo autorizado fue de 2057 efectivos de policía civil y 5 oficiales de enlace oficial. En los últimos meses de la misión la cifra real fue de 1414 policías apoyados por 395 civiles internacionales y 1174 civiles locales como empleados de las Naciones Unidas. En sus siete años de operación la UNMIBH sufrió 17 bajas (1 militar, 14 policías y 2 civiles locales).

Véase también
Guerra de Bosnia.

Referencias

Misiones de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas
Relaciones internacionales de Bosnia y Herzegovina


Mauá da Serra es un municipio brasilero del estado del Paraná.

Historia

La localidad de Mauá da Serra fue elevada a la categoría de distrito por la Ley n.º 8416 del 21 de noviembre de 1986 y a nivel de municipio a través de la Ley Estatal n.º 9.272, del 24 de mayo de 1990 cuando fue desmembrada de Marilândia del Sur. La región proviene del inicio de los años 50, de una época en que el norte paranaense fue colonizado siguiendo la plantación de café a gran escala. Mauá da Serra fue una ciudad diseñada con calles, avenidas, veredas amplias y carreteras dentro del espacio urbano, pues el proyecto era parte de la estrategia colonizadora desarrollada de aquella época.

Geografía

El área total del municipio según el IPARDES – Instituto Paranaense de Desarrollo Económico y Social es, actualmente, de 109 km², con un área urbana de 5,3 km², el que corresponde al 4,9% del total. El municipio cuenta con una extensa área rural, de 102,18 km², que representan 95,07% del área municipal total. El municipio está distante aproximadamente 315 km de la capital del estado, Curitiba, 406 km del Puerto de Paranaguá y a 90 km del aeropuerto más próximo, localizado en la ciudad de Londrina.

El clima de Mauá da Serra es clasificado como Subtropical Húmedo Mesotérmico sin estación de sequía definida. Los veranos son poco calientes (temperatura media de 22 °C) y los inviernos traen heladas frecuentes en las áreas más altas del municipio (temperatura media inferior a 18 °C).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Confederación Nacional de Municipios

Localidades de Paraná

Mauá da Serra


Visions er det tredje studiealbum fra det danske indie/folk-band Hymns from Nineveh. Albummet blev udgivet den 16. september 2013 og fik gode anmeldelser. Det toppede som nummer 5 på den danske Album Top 40.

Spor
 "I Saw These Things Happening"
 "Everything We See Will Turn To Dust"
 "A Kid On The Beach"
 "I Saw Ashes Where You Once Lay"
 "Angel Falling"
 "Far Away From Eden"
 "The Colors Of The Sea"
 "Sapphire Skies, Rivers Of Rubies"
 "A Hazy Vision"
 "A Brief Glimpse Of Smoke"
 "I Saw The Holy Dove Move"
 "I See These Things Happening"
 "Epilogue: What Does It Mean?"

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Album fra 2013
Hymns From Nineveh-album

Visions


La vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise est le nom de deux sites naturels français :
 la vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise, une zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique des départements de la Corrèze, de la Dordogne et du Lot ;
 la vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise, un site du réseau Natura 2000 du département du Lot.

Vallée de la Dordogne quercynoise


Point Break is a 1991 American crime action film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by W. Peter Iliff.

It stars Patrick Swayze, Keanu Reeves, Lori Petty and Gary Busey. The film's title refers to the surfing term "point break", where a wave breaks as it hits a point of land jutting out from the coastline. The film features Reeves as an undercover FBI agent who is tasked with investigating the identities of a group of bank robbers while he develops a complex relationship with the group's leader (Swayze).

Development of Point Break began in 1986, when Iliff wrote an initial treatment for the film. Bigelow soon developed the script with husband James Cameron, and filming took place four years later. It was shot across the western coast of the continental United States and was officially budgeted at $24 million, before being released for traditional viewing on July 12, 1991.

Point Break opened to a generally positive critical reception and critics praised the relationship between Reeves and Swayze. During its theatrical run, the film grossed over $103.5 million, and has since gained a cult following. Following the film's success, it spawned a remake that was released in 2015.

Plot
Former Ohio State quarterback and rookie FBI agent Johnny Utah assists experienced agent Angelo Pappas in investigating a string of bank robberies by the "Ex-Presidents": a gang of robbers who wear rubber masks of former presidents Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson. Rather than robbing the vault, they only demand the cash the tellers have in their drawers, and are gone within ninety seconds.

Pursuing Pappas's theory that the criminals are surfers, Utah goes undercover to infiltrate the surfing community. He fabricates a personal family tragedy to persuade orphaned surfer and restaurant waitress Tyler to teach him to surf, after she saves him from drowning during his first attempt at surfing. Through her, he meets Bodhi, the charismatic leader of a gang of surfers consisting of Roach, Grommet, and Nathaniel. The group are initially wary of Utah, but accept him when Bodhi recognizes him as a former college football star who quit the sport due to a knee injury. As he masters surfing, Utah finds himself increasingly drawn to the surfers' adrenaline-charged lifestyle, Bodhi's philosophies, and Tyler. Following a clue retrieved by analyzing toxins found in the hair of one of the bank robbers, Utah and Pappas lead an FBI raid on another gang of surfers, resulting in the deaths of two of them. The raid inadvertently ruins a DEA undercover operation, as those surfers were wanted for separate charges regarding drug dealing, but they are determined not to be the Ex-Presidents.

Watching Bodhi's group surfing, Utah begins to suspect that they are the Ex-Presidents, noting how close a group they are and the way one of them moons other surfers in the same manner one of the robbers does when leaving a bank. Utah and Pappas stake out a bank and the Ex-Presidents appear. While wearing a Reagan mask, Bodhi leads Utah on a foot chase through the neighborhood, which ends when Utah's old knee injury flares up after jumping into a flood control channel. Despite still having a clear shot, the injured Utah is unwilling to kill Bodhi and allows him to escape, repeatedly shooting into the air instead.

At a campfire that night, it is confirmed that Bodhi and his gang are the Ex-Presidents. Tyler discovers Utah's FBI badge and angrily terminates their relationship after briefly holding him at gunpoint. Shortly afterwards, Bodhi coerces Utah into skydiving with the group. After the jump, Bodhi reveals that he knows Utah is an FBI agent and has arranged for his friend Rosie, a non-surfing thug, to hold Tyler hostage. Utah is blackmailed into participating in the Ex-Presidents' last bank robbery of the summer. As a result, Grommet is killed, along with an off-duty cop and a bank guard who attempt to foil the robbery. Outraged by Grommet's death, Bodhi knocks out Utah and leaves the scene.

Defying their superior, who arrests Utah for the armed robbery, Pappas and Utah head to the airport where Bodhi, Roach, and Nathaniel are about to leave for Mexico. During a shootout, Pappas and Nathaniel are killed and Roach is seriously wounded. With Roach aboard, Bodhi forces Utah onto the plane at gunpoint. Once airborne and over their intended drop zone, Bodhi and Roach put on their parachutes and jump from the plane, leaving Utah to take the blame. With no other parachutes available, Utah jumps from the plane with Bodhi's gun and intercepts him. After landing safely, Utah's knee gives out again, allowing Bodhi to escape Utah's grasp. Bodhi meets with Rosie and releases Tyler. Roach dies of his wounds, and Bodhi and Rosie leave with the money, with Tyler and Johnny watching on.

Nine months later, Utah tracks Bodhi to Bells Beach in Victoria, Australia where a record storm is producing lethal waves. This is an event Bodhi had talked about experiencing, calling it the "50-Year Storm". Utah attempts to bring Bodhi into custody, but Bodhi refuses. During a brawl in the surf, Utah manages to handcuff himself to Bodhi, who begs Utah to release him so he can ride the once-in-a-lifetime wave. Knowing Bodhi will not come back alive, Utah releases him, bids him farewell, and sees him step towards the wave. While the authorities watch Bodhi surf to his death, Utah walks away, throwing his FBI badge into the ocean.

Cast

Production
The film came close to production in 1986, with Matthew Broderick, Johnny Depp, Val Kilmer, and Charlie Sheen all being considered to play the Johnny Utah character, with Ridley Scott directing. However production fell through.

Four years later, after acquiring the screenplay, the producers of Point Break began looking for a director. At the time, executive producer James Cameron was married to director Kathryn Bigelow, who had just completed Blue Steel and was looking for her next project. Only W. Peter Iliff is credited for the screenplay, but Cameron has said that he did a considerable amount of writing with Bigelow for the final film, helping to establish a better plot flow. Cameron was also instrumental in the creation of the iconic Ex-Presidents.

Point Break was originally called Johnny Utah when Keanu Reeves was cast in the title role. The studio felt that this title said very little about surfing and by the time Patrick Swayze was cast, the film had been renamed Riders on the Storm after the famous song by The Doors. However, Jim Morrison's lyrics had nothing to do with the film and so that title was also rejected. It was not until halfway through filming that Point Break became the film's title because of its relevance to surfing.

Reeves liked the name of his character, as it reminded him of star athletes like Johnny Unitas and Joe Montana. He described his character as "a total control freak and the ocean beats him up and challenges him. After a while everything becomes a game. He becomes as amoral as any criminal. He loses the difference between right and wrong." Swayze felt that Bodhi was a lot like him and that they both shared "that wild-man edge."

Two months before filming, Lori Petty, Reeves and Swayze trained with former world-class professional surfer Dennis Jarvis on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Jarvis remembers, "Patrick said he'd been on a board a couple of times, Keanu definitely had not surfed before, and Lori had never been in the ocean in her life." Shooting the surfing sequences proved to be challenging for all three actors, with Swayze cracking four of his ribs. For many of the surfing scenes, he refused to use a stunt double as he never had one for fight scenes or car chases. He also did the skydiving scenes himself and the film's aerial jump instructor Jim Wallace found that he was a natural and took to it right away. Swayze ended up making 55 jumps for the film. Swayze actually based aspects of his character after one of his stunt doubles, Darrick Doerner, a top big wave surfer. After learning to surf for the film, Reeves took a liking to it and took it up as a hobby.

Parts of the film were shot at Lake Powell in Utah, Wheeler and Ecola State Park in Oregon, and Malibu, Manhattan Beach, Santa Monica, Venice, and Fox Hills Mall in California. Although the final scene of the film is set at Bells Beach, Victoria, Australia, the scene was filmed at Indian Beach in Ecola State Park, located in Cannon Beach, Oregon.

Soundtrack

 Ratt – "Nobody Rides for Free"
 Concrete Blonde – "I Want You"
 Jimmy Buffett – "Volcano"
 The Jimi Hendrix Experience – "If 6 Was 9"
 School of Fish – "Rose Colored Glasses"
 Public Image Ltd. – "Criminal"
 Shark Island – "My City"
 Love – "7 and 7 Is"
 Loudhouse – "Smoke on the Water"
 Westworld – "So Long Cowboy"
 Little Caesar – "Down to the Wire"
 L.A. Guns – "Over the Edge"
 Liquid Jesus– "7 and 7 Is"
 Wire Train – "I Will Not Fall"
 Ice-T – "O.G. Original Gangster"
 Mark Isham – "Foot Chase"
 Sheryl Crow – "Hundreds of Tears"

Score album
On February 7, 2008, a score release for Point Break was released by La-La Land Records, featuring composer Mark Isham's score. This edition was limited to 2,000 units and features 65 minutes of score with liner notes by Dan Goldwasser that incorporate comments from both Bigelow and Isham. It is now out of print.

Reception

Box office
Point Break was released on July 12, 1991, in 1,615 theaters, grossing $8.5 million on its opening weekend, behind Terminator 2: Judgment Days (directed by Bigelow's then husband, James Cameron) second weekend and the openings of the re-issue of 101 Dalmatians and Boyz n the Hood. With a budget of $24 million, the film went on to make $43.2 million in North America and $40.3 million internationally for a worldwide total of $103.5 million.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 70% based on 73 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Absurd, over-the-top, and often wildly entertaining, Point Break is here to show you that the human spirit is still alive." Metacritic reports a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote "Bigelow is an interesting director for this material. She is interested in the ways her characters live dangerously for philosophical reasons. They aren't men of action, but men of thought who choose action as a way of expressing their beliefs." In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin praised Reeves' performance: "A lot of the snap comes, surprisingly, from Mr. Reeves, who displays considerable discipline and range. He moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles." Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "C+" rating and Owen Gleiberman wrote "Point Break makes those of us who don't spend our lives searching for the ultimate physical rush feel like second-class citizens. The film turns reckless athletic valor into a new form of aristocracy."

In his review for The Washington Post, Hal Hinson wrote "A lot of what Bigelow puts up on the screen bypasses the brain altogether, plugging directly into our viscera, our gut. The surfing scenes in particular are majestically powerful, even awe-inspiring. Bigelow's picture is a feast for the eyes, but we watch movies with more than our eyes. She seduces us, then asks us to be bimbos." Rolling Stone magazine's Peter Travers wrote, "Bigelow can't keep the film from drowning in a sea of surf-speak. But without her, Point Break would be no more than an excuse to ogle pretty boys in wet suits."

USA Today gave the film two out of four stars and Mike Clark wrote "Its purely visceral material (surf sounds, skydiving stunt work, a tough indoor shootout midway through) are first-rate. As for the tangibles that matter even more (script, acting, directorial control, credible relationships between characters), Break defies belief. Dramatically, it rivals the lowest surf yet this year." Time magazine's Richard Corliss wrote, "So how do you rate a stunningly made film whose plot buys so blithely into macho mysticism that it threatens to turn into an endless bummer? Looks 10, Brains 3."

Critics have commented on the central 'buddy' relationship of Bodhi and Johnny, and on the unusually equal dynamic in the romantic relationship of Tyler and Johnny (which Bigelow changed Peter Iliff's original script to create); Tyler is a "muscled, brash waitress with an androgynous name (Tyler) and physical features", and Johnny's "feminine edges nudge in nicely to her masculine ones. In nearly every scene they share, they are portrayed by the camera as equals."

In 2006, a special edition was released on DVD (In DVD was released on May 22, 2001). Entertainment Weekly gave it a "B" rating and wrote, "The making-of docs (at their best discussing Swayze's extracurricular skydiving—that really is him doing the Adios, amigo fall) will leave you hanging."

Legacy
The Daily Telegraph wrote that the film "certainly qualified as a cult favourite." Furthermore, Rolling Stone called Point Break "the greatest female-gaze action movie ever," citing the bodily condition of Reeves and Swayze, calling it a "wet Western."

The 2001 film The Fast and the Furious was developed by Rob Cohen and Neal H. Moritz as a "re-imagined" version of Point Break following Paul Walker as an undercover cop tasked with infiltrating the world of underground street racers instead of surfers , officially inspired by the 1998 Vibe magazine article "Racer X" by Ken Li.

Point Break was listed in the VH1 series I Love the 90s on the episode "1991". Many celebrities, including Dominic Monaghan, Mo Rocca, Michael Ian Black, Hal Sparks, and Chris Pontius, commented about the film and why it deserved to be included in the episode. Entertainment Weekly ranked Point Break as having one of the "10 Best Surfing Scenes" in cinema.

The film inspired a piece of cult theater, Point Break Live!, in which the role of Johnny Utah is played by an audience member chosen by popular acclamation after a brief audition. The new "Keanu" reads all of his lines from cue-cards for the duration of the show, "to capture the rawness of a Keanu Reeves performance even from those who generally think themselves incapable of acting."

Point Break was referenced in Hot Fuzz, where the scene of Utah emptying his magazine into the sky in frustration is watched by the lead characters and later re-enacted by Nick Frost's character.

Seattle-based Georgetown Brewing Company brews a "Bodhizafa" IPA, a "Johnny Utah" pale ale, and a "War Child" IPA.

Between 2016 and 2020, indie musician, JAWNY, went by the stage name "Johnny Utah" in reference to the Point Break character.

In The Avengers, Tony Stark dismissively calls Thor "Point Break," presumably a comparison of Thor's hair to Swayze's in that film. In Thor: Ragnarok, after several attempts Thor correctly guesses that "Point Break" is the activation code that Stark had set up for him in the Quinjet.

Alcon Entertainment and Warner Bros. released a remake of the film in 2015 titled Point Break, which received mostly negative reviews. James LeGros and BoJesse Christopher, two of the actors who played Ex-Presidents in the 1991 film, were cast as FBI directors.

See also
 Heist film
 List of cult films

References

External links

1990s American films
1990s buddy cop films
1990s English-language films
1990s heist films
1991 action thriller films
1991 films
American action adventure films
American action thriller films
American buddy cop films
American heist films
American surfing films
Cultural depictions of Jimmy Carter
Cultural depictions of Lyndon B. Johnson
Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon
Cultural depictions of Ronald Reagan
Films about bank robbery
Films about the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Films directed by Kathryn Bigelow
Films scored by Mark Isham
Films set in Australia
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in Mexico
Films set on beaches
Films shot in Hawaii
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Oregon
Films shot in Utah
Largo Entertainment films
Skydiving in fiction

Point Break


الدب الأكبر  هو كوكب خارج المجموعة الشمسية يدور حول النجم الدب الأكبر في كوكبة الدب الأكبر كل 269.3 يوما. يعتقد أنه كوكب غازي نظرا لكبر كتلته التي تعادل 2257 من كتلة الأرض، أو 7.1 من كتلة المشتري. في حين يعتقد أن قطره يقارب 37000 كيلومترا. يعتقد أن معدل درجة الحرارة على سطح 4 الدب الأكبر يصل إلى 47 درجة مئوية. كما طرحت إمكانية تواجد الماء السائل على أقماره إن وجدت. يبلغ قطر مدار الكوكب 0.87 وحدة فلكية. اكتشف الكوكب في 28 مارس 2007.

الروابط الخارجية

كوكب الدب الأكبر 4 ب

مراجع

أجرام باير
أجرام فهرس هنري درابر
أجرام هيباركوس
أجسام فلامستيد
عمالقة نوع-K
فهرس النجوم الساطعة
كواكب خارج المجموعة الشمسية
كواكب خارج المجموعة الشمسية اكتشفت في 2007
كواكب خارج المجموعة الشمسية مكتشفة بواسطة السرعة الشعاعية
كواكب عملاقة
كوكبة الدب الأكبر
مسح بون الفلكي
نجوم بأسماء خاصة

4 الدب الأكبر b


Tandia steht für:

 ein Dorf auf der Wandammenhalbinsel, Westneuguinea, siehe Tandia (Dorf)

Tandia ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Ibrahima Tandia (* 1993), französischer Fußballspieler
 Siga Tandia (* 1987), französische Fußballspielerin
 Souleymane Tandia (* 1987), senegalesischer Fußballspieler

Tandia


Crkva Gospe od Zdravlja, rimokatolička crkva u mjestu Jelsi, otok Hvar. Zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis
Crkva je sagrađena 1535. godine kao zavjetna crkva u tijeku velike epidemije kolere. Nadograđivana je dva puta tijekom povijesti a temeljitu obnovu doživjela je 1863. godine kada se grade zapadna lađa i zvonik, te prilaz crkvi čime svetište dobiva svoj današnji izgled. Jednobrodna longitudinalna građevina s kvadratnom apsidom i zvonikom na južnoj strani, široka 8 a duga 23,5 metara. Crkva Gospe od Zdravlja lijep je primjer historicističke arhitekture organski spojene s ranijim korpusom i impozantnim mjestom na kojem je sagrađena. Zavjetna crkva građena u doba kolere i mjesto gdje se pod Bogorodičinu zaštitu stoljećima utječu jelšanski pomorci jedinstveno je kulturno dobro.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6631 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Gospa od Zdravlja

Crkva Gospe od Zdravlja u Jelsi


La Batalla de Szczekociny (en polaco, Bitwa pod Szczekocinami) se libró el 6 de junio de 1794, cerca del pueblo de Szczekociny, entre Polonia y las fuerzas combinadas del Imperio Ruso y el Reino de Prusia. Los polacos fueron conducidos por Tadeusz Kosciuszko, y los rusos y prusianos por Fiódor Denísov y Federico Guillermo.

Las fuerzas ruso-prusiana fueron las victoriosas. El héroe campesino polaco Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki murió de las heridas que sufrió durante esta batalla.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Andrzej Grabski, Jan Wimmer y otros, Zarys dziejów wojskowości polskiej do roku 1864. Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. Warszawa 1966.
 Marian Kukiel: Zarys historii wojskowości w Polsce. Londres: Puls, 1993. ISBN 0907587992.
 Andrzej Zahorski, Wypisy źródłowe do historii polskiej sztuki wojennej. Polska sztuka wojenna w okresie powstania kościuszkowskiego, Zeszyt dziesiąty, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, Warszawa 1960.
 Bolesław Twardowski: Wojsko Polskie Kościuszki w roku 1794. Poznań: Księgarnia Katolicka, 1894.
 Mała Encyklopedia Wojskowa, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, Warszawa 1967, Wydanie I, Tom II.
 Kronika powstań polskich 1794-1944, Wydawnictwo Kronika, Warszawa, ISBN 83-86079-02-9, s. 42.

Batallas de Polonia del siglo XVIII
Batallas del Imperio ruso
Batallas de Prusia
Batallas de la Insurrección de Kościuszko
Polonia en 1794

Batalla de Szczekociny


Jonathan Coleman (n. Allentown, Pensilvania, 1951) es un escritor de no ficción radicado en Charlottesville (Virginia). Ha enseñado la cátedra de escritura literaria en no ficción en la Universidad de Virginia desde 1986 a 1993, y escrito diversas obras aclamadas por la crítica.

Entre sus obras se pueden mencionar a Exit the Rainmaker, la biografía de Jay Carsey, un presidente escolar que abrúptamente abandona su matrimonio y carrera desapareciendo; At Mother's Request:  A True Story of Money, Murder, and Betrayal (y que fue nominada a un Premio Edgar Allan Poe por parte de Mystery Writers of America y que fue llevado a la televisión en una miniserie para la CBS); y Long Way to Go:  Black and White in America.

Referencias

Escritores de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Allentown (Pensilvania)

Jonathan Coleman (escritor)


Aşağıda, Avrupalılar'ın Avrupa topraklarının dışına çıktıklarında yaptıkları Coğrafi keşifler'in bir listesini bulabilirsiniz..

 Portekiz coğrafi keşifleri
 Çin coğrafi keşifleri

Kaynakça
 Meydan Larousse Ansiklopedisi (c. 11, s. 196)

Keşif

Coğrafi keşifler listesi


Cyprian Kamil Norwid (;  – 23 May 1883) was a Polish poet, dramatist, painter, sculptor, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the four most important Polish Romantic poets, though scholars still debate whether he is more aptly described as a late romantic or an early modernist.

Norwid led a tragic, often poverty-stricken life. He experienced mounting health problems, unrequited love, harsh critical reviews, and increasing social isolation. For most of his life he lived abroad, having left Polish lands in his twenties. Having briefly travelled across Western Europe in his youth, and briefly travelling to United States, where he worked as an illustrator, he lived chiefly in Paris, where he eventually died.

Considered a "rising star" in his youth, Norwid's original, nonconformist style was not appreciated in his lifetime. Partly due to this, he was excluded from high society. His work was rediscovered and appreciated only after his death by the Young Poland movement of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Today his most influential work is considered to be , a vast anthology of verse he finished in 1866. Much of his work, including Vade-mecum, remained unpublished during his lifetime.

Life

Youth
Cyprian Norwid was born on 24 September 1821 into a family of Polish–Lithuanian minor nobility bearing the Topór coat of arms, in the Masovian village of Laskowo-Głuchy near Warsaw, His father was a minor government official. One of his maternal ancestors was the Polish King John III Sobieski.

Cyprian Norwid and his brother  were orphaned early. His mother died when Cyprian was four years old, and in 1835 his father also died: Norwid was 14 at the time. For most of their childhood, Cyprian and his brother were educated at Warsaw schools.  In 1836 Norwid interrupted his schooling (not having completed the fifth grade) and entered a private school of painting, studying under Aleksander Kokular and . His incomplete formal education forced him to become an autodidact, and eventually he learned a dozen languages.

Norwid's first foray into the literary sphere occurred in the periodical Piśmiennictwo Krajowe, which published his first poem, Mój ostatni sonet (My Last Sonnet), in 1840s issue 8. That year he published ten poems and one short story. His early poems were well received by critics and he became a welcome guest at the literary salons of Warsaw; his personality of that time is described as that of a "dandy" and a "rising star" of the young generation of Polish poets. In 1841-1842 he travelled through the Congress Poland with .

Europe

In 1842 Norwid received inheritance funds as well as a private scholarship to study sculpture and left Poland, never to return. First he went to Dresden in Germany. He later also visited Venice and Florence in Italy; in Florence he signed up for a course in sculpture at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze. His visit to Verona resulted in a well-received poem  (In Verona) published several years later. After he settled in Rome in 1844, where for several years he became a regular at Caffè Greco, his fiancée Kamila broke off their engagement. Later he met Maria Kalergis, née Nesselrode; they became acquaintances, but his courtship of her, and later, of her lady-in-waiting, Maria Trebicka, ended in failure. The poet then travelled to Berlin, where he participated in university lectures and meetings with  local Polonia. It was a time when Norwid made many new social, artistic and political contacts. At that time he also lost his Russian passport, and after he refused to join the Russian diplomatic service, the Russian authorities confiscated his estate. He was also arrested for trying to cross back to Russia without his passport, and his short stay in Berlin prison resulted in partial deafness. After being forced to leave Prussia in 1846, Norwid went to Brussels. During the European Revolutions of 1848, he stayed in Rome, where he met fellow Polish intellectuals Adam Mickiewicz and Zygmunt Krasiński.

During 1849–1852, Norwid lived in Paris, where he met fellow Poles Frédéric Chopin and Juliusz Słowacki, as well as other emigree artists such as Russians Ivan Turgenev and Alexander Herzen, and other intellectuals such as Jules Michelet (many at Emma Herwegh's salon). Financial hardship, unrequited love, political misunderstandings, and a negative critical reception of his works put Norwid in a dire situation. He lived in poverty, sometimes forced to work as a simple manual laborer. He also suffered from progressive blindness and deafness, but still managed to publish some content in the Polish-language Parisian publication Goniec polski and similar venues. 1849 saw several of his poems published, those included among others his  (Social Song). Some of his other notable works from that period include the drama  and the philosophical poem-treaty about the nature of art, , both published in 1851. Promethidion, a long treatise on aesthetics in verse, has been called "the first important piece of Norwid's writing". It was, however, not well received by contemporary critics. That year also saw him finishing the manuscripts for the dramas  and  and the poem Bema pamięci żałobny rapsod (A Funeral Rhapsody in Memory of General Bem).

United States
Norwid decided to emigrate to the United States in the Fall of 1852, receiving some sponsorship from Wladysław Zamoyski, a Polish nobleman and philanthropist. On 11 February 1853, after a harrowing journey during which, he arrived in New York City aboard the Margaret Evans, and he held a number of odd jobs there, including at a graphics firm. He was involved in the creation of the memorial album of the Crystal Palace Exhibition and the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations. By autumn, he learned about the outbreak of the Crimean War. This, as well as his disappointment with America, which he felt lacked "history", made him consider a return to Europe, and he wrote to Mickiewicz and Herzen, asking for their assistance.

Back in Paris
During April 1854, Norwid returned to Europe with Prince . He lived in England and with Krasiński's help he was finally able to return to Paris by December that year. Over the next few years Norwid was able to publish several works, such as the poem and  (Quidam. A Story, 1857) and stories collected in  (Black Flowers) and  (White Flowers), published in  in 1856–1857. He gave a well-received series of six lectures on Juliusz Słowacki in 1860, published the next year. 1862 saw the publication of some of his poems in an anthology  Poezje (Poems) at Brockhaus in Leipzig. He took a very keen interest in the outbreak of the 1863 January Uprising (a Polish–Lithuanian revolt against the Russian Empire). Although he could not participate personally due to his poor health, Norwid hoped to personally influence the outcome of the event by establishing a newspaper or magazine; that project however did not come to fruition. His 1865  (Chopin's Piano) is seen as one of his works reacting to the January Uprising. The poem's theme is the Russian troops' 1863 defenestration of Chopin's piano from the music school Norwid attended in his youth.

Norwid continued writing, but most of his work met with little recognition. He grew to accept this, and even wrote in one his works that "the sons pass by this writing, but you, my distant grandchild, will read it... when I'll be no more" (, The Hands Were Swollen by Clapping..., 1858).

In 1866, the poet finished his work on , a vast anthology of verse. However, despite his greatest efforts it could not be published until decades later. One of the reasons for this included Prince Władysław Czartoryski failing to grant the poet the loan he had promised. In subsequent years, Norwid lived in extreme poverty and suffered from tuberculosis. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, many of his friends and patrons were distracted with the global events: Norwid experienced starvation, and his health further deteriorated. Material hardships did not stop him from writing: in 1869 he wrote  (A Poem About the Freedom of the Word), a long treatise in verse about the history of words, which was well received at that time. The next year he wrote , a poem reflecting his views on Christian love, which Hungarian poet George Gömöri called Norwid's "most successful narrative poem". Those years also saw him write three more plays, comedies  (Actor. Comedy-drama, 1867),  (Behind the Scenes, 1865–1866), and  (The Ring of a Grand Lady, 1872), which Gömöri praised as Norwid's "real genre within the theater". The latter play became Norwid's most frequently performed theater piece, although like many of his works, it gained recognition long after his death (published in print in 1933, and staged in 1936).

In 1877 his cousin,  relocated Norwid to the  (Œuvre de Saint Casimir) on the outskirts of Paris in Ivry. That location, run by Polish nuns, was home to many destitute Polish emigrants. There, Norwid was befriended by Teodor Jełowicki who also gave him material support. Some of his final works include a comedy play  (Pure Love at Sea Baths, 1880), the philosophical treatesie  (Silence, 1882), and novels  (written c. 1881–83), Stygmat (Stigmata, 1881–82) and Tajemnica lorda Singelworth (The Secret of Lord Singelworth, 1883). Throughout his life, he also wrote many letters, over a thousand of which survived to be studied by scholars.

During the last months of his life, Norwid was weak and bed-ridden. He frequently wept and refused to speak with anyone. He died in the morning of 23 May 1883. Jełowicki and Kleczkjowski personally covered the burial costs, and Norwid's funeral was also attended by Franciszek Duchiński and . After 15 years the funds to maintain his grave dried out and his body was moved to a mass grave of Polish emigrants.

Themes and views
Norwid's early style could be classified as belonging within the romanticism tradition, but it soon evolved beyond it. Some scholars consider Norwid to represent late romanticism, while others see him as an early modernist. Polish literary critics, , Tamara Trojanowska and Joanna Niżyńska described Norwid as "a 'late child' and simultaneously a great critic of Romanticism" and "the first post-Romantic poet [of Poland]". Danuta Borchardt who translated some of Norwid's poems to English wrote that "Norwid's work belongs to late Romanticism. However, he was so original that scholars cannot pigeonhole his work into any specific literary period". Czesław Miłosz, a Polish poet and Nobel laureate, wrote that "[Norwid] preserved complete independence from the literary currents of the day". This could be seen in his short stories, which went against the common trend in the 19th century to write realistic prose and instead are more aptly described as "modern parables".Critics and literary historians eventually concluded that during his life, Norwid was rejected by his contemporaries as his works were too unique. His style incresingly departing from then-prevailing forms and themes found in romanticism and positivism, and the subjects of his works were also often not aligned with the political views of the emigre Poles. His style was criticized for "being obscure and overly cerebral" and having a "jarring syntax". Even today, a number of scholars refer to his works, in this context, as "dark", meaning  "weird" or "difficult to understand".

While Norwid did not create neologisms, he would change words creating new variations of existing language, and he also experimented with syntax and punctuation, for example through the use of hyphenated words, which are uncommon in the Polish language. Much of his work is rhymed, although some is seen as a precursor to free verse that later became more common in Polish poetry. Miłosz noted that Norwid was "against aestheticism", and that he aimed to "break the monotony... of the syllabic pattern", purposefully making his verses "roughhewn".

While Norwid displays a Romantic admiration for heroes, he almost never addresses the concept of romantic love. Norwid attempted to start new types of literary works, for example "high comedy" and "bloodless white tragedy". His works are considered to be deeply philosophical and utilitarian, and he rejected "art for art's sake". He is seen as a harsh critic of the Polish society as well as of mass culture. His portrayal of women characters has been praised as more developed than that of many of his contemporaries, whose female characters were more one-dimensional. Borchardt summarized his ideas as "that of a man deeply distressed by and disappointed in mankind, yet hopeful of its eventual redemption". Miłosz pointed out that Norwid used irony (comparing his use of it to Jules Laforgue or T. S. Eliot), but it was "so hidden within symbols and parables" that it was often missed by most readers. He also argued that Norwid is "undoubtedly... the most 'intellectual' poet to ever write in Polish", although lack of audience has "permitted him to indulge in such a torturing of the language that some of his lines are hopelessely obscure".

Norwid's works featured more than purely Polish context, employing pan-European, Greco-Christian symbology. They also endorsed orthodox Christian, Roman Catholic views;  in fact Gömöri argues that one of his major themes was "the state and future of Christian civilization". Miłosz similarly noted that Norwid did not reject civilization, although he was critical of some of its aspects; he saw history as a story of progress "to make martyrdom unnecessary on Earth". Historical references are common in Norwid's work, which Miłosz describe as affected by "intense historicism". Norwid's stay in America also made him a supporter of the abolitionist movement, and in 1859 he wrote two poems about John Brown Do obywatela Johna Brown (To Citizen John Brown) and John Brown. Another recurring motif in his work was the importance of labor, particularly in the context of artistic work, with his discussions of issues such as how should artists be compensated in the capitalistic society - although Miłosz noted that Norwid was not a socialist.

Norwid's work has also been treated as deeply philosophical. Miłosz also noted that some consider Norwid to be a philosopher more than an artist, and indeed Norwid has inspired, among others, philosophers such as Stanisław Brzozowski. Nonetheless, Miłosz disagrees with that notion, quoting Mieczysław Jastrun who wrote that Norwid was "first of all, an artist, but an artist for whom the most interesting material is thought, reflection, the cultural experience of mankind".

Legacy and commemoration
Following his death, many of Norwid's works were forgotten; it was not until the early 20th century, in the Young Poland period, that his finesse and style was appreciated. At that time, his work was discovered and popularised by Zenon Przesmycki, a Polish poet and literary critic who was a member of the Polish Academy of Literature. Przesmycki started republishing Norwid's works c. 1897, and created an enduring image of him, one of "the dramatic legend of the cursed poet".

Norwid's "Collected Works" (Dzieła Zebrane) were published in 1966 by , a Norwid biographer and commentator. The full iconic collection of Norwid's work was released during the period 1971–76 as Pisma Wszystkie ("Collected Works"). Comprising 11 volumes, it includes all of Norwid's poetry as well as his letters and reproductions of his artwork.

On 24 September 2001, 118 years after his death, an urn with soil from the collective grave where Norwid had been interred in Paris' Montmorency cemetery was buried in the "" at Wawel Cathedral. There, Norwid's remains were placed next to those of fellow Polish poets Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Słowacki. During a mass held at the cathedral, the Archbishop of Kraków, cardinal Franciszek Macharski said that the doors of the crypt have opened "to receive the great poet, Cyprian Norwid, into Wawel's royal cathedral, for he was an equal of kings".

In 2021, on the 200th anniversary of Norwid's birth, the brothers Stephen and Timothy Quay produced a short film titled Vade-mecum about the poet's life and work in an attempt to promote his legacy among foreign audiences.

Norwid is often considered the fourth more important poet of the Polish romanticism, and called the Fourth of the Three Bards. In fact, some literary critics of the late 20th-century Poland were skeptical as to the value of Krasiński's work and considered Norwid to be the Third bard instead of Fourth. Well known in Poland, and a part of Polish school's curricula, Norwid nonetheless remains obscure in English-speaking world. He has been praised as the best poet of the 19th century by Joseph Brodsky and Tomas Venclova. Miłosz notes he has become recognized as a "precusor of modern Polish poetry".

The life and work of Norwid have been subject to a number of scholarly treatments. Those include the English-language collection of essays about him, published after a 1983 conference held to commemorate century since his death (Cyprian Norwid (1821-1883): Poet - Thinker - Craftsman, 1988)  or monographs such as 's (2016) Cyprian Norwid. Poeta wieku dziewiętnastego (Cyprian Norwid. A Poet of the Nineteenth Century). An academic journal dedicated to the study of Norwid, , has been published since 1983.

Works

Norwid authored numerous works, from poems, both epic and short, to plays, short stories, essays and letters. During his lifetime, according to Miłosz and Gömöri, he published only one large volume of poetry (in 1862) (although Borchardt mentions another volume from 1866). Borchardt considers his major works to be Vade-mecum, Promethidion and Ad leones!. Miłosz acknowledged Vade-mecum as Norwid's most influential work, but also praised the earlier Bema pamięci rapsod żałobny as one of his most famous poems.

Norwid's most extensive work,Vade-mecum, written between 1858 and 1865, was first published a century after his death. Some of  Norwid's works have been translated into English by Walter Whipple and Danuta Borchardt in the United States of America, and by Jerzy Pietrkiewicz and Adam Czerniawski in Britain. A number have also received translations to other languages, such as Bengali, French, German, Italian, Russian, Slovakian and Ukrainian.

See also
Cyprian Norwid Theatre
List of Polish poets
Parnassism
Stanisław Wyspiański, another Polish writer also called the Fourth Bard of Poland

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading
Jarzębowski, Józef. Norwid i Zmartwychstańcy. London: Veritas, 1960. ("Norwid and The Resurrectionists")
Kalergis, Maria. Listy do Adama Potockiego (Letters to Adam Potocki), edited by Halina Kenarowa, translated from the French by Halina Kenarowa and Róża Drojecka, Warsaw, 1986.

External links

 Speech about Norwid made by Pope John Paul II to the representatives of the Institute of Polish National Patrimony
 Biography links
 Profile of Cyprian Norwid at Culture.pl
 Why You Should Read Norwid, Poland's Starving Time Traveller from Culture.pl

Collection of works
 Repository of translated poems
 Cyprian Kamil Norwid collected works (Polish)

The Larva
My Song
To Citizen John Brown
What Did You Do to Athens, Socrates?
In Verona

1821 births
1883 deaths
People from Wyszków County
19th-century Polish painters
19th-century Polish male artists
Polish sculptors
Polish male sculptors
Polish male dramatists and playwrights
Polish Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic writers
Activists of the Great Emigration
19th-century sculptors
19th-century Polish poets
19th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
Polish male poets
19th-century Polish male writers
19th-century Polish philosophers
Polish male painters

Cyprian Norwid


Le siège de Gouda s'est tenu en  pendant les querelles des Hameçons et des Cabillauds.

Contexte
En 1425, Philippe le Bon emprisonna Jacqueline de Hainaut dans le Château des comtes de Flandre à Gand en Flandre. Aussi déterminée et combattante qu'elle fut, elle réussit à s'évader de sa prison en deux à trois mois avec l'aide des alliés du parti des Hameçons. Son but fut alors de prendre possession du triangle formé par les forteresses de Schoonhoven-Oudewater-Gouda et d'y établir sa base stratégique pour mettre le comté de Hollande sous son autorité.

Le , la comtesse Jacoba fut accueillie à Gouda, où elle élit domicile dans le , qui deviendra sa résidence entre 1425 et 1428. De son château, elle poursuit son combat contre les Cabillauds pour récupérer la Hollande et la Zélande. Lorsqu'elle apprit que l'ennemi avait rassemblé une armée à Leyde pour attaquer d'abord la ville d'Alphen-sur-le-Rhin puis celle de Gouda, elle prit une décision résolue. Jacqueline a rassemblé toutes les troupes de Schoonhoven, Oudewater et Gouda et a traversé le Gouwe pour se battre à Alphen-sur-le-Rhin. Ce fut une victoire pour le camp de la comtesse et en guise de trophées, les bannières des villes vaincues d'Haarlem, Leyde et d'Amsterdam ont été ramenées à Gouda. À cette époque, cette dernière était la capitale du mouvement des Hameçons.

Le siège
Mais Philippe le Bon n'en reste pas là. En mai de l'année 1428, il commença le siège de la ville en recrutant une énorme armée bourguignonne puis marcha jusqu'à la cour de son ennemie. Sur trois côtés, Gouda était entourée de camps de tentes ennemies, tandis que du côté de la rivière près du château, la flotte corsaire de  était son seul point fort certain. Jacqueline envoya des messagers à Jean de Montfoort et à l'évêque Rodolphe de Diepholt, avec qui elle avait fait alliance en mars 1427, pour s'assurer de soutiens. Cependant l'armée bourguignonne était trop nombreuse pour être vaincue, ce qui força Jacqueline, après avoir résisté pendant plus d'un mois, à capituler.

Tout juste abandonnée par son mari Humphrey de Lancastre, Jacqueline signe finalement la paix avec Philippe le . Avec le traité de Delft, elle conserva son titre de comtesse de Hollande, de Zélande et de Hainaut mais reconnut Philippe comme héritier et régent.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 J. A. M. Y. Bos-Rops, 1993, Graven op zoek naar geld: de inkomsten van de graven van Holland.
 Hanno Brand, Over macht en overwicht: stedelijke elites in Leiden.
 Hans van Woerkom, Biografie over Jacoba van Beieren.

Liens externes

Bataille du Moyen Âge
Gouda
Siège du XVe siècle

Siège de Gouda (1428)


König ist ein Einschlagkrater im Südwesten der Mondvorderseite in der Ebene des Mare Nubium, südwestlich des Kraters Bullialdus und nordwestlich von Kies.
Der etwas unregelmäßig geformte Krater ist kaum erodiert.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem österreichischen Astronomen Rudolf König offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 König auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

König (Mondkrater)


Ålfoten (også kaldt Ålfotefjorden) er arm af Nordfjord i Bremanger kommune i Vestland fylke i Norge. Fjorden er 8,5 kilometer lang, og går i sydvestlig retning fra indløbet mellem Hjeltneset og Gjegnalunden, forbi gårdene Askevika, Vik, Myklebust og Sigdestad, Ålfoten og ind til gården Førde. Nord for Hjeltneset ligger Isefjorden, mens Hundvikfjorden fortsætter mod øst. Ved Svinevika smalner fjorden ind og danner Førdspollen, som er den inderste del af fjorden.

I fjordbunden ligger gården Førde og Åskåra kraftværk.

Rigsvej 614 går på nordsiden af fjorden. Ålfotbræen ligger noget længere mod syd.

Kilder og henvisninger

Fjorde i Vestland
Bremanger

Ålfotfjorden