In functional analysis and operator theory, a bounded linear operator is a linear transformation  between topological vector spaces (TVSs)  and  that maps bounded subsets of  to bounded subsets of
If  and  are normed vector spaces (a special type of TVS), then  is bounded if and only if there exists some  such that for all

The smallest such  is called the operator norm of  and denoted by
A bounded operator between normed spaces is continuous and vice versa.

The concept of a bounded linear operator has been extended from normed spaces to all topological vector spaces.

Outside of functional analysis, when a function  is called "bounded" then this usually means that its image  is a bounded subset of its codomain. A linear map has this property if and only if it is identically
Consequently, in functional analysis, when a linear operator is called "bounded" then it is never meant in this abstract sense (of having a bounded image).

In normed vector spaces

Every bounded operator is Lipschitz continuous at

Equivalence of boundedness and continuity

A linear operator between normed spaces is bounded if and only if it is continuous.

In topological vector spaces

A linear operator  between two topological vector spaces (TVSs) is called a  or just  if whenever  is bounded in  then  is bounded in
A subset of a TVS is called bounded (or more precisely, von Neumann bounded) if every neighborhood of the origin absorbs it.
In a normed space (and even in a seminormed space), a subset is von Neumann bounded if and only if it is norm bounded.
Hence, for normed spaces, the notion of a von Neumann bounded set is identical to the usual notion of a norm-bounded subset.

Continuity and boundedness

Every sequentially continuous linear operator between TVS is a bounded operator.
This implies that every continuous linear operator between metrizable TVS is bounded.
However, in general, a bounded linear operator between two TVSs need not be continuous.

This formulation allows one to define bounded operators between general topological vector spaces as an operator which takes bounded sets to bounded sets.
In this context, it is still true that every continuous map is bounded, however the converse fails; a bounded operator need not be continuous.
This also means that boundedness is no longer equivalent to Lipschitz continuity in this context.

If the domain is a bornological space (for example, a pseudometrizable TVS, a Fréchet space, a normed space) then a linear operators into any other locally convex spaces is bounded if and only if it is continuous.
For LF spaces, a weaker converse holds; any bounded linear map from an LF space is sequentially continuous.

If  is a linear operator between two topological vector spaces and if there exists a neighborhood  of the origin in  such that  is a bounded subset of  then  is continuous.
This fact is often summarized by saying that a linear operator that is bounded on some neighborhood of the origin is necessarily continuous.
In particular, any linear functional that is bounded on some neighborhood of the origin is continuous (even if its domain is not a normed space).

Bornological spaces

Bornological spaces are exactly those locally convex spaces for which every bounded linear operator into another locally convex space is necessarily continuous.
That is, a locally convex TVS  is a bornological space if and only if for every locally convex TVS  a linear operator  is continuous if and only if it is bounded.

Every normed space is bornological.

Characterizations of bounded linear operators

Let  be a linear operator between topological vector spaces (not necessarily Hausdorff).
The following are equivalent:
 is (locally) bounded;
(Definition):  maps bounded subsets of its domain to bounded subsets of its codomain;
 maps bounded subsets of its domain to bounded subsets of its image ;
 maps every null sequence to a bounded sequence;
 A null sequence is by definition a sequence that converges to the origin.
 Thus any linear map that is sequentially continuous at the origin is necessarily a bounded linear map.
 maps every Mackey convergent null sequence to a bounded subset of
 A sequence  is said to be Mackey convergent to the origin in  if there exists a divergent sequence  of positive real number such that  is a bounded subset of

if  and  are locally convex then the following may be add to this list:
 maps bounded disks into bounded disks.
 maps bornivorous disks in  into bornivorous disks in

if  is a bornological space and  is locally convex then the following may be added to this list:
 is sequentially continuous at some (or equivalently, at every) point of its domain.
 A sequentially continuous linear map between two TVSs is always bounded, but the converse requires additional assumptions to hold (such as the domain being bornological and the codomain being locally convex).
 If the domain  is also a sequential space, then  is sequentially continuous if and only if it is continuous.
 is sequentially continuous at the origin.

Examples

Any linear operator between two finite-dimensional normed spaces is bounded, and such an operator may be viewed as multiplication by some fixed matrix.
Any linear operator defined on a finite-dimensional normed space is bounded.
On the sequence space  of eventually zero sequences of real numbers, considered with the  norm, the linear operator to the real numbers which returns the sum of a sequence is bounded, with operator norm 1. If the same space is considered with the  norm, the same operator is not bounded.
Many integral transforms are bounded linear operators. For instance, if

is a continuous function, then the operator  defined on the space  of continuous functions on  endowed with the uniform norm and with values in the space  with  given by the formula

is bounded. This operator is in fact a compact operator. The compact operators form an important class of bounded operators.
The Laplace operator

(its domain is a Sobolev space and it takes values in a space of square-integrable functions) is bounded.
The shift operator on the Lp space  of all sequences  of real numbers with

is bounded. Its operator norm is easily seen to be

Unbounded linear operators

Let  be the space of all trigonometric polynomials on  with the norm

The operator  that maps a polynomial to its derivative is not bounded. Indeed, for  with  we have  while  as  so  is not bounded.

Properties of the space of bounded linear operators

 The space of all bounded linear operators from  to  is denoted by  and is a normed vector space.
 If  is Banach, then so is
 from which it follows that dual spaces are Banach.
 For any  the kernel of  is a closed linear subspace of
 If  is Banach and  is nontrivial, then  is Banach.

See also

References

Bibliography

 Kreyszig, Erwin: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, Wiley, 1989

Linear operators
Operator theory
Theory of continuous functions

Bounded operator


Agnosine (Dialetto bergamasco Gnùsen) ist ein Dorf und eine Gemeinde im Val Sabbia der Provinz Brescia sowie Teil der Comunità Montana della Valle Sabbia.

Zu Agnosine gehören die Fraktionen Binzago, Casale, Renzana, San Lino, Sant'Andrea, Trebbio.

Literatur
 Anna Ferrari-Bravo, Paola Colombini: Guida d'Italia. Lombardia (esclusa Milano). Milano 1987, S. 678.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Provinz Bergamo

Agnosine


Jutta Mirtschin (* 8. Juli 1949 in Chemnitz) ist eine deutsche Künstlerin und Buchillustratorin.

Biografie
Mirtschin absolvierte von 1968 bis 1969 eine Lehre als Akzidenzsetzer im Druckhaus Leipzig und besuchte daneben die Abendakademie der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig (Grafik, Schrift). Sie studierte von 1969 bis 1974 Grafik an der Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weißensee und absolvierte dort anschließend von 1974 bis 1976 eine Aspirantur. Seit 1974 ist sie freiberuflich tätig (Malerei, Grafik, Illustration, Buchgestaltung, Plakat, Theater).

Von 1982 bis 1985 war sie Meisterschüler an der Akademie der Künste in (Ost-)Berlin. Von 1997 bis 2003 nahm sie einen Lehrauftrag für Illustration an den Grafik+Design Schulen Anklam und Schwerin wahr.

Werke (Auswahl)

Buchillustrationen
 Jurij Brězan: Die Rattenschlacht und andere Geschichten, Bitwa z wulkimi myšemi, Bautzen 1977
 Günter Kunert: Josephine im Dunkeln, Berlin 1977
 Jutta Mirtschin: Auf dem Hügel ist was los. Berlin 1978 und 1986, Oslo 1979, Amsterdam 1979, Copenhagen 1979, London/ Sydney 1980.
 Gerat Hendrich: Kito und die Tanzfiedel, Kito husličkar, Bautzen 1979
 Paul Nedo: Der starke Knecht, Močny knecht, Bautzen 1981
 Ehm Welk: Die Heidentaufe, Berlin 1983
 Chris Hornbogen: Der Winterkönig, Berlin 1984
 Anthologie Polnische Märchen, Berlin 1984, Hanau 1984
 Theodor Storm: Hundert Gedichte, Berlin 1987
 Jakob und Wilhelm Grimm: Von dem Mäuschen, Vögelchen und der Bratwurst, Berlin 1987
 Jutta Mirtschin: Martin und der Reifen. Berlin 1988
 Eduard Mörike: Die Historie von der schönen Lau, München 1995, ISBN 3-930777-08-8.
 Rolf Krenzer: Die Babuschka, Sascha und das Huhn Natascha, Lahr 1996, ISBN 3-7806-2375-7.
 Ingrid Uebe: Serafina Siebenschön, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-358-02138-6.
 Karl Hochmuth: Floflo und der Zauberstift, Würzburg 1998, ISBN 3-429-02023-9.
 Im Winter schneit es Marzipan, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-358-02212-9.
 Helmut Jaekel: Nachts, wenn das Schlafläuschen kommt, Basel 2000
 Willi Fährmann: Martin und Markus mit dem Raben, Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-429-02377-7.
 Werner Heiduczek: Der singende Fisch, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-358-02235-8.
 Werner Heiduczek: Das verschenkte Weinen, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-932545-94-X.
 Willi Fährmann: Nikolaus und Jonas mit der Taube, Würzburg 2003, ISBN 3-429-02554-0.
 Willi Fährmann: Der mit den Fischen sprach, Würzburg 2003, ISBN 3-429-02450-1.
 Handrij Zejler: Tante Biene, Babka pčołka, Bautzen 2004, ISBN 3-429-02554-0.
 Günter Kunert: Josephine im Dunkeln, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-89603-256-9.
 E.T.A. Hoffmann: Klein Zaches genannt Zinnober, o. O. 2008
 Betti Hildebrandt: Öis isch hütt es Wunder gschee, Zürich 2008, ISBN 978-3-03713-293-7.
 E.T.A. Hoffmann: Des Vetters Eckfenster, o. O. 2011
 Weihnachten in unserer kleinen Stadt, Aachen 2011, ISBN 978-3-88997-038-1.
 Gerhard Schöne: Mein Kinderland, Leipzig 2014, ISBN 978-3-942473-78-1.
 Hans Fallada: Sehnsucht ist besser als Erfüllung. Aphorismen, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-941683-66-2.
 Friedrich Schiller: Ein jeder gibt den Wert sich selbst, Lebensweisheiten, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-95799-080-8
 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Es irrt der Mensch, solang er strebt, Lebensweisheiten, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-95799-079-2
 Heinrich Heine: Ein kühnes Beginnen ist halbes Gewinnen. Aphorismen, Berlin 2020, ISBN 978-3-95799-086-0

LP Cover
 Gerhard Schöne: Lieder aus dem Kinderland, Deutsche Schallplatten, Berlin 1982

Theater
 Jakob und Wilhelm Grimm: Der gestiefelte Kater, Ausstattung, Puppentheater Berlin, 1981
 Gebrüder Grimm: Die Sterntaler, Theaterplakat, Kostüme, Bühnenbild, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 1995
 Wilhelm Hauff: Die Geschichte vom Kalif Storch, Theaterplakat, Kostüme, Bühnenbild, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 1997
 Theodor Storm: Der kleine Häwelmann, Theaterplakat, Kostüme, Bühnenbild, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2003
 Reinhard Drogla: Shakespeare meets Beatles, Theaterplakat, Kostüme, Bühnenbild, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2014
 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Reineke Fuchs, Kostüme, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2018

Plakat
 Paul Maar: Kikerikiste, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 1994
 Friedrich Karl Waechter: XYZ, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 1995
 Paul Maar und Nele Maar: Papa wohnt jetzt in der Heinrichstraße, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 1995
 William Shakespeare: Romeo und Julia, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 1999
 Hans Fallada: Die Geschichte von der gebesserten Ratte, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2002
 Juliane Blech: Mumm, Mut, Macke, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2007
 Gebrüder Grimm: Von einem, der auszog das fürchten zu lernen, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2009
 Agneta Elers-Jarleman: Katzen, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2009
 Tanzgala Cottbus 2011, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2011
 Jörg Bretschneider: Baba Jaga, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2012
 Ulrich Hub: An der Arche um Acht, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2012
 Hans Christian Andersen: Die Schneekönigin, Theaterplakat, Piccolo Theater Cottbus 2018

Malerei, Grafik
 Blaues Paar, Öl/Leinwand, 56,0 × 49,0 cm, 1987
 Maiglöckchen, Öl/Leinwand, 45,0 × 35,0 cm, 1994
 Justitia, Pastell, 71,0 × 52,3 cm, 1994
 In Erwartung, Öl/Karton, 20,0 × 27,0 cm, 1992
 Drei schwarze Masken, Pastell, 40,0 × 60,0 cm, 2007
 Einkehr, Öl/Leinwand, 40,0 × 50,0 cm, 2007
 Sonntag, Öl/Leinwand, 80,0 × 60,0 cm, 2010
 Flachs, Öl/Leinwand, 80,0 × 60,0 cm, 2010
 Nelken, Öl/Leinwand, 80,0 × 60,0 cm, 2011
 Dandy, Öl/Leinwand, 80,0 × 60,0 cm, 2011
 Melancholie, Öl/Seide auf Holz kaschiert, 73,5 × 58,5 cm, 2011
 Im Cafe, Radierung, 40,0 × 50,0 cm, 2011
 Verweilende, Öl/Leinwand, 60 × 50 cm, 2017
 Boddenlandschaft, Öl/Leinwand, 100 × 120 cm, 2019
 Floreat, Öl/Leinwand, 120 × 100, 2020

Arbeiten in Sammlungen
 Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
 Nationalgalerie Bratislava
 Staatliches Museum Schwerin, Kunstsammlungen, Schlösser und Gärten
 Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kunstbibliothek
 Kinder- und Jugendbuchabteilung der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
 Kunstmuseum Dieselkraftwerk Cottbus
 Sorbisches Museum, Bautzen
 Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Puppentheatersammlung

Personalausstellungen (Auswahl)
 Albatros-Galerie Prag, 1977
 Staatliches Museum Schwerin, 1985
 Galerie Bildermarkt Erfurt, 1986
 Cotta-Club Freiberg, 1991
 Sorbisches Museum Bautzen, 1992
 Wort und Werk am Gendarmenmarkt Berlin, 1993
 Galerie des Kunstvereins Bautzen, 1994
 Stadtbibliothek Kehl am Rhein, 1995
 Landesbühne Anklam, 1996
 Rathausgalerie Waren, 2004
 piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2005
 KID Dresden-Friedrichstadt, 2006
 Stiftung für das sorbische Volk LODKA Cottbus, 2007
 Uwe Häntsch und Jutta Mirtschin, Kunstverein Ribnitz-Damgarten, 2010
 Galerie 100 Berlin, 2012
 Kunstmuseum Dieselkraftwerk Cottbus, 2012
 Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2012
 Burg Beeskow, 2014
 Städtische Museen Zittau, 2015/2016
 Galerie & Kunstsammlung, Städtisches Museum Eisenhüttenstadt-Fürstenberg, 2019
Galerie 100 Berlin, 2021/2022
Piccolo Theater Cottbus, 2022

Ausstellungsbeteiligungen (Auswahl)
 Biennale der Illustrationen Bratislava. 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1995, 1999, 2005
 IX. und X. Kunstausstellung der DDR, Dresden, 1982/1983 und 1987/1988
 Kinderbuchillustrationen, Berlin, Galerie am Prater, 1984
 Illustrators of Children's Books Bologna. 1986, 1987, 1991
 Itabashi Art Museum Tokio. 1987, 1991
 Die Buchillustration in der DDR. Berlin, Moskau 1979
 XI. Biennale Brno, 1984
 PREMI CATALONIA D'IL LUSTRACIO Barcelona, 1984
 Staatliches Museum Schwerin, 1988
 Frauen machen Bilderbücher, Berlin 1992
 Wanderungen ins Imaginäre, Deutsche Illustratoren, Venedig 1995
 3. Internationaler Theaterplakatwettbewerb Osnabrück. 1997
 "Über(klebt)-Plakate aus der DDR", Ausstellung im Schleswig-Holstein-Haus Schwerin, 2007
 100 Jahre Kunstverein Bautzen, Bautzen 2011
 Sorbisches Museum Bautzen, 2015/2016
 Kunstscheune Barnstorf, 2018/2019

Auszeichnungen (Auswahl)
 Goldene Plakette der Biennale der Illustrationen Bratislava, 1981
 Goldene Plakette der Biennale der Illustrationen Bratislava, 1983
 Goldigs Chrönli Zürich, 2009

Literatur (Auswahl)
 Biennale der Illustrationen, Hrsg. BIB, Bratislava, 1979
 Moderne Kinderbuchillustratoren Europas, Hrsg. O. Božejovský von Rawennoff, Bohem's Artist, Disentis, Zürich 1982, ISBN 3-85637-038-2.
 Biennale der Illustrationen '81, '83, Hrsg. Mladé letá, Bratislava 1983
 Biennale der Illustrationen, Hrsg. BIB, Bratislava, 1985
 Premi Catalònia d' Illustraciò, Hrsg. Departament de cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona 1984, ISBN 84-393-0527-3.
 Illustratori di libri per ragazzi, Hrsg. Fiera del Libro per Ragazzi, Bologna 1986, ISBN 0-88708-020-0.
 87' Bologna Fiera del Libro per ragazzi, Hrsg. Itabashi Art Museum, Tokio 1987
 Illustratori di libri per ragazzi, Hrsg. Fiera del Libro per Ragazzi, Bologna 1991, Salzburg, ISBN 0-88708-164-9.
 91' Bologna Fiera del Libro per ragazzi, Hrsg. Itabashi Art Museum, Tokio 1991
 Wanderungen ins Imaginäre – Deutsche Illustratoren. Hrsg. Associazione Culturale Teatrio Venedig, 1995
 Internationale Theaterplakate Dieter Urban, in: novum 6/199, München 1997, .
 Theaterplakat, Hrsg. Erdmut C. August, Rasch-Verlag, bramsche 1997, ISBN 3-930595-89-3.
 Alice Hartmann: Jutta Mirtschin. In: Marginalien, Zeitschrift für Buchkunst und Bibliophilie. 166. Heft 2/2002, Wiesbaden
 20. Biennale der Illustrationen, Hrsg. BIBIANA, International House of Art for Children, Bratislava 2005, ISBN 80-89154-09-3.
 Jutta Mirtschin: Eine Welt gemalt. Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2010, ISBN 978-3-936758-65-8.
 Jürgen Matschie: Künstler der Oberlausitz. Hrsg. Ernst-Rietschel-Kulturring e.V., Pulsnitz, 2009, ISBN 978-3-9812809-2-0.
 Lexikon der Illustration im deutschsprachigen Raum seit 1945, edition text+kritik, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-86916-191-4
 Jutta Mirtschin: Malerei/Grafik/Buch/llustration/Plakat/Theater. Domowina Verlag, Bautzen 2021, ISBN 978-3-7420-2692-7

Weblinks

 Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin

Grafiker (Deutschland)
Deutscher
DDR-Bürger
Geboren 1949
Frau

Jutta Mirtschin


Ernst Karl Plech (* 16. August 1944) ist ein österreichischer Immobilienmakler und Unternehmer.

Leben
Ernst Karl Plech entstammt einer Leobner Arbeiterfamilie. Er besuchte in den 1950er Jahren die Hauptschule und schloss daraufhin eine kaufmännische Lehre ab. Von Februar 1967 bis Dezember 1971 arbeitete Plech als Vertreter in Wien für die Firma Bertelsmann. Im Jänner 1972 gründete Plech mit Peter Dirnbacher die Hausverwaltung und Maklerfirma Dirnbacher & Plech. Im selben Jahr legte Plech die Befähigungsprüfung zum Immobilientreuhänder ab und gründete die protokollierte Einzelfirma Ernst Karl Plech Immobilientreuhänder mit 10 Mitarbeitern, welche bis heute existiert. Mitte der 1970er Jahre arbeitete Plech auch als Geschäftsführer eines Rotlichtlokals am Wiener Gürtel. Mit dem Taxiunternehmer Werner Donauer gründete er die Gaststättengesellschaft "PED" am Lerchenfelder Gürtel Nr. 40. Mitte der 1990er Jahre zog sich Plech zurück und gründete die Firma "Auto make up", die Neu- und Gebrauchtwagen aufpolierte, ab 1989 auch Dachböden ausbaute und 1991 in die "Plech und Plech Immobilientreuhändergesellschaft" überging.

Anfang der 1990er Jahre stellte Plech dem ehemaligen freiheitlichen Politiker Jörg Haider ein Penthouse im Wiener Grätzl Pratercottage in der Leopoldstadt zur Verfügung. Später mietete sich dort der ehemalige Finanzminister Karl-Heinz Grasser ein, dem Plech auch später während dessen Zeit als Finanzminister zur Seite stand.

Im Jahr 1992 trat Plech als Sprecher des Personenkomitees für Heide Schmidt, die 1992 als Präsidentschaftskandidatin das liberale Aushängeschild der FPÖ gab, in Erscheinung. 1997 gründete Plech mit weiteren FPÖ-Sympathisanten, dem Industriellen Ernst Hofmann und dem Vater von Karl-Heinz Grasser die "RS Privatradio GmbH", wofür er jedoch keine bundesweite Radiolizenz bekam. Im selben Jahr zog Plech für die FPÖ in den Sparkassenrat der Bank Austria ein.

Im Jahr 2000 gründete er zusammen mit dem ehemaligen FPÖ-Politiker Walter Meischberger, dem PR-Berater Peter Hochegger und dem Motorrad-Sportler Heinz Kinigadner das monatliche Boulevard-Magazin Seitenblicke, von dem er sich jedoch vor geraumer Zeit wieder zurückgezogen hatte.

Verwicklung in Affären

Meischberger-Sparbuch
Im Wahlkampf 1999 wurde bekannt, dass der FPÖ-Abgeordnete Meischberger eine größere Summe in Bar bekommen und nicht versteuert hatte. Seinen freiwilligen Rückzug aus dem Nationalrat ließ sich dieser teuer abkaufen. Der Deal wurde von der Kanzlei des späteren Justizministers Dieter Böhmdorfer über den "Sachwalter" Plech abgewickelt. Im Jahr 2011 fand die Polizei im Zuge einer Hausdurchsuchung bei Plech ein Sparbuch Meischbergers mit einer Einlage von 2,5 Millionen Schilling (182.000 Euro) und eine schriftliche Vereinbarung, die Meischberger den Posten eines ORF-Stiftungsrats garantierte.

BUWOG-Affäre

In den Jahren nach dem Antritt der schwarz-blauen Regierung 2000 wird Plech unter Finanzminister Grasser – mit dem er seit Mitte 2009 die gemeinsame Immobiliengesellschaft GPS betreibt – Vorsitzender des BUWOG-Aufsichtsrats, Mitglied des Kontrollorgans der Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft (BIG) und dreier weiterer staatlicher Wohnbaugesellschaften. Er war auch stimmberechtigtes Mitglied jener Vergabekommission im Finanzministerium, die zunächst die Investmentbank auswählte und später über den Verkauf von 60.000 Bundeswohnungen entschied. Am 15. Juni 2004 hatte die Immofinanz mit hauchdünnem Vorsprung die Ausschreibung gewonnen. Sie hatte 961 Millionen Euro geboten, nur eine Million mehr als der zweitbeste Bieter. Plech soll an den illegalen Absprachen und Provisionszahlungen beteiligt gewesen sein. Ein Teil des Geldes fand sich später auf einem Liechtensteiner Konto, für das Plech und seine Familie zeichnungsberechtigt sind. Der Republik Österreich sollen durch den niedrigen Verkaufspreis bis zu einer Milliarde Euro entgangen sein.

Am 10. Februar 2010 ließ die Staatsanwaltschaft Plech's Haus durchsuchen. Die Justiz ermittelt wegen des Verdachts auf Untreue und Amtsmissbrauch.

Am 2. Mai 2012 musste er zu diesem Fall auch vor dem Untersuchungsausschuss zur Klärung von Korruptionsvorwürfen aussagen.

Am 21. Juli 2016 gab die Wirtschafts- und Korruptionsstaatsanwaltschaft bekannt gegen Plech sowie Karl-Heinz Grasser, Walter Meischberger, Peter Hochegger und zwölf weitere Personen in den Causae BUWOG und Terminal Tower Anklage zu erheben. Der verursachte Gesamtschaden beläuft sich laut Anklage auf zehn Millionen Euro woraus sich ein Strafrahmen von bis zu zehn Jahren Haft ergibt.

Provisionen durch öffentliche Stellen
 Im Jahr 2002 erhielt Plech vom Justizministerium eine Maklerprovision von knapp 700.000 Euro – nachdem er ein Jahr zuvor den Umzug mehrerer Wiener Behörden (Handelsgericht, Bezirksgericht Innere Stadt und Bezirksgericht für Handelssachen) in den neuen City Tower Vienna vermittelt hatte.
 Für den Verkauf eines Teilareals des Frauengefängnisses Schwarzenau erhielt Plech 25.000 Euro aus öffentlichen Geldern.
 Der Freiheitliche Harald Fischl bekam von der staatlichen Buwog, für die Plech zuständig war, einen äußerst günstigen Vertrag für das Sanatorium Purkersdorf.

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmer (Österreich)
Kommerzialrat
Österreicher
Geboren 1944
Mann

Ernst Karl Plech


Keiichirō Toyama (japansk: 外山 圭一郎 Toyama Keiichirō, født 17. august 1978) er en japansk computerspildesigner, der er bedst kendt som skaberen af Silent Hill- og Siren-serierne.

Toyama gik på gymnasiet, da han blev ansat på Konamii i 1994 som grafisk kunstner. Han var grafisk designer og figurdesigner på Snatcher og International Track & Field, og efter dette skabte han i 1999 Silent Hill-serien. Det første spil i serien var en succes, men Toyama forlod arbejdet kort efter udgivelsen af det for at komme ind på SCE Japan Studio. Her begyndte han at skabe Siren-serien. Han har siden arbejdet på Gravity Rush-serien.

Arbejde

Referencer

Computerspilsdesignere
Personer fra Japan

Keiichiro Toyama


Tenis na OI 2016. u Rio de Janeiru održao se od 6. do 14. kolovoza na terenima Olimpijskog teniskog centra.
Hrvatska je imala četvero predstavnika Marin Čilić poražen je u trećem kolu, Ana Konjuh u drugom, Borna Ćorić u prvom isto kao i par Čilić - Draganja.

Osvajači medalja

Izvor

Vidi još

Tenis na OI 2012.

Vanjske poveznice
Tenis na OI 2016. službene stranice

Tenis
2016
Tenis u Brazilu

Tenis na OI 2016.


Boogie Boy is a 1998 film written and directed by Craig Hamann and produced by Braddon Mendelson. It stars Traci Lords, as well as Mark Dacascos, Emily Lloyd, Jaimz Woolvett, Frederic Forrest, Joan Jett, Robert Bauer, and Linnea Quigley. The film features music by Michael Knott.

Premise
A man who has just been released from prison vows to start a new life, but is put to the test when an old cellmate appears.

Cast
 Mark Dacascos as Jesse Page
 Emily Lloyd as Hester
 Jaimz Woolvett as Larry Storey
 Traci Lords as Shonda Lee Bragg
 Karen Sheperd as Marlene
 Linnea Quigley as Gretchen
 Jonathan Scarfe as Leland Bowles
 John Koyama as Lawrence Wong
 Ethan Jensen as Dave
 Phil Culotta as Mike
 Frederic Forrest as Edsel Dundee
 Ben Browder as Freddy
 James Lew as Jason
 Scott Sowers as "Bulldog"
 Robert Bauer as "Breeze"
 John Hawkes as "T-Bone"
 Joan Jett as "Jerk"
 Michael Pena as Drug Dealer
 Brett R. Goetsch as Roadie
 Tony Bruno as Rocket Brutes Band Member
 Sean Koos as Rocket Brutes Band Member
 Tommy Price as Rocket Brutes Band Member
 Rich Turner as The Bartender

References

External links
 Producer's Boogie Boy webpage
 aka Hard Proof - Germany

1997 films
American LGBT-related films
1998 crime films
1998 films
American crime films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films

Boogie Boy


පලස්තීන අධිකාරිය එසේත් නැත්නම් පලස්තීන ජාතික අධිකාරිය () යනු අර්ධ රජයක් ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරන අධිකාරියකි. පලස්තීන විමුක්ති සංවිධානය (Palestine Liberation Organization -PLO) විසින් පවත්වාගෙන යනු ලබයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

පලස්තීන අධිකාරිය


Otávio Roth (São Paulo, 20 de outubro de 1952 - São Paulo, 30 de agosto de 1993) foi um artista visual, designer gráfico, pesquisador, professor e escritor. Ao longo de duas décadas de produção artística, transitou pelas artes gráficas e gravura, produção em papel e instalações de arte participativa. Também foi pioneiro na pesquisa, produção e disseminação de técnicas de papel artesanal no Brasil.

Direitos humanos
Produziu a primeira versão ilustrada da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1978), em uma série de 30 xilogravuras. Exemplares de suas obras estão em exposição permanente nas sedes da Organização das Nações Unidas em Nova Iorque, Genebra e Viena desde 1981. Otávio também produziu versões ilustradas da Declaração em norueguês, espanhol, francês, dinamarquês, japonês e português, em técnicas variadas como crayon, aquarela e pulp painting.

Otávio foi o primeiro artista a expor em vida na sede da ONU em Nova Iorque. Entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980, realizou projetos variados a convite da ONU e da Anistia Internacional, incluindo dois livros infantis feitos em parceria com a escritora Ruth Rocha,  encomendados pela ONU para disseminar temas de direitos humanos e sustentabilidade na educação infantil. Os livros "Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos para Crianças" e "Azul e Lindo, Planeta Terra Nossa Casa" foram traduzidos para mais de dez idiomas e utilizados por braços institucionais da ONU em diversos países.

Papel artesanal
Em 1979 fundou a primeira oficina de papel artesanal do Brasil, a Handmade, com a finalidade de produzir papéis de qualidade para uso artístico. Difundiu seus conhecimentos sobre papel e sobre a história do livro em cursos, palestras e oficinas.

Como consequência do trabalho como gravador e da curiosidade pela produção de ferramentas, tintas e suportes para suas obras, Otávio desenvolveu robusta pesquisa sobre papel artesanal, sendo precursor do uso da técnica no Brasil. No começo dos anos 1980, desenvolveu pesquisa no IPT. Na mesma época, realizaria a exposição "Criando papéis" (Masp, 1982 e MAM-RJ, 1982), a primeira exposição no país exclusivamente dedicada ao papel artesanal.

A fim de expandir o acesso ao público sobre conhecimentos relativos ao papel, Otávio publicou "O que é Papel" (1983) pela Coleção Primeiros Passos, primeiro livro escrito em língua portuguesa sobre o assunto. Anos depois, publicou em co-autoria com Ruth Rocha a Coleção O Homem e a Comunicação, dedicada ao público infanto-juvenil.

Difundiu seus conhecimentos sobre papel e sobre a história do livro em cursos, palestras e oficinas, tendo influenciado fortemente a formação de papeleiros e pesquisadores do livro em todo o país, conforme relatado pela Profa. Thérèse Hofmann Gatti em "A história do papel artesanal no Brasil".  Entre 1979 e 1986 realizou cursos livres em seu ateliê sobre a história da comunicação e da escrita e sobre a história e técnicas de feitura de papel artesanal.

Ministrou cursos no Museu de Arte de São Paulo, Museu da Imagem e do Som (São Paulo), MAM-RJ, Projeto Axé (BA), UnB (DF), Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública, entre outros.

Em paralelo ao trabalho de pesquisa e disseminação das técnicas papeleiras, Otávio desenvolveu identidade artística própria como papeleiro e artista plástico. A partir da menor folha de papel artesanal que ele conseguiu produzir, chamada de Peninha, Otávio montou instalações de grandes proporções, prestigiadas em museus de diversos países, como Alemanha, Dinamarca, Japão, Estados Unidos e Brasil. Suas experimentações evoluíram para obras de arte colaborativas, amplamente exploradas no Brasil dos anos 1980.

Prêmios
Foi agraciado quatro vezes pelo Prêmio APCA: em 1979 como Melhor Gravador, em 1985 por sua pesquisa e em 1989 e 1991 como Melhor Ilustrador infanto-juvenil.

Publicou em co-autoria com Ruth Rocha a Coleção O Homem e a Comunicação (Ed. Melhoramentos), pela qual foi agraciado, em 1993, com o Prêmio Jabuti nas Categorias Melhor Coleção e Melhor Projeto Gráfico e com o Prêmio Monteiro Lobato de Literatura para a Infância e a Juventude (ABL). A coleção foi relançada em 2023 pela Companhia das Letrinhas em dois volumes : " O livro da história do livro" e "O livro da história da comunicação"Otávio Roth nasceu em São Paulo, em 1952. Morou em Nova Iorque, Londres, Oslo, Santa Rosa (CA) e São Paulo. Morreu em 30 de agosto de 1993 aos 40 anos.

Bibliografia
ROTH, Otávio. O que é papel. Coleção Primeiros Passos. vol. 99. Editora Brasiliense. São Paulo. Brasil. 1983. 99 p. il.
ROCHA, Ruth e ROTH, Otávio. Declaração universal dos direitos humanos. Círculo do Livro. São Paulo. Brasil. 1984. 52p. il.
ROCHA, Ruth e ROTH, Otávio. Azul e lindo planeta terra, nossa casa. Organização das Nações Unidas em conjunto com Salamandra Consultoria Editorial S/A. Rio de Janeiro. Brasil. 1990. 46p. il.
ROTH, Otávio. Duas dúzias de coisinhas à-toa que deixam a gente feliz. Apresentação Ruth Rocha. Editora Ática. São Paulo. Brasil. 1994. 16p. il.

Artistas plásticas do Brasil

Otávio Roth


South Cambridgeshire is a local government district of Cambridgeshire, England, with a population of 162,119 at the 2021 census. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Chesterton Rural District and South Cambridgeshire Rural District. It completely surrounds the city of Cambridge, which is administered separately from the district by Cambridge City Council.

On the abolition of South Herefordshire and Hereford districts to form the unitary Herefordshire in 1998, South Cambridgeshire became the only English district to completely encircle another. South Cambridgeshire District Council and Cambridge City Council work together on some projects, such as the Greater Cambridge Local Plan. Since 2017 the district has been a constituent member of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority, led by the directly-elected Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.

South Cambridgeshire has scored highly on the best places to live, according to Channel 4, which ranked South Cambridgeshire as the fifth-best place to live in 2006. A Halifax survey rated South Cambridgeshire the best place to live in rural Britain, and sixth best overall in 2017.

In 2010 South Cambridgeshire had the highest median household income in the county of Cambridgeshire.

In January 2023 the council started a three-month trial of a four day working week, with the intention of extending the trial until April 2024. Conservative local government minister, Lee Rowley, ordered the trial be halted, claiming it would breech the Local Government Act.

History
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The new district covered the area of two former districts, which were both abolished at the same time:
Chesterton Rural District
South Cambridgeshire Rural District
The new district was named South Cambridgeshire, reflecting its position within the wider county.

Governance
South Cambridgeshire District Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Cambridgeshire County Council. The whole district is also covered by civil parishes, which form a third tier of local government.

Political control
The council has been under Liberal Democrat majority control since the 2018 election.

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:

Leadership
The leaders of the council since 2001 have been:

Composition
Following the 2022 election and subsequent by-elections and changes of allegiance up to June 2023, the composition of the council was:

The next election is due in 2026.

Premises
South Cambridgeshire District Council's headquarters are located in South Cambridgeshire Hall in the Cambourne Business Park in Cambourne. The district council's headquarters moved from Cambridge to Cambourne in 2004.

Elections

Since the last full review of boundaries in 2018 the council has comprised 45 councillors representing 26 wards, with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years.

Councillors and Wards

Transportation
Cambridge Airport is located in South Cambridgeshire.

The Cambridgeshire Guided Busway passes through South Cambridgeshire.

Economy
ScotAirways has its head office on the grounds of Cambridge Airport in South Cambridgeshire.

Residents
Jenny Jefferies an author of several cook books and member of the Guild of Food Writers.

List of settlements
Abington Piggotts – Arrington – Babraham – Balsham – Bar Hill – Barrington – Bartlow – Barton – Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth – Bourn – Boxworth – Caldecote – Cambourne – Carlton – Castle Camps – Caxton – Childerley – Chishills – Chittering – Comberton – Conington – Coton – Cottenham – Croxton – Croydon – Dry Drayton – Duxford – Elsworth – Eltisley – Fen Ditton – Fen Drayton – Fowlmere – Foxton – Fulbourn – Gamlingay – Girton – Grantchester – Graveley – Great Abington – Great Eversden – Great Shelford – Great Wilbraham – Guilden Morden – Hardwick – Harlton – Harston – Haslingfield – Hatley – Hauxton – Heydon – Hildersham – Hinxton – Histon – Horseheath – Horningsea – Ickleton – Impington – Kingston – Knapwell – Landbeach – Linton – Litlington – Little Abington – Little Eversden – Little Gransden – Little Shelford – Little Wilbraham – Lolworth – Longstanton – Longstowe – Madingley – Melbourn – Meldreth – Milton – Newton – Oakington – Orchard Park – Orwell – Over – Pampisford – Papworth Everard – Papworth St Agnes – Rampton – Sawston – Shepreth – Shingay cum Wendy – Shudy Camps – Six Mile Bottom – Stapleford – Steeple Morden – Stow-cum-Quy – Swavesey – Tadlow – Teversham – Thriplow & Heathfield – Toft – Waterbeach – West Wickham – West Wratting – Weston Colville – Westwick – Whaddon – Whittlesford – Willingham – Wimpole

Arms

The council's coat of arms contains a tangential reference to the coat of arms of the University of Cambridge
by way of the coat of arms of Cambridge suburb Chesterton.
The motto, , means "Nothing Without Work" (or effort) in pre-standard Dutch; the only Dutch motto in British civic heraldry.  It was originally the motto of Cornelius Vermuyden, who drained the Fens in the 17th century. The council uses a monochrome depiction of its coat of arms as its logo.

References

External links

 South Cambridgeshire
 List of settlements on South Cambridgeshire website
 Coat of arms

Non-metropolitan districts of Cambridgeshire

South Cambridgeshire


Sovjetska invazija Mandžurije ili na zapadu nekad nazivana Operacija kolovoška oluja je počela 9. kolovoza 1945. kada je Sovjetski Savez napao japansku marionetsku državu Mandžukuo i ovo je bila najveća kampanja sovjetsko-japanskog rata, kojim su obnovljena neprijateljstva između Sovjetskog Saveza i Japana nakon skoro 6 godina mira. Sovjeti su zauzeli Mandžuriju, Unutarnju Mongoliju i sjever Koreje. Za brzi poraz japanske armije se tvrdi da je značajan čimbenik u japanskoj odluci da se preda i okonča Drugi svjetski rat, s obzirom na to da su Japanci shvatili da su Sovjeti voljni i sposobni izvršiti invaziju na Japanski arhipelag, nakon brzog osvajanja Mandžurije i južnog Sahalina.

1941. godine su - nastojeći osigurati svoje snage za važnije izazove koje je pred njih stavljao veliki rat koji se razbuktao svijetom - Sovjetski Savez i Japan su se dogovorili o uzajamnom nenapadanju, te je 13. travnja 1941. god. u Moskvi sklopljen Sovjetsko-Japanski pakt o neutralnosti. Obje strane su se tijekom čitavog II. svjetskog rata pridržavale toga pakta sve do 1945. godine, te se japanska mornarica dosljedno suzdržavala čak i od napadanja brodovlja Sjedinjenih Američkih Država - u vrijeme kada su Japan i SAD bili u ogorčenom ratu - koje je prevozilo ratnu pomoć u Sovjetski Savez. SSSR će započeti vojne aktivnosti protiv Japana tek u kolovozu 1945. godine, nakon što je rat u Europi već bio završio, i nakon što su SAD već bile bacile atomsku bombu na Hirošimu.

Prije toga, Sovjetski Savez je 5. travnja 1945. informirao Japan da razvrgava Sovjetsko-Japanski pakt o neutralnosti iz 1941. godine, u vrijeme kada je - upravo u svrhu pripremanja rata protiv Japana - od veljače 1945. godine bilo provođeno opremanje sovjetske ratne mornarice sa 150 američkih rabljenih ratnih brodova, uz obuku 12.000 sovjetskih mornara u bazi Fort Randall na Aljaski. Dana 8. kolovoza 2022. će sovjetska mornarica pokrenuti ratne operacije protiv Japana u vodama oko Sahalina i na području Kurilskih otoka.

Nakon što je već bila bačena atomska bomba na Hirošimu (6. kolovoza 1945. god.) je Sovjetski Savez je sa snagom od 76 divizija kopnene vojske započeo invaziju Mandžurije; dobro pripremljena operacija je brzo potisnula japanske snage iz tog dijela Kine. Potiskujući japanske snage, Crvena armija je pod svoju okupaciju stavila sjeverne dijelove Koreje; približno današnje područje DNR Koreje.

Izvori

Literatura

 Bitke u Drugom svjetskom ratu
Japanske bitke u Drugom svjetskom ratu
Sovjetske bitke u Drugom svjetskom ratu

Sovjetska invazija na Mandžuriju


John Hinch (19. lipnja 1947. – 29. travnja 2021.) bio je britanski bubnjar iz Lichfielda. Svirao je na albumu Rocka Rolla sastava Judas Priest. Također je bio član skupina Hiroshima i Bakerloo.

Životopis
Svirao je s rock-sastavima iz Birminghama kao što The Pinch, The Generation i Bakerloo. Uz Roba Halforda bio je član sastava Hiroshima.

Godine 1973. s Robom Halfordom pridružio se sastavu Judas Priest. Godine 1974. objavljen je prvi studijski album, Rocka Rolla. Napustio je sastav 1975.

Hinch je preminuo 29. travnja 2021. u 74. godini života.

Diskografija
Judas Priest (1973. – 1975.)
Rocka Rolla (1974.)
The Best of Judas Priest (1977.)

Izvori

Britanski bubnjari heavy metala

John Hinch


A hybrid system is a dynamical system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior – a system that can both flow (described by a differential equation) and jump (described by a state machine or automaton). Often, the term "hybrid dynamical system" is used, to distinguish over hybrid systems such as those that combine neural nets and fuzzy logic, or electrical and mechanical drivelines.  A hybrid system has the benefit of encompassing a larger class of systems within its structure, allowing for more flexibility in modeling dynamic phenomena.

In general, the state of a hybrid system is defined by the values of the continuous variables and a discrete mode. The state changes either continuously, according to a flow condition, or discretely according to a control graph.  Continuous flow is permitted as long as so-called invariants hold, while discrete transitions can occur as soon as given jump conditions are satisfied. Discrete transitions may be associated with events.

Examples

Hybrid systems have been used to model several cyber-physical systems, including physical systems with impact, logic-dynamic controllers, and even Internet congestion.

Bouncing ball
A canonical example of a hybrid system is the bouncing ball, a physical system with impact.  Here, the ball (thought of as a point-mass) is dropped from an initial height and bounces off the ground, dissipating its energy with each bounce.  The ball exhibits continuous dynamics between each bounce; however, as the ball impacts the ground, its velocity undergoes a discrete change modeled after an inelastic collision.  A mathematical description of the bouncing ball follows.  Let  be the height of the ball and  be the velocity of the ball.  A hybrid system describing the ball is as follows:

When , flow is governed by
,
where  is the acceleration due to gravity.  These equations state that when the ball is above ground, it is being drawn to the ground by gravity.

When , jumps are governed by
,
where  is a dissipation factor.  This is saying that when the height of the ball is zero (it has impacted the ground), its velocity is reversed and decreased by a factor of .  Effectively, this describes the nature of the inelastic collision.

The bouncing ball is an especially interesting hybrid system, as it exhibits Zeno behavior.  Zeno behavior has a strict mathematical definition, but can be described informally as the system making an infinite number of jumps in a finite amount of time. In this example, each time the ball bounces it loses energy, making the subsequent jumps (impacts with the ground) closer and closer together in time.

It is noteworthy that the dynamical model is complete if and only if one adds the contact force between the ground and the ball. Indeed, without forces, one cannot properly define the bouncing ball and the model is, from a mechanical point of view, meaningless. The simplest contact model that represents the interactions between the ball and the ground, is the complementarity relation between the force and the distance (the gap) between the ball and the ground. This is written as

Such a contact model does not incorporate magnetic forces, nor gluing effects. When the complementarity relations are in, one can continue to integrate the system after the impacts have accumulated and vanished: the equilibrium of the system is well-defined as the static equilibrium of the ball on the ground, under the action of gravity compensated by the contact force . One also notices from basic convex analysis that the complementarity relation can equivalently be rewritten as the inclusion into a normal cone, so that the bouncing ball dynamics is a differential inclusion into a normal cone to a convex set. See Chapters 1, 2 and 3 in Acary-Brogliato's book cited below (Springer LNACM 35, 2008). See also the other references on non-smooth mechanics.

Hybrid systems verification
There are approaches to automatically proving properties of hybrid systems (e.g., some of the tools mentioned below). Common techniques for proving safety of hybrid systems are computation of reachable sets, abstraction refinement, and barrier certificates.

Most verification tasks are undecidable, making general verification algorithms impossible. Instead, the tools are analyzed for their capabilities on benchmark problems. A possible theoretical characterization of this is algorithms that succeed with hybrid systems verification in all robust cases implying that many problems for hybrid systems, while undecidable, are at least quasi-decidable.

Other modeling approaches
Two basic hybrid system modeling approaches can be classified, an implicit and an explicit one. The explicit approach is often represented by a hybrid automaton, a hybrid program or a hybrid Petri net. The implicit approach is often represented by guarded equations to result in systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) where the active equations may change, for example by means of a hybrid bond graph.

As a unified simulation approach for hybrid system analysis, there is a method based on DEVS formalism in which integrators for differential equations are quantized into atomic DEVS models. These methods generate traces of system behaviors in discrete event system manner which are different from discrete time systems. Detailed of this approach can be found in references [Kofman2004] [CF2006] [Nutaro2010] and the software tool PowerDEVS.

Software Tools

Simulation
 HyEQ Toolbox: Hybrid system solver for MATLAB and Simulink
 PowerDEVS: General-purpose tool for DEVS (Discrete Event System) modeling and simulation oriented to the simulation of hybrid systems

Reachability
 Ariadne: C++ library for (numerically rigorous) reachability analysis of nonlinear hybrid systems
 CORA: A MATLAB Toolbox for reachability analysis of cyber-physical systems, including hybrid systems
 Flow*: A tool for reachability analysis of nonlinear hybrid systems
 HyCreate: A tool for overapproximating reachability of hybrid automata
 HyPro: C++ library for state set representations for hybrid systems reachability analysis
 JuliaReach: A toolbox for set-based reachability

Temporal Logic and Other Verification
 C2E2: Nonlinear hybrid system verifier
 HyTech: Model checker for hybrid systems
 HSolver: Verification tool for hybrid systems
 KeYmaera: Theorem prover for hybrid systems
 PHAVer: Polyhedral hybrid automaton verifier
 S-TaLiRo: MATLAB toolbox for verification of hybrid systems with respect to temporal logic specifications

Other
 SCOTS: Tool for the synthesis of correct-by-construction controllers for hybrid systems
 SpaceEx: State-space explorer

See also
 Hybrid automaton
 Sliding mode control
 Variable structure system
 Variable structure control
 Joint spectral radius
 Cyber-physical system
 Behavior trees (artificial intelligence, robotics and control)
 Jump process (in the context of probability), an example of a (stochastic) hybrid system with zero flow component
 Piecewise-deterministic Markov process (PDMP), an example of a (stochastic) hybrid system and a generalization of the jump process
 Jump diffusion, an example of a (stochastic) hybrid system and a generalization of the PDMP

Further reading

 [Kofman2004]
 [CF2006]
 [Nutaro2010]

External links
IEEE CSS Committee on Hybrid Systems

References

Systems theory
Differential equations
Dynamical systems
Control theory

Hybrid system


Mostovskói  es un asentamiento de tipo urbano, centro administrativo del raión de Mostovskói del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla izquierda del río Labá, afluente del Kubán, en el límite septentrional del Gran Cáucaso, 157 km al sudeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Del otro lado del río se halla la stanitsa Zásovskaya.

Tenía 25 075 habitantes en 2010. Es cabeza del municipio Mostovskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Vesioli, Vysoki, Pervomaiski, Proletarski y Sadovi.

Historia

La localidad fue fundada como el selo Mostovskoye el 15 de febrero de 1894 sobre el emplazamiento de un aul, cuyos habitantes habían emigrado a Turquía. Su nombre tiene origen en un puente  sobre el río Labá al oeste del cual se construyó la localidad. En 1900 se construyeron dos escuelas y en 1904 una iglesia de madera. Hasta 1920 fue parte del otdel de Maikop del óblast de Kubán. Tras la Primera Guerra Mundial, el poder soviético se instaura en el selo en 1918, organizándose un comité revolucionario. Tras cambiar de manos en la Guerra civil rusa, en 1920 las tropas blancas son expulsadas del lugar. En 1922 fue creado el consejo rural. Fue designada centro administrativo de raión entre 1924 y 1928 y entre 1935 y 1953. En 1930 se completó la colectivización de las tierras de la localidad en el koljós Zavety Ilichá. Desde este período se desarrolla rápidamente. En diciembre de 1936 se inició la construcción del ferrocarril Labinsk-Mostovskói-Shedok. Durante la Gran Guerra Patria fue ocupada por la Wehrmacht de la Alemania Nazi en agosto de 1942 y liberada por el Ejército Rojo de la Unión Soviética en febrero de 1943. En su retirada, las tropas alemanas destruyeron parte de la localidad, sus industrias y servicios, así como el puente sobre el Labá, que fueron reconstruidos. En la década de 1950 se desarrolló la industria maderera y de la construcción. En 1961 su estatus fue promovido a asentamiento de tipo urbano. En 1975 fue nuevamente designado centro administrativo del raión homónimo del krai de Krasnodar.

Demografía

Composición étnica

De los 25 478 habitantes que tenía en 2002, el 93 % era de etnia rusa, el 2.5 % era de etnia ucraniana, el 0.8 % era de etnia armenia, el 0.7 % era de etnia adigué, el 0.4 % era de etnia bielorrusa, el 0.4 % era de etnia alemana, el 0.2 % era de etnia georgiana, el 0.2 % era de etnia tártara, el 0.2 % era de etnia gitana, el 0.1 % era de etnia griega y el 0.1 % era de etnia azerí

Economía y transporte

La principal actividad económica de la localidad es la transformación de productos agrícolas.

La localidad cuenta con una estación (Mostovskaya) en el ferrocarril Kurgáninsk-Psebai. La carretera R256 Maikop-Karacháyevsk pasa por la localidad

Personalidades

 Román Pavliuchenko (*1981), futbolista ruso.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Мостовской.
 Página web sobre la localidad .
 Mostovskói en la Gran Enciclopedia Soviética .
  .
 Mapa topográfico soviético en maps.vlasenko.net.

Localidades establecidas en 1894

Mostovskói


ඊළාම් යනු දකුණු ආසියානු රාජ්‍යයක් වූ ලංකා දිවයින හැඳින්වීමෙහිලා අතීතයේ භාවිතා වූවේ යැයි පැවසෙන දෙමළ නාමය වේ.ඊලාම් (දමිළ: තාලාම්) යනු දකුණු ආසියානු දිවයිනේ දෙමළ නාමයයි. එය දැන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ඊළාම්


Alcide Bontou ( - ) est un cuisinier et professeur de cuisine bordelais connu pour son traité de cuisine bourgeoise bordelaise initialement paru en 1898 et réédité près d'une dizaine de fois.

Biographie
Alcide Bontou est né Jean-Félix Desplanques à Bordeaux en avril 1835.

Activité de restaurateur
Le père d'Alcide Bontou était lui aussi restaurateur et tenait le restaurant familial situé au 64 de la rue de la Porte Dijeaux. En 1850, l'entreprise est déclarée en faillite.

Mais l'activité perdure et à partir des années 1860, Alcide Bontou travaille avec son père. En juin 1866, les parents de Bontou achètent l'immeuble mitoyen au 66 de la même rue. En 1888, selon le Guides Joanne consacré à Bordeaux, le restaurant occupe les deux numéros de la rue et Alcide Bontou est le « fils ainé, propriétaire ». Bontou et fils sont régulièrement présentés aux expositions internationales : exposition universelle de 1876 à Philadelphie ou l'exposition universelle de 1878 à Paris où ils reçoivent une médaille de bronze pour leurs conserves de gibiers et de cèpes.

En 1874 il fonde le syndicat des hôteliers, limonadiers et restaurateurs de Bordeaux et du sud-ouest dont il devient le premier président.

Il déménage ensuite à Paris, où il sera le brillant second d'Adolphe Dugléré au Café Anglais. Il revendique d'avoir introduit  à Paris dans les années 1880 la consommation de cèpes, bien que la recette « à la bordelaise » (huile et ail) ne rencontre que peu de succès à la capitale.

Publications
En 1898, Bontou est à l'origine du premier recueil de recettes régionales bordelaises avec la parution aux éditions Féret de Traité de cuisine bourgeoise bordelaise. Malgré ce que peut laisser penser son titre, l'ouvrage recense essentiellement des recettes nationales. Seules 4% des recettes comportent une appellation régionale, et le chiffre descend même à 2,4% pour les recettes « à la bordelaise ». De la même manière, l'adjectif bourgeoise n'est pas à prendre au pied de la lettre, Bontou s'attachant dans cet ouvrage à enseigner les clés d'une alimentation familiale et conseillant à la lectrice, pour les mets les plus élaborés, de faire appel à un traiteur. Ce traité fait partie des ouvrages les plus populaires concernant la Cuisine du Sud-Ouest.

En 1907, il publie avec la Société nouvelle des pêcheries à vapeur l'ouvrage soixante recettes de poissons. Cette même année, La Petite Gironde édite une version simplifiée du recueil sous le titre Traité de cuisine bourgeoise : simplifiée et pratique. En 1914, l'éditeur revendique avoir vendu  exemplaires de cet ouvrage.

En 1910, il est au sommaire du numéro de Tourny-Noël.

Enseignement de la cuisine

Cuisine domestique
Alcide Bontou dispense des cours de cuisine gratuits sous l'égide de la municipalité de Bordeaux et de la Société philomathique de Bordeaux. Son traité de cuisine bourgeoise bordelaise est d'ailleurs dédicacé à .

En octobre 1897 commencent à la société philomathique de Bordeaux ses « classes de cuisine ménagère » qui se tiennent tous les dimanches.

En 1900 c'est à la salle de l'Athénée que débutent ses cours de cuisine ménagère. Le premier cours a pour sujet : « Rissoles de ménage et gâteau de noisettes ».

Tout à sa volonté de promouvoir la cuisine, Bontou est régulièrement membre de jurys de concours culinaires. Que ce soit pour les étudiants et étudiantes de ses classes ou en prenant la présidence du jury d'un concours organisé en 1902 à Bordeaux. En 1909, on le retrouve aux côtés de Nicolas Marguery, Prosper Montagné, Augusta Moll-Weiss et Charles Driessens dans le jury d'un concours organisé par la marque Liebig.

Cuisine régimentaire
Au début du  il milite pour la mise en place de cours de cuisine au sein des casernes militaires. Sa proposition se concrétise avec l'autorisation donnée en 1903 par le général commandant le 18e corps d'armée d'organiser des leçons pratiques de cuisine à destination des soldats au sein de Caserne Xaintrailles. En 1905, le ministre de la guerre Maurice Berteaux visitant la caserne et s'étonnant de la qualité des menus proposés aux soldats se voit présenter l'expérience mise en place par Bontou. Il commande alors à ce dernier un rapport en vue d'étendre l'expérimentation.

Ce rapport donne lieu le 26 décembre 1905 à la publication d'une « circulaire relative à la formation des cuisiniers régimentaires » signée d'Eugène Étienne, ministre de la Guerre de l'époque. Ce dernier envoie à cette occasion ses remerciements à Bontou, . Malgré la mise en place d'une allocation mensuelle pouvant atteindre 15 francs, Bontou peine à recruter des soldats qui considèrent la cuisine comme une « basse besogne ».

Mort
Il meurt le 30 juillet 1912 dans sa propriété de Pessac. Ses obsèques ont lieu le  août 1912 en présence d'une très nombreuse assistance parmi laquelle se trouve le maire de Bordeaux, Charles Gruet. Bontou est inhumé au Cimetière de la Chartreuse.

Réception et postérité
Selon Curnonsky, Bontou est « un grand chef et un fin gourmet » et son traité un « véritable monument d'érudition gastronomique ». D'autres commentateurs n'hésitent pas à le surnommer le « Vatel bordelais ».

En 2014 la ville de Pessac lui rend hommage en nommant une esplanade du quartier Arago : esplanade Alcide Bontou.

Bibliographie

 Traité de cuisine bourgeoise bordelaise, aux éditions Féret
 1 édition, 1898
 3 édition, 1910, Éditions Féret (Bordeaux), L. Mulo (Paris)
 6 édition, 1929, Éditions Féret
 7 édition, 1977, Éditions Féret, refondue par Claude Féret et augmentée d'autres recettes du chef bordelais
 1998 : édition complétée et réactualisée (termes, quantités, temps de cuisson) parue à l'occasion du centenaire de l'édition originale. Sous le titre Traité de cuisine bordelaise.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Cuisinier français
Naissance en avril 1835
Décès en juillet 1912
Décès à Pessac
Naissance à Bordeaux
Décès à 77 ans

Alcide Bontou


Le Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron Four-Eight ( HELMARSTRIKERON 48 ou HSM-48), également connu sous le nom de "Vipers", est un escadron d'hélicoptères de l'US Navy de la Base navale de Mayport en Floride. L'escadron expéditionnaire se déploie à bord de croiseurs, destroyers, frégates et de porte-avions à l'appui d'un groupe aéronaval pilotant le SH-60 Seahawk. L'escadron avait été créé sous le nom d'Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron (Light) Forty Eight (HSL-48) le .

Mission

Le HSM-48 déploie des hélicoptères du programme Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) sur des navires de guerre de la marine américaine effectuant des missions de recherche et sauvetage, de ravitaillement vertical, d'évacuation sanitaire, de relais de communication et de combat. Le HSM-48 se déploie actuellement à bord des navires de la flotte de l'Atlantique. L'escadron relève directement du commandant de la Naval Air Force Atlantic.

Transition du HSL-48
Le HSL-48 a été renommé HSM-46 le  à la Base navale de Mayport. Le changement reflétait leur transition de l'utilisation du SH-60B au MH-60R, ainsi que d'un escadron expéditionnaire basé sur un détachement à l'appui d'une escadre aérienne de porte-avions.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 Carrier Air Wing Seven
 Histoire de l'United States Navy

Liens externes
 HSM-48 Site airlant.usff.navy.mil
 HSM-48 - Site seaforces.org

Helicopter maritime strike squadron de l'United States Navy

HSM-48


Dwight David Yoakam (d. 23 Ekim 1956, Kentucky), Amerikalı müzisyen, şarkı sözü yazarı ve oyuncu.

Diskografi

Tam albümler
 Guitars, Cadillacs, Etc. Etc. (Oak, 1984) - Bağımsız
 Guitars, Cadillacs, Etc. Etc. (Warner/Reprise, 1986)
 Hillbilly Deluxe (Reprise, 1987)
 Buenas Noches From a Lonely Room (Reprise, 1988)
 If There Was a Way (Reprise, 1990)
 This Time (Reprise, 1993)
 Dwight Live (Reprise, 1995)
 Gone (Reprise, 1995)
 Come On Christmas (Reprise, 1997)
 Under the Covers (Reprise, 1997)
 A Long Way Home (Reprise, 1998)
 dwightyoakamacoustic.net (Reprise, 2000)
 Tomorrow's Sounds Today (Reprise, 2000)
 South of Heaven, West of Hell (Soundtrack) (Warner, 2001)
 Population Me (Warner, 2003)
 In Others' Words (Reprise, 2003)
 Dwight's Used Records (Koch, 2004)
 Blame the Vain (New West, 2005)
 Live from Austin, Tx (New West, 2005)

Singlelar
 Honky Tonk Man (1986)
 Guitars, Cadillacs (1986)
 Little Sister (1987)
 Little Ways (1987)
 Please, Please Baby (1987)
 Streets Of Bakersfield (Buck Owens ile düet) (1988)
 I Sang Dixie (1988)
 I Got You (1989)
 Long White Cadillac (1989)
 Turn It On, Turn It Up, Turn Me Loose (1990)
 You're The One (1991)
 It Only Hurts When I Cry (1991)
 Nothing's Changed Here (1992)
 Send a Message to My Heart (Patty Loveless ile düet) (1992)
 Suspicious Minds (1992)
 Ain't That Lonely Yet (1993)
 A Thousand Miles From Nowhere (1993)
 Fast As You (1993)
 Try Not To Look So Pretty (1994)
 Pocket of a Clown (1994)
 Nothing (1995)
 Gone (That'll Be Me) (1996)
 Sorry You Asked (1995)
 Things Change (1998)
 These Arms (1998)
 Crazy Little Thing Called Love (1999)
 Thinking About Leaving (1999)
 I Want You To Want Me (2000)
 What Do You Know About Love (2000)
 The Back Of Your Hand (2003)
 The Late Great Golden State (2003)
 Intentional Heartache (2005)
 Blame The Vain (2005)

Greatest hits albümler
 Just Lookin' For a Hit (Reprise, 1989)
 This Is... (Warner-Japan, 1990) [import]
 L'Croix D'Amour (Warner-France, 1992) [import]
 Last Chance For a Thousand Years: Dwight Yoakam's Greatest Hits From the '90s (Reprise, 1999)
 The Very Best of Dwight Yoakam (Reprise, 2004)
 Here & There: The Essential Dwight Yoakam (Rhino, 2006)

Filmografi

 Red Rock West (1992)
 Roswell (1994)
 A Painted Hero (1995)
 Sling Blade (1996)
 The Newton Boys (1998)
 When Trumpets Fade (1998) (televizyon)
 South of Heaven, West of Hell (2001) (Director, writer, lead actor and musical score)
 Panic Room (2002)
 Hollywood Homicide (2003)
 Wedding Crashers (2005)
 The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005)
 Bandidas (2006)
 Crank (2006)
 Crank 2: High Voltage (2009)
 Liberating Paris (Hazırlık aşamasında)

Kaynakça

 İngilizce Vikipedi Dwight Yoakam maddesi (17 Ekim 2006)

Dış bağlantılar
 Dwight Yoakam Resmi web sitesi
 Diskografi
 Dwight Albümleri

1956 doğumlular
Amerikalı erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
Amerikalı erkek sinema oyuncuları
Yaşayan insanlar
20. yüzyıl erkek şarkıcıları
21. yüzyıl erkek şarkıcıları
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı şarkıcılar
Amerikalı erkek gitaristler
Amerikalı akustik gitaristler
Amerikalı country gitaristleri
Amerikalı erkek şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları

Dwight Yoakam


The year 1738 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy
 Pierre Louis Maupertuis publishes Sur la figure de la terre, which confirms Newton's view that the Earth is an oblate spheroid slightly flattened at the poles.

Botany
 Publication of Hortus Cliffortianus, a detailed description by Linnaeus of George Clifford's gardens at Hartekamp, Netherlands, including the raising of exotic plants such as bananas in a greenhouse.
 Publication of Rariorum Africanarum plantarum, a flora of Cape Colony by Johannes Burman, begins publication in Amsterdam.

Mathematics
 Abraham de Moivre publishes the second English edition of his The Doctrine of Chances containing a study of the coefficients in the binomial expansion of .

Medicine
 February – Great Plague of 1738, an outbreak of bubonic plague, begins to spread from Banat across central Europe.
 Establishment of The Mineral Water Hospital in Bath, England.

Metallurgy
 July 1 – William Champion of Bristol patents a process to distill zinc from calamine using charcoal in a smelter.

Technology
 June 24 – Lewis Paul and John Wyatt obtain a British patent for roller cotton-spinning machinery.
 Jacques de Vaucanson presents the world's first automaton, The Flute Player (1737) to the French Academy of Sciences.
 Black Forest clockmaker Franz Ketterer produces one of the earliest cuckoo clocks.

Awards
 Copley Medal: James Valoue

Births
 November 15 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (died 1822)

Deaths
 June 21 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, English agriculturalist (born 1674)
 September 23 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch physician (born 1668)

References

18th century in science
1730s in science

1738 in science


An Glomera carolinensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Louis Otho Otto Williams. An Glomera carolinensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Glomera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Glomera

Glomera carolinensis


Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban (Bangladeş Ulusal Meclis Binası), Bangladeş'in Milli Meclis Binası'dır ve başkent Dakka'da yer alır. Louis I. Kahn tarafından inşa edilen yapı mimari bir başyapıttır ve dünyanın en büyük yasama komplekslerinden biridir.

Tarihi bilgiler
Bangladeş'te sekiz ulusal seçim yapılmıştır. İlk ve ikinci Meclisler ilgili seçimlerin sonucu olarak oluşturulmuştur ve şu anda Başbakan'ın Ofisi olarak kullanılan eski Sangsad Bhabanı kullanmışlardır.

Şu anda kullanılan Sangsad Bhaban ikinci Meclis tarafından inşa edilmiş ve kullanıma açılmıştır. İnşaat 28 Şubat 1982'de bitirilmiştir ve ikinci Meclis'in sekizinci ve son oturumu aynı yıl 15 Şubat'ta yapılmıştır. Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban bu tarihten itibaren kullanımdadır ve Ulusal Meclis tarafından kullanılan tek kompleks olmuştur.

Bilgiler
 İnşaat başlangıç tarihi: 1961
 İnşaat ve tasarım : Tk. 129 crore (26,5 milyon dolar)
 Açılış töreni: 28 Şubat 1982
 Mimar: Louis I. Kahn
 Toplam alan: 200 dönüm (800,000 m²)
 Yer: Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dakka
 Meclis Sayısı: 7 (yedi)

Mimari ve tasarım
Milli Meclis olarak kullanılan binalar arasında Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban en iyi tasarlanmış ve en geniş hacme sahip olanlardan biridir. Bina bir Meclis'in gereken tüm ihtiyaçlarını karşılar ve estetiğe çok dikkat eder. Mimarisinin en iyi yanlarından biri tüm binanın dışarıdan bir büyük yapı olarak görünmesine karşın içeride yedi kat ve yedi ek binaya sahip oluşudur.

Louis Kahn ayrıca kompleksin geri kalanını da tasarlamıştır. Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban tüm Jatiya Sangsad kompleksinin bir parçasıdır ve çimenlik, göl ve Meclis Üyeleri'inin (MPler) konutlarını içerir.

Konum ve ana plan
Yerleşim yeri Sher-e-Bangla Nagar'da yer alır ve dört ana cadde ile çevrilidir:

 Güney yönünde Lake Road;
 Doğu yönünde Rokeya Sarani;
 Güney yönünde Manik Mia Avenue; ve
 Batı yönünde Mirpur Road.

Sonuç olarak komplekse erişim kolaydır ve yönetilebilirdir (parlamento oturumları sırasında).

Ana bina (Bhaban) üç bölüme ayrılmıştır:

 Ana Plaza: 76,000 m&sup2
 Güney Plaza: 21,000 m&sup2
 Başkanlık Plaza: 6,000 m&sup2

Ana bina kompleksin merkezindedir. Kompleksin dış bölümlerinde MP konutları ve acil durum binaları bulunur. Aradaki boşluk ana binayı ve iki çimenliği çevreleyen karışık tasarımlı bir göl ile doldurulmuştur.

Tasarım felsefesi
Anahtar tasarım felsefesi alanı en iyi şekilde kullanmak ancak Bangladeş kültürel mirasını mimari yoluyla açıkça temsil eden bir yapı oluşturmaktı. Mimari, doğanın parıltısından ve hiddetinden korunma amaçlı temel insani gereksiniminden doğmuştur.

Galeri

Dış bağlantılar
 Bangladeş Parlamentosu Yasama Bilgi Merkezi

Bangladeş hükûmeti
Bangladeş'teki yapılar
Bangladeş'in ulusal sembolleri
Bangladeş'teki görülecek yerler
Louis Kahn'ın eserleri
Dakka
Modern mimarlık
20. yüzyılda Bangladeş'te kurulan oluşumlar
1961'de tamamlanan yapılar
1982'de tamamlanan yapılar

Bangladeş Ulusal Meclis Binası


La temporada 1986-1987 de la Japan Soccer League fue el vigésimo segundo campeonato de Primera División del fútbol japonés organizado por la Japan Soccer League. El torneo se desarrolló en una rueda de todos contra todos, desde el 25 de octubre de 1986 y el 17 de mayo de 1987.

Este Campeonato se caracterizó por una acalorada pelea en la parte superior de muchos equipos, especialmente el revivir Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , los actuales campeones Furukawa Electric (que en el transcurso de la temporada se convertirá en el primer equipo japonés en ganar el Campeonato de Clubes de Asia), el subcampeón Nippon Kokan y un renovado Yomiuri. Estos dos equipos llegaron en la última jornada, en el nivel superior en los puntos: la mejor diferencia de goles se otorgará por tercera vez, beneficiando el Yomiuri.

El campeón fue el Yomiuri Club, por tercera vez en su historia.

Primera División

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Segunda División

El Sumitomo regresó a la máxima categoría, seguido del Toyota Motors, que había estado luchando desde su descenso en 1977 y estuvo a punto de caer fuera de la Liga. El TDK y el Kyoto Police Dept. por el contrario a las divisiones regionales; el primero no regresaría a Segunda sino hasta 2021.

Primera Etapa

Este

Oeste

Segunda Etapa

Grupo de Ascenso

Grupos de Descenso

Este

Oeste

Desempate de posiciones

Enlaces externos
 Estadísticas de liga

Japón en 1987
Fútbol en 1987
Temporadas de la Japan Soccer League

Japan Soccer League 1986-1987


The VI Corps was activated as VI Army Corps in August 1918 at Neufchâteau, France, serving in the Lorraine Campaign. Constituted in the Organized Reserves in 1921, it was allotted to the Regular Army in 1933 and activated on 1 August 1940 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. VI Corps took part in some of the most high-profile operations in World War II.

By war's end it was part of the Seventh Army of the 6th Army Group. In early May 1945 its 103d Infantry Division, which had raced south through Bavaria into Innsbruck, Austria, met up with troops of the 349th Infantry, 88th Division in Vipiteno in the Italian Alps.

History

World War I
The VI Corps was activated as VI Army Corps on 1 August 1918 at Neufchâteau, France. It served in the Lorraine Campaign (campaign streamer awarded). VI Corps commanders during World War I were Major General Omar Bundy, from 26 August through 12 September 1918; Major General Charles C. Ballou, from 23 October 1918 through 10 November 1918; Major General Charles T. Menoher, from 10 November 1918 (commanding corps at termination of hostilities). Major General Adelbert Cronkhite commanded from January to April, 1919. The corps was demobilized on 11 April 1919, at Villerupt, France. (Army Almanac, Stackpole, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, 1958, p. 645)

Inter-War Period
The VI Corps was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves on 29 July 1921, and was organized in March 1922 at Chicago, Illinois, in the Sixth Corps Area, responsible for the 6th, 32nd, and 33rd Divisions. It was withdrawn from the Organized Reserves on 1 October 1933 and allotted to the Regular Army. The corps was activated on 1 August 1940 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. The future-Abwehr agent Oscar C. Pfaus served in VI corps during the 1920s.

World War II

Italy
The VI Corps took part in some of the most high-profile operations in World War II. The corps, commanded by Major General Ernest J. Dawley, first saw combat during the Allied invasion of Italy when it landed at Salerno on 9 September 1943, along with the British X Corps, under the command of the U.S. Fifth Army as part of Operation Avalanche. The stiffness of the German defences sorely tested the VI Corps and it suffered heavy casualties before German attempts to throw the Americans back into the sea were thwarted by the artillery of the 45th "Thunderbird" and 36th" Arrowhead" Infantry Divisions, strongly supported by naval gunfire, bombing and the approach of British Eighth Army from the south. Major General Dawley was replaced after the battle, as he was judged to be worn out. He was replaced by Major General John Lucas.

From October to December 1943 VI Corps was involved in a bruising and bloody slog advancing from Naples up the Italian peninsula against the determined rearguard defence of the German 10th Army which skillfully took great advantage of the favorable terrain in organising successive lines of prepared defenses (Volturno Line, Barbara Line and Bernhardt Line). At the end of December, after heavy fighting on the Bernhardt Line (the forward defenses of the formidable Winter Line defenses) without a breakthrough, VI Corps was taken out of the line in an attempt to find a solution to the problem. In its second amphibious assault of the war, it came ashore at Anzio, south of Rome in Operation Shingle in January 1944 which was planned to threaten the rear lines of supply and communication of the German 10th Army. At first German resistance was negligible. However, Major General Lucas felt he needed to consolidate his beachhead before breaking out. This gave the Germans critical time to concentrate forces against him. Another bloody stalemate ensued, with the corps almost being driven back into the sea for the second time in Italy, again being rescued by naval and air power. When the stalemate was finally broken in the spring of 1944, the corps had lost another commander; Lucas was sacked for his poor performance and replaced by Major General Lucian Truscott, previously the commander of the 3rd Infantry Division. VI Corps also commanded units of the British Army during its time at Anzio, the British 1st Infantry Division, from 20 January until 21 May, and the British 2nd Commando Brigade and later, in mid-February, the British 56th Infantry Division and, from late March until 22 May, the British 5th Infantry Division.

When the corps broke out during Operation Diadem, it was ordered by the Fifth Army commander, Lieutenant General Mark Clark, northwest up the coast towards Rome instead of advancing northeast to block the German line of retreat from Cassino on the Gustav Line, leading to prolonged and bloody combat before it was taken by a combination of American, British, Canadian, French, and Polish troops. By disobeying his orders Clark received the glory of capturing the vacant Italian capital–abandoned without resistance by the Germans and left an open city–but was castigated by his peers and superiors for failing to trap and destroy the German forces. This, along with the poor performance at Anzio, would cast a shadow over the reputation of the corps.

Southern France
Following the capture of Rome, VI Corps again left the line, and again prepared for an amphibious assault, its third and last of the war. Operation Dragoon was aimed at capturing southern France, and VI Corps provided the assault troops, coming under Seventh Army. The landing, on 15 August 1944, was not opposed with much fervor, with allied casualties estimated at 95 killed and 385 wounded for the first day. German forces, by comparison, lost over 2,000 men, with the bulk taken prisoner. Fearing their forces in southern France would be caught in a squeeze between the U.S. Seventh Army and allied forces advancing eastward from Normandy, the Germans began a strategic retreat toward the north.

Wishing to avoid a repeat of the Anzio landings, elements of VI Corps moved north rapidly while the beachhead was consolidated. These units established a commanding position over the main route of German retreat near the town of Montelimar. Combat raged for a week over control of the main road through Montelimar with the Germans bent on escape but taking significant losses from U.S. artillery fire. When the Battle of Montelimar ended on 28 August 1944, the Germans had suffered 2,100 battle casualties plus 8,000 POWs, while the Americans had 1,575 casualties.

Vosges Mountains
The liberation of southern France occurred rapidly, with the corps taking Besançon on 7 September 1944, and fighting its way into Vesoul less than one week later. In mid-September, the character of the fighting changed from the pursuit operations of southern France to a grinding advance against firm German resistance in the Vosges Mountains of eastern France. VI Corps liberated Epinal on 25 September 1944 and pushed on to Bruyères in mid-October 1944. The drive on Saint-Dié ensued but required a month of agonizingly slow advances in the rough terrain of the Vosges. On 25 October 1944, Major General Edward H. Brooks assumed command of the corps when Truscott was promoted to take command of U.S. 5th Army in Italy. VI Corps completed its fight through the Vosges at the end of November, 1944, and moved onto the plains of Alsace.

Alsace
In the first two weeks of December, 1944, the corps liberated Sélestat and Hagenau and advanced to the German border. The German offensive into the Ardennes on 16 December 1944, forced a major redeployment of allied armies south of the Ardennes, and like the rest of the U.S. Seventh Army, the VI Corps assumed a defensive stance. At this time, the corps held the front between Bitche and the Rhine River.

During the German's Operation Nordwind (Unternehmen Nordwind), VI Corps was assaulted by elements of four German corps in the first week of January 1945, and the corps was forced to give ground in bitter winter fighting until 25 January 1945. While fighting was heavy all through the corps' front, the units of the corps took especially heavy losses in and around the Bas-Rhin towns of Herrlisheim and Drusenheim. The U.S. Seventh Army counter-attacked in the last week of January, 1945, and VI Corps recaptured lost ground north of Strasbourg until its attacks were halted by flooded ground near the Rhine River in mid-February, 1945.

Germany and Austria
The VI Corps resumed its advance in mid-March, 1945, reaching the German border for the second time. By the end of March, 1945, the corps had assaulted and pierced the Siegfried Line in the Wissembourg Gap and the Bienwald Forest, and driven to the Rhine River north of Karlsruhe. After crossing the Rhine, the corps moved toward Heilbronn in early April, 1945. Bitter resistance by Waffen SS troops, Nazi party auxiliary forces, and other German troops forced a harsh nine-day house-to-house battle, with Heilbronn being taken by the corps on 12 April 1945. Concurrently, armored units of the VI Corps were stopped and almost cut off during a heavily-fought four-day battle against SS Troops for Crailsheim that ended in a minor defeat for elements of the corps on 10 April 1945.

On 17 April 1945, the corps was ordered to move SE to the border of Switzerland. Within ten days, the corps had conquered Schwäbisch Hall, Kirchheim unter Teck, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Ulm (crossing the Danube River there), Memmingen, and Kempten. On 28 April 1945, the corps crossed into Austria near Füssen. Despite the obvious collapse of Nazi Germany, German forces continued to oppose the corps, forcing it to fight for the Fern Pass during 1–2 May 1945. On 4 May 1945, the corps occupied Innsbruck, crossed the Brenner Pass into Italy, and made contact with its old comrades of the U.S. Fifth Army. Within two days, all German forces in the region surrendered unconditionally, ending the war for VI Corps.

Campaign credits
VI Corps is credited with service in the Lorraine campaign (World War I) and with service in the Naples-Foggia (with arrowhead), Anzio (with arrowhead), Rome-Arno, Southern France (with arrowhead), Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe campaigns of World War II.

Inactivation
Headquarters, VI Corps, was redesignated Headquarters, United States Constabulary, on 1 May 1946. The corps was inactivated on 24 November 1950 in Germany. It was activated and redesignated VI Corps at Camp Atterbury, Indiana on 22 January 1951. It was inactivated on 1 April 1953 at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. Activated 22 November 1957 at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, part of the U.S. Army Reserve. Moved to Battle Creek in July 1962. The last inactivation occurred on 29 February 1968 at Battle Creek, Michigan.

Commanding generals
Maj. gen. Karl Truesdell (31 December 1940 – 15 December 1941)
Maj. gen. George Grunert (15 December 1941 – March 1942)
Maj. gen. Ernest J. Dawley (13 April 1942 – 21 September 1943)
Maj. gen. John P. Lucas (21 September 1943 – 28 February 1944)
Maj. gen. Lucian K. Truscott (28 February 1944 – 15 October 1944)
Maj. gen. Edward H. Brooks (15 October 1944 – 20 May 1945)
Maj. gen. William H. H. Morris Jr. (20 May 1945 – 30 September 1945)
Maj. gen. Withers A. Burress (30 September 1945 – 10 January 1946)
Maj. gen. Ernest N. Harmon (10 January 1946 – 1 May 1946)

Deputy Commanding generals
Maj. gen. Lucian K. Truscott (18 February 1944 – 27 February 1944)
Brig. gen. Frederic B. Butler (1 March 1944 – August 1944)

Artillery Commanders
Brig. gen. Carl A. Baehr (12 February 1944 – 8 May 1945)

Chiefs of Staff
Col. Charles W. Ryder (January 1941 – 12 January 1942)
Col. Edward M. Almond (12 January 1942 - March 1942)
Col. Don E. Carleton
Col. Laurence B. Keiser (5 December 1943 – 22 February 1944)
Col. Charles D. Palmer (October 1944 – June 1945)
Col. Theodor E. Buechler (21 November 1945 – 17 April 1946)

References

Sources
 Clark, Jeffrey J., and Smith, Robert Ross (1993). "U.S. Army in World War II, Riviera to the Rhine". Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
 Williams, Mary H., compiler (1958).  "U.S. Army in World War II, Chronology 1941–1945". Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
 Wilson, John B., compiler (1999).  "Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades". Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. .

External links

06
06
Military units and formations established in 1918
Military units and formations disestablished in 1962

VI Corps (United States)


Landskabspleje i vildtreservater er en dansk dokumentarfilm.

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Vildtreservater i Danmark

Landskabspleje i vildtreservater


Rafael Caro Quintero er en mexicansk narkosmugler og medstifter af Guadalajarakartellet.

Personer fra Mexico

Rafael Caro Quintero


Kompleks Galerije Meštrović i Atelijera Meštrović u Splitu, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 46 i 33, zaštićeno je kulturno dobro.

Opis
Građen je od 1931. do 1939. godine. Arhitekti su Ivan Meštrović, Lavoslav Horvat, Harold Bilinić, Fabijan Kaliterna, Feliks Šperac i Marin Marasović. Kompleks Galerije Meštrović jedinstven u hrvatskoj arhitekturi tridesetih godina 20.st. Neoklasicistička građevina s trijemom od jonskih stupova i vanjskim stubištem, terasastim podzidima i vrtom, građena je prema zamisli Ivana Meštrovića kao obiteljska vila ladanjskih karakteristika, ali je sa svakom novom fazom gradnje koja je trajala od 1931. – 1939. postajala i reprezentativan prostor za rad i izlaganje. U projektiranju su sudjelovali i arhitekti L. Horvat, F. Kaliterna i H. Bilinić ali je Meštrovićeva vizija, u detalju i neoklasicističkoj koncepciji cjeline, dala snažan autorski pečat. Nedjeljivi dio kompleksa je i zgrada atelijera tj. radionice za klesanje karijatida za spomenik Neznanom junaku na Avali, koju je Meštrović dao izgraditi 1935., nasuprot ulaza u vilu, s južne strane ceste. Graditelji atelijera su F. Šperac i M. Marasović.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4638 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificiranog kao profana graditeljska baština .

Izvori

Građevine u Splitu
Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Umjetnički muzeji i galerije u Hrvatskoj


Pasărea Domnului (1996) (titlu original The Sparrow) este romanul de debut al scriitoarei Mary Doria Russell. Cartea a câștigat premiile Arthur C. Clarke, James Tiptree, Jr., Kurd-Laßwitz și BSFA și a fost urmată în 1998 de romanul Children of God. Titlul face referire la Evanghelia după Matei 10:29-31, în care se spune că nicio vrabie nu va cădea pe pământ fără știrea lui Dumnezeu.

Intriga

Romanul începe în anul 2019, când programul SETI de la Observatorul Arecibo recepționează un program muzical provenit din regiunea Alfa Centauri. Prima expediție către Rakhat, lumea care a emis semnalul muzical, este organizată de Ordinul iezuit, cunoscut pentru activitățile sale lingvistice, științifice și de misionariat încă de pe vremea fondatorului său, Ignațiu de Loyola.

Doar un membru al echipajului, Părintele Emilio Sandoz, supraviețuiește pentru a reveni pe Pământ, grav afectat din punct de vedere fizic și psihic. Povestea este relatată sub forma unor episoade alternative între relatarea expediției și interogatoriul prezent asupra preotului. Revenirea lui Sandoz a aprins un conflict, nu doar pentru că iezuiții au trimis misiunea fără aprobarea Națiunilor Unite, dar și pentru finalul ei dezastruos - contactul cu misiunea Națiunilor Unite care l-a trimis pe Sandoz înapoi pe Pământ s-a pierdut.

De la început, Sandoz consideră misiunea pe Rakhat ca fiind de inspirație divină, mai ales că echipajul era format din prieteni de-ai lui, cu abilități unice, legați fiecare în diverse moduri de Arecibo. După părerea preotului, doar Dumnezeu ar fi putut aduce laolaltă o asemenea combinație perfectă de cunoștințe și experiență la data contactării unei civilizații extraterestre. Odată ajunși pe Rakhat, oamenii încearcă să se aclimatizeze, testând flora și fauna locală și stabilind contactul cu un trib rural de culegători Runa - care se dovedesc a nu fi cei care au transmis semnalul în spațiu. Primiți bine în sânul vegetarienilor, oamenii încep să le învețe limba și cultura, transmițându-și toate descoperirile către nava de pe orbită. Din nefericire, un accident al navetei de aterizare îi condamnă să rămână pe planetă.

Specia căreia îi aparțin trasmisiunile radio se dovedește a fi o alta, numită Jana'ata. Un comerciant ambițios, pe nume Supaari, vede în vizitatori o posibilitate de a-și îmbunătăți poziția socială, în timp ce aceștia speră să găsească o sursă alternativă de combustibil în orașul acestuia, Gayjur. Între timp, echipajul începe să cultive propriile recolte, învățându-i pe săteni conceptele de bază ale agriculturii. Aceste activități aparent inocente, acompaniate de neînțelegerile culturale, vor da naștere unui set de evenimente care va provoca moartea tuturor oamenilor, cu excepția lui Sandoz. Preotul devine sclavul unui faimos poet-cântăreț, ale cărui melodii atrăseseră atenția pământenilor, conformându-se unei tradiții locale care consideră o onoare starea de dependență față de cineva. Se dovedește astfel că acele cântece considerate de Sandoz a fi de inspirație divină nu erau nimic altceva decât un fel de balade pornografice.

La revenirea lui Sandoz pe Pământ, datorită relativității, mulți dintre prietenii săi nu mai trăiesc. Impresia opiniei publice legate de contactul cu civilizațiile de pe Rakhat este negativă. După ce Sandoz explică ce s-a întâmplat în realitate și care sunt implicațiile lucrurilor, vindecarea personală poate începe - atât la nivel fizic, cât și psihic.

Cuprins

 Prolog
 1. - Roma
 2. - Radiotelescopul Arecibo, Puerto Rico
 3. - Roma
 4. - Arecibo, Puerto Rico
 5. - Cleveland, Ohio
 6. - Roma și Napoli
 7. - Cleveland și San Juan
 8. - Arecibo
 9. - Napoli
 10. - San Juan, Puerto Rico

 11. - Arecibo, Puerto Rico
 12. - Pământ
 13. - Pământ
 14. - Napoli
 15. - Sistemul solar: 2021
 16. - Stella Maris
 17. - Napoli
 18. - Stella Maris
 19. - Aterizare, Rakhat
 20. - Napoli
 21. - Rakhat

 22. - Napoli
 23. - Orașul Gayjur: A doua Na'alpa
 24. - Satul Kashan și orașul Gayjur
 25. - Napoli
 26. - Satul Kashan și Marea Pădure Sudică
 27. - Satul Kashan
 28. - Napoli
 29. - Satul Kashan
 30. - Satul Kashan și orașul Gayjur
 31. - Napoli
 32. - Napoli

Pasărea Domnului și Un caz de conștiință

Pasărea Domnului prezintă similarități cu romanul SF lui James Blish Un caz de conștiință, care prezintă tot o întâlnire între un preot iezuit și o civilizație extraterestră.

Pe site-ul ei, Mary Doria Russell a făcut următoarea declarație în legătură cu aceste speculații:

Semnificație literară și primirea romanului

Nancy Pearl, critic la Library Journal, a considerat că romanul a fost încadrat greșit în genul science fiction, fiind mai degrabă "un roman filosofic despre natura binelui și a răului și ce se întâmplă atunci când un om încearcă să facă ceva bun pentru un scop nobil, dar sfârșește producânt un rău incalculabil".

În pubicația catolică Commonweal, Paul Q. Kane recunoaște că Russell a cercetat cu atenție istoria de început a misiunilor iezuite și spiritualitatea iezuită, considerând că a adus la zi cu succes povestea iezuiților marcanți care au trimis oameni pe tărâmuri îndepărtate sau au mers ei înșiși către culturi străine pentru a reprezenta creștinismul. "Russell ridică subtil problema în care culturile sofisticate își prezintă una alteia povești menite să mascheze și să justifice ceea ce își fac reciproc, cu un cost teribil". Lucrul acesta este reflectat și de modul în care Sofia trebuie să-și cumpere libertatea din ceea ce ea descrie a fi o instituție de prostituție intelectuală, precum și de diferențele dintre poporul simplu Runa care locuiește la țară și Jana'ata, orășenii sofisticați care au creat muzica superbă ce avea să declanșeze misiunea.

Premii și nominalizări

Pasărea Domnului a primit următoarele premii:

 1996 - premiul James Tiptree, Jr.
 1998 - premiul Arthur C. Clarke
 1998 - premiul Asociației Britanice de Science Fiction, secțiunea roman
 1998 - premiul John W. Campbell Memorial pentru cel mai bun scriitor nou
 2001 - premiul Kurd Laßwitz
 2001 - premiul Gaylactic Spectrum Awards (Pasărea Domnului și Children of God împreună)

Adaptări

În luna martie a anului 2006 s-a anunțat că Warner Bros. a achiziționat drepturile pentru Pasărea Domnului pentru compania lui Brad Pitt, Plan B Entertainment, că Pitt însuși avea să joace rolul lui Sandoz, iar scenaristul Michael Seitzman urma să adapteze romanul pentru film.

Ulterior, Mary Russell a revocat toate drepturile de ecranizare, considerând că Hollywoodul nu poate și nu va face o adaptare a Păsării Domnului care să fie fidelă cărții. A scris propriul scenariu, ajutată de asistenta ei, Karen Hall, dar și-a dar seama că sunt puține șanse să fie folosit

În 2014, AMC a anunțat că are în lucru o adaptare pentru televiziune a cărții.

Note

Legături externe

 Istoria publicării romanului Pasărea Domnului pe ISFDB
 Prima recenzie a Păsării Domnului, de R.W. Rasband, Association for Mormon Letters.
 A doua recenzie a Păsării Domnului, de Rasband, cu răspunsul lui Russell.
 Recenzie la Children of God de Rasband.
 Infinity Plus Interviu cu Mary Doria Russell în care discută despre Pasărea Domnului.
 Videoclip care conține un interviu cu Mary Doria Russell și criticul Alan Cheuse.
 Site-ul personal al lui Mary Doria Russell.

Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane din 1996
Cărți din 1996

Pasărea Domnului


Back to Basics, Amerikalı pop şarkıcısı Christina Aguilera 'nın üçüncü stüdyo albümü. Albüm, ilk kez Japonya'da 9 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde piyasaya çıkmıştır.

Albümdeki şarkılar
Disk 1
 "Intro (Back to Basics)" - 1:47
 "Makes Me Wanna Pray" - 4:10
 "Back in the Day" - 4:13
 "Ain't No Other Man" - 3:48
 "Understand" - 3:46
 "Slow Down Baby" - 3:29
 "Oh Mother" - 3:46
 "F.U.S.S." - 2:21
 "On Our Way" - 3:36
 "Without You" - 3:56
 "Still Dirrty" - 3:46
 "Here to Stay" - 3:19
 "Thank You (Dedication to Fans...)"  - 4:59

Disk 2
 "Enter the Circus" - 1:42
 "Welcome"- - 2:42
 "Candyman" - 3:14
 "Nasty Naughty Boy" - 4:45
 "I Got Trouble" - 3:42
 "Hurt" - 4:03
 "Mercy on Me" - 4:33
 "Save Me from Myself" - 3:13
 "The Right Man" - 3:51
 "Back to Basics" - 10:07

Tekliler

2006 albümleri
Christina Aguilera albümleri
RCA Records albümleri
Billboard 200'de bir numara olan albümler
Yapımcısı DJ Premier olan albümler
Yapımcısı Mark Ronson olan albümler

Back to Basics (Christina Aguilera albümü)


කාලිංග යනු ඉන්දියාවේ මධ්‍ය-නැගෙනහිර ප්‍රදේශයේ පිහිටි අතීත ජනපදයකි. ඊට නූතන මධ්‍ය ප්‍රදේශ් යෙන් කොටසක් ද, අන්ද්‍රා ප්‍රදේශ් හී උතුරු කොටස් ද, ඔඩීශා ප්‍රාන්තයද අයත් විය.  එය දමෝදර් නදියේ සිට ගෝධාවරී නදිය දක්වාත් බෙංගාල බොක්කේ සිට බටහිර ඇමර්කන්ටක් දක්වාත් පැතිරුණු සරුබිම් වලින් යුක්ත භූමියකි. මෙම ප්රදේශයට ක්රි.පූ 265 දීමගධයේ මෞර්ය වංශික අශෝක අධිරාජ්යයාගේ ලේ වැකි කාලිංග යුද්ධයට මුහුණ දෙන්නට විය.

කාලිංග (ඉන්දියාව)