The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is an online database of over 16 million astronomy and physics papers that are both from peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources. Abstracts are available online for free for almost all articles, and fully scanned articles are available in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), and Portable Document Format (PDF) for older articles. It was developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and it is managed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

ADS is a powerful research tool with significant impact on the efficiency of astronomical research since it was started in 1992. Literature searches that would previously take days or weeks to retrieve the result, now take seconds via the ADS search engine, which is custom-built for astronomical needs. Studies have found that the monetary benefit to astronomy that the ADS saves is equivalent to several hundred million US dollars annually (2005).

ADS is used among astronomers worldwide, and therefore ADS usage statistics can be used to analyze global trends in astronomical research.

These studies have revealed that the amount of research an astronomer carries out is related to the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the country in which the scientist is based, and that the number of astronomers in a country is proportional to the GDP of that country. Consequently, the total amount of research done in a country is proportional to the square of its GDP divided by its population.

History
The importance of recording and classifying earlier astronomical knowledge and works was recognized in the 18th century, with Johann Friedrich Weidler publishing the first comprehensive history of astronomy in 1741 and the first astronomical bibliography in 1755. This effort was continued by Jérôme de La Lande, who published his Bibliographie astronomique in 1803, a work that covered the time from 480 B. C. to the year of publication. The Bibliographie générale de l'astronomie,  Volume I and Volume II published by J.C. Houzeau and A. Lancaster in Brussels, followed in the 1882 to 1889 period.

As the number of astronomers and astronomical publications grew, bibliographical efforts became institutional tasks, first at the Observatoire Royal de Belgique, where the Bibliography of Astronomy was published from 1881 to 1898, and then at the Astronomischer Rechen-Institut in Heidelberg the yearly Astronomischer Jahresbericht was published from 1899 to 1968; after this date it was replaced by the Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts yearly book series which continued until the end of the 20th century.

During the 1980s, however, astronomers realized that the nascent technologies which formed the basis of the Internet could eventually be used to build an electronic indexing system of astronomical research papers, which could eventually allow astronomers to make extensive searches of the existing literature on any given research topic, as well as to keep abreast of a much greater range of research.

The first suggestion of a database of journal paper abstracts was made at a conference on Astronomy from Large Data-Bases held in Garching bei München in 1987. Initial development of an electronic system for accessing astrophysical abstracts took place during the following five years. In 1991 discussions took place on how to integrate ADS with the SIMBAD database, containing all available catalog designations for objects outside the Solar System, to create a system where astronomers could search for all the papers written about a given object.

An initial version of ADS, with a database consisting of 40 papers, was created as a proof of concept in 1988. The ADS Abstract Service was announced in November 1992  and was released for general use in April 1993. The ADS database was successfully connected with the SIMBAD database in the summer of 1993. The creators believed this was the first use of the Internet to allow simultaneous querying of transatlantic scientific databases. Until 1994 the service was available via proprietary network software, but it was transferred to the nascent World Wide Web early that year. The number of users of the service quadrupled in the five weeks following the introduction of the ADS web-based service.

At first, the journal articles available via ADS were scanned bitmaps created from the paper journals, but from 1995 onwards, the Astrophysical Journal began to publish an on-line edition, soon followed by the other main journals such as Astronomy and Astrophysics and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ADS provided links to these electronic editions from their first appearance. Since the year 1995, the number of ADS users has doubled roughly every two years. ADS now has agreements with almost all astronomical journals, who supply abstracts. Scanned articles from as far back as the early 19th century are available via the service, which now contains over eight million documents.

In 2011 the ADS launched ADS Labs Streamlined Search which introduced facets for query refinement and selection. In 2013 ADS Labs 2.0 featuring a new search engine, full-text search functionality, scalable facets and an API was introduced. In 2015 the new ADS, codenamed Bumblebee, was released as ADS-beta. The ADS-beta system features a microservices API and client-side dynamic page loading served on a cloud platform. In May 2018 the beta label was dropped and Bumblebee became the default ADS interface -- with some legacy features (ADS Classic) remaining available. Development continues to the present day, with an extensible API available: enabling users to build their own utilities on top of the ADS bibliographic record.

The ADS service is distributed worldwide, with twelve mirror sites in twelve countries on five continents, with the database synchronized by means of weekly updates using rsync, a mirroring utility which allows updates to only the portions of the database which have changed. All updates are triggered centrally, but they initiate scripts at the mirror sites which "pull" updated data from the main ADS servers.

Data in the system

Papers are indexed within the database by their bibliographic record which contains the details of the journal they were published in, and various associated metadata, such as author lists, references and citations. Originally this data was stored in ASCII format, but, eventually, the limitations of this encouraged the database maintainers to migrate all records to an XML (Extensible Markup Language) format in 2000. Bibliographic records are now stored as an XML element, with sub-elements for the various metadata.

Since the advent of online editions of journals, abstracts are loaded into the ADS on or before the publication date of articles, with the full journal text available to subscribers. Older articles have been scanned, and an abstract is created using optical character recognition software. Scanned articles from before about 1995 are usually available free, by agreement with the journal publishers.

Scanned articles are stored in TIFF format, at both medium and high resolution. The TIFF files are converted on demand into GIF files, for on-screen viewing, and PDF, or PostScript files for printing. The generated files are then cached to eliminate needlessly frequent regenerations for popular articles. As of 2000, ADS contained 250 GB of scans, which consisted of 1,128,955 article pages comprising 138,789 articles. By 2005 this had grown to 650 GB, and is expected to grow further, to about 900 GB by 2007. No further information has been published (2005).

The database initially contained only astronomical references, but has now grown to incorporate three databases, covering astronomy
references (including planetary sciences and solar physics), physics references (including instrumentation and geosciences), as well as preprints of scientific papers from arXiv. The astronomy database is by far the most advanced and its use accounts for about 85% of the total ADS usage. Articles are assigned to the different databases according to the subject rather than the journal they are published in, so that articles from any one journal might appear in all three subject databases. The separation of the databases allows searching in each discipline to be tailored, so that words can automatically be given different weight functions in different database searches, depending on how common they are in the relevant field.

Data in the preprint archive is updated daily from the arXiv, the main repository of physics and astronomy preprints. The advent of preprint servers has, like ADS, a significant impact on the rate of astronomical research, as papers are often made available from preprint servers weeks or months before they are published in the journals. The incorporation of preprints from the arXiv into ADS means that the search engine can return the most current research available, with the caveat that preprints may not have been peer reviewed or proofread to the required standard for publication in the main journals. ADS's database links preprints with subsequently published articles wherever possible, so that citation and reference searches will return links to the journal article where the preprint was cited.

Software and hardware
The software runs on a system that was written specifically for it, allowing for extensive customization for astronomical needs that would not have been possible with general purpose database software. The scripts are designed to be as platform independent as possible, given the need to facilitate mirroring on different systems around the world, although the growing use of Linux as the operating system of choice within astronomy has led to increasing optimization of the scripts for installation on that platform.

The main ADS server is located at the Center for Astrophysics  Harvard & Smithsonian in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is a dual 64-bit X86 Intel server with two quad-core 3.0 GHz CPUs and 32 GB of RAM, running the CentOS 5.4 Linux distribution.  Mirrors are located in Brazil, China, Chile, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, United Kingdom, and Ukraine.

Indexing
ADS currently (2005) receives abstracts or tables of contents from almost two hundred journal sources. The service may receive data referring to the same article from multiple sources, and creates one bibliographic reference based on the most accurate data from each source. The common use of TeX and LaTeX by almost all scientific journals greatly facilitates the incorporation of bibliographic data into the system in a standardized format, and importing HTML-coded web-based articles is also simple. ADS utilizes Python and Perl scripts for importing, processing and standardizing bibliographic data.

The apparently mundane task of converting author names into a standard Surname, Initial format is actually one of the more difficult to automate, due to the wide variety of naming conventions around the world and the possibility that a given name such as Davis could be a first name, middle name or surname. The accurate conversion of names requires a detailed knowledge of the names of authors active in astronomy, and ADS maintains an extensive database of author names, which is also used in searching the database (see below).

For electronic articles, a list of the references given at the end of the article is easily extracted. For scanned articles, reference extraction relies on OCR. The reference database can then be "inverted" to list the citations for each paper in the database. Citation lists have been used in the past to identify popular articles missing from the database; mostly these were from before 1975 and have now been added to the system.

Coverage
The database now contains over eight million articles. In the cases of the major journals of astronomy (Astrophysical Journal, Astronomical Journal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society), coverage is complete, with all issues indexed from number 1 to the present. These journals account for about two-thirds of the papers in the database, with the rest consisting of papers published in over 100 other journals from around the world, as well as in conference proceedings.

While the database contains the complete contents of all the major journals and many minor ones as well, its coverage of references and citations is much less complete. References in and citations of articles in the major journals are fairly complete, but references such as "private communication", "in press" or "in preparation" cannot be matched, and author errors in reference listings also introduce potential errors. Astronomical papers may cite and be cited by articles in journals which fall outside the scope of ADS, such as chemistry, mathematics or biology journals.

Search engine

Since its inception, the ADS has developed a highly complex search engine to query the abstract and object databases. The search engine is tailor-made for searching astronomical abstracts, and the engine and its user interface assume that the user is well-versed in astronomy and able to interpret search results which are designed to return more than just the most relevant papers. The database can be queried for author names, astronomical object names, title words, and words in the abstract text, and results can be filtered according to a number of criteria. It works by first gathering synonyms and simplifying search terms as described above, and then generating an "inverted file", which is a list of all the documents matching each search term. The user-selected logic and filters are then applied to this inverted list to generate the final search results.

Author name queries
The system indexes author names by surname and initials, and accounts for the possible variations in spelling of names using a list of variations. This is common in the case of names including accents such as umlauts and transliterations from Arabic or Cyrillic script. An example of an entry in the author synonym list is:

AFANASJEV, V
AFANAS'EV, V
AFANAS'IEV, V
AFANASEV, V
AFANASYEV, V
AFANS'IEV, V
AFANSEV, V

Object name searches
The capability to search for papers on specific astronomical objects is one of ADS's most powerful tools. The system uses data from the SIMBAD, the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, the International Astronomical Union Circulars and the Lunar and Planetary Institute to identify papers referring to a given object, and can also search by object position, listing papers which concern objects within a 10 arcminute radius of a given Right Ascension and Declination. These databases combine the many catalogue designations an object might have, so that a search for the Pleiades will also find papers which list the famous open cluster in Taurus under any of its other catalog designations or popular names, such as M45, the Seven Sisters or Melotte 22.

Title and abstract searches
The search engine first filters search terms in several ways. An M followed by a space or hyphen has the space or hyphen removed, so that searching for Messier catalogue objects is simplified and a user input of M45, M 45 or M-45 all result in the same query being executed; similarly, NGC designations and common search terms such as Shoemaker Levy and T Tauri are stripped of spaces. Unimportant words such as AT, OR and TO are stripped out, although in some cases case sensitivity is maintained, so that while and is ignored, And is converted to "Andromeda", and Her is converted to "Hercules", but her is ignored.

Synonym replacement
Once search terms have been pre-processed, the database is queried with the revised search term, as well as synonyms for it. As well as simple synonym replacement such as searching for both plural and singular forms, ADS also searches for a large number of specifically astronomical synonyms. For example, spectrograph and spectroscope have basically the same meaning, and in an astronomical context metallicity and abundance are also synonymous. ADS's synonym list was created manually, by grouping the list of words in the database according to similar meanings.

As well as English language synonyms, ADS also searches for English translations of foreign search terms and vice versa, so that a search for the French word soleil retrieves references to Sun, and papers in languages other than English can be returned by English search terms.

Synonym replacement can be disabled if required, so that a rare term which is a synonym of a much more common term (such as 'dateline' rather than 'date') can be searched for specifically.

Selection logic
The search engine allows selection logic both within fields and between fields. Search terms in each field can be combined with OR, AND, simple logic or Boolean logic, and the user can specify which fields must be matched in the search results. This allows complex searches to be built; for example, the user could search for papers concerning NGC 6543 OR NGC 7009, with the paper titles containing (radius OR velocity) AND NOT (abundance OR temperature).

Result filtering
Search results can be filtered according to a number of criteria, including specifying a range of years such as '1945 to 1975', '2000 to the present day' or 'before 1900', and what type of journal the article appears in [–] non-peer reviewed articles such as conference proceedings. These can be excluded or specifically searched for, or specific journals can be included in or excluded from the search.

Search results

Although it was conceived as a means of accessing abstracts and papers, ADS provides a substantial amount of ancillary information along with search results. For each abstract returned, links are provided to other papers in the database which are referenced, and which cite the paper, and a link is provided to a preprint, where one exists. The system also generates a link to 'also-read' articles – that is, those which have been most commonly accessed by those reading the article. In this way, an ADS user can determine which papers are of most interest to astronomers who are interested in the subject of a given paper.

Also returned are links to the SIMBAD and/or NASA Extragalactic Database object name databases, via which a user can quickly find out basic observational data about the objects analyzed in a paper, and find further papers on those objects.

Impact on astronomy
ADS is almost universally used as a research tool among astronomers, and there are several studies that have estimated quantitatively how much more efficient ADS has made astronomy; one estimated that ADS increased the efficiency of astronomical research by 333 full-time equivalent research years per year, and another found that in 2002 its effect was equivalent to 736 full-time researchers, or all the astronomical research done in France. ADS has allowed literature searches that would previously have taken days or weeks to carry out to be completed in seconds, and it is estimated that ADS has increased the readership and use of the astronomical literature by a factor of about three since its inception.

In monetary terms, this increase in efficiency represents a considerable amount. There are about 12,000 active astronomical researchers worldwide, so ADS is the equivalent of about 5% of the working population of astronomers. The global astronomical research budget is estimated at between 4,000 and US$5,000 million, so the value of ADS to astronomy would be about 200–250 million USD annually. Its operating budget is a small fraction of this amount.

The great importance of ADS to astronomers has been recognized by the United Nations, the General Assembly of which has commended ADS on its work and success, particularly noting its importance to astronomers in the developing world, in reports of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. A 2002 report by a visiting committee to the Center for Astrophysics, meanwhile, said that the service had "revolutionized the use of the astronomical literature", and was "probably the most valuable single contribution to astronomy research that the CfA has made in its lifetime".

Sociological studies using ADS
Because it is used almost universally by astronomers, ADS can reveal much about how astronomical research is distributed around the world. Most users access the system from institutes of higher education, whose IP address can easily be used to determine the user's geographical location. Studies reveal that the highest per-capita users of ADS are France and Netherlands-based astronomers, and while more developed countries (measured by GDP per capita) use the system more than less developed countries; the relationship between GDP per capita and ADS use is not linear. The range of ADS usage per capita far exceeds the range of GDPs per capita, and basic research carried out in a country, as measured by ADS usage, has been found to be proportional to the square of the country's GDP divided by its population. Statistics also imply that there are about three times as many astronomers in countries of European culture as in countries of Asian cultures, perhaps suggesting cultural differences in the importance attached to astronomical research. The amount of basic research carried out in a country is found to be proportional to the number of astronomers in that country multiplied by its GDP per capita, with considerable scatter.

ADS has also been used to show that the fraction of single-author astronomy papers has decreased substantially since 1975 and that astronomical papers with more than 50 authors have become more common since 1990.

See also
 List of academic databases and search engines
 Bibcode
 INSPIRE-HEP
 NASA Planetary Data System (PDS)
 PubMed
 Michael J. Kurtz

References

External links

NASA online
Discipline-oriented digital libraries
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Full-text scholarly online databases
Astronomical databases

Astrophysics Data System


Rudolf Župan (Pula, 19. siječnja 1905. – Santiago da Chile, 11. srpnja 1976.), hrv. glazbenik, bariton iz Pule.

Životopis
U puljskoj školi Rossini učio je pjevanje u klasi Pietra Sbise. Studirao na milanskom Konzervatoriju. U Bergamu je debitirao na opernoj pozornici. Bilo je to 1933. godine. Nastupio u Barceloni i talijanskim kazališnim kućama tzv. stagionama (kao Rudi Supan) s mnogo uspjeha te je na godinu nastupio u rodnom gradu. 1934. je otišao u Zagreb gdje je od tad članom zagrebačke Opere. Njegov dramski bariton bio je bogat, dobro moduliran i školovan, čime je oduševljavao slušateljstvo i glazbene kritičare. Ondje je bio do 1946. godine. Odigrao je uloge u Giordanovu Andréu Chénieru, Verdijevoj Aidi, Traviati, Rigolettu, Don Carlosu, Ponchiellijevoj Giocondi, Zajčevu Nikoli Šubiću Zrinjskom, Bizetovoj Carmen, Tonija u Pagliaccima, gostovao kao Valentin u Faustu i Renato u Krabuljnom plesu, igrao Jaga u Otellu, Belcorea u Ljubavnom napitku, Donizettijev Lord Henrik Ashton u Luciji di Lammermoor, Stanko u Hatzeovu Povratku, Tomskog u Pikovoj dami i dr. Boris Papandopulo, glazbeni kritičar splitskih novina Novo doba ishvalio je Županov nastup u Splitu u ulozi Stanka u Hatzeovom Povratku. Nakon boravka u Zagrebu, iselio je u Čile. Po svemu sudeći je emigrirao. Zadnji je put nastupio u Zagrebu veljače 1946. godine. I ondje je bio uspješan. Snimio je 1949. dva nosača zvuka za potrebe čileanskoga radija, u studijima RCA Victor. Ipak, malo se znade o Županovom životu nakon odlaska iz Zagreba.

Izvori

Životopisi, Pula
Hrvatski operni pjevači
Hrvati u Čileu

Rudolf Župan


Elymas, auch bekannt als Bar-Jesus (aram. Bar-Jeschua, Sohn Jesu, lat. Bariesu), war ein jüdischer Magier im Gefolge des vom römischen Senat ernannten Statthalters von Zypern, der im Neuen Testament in der Apostelgeschichte des Lukas  erwähnt wird.

Der Name Elymas wird in Apg 13,8 als Übersetzung des Namens von Bar-Jesus angegeben – obwohl der griechische Text hier auch so verstanden werden kann, dass "Magier" (Magos) die Übersetzung des Namens "Elymas" sei. Vermutlich bezieht sich dies auf eine semitische Wurzel, nämlich entweder arabisch alim (Weiser) oder aramäisch haloma (Traumdeuter).

Die Apostelgeschichte des Lukas nennt ihn einen "Magos", d. h. "Zauberer" (ursprünglich Lehnwort aus dem Persischen, wo Mager Weise bzw. Angehörige einer Priesterkaste bezeichnet, so etwa auch Mt 2,1). Der biblischen Schilderung nach versuchte Elymas den Statthalter, den römischen Prokonsul Sergius Paullus, gegen die von Paulus von Tarsus und Barnabas verkündigte Botschaft zu beeinflussen. Die beiden Apostel waren vom Statthalter nach Paphos auf Zypern vorgeladen worden, um ihm von Jesus zu erzählen. Der Apostel Paulus wird an dieser Stelle zum ersten Mal mit seinem römischen Namen bezeichnet. Es war üblich, dass Juden zusätzlich einen griechischen oder römischen Namen annehmen, und Saulus/Paulus bewegte sich von jetzt an immer stärker in nichtjüdischen Kulturen. Es kommt zu einer Unheilsansage: Paulus sprach als Strafe Gottes eine zeitweilige Blindheit über Elymas aus. Sofort fielen "Dunkelheit und Finsternis" auf ihn, so dass er an der Hand geführt werden musste. Frühe Ausleger wie Beda Venerabilis verwiesen auf die eigene Blindheitserfahrung des Paulus: Die Verdunkelung der Augen könne eine Erleuchtung des Verstandes begünstigen. Denkbar ist auch ein Bezug auf astrologische Praktiken des Magiers Bar-Jesus.

Nach diesem Wunder soll sich der Prokonsul Sergius Paullus zum christlichen Glauben bekehrt haben. Danach trennte sich Johannes Markus von Paulus und Barnabas und kehrte nach Jerusalem zurück. Paulus und Barnabas reisten dagegen in die Heimatstadt der Familie von Sergius Paullus, Antiochia bei Pisidien.

Einzelnachweise

Jude (Altertum)
Person im Neuen Testament
Geboren im 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. oder 1. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 1. oder 2. Jahrhundert
Mann

Elymas


Cn. Domitius Arhenobarbus, general roman în armata Imperiului Roman. S-a luptat cu arvenii, neam cetic din Galia centrală și împreună cu generalul Q. Fabius Maximus l-a luat prizonier pe regele arvenilor, numit Bituitus, în 121 î.e.n.
Imperiul Roman
Generali romani

Domitius Arhenobarbus


US Open-mesterskabet i herresingle 2018 var den 138. turnering om US Open-mesterskabet i herresingle. Turneringen var en del af US Open 2018 og blev spillet i USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center i New York City, USA. Hovedturneringen med deltagelse af 128 spillere blev spillet i perioden 27. august - 9. september 2018, mens kvalifikationen afvikledes den 21. - 24. august 2018.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Novak Djokovic, som i finalen besejrede Juan Martín del Potro med 6-3, 7-6(4), 6-3 på tre timer og 15 minutter i en kamp, der blev spillet under et lukket skydetag på Arthur Ashe Stadium, og som dermed vandt mesterskabet for tredje gang. Sejren var den sjetteseedede serbers 14. grand slam-titel i karrieren, hvorved han nåede op på siden af Pete Sampras på tredjepladsen i statistikken over spillere med flest grand slam-titler i herresingle. I løbet af mesterskabets to uger tabte Djokovic blot to sæt, og han vandt de sidste 16 sæt, han spillede i turneringen. Del Potro var i US Open-finalen for anden gang i sin karriere men formåede altså ikke at gentage sin triumf fra 2009.

Den forsvarende mester, Rafael Nadal, tabte i semifinalen til Juan Martín del Potro, hvor han opgav ved stillingen 2-0 i sæt til argentineren. Inden da havde Nadal haft den ære at være den tidligere nr. 3 på ATP's verdensrangliste, David Ferrers, sidste modstander nogensinde i en grand slam-kamp, idet den 36-årige spanier spillede sin sidste grand slam-turnering i karrieren. Det var ligeledes den sidste grand slam-turnering i karrieren for Mikhail Juzjnyj, Gilles Müller, Julien Benneteau, Nicolas Mahut og Florian Mayer.

Pengepræmier og ranglistepoint

Den samlede præmiesum til spillerne i herresingle androg $ 21.960.000 (ekskl. per diem), hvilket var en stigning på 4,7 % i forhold til året før. For første gang nogensinde var der over $ 1.500.000 til de spillere, der blev slået ud i kvalifikationen.

Højdepunkter

Kvalifikation

Kvalifikationsspilleren Peter Polansky gik videre til hovedturneringen som lucky loser for fjerde grand slam-turnering i træk, og det var første gang nogensinde, at en spiller opnåede en "lucky loser grand slam". Ingen spillere havde indtil da være lucky loser i mere end to grand slam-turneringer i et kalenderår. Canadieren formåede imidlertid ikke at drage nytte af sit held i hovedturneringen, hvor han tabte i første runde, ligesom det havde været tilfældet i sæsonens tre første grand slam-turneringer.

Første runde

Den tidligere US Open-semifinalist, 36-årige David Ferrer, spillede karrierens sidste grand slam-kamp i første runde, hvor han endte med at opgive med en lægskade midt i andet sæt efter at have tabt første sæt med 3-6. Det var første gang i hans 208 grand slam-kampe i karrieren, at spanieren havde vært nødt til at opgive undervejs på grund af en skade. Hans sidste modstander på højeste niveau var meget passende hans mangeårige Davis Cup-holdkammerat, førsteseedede Rafael Nadal, som også var hans banemand, da Ferrer opnåede karrierens største resultat: finalepladsen ved French Open 2013. Dermed endte David Ferrer sin grand slam-karriere med 145 vundne kampe, hvilket var rekord for spillere, der ikke havde vundet en grand slam-titel.

Kvartfinaler

Kvartfinalekampen mellem Rafael Nadal og Dominic Thiem, der endte kl. 2 om natten, og som blev vundet af spanieren med 0-6, 6-4, 7-5, 6-7, 7-6 blev af den erfarne US Open-skribent Neil Schlecht beskrevet som den bedste kamp han havde set.

Hovedturnering

Deltagere

Hovedturneringen havde deltagelse af 128 spillere, der var fordelt på:
 104 direkte kvalificerede spillere i form af deres ranglisteplacering pr. 16. juli 2018 (seks uger før turneringens start).
 8 spillere, der havde modtaget et wildcard (markeret med WC).
 16 spillere, der var gået videre fra kvalifikationsturneringen (markeret med Q).

Efter starten på kvalifikationen meldte fire af de direkte kvalificerede spillere afbud, hvilket gav plads til fire lucky losere fra kvalifikationen (markeret med LL).

Seedede spillere

De 32 bedst placerede af deltagerne på ATP's verdensrangliste pr. 20. august 2018 blev seedet.

Wildcards

Otte spillere modtog et wildcard til hovedturneringen. Deres verdensranglisteplacering pr. 20. august 2018 er angivet.

Kvalifikanter

16 spillere gik videre fra kvalifikationen til hovedturneringen. Se også afsnittet Kvalifikation.

Lucky losers

Følgende spillere gik videre fra kvalifikationen til hovedturneringen som lucky losere, fordi spillere, der var direkte kvalificeret til hovedturneringen, meldte afbud efter kvalifikationen var påbegyndt.

Resultater

Ottendedelsfinaler, kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Kvalifikation

I kvalifikationsturneringen spillede 128 spillere om 16 ledige pladser i hovedturneringen. Heraf havde ni spillere har modtaget et wildcard (WC). Kampene blev spillet i USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center i New York City, USA i perioden 21. - 24. august 2018.

Følgende 16 spillere kvalificerede sig til hovedturneringen:
  Ugo Humbert
  Stefano Travaglia
  Federico Gaio
  Casper Ruud
  Marcel Granollers
  Hubert Hurkacz
  Lloyd Harris
  Dennis Novak
  Félix Auger-Aliassime
  Collin Altamirano
  Mitchell Krueger
  Donald Young
  Tommy Robredo
  Facundo Bagnis
  Yannick Maden
  Carlos Berlocq

Fire af spillerne kvalificerede sig til en grand slam-hovedturnering for første gang i deres karrierer: Lloyd Harris, Ugo Humbert, Félix Auger-Aliassime og Mitchell Krueger. Den canadiske teenager Auger-Aliassime tabte på overbevisende vis kun fire point i andet sæt, da han i kvalifikationsfinalen besejrede Gerald Melzer med 6-3, 6-0. Blandt de mere erfarne spillere, der gik videre til hovedturneringen var den tidligere US Open-kvartfinalist, Tommy Robredo, der vandt 6-3, 2-6, 6-3 over en anden veteran, Nicolas Mahut.

Følgende spillere gik videre til hovedturneringen som lucky losere:
  Lorenzo Sonego
  Peter Polansky
  Ruben Bemelmans
  Nicolas Mahut

Resultater

Se også
 US Open-mesterskabet i damesingle 2018
 US Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2018
 US Open-mesterskabet i damedouble 2018
 US Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2018

Eksterne henvisninger
 US Open

Noter

US Open 2018
2018
ATP World Tour 2018

US Open-mesterskabet i herresingle 2018


Ovo je popis zemalja prema kreditnom ratingu, koji prikazuje dugoročne kreditne ratinge u stranoj valuti za državne obveznice, kako su izvijestile tri najveće agencije za kreditni rejting: Standard & Poor's, Fitch i Moody's. Popis također uključuje sve područne jedinice koje ne izdaju državne obveznice, ali isključuje regije, pokrajine i općine koje izdaju sub-suverene obveznice.

Ocjene zemalja i regija različitim metodama

Standard & Poor's

Za S&P obveznica se smatra investicijskom ocjenom ako je njezin kreditni rating BBB ili veći. Obveznice s ocjenom BB + i niže smatraju se špekulativnom ocjenom, a ponekad se nazivaju i "smećem".

Fitch
Za Fitch obveznica se smatra investicijskom ako je njezin kreditni rating BBB ili veći. Obveznice s ocjenom BB + i niže smatraju se špekulativnom, a ponekad se nazivaju i "smećem".

Moody's
Za Moody's obveznica se smatra investicijskom ocjenom ako je njezin kreditni rating Baa3 ili veći. Obveznice s ocjenom Ba1 i niže smatraju se špekulativnom, a ponekad se nazivaju i "smećem".

DBRS Morningstar
Za DBRS Morningstar obveznica se smatra investicijskom ako je njezin kreditni rating BBB (nizak) ili veći. Obveznice s ocjenom BB (visoka) i niže smatraju se špekulativnom ocjenom, a ponekad se nazivaju i "smećem".

Scope ocjene
Za Scope - europsku rating agenciju - obveznica se smatra investicijskom ako je njezin kreditni rating BBB ili veći. Obveznice s ocjenom BB + i niže smatraju se špekulativnom ocjenom, a ponekad se nazivaju i "smećem".

JCR
Japanska agencija za kreditni rating (JCR) je agencija za kreditni rating sa sjedištem u Japanu. JCR je nacionalno priznata organizacija za statističku ocjenjivanje od strane američke Komisije za vrijednosne papire.

Dagong
Dagong je agencija za kreditni rating sa sjedištem u Kini. Od kolovoza 2018., Kineska regulatorna komisija za vrijednosne papire naredila je Dagongu da na godinu dana obustavi usluge na kineskom tržištu zbog labavog korporativnog upravljanja, sukoba interesa, zlouporabe službenog pečata tvrtke, kaotičnog upravljanja, visokih naknada koje se naplaćuju izdavačima za savjetničke usluge, nekvalificiranog višeg rukovodstva i problema s financijskim modelima koji se koriste u ocjenjivanju obveznica.

Za nasvježije podatke pogledajte datoteku World map ratings by Dagong (December 2018)

China Chengxin
China Chengxin Credit Rating Group je agencija za kreditni rejting sa sjedištem u Kini.

Bez ocijene
Zemlje članice UN-a kojima niti jedna od osam rejting agencija nije dodijelila kreditnu ocjenu.

Izvori

Popis zemalja prema kreditnom rangu


Smaragdglansstær () er en spurvefugl, der lever i det vestlige Afrika.

Kilder
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra Vestafrika
Stære

Smaragdglansstær


Aziz Nacib Ab'Sáber [] (* 24. Oktober 1924 in São Luiz do Paraitinga; † 16. März 2012 in Cotia) war ein brasilianischer physischer Geograph. Er lehrte an der Universität von São Paulo.

Er ist bekannt für seine naturräumlichen Analysen, inklusive des Amazonas.

Auszeichnungen
 Ehrendoktor der UNESP, der UFRJ und der UERJ
 Mitglied der Academia Brasileira de Ciências
 UNESCO-Preis für Wissenschaft und Umwelt von 2001
 dreimal den Prêmio Jabuti als Anerkennung seines literarischen Werkes

Weblinks

 Interview mit Aziz Ab'Saber: Professor emérito da USP acredita que a educação deve se basear no conhecimento regional e na descoberta de talentos, von Paola Gentile.

  bei Roda Viva.
 Os domínios de natureza no Brasil - potencialidades paisagísticas. Buchbesprechung von Bernardo Esteves.
  Artikel auf Portugiesisch.
 Uma unanimidade na universidade e na Geografia. Interview mit Aziz Ab'Saber von Maria Rehder.

Einzelnachweise

Geograph (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universidade de São Paulo)
Mitglied der Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Träger des Prêmio Jabuti
Brasilianer
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Aziz Ab'Sáber


Breesen ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Starkenberg im Landkreis Altenburger Land in Thüringen.

Lage
Der Rundlingsweiler Breesen befindet sich 5 Kilometer südöstlich von Starkenberg und 9,5 Kilometer westlich von Altenburg. Über eine Kreisstraße haben die Bürger Anschluss an die nah vorbeiführende Landesstraße 1362. Die Gemarkung des Weilers liegt im Altenburger-Zeitzer Lösshügelland am Beginn der Leipziger Tieflandsbucht. Der Ort liegt im Tal des Kleinen Gerstenbachs, der über den Gerstenbach in die Pleiße entwässert. Er ist der südöstlichste Ortsteil der Gemeinde Starkenberg.

Geschichte
Am 1. April 1250 weist die Gemeinde die Ersterwähnung des Weilers nach. Wolfgang Kahl fand 1181–1214 als urkundlich nachgewiesene Ersterwähnung unter dem Namen Bresen. Dieser stammt vom sorbischen brezina oder breźno für "Birkenort, Birkenwald" (vgl. obersorb. brěza). 1445 waren sechs Bauernhöfe ansässig.

Breesen gehörte zum wettinischen Amt Altenburg, welches ab dem 16. Jahrhundert aufgrund mehrerer Teilungen im Lauf seines Bestehens unter der Hoheit folgender Ernestinischer Herzogtümer stand: Herzogtum Sachsen (1554 bis 1572), Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar (1572 bis 1603), Herzogtum Sachsen-Altenburg (1603 bis 1672), Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (1672 bis 1826). Bei der Neuordnung der Ernestinischen Herzogtümer im Jahr 1826 kam der Ort wiederum zum Herzogtum Sachsen-Altenburg.
Nach der Verwaltungsreform im Herzogtum gehörte er bezüglich der Verwaltung zum Ostkreis (bis 1900) bzw. zum Landratsamt Altenburg (ab 1900). Das Dorf gehörte ab 1918 zum Freistaat Sachsen-Altenburg, der 1920 im Land Thüringen aufging. 1922 kam es zum Landkreis Altenburg.

Am 1. Juli 1950 wurde Breesen nach Tegkwitz eingemeindet. Bei der zweiten Kreisreform in der DDR wurden 1952 die bestehenden Länder aufgelöst und die Landkreise neu zugeschnitten. Somit kam Breesen als Ortsteil von Tegkwitz mit dem Kreis Altenburg an den Bezirk Leipzig; jener gehörte seit 1990 als Landkreis Altenburg zu Thüringen und ging 1994 im Landkreis Altenburger Land auf. Mit der Eingliederung der Gemeinde Tegkwitz in die Gemeinde Starkenberg wurde Breesen am 1. Dezember 2008 der südöstlichste Ortsteil der Gemeinde Starkenberg. 2012 wohnten 18 Personen im Weiler.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
In Breesen befindet sich der typischste Altenburger Vierseithof, der Hof Heitsch, dessen ältestes derzeitiges Gebäude, ein Stallgebäude aus dem Jahr 1747 stammt. Das Wohnhaus und der Pferdestall wurden 1759 erbaut, die Scheune 1763 und der Kuhstall 1765.

Literatur
 Holger Meutzner: Die Bauern von Breesen: 1413–2013. 600 Jahre Geschichte eines Dorfes im Altenburger Land. Borsdorf: Winterwork 2013.

Weblinks

 Breesen auf der Webseite der Gemeinde Starkenberg

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Altenburger Land
Starkenberg
Rundling
Ersterwähnung 1250
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Altenburger Land)
Gemeindeauflösung 1950

Breesen (Starkenberg)


Kringsjå Station (Kringsjå stasjon) er en metrostation på Sognsvannsbanen på T-banen i Oslo. Stationen ligger lige ved Kringsjå studentby og Fjellbirkeland studentby. Desuden ligger Olympiatoppen og Riksarkivet i gåafstand.

Eksterne henvisninger

T-banestationer i Oslo
Etableret i 1934

Kringsjå Station


Emirler, Çorum ilinin Boğazkale ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 86 km, Boğazkale ilçe merkezine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boğazkale belde ve köyleri

Emirler, Boğazkale


ඇබරාවන්  යනු,  එක්සත් රාජධානියෙහි පාර්ලිමේන්තුවෙහි මහජන මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය තුල නියෝජනය වන  මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශයකි. බහුතරය ලබන්නා තේරී පත් වන ක්‍රමය යටතේ, එය විසින් එක් පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරයෙකු (පාම) තෝරා පත් කරයි. එය නියෝජනය කරනු ලබන්නේ කම්කරු පක්ෂයෙහි  ස්ටීවන් කිනක් විසිනි .

ඉතිහාසය
1918 මහා මැතිවරණය සඳහා,  මෙම මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය තනනු ලැබුවේ,    ස්වොන්සි දිස්ත්‍රික්කය බෙදීමෙනි.  පළමු වාරය හැරුණු විට, එය සැම විටම දිනා ගනු ලැබුවේ කම්කරු පක්ෂය විසිනි. 1924 වසරෙහිදී, කම්කරු පක්ෂයෙන් පළමු අග්‍රාමාත්‍යවරයා බවට පත්වූ, රැම්සී මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ් විසින්,  1922 සිට 1929 දක්වා අසුන රැක ගන්නා ලදි.

සීමා
දකුණු වේල්සයෙහි අෆාන් ගංගාවෙහි දකුණු ඉවුරෙහි,  ස්වොන්සි බොක්කෙහි එහි මෝය අසබඩ, මෙම මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය පිහිටයි.  ඇබරාවන්,  බාග්ලාන්, බ්‍රිට්න් ෆෙරි ඊස්ට්, බ්‍රිට්න් ෆෙරි වෙස්ට්, බ්‍රින් ඇන්ඩ් කමවාන්, කෝයිඩ්ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් සෙන්ට්‍රල්, කෝයිඩ්ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් නෝර්ත්, කෝයිඩ්ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් වෙස්ට්,  කිමර්, ග්ලින්කෝර්ව්ජ්, ග්වයින්ෆි, මාර්ගම්,  පෝර්ට් ටෙල්බට්, සැන්ෆීල්ඩ්ස් ඊස්ට්, සැන්ෆීල්ඩ්ස් වෙස්ට් සහ ටායි-බක් යන කොට්ඨාශ වලින් මෙම මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය වර්තමානයෙහි සමන්විත වෙයි.

පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරු

මැතිවරණ

2010 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

2000 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1990 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1980 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1970 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1960 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1950 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1940 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1930 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1920 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

1910 ගණන් වල මැතිවරණ

එඩ්වඩ්ස් සඳහා සහායයක් වශයෙන් 1918 දෙසැ 13 දිනදී ජෝන්ස් තරගයෙන් ඉවත් වුණි

සටහන් සහ ආශ්‍රිත

තවදුරටත් කියවීම්

දකුණු වේල්සයෙහි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශ
 නීත් පෝට් ටැල්බට් හී දේශපාලනය
 1918 වසරෙහිදී සංස්ථාපිත එක්සත් රාජධානියෙහි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශ
අග්‍රාමාත්‍යවරයෙකු විසින් නියෝජනය කෙරුනු එක්සත් රාජධානියෙහි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශ

ඇබරාවන් (එරා පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය)


Endüstri Holding, merkezi Konya'da bulunan, Avrupa ülkelerinde çalışan Türk işçilerinden toplanan paralarla kurulmuş olan çok ortaklı şirket.

31 Mayıs 2005 tarihinde Konya Emniyet Müdürlüğü Kaçakçılık ve Organize Suçlarla Mücadele Şube Müdürlüğü Endüstri Holding yöneticisi, "Sedat Peker ile bağlantılı çalıştıkları ve suç örgütü lideri oldukları" öne sürülen Seyit Mehmet Yüksel ve Ejder Bildik ile ilişkisi olduğu gerekçesiyle gözaltına alındı. Dolandırıcılık suçundan hakkında kesinleşmiş hapis cezası bulunan, Endüstri Holding'in paralarını zimmetine geçirmek ve çıkar amaçlı suç örgütleriyle iş birliği yaptığı iddia edilen Holding'in eski başkanı Mustafa Ertekin'in halasının oğludur. Adana 6. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi'nde açılan ikinci davada, aralarında Sedat Peker'in de bulunduğu 84 sanık, Endüstri Holding'in bazı kuruluşlarını kişisel menfaatleri için kullandıkları, 5 kişiyi öldürüp, 18 kişiden tehditle senet aldıkları iddiasıyla yargılanmaya başlamışlardır.

Endüstri Holding'e bağlı şirketler

 Selko A.Ş.
 Egsaş Savunma Sanayi
 Boyasar
 Eplas Plastik A.Ş.
 Enkal Endüstriyel Kalıp
 Entegre Grank Metalürji
 Omtaş Oluklu Mukavva
 Rotatif Matbaacılık
 Endüstri Çimento
 Setay İnşaat
 Endüstri Tuğla
 Mobella Mobilya
 Vesta
 Derbent Un ve Yem
 Endüstri Tekstil
 Endüstri Kömür
 PLC A.Ş.
 Tesaş A.Ş.
 Burtex
 Akmeraş

Ayrıca bakınız
 Mobellaspor

Organize suçlar
Türk holdingler
Konya merkezli şirketler
1996'da kurulan şirketler

Endüstri Holding


The Weekend Away est un film américain réalisé par Kim Farrant et sorti en 2022.

Synopsis
Beth, une jeune mère, part en vacances en Croatie avec Kate, sa meilleure amie. Après une soirée, Kate disparaît.

Fiche technique
 Titre : The Weekend Away
 Réalisation : Kim Farrant
 Scénario : Sarah Alderson d'après son roman
 Musique : Daniel Wohl
 Photographie : Noah Greenberg
 Montage : Sophie Corra
 Production : Charlie Morrison, Ben Pugh et Erica Steinberg
 Société de production : Netflix et 42
 Pays :
 Genre : Drame et thriller
 Durée : 89 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
Netflix :

Distribution
 Leighton Meester  : Beth
 Christina Wolfe  : Kate
 Ziad Bakri  : Zain
 Luke Norris  : Rob
 Amar Bukvic  : Pavic
 Iva Mihalic  : Kovac
 Adrian Pezdirc  : Sebastian
 Marko Braic  : Luka
 Lujo Kuncevic  : Mateo
 Parth Thakerar  : Jay
 Ivana Krizmanic  : l'avocate

Accueil
Le film a reçu un accueil mitigé de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 51 % sur Metacritic.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2022
Film dramatique américain
Thriller (film) américain
Adaptation d'un roman britannique au cinéma
Film distribué par Netflix
Film tourné en Croatie

The Weekend Away


Grmoliki ranjenik (jupiterova brada, jupit erov ranjenik; lat. Anthyllis barba-jovis), zimzelena trajnica iz roda ranjenika (Anthyllis), porodica Mahunarki (Fabaceae), poznata je i kao jupiterfova brada.

Latinsko ime vrste znači jupiterova brada (barba, brada, i jovis, jupiter). Naraste do 150 cm. visine, grane krivudave, uglavnom ogoljele, dok su mlada, sivkaste su i dlakave, litovi nasuprotni, cvjetovi su blijedožuti, skupljeni u glavičaste cvatove, dvospolni. Plod je mala mahuna s jednom sjemenkom.

Biljka je rasprostranjena po Mediteranu Europe i Afrike. U Hrvatskoj je zaštićena još od 1980. godine, a od 2004. g. strogo zaštićena na svim prirodnim nalazištima. Raste u srednjoj i južnoj Dalamciji, i to po otocima Dugi otok, Vis, Biševo, Svetac, Mljet, Koločep, Lopud, Lokrum, i u okolici Dubrovnika.

Izvori

Ranjenik
Flora Hrvatske
Flora Alžira
Flora Korzike
Flora Francuske
Flora Italije
Flora Sicilije
Flora Španjolske
Flora Tunisa

Grmoliki ranjenik


Merevale es una parroquia civil del distrito de North Warwickshire, en el condado de Warwickshire (Inglaterra).

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Bentley tenía 99 habitantes (40,4% varones, 59,6% mujeres). El 9,09% eran menores de 16 años, el 47,47% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 43,43% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 61,66 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 20% estaban solteros, el 43,33% casados, y el 36,67% divorciados o viudos. Todos los habitantes eran blancos.

Había 21 hogares con residentes y ninguno vacío.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Parroquias civiles de Warwickshire

Merevale


Raza covalentă (mai rar numită și rază de covalență), notată rcov, este o măsură a mărimii unui atom care face parte dintr-o legătură covalentă. Ca și unitate de măsură, raza covalentă se măsoară în picometri (pm) sau angstrom (Å), unde 1 Å = 100 pm.

Vezi și
Rază atomică
Rază ionică
Rază van der Waals

Proprietăți chimice

Rază covalentă


An Oreobolus in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Oreobolus in nahilalakip ha familia nga Cyperaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Oreobolus

Oreobolus


فآسا (بالفنلندية Vaasa، بالسويدية Vasa) مدينة فنلندية على ساحل البلاد الغربي وعاصمة إقليم بوهيانما. يقطنها 59.232 ساكن. حصلت على صفتها كمدينة عام 1606 في عهد كارل التاسع ملك السويد من عائلة فاسا الملكية.

مدينة ثنائية اللغة، حيث يتحدث 69.8 ٪ من سكانها الفنلندية، و 24.8 ٪ ناطقون باللغة السويدية، و 5.4 ٪ بغيرهما.

تعد المدينة مركزاً هاماً للأقلية الناطقة باللغة السويدية في فنلندا، وذلك بفضل العديد من المؤسسات التعليمية. بها ثلاث جامعات، وهي أيضاً مقر لبعض أقسام جامعة هلسنكي ، فضلاً عن وجود مؤسستين تعليميتين عـُليتين باللغة السويدية أبو أكاديمي وهانكن (معهد سويدي عالي للاقتصاد والتجارة). ثم أقيمت كليتان اثنتان للفنون التطبيقية، إحداهما تـُدرس بالسويدية .

يقع مطار المدينة على بعد حوالي 9 كم إلى الجنوب الشرقي من مركز المدينة.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لفآسا:

توأمة
لفآسا اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:

 هيليسينكور
 هارستاد
 كيل
 شفيرين (1965 - )

 شومبيرك
  منذ (1949 - )
  منذ (1940 - )

مشاهير فآسا
 ماتيلدا فريدي "صديقة السجناء"

أعلام

 ليف بلومكفيست
 أوريو كوسكينن
 توني بيورك
 ماتيلدا فريدي
 توماس واربورتون
 ماتي بيلونبا

مراجع

أماكن ساحلية مأهولة في فنلندا
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1606
تأسيسات سنة 1606 في السويد
دوقية فنلندا الكبرى
مدن فنلندا
مدن وبلدات ساحلية في فنلندا

فآسا


Rita Marie « Kipp » Hamilton, née le  à Los Angeles (Californie), ville où elle est morte le , est une actrice américaine.

Biographie
Au cinéma, Kipp Hamilton contribue à six films américains, depuis Celle de nulle part de David Miller (1950, avec Ann Blyth et Farley Granger) jusqu'à Harlow, la blonde platine de Gordon Douglas (1965, avec Carroll Baker dans le rôle-titre). Suit un septième et dernier film, japonais, La Guerre des monstres d'Ishirō Honda (1966, avec Kumi Mizuno et Russ Tamblyn), où elle tient un petit rôle de chanteuse de cabaret.

Mentionnons également Derrière le miroir de Nicholas Ray (1956, avec James Mason et Barbara Rush) et le western Le Vent de la plaine de John Huston (1960, avec Burt Lancaster et Audrey Hepburn).

À la télévision américaine, elle apparaît dans vingt-et-une séries télévisées (notamment de western) à parti de 1955, dont Perry Mason (un épisode, 1958), Ma sorcière bien-aimée (un épisode, 1965) et Les Mystères de l'Ouest (un épisode, 1965). Après un ultime rôle en 1967 dans un épisode de la série-western Le Virginien, elle se retire définitivement des écrans pour se consacrer à sa famille.

Au théâtre, outre des prestations régionales, elle se produit une fois à Broadway (New York) en 1963-1964, dans une reprise (également en tournée) de la comédie musicale How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying de Frank Loesser.

Kipp Hamilton meurt prématurément en 1981, à 46 ans, des suites d'un cancer du sein. Elle est inhumée au Holy Cross Cemetery de Culver City (Californie).

Théâtre à Broadway
1963-1964 : How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, comédie musicale, musique et lyrics de Frank Loesser, livret d'Abe Burrows, Jack Weinstock et Willie Gilbert : Rosemary Pillkington

Filmographie

Cinéma (intégrale)
1950 : Celle de nulle part (Our Very Own) de David Miller : Gwendolyn
1955 : Bonjour Miss Dove (Good Morning, Miss Dove) d'Henry Koster : Virginia Baker
1956 : Derrière le miroir (Bigger Than Life) de Nicholas Ray : Pat Wade
1959 : La Proie des vautours (Never So Few) de John Sturges : Margaret Fitch
1960 : Le Vent de la plaine (The Unforgiven) de John Huston : Georgia Rawlins
1965 : Harlow, la blonde platine (Harlow) de Gordon Douglas : Marie Tanner
1966 : La Guerre des monstres (Furankenshutain no Kaijū : Sanda tai Gaira) d'Ishirô Honda : une chanteuse de cabaret

Télévision (sélection)

(séries)
1958 : Perry Mason, saison 1, épisode 18 La Prudente In-up (The Case of the Cautious Coquette) de László Benedek : Elaine Barton
1958 : Mike Hammer (Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer), saison 1, épisode 6 Dead Men Don't Dream : Katie O'Donnell
1959 : 77 Sunset Strip, saison 2, épisode 12 Vacation with Pay de James V. Kern : Lili Anderson
1959-1960 :  (The Texan), saison 2, épisode 14 Dangerous Ground (1959) d'Edward Ludwig, épisode 15 End of the Track (1959) d'Edward Ludwig, épisode 24 Captive Crew (1960) d'Erle C. Kenton et épisode 25 Showdown (1960) d'Erle C. Kenton : Stevie Martin
1960 : Rawhide, saison 2, épisode 24 La Danse de la mort (Incident of the Dancing Death) de William F. Claxton : Shezoe
1965 : Ma sorcière bien-aimée (Bewitched), saison 1, épisode 25 La Belle Voisine (Pleasure O'Riley) de William D. Russell : Priscilla Pleasure O'Riley
1965 : Des agents très spéciaux (The Man from U.N.C.L.E.), saison 1, épisode 28 Commando de blondes (The Girls of Nazarone Affair) d'Alvin Ganzer : Lavinia Brown
1965 : L'Homme à la Rolls (Burke's Law), saison 3, épisode 3 Steam Heat de Virgil W. Vogel : Silkie
1965 : Les Mystères de l'Ouest (The Wild Wild West), saison 1, épisode 7 La Nuit du cadavre fluorescent (The Night of the Glowing Corpse) d'Irving J. Moore : Cluny Ormont
1967 : Cher oncle Bill (Family Affair), saison 1, épisode 19 Fancy Free de William D. Russell : Meg
1967 : Le Virginien (The Virginian), saison 6, épisode 15 Le Troupeau volé (The Fortress) d'Abner Biberman : Gloria

Liens externes

Actrice américaine de cinéma
Actrice américaine de télévision
Actrice de western
Actrice de comédie musicale
Naissance en août 1934
Naissance à Los Angeles
Décès en janvier 1981
Décès à 46 ans
Décès à Los Angeles
Mort d'un cancer du sein

Kipp Hamilton


Integrative thinking is a field that was developed by Graham Douglas in 1986. The definition of integrative thinking as the process of integrating intuition, reason, and imagination in a human mind to develop a holistic continuum of strategy, tactics, action, review, and evaluation. Integrative thinking may be learned by applying the SOARA (Satisfying, Optimum, Achievable Results Ahead) process to any problem. The SOARA Process facilitates associations between what may have been regarded as unrelated parts of a problem.

Definition used by Roger Martin
Integrative thinking is a discipline and methodology for solving complex or wicked problems. That theory was originated created by Roger Martin, Dean of the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, and collaboratively developed with his colleague Mihnea C. Moldoveanu, Director of the Desautels Centre for Integrative Thinking.

The Rotman School of Management defines integrative thinking as: "...the ability to constructively face the tensions of opposing models, and instead of choosing one at the expense of the other, generating a creative resolution of the tension in the form of a new model that contains elements of the individual models, but is superior to each."

The website continues:

"Integrative thinkers build models rather than choose between them. Their models include consideration of numerous variables — customers, employees, competitors, capabilities, cost structures, industry evolution, and regulatory environment — not just a subset of the above. Their models capture the complicated, multi-faceted, and multidirectional causal relationships between the key variables in any problem. Integrative thinkers consider the problem as a whole, rather than breaking it down and farming out the parts. Finally, they creatively resolve tensions without making costly trade-offs, turning challenges into opportunities."

Background

To develop the theory of integrative thinking, Martin interviewed more than 50 successful leaders, from the fields of business (Jack Welch, AG Lafley, Nandan Nilekani), the arts (Atom Egoyan, Piers Handling) and the not-for-profit world (Victoria Hale). He spoke with these leaders, some for more than 8 hours, about the decisions that they had made over their careers and about how they thought through those decisions. What he found was that some of them had a distinct common characteristic - "the predisposition and capacity to hold two diametrically opposing ideas in their heads. And then, without panicking or simply settling for one alternative or the other, they're able to produce a synthesis that is superior to either opposing idea."

Theory

Integrative thinkers differ from conventional thinkers in many dimensions.
 They tend to consider most variables of a problem to be salient. Rather than seeking to simplify a problem as much as possible, they are inclined to seek out alternative views and contradictory data.
 They are willing to embrace a more complex understanding of how those salient features interconnect and influence one another, a more complex understanding of causality. Rather than limiting the possible causal relationships to simple, linear, one-way dynamics, they entertain the possibility that the causal forces may be multi-directional (i.e. circular) and complex.
 Integrative thinkers approach problem architecture differently. Rather than try to deal with elements in piece parts or sequentially, they strive at all times to keep the whole of the problem in mind while working on the individual parts.
 When faced with two opposing options that seem to force a trade-off, integrative thinkers strive for a creative resolution of the tension rather than simply accepting the choice in front of them.

See also
 Critical thinking
 Causality
 Design thinking
 Paradox
 Systems thinking
 Thesis, antithesis, synthesis
 Thought
 Cognitive dissonance

References

Further reading
 Martin, R. L. (2007). The Opposable Mind: How Successful Leaders Win Through Integrative Thinking. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
 Moldoveanu, MC and Martin RL. (2008). "The Future of the MBA: Designing the Thinker of the Future." London: Oxford University Press.

External links
"Definition of integrative thinking".
 Roger Martin on Integrative Thinking.

Problem solving skills

Integrative thinking


මෙම ලිපිය තුල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නම්කොට ඇති මගී ප්‍රවාහන දුම්රිය ලැයිස්තුවක් අන්තර්ගත වේ.

ශ්‍රී ලංකා දුම්රිය සේවය
ක්‍රි.ව. 1950 දශකයේ මැද වනවිට බී.ඩී. රම්පාල මහතාගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මහා පරිමාණ මගී ප්‍රවාහන සේවය ආරම්භ විය.

දෛනික සේවා

දැනට නතරකොට ඇති සේවා
බෝට්මේල් එක්ස්ප්‍රස්
ඉන්දියාව සහ සිලෝන් අතර සේවාවකි.
 හිජ්රා - කොළඹ සිට මඩකලපුව හා ත්‍රිකුණාමලය දක්වා

විශේෂ සේවා

 අනුරාධපුර සිට මිහින්තලේ දක්වා - පොසොන් උත්සවයට සමගාමී ව
 බ්‍රැඩ්ලි එක්ස්ප්‍රස්

වෙනත්

 එයාපෝට් එක්ස්ප්‍රස් - කොළඹ මහලේකම් කාර්යාල දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ සිට බණ්ඩාරනායක ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන්තොටුපොළ දක්වා Hitachi Class S5 DMU4 දුම්රියකින් ගමන් කෙරේ.
 වය්ස්රෝයි විශේෂ - කොළඹ සිට මහනුවර; බදුල්ල හෝ ගාල්ල දක්වා සංචාරක ගමනාන්ත වෙත දිවෙන වාෂ්ප දුම්රියකි.


Aloys Schmidt (* 13. Februar 1892 in Erfurt; † 29. Februar 1980 in Worms) war ein deutscher Archivar.

Leben

Der gebürtige Erfurter Aloys Schmidt wandte sich nach abgelegtem Abitur 1911 den Studien der Geschichte und Philologie an den Universitäten München, Marburg und Königsberg zu, die er, unterbrochen durch seine Teilnahme am Ersten Weltkrieg, 1919 in Königsberg mit dem Erwerb des akademischen Grades eines Dr. phil. abschloss.

Aloys Schmidt, der in der Folge in den Archivdienst eintrat, erhielt eine Assistentenstelle am Staatsarchiv in Wiesbaden, 1923 erfolgte seine Beförderung zum Staatsarchivrat. 1924 wechselte Schmidt ins Staatsarchiv Magdeburg, 1929 in jenes nach Koblenz. 1940 wurde er zum Kommissar für Archivwesen in Luxemburg, gleichzeitig zum Direktor des Staatsarchivs Luxemburg bestellt, 1944 übernahm er den Posten des Staatsarchivdirektors in Hannover, 1946 wurde ihm die Leitung des Zonalen Archivlagers in Goslar übertragen, die er bis 1947 innehatte.

Nach seiner Rückkehr ans Staatsarchiv Koblenz wurde er 1949 zum Direktor gewählt, eine Funktion, die er bis zu seiner Verabschiedung in den Ruhestand 1958 innehielt. Zusätzlich oblag ihm in diesem Zeitraum die Leitung der Landesarchivverwaltung von Rheinland-Pfalz. Schmidt, der nach seiner Pensionierung den Vorsitz des Vereins für Geschichte und Kunst des Mittelrheins übernahm, bearbeitete unter anderem das Urkundenbuch des Eichfelds, dessen Erster Band 1933 erschien.

Ehrungen
 1972: Verdienstkreuz am Bande der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Weitere Publikationen
 Geschichte der Familie Nürnbergk (Quedlinburg-Eisleben). Hopfer, Burg bei Magdeburg 1929.
 Mit Franz Theunert: Heimatchronik der Stadt und des Landkreises Koblenz. Archiv für Deutsche Heimatpflege, Köln 1955.
 Das Archiv des Campo Santo Teutonico : Nebst geschichtlicher Einleitung. Herder, Rom/ Freiburg/ Wien 1967.
 Mit Hermann Haupt: Winand von Steeg (1371 - 1453), ein mittelrheinischer Gelehrter und Künstler und die Bilderhandschrift über Zollfreiheit des Bacharacher Pfarrweins auf dem Rhein aus dem Jahr 1426. (= Handschrift 12 des Bayerischen Geheimen Hausarchivs zu München). Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München 1977, ISBN 3-7696-0076-2.
 Mit Martina Knichel: Das Memorienbuch von St. Kastor in Koblenz. Edition und Erläuterung. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte, Mainz 2000, ISBN 3-929135-26-4.

Literatur

 Werner Schuder (Hrsg.): Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender. Band 2, 10. Ausgabe, Berlin 1966, S. 2164.
 Walther Killy und Rudolf Vierhaus (Hrsg.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie. Band 9, K.G. Saur Verlag, München 1996 ISBN 3-598-23163-6, S. 2.

Weblinks

Archivar (Koblenz)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Deutscher
Geboren 1892
Gestorben 1980
Mann

Aloys Schmidt (Archivar)


Le Goff ist ein besonders in Frankreich verbreiteter Familienname.

Herkunft und Bedeutung des Namens
Der Name ist bretonischen Ursprungs. In der bretonischen Sprache bedeutet er "Schmied" (in modernem Bretonisch: gov; dieselbe Wurzel weisen u. a. die keltischen Schmiedegottheiten und Sagengestalten Govannon, Goibniu, Gobanos auf).

Namensträger
 Jacques Le Goff (1924–2014), französischer Historiker
 Nicolas Le Goff (* 1992), französischer Volleyballspieler
 Paul Le Goff (1883–1915), französischer Bildhauer
 René Le Goff (1944–2010), französischer Sportfunktionär
 Vincent Le Goff (* 1989), französischer Fußballspieler

Varianten
 Le Goffic (vgl. Charles Le Goffic)
 An Gof (vgl. Michael An Gof)

Siehe auch
 Goff

Einzelnachweise

Familienname

Le Goff


Ileana Dorina Bulic (n. 22 iunie 1942, Vârșeț)  este o filologă și traducătoare română. Ea este fiica lui Adam Bulic.

Biografie
Ileana Dorina Bulic a absolvit liceul român la Vârșeț iar Facultatea de Filologie, Secția limba și literatura română, la Universitatea din Belgrad.

Activitate
Ileana Dorina Bulic a redactat publicațiile în limba română la filiala din Novi Sad a Institutului pentru Editarea Manualelor din Belgrad. De asemenea, a fost consilier pentru relații internaționale al Secretarului pentru învățământ, știință și cultură al PSA Voivodina. Între 1983 și 1990 a fost director adjunct la Institutul de Statistică al Provinciei Voivodina. A scris cartea Profesorul Știe-Tot și a fost membră a Societății de Limba Română din Voivodina unde a avut funcția de secretar și redactor-șef.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Ecaterina Țarălungă, Enciclopedia identității românești, Editura Litera, București, 2011

Nașteri în 1942
Nașteri pe 22 iunie
filologi români
traducători români

Ileana Dorina Bulic


Glover Trophy ili Richmond Trophy je bila automobilistička utrka koja se vozila na stazi Goodwood u Engleskoj. Od 1949. do 1965., utrka Glover Trophy je bila neprvenstvena utrka Formule 1, ali nikad nije bila dio kalendara Svjetskog prvenstva Formule 1. Stirling Moss je 1962. na ovoj utrci doživio veliki incident, nakon kojeg je bio mjesec dana u komi. Sljedećih šest mjeseci, lijeva strana Mossovog tijela je bila djelomično paralizirana. Moss se oporavio, ali je incident na ovoj utrci označio kraj njegove automobilističke karijere.

Pobjednici
Richmond Trophy

Glover Trophy

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Richmond Trophy - Chicane F1
Glover Trophy - Chicane F1

Glover Trophy
Šport u Engleskoj

Glover Trophy


Amenemopet est un prince égyptien de la , fils d'.

Il est connu grâce à la stèle C, trouvée dans le temple du sphinx d'. Il est identifié comme un fils de ce pharaon sur la base de la stèle, qui est stylistiquement datable du règne d'. Il est possible qu'il soit le prince Amenemopet représenté sur la stèle de la nourrice royale Senetrouiou.

Notes et références

Index égyptologique
Enfant royal de l'Égypte antique
XVIIIe dynastie égyptienne

Amenemopet (fils d'Amenhotep II)


Nikolaus Friedrich Wilhelm von Oldenburg (10 de agosto de 1897 - 3 de abril de 1970) foi membro tanto do Partido Nazista quanto da Sturmabteilung, a força paramilitar da legenda. Em 1941, Nikolaus von Oldenburg escreveu uma carta para Heinrich Himmler, o comandante da Schutzstaffel e um dos arquitetos do Holocausto, perguntando se ele poderia ajudá-lo a comprar propriedades confiscadas dos judeus no Leste Europeu. É avô paterno da deputada alemã Beatrix von Storch, filiada ao partido Alternativa para a Alemanha.

Naturais de Oldemburgo (Baixa Saxônia)
Grão-Duques de Oldemburgo

Nicolau de Oldemburgo


Der Gelb- oder Ockerbraune Trichterling (Infundibulicybe gibba, Syn.: Clitocybe gibba) ist eine Pilzart aus der Familie der Ritterlingsverwandten (Tricholomataceae). Der mehr oder weniger ockerbräunliche Trichterling mit den weißlichen Lamellen erscheint von Ende Juni bis Oktober in Laubmisch- und gelegentlich auch in Nadelwäldern.

Merkmale

Makroskopische Merkmale
Der Hut ist 3–8 cm breit, sehr jung gewölbt, doch verflacht er schnell und ist schon bald trichterförmig vertieft. In der Mitte hat der cremefarbene oder leder- bis ockerbraune, bisweilen fleischrosa getönte Hut meist einen kleinen stumpfen Buckel. Beim Eintrocknen verblasst die Farbe. Die Oberfläche ist kahl und der Rand anfangs stark eingerollt, bei älteren Fruchtkörpern ist er mehr oder weniger gerippt und oft wellig verbogen.

Die jung weißlichen, später cremefarben Lamellen stehen sehr gedrängt und laufen weit am Stiel herab. Einige sind bisweilen gegabelt. Bei älteren Fruchtkörpern sind die Lamellen mehr cremefarben. Das Sporenpulver ist weiß.

Der 3–6 cm lange und 0,3–0,8 cm breite, schlank wirkende Stiel ist mehr oder weniger zylindrisch und an der Basis oft leicht keulig oder verdickt. Er ist zäh, voll bis ausgestopft und erst im Alter hohl. Der weißliche oder zumindest deutlich heller als der Hut gefärbte Stiel hat an der Basis einen weißlichen Myzelfilz.

Das weiße, blass lederfarbene Fleisch ist recht zäh und zum Hutrand hin recht dünn. Der Geruch ist angenehm süßlich bis bittermandelartig und der Geschmack mild.

Mikroskopische Merkmale
Die glatten, elliptisch bis tropfenförmigen Sporen sind 5,5–7,5 µm lang und 3,5–4,5 µm breit.

Artabgrenzung
Der essbare Fuchsige Rötelritterling (Paralepista flaccida) kann recht ähnlich sein, ist aber meist kräftiger rotbraun bis rostorange gefärbt und hat leicht vom Hutfleisch lösbare Lamellen. Sein Hut ist nicht gebuckelt.

Der Pilz könnte mit dem südeuropäischen, stark aromatisch riechenden Parfümierten Trichterling (Paralepistopsis amoenolens) verwechselt werden, der zumindest in wärmeren Regionen in Süd- und Südwestdeutschland vorkommen könnte. Dieser Pilz hat in Frankreich und Italien schwere Vergiftungen hervorgerufen.

Außerdem kann der Ockerbraune Trichterling mit anderen Arten der Gattung verwechselt werden. Der etwas seltenere Kerbrandige Trichterling (Infundibulicybe costata) ist etwas dunkler gefärbt und hat einen auffallend höckrig gerippten Rand. Sein Stiel ist wie der Hut ockerbraun gefärbt. Auch der Schuppige Trichterling (Infundibulicybe squamulosa) sieht ähnlich aus. Er hat eine feinschuppige Huthaut und sein Hut ist, wie auch der Stiel, meist dunkler fleisch- bis rostbraun gefärbt. Auch die Sporen sind etwas kleiner. Man findet den Pilz meist in Nadelwäldern. Sehr ähnlich ist der zum I.-gibba-Komplex gehörende Glänzendgelbe Trichterling (Infundibulicybe splendoides), der einen mehr orangegelben Hut hat. Eine sichere Unterscheidung ist nur mit de Mikroskop möglich. Laut Bigelow, der die Art beschrieb, ist das wichtigste Unterscheidungsmerkmal die fehlende Inkrustierung der Huthauthyphen.

Ökologie

Der Ockerbraune Trichterling wächst bevorzugt in dickeren Schichten von Laubstreu, beispielsweise in Gräben an Waldwegrändern. Man findet ihn meist in Rotbuchen-, seltener in Eichen-Hainbuchenwäldern. Besonders häufig ist er in Waldmeister-Buchenwäldern, gefolgt von Haargersten- und Hainsimsen-Buchenwäldern. Er kommt aber auch in Tannen-Buchenwäldern vor. In natürlichen Nadelwäldern findet man ihn nicht oder nur selten, allerdings kann er in reinen Fichtenforsten wachsen. Der Pilz mag lehmige, basenreichere Böden.

Die Fruchtkörper erscheinen ab Ende Juni und sind im August und September am häufigsten. Meist wachsen sie gesellig und oft in Reihen und Ringen. Im Herbst ab Ende Oktober findet man sie nur noch vereinzelt. Die Art erscheint früher als die meisten Trichterlinge, dies scheint kennzeichnend für die ganze Gattung Infundibulicybe zu sein. Der Trichterling kommt vom Tiefland bis ins Bergland vor. Oberhalb von 800 m ist er recht zerstreut, über 900 m selten.

Verbreitung
Der Trichterling ist eine austral-austrosubtropische sowie meridional bis arktische Art. Man findet den Pilz daher in Australien, Nordafrika, Nordamerika und Europa. Er ist in Deutschland und Österreich, sowie in großen Teilen Europas weit verbreitet und wohl nirgendwo wirklich selten.

Systematik
Den Ockerbraunen Trichterling beschrieb erstmals Christian Hendrik Persoon im Jahr 1801. 1871 stellte ihn Paul Kummer in die Gattung Clitocybe. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich die Gattung Clitocybe in mehrere Abstammungslinien aufspaltet. Daher definierte Harri Harmaja die Gattung Infundibulicybe mit Infundibulicybe gibba als Typusart. Einige Autoren sehen auch Clitocybe infundibuliformis (Schaeffer) Quélet als synonym an. Das lateinische Artattribut (Epitheton) leitet sich vom lateinischen Wort 'gibbus' (Höcker oder Buckel) ab.

Bedeutung
Der Ockerbraune Trichterling wird von einigen Autoren als ungenießbar bezeichnet, er gilt nicht als giftig, sondern wird meist als minderwertig bezeichnet. Ohne den zähen Stiel soll er für Pilzmischgerichte geeignet sein. Auch die Positivliste für Speisepilze der DGfM bezeichnet den Trichterling als essbar.

Pharmakologie
Ein Extrakt des Ockerbraunen Trichterlings zeigt im Laborexperiment eine hemmende Wirkung gegenüber Thrombin.

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ritterlingsverwandte
Speisepilzart

Ockerbrauner Trichterling


Etilamfetamin (N-etilamfetamin) je vrsta psihotropne tvari. Uvršten je u Hrvatskoj na temelju Zakona o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga na Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, pod Popis droga i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga, pod 2. Popis psihotropnih tvari i biljaka, Odjeljak 4 - Psihotropne tvari sukladno Popisu 4. Konvencije UN-a o psihotropnim tvarima iz 1971. godine. Kemijsko ime je N-etil-α-metilfenetilamin.

Izvori

Psihotropne tvari

Etilamfetamin


Le Helicopter Training Squadron 18 (HT-18) ou HELTRARON EIGHTEEN  est un escadron d'entraînement d'hélicoptères du Naval Air Training Command de l'US Navy. Créé en 1972, il est basé actuellement à la Naval Air Station Whiting Field, en Floride. Il est l'un des trois escadrons d'hélicoptères du Training Air Wing Five (TRAWING FIVE).

Mission
La mission de l'escadron est la formation des pilotes d'hélicoptère pour les étudiants aviateurs navals de l'US Navy, du US Marine Corps et de la garde côtière américaine et pour certains étudiants militaires étrangers, de la formation de base au vol d'hélicoptère. Les étudiants aviateurs de la marine se présentent au HT-18 pour la formation en hélicoptère à la fin de la formation en vol principale menée dans le simulateur de vol du T-6B Texan II. Le HT-18 pilote à la fois le TH-57B Sea Ranger et le TH-57C Sea Ranger. L'unité a la lettre E en code de queue.

Historique

Le HT-18 a été créé le  pour assumer le rôle de formation avancée des pilotes d'hélicoptère de l'escadron d'entraînement d'hélicoptères EIGHT (HT-8) comme escadron d'entraînement primaire. La création du HT-18 était nécessaire pour répondre aux besoins croissants de pilotes formés à l'hélicoptère de la Marine, du Corps des Marines et de la Garde côtière. L'escadron était initialement équipé du TH-1L Iroquois du HT-8. Au début des années 1980, les TH-1L de l'escadron ont été remplacés par une version entièrement instrumentée du populaire Bell 206 Jet Ranger commercial appelé TH-57C Sea Ranger.

Le , HT-8 et HT-18 sont devenus des escadrons "miroirs", les deux escadrons menant une formation allant de la formation de base à la formation avancée utilisant le TH-57A pour les phases de base et le TH-57C pour les phases avancées. À la fin des années 80, le TH-57A avait été remplacé par une version du Bell 206B-3 désignée TH-57B Sea Ranger. Depuis lors, le HT-18 a formé et piloté la Marine, le Corps des Marines, la Garde côtière et certains pilotes militaires étrangers à l'aide du simulateur de vol basique TH-57B et du simulateur de vol avancé TH-57C.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 Naval Air Training Command
 Histoire de l'United States Navy

Liens externes
 NAS Whiting Field Community
 HT-18 Vigilant Eagles - Site cnatra.navy.mil
  Naval Air Training Command - Site jetwashaviationphotos.com

Training squadron de l'United States Navy

HT-18


فانوس رمضان أحد المظاهر الشّعبيّة في مصر. وهو أيضا واحد من الفنون الفلكلورية الّتي نالت اهتمام الفنّانين والدّارسين حتّى أن البعض قام بدراسة أكاديميّة لظهوره وتطوره وارتباطه بشهر الصّوم ثمّ تحويله إلى قطعة جميلة من الدّيكور العربي في الكثير من البيوت المصريّة الحديثة.

الفانوس في صدر الإسلام
.

أصل الفانوس
هناك العديد من القصص عن أصل الفانوس. أحد هذه القصص أن الخليفة الفاطمي كان يخرج إلى الشوارع ليلة الرؤية ليستطلع هلال شهر رمضان، وكان الأطفال يخرجون معه ليضيؤوا له الطريق.كان كل طفل يحمل فانوسه ويقوم الأطفال معاً بغناء بعض الأغاني الجميلة تعبيراً عن سعادتهم باستقبال شهر رمضان.

هناك قصة أخرى عن أحد الخلفاء الفاطميين أنه أراد أن يضئ شوارع القاهرة طوال ليالي شهر رمضان، فأمر كل شيوخ المساجد بتعليق فوانيس يتم إضاءتها عن طريق شموع توضع بداخلها.وتروى قصة ثالثة أنه خلال العصر الفاطمي، لم يكن يُسمح للنساء بترك بيوتهن إلا في شهر رمضان وكان يسبقهن غلام يحمل فانوساً لتنبيه الرجال بوجود سيدة في الطريق لكي يبتعدوا. بهذا الشكل كانت النساء تستمتعن بالخروج وفي نفس الوقت لا يراهن الرجال. وبعد أن أصبح للسيدات حرية الخروج في أي وقت، ظل الناس متمسكين بتقليد الفانوس حيث يحمل الأطفال الفوانيس ويمشون في الشوارع ويغنون.

أياً كان أصل الفانوس، يظل الفانوس رمز خاص بشهر رمضان خاصةً في مصر. لقد انتقل هذا التقليد من جيل إلى جيل ويقوم الأطفال الآن بحمل الفوانيس في شهر رمضان والخروج إلى الشوارع وهم يغنون ويؤرجحون الفوانيس. قبل رمضان ببضعة أيام، يبدأ كل طفل في التطلع لشراء فانوسه، كما أن كثير من الناس أصبحوا يعلقون فوانيس كبيرة ملونة في الشوارع وأمام البيوت والشقق وحتى على الشجر.

أول من عرف فانوس رمضان هم المصريين.. وذلك يوم دخول المعز لدين الله الفاطمي مدينة القاهرة قادما من الغرب.. وكان ذلك في يوم الخامس من رمضان عام 358 هجرية.. وخرج المصريون في موكب كبير جدا اشترك فيه الرجال والنساء والأطفال على أطراف الصحراء الغربية من ناحية الجيزة للترحيب بالمعز الذي وصل ليلا.. وكانوا يحملون المشاعل والفوانيس الملونة والمزينة وذلك لإضاءة الطريق إليه.. وهكذا بقيت الفوانيس تضئ الشوارع حتى آخر شهر رمضان.. لتصبح عادة يلتزم بها كل سنة.. ويتحول الفانوس رمزا للفرحة وتقليدا محببا في شهر رمضان..

انتشار ظاهرة الفانوس المصري إلى العالم

صناعة الفانوس

ليست صناعة الفوانيس صناعة موسمية، ولكنها مستمرة طوال العام حيث يتفنن صناعها في ابتكار أشكال ونماذج مختلفة، وتخزينها ليتم عرضها للبيع في رمضان الذي يعد موسم رواج هذه الصناعة.وتعد مدينة القاهرة المصرية من أهم المدن الإسلامية التي تزدهر فيها هذه الصناعة.وهناك مناطق معينة مثل منطقة تحت الربع القريبة من حي الأزهر.. والغورية.. ومنطقة بركة الفيل بالسيدة زينب من أهم المناطق التي تخصصت في صناعة الفوانيس.

وفي جولة في منطقة تحت الربع تجد أشهـر ورش الصناعة وكذلك أشهر العائلات التي تتوارثها جيلا ًبعد جيل. وتعتبر الفوانيس المصرية عمرها طويل، وقد شهدت هذه الصناعة تطوراً كبيراً في الآونة الأخيرة، فبعد أن كان الفانوس عبارة عن علبة من الصفيح توضع بداخلها شمعة، تم تركيب الزجاج مع الصفيح مع عمل بعض الفتحات التي تجعل الشمعة تستمر في الاشتعال. ثم بدأت مرحلة أخرى تم فيها تشكيل الصفيح وتلوين الزجاج ووضع بعض النقوش والأشكال.وكان ذلك يتم يدوياً وتستخدم فيه المخلفات الزجاجية والمعدنية، وكان الأمر يحتاج إلى مهارة خاصة ويستغرق وقتا طويلا.

أنواع الفوانيس
وتوجد بعض الفوانيس المعقدة من ناحية تصميمها مثل الفانوس المعروف «بالبرلمان» والذي سمى بذلك نسبة إلى فانوس مشابه كان معلقا في قاعة البرلمان المصري في الثلاثينات من القرن الماضي.وكذلك الفانوس المسمى «فاروق» والذي يحمل اسم ملك مصر السابق والذي كان قد صمم خصيصاً لاحتفال القصر الملكي بيوم ميلاده، وتم شراء ما يزيد على 500 فانوس من هذا النوع يومها لتزيين القصر الملكي.

وقد ظلت صناعة الفانوس تتطور عبر الأزمان حتى ظهر الفانوس الكهربائى الذي يعتمد في إضائته على البطارية واللمبة بدلا من الشمعة.ولم يقف التطور عند هذا الحد بل غزت الصين مصر ودول العالم الإسلامي بصناعة الفانوس الصينى الذي يضيء ويتكلم ويتحرك بل تحول الأمر إلى ظهور أشكال أخرى غير الفانوس ولكن لا تباع إلا في رمضان تحت اسم «الفانوس». رحم الله الأيام فقد تغير الفانوس وتبدل وأصبح نادرا ما ترى طفلا يمسك بالفانوس الزجاجى الملون المحتضن للشمعة المضيئة.

مراجع
 مجلة صندوق الدنيا، عدد 111 مايو 1987م.
 هدى الإسلام، رمضان1403هـ/1983مـ.
 رمضان: الفانوس، المسحراتي، المدفع، دورية كان التاريخية، العدد الأول سبتمبر 2008.
 موسوعة الأوائل، 1418 ه /1997 م

وصلات داخلية
 مدفع رمضان
 مسحراتي

الإسلام في مصر
ثقافة مصرية
رمضان
رموز مسيحية
تراث شعبي مصري
مصابيح
مصر القديمة

فانوس رمضان


Bossa nova is a style of music.

Bossa Nova or Bossanova may also refer to:

Bossa Nova (dance), a dance form associated with the music

Film and TV
Bossa Nova (film), a 2000 film
Bossa Nova (1964 film), a 1964 film

Music
Bossanova (band), a Canadian band

Albums
Bossa Nova (Shorty Rogers album), 1962
Bossa Nova (Ramsey Lewis album), 1962
Bossa Nova (Bola Sete album), 1962
Bossa Nova: New Brazilian Jazz, 1962
Bossa Nova (Eddie Harris album), 1963
Bossa Nova U.S.A. (jazz album) Australian album by Dave Brubeck Quartet, 1963
Bossanova (Pixies album), 1990
Bossa Nova 2001 (pop album) Japanese album by Pizzicato Five, 1993
Bossanova Swap Meet, Atomic Swing, 1994
Bossa Nova (John Pizzarelli album), 2004

Songs
"Bossanova", by Quincy Jones
"Bossanova" by Laibach
"Bossanova" by Estopa
"Bossanova Jazz"	by Lionel Hampton
"Nova Bossanova"	by Glaxo Babies

Companies
Bossa Nova Robotics, an American robotics startup

See also

 List of bossa nova standards
 Novas Bossas (album) 2008 Brazilian album by Milton Nascimento
 Bossa Nova, Nova Bossa (album) 1963 Brazilian LP by Manfredo Fest
 Nova Bossa Nova (band) Brazilian jazz ensemble
 Father of Bossa Nova

Bossa nova (disambiguation)


Le Bangladesh Ansar (également connu sous le nom d'Ansar Bahini) est une force auxiliaire paramilitaire chargée de préserver la sécurité intérieure et de faire respecter la loi au Bangladesh. Elle est administrée par le ministère de l'Intérieur du gouvernement du Bangladesh. Il s'agit de la plus grande force paramilitaire au monde.

Étymologie
Le nom provient du mot arabe « ansar », qui désigne un « volontaire ». Les Ansar étaient les habitants de Médine qui, selon la tradition islamique, ont accueilli chez eux le prophète Mahomet et ses disciples (les Muhajirun) lorsqu'ils ont émigré de La Mecque pendant la hijra.

La force de l'Ansar a été formée sous le nom d'« Ansars du Pakistan oriental » par la loi sur les Ansars du Pakistan oriental de 1948, et a été officiellement lancée le . Le premier directeur de l'Ansar était James Buchanan, un fonctionnaire britannique nommé par le gouvernement de Khawaja Nazimuddin, alors ministre en chef du Bengale oriental. La force était placée sous l'administration du ministère de l'Intérieur de la province du Bengale oriental (connue plus tard sous le nom de Pakistan oriental).

L'accent était mis sur le recrutement dans les zones frontalières, où les Ansars étaient déployés pour interdire la contrebande et empêcher les émigrants de sortir illégalement des objets de valeur du pays. La force s'est rapidement développée. Au début de 1949, on comptait . Pendant la guerre indo-pakistanaise de 1965, les Ansars ont été déployés dans les zones frontalières avec les  pour soutenir l'armée pakistanaise.

Histoire

Guerre d'indépendance du Bangladesh
Pendant la guerre d'indépendance du Bangladesh en 1971, la plupart des Ansar ont rejoint les guérilleros des Forces du Bangladesh pour lutter contre l'armée pakistanaise. Le ,  de l'Ansar ont présenté une garde d'honneur au gouvernement du Bangladesh en exil au 8 Theatre road. En conséquence, les Ansars ont été dissous par le gouvernement pakistanais.

Post-indépendance
Après l'indépendance du Bangladesh, la force a été reconstituée sous le nom de Bangladesh Ansar. Le gouvernement du président Ziaur Rahman a redonné de l'importance à l'Ansar, qu'il a désigné comme la  et a formé des bataillons Ansar.

Levée des bataillons Ansar
En 1976,  d'Ansar ont été constitués, à l'instar des bataillons de la police armée, afin d'augmenter les effectifs des forces de sécurité. Actuellement,  Ansar masculins et deux féminins sont déployés dans tout le pays. Les bataillons Ansar sont principalement déployés dans les Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) pour les opérations de contre-insurrection (CIO) et dans la région sud-ouest du pays pour les opérations de contre-terrorisme.

Mutinerie de 1994 et réformes
En 1994, une mutinerie contre les bas salaires et les traitements injustes a été réprimée par les . Cela a entraîné une série de réformes par les gouvernements successifs, notamment la loi Ansar Bahini (1995), la loi Battalion Ansar (1995) et la loi  (1995). En vertu de ces lois, l'Ansar Bahini et les bataillons Ansars ont été déclarés  conformément à l'article 152 de la Constitution. Le gouvernement a également créé la Ansar VDP Unnayan Bank où les membres de l'Ansar-VDP avaient droit à des prêts et à des actions.

En 1998, le Bangladesh Ansar et le VDP ont été récompensés par le National Standard, et en 2004, ils ont reçu l'Independence Day Award. En , le service des bataillons Ansars a été placé sous le régime de l'échelle nationale de rémunération, et ils ont eu droit à des rations familiales et à un uniforme de combat. En 2006, le rôle de l'Ansar- VDP a été étendu pour lutter contre la montée du militantisme. En 2016, l'Ansar Striking Force, une unité d'élite de , a été créée pour assurer la sécurité des diplomates.

Rôle
Les missions déclarées d'Ansar sont les suivantes :

 D'assister le gouvernement ou toute autorité relevant du gouvernement en matière de sécurité publique ;
 Participer à toute activité d'intérêt public, conformément aux instructions du gouvernement, afin d'améliorer les conditions socio-économiques du pays ;
 Assister les forces de l'ordre dans la sécurité métropolitaine et industrielle ;
 Assister les forces armées du Bangladesh dans la défense nationale en temps de guerre ;
 Assurer la sécurité des personnalités nationales, des CIP et des diplomates, conformément aux instructions du gouvernement ;
 Participer à toute activité de gestion des catastrophes selon les instructions du gouvernement.

Les membres d'Ansar participent également à des programmes d'expansion de l'éducation, de plantation d'arbres, de contrôle de la population, d'émancipation des femmes et d'activités sanitaires.

Organisation
Actuellement, il existe trois branches d'Ansar Bahini :  Ansar général, le bataillon Ansar et la force de défense des villages. Leur effectif combiné est de plus de six millions de personnes, ce qui constitue la plus grande force paramilitaire ou individuelle au monde.

L'Ansar est dirigée par un directeur général, qui dirige également le Parti de défense des villages (PDV).

Quartier général
Le quartier général de l'Ansar est situé à Khilgaon, Dacca et les installations d'entraînement se trouvent à l'Académie Ansar & VDP du Bangladesh à Shafipur, Gazipur, au nord de la capitale.

Références

Organisme fondé en 1948
Forces armées du Bangladesh

Bangladesh Ansar


Most na Panju u selu Donjem Biteliću, općina Hrvace, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Most je izgrađen nad Cetinom u razdoblju od 1895. – 1905. god. Ima sedam lučnih otvora na pilonima s uzvodnim i nizvodnim zaobljenim kljunom. Građen je od pravokutnog kamena ujednačene veličine. Ogradni zidovi mosta teku po cijeloj dužini, a između donjeg konstruktivnog dijela i ograde mosta umetnut je kameni vijenac. Most predstavlja izuzetnu gradnju kraja 19. st., a po konstrukciji i arhitektonskom izgledu srodan je s ostalim mostovima građenim u to vrijeme u Dalmaciji. Nizvodni i uzvodni izgled mosta zadržao je svoje izvorne oblike, te je srastao s okolinom u skladnu cjelinu.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5029 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Cestovni mostovi u Hrvatskoj
Hrvace

Most na Panju u Donjemu Biteliću


Edison, američki film iz 2005. godine.

Sažetak
Pišući svoj redovni članak, mladi i ambiciozni novinar Pollack uočio je činjenicu koja ukazuje na korupciju unutar policije. Željan dokazivanja, išao je istraživati. Shvaća da je tu cijela mreža, i ljudi u policiji i ljudi u visokoj politici. Zbilja je da sam takvu korupcijsku hobotnicu ne može sam riješiti.

Američki filmovi 2000-ih
Trileri

Edison (2005.)


Jokovići su naseljeno mjesto u sastavu općine Zenice, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH. Nalaze se podno uzvisine Mrtovačke grede (729 m) i nedaleko od uzvisine Gradine (593 m). U blizini je rudnik ugljena Zenica. U selu je jedna muslimanska i jedna katolička bogomolja.

Povijest
Prvi povijesni spomen im je pod imenom Viokovići, kao zaseok sela Graje. Vrelo u kojem se spominju je Opširni popis sandžaka Bosne iz 1604. godine i imala je osam muslimana. U selu je tad bio mlin. Na popisu 1895. Graja je s Viokovićima (Jokovići) imala 37 naseljenih i jednu nenaseljenu kuću, 223 stanovnika, od čega 191 muslimana i 32 katolika. Podrijetlo imena Jokovića je kršćansko i dolazi od prezimena prvih stanovnika sela (Jokovići i Viokovići). Podrijetlo imena sela Graje neki izvode po množini vrana, graja, nekada mnogo brojnijih ovdje. Vjerojatno je bilo zbog dostupnosti hrane. Planinska greda u blizini zove se Negraj. Ime Graje može biti u svezi s ovdje brojnim toponimima Grad, Gradac, Gradina pa i Negraj(d).

Godine 1981. pripojeni su naselju Gradišću (Sl.list SRBiH 28/81 i 33/81)

Kultura
Jedna mala kapelica nalazi se u groblju u Gradišću, u Graji.

Stanovništvo
Prema popisu 1981. ovdje su živjeli:

 Muslimani - 1621
 Hrvati - 127
 Srbi - 63
 Jugoslaveni - 3
 UKUPNO: 1814

Izvor

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Zenica

Jokovići


Bulevardul Carol I este o arteră din Sectorul 2 din București, ce pornește de la Piața Universității și se termină la Piața Pache Protopopescu. Se continuă cu Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta în vest, și cu Bulevardul Pache Protopopescu în est. La Piața C.A. Rosetti, se intersectează cu Bulevardul Hristo Botev. De asemenea se mai intersectează și cu Calea Moșilor. În perioada interbelică, au circulat și tramvaie, tramvaiul 14 și tramvaiul 24, în cele din urmă acestea au fost deviate, iar linia a fost scoasă. În timpul regimului comunist, bulevardul se numea Bulevardul Republicii.

Clădiri și monumente
 Palatul Ministerului Agriculturii și Domeniilor
 Teatrul Foarte Mic
 Blocul Societatea "Astra Română"
 Biserica Armenească
 Piața C. A. Rosetti
 Monumentul lui C. A. Rosetti

Legături externe

Bulevarde din București
Carol I al României
Străzi din sectorul 2

Bulevardul Regele Carol I