Paul Albert Anka (d. 30 Temmuz 1941, Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada) Lübnan asıllı Kanadalı şarkıcı ve söz yazarı.

12 yaşında profesyonel kariyerine başladı. 1956'daki I Confess adlı ilk parçasının kaydını babasından aldığı parayla yaptı. Ama o plak sadece 300 tane sattı. Sonraki parçası Diana ise 9 milyon satışa ulaştı.

Buddy Holly'nin söylediği It Doesn't Matter Anymore, Tom Jones'un popüler hale getirdiği She's A Lady adlı besteler onundur. Ayrıca Claude François'nın Comme D'habitude adlı ünlü bestesine My Way olarak İngilizce sözleri Paul Anka yazmıştır. Ayrıca yazdığı reklam müzikleri de yazıldıkları zamanda büyük bir üne kavuştu. Örneğin bir fotoğraf makinesi firması için yazdığı "Times Of Your Life" adlı şarkı piyasaya sürüldüğü zamanda çok sevilmişti.

Kendi adına birçok televizyon şovu yaptı.1957'de "Diana" şarkısı dünya çapında üne kavuştu. 1961 yılında "Time" dergisi onun besteci ve sözyazarı kimliğini ön plana çıkarttı. Kanada Ottawa'da 27 Nisan Paul Anka günü olarak kutlanmaktadır. 1990'da ABD vatandaşlığına geçti. 2003'te "American Idol" yarışmasında konuk sanatçı olarak sahneye çıktı. Birçok ünlü sanatçıyla beraber düetler yaptı. Paul Anka, Michael Buble, Celine Dion, Ricky Martin, kızı Anthea Anka, Tom Jones ve Frank Sinatra ile aynı sahneyi paylaştı.

Oynadığı filmlerinden bazıları
1959 da Girls Town, 1962 de The Longest Day ve 1992 de Captain Ron gibi filmlerde rol aldı.

Albümleri
 2005: Rock Swings # 9 UK
 1998: A Body of Work
 1989: Somebody loves you
 1975: Times of Your Life
 1974: Having My Baby (duet  Odia Coates)
 1974: I Don't Like to Sleep Alone (duet  Odia Coates)
 1974: One Man Woman/One Woman Man (duet  Odia Coates)
 1963: SOng I wish I'd Written
 1962: Young, Alive and in Love
 1961: Tonight My Love, Tonight
 1960:  Anka at the Copa
 1959: It's Time to Cry 1959: Lonely Boy 1959: I Miss You So 1959: (All of A Sudden) My Heart Sings 1959: Puppy Love 1959: Put Your Head on My Shoulder 1958: Crazy Love 1958: You Are My Destiny 1957: Diana''

Dış bağlantılar
 Paul Anka Resmi Web Sitesi

 Allmovie'de Paul Anka
 YouTube'da Paul Anka

1941 doğumlular
Amerikalı erkek sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı erkek pop şarkıcıları
Kanadalı erkek sinema oyuncuları
Kanadalı şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
Kanadalı pop şarkıcıları
Yaşayan insanlar
20. yüzyıl erkek şarkıcıları
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
Amerikalı erkek şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
Balad müzisyenleri

Paul Anka


Thaïs or Thais (; flourished 4th century BC) was a famous Greek hetaira who accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns. Likely from Athens, she is most famous for instigating the burning of Persepolis. At the time, Thaïs was the lover of Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander's close companions and generals. It has been suggested that she may also have been Alexander's lover, on the basis of Athenaeus's statement that Alexander liked to "keep Thaïs with him", but this may simply mean he enjoyed her company, as she is said to have been very witty and entertaining. Athenaeus also says that after Alexander's death Ptolemy married Thaïs, who bore three of his children, and may also have become a Queen of Egypt.

Burning of Persepolis
Thaïs supposedly came from Athens and accompanied Alexander throughout his campaigns in Asia. She came to the attention of history when, in 330 BC, Alexander burned down the palace of Persepolis, the principal residence of the defeated Achaemenid dynasty, after a drinking party. Thaïs was present at the party and gave a speech which convinced Alexander to burn the palace. Cleitarchus claims that the destruction was a whim; Plutarch and Diodorus assert that it was intended as retribution for Xerxes' burning of the old Temple of Athena on the Acropolis in Athens (the site of the extant Parthenon) in 480 BC during the Persian Wars.

It has been argued that Thaïs was at this time Alexander's lover. T. D. Ogden suggests that Ptolemy took her over at some later point, though other writers believe she was always Ptolemy's companion.

Later life
Thaïs's subsequent career is uncertain. According to Athenaeus (who lived more than five centuries later), she married her lover Ptolemy, who became king of Egypt, after Alexander's death. Even if they were not actually married, their relationship seems to have acquired "quasi-legal status". She gave Ptolemy three children, two boys and a girl:
 Lagus, who is known from a reference to his victory in a chariot race in the Lycaea, an Arcadian festival, in 308/307.
 Alexander Leontiscus, who appears to have been in Cyprus with his sister, as he recorded there as a prisoner taken by Demetrius Poliorcetes in 307 or 306 after his invasion of the island. He was later sent home to Ptolemy.
 Eirene, who was given in marriage to Eunostos, king of Soloi in Cyprus.

Whatever the legal status of their relationship, Thaïs' role in Egypt is unclear. Ptolemy had other wives, first Eurydice of Egypt, and later Berenice I of Egypt, who became his principal consort and mother of his heir.

The date of Thaïs's death is unknown.

Appearances in literature

Her larger-than-life persona has resulted in characters named Thaïs appearing in several literary works, the most famous of which are listed below. In the post-classical period she is commonly portrayed in literature and art as Alexander's rather than Ptolemy's lover.

Classical
In Terence's play Eunuchus, there is a female protagonist who is a courtesan named Thaïs after the historical figure. Thaïs' words from the play are quoted in Cicero's essay De Amicitia.

In Ovid's Remedia Amoris (383), Thaïs is contrasted with Andromache, Andromache being the epitome of the loyal wife, while Thaïs is taken to be the epitome of sex. Thaïs, says Ovid, is the subject of his art.

Athenaeus's book The Deipnosophists records a number of remarks attributed to Thaïs. She "said once to a boastful lover of hers, who had borrowed some goblets from a great many people, and said that he meant to break them up, and make others of them, 'You will destroy what belongs to each private person'." Another time, when asked who she was visiting she said "To dwell with Aegeus, great Pandion's son," - a witty way of describing an unknown patron as a smelly goat (Aegeus Sea, or Goat Sea, was named after Aegeus the smelly goat son born of Pandion from a bestial relationship).

Post-Classical

In the Divine Comedy, a character called Thaïs is one of just a few women whom Dante Alighieri sees on his journey through Hell (Inferno, XVIII, 133-136). She is located in the circle of the flatterers, plunged in a trench of excrement, having been consigned there, we are told by Virgil, for having uttered to her lover that she was "marvellously" fond of him. Dante's Thaïs may or may not be intended to represent the historical courtesan, but the words ascribed to her derive from Cicero's quotations from Terence.

Thaïs and Alexander the Great are conjured by Faustus in Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus for the amusement of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

Thaïs appears as Alexander's mistress in John Dryden's poem Alexander's Feast, or the Power of Music (1697), which begins with a description of Alexander enthroned with "the lovely Thaïs by his side" who sat "like a blooming eastern bride". The poem's account of the feast ends by comparing Thaïs to Helen of Troy: "Thaïs led the way/To light him to his prey/And like another Helen, fired another Troy." The poem was later set to music as an oratorio, also called Alexander's Feast, by George Frederick Handel. Robert Herrick (1591-1674) in "What Kind of Mistress He Would Have" concludes, "Let her Lucrece all day be, Thaïs in the night to me, Be she such as neither will, Famish me, nor overfill."

Thaïs is a supporting character in two novels by Mary Renault about Alexander the Great: Fire from Heaven and The Persian Boy, as well as in Renault's biography of Alexander, "The Nature of Alexander." She is also a supporting character in Stealing Fire, a novel by Jo Graham about the immediate aftermath of Alexander's death.

Thaïs is the heroine of a 1972 novel by the Russian author Ivan Efremov, Thaïs of Athens. It chronicles her life from meeting Alexander the Great through to her time as queen of Memphis in Egypt.

Other literary figures named Thaïs are references to Thaïs of Alexandria, a Christian saint of a later period, about whom a French novel and an opera were written.

References

External links
A transcript of Cleitarchus's account of the burning of Persepolis
A commentary on the burning of the palace at Persepolis including excerpts from Diodorus and Plutarch
biography by Christopher Bennett

Hetairai
Courtiers of Alexander the Great
Mistresses of Alexander the Great
Women in Hellenistic warfare
4th-century BC Greek people
4th-century BC Greek women
Persepolis

Thaïs


Gotham Knights peut faire référence à :
 Gotham Knights, un jeu vidéo développé par WB Games Montréal.
 Gotham Knights, une série télévisée américaine diffusée sur The CW.

Gotham Knights


Sazlıca, Merzifon - Amasya ili Merzifon ilçesine bağlı köy
 Sazlıca, Karacabey - Bursa ili Karacabey ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Sazlıca, Varto - Muş ili Varto ilçesine bağlı köy
 Sazlıca, Niğde - Niğde ili merkez ilçesine bağlı belde

Sazlıca


¡Qué pasa, NENG! es un videojuego desarrollado por la empresa británica Mere Mortals y distribuido por Atari Ibérica y la empresa holandesa Phoenix Games, lanzado al mercado el 11 de diciembre de 2006 (únicamente en España) para la consola PlayStation 2.

Este videojuego está basado en uno de los personajes creados por el comediante español Edu Soto, el Neng de Castefa, por medio del cual parodia a la tribu urbana de los bakalas y los canis.

¡Qué pasa, NENG! tuvo una acogida predominantemente negativa en los medios especializados tales como el portal de videojuegos español MeriStation, quien le otorgó una nota de 2 sobre 10.

Historia
¡Qué Pasa Neng! no cuenta con un argumento. El modo principal de juego consta de cinco minijuegos en los cuales deberemos superar tres veces la misma prueba para poder obtener un porcentaje mayor al indicado, y así poder avanzar al siguiente minijuego.

Minijuegos

 El embalaje
 Ambulancia
 Spot Konstitu
 La guardia
 La fortuna rueda

Enlaces externos
  MeriStation artículo: ¡Qué Pasa Neng!.

Que pasa neng
Que pasa neng
Videojuegos desarrollados en Reino Unido

¡Qué pasa, NENG! (videojuego)


إى اكس إى (بالإنجليزية exe) هو امتداد للملفات يصلح للعمل على أنظمة التشغيل التابعة لشركة مايكروسوفت مثل دوس وويندوز وما يتبعها من أنظمة تشغيل مثل رياكت.أو.إس وأو إس/2، يعد من أشهر ألإمتدادات في عالم أنظمة التشغيل، وذلك لأنه بجانب تمثيلة لملفات التشغيل لمعظم البرامج، فإنة يصلح لتخزين موارد نظام التشغيل مثل الصور والأيقونات، مايؤهله للعمل على أي واجهة مستخدم رسومية.

ملفات تشغيل بصيغة إى أكس إى

دوس
 ملفات تشغيل دوس أم زد: وهي ملفات التشغيل الأساسية في نظام دوس
 ملفات دوت كوم: وهي ملفات التشغيل للملفات ذات امتداد دوت كوم

أو إس/2
 ملفات تشغيل خطية: وهي ملفات معدة خصيصا للتعامل مع نظام تشغيل أو إس/2 ويمكن تشغيلها على دوس باستخدام أي برنامج لمد الدوس
 ملفات تشغيل خطية مختلطة: نفس النوع السابق ولكنها تعمل مع بعض بيئات ويندوز باستخدام برنامج مد الدوس

ويندوز
 ملف تشغيلي 32 بت: أشهر الملفات بهذا الامتداد، قدم لأول مرة مع ويندوز إن تى وهو الأكثر استخداما مع بيئات ويندوز المتوفرة حاليا
 ملف تشغيل 64-بت: يستخدم هذا النوع مع إصدارات ويندوز الداعمة لمعالجات 64-بت

أنظمة أخرى
بجانب تلك الملفات، توجد العديد من الصيغ المعدلة مثل (W3، w4، wmm3)

انظر أيضا
 صيغة ملف
 أو إس/2
 قائمة بصيغ الملفات

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 Dependency Walker
 MZ EXE header format

إدارة ويندوز
بنية الحاسوب
حوسبة
صيغ ملفات تنفيذية

إي اكس إي (صيفة ملفات)


13093 Wolfgangpauli este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
13093 Wolfgangpauli este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Freimut Börngen. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,99 ua, o excentricitate de 0,06 și o înclinație de 10,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 13001-14000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Asteroizi cu nume de oameni
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

13093 Wolfgangpauli


الأبجدية البيلاروسية استخدمت النصوص السيريلية التي في الأصل أتت من اللغة السلافونية الكنسية القديمة. الشكل الحديث للأبجدية وجد منذ عام 1918 ويحتوي على 32 حرفا، وهي الحروف التي حددت الشكل المحدث للكتابة البيلاروسية التي ما زالت تواجه مشكلة عدم القدرة على تحديد نظام كتابتها. أنظر أيضا أبجدية عربية بيلاروسية وأبجدية لاتينية بيلاروسية.

حروف

تاريخ
كانت الأبجدية السيريلية الوسطى (القرن 11) تتضمن 34 حرفا. خلال تطور الأبجدية البيلاروسية، اسقط خمسة عشر حرفا، وعند وضع نحو اللغة بصورة واضحة تم إسقاط أربع حروف أخرى، وتم ضم 4 حروف أخرى.

الحروف الجديدة هي:

 الحرف <э> ظهر في النصوص البيلاروسية في نهاية القرن الـ15.
 الحرف <й> تطور من الحرف <и> وتم دمجه مع الإشارة الصوتية في نهاية القرن الـ16.
 الحرف <ё> تم تبنيه من الأبجدية الروسية في منتصف القرن الـ19.
 الحرف <ў> تم طلبه على يد اللغوي الروسي بيتر برزسنوف في 1870.

الأبجدية البيلاروسية تشكلت بعدما تم وضع الشكل الأساسي للنحوها الذي استعمل بعد ذلك كنظام لتعلمها في المدارس السوفيتية في 1918. وقبل هذا، العديد من الاختلافات في الحروف قد استعملت بشكل غير رسمي.

في 1920 ما فوق، تم طلب بعض الحروف الجديدة. ومنها، استبدال <й> بـ<ј> (ي سيريلية)، واستبدال <е>, <ё>, <ю>, <я> بـ<је>، واستبدال <ы> بـ<и>...الخ.

اللغوي البيلاروسي يا ستانكيفيتش قد أظهر في أخر أعماله خلفية أخرى للأبجدية.

مصادر

 Да рэформы беларускай азбукі. // Працы акадэмічнае канферэнцыі па рэформе беларускага правапісу і азбукі. – Мн. : [б. м.], 1927.
 Ян Станкевіч. Які мае быць парадак літараў беларускае абэцады [1962] // Ян Станкевіч. Збор твораў у двух тамах. Т. 2. - Мн.: Энцыклапедыкс, 2002. ISBN 985-6599-46-6
 Б. Тарашкевіч. Беларуская граматыка для школ. - Вільня : Беларуская друкарня ім. Фр. Скарыны, 1929 ; Мн. : <Народная асвета>, 1991 [факсімільн.]. - Выданьне пятае пераробленае і пашыранае.
 Што трэба ведаць кожнаму беларусу. Выданне "Вольнае Беларусі". - Менск : друк-ня А. Я. Грынблята, 1918 ; Менск : Беларускае коопэрацыйна-выдавецкае таварыства ″Адраджэньне″, 1991 [факсімільн.]. - Зборнік артыкулау розных аутарау: М. Міцкевіча, Я. Лёсіка, В. Ластоўскаго, М. Багдановіча, Пётр[?] з Арленят і інш.
</small>

وصلات خارجية
 مقدمة الأبجدية البيلاروسية
 مقدمة الأبجدية البيلاروسية الاتينية
 اللغة البيلاروسية تستعمل الأبجدية العربية
 Letter Frequency in Belarusian and Russian
 Беларускі альфабэт

أبجدية سيريلية
أنظمة كتابة مع رموز 4 حروف بإيزو 15924
اللغة البيلاروسية

أبجدية بيلاروسية


Miessaari est une île du golfe de Finlande dans le quartier Matinkylä à Espoo en Finlande.

Géographie
Miessaari est la plus grande île de l'archipel oriental d'Espoo.
Elle a une superficie de 61 hectares.

L'île est séparée de la côte par Miessaarenselkä, et l'île est séparée de ses îles voisines par un détroit appelé Flakaholmssundet.

À l'est de Miessaari se trouve Pieni Miessaari.

Les autres îles voisines sont Flakaholm, Pukkisaari, Pyöräsaari, Knekten et Långholmen.
Le terrain de Miessaari appartient aux propriétés du Sénat et la zone aquatique environnante à la direction des forêts.

Histoire

Forteresse russe

Guerre civile et Seconde Guerre mondiale

Après guerre et situation actuelle
Miessaari est utilisée par les forces armées depuis 1915, lorsque la construction des fortifications maritimes de Krepost Sveaborg a commencé.

Aujourd'hui, l'île est administrée par les forces armées finlandaises et elle est une zone militaire fermée où le débarquement est soumis à autorisation.

Galerie

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Archipel d'Helsinki

Liens externes

Île du golfe de Finlande
Île d'Espoo
Matinkylä
Histoire de la Finlande
Marine finlandaise
Fort en Finlande

Miessaari


Eudo ist der Name folgender Personen:

 Eudo (literarische Figur), Hauptperson einer Teufelspakt-Erzählung in De nugis curialium des Schriftstellers Walter Map aus dem späten 12. Jahrhundert
 Eudo von Aquitanien (auch: Odo; † 735), dux (Herzog) oder princeps (Fürst) von Aquitanien
 Eudo Dapifer (auch: Eudo von Ryes oder Eudo FitzHubert; † 1120), Seneschall ("Dapifer")

Eudo


Nakoleia (Yunanca: Νακώλεια ya da Νακόλεια) aynı zamanda Nakolaion (Νακώλαιον) olarak da bilinir, Frigya'da antik bir şehirdir. Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu bölgesindeki Eskişehir ilinin bugünkü Seyitgazi ilçesine tekabül etmektedir.

İstanbul Rum Ortodoks Kilisesinin piskoposluk bölgeleri
Türkiye'deki eski yerleşim birimleri
Türkiye'deki Roma kentleri
Bizans İmparatorluğu kentleri

Nakoleia


The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog é um videogame visual de point-and-click de 2023 desenvolvido pela Sega Social Team e publicado pela Sega para macOS e Windows. O jogador conversa com vários personagens de Sonic the Hedgehog para investigar o aparente assassinato de Sonic no aniversário de Amy Rose. O jogo foi lançado como freeware em 31 de março de 2023, para coincidir com o Dia da Mentira, e foi recebido positivamente.

Gameplay
Durante os segmentos de investigação, o jogador pode examinar objetos na sala para obter evidências. Uma vez reunidas evidências suficientes, o jogador poderá interrogar os outros personagens na sala e deve apresentar as evidências corretas para confirmar ou refutar as afirmações dos personagens. Assim que o interrogatório estiver concluído, o jogador poderá avançar para a próxima sala. Durante os interrogatórios, o jogador ocasionalmente entrará em um minijogo "Think". Nesses segmentos, o jogador controla Sonic em um jogo de execução automática usando uma perspectiva isométrica e deve coletar anéis enquanto desvia dos perigos que se aproximam. O jogador deve coletar um número alvo de anéis para avançar para a próxima fase do interrogatório, com a dificuldade desses minijogos aumentando conforme o jogo avança.

Trama
Para comemorar o aniversário de Amy Rose, ela e seus amigos Sonic, Tails, Knuckles, Espio, Vector, Rouge, Blaze e Shadow se reúnem no Mirage Express, um trem projetado para eventos especiais, para participar de um jogo de mistério de assassinato. O jogador controla um novo funcionário a bordo do trem, que é orientado pelo condutor para auxiliar os participantes conforme necessário. Logo após o início do jogo, o trem acelera repentinamente e faz com que o jogador, Amy e Tails sejam jogados de volta em um armário de armazenamento e fiquem inconscientes.

Quando eles despertam, Amy, Tails e o jogador retornam ao vagão-restaurante para encontrar Sonic, aparentemente morto. Enquanto Amy começa a investigar por conta própria, o jogador acompanha Tails enquanto eles se movem entre os diferentes carros temáticos, interrogando cada um dos participantes para verificar seus álibis. Progredindo por um salão, uma biblioteca, um cassino e um lounge, Tails e o jogador chegam ao vagão condutor na frente do trem.

Usando as evidências que reuniram ao longo do caminho, Tails e o jogador determinam que Espio era o vilão do jogo de mistério de assassinato e nocautearam Sonic com um dardo. Sem o conhecimento de Espio, ele vinha seguindo as instruções dadas pelo próprio trem, que se revelou ter sido convertido em um badnik gigante pelo Doutor Eggman. Chateado com o maestro por planejar se aposentar e deixá-lo para trás, o trem planeja entregar todos na base de Eggman em troca de uma recompensa, que pretende usar para obrigar o maestro a ficar com ele para sempre.

Todos são arrastados de volta para seus carros e trancados lá dentro. Com a ajuda do jogador, Sonic, já recuperado, sai correndo pelas portas para libertar todos e chegar ao carro condutor. Correndo ao lado do trem, Sonic e os outros o atacam até que o Flicky que o alimenta seja libertado, e Espio o recupera enquanto Amy destrói o trem. Antes da desativação do trem, o condutor promete nunca esquecer suas memórias com ele.

O grupo desembarca em uma estação, com o maestro reunindo-se com a esposa e iniciando a aposentadoria, agora acompanhado do Flicky. Sonic compra um bolo em uma padaria próxima e todos desejam um feliz aniversário a Amy. Em sua base, Eggman lamenta o fracasso de seu plano.

Desenvolvimento e lançamento
The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog foi desenvolvido ao longo de um ano pela equipe de mídia social da marca Sonic, liderada pela atual gerente de mídia social, Katie Chrzanowski.    O conceito do jogo foi concebido durante a estreia do filme Sonic the Hedgehog de 2020.  O jogo foi lançado em 31 de março de 2023 para coincidir com o Dia da Mentira.

Recepção

De acordo com o site agregado de críticas Metacritic, The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog recebeu "críticas geralmente favoráveis". Grayson Morley, da Polygon, elogiou o jogo por ter superado as expectativas de um jogo de piadas gratuito do Dia da Mentira com sua arte, humor, música e sinceridade.

A Eurogamer notou que o jogo foi recebido positivamente pelos jogadores, com as análises de usuários do Steam em seu primeiro fim de semana de lançamento, obtendo uma classificação "extremamente positiva".  De acordo com Chrzanowski, o jogo foi baixado mais de um milhão de vezes na primeira semana.

Jogos para Windows
Visual novels
Jogos eletrônicos para um jogador
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The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog


Petrică Hogiu, né le  à Bistrița, est un fondeur roumain.

Biographie
Membre du club du CSM Bistrita, il fait es débuts internationaux en 2007 dans la Coupe des Balkans, où il monte sur son premier podium en janvier 2008. Il court les Championnats du monde junior en 2008 à Malles Venosta, en 2009 à Praz de Lys, puis 2010 à Hinterzarten, où il remporte la médaille d'argent à la poursuite (), derrière Petr Sedov, mais juste devant Finn Hågen Krogh. Il obtient alors son ticket pour les Jeux olympiques de Vancouver, où il se classe  du sprint classique et  du sprint par équipes, tandis qu'il ne termine pas le dix kilomètres libre.

Le Roumain prend part à son premier championnat du monde, à Oslo en 2011 et réalise son meilleur résultat individuel avec une  sur le trente kilomètres en 2017 à Lahti.

Il fait ses débuts en Coupe du monde lors du Nordic Opening 2011-2012 à Kuusamo. Dans cette compétition, il obtient son meilleur résultat en fin d'année 2020 au quinze kilomètres de Davos, avec une  place.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Hogiu

Championnats du monde

Légende :
  : pas d'épreuve
 — : Non disputée par Hogiu

Championnats du monde junior
 Médaille d'argent sur la poursuite en 2010 à Hinterzarten.

Références

Liens externes

Fondeur roumain
Naissance en juin 1991
Naissance à Bistrița
Fondeur aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2010

Petrică Hogiu


يوساكو كودو (باليابانية: 工藤 優作) شخصية في أنمي المحقق كونان، وهو والد سينشي كودو. وهو كاتب قصص وروايات بولسية ويعتبر أكثر ذكاء من ولده وقد ساهم في حل الكثير من القضايا. أول ظهور له كان في حلقة رقم 43 اختطاف المحقق كونان، وهو مقيم في نيويورك في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.

ساهم في حل قضايا عجز عنها ولده كما أن كونان من أحد قراء قصص والده ومن أشهرها رجل الظل والعديد من القصص الأخرى. زوجته هي الممثلة المشهورة يوكيكو كودو.

الحلقات التي ظهر بها يوساكو كودو

مراجع

شخصيات المحقق كونان
شخصيات أنمي ومانغا ذكور
شخصيات خيالية ظهرت في 1994
كتاب ومؤلفون خياليون
يابانيون خياليون

يوساكو كودو


Boris Tadić (, ; born 15 January 1958) is a Serbian politician who served as the president of Serbia from 2004 to 2012.

Born in Sarajevo, he graduated from the University of Belgrade with a degree in psychology. He later worked as a journalist, military psychologist, and teacher at the First Belgrade Gymnasium. Tadić joined the Democratic Party (DS) in 1990 and was elected to the National Assembly after the 1993 election. After the downfall of Slobodan Milošević in 2000, he was appointed as the minister of telecommunications in the government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a role which he held until 2003, after which he was appointed minister of defence in the government of Serbia. Tadić was elected president of DS a year after the assassination of Zoran Đinđić after previously serving as a member of its provisional leadership. He stood as a candidate for DS in the 2004 presidential elections, which he won after beating Tomislav Nikolić of the Serbian Radical Party in the second round.

During his first mandate, he advocated cooperation and reconciliation of the former Yugoslav countries, became the first Serbian head of state or head of government to visit the Srebrenica Genocide Memorial, and launched an initiative for the Serbian parliament to adopt a resolution condemning the Srebrenica massacre. He successfully ran for re-election in 2008 after again beating Nikolić in the second round. During his second mandate, DS formed a coalition government with the Socialist Party of Serbia, its former opponent, which signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA), while the EU abolished visas for Serbian citizens traveling to Schengen Area countries and Serbia received EU candidate status. Additionally, Serbia also completed its obligations to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The period during his second mandate was also characterized by the challenges of the Kosovo declaration of independence and the global financial crisis, leading to low rates of economic growth.

After being pressured by protests that were organized by Nikolić's Serbian Progressive Party in 2011, Tadić announced that snap elections will be held in 2012. He lost in the second round to Nikolić, who succeeded him as president of Serbia. Tadić was replaced by Dragan Đilas as the president of DS in November 2012, after which Tadić unsuccessfully sought to become the party's president again in 2014. He then left DS and formed the New Democratic Party, later renamed to Social Democratic Party, which remained a parliamentary party up to the 2020 election, which it boycotted. A self-described liberal, he is an advocate of closer ties with the European Union (EU), supports the accession of Serbia to the European Union, and is widely regarded as pro-Western-orientated, while favoring balanced relations with Russia, China, United States, and the European Union.

Early life
Tadić was born in Sarajevo, the capital of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a republic within the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. His father, Ljubomir, was a philosopher and a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. His mother, Nevenka, is a psychologist. His maternal grandfather and up to six other relatives were killed by the Croatian Ustaše during World War II.

The Tadićs are descendants of the Serb clan of Piva, in the region of Old Herzegovina, Montenegro. The family's slava (patron saint) is Saint John the Baptist. His parents frequently relocated between various cities and had moved to Sarajevo from Paris, where they pursued their doctoral studies, only a few days prior to his birth. Tadić and his family moved to Belgrade when he was three years old, and his father got a job at the newspaper Liberation (Oslobođenje).

Tadić finished Pera Popović Aga (today Mika Petrović Alas) elementary school and matriculated at the First Belgrade Gymnasium in Dorćol. During his teenage years he played water polo for VK Partizan, but had to quit due to injuries. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy with a degree in psychology, specifically social psychology in the department of clinical psychology.

He was arrested during his studies in July 1982 for protesting the arrest of a group of students, arrested for protesting against martial law in Poland and in support of the Solidarity movement. Tadić spent one month in penal labour prison in Padinska Skela.

He worked as a journalist, military clinical psychologist and as a teacher of psychology at the First Belgrade Gymnasium. Until 2003, Tadić also worked at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts at the University of Arts in Belgrade as a lecturer of political advertising. He is a Senior Network Member at the European Leadership Network (ELN).

Early political career

Tadić joined the newly founded Democratic Party in 1990. He served as an MP and member of the parliamentary Science and Technology Committee following the 1993 Serbian parliamentary election.

Boris Tadić founded the Centre of Modern Skills (Centar modernih veština, CMV) in 1998, an NGO dealing with political and civic education, and the development of the political culture and dialogue.

The Democratic Party was part of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), a grand coalition of anti-Milošević parties which played a key role in his downfall in 2000. Tadić was elected deputy leader of the Democratic Party twice, in February 2000 and then in October 2001.

Tadić served as Minister of Telecommunications in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from November 2000 to March 2003 and as Minister of Defence from March 2003 until he started his presidential campaign in April 2004. He served as an MP of the Democratic Party in the Chamber of Citizens of the Federal Assembly and later went on to be the acting parliamentary leader of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia coalition in 2003, the president of the Security Services Control Committee, as well as the parliamentary leader of the Democratic Party in the National Assembly of Serbia starting in February 2004.

The assassination of Zoran Đinđić in March 2003 led to a leadership convention of the Democratic Party in February 2004, which was won by Tadić against Zoran Živković. He was later reelected unopposed in regular leadership conventions in 2006 and 2010.

Presidency

President of Serbia within state union (2004–2008)

Tadić, as the newly elected Democratic Party leader, was chosen as the candidate for the presidential election. He defeated Tomislav Nikolić of the nationalist Radical Party in the run-off of the 2004 presidential election with 53% of the vote. He was inaugurated on 11 July of that year.

During the 2004 election campaign, Tadić promised to form a new special institution called the People's Office. The People's Office of the President of the Republic was opened on 1 October 2004. The role of the People's Office is to make communication between the citizens and the President easier, and to cooperate between other state bodies and institutions, in order to enable the citizens of Serbia to exercise their rights. The People's Office of the President is divided into four divisions: Legal Affairs Division, Social Affairs Division, Projects Division and General Affairs Division. The first Director of the People's Office was Dragan Đilas. When he joined the Government of Serbia as the Minister in charge of the National Investment Plan in 2007, Tatjana Pašić became the new Director.

Tadić advocated cooperation and reconciliation of the former Yugoslav countries, strained by the burden of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. On 6 December 2004, Boris Tadić made an apology in Bosnia and Herzegovina to all those who suffered crimes committed in the name of the Serbian people. In July 2005, Tadić visited the Bosnian town of Srebrenica on the 10th anniversary of massacre of 8,000 Muslim men and boys by Bosnian Serb forces. In 2007, Tadić issued an apology to Croatia for any crimes committed in Serbia's name during the war in Croatia.

Tadić presided during the independence referendum in Montenegro (2006). He was the first foreign head of state to visit Montenegro after it became independent on 8 June, and promised to continue friendly relations. Serbia declared independence as well, and Tadić attended the first raising of the flag of Serbia at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.

On 6 September 2007, Tadić was a signatory of the agreement that led to the formation of the Council for Cooperation between Serbia and Republika Srpska, together with Milorad Dodik and Vojislav Koštunica. In late 2007, he stated that Serbia does not support a break-up of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that, as a guarantor of the Dayton Accords that brought peace to Bosnia, he supports its territorial integrity. Tadić also said that Serbia supports the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the EU, and NATO.

As President, Tadić has pursued a pro-Western foreign policy. On 28 September 2005, he met with Pope Benedict XVI in Vatican City, making him the first Serbian head of state to be granted an audience with a pope. This helped improve traditionally strained Catholic-Orthodox relations.

On 22 June 2007, Tadić presided over the 1000th meeting of the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers in Belgrade.

Contrary to his earlier decision in the 2004 Kosovan parliamentary election, Tadić stated that he had no right to call on Kosovo Serbs to vote in the 2007 Kosovo parliamentary election, as the standards he asked for in 2004 were not reached.

Reelection campaign

Boris Tadić has advocated an early presidential election that is required under constitutional law, since the adoption of the new Constitution of Serbia, after the successful constitutional referendum in October 2006. On 13 December 2007, the speaker of the Parliament, Oliver Dulić, set the election date for 20 January 2008. The Democratic Party submitted the candidacy of its leader to the Republic Electoral Commission on 21 December. Tadić held his first election convention on 22 December, in Novi Sad. The re-election campaign was led under the slogan "For a strong and stable Serbia" (За Јаку и Стабилну Србију) in the first round and "Let's win Europe together!" (Да освојимо Европу заједно!) in the second. Tadić advocated integration of Serbia into the European Union but also territorial integrity of Serbia with sovereignty over Kosovo and Metohija. As a part of a campaign, Boris Tadić answered the 10 most interesting questions every week through the campaign website in the form of video response on YouTube.

Tadić received support from G17 Plus and Sanjak Democratic Party, partners from the Government. He also received support of various national minority parties including Hungarian and Romani parties. He received 1,457,030 votes (35.39 percent) in the first round. In the second round on 3 February 2008, he faced Tomislav Nikolić and won the election with 2,304,467 votes (50.31 percent). After the election he assured Serbian citizens in Kosovo that they would never be betrayed.

President of Serbia (2008–2012)
Tadić was sworn in at the inauguration ceremony on 15 February 2008 in the National Assembly of Serbia.

The Assembly of Kosovo proclaimed a declaration of independence on 17 February 2008. Boris Tadić urged a United Nations Security Council meeting to react urgently and annul the act. He also said that Belgrade would never recognise the independence of Kosovo and would never give up the struggle for its legitimate interests. Russia backed Serbia's position and President Vladimir Putin said that any support for Kosovo's unilateral declaration is immoral and illegal.

On 21 February Tadić met President of Romania Traian Băsescu in Bucharest where he thanked him for Romanian support and stated that "Serbia will not give up its future in Europe".

Tadić said that Serbia would never recognise an independent Kosovo. He stated that the problem of Kosovo was not solved by the unilaterally declared independence and that the decade-long problems between Serbs and Albanians still exist. He called the international institutions to find a solution within the UN Security Council, for the continuation of negotiations. He also called a decision made by the US President George W. Bush to send arms to Kosovo "bad news".

Tadić also said that Serbia would not accept the legality of the EU's planned policing and judiciary mission for Kosovo. On 25 February 2008, Boris Tadić met with Dmitry Medvedev and Sergei Lavrov in Belgrade where Medvedev stated that "We proceed from the understanding that Serbia is a single state with its jurisdiction spanning its entire territory, and we will adhere to this principled stance in the future, We have made a deal to coordinate together our efforts in order to get out of this complicated situation". Agreement on the South Stream pipeline was also signed during this visit.

On 5 April 2008, Tadić called the acquittal of Ramush Haradinaj "disgraceful because of the innocent victims" and demanded the ICTY to appeal. He said that Serbia wishes to help the Tribunal to collect evidence "because Haradinaj's place is in prison". He said that former Hague Chief Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte had said that witnesses in the case against Haradinaj had been intimidated and even murdered to prevent them testifying to his crimes.

Following the Republic of Kosovo's formation of the Kosovo Security Forces in January 2009, he sent protest letters both to the and NATO Secretaries-General. The letter states that Serbia views those forces as an illegal paramilitary organisation that constitutes a threat to the country's security and a danger to peace and stability in the Western Balkans. Tadić drew attention to the fact that the KSF were formed on the basis of the Ahtisaari Plan that was never adopted by the Security Council and added that the creation of these forces constitutes a breach of the Serbian Constitution and international law, which is why they should be disbanded. He called for the demilitarisation of Kosovo.

On 13 March 2008, President Tadić signed a decree dissolving the country's parliament and slating early parliamentary elections for 11 May. Boris Tadić gathered a large pro-EU coalition around his Democratic Party and G17 Plus for the Serbian parliamentary election in 2008, named "For a European Serbia – Boris Tadić". The coalition list was led by Dragoljub Mićunović and it also included Sanjak Democratic Party, Serbian Renewal Movement and League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina. The coalition won 38% of the vote, more than any other list. He condemnеd remarks regarding the election made by Javier Solana and Pieter Feith and called on the European Union not to interfere with Serbian elections.

Tadić said that he was ready, authorised as per Vienna Convention, to sign the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union if it were offered on 28 April, but not at the price of recognising Kosovo's unilaterally declared independence. Tadić attended the signing of the SAA ceremony in Luxembourg on 29 April, where the Deputy Prime Minister Božidar Đelić signed the document on behalf of Serbia, as per the authorisation of the Government from December 2007. He was opposed by the then Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica who believed that Serbia ought not to sign any agreements with the European Union. While, on 1 May, Koštunica said that Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov was right when he said that the SAA should have been signed, he nonetheless vowed to annul the agreement after the parliamentary elections, calling it "not in the service of Serbia's territorial integrity."

On 27 June 2008, Tadić named Mirko Cvetković for the new Prime Minister, following the victory of his party coalition in parliamentary election that took place in May. Cvetković was sworn in after giving the oath in the National Assembly on 7 July 2008.

Following the 2008 South Ossetia War, and Russian recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Tadić refused to follow suit, saying that even though he respects the Russian support to Serbia regarding Kosovo, "Serbia is not going to recognise these so-called new countries". He stated that "Serbia is not going to do something that is against our interest, because we are defending our territorial integrity and sovereignty by using international law" and that by constitution he must defend the interests of Serbia, and not the interests of any other country in the world.

Tadić invoked his constitutional powers of Commander-in-Chief of the Military of Serbia and dismissed the Chief of the General Staff Zdravko Ponoš on 30 December 2008. Ponoš made public accusations against the Defence Minister Dragan Šutanovac in the media. It was also revealed that he ignored the minister and has not submitted a single report in a year.

In April 2009, Tadić announced a constitutional reform proposal. His initiative includes the proposal to reduce the number of the National Assembly members from 250 to 150 to better reflect the size of the country followed by changes in law on party registration and financing in order to consolidate similar parties and limit those with little support which should bring Serbia closer to a two-party system. The second proposed amendment would change the administrative division of Serbia by dividing it into more autonomous regions in order to achieve a more balanced development. This change would lead to Serbia's being divided into seven regions instead of the current asymmetrical division which includes two autonomous provinces but where the majority of the territory has no special autonomy. However, the proposals haven't came to fruition.

During his visit to Serbia in May 2009, Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland, stated that he doesn't agree with the decision of the Polish Government to recognise the independence of Kosovo and that he as the President "favours the policy pursued by Serbian President Boris Tadić". They also discussed energy, particularly Europe's dependence on natural gas from just one source, and agreed that there is a need for a common EU energy policy that should also include the Balkan states.

On 21 May 2009, Dragan Marić, a former businessman who was revolted over the court decision in his dispute with the national air carrier Jat Airways, entered the Presidency office carrying two hand grenades and seeking an out-of-court settlement signed by President or Government. Members of the Battalion of Military Police Cobras, providing security to the President of Serbia, managed to take one of the grenades immediately and isolate the attacker, however the perpetrator removed the pin from the second grenade and threatened to detonate it by releasing the lever. The negotiations were handled by the special team of the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs, supported by the officials of the Ministry of Justice, and lasted for several hours until the man was disarmed and arrested. After the incident, Tadić, who was present in the secured area of the building, congratulated the police and army special units, the security and negotiation team for doing a terrific job, peacefully and with no casualties and also said that problems, no matter what kind, cannot be resolved by force and by jeopardising citizens' lives.

In October 2009, after the Serbia national team qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, Tadić and other Serbian ministers celebrated at the end of the match in Belgrade's Red Star Stadium by toasting the winning team with a glass of champagne. It is illegal to consume alcohol at Serbian sporting events, in order to stop violence. Tadić pleaded guilty, saying "I did not know that consumption of alcohol, even if only for a toast, has been forbidden so I fully take responsibility for the violation" and was fined €400.

Some observers have describe that the coalition government led by Tadić's Democratic Party introduced some media control mechanisms, which were further developed by the Aleksandar Vučić regime to severely curtail media freedom. Ljiljana Smajlović, editor-in-chief of Politika, has accused Tadić several times of pressuring editorial politics. Following his defeat at the 2012 presidential elections, Tadić and main opposition candidate Tomislav Nikolić had similar media coverage, but the campaign coverage was characterized by the lack of analytical and critical reporting, while some media outlets such as the weekly NIN and tabloid Blic showed a preference for Tadić.

Advisors
Advisors to the President of the Republic carry out the analytical, advisory and other corresponding tasks for the needs of the President of the Republic as well as other expert tasks in relations of the President with the Government and the Parliament.

Chief of Staff is Miodrag Rakić. Acting Secretary General of the Office of the President was Vladimir Cvijan from 2008 to 2010.

Previous advisors who served from 2005 to 2008 are Biserka Jevtimijević Drinjaković (economic issues), Vladimir Cvijan (legal issues) and Dušan T. Bataković and Leon Kojen (political issues). Most of the former advisors are now serving as directors of public enterprises and ambassadors.

Post-presidency

2012 elections and aftermath
On 5 April 2012, a day after announcing his decision, Tadić submitted his resignation to the speaker of parliament, Slavica Đukić-Dejanović, who then took over as acting president. This led to bringing forward the presidential election to coincide with the parliamentary election on 6 May.

Amid controversy regarding the legitimacy of the third mandate and the legality of certain decisions, incumbent Tadić lost the presidential elections to his opponent, Tomislav Nikolić from the Serbian Progressive Party. Nikolić won 49.7% of the votes in the runoff vote, versus 47% for Tadić, according to data from the Serbian Center for Free Elections and Democracy. The result was considered somewhat of a surprise, as Tadić had exploited his resignation for the presidential vote to coincide with parliamentary elections.

Tadić was criticized both inside and outside the party for the manoeuvre of calling early presidential elections without a clear goal, and entering them with over-confidence. Dragan Đilas, long-time mayor of Belgrade and one of rare Democrats who remained in his seat after 2012 elections, announced that he would challenge Tadić in December party elections. After a period of gauging the odds, it became obvious that Đilas would receive majority support. Before the electoral conference, Đilas and Tadić reached a face-saving agreement whereby Tadić would step down from the race and remain the party's honorary president, and Đilas thus became the only major candidate. Đilas was elected president of the Democratic Party on 25 November 2012.

New Democratic Party
In early 2014, after losing the internal reelections in the Democratic Party to Dragan Đilas, Tadić resigned from his position of honorary president and left the party. Subsequently, a number of prominent party members defected from the party and stated that they intend to form a list in the forthcoming parliamentary election with Tadić as its leader. A coalition was agreed upon with the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina. A political party, named the New Democratic Party, was then formed and registered.

Policy and criticism

Coalition with the Socialist Party of Serbia
Following the 2008 election, Tadić's Democratic Party was unable to form a pro-European government with the hard-line Liberal Democratic Party. Faced with the possibility of a eurosceptic government led by the Democratic Party of Serbia, the Serbian Radical Party and the post-Milošević Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), Tadić proposed a coalition with the SPS. On 7 June 2008 at an assembly of the Main Board of the Democratic Party, Tadić compared the DS and the SPS saying that both grieved over the loss of their presidents, Đinđić and Milošević. His address was heavily criticized by members of the Liberal Democratic Party, the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina and the Social Democratic Union.

On 18 October 2008 Tadić and Ivica Dačić, President of the Socialist Party of Serbia, signed a Declaration of Political Reconciliation drafted in July, agreeing on further EU integration and negotiations with Kosovo based on UN Resolution 1244. The Declaration was again viewed as exonerating Milošević's regime and the G17 Plus, the Serbian Renewal Movement and League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina refused to sign it despite supporting the government. It was also criticized by the right-wing Dveri and the Serbian Radical Party who called the declaration a reconciliation of the two wings of the League of Communists who split at the 8th Session. Tadić defended the reconciliation after the 2012 presidential election reiterating that Serbia was in need of consensus-building policies.

Press freedom

In 2011 Report, the Freedom House described the media situation as generally free and stated that press operated with little government interference, although most media outlets are thought to be aligned with specific political parties. Some observers have describe that the coalition government led by Tadić's Democratic Party introduced some media control mechanisms, which were further developed by the Aleksandar Vučić regime to severely curtail media freedom.
Media associations criticized the ruling coalition for adopting the controversial Law on Public Information proposed by the G17 Plus.

On 8 April 2011 the European Federation of Journalists wrote to Tadić that press freedom in Serbia was seriously compromised, that the safety of investigative journalists in Loznica and Belgrade was threatened and that independent newspapers were struggling against economic pressure and political interference, sometimes even against undue judiciary pressure through court decisions. The two main journalism associations and the journalists' union stated support for the letter. Ljiljana Smajlović, editor-in-chief of Politika, has accused Tadić several times of pressuring editorial politics.

In September 2011 the Anti-Corruption Council, led by Verica Barać and with the support of Commissioner for Information of Public Importance Rodoljub Šabić, Ombudsman Saša Janković, and presidents of the two main journalism associations Ljiljana Smajlović and Vukašin Obradović, published a report detailing the state of the freedom of the press in Serbia from January 2008 to June 2010. The Council concluded that the media in Serbia was overwhelmed by strong political pressure, that full control over the media was established, that no medium broadcast objective and complete information, and that events were censored or reported on selectively and incompletely. The report concluded that marketing agencies owned by senior Democratic Party officials and Tadić's close associates, namely Srđan Šaper and Dragan Đilas, held a significant share of the advertising market.

Following his defeat at the 2012 presidential elections, Tadić and main opposition candidate Tomislav Nikolić had similar media coverage, but the campaign coverage was characterized by the lack of analytical and critical reporting, while some media outlets such as the weekly NIN and tabloid Blic showed a preference for Tadić. On the other hand, the election observation organizations highlighted the many national-frequency televisions broadcast more affirmative content about the opposition parties.

Personal life

Tadić's sister, Vjera, is a psychologist and currently teaches psychology in the First Belgrade Gymnasium. Besides his native language, Boris Tadić is reportedly fluent in English, French, Italian and German.

He was previously married to journalist Veselinka Zastavniković from 1980 to 1996, but they divorced, having had no children. They met in the 1970s. Throughout their marriage they were actively involved in various socio-political activities including protests and petitions against human-rights abuses and so-called 'verbal delict' in SFR Yugoslavia in the 1980s as well as anti-Milošević protests in the 1990s.

Tadić was married to Tatjana Rodić, with whom he has two daughters. The couple separated in 2019.

He is  tall.

Tadić's maternal grandfather was Strahinja Kićanović, a wealthy tradesman and landowner who unsuccessfully ran twice for the office of member of parliament. He was killed during World War II at the Jadovno camp. Although this is today a well-known fact stated by Tadić on several occasions, Yugoslav communist authorities falsely listed Strahinja Kićanović as being killed simultaneously both at Jadovno and Jasenovac. This false claim was later even restated by institutions in Croatia and the United States.

Honours and awards
On 4 August 2007, Tadić was awarded the European Prize for Political Culture that is given by the Swiss Foundation Hans Ringier of the Ringier Publishing House in Locarno. Previously it was awarded to Jean-Claude Juncker. Tadić decided to donate the financial part of the award for humanitarian purposes for the maternity hospital in a town near Gračanica.

Tadić received the Quadriga award in September 2008, an annual German award sponsored by Werkstatt Deutschland, a non-profit organisation based in Berlin. The award recognises four people or groups for their commitment to innovation, renewal, and a pioneering spirit through political, economic, and cultural activities. The other three winners were Wikipedia, represented by Jimmy Wales; Eckart Höfling, Franciscan and director; and Peter Gabriel, musician and human rights activist. The award given to Tadić was named The Courage of Perseverance and was presented by Heinz Fischer, the Federal President of Austria.
In March 2010, Tadić received the Steiger Award Europe of the Rhine-Ruhr for "respectfulness, openness, humanity, and tolerance".

In 2011, Tadić won the North-South Prize awarded by the Council of Europe and distinguishing his deep commitment and actions for the promotion and protection of human rights, defense of pluralist democracy, and the strengthening partnership of the north–south solidarity.

In 2012, in Brussels, Tadić, together with the ex-President of Croatia Ivo Josipović, was awarded the European Medal of Tolerance by the European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation, in recognition of the Balkan statesmen's "significant contribution to promoting, seeking, safeguarding or maintaining Tolerance and Reconciliation on the European continent".

European Prize for Political Culture by Ringier in 2007;
Medal For the Contribution to the Victory of Russian Federation in 2008;
The Courage of Perseverance by Quadriga in 2008;
Golden Keys of the City of Madrid in 2009;
Honorary doctorate of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University in 2009;
40 Years of Revolution Medal of Libya in 2009;
Steiger Award of Rhine-Ruhr in 2010;
Golden Medal of Hellenic Parliament in 2010;
Jubilee Medal "65 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" from the Russian Federation in 2010;
North–South Prize of the Council of Europe in 2011;
Order of the Republika Srpska of Republika Srpska in 2012; and
Ilyas Afandiyev International Prize of Azerbaijan in 2012.
European Medal of Tolerance by the European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation in 2012.

References

Notes

External links

 Centre for modern skills
2008 Official Presidential Campaign Website
Boris Tadić YouTube channel
Boris Tadić MySpace campaign page

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1958 births
Living people
Politicians from Sarajevo
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy alumni
Serbia and Montenegro politicians
Serbian democracy activists
Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians
Social Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians
Candidates for President of Serbia
Presidents of Serbia

Boris Tadić


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Hormonal therapy and hormone receptors play a very large part in breast cancer treatment (therapy is not limited to only breast cancer). By influencing the hormones, the cells' growth can be changed along with its function. These hormones can cause cancer to not survive in the human body.

General ligand binding

Hormone receptor proteins bind to a hormone as a result of an accumulation of weak interactions. Because of the relatively large size of enzymes and receptors, the large amount of surface area provides the basis for these weak interactions to occur. This binding is actually highly specific because of the complementarity of these interactions between polar, non-polar, charged, neutral, hydrophilic, or hydrophobic residues. Upon binding, the receptor often undergoes a conformational change and may bind further, signaling ligands to activate a signaling pathway. Because of these highly specific and high affinity interactions between hormones and their receptors, very low concentrations of hormone can produce significant cellular response. Receptors can have various different structures depending on the function of the hormone and the structure of its ligand. Therefore, hormone binding to its receptor is a complex process that can be mediated by cooperative binding, reversible and irreversible interactions, and multiple binding sites.

Functions

Transmission of signal
The presence of hormone or multiple hormones enables a response in the receptor, which begins a cascade of signaling. The hormone receptor interacts with different molecules to induce a variety of changes, such as an increase or decrease of nutrient sources, growth, and other metabolic functions. These signaling pathways are complex mechanisms mediated by feedback loops where different signals activate and inhibit other signals. If a signaling pathway ends with the increase in production of a nutrient, that nutrient is then a signal back to the receptor that acts as a competitive inhibitor to prevent further production. Signaling pathways regulate cells through activating or inactivating gene expression, transport of metabolites, and controlling enzymatic activity to manage growth and functions of metabolism.

Intracellular receptors
Intracellular  and nuclear receptors are a direct way for the cell to respond to internal changes and signals. Intracellular receptors are activated by hydrophobic ligands that pass through the cellular membrane. All nuclear receptors are very similar in structure, and are described with intrinsic transcriptional activity. Intrinsic transcriptional involves the three following domains: transcription-activating, DNA-binding, and ligand-binding. These domains and ligands are hydrophobic and are able to travel through the membrane. The movement of macromolecules and ligand molecules into the cell enables a complex transport system of intracellular signal transfers through different cellular environments until response is enabled. Nuclear receptors are a special class of intracellular receptor that specifically aid the needs of the cell to express certain genes. Nuclear receptors often bind directly to DNA by targeting specific DNA sequences in order to express or repress transcription of nearby genes.

Cell surface receptors
The extracellular environment is able to induce changes within the cell. Hormones, or other extracellular signals, are able to induce changes within the cell by binding to cell surface receptors also known as transmembrane receptors. This interaction allows the hormone receptor to produce second messengers within the cell to aid response. Second messengers may also be sent to interact with intracellular receptors in order to enter the complex signal transport system that eventually changes cellular function.

G-protein-coupled membrane receptors (GPCR) are a major class of transmembrane receptors. The features of G proteins include GDP/GTP binding, GTP hydrolysis and guanosine nucleotide exchange. When a ligand binds to a GPCR the receptor changes conformation, which makes the intracellular loops between the different membrane domains of the receptor interact with G proteins. This interaction causes the exchange of GDP for GTP, which triggers structural changes within the alpha subunit of the G protein. The changes interrupts the interaction of the alpha subunit with the beta–gamma complex and which results in a single alpha subunit with GTP bound and a beta–gamma dimer. The GTP–alpha monomer interacts with a variety of cellular targets. The beta–gamma dimer also can stimulate enzymes within the cells for example, adenylate cyclase but it does not have as many targets as the GTP–alpha complex.

Aiding gene expression
Hormone receptors can behave as transcription factors by interacting directly with DNA or by cross-talking with signaling pathways. This process is mediated through co-regulators. In the absence of ligand, receptor molecules bind corepressors to repress gene expression, compacting chromatin through histone deacetylatase. When a ligand is present, nuclear receptors undergo a conformational change to recruit various coactivators. These molecules work to remodel chromatin. Hormone receptors have highly specific motifs that can interact with coregulator complexes. This is the mechanism through which receptors can induce regulation of gene expression depending on both the extracellular environment and the immediate cellular composition. Steroid hormones and their regulation by receptors are the most potent molecule interactions in aiding gene expression.

Problems with nuclear receptor binding as a result of shortages of ligand or receptors can have drastic effects on the cell. The dependency on the ligand is the most important part in being able to regulate gene expression, so the absence of ligand is drastic to this process. For example, estrogen deficiency is a cause of osteoporosis and the inability to undergo a proper signaling cascade prevents bone growth and strengthening. Deficiencies in nuclear receptor-mediated pathways play a key role in the development of disease, like osteoporosis.

when a ligand binds to a nuclear receptor, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that causes it to become activated, which in turn affects how much gene expression is regulated.

Classification

Receptors for water-soluble hormones
Water-soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines, and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides, e.g. thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and insulin. These molecules are not lipid-soluble and therefore cannot diffuse through cell membranes. Consequently, receptors for peptide hormones are located on the plasma membrane because they have bound to a receptor protein located on the plasma membrane.

Water-soluble hormones come from amino acids and are located and stored in endocrine cells until actually needed.

The main two types of transmembrane receptor hormone receptor are the G-protein-coupled receptors and the enzyme-linked receptors. These receptors generally function via intracellular second messengers, including  cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and the calcium (Ca2+)-calmodulin system.

Receptors for lipid-soluble hormones

Steroid hormone receptors and related receptors are generally soluble proteins that function through gene activation. Lipid-soluble hormones target specific sequences of DNA by diffusing into the cell. When they have diffused into the cell, they bind to receptors (intracellular), and migrate into the nucleus. Their response elements are DNA sequences (promoters) that are bound by the complex of the steroid bound to its receptor.  The receptors themselves are zinc-finger proteins.  These receptors include those for glucocorticoids (glucocorticoid receptors), estrogens (estrogen receptors), androgens (androgen receptors), thyroid hormone (T3) (thyroid hormone receptors), calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D) (calcitriol receptors), and the retinoids (vitamin A) (retinoid receptors). Receptor-protein interactions induce the uptake and destruction of their respective hormones in order to regulate their concentration in the body. This is especially important for steroid hormones because many body systems are entirely steroid dependent.

List of hormone receptors

For some of these classes, in any given species (such as, for example, humans), there is a single molecule encoded by a single gene; in other cases, there are several molecules in the class.

 Androgen receptors
 Calcitriol receptors
 Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1
 Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2
 Estrogen receptors
 Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors
 Glucagon receptors
 Gonadotropin receptors
 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors
 Growth hormone receptors
Insulin receptor
 Luteinizing hormone
 Progesterone receptors
 Retinoid receptors
 Somatostatin receptors
 Thyroid hormone receptors
 Thyrotropin receptors

References

Receptors
Integral membrane proteins

Hormone receptor


Darko Lazović (în , ; n. 15 septembrie 1990) este un fotbalist sârb care joacă pe postul de mijlocaș pentru echipa de Serie A Genoa și pentru echipa națională de fotbal a Serbiei.

La vârsta de 21 de ani, a primit titlul de cel mai bun tânăr jucător al Superligii Serbiei în 2011.

Cariera pe echipe

Borac Čačak
De la vârsta de șase ani, Lazović a început să se antreneze în academia de tineret a lui FK Borac Čačak. Aici a atras atenția căutătorilor de talente din afara orașului Čačak. La 2 martie 2008, el și-a făcut debutul la echipa mare antrenată de Milovan Rajevac, într-un meci de campionat împotriva lui Hajduk Kula. El a marcat primul său gol într-un meci oficial pentru Borac Čačak la 22 martie 2008, într-o partidă din cadrul Superligii Serbiei împotriva Voivodinei. În februarie 2009, Lazović s-a antrenat cu prima echipă a lui Tottenham Hotspur pentru câteva zile, iar până la 10 februarie, antrenorul echipei Borac, Ljubiša Dmitrović, a declarat presei: "Din câte știu, Lazović a fost transferat la Tottenham". Cu toate acestea, cele două cluburi nu au semnat niciun acord de transfer, astfel că Steaua Roșie Belgrad a intrat pe fir și și-a adjudecat jucătorul.

Steaua Roșie Belgrad
La 22 iunie 2009, la vârsta de 18 ani, Lazović a fost cumpărat de Steaua Roșie Belgrad, antrenată la acea vreme de Vladimir Petrović. El a semnat un contract de patru ani cu Steaua Roșie. A ratat începutul sezonului din cauza unei accidentări, dar a debutat la 12 septembrie 2009 împotriva lui Metalac Gornji Milanovac. El a intrat de pe bancă în minutul 65 pentru a-l înlocui pe Nikola Vasiljević. A marcat primul său gol pentru Steaua Roșie pe 23 septembrie 2009, în optimile Cupei Serbiei împotriva lui Mladost Apatin. Steaua Roșie a câștigat cu 6-1, iar Lazović a marcat o dublă. În rest, Lazović a jucat puține minute până la sosirea antrenorului Robert Prosinečki, după care a fost numit cel mai bun jucător tânăr din Superliga Serbiei. El a jucat un rol important în campania de calificare în UEFA Europa League în sezonul 2011-2012, după ce a început ca titular în majoritatea meciurilor și a contribuit la calificarea echipei până în playoff-ul competiției, unde Steaua Roșie a pierdut cu Stade Rennais.

În semifinala Cupei Serbiei 2011-2012, pe 11 aprilie 2012, a marcat un gol împotriva rivalei istorice Partizan, într-un meci pe care Steaua Roșie l-a câștigat cu 2-0. În acel an, Steaua Roșie avea să câștige finala Cupei Serbiei din 2012. La 4 iulie 2012, Lazović a semnat prelungirea contractului pe trei ani, încheind speculații cu privire la un posibil transfer după ce Red Bull Salzburg a făcut o ofertă pentru el. Deși Steaua Roșie nu a câștigat campionatul în acel sezon, a fost al doilea sezon consecutiv în care Steaua Roșie a reușit să se califice în play-offul UEFA Europa League. În Europa League 2011-2012, Lazović a dat o pasă de gol în meciul împotriva lui Naftan Novopoloțk și a fost integralist în meciurile împotriva Omoniei și a lui Bordeaux.

Deși a urmat o perioadă de instabilitate la Steaua Roșie, Lazović a rămas în  primul unsprezece, chiar și după trei schimbări de antrenor: Robert Prosinečki, Aleksandar Janković și Ricardo Sá Pinto. Cu toate acestea, la 18 mai 2013, într-un meci împotriva lui Partizan, a suferit o accidentare la genunchi în minutul 80 care l-a scos din joc pentru tot restul sezonului.

În timp ce Lazović a fost accidentat, Ricardo Sá Pinto a demisionat de la Steaua Roșie, iar noul antrenor Slaviša Stojanovič a declarat că abia așteaptă să-l folosească pe Lazović după ce acesta se reface. La 22 februarie 2014, Lazović a jucat primul său meci competițional după opt luni de accidentare și a dat o pasă de gol împotriva lui Javor. La 12 aprilie 2014, Lazović a marcat un hat-trick împotriva lui Čukarički, primul din carieră. Lazović a câștigat primul său campionat cu Steaua Roșie la sfârșitul sezonului, după o victorie împotriva lui OFK Belgrad în fața a 55.000 de fani.

După plecarea lui Nenad Milijaš și suspendarea lui Nikola Mijailović în timpul sezonului, Lazović a fost numit noul căpitan al Stelei Roșii Belgrad. La 14 ianuarie 2015, s-a anunțat că la sfârșitul sezonului, după șase ani la Steaua Roșie Belgrad, Lazović va semna un contract pe mai mulți ani cu clubul Serie A Genoa din postura de jucător liber de contract. În ultimul său sezon la Steaua Roșie, a înscris 10 goluri și a fost cel mai bun marcator al echipei. Ultimul său meci pentru Steaua Roșie a fost la 24 mai 2015, într-o victorie împotriva lui Mladost Lučani.

Genoa
În vara anului 2015, Lazović a semnat cu echipa de Serie A Genoa. Într-un meci amical cu Hertha BSC la 1 august 2015, Lazović a marcat primul gol pentru Genoa în victoria cu 0-2. La 8 noiembrie 2015, Lazović a dat două pase de gol în remiza 2-2 cu Frosinone Calcio și ulterior a fost numit în "Echipa săptămânii" în Serie A. La 16 decembrie 2016, Lazović a marcat primul gol pentru Genoa împotriva lui Fiorentina, într-un meci de numai 62 de minute, fiind considerat o continuare a unui meci neterminat din 11 septembrie, care a fost abandonat din cauza unei grindini neobișnuite.

Cariera la națională
După ce a fost convocat de antrenorul Radomir Antić, Lazović a făcut prima apariție pentru Serbia pe 14 decembrie 2008, într-un meci amical cu Polonia. El nu a jucat pentru echipa națională timp de patru ani, fiind chemat din nou într-un meci împotriva Franței în minutul 76 în timpul unui meci amical care a avut loc pe 31 mai 2012. La 5 iunie 2012, în timpul celui de-al treilea meci pentru echipa mare a marcat un gol impresionant împotriva Suediei, care a fost anulat de arbitru.

Statistici privind cariera

Club

 Până în 28 aprilie 2019

La națională

Titluri

Club
Steaua Roșie

 Superliga Serbiei (1): 2013-2014
 Cupa Serbiei (2): 2009-2010, 2011-2012

Individual

 Echipa sezonului în Superliga Serbiei: 2011-2012, 2013-2014

Referințe

Legături externe
 Darko Lazović la Utakmica.rs

Fotbaliști ai Genoa CFC
Fotbaliști internaționali sârbi
Mijlocași
Fotbaliști sârbi
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1990

Darko Lazović


Verosimilitatea (verosimilitudinea) este un concept filosofic care distinge între  adevărul relativ și  aparent și falsitatea unor afirmații și ipoteze.  Problema verosimilitudinii este problema articulării a ceea de care este nevoie pentru ca o teorie falsă să fie adusă mai aproape de adevăr decât o altă teorie falsă.

Problema similitudinii a fost în centrul filozofiei lui Karl Popper, în mare parte pentru că Popper a fost printre primii care afirmă că adevărul este scopul investigației științifice, recunoscând totodată că cele mai multe dintre cele mai mari teorii științifice din istoria științei sunt, strict vorbind, false.

Legături externe

Adevăr
Concepte filozofice
Probleme filozofice

Verosimilitudine


Tim Dunigan est un acteur américain, né le  à Saint-Louis (Missouri). Il se fait connaître grâce aux rôles du capitaine Jonathan Power dans la série Captain Power et les soldats du futur (1987–1988) et de Davy Crockett dans Les Nouvelles Aventures de Davy Crockett (1988–1989).

Biographie

Jeunesse
Tim Dunigan naît le  à Saint-Louis, en Missouri. Son père est Robert S. Dunigan et sa mère roumano-américaine, Olga Dunigan Argint. Il est cousin du commentateur sportif américain à la radio et à la télévision, Harry Caray (1914-1998).

Carrière
Tim Dunigan commence sa carrière d'acteur, à la télévision en 1982. Il décroche le rôle de Templeton « Futé » Peck dans le pilote de la série L'Agence tous risques (), diffusé en fin  sur la chaîne NBC. Jugé trop jeune () par la production, il est peu crédible pour incarner un vétéran de la guerre du Vietnam et remplacé, dès le deuxième épisode, par Dirk Benedict, ayant  de plus :  (), explique-t-il. Même année, il est Geoffrey Blackpool, le frère du prince Dirk Blackpool (interprété par Duncan Regehr), dans trois épisode de la série de science-fiction , ainsi que Tommy Atwood dans le sitcom , aux côtés d'un orang-outan parlant. Il apparait dans le téléfilm à énigme  de Mike Hodges, avec Elizabeth Montgomery.

En 1987, après être apparu dans de différentes séries telles que L'homme qui tombe à pic (),  et Ricky ou la Belle Vie (), il joue le capitaine Jonathan Power dans la série Captain Power et les soldats du futur (), jusqu'en 1988.

En 1988, aux côtés de Gary Grubbs, il devient Davy Crockett dans la série Les Nouvelles Aventures de Davy Crockett (Davy Crockett), produite par Walt Disney Pictures avec l'espoir de relancer la popularité du héros, mais sans succès.

Depuis 1989, il décroche des rôles secondaires dans les séries telles que Pas de répit sur planète Terre (), Arabesque (), La Maison en folie (), Beverly Hills 90210, Enquêtes à Palm Springs (), Diagnostic : Meurtre () et .

Filmographie

Télévision

Téléfilms
 1983 :  de Mike Hodges : Al Seco
 1986 :  de Stuart Margolin : Tom
 1991 :  de Otta Hanus et Jorge Montesi : le capitaine Jonathan Power
 1991 :  de Gary Nelson : Jerry

Séries télévisées
 1983 : L'Agence tous risques () : Templeton « Futé » Peck (saison 1, épisode 1 : )
 1983 :  : Geoffrey Blackpool (3 épisodes)
 1983 :  : Tommy Atwood (13 épisodes)
 1984 : L'homme qui tombe à pic () : Junior Gallantine (saison 3, épisode 13 : )
 1984 : L'homme qui tombe à pic () : Adrian Sloan (saison 4, épisode 8 : )
 1986 :  :  (saison 4, épisode 19 : )
 1987 : Ricky ou la Belle Vie () : Gary (saison 5, épisode 18 : )
 1987-1988 : Captain Power et les soldats du futur () : le capitaine Jonathan Power (22 épisodes)
 1988-1989 : Les Nouvelles Aventures de Davy Crockett (Davy Crockett) : Davy Crockett (5 épisodes)
 1989 : Pas de répit sur planète Terre () : Michael (saison 1, épisode 7 : )
 1989 : Arabesque () : Charley Holcomb / Freddy Masters (saison 5, épisode 20 : )
 1990 : La Maison en folie () : John Taylor (saison 3, épisode 1 : )
 1990 : Beverly Hills 90210 : Matt Brody (saison 1, épisode 4 : )
 1991 :  : le ranger Binkley (saison 1, épisode 19 : )
 1991 : Enquêtes à Palm Springs () : The Hitman / Jack Duffy (saison 1, épisode 4 : )
 1994 :  : Dan Nichols (saison 3, épisode 4 : )
 1995 : Diagnostic : Meurtre () : Terry Broadhurst (saison 2, épisode 13 : )
 2002 :   : le colonel Norris (saison 7, épisode 15 : )

Notes et références

Liens externes

Acteur américain de télévision
Naissance à Saint-Louis (Missouri)
Naissance en août 1955

Tim Dunigan


كيمانول شركة كيمائيات الميثانول مقرها السعودية، أنشئت عام 1989 على أيدي سعوديين وخليجيين. تنشط الشركة في إنتاج مادة الفورمالدهيد ومشتقاتها ومحسنات الخرسانة
وتستخدم ماده الميثانول كماده لقيم أساسية في جميع عملياتها الإنتاجية.

قامت الشركة مؤخراً بزياده طاقاتها الإنتاجية والتوسع في عملياتها للاستفادة من النمو الموجود ودعم أرباح الشركة :
مصنع الميثانول - مصنع ثاني ميثايل الفورمالدهايد - مصنع بنتاريثريتول - مصنع الفورمالدهايد.

وتدخل معظم منتجات الشركة في الصناعات التحويليه كصناعة الاصباغ وصناعة الجلود وصناعه المطاط وصناعة النسيج.

عدد أسهم الشركة 120.6 يحتفظ المؤسسون بنصفها، ومن أبرز ملاكها شركه عبد الله وعبد العزيز كانو.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع شركة كيمانول الرسمي

تأسيسات سنة 1989 في السعودية
شركات بتروكيماويات سعودية
شركات سعودية
شركات مدرجة في سوق تداول
شركات مساهمة سعودية
شركات نفط
شركات كيميائية أسست في 1989

كيمانول


Republički nogometni kup Slovenije (slv. "Slovenski republiški nogometni pokal") je bilo nogometno kup-natjecanje na području SR Slovenije za vrijeme socijalističke Jugoslavije.

O natjecanju
Republički kup Slovenije je igran između 1953. i 1991. godine. Pobjednik bi se kvalificirao u završnicu kupa Jugoslavije (Kupa maršala Tita). Od sredine 1970.-ih klubovi koji su bili članovi Prve savezne lige su imali osiguran nastup u Kupu maršala Tita, te nisu igrali republički kup.
Republički kup je igran kroz nekoliko faza, na području međuopćinskih saveza te potom do poluzavršnice kroz regije "Istok" i "Zapad".
Osamostaljenjem Slovenije 1991. godine, "Republički kup" je transformiran u novi "Kup Slovenije".

Završnice

Klubovi po uspješnosti

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Nogometni kup Slovenije
 Kup maršala Tita
 Slovenski nogometni savez

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

  snportal.si, Zgodovina slovenskega pokala – 1. del, objavljeno 19. svibnja 2014., pristupljeno 1. srpnja 2020.
  snportal.si, Zgodovina slovenskega pokala – 2. del, objavljeno 20. svibnja 2014., pristupljeno 1. srpnja 2020.
  rsssf.com, Slovenia - List of Cup Finals

republički kup
 kup

Republički nogometni kup Slovenije


المجلس الأدنى هو واحد من غرفتين في البرلمانات المكونة من مجلسين، يطلق على الغرفة الأخرى المجلس الأعلى. بغض النظر عن موقعه الرسمي «دون» المجلس الأعلى، في العديد من السلطات التشريعية حول العالم، المجلس الأدنى يمتلك سلطة أكبر.

الأسماء المستخدمة

الأسماء الشائعة

من الشائع بين كثير من بلدان العالم تسمية المجالس الدنيا باسم مجلس الممثلين أو الشعب أو العموم أو النواب.
 مجلس النواب
 مجلس عموم ويستخدم هذا الاسم في بريطانيا وكندا
 الجمعية التشريعية
 الجمعية الوطنية

أسماء خاصة

مراجع

برلمانات
مجالس دنيا

مجلس أدنى


Lew Grade, Baron Grade  (born Lev Winogradsky; 25 December 1906 – 13 December 1998)  was a Russian-born British media proprietor and impresario. Originally a dancer, and later a talent agent, Grade's interest in television production began in 1954 when he founded the Incorporated Television Company (ITC; commonly known as ITC Entertainment) to distribute programmes, and following the success of The Adventures of Robin Hood decided to focus on bringing them to the American market. Grade had some success in this field with such series as Gerry Anderson's many Supermarionation series such as Thunderbirds, Patrick McGoohan's The Prisoner, and Jim Henson's The Muppet Show. Later, Grade invested in feature film production, but several expensive box-office failures caused him to lose control of ITC, and ultimately resulted in the disestablishment of ATV after it lost its ITV franchise.

Early life
Grade was born in Tokmak, Berdyansky Uyezd, Taurida Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), to Isaak and Olga Winogradsky. In 1912, when Grade was five years old, his Jewish family escaped the pogroms by emigrating from Odessa, via Berlin to London and resettled in Shoreditch on Brick Lane in the East End of London.

Isaak worked as a trouser-presser while his three sons (Grade and his younger brothers, Bernard (later Bernard Delfont) and Leslie) attended the Rochelle Street Elementary School near Shoreditch, where Yiddish was spoken by 90% of the pupils. For two years the Winogradskys lived in rented rooms at the north end of Brick Lane, before moving to the nearby Boundary Estate.

Early professional life
At the age of 15, Grade became an agent for a clothing company, and shortly afterwards started his own business. In 1926, he was declared Charleston Champion of the World at a dancing competition at the Royal Albert Hall. Fred Astaire was one of the judges. Grade subsequently became a professional dancer going by the name Louis Grad; he changed this name to Lew Grade, which came from a Paris reporter's typing error that Grade liked and decided to keep. He was signed as a dancer by Joe Collins (father of Jackie and Joan Collins) in 1931. Decades later, the octogenarian Lord Grade once danced the Charleston at a party Arthur Ochs Sulzberger gave in New York.

Talent agent
Around 1934, Grade went into partnership with Joe Collins and became a talent agent in their company Collins & Grade. Among their earliest clients were the harmonica player Larry Adler and the jazz group Quintette du Hot Club de France.

Following the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, Grade became involved in arranging entertainment for soldiers in Harrogate, and later joined the British Army. He was discharged after two years when an old problem with swelling of the knees, which had earlier ended his dancing career, recurred. In 1945, the arrangement with Collins having been terminated, Grade formed a partnership with his brother Leslie (Lew and Leslie Grade Ltd., or the Grade Organisation). That year, the brothers travelled in the United States, where they developed their entertainment interests. His connections included, among others, Bob Hope and Judy Garland, who performed in Britain for the first time. The brothers became the main bookers of artists for the London Palladium in 1948, then managed by Val Parnell for the Moss Empires Group owned by the family of Prince Littler. The agency became the most successful in the UK and in 1967 it was acquired by EMI for $21 million with Grade and his two brothers joining the EMI board.

Media career

Television: 1954–1962
In 1954, Grade was contacted by the manager of singer Jo Stafford, Mike Nidorf, who notified him of an advertisement in The Times inviting franchise bids for the new, commercial ITV network.

Assembling a consortium that included impresarios Val Parnell and Prince Littler, the Incorporated Television Programme Company (ITP), which soon changed its name to Incorporated Television Company (ITC; also known as ITC Entertainment), was formed. ITC's bid to the Independent Television Authority (ITA) was rejected on the grounds of its conflict of interest from its prominence and involvement in artist management.

The Associated Broadcasting Development Company (ABD) had gained ITA approval for both the London weekend and Midlands weekday contracts, but was undercapitalised; Grade's consortium joined with the ABD to form what became Associated Television (ATV). Reflecting his background in variety, Grade's favourite show and a success for the new company was Sunday Night at the London Palladium (1955–1967, 1973–1974), one of the most popular programmes on British television in its day. Grade did not avoid the other end of the cultural spectrum and in 1958 Sir Kenneth Clark began to talk about the history of art on television.

Meanwhile, Grade committed the funds for what would become the first trans-Atlantic success of the ITP subsidiary: The Adventures of Robin Hood (1955–1960), commissioned by UK-based American producer Hannah Weinstein. ITC became a wholly owned ATV subsidiary in 1957, That same year ATV established a music publishing division with ATV Music and gained a half interest in Pye Records in 1959; later Pye became a wholly owned subsidiary.

Television: 1962–1968
Grade was deputy managing director of ATV under Val Parnell until 1962, when he became managing director having contrived to have the board oust Parnell. Grade soon decided that the Midlands deserved its own regular soap opera as a rival to Coronation Street. Crossroads, much derided but ultimately a serious challenge to Granada's series in the ratings, began its initial quarter century run in November 1964.

ITC's success continued and had many internationally successful TV series, leading Howard Thomas, managing director of ABC Weekend TV, to complain that Grade distributed programming for "Birmingham, Alabama, rather than Birmingham, England". These series included The Saint (1962–1969), which was sold to over 80 countries, and two featuring Patrick McGoohan: Danger Man (1960–1968) and The Prisoner (1967–1968). The series, exclusively thrillers, were normally used as summer replacements for American-made programmes until the mid-1960s. While many of Grade's series used American actors in lead roles (The Baron and Man in a Suitcase, for example) it was those series which used an exclusively British cast, such as The Saint (and The Avengers, made by another ITV contractor), which were more successful in the United States.

In 1962, AP Films became a subsidiary of ITC. Co-founded by Gerry Anderson, AP Films produced two marionette puppet ("Supermarionation") series for children during the 1960s: Thunderbirds (1965–1966) and (as Century 21) Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons (1967–1968). After a screening of the pilot for Thunderbirds ("Trapped in the Sky", 1964), Grade insisted that the episodes be lengthened to fill a one-hour slot. Unusually for children's television series, these colour programmes were generously budgeted for the time (Grade paid £22,000 per episode), and were successfully repeated internationally.

In 1966, Grade's companies were re-organised again to form the Associated Communications Corporation (ACC). That year, The Sunday Times investigated the interconnected nature of the companies controlled by Grade and his two brothers, Bernard Delfont and Leslie Grade. Their firms, effectively amounting to a "cartel", were agents for most of the major talents in acting as well as entertainment and controlled theatres in both London and the rest of the UK and ATV was a major provider of televised entertainment.

Later television productions
The following year, ATV lost its London franchise to what would become London Weekend Television (LWT); at the same time, however, ATV's Midlands franchise was expanded to run throughout the week from July 1968. Through ATV Music, Grade acquired Northern Songs, gaining control of the Lennon–McCartney song catalogue.

Foreign sales remained strong for a time (valued at $30 million in 1970) and the ACC received the Queen's Awards for Export in both 1967 and 1969.

Some of the 1970s distributions performed poorly: these included The Julie Andrews Hour (1972–73), which aired for only one season on the ABC Television Network in the United States. This received positive reviews and seven Emmy Awards, including the title of 'Best Variety Series'. The action series The Protectors (1972–74) and The Persuaders! (1971–72), were not especially successful. Gerry Anderson moved to live action science fiction shows UFO (1969–71) and Space: 1999 (1975–77). After Space: 1999, Anderson made no new series for ITC, but maintained a connection with Grade until Grade lost control of his companies in 1982.

In the mid-1970s, Grade approached American puppeteer Jim Henson, who was in need of assistance for his latest television project. Henson wanted to create a new variety show starring his Muppet characters, but had been dismissed by American networks on account of his contributions to children's programmes such as Sesame Street (1969–present). CBS came close to agreeing to broadcast The Muppet Show, but only if it was during a syndicated block of its programming. After watching one of Henson's pilots and recalling a special made in one of his studios, Grade allowed Henson to realise his project in Britain (the series was recorded at the ATV Elstree Studios, later bought by the BBC, primarily used for EastEnders) and distributed internationally by ITC. Grade's action was instrumental in bringing The Muppet Show to the screen in 1976 and ensuring its success; it ran until 1981.

Grade's other accomplishments in television included the mini-series Jesus of Nazareth (1977), which was successfully sold to the American market and secured a record-breaking $12 million in revenue. Several years in preparation, the deal with the Italian broadcaster RAI and director Franco Zeffirelli had been announced three years previously.

Film
Grade approached Blake Edwards to revive the Pink Panther franchise as a TV series, an option Edwards was not keen on, but he did work on developing scripts. Eventually, he persuaded Grade to finance the property as a feature film project with he and Peter Sellers waiving their fees in return for a profit-sharing arrangement. Both men's careers had not been prospering for a few years. Only Grade's second big budget feature, ITC produced the eventual film The Return of the Pink Panther (1975), while United Artists (UA), who had earlier rejected the project themselves, gained distribution rights and a 5% share of the profits. Distribution in other countries was undertaken by ITC. The Return of the Pink Panther was a commercially successful release.

It also prompted Grade to move into the film industry, where he had success with Farewell My Lovely (1975). Other films of the period made with Grade's involvement include the co-releases The Boys From Brazil (1978) with 20th Century Fox and Movie Movie (also 1978) with Warner Bros. He was a producer on the Ingmar Bergman films Autumn Sonata (1978) and From the Life of the Marionettes (1980). Grade was executive producer of The Muppet Movie (1979) and The Great Muppet Caper (1981); Orson Welles portrayed a studio executive named "Lew Lord" in the first film. One domestic British film made by the ITC subsidiary Black Lion Films, The Long Good Friday (1980) was purchased and released by HandMade Films after Grade and his company had effectively disowned it for, in Grade's reputed opinion, seeming to be sympathetic to the IRA.

Grade's backing of an expensive "all-star" flop was to prove decisive. Of Raise the Titanic (1980), an adaptation of the novel by Clive Cussler, Grade himself observed that "It would have been cheaper to lower the Atlantic". The film was panned by critics and, after costing $36 million, returned only $8 million in rentals. This film along with other expensive box office failures – including Saturn 3 (1980) and The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981) – marked the end of Grade's involvement in major film production. Despite this, several of the most critically acclaimed films produced by Grade were released after the failure of Raise the Titanic: these included On Golden Pond (1981) and Sophie's Choice (1982), both winners of Academy Awards, as well as The Dark Crystal (1982), which was Jim Henson's final project created in association with ITC.

Later years
In 1980, Grade's standing in the mass media industry was damaged by two events: the poor reception for Raise the Titanic, and a decision that, effective from 1 January 1982 ATV Midlands would be permitted to keep its licence only on the condition that it terminate its association with Grade and ITC (ultimately leading to its re-branding as Central Television). Grade resigned his position in the company while it underwent a series of partnerships and mergers. In 1982, he lost control of ACC to Robert Holmes à Court, who dismissed him and all his staff.

Grade was brought in by American producer Norman Lear in June 1982 to head the London division of Embassy Communications International, to be involved in the production and distribution of films and television programmes. Subsequently, he became a producer of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Starlight Express. After Coca-Cola had bought Embassy, he became the head of a new venture, the Grade Company, in 1985, and was elected a vice-president of the Loews Group chain of cinemas in the United States. The Grade Company produced adaptations for television of works by novelist Dame Barbara Cartland; he owned the rights to 450 of her romances.

By the early to mid-1990s, Grade had returned to ITC to head the company one final time until his death in 1998. Grade was a member of the Founding Council of the Rothermere American Institute at the University of Oxford.

Honours
In 1969, Grade was knighted and created a life peer as Baron Grade, of Elstree in the County of Hertfordshire, on 22 June 1976. He reportedly chose Elstree as his territorial designation because ATV's main studios were based there.

Death
In 1978, Grade, then aged 71, told interviewer Mike Wallace on the CBS program 60 Minutes, "I don't intend to retire until the year 2000." Grade died of heart failure aged 91 on 13 December 1998 in London. He was buried at the Liberal Jewish Cemetery in London's Willesden neighbourhood.

BBC Radio 2 transmitted two special one-hour tribute programmes on 24 and 25 December 2006 as a celebration of Grade's life and marking the centenary of his birth.

References

Further reading

External links

1906 births
1998 deaths
People from Tokmak
People from Berdyansky Uyezd
Ukrainian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
British people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
British ballroom dancers
English company founders
British corporate directors
English expatriates in the United States
English film producers
British mass media owners
British music industry executives
English talent agents
English television executives
English television producers
English theatre managers and producers
Businesspeople from London
Impresarios
ITC Entertainment
ITV people
English male dancers
People from Shoreditch
British company founders
British television company founders
20th-century English businesspeople
20th-century Ukrainian people
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Artillery personnel
Crossbench life peers
Knights Bachelor
Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester
Officers of the Order of St John
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
BAFTA fellows
International Emmy Directorate Award
Burials at Liberal Jewish Cemetery, Willesden
Life peers created by Elizabeth II

Lew Grade


Amalie Sophie Holstein (føbt 1748 – 1823) var en dansk adelsdame.

Hun var datter af Schack von Buchwald til Johannisdorff og Eleonora Elisabet von Plessen. Hun ægtede Ulrik Adolf Holstein (1731-1789) 1763.

Den unge kvinde fortryllede alle ved sin skønhed, og ved Christian 7.s hof hvor hun sammen med Anna Sofie Bülow og Christine Sophie von Gähler dannede dets "tre Gratier".

Kilder
 August Fjelstrup: Damerne ved Karoline Mathildes Hof, 1909.

Danskere i 1700-tallet

Amalie Sophie Holstein


L'Improvisation (ou Allegretto), op. 159, est une œuvre de la compositrice Mel Bonis.

Composition
Mel Bonis compose son Improvisation (ou Allegretto), pour orgue ou harmonium. Le manuscrit ne comporte pas de date. L'œuvre est publiée à titre posthume sous le nom de  chez Carrara en 1971, puis chez Armiane en 2011.

Analyse
Le titre choisi souligne une pièce de genre dont la dénomination est très en vogue à l'époque. De par son caractère, l'Improvisation peut prendre place au sein de la liturgie catholique romaine.

Réception

Discographie

Références

Sources

Liens externes

Œuvre de Mel Bonis

Improvisation (ou Allegretto)


Fusión (también conocido como Fusión Gourmet, durante su etapa inicial) fue un canal de televisión por suscripción peruano, lanzado en el año 2013 por el Grupo Plural TV, cuya programación se basaba en la gastronomía peruana. Fue cerrado por baja audiencia y parte de su programación fue trasladada a América Televisión. Transmitía de forma exclusiva por Movistar TV.

Breve Historia
El proyecto televisivo tomo 4 años antes de su lanzamiento, dos de los cuales estuvieron dedicados a definir el concepto de la señal. El resto del tiempo fue para libretos, realización, diseños gráficos y escenográficos, búsqueda de productores y de chefs que se involucraron en el proyecto.

La idea original del canal fue de Luis Guillermo Camacho ex gerente de Imagen y TV de América Televisión que junto con Eric Jürgensen, ex gerente general del canal promocionaron la nueva señal del canal Fusión Gourmet, el canal de la gastronomía peruana.

Fusión fue el primer canal de cocina peruano y, con el eslogan "El Canal de la Gastronomía Peruana", comenzó sus transmisiones el 6 de mayo del 2013 a las 8pm en el canal 305 de Movistar TV, comenzó con cinco programas: Maestros de la gastronomía peruana (importantes chefs presentan su plato favorito), Sabor Perú (homenaje a los 2.000 platos peruanos), Dulce compañía (dulces), Perú orgánico (comida orgánica) y Comed y bebed (entradas y bebidas).

Los programas estuvieron producidos con gran cantidad de exteriores y cada espacio tenía su propia estética e iluminación. Fusión Gourmet tuvo su propio equipo de producción (60 personas), mientras que América TV lo apoyaba con sus áreas administrativas y de control de emisión y calidad.

La señal televisiva tuvo una propuesta televisiva multitarget y multiplataforma, donde se presentaron los grandes chefs del país, el desarrollo de la industria y turismo gastronómico, los eventos, las recetas, las noticias, las escuelas, los lugares y toda la vida que gira alrededor de la cocina del Perú.

Fin del canal
Entre marzo del 2015 y mayo del 2016 cesó sus transmisiones, no se sabe la razón de manera oficial por parte del canal, pero existen varios rumores, uno de ellos fue "falta de audiencia", otra razón fue la falta de interés del canal de "potenciar el canal" ya que existía pocos programas exclusivos y la mayoría de ellos se repetía en diferentes horarios.

Ex figuras del canal
Debido a su poca existencia, el canal tuvo varias figuras en diferentes programas.

 Javier Wong
 Toshiro Konishi
 Flavio Solórzano
 Blanca Chávez
 Mitsuharu Tsumura
 Oscar Beltrán
 Jacobo Esquenazi
 Roger Arakaki
 Brisa Deneumostier
 Valerie Schroth
 Marco Tremendo (Padre)
 Pier Paolo Tremendo (Hijo)
 Giacomo Bocchio
 Carolina León

Apariciones especiales de varios chefs

 Jana Escudero, del restaurante El Grifo
 José del Castillo de la Red

Programación
Esta lista fue creada a partir de la información obtenida en el portafolio de la división internacional de América Televisión

 Maestros de la Gastronomía Peruana (Apariciones de varios chefs como Javier Wong, Toshiro Konishi, Flavio Solórzano, Mitsuharu Tsumura, etc.)
 Tomad & Comed (conducido por Jacobo Esquenazi)
 Sabor Perú (conducido por Blanca Chávez y Edgardo Rojas)
 Perú Orgánico (conducido por Brisa Deneumostier)
 Mar y Fuego (conducido por José del Castillo)
 Huarike (conducido por Oscar Beltrán)
 Dulce Compañía (conducido por Valerie Schroth)
 Autor
 Como Nikkei (conducido por Roger Arakaki)
 Cocina Nostra (conducción 1°T - Giacomo Bocchio y Carolina León; 2°T Marco Tremendo (Padre) y Pier Paolo Tremendo (Hijo))

Disponibilidad
A pesar de haber existido por dos años, no existen grabaciones de las transmisiones del canal y solo se han podido encontrar clips de los programas al aire y no episodios completos. Se sabe que algunos programas han sido transmitidos durante las madrugadas en el canal América Televisión y que por un tiempo estuvieron en su servicio de streaming América tvGO. También fueron retransmitidos por el canal estadounidense Sur Perú. Se sabe que "Mar y Fuego", "Como Nikkei" y "Sabor Perú" son los únicos programas que siguen siendo retransmitidos por dicho canal.

Logos del canal

Eslóganes
2011 (Primer pre-lanzamiento) El canal de la gastronomía peruana
(2012-2015) El canal de la gastronomía

Véase también
América Televisión
Canal N
Grupo El Comercio

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página de Fusión Gourmet

Grupo Plural TV
Canales de televisión por suscripción de Perú
Movistar TV (Perú)
Canales de televisión desaparecidos de Perú
Canales y estaciones de televisión fundados en 2013
Canales y estaciones de televisión desaparecidos en 2015

Fusión Gourmet