Die Route Transtaïga ist eine 582 km (einschließlich Chemin Caniapiscau: 666 km) lange gekieste Straße in der kanadischen Provinz Québec. Sie verläuft in der Region Jamésie und verbindet mehrere Wasserkraftwerke in dem ansonsten unbesiedelten Gebiet miteinander.

Beschreibung
Die im Jahr 1981 eröffnete Route Transtaïga wurde gebaut, um verschiedene abgelegene Baustellen des Baie-James-Wasserkraftprojekts von Hydro-Québec zu erschließen. Das nordöstliche Ende der Straße nahe dem 55. nördlichen Breitengrad liegt 745 km von Radisson entfernt, womit die Route Transtaïga die abgelegenste Straße Nordamerikas ist. Zwar liegt Schefferville vom Endpunkt aus gesehen nur 190 km entfernt, doch existiert keine Verbindung dorthin, da das Terrain selbst für Geländewagen unpassierbar ist.

Bei Kilometer 544 der asphaltierten Route de la Baie James zweigt die Route Transtaïga in Richtung Osten ab und verläuft in der Nähe des La Grande Rivière und des Rivière Caniapiscau. Entlang der Straße haben mehrere Outfitter Basislager errichtet, von wo aus Jagd- und Angelexpeditionen unternommen werden können. Einige von ihnen bieten Treibstoff, Verpflegung und Übernachtungsmöglichkeiten an. Wie der Name andeutet, führt die Straße durch fast endlosen borealen Nadelwald (auch unter der russischen Bezeichnung Taiga bekannt). Es bestehen Pläne, die Route Transtaïga nach Kuujjuaq in der Region Nunavik zu verlängern; dabei würde auch Schefferville erschlossen.

Straßenverlauf

Weblinks
 Inoffizielle Website über die Route Transtaïga (französisch, englisch)
 Société de développement de la Baie-James

Straße in Québec
Fernstraße in Kanada
Hydro-Québec
Nord-du-Québec
Route Transtaiga

Route Transtaïga


Ahmet Muhtar Cilli, (1871, Trabzon - 5 Kasım 1958), Türk siyasetçi.

İstanbul Yüksek Mühendis Okulu mezunudur. Hicaz Demiryolları Mühendisliği, Nâfıa Nezâreti Demiryolları Umûm Müdürlüğü, Hicaz Demiryolları Umûm Müdürlüğü, Nâfıa Nezâreti Müsteşarlığı, Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebûsan IV. Dönem Trabzon Mebusluğu, Doğu Anadolu Demiryolları İstiksaf ve İnşaat Başmühendisliği, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası Kurucu Üyeliği, TBMM II. Dönem Trabzon Milletvekilliği, Nâfıa Encümeni Reisliği, 1. Hükûmet Nâfıa Vekilliği yapmıştır. Evli ve üç çocuk babasıdır.

Kaynakça

1871 doğumlular
Trabzon doğumlu siyasetçiler
1958 yılında ölenler
TBMM 2. dönem Trabzon milletvekilleri
Son Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı (1920) Trabzon üyeleri
Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası

Ahmet Muhtar Cilli


Alegerile locale din 1930 au avut loc pe 5 februarie 1930. La aceste alegeri, femeile au putut vota pentru prima dată în istoria României. Constitiția din 1938 a extins dreptul de vot pentru toate femeile știutoare de carte. Cu această ocazie au fost alese trei femei primar:  Luiza Zavloschi din Buda, jud. Vaslui, Elena Eisenberg din Cobia, jud. Dâmbovița și Marilena Bocu din Lipova, jud. Arad precum și mai multe consiliere comunale, municipale și județene.

Rezultate
Total mandate - 2364

PNȚ                1933     81,77%

PNL                  316     13,67%

Disid. liberală       7       0,30%

Dr. Lupu               8       0,34%

Averescanii          9       0,38%

Social-democr.     11      0,47%

Part. maghiar       70      2,69%

Germanii              10      0,42%

Condiții pentru a putea vota pentru femei
Femeile care puteau vota erau din mai multe categorii.

- absolventele de învățământ secundar, normal sau profesional, ciclul inferior;

- funcționarele de stat, județ sau comună;

-  femeile care fuseseră decorate pentru activitatea depusă în timpul Primului Război Mondial;

- văduvele de război;

- cele care conduceau societăți culturale, filantropice sau de asistență, la momentul intrării în vigoare a legii.

Totuși, din cele 15.000 de femei care ar fi putut vota, numai 3.000 (sub 0,1% din numărul total de femei) și-au exercitat dreptul de vot.

Note

Alegeri locale în România

Alegeri locale în România, 1930


Clint Eastwood este un actor, compozitor, muzician, producător, regizor și scenarist american. După începerea carierei sale ca actor minor, apoi secundar și total necreditat în roluri modeste și în filme modeste și chiar în seriale de televiziune, Clint Eastwood și-a îmbunătățit treptat statutul său de actor, devenind mai întâi actor secundar creditat în distribuție și apoi primind roluri principale.

Ulterior, după succesul rolului său din serialul de televiziune  Rawhide, care l-a propulsat ca fiind un actor recunoscut național, a urmat rolul principal său din seria de spaghetti western a lui Sergio Leone Dollars Trilogy, din care fac parte cunoscutele filme Pentru un pumn de dolari (în 1964), Pentru câțiva dolari în plus (în 1965) și Cel bun, cel rău și cel urât (în 1966).

În total, Eastwood a apărut în peste 50 filme, fiind actor principal în 42 de filme, incluzând Hang 'Em High, Play Misty for Me, Dirty Harry, Escape from Alcatraz, Tightrope, The Bridges of Madison County și, cel mai recent, în Gran Torino.

Clint Eastwood a început să regizeze filme în 1971, iar în 1982, a debutat ca producător aproape simultan cu două filme, Firefox și Honkytonk Man. Uneori, în anumite filme ale sale, a interpretat roluri cameo. În multe din filmele sale a contribuit cu muzică compusă de el însuși.

Filmografie

 I Creditat cu interpretarea unui cântec în film
 II Creditat cu compunerea unor cântece prezente în film
 III Creditat cu compunerea unor cântece din film
 IV Creditat cu compunerea tuituror temelor muzicale din film.

Televiziune
La începutul carierei sale de actor, Eastwood a interpretat mai multe roluri mici în mai multe seriale de televiziune. Lista de mai jos include mai multe apariții în mai multe seriale și emisiuni de televiziune, interpretând doar caractere de ficțiune. Lista nu cuprinde apariția sa la talk show-uri, interviuri, ceremonii sau la alte spectacole de mass media.

Alte articole
 Awards and nominations received by Clint Eastwood

Referințe
 Generale

 Clint Eastwood filmography at Metacritic (average career score: 68)

 Specifice

 În text

Legături externe

 Filmografie
^
Filmografie actori
Filmografie regizori

Filmografia lui Clint Eastwood


Revolver ist eine deutschsprachige Filmzeitschrift. Schwerpunkt von Revolver sind Interviews mit Filmschaffenden und Texte von Filmschaffenden. Die Zeitschrift versteht sich als Instrument, einen tieferen Einblick in das Denken und in die konkrete Arbeitsweise von Filmschaffenden aus aller Welt zu ermöglichen. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, die öffentliche Diskussion über Film und Kino in Deutschland zu fördern. Insofern versteht sich Revolver auch als filmpolitische Zeitschrift.

Geschichte
Revolver wurde 1998 von Benjamin Heisenberg, Christoph Hochhäusler und Sebastian Kutzli in München gegründet. Mittlerweile wurde der Sitz der GbR nach Berlin verlagert. Herausgeber sind zurzeit Jens Börner, Benjamin Heisenberg, Christoph Hochhäusler, Franz Müller, Nicolas Wackerbarth, Saskia Walker und Marcus Seibert. Weitere Redakteure sind Hannes Brühwiler, Istvan Gyöngyösi, Zsuzsanna Kiraly, Cecile Tollu-Polonowski, Sebastian Ladwig, Johanna Schorn und Leonard Geisler. Alle Mitarbeiter von Revolver arbeiten ehrenamtlich.

Die Zeitschrift erscheint halbjährlich im DIN-A6-Format im Verlag der Autoren. Mittlerweile sind über 40 Ausgaben sowie ein Sammelband vergriffener Texte aus den ersten 14 Ausgaben (Kino muss gefährlich sein, Verlag der Autoren) erschienen.

Neben der Zeitschrift bringt Revolver gemeinsam mit der Filmgalerie 451 unregelmäßig Filme auf DVD heraus, die zuvor nicht auf dem deutschen DVD-Markt erhältlich bzw. nicht deutsch untertitelt waren.

Die Interviews, die in der Zeitschrift erscheinen, werden zum Teil öffentlich geführt als "Revolver Live"-Veranstaltung in Kooperation mit der Volksbühne oder dem Arsenal Kino in Berlin.

2009 erhielt Revolver den DEFA-Preis für die Förderung des künstlerischen Nachwuchses.

Literatur
 Neue deutsche Welle. Christoph Hochhäusler und Benjamin Heisenberg im Interview. Auszüge aus dem Kinomagazin. DIE FILMZEITSCHRIFT "REVOLVER"

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
Offizieller Blog

Filmzeitschrift (Deutschland)
Ersterscheinung 1998

Revolver (Filmmagazin)


Dvojni portreti Maertena Soolmansa i Oopjen Coppit su par vjenčanih portreta Rembrandta van Rijna. Postali su slavni kao najskuplja barokna slika kada ju je obitelj Rothschild prodala muzejima Rijksmuseumu i Louvreu 2015. godine, nakon što su se oba muzeja dogovorila kako će platiti pola od tražene cijene od 160 milijuna €.

Povijest

Kao što sam naziv govori, ove slike je Rembrandt naslikao povodom vjenčanja Martena Soolmansa i Oopjen Coppit 1634. godine. U istom razdoblju kada je Rembrandt naslikao Sat anatomije dr. Nicolaesa Tulpa, čime je otpočeo svoju karijeru. Par je odjeven poput bogatih amsterdamskih mladenaca, što su i bili. Prikazana raskoš ovih mladenaca je učinila da Rembrandt postane slikar portreta za amsterdamsku višu klasu, više nego svi njegovi suzdržani portreti koje je načinio kao student u Leidenu. Iako su naslikani na pojedinačnim platnima, portreti su bili namijenjeni da budu izloženi zajedno, jedan pored drugoga. Zbog svoje veličine i prikaza figura u cijelosti, odudaraju od svih drugih portreta koje je načinio Rembrandt.

Slike su bile u posjedu Soolmansovih nasljednika, izloženi u dvorani Van Loon kolekcije. Cijela kolekcija je prodana Gustaveu Samuelu de Rothschildu, francuskom bankaru, 1877. godine, za 40.000 funti (tada preko milijun francuskih franaka). Posuđene su samo jednom za izložbu Rembrandtovih slika u Rijksmuseumu 1956. godine, povodom proslave njegova 350. rođendana. Njihov sadašnji posjed u muzejima Louvre i Rijksmuseum je prva suradnja muzeja takve vrste. Za razliku od drugih skupih slika, ove neće stalno biti izložene na istom mjestu i uglavnom će biti na turnejama. Prema ravnatelju Rijksmuseuma, Wimu Pijbesu, slike se neće razdvajati jer svaki muzej posjeduje 50% od svake slike.

Bilješke

Rembrandtove slike
Slike u Louvreu
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Slike iz 1630-ih


Valea Sebeșului, cunoscută in zona superioară și sub numele de Valea Frumoasei, este situată în sudul Transilvaniei, în partea centrală a Carpaților Meridionali, în porțiunea unde aceștia prezintă cea mai mare lățime (grupa Șureanu-Parâng-Lotrului).

Imagini

Note

Legături externe
 Valea Frumoasei: de-a lungul "apei viforoase" descrise de Sadoveanu, 22 august 2014, Mihaela Stănescu, Descoperă

Transilvania
Județul Alba

Valea Sebeșului


The dogcow, named Clarus, is a bitmapped image designed by Apple for the demonstration of page layout in the classic Mac OS. The sound she makes is "Moof!", a portmanteau of "moo" and "woof". Clarus became the archetype of surrealistic humor in the corporate culture of the original Macintosh group, particularly as the mascot of Apple's Developer Technical Support as officially documented in Technote #31.

History
In 1983, the dog icon had been created by Susan Kare as the glyph for "z", as part of the Cairo font. Later, when redesigning the classic Mac OS "Page Setup" print dialog box for the LaserWriter, an example image was required. According to HCI engineer Annette Wagner,

The new dog graphic had a more bovine look.

On October 15, 1987, the term "dogcow" was coined by Scott Zimmerman. She was later named Clarus by Mark "The Red" Harlan, as a joking reference to Claris, Apple's business unit for office software at the time.

The Clarus icon became one of the giant pieces of pixel art in the Icon Garden in the front yard of the Apple Campus at 1 Infinite Loop; the Icon Garden has since been removed.

Apple's Developer CD Series of the 1980s features a dogcow logo on the discs.

The latest references to the dogcow came in the documentation for the Swift programming language, which uses the word "dogcow" as an example of the use of Unicode characters to name constants and variables; and in a sticker pack in Messages.

In the first beta of macOS Ventura, the dogcow returned to the page setup window, and in iOS 16 entering 'Clarus' or 'Moof' results in the keyboard suggesting the 'dog' and 'cow' Emoji.

Overview

The sound she makes is "Moof!", and in early versions of Apple Developer CDs one section was known as "Moof!".

The dogcow symbol and "Moof!" were proprietary trademarks of Apple until the registration was cancelled in 1999.

Reception
The disappearance of the Icon Garden and of Clarus from Apple's products is seen by MacWorld as a symbol of the draining of culture and character from, and an increase in blankness and austerity in, Apple's products over the years. In a 2015 retrospective, the magazine said Clarus "came into being through quirkiness and serendipity, and you could say it has no business in a grown-up, commercial operating system. It makes no real sense, and wasn't really there on merit or through strategic planning" and represented a company that was "kooky", "idiosyncratic", and not dominated by rules.

See also

Sad Mac

External links
Archive of a page of official Apple information on the dogcow
Technical Note 1031 on Apple's website (archived February 4, 2004)
ClarusX2014 - A system utility to install Clarus and other dogcattle into OS X Mavericks
Clarus the Dogcow (Moof!) - A history of Clarus (YouTube video)

References

Apple Inc.
Classic Mac OS
Computer folklore
Dog mascots
Mascots introduced in 1983

Dogcow


Amy Joy Rodriguez (født 17. februar 1987) er en amerikansk fodboldspiller, der spiller for FC Kansas City i National Women's Soccer League og er også en del af s kvindefodboldlandshold. Hun har tidligere spillet for Boston Breakers og Philadelphia Independence i WPS. Hun har spillet de fleste kampe som angriber og er kendt for sin hurtighed. Hun kaldes "A Rod" af holdkammeraterne og af fodboldkommentatorer.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra USA
Verdensmestre i fodbold
Olympiske mestre fra USA

Amy Rodriguez


Das Paul-Arnsberg-Denkmal in Frankfurt am Main ist dem Frankfurter Juristen, Publizisten und Historiker Paul Arnsberg gewidmet. Die Stele wurde von dem Bildhauer Clemens M. Strugalla entworfen und im Mai 2011 auf dem im Jahr zuvor neu gestalteten Paul-Arnsberg-Platz im Stadtteil Ostend aufgestellt.

Ausführung

Die als geradlinige und überwiegend glattflächige Dreiecksäule ausgeführte Gedenkstele wurde aus Edelstahl angefertigt. Sie ist etwas unterhalb ihrer Oberkante mit einem umlaufenden Reliefband versehen, das neben eingravierten stilisierten Motiven ein Porträt Arnsbergs und eine Inschrift trägt. Die Motive sollen jüdische Festtage symbolisieren und das jüdische Leben darstellen, durch das dieser Stadtteil bis zum Beginn des Holocaust maßgeblich geprägt war.

Der neben dem Porträt eingearbeitete Text lautet:

"Paul Arnsberg (1899 – 1978) entstammte einer jüdischen Kaufmannsfamilie in Frankfurt und wuchs im Ostend auf. Nach der nationalsozialistischen Machtübernahme musste der Jurist und Publizist 1933 nach Palästina flüchten.

Im Jahr 1958 kehrte er nach Frankfurt zurück und unterstützte den Wiederaufbau der hiesigen Jüdischen Gemeinde. Er widmete sich der historischen Erforschung des Judentums in Hessen und Frankfurt, einer Welt, die von den Nationalsozialisten zerstört wurde.

Nach dem Tod von Paul Arnsberg führte seine Witwe Rosl Arnsberg (1908 – 2010) sein dokumentarisches Werk fort, um die Erinnerung an das jüdische Leben in Frankfurt am Main zu bewahren."

Realisierung
Die Aufstellung der Gedenkstele wurde vom Ortsbeirat 4 angeregt und zum Teil finanziert. Unterstützt wurde das Projekt von der Henry-und-Emma-Budge-Stiftung, der jüdischen Gemeinde Frankfurts, vom Jüdischen Museum Frankfurt am Main, vom Institut für Stadtgeschichte und dem Kulturamt der Stadt.

Verkehrsanbindung
Der Paul-Arnsberg-Platz ist mit den S-Bahn-Linien S1–S6, S8 und S9 über den S-Bahnhof Ostendstraße zu erreichen, mit der Straßenbahn durch die Linien 11 und 14 und deren Haltestellen Ostendstraße oder Zobelstraße. Der nächste U-Bahnhof Ostbahnhof wird von der Linie U6 angefahren.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Denkmal in Frankfurt am Main
Kunstwerk im öffentlichen Raum in Frankfurt am Main
Geschichte von Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt-Ostend

Paul-Arnsberg-Denkmal


Hüseyin Hüsnü Özdamar, Kurtuluş Savaşı'nın Batı Cephesi'nde yararlılıklar göstermiş, TBMM'de 7 dönem Isparta milletvekilliği yapmış bir din ve siyaset adamıdır.

Hayatı
1875'te Isparta'nın Evran Mahallesi'nde doğdu. Babası Hacı Hasan Efendizade Öğretmen İsmail Hakkı Efendi'dir. İlk ve orta öğrenimini Isparta'da tamamladı. İlk tahsilini Sadiye Medresesi'nde o zaman müderrislik yapan Ulubor'lu Hacı İbrahim Efendi ile başlamış, İbrahim Efendi'nin vefatından sonra eğitimine devam için Konya'ya giderek önce Karatay Medresesi'nde Teship ve Hadis ilimlerini tahsil etmiş, daha sonra da Ziyaiye Medresesi'ne kaydolmuştur. Burada altı yıl öğrenim gördü. 2 Ocak 1885'te Müderris Parlakzade Ahmet Fahri Efendi'den icazet aldı. Daha sonra İstanbul'a giderek Mahmutpaşa Medresesi'ne devam etti. Dini bilgilerini ve dil bilgisini geliştirdi. Bu arada 9 Ağustos 1902'de Dersiam Mustafa Asım Efendi'den Müderrislik icazeti alarak Isparta'ya döndü ve Sadiye Medresesi'ne müderris olarak atandı. 1903'te Isparta Kutlubay Camii vaizliğine tayin edildi. 1906 tarihinde Nakibüleşraf Kaymaklığı'na atanmıştır. 1908 tarihinde ilmiye rütbesi olarak Edirne payesi verilmiştir. 16 Ocak 1910'da Antalya Merkez Müderrisliği'ne tayin edildi. Fakat mazereti sebebiyle görevine başlayamadı. Bir süre camilerde Dersiamlık görevi verildi. 9 Ocak 1911'de Şeriye Mahkemesi Zabıt Katibi oldu. 22 Mart 1914'te İl Genel Meclisi üyeliğine seçildi. Müftü Şakir Efendi'nin İttihat ve Terakki Partisi yetkililerinin şikayeti üzerine görevden alınması üzerine, 5 Mart 1916'da Isparta Müftülüğü'ne getirildi. Sabık Müftü Şakir Efendi'nin Müftülüğe iadesi üzerine, 7 Nisan 1919'da istifa ederek görevinden ayrıldı.

Kurtuluş Savaşı yılları
İzmir'de Yunan işgalinin başlamasından (15 Mayıs 1919) sonra yörede oluşan ulusal direnişi destekledi. Isparta'da Müdafaa-i Hukuk çalışmalarına katıldı. Isparta'yı temsilen Uçkurcuzade Ali Efendi ile birlikte 6 Ağustos - 9 Ağustos 1919'daki Nazilli Kongresine katıldı. Nazilli cephesinde Yunanlara karşı bizzat savaştı. Bu arada Milli Mücadele'nin hedef ve amacı hakkında aydınlatıcı vaazlar verdi.

Siyasi hayatı
TBMM 1. Dönem için yapılan seçimle Isparta Milletvekili olarak 23 Nisan 1920'de Meclisin açılışında hazır bulundu. Bu arada Ankara Fetvası'nı Sabık Isparta Müftüsü sıfatıyla tasdik etti.

TBMM'de Şeriye ve İrşad komisyonlarında çalıştı. Dönem içinde üçü gizli oturumda olmak üzere on üç konuşma yaptı. Bir soru, bir gensoru önergesi verdi. Arkadaşlarıyla birlikte verdiği gensoru sonucunda Şeriye ve Evkaf Vekili, Konya milletvekili Mehmet Vehbi Çelik, güvensizlik gösterilmesiyle istifa etti. Arkadaşları ile önerdiği, firardan ölüm cezasına hükümlü bir erin akıl hastalığı nedeni ile affına dair teklifi 18 Ekim 1922 tarih ve 274 sayılı kanun olarak kabul edildi.

TBMM 2. Dönem, 3. Dönem, 4. Dönem, 5. Dönem, 6. Dönem ve 7. Dönem'de yeniden seçilerek yasama görevini 1943 yılına kadar sürdürdü. Bu arada 1 Kasım 1934'te memuriyetten emekliye ayrıldı.

Hamili olduğu Yeşil Şeritli İstiklal Madalyası, cephede fedakârca hizmeti nedeniyle 22 Şubat 1926 tarih ve 212 sayılı Meclis kararıyla Kırmızı-Yeşil Şeritli İstiklal Madalyası'yla değiştirilmiştir.

Özel hayatı
1910 yılında yazıp hazırladığı Feraiz adında bir eseri varsa da, basılmamıştır. 1902 tarihinde Isparta Çelebiler Mahallesi'nden Karaosmanoğlu Azmiye Efendi'nin kızı Kamile Hanım ile evlenmiştir. Bu evlilikten üç çocukları olmuştur. Soyadı Kanunu ile "Özdamar" soyadını almıştır. 17 Haziran 1961'de öldü. Aldan Efendi Kabristanı'nda toprağa verilmiştir. Kanun gereği 5 sene sonra naaşı Isparta Askeri Şehitliği'ne nakledilmiştir.

Kaynakça

Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
I. Dönem TBMM'de Isparta Milletvekilleri ve Meclis Çalışmaları

1875 doğumlular
1961 yılında ölenler
Isparta doğumlu siyasetçiler
TBMM 1. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
TBMM 2. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
TBMM 3. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
TBMM 4. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
TBMM 5. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
TBMM 6. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
TBMM 7. dönem Isparta milletvekilleri
Kırmızı-yeşil şeritli İstiklâl Madalyası sahipleri
Kurtuluş Savaşı'na katılan siviller

Hüseyin Hüsnü Özdamar


Un tranzit astronomic al lui Mercur prin fața Soarelui se produce, văzut de pe Marte, când Mercur trece direct între Soare și Marte, întunecând o mică parte a discului solar din punctul de vedere al unui observator de pe Marte.

Frecvență
Tranziturile de pe Marte sunt mult mai frecvente decât cele observate de pe Pământ: se produc mai multe într-un deceniu.

Perioada sinodică a lui Mercur de pe Marte este de 100,8888 zile; poate fi calculată simplu cu formula 1/(1/P - 1/Q), în care P este perioada siderală a lui Mercur (87,969 35 de zile) și Q perioada siderală a lui Marte (686,960 10).

Observare

Niciun observator uman nu a putut, bine înțeles, să observe un asemenea tranzit, însă roboții Spirit și Opportunity ar fi putut în teorie observa tranzitul din 12 ianuarie 2005 (de la 14h45 UTC la 23h05 UTC), totuși singurele camere capabile să filmeze acest eveniment nu puteau atinge o rezoluție suficientă. Au putut deja să observe tranziturile lui Deimos și Phobos în fața Soarelui, dar cu un diametru unghiular de 2 minute de arc, Deimos este (aparent) aproape de douăzeci de ori mai mare decât Mercur, al cărui diametru unghiular  este de 6,1 secunde de arc. Efemeridele generate de sistemul HORIZONS al JPL  indică faptul că robotul Opportunity ar fi în măsură să observe tranzitul de la început până la apusul local al Soarelui (la circa 19h23 UTC pe Pământ), în timp ce al doilea robot, Spirit, ar putea să-l observe de la răsăritul local al Soarelui (la circa 19h38 UTC pe Pământ) până la capăt.

Robotul Curiosity, aflat pe Marte, la 4 iunie 2014 a reușit să filmeze tranzitul lui Mercur.

Listă
Lista următoare oferă un număr de tranzituri, apropiate de epoca noastră.

Note

Bibliografie
 Albert Marth, Note on the Transit of the Earth and Moon across the Sun's Disk as seen from Mars on 12 noiembrie 1879, and on some kindred Phenomena, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 39 (1879), 513–514.
 Giorgini, J.D., Yeomans, D.K., Chamberlin, A.B., Chodas, P.W., Jacobson, R.A., Keesey, M.S., Lieske, J.H., Ostro, S.J., Standish, E.M., Wimberly, R.N., "JPL's On-Line Solar System Data Service", Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 28(3), 1158, 1996.

Vezi și
 Tranzit astronomic
 Tranzitul lui Mercur
 Tranzitul lui Deimos de pe Marte
 Tranzitul lui Phobos de pe Marte

Tranziturile lui Mercur
Marte

Tranzitul lui Mercur de pe Marte


José Tomás da Fonseca (* 10. März 1877 in Laceiros, Gemeinde Pala, Kreis Mortágua, Portugal; † 12. Februar 1968 in Lissabon) war ein liberaler portugiesischer Politiker und Schriftsteller, der schweren Verfolgungen ausgesetzt war. Er war der Vater von Branquinho da Fonseca.

Leben
Fonseca wurde im Kreis Mortagua geboren. Als Student schrieb er sich zunächst für Theologie an der Universität Coimbra ein, wo er jedoch das Studium ohne Abschluss verließ. Er ging in die Politik, wurde zunächst Abgeordneter des provisorischen Parlaments 1910 und dann ordentlicher Abgeordneter und blieb in dieser Funktion bis 1916 als Mitglied der Partida Democratica, auch war er zwischen 1910 und 1911 unter Präsident Teófilo Braga kurzzeitig Ministerpräsident, 1916 wurde er Gouverneur des Distriktes Viseu. Er war ein entschiedener Verfechter der Ersten Portugiesischen Republik und ein Kämpfer für Freiheit und Demokratie, was ihn 1918 erstmals in Opposition zur Diktatur von Sidónio Pais brachte und ihm zwei Monate Gefängnis einbrachte. Später, 1928, wurde er auch als Mitglied der "Movimento Nacional Democratica" erneut ins Gefängnis geworfen, da er sich offen gegen die Militärdiktatur und die Herrschaft General Carmonas ausgesprochen hatte. Die Diktatur verbot seine Bücher, er wurde zunächst vom Geheimdienst PIDE observiert, später für kurze Zeit im berüchtigten Staatsgefängnis Tarrafal interniert.

Trotz seiner Verfolgungen gelang es ihm, im Bereich der Erziehung und Pädagogik einiges zu erreichen. Er bereiste Frankreich, Belgien und Großbritannien, um sich als Bildungsreformer ein Bild der dortigen Systeme zu machen. Als Professor war er Leiter der Freien Universität von Coimbra und am Conselho de Arte e Arquelogica angestellt.

Der Schriftsteller Fonseca war bekannt für seine religionskritischen Werke, aber auch für seine Erzählungen und Gedichte sowie für die Werke über Kunst, Archäologie und Demokratische Kultur. Auch schrieb er für unzählige Zeitungen und Zeitschriften, so für "Mundo", "Patria", "Voz Publica", "Republica", "Povo" und war Chefredakteur von zwei weiteren Zeitungen.

Er starb 1968 und ist in seinem Heimatkreis in Mortagua beigesetzt. Doch selbst während seiner Beisetzung war die PIDE anwesend und observierte viele der Trauergäste. Heute hat ihn seine Heimatgemeinde geehrt, indem sie die städtische Bibliothek nach ihm benannte ebenso eine Straße und eine Büste von ihm hat aufstellen lassen. Er ist der Vater des noch bekannteren Schriftstellers der zweiten Literarischen Moderne in Portugal, Branquinho da Fonseca.

Werk (Auswahl)
 Aquas Novas; ohne Jahr.
 Filha da Labao (Roman); ohne Jahr.
 Historia da civilicacao, relecion da a historia de Portugal, 1922;
 Fatima (antiklerikales Werk), 1955;
 Bancrotto, Roman, 1962.

Weblinks
 http://www.mortagua.com/paginas/filhos_ilustres.html
 http://www.fmsoares.pt/aeb/crono/biografias?=registor=Tom%C3%A1s%&%20Fonseca
 http://www.cm-mortagua.pt/modules.php?names-sections&sop=viewarticle&artid=68
 http://www.alfarrobista.com/Autor/100019/Tom%C3%A1s%20da%20Fonseca

Autor
Journalist (Portugal)
Historiker
Erzählung
Lyrik
Essay
Portugiese
Literatur (Portugiesisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Abgeordneter (Portugal)
Freimaurer (Portugal)
Freimaurer (20. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1877
Gestorben 1968
Mann

Tomás da Fonseca


La casa Molinero de Las Bellostas es un monumento declarado Bien de Interés Cultural por el Gobierno de Aragón ubicado en Las Bellostas, en España. Esta casa torreada, erigida en el , presenta la tipología habitual del Pirineo. Fue construida en un periodo de numerosos conflictos, lo que explica la proliferación de estas viviendas fortificadas en la zona. En torno a cien casonas de este tipo diseminadas por varias comarcas oscenses hacen reflexionar sobre las causas que motivaron esta abundancia.
En el Alto Aragón se vivió un momento de tal inseguridad que las familias con posibilidades optaron por garantizar su propia seguridad construyendo viviendas militarizadas que permitieran su supervivencia.

Descripción

Casa Molinero es un edificio compacto y de considerables dimensiones de obra de mampostería y sillar; se compone de una majestuosa torre y una edificación de planta baja unida a la misma, que posteriormente fue levanta para alcanzar en altura a la torre,
Toda la construcción es de mampostería cara vista, con sillar en las esquinas y encuadrando las ventanas, con la singularidad de conservar restos de revoco en la fachada principal.
La torre de Casa Molinero, es de planta rectangular con paños de aprox 1 metro de grosor cuenta con una altura de tres plantas, cubierta a dos aguas y tejado de losa. La planta baja de la torre es abovedada con una ventana de pequeñas dimensiones y conecta con el patio de la vivienda. Como en otros casos,  parece que la construcción inicial fue la torre que prácticamente hoy ha quedado engullida por sucesivas modificaciones y ampliaciones por lo que sólo resulta evidente su existencia para entendidos y curiosos.
En la fachada principal se encuentra un escudo que puede datarse en el , según algunos estudiosos..
Este edificio es un buen ejemplo de arquitectura popular por su robustez y austeridad.

Localización

Las Bellostas es una pequeña población perteneciente al municipio de Aínsa-Sobrarbe, la comarca de Sobrarbe, provincia de Huesca, Aragón, España. Para llegar a ella desde Aínsa la mejor opción es dirigirse a Boltaña desde allí tomar la A-1604 y pasado Campodarve tomar un desvío a la derecha; será necesario dejar atrás Morcat y Pueyo Morcat y tras ellos llegaremos a nuestro destino.
Al sur del conjunto urbano se encuentra Casa Molinero.

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

 Turismo de Sobrarbe (http://www.turismosobrarbe.com/cultura.php?niv=4&cla=_3BW0TXG9K&cla2=_3BW0TYWPI&cla3=&tip=2&idi=1
/)
 Geoparque de Sobrarbe (http://www.geoparquepirineos.com/)
 Sistema de información del Patrimonio cultural Aragonés (SIPCA) (http://www.sipca.es/censo/1-INM-HUE-003-907-016/Casa/Molinero.html)

Bienes de interés cultural de la provincia de Huesca
Las Bellostas
Casas torreadas del Alto Aragón

Casa Molinero


La Résolution 704 est une résolution du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU qui a été votée le  et qui recommande à l'Assemblée générale d'admettre comme nouveau membre des Nations unies le pays suivant : les Îles Marshall.

Contexte historique
Le pays est admis à l'ONU le 17 septembre 1991.

Texte
 Résolution 704 Sur fr.wikisource.org
 Résolution 704 Sur en.wikisource.org

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Organisation des Nations unies
 Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies
 Résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies
 Résolutions de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies
 Liste des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies
 Liste des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies par pays

Liens externes
  Resolution 704 sur le site des Nations unies (PDF image).
  Charte des Nations unies sur le site des Nations unies.

0704
Résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies concernant la composition des Nations unies
1991 aux Îles Marshall
Août 1991

Résolution 704 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies


Onthophagus lagnyi é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 1937 por Paulian.

Referências

Ligações externas

lagnyi
Coleópteros descritos em 1937

Onthophagus lagnyi


Caleb Carr (born August 2, 1955) is an American military historian and author. Carr is the second of three sons born to Lucien Carr and Francesca Von Hartz.

He authored The Alienist, The Angel of Darkness, The Lessons of Terror, Killing Time, The Devil Soldier, The Italian Secretary, and The Legend of Broken. He has taught military history at Bard College, and worked extensively in film, television, and the theater. His military and political writings have appeared in numerous magazines and periodicals, among them The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. He lives in upstate New York.

Early years and education
He was born on August 2, 1955, in Manhattan, one of three sons born to Beat Generation figure Lucien Carr and Francesca von Hartz. Lucien's close circle of friends included William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, and Allen Ginsberg, whom Lucien had known since his college days. Their frequent presence in the Carr household affected Carr's future career: "They were noisy drunks that were a disruption. They made me determined never to be a fiction writer". This reaffirmed an earlier sentiment in a 1997 interview, where he stated that, as a child, he "wanted nothing less than to be a fiction writer".

Carr received his primary education from St. Luke's School in Greenwich Village and his secondary education from Friends Seminary, also in downtown New York City. Carr's interest in military history did not help him fit in at Friends Seminary, a Quaker school. He was an excellent student, but he was guilty of pranks like setting off cherry bombs in the school lavatories. When he discovered that his school transcript was marked "Socially Undesirable", he was "stunned". "We had guys in our school who dealt opium and cocaine out of their lockers, and the teacher would take them aside and have conversations". The designation was enough to keep him out of Harvard. He attended Kenyon College, in Gambier, Ohio, from 1973 to 1975 and returned to New York City in 1975 to complete his education at New York University, where, in 1977, he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in military and diplomatic history.

Much of Carr's fiction deals with violence perpetrated by people whose behavior has its origins in childhood abuse. His father, whose famously turbulent childhood ended in a conviction for manslaughter, inflicted physical and emotional abuse upon his wife and children. Caleb remembers being singled out for his father's beatings: "He was enormously threatened by me, from the time I was a child—threatened by my tendency to speak what I perceived. Alcoholics don't tend to like children like that." The physical and verbal abuse fueled by alcohol and rage didn't stop even after Caleb's parents divorced when he was eight. Carr did not learn about his father's crime until he was 18. He recalls being shocked, "but not exactly surprised".

The frequent presence of Lucien's friends Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Burroughs in the Carr home was a "little unnerving". "They could be perfectly nice people one-to-one", Carr told Salon in a 1997 interview. "Kerouac was a very nice man. Allen could be a very nice guy. Burroughs was a little strange for a child. But they weren't children people. You needed to be grown up to be around them if you wanted to not be terrified. What they were up to was not gonna make any child reassured."

After the Carrs' divorce, Kerouac proposed marriage to Caleb's mother, but she turned him down and afterwards married writer John Speicher. Carr's new stepfather was another heavy drinker, and Carr made weekly visits to Lucien. "There was a lot of craziness in the family," Carr remembers, "and a lot of alcoholism among the adults." Speicher had three daughters from a previous marriage, and they and the three Carr brothers bonded, a group that Caleb would label "the dark Brady Bunch". They spent most summers at a house in upstate New York, originally bought by Carr's maternal grandparents, then owned by his mother. "When the adults weren't around it was a place of great solace. When they were, it was a place of great exploration because being in the house too much wasn't an option."

Likewise, when the family was back in New York, Caleb spent as much time as possible away from their apartment. Among his favorite havens, other than the streets of Manhattan themselves, were the city's movie theaters. He at first preferred classic and then war movies, and became increasingly interested in military history. "Part of it was a desire to find violence that was, in the first place, directed toward some sort of purposeful end, and second, governed by a definable ethical code. And I think it's fairly obvious why I would want to do that", he told New York magazine in 1994.

Career
Carr first went to work for the Council on Foreign Relations after high school as a library assistant, and rose during his college year summers (and a semester off) to research assistant. He also wrote freelance articles on global issues. During this period, he published his first nationally noticed broadside: a long indictment, published on the letters page of The New York Times, of Henry Kissinger's foreign policy. This assisted noted historian and expert on U.S. foreign policy James Chace in helping Carr, after he left New York University, to get a job as a researcher and editorial assistant for the Foreign Affairs Quarterly, where Chace was managing editor. A longtime friend of John Speicher, Chace had known Carr since he was nine and became his mentor. "Because of his difficult upbringing, Caleb didn't trust many adults", Chace told New York magazine in 1994. "I became the exception because he sensed I was on his side."

In 1980, Carr left Foreign Affairs to fine-tune and publish his first novel, Casing the Promised Land, a coming of age story about three young men in New York City. It was dedicated to "Everyone who fed me and to: James Chace". Nearly 20 years after Casing the Promised Land was published, the extreme prices that book dealers were offering for the volume forced Carr to post this "self-criticism" on the book's Amazon.com page: "I am the author of this book. It has a few good scenes, but is essentially 'roman à clef' nonsense that every writer has to get out of his system early on. Do yourself a favor and read anything else I've written (you'll be doing me a favor, too). Forgive the follies of youth." (emphasis in the original)

James Chace brought Carr on to organize and edit his acclaimed book, Endless War, dealing with the crisis in Central America, which Carr then covered as a freelance journalist for the Berkshire Eagle and The New York Times. In 1988 Carr and Chace co-authored America Invulnerable: The Quest for Absolute Security from 1812 to Star Wars, an unprecedented and highly acclaimed study of America's traditional and unequivocal approach to national security, beginning with the Founders. From the book: "For more than two centuries, the United States has aspired to a condition of perfect safety from foreign threats. Alarmed by even potential dangers to the nation's security, Americans have forcefully responded to both real and imagined assaults against our own borders as well as against those of foreign nations and provinces whose security we have seen as either strategically or politically linked to our own ... Yet the goal of absolute security has constantly eluded us."

In 1989 he became a contributing editor to MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, a position he still held in 1994.

In 1991 Carr published The Devil Soldier: The Story of Frederick Townsend Ward, the American Soldier of Fortune Who Became a God in China, a biography, and the first of his books to receive wide recognition. According to The New York Times, "by marshaling his scholarship well and setting it out as an adventure story, Mr. Carr gives a good picture of the buccaneering milieu of the time, and makes a plausible case for the devil soldier being on the side of the angels."

Carr was also active in Hollywood in the 1980s and '90s as a screenwriter and producer. He wrote one movie for television, Bad Attitudes (1991), but the revision and execution of his script deeply disappointed him.

Carr returned to New York to begin researching and writing what would prove his breakthrough novel, The Alienist, published in 1994. The book became an international bestseller and has been translated into more than 24 languages. Winner of the 1995 Anthony Award for best first novel (although technically it was his second), the book, set in 1896 New York City follows the exploits of a small band of individuals determined to catch a serial killer. The book was also nominated for the 1995 Bram Stoker award.

Carr's lifelong interest in violence, which initially fed his study of military history, expanded into a study of serial killers with the advent of the Son of Sam murders of 1976–1977. (Once again, this was not a mere fascination with brutality, but with the underlying causes of violence and with people—especially military leaders—who seek to limit killing.) Later, as The Alienist began taking shape in his imagination, Carr immersed himself in the history of the New York City neighborhoods in which he had grown up and biographies of its notable figures of the Nineteenth century. He also sought the counsel, during a series of meetings, with Dr. David Abrahamsen, the psychiatrist who examined David Berkowitz after his capture and "unraveled the mind" of the Son of Sam killer. Carr sold the movie rights for The Alienist to Paramount based on an early draft of the book.

Returning to Hollywood, Carr wrote the pilot for a dystopian vision of the far future, The Osiris Chronicles, for Paramount Television. After a vigorous auction, sale of the broadcast rights went to CBS. Once again, however, the execution of the production was deeply disappointing to Carr, and the show was not picked up. Consulted by Paramount TV as to what could be done to salvage the pilot, Carr told Paramount that, if left to work on his own with the assistant editor, he could produce a new cut of the show for a television movie that would at least be moderately successful, especially abroad. Paramount agreed, and the movie, titled The Warlord: Battle for the Galaxy (1998), did indeed prove a modest success, particularly in foreign markets.

At the same time, he appeared on the History Channel's Jack the Ripper: Phantom of Death (1995) as an expert commentator; additionally he was a guest commentator on PBS's American Experience: New York Underground. He was also a featured commentator in Ric Burns' 1999 documentary New York: A Documentary History. Back in Los Angeles, he performed a page-one rewrite of William Wisher Jr.'s script for a prequel to The Exorcist for Morgan Creek Productions, resulting in a screenplay that attracted the legendary John Frankenheimer to direct, Liam Neeson to star, and the famed cinematographer Vittorio Storaro to shoot. But when Frankenheimer suddenly died and was replaced by Paul Schrader, who insisted on his own version of the script, Neeson abandoned the project and Carr, deeply disillusioned, returned to New York for the last time. He is given partial story credit for the two films eventually produced from the script, Exorcist: The Beginning and Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist, although, in a subsequent interview with the LA Weekly, Carr emphasized that the movies bore little to no relation to his story.

For his next novel, Carr brought back the principals from The Alienist to solve another serial murder case in The Angel of Darkness, published in 1997. The sequel not only sold more copies than its predecessor, it received more critical acclaim. This time, the killer at the center of the hunt is a female murdering infants. The narrator for this adventure is Stevie Taggart, the street urchin Dr. Laszlo Kreizler saved from jail years earlier. When asked about the subject matter, Carr stated, "You want to believe that there's one relationship in life that's beyond betrayal--a relationship that's beyond that kind of hurt--and there isn't. The simple fact is, if the mothers that we see in the press are doing this kind of stuff, then the numbers who are actually doing it are probably much higher."

In 1996 he wrote a piece in the World Policy Journal titled "Terrorism as Warfare: the Lessons of Military History". He also published widely recognized essays on the Somalia intervention ("The Consequences of Somalia") on the corruption and what he saw as the immorality of the CIA ("Aldrich Ames and the Conduct of American Intelligence"), and the pointlessness of trying to pursue purely "humanitarian" military interventions, which the Clinton administration was trying to establish as a doctrine ("The Humanitarian Illusion"), along with numerous other security and military policy pieces. In recognition of these efforts, Random House appointed Carr editor for the Modern Library War series. Carr is also a member of their Modern Library Board. As such, in 1998 and 1999, he participated in the "100 best" project, voting on the 100 best novels and 100 best non-fiction works of the 20th century.

In 2000, Carr published his next novel, Killing Time, another dystopian tale of the future, this time the near future: 2023. First serialized in Time magazine in 1999. The book finds a world with an abundance of information too easily manipulated, thus frequently obscuring reality. The characters travel from New York to the jungles of Africa in their quest to use such manipulation for the benefit of mankind, only to find themselves enmeshed in the central tragic paradox of their efforts, summed up best in a line from the book that is now a commonplace: "Information is not knowledge". Although some agreed with USA Today that Killing Time was "a techno-terrifying tale of the information age run amok" and "a daring departure from the successful Alienist formula, but Carr is still a master of the cliffhanger, serving up a non-stop thrill ride as the story builds to a surprising finish", many found its stark view of information manipulation and its consequences too pessimistic, and the book was only briefly a New York Times bestseller.

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, which were along the lines that Carr had warned of in his writings on terrorism, he returned to the subject, using his "Terrorism as Warfare" piece as the basis for his best-selling, highly acclaimed but controversial book, The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians. Published in 2002, this study of the history of terrorism from ancient Rome to the present was among the first to provide a precise definition of terrorism, one that has endured and made the book a landmark book in the field:  Once again, reviews were extreme but mixed: some did not share the opinion of the Christian Science Monitor, which foretold correctly that, "After the deadly attacks against the United States, many Americans may now find Carr's earlier arguments prescient and his approach the only one that has a chance of working;" instead, many critics agreed with Newsweek opinion that, "The Lessons of Terror is so earnest, so well informed and so outrageous ... that almost any reader will find something to love and something that will make you want to throw the book across the room. It is, in short, pure Carr." But the work achieved the influence among military historians, one of the most eminent of whom, John Lynn, subsequently declared, in his own ensuing volume, Battle: a History of Combat and Culture, that Carr's "insistence that Terrorism [sic] can be traced back to the ancient world and that great armies and great states have engaged in attacks on civilians designed to intimidate and terrorize them is important in both obvious and subtle ways", as well as among terrorism experts, and the military and defense communities that Carr had sought; and it formed the basis of his deeper involvement in an advisory capacity for members of the government. Shortly after its publication, he testified before the House Subcommittee on National Security, met privately with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to discuss the future of the war on terrorism, and served as a guest speaker on every major network and many cable news outlets during the American invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Carr was scheduled to appear on February 6, 2002, at the Council on Foreign Relations to discuss his book, The Lessons of Terror. On February 4, 2002, the appearance was cancelled. Various reasons for the halting of the engagement were put forth in the media. One council member was told there was a scheduling conflict; others alleged not enough members signed up; yet Carr believed the real reason was due to his criticisms of Henry Kissinger, who was a member of the council.

Bard College had asked Carr, in 2003, to speak on the topic of Imperial America. He furthered his relationship with Bard as a visiting professor of history from 2004 to 2005 teaching courses ranging from World Military History to the History of American Intelligence to the History of Insurgencies and Counter Insurgencies. In 2007, he again participated in the Bard Globalization and International Affairs Program's Speakers Series speaking on the topic of anticipating counter insurgency in Iraq. On September 10, 2002, Carr participated in the Bard's Globalization and International Affairs Program panel discussions to mark the events of September 11, 2001, discussing the repercussions of the attacks on the World Trade Center, Shanksville, Pennsylvania, and the Pentagon. In 2013, Bard hosted a six-week academic exchange program on foreign policy with the U.S. State Department, titled, "Grand Strategy in Context: Institutions, People, and the Making of U.S. Foreign Policy".

In 2005 Carr published The Italian Secretary, subtitled A Further Adventure of Sherlock Holmes.  The project was initially to be part of an anthology of new Sherlock Holmes stories by modern mystery writers. When asked why he took on this project, Carr responded, "I think my interest in Holmes is probably like a lot of authors'. There are authors for whom the Holmes stories are part of the beginning of their decision to become writers, especially writers who aspire to popular fiction that has a bit more to it."

Carr's next fiction endeavor, an ambitious volume he had been tinkering with since the 1980s, was published under the title The Legend of Broken in 2012. This work of speculative history set during a time period we know little about—the Dark Ages—imagines a multilayered tale where cultures collide in their bid to rule a kingdom where the borders of the natural world seem to almost bleed over into the unnatural, at times, although Carr was and is adamant in his declaration that the book was not a work of fantasy. The fictional kingdom of Broken occupies the part of modern Germany known as the Harz Mountains, in particular the mountain peak known as Brocken, which for centuries had been considered the seat of supernatural doings, because, Carr demonstrates, of the ignorance and superstition of man. As the book progresses we see how the word "broken" pertains, not only to the city, but also to the characters. The book is an allegory, a cautionary tale for our own time that The Washington Post declared, "an excellent and old-fashioned entertainment ... The Legend of Broken seamlessly blends epic adventure with serious research and asks questions that men and women grappled with in the Dark Ages and still do today."

Carr spent several years researching and writing his most recent novel, Surrender, New York, published August 23, 2016, by Penguin Random House. He stated, "This book is essentially a modern application of the principles and theories of Dr. Laszlo Kreizler to criminal behavior especially that directed at children."

After many failed attempts at adapting The Alienist to film, Paramount announced, in the summer of 2015, that it had partnered with TNT to produce a TV series adaptation helmed by Cary Fukunaga, Emmy-winning director of True Detective. Carr, tentatively hired on (pending his approval of the final scripts produced) as a consulting producer, commented, "After twenty years of tough struggle and countless failed attempts, I'm delighted that Paramount Television, Anonymous Content and TNT have decided to join forces and bring 'The Alienist' to life in what, based on the material I've read, has the potential to be a faithful and exciting TV series." Hossein Amini, Gina Gionfriddo, E. Max Frye and John Sayles also joined the Paramount Television and Anonymous Content project as writers.

Carr has consistently kept up his nonfiction writing, on terrorism, especially. In response to the continued threats from ISIS near the end of 2015 and early in 2016, for example, Carr published a quartet of essays embodying once again his roots as a noted military scholar. The first article, published in the Los Angeles Times, was "If France Wants to Succeed against Islamic State, it should Study the U. S. Invasion of Afghanistan". That was followed by "Let Europe Lead the War in Syria: History Counsels Caution for American Troops", published in the New York Daily News. Next, Vanity Fair published, "The Frantic Media Response to San Bernardino is Making Us Less Safe;" and most recently, the Daily News published another essay of Carr's called, "Strangling Isis, Slowly but Surely". The last warned what Carr saw as an American public that has never fully recovered psychologically from the attacks of 9/11 that the Global War on Terrorism will never have "a Hiroshima moment", and should not attempt one; instead, victory will only be gained patiently and over a span of decades.

Other work
While Carr's early years at home were fraught with chaos and abuse, author James Chace, a childhood friend, stated the house was also "full of learning ... The thing is, most people tend to be narrow. But all the Carrs know music incredibly well, history, literature—they're extraordinarily remarkable." In the 1980s Carr pursued his career as a scholar and journalist; he spent his nights working in the theater directing both repertory works as well as productions of his own plays. Additionally, he played guitar in a band called Hell and High Water.

The late 1990s found Carr expanding his literary repertoire while working as librettist for the opera Merlin, a reinterpretation of the Arthurian legends, with his friend and composer, Ezequiel Vinao. A staged recital of the first scene was performed with a full orchestra at the Paris Opera House in 1999. The work is unfinished.

Personal life
Carr has lived the majority of his life on Manhattan's Lower East Side, spending his summers and many weekends at his family's home in Cherry Plain, New York. In 2000, he purchased his own property, known as Misery Mountain, in Cherry Plain; and in 2006 he moved there permanently. As of 2016, he shares his home with his Siberian cat, Masha.

Publications

Books
Kreizler series
 The Alienist (1994)(won 1995 Anthony Award for Best First Novel)
 The Angel of Darkness (1997)
 Surrender, New York (2016)

Other novels
 Casing the Promised Land (1980)
 Killing Time (2000)
 The Italian Secretary (2005); an authorized Sherlock Holmes mystery
 The Legend of Broken (2012)

Nonfiction
 America Invulnerable: The Quest for Absolute Security from 1912 to Star Wars co-written with James Chace (1989)
 The Devil Soldier: The American Soldier of Fortune Who Became a God in China (1992)
 The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians: Why It Has Always Failed and Why It Will Fail Again (2002)

Anthologies

Columns
 2003 New York Observer. Historical Context M.I.A.: Blame the Commander in Chief
 2003 New York Observer. On Beholding Baghdad
 2003 New York Observer. Handicapping Military Is Order of the Day; Maureen Is Feasting
 2003 New York Observer. The Ferocious Spectacle in Baghdad
 2003 New York Observer. Fear Subsuming Offensive Goals of War on Iraq
 2003 New York Observer. Strategic Bombing Brings Ups Quandary of Military Ethics
 2003 New York Observer. Trouble in Turkey, Al Qaeda Capture Intensify the Heat
 2003 New York Observer. Bush's Conflict: Military Methods At War For Iraq

Opinion pieces

 Carr, Caleb (March 31, 2015). "Defeating ISIS, slowly but surely: Don't panic, and don't expect a Hiroshima moment". New York Daily News

Journal publications
 2007 "Terrorism": Why the Definition Must be Broad, World Policy Journal, Vol. 24, No.4, (Spring, 2007), pp. 47–50
 1996/1997 Terrorism as Warfare: The Lessons of Military History, World Policy Journal, Vol.13, No.4, (Winter, 1996/1997), pp. 1–12
 1995: Internationalism in the Age of Factionalism, World Policy Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, (Summer, 1995), pp. 67–70
 1994: The Dark Knight, MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol. 6, No. 3, (Spring, 1994),
 1994: Aldrich Ames and the Conduct of American Intelligence, World Policy Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Fall, 1994), pp. 19–28
 1993: The Consequences of Somalia, World Policy Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Fall, 1993), pp. 1–4
 1992: The American Rommel, MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History,  Vol. 4, No. 4, (Summer, 1992)
 1990: The Troubled Genius of Oliver Cromwell, MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol. 2, No. 4, (Summer, 1990)
 1989: The Man of Silence, MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol. 2, No. 4, (Spring, 1989)

Reviews
 Carr, Caleb (2002) The New York Times. Dealing With the Work of a Fiend
 Carr, Caleb (2000) The New York Times. Nor Any Drop to Drink
 Carr, Caleb (1993) The New York Times. James the Ripper?
 Carr, Caleb (1992) The New York Times. Should War Be Left to The Generals?
 Carr, Caleb (1992) The New York Times. Minnesota Death Trip

Other
2002 Combating Terrorism: Axis of Evil, Multilateral Containment or Unilateral Confrontation, House Hearing, 107 Congress. (April 16, 2002)

References

External links
 Caleb Carr on 17th Street, a website dedicated to the Alienist books

1955 births
Living people
American military writers
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American historians
21st-century American historians
Bard College faculty
Kenyon College alumni
New York University College of Arts & Science alumni
Techno-thriller writers
Anthony Award winners
New York (state) Democrats
American male novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers
Friends Seminary alumni
People from the Lower East Side
Historians from New York (state)

Caleb Carr


Stimulans ili StimulanS (s posljednjim velikim S) je hrvatski heavy metal sastav. Osnovan je u Splitu 2001. Sviraju uvjerljiv i tehnički dotjeran metal.

Pjesme izvode na engleskom. Jedina njihova pjesma na hrvatskom je Omiški gusar s temom nekadašnjih gusara i suvremenih bikera. Pjesma je posvećena istoimenom Moto klubu iz Omiša. Kako je pjesma postala popularna za nju je snimljen i spot, dvije godine nakon objavljivljanja.

Godine 2010. pobijedili su u Splitu na festivalu autorskih bendova ST-@rt. Njihovi albumi su recenzirani na stranim portalima posvećenima heavy metalu.

Ime
Izraz "stimulans su odabrali jer smatraju da ih glazba pokreće tj. stimulira. Gitarist Grubišić kaže: "Kada su tražili ime netko je spomenuo 'stimulans' i tako se zadržalo jer smo htjeli potaknuti ("stimulate") ljude s našom glazbom i zvukom."

Povijest
Skupinu su osnovali pjevač i gitarist Mario Čuljak i basist Ivan Dabro. Kasnije im se pridružio bubnjar Antonio. Svirali su standarne hard rock pjesme i nekoliko svojih skladbi.

Godine 2002. na mjesto bubnjara dolazi Alen Đurašinović, koji je svirao i u drugim skupinama. Ova postava je započela ozbiljnije svirati i izvela je nekoliko koncerata.
Godine 2003. skupini se pridružuje drugi gitarist, jer je Čuljak kao pjevač morao i svirati gitaru, pa je u sastavu nastala potreba za drugim gitaristom. Tada im se pridružuje Ante Barišić Tiša.  Antu Barišića ponovo 2004. mijenja Darko Grubišić. Sastav je s ovom postavom objavio prvi nosač zvuka jednostavno nazvanog Promo s četiri pjesme. Cd su snimili sami bez izdavača. Objavljen je 23. rujna 2004. Tekstove i glazbu piše Mario Čuljak, dok Grubišić ima ulogu producenta. Godinu dana kasnije objavljuju ep No Words. Na njemu se nalaze potpuno iste pjesme kao i na ranijem nosaču Promo.

Godine 2010 izlazi njihov prvi album Dust. Na njemu su također ponovo objavljene iste pjesme, uz pet novih pjesama. Pet godina kasnije objavljuju album See The Light. Oba albuma su objavile srpske izdavačke kuće.

Diskografija

EP
 Promo 2004.
 No Words 2005.

Albumi
 Dust 2010. One Records
 See The Light 2015. Miner Recordings

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Muzika hr Mario Čuljak (StimulanS): "Da je živit' od heavy metala bilo bi to savršeno"  Intervju Mario Čuljak

Hrvatski sastavi heavy metala
Splitski glazbeni sastavi

Stimulans (sastav)


Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which vascular diseases involving the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels, are managed by medical therapy, minimally-invasive catheter procedures and surgical reconstruction. The specialty evolved from general and cardiovascular surgery where it refined the management of just the vessels, no longer treating the heart or other organs. Modern vascular surgery includes open surgery techniques, endovascular (minimally invasive) techniques and medical management of vascular diseases - unlike the parent specialities. The vascular surgeon is trained in the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting all parts of the vascular system excluding the coronaries and intracranial vasculature. Vascular surgeons also are called to assist other physicians to carry out surgery near vessels, or to salvage vascular injuries that include hemorrhage control, dissection, occlusion or simply for safe exposure of vascular structures.

History
Early leaders of the field included Russian surgeon Nikolai Korotkov, noted for developing early surgical techniques, American interventional radiologist Charles Theodore Dotter who is credited with inventing minimally invasive angioplasty (1964), and Australian Robert Paton, who helped the field achieve recognition as a specialty. Edwin Wylie of San Francisco was one of the early American pioneers who developed and fostered advanced training in vascular surgery and pushed for its recognition as a specialty in the United States in the 1970s. The most notable historic figure in vascular surgery is the 1912 Nobel Prize winning surgeon, Alexis Carrel for his techniques used to suture vessels.

Evolution

The specialty continues to be based on operative arterial and venous surgery but since the early 1990s has evolved greatly. There is now considerable emphasis on minimally invasive alternatives to surgery. The field was originally pioneered by interventional radiologists like Dr. Charles Dotter, who invented angioplasty using serial dilatation of vessels.

The surgeon Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty invented a balloon catheter, designed to remove clots from occluded vessels, which was used as the eventual model to do endovascular angioplasty. Further development of the field has occurred via joint efforts between interventional radiology, vascular surgery, and interventional cardiology. This area of vascular surgery is called Endovascular Surgery or Interventional Vascular Radiology, a term that some in the specialty append to their primary qualification as Vascular Surgeon. Endovascular and endovenous procedures (e.g., EVAR) can now form the bulk of a vascular surgeon's practice.

The treatment of the aorta, the body's largest artery, dates back to Greek surgeon Antyllus, who first performed surgeries for various aneurysms in the second century AD. Modern treatment of aortic diseases stems from development and advancements from Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley. In 1955, DeBakey and Cooley performed the first replacement of a thoracic aneurysm with a homograft. In 1958, they began using the Dacron graft, resulting in a revolution for surgeons in the repair of aortic aneurysms. He also was first to perform cardiopulmonary bypass to repair the ascending aorta, using antegrade perfusion of the brachiocephalic artery.

Dr. Ted Diethrich, one of Dr. DeBakey's associates, went on to pioneer many of the minimally invasive techniques that later became hallmarks of endovascular surgery. Dietrich later founded the Arizona Heart Hospital in 1998 and served as its medical director from 1998 to 2010. In 2000, Diethrich performed the first endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Dietrich trained several future leaders in the field of endovascular surgery at the Arizona Heart Hospital including Venkatesh Ramaiah, MD who served as medical director of the institution following Dietrich's death in 2017.

The development of endovascular surgery has been accompanied by a gradual separation of vascular surgery from its origin in general surgery. Most vascular surgeons would now confine their practice to vascular surgery and, similarly, general surgeons would not be trained or practise the larger vascular surgery operations or most endovascular procedures. More recently, professional vascular surgery societies and their training program have formally separated vascular surgery into a separate specialty with its own training program, meetings and accreditation. Notable societies are Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS), USA; Australia and New Zealand Society of Vascular Surgeons (ANZSVS). Local societies also exist (e.g., New South Wales Vascular and Melbourne Vascular Surgical Association (MVSA)). Larger societies of surgery actively separate and encourage specialty surgical societies under their umbrella (e.g., Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS)).

Currently
Arterial and venous disease treatment by angiography, stenting, and non-operative varicose vein treatment sclerotherapy, endovenous laser treatment have largely replaced major surgery in many first world countries. These procedures provide reasonable outcomes that are comparable to surgery with the advantage of short hospital stay (day or overnight for most cases) with lower morbidity and mortality rates. Historically performed by interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons have become increasingly proficient with endovascular methods. The durability of endovascular arterial procedures is generally good, especially when viewed in the context of their common clinical usage i.e. arterial disease occurring in elderly patients and usually associated with concurrent significant patient comorbidities especially ischemic heart disease. The cost savings from shorter hospital stays and less morbidity are considerable but are somewhat balanced by the high cost of imaging equipment, construction and staffing of dedicated procedural suites, and of the implant devices themselves.
The benefits for younger patients and in venous disease are less persuasive but there are strong trends towards nonoperative treatment options driven by patient preference, health insurance company costs, trial demonstrating comparable efficacy at least in the medium term.

A recent trend in the United States is the stand-alone day angiography facility associated with a private vascular surgery clinic, thus allowing treatment of most arterial endovascular cases conveniently and possibly with lesser overall community cost. Similar non-hospital treatment facilities for non-operative vein treatment have existed for some years and are now widespread in many countries.

NHS England conducted a review of all 70 vascular surgery sites across England in 2018 as part of its Getting It Right First Time programme. The review specified that vascular hubs should perform at least 60 abdominal aortic aneurysm procedures and 40 carotid endarterectomies a year.  12 trusts missed both targets and many more missed one of them.  A programme of concentrating vascular surgery in fewer centres is proceeding.

Vascular surgery encompasses surgery of the aorta, carotid arteries, and lower extremities, including the iliac, femoral, vascular trauma and tibial arteries. Vascular surgery also involves surgery of veins, for conditions such as May–Thurner syndrome and for varicose veins.  In some regions, vascular surgery also includes dialysis access surgery and transplant surgery.

Management of arterial diseases

The management of arterial pathology excluding coronary and intracranial disease is within the scope of vascular surgeons. Disease states generally arise from narrowing of the arterial system known as stenosis or abnormal dilation referred to as an aneurysm. There are multiple mechanisms by which the arterial lumen can narrow, the most common of which is atherosclerosis. Symptomatic stenosis may also result from a complication of arterial dissection. Other less common causes of stenosis include fibromuscular dysplasia, radiation induced fibrosis or cystic adventitial disease. Dilation of an artery which retains histologic layers is called an aneurysm. An aneurysms can be fusiform (concentric dilation), saccular (outpouching) or a combination of the two. Arterial dilation which does not contain three histologic layers is considered a pseudoaneurysm. Additionally, there are a number of congenital vascular anomalies which lead to symptomatic disease that are managed by the vascular surgeon, a few of which include aberrant subclavian artery, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome or persistent sciatic artery.  Vascular surgeons treat arterial diseases with a range of therapies including lifestyle modification, medications, endovascular therapy and surgery.

Aneurysms

Aortic aneurysms

Abdominal
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to aneurysmal dilation of the aorta confined to the abdominal cavity. Most commonly, aneurysms are asymptomatic and located in the infrarenal position. Often, they are discovered incidentally or on screening exams in patients with risk factors such as a history of smoking. Patients with aneurysms which have a diameter less than 5 cm are at <1% rupture risk per year. When the aneurysm meets size criteria it can be treated with aortic replacement or EVAR.

Thoracic
Thoracic aortic aneurysms are contained in the chest. Aneurysms of the descending aorta can often be treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair or TEVAR. Treating aneurysms which involve the ascending aorta are generally within the scope of cardiac surgeons, but upcoming endovascular technology may allow for a more minimally invasive approach in some patients.

Thoracoabdominal
Thoroacoabdominal aneurysms are those which span the chest and abdominal cavities. The Crawford classification was developed and describes five types of thoracoabdominal aneurysms.

Other arterial aneurysms
In addition to treating aneurysms which arise from the aorta, vascular surgeons also treat aneurysms elsewhere in the body.

Visceral artery
Visceral artery aneurysms include those isolated to the renal artery, splenic artery, celiac artery, and hepatic artery. Of these, data shows that splenic artery aneurysms are the most common.

Indications for repair differ slightly between arteries. For instance, current guidelines recommend repair of renal and splenic artery aneurysms greater than 3 cm, and those of any size in women of childbearing age; whereas celiac and hepatic artery aneurysms are indicated for repair when their size is greater than 2 cm. This is in contrast to superior mesenteric artery aneurysms which should be repaired regardless of size when they are discovered.

Popliteal artery
A popliteal artery aneurysm is an arterial aneurysm localized in the popliteal artery which courses behind the knee. Unlike aneurysms located in the abdomen, popliteal artery aneurysm rarely present with rupture but rather with symptoms of acute limb ischemia due to embolization of thrombus. Thus, when a patient presents with an asymptomatic popliteal aneurysm that is greater than 2 cm in diameter a vascular surgeon are able to offer vascular bypass or endovascular exclusion depending on several factors.

Arterial dissections

The artery wall is composed of three concentric layers: the intima, media and adventitia. In general,  an arterial dissection is a tear in the innermost layer of the arterial wall that makes a separation which allows blood to flow, and collect, between the layers. Arterial dissections include: an aortic dissection (aorta), a coronary artery dissection (coronary artery), two types of cervical artery dissection involving one of the arteries in the neck – a carotid artery dissection (carotid artery), and a vertebral artery dissection (vertebral artery), a pulmonary artery dissection is an extremely rare condition as a complication of chronic pulmonary hypertension.

Whereas cardiac surgeons are usually in charge of managing type A dissections, type B dissections are typically managed by vascular surgeons. The most common risk factor for type B aortic dissection is hypertension. The first line treatment for type B aortic dissection is aimed at reducing both heart rate and blood pressure and is referred to as anti-impulse therapy.

Should initial medical management fail or there is the involvement of a major branch of the aorta, vascular surgery may be needed for these type B dissections. Treatment may include thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with or without extra-anatomic bypass such as carotid-carotid bypass, carotid-subclavian bypass, or subclavian-carotid transposition.

Visceral artery dissection
Visceral artery dissections are arterial dissections involving the superior mesenteric artery, celiac artery, renal arteries, hepatic artery and others. When they are an extension of an aortic dissection, this condition is managed simultaneously with aortic treatment. In isolation, visceral artery dissections are discovered incidentally in up to a third of patients and in these cases may be managed medically by a vascular surgeon. In cases where the dissection results in organ damage it is generally accepted by vascular surgeons that surgery is necessary. Surgical management strategies depend on the associated complications, surgical ability and patient preference.

Mesenteric ischemia
Mesenteric ischemia results from the acute or chronic obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The SMA arises from the abdominal aorta and usually supplies blood from the distal duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon and the pancreas.

Chronic mesenteric ischemia
The symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia can be classified as abdominal angina which is abdominal pain which occurs a fixed period of time after eating. Due to this, patient's may avoid eating, resulting in unintended weight loss. The first surgical treatment is thought to be performed by R.S. Shaw and described in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1958. The procedure Shaw described is referred to as mesenteric endarterectomy. Since then, many advances in treatment have been made in minimally invasive, endovascular techniques including angioplasty and stenting.

Acute mesenteric ischemia
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) results from the sudden occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery.

Renovascular hypertension
The renal arteries supply oxygenated blood to the kidneys. The kidneys serve to filter the flood and control blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. One cause of resistant hypertension is atherosclerotic disease in the renal arteries and is generally referred to as renovascular hypertension. If renovascular hypertension is diagnosed and maximal medical fails to control high blood pressure, the vascular surgeon may offer surgical treatment, either endovascular or open surgical reconstruction.

Cerebrovascular disease

Vascular surgeons are responsible for treating extracranial cerebrovascular disease as well as the interpretation of non-invasive vascular imaging relating to extracranial and intracranial circulation such as carotid ultrasonography and transcranial doppler. The most common of cerebrovascular conditions treated by vascular surgeons is carotid artery stenosis which is a narrowing of the carotid arteries and may be either clinically symptomatic or asymptomatic (silent). Carotid artery stenosis is caused by atherosclerosis whereby the buildup of atheromatous plaque inside the artery causes narrowing.

Symptoms of carotid artery stenosis can include transient ischemic attack or stroke. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis can be diagnosed with the aid of carotid duplex ultrasound which allows for the estimation of severity of narrowing as well as characterize the plaque. Treatment can include medical therapy, carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting.

The Society for Vascular Surgery publishes clinical practice guidelines for the management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease. Less common diseases involving cerebral circulation treated by vascular surgeons include vertebrobasilar insufficiency, subclavian steal syndrome, carotid artery dissection, vertebral artery dissection, carotid body tumor and carotid artery aneurysm among others.

Peripheral artery disease
Peripheral artery disease PAD is the abnormal narrowing of the arteries which supply the limbs. Patients with this condition can present with intermittent claudication which is pain mainly in the calves and thighs while walking. If there is progression, a patient may also present with chronic limb threatening ischemia which encompasses pain at rest and non-healing wounds. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, endovascular and open surgical treatment of PAD.

A vascular surgeon may diagnose PAD using a combination of history, physical exam and medical imaging. Medical imaging may include ankle-brachial index, doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography, among others. Treatments are individualized and may include medical therapy, endovascular intervention or open surgical options including angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, endarterectomy and vascular bypass, among others.

Management of venous diseases

Chronic venous disease
Chronic venous insufficiency is the abnormal pooling of blood in the lower extremity venous system which can lead to reticular veins, varicose veins, chronic edema and inflammation among other things. Population data suggests that chronic venous insufficiency affects up to 40% of females and 17% of males. When chronic insufficiency leads to pain, swelling and skin changes it is referred to as chronic venous disease. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is distinguished from post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in that CVI is primarily an issue of valvular incompetence of the superficial or deep veins whereas PTS may occur as a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis.

The vascular surgeon has several modalities to treat lower extremity venous disease which including medical, interventional and surgical procedures. For instance, venous ulceration may be treated with Unna's boots, superficial venous reflux with radiofrequency, laser ablation or vein stripping if indicated. When indicated, insufficiency in the deep veins may be treated with reconstruction of the venous valves with internal or external valvuloplasty.

Varicose veins

Lower extremity varicose veins is the condition in which the superficial veins become tortuous(snakelike) and dilated (enlarged) to greater than 3mm in the upright position. Incompetent or faulty valves are often present in these veins when investigated with duplex ultrasonography. Vascular treatments can include compression stockings, venous ablation or vein stripping, depending on specific patient presentation, severity of disease, among other things.

Nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions
Nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL) include May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS) whereby there is compression of the left iliac venous outflow usually by the right iliac artery leading to left leg discomfort, pain, swelling and varicose veins. NIVL encompasses compression of the iliac veins on either the right or left side. Vascular surgeons may offer different treatment modalities depending on the patient presentation. Minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic options might include intravascular ultrasound, venography and iliac vein stenting whereas surgical management may be offered in refractory cases. Surgical management strategies involve reconstruction or bypass of the affected segment such as cross-pubic venous bypass, also known as the Palma procedure.

Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of thrombus in a deep vein. DVT is more likely to occur in the lower extremity than the upper extremity or jugular vein. When a DVT involves the pelvic and lower extremity veins it can sometimes be classified as an iliofemoral DVT. Some evidence to suggests that performing an intervention in these cases may be beneficial whereas other evidence does not. Overall, the data shows that there may be a reduction in the incidence in post-thrombotic syndrome in patients who undergo certain procedures for iliofemoral DVT but it is not without risks. A vascular surgeon may offer venogram, endovascular suction or mechanical thrombectomy and in some cases pharmacomechanical thrombectomy. Some lower extremity DVT can be severe enough to cause a condition called phlegmasia cerulea dolens or phlegmasia alba dolens and can be limb-threatening events. When phlegmasia is present, intervention is often warranted and may include venous thrombectomy.

Post-thrombotic syndrome
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a medical condition that sometimes occurs as a long-term complication of DVT and is characterized by long term edema and skin changes following DVT. Presenting symptoms may include itchiness, pain, cramps and paresthesia. It is estimated that between 20% and 50% of patients will experience some degree of PTS. A treatment strategy for PTS may involve the use of compression stockings.

Pulmonary embolism
Surgical management of an acute pulmonary embolism (pulmonary thrombectomy) is uncommon and has largely been abandoned because of poor long-term outcomes. However, recently, it has gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique and is thought to benefit certain people. Chronic pulmonary embolism leading to pulmonary hypertension (known as chronic thromboembolic hypertension) is treated with a surgical procedure known as a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.

Compressive venopathies
Compression of large veins by adjacent structures or masses may lead to distinct clinical syndromes including May–Thurner syndrome (MTS), nutcracker syndrome and superior vena cava syndrome to name a few. Treatment modalities include venography, intravascular ultrasound and venous stenting as well as more invasive open venous reconstruction and bypass.

Management of hemodialysis access
Patients with chronic kidney disease may have progression of disease which requires renal replacement therapy to filter their blood. One strategy for this therapy is hemodialysis, which is a procedure that involves filtering a patient's blood to remove waste products and returning their blood back to them. One method which avoids repeated arterial trauma is to create an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The first procedure described for this purpose is named the Cimino fistula, after one of the surgeons who first had success with it. Vascular surgeons may create an AVF for a patient as well as undertake minimally invasive procedures to ensure the fistula remains patent.

Management of vascular trauma
One way that vascular trauma may be understood is by categorizing vascular injury by three criteria: mechanism of injury, anatomical site of injury and contextual circumstances. Mechanism of injury refers to etiology, e.g. iatrogenic, blunt, penetrating, blast injury, etc. Anatomical site functionally refers to whether there is compressible versus non-compressible hemorrhage, while contextual circumstances refers to injuries sustained in the civilian or military realm. Each context can be further broken down: military into combatant vs. noncombatant and civil into urban vs rural trauma. This categorization scheme is of both epidemiologic and clinical significance. For instance, arterial injury in military combatants currently occurs predominantly in males in their twenties who are exposed to improvised explosive devices or gunshot wounds; whereas in the civilian realm, one study conducted in the United States showed the most common mechanisms to include motor vehicle collisions, firearm injuries, stab wounds and falls from heights.

Blunt thoracic aortic injury
Advances in vascular surgery, specifically endovascular technologies, have led to a dramatic change in the operative approach to blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI). BTAI results from a high speed insult to the thorax such as a motor vehicle collision or a fall from a height. One widely-used classification scheme is based on the extent of injury to the anatomic layers of the aorta as seen with computed tomography angiography or intravascular ultrasound. Grade 1 BTAI are those which tear the aortic intima; grade 2 injuries refer to intramural hematoma; grade 3 injuries are pseudoaneurysm and are only contained by adventitial tissue; and grade 4 refer to free rupture of blood into the chest and surrounding tissue. When indicated, first line intervention involves TEVAR.

Investigations

Major trials

Training
Previously considered a field within general surgery, it is now considered a specialty in its own right. As a result, there are two pathways for training in the United States. Traditionally, a five-year general surgery residency is followed by a 1-2 year (typically 2 years) vascular surgery fellowship. An alternative path is to perform a five or six year vascular surgery residency. In many countries, Vascular surgeons can opt for additional training in cardiac surgery as well as post-residency.

Programs of training vary slightly between different regions of the world.

See also
 Society for Vascular Surgery, the major American professional society
 Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the appendicular musculoskeletal system
 Kakish Ryskulova
 Vein
 Phlebologist
 Cardiovascular disease
 Cardiology

References

External links
 Society for Vascular Surgery (U.S.)
 European Society for Vascular Surgery

Surgical specialties

Vascular surgery


En balconette bh (eller balconet) kaldes typisk også en halvskål. Skålen er lavere end andre bh typer. En balconette bh løfter barmen. Der er lodrette sømme på skålen og stropperne sidder langt ude på skuldrene, hvilket giver bh´et mere åbent look. En balconette bh fås både med og uden fyld i skålene.

Undertøj

Balconette BH


Tulyum (kısaltması Tm), atom numarası 69, atom ağırlığı 168,9, yoğunluğu 9,3 olan, yaklaşık 1500 °C'de eriyen nadir element.

Tulyum elementi gümüş, altın ya da kadmiyum gibi nadir görülen, en az bulunan elementlerden biridir.

Parlak, gümüşi bir renktedir. Nemden korunmalıdır. Element gümüşi gri, ve bir bıçak ile kesilecek kadar yumuşaktır. Nadir toprak metal, monazit gibi minerallerinde bulunur.

Metalik tulyum, tulyum oksidin metalik lantanla ya da susuz tulyum florürünün metalik kalsiyumla indirgenmesiyle elde edilir. Saf haldeki tulyum metali gümüş parlaklığında ve havaya oldukça dayanıklıdır. Tulyumun atom kütleleri 161-176 arasında değişen 16 izotopu bilinmektedir. Doğal tulyum kararlı Tm-169 izotopundan oluşur. Tulyumun pahalı bir metal olması onun uygulama alanlarını sınırlandırır. Bununla birlikte bir nükleer reaktörde nötronlarla bombardıman edilen doğal tulyum taşınabilir X ışını cihazlarında radyasyon kaynağı olarak kullanılır. Tm-171 izotopu ise bir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptir. Doğal tulyum, mikrodalga cihazlarının yapımında kullanılan seramikten yapılmış manyetik maddeler olarak ferritlerin yapımında kullanılır. Tulyum da öteki lantanitler gibi zehirlenmelere yol açan bir maddedir. Bundan ötürü kullanımında çok dikkatli olunması gerekir.

Kimyasal reaksiyonları
Tulyum havayla temasında yavaş yavaş kararır ve 150 °C de tulyum (III) oksit oluşturmak için reaksiyona girer:

4 Tm + 3 O2 → 2 Tm2O3

Tulyum oldukça elektropozitif ve tulyum hidroksit oluşturmak için sıcak su ile hızlı bir şekilde, soğuk su ile yavaş bir şekilde reaksiyona girer ve:

2 Tm (katı) + 6 H2O (sıvı) → 2 Tm(OH)3 (aq) + 3 H2 (gas)

Tulyum bütün halojenler ile reaksiyona girer. Reaksiyon, oda sıcaklığında yavaştır ama 200 °C nin üstünde hızlıdır:

2 Tm (katı) + 3 F2 (gas) → 2 TmF3 (katı) [beyaz]
2 Tm (katı) + 3 Cl2 (gas) → 2 TmCl3 (katı) [sarı]
2 Tm (katı) + 3 Br2 (gas) → 2 TmBr3 (katı) [beyaz]
2 Tm (katı) + 3 I2 (gas) → 2 TmI3 (katı) [sarı]

Lantanitler
İndirgeyici maddeler
Elementler
Metaller

Tulyum


Bell station (formerly Hurst/Bell Station) is a Trinity Railway Express commuter rail station in Fort Worth, Texas. It is located on Bell Spur Drive at Trinity Boulevard. It opened on September 16, 2000, and serves the main plant of Bell Helicopter Textron. Bell station sits within the city of Fort Worth but is located within a Hurst Zip Code.

It is also the closest station to Arlington, Texas at about  from the city's geographic center.

References

External links
 TRE - Bell Station

Trinity Railway Express stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2000
Railway stations in Tarrant County, Texas
Railway stations in Fort Worth, Texas

Bell station (TRE)


Henri Wilhelm Petri (* 5. April 1856 in Zeist (bei Utrecht); † 7. April 1914 in Dresden) war ein niederländischer klassischer Violinist und Komponist.

Leben
Seine Jugendjahre verbrachte Petri in Utrecht, wo sein Vater Oboist in der städtischen Kapelle war. Zunächst erhielt er von diesem Violinunterricht, nach dem Tod seines Vaters vom dortigen Konzertmeister Dahmen, ab 1871 drei Jahre bei Joseph Joachim in Berlin und schließlich in Brüssel.

1877 war er als Solist in London, danach Konzertmeister in Sondershausen und Hannover, ab Oktober 1882 Konzertmeister des Gewandhausorchesters in Leipzig und ab 1889 "Königlich Sächsischer Konzertmeister" der Dresdner Hofkapelle. Während seiner Leipziger Zeit war er außerdem Mitglied des Gewandhaus-Quartetts. In Dresden begründete er das Petri-Quartett.

Petri trat als Komponist mit Violinstücken und Liedern hervor.

Er ist der Vater des Pianisten Egon Petri.

Der Maler Robert Sterl porträtierte Henri Peter 1906.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski und Waldemar von Wasielewski: Die Violine und ihre Meister. 4. Auflage, Sändig, Wiesbaden 1904, S. 518.

Einzelnachweise

Konzertmeister
Klassischer Geiger
Gewandhausmusiker
Niederländer
Geboren 1856
Gestorben 1914
Mann

Henri Petri


Jaroslav Navrátil (* 24. Juli 1957 in Přerov, damals ČSR) ist ein ehemaliger tschechischer Tennisspieler.

Leben
Navrátil feierte seinen ersten größeren Erfolg auf der ATP World Tour, als er 1981 in Kitzbühel das Achtelfinale erreichte, und dabei Juan Aguilera bezwang. In den darauf folgenden Jahren konnte er diesen Einzelerfolg nicht wiederholen, erst 1984 erreichte er mit der Viertelfinalteilnahme bei den Swedish Open wieder ein nennenswertes Resultat. Im selben Jahr stand der erneut im Achtelfinale von Kitzbühel und im Viertelfinale von Toulouse. Sein größter Erfolg war die Teilnahme am Halbfinale von Prag 1987, als er in der ersten Runde Miloslav Mečíř bezwang und schließlich Tomáš Šmíd unterlegen war.

Erfolgreicher war Navrátil im Doppel. Im Laufe seiner Karriere konnte er zwei Titel auf der ATP World Tour sowie zwei weitere auf der ATP Challenger Tour erringen. Seine höchste Notierung in der Tennis-Weltrangliste erreichte er 1987 mit Position 64 im Einzel sowie Position 31 im Doppel.

Sein bestes Einzelergebnis bei einem Grand-Slam-Turnier war das Erreichen der zweiten Runde bei den US Open 1987, wo er nach einem Sieg über Mike DePalmer dem Schweizer Jakob Hlasek unterlag. In der Doppelkonkurrenz erreichte er im selben Jahr an der Seite von Stanislav Birner das Viertelfinale der French Open.

Navrátil wurde 1983 einmal in die tschechoslowakische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft berufen. In der Partie gegen Paraguay kam er im letzten Einzel zum Einsatz, als der Sieg der Tschechoslowaken bereits feststand. Seine Partie gegen Víctor Caballero gewann er klar in zwei Sätzen. Nach dem Ende seiner aktiven Karriere wurde er Kapitän der tschechischen Davis-Cup-Mannschaft.

Turniersiege

Doppel

Weblinks

Tennisspieler (Tschechien)
Geboren 1957
Mann
Tscheche

Jaroslav Navrátil


أنعم بن ناصر بن مدهش بن قائد الشرعبي الحميري (1312 هـ – 1387 هـ) أحد مراجع الشافعية، والمدرس في الحرم المكي ، و المدرسة الصولتية ثم مدارس الفلاح .

مولده و نشأته

ولد عام 1312 هـ في مدينة البرك شمال شرق تعز، ونشأ مع أخيه الوحيد وأخواته الأربع في حجر والده الشيخ ناصر بن مدهش بن قائد الخالدي الشرعبي شيخ قبائل شرعب الرونة الحميرية.

طلبه للعلم

رحل في طلب العلم إلى مدينة زبيد وإلى مدينة بيت الفقيه جنوب شرق الحديدة في اليمن، والتي عرفت باسم الفقيه الشهير أحمد بن موسى بن علي بن عمر بن عجيل المتوفى سنة 690 هـ. ثم هاجر الشيخ أنعم ناصر وهو شاب إلى مكة فأخذ عن علمائهما في الشريعة والعربية، مقيماً في الرباط المخصص لطلبة العلم عند باب إبراهيم، حيث كانت له فيه غرفة مطلة على الكعبة مباشرة، ومن زملائه الشيخ محمد العربي التباني والشيخ حسن بن سعيد يماني (1312 – 1391 هـ) والشيخ حسن المشاط (1317-1399هـ).

شيوخه في مكة المكرمة

تلقى الشيخُ أنعم العلم عن مجموعة مهمة من  علماء مكة في مختلف العلوم الشرعية وكان على رأس العلماء الذين تلقى العلم والمعرفة عنهم رواية ودراية: المعمَّر المحدث الشيخ بهاء الدين الأفغاني المكي (1231- 1365 هـ), فتلقى عنه صحيح البخاري كاملا، متنا وشرحا، في مجالس عديدة بدأت في عام 1330 هـ ثم امتدت ما يربو على عامين هذا وقد زملاؤه في الأخذ عن الشيخ بهاء الدين: عقيل هاشم عزوز، والد الشيخ إسحق، والشيخ حسن مشاط، والشيخ ياسين الفاداني، والشيخ أبو بكر بن أحمد بن حسين الحبشي، والقاضي عبد الحفيظ الفاسي، والشيخ أحمد بن شعيب الأزموري المغربي، والقاضي أحمد بن عبد الله ناضرين المكي، والشيخ أحمد بن الحسين آل جندان باعلوي وغيرهم.

التحق الشيخ أنعم الشيخ بالمدرسة الصولتية بمكة المكرمة (من عام 1331 هـ إلى 1337هـ) رغبة منه في الاستزادة من علوم شتى خاصة علوم العربية وكان الشيخ أنعم زميلاً لحسن المشاط المالكي في الأخذ عن كثير من مشايخه القدامى

جوانب من شخصيته

كان منشغلا بالعلم، ويتجنب قبول أي وظيفة إدارية حتى لا ينصرف  عن العلم والتعليم، كما أنه كان لا يشارك في مناقشات تتعلق بالسياسة أو الأدب أو الشعر، لكنه حسن الإنصات لما يدور حوله بين المقربين منه الذين توطدت علاقته بهم فترة مزاملتهم له في التدريس أمثال: الشيخ علوي المالكي (1328-1391هـ) ، والشيخ حسن سناري والشيخ محمد نور سيف (ت 1403 هـ) ، والشيخ إسحاق عقيل المكي (ت 1415هـ) ، وقد سبق لبعضهم الأخذ عنه قبل أن يكونوا من الأساتذة المعروفين بمدارس الفلاح .

أعماله

كانت للشيخ حلقات خاصة في الحرم المكي يومياً، بين المغرب والعشاء، أيام ازدهار الحلقات العلمية فيه؛ إذ بلغت في بعض الأوقات مئة وعشرين حلقة.
كانت حلقته عند باب زيادة ثم تحولت إلى ناحية باب جياد في الحصوة أمام الكعبة. وكان أكثر ما يُدَرِّسُ الفقهَ الشافعيَّ مبتدئاً مع الطلبة بالمختصرات فالمطولات. ومن الكتب التي كان يحب تدريسها خارج المدرسة : منهاج النووي بشرح الرملي ، وشرح الشرقاوي على نظم متن التحرير.
برز الشيخ في علم الفرائض وتميز به بين أقرانه فكان يلجأ إليه لتقسيم المواريث بين ورثة الميت المسماة بالمناسخات خاصة الطويلة والمعقدة.
بعد تخرجه من المدرسة الصولتية عام 1337هـ ، بدأ الشيخ أنعم حياته بالتدريس في المدرسة الصولتية، والتي تعد أقدم مدرسة نظامية عرفت في بلد الله الحرام بل في الجزيرة العربية.
انضم عام 1345هـ إلى أسرة مدارس الفلاح والتي تعد ذات مكانة بارزة في المنطقة آنذاك.
أنيط بالشيخ أنعم  تدريس المواد الدينية والعربية في مدارس الفلاح بمكة المكرمة من المحرم عام 1345 هـ وحتى نهاية ذي الحجة عام 1347 هـ . وقد أوكل إليه تدريس مواد اللغة العربية والعلوم الدينية وخاصة الفقه الشافعي والحنبلي والتفسير والحديث.
عام 1348 هـ قرر مؤسس مدارس الفلاح محمد علي رضا زينل انتقاء نخبة مختارة من متخرجي مدارس الفلاح ليؤلف منهم بعثة تدرس تحت نظره في بمباي بالهند حيث مركز تجارته ومقامه ليشرف على توجيهها. وانتدب لذلك مجموعة من المشايخ كان من بينهم الشيخ أنعم الذي عرفه في مدارس الفلاح بمكة. ومن بين تلاميذ الشيخ أنعم في الهند إسحاق عقيل المكي الذي تخرج عام 1347 هـ وكان من أوائل الذين ابتعثوا إلى الهند لإتمام الدراسة العالية ليعود عام 1352 هـ للفلاح مدرسا فمشرفا فمديرا
حين عاد من الهند طُلب منه التدريس في مدارس الفلاح بجدة، فعين مدرسا بها في المحرم من سنة 1359هـ أيام إدارة الأستاذ عبد الوهاب نشار وبقي مدرسا بها سبعة سنوات؛ يدرس فيها صباحا ، وفي مسجد الإمام الشافعي مساء ، حتى شهر ذي الحجة سنة 1366 هـ.
في مكة المكرمة عام 1364 هـ أحيل الشيخ سالم شفي عبد الحميد على المعاش إثر مرض ألم به، فعرض على الشيخ أنعم أن يحل مكانه في نيابة القضاء وعضوية المحكمة الشرعية الكبرى بمكة فلم يقبل بذلك وفسّر البعض رفضه ذاك بأنه كان تورعًا. فعرض ذلك المنصب على صديق عمره الشيخ يحيى أمان السندي المكي (المتوفى سنة 1387 هـ) فقبل وترقى حتى صار عضوا في رئاسة القضاء عام 1367هـ ثم قاضيا للطائف عام 1370 هـ وعاد عام 1372 هـ لمكة عضوا ومساعدا لرئيس المحكمة الكبرى بمكة المكرمة.
عاد سنة 1367هـ لمكة المكرمة مدرساً في مدارس الفلاح بمكة المكرمة بطلب من تلميذه الشيخ إسحاق عقيل المكي الذي كان مديرا عليها، فبقي بها قرابة عشرين عاماً مدرساً للعلوم الدينية والعربية حتى سنة 1386 هـ  وفيها أحيل للتقاعد، وقامت المدرسة تقديرا لما بذله الشيخ من خدمة للمدارس بتعويض الشيخ وصرف راتبه كاملا مدى حياته، لكن توفي بعد أقل من سنة من ذلك التاريخ المذكور.

وسئل الشيخ أنعم عن سبب عدم تأليفه للكتب مع توفر الإمكانات والمراجع، فقال: لو أن طلبة العلم اليوم قرؤوا ما بين أيديهم وقاموا بتطبيق ما تعلموه لكفاهم. وهذا كان اتجاها لمجموعة من العلماء كالشيخ البابلي المتوفى سنة 1077 هـ إذ يقول:«التأليف في هذه الأزمان من ضياعة الوقت، فإن الإنسان إذا فهم كلام المتقدمين الآن واشتغل بتفهيمه فذاك من أجل النعم، وأبقى لذكر العلم ونشره».

هذا وقد كان للشيخ شروحات مهمة على المتون التي يدرسها مما يمليه على طلبته في المدرسة وحلقات العلم. كما شارك في اختيار ووضع المناهج التي كانت تدرس لطلبة مدارس الفلاح.

تلاميذه

بدأ الشيخ أنعم حياته بالتدريس في المدرسة الصولتيه ثم استمر في التدرس قرابة الأربعين عاما في مدارس الفلاح بمكة وجدة تخللتها عشر سنوات للتدريس في بعثة الفلاح بالهند. تخرج على يديه من مدارس الفلاح من المرحلة الثانوية وحدها مئة وخمسة وخمسون طالباً، تبوأ بعضهم مناصب مرموقة لاحقًا.

أما عن أعداد بقية المتخرجين من المرحلة المتوسطة فقد كانوا ستمئة واثنين وتسعين طالباً، ومن الابتدائية كانوا ألفاً وخمسمئة وستة عشر طالباً.

إضافة لتلاميذه العشرين الذين انتدب لتدريسهم في بعثة الهند، وكذلك من تتلمذ على يديه في حلقات المساجد والحرم المكي.

وأفاد الشيخ حسن مشاط بمعرفة الطبقة الأولى من تلامذة الشيخ أنعم إذ قال ما نصه: (أما الشيخ أنعم فكان مجتهدا متنسكا فلذا صار من الأعلام ومن المدرسين قديما في هذه المدرسة (أي الصولتيه) ثم مدارس الفلاح، حتى كان من تلامذته الشيخ علوي المالكي.

بعض من ذكروا في إثباتهم تلقيهم عنه

 الشيخ عبد الفتاح بن حسين راوه المكي الفرضي (ت 1426هـ) المدرس في المسجد الحرام صاحب المؤلفات والأثبات والأسانيد. ذكر الشيخ أنعم ضمن مشايخه في ثبته المطبوع المصاعد الراوية إلى الأسانيد والكتب والمتون المرضية.
 الشيخ عبدالله بن الطاهر الساسي مدير المدرسة الرحمانية (ت 1391هـ) ذكره ضمن شيوخه فيما كتبه لأحد تلامذته عام 1362 هـ ,
 الشيخ إبراهيم سليمان النوري (ت 1384) ودرس عليه في الحرم المنهاج وشرح نظم التحرير للشرقاوي،

أبناؤه

أعقب الشيخ أنعم ولداً واحداً هو: الأستاذ محمد أنعم ناصر الذي اكتسب الكثيرَ من والده؛ كالفقه الشافعي فقد تتلمذ على يدي والده في جدة، ثم في مكة المكرمة إلى أن تخرج من مدارس الفلاح عام 1372 هـ ثم ابتعث إلى القاهرة، وبعد عودته عمل مدة في وزارة المالية، ثم انتقل بعدها إلى العمل الحر.

وفاته
مع تقدم سنه أصابه ضعف شديد نقل على إثره إلى إحدى المستشفيات بجدة، ثم دخل في شبه غيبوبة عدة أيام، إلى أن توفي في الخامس من شهر جمادى الأولى سنة 1387 هـ، نقل الشيخ إلى الحرم المكي وصُلِّيَ عليه في المسجد الحرام ثم ووري جسمانه في المعلاة بأرض مكة المكرمة.

مراجع

الجواهر الحسان في تراجم الفضلاء والأعيان من أساتذة وخلان/ تأليف زكريا بن عبد الله بيلا / تحقيق الدكتور عبد الوهاب أبو سليمان /ط مؤسسة الفرقان للتراث الإسلامي .
رسالة تواريخ وفيات بعض علماء العصر / الشيخ حسن المشاط
رسالة مئوية المدرسة الصولتيه /مشاركة الشيخ حسن المشاط
سبائك الذهب في معرفة قبائل العرب تأليف أبي الفوز محمد أمين السويدي سنة 1229 هـ طبعة المكتبة التجارية الكبرى بمصر .
الشجرة السنية للنسبة الحميرية من بني الخالدي في شرعب. سنة 1420 هـ / الأستاذ النسابة حسان أحمد حميد نصر الحميري.
صحيفة عكاظ، الملحق الأسبوعي، مدرسة بدون غياب منذ 100 عام، بقلم  حسين الحجاجي، العدد 3036 ، تاريخ 09 أكتوبر 2009 م
مجلة اليمامة العدد 1438 ـ السبت 25 شعبان 1417هـ .
مدارس الفلاح، الحضارة والتراث. عدد وثائقي من 238 صفحة إصدار وطباعة مؤسسة عكاظ للصحافة والنشر.
معجم البلدان والقبائل اليمنية تأليف إبراهيم أحمد المقحفي، طبعة سنة 1422 هـ نشر دار الكلمة للطباعة والنشر باليمن والمؤسسة الجامعية للدراسات والنشر والتوزيع بلبنان.
معجم المعاجم والمشيخات والفهارس والبرامج والأثبات/تأليف الدكتور يوسف المرعشلي /الطبعة الثانية سنة 1426 هـ نشر مكتبة الرشد بالرياض المملكة العربية السعودية.
نثر الجواهر والدررفي علماء القرن الرابع عشر تأليف الدكتور يوسف المرعشلي ط الأولي سنة 1327هـ بدار المعرفة للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع بلبنان.
نزهة النظر في رجال القرن الرابع عشر، تأليف محمد بن محمد زبارة. الطبعة الأولى عام 1979م، تحقيق ونشر مركز الدراسات والأبحاث اليمنية، بصنعاء، اليمن.

شافعية
مواليد 1312 هـ
مواليد 1895
وفيات 1387 هـ
علماء دين سنة يمنيون

أنعم ناصر