Canvey Island is a town, civil parish and reclaimed island in the Thames estuary, near Southend-on-Sea, in the Castle Point district, in the county of Essex, England. It has an area of  and a population of 38,170. It is separated from the mainland of south Essex by a network of creeks. Lying only just above sea level, it is prone to flooding at exceptional tides and has been inhabited since the Roman conquest of Britain.

The island was mainly agricultural land until the 20th century, when it became the fastest-growing seaside resort in Britain between 1911 and 1951. The North Sea flood of 1953 devastated the island, killing 58 islanders and leading to the temporary evacuation of the 13,000 residents. Canvey is consequently protected by modern sea defences comprising  of concrete sea walls.

Canvey Island is also notable for its relationship to the petrochemical industry. The island was the site of the first delivery in the world of liquefied natural gas by container ship and later became the subject of an influential assessment on the risks to a population living within the vicinity of petrochemical shipping and storage facilities.

History

Roman

Excavations on Canvey have unearthed a collection of early man-made objects comprising axes from the Neolithic era, a bracelet dating from the Bronze Age, and Iron Age pottery. However, the remains of Roman structures and objects suggests the first settlement of Canvey occurred between AD 50 and 250. The remains point to a community existing with a farmstead, a garrison, a burial ground, and the operation of a large salt-making industry (revealed by the existence of several red hills).

The discovery of a Roman road found to terminate  across the creek in neighbouring Benfleet suggests a means may have existed to facilitate the salt's distribution to Chelmsford and Colchester, and the recovery of rich items of pottery and glassware of a variety only matched elsewhere by excavations of port facilities suggests the Romans may also have exploited Canvey's location in the Thames for shipping.

Counus Island events
In 1607 the Elizabethan antiquarian William Camden noted in his work Britannia (a topographical and historical survey of all of Great Britain and Ireland) that Canvey Island (which he called Island Convennon) was documented in the 2nd century by the Alexandrian geographer Ptolemy. In his work Geographia, Ptolemy mentions a headland in the mouth of the Thames to the east of the Trinovantes region called Counus Island. However, the difficulties faced in determining the location of land areas in Ptolemy's ancient work have led modern researchers to question the correlation between Ptolemy's island and contemporary Canvey. MacBean and Johnson, 18th-century historians, contend that Counus Island would have existed much further out to sea (or may even have been the Isle of Sheppey), so any similarity between the names is mere coincidence. Without any suitable island matching Ptolemy's Counus Island, 20th-century historians White and Yearsley posit the documented island to have been lost or reduced to an insignificant sandbank by subsidence and the constant effects of the sea.

Saxon and medieval
The settlement and agricultural development of Essex by the Saxons from the 5th century saw the introduction of sheep farming, which would dominate the island's industry until the 20th century. After the Norman conquest the area of Canvey was recorded in the Domesday Book as a sheep-farming pasture under the control of nine parishes across south inland and coastal Essex; some of these parishes were on the adjacent mainland, but others were as far afield as Laindon and Prittlewell. Apart from the meat and wool produced from the sheep, the milk from the ewes was used for cheese-making. The abundance in later centuries would see the cheeses become a commodity taken for sale at the London markets, and at one stage exported via Calais to the continent.

The existence of several place names on modern Canvey using the wick suffix (denoting the sheds in which the cheese was made) shows the influence of the early Saxon culture. Yearsley states that the name of the island is derived from the Anglo-Saxon Caningaege, meaning "the Island of Cana's People". Developments in the English language yielded the more familiar form Caneveye found in manorial records of 1254. The period of transition from Old to Early Middle English often give rise to confusions of orthography, leading, in this instance, to such variant spellings as Canefe, Kaneweye, Kaneveye and Koneveye. By the 12th century, Essex and subsequently Canvey were in the possession of Henry de Essex who inherited the land from his grandfather, Swein, son of Robert fitz Wymarch. During the reign of Henry II (1154–1189) the land was confiscated from de Essex and redistributed among the King's favoured nobles.

Tudor divisions

Shown on John Norden's 1594 map with the second word "insula" with the traditional middle "s", facing the 'Isle' of Grain rather than a Latinised "Sheppey insula" to the southeast, is a close eastern division which is perhaps the part which later almost wholly merged into the present island, with a ditch being the current boundary, having the same far eastern points as the Canvey Point and Leighbeck Point marshes.  Two Tree Island to the north is also recognisable, if halved in length.

The third eastern island or mudflat could well be the Counus (i.e. "council") Island, where the Trinovantes, Cantiaci and the Catuvellauni counselled with the Iceni, shortly before staging Boudicca's rebellion against the Romans.

If so, Counus occupies an area from the Canvey Point Sand Bank until just before Shoeburyness, the eastern point of the relatively straight estuary so stretched the whole length of Southend on Sea, giving a reason for the tidal flats along this shore being so shallow (see for instance the world's longest pier which is in the town).

Cana's People were descendants of both Cantiaci and the Catuvellauni.  If a boundary point, Counus would then be in tribal terms placed at the southern border of the Trinovantes on the eastern extent of the loose tribes also seen as the Tames (Thames).

14th century – 17th century

During Edward II's reign (1307–1327) the land was under the possession of John de Apeton and the first attempts were made at managing the effects of the sea with rudimentary defences, but periodical flooding continued to blight the small population of mostly shepherds and their fat-tailed variety of sheep for a further 300 years. William Camden wrote of the island in 1607 that it was so low that it was often quite flooded, except the hills, upon which the sheep had a place of safe refuge. The uniform flatness of Canvey suggests that these hills are likely to be the red hills of the Roman saltmaking industry, or the early makeshift sea defences constructed by some of the landowners around their farms.

In 1622, Sir Henry Appleton (a descendant of John de Apeton) and Canvey's other landowners instigated a project to reclaim the land and wall the island from the Thames. The scheme was managed by an acquaintance of Appleton's – Joas Croppenburg, a Dutch Haberdasher of Cheapside in London. An agreement reached in 1623 stipulated that in return for inning and recovering the island, the landowners would grant a third of the land as payment for the work.

The presence of the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden, a relation of Croppenburg's, in England at the time of the project on a commission to drain the Fens and involved in repairing the seawall at Dagenham, has led to speculation that Vermuyden oversaw the project, but proof appears to be vague; nevertheless, the work was completed by around 300 Dutch workers skilled in the construction of dykes and other sea defences. The engineers successfully reclaimed  by walling the island with local chalk, limestone and the heavy clay of the marshes, with the main length along the Thames faced with Kentish ragstone.

A broad drainage ditch was dug inland off the area facing the river while smaller inlets were filled in. Excess water would have collected in the broad ditch and then been discharged into the river by the means of seven sluices (later known as Commissioners Dykes). The completion of the work saw a considerable number of the Dutch engineers take land as payment for their work, and consequently settle on the island. Approximately one-third of Canvey's streets have names of Dutch origin.

Modern era

Chapman Lighthouse

The Chapman Lighthouse, briefly described in Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness, was on the coast of Canvey Island. It is believed that the peril of the mudflats below such shallow waters off the Canvey Island coast prompted the Romans to devise some form of beacon as a warning in the area. In 1851 a hexagonal lighthouse was constructed by the engineer James Walker, a consultant lighthouse engineer at Trinity House at the time. This all-iron lighthouse replaced a lightship which had been moored in the area for the preceding four years. The lighthouse was demolished in 1957–1958 because of its poor condition.

Bare-knuckle boxing

The Lobster Smack Inn saw many bare-knuckle fights in the 1850s, but few as dramatic as that between Tom 'the Brighton Boy' Sayers (1826–65) and Aaron Jones on 6 January 1857. The fight lasted for three hours and 65 rounds, and was finally declared a draw when it became too dark to see. Sayers won at the rematch a month later in London.

Sometimes the bouts were between local families, the best known being that between champion Ben Caunt and Nat Langham. The fight arose from a family feud and Caunt took Langham to 60 rounds in September 1853. Langham was knocked down 59 times during the bout and because, it is said, of his sportsmanship Caunt agreed to settle their differences with a handshake.

Preventive service

Philip Benton reported about Canvey Chapel in 1867: "The seats are open and unappropriated, except one, which is set apart for the officer and the men under him of the Preventive Service; there being a station on the island for nine men, an officer and a chief boatman." The Preventive Men had their own special row of cottages close to the seafront near the old Lobster Smack Inn. That ancient pub was itself described by Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. So out of the way (and therefore the haunt of smugglers) was the inn behind the sea wall, in the 18th century it was known as 'The World's End'. In the 19th century, the isolation made it an ideal point for the meetings of pugilists. The row of Preventive Men's Cottages has survived against the odds. Today they are surrounded by a small housing estate.

Canvey-on-sea

During the Victorian era Canvey became a very fashionable place to visit, and its air was promoted as having healing properties. This started in 1899, after the Black Monday floods, when an entrepreneur called Frederick Hester bought Leigh Beck Farm, and started what was to be called Southview Park estate. The properties sold very quickly so Frederick bought more plots of land, selling them as dream homes for London's Eastenders. Hester wanted to create Canvey as a great seaside resort for Londoners, and so built the first promenade, a pier and a magnificent winter garden and palace, which he planned to cover six miles (but only covered a mile), as well as a monorail system (initially horse-drawn then later electric). Hester marketed Canvey as "Ye Old Dutch Island", giving many of the new roads Dutch-sounding names and enticing potential buyers with free rail tickets. The project started well with thousands of plots sold, but by 1905 had fallen apart due to materials not being delivered and issues with land ownership with the laying of the monorail. Hester was declared bankrupt and everything was sold off at an auction held at Chimney's Farm.

A new seafront was developed in the 1930s, with Canvey Casino – an amusement arcade and park – opening as the first building on what would become Eastern Esplanade.
Since then further amusements, a cinema, the pioneering Labworth Cafe, the Monico pub and nightclubs such as the Goldmine were built. Canvey Island remained a popular holiday and weekend destination until the cheap foreign package holiday became popular in the 1970s.

Second World War

During the Second World War the island was a part of the GHQ Line, a line of concrete pillboxes constructed as a part of the defence against the expected German invasion. Some of the old pillboxes are still in place. Also, concrete barges were used extensively just off the south coast of the island, partly as a sea-barrier and also as a mounting point for anti-aircraft guns; one of which was beached on the east end of the island and remained for many years as a point of interest for visitors and a play area for many generations of the island's children. It has since been demolished by the Island Yacht Club as it was considered dangerous.

Along with the Coalhouse Fort at nearby East Tilbury, Thorney Bay on the southern coast of the island was the site of a degaussing station built to monitor the effectiveness of the equipment on board the allied ships passing along the Thames. The structure is the last intact degaussing station on the north side of the river, and was still operating in 1974. Known as the Canvey loop, the building was occupied by the Women's Royal Naval Service and used for monitoring merchant ships. The building has since been re-opened as a museum dubbed the "Bay Museum" and has First World War exhibits on the ground floor and Second World War exhibits on the first floor.

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission records four civilian residents of Canvey Island Urban District died as a result of enemy action during the war.

Floods of 1953

On 1 February 1953, the infamous North Sea Flood hit the island during the night and caused the deaths of 58 people. Many of the victims were in the holiday bungalows of the eastern Newlands estate and perished as the water reached ceiling level.

The small village area of the island is approximately two feet (60 cm) above sea level and consequently escaped the effects of the flood. This included the Red Cow pub, which was later renamed the King Canute in reference to the legend of the 11th-century Danish king of England commanding the tide to halt with the sea lapping at his feet. The King Canute pub was closed in May 2014. In 2016 a scheme to convert the building into retail space and apartments was proposed.

After the flooding of 1953, a new seawall was built, which was then replaced with a significantly larger construction in the 1980s.

Petrochemical industry

The southern area of the Canvey Island West ward at Hole Haven has predominantly existed as petrochemical site since the first construction of an oil terminal there in 1936. In 1959, as part of a pioneering Anglo-American project designed to assess the viability of transporting liquefied natural gas overseas, a gas terminal with two 1000-tonne storage tanks was constructed at the site alongside the oil terminal. The gas terminal built by the British Gas Council was designed to store and distribute imported gas to the whole of Britain via the facilities at Thames Haven and the local refinery at Shellhaven in Coryton. The first delivery of 2,020 tonnes arrived on 20 February 1959 from Lake Charles, Louisiana, by a specially modified liberty ship Normarti renamed the Methane Pioneer. The success of seven further deliveries over the following 14 months established the international industry for transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) by sea, but the discovery of oil and gas in North Sea limited further British development. Canvey continued to receive 50 shipments of LNG per year from Arzew Algeria in the Methane Princess and the Methane Progress, until about 1982, British Gas closed the site in 1994.

In 1964 the Italian company Agip Ltd were given an industrial development certificate to build a £15 million oil refinery in the north west of the island. The refinery was never built.

In 1972 Occidental Petroleum began construction of an oil refinery. Access roads, about 20 oil-storage tanks, a river jetty and a concrete chimney were constructed, but work was halted in 1975 pending a major design study review following the oil crisis of 1973–4 and OPEC's increase of oil prices.

On 28 March 1973 planning permission was granted to United Refineries Ltd to develop a site to the north of the Occidental refinery site for the construction of another oil refinery. An exploratory public inquiry was held in February/March 1975 into the possible revocation of the planning permission for the United Refineries development. The report of 30 April 1975 recommended revocation and further expert evaluation of the totality of risks facing people who lived in and around Canvey. In March 1976 the Secretaries of State for the Environment and Employment asked the Health and Safety Commission to investigate the risks to health and safety of various installations on Canvey and the  neighbouring part of Thurrock. The Commission invited the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to carry out an investigation.

From the Canvey Report (1978) the following hazardous installations were identified:

In 1978 the HSE concluded that the residents of the island faced a risk more than five times higher than those in neighbouring South Benfleet.

On 27 July 1978 Castle Point District Council asked the Secretary of State "to revoke the planning permission granted to United Refineries Ltd in accordance with his Inspector's recommendation at the exploratory inquiry in 1975".

The issue of risk was again highlighted in an attack by the IRA in January 1979 on a storage tank at the island's Texaco oil terminal. A bomb was detonated at a tank containing aviation fuel, but failed to ignite with the fuel escaping into a safety moat. The Occidental site was abandoned in 1975 leaving a half-built oil refinery, storage tanks, and an unused mile-long jetty that cost around £10 million of the approximate total of £60 million spent on the project. However, in the following years the disused and undisturbed site flourished as a haven for wildlife, and in 2003, the final storage tanks were removed in a clean-up operation, and the site was renamed as Canvey Wick and opened as a nature reserve.

In September 1997, the celebrity steeplejack Fred Dibnah was hired by Safeway supermarkets to demolish the unused  concrete chimney that was part of the abandoned oil refinery. Safeway had planned for the 2,500-ton chimney to be demolished on 18 September in front of a large crowd of invited guests. This would have been the first time Dibnah's demolition technique of pit props and fire (without explosives) had been attempted on a concrete chimney and it was also the tallest chimney he had ever attempted to fell. However the chimney unexpectedly collapsed the previous day whilst Dibnah and his team were making the final preparations for the controlled demolition, fortunately without injury. The incident is described in detail in various biographies and by Dibnah himself in his public speaking events afterwards. Dibnah later presented Safeway head office staff with brass paperweights (made from material salvaged from the chimney) stamped "The Great Canvey Island Chimney Disaster 1997".

The sites today
Calor Gas Ltd now operate the former British Gas site. The site imports, stores, bottles and exports liquified petroleum gases (LPG), propane and butane. There were plans in 2005–7 to convert the plant back to the import of liquified natural gas (LNG) but the planning application was rejected.

Oikos Storage Limited now operate the former London & Coastal Wharves Ltd. The site offers a bulk liquid storage facility for refined petroleum products.

Neither of the refineries proposed in the 1970s were completed or commissioned. The Occadential site was demolished and the tanks removed, though the former river jetty is still extant.

Geography

Canvey Island lies off the south coast of Essex  east of London, and  west of Southend-on-Sea. The island is separated from the mainland to the north and west by Benfleet, East Haven and Vange creeks, and faces the Thames Estuary to the east and south. Along with neighbouring Two Tree Island, Lower Horse and Upper Horse, Canvey is an alluvial island formed in the Holocene period from silt in the River Thames and material entering the estuary on the tides of the North Sea from the coast of Norfolk. An unsuccessful search for coal beneath the island in 1953 revealed that the alluvium rests upon layers of London Clay, Lower London Tertiaries, Chalk, Lower Greensand and Gault Clay, with the basement rocks at a depth of  consisting of hard Old Red Sandstone of Devonian age.

The island is extremely flat, lying  below mean high water level and consequently is at risk of flooding. Before reclamation, the surrounding area contained a number of islands separated by tidal creeks. Flood defences have been constructed since the Middle Ages, and the first sea wall to completely surround the island was built as part of the island's reclamation in 1622. The island suffered extensive flooding in 1731, 1736, 1791, 1881 and 1897, and substantial loss of life in the North Sea Flood of 1953. , the flood defences consist of a concrete seawall, flood sirens and an internal surface storm water drainage system.

The extensive sea wall, completed in 1982, is  long and surrounds 75% of the island's perimeter terminating with flood barriers spanning Benfleet Creek to the north and East Haven Creek in the west. The drainage system consists of sewers, culverts, natural and artificial dykes and lakes which feed seven pumping stations and gravity sluices that discharge the water into the Thames and creeks. Four of the discharge sites are "high flow" stations capable of discharging 600 litres of water per second at any tide level. The levels within the system are managed by a further five "low flow" pumping stations. The Environment Agency's Thames Estuary 2100 flood defence plan includes Canvey Island as one site for alleviating the flood risks to London and the Thames estuary area. It is proposed that the western side of Canvey is developed as a site which is either temporarily flooded at times of risk, or transformed into a permanent wetland.

Developments in the 20th century have produced a marked contrast between the environments in the east and west of the island. The eastern half of the island is allocated to residential areas, the main public amenities and a small holiday camp and seafront, while the western half of the island is mainly farmland, marshes and industrial areas. The marshes in the west include the 30 hectares known as West Canvey marshes, acquired by the RSPB in 2007, and the Canvey Wick nature reserve. Canvey Wick is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) at the site of the abandoned and incomplete oil refinery. The foundations of the 100-hectare (0.4 sq mile) site were prepared in the 1970s by laying thousands of tonnes of silt dredged from the Thames; the abandoned and undisturbed area has flourished as a haven for around 1,300 species of wildlife, some of which are endangered or were thought to be extinct in the UK, including the shrill carder bee, the emerald damselfly and the weevil hunting wasp.

It has been said that the site may have one of the highest levels of biodiversity in Western Europe. Other areas of natural interest include the  of Canvey Lake Local Nature Reserve owned by Castle Point Borough Council. The lake was used for salt-making during the Roman settlement of the island, and is also thought to have functioned as an oyster bed. At the eastern point of the island is the  Canvey Heights Country Park which was reclaimed from the Newlands landfill site that operated there between 1954 and 1989. The park is the highest land on the island and thus has wide views across the creeks and marshes and along the Thames. The environment supports an array of birds including skylarks, dark-bellied brent geese and grey plover.

Governance
Canvey Island coalesced into a separate civil parish and ecclesiastical parish in 1881. These with separate remits replaced the 17 divisions of the land split largely into grazing meadowland since the Norman era by the neighbouring parishes of North Benfleet, South Benfleet, Bowers Gifford, Prittlewell, Southchurch, Hadleigh, Laindon, Pitsea and Vange. In 1926, the parish was converted to the Canvey Island Urban District, then dissolved along with the Benfleet Urban District in the Local Government Act 1972 to form the  local government district and borough of Castle Point.

Since the 2010 General Election, the Member of Parliament representing the parliamentary constituency of Castle Point has been Rebecca Harris of the Conservative Party.

Canvey holds two seats on Essex County Council.

Canvey Island is home to all
four of the UKs emergency services. Essex Police has a small police station located near to an On Call fire station crewed by Essex County Fire and Rescue Service. His Majesty's Coastguard also have a station located on Charfleets Industrial Estate close to Holehaven Creek. There is also a small localised ambulance station run by East of England Ambulance Service Trust.

Canvey is represented on Castle Point Borough Council by 17 councillors elected from six wards: Canvey Island Central, East, North, South, West and Winter Gardens. 16 of the 17 councillors belong to the Canvey Island Independent Party (CIIP) formed in 2003 by ex-Labour deputy Council leader and local resident Dave Blackwell. The remaining councillor is Conservative.

Town Council

The Canvey Island town council was formed in 2007 after a petition spearheaded by islander Albert Payne, with the signatures of 3,000 islanders, was accepted by the government. , the council has 11 councillors, all of whom are Canvey Island Independent members, and functions with Councillor surgeries and through four committees – Community Relations, Environment and Open Spaces, Planning and Policy and Finance. The surgeries are held at the town council offices, while the committees meet at various venues every fortnight.

Some Canvey Islanders want independence from Castle Point Borough Council.

Demography

Cockney diaspora
Like much of Essex, the population of Canvey has increased significantly in the last 100 years, with  migration from London, especially East London, driving the growth. Government policy and the island's former popularity as a holiday resort were important factors. An example of the policy of moving East Londoners to Canvey and elsewhere, was the introduction of council estates for 100 families from the Dagenham and Walthamstow boroughs in 1959. Since the 2011 census, this trend has been renewed with a number of orthodox Jewish families moving to the island from the Stamford Hill neighbourhood of Hackney.

Characteristics

At the 2001 UK census, the population of Canvey was 37,479 of which 87.9% of people were living within the five wards of the eastern area of the island at a population density of 38 persons per hectare, while the population density within the west ward – covering a larger area of the island – was 4.6 persons per hectare.

There were 15,312 dwellings on Canvey of which 98.7% were households. 42.4% were occupied by married couples, 13.9% of households contained three or more adults and no children, 26% were one person households and 8.1% were occupied by co-habiting couples. Canvey had a higher proportion at 35.2% of households owning their properties outright compared with the average of 29.2% for England, but had a lower proportion when compared to the average for Castle Point at 39.9%.

There was a higher proportion of female residents than male by 0.03%. The median age of the population was 40 years, and 23% were under 18, while 15% of residents were over 65.

The island has a high proportion of white people compared to national figures; the ethnicity recorded was 98.2% white compared with 91% for England. 0.6% of the population of Canvey were of a mixed ethnic group, while 0.6% were Asian, 0.2% Black and 0.2% Chinese.

4.2% of the population were foreign born, with 1.7% of residents born in another constituent country of the UK. 2.5% of the population were born outside the UK; and 1.2% of residents born outside Europe.

Religion was recorded as 74% Christian, 0.2% Muslim, 0.1% Jewish, 0.1% Hindu, while 16% of islanders had no religion.

The proportion of unemployed persons on Canvey was lower at 2.2% than for Castle Point at 2.4%, and England at 3.3%.

Retail, leisure and industry
Canvey Island has several shopping areas. The main town centre known by older locals as the Haystack (after the pub in the town centre) is based around Furtherwick Road and the High Street. Most shops are located either in the Knightswick Centre (opened 1978) and Furtherwick Road with the lead store being Sainsbury's (formerly Key Markets). The other main store on Canvey is Morrisons which is located on Northwick Road, some way from the town centre. There are small shopping parades in St Michael's Road, The village on Long Road, Jones Corner on Long Road, Third Avenue, Point Road and dotted along the High Street. Castle Point Council are currently planning a £50m regeneration scheme for the town centre including building a larger Sainsbury's on the current Knightswick Car Park (with parking on the roof) and better connection to the town centre and the lake.

Canvey currently has a small multi screen cinema located on the seafront called Movi-Starr (opened late 1990s) which replaced the former Rio Cinema which closed in the 1970s and was replaced by Rio Bingo Hall (Furtherwick Road). There are several arcades along this stretch of the seafront, along with a small amusement park and the Monico public house. The island had previously been known for its nightlife with both the Goldmine (hosted big name DJs including Emperor Rosko and Chris Hill) and King's Nightclubs (acts included comedian Mike Read) being well known hot spots but these closed in the 1980s and 1990s respectively.

Canvey's industry is primarily based in two locations. The main location is Charfleet Industrial Estate, while there is further industrial buildings in Point Road. Canvey Island was home to Prout's Catamarans from 1949 to 2002. Canvey is also home to a Calor Gas Storage Terminal, and an Oikos Oil depot located off Thames Road and Holehaven Road.

Additionally private developers have announced a new retail park to be built next to the Morrisons supermarket at Roscommon Way on Canvey Island which was due to open in 2018. A Marks & Spencer's opened next to Morrisons in 2019 and was later accompanied by a Costa Coffee, Sports Direct, and B&M Bargains Store.

Landmarks

The Lobster Smack public house at the southwest corner of the island is a grade II listed building dated to the 17th century. The pub was known to Charles Dickens who mentioned it in Great Expectations. Alongside the pub is a row of wooden Coastguard cottages that date from the late 19th century which are also of grade II listed status.

Landmarks from the era of Canvey's development as a seaside resort in the 20th century include the International style Labworth Café built 1932–33 and designed by Ove Arup. The building fell into a state of disrepair in the 1970s and 1980s but was renovated in 1996 and now functions as both a beach bistro and restaurant.

Opened in 1979, the Heritage Centre along Canvey Road is housed in the former St. Katherine's Church, which was built in 1874. Originally timber-framed, the church was rendered over in the 1930s to give it its present appearance; it closed as a place of worship in 1962. It now contains an art and craft centre with a small folk museum.

The island is also home to two Dutch Cottages, one in Haven Road and the other on Canvey Road, which were built during the 17th century by Dutch immigrants working on the sea walls. The cottage at Canvey Road is home to the Dutch Cottage museum.

Some of Canvey's lost landmarks include the Goldmine club on Western Esplanade, the original Oysterfleet public house and lighthouse and Cherry Stores.

Transport

Road
Canvey Island is connected to the mainland in the northwest by two roads with bridges: the A130 (Canvey Way) and the B1014 (Canvey Road). Built in 1972, the A130 crosses East Haven Creek to Bowers Gifford and joins the London-Southend A13 at Sadler's Farm Roundabout. The two lanes of the A130 are currently the island's primary access route with 25,000 vehicles using the road and bridge per day. The B1014 and Canvey Road Bridge (or Canvey Bridge) crosses Benfleet Creek to South Benfleet, and provides access to the c2c London (Fenchurch Street) to Shoeburyness line via Benfleet railway station.

Canvey Road Bridge was built in 1973, and replaced the island's first bridge to the mainland, which dated from 1931. The  Colvin Bridge – named after the Lord Lieutenant of Essex, Brigadier-General R.B. Colvin – operated with a sliding  central section that retracted for boats passing along Benfleet Creek. Prior to the Colvin Bridge's construction, crossing the creek was achieved by either rowing-boat ferry or by a gravel causeway or stepping-stones at low tides.

Congestion and the third road
Since the late 1970s, residents and local politicians have campaigned for the construction of a third access route (or "third road") to ease the island's congestion at rush hour and as a viable means of evacuation from flooding or industrial accidents at the petrochemical facilities. In 2008, the congestion and failure to secure the construction of such a route or significant improvements has had the island at "breaking point" and on the verge of "civil unrest". Plans for the third access route have included a tunnel to Kent, and road bridges to places such as Leigh-on-Sea and Coryton. Opposition to the route cite the enormous cost, the environmental damage, and the increase of vehicles to districts with already overburdened traffic systems.

The island's access congestion was partially addressed by Essex Council in December 2011 with its completion of the £12.1 million Roscommon Way Extension. The road runs from Northwick Road to Haven Road, providing a bypass for small numbers of traffic and adding a new entrance to Charfleet Industrial Estate while also remaining navigable in the case of flooding.
However, the road did not gain public support, and the extension has become known as 'The Road to Nowhere'. This road is used by boy racers to do drifting in cars. As such, there are talks about putting speed restrictions in place such as road humps.

Bus and rail

Bus services have been running on Canvey since 1906. From 1934, the services ran from the island's local bus depot at Leigh Beck by the Canvey & District Bus Co, later to be incorporated into the Eastern National Omnibus Company. The depot closed in 1978, but the building re-opened a year later as the Castle Point Transport Museum. The museum currently houses a collection of buses, commercial, military and emergency vehicles, and general items related to public road transport. Organised by volunteers, the museum's annual show and open days coincide with a classic vehicle cruise that convenes at the car parks of the seafront.

The current bus services on the island are operated by First Essex from the Hadleigh bus depot, and NIBS Buses based in Wickford. First Essex is the main operator providing the island's internal services via the town centre, and provides services to places such as Southend, Basildon and Bournes Green. NIBS Buses run the 21C bus from Canvey to Hadleigh via Essex Way.

Both bus companies provide services to Benfleet railway station, which is located close to Canvey Bridge, just north of the island. The railway station has a taxi rank. Train services are provided by c2c between London Fenchurch Street and Southend Central/Shoeburyness.

Education
Canvey Island has two comprehensive schools: the Cornelius Vermuyden School and Castle View School. Both were rebuilt in 2012 as replacements for the island's three ageing comprehensives, and as a response to the island's decreasing numbers of 11- to 16-year-olds.

Cornelius Vermuyden occupies the same site as its predecessor near Waterside Farm, while Castle View School – within the town centre and centre of the island – has replaced Furtherwick Park School, having previously existed within the island's north/central Winter Gardens Ward, overlooked by Hadleigh Castle. Furtherwick Park School shut in 2010, remaining pupils were then moved to Castle View School to finish their education. This site is now the location of Canvey Skills Campus which was built in 2013 and provides vocational education for 14- to 19-year-olds, and adult learning and is run by PROCAT.

Culture

Folklore

The island has only been populated since the 17th century when the Dutch including reputedly Cornelius Vermuyden made the marshlands habitable. There are local legends of a Dutchman carrying a sack wandering the northern parts of the island.

Canvey has its own 'lady of the lake' in the form of a woman who was drowned there many years ago. Though the stories about her are inconsistent, some even saying that it was a man who drowned, the majority speak of a female ghost who has wandered the area since her horse-drawn carriage plummeted into the lake. A recent clean-up of the lake found remains of two horses and fragments of a wooden carriage.

The story of 'The Black Man' and 'The White Lady' is believed to be a mythical tale conjured up by smugglers to stop people wandering onto the 'saltings' and finding their smuggled goods. It was said that 'The Black Man' offered a price for your soul, while the 'White Woman' would tempt you to dance with her. Men often spoke of trying to chase away the figures, only to watch them vanish before their eyes.

Many night fishermen have reported seeing a tall, burly Viking standing on the mudflats at The Point, on the far eastern side of the island. It is believed that he was left behind by his fleet and waited for his ship to return; only to drown in the rising tide.

According to an urban legend, a female farmhand at the now demolished Knightswick Farm watched a nun approach the farm from the fields one afternoon from the porch of the farmhouse. Puzzled as to why the nun had walked across the muddy fields, the girl left the porch and walked towards the nun intending to greet her. Allegedly the nun began to vanish into the ground as she walked.

According to local legend a tunnel used to run from the Lobster Smack to Hadleigh Castle, and was said to be used by smugglers bringing in French wines.

Music
Canvey Island was an influential destination in the 1970s for artists of the pub rock genre of music such as Graham Parker, Elvis Costello, Eddie and the Hot Rods, Nick Lowe, and The Kursaal Flyers, while also being home to "Canvey Island's finest" band Dr. Feelgood. During the 1970s The Goldmine opened in the former Bay Country Club and the name became synonymous with the Brit funk movement with regular DJ Chris Hill.

The island continues to be a source of inspiration for artists such as British Sea Power who included a song entitled "Canvey Island" on their 2008 album Do You Like Rock Music?

Peter Green, founding member of Fleetwood Mac, lived on Canvey after leaving the band.

Cultural references
Canvey Island is the setting for the British author Nicola Barker's 2002 novel Behindlings. The island was also the subject of 2006 Turner Prize nominee Rebecca Warren's 2003 painted clay sculpture titled Canvey Island. Canvey was also home to a Prada fashion shoot in 2014 starring James McAvoy, and featured in BBC's Silent Witness shown on 2 and 3 February 2015.

Media
The area is served by BBC London and ITV London with television signals received from Crystal Palace TV transmitter, BBC South East and ITV Meridian can also be received from Bluebell Hill TV transmitter.

Local radio stations are BBC Essex on 95.3 FM, Heart Essex on 96.3 FM and Radio Essex on 105.1 FM.

The local newspapers are The Evening Echo and The Canvey and Benfleet Times.

Sport
Canvey Island has two senior semi-professional football teams in Canvey Island F.C. ('The Gulls') and Concord Rangers F.C. ('The Beachboys'). The older of the two clubs, Canvey Island F.C. (founded in 1926) currently play one step lower than their newer rivals Concord Rangers F.C. (founded in 1967) in the Isthmian League, whilst 'The Beachboys' compete in National League South. Despite Canvey Island F.C. having historical successes reaching the National League in 2004 and winning the FA Trophy in 2001, it is Concord Rangers F.C. who are currently more successful, being crowned Essex Senior Cup champions consecutively between 2013 and 2016.

Amateur participation in sport is popular on the island, with sports such as rugby union, cricket, and martial arts represented by clubs and corresponding facilities. The Castle Point Golf Course is situated on Canvey, and the Waterside Farm Sports Centre (recently refurbished 2013) provides members of Castle Point district with access to a swimming pool, an athletics track, general purpose sports halls, and a full size artificial surface football pitch. It is also the headquarters of Canvey Island Swimming Club, which provides coaching for children ages 4 and upwards from beginners to competitive swimming through to national standard.

Water sports are also popular recreational pursuits. Canvey has two sailing clubs, the Island Yacht Club and the Chapman Sands Sailing Club, with Benfleet Yacht Club and slipway also situated on the island at Benfleet Creek in the north. A region between Thorney bay and Labworth beach is designated by the Port of London Authority as an approved windsurfing area. The Canvey Island Swimming Club provides lessons and training and is based at Waterside Farm Leisure Centre.

The British record for the largest shore-caught angler fish (Lophius piscatorius) is from Canvey Island, caught by H. Legerton in 1967. During 1953 and 1954 two unusual fish were washed up the shoreline and are known as Canvey Island Monster.

Notable people

 Lee Brilleaux, vocalist and founder of influential 1970s rhythm and blues group Dr. Feelgood, moved to Canvey Island with his family when he was 13.
 Robert Denmark, Olympic and Commonwealth (gold) 5,000 metres athlete, attended Furtherwick Park School
 Ty Gooden, who played between 1992 and 2005 for teams including Arsenal and Swindon Town F.C., was sold in 2003 to non-league Canvey Island.
Peter Green, founding member of Fleetwood Mac, lived on Canvey after leaving the band.
Clara James, one of the founding members in 1889 of The Women's Trade Union Association (WTUA), established a holiday home on the island and served from 1925 as a parish councillor. She died on Canvey in 1956.
 Wilko Johnson, guitarist and composer best known for his work with Dr. Feelgood, who also played with The Blockheads, The Wilko Johnson Band and Roger Daltrey, was born on Canvey.
 Jessica Judd, middle-distance runner for UK Athletics, grew up on the island and was educated at Castle View.
 Lew Lewis, harmonica player with Eddie and the Hot Rods who later had his own group, and guested with The Stranglers and The Clash. was brought up in the same street as Lee Brilleaux.
 Dominic Lyne, author, was born and lived on Canvey until the age of 4.
 Dean Marney, currently playing for Fleetwood Town F.C., is a former St Katherine's Primary School pupil.
 Dean Macey, Olympic decathlete, was born and raised on the island.
Ebenezer Joseph Mather, the founder of Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, spent his retirement on the island. He died on 23 December 1927 and was buried in the grounds of St Nicholas church.
 Ashley George Old, war artist, lived on Canvey from the mid-1960s until his death in 2001.
Geoffrey Prout, boat builder and author
 Frank Saul, FA Cup winner in 1967 with Tottenham Hotspur F.C., was born on Canvey.
 Bill Sparks, DCM survivor of Operation Franckton aka "The Cockleshell Heroes", lived on Canvey Island before the war and was a pupil of William Read.
 Peter Taylor, temporary manager of the England football team in 2000, went to school at Furtherwick Park School and started his youth career at Canvey Island F.C.

Arms

See also
 Islands in the River Thames
 List of places on land with elevations below sea level

Notes

References

 Barsby, Geoff. (1992). Canvey Island. Phillimore & Co. LTD. .
 Bettley, James. (2007). Essex. (p. 192). Yale University Press. .
 Bills, Leslie Wm. (2004). Canvey Island – A Rising Tide. Cavenham Marine. .

 Castree, Noel. (2005). Nature. Strange Natures: Britain's rainforest. Routledge. .
 Cornish, C. J. (2004). The Naturalist on the Thames. Canvey Island. (p. 123). Kessinger Publishing. .

 Crowe, Ken. The Early Medieval Settlement of Canvey Island. (p. 12–17). Essex Jnl 31.1.
 Darby, H. C. (1986). Domesday England. Pasture for sheep in Essex. Cambridge University Press. .

 English Place-Name Society. (1926). Survey of English Place-names. Cambridge University press.
 Holland, Julian. (2007). Exploring the Islands of England and Wales. Canvey Island. (p. 88). Frances Lincoln ltd. .
 Kelly's Directory of Essex. (1933). Canvey Island. (londonpublichouse.com) Retrieved: 2008-03-27.
 Long, Bob and Gardner, Bob. (2004). Guide to Storage Tanks and Equipment. John Wiley and Sons. .
 MacBean, Alexander & Johnson, Samuel. (1773). A Dictionary of Ancient Geography. CR: Counos, Ptolemy. Pub. G. Robinson [etc.].
 Pigot's Essex 1832–3 Trade Directory. Canvey Island. (londonpublichouse.com) Retrieved: 2008-03-27.

 Post Office Directory of Essex. (1871). Canvey Island. (londonpublichouse.com) Retrieved: 2008-03-27.
 Rodwell, W. J. (1966). The excavation of a Red Hill on Canvey Island. Transactions of the Essex Archaeological Society.
 Stratton, Michael. (2000). Twentieth Century Industrial Archaeology. Taylor & Francis. .
 Thayer, Bill. (2003). Reproduction of a section of The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy published by Dover Publications, 1991.
 Walton, John K. (2000). The British Seaside: Holidays and Resorts in the Twentieth Century. Manchester University Press. .
 White, Susan. (1994). The History of Canvey Island: Five Generations. The Bookshop Canvey Island (pub). .
 Wilson, John Marius. (1866). The Imperial Gazetteer of England & Wales. Canvey Island. Pub. Edinburgh, A. Fullarton.

External links

 Canvey History – Photographic Archives, Memories and Stories about the history of Canvey Island
 The Canvey Community Archive website

Islands of Essex
Islands of the River Thames
Towns in Essex
Seaside resorts in England
Populated coastal places in Essex
Seaside resorts in Essex
Castle Point
Polders
Port of London
Populated places on the River Thames
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Civil parishes in Essex

Canvey Island


පින්නකන්ද නැණසල
මූලික අරමුණ - ග්‍රාමීය ජනතාවගේ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණ දැනුම පුලුල් කිරීම
 ආරම්භ

පින්නකන්ද නැණසල


Belenli, Antalya ilinin Kaş ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 184 km, Kaş ilçesine 14 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Kaş'ın mahalleleri

Belenli, Kaş


Crkva u nevolji (izvorno njemački: Kirche in Not; tal. Aiuto alla Chiesa che Soffre), međunarodna dobrotvorna crkvena organizacija papinskog prava. Prijašnje ime organizacije bilo je Kirche in Not/Ostpriesterhilfe, a međunarodno ime Aid to the Church in Need, ACN. Sjedište je u Njemačkoj, u Königsteinu u Taunusu, Hessen.

Međunarodnu podupirateljsku zakladu "Kirche in Not/Ostpriesterhilfe" (Crkva u nevolji/pomoć svećenicima s Istoka) osnovao je Nizozemac o. Werenfried van Straaten, redovnik premonstrat poznat kao "Špek-pater". Organizaciju za pomoć osnovao je 1947. u premonstratenškoj opatiji Tongerlou u Belgiji. U njemačkom poraću Drugoga svjetskog rata, tzv. Stunde Nulla, kad je Zapadna Njemačka bila preplavljena njemačkim izbjeglicama, van Straaten se u svome starom peugeotu dao na put po Flandriji, pribavljajući neprekidno špek za izbjeglice, po čemu je dobio nadimak. U isto vrijeme pokrenuo je i zakladu "Ostpriesterhilfe", koja se isprve skrbila za "svećenike s ruksacima", kako ih je nazivao van Straaten, koji su nosili pomoć brojnim katolicima prognanima iz Šlezije, Češke, Moravske i drugih nekadašnjih njemačkih pokrajina. Godine 1952. pokrenuo je izravnu pomoć progonjenim svećenicima pod komunističkom vlašću na Istoku. Zaklada je djelovanje proširila krajem pedesetih godina 20. stoljeća na Aziju, Afriku i Latinsku Ameriku. Godine 1964. je papa Pavao VI. njegovo djelo uzdigao na rang "Papinskih djela", a o. Werenfried postavljen je za generalnog voditelja. Tu je službu obavljao do 1981. godine, a nakon toga je još niz godina ostao duhovnim asistentom zaklade. Danas zaklada u 14 zemalja i ima oko 700 tisuća prijatelja i podupiratelja. Pomaže u 117 zemalja gdje su kršćani progonjeni ili trpe, a od 1993. godine "Kirche in Not/Ostpriesterhilfe" pomaže i Rusku pravoslavnu crkvu. Od svoga početka ta je zaklada prikupila i razdijelila više od tri milijarde dolara.
Papa Benedikt XVI. uzdigao ju je 7. prosinca 2011. s razine organizacije za pomoć papinskog prava na razinu zaklade papinskog prava.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službene stranice
Službene stranice

Katoličanstvo u Njemačkoj

Crkva u nevolji


Šime Jurić (Sinj, 18. svibnja 1915. — Zagreb, 27. listopada 2004.), hrvatski knjižničar, klasični filolog, bibliograf, poznat po istraživanju hrvatskih latinista i inkunabula.

Životopis
Rodio se je 1915. godine. U rodnome je Sinju završio pučku školu i gimnaziju. Diplomirao je u Zagrebu klasičnu filologiju na Filozofskom fakultetu 1940. godine. Od 1940. do 1942. bio je profesor u gimnaziju u Zagrebu, a potom do 1943. isto u Bolu na Braču. Radio je 1945. kao kustos u Arheološkom muzej uu Zadru, gdje je sredio i stručno popisao sačuvanu, te rekonstruirao i popisao građu koju su za rata odnijeli Treći Reich i fašistička Italija. Poslije rata završio je na tečaju knjižničarstvo i paleografsko-arhivistički tečaj. Od 1946. je 33 godine radio u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici gdje je vodio Zbirku starih i rijetkih knjiga i rukopisa sve do mirovine. Bio član državne delegacije za restitucju i vraćanje kulturnih dobara iz Mađarske. Zaslužan je za temeljito uređenje i rekatalogiziranje trezorske građe koja je za njegova radna vijeka udvostručena. Jurić je vodio projekt priređivanja i objavljivanja Kataloga rukopisa Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu. Najviš je pridonio u izučavanju hrvatskoga latinizma i inkunabulistike. Napisao je tri knjige o latinskim piscima i u njima je obuhvatio sve najvažnije što je od hrvatskoga latinizma objavljeno u nas i u svijetu od početka tiskarstva do 1848. godine. Zahvaljujući njemu otkrilo se mnoge pisce koje se u povijesnim djelima hrvatske literature i inkunabulistike uopće nisu spominjali.

Izvori

Životopisi, Sinj
Životopisi, Zagreb
Bibliografi
Arhivisti
Hrvatski filolozi

Šime Jurić


Le Hanenbos est une réserve naturelle de la commune belge de Beersel dans la section de Tourneppe. La superficie est de 69 hectares et appartient à la province du Brabant flamand

Description
Le domaine provincial se compose de deux zones, une partie dédiée aux loisirs et une autre dédiée à l'éducation à la nature et se compose principalement de forêt. Une caractéristique importante du Hanenbos est le relief parfois très prononcé de certaines parties de la réserve. En plus de la forêt elle-même, le domaine contient également un arboretum.

Voir aussi
 Domaine provincial de Huizingen.

Liens externes

Références

Beersel
Tourneppe

Hanenbos


Vladimir Vasiljevitj Granat (, ; født 22. maj 1987 i Ulan-Ude, Sovjetunionen), er en russisk fodboldspiller (forsvarer). Han spiller for den russiske ligaklub Rubin Kazan, som han var været tilknyttet siden 2017. Han har tidligere repræsenteret blandt andet Spartak Moskva, Dynamo Moskva og FK Rostov.

Landshold
Granat har (pr. juni 2018) spillet 12 kampe og scoret ét mål for Ruslands landshold. Han debuterede for holdet 6. december 2013 i en VM-kvalifikationskamp mod Luxembourg. Han repræsenterede sit land ved både EM 2012 i Polen/Ukraine, VM 2014 i Brasilien og VM 2018 på hjemmebane.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Rusland
Fodboldspillere fra FC Rostov
Fodboldspillere fra FC Spartak Moskva
Fodboldspillere fra Dynamo Moskva
Fodboldspillere fra Rubin Kazan
Deltagere ved det europæiske mesterskab i fodbold 2012
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2014
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2018

Vladimir Granat


Edvin "Edi" Rama (Tirana, 4. srpnja 1964.), albanski političar, umjetnik, pisac i košarkaš, lider Socijalističke partije Albanije (od 2005.), bivši gradonačelnik Tirane, te aktualni premijer Republike Albanije (od 2013.).

Karijera
Bio je predsjednik Albanske udruge gradonačelnika i Ministar kulture u Vladi Republike Albanije. Poznat je po svojim projektima uklanjanja kioska, proširivanja ulica koje je po njegovom ovlašćenju vršeno preko zemljišta u privatnom posjedu kao i uklanjanja ilegalno podignutih objekata s javnih površina, obala rječice Lana i javnih parkova.

Godine 2004. dobio je nagradu Svjetski gradonačelnik., a 2005. je uvršten na Timeovu listu europskih heroja. Pored albanskog, tečno govori engleski, francuski i talijanski jezik.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 BBC - The mayor transforming Tirana

Albanski političari
Predsjednici vlada
Gradonačelnici
Tirana

Edi Rama


Robert Haas ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Robert Haas (Bauingenieur) (1880–1973), Schweizer Wasserbauingenieur
 Robert Haas (Politiker) (1882–1933), deutscher Politiker, MdL Westfalen
 Robert Haas (Musikwissenschaftler) (1886–1960), österreichischer Musikwissenschaftler und Dirigent
 Robert Haas (Fussballspieler, I), Schweizer Fußballspieler
 Robert Haas (Künstler) (1898–1997), österreichischer Grafiker, Fotograf und Ingenieur
 Robert Haas (Ernährungswissenschaftler) (* 1948), US-amerikanischer Ernährungswissenschaftler
 Robert Haas (Liedermacher) (* 1964), deutscher Komponist und Liedermacher
 Robert Haas (Fußballspieler, 1971) (* 1971), österreichischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Robert Haas (Basketballspieler) (* 1988), deutscher Basketballspieler
 Robert B. Haas (* 1947), US-amerikanischer Fotograf und Unternehmer
 Robert Bartlett Haas (1916–2010), US-amerikanischer Literaturwissenschaftler
 Robert D. Haas (* 1942), US-amerikanischer Unternehmer
 Robert M. Haas (1889–1962), US-amerikanischer Filmarchitekt

Robert Haas


Gryon () is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle.

History
Gryon is first mentioned in 1189 as Griuns.

Geography

Gryon has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 28.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 52.3% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 11.2% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes and  or 7.8% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 7.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%.  Out of the forested land, 42.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 7.0% is pastures and 21.3% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.  Of the unproductive areas, 4.3% is unproductive vegetation and 3.5% is too rocky for vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Aigle district, on a narrow terrace at an elevation of  between the Gryonne and Avançon canyons.  To the east lie the hillside settlements of Les Chaux and La Barboleusaz (or Barboleuse).  In the north are forests and the alpine pasture of Taveyanne.  The western border with Bex was established in 1676.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, under a Cross Bottony Argent two Axes of the same handled Or in saltire.

Demographics

Gryon has a population () of .  , 27.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 15.2%.  It has changed at a rate of 16.1% due to migration and at a rate of 0.5% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (870 or 87.6%), with German being second most common (40 or 4.0%) and English being third (32 or 3.2%).  There are 19 people who speak Italian.

Of the population in the municipality 280 or about 28.2% were born in Gryon and lived there in 2000.  There were 310 or 31.2% who were born in the same canton, while 170 or 17.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 225 or 22.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 4 live births to Swiss citizens and 4 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 6 deaths of Swiss citizens.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 4.  There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland and 5 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 9 non-Swiss men and 9 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 15 and the non-Swiss population increased by 30 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 1.3%.

The age distribution, , in Gryon is; 132 children or 11.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 117 teenagers or 9.9% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 113 people or 9.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  167 people or 14.2% are between 30 and 39, 183 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 144 people or 12.2% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 178 people or 15.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 86 people or 7.3% are between 70 and 79,there are 49 people or 4.2% who are 80 and 89, and there are 11 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older.

, there were 358 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 511 married individuals, 56 widows or widowers and 68 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 459 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. There were 177 households that consist of only one person and 23 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 473 households that answered this question, 37.4% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 148 married couples without children, 113 married couples with children There were 14 single parents with a child or children.  There were 6 households that were made up of unrelated people and 14 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 709 single family homes (or 72.1% of the total) out of a total of 983 inhabited buildings.  There were 205 multi-family buildings (20.9%), along with 30 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (3.1%) and 39 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.0%).  Of the single family homes 104 were built before 1919, while 42 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The greatest number of single family homes (166) were built between 1961 and 1970.  The most multi-family homes (52) were built between 1971 and 1980 and the next most (51) were built between 1981 and 1990.

 there were 1,765 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 439.  There were 184 single room apartments and 384 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 449 apartments (25.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,231 apartments (69.7%) were seasonally occupied and 85 apartments (4.8%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 11.8 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.01%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Gryon and the Taveyanne area are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 23% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.05%), the SP (15.46%) and the Green Party (12.76%).  In the federal election, a total of 283 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.0%.

Economy
, Gryon had an unemployment rate of 4.8%.  , there were 19 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector.  92 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 17 businesses in this sector.  204 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 43 businesses in this sector. There were 475 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.9% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 256.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 9, all of which were in agriculture.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 85 of which 35 or (41.2%) were in manufacturing and 50 (58.8%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 162.  In the tertiary sector; 39 or 24.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 1.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 36 or 22.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 2.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 29 or 17.9% were in education and 18 or 11.1% were in health care.

, there were 53 workers who commuted into the municipality and 256 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 4.8 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 11.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 65.3% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 254 or 25.6% were Roman Catholic, while 524 or 52.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 9 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.91% of the population), and there were 15 individuals (or about 1.51% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 12 (or about 1.21% of the population) who were Islamic.  There were and 4 individuals who belonged to another church.  153 (or about 15.41% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 22 individuals (or about 2.22% of the population) did not answer the question.

Weather
Gryon has an average of 139.4 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives  of precipitation.  The wettest month is June during which time Gryon receives an average of  of rain or snow.  During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.9 days.  The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.9, but with only  of rain or snow.  The driest month of the year is October with an average of  of precipitation over 9 days.

Education
In Gryon about 387 or (39.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 160 or (16.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 160 who completed tertiary schooling, 42.5% were Swiss men, 25.6% were Swiss women, 16.9% were non-Swiss men and 15.0% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 111 students in the Gryon school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the district provided pre-school care for a total of 205 children of which 96 children (46.8%) received subsidized pre-school care.  There were 70 students in the primary school program, which lasts four years.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 41 students in those schools.

, there were 27 students in Gryon who came from another municipality, while 83 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

References

Municipalities of the canton of Vaud
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Vaud

Gryon


An Schoenoplectus ehrenbergii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Johann Otto Boeckeler, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jiří Soják. An Schoenoplectus ehrenbergii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Schoenoplectus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Schoenoplectus

Schoenoplectus ehrenbergii


Rogelio Hernández Gaspar (Barcelona, 25 de diciembre de 1930 – 31 de diciembre de 2011) fue un actor y director de doblaje español, decano en el sector de Barcelona, donde se inició en el oficio en 1953, alternando el doblaje y las tablas.

Biografía
Uno de sus primeros papeles importantes fue el de doblar a Jeffrey Hunter en el clásico de John Ford Centauros del desierto, doblada en Madrid, en la época en que Rogelio residió allí. En 1960 se instala definitivamente en Barcelona, donde comenzará una extensa carrera como actor de doblaje que duraría casi medio siglo.

En la década de los 60 Rogelio sería el idóneo y el más solicitado para doblar a actores de la talla de Marlon Brando, Paul Newman, Michael Caine o Jack Lemmon, actores a los que Rogelio seguiría doblando durante las décadas siguientes, especialmente los tres primeros. Además redoblaría a actores como Errol Flynn, Cary Grant y Montgomery Clift.

En las décadas de  1970 y 1980, además de doblar a Caine, Brando y Newman, presta su voz a secundarios, como Bruce Dern, Roy Scheider, James Caan o Robert Duvall. Destaca su doblaje de Peter Sellers, el cómico inspector Clouseau en la saga La Pantera Rosa.

En 1981 comienza a doblar a Jack Nicholson en el thriller de cine negro dirigido por Bob Rafelson El cartero siempre llama dos veces, convirtiéndose así en otro de sus actores habituales hasta su retiro (le dobló en 18 ocasiones).

También fue la voz en castellano del célebre asesino en serie "Escorpión", encarnado por Andrew Robinson en el thriller de 1971 Harry el sucio, de Don Siegel y protagonizada por Clint Eastwood.

La lista de los actores que prestó habitualmente su voz, es larguísima: Marlon Brando, Michael Caine, Paul Newman, Jack Nicholson, Gene Wilder, Bruce Dern, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Peter O'Toole, Cary Grant, James Caan, Robert Duvall, John Cassavetes, Montgomery Clift, John Cleese, Tony Curtis, James Cromwell, Vittorio Gassman, Burt Reynolds, Giuliano Gemma, Giancarlo Giannini, Jack Lemmon, Richard Harris, Klaus Kinski, Martin Landau, Oliver Reed, Peter Sellers, Roy Scheider, George Segal, Harry Dean Stanton y Don Stroud,

El 1 de febrero de 1986 Rogelio Hernández fue homenajeado en Barcelona en la ceremonia de los Atriles de oro de La gran Noche del doblaje, donde recibió un premio por toda su carrera. En 2007, tras graves problemas de visión, Rogelio se retiró del doblaje después de haber intervenido en los doblajes de más de 1500 películas. Falleció en 2011, a los 81 años de edad, como consecuencia de un cáncer de riñón.

Su esposa, Rosa Guiñón y su hija Rosa María Hernández también se dedican al doblaje.

Número de doblajes de actores más conocidos
 Voz habitual de Michael Caine (en 42 películas) de 1964 a 2007.
 Voz habitual de Paul Newman (en 27 películas) de 1962 a 2006.
 Voz habitual de Marlon Brando (en 21 películas) de 1961 a 2002.
 Voz habitual de Jack Nicholson (en 18 películas) de 1981 a 2004.
 Voz habitual de James Caan (en 16 películas) de 1974 a 2007.
 Voz habitual de Burt Reynolds (en 15 películas) de 1976 a 2001.
 Voz habitual de Jean-Paul Belmondo (en 14 películas) de 1962 a 1995.
 Voz habitual de Robert Duvall (en 14 películas) de 1964 a 2000.
 Voz habitual de Bruce Dern (en 12 películas) de 1964 a 2004.
 Voz habitual de Richard Harris (en 12 películas) de 1971 a 2001.
 Voz habitual de Peter Sellers (en 12 películas) de 1966 a 1982.
 Voz habitual de Peter O'Toole (en 11 películas) de 1964 a 1998.
 Voz habitual de Tony Curtis (en 10 películas) de 1963 a 1998.

Selección de doblajes

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Barcelona
Fallecidos en Barcelona
Actores de Barcelona
Actores de voz de España
Directores de doblaje de España

Rogelio Hernández


Vuk Hamović (Beograd, 1949.) srpski je poduzetnik.

Hamović je rođen u obitelji Ratomira Hamovića, generala Jugoslavenske narodne armije i Ljerke Durbešić.

Godine 1972. diplomirao je, a 1974. magistrirao na Ekonomskom fakultetu u Beogradu. Niz godina bio je djelatnik Energoprojekta, a nakon 1987. godine osniva nekoliko privatnih tvrtki koje posluju u financijskom i energetskom sektoru.

Godine 1992. poslovne aktivnosti premješta u London, gdje osam godina kasnije osniva tvrtku Energy Financing Team (EFT) koja se bavi kupoprodajom električne energije. U novije vrijeme gradi i vlastita elektroenergetska postrojenja.

Jedan je od osnivača beogradskog tjednika Vreme, a poduprao je i političko djelovanje Milana Panića.

Izvori
Bilješke i literatura

 Group Chairman , Energy Financing Team Group, www.eft-group.net, pristupljeno 13. prosinca 2017.
 Slobodan Bubnjević, Trgovac mrakom na veliko, Vreme br. 889, 17. siječnja 2008., pristupljeno 13. prosinca 2017.

Vanjske poveznice
Mrežna mjesta
 Vuk Hamović , osobno mrežno mjesto
 Energy Financing Team Group

Životopisi, Srbija

Vuk Hamović


هو منتخب كرة القدم الخماسية لليبيا والمسؤول عنه الاتحاد العام الليبي لكرة القدم Libyan Football Federation .

انجازات الفريق
 بطل البطولة العربية الثالثة لكرة القدم داخل الصالات 2008 - ليبيا
 بطل البطولة العربية الرابعة لكرة القدم داخل الصالات 2008 - ليبيا
 بطل البطولة الأفريقية لكرة القدم الخماسية 2008 - ليبيا
 المترشح الأول من إفريقيا إلى نهائيات كأس العالم لكرة القدم داخل الصالات 2008 بالبرازيل

تشكيلة المنتخب

سجل البطولات

كأس العالم
 1989 - لم يشارك
 1992 - لم يشارك
 12- لم يترشح
 2000 - لم يشارك
 2004 - لم يترشح
 2008 - ترشح
 2012 -ترشح

بطولة أفريقيا
 1996 - لم يشارك
 2000 - الترتيب الثالث
 2004 - لم يشارك
 2008 - البطل

البطولة العربية
 1998 - الترتيب الثالث
 2005 - الترتيب الرابع
 2007 - البطل
 2008 - البطل

كأس شمال أفريقيا
 2005 - البطل
 2009 - البطل

كأس الربيع العربي لكرة الصالات
 2012 - البطل

كأس 2 مارس
 2009 - البطل
 2010 - البطل

مصادر

موقع المنتخب الليبي لكرة القدم الخماسية*

كرة القدم داخل الصالات في ليبيا
منتخب ليبيا الوطني لكرة القدم داخل الصالات
منتخبات كرة القدم داخل الصالات وطنية إفريقية

منتخب ليبيا لكرة القدم الخماسية


An Aulonemia clarkiae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gerrit Davidse ngan Richard Walter Pohl. An Aulonemia clarkiae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aulonemia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aulonemia

Aulonemia clarkiae


Umami, gustul savorii, este unul dintre gusturile de baza, împreună cu dulce, amar, acru și sărat. Cuvântul este preluat din japoneză (うま味), și poate fi tradus ca "gust plăcut savuros". Denumirea a fost dată de chimistul japonez Kikunae Ikeda, de la cuvintele  umai (うまい) "delicios" și mi (味) "gust"; numele a fost dat după identificarea sa științifică din anul 1908. Gustul umami provine de la receptorii gustativi specifici pentru glutamați.

Vezi și
 Aromă
 Gust (simț)

Referințe

Legături externe
 Umami, cel de-al cincilea gust

Alimentație

Umami


Balys Gajauskas (* 24. Februar 1926 in Gražiškiai, Rajongemeinde Vilkaviškis; † 28. September 2017) war ein litauischer Politiker und Mitglied des Seimas.

Leben
Balys Gajauskas lernte in Kaunas und machte das Abitur. Ab 1945 nahm er den Widerstand gegen die sowjetischen Besatzer auf. 1948 wurde Gajauskas festgenommen und zu 25 Jahren Lagerhaft verurteilt, die er in verschiedenen Lagern des Gulag verbüßte. Von 1949 bis 1956 war er in den Lagern Balchasch und Schesqasghan, von 1956 bis 1973 in Lagern von Mordwinien und schließlich – nach zwischenzeitlicher Haftentlassung – von 1978 bis 1987 im Lager Perm-36 inhaftiert. Erst 1988 kehrte er nach Litauen zurück. Von 1990 bis 1992 war er Mitglied des Atkuriamasis Seimas. Von 1991 bis 1992 leitete er die litauische Staatssicherheitbehörde Nacionalinė saugumo tarnyba. Bei der Seimas-Wahl war er Kandidat in der Liste von Lietuvių tautininkų sąjunga. Von 1989 bis 1997 leitete er  Lietuvos politinių kalinių ir tremtinių sąjunga (Union der Politischen Gefangenen und Deportierten).

1981 wurde Gajauskas mit dem internationalen Friedens- und Freiheitspreis ausgezeichnet.

Familie
Gajauskas war verheiratet. Mit seiner Frau Irena Gajauskienė hatte er die Tochter Gražina Gajauskaitė.

Quellen
 CV
 Leben

Einzelnachweise

Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Mitglied des Ausschusses für nationale Sicherheit und Verteidigung (Litauen)
Person (Rajongemeinde Vilkaviškis)
Direktor (VSD)
Opfer des Stalinismus (Sowjetunion)
Häftling im Gulag
Litauer
Geboren 1926
Gestorben 2017
Mann

Balys Gajauskas


Postere eller postering har flere specialiseringer:
 Postere er det at placere en person i arbejdsmedfør et bestemt sted/stilling. Postering er det at postere en person.
 Postering (regnskab) - En postering er en registrering af en ændring af saldo til en konto.

Se også
 Post

Postere


Hayatın Kökleri, (İngilizce: Roots of Life) Mahlon B. Hoagland'ın yazdığı bir kitap. Kitap Tübitak tarafından ve Şen Güven'in çevirisiyle yayımlanmıştır.

Bilim kitapları
1993 kitapları
İngilizce kitaplar
Amerikan kitapları

Hayatın Kökleri


Miloš Jovanović (Beograd, 19. kolovoza 1976.) srbijanski je politolog, pravnik, predsjednik Demokratske stranke Srbije (od 2018.) i docent na Pravnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Beogradu. Osvojio je treće mjesto na predsjedničkim izborima 2022. godine.

Izvori

Srbijanski političari od 1989.
Životopisi, Beograd

Miloš Jovanović


البئْر الارتوازية بئر ينفجر منه الماء تلقائياً وذلك من خلال تسرب مياه الأمطار إلى باطن الأرض من عبر الفجوات الأرضية حيث تتجمع المياه بشكل مضغوط في طبقات الأرض وإذا تبين أن تسرب المياه بين طبقتين إنحصر بينهما فلا يستطيع الصعود أو النزول لأنه محصور بينهما وهما لا ينفذان الماء مطلقا فتتراكم المياه على أبعاد شاسعة من البحيرة التي تسربت منها وعندما يقوم الإنسان بثقب أي جهة من جهات تلك الطبقة وتصادف أن الماء متجمع تحتها إنفجر منها ونبع إلى فوق إلى بعد أمتار محدودة بقدر سطح البحيرة التي نشأ منها.

تاريخ

دير ليلار بأرتوا، ومنها تأصلت التسمية.

المصادر

آبار ماء
طبقات المياه الجوفية
علم المياه
منشآت مائية
موارد المياه

بئر أرتوازية


Metadon je sintetski opioid (nije derivat morfija), snažan analgetik.

Povijest
Još u II svjetskom ratu, u Njemačkoj, sintetiziran za potrebe vojne medicine i kirurgije, te je korišten kao sredstvo za uklanjanje bolova svih vrsta. Godine 1964. bračni par Dole i Nyswander prvi počinju eksperimente s metadonom i koriste ga u praksi kod narkomanskih (heroinskih) apstinencijskih kriza.

Kemijski sastav
Po sastavu je hidroklorid i uspješno djeluje na morfinske receptore u mozgu gdje 1 mg metadona zamjenjuje i postiže učinak 4 mg morfina.
Kemijsko ime je 6-dimetilamino-4,4-difenil-3-heptanon.

Metadonska terapija
Metadonom se ne liječi narkomanija, već se putem tzv. supstitucijske metadonske terapije otklanjaju znaci apstinencijske krize. Metadonska supstitucijska terapija je ustvari institucionalno drogiranje narkomana kako bi se društvo zaštitilo od kriminalnog ponašanja. Narkoman, pod nadzorom medicinskog osoblja, svakodnevno dobiva dozu metadona koja održava normalno stanje i metabolički balans. Postoje stroga pravila o uzimanju ove sintetske droge.
Zloupotreba metadona dovodi do oko 5000 smrtnih slučajeva godišnje zbog predoziranja u SAD.

Zakonska regulativa
Uvršten je u Hrvatskoj na temelju Zakona o suzbijanju zlouporabe drogu na Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, pod Popis droga i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga, pod Droge sukladno Popisu 1. Jedinstvene konvencije UN-a o drogama iz 1961. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/methadone/index.html

Opioidi
Psihoaktivne droge
Prevencija i liječenje ovisnosti

Metadon


Bacigalupi ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Armando Bacigalupi, uruguayischer Politiker
 Esteban Bacigalupi, uruguayischer Politiker
 Paolo Bacigalupi (* 1972), US-amerikanischer Autor

Bacigalupi


Autoritatea  pentru  Supravegherea și  Protecția  Animalelor (ASPA) este un serviciu public de interes local al Municipiului București, cu personalitate juridică și se află, din punct de vedere administrativ, în subordinea Consiliului General al Municipiului București, fiind finanțat din subvenții acordate din bugetul local al Municipiului București, din venituri proprii și alte surse în condițiile legii, după caz. ASPA are ca rol gestionarea și bunăstarea animalelor fără stăpân din București și administrează trei centre de adopții: ASPA Pallady, ASPA Mihăilești și ASPA Bragadiru,  capacitatea totală a acestora fiind în jur de 1200 locuri.

Obiectul și scopul activității

Obiectul de activitate al Autorității pentru Supravegherea și Protecția Animalelor îl constituie:
 Gestionarea câinilor fără stăpân de pe domeniul public al Municipiului București;
 Derularea și implementarea unor proiecte în vederea promovării adopției;
 Sterilizarea gratuită a câinilor și pisicilor fără pedigree de pe raza Mun București;
 Realizarea de activități și programe educaționale de conștientizare publică a rolului animalelor;
 Asigurarea protecției și bunăstării animalelor de pe rază Mun București;
 Acordarea de asistență medicală animalelor cu/fără stăpân, aflate în stare critică pe domeniul public, prin intervenția SMURV.

Obiectul de activitate se realizează prin următoarele activități:
 Capturarea câinilor fără stăpân;
 Transportul câinilor capturați în adăpost;
 Cazarea și hrănirea câinilor capturați, cu respectarea normelor și măsurilor sanitar-veterinare în vigoare;
 Asigurarea asistenței sanitar veterinare și controlul bolilor în adăposturi, exclusiv cu medicii veterinari de liberă practică, organizați în condițiile legii;
 Derularea și implementarea unor proiecte privind promovarea adopției, a sterilizării gratuite a câinilor și pisicilor fără pedigree, cu/fără stăpân precum și organizarea de evenimente, ateliere și grupuri de lucru care să contribuie la responsabilizarea civică în respectarea drepturilor animalelor;
 Adopția la distanță a câinilor;
 Asigurarea situațiilor de urgență medical-veterinare prin ridicarea animalelor cu/fără stăpân , care sunt rănite, prin SMURV, cu ambulanța veterinară;
 Actualizarea și gestionarea bazei de date, rezultată din activitatea ASPA privind efectivul canin, precum și alte informații primite de  la terți, specifice obiectului de activitate al instituției.

Scopul Autorității pentru Supravegherea și Protecția Animalelor București:
 Reducerea numărului de câini fără stăpân prin promovarea adopției. Promovarea adopției se va realiza prin derularea și implementarea de programe.
 Schimbarea mentalității colective a cetățenilor bucureșteni față de actul de adopție și responsabilitate civică în respectarea drepturilor animalelor într-o capitală europeană;
 Diminuarea cazurilor de abandon a animalelor;
 Derularea și implementarea unor programe utilizând animale pregătite special în acest sens în școli/licee/centre de seniori/alte instituții în vederea schimbării percepției cetățenilor bucureșteni privind animalele fără stăpân;
 Îmbunătățirea sănătății și bunăstării câinilor din adăposturi prin asigurarea asistenței sanitar-veterinare , stoparea înmulțirii necontrolate a câinilor de rasă comună cu sau fără stăpân, prevenirea abandonului și a pierderii câinilor de rasă comună, facilitarea recuperării câinilor pierduți, reducerea apariției rabiei și a altor zoonoze, reducerea riscurilor asupra sănătății oamenilor.
 Eutanasierea ca ultimă măsură după ce au fost parcurse celelalte metode, în conformitate cu prevederile Strategiei pentru Protecția și Bunăstraea Animalelor București, adoptată prin HCGMB nr. 170/2017. Se vor eutanasia câinii din adăposturi care sunt bolnavi cronic și incurabil, nerevendicati, neadoptați și fără a avea decizie de prelungire în adăpost.

Proiecte și campanii despfășurate de ASPA în 2018

Festivalul dedicat animalelor de companie PET FEST

Prima ediție PET FEST a fost organizată între 29 iunie - 1 iulie 2018, în Parcul Alexandru Ioan Cuza - Insula câinilor, sectorul  3. Au participat expozanți din toate domeniile de interes: crescători, cabinete veterinare, producători de mâncare, producători de medicamente, asociații, ONG-uri, cluburi de dresaj și au fost promovate adopțiile. Cea de-a două ediție a festivalului, desfășurată sub sloganul - 100 de ore dedicate animalelor de companie în an centenar - a avut loc între 3 - 7 octombrie în același loc și a fost un succes și mai mare. Toți câinii aduși de ASPA la eveniment, 30 la număr, au fost adoptați.

Campania STERILIZAREA NU TE COSTĂ NIMIC

Campania s-a desfășurat timp de 8 săptămâni, între 22 octombrie - 16 decembrie 2018. În cadrul programului fiecare cetățean al Mun București a putut beneficia de sterilizarea gratuită a maximum două animale într-unul dintre cele 11 cabinete veterinare, partenere în campanie. La finalul programului aproape 3000 de animale au fost sterilizate gratuit.

Campania ADOPTĂ BUCURIE

Adoptă Bucurie este campania principală a instituției care se desfășoară zi de zi, de luni până vineri, în centrele de adopții sub sloganul: La ASPA adopți mai mult decât un cățel, adopți bucurie! Adopțiile sunt gratuite. În anumite perioade centrele își deschid porțile și în weekend pentru creșterea numărului de adopții. Un astfel de exemplu au fost târgurile de adopții desfășurate la ASPA Bragadiru în perioada 16 - 18 noiembrie 2018 și ASPA Mihăilești în perioada 23 - 25 noiembrie 2018 în cadrul campaniei ADOPTĂ BUCURIE. În urmă acestor ediții peste 100 de căței au fost adoptați.

Campania ADUCEM BUCURIE

Pe 3 decembire 2018, de Ziua Internațională a Persoanelor cu Dizabilități, ASPA a lansat campania ADUCEM BUCURIE. Programul, implementat pentru al doilea an consecutiv, s-a desfășurat în perioada       3 - 19 decembrie 2018 în zeci de centre din Capitală. Cățeii din centrele de adopții ASPA au vizitat copiii, seniorii, persoanele cu nevoi speciale și persoanele defavorizate din București pentru Activități Asistate de Animale (AAA). Ambele scopuri ale acestei campanii au fost atinse – cățeii au bucurat aproximativ 1700 de beneficiari, iar la finalul programului au fost adoptați.

Note

Bibliografie
 www.aspa.ro
  ASPA București
  Pet Fest București, 2018

Organizații guvernamentale din România

ASPA București


بداية جديدة  اسم سُمّيت به خطبة ألقاها الرئيس الأمريكي باراك أوباما في 4 يونيو 2009، في قاعة الاستقبال الكبرى في جامعة القاهرة في عاصمة جمهورية مصر العربية القاهرة، وشاركت جامعة الأزهر في الإعداد للحدث. كانت الخطبة وفاءً بوعد من أوباما أثناء حملته الانتخابية بأن يوجه رسالة إلى المسلمين من عاصمة إسلامية في أشهره الرئاسية الأولى.

برّر السكرتير الصحفي للبيت الأبيض روبوت جيبس اختيار مصر بأنها «الدولة التي تمثل قلب العالم العربي من مختلف الجوانب». تعتبر مصر إحدى القوى الأساسية في عملية السلام في الشرق الأوسط كما أنها تتلقى مساعدات اقتصادية وعسكرية أمريكية. ذكرت رويترز أن هدف الخطبة تحسين العلاقة بين أمريكا والعالم الإسلامي التي تشوّهت كثيرًا أثناء فترة رئاسة جورج بوش الابن.

الخلفية

التوقعات
في أبريل ومايو 2009، التقى الرئيس الأمريكي باراك أوباما بملك الأردن عبد الله الثاني وبرئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي بنيامين نتنياهو وبرئيس السلطة الفلسطينية محمود عباس لبحث تفاصيل خطة السلام في الشرق الأوسط. طرحت العديد من الأفكار أثناء هذه اللقاءات الثلاثة، إلا أن تفاصيلًا قليلة فقط نشرت عن خطة أوباما للشرق الأوسط.

بدأ أوباما منذ توليه منصبه دعم إنشاء دولة فلسطينية وأعلن أنه سوف يتفاوض مع إيران. أوضح أيضًا أنه معارضٌ للاستيطان الإسرائيلي وأنه يبحث عن مؤشرات للسلام. في لقاءٍ له مع قناة العربية، قال أوباما: «مهمتي أمام العالم الإسلامي هي توضيح أن الأمريكيين ليسوا أعداءً لكم».

زيارة لمعلم إسلامي قبيل الخطاب
زار أوباما قبيل إلقاء خطابه مسجد السلطان حسن بالقاهرة ل«يظهر الاحترام للحضارة الإسلامية». ورفض أوباما ارتداء الخف المخصص للسياح واكتفى بالجوارب  وكانت ترافقه وزيرة الخارجية الأمريكية هيلاري كلينتون التي ارتدت الحجاب، وقد قامت فضائيات عربية وعالمية عدة بتغطية تلك الزيارة القصيرة للمسجد.

الخطبة
دعت خطبة أوباما إلى الفهم المتبادل بين العالم الإسلامي والعالم الغربي قائلا أنه يجب على الطرفين أن يبذلا وسعيهما لمواجهة التطرف العنفي. كان الجزء الأطول في الخطبة هو حديثه عن السلام بين إسرائيل والفلسطينيين. أكد أوباما العلاقة القوية بين أمريكا وإسرائيل واصفًا العلاقة بقوله «لا يمكن قطع الأواصر أبدًا» لكنه وصف أيضًا حال الفلسطينيين بأنه «لا يطاق» ووصف تطلعاتهم لبناء الدول بأنها شرعية تمامًا كشرعية طموح إسرائيل في وطن يهودي.

افتتح أوباما خطبته بتحية الإسلام «السلام عليكم» (وقد نطقها باللغة العربية) وعقِبها الآية القرآنية في سورة الأحزاب «اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا». استشهد أوباما أيضًا في موضعَيْن آخرَيْن من خطبته بآيتين أخرى تين إحداهما في سورة الحجرات: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا» والأخرى في سورة المائدة: «أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ [أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ] فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا»؛ واستشهد بآية من إنجيل متى «هنيئًا لصانعي السلام لأنهم أبناء الله يُدعونَ». وقُسّمت خطبة أوباما إلى سبعة أجزاء: التطرف العنفي والصراع الإسرائيلي/الفلسطيني والأسلحة النووية (وأشار فيها إلى إيران) والديمقراطية وحرية المعتقد وحقوق المرأة والتطور الاقتصادي.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 على قناة البيت الأبيض في يوتيوب.
 النص الإنجليزي الرسمي للخطبة.

السياسة الأمريكية في 2009
مصر في 2009
الإسلام في الولايات المتحدة
العلاقات الأمريكية المصرية
جامعة الأزهر
جامعة القاهرة
حل الدولتين
بداية جديدة
سياسة إدارة باراك أوباما الخارجية
علاقات أمريكية شرق أوسطية

خطبة باراك أوباما في جامعة القاهرة 2009


, ජපානයේ උසම කන්ද වේ.  උස වන එය හොන්ෂු දූපතේ පිහිටා ඇත. මෙය ජපානය තුළ පිහිටි සක්‍රීය stratovolcano එකකි. උස  වේ. මෙය ජපානයේ උසම කන්ද වෙයි. එසේම මෙය ආසියාවේ දූපතක පිහිටි දෙවැනියට උසම යමහල (සුමාත්‍රා දිවයිනෙහි පිහිටි Mount Kerinci පසුව) වෙයි. ඊට අමතරව මහපොළොව මත වන දූපතක උසම ස්ථාන ලැයිස්තුවේ සත් වැන්න වෙයි. ෆූජි කන්ද අවසාන වරට විදාරණය වීම වූයේ 1707 සිට 1708 දක්වා ය.

ඉතිහාසය

ෆුජි කන්ද සතුව ඉතා ආකර්ෂණීය volcanic cone එකක් පවතියි. විශේෂයෙන්ම ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 1600 පසුව, එනම් Edo (වර්තමානයේ තෝක්යෝ) රටෙහි අගනුවර වීමෙන් පසුව Tōkaidō මාර්ගයේ ගමන්ගන්නා අතරතුර බොහෝ ජනයා විසින් නිතර දකින්නක් වීම හේතුකොට ගෙන, මෙය බොහෝ ජපන් කලා කෘති වල විෂයය වෙයි. H. Byron Earhart නම් ඉතිහාසඥයාට අනුව, "ඉන්දියාව, චීනය, සහ ජපානය යන රටවල් තුන ආශ්‍රිත හඳුනාගත් ලොකය තුළ ජපන් ජාතිකයන් විසින් මධ්‍යතන යුගයේ දී "අංක එක" කන්ද ලෙස සලකන ලදී". මෙම කන්ද ජපන් සාහිත්‍යය පුරාවටම සඳහන් වන්නක් වන අතර බොහෝ කාව්‍යයන්ගේ විෂයය ද විය.

ආශ්‍රිත
 List of mountains and hills of Japan by height
 100 Famous Japanese Mountains
 List of three-thousanders in Japan
 Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park
 List of World Heritage sites in Japan
 List of elevation extremes by country
 , Araido Island (阿頼度島), Kuril Islands
 Mount St. Helens, nicknamed "Fuji-san of America" prior to its 1980 eruption
 Sacred mountains

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

 ෆූජි කන්ද තරණය කිරීමේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය

Volcanoes of Honshū
Active volcanoes
ඉසූ-බොනින්-මරියානා චාපය
Mountains of Shizuoka Prefecture
Mountains of Yamanashi Prefecture
Natural monuments of Japan
Pleistocene volcanoes
Pleistocene Asia
Sacred mountains
Sacred mountains of Japan
Special Places of Scenic Beauty
Stratovolcanoes of Japan
Subduction volcanoes
Triple junctions
VEI-5 volcanoes
Tourist attractions in Shizuoka Prefecture
Tourist attractions in Yamanashi Prefecture
Extreme points of Japan
ජපානය තුළ පිහිටි ලෝක උරුම අඩවි
Volcanoes of Shizuoka Prefecture
Volcanoes of Yamanashi Prefecture
Articles containing video clips
Highest points of countries

ෆූජි කන්ද


O Politburo do Partido Comunista do Vietnã, formalmente o Bureau Político do Comitê Central do Partido Comunista do Vietnã (), é o órgão máximo do Partido Comunista do Vietnã (PCV) entre as reuniões do Congresso Nacional e da Plenária do Comitê Central. De acordo com as regras do Partido, o Politburo é quem define a orientação geral do governo.

Os membros do Politburo são eleitos e ranqueados pelo Comitê Central logo após o Congresso Nacional do Partido. O atual Politburo (13º mandato) foi eleito pela 1ª Sessão Plenária do 13º Comitê Central no rescaldo do 13º Congresso Nacional e é composto por 18 membros. O primeiro membro classificado é o Secretário Geral do Comitê Central.

Deveres e responsabilidades
O Politburo é uma subunidade do Comitê Central, o órgão supremo para assuntos partidários. Os membros do Comitê Central, findo o Congresso do Partido, elegem livremente a composição do Politburo. O número de membros do Politburo também é decidido pelos membros do Comitê Central. Até 1990, havia duas formas diferentes de membros do Politburo: plenos e suplentes. Quando o Secretariado foi abolido em 1996, um Comitê Permanente do Politburo (também conhecido como Conselho Permanente do Politburo) foi estabelecido. Ao contrário do Secretariado, o Comitê Permanente do Politburo foi nomeado pelo Politburo e não pelo Comitê Central (embora os dois órgãos tivessem funções quase idênticas). O Comitê Permanente do Politburo foi abolido em 2001 no 9º Congresso Nacional, e o Secretariado foi restabelecido. Os membros eleitos recebem classificações em uma ordem de precedência.

O Politburo é o órgão dirigente dos assuntos do Partido; o Comitê Central se reúne apenas duas vezes por ano, mas o Politburo pode implementar políticas que tenham sido aprovadas pelo Congresso anterior do Partido ou pelo Comitê Central. É dever do Politburo garantir que as resoluções do Congresso do Partido e do Comitê Central sejam implementadas nacionalmente. Também é responsável por assuntos relacionados à organização e pessoal, e tem o direito de preparar (e até convocar) uma sessão plenária do Comitê Central. O Politburo pode ser anulado pelo Comitê Central, como aconteceu em 2001, quando o Politburo votou a favor da manutenção de Lê Khả Phiêu como Secretário-Geral; o Comitê Central respondeu derrubando a decisão do Politburo, demitiu Lê da política ativa e forçou o Comitê Central a eleger um novo Secretário-Geral após o 9º Congresso Nacional.

Poder em relação ao estado
Antes das reformas de Nguyễn Văn Linh durante o final dos anos 1980, o Politburo era o órgão supremo de tomada de decisão em todas as áreas do partido e do Estado. Antes de 1988, o Politburo não tinha uma diretriz clara sobre suas responsabilidades em questões socioeconômicas. Devido a essa falta, o Politburo frequentemente se intrometia nos assuntos do Conselho de Ministros (o governo central). Até 1988, o Politburo fazia planejamento detalhado e decisões orçamentárias; a partir de 1988, o Politburo decide a orientação geral de um plano, mas permite que o governo central tome decisões socioeconômicas detalhadas. O papel abrangente do Politburo antes de 1988, confundia os papéis do partido e do Estado no processo de tomada de decisão. Outro problema até 1988 era que muitos membros do Politburo eram funcionários importantes dentro do Estado.

O Politburo tem o poder não oficial de nomear membros do governo central por meio da Assembléia Nacional do Vietnã. Como a Assembleia Nacional é dominada pelo partido, a liderança do partido tem influência considerável na nomeação de membros do governo central. No entanto, mesmo que o Politburo decida a nomeação de funcionários, os membros do partido podem se opor às indicações.

Membros atuais
O atual Politburo de 18 membros foi eleito em 31 de janeiro de 2021 no primeiro plenário do 13º Comitê Central do Partido.  Nguyễn Phú Trọng foi reeleito para seu terceiro mandato como secretário-geral do Partido Comunista do Vietnã, cargo que ocupa desde 2011.

Política do Vietname


Inteligência em Pesquisa e Consultoria Estratégica, ou Ipec, é um instituto brasileiro de pesquisas de mercado e opinião fundado em janeiro de 2021.

Histórico
O instituto foi fundado em janeiro de 2021 por Márcia Cavallari, ex-CEO do IBOPE, e outros membros que lá trabalhavam. O grupo IBOPE, fundado em 1942, foi vendido em 2014 para a inglesa Kantar, que dividiu o grupo em dois e passou adotar o nome de Kantar IBOPE Media, focado na medição de audiência de televisão; as demais operações de opinião, de mercado e de intenções de voto, pelo acordo, foram assumidas pela IBOPE Inteligência, que manteria o direito de uso do nome até o início do ano de 2021. Com o fim do direito de uso, os antigos integrantes da diretoria da empresa fundaram o Ipec, adotando métodos e nichos de mercado semelhantes aos já praticados pela antiga empresa. Dentre os sócios da nova empresa está Carlos Augusto Montenegro, um dos membros da família que controlava o IBOPE desde a década de 1970.

Atuação
Iniciando operação com significativa parte dos profissionais e do participação de mercado do extinto IBOPE, o Ipec se notabilizou como um dos principais institutos de pesquisa de opinião do país. O instituto realizou diversas pesquisas de intenções de voto durante as eleições gerais no Brasil em 2022, sendo o único instituto a realizar pesquisas em todos os estados e no Distrito federal para os pleitos estaduais e federais.

Notícias falsas nas eleições de 2022

Durante as eleições de 2022, o instituto foi objeto de diferentes notícias falsas que visavam descredibilizar os resultados de suas pesquisas que apontavam liderança do candidato Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva sobre o então presidente Jair Bolsonaro para as eleições presidenciais. Em agosto, circulou um vídeo deepfake que simulava a jornalista Renata Vasconcellos dando notícia suposta pesquisa do Ipec apontava liderança de Bolsonaro. No mesmo mês e durante algumas semanas, circulou notícia falsa alegando que o instituto teria o mesmo endereço do Instituto Lula, o que apontaria conluio entre os institutos para mostrar este candidato à frente nas pesquisas. A notícia foi inicialmente divulgada pelo bolsonarista Gustavo Gayer e amplamente desmentida, inclusive pelo próprio divulgador inicial, mas continuou circulando em outros canais posteriormente.

Ver também
 IBOPE
 Datafolha
 Ipsos
 Vox Populi

Ligações externas

Institutos de estatística
Opinião
Acrónimos
IBOPE
Empresas de pesquisa de mercado do Brasil


Natasha Friis Saxberg (født 27. juli 1975) er foruden administrerende direktør i IT-Branchen, digital strateg, forfatter og foredragsholder.

Barndom, ungdom og uddannelse
Natasha Friis Saxberg blev født i Teheran, Iran som datter af iransk forretningsmand Ismail Ghotbzadeh og forfatter Lean Waage Beck. Efter Ghotbzadehs død i 1982 giftede moren sig igen og stedfaderen Arne Waage Beck adopterede Friis Saxberg. Natasha Friis Saxberg har to børn født i 2004 og 2006.

Friis Saxberg var i lære som buntmager hos Birger Christensen fra 1991-1993, mikroinstruktør fra Handelsskolen Mariager Fjord 1997, MCSE Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer 1999, merkonom i handel og innovation fra Niels Brock 2003.

Karriere
I 1995 startede Saxberg en designbutik, der solgte skræddersyede selskabskjoler. Hun fandt dog snart ud af, at IT skulle være hendes karrierevej, og hun fik i 1997 job hos Nicom Data (senere opkøbt af GE Capital IT Solutions) som IT systemkonsulent. Fra 2002 - 2013 har hun været selvstændig digital konsulent, bl.a. som ansvarlig for SKATs Twitter-konto @skattefar og som digital rådgiver for Finansforbundet og Swarovski. I 2008 grundlagde hun virksomheden Mentory
Fra 2008 - 2014 var hun associeret partner hos instituttet for Fremtidsforskning
, som bl.a. rådgav IKEA, Eniro, YouSee, m.fl. I 2010 grundlagde hun Gignal, der er en platform til samlet præsentation af live social media-flows til brug ved festivaler og events. Bl.a. benyttet af Roskilde Festival, Ekstra Bladet,TV2 og TEDx.
I 2014-15 præsenterede hun programmet Tech and the City fra New York for Jyskebank.TV. Hun har endvidere optrådt ved TEDxKEA i København. Fra 2015 var hun digital strategikonsulent for ATEA og blev siden ansat som head of Future Growth. Natasha Saxberg repræsenterede bl.a. ATEA ved Gartner symposium 2015 Fra januar 2018 til februar 2019 var hun Head of Technology & Venture Development hos Mærsk Growth. I dag er hun konsulent inden for digitalisering. Endvidere sidder hun i juryen for Danish Digital Awards og er næstformand i Fonden for Socialt Ansvar. Dertil er hun med i en række advisory boards og skriver om teknologi, trends og digital vækst i flere medier.

I januar 2020 tiltrådte Natasha som administrerende direktør for brancheorganisationen IT-Branchen. Hun sidder fortsat med som rådgiver i ATV (Akademiet for Tekniske Videnskaber), i Erhvervsministeriets Disruption Taskforce, i det offentligt-private Digital Hub Denmark og i Innovationsrådet. Ansættelsen kommer, efter at IT-Branchens bestyrelse gennem en tid har arbejdet med en ny og mere offensiv strategi, hvortil bestyrelsen mente at Natasha var en oplagt profil.

Nomineringer og æresposter
 Nomineret til Top 100 over Europas mest indflydelsesrige tech-kvinder (2012)
 Nomineret til The Next Women 2009
 Jury medlem ved The International Academy of Digital Arts & Sciences Webby
 Rådgiver for Maternity Foundation
 Mentor for Startup Bootcamp
 Mentor for Seedcamp & Venture Cup
 Advisory Board: Børnefonden, Finansforbundet, Disruption Taskforce og Digital Hub Denmark.
 Digital vismand i ATV.
 Jurymedlem Danish Digtal Awards.
 Næstformand Fonden for Socialt Ansvar.
 På Top 100 listen over mest indflydelsesrige kvinder i Danmark, 2018.
 På Top 50 listen over inspirerende kvinder i Norden, 2017.
 European Women in Tech Award 2020.

Bibliografi
 Twitter. 2009
 Homo Digitalis. 2013.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Oplæg ved TEDxKEA 2015
 Gignal
 Hjemmeside

Personer fra Teheran
Erhvervskvinder
Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark
Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog

Natasha Friis Saxberg


One UI යනු Android 9 "Pie" සහ up ධාවනය වන Android උපාංග සහ Windows 11 සහ ඉහළ ධාවනය වන Windows උපාංග සඳහා Samsung Electronics විසින් සංවර්ධනය කරන ලද මෘදුකාංග ආවරණයකි. Samsung Experience UX සහ TouchWiz ප්‍රතිස්ථාපනය කරමින්, මෘදුකාංගය නිර්මාණය කර ඇත්තේ ස්මාර්ට්ෆෝන් භාවිතය පහසු සහ දෘශ්‍යමය වශයෙන් වඩාත් ආකර්ෂණීය කිරීමටය. Galaxy S10 ශ්‍රේණි, Galaxy Buds සහ Galaxy Fold සමඟින් 2019  හි Samsung හි සංවර්ධක සමුළුවේදී එක් UI හඳුන්වා දෙන ලදී.

{{Infobox OS
| name = One UI 3
| title = One UI
| logo = One-ui logo.svg
| screenshot =
| screenshot_size =
| caption =
| developer = Samsung Electronics
| source_model = Sumber terbuka
| family = Linux (Berdasarkan Android), Unix-like
| working state = Available
| released =
| latest release version = 5.0 (Based on Android 13)
| latest release date =
| latest preview version = One UI 6.1
| latest preview date =
| language count = 100+
| language = 100+ languages and 25 locales
worldwide
Azərbaycan
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch (Deutschland)
Deutsch (Österreich)
Deutsch (Schweiz)
Eesti
English (Australia)
English (Canada)
English (Ireland)
English (New Zealand)
English (Philippines)
English (South Africa)
English (United Kingdom)
English (United States)
Español (España){{smal

ඊට අමතරව, One UI යනු Tizen ස්මාර්ට් ඔරලෝසුව සහ Samsung Google සමඟ එක්ව සංවර්ධනය කරන ලද ඔවුන්ගේ Wear OS වේදිකාව සඳහා මෘදුකාංග ස්ථරයකි. [ යොමු කිරීම අවශ්‍යයි ]
One UI

OneUI


Heiligenhafen Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Ostholstein iline bağlı bölge. 18,12 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 9.254 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Heiko Müller tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.heiligenhafen.de

Ostholstein iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Heiligenhafen