Carlisle United Football Club ( ,  ) is a professional association football club based in Carlisle, Cumbria, England. The team compete in EFL League One, the third tier of English football.

They have played their home games at Brunton Park since 1909. The club's traditional kit is blue with white and red detail, whilst the badge takes elements from the city's coat of arms by including two wyverns. They are nicknamed the "Blues", due to their kit, as well as the "Cumbrians". The club is the closest English professional football club to the Anglo-Scottish border.

Formed in 1904, the club entered the Lancashire Combination the following year and were crowned Division Two champions in 1906–07. They entered the North Eastern League in 1910 and went on to win the league title in 1921–22, before being elected into the Football League in 1928. They spent the next 30 years in the Third Division North, at which point they were assigned a place in the newly formed Fourth Division, from where they won promotion in 1961–62. Relegated the following season, they then won two consecutive promotions, finishing the 1964–65 season as champions of the Third Division under the stewardship of Alan Ashman. They secured promotion out of the Second Division in 1973–74, but stayed only one season in the First Division and were relegated back to the Third Division at the end of the 1976–77 campaign. Promoted again under Bob Stokoe in 1981–82, they suffered successive relegations to return to the fourth tier by 1987.

Carlisle won promotion as champions of the fourth tier in 1994–95, but were relegated the next season, before winning promotion again in 1996–97, only to be relegated again the following year. Their 76-year stay in the Football League came to an end with relegation in 2003–04, though player-manager Paul Simpson secured an immediate return after leading United to victory in the 2005 Conference National play-off final. They then won the League Two title in 2005–06 and they remained in League One until their relegation at the end of the 2013–14 season, being promoted back to the third tier nine years later after beating Stockport County in the 2023 play-off final. The club has reached the final of the Football League Trophy six times, more than any other team, winning it in 1997 and 2011, and finishing as runners-up in 1995, 2003, 2006 and 2010.

History

1896–1904: Shaddongate United
Shaddongate United F.C. are first reported in 1896 as the winners of the Carlisle Association Charity Shield and are recorded as playing at Willow Holme in the Shaddongate area of the city, now an industrial estate, and wearing blue and gold stripes. At the time Carlisle Red Rose and Carlisle AFC were the pre-eminent clubs in Carlisle but the new club quickly gained a following and by the time Carlisle AFC folded in 1899 they were considered a force to be reckoned with. By 1903 they had overtaken Red Rose and were further cemented as the city's biggest club when Red Rose's entire team were banned for four months by the Cumberland Football Association for taking part in a Scottish amateur tournament in contravention of league rules.

A myth has persisted that Shaddongate and Red Rose had merged to form Carlisle United and this likely led the club to adopt 1904 as their official date of foundation, though Red Rose continued until 1906 at which point they folded. Only in 2017 did more information about the early part of their history come to light.

1904–1928: Carlisle United
On 17 May 1904 at Shaddongate United's annual general meeting the club's members voted to change the team's name to Carlisle United at a heated meeting in Caldewgate, and it wasn't without its detractors. In fact, a breakaway group decided that Shaddongate United should live on and they continued to play under that name. However, they didn't have much of a local impact and their exploits have also been lost in the fullness of time.. The initial idea having been proposed by Newcastle United officials who felt it would aid them when applying to regional football leagues if they represented the entire city. At the time they played at Milhome Bank and later at Devonshire Park, finally settling at their current home Brunton Park in 1909. The first ever recorded fixture that United played was on 1 September 1904 when they entertained Victoria Wanderers, another Carlisle based side, in a friendly. Wanderers would go on to win the game, played at Millholme Bank,  2–1 and, unfortunately, the scorer of that historic goal has been lost to history with his name never having been recorded.

The first ever Saturday match for Carlisle United was on 3 September 1904, and it ended in victory with a 3–1 win over Hexham. 7 days later it was Maxwelltown, just across the border, who played host in a thrilling 3–3 draw that saw both sides take and lose the lead. A final nail in the coffin for Shaddongate came when the new Carlisle United entered the Cumberland Senior League. The division had just the 6 teams (including fierce rivals Carlisle Red Rose) and it was to be the Roses who would inflict a first league defeat on United when they beat them 2–0 at Boundary Road.  Revenge would be gained a month later when United went to the Roses ground at Maryport Cottages and beat them 2–1 in another nip and tuck match.

It was in this 1904–05 season that Carlisle United entered the FA Cup for the first time. They were drawn to play against Workington who were, at that time, the top side in Cumbria. In fact, so good were they that they comfortably held their own in the Lancashire Combination League. The Cup game ended in a 2–2 draw with the West Cumbrians running out as 3–1 winners in the replay. In the Cumberland Cup United started by knocking out Frizington White Star, followed by Workington and then Keswick in the semi-final. The final, played on the Warwick Road ground, brought United and Red Rose together again, and it was the newer of the two sides who would come out on top. The 2–0 win not only handed them the Cumberland Cup, but also confirmed them as the first side to ever achieve the League and Cup double.

The remainder of the season for United was a series of friendly matches against the likes of Accrington, Darlington and Newcastle United. On Good Friday 1905 club officials pulled off a real coup when they managed to persuade Glasgow Rangers to come to the City for a game. The match was played at Warwick Road in front of a healthy crowd of 3000, but the Gers won 2–1. Having won both the Cumberland Senior League and the Cumberland Cup in their inaugural season and been very impressed with what they had seen and heard of the Lancashire Combination League, United went in search of approval for admittance on 3 May 1905. After a two week wait the request was rubber stamped and, along with Burnley, Bolton and Lancaster, United stepped up to a higher level of football, successfully applying to be admitted to the Second Division of the Lancashire Combination but were only admitted after agreeing to pay all visiting teams' travel expenses for two years, due to Carlisle not being located in Lancashire. It was though a bold step for the Carlisle club who had to agree to pay the train fares for the visiting team for two seasons as well as providing them with a tea. The success of 1904–05 had resulted in the club's bank balance increasing from £24 to £90 despite the outlay of £52 on player's wages, an early sign of professionalism in the ranks. Yet this balance and more was needed to develop a new and better ground at Devonshire Park, situated off Lismore Place and Catholic Lane. A new stand seating 800 was erected and banking erected all around the playing area. The aim, as it was reported to the club's AGM, was to improve the game in the Border City. The Lancashire Combination had begun life back in 1891 with the Second Division being established in 1903. Though almost entirely composed of clubs in Lancashire, Workington had been admitted in 1904 so United were guaranteed at least one local derby fixture.

The new season's preparations also included moves to strengthen the playing staff. Several players were recruited from other local sides, not least Carlisle Red Rose who had severe financial difficulties. Other players came from further afield including Tom Smith who arrived as both player and trainer from Preston North End, had also played for Tottenham with whom he had won an FA Cup winners medal in 1901. The Lancashire Combination era began on 2 September 1905 at home to St Helens Town. Despite two goals from Smith, the visitors won 3–2. The next game at home to Blackpool Reserves was lost 5–1 and despite a first win at Burnley, Carlisle then crashed 8–1 at Clitheroe in what proved to be almost the worst defeat of the season. Soon afterwards a new goalkeeper, James Scott, was signed from Barnsley and immediately results began to improve. Carlisle were able to sustain a mid table position for most of the season. A rare lapse came on 2 January 1906 when the trip to Brynn Central ended in an 8–0 rout, the biggest defeat of the campaign. The most convincing victory had come a week earlier on Christmas Day 1905 when Hyde St George's were thrashed 10–2. Not surprisingly Hyde were to finish bottom of the table although it was reported rather unsurprisingly that they were 'somewhat short of their strongest side' when they arrived in Carlisle. Despite this fact, a total crowd of 11,310 watched the two home games on Christmas Day and Boxing Day while a further 1,000 were said to have been admitted without paying after forcing entry into the ground.

Carlisle finished the season in thirteenth place among the nineteen teams in the Combination. The campaign ended with four successive home matches, the last of these being the local derby with Workington. Though Carlisle were safely placed in mid table, Workington were near the top and in with a real chance of promotion to Division One. The teams had met a month earlier in Carlisle's last away match of the season which saw the Reds win 3–1. The return match at Devonshire Park attracted a gate in excess of 10,000 with receipts of no less than £208 thanks to increased admission prices. The match ended 1–1 and Workington eventually missed promotion by a single point. Financial troubles had caused Carlisle Red Rose to resign from the Cumberland Senior League the previous summer. Fortunately they were later readmitted, playing their home games at the Milholme Bank ground that had just been vacated by United. The two sides were then drawn together in the FA Cup First Preliminary Round. Carlisle United won 3–0 at Devonshire Park before losing at Barrow in the next round. It was not until the end of the season that the City's two leading sides met again. By that time Red Rose had won the Cumberland Cup Final, beating Frizington White Star who had just pipped them for the Cumberland League title. On 30 April 1906 United and Red Rose met in a friendly match in aid of the Red Rose club. The result was a 1–1 draw.

After the league reorganised four years later the board at United decided it did not suit the club's best interests to be there any longer and the club entered the North Eastern League in place of their reserve team who had previously played in the league and been a founding member. When the Carlisle United first team left to join the Football League the reserve team resumed its place in the competition. Carlisle United were crowned champions of the North Eastern League in 1922.

The 1927–28 season was Carlisle's last in the North Eastern League. An excellent home record helped them to second in the table finishing a full 10 points behind Champions Sunderland Reserves. The close season meant the usual round of applications to join (and be re-elected to) the Football League. Carlisle went up against Chester, Durham City (applying for re-election), Nelson and York City. On 4 June 1928 a delegation of representatives from Carlisle United took their seats at the Football League meeting in London to hear the results of the vote. Carlisle received the second-most votes with 33, and replaced Durham City, who had received just 11 votes, as members of the Football League.

1928–1964: Football League
Carlisle United won their first League fixture Football League Third Division North in August 1923 with the side of Prout, Coulthard, Cook, Harrison, Ross, Pigg, Agar, Hutchison, McConnell, Ward and Watson beating Accrington Stanley 3–2. Their next game a week later was played against Hartlepools United and still stands to this day as their record victory at 8 goals to nil, though it was later equalled on Christmas Day 1952 when Scunthorpe were beaten by the same score. Carlisle finished in eighth place in their inaugural campaign which proved to be the best in the pre-war era. In 1934–35 the Club finished bottom of the table and had to seek re-election for the only time.

When the Second World War began in 1939, Carlisle United withdrew from national and regional competitions and only played local football. When the war was over the club returned to the Football League and appointed Ivor Broadis as player-manager, making him the youngest league club manager in history. He then had the distinction of becoming the first manager to transfer himself when he moved to Sunderland, he continued to live and train in Carlisle. Broadis returned to Carlisle United in 1955 an ex-England international.

In 1949, the club became the first to appoint Bill Shankly as manager. Shankly, a former player at Carlisle, later went on to manage local rivals Workington (helping them finish above Carlisle for the first time) before being appointed as manager of Liverpool in 1959; over the next 15 years he would guide that club to numerous trophy successes. It is at Carlisle where he met local player Geoff Twentyman, who he would later sign as head scout at Liverpool, and lifelong friend Ivor Broadis. Broadis, who was playing for Sunderland but living and training with Carlisle, once arrived late for training and Shankly asserted that he would play by United's training rules even if he didn't play there. According to Shankly, he said to Broadis: "What do you think you're doing? Who do you think you are? If you do the training we do you can train with us and we'll play five-a-side and you'll run your guts out as an example to everybody else".

Carlisle were members of the Third Division North until 1958 when it combined with the Third Division South to become the Fourth Division. They remained there until 1962 when they won their first promotion, they were relegated the following season but immediately bounced back to begin the most prosperous period in the club's history.

1964–1985: Golden era
Upon gaining promotion to the Third Division in 1964 United immediately won the Third Division Championship the following year. In the period which followed Carlisle enjoyed their greatest success outside of cup competitions. Over twelve years the club cemented themselves as a solid Second Division (Then 2nd Tier in English football) side. Within that period Carlisle finished 7 out of 11 seasons in the top half of the table including 3rd in 66–67, 4th in 70–71 and a 3rd in 73–74 which saw them promoted to the top tier of English football. The end of the 71–72 season also saw Carlisle play their only European competition in the club's history, the Anglo-Italian Cup, and in June 1972 they beat A.S. Roma 3–2 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.

Playing in the First Division for the 1974–75 season, Carlisle won their first three fixtures (including 1-0 against Tottenham Hotspur before 18,426 spectators) to go top of the English football pyramid, partly due to the likes of Chris Balderstone, scoring the penalty which put them at the top, and Bobby Parker who both went on to make at least 375 league appearances for Carlisle. The success was short lived however, they finished the season in bottom place and were relegated. Highlight victories include doing a double over Everton, and home victories over eventual champions Derby County, and former title holders Ipswich Town, Arsenal, Burnley, Tottenham Hotspur and Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Bill Shankly, an FA Cup and League Championship winning manager by that time, branded Carlisle's climb to the top as "the greatest feat in the history of the game."

After Carlisle's brief taste of life in the First Division, the Club found themselves struggling in Division Two, and another relegation followed in 76–77 returning to the Third Division first time in 13 years.

Their top-flight journey three years earlier had faded into memory and, though a handful of their First Division squad remained, these were not such glorious times for the Cumbrians. It was Bobby Moncur's first full season in charge in 1977–78, the Newcastle legend having succeeded reluctant boss Dick Young the previous autumn. Carlisle never managed to hit any sort of winning stride and found their campaign studded with draws. The FA Cup had brought some respite from the mundane, Carlisle encountered Manchester United after a decent spell of winter form. A 1–1 draw at Brunton Park is also remembered for the controversial decision not to award the Blues a second-half penalty, and eventually they bowed out with a 4–2 defeat in the Old Trafford replay. By the spring they had also seen the departure of their most dangerous player: striker Billy Rafferty, who was sold to Wolves. United had replaced him with Portsmouth's David Kemp. Carlisle would settle the season with a 13th-placed finish.

After another campaign in the Third Division finishing sixth place in the 1978–79 season. Carlisle went into the start of the 1979–80 season struggling for consistency but looked to climb up the divisions with 22-year-old York City striker Gordon Staniforth arriving for £120,000 in October, making him the club's most expensive purchase at the time. Staniforth would join Paul Bannon and the emerging Peter Beardsley with a fresh attacking impetus. By the time Sheffield United visited in November in front of a 6,347 crowd they had found a degree of better form, winning 1–0. If these were new beginnings for Staniforth, though, they also proved the start of the end for Moncur. Three months after the Sheffield United win, the boss departed Brunton Park to take the top job at Hearts. That left Martin Harvey in caretaker and subsequently permanent charge as Carlisle finished sixth, the same as the previous season.

The 1980–81 season had started badly, it had been the first calendar year in which United had employed three different managers, Bob Moncur having left for Hearts in February, Martin Harvey steering the ship to September, then Bob Stokoe moving back in for a second spell. Carlisle hit by some key departures including Mike McCartney, Steve Ludlam and the earlier exit of Phil Bonnyman. Carlisle hosted Burnley on Boxing Day in a 3–2 victory after a Gordon Staniforth hat-trick, ending a six-game winless run. Carlisle would avoid the drop into Division Four by just a single point finishing 19th place. Returning manager Bob Stokoe would trigger another revival at the Club a year later.

In 1982 Carlisle were again promoted to the Second Division under Stokoe, this time in Second place in the table after a 1–0 victory at Chester in their last game of the season. A four year sojourn in Division Two then followed, including the "nearly" season of 1983–84, when they just missed out on promotion to the top flight once again; after spending the majority of the season in a top three placing with a team including Malcolm Poskett and Tommy Craig they mounted a promotion challenge but finished 7th after a late slump.

1986–2005: Doldrums
Carlisle ended their most prosperous period as rapidly as it had started. Back to back relegations saw them drop into the Fourth Division in 1987 for the first time since 1964. Even back in the Fourth Division, fortunes did not initially start to improve. Attendance slumped to the lowest in the Club's history and only 1,287 saw the League game against Chester in May 1987 and the introduction of automatic promotion/relegation to the Vauxhall Conference posed a new threat. Carlisle's first season in there saw them finish second from bottom but 19 points ahead of relegated Newport County meant no danger of relegation.

Carlisle's league form was improved after three awful seasons and they finished 12th in Division Four in 1988–89. They reached the FA Cup third round, where their run was ended by defending league champions and eventual FA Cup winners, Liverpool. Seventeen-year-old defender Steve Harkness was sold to Liverpool at the end of the season. His place in the team was filled by Middlesbrough's Paul Proudlock.

Carlisle's good progress continued into the new decade, but their play-off hopes were ended on the final day of the season by a 5–2 demolition at the hands of Maidstone United. This was a disappointing end to an encouraging season during which the Cumbrians had topped the 1989–90 Fourth Division on Christmas Day and for a while in January as well before a late slump in form cost them dearly. In the end they missed out on the play-offs due to inferior goal difference.

A promising start to the 1990–91 season suggested that the Cumbrians were finally on their way out of the Fourth Division, but a disastrous second half of the campaign saw them slump to 20th in the final table and cost manager Clive Middlemass his job in March. He was succeeded by Aidan McCaffrey, who was left needing a substantial overhaul to get Carlisle's fortunes back on track.

In 1992, Carlisle endured one of the worst seasons in their history as they finished bottom of the Fourth Division, but were lucky because the demise of Aldershot mid-season resulted in no relegation to the Conference taking place that year. A brief respite in Carlisle's decline then came when the club was taken over by Michael Knighton in the summer of 1992, the man who had made headlines in 1989 with his failed takeover bid for Manchester United became chairman and chief executive of Carlisle United. Knighton purchased the entire Shareholding from the former board of directors, some 75.6% of the Club. The next three years saw a dramatic rise in the Club's fortunes. From 1992 to 1996, some £4.5 million of investment had been provided to improve the Brunton Park Stadium. A new East Stand (6,000 All Seater) was opened by Nat Lofthouse in August 1996, as the first phase of the planned 28,000 All Seater Stadium. In October 1993 a Club record Transfer Fee was paid in the first three years of Knighton's reign, acquiring a much-needed prolific goalscorer with the purchase of David Reeves for £121,000 from Notts County. The Club also broke its unbeaten run of games without defeat, by setting a new record of 19 games.

Before the 1993–94 season began, Michael Knighton announced his intention to deliver Premiership football to Carlisle by 2003. He re-organised the management team to appoint Mick Wadsworth as Director of Coaching, while David McCreery was given the role of head coach and 38-year-old goalkeeper Mervyn Day was named as assistant coach. This season was Carlisle's best in years, they won 10 of their final 14 league games to secure the final play-off place in the recently rebranded Division Three, a year after narrowly avoiding relegations but failed to gain promotion, though their promotion dream was ended by losing to Wycombe Wanderers in the semi-finals.

The 1994–95 Season was one of the Club's most memorable, with the club attaining only their second Championship in the club's history by taking the Third Division Championship with a record number of points for the Club, with Carlisle gaining some 91 points for the League Championship. David Reeves scored 25 league goals to help Carlisle achieve long-awaited success ending their eight-year ordeal in the league's basement division. This Season also witnessed the Club's first appearance at Wembley in the Auto Windscreens Shield Final against Birmingham City, with a record crowd, for this competition, of 76,663. A nail biting finish went into extra time and history was made again when the "Golden Goal" principle was used for the first time at Wembley to decide the winner, when Birmingham scored to gain a 1–0 victory.

In 1995–96 with new found Division 2 status Carlisle were favourites to win the Division 2 Championship. However, profound disappointment materialised during that Season, which culminated in a controversial relegation back to Division Three. The re-arranged Brighton vs York fixture was completed after the formal season had finished. York knowing in advance that they only needed to win or score 3 goals to survive the drop themselves; York won, 3–1 at the Goldstone Ground, sending United back to Division 3. Knighton threatened to sue the League, unless the Football League adopted a more acceptable Code of Practice, to avoid such occurrences in the future.  Mervyn Day became Director of Coaching following the departure of Mick Wadsworth, who left the Club in January 1996 for First Division Norwich City, only to remain for a few months at Norwich before he left by "mutual consent"; Wadsworth found himself back in the Third Division as Manager of Scarborough F.C.

The opening campaign of the 1996–97 Season suggested that the Club could well be in the running to bounce back to Second Division status at the first attempt. As predicted and anticipated at the end of 1996–97, the Club gained promotion at the first attempt and returned to Division 2 and gained an automatic promotion spot, Carlisle would finish 3rd behind Wigan Athletic and Fulham, Wigan going through as Champions. . However, although the team had started the campaign as the "fancied" favourites for the Championship, Carlisle were slightly disappointed in finishing in Third place, considering the calibre of the squad, but the fact that the end of season run-in only produced four wins from the last twelve games saw the team limp over the promotion line rather than finish with a flourish. Carlisle, also made their second visit in three years to Wembley, by reaching the Final against Colchester. A fairly tense, equal affair saw the game burst into life in extra time. The Match ended with a thrilling penalty shoot out, Carlisle found themselves trailing 3–1 on penalties until Cumbrian, Tony Caig, pulled off two truly brilliant penalty saves to leave the Club Captain, Steve Hayward, with the last penalty kick to score and carry the day. He scored to see the club win 4–3 on penalties and make History for the club by lifting a Winners Trophy at the famous "Home of Football", for the first time.

With promotion gained at the first attempt and returned to Second Division status for the 1997–98 season . The disappointing form from last season would continue, picking up just one win out of the first six games, and when one took the previous twelve games from last Season into account it showed a poor performance of picking up just five wins in eighteen matches. Mervyn Day was relieved of his duties, and the coaching team comprising Michael Knighton, David Wilkes and John Halpin took charge of First Team affairs. Paul Devlin was recruited as Community Officer in the place of John Halpin. The main objective for the new coaching staff for Season 1997–98 was to maintain Division Two status. Unfortunately this was not to be, and the Club finished 23rd on the table. Knighton sold the club soon afterwards, and Carlisle entered another period of strife and struggle.

In the 1998–99 season Carlisle found themselves in their second successive relegation battle. With Peter Beardsley still unable to make up his mind whether he wished to join Carlisle as team coach, it was left with the Wilkes and Halpin partnership to steer the club forward. After a mixed start the Team really began to play quite well throughout the end of September and October. In December Michael Knighton appointed former Middlesbrough captain, Nigel Pearson as Team Manager. Nigel Pearson came on strong recommendation to Carlisle with glowing references from the likes of Howard Wilkinson and Ron Atkinson, two of his former Managers. However, it is fair to describe that his period in charge as nothing short of disastrous, picking up just five wins from the 19th December 1999. Pearson obtained five wins out of some twenty-seven matches in charge.

No one could have predicted the climax to the end of yet another disappointing Season. The final game of the season created one of football's golden folklore moments, "the great escape" game of 8 May 1999. Carlisle United needed to gain three points from the final game of the season at home to Plymouth Argyle to retain their League survival or be relegated from the Football League for the first time since 1928. Scarborough (Carlisle's relegation rival) merely needed to draw against Peterborough. News had already flashed through to Brunton Park that Scarborough had achieved all they needed to do, drawing against high flying Peterborough at the McAlpine Stadium 1–1 each. The score line remained 1–1 at Brunton Park on 90 minutes and the crowd at Scarborough were already celebrating before the fourth official stated four minutes of extra time would be played at Brunton Park. In the 95th minute of stoppage, goalkeeper Jimmy Glass, who had signed in an emergency loan deal from Swindon Town after the transfer deadline, sprinted from his goal line, arrived late in the box for a corner kick, Scott Dobie's flashing header was parried by the Plymouth goalkeeper straight to the feet of Glass, who with the last kick in the game wasted no time in smashing the ball home in one of the most dramatic ends to a Season ever witnessed. All pandemonium broke loose, a high spirited mass pitch invasion took place, the referee was swamped in a good natured fashion, and at least three or four minutes lapsed before the referee was able to return the ball to the centre spot. The moment the referee blew the whistle to re-start the game, he also signalled the end of the Match, in a glorious survival and retention of Football League status for Carlisle. It was in many ways a fitting finish. There had been much criticism over the departure of local Goalkeeping hero Tony Caig, and the incoming goalkeeper saving the Club, to become a national star overnight and a folk hero amongst the greatest of Carlisle folk heroes of all time.

In June 1999, Michael Knighton resigned as chairman and put his shareholding in CUFC Holdings Ltd up for sale. The forthcoming 1999–2000 season produced yet another poor performance on the field of play. Despite one million pounds spent on players' wages and the club retaining one of the largest playing squads in the bottom two divisions, the club narrowly escaped relegation to the conference on goal difference. Carlisle lost their final game of the season 1–0 to Brighton but were kept up by Chester City's defeat at the hands of Peterborough United. Chester City lost their league status, relegated to be replaced by Conference Champions Kidderminster. Carlisle's Team Coach, Neil Cooper had already left by early January and both replacement, Paul Baker and manager Martin Wilkinson followed suit by the end of the season.

Ian Atkins, the former Northampton Town and Chester City manager was appointed to manage team affairs for the 2000–01 campaign. Atkins was one of the most successful managers in the lower leagues,  and there was much hope that he could be the man to achieve promotion. But things didn't work out and they finished 22nd, just one place higher than in the previous two campaigns. In July, Atkins quit at the end of the season to take the Assistant Managers job at Cardiff and was succeeded by Roddy Collins who inspired Bohemians of Ireland to their historic UEFA Cup wins over Aberdeen and 1.FC Kaiserslautern.

In the 2001–02 season, the Blues just manage to avoid relegation at the expense of Barnet, safety was achieved in only the second to last game of the season. Carl Heggs scored the vital goal that secured the point needed in the away game at Lincoln City. The highlight of the season was the third round FA Cup tie at home to Arsenal, the Blues made the Gunners work hard for a 1–0 victory and were unlucky not to grab a replay. Improved results on the pitch were overshadowed once again by off the field events which included a failed takeover attempt by Irish Businessman John Courtenay and in April Roddy Collins became the second manager to be dismissed that season by United following a series of outbursts which slammed the Directors of the club and overseeing Carlisle United's worst start to a season in 46 years.

For the fourth time in five seasons, Carlisle narrowly avoided relegation in the 2002–03 season. This time 22nd place was just one place above the drop zone, as this was the first season in which two clubs were relegated to the Conference instead of just one.

After frequently in the struggle to avoid relegation to the Conference Carlisle were finally relegated in 2003–04 after 76 years in the Football League. Relegation had seemed inevitable since well before Christmas, with 18 of Carlisle's first 21 Division Three games ending in defeat. A revival followed from the next 25 fixtures under new player-manager Paul Simpson, 40 points from a possible 75 . Carlisle actually managed to finish second from bottom in the table after York City's failure to win any of their final 20 league games, with Carlisle's relegation being confirmed when they failed to win their penultimate game of the season.

2005–present: Return to the Football League

Carlisle were promoted out of the Conference at the first time of asking in 2004–05, winning the play-off final by defeating Stevenage Borough 1–0 at the Britannia Stadium. Carlisle's excellent form under manager Paul Simpson continued into the following season as they returned to the Football League with a bang, clinching the League Two title. Simpson then departed for Preston North End, and was succeeded by Neil McDonald.

In 2006–07, the club were mired in mid-table but staged a late run for a play-off place, they finally finished the season 8th, their highest league place for 20 years with the added bonus of returning their highest average league crowds for 30 years. Carlisle started the 2007–08 season with a 1–1 draw at newly promoted Walsall but manager Neil McDonald was sacked on the Monday after the match. Cheltenham Town manager John Ward took over on a permanent basis in October 2007, with both clubs agreeing a six figure compensation package. Under Ward Carlisle were in the hunt for an automatic promotion spot but could only manage a draw on the final day of the season and finished fourth. In the play-off semi-final, Carlisle lost to Leeds United, losing 3–2 on aggregate.

The 2008–09 season saw Carlisle start promisingly but it was soon followed by one of the worst runs of form in the club's history. Because of this manager John Ward was sacked and replaced by caretaker manager Greg Abbott, signing him permanently after he uplifted the club's form in the following games. Carlisle completed two full seasons with Abbot at the helm, and achieved comfortable mid-table finishes in both. More noteworthy were the two runs in the Football League Trophy which took place in those seasons. The team were beaten in the final in 2010 but returned the following year, to win the trophy in 2011. The following season started successfully for the Cumbrians and sustained a considerable play-off push throughout the season. A dip in form towards the end of the seasons saw the Cumbrians miss out by two points to Stevenage.

Following a narrow 1–0 home defeat to Port Vale, Abbott's 5-year reign as United manager ended. Following Abbott's sacking, assistant manager Graham Kavanagh was installed as caretaker manager, later appointed on a permanent basis. In May 2014, Carlisle were relegated, ending an 8-year spell in the third tier having finished 22nd.

In September 2014, Keith Curle was appointed as Carlisle United manager. After a poor start to the season, Curle lifted Carlisle from the foot of the table, and out of the relegation zone. However, Carlisle drifted back towards a relegation battle, only securing their Football League safety with two games to spare. The next season was a much more comfortable one but not enough for a promotion push, with the team finishing 10th. A highlight of the season was a visit to Anfield for the third round of the League Cup. Carlisle held Liverpool to a 1–1 draw, but lost 3–2 on penalties.

The first half of the 2016–17 season was excellent for the club, with just one loss in their first 23 league fixtures. However a disastrous sequence followed, with only 4 wins in the next 21 games. Carlisle narrowly made the play-offs but lost 6–5 on aggregate to Exeter City in the semi-final. Keith Curle left Carlisle United at the end of the 2017–18 season after over four years in charge. The 2019–20 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic with the Cumbrians in a disappointing 18th place.

In February 2022, Paul Simpson returned as manager with the club in 23rd place. "Simmo" led the blues to 8 wins, 1 draw and 6 defeats which was enough to pull the club from the relegation zone and keep Carlisle in the Football League, finishing in 20th place. After securing survival in the 2021–22 season, Simpson agreed terms on a new three-year contract as manager. In the 2022–23 season, Carlisle finished 5th, securing a play-off spot. In the play-off semi-final, Carlisle defeated Bradford City to win the tie 3–2 on aggregate. In the play-off final, the Cumbrians defeated Stockport County on penalties after a 1–1 draw to earn promotion back to League One after nine years in League Two.

Colours and badge

Upon the decision to change the name of Shaddongate F.C. to Carlisle United in 1904 the club also changed their shirt colours from gold and navy stripes to blue. In 1907 white shorts were introduced and since then various combinations of blue and white have been used by the club. In 1973 the first shirt to feature a sportswear sponsor was worn by United. Made by Admiral, the shirt was based on an earlier Birmingham City shirt and was the first to feature red detailing. Since then red detailing became a common feature on Carlisle shirts.

The first evidence of Carlisle wearing a crest dates to the 1950–51 season, first adorning it in a FA Cup tie against Arsenal. The design itself was based on the city's own coat of arms which was registered at the College of Arms in 1924. The crest itself may have been derived from Sir William de Carlyell of Cumberland, in the reign of Edward II, who bore a red cross. The supporting red wyverns to either side of the shield are a symbol of the British Kingdom of Cumbria. The motto on the underlying scroll reads: 'Be just and fear not', which is a quote from Shakespeare's 'Henry VIII'.

Carlisle were often referred to as 'The Foxes' due to the local connection with huntsman John Peel. In 1970 the club badge changed to reflect this and featured a golden fox jumping over the abbreviation C.U.F.C. The fox further became part of the club's image with a mounted stuffed fox named Olga (an anagram of "goal") which is traditionally carried onto the pitch by the mascot before the match. Later versions of this badge featured a fox's head with a castle (representing Carlisle Castle) and a fox jumping through a ring of stars, somewhat resembling the European Union emblem.

Since 1995 the club has reverted to using the city's coat of arms. However the club still sell merchandise with branding similar to their former fox badge and the club mascot (who is now Olga the Fox also) still carries the stuffed fox onto the pitch.

Sponsorship
Stobart Group, a local business, had been the club's main shirt sponsor since 1995. Before 2007 the shirt displayed the 'Eddie Stobart' name associated with the haulage arm of the business (with the exception of the 1997–2000 shirt), in 2007 this changed to just 'Stobart' in order to reflect the wider company. The Stobart deal ended for the 2014–15 season, ending one of the longest-running sponsorship deals in English football.

The Stobart Group have been strong supporters of the club in general also. In 2010, to celebrate the company's 40th anniversary, the group bought 4,000 tickets for the League One game against Rochdale and gave them away to the general public. On 3 April 2011 Carlisle United wore black armbands in the Football League Trophy final in respect of Edward Stobart (son of Eddie), who died three days earlier.

Source:

Stadium

As Shaddongate United the club played at two grounds, Millholme Bank, to the south of the city, and Devonshire Park, where Trinity School now stands. In 1909, five years after becoming Carlisle United, the club moved to Brunton Park and have been residents ever since.

The stadium has a capacity of 18,202 and comprises both seated and terraced areas. The four stands are known as Main (West) Stand & Paddock, the East Stand, the "Waterworks" Petteril Stand and the Warwick Road End which usually hosts the most vocal supporters on match days. In the past the stadium has been the victim of severe flooding and a fire which burned down the wooden grandstand which stood until 1953.

In 2011, a plan was introduced to move to a 12,000 capacity all-seater stadium to be built in the Kingmoor Park area of the city which was to be locally known as project Blue Yonder. Though considerably smaller than Brunton Park, the new ground could be upgraded to a larger capacity if demand was met. An extension of this 12,000 capacity is thought to rely on the club achieving promotion to the Sky Bet Championship. The proposals have received mixed responses from Carlisle fans. There has since been no news as to whether the project has any advancement.

In December and January of the 2015–16 season, Carlisle played their home games at Deepdale in Preston, Bloomfield Road in Blackpool and Ewood Park in Blackburn, as Brunton Park recovered from flooding caused by Storm Desmond.

In December 2021, the club announced that the stadium capacity would be temporarily reduced to 9,999, after the government required attendees at events with a capacity of greater than 10,000 to show Covid certification.

Ownership
Carlisle United operates through the limited company Carlisle United Association Football Club (1921) Ltd which is currently controlled by local businessmen Andrew Jenkins, Steven Pattison and John Nixon, who have a controlling 74.6% stake in the club's holding company, CUFC Holdings Ltd. A minority (25.4%) stake is held by The United Trust, formed by supporters in 2001. Jenkins is the owner of local business Pioneer Foods while Pattison owns local Hardware company Carlisle Glass – Longhorn. Jenkins has been involved with Carlisle United for over fifty years and has served in various roles within the backroom during previous ownership. Nixon is former MD of Pirelli Tyres. Jenkins became the majority shareholder ahead of John Nixon and Steven Pattison, through the transfer of shares from former owner David Allen.

Allen, the owner of a local accountancy agency, left the board acrimoniously in 2009 when he made public a feud with fellow owners on the board stating "Unfortunately, a lot of people perceive elements within Brunton Park's hierarchy as an old boys' club that is not receptive of change. I am unhappy being associated with that as it is not my style either personally or professionally." Since Allen left the club has gone from strength to strength having two Wembley finals under their belt including winning the JPT in April 2011 also posting healthy profits. Carlisle United released plans to move to a modern all seater stadium, however these plans fell through. Recent years have seen the club stagnate and decline both in terms of league position and attendances. The club has recently gone through its longest period in history without promotion, the last being the 2005-06 season.

In 1992 property developer Michael Knighton bought the club which was then playing in Division Four, the lowest tier of the Football League. Then began a ten-year ownership in which much of the talk around the club concerned Knighton himself. At one point he was even featured in the local paper claiming to have seen a UFO, local paper the News and Star ran the story with the headline: 'Knighton: Aliens Spoke To Me'.

In 1997 Knighton dismissed popular manager Mervyn Day, who had won promotion to the Second Division and the Football League Trophy earlier that year. Knighton placed himself in charge of the club's management with the uncredited help of Dave Wilkes and John Halpin. The club was relegated to the English fourth tier that season and only narrowly avoided losing Football League status due to a last minute goal by goalkeeper Jimmy Glass in 1999. Knighton became increasingly unpopular with the fans in the following years and the supporters' 'United Trust' was formed to push for better ownership, this came in the form of John Courtenay after a seven month battle in July 2002, ending Michael Knighton's controversial 10 year reign

Supporters and rivalries
The main area of Carlisle support can be found within and around Carlisle itself and, due to being the only professional football club for a long distance, it attracts fans from across the county of Cumbria, South West Scotland and parts of West Northumberland. The club's supporters are known as the Blue Army. The most vocal supporters on match days reside in Brunton Park's Warwick Road End, known affectionately to the fans as 'The Warwick.' In addition to generic English football chants Carlisle's supporters sing "Proud to be a Cumbrian", "Super Carlisle from the North" and an adapted version of Peggy March's, "I Will Follow Him".

Carlisle's traditional rivals are Workington and Barrow. However, both clubs were voted out of the Football League in the 1970s and consequently competitive matches between the teams have been rare. Barrow were promoted back to the Football League in 2020, reinstating competitive matches between the two teams. Prior to 2008, the club's nearest professional football club was Gretna, owned by Carlisle United fan, Brooks Mileson. Gretna were residents of the Scottish Football League however and, therefore, the chance of meeting in competitive competition remained highly unlikely. Gretna was eventually liquidated in 2008.

In 2012, market research company FFC surveyed fans of every Football League club across the country to find who they consider their main rivals to be.  Carlisle United fans were unusually shown to consider the more distant Preston North End, Hartlepool United and Middlesbrough as their main rivals. This is most likely explained by the fact that the survey did not include the option of choosing non-league clubs.

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Player of the Season
Carlisle's Player of the Season award is voted for by the club's supporters.

Notable players

Hall of Fame
"A selection of the people we have all watched from the terraces, often in awe, through the ages here at Brunton Park." - carlisleunited.co.uk

Club management

Coaching positions

Notable managers

The following managers have all achieved honours with Carlisle United.
(n/a) = Information not available

Honours
League
Second Division (level 2)
Promoted: 1973–74
Third Division / League One (level 3)
Champions: 1964–65
Runners-up: 1981–82
Fourth Division / League Two (level 4)
Champions: 1994–95, 2005–06
Runners-up: 1963–64
Promoted: 1961–62, 1996–97
Play-off winners: 2023
Conference (level 5)
Play-off winners: 2005

Cup
Football League Trophy
Winners: 1996–97, 2010–11
Runners-up: 1994–95, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2009–10

Minor titles
Lancashire Combination Division One
Winners: 1907–08
Lancashire Combination Division Two
Winners: 1906–07
North Eastern League
Winners: 1921–22
Cumberland Senior Cup: 29
Winners (29): 1901–02, 1902–03, 1904–05, 1908–09, 1910–11, 1912–13, 1921–22, 1923–24, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1979–80,  1989–90, 1992–93, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2007–08, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2018–19

League history
To date Carlisle United have played 82 seasons in the Football League, their relegation in 2004 and reinstatement the following year remains the only departure from the Football League since the club was first admitted in 1928 (excluding wartime). United are currently the only club to have reached the final of the Football League Trophy on six occasions. This, alongside their two wins, makes them the most successful club in the competition's history. The club's highest achievement outside of cup competitions came in 1974 when the club was promoted to the first tier of English football and spent a short period of time at the top of the division. Carlisle still remains the smallest location in England, by local population, to have had a resident top-flight football team since 1906.

Club records

Highest League position: 22nd in Football League Division One (1st tier), 1974–75
Best FA Cup performance: Quarter-finals, 1974–75
Best Football League Cup performance: Semi-finals, 1969–70
Best Football League Trophy performance: Winners, 1996–97, 2010–11
Best FA Trophy performance: 5th Round, 2004–05
Best Anglo-Italian Cup performance: Group Stage, 1972
Record Victory: 8–0 vs. Hartlepools United Division Three North, 1 September 1928
Record Defeat: 1–11 vs. Hull City Division Three North, 14 January 1939
Most League Goals: 113, Division 4, 1963–64
Most Wins In a Row: 8 Wins, 1 October 2016 to 9 November 2016
Most league goals in a season: Jimmy McConnell, 42 goals, 1928–29
Most league goals in total: Jimmy McConnell, 126 goals, 1928–32
Most league appearances: Alan Ross, 466, 1963–79
Most capped player: Dean Furman, 58 caps, South Africa 2020–21
Record transfer fee: Joe Garner, £140,000 from Blackburn Rovers
Record sale: Matt Jansen, £1.5 million to Crystal Palace

Notes

References

External links

Association football clubs established in 1904
1904 establishments in England
Football clubs in Cumbria
Sport in Carlisle, Cumbria
Football clubs in England
Lancashire Combination
North Eastern League
English Football League clubs
National League (English football) clubs
EFL Trophy winners

Carlisle United F.C.


José Luis Aguilar y Cía. fue una editorial española, ubicada en Valencia y fundada por el editor homónimo, que en 1943 editó siete colecciones de tebeos. Destacó entre las de la posguerra española, por la lujosa presentación de sus productos, que combinada con la deficiente distribución hizo que tuviese tan breve vida.

Colecciones de tebeos

Véase también
 Escuela Valenciana

Referencias

Bibliografía

Editoriales de historieta de España
Escuela Valenciana de historieta

José Luis Aguilar y Cía.


Kata Poljičanin ( Seget Gornji,1885. – Zagreb 1974.), komunistička revolucionarka, učesnica NOR-a i društveno-politička radnica.

Životopis
Kata Poljičanin rođena je u Gornjem Segetu kraj Trogira (tadašnjoj Kraljevini Dalmaciji u sklopu Austro-Ugarske Monarhije), Hrvatica, domaćica. Učešće u NOR-u priznato joj je u dvostrukom stažu od 1941. Članica KPH. Bila je predsjednica Mjesnog odbora AFŽ Hrvatske - Gornji Seget te je krajem 1942.g. izabrana kao prva predsjednica Kotarskog odbora AFŽ Hrvatske - Trogir. Na toj dužnosti je do 02. ožujka 1943., kada je na 1. kotarskoj konferenciji u Sapinim Docima izabrana nova predsjednica - Marija Lozovina.

Poznata kao plemenita majka partizanka, Kata Poljičanin dala je veliki doprinos u radu među ženama.

Literatura

Izvori

Hrvatski komunisti do 1945.
Seget

Kata Poljičanin


Michael Richard "Mike" Pence () este un politician american, cel de-al 48-lea vicepreședinte al Statelor Unite ale Americii (20 ianuarie 2017 – 20 ianuarie 2021) și fost guvernator al statului Indiana (din 2013 până în 2017), fiind al 50-lea în această funcție.

Biografie
Născut și crescut în Columbus, Indiana, Pence a absolvit Hanover College. A fost ales membru al Congresului Statelor Unite ale Americii (parlamentul american) în anul 2000.

Note

Legături externe
 MikePence.com

Nașteri în 1959
Activiști ai mișcării Tea Party
Americani de origine germană
Americani de origine irlandeză
Americani în viață
Foști Romano-catolici
Guvernatori ai statului Indiana
Guvernatori statali republicani din Statele Unite ale Americii
Membri ai Camerei Reprezentanților SUA din statul Indiana
Nominalizări viceprezidențiale ale Partidului Republican al SUA
Politicieni americani din secolul al XX-lea
Politicieni americani din secolul al XXI-lea

Republicani din Indiana
Vicepreședinții Statelor Unite ale Americii

Mike Pence


Klukkublóm (fræðiheiti: Pyrola minor) er tegund blómplantna af lyngætt. Klukkublóm vex víða um norðurslóðir, meðal annars á Íslandi.

Útlit og einkenni
Klukkublóm hefur egglaga eða sporbaugótt græn blöð og smærri hreisturkennd háblöð inn á milli laufblaðanna og upp á stöngli. Blómin eru með stuttan blómstilk og eru borin nokkur saman í 1,5-3 cm löngum klösum. Krónublöðin eru hvítleit, oft með bleikum kanti, um 5 mm löng en bikarblöðin eru mun minni, 2 mm og dökkrauð. Blómin hafa eina frævu og tíu fræfla.

Klukkublóm líkist helst grænlilju (Orthilia secunda) en hún hefur grænni blóm á einhliða blómaxi. Bjöllulilja er stærri og með færri blóm auk þess að vera með skinnkenndari blöð með meiri gljáa á efra borði.

Útbreiðsla og búsvæði
Á Íslandi vex klukkublóm bæði á láglendi og upp í um 900 metra hæð, í skóglendi, lyngbollum, snjódældum og giljum.

Samlífi
Klukkublóm á Íslandi er þekktur hýsill fyrir klukkublómsryðsvepp.

Tilvísanir

Lyngætt
Plöntur á Íslandi

Klukkublóm


Levitation (from Latin , ) is the process by which an object is held aloft in a stable position, without mechanical support via any physical contact.

Levitation is accomplished by providing an upward force that counteracts the pull of gravity (in relation to gravity on earth), plus a smaller stabilizing force that pushes the object toward a home position whenever it is a small distance away from that home position. The force can be a fundamental force such as magnetic or electrostatic, or it can be a reactive force such as optical, buoyant, aerodynamic, or hydrodynamic.
Levitation excludes floating at the surface of a liquid because the liquid provides direct mechanical support. Levitation excludes hovering flight by insects, hummingbirds, helicopters, rockets, and balloons because the object provides its own counter-gravity force.

Physics
Levitation (on Earth or any planetoid) requires an upward force that cancels out the weight of the object, so that the object does not fall (accelerate downward) or rise (accelerate upward). For positional stability, any small displacement of the levitating object must result in a small change in force in the opposite direction. the small changes in force can be accomplished by gradient field(s) or by active regulation. If the object is disturbed, it might oscillate around its final position, but its motion eventually decreases to zero due to damping effects. (In a turbulent flow, the object might oscillate indefinitely.)

Levitation techniques are useful tools in physics research. For example, levitation methods are useful for high-temperature melt property studies because they eliminate the problem of reaction with containers and allow deep undercooling of melts. The containerless conditions may be obtained by opposing gravity with a levitation force instead of allowing an entire experiment to freefall.

Magnetic levitation

Magnetic levitation is the most commonly seen and used form of levitation. This form of levitation occurs when an object is suspended using magnetic fields.

Diamagnetic materials are commonly used for demonstration purposes. In this case the returning force appears from the interaction with the screening currents. For example, a superconducting sample, which can be considered either as a perfect diamagnet or an ideally hard superconductor, easily levitates in an ambient external magnetic field. The superconductor is first heated strongly, then cooled with liquid nitrogen to levitate on top of a diamagnet. In a powerful magnetic field utilizing diamagnetic levitation, even small live animals have been levitated.

It is possible to levitate pyrolytic graphite by placing thin squares of it above four cube magnets with the north poles forming one diagonal and south poles forming the other diagonal. Researchers have even successfully levitated (non-magnetic) liquid droplets surrounded by paramagnetic fluids. The process of such inverse magnetic levitation is usually referred to as Magneto-Archimedes effect.

Magnetic levitation is in development for use for transportation systems. For example, the Maglev includes trains that are levitated by a large number of magnets. Due to the lack of friction on the guide rails, they are faster, quieter, and smoother than wheeled mass transit systems.

Electrodynamic suspension uses AC magnetic fields.

Electrostatic levitation

In electrostatic levitation an electric field is used to counteract gravitational force. Some spiders shoot silk into the air to ride Earth's electric field.

Aerodynamic levitation

In aerodynamic levitation, the levitation is achieved by floating the object on a stream of gas, either produced by the object or acting on the object. For example, a ping pong ball can be levitated with the stream of air from a vacuum cleaner set on "blow" - exploiting the Coandă effect which keeps it stable in the airstream. With enough thrust, very large objects can be levitated using this method.

Gas film levitation
This technique enables the levitation of an object against gravitational force by floating it on a thin gas film formed by gas flow through a porous membrane.  Using this technique, high temperature melts can be kept clean from contamination and be supercooled.  A common example in general usage includes air hockey, where the puck is lifted by a thin layer of air.  Hovercraft also use this technique, producing a large region of high-pressure air underneath them.

Acoustic levitation

Acoustic levitation uses sound waves to provide a levitating force.

Optical levitation

Optical levitation is a technique in which a material is levitated against the downward force of gravity by an upward force stemming from photon momentum transfer (radiation pressure).

Buoyant levitation
Gases at high pressure can have a density exceeding that of some solids. Thus they can be used to levitate solid objects through buoyancy. Noble gases are preferred for their non-reactivity. Xenon is the densest non-radioactive noble gas, at 5.894g/L. Xenon has been used to levitate polyethylene, at a pressure of 154atm.

Casimir force
Scientists have discovered a way of levitating ultra small objects by manipulating the so-called Casimir force, which normally causes objects to stick together due to forces predicted by quantum field theory. This is, however, only possible for micro-objects.

Uses

Maglev trains

Magnetic levitation is used to suspend trains without touching the track. This permits very high speeds, and greatly reduces the maintenance requirements for tracks and vehicles, as little wear occurs. This also means there is no friction, so the only force acting against it is air resistance.

Animal levitation

Scientists have levitated frogs, grasshoppers, and mice by means of powerful electromagnets utilizing superconductors, producing diamagnetic repulsion of body water. The mice acted confused at first, but adapted to the levitation after approximately four hours, suffering no immediate ill effects.

Further reading
.

See also
Levitation (illusion)
Anti-gravity
Flight
Leidenfrost effect
Telekinesis
Weightlessness

References

External links

Diamagnetic Levitation (YouTube)
Superconducting Levitation Demos

Gravity

Levitation (physics)


ජන නැටුම් වලට විශාල නර්තන ශිල්පීන් පිරිසක් සහභාගී වේ, යුරෝපානු සම්භවයේ ජන නැටුම් පහත ගුණාංග වලින් යුක්තය.

නර්තනයේ මුල් ආරම්භය 19 වන ශතවර්ෂය හෝ ඊට පෙර.

රඟදැක්වීම බොහෝ විට සාම්ප්‍රදායික වන අතර, නිර්මාණය තුළ නව්‍යකරණය නොවේ.

 රඟදක්වනු ලැබුවේ වංශවතුන් නොවන සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාවයි.

 නිරායාස අංග චලනයෙන් ගොඩනැඟී ඇත. නිල වශයෙන් නර්තනය හා එහි ගුරුවරයා පිළිබඳ විස්තර නොදැක්වෙන අතර නියමිත වයස් කාණ්ඩයක් නොමැත.

ජන නැටුම් සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව රඟදැක්වුයේ පොදු උත්සව වලදී වන අතර, විශේෂ දැනුමක්  නොමැති ජනයා විසිනි. නවකයින්, නිරීක්ෂණයෙන් හා අනුන්ගේ ආධාරයෙන් ඉගෙන ගන්නා අතර, එය සමාජ ක්‍රියාකාරකමක් ලෙස සලකන අතර සමහර අවස්ථාවල වෘත්තීමය හා අර්ධ වෘත්තීමය නර්තන ශීල්පීන් හා නර්තන තරඟ ද පැවැත්වේ.

සටහන්

ජන නැටුම්


Rainer Pietsch (né le  à Walburg, mort le  à Munich) est un producteur de musique, auteur-compositeur et chef d'orchestre allemand.

Biographie
Rainer Pietsch est le fils d'un ténor et d'une professeur de musique. En 1953, il rejoint le chœur de l'église Saint-Thomas de Leipzig et fuit la RDA en 1958. Dans sa jeunesse, il est actif sur la scène musicale beat de Cologne et en 1962, il est membre fondateur du groupe de rock Ray & Typhoons, un précurseur de Bläck Fööss, dans lequel il joue avec des membres du dernier groupe. Après l'abitur en 1965, il enregistre son premier single un an plus tard. À partir de 1969, il travaille comme producteur et arrangeur chez Harvest Records et lance sa propre entreprise en 1971. En 1976 Pietsch fonde R.A.M Musikverlag et en 1979 AutoBahn Musikverlag Pietsch u. Co.

Il obtient le premier disque d'or en tant que producteur de musique en 1975 avec Michael Holm et le titre Tränen lügen nicht. Sa première participation au Concours Eurovision de la chanson est en 1975 avec Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein interprétée par Joy Fleming, dont il est le compositeur et dirige également l'orchestre le soir de l'événement. En 1984, il participe au Yamaha Music Festival avec le titre Don't break the silence et atteint la deuxième place.

Il dirige l'orchestre pour l'Allemagne au Concours Eurovision de la chanson de la chanson à trois reprises :
 1975 : Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein interprétée par Joy Fleming
 1985 : Für alle interprétée par le groupe Wind
 1990 : Frei zu leben interprétée par Chris Kempers et Daniel Kovac

Il est compositeur notamment pour Ingrid Peters, Jürgen Drews, Mary Roos, Michael Holm, Nicole, Rex Gildo ou Wind.

Références

Liens externes

Source de la traduction

Producteur allemand de musique
Arrangeur musical allemand
Chef d'orchestre allemand
Compositeur allemand
Naissance en avril 1944
Naissance en Hesse
Décès en août 1997
Décès à 53 ans
Décès à Munich
Naissance dans le Troisième Reich

Rainer Pietsch


Pol er et begreb indenfor matematikken.

Ved keglesnittene vil de punkter, der tillige med et givet punkt deler korder gennem det givne punkt harmonisk, ligge på en ret linje; det givne punkt kaldes pol for linjen som polar. Polaren går gennem rRøringspunkterne for de to tangenter fra polen til keglesnittet; til hver linje som polar svarer altså ét punkt som pol og omvendt. Går et punkt A's polar gennem et andet punkt B, vil B's polar gå gennem A. Ved en keglesnitsflade svarer til et vilkårligt punkt som pol en polarplan, defineret på samme måde som polaren og gående gennem røringskeglesnittet for den om keglesnitsfladen omskrevne kegleflade, der har toppunkt i polen. Den reciprokke polarfigur til en given figur med hensyn til en keglesnitsflade dannes af polerne og polarplanerne til den givne figurs planer og punkter. Til punkter i samme plan eller samme rette linje i den ene figur svarer i den anden figur planer gennem samme punkt ell. samme rette linje; dobbeltforhold i den ene figur er lige store med de tilsvarende dobbeltforhold i den anden. Fra egenskaber ved den ene figur kan man altså slutte sig til egenskaber ved den anden; denne metode til overførelse af sætninger, der skyldes Jean-Victor Poncelet, giver samme resultater som dualiteten, men tænker sig en bestemt indbyrdes beliggenhed af de dualistisk forbundne figurer. På analog måde kan man i en plan danne reciprokke polarfigurer med hensyn til et keglesnit i planen.

Teorien om pol og polar, hvis grundlag allerede findes i oldtidens græske geometri, er væsentlig opbygget af Philippe de La Hire og (for keglesnitsfladerne) af Gaspard Monge. Den er af Étienne Bobillier og Julius Plücker udvidet til alle plane algebraiske kurver og danner fundamentet for disses almindelige teori. Et punkt O har med hensyn til en kurve af n'te orden en 1. polarkurve af ordenen n—1, der går gennem røringspunkterne for tangenterne fra O til kurven, en 2. polarkurve af ordenen n—2, der afledes af den 1. på samme måde som denne af den forelagte kurve osv., endelig en retlinet n—1'te polar, polarlinien. På en vilkårlig sekant gennem O vil den reciprokke værdi af O's afstand fra skæringspunktet med polarlinien være middeltallet af de reciprokke værdier af O's afstande fra skæringspunkterne med kurven; falder O uendeligt fjernt, er polarlinien diameter for korder i retningen ud til O. Analoge definitioner bruges ved de algebraiske flader. I den sfæriske geometri forstås ved en storcirkels pol endepunkterne af diameteren vinkelret på storcirklens plan. Ved en pol for en funktion f(x) forstås et punkt i planen, hvis punkter fremstiller x's værdier, i hvilket f(x) bliver uendelig, medens 1/f(x) er kontinuert i punktets omegn.

Kilder

Matematisk analyse

Pol (matematisk)


Böhmermann-affæren er en politisk statsaffære omkring den tyske komiker Jan Böhmermann, som læste et digt højt i satireshowet Neo Magazin Royale i slutning af marts måned 2016, hvor han fornærmede den tyrkiske præsident Recep Tayyip Erdoğan med et profant sprogbrug.

Baggrunden for digtet var sangen "Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan", en sang som kritiserede Erdoğan i satireshowet Extra 3. Erdoğan ønskede af den tyske regering, at de forbød sangen. Svaret var en stor debat i Tyskland om Tyrkiet og pressefrihed . Jan Böhmermanns respons var skældsdigtet, hvor han som satiriker ville vise kunstens og pressefrihedens grænser. Han sagde udtrykkeligt, at et sådant digt er ulovligt i Tyskland, medens han læste digtet højt.

Erdoğan har anlagt sag mod komikeren for fornærmelse mod fremmed statsoverhoved og for injurier, StGB §103 og §104a.

Kilder

Tysklands politik

Böhmermann-affæren


Dünya Yalan Söylüyor, Mor ve Ötesi grubunun 30 Nisan 2004 tarihinde Pasaj Müzik etiketiyle çıkartmış olduğu albüm.

Albümün prodüktörlüğünü Tarkan Gözübüyük yapmıştır. Albüm, Türkiye'de en çok satan rock albümü unvanına da sahiptir. Satış miktarı ise 500.000 civarındadır. Albümde yer alan klavye ve cümbüşler ise Ozan Tügen'e aittir.

Albümdeki şarkılar
 Yardım Et (Şebnem Ferah ile düet.)
 Cambaz
 Bir Derdim Var
 Re
 Sevda Çiçeği
 Serseri
 Aşk İçinde
 Az Çok
 Son Deneme
 Uyan
 Gizli şarkı olarak albümün en sonunda 17 dakikalık e-bow ile çalınmış Bir Derdim Var doğaçlaması bulunmaktadır.

Mor ve Ötesi albümleri
2004 albümleri
Pasaj Müzik albümleri

Dünya Yalan Söylüyor


George Ignatius Brizan, CMG, CBE  (* 31. Oktober 1942 in Saint David; † 18. Februar 2012 in St. George's) war ein Politiker auf Grenada (National Democratic Congress) und Historiker.

Leben und Karriere
Brizan wurde am 31. Oktober 1942 in Saint David geboren. Er besuchte die St. Dominic's Roman Catholic Primary School und das Presentation Brothers College, sowie das Grenada Teachers College. Er studierte Pädagogik, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Geschichte an der University of the West Indies (Certificate of Education), der University of Calgary (Bachelor of Arts und Master of Arts in Geschichte und Wirtschaftswissenschaften) und der Carlton University (Master of Arts in Internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen).

Zwischen 1963 und 1984 war er im Öffentlichen Dienst von Grenada, schwerpunktmäßig in den Bereichen Bildung und Erziehung, tätig. Seine Tätigkeit im Öffentlichen Dienst begann er als Lehrer an der Grenada Boys' Secondary School (GBSS) und wurde später Dozent und Konrektor (Vice-Principal) des Institute for Further Education (IFE), jetzt T. A. Marryshow Community College. In der Position eines Chief Education Officer arbeitete er im Bildungs- und Erziehungsministerium (Ministry of Education) von Grenada. Seit den späten 1960er Jahren war er für jede Regierung Grenadas tätig. Als er in den 1990er Jahren Berater im Finanzministerium der Regierung von Keith Mitchell wurde, wurde er damit der bislang einzige frühere Premierminister, der für eine nachfolgende Regierung tätig wurde.

In den 1970er Jahren gehörte er dem New Jewel Movement an. Er kehrte zu ihm zurück als Regierungsbeamter (Government Education Administrator), bevor es zum Umsturz kam.

Brizan war auch als Autor aktiv und hielt Vorträge zur Geschichte der Insel. Er schrieb Grenada: Island of Conflict, das als bahnbrechende Arbeit über die Geschichte Grenadas gilt. Es behandelt den Zeitraum von den europäischen Siedlungen im 17. Jahrhundert bis zum Putsch im Jahre 1983 und der folgenden US-Invasion in Grenada. The Nutmeg Industry – Grenada's Black Gold beschäftigte sich mit dem Anbau der Muskatnuss auf Grenada. Er galt als Vorbild zahlreicher Studenten. Es war nicht unüblich, dass Studenten angaben, ein "Brizan" (also ein Wirtschaftswissenschaftler/Historiker) werden zu wollen.

Er trat 1984 in die Politik ein und wurde in drei aufeinanderfolgenden Legislaturperioden ins Repräsentantenhaus gewählt, zunächst für die New National Party. Brizan zählte 1984 zu den Begründern der National Democratic Party (NDP), die sich noch im selben Jahr mit drei anderen Parteien (Grenada National Party von Herbert Blaize und dem Grenada Democratic Movement von Francis Alexis) zur New National Party vereinigte. Nach den Wahlen im Dezember 1984 wurde er Minister. Im April 1987 traten George Brizan und ein weiterer Minister, Francis Alexis, zurück und verließen die NNP, um den New Democratic Congress (NDC) zu gründen. Brizan übernahm den Vorsitz. Unter Nicholas Brathwaite gewann der NDC die Parlamentswahlen 1990. Dieser war Brizans Nachfolger als NDC-Vorsitzender geworden.

Brizan übernahm mehrere Ministerämter. Zunächst war er als Finanzminister tätig. Am 27. April 1992 wurde er Landwirtschaftsminister. Auch war er (in beiden Positionen) Minister für Handel, Industrie, Produktion und Energie. Im Juli 1994 trat Braithwaite vom Parteivorsitz zurück und Brizan wurde am 4. September 1994 auf einem Parteitag zum Nachfolger gewählt. Als Nachfolger von Brathwaite wurde George Brizan am 1. Februar 1995 Premierminister und übernahm auch die Ministerien für äußere und nationale Sicherheit, Inneres, Landwirtschaft sowie Personal und Management. Er musste sein Amt jedoch nach dem Wahlsieg der NNP im Juni 1995 aufgeben. Am 22. Juni 1995 wurde Keith Mitchell sein Nachfolger; dieser hatte mit ihm zusammen das Presentation Boys College besucht. Brizans Partei war bei den Wählern in die Kritik geraten, da sie Einkommensteuern für Privatpersonen wieder einführte und harte wirtschaftliche Maßnahmen durchführte, um hohe Auslandsschulden, verringerte US-Hilfen und geringere Einkommen aus der Landwirtschaft auszugleichen.

Er war auch Präsident des African, Caribbean and Pacific Council of Ministers des Lomé-Abkommens und Vorsitzender (Chairman) des Standing Committee of Caribbean Community Ministers responsible for Agriculture.

Bei den Parlamentswahlen 1999 verlor Brizans Partei alle Sitze. Er war zu dieser Zeit Oppositionsführer seit 1995. Laut seiner eigenen Aussage hatten Meinungsverschiedenheiten innerhalb der Partei deren Image beschädigt. Zu dieser Zeit litt er bereits an gesundheitlichen Problemen. Er zog sich daraufhin aus der aktiven Politik zurück, blieb aber ein angesehener Experte.

Wirken in der Öffentlichkeit
Seine Arbeit im Bereich Bildung genoss unter Studenten hohes Ansehen.

Brizan galt als sehr beliebter Landwirtschaftsminister bei den Landwirten und den Mitarbeitern des Landwirtschaftsministeriums, die während seiner Amtszeit dort tätig waren. Er vertraute auf das Potential des Anbaus der Muskatnuss für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Landes. Damit stieß er aber auf wenig Anklang.

In seiner Amtszeit als Finanzminister führte er zwischen 1991 und 1994 ein Strukturanpassungsprogramm ein. Bei der Regierungsübernahme 1990 war Grenada nicht kreditwürdig. Die Weltpreise für Muskatnüsse brachen 1991 zusammen. Das Land stand vor einer wirtschaftlichen Krise. Das Strukturanpassungsprogramm erwies sich zwar nicht als populär, aber notwendig. Das Finanzministerium wurde in dieser Zeit durch die Einstellung qualifizierter Hochschulabsolventen und Mitarbeiter professionalisiert; die Kreditwürdigkeit wurde wiederhergestellt. Auch profitierte Grenada von Entwicklungshilfen der Europäischen Union. Nach seiner Amtszeit unterstützte Brizan die Regierung von Keith Mitchell dabei, die guten Beziehungen zur EU wiederaufzunehmen. Auch unterstützte er die Regierung von St. Vincent und die Grenadinen.

2005 erschien sein letztes Buch, She Stood Alone, das er zusammen mit seiner Tochter Jean Brizan verfasst hatte. Es handelt vom Beitrag von grenadinischen Frauen beim Aufbau der Nation.

Ehrungen
1971 wurde er mit einer Post-graduate Fellowship der University of Calgary geehrt. Er wurde 1974 Norman Paterson Fellow der Carlton University. Brizan erhielt 1981 den kanadischen International Development Research Centre Award.

In den 2009 New Year Honours wurde er zum Commander des Order of the British Empire ernannt. Auch ist er Companion des Order of St. Michael and St. George.

Familie und Tod
Brizan heiratete Jean, eine frühere Lehrerin und Angestellte des Bildungsministeriums. Zusammen haben sie vier Kinder.

Er starb am 18. Februar 2012 im General Hospital in St. George's im Alter von 69 Jahren nach längerer Krankheit. Er litt an Diabetes. Zuletzt drohte er zu erblinden.

Veröffentlichungen
 Free trade and the British West Indian sugar industry: an analysis of the Sugar Duties Act of 1846 and its effect on the sugar industry of Jamaica and Barbados, Verlag unbekannt, 1972, ISBN unbekannt (Dissertation)
 Canada and the Commonwealth Caribbean economic relations, 1966-1974, Verlag unbekannt, 1975, ISBN unbekannt (Dissertation)
 The Development of the Labour Movement in Grenada, Verlag unbekannt, 1975, ISBN unbekannt
 The indentured immigration scheme to Grenada, 1835-1895, Verlag unbekannt, 1976, ISBN unbekannt
 Inflation, the millstone around the worker's neck (Trade Union Council publication), Grenada Publishers, 1977, ISBN unbekannt
 The People's Tribune (Zeitung, 1978)
 The Nutmeg Industry - Grenada's Black Gold, Verlag unbekannt, 1979, ISBN unbekannt
 Grenada's Constitutional History - A Brief Sketch, Verlag unbekannt, 1979, ISBN unbekannt
 The Grenadian peasantry and social revolution, 1930-51 (Working paper), Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1979, ISBN unbekannt
 Recent Educational Reform in Grenada, 1979-81, Verlag unbekannt, 1981, ISBN unbekannt
 Creole and Immigrant-Aspects of Nineteenth Century Grenadian Society, Verlag unbekannt, 1981, ISBN unbekannt
 The Fedon Rebellion of 1795-96, Verlag unbekannt, 1982, ISBN unbekannt
 The Education Reform Process, Verlag unbekannt, 1982, ISBN unbekannt
 Grenada - Island of Conflict: From Amerindians to Peoples' Revolution, 1498-1979, Zed Books, 1984, ISBN 978-0-86232-230-4
 Performance of the Tourism Sector - First Six Months of 1985, St. George's, 1985, ISBN unbekannt
 Address to the nation, Minister of Agriculture and Tourism, 1985, ISBN unbekannt
 A testing time for all: The first year in government, United States Government Printing Office, 1986, ISBN unbekannt
 Development of the fisheries sector, Verlag unbekannt, 1986, ISBN unbekannt
 Autocracy, Repression and the Emergency Powers Act of 1987, Verlag unbekannt, 1987, ISBN unbekannt
 The agony of a Caribbean micro-state: Grenada in the 1970s, 1980s and beyond, Verlag unbekannt, 1989, ISBN unbekannt
 Education and human resource wastage: Grenada's situation, Verlag unbekannt, 1989, ISBN unbekannt
 They laboured in the vineyard: glimpses into Catholicism & Christianity in Grenada, Verlag unbekannt, 1997, ISBN unbekannt
 Neo-Mercantilism & the export of wealth, Verlag unbekannt, 1997, ISBN unbekannt
 Greatness through service to humanity: the English Dominicans in Grenada, 1901-2001, Verlag unbekannt, 2001, ISBN unbekannt
 Grenada: Fortitude and the Human Condition, CL Financial Limited, 2001, ISBN 978-976-8173-56-0 (mit Kwamina Brizan)
 Brave Young Grenadians: Loyal British Subjects: Our People in the First and Second World Wars, G. Brizan, 2002, ISBN 978-976-8054-53-1
 Education & productive work during the regime of the People's Revolutionary Government, Grenada, 1979-1983, Verlag unbekannt, 2003, ISBN unbekannt
 Black Gold Revisited: 22 years later: 2001, Verlag unbekannt, 2003, ISBN unbekannt
 St. George's: the prettiest town in the West Indies, Verlag unbekannt, 2004, ISBN unbekannt (mit Michael Jessamy)
 She Stood Alone: a tribute to the Grenadian woman, Verlag unbekannt, 2005, ISBN unbekannt (mit Jean Brizan)
 Policy Framework paper: Grenada's successful home-grown three-year structural adjustment programme 1992-1994, Verlag unbekannt, 2005, ISBN unbekannt
 The Development of the Labour Movement in Grenada, 1940-60: a preliminary analysis, Verlag unbekannt, Erscheinungsjahr unbekannt, ISBN unbekannt
 The Question of Foreign Economic Penetration, Verlag unbekannt, Erscheinungsjahr unbekannt, ISBN unbekannt
  Why the National Democratic Party is Opposed to Communism, Verlag unbekannt, Erscheinungsjahr unbekannt, ISBN unbekannt

Weblinks
 Biografie auf der Webseite der Regierung
 Artikel bei der Agency for Rural Transformation (ART)

Einzelnachweise

Premierminister (Grenada)
Finanzminister (Grenada)
Landwirtschaftsminister
Handelsminister (Grenada)
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Commander des Order of the British Empire
Companion des Order of St. Michael and St. George
Grenader
Geboren 1942
Gestorben 2012
Mann

George Brizan


Stuart Sender ist ein US-amerikanischer Drehbuchautor, Regisseur und Filmproduzent.

Leben
Sender arbeitete bei CBS News sowie als Produzent beim Fernsehsender PBS. Unter anderem produzierte er das erste Interview mit Nelson Mandela nach dessen Entlassung aus dem Gefängnis für die Phil Donahue Show. Zusammen mit seiner Frau Julie Bergman Sender betreibt er die Filmproduktionsfirma Balcony Films, die Dokumentarfilme, aber auch Werbespots produziert. 2003 wurde er für Kurt Gerron – Gefangen im Paradies für den Oscar nominiert.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Produktion
 1990: Nelson Mandela: Free at Last!
 1992: Beyond JFK: The Question of Conspiracy
 2002: Kurt Gerron – Gefangen im Paradies (Prisoner of Paradise) (auch Regie)
 2008: The Garden
 2010: Harmony (auch Regie)

Drehbuch
 2012: Für immer Liebe (The Vow)

Auszeichnungen
 2003: Oscar-Nominierung für Prisoner of Paradise

Weblinks

 Biografie (englisch)

Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Filmproduzent
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

Stuart Sender


est une station de la Port Liner du métro automatique de Kobe New Transit. Elle est située 7 Minatojima Minamimachi, dans l'arrondissement Chūō-ku de Kobe, dans la préfecture de Hyōgo au Japon.

Mise en service en 2006, elle est desservie par les rames des lignes Port Liner Aéroport.

Situation sur le réseau

Établie en aérien Keisan Kagaku Center est une station de passage de la ligne Port Liner Aéroport de Kobe New Transit. Elle est située entre la station Iryō Center, en direction du terminus nord Sannomiya, et la station Aéroport de Kobe, terminus sud.

Elle dispose d'un quai central encadré par les deux voies de la ligne.

Histoire
La station Keisan Kagaku Center est mise en service le , lorsque la compagnie Kobe New Transit ouvre à l'exploitation les , avec trois stations, du prolongement jusqu'à l'Aéroport de Kobe de sa ligne Port Liner de son métro automatique.

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil

Desserte

Intermodalité

À proximité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Kobe New Transit
 Port Liner

Liens externes
 .
 .

Station de métro mise en service en 2006
Station du métro Kobe New Transit
Port Liner

Keisan Kagaku Center (Kobe Port Liner)


قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1925:

فردي رجال

 رينيه لاكوست هزم  جان بورترا . النتيجة: 6-3 6-3 4-6 8-6

فردي سيدات

 سوزان لنغلن هزمت  جوان فري لايكمان. النتيجة: 6-2, 6-0

مراجع

أحداث 1925 الرياضية في لندن
أحداث يوليو 1925 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1925 الرياضية
كرة المضرب في 1925

بطولة ويمبلدون 1925


لبنى بنت خالد بن سلطان القاسمي (4 فبراير 1962 -)، هي أول وزيرة إمارتية عينت وزيرة للاقتصاد والتخطيط في 31 أكتوبر 2004 ثم أعيد تعيينها وزيرة لوزارة جديدة وهي وزارة التجارة الخارجية في 17 فبراير 2007 وفي سنة 2013 عينت وزيرة لوزارة التنمية والتعاون الدولي.
وبعد التشكيل الوزاري لحكومة المستقبل الذي قام به نائب رئيس الإمارات رئيس مجلس الوزراء حاكم دبي الشيخ محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم ، عٌينت في فبراير 2016 وزيرة دولة للتسامح.

نشأتها وتعليمها
لبنى القاسمي عضو من أعضاء العائلة الحاكمة في إمارة الشارقة، فهي ابنة أخت الشيخ سلطان بن محمد القاسمي حاكم الامارة.
تخرجت من الثانوية عام 1975 وكانت التاسعة على مستوى الدولة في القسم العلمي، بعدها سافرت للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية لتلتحق بالتعليم العالي وبذلك حصلت على درجة البكالوريوس في علم الحاسوب من جامعة تشيكو بولاية كاليفورنيا (CSUChico) عام 1981، بالإضافة إلى درجة ماجستير إدارة الأعمال التنفيذي من الجامعة الأمريكية بالشارقة في 2002. كما تحمل درجة الدكتوراه الفخرية في العلوم من جامعة تشيكو بولاية كاليفورنيا (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية)، والدكتوراه الفخرية في القانون من جامعة إكستر (بالمملكة المتحدة)، ودرجة الدكتوراه الفخرية في الاقتصاد من جامعة هانكوك للدراسات الأجنبية (كوريا)، كما حصلت القاسمي مؤخراً على الدكتوراه الفخرية في الآداب الإنسانية من الجامعة اللبنانية الأمريكية ( لبنان) .

حياتها قبل توليها الوزارة
عملت في سلطة موانئ دبي لمدة سبع سنين وكانت تدرس الماجستير في جامعة الشارقة بذات الوقت، ثم تولت أول منصب قيادي فعلي وهو إدارة شركة السوق الإلكتروني (تجاري دوت كوم) عام 2000 و نالت في السنة ذاتها جائزة سيدة تقنية المعلومات لعام 2000.
في ذات الوقت كانت القاسمي ناشطة في مجال تمكين المرأة والدفاع عن قضاياها فقد مثلت الإمارات في المنتدى الاقتصادي العالمي الذي يعقد كل سنة. وحضرت وناقشت في المنتديات التي عقدت في كل من نيويورك ودافوس، وتحدثت في الجلسات النقاشية، ورأست العديد منها.

وشغلت، قبل أن ترأس "تجاري"، منصب المدير المسؤول عن إدارة أنظمة المعلومات في سلطة موانئ دبي والمنطقة الحرة لجبل علي لفترة تزيد على سبع سنوات. وشغلت قبل ذلك منصب مدير فرع دبي في الهيئة العامة للمعلومات. وترأست لبنى القاسمي في عام 2001 الفريق التنفيذي لحكومة دبي الإلكترونية، والمسؤول عن مبادرات حكومة دبي الإلكترونية، والمعني بتطوير وتنظيم مبادرات الحكومة الإلكترونية في مختلف هيئات ومؤسسات القطاع العام. كذلك تشغل القاسمي منصب عضو مجلس إدارة غرفة تجارة وصناعة دبي، ومجلس أمناء كلية دبي الجامعية، ومجلس أمناء كلية الجودة الإلكترونية الشاملة، ومجلس أمناء كلية ثندربيرد، وكلية الدراسات العليا للإدارة الدولية- فينكس، ولاية أيرزونا- الولايات المتحدة، ومجلس أمناء جامعة زايد. اختارها موقع فوربس العالمي كأقوى الشخصيات النسائية في الشرق الأوسط لعام 2005.

انضمت لبنى القاسمي للحكومة الاتحادية عام 2004 كوزيرة للاقتصاد، مما يجعلها أول وزيرة سيدة تتقلد منصب وزاري في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. ثم تم تعيينها بعد ذلك وزيرة للتجارة الخارجية عام 2008، قبل أن تتولى منصب وزيرة التنمية والتعاون الدولي عام 2013، حيث تضطلع بمسؤولية دفع وتعزيز دور دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة كجهة مانحة رئيسية وطرف فاعل أساسي في مجال التنمية البشرية على الصعيد العالمي. وإلى جانب مهامها الوزارية، تشغل القاسمي عدة مناصب تشمل:
 عضوية مجلس إدارة مؤسسة الإمارات للطاقة النووية
 عضوية مجلس حوكمة كلية لي كوان يو للسياسة العامة بجامعة سنغافورة الوطنية
 عضوية مجلس أمناء كلية ثندربيرد
 عضوية مجلس أمناء كلية الدراسات العليا للإدارة الدولية بولاية أريزونا الأمريكية
 عضوية مجلس إدارة مؤسسة الإمارات لتنمية الشباب
 عضوية مجلس أمناء كلية دبي للإدارة الحكومية
 عضو مؤسس لجمعية أصدقاء مرضى السرطان

الجوائز والتشريفات
 حصلت الشيخة لبنى بنت خالد القاسمي على جائزة ITP للإنجازات الشخصيّة عام 2000.
 صنفت مجلة أرابيان بزنس الشيخة لبنى بنت خالد القاسمي كأقوى امرأة عربية في 2013، وحصلت على المرتبة 70 عالميا ضمن القائمة الرئيسة لأقوى الشخصيات العالمية النسائية التي ضمت 100 سيدة في العالم.
 صنفت في المرتبة 36 ضمن أقوى امرأة في العالم لعام 2007 في مجلة فوربس.
 حصدت جائزة القمة العالمية للموقع Tejari.com وذلك عام 2003.
 نالت لقب فخري عقيد كنتاكي عام 2003.
 حصلت على وسام فخري للسيدة القائد لرتبة الامبراطورية البريطانية عام 2013.

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الشارقة
حاصلون على الدكتوراه الفخرية من جامعة إكستر
سياسيات القرن 21
سياسيات في القرن 20
مسلمون إماراتيون
مواليد 1381 هـ
مواليد 1962
مواليد في إمارة دبي
وزراء اقتصاد إماراتيون
وزراء تجارة خارجية إماراتيون
وزراء تنمية وتعاون دولي إماراتيون
وزراء حكومة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
وزيرات إماراتيات
خريجو جامعة كاليفورنيا الولائية (تشيكو)
خريجو جامعة الشارقة الأمريكية
سياسيات إماراتيات

لبنى بنت خالد القاسمي


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Kral Yeongjo

Ölümler
 Bashō, Japon şair (d. 1644)

1694


A Convenção Batista de Hong Kong () é uma denominação cristã evangélica de igrejas batistas em Hong Kong. Ela é afiliada à Aliança Batista Mundial. A sede está localizada em Mong Kok.

História
A Convenção tem suas origens em uma missão americana dos Ministérios Internacionais em 1842.  Foi fundada oficialmente em 1938.  De acordo com um censo da denominação divulgado em 2023, ela disse que tinha 164 igrejas e 114,016 membros.

Escolas
Em 1951, ela fundou o Seminário teológico batista em Hong Kong.

Ela também fundou a Universidade Batista de Hong Kong em 1956, que se tornou uma universidade pública após a recomendação do governo de Hong Kong em 1994.

Serviços de Saúde
Ela fundou o Hong Kong Baptist Hospital em 1963.

Ver também
 Bíblia
 Novo nascimento
 Culto (Evangelicalismo)
 Jesus Cristo
 Igreja de crentes

Ligações externas
 Site Oficial

Confissões batistas na Ásia

Convenção Batista de Hong Kong


أوتسو، شيغا، مدينة في اليابان
 حادثة أوتسو، محاولة اغتيال لولي عهد روسيا نيقولا ألكساندروفيتش (نيقولا الثاني لاحقاً)

مدن محافظة شيغا

أوتسو (توضيح)