(; 'secularism') is the constitutional principle of secularism in France. Article 1 of the French Constitution is commonly interpreted as discouraging religious involvement in government affairs, especially religious influence in the determination of state policies. It also forbids government involvement in religious affairs, and especially prohibits government influence in the determination of religion. Secularism in France includes a right to the free exercise of religion.

French secularism has a long history: for the last century, the French government policy has been based on the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, which is however not applicable in Alsace and Moselle. While the term  has been used from the end of the 19th century to denote the freedom of public institutions from the influence of the Catholic Church, the concept today covers other religious movements as well.

Concept
 relies on the division between private life, where adherents believe religion belongs, and the public sphere, in which each individual should appear as a simple citizen who is equal to all other citizens, not putting the emphasis on any ethnic, religious, or other particularities. According to this concept, the government must refrain from taking positions on religious doctrine and consider religious subjects only for their practical consequences on inhabitants' lives.

It is best described as a belief that government and political issues should be kept separate from religious organizations and religious issues (as long as the latter do not have notable social consequences). This is meant to both protect the government from any possible interference from religious organizations and to protect the religious organization from political quarrels and controversies.

Proponents argue that  itself does not necessarily imply any hostility of the government with respect to any religion, asserting that French state secularism is actually based upon respect for freedom of thought and freedom of religion. Therefore, the absence of a state religion—and the subsequent separation of the state and church—is considered by proponents to be a prerequisite for such freedoms.

Proponents maintain that  is thus distinct from anti-clericalism, which actively opposes the influence of religion and the clergy. However, critics of  argue that it is a disguised form of both anti-clericalism and the infringement on the individual right to religious expression. Instead of promoting freedom of thought and freedom of religion, critics argue that it prevents the believer from observing his or her religion.

Another critique is that, in countries historically dominated by one religious tradition, the official avoidance of taking any positions on religious matters ultimately favors the dominant religious tradition of that country. Even in the current French Fifth Republic (1958–), school holidays mostly follow the Christian liturgical year, which includes Christmas and holiday seasons; though Easter holidays have been replaced by Spring holidays which may or may not include Easter, depending on the vagaries of the liturgical calendar. However, schools have long given leave to students for important holidays of their specific non-majority religions, and food menus served in secondary schools pay particular attention to ensuring that each religious observer may respect their religion's specific restrictions concerning diets.

History

The French word  comes from Latin , which is a loanword from the Greek  (, 'of the people'), itself from  (, 'people'). The French suffix  is equivalent to the English .
Secularism is a concept rooted in the French Revolution, beginning to develop since the French Third Republic after the Republicans gained control of the state.

While the term was originally the French equivalent of the term laity (i.e., everyone who is not clergy), this meaning changed after the Revolution, and came to denote the keeping of religion separate from the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government. This includes prohibitions on having a state religion and on the government endorsing any religious position, be it a religion or atheism.

From the end of the 19th century, the word  has been used in the context of a secularization process—among countries where the Catholic Church had retained its influence—to mean the freedom of public institutions (especially primary schools) from the influence of the Church. Today, the concept covers other religious movements as well. Secularism took form for the first time during the French Revolution: the abolition of the Ancien Régime in August 1789 was accompanied by the end of religious privileges and the affirmation of universal principles, including the freedom of opinion and equal rights expressed by the 1789 Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. The texts of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen were incorporated into the preamble to the Constitution of October 4, 1958. Among them is article 10 of the declaration "No one should be worried about his opinions, even religious, provided that their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law."

Public education has been secular since the laws of March 28, 1882, and October 30, 1886, which established "moral and civic instruction" in place of teaching religious morals and secularism of personnel and programs, respectively.

In the 19th century, secularization laws gradually separated the state from historical ties with the Catholic Church and created new sociopolitical values constructed on the principles of republican universalism. This process, which took place in a larger movement linked to modernity, entrusted the French people with redefining the political and social foundations: the executive, legislative and judicial powers; the organization of the state, its components, its representations; the education system, the rites of civil life, and the development of law and morality; regardless of religious beliefs. The Third Republic notably recreated the organization of the school system, by establishing public, secular, and compulsory education (Jules Ferry laws). The Jules Ferry laws (1881–1882) are supplemented by the Goblet law (established in 1886) on the organization of primary education, article 17 of which provides that education in public schools is exclusively entrusted to secular staff. This process culminated in 1905 with the Law of Separation of Churches and State, which solidified secularization.

1905 law and the Constitution of 1946–1958
Although the term was current throughout the 19th century, France did not fully separate church and state until the passage of its 1905 law on the separation of the Churches and the State, prohibiting the state from recognizing or funding any religion.

However, the 1905 law did not use the word  itself, and so the notion of  as a legal principle is open to question, as it was never defined as such by the text of a law. It was not until the Constitution of 1946 (i.e., the French Fourth Republic; ) that the word appeared explicitly as a constitutional principle entailing legal effect, but without being further specified. All religious buildings in France (mostly Catholic churches, Protestant chapels, and Jewish synagogues) became the property of the city councils. Those now have the duty to maintain the (often historical) buildings but cannot subsidize the religious organizations using them. In areas that were part of Germany at that time, and which did not return to France until 1918, some arrangements for the cooperation of church and state are still in effect today (see Alsace-Moselle).

Constitution of 1958–present
Secularism is a core concept in the French Constitution: Article 1 formally states that France is a secular republic ().

Current status and debate

The principle of  in France is implemented through a number of policies, primarily based on the 1905 law. The French government is legally prohibited from recognizing any religion (except for legacy statutes like those of military chaplains and the local law of Alsace-Moselle). Instead, it recognizes religious organizations, according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine:
 whether the sole purpose of the organization is to organize religious activities (so that, for instance, the pretense of being a religious organization is not used for tax evasion)
 whether the organization disrupts public order.

French political leaders, though not by any means prohibited from making religious remarks, mostly refrain from it. Religious considerations are generally considered incompatible with reasoned political debate. Political leaders are not allowed to practice any religion and are expected to differentiate whatever religious beliefs from their political arguments. Christine Boutin, who openly argued on religious grounds against a legal domestic partnership available regardless of the sex of the partners, quickly became the butt of late-night comedy jokes.

Many find that being discreet with one's religion is a necessary part of being French, which has led to frequent divisions with some non-Christian immigrants, especially with part of France's large Muslim population. As such, the debate has taken place over whether any religious apparel or displays by individuals (e.g., the Islamic hijab, Sikh turban, Christian crosses, and Jewish Stars of David and kippah) should be banned from public schools. Such a ban in France came into effect in 2004. In the spring of 2011, the official non-discrimination agency, la HALDE, reinforced  in hospitals—as advocated by the Minister of the Interior, Claude Guéant—and in public service generally. The simultaneous broadcasting of the traditional Protestant and Catholic Lent sermons (operating since 1946) has been interrupted. Earlier the broadcasting of the Russian Orthodox Christmas night liturgy was similarly stopped on 6/7 January.

The strict separation of church and state which began with the 1905 law has evolved into what some religious leaders see as a "form of political correctness that made bringing religion into public affairs a major taboo." Former President Nicolas Sarkozy initially criticized this approach as a "negative " and wanted to develop a "positive " that recognizes the contribution of faith to French culture, history, and society, allows for faith in the public discourse, and enables government subsidies for faith-based groups. Sarkozy saw France's main religions as positive contributions to French society. He visited the pope in December 2007 and publicly acknowledged France's Christian roots, while highlighting the importance of freedom of thought, arguing that faith should come back into the public sphere. On 12 September 2008, in line with Sarkozy's views on the need for reform of , Pope Benedict XVI said that it was time to revisit the debate over the relationship between church and state, advocating a "healthy" form of . Meeting with Sarkozy, he stated:

In 2009, Sarkozy changed footing on the place of religion in French society, as he publicly declared the burqa as "not welcome" in France, and favoring legislation to outlaw it. In February 2010, two people in burqas managed to pass the security doors of a post office in their full veils, after which the two removed their head coverings, pulled out a gun, and held up the post office. Following March 2011, local elections strong disagreement appeared within the governing UMP over the appropriateness of holding a debate on  as desired by the French President. On 30 March 2011, a letter appeared in  signed by representatives of 6 religious bodies opposing the appropriateness of such a debate.

A law was passed on 2011 April 11 with strong support from political parties, as well as from Sarkozy, which made it illegal to hide the face in public spaces, affecting a few thousand women in France wearing the niqab and the burqa.

Scholar Olivier Roy has argued that the burkini bans (2016) and secularist policies of France provoked religious violence in France (though the main islamist attacks happened in 2015, which evidencies the lacks of Roy's point of view), to which Gilles Kepel responded that Britain, which has no such policies, still suffered a greater number of attacks in 2017 than France.

Lebanese-born French author Amin Maalouf has criticized the characterization of France's political structure as truly secular, remarking: "I have never understand how a country that called herself secular could call some of her citizens 'French Muslims', and deprive them of some of their rights merely because they belonged to a religion other than her own."

Influence on other countries

Other countries have followed in the French model, having forms of secularism—examples include Albania, Mexico, and Turkey.

Quebec (Canada)

Public discourse in Quebec, the only predominantly French-speaking province in Canada, has been greatly influenced by the secularism of France since the 1960s. Prior to this time, Quebec was seen as a very observant Catholic society, where Catholicism was a de facto state religion. Quebec then underwent a period of rapid secularization called the Quiet Revolution. Quebec politicians have tended to adopt a more French-style understanding of secularism rather than the rest of Canada which is similar to the United States. This came to the fore during the debate on what constitutes the "reasonable accommodation" of religious minorities.

In September 2013, the government of Quebec proposed Bill 60, the "Charter affirming the values of State secularism and religious neutrality and of equality between women and men, and providing a framework for accommodation requests." The bill would alter the provincial human rights law to prohibit public employees from wearing objects that overtly indicate a religious preference. The people who would be most impacted by such a law would be Muslim women wearing a hijab, Jewish men wearing a kippah, and Sikh men (or women) wearing a turban. Employees who do not comply with the law would be terminated from their employment. The party that had proposed the bill, the Parti Québécois, was defeated in the 2014 election by the Quebec Liberal Party (who gained a majority of seats), which opposed the bill. As a result, the bill is considered 'dead'.

In 2019, Premier François Legault's CAQ government passed Bill 21, a secularism law banning public officials in positions of coercive power from wearing or displaying any religious symbols. However, the display of religious symbols affixed in public institutions like hospitals will be left for each administration thereof to decide. To counter charges of hypocrisy, the crucifix in the Quebec National Assembly was also removed.

Mexico
French  influenced the Constitution of Mexico despite the Catholic Church maintaining strong influence. In March 2010, the Chamber Deputies introduced legislation to amend the Constitution to make the Mexican government formally —meaning 'lay' or 'secular'. Critics of the move say the "context surrounding the amendment suggests that it might be a step backward for religious liberty and true separation of church and state".

Coming on the heels of the Church's vocal objection to legalization of abortion as well as same-sex unions and adoptions in Mexico City, "together with some statements of its supporters, suggests that it might be an attempt to suppress the Catholic Church's ability to engage in public policy debates." Mexico has had a history of religious suppression and persecution. Critics of the amendment reject the idea that "Utilitarians, Nihilists, Capitalists, and Socialists can all bring their philosophy to bear on public life, but Catholics (or religious minorities) must check their religion at the door" in a sort of "second-class citizenship" which they consider nothing more than religious discrimination.

Switzerland

Turkey

In Turkey, a strong stance of secularism () has held sway since Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Turkish revolution in the early 20th century. On March 3, 1924, Turkey removed the caliphate system and gradually after that, all religious influence from the state. Sunni Islam, the majority religion, is now controlled by the Turkish government through the Department of Religious Affairs, and is state-funded while other religions or sects have independence on religious affairs. Islamic views that are deemed political are censored in accordance with the principle of secularism.

This system of Turkish  permeates both the government and the religious sphere. The content of the weekly sermons in all state-funded mosques has to be approved by the state. Independent Sunni communities are also illegal. Minority religions, like Armenian or Greek Orthodoxy, are guaranteed by the constitution as individual faiths and are mostly tolerated, but this guarantee does not give any rights to any religious communities including Muslim ones. Turkey's view is that the Treaty of Lausanne gives certain religious rights to Jews, Greeks, and Armenians but not, for example, to Syrian-Orthodox or Roman Catholics, because the latter ones did not play any political roles during the treaty. However, the Treaty of Lausanne does not specify any nationality or ethnicity and simply identifies non-Muslims in general.

In 2009, the desire to reestablish the Greek Orthodox seminary on Heybeli Island near Istanbul became a political issue in regard to Turkey's accession to EU membership. The EU considers such prohibition to amount to suppression of religious freedom.

Contrast with the United States

In the United States, the First Amendment to the Constitution contains a similar federal concept, although the term laicity is not used either in the Constitution or elsewhere and is sometimes used as a term to contrast European secularism with American secularism. That amendment includes clauses prohibiting both congressional governmental interference with the "free exercise" of religion and congressional laws regarding the establishment of religion. Originally this prevented the federal government from interfering with state-established religions. However, after the 14th amendment, these clauses have been held by the courts to apply to both the federal and state governments. Together, the "free exercise clause" and "establishment clause" are considered to accomplish a "separation of church and state."

Nonetheless, separation is not extended to bar religious conduct in public places or by public servants. Public servants, up to and including the President of the United States, often make proclamations of religious faith. Sessions of both houses of the United States Congress and most state legislatures typically open with a prayer by a minister of some faith or other, and many if not most politicians and senior public servants in Washington, DC, attend the annual Roman Catholic Red Mass at the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle regardless of their personal religious convictions. In contrast to France, the wearing of religious insignia in public schools is largely noncontroversial as a matter of law and culture in the US; the main cases where there have been controversies are when the practice in question is potentially dangerous (for instance, the wearing of the Sikh kirpan knife in public places) and even then the issue is usually settled in favor of allowing the practice. In addition, the US government regards religious institutions as tax-exempt non-profit organizations, subject to limitations on their political involvement. In contrast to Europe, however, the government cannot display religious symbols (such as the cross) in public schools, courts, and other government offices, although some exceptions are made (e.g. recognition of a cultural group's religious holiday). The United States Supreme Court has also banned any activity in public schools and other government-run areas that can be viewed as a government endorsement of religion.

The French philosopher and Universal Declaration of Human Rights co-drafter Jacques Maritain, a devout Catholic convert and a critic of French , noted the distinction between the models found in France and in mid-20th century United States.
He considered the US model of that time to be more amicable because it had both "sharp distinction and actual cooperation" between church and state (what he called "a historical treasure") and admonished the United States, "Please to God that you keep it carefully and do not let your concept of separation veer round to the European one."

See also

Notes

References

External links

 One of the architects of the law against religious symbols in schools defends the liberalism of laicite in the Harvard Law Record
 The deep roots of French secularism, article by Henri Astier on BBC News online, Sept 1st, 2004
 Karakas, Cemal (2007): Turkey. Islam and Laicism Between the Interests of State, Politics and Society. Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF), Germany, PRIF-Report No. 78/2007.
 Conference on Laicite and secularism

Law of France
History of Catholicism in France
Religious policy
France

Secularism in France


An Rytidosperma tenuius in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni O.E.Erikss., A.Hansen och Per Øgle Sunding. An Rytidosperma tenuius in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rytidosperma, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rytidosperma

Rytidosperma tenuius


ටමාසික් (  පැරණි ජාවා භාෂාවෙන් 'මුහුදු නගරය' යන අර්ථය) යනු, නූතන සිංගප්පූරුව පිහිටි අඩවියෙහි,  ආදියෙහිදී තිබූ නගරයක නමකි . 14වන සියවසෙහි සිට, මෙම දිවයින '''සිංහපුර'''ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වුනු අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූයේ "සිංහ නගරය" යන අර්ථය දෙන සංස්කෘත පදයකිනි. පුරාවෘත්ත විසින් සඳහන් කරනුයේ,  1299දී සන් නීලා උතමා මෙම දිවයින වෙත පැමිණි විට, සිංහයෙකු මෙන් පෙනුණු නොදන්නා සතෙකු දුටු බවත් ඒ අනුව මෙම නම තැබූ බවත්ය.

මිථ්‍යා ප්‍රබන්ධ සහ පුරාවෘත්තයන් විසින් සිංගප්පූරුවෙහි ආදි ඉතිහාසය අපැහැදිලි කොට ඇතත්, පුරා විද්‍යාත්මක සාක්ෂි සහ සංචාරකයන් විසින් ලිඛිත ආශ්‍රයන් වෙතින් කිසියම් නිගමනයන් කරා එළැඹිය හැක. 14වන සියවස වන විට නාගරික-නොවුනු ජනාවාසයක් මෙම අඩවියෙහි පැවති බවට පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සාක්ෂි සැපයෙයි. සංචාරකයන්ගේ සඳහන් විසින් කිසියම් සාක්ෂි සැපයෙන්නේ, 2වන සියවස තරම් ඈත අතීතයෙහි මෙහි නගරයක් හෝ සුළු නගරයක් හෝ පැවැති බවයි. එහි ශ්‍රී විභූතිය පැවති කාලයේදී, නගරය සතුව මැටියෙන් තැනූ විශාල නගර ප්‍රකාරයක් සහ අගලක් තිබුණි; බොහෝ ගොඩනැගිලි ගල් සහ ගඩොල් අත්තිවාරම් සහිතව තනා තිබුණි. පැරණි මැටි භාණ්ඩ, කාසි, ආභරණ සහ අනෙකුත් මානවකෘති වල නෂ්ටාවශේෂ හමුවී ඇති අතර, මෙම මානවකෘති වලින් බොහෝමයක් චීනයේ, ඉන්දියාවේ, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, සහ ඉන්දුනීසියාවේ විවිධ පළාත් වලින් ආනයන කළ බවක් විශ්වාස කෙරෙයි. ප්‍රාදේශීය වෙළෙඳ කේන්ද්‍රයක් ලෙසින් නගරය පැවැති බවට මේවා සාක්ෂි ලෙසින් සමහරවිට සැලකෙයි. වඩාත් විශාල සේද මගෙහි කොටසක් වන ජලරුහ මගක්, ටමාසික් හරහා යයි.

7වන සිට 13වන සියවස දක්වා, සිංගප්පූරු දිවයින පාලනය කරනු ලැබුවේ සුමාත්‍රාව පදනම් කොට ගත් ශ්‍රීවිජය අධිරාජ්‍යය විසිනි. 14වන සියවසෙහිදී, බලකොටු නගරයක් සහ වෙළෙඳ කේන්ද්‍රයක් ලෙසින් ටමාසික් නිර්ගමනය වත්ම, ශ්‍රීවිජය අධිරාජ්‍යය දිගු පරිහානි කාල පරිච්ඡේදයකට පිවිස සිටියේය. මෝජපහි අධිරාජ්‍යය විසින් 1401දී නගරය යටත්කරගැනුම යම්තම් වැලකී ගිය අතර,  15 වන සියවසෙහිදී, මලක්කා සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍යයෙහි බලපෑමට නගරය නතු විය. 1511දී, පෘතුගීසීන්ට මලක්කාව අයත් වීමෙන් පසුව, මැලේ ජාතික  ජොහෝර් සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍යයේ පාලනයට නගරය නතු විය. .  බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් විසින් අල්ලාගැනීමේදී, පසුබසින ලෙස ටමාසික් සේනාංකය වෙත සියම රජ විසින් නියෝග කළේ, සියමයේ බටහිර දේශසීමාවෙහි තවත් ප්‍රදේශ අත්පත් කරගැනීමට අවස්ථාවක් ලබාගැනුමට එය භාවිතා කර ගැනීම වලක්වනු පිණිසය.

සිංගප්පූරුවේ ජාතික සම්මාන
ජනරජයේ වඩාත්ම වැදගත් ජාතික සම්මාන සඳහා නම් තබා ඇත්තේ බීන්ටන් ටමාසික් (ටමාසික්හී තාරකාව අත්‍යන්ත අන්තරායකාරී අවස්ථාවන්හිදී, විශේෂිත ධෛර්යයසම්පන්න සහ කුසලතාසම්පන්න ක්‍රියාවන් සිදුකෙරුම හෝ  රාජකාරිය වෙත ප්‍රකට ළැදියාව ප්‍රදර්ශනය කිරීම සඳහා) සහ දර්ජා උතමා ටමාසික් (ටමාසික්හී උත්තම පදවිය, රට වෙනුවෙන් විශිෂ්ට සහ විශේෂිත මෙහෙවර සඳහා) ලෙසිනි.

මෙම නම සහිත අනෙකුත් ආයතන:
 ටමාසික් හෝල්ඩිංස්
 ටමාසික් කණිෂ්ඨ ශාස්ත්‍රාලය
  සිංගප්පූරු ජාතික විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙහි ටමාසික් ජීවන විද්‍යා පරීක්ෂණාගාරය
  නැන්යැන් තාක්ෂණික විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙහි ටමාසික් පරීක්ෂණාගාර
 ටමාසික් බහුතාක්ෂණික ආයතනය
 ටමාසික් ද්වීතියික පාසැල
 ටමාසික් කුළුන

බාහිර සබැඳි

අ හිස්ට්‍රි ඔෆ් ද ලයන් සිටි  - මාර්ගගත පෙළපොතකින් එක් පරිච්ඡේදයක්.

සිංගප්පූරුවෙහි ඉතිහාසය

ටමාසික්


An Hemipilia discolor in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Leonid Vladimirovich Averyanov ngan Averyanova. An Hemipilia discolor in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hemipilia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hemipilia

Hemipilia discolor


This list includes both English-language films that were based on previously released foreign-language films and those that were not based on any previous film, but merely share a common source material.

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Filipino

French

German

Hebrew

Hindi

Hungarian

Icelandic

Italian

Japanese

Korean

Norwegian

Polish

Portuguese

Russian

Spanish

Swedish

Telugu

Thai

See also
 Lists of film remakes
 List of film remakes (A–M)
 List of film remakes (N–Z)

References

Lists of film remakes

List of English-language films with previous foreign-language film versions


De syngende hunde er en dukkefilm instrueret af Erling Wolter efter eget manuskript.

Handling
I et cirkus optræder en hundedressør og seks hund med numre fra C. Weismanns "Syngende hunde".

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1953
Dukkefilm fra Danmark

De syngende hunde


De 7 små dværge (originaltitel: The 7D) en Emmy-nomineret tegnefilmserie produceret af Disney Television Animation, der vises på  Disney Channel. Serien har tidligere været vist på tv-kanalen Disney XD.

Seriens karakterer er en genskabelse af figurerne fra Disneys tegnefilm fra 1937 Snehvide og de syv dværge og skildrer deres gøren og laden, før Snehvide kom forbi dværgenes hus.

Serien omfatter to sæsoner. I april 2016 oplyste 'co-executive producer' Tom Warburton, at sæson to blev den sidste.

Danske stemmer
 Flovmand - Simon Nøiers
 Brille - Johan Vinde
 Gnavpot - Michael Elo
 Lystig - Henrik Koefoed
 Søvnig - Lars Thiesgaard
 Prosit - Sune Svanekier
 Dronningen Herlig - Vicki Berlin
 Grim - Christian Damsgaard
 Grev Stivballe - Mads Knarreborg
 Hilda - Maja Iven Ulstrup
 Kagehus-Heks - Vibeke Dueholm

Titelsang synges af Thor Pedersen og Mit Thybo.

Animerede tv-serier fra Disney
Tv-serier for børn
Animerede tv-serier fra USA
Amerikanske tv-serier fra 2010'erne
Tv-programmer fra Disney XD

7D (tv-serie)


Aneuraceae, porodica jetrenjarki u redu Metzgeriales. Rod  Afroriccardia opisan je 2017., a u njega je uključena vrsta Afroriccardia comosa, koja je prvi puta opisana 1890. pod imenom Aneura comosa.

Rodovi
 Acrostolia Dumort.
 Afroriccardia Reeb & Gradst.
 Aneura Dumort.
 Cryptothallus Malmb.
 Lobatiriccardia (Mizut. & S. Hatt.) Furuki
 Pseudoneura Gottsche
 Riccardia Gray
 Riccardiopsis X.W. Wu & B.X. Li
 Riccardiothallus C.Q. Guo, D. Edwards, P.C. Wu, Duckett, Hueber & C.S. Li
 Sarcomitrium Corda
 Spinella Schiffn.
 Trichostylium Corda
 Verdoornia R.M. Schust.

Izvori

Metzgeriales
Biljne porodice

Aneuraceae


An Setaria pumila in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Jean Louis Marie Poiret, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johann Jakob Roemer och Schult.. An Setaria pumila in nahilalakip ha genus nga Setaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Setaria

Setaria pumila


The 1997 Miami tornado (also known as the Great Miami Tornado) was an F1 tornado which touched down in Miami, Florida, on May 12, 1997. It is remembered not for its minor damage, but for its haunting pictures which became the subject of worldwide press attention. The tornado was captured by an elevated camera operated by the local television station WPLG.

The tornado formed at 1:53 p.m. EDT, initially touching down in the Silver Bluff Estates area. It then swept through Downtown Miami bypassing the city's skyscrapers. It crossed the MacArthur Causeway and the Venetian Causeway towards Miami Beach, sideswiping the cruise ship MS Sovereign of the Seas. The tornado lifted from the water halfway through Biscayne Bay and touched down briefly again in Miami Beach, flipping over a car and then dissipating. The Storm Prediction Center in Oklahoma had noted the possibility for tornadoes in the area and warned that there might be more to come. The tornado ultimately caused 12 injuries and $525,000 in damage, though no injuries were serious. The tornado's passage also cut power to 21,000 people.

While hurricanes are often seen as the biggest weather threat to Miami, tornadoes are relatively common in South Florida, although the vast majority of the ones that strike Miami-Dade County are small, relatively weak F0 or F1 tornadoes. Most of these tornadoes form as either waterspouts off Biscayne Bay, as part of the frequent afternoon thunderstorms, or spawned from a tropical storm or hurricane. Tornadoes can and have occurred in every month of the year in Miami-Dade County.

See also
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Tornadoes of 1997

References

F0 and F1 tornadoes
Tornadoes of 1997
Tornadoes in Florida
1997 in Florida
May 1997 events in the United States

1997 Miami tornado


Die Liste der längsten Fernsehserien enthält Fernsehserien, die mindestens eines der folgenden Kriterien erfüllen:
 Serie mit mehr als 1000 Folgen
 Serie mit mehr als 20 Staffeln
 Serie, deren Produktion über 20 Jahre andauerte bzw. andauert.

Bei noch laufenden Produktionen ist kein Produktionsende angegeben, die Anzahl der Staffeln und Folgen kann damit zukünftigen Änderungen unterworfen sein.

Siehe auch
 Liste der am längsten laufenden Fernsehshows

Einzelnachweise

Liste (Fernsehsendungen)

Liste der längsten Fernsehserien


S82 ou S-82 peut faire référence à :
 Fracture de la jambe, y compris la cheville, d'après la classification internationale des maladies ;
 Narciso Monturiol (S-82), un sous-marin de la marine espagnole.

Voir aussi
 Sigles d'une lettre suivie de deux chiffres

S82


Arenas de José Ignacio ist eine Ortschaft in Uruguay.

Geographie
Sie befindet sich auf dem Gebiet des Departamento Maldonado in dessen Sektor  7. Arenas de José Ignacio liegt an der Atlantikküste rund zwei Kilometer östlich des Ortes José Ignacio.

Infrastruktur
Arenas de José Ignacio liegt an der Ruta 10.

Einwohner
Arenas de José Ignacio hatte 2011 38 Einwohner, davon 15 männliche und 23 weibliche. 2004 war Arenas de José Ignacio mit seinerzeit vier Einwohnern nach dieser Bezugsgröße noch die kleinste Siedlung des Departamentos.

Quelle: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

Weblinks
 Stadtplan von Arenas de José Ignacio (PDF; 105 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Departamento Maldonado

Arenas de José Ignacio


Gelsemium sempervirens, ili žuti jasmin, biljna vrsta iz porodice Gelsemiaceae raširena po jugu Sjedinjenih Država i Meksiku, dok se u Europi uzgaja kao ukrasni grm. U hrvatskom jeziku je poznata kao žuti jasmin, što je ime i za vrstu Chrysojasminum fruticans.

G. sempervirens je zimzelena penjačica koja brzo raste, i može narasti do 3 m visine. Cvate od svibnja do srpnja; hermafrodit je (ima i muške i ženske organe) i oprašuje se insektima.

Žuti jasmin je otrovna biljka koja sadrži amorfne tvari koje imaju učinak sličan drogi, a otrovanje je vrlo ozbiljno, i smrt može nastupiti nakon nekoliko sati.

Sinonimi
 Gelsemium lucidum Poir.
 Gelsemium nitidum Michx.
 Gelsemium nitidum var. inodorum Nutt.
 Jeffersonia sempervirens (L.) Brickell
 Lisianthius sempervirens Mill. ex Steud.
 Lisianthius volubilis Salisb.

Izvori

Gelsemiaceae
Otrovne biljke

Gelsemium sempervirens


La Saxifrage des Cévennes ou Saxifrage des Causses (Saxifraga cebennensis) est une espèce de plantes vivaces de la famille des Saxifragacées.

Liens externes

cebennensis
Espèce de Saxifragaceae (nom scientifique)
Dicotylédone de France
Cévennes

Saxifraga cebennensis


"Ce s-a întâmplat cu noi" este un cântec al cântăreței de origine moldovenească Irina Rimes. Melodia a fost creată de Irina alături de Alex Cotoi și Sava Constantin. Piesa a fost lansată împreună cu un videoclip pe 14 martie 2017 și este inclusă pe primul album de studio al interpretei, Despre el (2017).

Clasamente

Referințe

 Discografia Irinei Rimes
 Discuri single lansate de Irina Rimes
 Discuri single din 2017
 Cântece din 2017

Ce s-a întâmplat cu noi


The Rochester Americans (colloquially known as the Amerks) are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League; the team is an owned and operated affiliate of the Buffalo Sabres. The team plays its home games in Rochester, New York, at the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial. The Americans are the fourth oldest franchise in the AHL, and have the second longest continuous tenure among AHL teams in their current locations after the Hershey Bears.

Rochester was awarded a new franchise in June 1956, when the Pittsburgh Hornets were forced to suspend operations after their arena, the Duquesne Gardens was razed in an urban renewal project. With the Hornets franchise in limbo until a new arena could be built, there was room in the league for a team in Rochester.

The Americans' team colors are red, white and blue. The logo is a patriotic badge with "Americans" written in cursive script. They have won the Calder Cup six times, and lost in the Cup finals ten times.

History

Before the Amerks
Hockey was popular in Rochester, a city known for its cold weather, as far back as the 1920s; the University of Rochester had a collegiate hockey team as early as 1906, and even at that time, East High School had already developed a successful program.  Professional hockey arrived in 1935 in the form of the Rochester Cardinals, a member of the International Hockey League.  The Cardinals, who played at Edgerton Park Arena, lasted only one season, compiling a 15–29–3 record and a host of financial difficulties.

In the early 1950s, with the Rochester Community War Memorial under construction, Montreal Canadiens manager Frank Selke promised an American Hockey League team to Rochester at some point in the future, with 1956 one target year that was mentioned.  Demonstrative of the support for hockey in Rochester, 7,092 fans turned out for a game between the AHL Buffalo Bisons and the NHL Montreal Canadiens on November 21, 1955; the game ended in a 5–5 tie and sold out five days beforehand.  When 60-year-old Duquesne Gardens in Pittsburgh was scheduled for demolition in 1956, it left the Pittsburgh Hornets without an arena and forced them to go idle, freeing up room in the AHL for a Rochester team.

Prior to the AHL franchise, the Arpeako Packers played before thousands at the new Rochester War Memorial. Center Sam Toth and  Left Wing Ed House started the original group tasked to bring professional hockey to Rochester. The Central Hockey League was sold on Rochester as its next expansion city. The CHL told Toth and House the CHL was a league that promised more fans than the AHL due to the rougher, more violent product on the ice. Toth and House held out for the AHL and ended up losing out to the group backed by Canadians.

The AHL granted a group which included Rochesterians (and Amerks Hall of Fame members) Sam Toth and Ed House a conditional franchise for Rochester that June.  The terms required that the group raise $150,000 of capital, two thirds of which was to be raised by the sale of stock in less than two weeks.  When their effort to secure the funds failed to reach its goal, a new group, backed by Selke of the Canadiens and Conn Smythe of the Toronto Maple Leafs, was awarded the franchise.  The Leafs and Canadiens each owned 27.5% of the team, with the balance sold to Rochester interests. The team was named the "Americans".

Early years (1956–1967)

Upon entering the league for the 1956–57 season the Americans became a joint affiliate of both the Montreal Canadiens and the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League, though the club was operated by the Canadiens.  Under coach Billy Reay, the team finished in third place in the AHL standings and played the defending champion Providence Reds in the opening round of the Calder Cup playoffs. With Bobby Perreault in goal, the Americans defeated Providence and goaltender Johnny Bower in five games. Rochester then was defeated in a five-game final by the Cleveland Barons, who won the Calder Cup.

The Americans reached the playoffs in 1959, losing to the Buffalo Bisons in five games. The 1959 Americans were led by the "WHAM" line of center Rudy Migay, left wing Gary Aldcorn and right wing Billy Hicke. Migay and Hicke were named co-MVP for the AHL that season, and Hicke was chosen as the league's rookie of the year.

In the summer of 1959, the Maple Leafs bought out the Canadiens ownership share of the club, giving them a 55% controlling interest, due to concerns that with Montreal operating the club they were giving their prospects priority over those of the Leafs.  They purchased most of the remaining 45% in 1963, boosting their ownership share to 98% by November 1964.

In 1959–60, the Americans became the first team in American Hockey League history to win a playoff series after trailing three-games-to-none. The Amerks' comeback against the Cleveland Barons included the efforts of the veteran Migay, right wing Pat Hannigan and league-leading goaltender Ed Chadwick. A crowd of 7,762 at the War Memorial witnessed a 4–1 triumph in Game 7. Rochester went on to lose the Calder Cup finals in five games to Eddie Shore's Springfield Indians.

Following the 1960–61 season, in which the Americans failed to qualify for the playoffs, the Montreal Canadiens transferred their working agreement to the Quebec Aces of the American Hockey League and sent Rochester players Guy Rousseau and Claude Labrosse to Quebec. As the exclusive affiliate of the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Americans made the playoffs the next two seasons but never contended for the Calder Cup championship.

Beginning in 1963–64, former Americans defenseman Joe Crozier became the team's coach and general manager. Under Crozier, the Americans won the Calder Cup in 1965, 1966 and 1968 and were finalists in 1967; they are the only team in AHL history to appear in the Calder Cup finals in four consecutive seasons.

In 1965–66, the Americans played their final 10 regular season and all playoff home games at neutral sites because the 1966 American Bowling Congress tournament occupied the War Memorial. The home games were at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens, about  from Rochester, except for of one playoff game at Buffalo's Memorial Auditorium in the Calder Cup finals. On May 8, 1966, before a crowd of 7,655 at the "Aud" the Americans tied up the series at two games apiece with a 3–1 victory over the Cleveland Barons. Rochester went on to win the next two games and their second consecutive Calder Cup.

Notable players from this era included Bronco Horvath, Gerry Cheevers, Bobby Perreault, Al Arbour, Darryl Sly, Norm "Red" Armstrong, Duane Rupp, Wally Boyer, Dick Gamble, Stan Smrke, Jim Pappin, Don Cherry, Gerry Ehman, Larry Hillman, and Mike Walton. Alex Faulkner, the first person from Newfoundland and Labrador to play in the NHL, also played on the Amerks.

The expansion era (1967–1970s)
When the National Hockey League expanded from six to twelve teams for the 1967–68 NHL season the Americans lost several players. Arbour (St. Louis),  and Boyer (Oakland), were drafted by the new NHL teams. Ehman was traded to Oakland and Horvath was loaned to Minnesota.  Rupp and Walton were both promoted to the Maple Leafs while Smrke retired.

The Americans struggled through the early part of the 1967–68 AHL season. Just before Christmas, and with the team in last place with a record of 12-15-3, Crozier made a deal with the expansion Minnesota North Stars. In exchange for forwards J. P. Parise and Milan Marcetta the Americans received Ted Taylor, Len Lunde, George "Duke" Harris, Murray Hall, Don Johns, Carl Wetzel and the rights to Horvath. The return of Horvath marked his fourth tour of duty with the Amerks since 1956–57. The Americans improved to go 26-10-6 for the balance of the season en route to finish with the best record in the league. The regular-season champion Amerks then defeated the Hershey Bears four games to one in the playoff semi-finals and the Quebec Aces four games to two in the Calder Cup finals. The Amerks won the final game 4–2 before a crowd of 11,711 at the Colisée de Québec.

In July 1966, Maple Leaf Gardens Limited sold the team to a group which included their then general manager Punch Imlach for a reported $400,000.  Two years later, the team was sold to the Vancouver Canucks of the Western Hockey League (WHL) minor league for a reported $950,000.  Imlach was a part owner of the Canucks at the time.  With the majority of the Rochester players transferred to Vancouver, Canucks won the 1968–69 and 1969–70 WHL Lester Patrick Cup championships, while the Amerks finished in last place each year.  When Vancouver became the expansion Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League, they utilized the Amerks as their farm team.

After Rochester finished at the bottom of the AHL standings for four straight years and with local fan support dwindling, the Vancouver NHL team was prepared to either sell or fold the Rochester club. But the Americans were saved in the summer of 1972 when a group of eight Rochester businessmen, most notably Sam Toth, Richard Altier of Altier's Shoes,  and Joe Fox, head of Rochester-based athletic-wear maker Champion Products, bought the Americans franchise from Vancouver and named Amerks defenseman Don Cherry as coach and general manager. Playing the next two seasons independent of any NHL affiliations, the Amerks qualified for the playoffs in 1972–73, losing to the Boston Braves in the first round. The next season, 1973–74, the Amerks went on to become regular season champions, but lost in the first round to New Haven.

The Boston Bruins hired Cherry as their coach in 1974–75 and became the Americans' parent team the same year. During the five seasons with the Bruins, the Amerks made the playoffs the first four years, losing in the Calder Cup finals in 1977 to Nova Scotia.

Prior to the 1979–80 season, the Americans were purchased by the Knox family, owners of the Buffalo Sabres (NHL) and became the Sabres' AHL affiliate. After the Knox brothers died in the 1990s, the Americans and Sabres were split up, with the Sabres going to John Rigas and the Americans being sold to Steve Donner. Despite the sale, the original Buffalo-Rochester partnership became the longest such NHL-AHL affiliation, lasting until the 2007–08 season, and revived for 2011–12. The proximity of the cities of Buffalo and Rochester is a significant advantage in that the Sabres are able to call up and send down players between the two teams with ease, as the two cities are only an hour's drive away from each other; Buffalo is the closest NHL city to Rochester, while Rochester is the closest AHL city to Buffalo. (The Hamilton Bulldogs, which existed as an AHL franchise from 1996 to 2015, were closer geographically to Buffalo than Rochester is, but played on the other side of the U.S.-Canada border)

During the original Sabres affiliation, the Americans won three Calder Cup championships and finished as runners-up another six times. They finished out of the playoffs only five times in 28 years.

1980s–1990s
The Americans won the first of their "Sabres era" Calder Cups in 1983 under young coach Mike Keenan, sweeping Maine, 4–0.

In the 1986–87 season, the John Van Boxmeer-coached team won the division championship on the last game of the season against the Binghamton Whalers. The Americans were one point behind the Whalers and playing in Binghamton. After goalie Darcy Wakaluk paced the team to a tie in regulation and overtime, the game proceeded to the new "shoot-out" format used that season. As the shoot-out began, Van Boxmeer made one of the most memorable coaching moves in Americans history and pulled Wakaluk from the game, inserting usual starting goalie Darren Puppa who had sat out the game due to injury. Puppa stopped every shot and low-scoring defenseman Jack Brownschidle scored the winning goal. While the teams both finished with identical records (47-26-7), Rochester won the division based on having a better record in head-to-head competition.

The first round of playoffs saw the Americans play the rival Hershey Bears. However, the first two games were moved to the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium due to the Rochester War Memorial being previously booked for the Shrine Circus.

The second event of that memorable season occurred during pregame warmups of the second game. With no officials on the ice (a common occurrence at that time which was changed as a result of this game) a brawl broke out. Players from both teams received suspensions and tough-guy Andy Ristau received a concussion. The Americans won the game in overtime on a goal by defenseman Jim Hofford, who was a late addition to the lineup as a result of the brawl. The Americans went on to win the series, 4–1.

The Americans took on the Sherbrooke Canadiens in the finals and after five games found themselves down three games to two. Behind the leadership of NHL veteran Don Lever, the Amerks came from behind to win Game 6, 7–4, and won the championship in Sherbrooke.

After losing many players from that team to the NHL the following season, the Amerks struggled but returned to the finals in 1990 and 1991, losing both times to the Springfield Indians. They again lost in the finals to the Cape Breton Oilers in 1993.

After a very slow start in the 1995–96 season, the Americans came together midway through the season behind the dramatically improved goaltending of Steve Shields. The team breezed through the first three rounds of the playoffs before finally winning a hard-fought battle against the Portland Pirates to win their sixth, and most recent, Calder Cup.

2000s

In 2000, with the promotion of then-coach Brian McCutcheon to assistant coach with the Sabres, former Amerks player Randy Cunneyworth was named coach of the Amerks.

On November 12, 2003, the Sabres and the New Jersey Devils played in the first-ever NHL regular-season game in Rochester.

In the 2003–04 season, the Americans were beaten in five games by the eventual Calder Cup champion Milwaukee Admirals in the Western Conference Finals.

The Americans began a dual-affiliation in 2005 after signing an agreement with the Florida Panthers. Under this agreement the Panthers and Sabres both supplied the Americans with players while the Sabres still employed the coaching staff.

In 2007, the Sabres announced that season would be their last season of affiliation with the Americans. Reasons cited include the financial insecurity of the AHL team, issues between ownership, the City of Rochester, and Blue Cross Arena management, along with the awkwardness of the dual affiliation with the Panthers.

In 2008, the 29-year affiliation officially ended when Buffalo chose the Portland Pirates to be their new AHL affiliate. This separation lasted until 2011 when Terrence Pegula bought the Sabres and then later the Amerks, reuniting them shortly after the 2010–11 season concluded.

On May 6, 2008, the American Hockey League approved the sale of the Americans to Canadian businessman Curt Styres and his investment group, Arrow Express Sports. The sale also included the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League.

On May 13, 2009, Lewis Staats, president of the Americans, formally announced that Jody Gage would not return after 13 seasons as the team's general manager. Gage currently serves as the team's director of strategic planning.

2010s

The Americans notched their 2,000th win on February 21, 2010, in a shootout against the Portland Pirates. Derek Whitmore, from the Rochester suburb of Greece was the last shooter for Portland but goaltender Alexander Salak made the save.

Head coach Benoit Groulx left the organization on May 31 after a reported conflict with vice-president of hockey operations, Ted Nolan.

On May 17, 2011, it was revealed that Terry Pegula had signed a nonbinding letter of intent to purchase the Americans. Pegula, who had recently purchased the Buffalo Sabres desired to re-affiliate the two clubs. The potential purchase had to clear several financial and legal obstacles; first, Pegula had to seek the permission of the Sabres' then current farm team, the Portland Pirates, since the Pirates had an agreement with the Sabres that lasted through 2014 and had no out clause. Second, the Americans' corporate sister club, the Rochester Knighthawks lacrosse team, was split off and retained by Styres as Pegula owned the rival Buffalo Bandits. After these arrangements were made, the agreement was reached June 24, 2011, with the official announcement following the same day. Pegula purchased the Americans for US$5 million.

For the 2013–14 season, the Americans participated in that year's edition of the AHL Outdoor Classic played at Frontier Field against the Lake Erie Monsters immediately before leaving to take part in the 2013 Spengler Cup, the first time in 17 years that an AHL team participated (the Americans were also the participants in the 1996 Spengler Cup).

On July 28, 2015, Randy Cunneyworth was re-hired as the Americans' head coach, returning after being the head coach for the Americans from 2000 to 2008. Cunneyworth was relieved of his duties the following season on May 16, 2016 and reassigned to a position in the Sabres' department of player development. Dan Lambert was named the new head coach. Lambert was fired at the end of the 2016–17 season after a clearing out of the coaching staff and management in Buffalo.

For the 2017 season, it was decided by new Sabres general manager Jason Botterill, that the Americans would have their own general manager and be modeled after how Botterill's previous team, the Pittsburgh Penguins, operated the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. In June 2017, the Sabres' new assistant general manager Randy Sexton was also made the Americans' general manager and former Americans' player Chris Taylor was named head coach.

2020s
Sexton was fired on June 16, 2020, along with Botterill. Taylor and the coaching staff were later also fired. Seth Appert was later hired as coach with Jason Karmanos as general manager as part of his Sabres assistant general manager duties.

During the 2021–22 season, the Americans finished 5th in the North division, which was also the final playoff spot in the North division, clinching the position on the final day of the regular season. During the first round of playoffs, the Americans faced off against the Belleville Senators in a best of three playoff series. The Americans would win two of the three games, both in overtime, with both scores resulting in a 4–3 win for the Americans. With the series win, it was the first postseason series win in 17 years, with the last before that coming in the 2005 Calder Cup playoffs. In the following round, they would upset the North division and regular-season Eastern Conference champion Utica Comets in five games. They would face the Laval Rocket in the North Division finals, but would lose in three games, including a triple-overtime loss in the final game of the series.

The Americans once again qualified for the playoffs following the 2022–23 season, and finished third in the North division. In the division semifinals, they faced off against rival Syracuse. They initially went down 2–0 in the series, but were able to win three games in a row to advance to the division finals. The Americans faced off against the division-winning Toronto Marlies in the division finals, sweeping them, and advanced to their first conference finals appearance since the 2004 Calder Cup playoffs.

Season-by-season results

Affiliations

 1956–1960: Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs
 1960–1967: Toronto Maple Leafs
 1967–1968: Toronto Maple Leafs and Minnesota North Stars
 1968–1969: Toronto Maple Leafs and Vancouver Canucks (WHL)
 1969–1970: Vancouver Canucks (WHL)
 1970–1972: Vancouver Canucks (NHL)
 1972–1979: Boston Bruins

 1979–1980: Buffalo Sabres
 1980–1981: Buffalo Sabres and Quebec Nordiques
 1981–2005: Buffalo Sabres
 2005–2008: Buffalo Sabres and Florida Panthers
 2008–2011: Florida Panthers
 2011–present: Buffalo Sabres

Players and personnel

Current roster
Updated October 28, 2023.

|}

Retired numbers
The Rochester Americans have retired only two sweater numbers in their history.
Number six retired in honor of Norm "Red" Armstrong following his death from a fall in a construction accident in 1974 at age 35.
Number nine was later retired in honor of Dick Gamble and Jody Gage. Gage, known as "Mr. Amerk", broke Gamble's team scoring records with the Americans during his long tenure with the team. Gage then served as the Americans' general manager for 12 years, until May 2009.

Team captains

Head coaches
Asterisk denotes number of Calder Cups won

Franchise records and leaders

Single season
Goals: Paul Gardner, 61 (1985–86)
Assists: Geordie Robertson, 73 (1982–83)
Points: Geordie Robertson, 119 (1982–83)
Penalty minutes: Rob Ray, 446 (1988–89)
GAA: Martin Biron, 2.07 (1998–99)
SV%: Martin Biron, .930 (1998–99)

Career
Career goals: Jody Gage, 351
Career assists: Jody Gage, 377
Career points: Jody Gage, 728
Career penalty minutes: Scott Metcalfe, 1424
Career goaltending wins: Bob Perreault, 108
Career shutouts: Bob Perreault, 16
Career games: Jody Gage, 653

References

External links

The Internet Hockey Database – Rochester Americans

Boston Bruins minor league affiliates
Buffalo Sabres minor league affiliates
Ice hockey teams in New York (state)
Ice hockey clubs established in 1956
Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment
Ice hockey in Rochester, New York
Pegula Sports and Entertainment
Florida Panthers minor league affiliates
Montreal Canadiens minor league affiliates
Quebec Nordiques minor league affiliates
Toronto Maple Leafs minor league affiliates
Vancouver Canucks minor league affiliates
1956 establishments in New York (state)

Rochester Americans


Les Bratschenköpfe, constitués du Großer Bratschenkopf ( d'altitude) et du Kleiner Bratschenkopf ( d'altitude), sont deux montagnes dans le massif des Alpes de Berchtesgaden, en Autriche.

Géographie

Situation
Les montagnes se situent dans le chaînon du Hochkönigstock.

Ascension
Le Großer Bratschenkopf peut être atteint sans chemin depuis le nord à partir de la transition entre l'Arthurhaus et la Matrashaus. Le Kleiner Bratschenkopf à l'est peut être atteint par le même chemin (niveau de difficulté 1).

La voie d'escalade "Freier als Paul Preuss" créée par Albert Precht (première escalade en solo intégral en 1986, niveau de difficulté 6a, hauteur du mur de ) traverse la face sud du Großer Bratschenkopf.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Sommet des Alpes autrichiennes
Montagne dans le Land de Salzbourg

Bratschenköpfe


Gertrud Vasegaard (født Hjorth, den 23. februar 1913, død 7. juli 2007) var en dansk keramiker. Hun arbejdede fra 1949 som keramiker hos Bing & Grøndahl, hvor hun arbejdede med stentøj samt et testel i porcelæn fra 1956. Fra 1959 var hun selvstændig sammen med datteren Myre Vasegaard.

Hendes arbejder indeholder typisk enkle, store former med lineær ornamentik i geometriske mønstre. For Den Kongelige Porcelænsfabrik har Gertrud Vasegaard udført porcelænsstellene Gemina og Gemma (1959-62), der udgik af produktion i 1985.

Begge stentøjsstel har identiske former, men mens det rhombeformede ornament er stemplet ind i massen på Gemma, er det håndmalet i blå underglasur på Gemina. Hun har udstillet med Den Frie Udstilling og modtaget Eckersberg Medaillen, Thorvald Bindesbøll Medaljen og C.F. Hansen Medaillen. Testellet fra 1956 er optaget i Kulturkanon.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Keramikere fra Danmark

Gertrud Vasegaard


The Muppets Mayhem (Muppets e o Caos Elétrico no Brasil) é uma série de televisão via streaming americana baseado na franquia The Muppets criados por Jim Henson. A série foi desenvolvida por Adam F. Goldberg, Bill Barretta e Jeff Yorkes, para a ABC Signature e The Muppets Studio e estreou no Disney+ em 10 de maio de 2023.

A série é estrelada por Lilly Singh, Tahj Mowry, Saara Chaudry, Anders Holm e os artistas dos Muppets Barretta, Dave Goelz, Eric Jacobson, Peter Linz, David Rudman e Matt Vogel.

Premissa
A executiva júnior de A&R, Nora, deve lidar com a loucura causada por Dr. Dentuço e a Desordem Elétrica, que ficam cara a cara com o mundo da música moderna enquanto tentam gravar seu primeiro álbum de platina.

Elenco
 Lilly Singh como Nora Singh
 Tahj Mowry como Gary "Moog" Moogwski
 Saara Chaudry como Hannah Singh

Elenco dos Muppets
 Bill Barretta como Dr. Dentuço, David Cactus, Gerald Teeth, Jr.
 Leslie Carrara-Rudolph como Penny Waxman, chefe de Nora e ex-namorada do Dr. Dentuço.
 Dave Goelz como Zoot, Jimmy Shoe, Waldorf
 Eric Jacobson como Animal, Bebê Animal
 Peter Linz como Lips, Statler
 David Rudman como Janice
 Matt Vogel como Floyd Pepper, Jovem Floyd
 Stephanie D'Abruzzo como Tina Teeth, mãe do Dr. Dentuço
 David Bizzaro como Gerald Teeth, Sr., pai do Dr. Dentuço

Episódios

Produção

Desenvolvimento
Após uma apresentação no Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival de 2016, o artista e escritor Muppet, Bill Barretta desenvolveu um argumento de venda para uma série baseada em Dr. Dentuço e a Desordem Elétrica. Ao mesmo tempo, o fã dos Muppets, Adam F. Goldberg e o parceiro Jeff Yorkes começaram a desenvolver seu próprio projeto baseado nos personagens; eles estavam interessados em um projeto sobre a banda porque ele sentiu que sua falta de popularidade em comparação com outros personagens os permitia "fazer qualquer coisa com esses caras, porque as pessoas os conhecem o suficiente". Embora Yorkes originalmente tenha apresentado a ideia a Goldberg como um longa-metragem, ele sugeriu desenvolvê-lo como uma série. Os três finalmente começaram a trabalhar juntos para combinar suas ideias em uma única série.

Em 7 de fevereiro de 2022, foi relatado que a ABC Signature e o The Muppets Studio estavam desenvolvendo uma série de 10 episódios baseada em Os Muppets para Disney+. Intitulada The Muppets Mayhem, a série será escrita por Goldberg ao lado de Barretta e Jeff Yorkes; a série é a primeira a ser desenvolvida por Goldberg para a ABC após seu contrato com o estúdio em 2019. A decisão de desenvolver uma série baseada em Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem veio do sucesso de uma série de videoclipes no canal dos Muppets no YouTube. A série recebeu luz verde pouco antes de seu anúncio, após fechar acordos com os artistas dos Muppets. Goldberg e Barretta também são produtores executivos ao lado de Michael Bostick, Kris Eber e os executivos do The Muppets Studio, David Lightbody e Leigh Slaughter, enquanto Yorkes é coprodutor executivo.

Escrita
Os escritores da série incluem Julie Bean, Hannah Friedman, Crystal Shaw, Hans Rodionoff, Gabrielle Rodriguez e Danielle Maransky. De acordo com o produtor executivo Kris Eber, os cineastas abordaram a série como se fosse um longa-metragem de 5 horas. A série explora a história de fundo da Desordem Elétrica, que não foi retratada em projetos anteriores; os escritores trabalharam em estreita colaboração com os artistas dos Muppets para garantir que suas ideias permanecessem fiéis aos personagens.

A série terá um cenário mais fundamentado do que a maioria das produções dos Muppets, faltando elementos como "fruta falante", com Goldberg dizendo que o show iria "[contar] uma história normal no mundo real com os Muppets".  Goldberg disse que isso era porque queria retratar a banda como sendo "como pessoas reais, entidades reais que respiram e que podem existir no mundo real". O número de elementos e personagens Muppet presentes na série foi determinado de acordo com a naturalidade com que foram integrados na história, como o aparecimento dos coelhos Muppet, que Barretta descreveu como "algo que o Animal sempre teve". Embora as aparições de personagens como Kermit the Frog e Miss Piggy tenham sido consideradas, elas foram descartadas no início do desenvolvimento para manter a série focada em Desordem Elétrica. Yorkes disse que a comédia da série derivaria de como a banda só faz o que quer enquanto Nora tenta liderá-los na produção de seu álbum.

Fundição
Junto com o anúncio da série, foi relatado que Lilly Singh interpretaria Nora, uma executiva júnior lutando com o caos causado por Desordem Elétrica. Os artistas dos Muppets, Bill Barretta, Peter Linz, Eric Jacobson, Matt Vogel, David Rudman e Dave Goelz reprisaram seus papéis como membros do Electric Mayhem, Dr. Teeth, Lips, Animal, Floyd Pepper, Janice e Zoot, respectivamente. Em 5 de abril de 2022, foi confirmado que Tahj Mowry se juntou ao elenco. Em 9 de junho de 2022, Saara Chaudry e Anders Holm se juntaram ao elenco.

Filmagem
A produção de The Muppets Mayhem começou em 25 de abril de 2022 e terminou em 5 de agosto de 2022. Craig Kief atua como diretor de fotografia. Sohn e Kimmy Gatewood irão dirigir os episódios. Em 2 de julho de 2022, foi relatado que ocorreu um acidente no qual um caminhão da tripulação bateu em uma árvore na beira de um penhasco perto do Observatório Griffith.

Música

Linda Perry escreveu canções originais para a série, além de atuar como produtora musical executiva. A trilha sonora da série foi composta por Mick Giacchino. A série também apresenta covers de músicas pré-existentes. De acordo com Yorkes, as canções incluídas foram determinadas de acordo com como cada uma se encaixava na história de seu respectivo episódio.

Um álbum com canções da série foi lançado pela Walt Disney Records em 10 de maio de 2023, em conjunto com a série. Também está incluída na trilha sonora uma versão lírica do tema dos créditos finais, interpretada por Desordem Elétrica.

Transmissão
Todos os 10 episódios de The Muppets Mayhem foram lançados em 10 de maio de 2023, no Disney+.

Ligações externas

Programas de televisão dos Estados Unidos que estrearam em 2023
Programas originais do Disney+
Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Muppets
Reinícios de séries de televisão
Séries de televisão baseadas em cantores e músicos
Programas de televisão produzidos pela ABC Signature

The Muppets Mayhem


Esmee Visser (Leiden, Nizozemska, 27. siječnja 1996.) je nizozemska brza klizačica na dugim stazama.

Karijera
Klizačica se tijekom prosinca 2017. kvalificirala za utrku na 5000 metara za ZOI 2018. Uoči same Olimpijade, osvojila je europsko zlato ispred sunarodnjakinje i reprezentativne kolegice Carlijn Achtereekte. Tamo je ostvarila i osobni rekord na 3000 metara s vremenom 4.05:31.

Nizozemka je u svojem olimpijskom debiju u Pyeongchangu napravila veliko iznenađenje pobijedivši na 5000 metara (u najdužoj utrci ženskog programa), dvostruku olimpijsku pobjednicu i svjetsku rekorderku, Čehinju Martinu Sáblíkovu. Time je nizozemska brzoklizačka reprezentacija potvrdila svoju dominaciju u ovom sportu osvojivši sedam medalja u četiri discipline,  odnosno po jedno zlato svakog dana na ZOI.

Olimpijske igre

OI 2018. Pyeongchang

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Profil nizozemske brzoklizačice

Nizozemski brzi klizači
Olimpijski pobjednici u brzom klizanju

Esmee Visser


Masakiella, monotipski rod crvenih algi iz potporodice Corallinoideae, dio porodice Corallinaceae. Rod je opisan 2007. a jedina vrsta je M. bossiellae s Ruskog dalekog istoka (Japansko more).

Sinonimi
 Masakia bossiellae Kloczcova 1987

Izvori

Koralinske alge

Masakiella


Der Rotbeeren-Wacholder (Juniperus coahuilensis) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Er ist im Süden der USA sowie in Nord-Mexiko heimisch.

Beschreibung
Der Rotbeeren-Wacholder wächst als immergrüner Strauch oder Baum, der Wuchshöhen von bis zu 8 Meter und Brusthöhendurchmesser von bis zu 1 Meter erreichen kann. Als Baum ist er einstämmig, während sich die Strauchform bereits am Boden verzweigt. Die Äste gehen gerade oder aufsteigend vom Stamm ab und bilden eine flach-kugelige bis unregelmäßige Krone. Die graue bis braune Borke blättert in langen Streifen ab. Die Rinde der dünneren Zweige ist glatt, während die von dickeren Zweigen in Streifen oder gelegentlich auch in Flocken abblättert.

Die Art bildet zwei verschiedene Arten von Nadeln aus. Die grünem bis hellgrünen, schuppenartigen Blätter erreichen eine Länge von 1 bis 3 Millimeter. Sie sind gekielt und ihre Spitze ist spitz zulaufend. Sie überlappen sich nie oder nur bis zu einem Viertel ihrer Gesamtlänge. Die begeißelten Nadeln sind an der Nadeloberseite blaugrün gefärbt und werden 4 bis 6 Millimeter groß. Alle Nadeln haben gezähnte Blattränder und an ihrer Unterseite findet man elliptische oder eiförmige Drüsen von denen einige ein auffällig weiße, kristalline Flüssigkeit absondern.

Der Rotbeeren-Wacholder ist zweihäusig-getrenntgeschlechtlich (diözisch) und die Zapfen reifen nach einem Jahr. Die beerenförmigen Zapfen stehen an geraden Stielen und sind bei einer Größe von 6 bis 7 Millimeter kugelig bis eiförmig geformt. Zur Reife hin sind sie rosa, gelborange, orange oder dunkelrot gefärbt und werden von einer blaugrünlichen Schicht bedeckt. Jeder der fleischigen und süß schmeckenden Zapfen trägt ein bis zwei Samenkörner. Die Samen erreichen eine Länge von 4 bis 5 Millimeter.

Verbreitung und Standort
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet des Rotbeeren-Wacholder liegt im Süden der USA sowie im Norden Mexikos. Es umfasst in den USA die Bundesstaaten Arizona, New Mexico und das südwestliche Texas. In Mexiko findet man die Art nur im Bundesstaat Coahuila.

Der Rotbeeren-Wacholder gedeiht in Höhenlagen von 980 bis 2200 Metern. Man findet die Art vor allem in Grassteppen sowie auf daran angrenzenden, felsigen Berghängen. Vor allem in Arizona kommt es zur Bildung von Mischbeständen mit dem Utah-Wacholder (Juniperus osteosperma). Als weitere vergesellschaftete Arten können Opuntien (Opuntia) sowie Palmlilien (Yucca) auftreten.

Nutzung
Früher wurde das Holz zur Herstellung von Zaunpfählen genutzt.

Systematik
Die Erstbeschreibung als Juniperus erythrocarpa var. coahuilensis erfolgte 1946 durch Maximino Martínez in Anales del Institutó de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Série Biologia, Band 17, Nummer 1, Seite 115–116. Henri Marcel Gaussen beschrieb die Varietät im Jahr 1968 in Travaux du Laboratorie Forestier de Toulouse, Nummer 1(2/10), Seite 154 als eigenständige Art Juniperus coahuilensis.

Die Art wird in zwei Varietäten unterteilt:
 Juniperus coahuilensis var. arizonica  kommt in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas und im mexikanischen Bundesstaat Sonora vor. Eine von  Robert Phillip Adams im Jahr 2006 veröffentlichte Arbeit stützt mithilfe von DNA-Analysen die Annahme, dass die Varietät als eigenständige Art Juniperus arizonica  angesehen werden sollte.
 Juniperus coahuilensis var. coahuilensis ist die Nominatform  und kommt vom südwestlichen Texas bis ins nordöstliche Mexiko vor.

Im Big-Bend-Nationalpark sowie wahrscheinlich in der Nähe von Saltillo kommt es zur Hybridbildung mit Juniperus pinchotii.

Gefährdung und Schutz
Der Rotbeeren-Wacholder wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als "nicht gefährdet" geführt. Die Varietät arizonica wird ebenfalls als "nicht gefährdet" gelistet. Beide Varietäten kommen häufig vor und die Bestände scheinen sich zu vergrößern.

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

Wacholder

Rotbeeren-Wacholder


Grupul folk Poesis s-a format în anul 1977 la Constanța, fiind alcătuit inițial din Eugen Baboi, Marius Bațu și Dicran Asarian. Ulterior, Dicran Asarian a părăsit grupul pentru a lucra la teatrul de marionete din Constanța.

La sugestia lui Nicu Alifantis, Poesis se alătură în 1982 Cenaclului Flacăra, unde vor rămâne până în 1985, anul desființării Cenaclului.
Între anii 1985 - 1994, Poesis își întrerupe temporar activitatea, Marius Bațu emigrând în Germania și, apoi, în Canada, unde activează ca muzician profesionist. Grupul se reunește în 1994, iar în 1996 apare primul album de studio Poesis, Cântec șoptit. La scurt timp după lansarea albumului, Eugen Baboi se stabilește în Canada, unde lucrează ca inginer geolog și compune muzică de film și de televiziune.

În noiembrie 2007, la 30 de ani de la apariția grupului, apare Babilon, cel de-al doilea album Poesis, editat de A&A Records. Albumul este înregistrat parțial în România (în studioul Real Sound Studio al lui Victor Panfilov) și parțial în Canada (Joli Fou Recordings, Calgary). La el au contribuit Alexandru Andrieș, Mugurel Vrabete și Victor Panfilov.

La edițiile din 2008 și 2009 Poesis este prezent la festivalul din Vama Veche, iar în aprilie 2009 cântă pentru comunitatea românească din Canada, alături de Mircea Vintilă.

Pe 18 aprilie 2012 Poesis susține un concert special, la Teatrul Excelsior din Capitală, care marchează lansarea celui de-al treilea disc, Creanga de aur.

Referințe

Legături externe
 POESIS - Ce sa-ti aduc iubito de pe mare YouTube
 Despre muzica si poezie, cu un fiu ratacitor al folk-ului: Eugen Baboi (POESIS), formula-as.ro

Formații românești
Grupuri muzicale din România
Fondări în 1977

Poesis


القديس شربل (8 مايو 1828 - 24 ديسمبر 1898)، قديس لبناني. ولد في بقاع كفرا - قضاء بشري من لبنان الشمالي، في أعلى قرية من لبنان. أبوه انطون مخلوف وأمه بريجيتا عُرفا بتقواهما الصحيحة.

ترك يوسف بيت أبيه بعمر الثالث والعشرين وقصد الترهّب في الرهبانية اللبنانية المارونية. دخل الابتداء في دير سيدة ميفوق، ثم انتقل إلى دير مار مارون عنايا حيث أتم عامه الثاني من الابتداء. عينه الرؤساء تلميذا فأُرسِلَ إلى دير كفيفان حيث قضى ست سنوات في درس الفلسفة واللاهوت وتربّى هناك على أيدي رهبان قديسين، خاصة الآب نعمة الله الحرديني، المعروف «بقديس كفيفان». رسمه كاهنا، في بكركي، المطران يوسف المريض في 23 تموز 1859

أقام الأب شربل في دير مار مارون عنايا، بعد سيامته، مدة 16 عاماً، متمرساً بأسمى الفضائل الرهبانية. ولا سيما فضيلتي التواضع والطاعة.

وقد أجرى الله على يده في الدير آيات باهرة، منها «آية السراج» الذي ملأه له الخادم ماءً بدل الزيت، فأضاء له ساعات صلاته الليلية.

طلب من رؤسائه، بإلهام الله، الاستحباس في محبسة دير عنايا، فأذنوا له بذلك عام 1875، حيث قضى فيها 23 سنة.

لقد أطلق العنان، في المحبسة، لكل رغائب قلبه السخي العطاء. فضاعف أعماله التقشفية وزاد شغفاً بالتأمل والصلاة والاستغراق بالله، حتى أصبح «إنسانا سكران بالله»... ومن تقشفاته أنه كان يركع على طبق من قصب ذي حروف شائكة. يلبس المسح على جسده، ينام قليلاً ويصلّي كثيراً ويعمل في الحقل عمل اليد بموجب قانون الحبساء.

وما لبث أن انتشر عرف قداسته، فأخذ الناس يقصدونه لينالوا بركته ويلتمسوا منه شفاء أمراضهم وخصب مواسمهم. وقد أجرى الله على يده آيات عديدة في حياته.

وعام 1898، في الأسبوع السابق لعيد الميلاد، شرع الحبيس يتلو القداس كعادته. فما أن تلا كلام التقديس وبلغ إلى رفعة الكاس والقربان، تاليا صلاة «يا أبا الحق»، حتى أصابه عارض الفالج، فاستمر رافعاً الكأس والقربان وأصابعه متشنجة عليه. تمكن رفيقه الأب مكاريوس من نزع الكأس والقربان من يديه وحمله إلى غرفته. قاسى أوجاعاً مرة، مده ثمانية أيام، دون أن ينقطع عن إتمام قداسه، إلى أن أسلم روحه بكل هدوء مساء عيد الميلاد عام 1898.

دُفِنَ الأب شربل في مقبرة الدير العمومية. وقد شاهد أهلُ الجوار ليلة دفنه نورا يتلألأ فوق ضريحه، وتكرر ظهور النور طوال 45 ليلة.

ولكثرة الخوارق، أذن البطريرك إلياس بطرس الحويك بفتح قبره، فوُجدَ جسمهُ سالماً من الفساد، وجرى من خاصرته دم ممزوج بماء، وأخذ جثمانه ينضح عرقاً دموياً. أُعيد جثمانه إلى قبر جديد عام 1926.

وسنة 1950، في 22 نيسان، كشفت على الجثمان لجنتان طبيّة وكنسية. بان جثمانه سليماً صحيحاً، كما كان قبلاً، مغموراً بدمه الراشح منه.

وانتشر خبر هذه الظاهرة، فتهافت الناس ألوفاً إلى الدير. فتكاثرت حول الضريح حوادث الشفاء من أمراض متنوعة مستعصية. فضج لبنان والعالم بأخبار هذه الحوادث الخارقة، وتماوج الزوار في أروقة الدير كبحر زاخر، مصلين، تائبين، خاشعين.

وعام 1965، في ختام المجمع الفاتيكاني الثاني، رفعه البابا بولس السادس إلى شرف الإكرام على المذابح وأحصاه في مصاف الطوباويين. وقد تشيّدت على اسمه كينسةٌ في عنايا، قرب ضريحه، تُعدّ اليوم من أجمل كنائس الشرق.

في عام 1976، تم فتح القبر، وفي هذه المرة وجد الجثمان متحلل تماما وما بقي منه سوى العظام.

وقد أعلن البابا بولس السادس نفسه الطوباوي شربل قديساً في التاسع من شهر تشرين الأول 1977.

انظر أيضًا
 مارون الكبير.
 الكنيسة المارونية.

مراجع

صانعو عجائب
أشخاص من قضاء بشري
رهبان لبنانيون
رهبان مسيحيون في القرن 19
قديسون عفيفون
قديسون لبنانيون
قديسون موارنة
متنسكون لبنانيون
مدافن في لبنان
مواليد 1243 هـ
مواليد 1828
وفيات 1316 هـ
وفيات 1898
وفيات بسبب مرض دماغي وعائي

مار شربل


Maria Gloriosa, ou o Sino de Erfurt, é um conhecido sino da Catedral de Erfurt, lançado por Geert van Wou em 1497. O maior sino de balanço livre medieval do mundo, agora é balançado eletricamente. Foi soldado em 1985 para reparar uma rachadura, então, em agosto de 2004, o sino foi re-fundido devido a outra rachadura de 2001.

Diâmetro:, peso: 13 toneladas 15 cwts. [12555 kg], nota: E [norma 1497]. Alternativamente: 2570mm, 11450 kg, observe pelos padrões atuais: F-. Tem cerca de 2 metros de altura.

Como acontece com qualquer sino bem afinado, o tom de zumbido está perto de uma oitava abaixo do tom de batida, e todas as outras notas estão afinadas, incluindo a terça menor, quinta, oitava e terça e quinta maior na segunda oitava que podem ser ouvidas em grandes sinos.

Referências
Erfurt

Sinos

Maria Gloriosa (sino)


Below is a list of members of the Order of Merit from the order's creation in 1902 until the present day. The number shown is the individual's place in the wider order of appointment since the Order of Merit's inception;

References

Sources

John Piper Artist

List of members of the Order of Merit


Amt Jevenstedt er et amt i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i den vestlige/centrale del af Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde. Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten, og amtets administration er beliggende i byen Jevenstedt, men det har også kontorer i Westerrönfeld. Amt Jevenstedt ligger syd for Rendsborg ved Kielerkanalen.

Kommuner i amtet
 Brinjahe
 Embühren
 Haale
 Hamweddel
 Hörsten
 Jevenstedt
 Luhnstedt
 Schülp b. Rendsburg
 Stafstedt
 Westerrönfeld

Historie
Amtsbezirk Jevenstedt blev dannet 1. april 1889 af kommunerne Altenkattbek, Hörsten, Jevenstedt, Nienkattbek, Schülp b. Rendsburg, Schwabe og Westerrönfeld samt dele af Forstgutbezirks Rendsburg, dele af Stadtbezirk Rendsburg og et stykke af Wilden Moores. I 1928 blev dele af Westerrönfelds indlemmet i byen Rendsburg. Fra 1966 dannede Amt Jevenstedt et forvaltningsfællesskab med naboamtet Luhnstedt, med kommunerne Brinjahe, Embühren, Hamweddel, Luhnstedt og Stafstedt.

Ved områdereformen i 1970 blev amterne Jevenstedt og Luhnstedt lagt sammen. Dertil kom kommunen Haale fra Amt Lütjenwestedt. I 1974 blev kommunerne Gemeinden Altenkattbek, Nienkattbek og Schwabe lagt sammen med Jevenstedt. 1. januar 2001 genindtrådte kommunen Westerrönfeld i amtet.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Amt Jevenstedts websted

Jevenstedt

Amt Jevenstedt


Lago Argentino er vatn í Patagóníuhéraði Santa Cruz í Argentínu. Það er 1.415 km² og stærsta stöðuvatn í Argentínu.  Mesta breidd er 32 km. Meðaldýpt er 155 m og hámarksdýpt 500 m.

Vatnið er innan Los Glaciares-þjóðgarðsins á svæði með mörgum jöklum. Vatnasviðið er rúmlega 17.000 km² með fjölmörgum jökulám, bergvatnsám.  Þar á meðal  La Leonafljót sem rennur úr Viedmavatni. Santa Cruzáin rennur frá  Argentinovatni í Atlantshafið.

Jöklarnir, bærinn El Calafate og vatnið sjálft eru fjölsóttir ferðamannastaðir. Vatnið er eftirsótt af sportveiðimönnum og þar veiðist einkum vatnakarfi og silungur.

Til ársins 2000 var Lago Argentino einnig nafnið á flugvelli svæðisins . Sá flugvöllur er nú aflagður en flugbrautin var nýtt í vegakerfi borgarinnar. Núverandi  flugvöllur svæðisins heitir Comandante Armando Tola  og er bæði fyrir innanlandsflug og millilandaflug.

Dýralíf
Dýralíf í Argentinovatn er auðugt; bæði af fiski til spendýrum.

Fiskur
Galaxias maculatus og Percichthys, presumiblemente vinciguerrae eru tvær tegundir fiska í vatninu.

Spendýr
Mjög lítið er vitað um spendýr í Argentinovatni. Á níunda áratugnum fannst þó andesrefur (Lycalopex culpaeus) þar.

Loftslag
Í Argentinovatni er kalt eyðimerkurloftslag (BWk) samkvæmt flokkunarkerfi Köppen.

Stöðuvötn í Argentínu

Argentínovatn


__KEIN_INHALTSVERZEICHNIS__
Baduhenna ist eine germanische Göttin der Friesen, diese hatten ihr einen Hain geweiht.

Die einzige antike Quelle, die diesen Namen nennt, ist Tacitus, der berichtet, dass in der Nähe dieses Hains im Jahr 28 n. Chr. eine römische Einheit mit 900 Legionären von den Friesen vernichtet worden sei. Seit Karl Müllenhoff wird das Erstglied des Namens, Bad-, zu germanisch *badwa- = Kampf gestellt. Das zweite Glied wird mit der häufigen Auslautung -henae wie bei der Göttin Nehalennia und in den Matronennamen verglichen. Daher wird die Funktion der Göttin als eine Kampf- beziehungsweise Kriegsgöttin gedeutet. In der Figur der Baduhenna besteht vermutlich im Namen ein Bezug zu den mittelalterlich überlieferten keltisch-altirischen Bodb. Insbesondere durch die rezenten Forschungsergebnisse (Peter Schrijver, Lauran Toorians) zu keltischen Sprachschichten in den Niederlanden (Substrate) wird ein Einfluss auf die regionale germanische Namensbildungen gesehen, beziehungsweise könnte die Göttin eine mögliche Frühform der Bodb darstellen. Scheungraber rekonstruiert für Baduhenna eine keltische Vorlage der Entlehnungsstufe aus keltisch *Bodu(c)enna- = Kampf-Göttin.

Siehe auch
 Germanische Religion

Literatur
Quellen
 P. Cornelius Tacitus: Annalen. Lateinisch-deutsch. (= Sammlung Tusculum) Erich Heller (Hrsg.), mit einer Einführung von Manfred Fuhrmann. 6. Auflage. Artemis & Winkler, Mannheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-538-03542-3.
Forschungsliteratur
 Karl Helm: Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1913, S. 303f.
 Günter Neumann: Germanische Göttinnen in lateinischen Texten. In: Namenkundliche Informationen. 83/84, 2003, S. 41–54. Wieder in: Heinrich Hettrich, Astrid van Nahl (Hrsg.): Günter Neumann: Namenstudien zum Altgermanischen. (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde – Ergänzungsbände. 59). de Gruyter, Berlin/ New York 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020100-0, S. 226–237. (kostenpflichtig Germanische Altertumskunde Online bei de Gruyter).
 Corinna Scheungraber: Die komplexen Suffixe der rheinischen Matronennamen – Sprach- und Kulturkontakt zwischen Germanen, Kelten und Römern am Rhein. In: Hermann Reichert, Corinna Scheungraber (Hrsg.): Germanische Altertumskunde: Quellen, Methoden, Ergebnisse. Akten des Symposiums anlässlich des 150. Geburtstags von Rudolf Much. (= Philologica Germanica. 35). Fassbaender, Wien 2015, ISBN 978-3-902575-63-0, S. 239–253.
 Corinna Scheungraber: Baduhenna – keltische Göttin in germanischem Gewand? In: Elisabeth Gruber, Irina Windhaber (Hrsg.): Tagungsakten der Sektion "Onomastik und Historisch-vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft" der 39. Österreichischen Linguistiktagung (26.-28.10.2012).
 Rudolf Simek: Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie (= Kröners Taschenausgabe. Band 368). 3., völlig überarbeitete Auflage. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X, S. 35.
 Jan de Vries: Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Band 2., 3., unveränd. Auflage. de Gruyter, Berlin/ New York 1970, ISBN 3-11-085519-4, S. 318.

Weblinks
 Corinna Scheungraber: Forschungsbericht "Altgermanische Theonyme": Zur Germanisierung keltischer Götternamen

Anmerkungen

Germanische Gottheit
Weibliche Gottheit
Altfriesen

Baduhenna


Muntele Pelée (în ) este un vulcan activ din departamentul francez Martinica, care a intrat în istorie după erupția violentă petrecută în dimineața zilei de 8 mai 1902. Erupția a dus la producerea unui tsunami care a inundat orașul Saint-Pierre. O laterală a vulcanului s-a prăbușit, ducând la eliberarea de noroi și apă fierbinte peste fermele de zahăr și îngropând oamenii de vii. Erupția din Martinica a făcut cele mai multe victime dintre toate erupțiile din secolul XX, cu un total de 29.000 de morți.

Muntele Pelée este un stratovulcan care emite magmă prea vâscoasă pentru a produce scurgeri. Această magmă formează domuri de lavă în partea de sus a vulcanului, domuri a căror creștere este întreruptă periodic de alunecări de teren sau de explozii de gaze.

Erupția din 1902

În anul 1902, localitatea Saint-Pierre era socotită a fi cel mai mare oraș al insulei Martinica, centru comercial important din Marea Caraibilor. La 8 km de localitate se află Muntele Pelée, ce se traduce "Muntele Pleșuv", vulcan considerat stins de multă vreme. Craterul ce se află la o înălțime de 1.400 m găzduia un lac vulcanic. În anul 1902, printr-o crăpătura a muntelui și-a făcut apariția o coloană de fum gros, însoțită de zgomote înăbușite, dar acest incident nu a fost o îngrijorare pentru locuitorii pașnici ai zonei. Timp de câteva zile s-au succedat cutremure abia sesizabile, apoi alt nor de fum, ce a împrăștiat un strat de cenușă peste împrejurimi. În versantul Muntelui Pelée s-a format un nou vulcan, iar în craterul acestuia s-a acumulat un lac ale cărui ape aveau un conținut mare de sulf. Intensitatea vulcanică a devenit tot mai amenințătoare pentru localnici, astfel că mulți dintre ei și-au împachetat lucrurile și au părăsit orașul. Ca urmare a agitației telurice datorită vulcanului, un alt vulcan din cadrul aceluiași arhipelag, La Soufrière din insula Sf. Vincențiu s-a reactivat și el. Erupția acestui vulcan a potolit agitația locuitorilor Saint-Pierre, mulți dintre ei revenind în localitate. Dar pe 8 mai, Muntele Pelée a ajuns într-o fază critică și, până la urmă, o explozie nimicitoare a spulberat vârful muntelui. Norul de praf încins ce avea o temperatură de 1.200°C a izbucnit din crater, ucigând toți locuitorii din Saint-Pierre în doar două minute. Norul încins a șters de pe suprafața pământului toate edificiile, nelăsând în urmă decât ruine. Cenușa emana o căldură atât de mare încât la câteva ore de la explozie, nici vapoarele nu se puteau apropia de port.

Echipele de salvatori au venit de la Fort-de-France în după-amiaza aceleiași zile. Timp de 15 zile ruinele au fost scormonite în căutare de supraviețuitori. Patru zile mai târziu, echipele îl descopereau pe Louis-Auguste Cyparis despre care presa avea să scrie că e singurul supraviețuitor. În realitate, cu excepția celor de la bordul vasului Rovanna, au mai fost încă două persoane care au scăpat cu arsuri grave.

Orașul Saint-Pierre nu și-a mai revenit niciodată după dezastru. Populația actuală nu depășește 5.000 de locuitori. Muntele Pelée și-a continuat activitatea și în următoarele săptămâni, o a doua erupție venind în 20 mai și o alta foarte puternică în 30 august același an. Studierea fenomenului a dus la apariția unei noi științe, vulcanologia. Tot atunci au apărut în limbajul de specialitate și termenul de "nor piroclastic" (nuée ardente, în franceză), ca și acela de "erupție peléană".

Note

Bibliografie

Vulcani activi
Munți din America de Nord

Muntele Pelée


O Trem Perdido (em alemão: Verlorener Zug) também conhecido como Trem dos Perdidos (em alemão: Zug der Verlorenen) foi o último dos três trens originais usados para transportar prisioneiros do campo de concentração de Bergen-Belsen nos estágios finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando tropas aliadas se aproximavam da região. Entre 6 e 11 de abril de 1945, três trens de transporte com um total de cerca de 6.800 pessoas, tomados como reféns pela SS, foram embarcados e destinados ao campo de Theresienstadt, na Morávia.

O último desses três trens, carregado com  2.400 prisioneiros, finalmente parou na estrada aberta perto do município de Tröbitz, depois de cruzar partes desocupadas da Alemanha. Em 23 de abril de 1945, tropas avançadas do Exército Vermelho encontraram o trem e libertaram os prisioneiros dos vagões. Cerca de 200 deles não sobreviveram à viagem. Nas semanas que se seguiram, outras 320 pessoas morreram devido às doenças que se espalhavam sem controle, principalmente o tifo.

Os três transportes
Em março de 1944, Heinrich Himmler, ordenou que, se o inimigo avançasse nos campos de concentração, eles deveriam ser evacuados sob a orientação dos diretores regionais, dos oficiais da SS e da polícia alemã. Quando as tropas aliadas se aproximavam de uma região, os prisioneiros dos campos de concentração eram forçados pela SS a fazer marchas da morte ou às vezes eram transportados de trem para outros locais. Um dos destinos foi Bergen-Belsen, que logo ficou completamente lotado antes do final da guerra.

Prisioneiros judeus, às vezes com suas famílias inteiras, foram enviados para Bergen-Belsen em 1943 se fossem cidadãos de estados neutros ou inimigos ou tivessem conexões especiais por lá. Quando as tropas britânicas se aproximaram do campo, três trens com cerca de 45 vagões (em parte vagões de passageiros de terceira classe mais antigos, em parte vagões de carga) foram montados para o embarque de 6.800 prisioneiros entre 6 a 11 de abril de 1945. Eles seriam levados para o campo de concentração de Theresienstadt.

Uma evacuação do campo nunca fora planejada. Com o consentimento de Himmler, um acordo de armistício local foi firmado em 12 de abril de 1945 e o campo superlotado foi entregue ao Exército Britânico em 15 de abril de 1945. O primeiro desses transportes, com 2.500 pessoas, partiu da estação em Bergen-Belsen em 6 de abril de 1945. Sua rota corria ao sul e oeste do Elba via Uelzen, Salzwedel e Stendal. Outro transporte com 179 pessoas no dia seguinte foi ligado ao primeiro. Em 13 de abril de 1945, ele foi libertado pelas tropas americanas perto das cidades de Farsleben e Zielitz, perto de Magdeburg.

Um segundo trem de transporte com 1.712 pessoas, no qual havia principalmente judeus húngaros, partiu de Bergen-Belsen em 9 de abril de 1945 e, após uma viagem de duas semanas, chegou ao destino, o campo de concentração de Theresienstadt em 21 de abril de 1945. O campo de concentração de Theresienstadt foi libertado pelo Exército Vermelho em 8 de maio de 1945.

Cronologia

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O Trem Perdido
O último desses três trens, com 2.400 pessoas, foi montado em 9 de abril de 1945 na estação do campo com 24 vagões de passageiros de terceira classe mais antigos e 22 vagões de carga e deixou o campo de Bergen-Belsen infestado de tifo na noite de 11 de novembro de 1945, apenas cinco dias antes de sua libertação. No trem estavam judeus, homens, mulheres e crianças, de mais de doze nações.

A jornada por grandes partes evacuadas da Alemanha começou. Ele partiu primeiro para Soltau, Lüneburg e Büchen, depois seguiu em direção a Berlim, onde chegou em 18 de abril de 1945. De Berlim, o trem passou por várias estações ao redor da capital, seguindo para o sul, até Schipkau, onde fez uma escala de dois dias perto da autoestrada Berlim-Dresden. A viagem parecia estar no fim, já que o front oriental estava a apenas 30 quilômetros de distância e tropas aliadas se aproximavam pelo leste.

Nos últimos dias da guerra, o trem percorreu o corredor central da Alemanha, vazio devido aos conflitos. Nesta passagem, ele foi atacado por aviões voando baixo com tiros de metralhadora e bombas, o que também resultou em mortes no trem. O maquinista ordenou então que os vagões fossem cobertos com todos os lençóis e toalhas brancos que pudessem ser encontrados.

Por três vezes, o terceiro trem encontrou com o segundo, cuja rota era idêntica até pouco antes de Berlim: a primeira vez em Lüneburg, depois em Hagenow e em 17 de abril, pouco antes de Berlim. Na noite anterior, o segundo trem foi gravemente danificado em um ataque aéreo, resultando em mais de 50 mortes e cerca de 250 feridos entre seus ocupantes. No terceiro e último trem de transporte, as catastróficas condições sanitárias e higiênicas finalmente levaram a uma epidemia de tifo entre os prisioneiros enfraquecidos e às vezes gravemente doentes. Muitos morreram de doença ou fome durante a viagem. Quando o trem parou, as portas dos vagões foram abertas, os mortos foram descarregados e enterrados junto aos trilhos.

Em 20 ou 21 de abril de 1945, o trem, com bandeiras brancas hasteadas, passou por Tröbitz na direção de Falkenberg/Elster e parou em frente à ponte destruída de Elster, perto da vila de Langennaundorf no quilômetro 101. Em 22 de abril de 1945, 16 mortos foram enterrados lá em uma vala coletiva. Um memorial foi erguido no local em 1989.

Na manhã de 23 de abril de 1945, as tropas que avançavam da 1ª Frente Ucraniana do Exército Vermelho encontraram o transporte não muito longe de Tröbitz no quilômetro 106,7. O trem dividido fora levado para lá no dia anterior com uma pequena locomotiva da Beutersitzer Braunkohlenwerke a pedido da Wehrmacht, já que combates eram esperados na vizinha Reichsstraße 101 e alguns dos guardas já estavam indo na direção da locomotiva que empurrava o trem. Os soldados russos foram apresentados a uma imagem horrível, pois os mortos jaziam entre os sobreviventes em muitos vagões. Vinte e oito pessoas foram enterradas no local. No final, 198 pessoas morreram durante a viagem.

Campo de Concentração de Bergen-Belsen
Eventos de abril de 1945
Marchas forçadas
Holocausto

O Trem Perdido


El topónimo Fremont puede hacer referencia a varios lugares de Estados Unidos:

 Fremont, una ciudad en el estado de California;
 Fremont, un pueblo en el estado de Carolina del Norte;
 Fremont, un municipio en el estado de Dakota del Norte;
 Fremont, un municipio en el estado de Dakota del Sur;
 Fremont, un municipio en el estado de Illinois;
 Fremont, un municipio en el estado de Indiana;
 Fremont, un pueblo en el estado anterior;
 Fremont, una ciudad en el estado de Iowa;
 once municipios en el estado anterior:
 Fremont, en el condado de Benton;
 Fremont, en el condado de Bremer;
 Fremont, en el condado de Buchanan;
 Fremont, en el condado de Butler;
 Fremont, en el condado de Cedar;
 Fremont, en el condado de Clarke;
 Fremont, en el condado de Fayette;
 Fremont, en el condado de Hamilton;
 Fremont, en el condado de Johnson;
 Fremont, en el condado de Page;
 Fremont, en el condado de Winneshiek;
 Fremont, un municipio en el estado de Kansas;
 Fremont, una ciudad en el estado de Míchigan;
 cuatro municipios en el estado anterior:
 Fremont, en el condado de Isabella;
 Fremont, en el condado de Saginaw;
 Fremont, en el condado de Sanilac;
 Fremont, en el condado de Tuscola;
 dos municipios en el estado de Minnesota:
 Fremont, en el condado de Martin;
 Fremont, en el condado de Winona;
 Fremont, un lugar designado por el censo en el estado de Misuri;
 Fremont, una ciudad en el estado de Nebraska;
 dos pueblos en el estado de Nueva York:
 Fremont, en el condado de Steuben;
 Fremont, en el condado de Sullivan;
 Fremont, un pueblo en el estado de Nuevo Hampshire;
 Fremont, una ciudad en el estado de Ohio;
 Fremont, un lugar designado por el censo en el estado de Utah;
 la isla Fremont, en el estado anterior;
 Fremont, una villa en el estado de Wisconsin;
 dos pueblos en el estado anterior:
 Fremont, en el condado de Clark;
 Fremont, en el condado de Waupaca.

Fremont


Louis Brunhart (* 29. Dezember 1902 in Balzers; † 16. Januar 1980 ebenda) war ein liechtensteinischer Politiker (FBP).

Biografie
Brunhart war eines der acht Kinder von Gebhard Brunhart und dessen Frau Anna Maria (geborene Büchel). Er war als Bauunternehmer tätig. Von 1945 bis 1951 war er Pächter des Steinbruchs Balzers. Politisch in der Fortschrittlichen Bürgerpartei aktiv, gehörte er dem Landtag des Fürstentums Liechtenstein von 1939 bis 1945 als Abgeordneter an. Im Anschluss fungierte er von 1945 bis 1949 als Stellvertreter Abgeordneter. Von 1945 bis 1953 war Brunhart Mitglied der Verwaltungsbeschwerdeinstanz.

1931 heiratete er Theresia Nutt. Aus der Ehe gingen drei Kinder hervor.

Weblinks

 e-archiv.li, Landesarchiv Fürstentum Liechtenstein

Einzelnachweise

Landtagsabgeordneter (Liechtenstein)
FBP-Mitglied
Liechtensteiner
Geboren 1902
Gestorben 1980
Mann

Louis Brunhart


Piotr Starzyński, né le  à Katowice en Pologne, est un footballeur polonais qui évolue au poste d'ailier gauche au Górnik Łęczna, en prêt du Wisla Cracovie.

Biographie

En club
Né à Katowice en Pologne, Piotr Starzyński est formé par le Ruch Chorzów avant de rejoindre le Wisla Cracovie en août 2020, où il poursuit sa formation. Il joue son premier match en professionnel le 31 janvier 2021, lors d'une rencontre de championnat face au Piast Gliwice. Il entre en jeu à la place de Georgy Zhukov lors de cette rencontre perdue par son équipe (3-4 score final). Il inscrit son premier but en professionnel le 16 mai 2021, face au Piast Gliwice, lors de la dernière journée de la saison. Son équipe l'emporte cette fois par trois buts à deux.

Le 22 janvier 2022, jour de ses 18 ans, Piotr Starzyński signe un nouveau contrat avec le Wisla Cracovie. Il est désormais lié avec le club jusqu'en juin 2026.

Lors de l'été 2023, Piotr Starzyński rejoint le Górnik Łęczna sous la forme d'un prêt d'une saison, sans option d'achat. Le transfert est annoncé le 22 juin 2023.

En sélection
Avec les moins de 19 ans, il inscrit un but contre Malte, le 9 octobre 2021. Il délivre également une passe décisive à cette occasion. Ce match gagné sur le large score de 4-0 rentre dans le cadre des éliminatoires du championnat d'Europe des moins de 19 ans 2022.

Il joue son premier match avec l'équipe de Pologne espoirs contre la Lettonie, le . Il entre en jeu lors de cette rencontre qui se solde par la large victoire des siens (5-0 score final).

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur polonais
Joueur du Wisła Cracovie (football)
Joueur du Gornik Leczna
Naissance en janvier 2004
Naissance à Katowice

Piotr Starzyński


Dağıtılmış Bileşen Nesne Modeli ya da kısaca DCOM, Microsoft tarafından bilgisayarlar arasında dağıtılmış uygulamaların daha rahat yaratılabilmesi ve çalışabilmesi için yazılmıştır.

Windows 98 ve sonrası tüm Windows'lar ile standart olarak gelen bu yazılım, ağır ağır Microsoft .NET tarafından yutulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Microsoft DCOM ana sayfası
 MSDN DCOM ana sayfası
 Open Groups COMsource

Bileşen tabanlı yazılım mühendisliği
Koşutzamanlı hesaplama
İşlem (bilgisayar)
Windows bileşenleri
Bilgisayar ağları
Nesne yönelimli programlama
Uygulama programlama arayüzü
Windows iletişim ve hizmetleri

Dağıtılmış Bileşen Nesne Modeli


عبد الله فضالة رحمة السليطي (1900 - 15 أكتوبر 1967 )، مغني وملحن وشاعر كويتي.

السيرة
سجّل أول أسطوانة له في الهند في عام 1913، وتأثر بالموسيقى الهندية واليمنية، استخدم إيقاعات جديدة بالنسبة للأغنية الكويتية مثل البيانو ليجعل شهرة الأغنية تصل إلى دول الخليج العربي ومصر.
كتب الشعر بالعامية والفصحى، ويعتبر من أوائل شعراء الأغاني في الكويت، لحّن العديد من الأغاني الشعبية وساهم بتقديم فن السامري.
لحّن وغنّى أكثر من 500 أغنية معظمها من أشعاره.
قام بإحياء مع شعر الشاعر اليمني عبد الله بن علوي الحداد الذي نشره الشاعر الكويتي عبد الله الفرج، وقام بإحياء هذا الشعر مع زملائه محمود الكويتي وعبد اللطيف الكويتي وبعد ذلك فرقة تلفزيون دولة الكويت:.

في أغسطس 2001 قدمت الفرقة الوطنية الكويتية للموسيقى حفلة تحت عنوان ليلة عبد الله الفضالة الموسيقية تكريما له وإحياء لأغانيه.

المراجع

شعراء كويتيون في القرن 20
مغنون ومغنيات كويتيون
ملحنون كويتيون
مواليد 1318 هـ
مواليد 1900
وفيات 1387 هـ
وفيات 1967

عبد الله الفضالة