Dagfinn Vårvik (* 8. Juni 1924 in Leinstrand, Trondheim; † 25. März 2018) war ein norwegischer Journalist und Politiker der Senterpartiet, der unter anderem von 1972 bis 1973 Außenminister Norwegens und zwischen 1973 und 1977 Vorsitzender der Senterpartiet war.

Leben
Vårvik, Sohn eines Landwirts, begann nach dem Schulbesuch 1944 ein Studium der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, das er 1951 abschloss. Danach wurde er 1952 Sekretär der Fraktion der damaligen Bauernpartei (Bondepartiet), die sich 1959 in Zentrumspartei (Senterpartiet) umbenannte, im Storting und behielt diese Funktion bis 1961. Im Anschluss wurde Vårvik, der zwischen 1961 und 1965 Stellvertretendes Mitglied des Storting für Akershus war, Mitarbeiter bei Nationen, der Parteizeitung der Senterpartiet, ehe er zwischen 1963 und 1988 Chefredakteur dieser Zeitung war und diese Funktion auch während seiner Regierungsämter innehatte.

Am 28. August 1963 wurde er von Ministerpräsident John Lyng als Finanzminister in dessen bürgerliche Regierung berufen, die aus Mitgliedern der Høyre, Kristelig Folkeparti, Venstre und der Senterpartiet bestand. Lyngs Minderheitsregierung löste die dritte Regierung von Ministerpräsident Einar Gerhardsen ab, ehe Gerhardsen bereits am 25. September 1963 abermals Ministerpräsident wurde.

Nachdem sein Parteifreund Per Borten am 12. September 1965 Ministerpräsident wurde, berief dieser ihn zum Minister für Löhne und Preise in dessen bis zum 17. März 1971 amtierende Koalitionsregierung. Darüber hinaus wurde er 1967 stellvertretender Vorsitzender der Senterpartiet.

Am 18. Oktober 1972 wurde er zum Außenminister in die bürgerliche Minderheitsregierung von Ministerpräsident Lars Korvald berufen. Kurz vor seinem Amtsantritt fand die Volksabstimmung über einen Beitritt zur Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG) am 25. September 1972 statt. Das Amt des Außenministers bekleidete er bis zum Ende von Korvalds Amtszeit am 16. Oktober 1973.

1973 erfolgte seine Wahl zum Vorsitzenden der Senterpartiet. Damit wurde er Nachfolger von John Austrheim und behielt diese Funktion bis zu seiner Ablösung durch Gunnar Stålsett im Jahr 1977.

Weblinks
 Biografie in Store norske leksikon (Onlineversion)
 Eintrag auf der Homepage des Storting
 Dagfinn Vårvik på gamle trakter - møter Sigbjørn Johnsen. In: Nationen vom 28. Februar 2012

Einzelnachweise

Finanzminister (Norwegen)
Außenminister (Norwegen)
Minister (Norwegen)
Journalist (Norwegen)
Chefredakteur
Parteivorsitzender der Senterpartiet
Norweger
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 2018
Mann

Dagfinn Vårvik


Barkerville bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in Kanada:
 Barkerville (British Columbia), Hauptort des Cariboo-Goldrauschs im kanadischen British Columbia

in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Barkerville (Arizona), im Pinal County
 Barkerville (Kalifornien), im Lake County – nicht mehr existent, Geisterstadt
 Barkerville (Massachusetts), im Berkshire County
 Barkerville (South Carolina), im Hampton County

Barkerville


An Sobralia andreae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Louis Dressler. An Sobralia andreae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sobralia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sobralia

Sobralia andreae


Olaylar
 1737 - Osmanlı Devleti'nde Sadrazamlığa, Yeğen Mehmed Paşa'nın yerine Hacı İvazzade Mehmed Paşa getirildi.
 1829 - Yunanistan'ın kuruluşuna ilişkin protokol, Londra'da düzenlenen konferansta Avrupa devletleri elçilerince imzalandı.
 1888 - İngiltere'de, dünya futbolunun en eski futbol organizasyonu olan English Football League kuruldu.
 1921 - Kurtuluş Savaşı: Kuvâ-yi Milliye güçleri, Fransız ordusu birliklerini Feke'yi terk etmek zorunda bıraktı.
 1933 - İlk düzenli toplama kampı olan Dachau Toplama Kampı kuruldu.
 1939 - Memel, (günümüz Klaipėda ve civarı) Almanya'ya katıldı.
 1942 - II. Dünya Savaşı: İkinci Sirte Muharebesi (Kraliyet Donanması ile Regia Marina arasında meydana gelen deniz muharebesi)
 1943 - Türkiye ile ABD arasında, karşılıklı radyo yayın servisi açıldı.
 1944 - II. Dünya Savaşı: Monte Cassino Muharebesinde, Alman direnişi kırıldı.
 1945 - Mısır, Suriye, Lübnan, Ürdün, Suudi Arabistan, Irak ve Yemen, Kahire'de Arap Birliği'ni kurdular.
 1963 - Tarihin en iyi beş yüz albümü arasında gösterilen The Beatles'ın ilk albümü, Please Please Me piyasaya sürüldü.
 1963 - Yassıada duruşmalarında idama mahkûm edilen, ancak cezası müebbet hapse çevrilen eski Cumhurbaşkanı Celâl Bayar'ın, tahliye kararı çıktı.
 1967 - Güney Kore'de Daewoo şirketi kuruldu.
 1968 - Paris'te, Nanterre Üniversitesi'nde, ABD'nin Vietnam'da yürüttüğü savaşa karşı çıkan ve eğitimde reform yapılmasını isteyen öğrenciler, Daniel Cohn-Bendit'in liderliğinde üniversitenin birinci amfisini işgal ederek, "68 olayları"nı başlattı.
 1969 - Devrimci Milliyetçi Gençlik Kurultayı, İstanbul'da toplandı. Kısa adı FKF olan Fikir Kulüpleri Federasyonu lideri Yusuf Küpeli ile Deniz Gezmiş bir manifesto yayımladılar. "Tam bağımsız ve gerçekten demokratik Türkiye" hedefi için mücadele programını açıkladılar.
 1980 - Türkiye'de 12 Eylül 1980 Darbesi'ne Giden Süreç (1979- 12 Eylül 1980): TBMM'de yapılması gereken cumhurbaşkanı seçimi yapılmadı. 12 Eylül 1980'e kadar aylarca cumhurbaşkanı seçilmedi.
 1986 - Mehmet Ali Ağca, İtalya'da ömür boyu hapis cezasına çarptırıldı.
 1988 - Türkiye İmar Bankası T.A.Ş kuruldu.
 1993 - Intel Pentium satışa sunuldu.
 1995 - Irak'ın kuzeyindeki harekâtta, 3 bin PKK mensubu çembere alındı; 200'ü öldürüldü, sekiz asker öldü ve 11 asker de yaralandı.
 2001 - Diyarbakır DGM'de 5 yıl süren Yüksekova Çetesi davasında, 15 sanığa 3 ile 30 yıl arasında değişen hapis cezaları verildi.
 2003 - Hakkında üç ayrı gıyabi tutuklama kararı bulunan iş insanı Halil Bezmen, cezaevine konuldu.
 2006 - Zamanının yaşayan en yaşlı hayvanı olarak kabul edilen Adwaitya adlı kaplumbağa 256 yaşında öldü.
 2016 - Brüksel'de havalimanında gerçekleşen 2 patlamanın ardından, metro duraklarında da ikiz patlama meydana geldi. Saldırılarda en az 34 kişi hayatını kaybetti ve 136 kişi de ağır bir şekilde yaralandı.
 2017 - Birleşik Krallık'ın başkenti Londra'da bir saldırgan Westminster Köprüsü üzerindeki yayaları ezip, ardından Westminster Sarayı önündeki polislere bıçakla saldırıda bulundu. Saldırıda 7 kişi öldü, saldırıdan bir gün sonra IŞİD saldırıyı üstlendi.

Doğumlar
 1212 - Go-Horikawa, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 86. imparatorudur (ö. 1234)
 1394 - Uluğ Bey, Timur İmparatorluğu'nun 4. Sultanı, matematikçi ve gök bilimci (ö. 1449)
 1459 - I. Maximilian, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru (ö. 1519)
 1517 - Gioseffo Zarlino, İtalyan müzik teorisyeni ve Rönesans bestecisidir (ö. 1590)
 1599 - Anthony van Dyck, Flaman ressam (ö. 1641)
 1609 - II. Jan Kazimierz Waza, Polonya kralı ve Litvanya Büyük Dükü (ö. 1672)
 1709 - Giuseppe Zais, İtalyan Peyzaj ressamı (ö. 1784)
 1728 - Anton Raphael Mengs, Alman bir ressamdır (ö. 1779)
 1797 - I. Wilhelm, Prusya Kralı ve ilk Alman İmparatoru (ö. 1888)
 1818 - Heinrich Zollinger, İsviçreli botanikçi (ö. 1859)
 1822 - Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte, Hollanda Başbakanı (ö. 1902)
 1842 - Carl Rosa, Alman asıllı İngiliz opera besteci ve yöneticisi (ö. 1889)
 1857 - Paul Doumer, Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı (ö. 1932)
 1868 - Robert A. Millikan, Amerikalı fizikçi ve Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1953)
 1869 - Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipinler bağımsızlık mücadelesi önderi (ö. 1964)
 1872 - Salvador Toscano, Meksikalı film yapımcısı, yönetmeni ve dağıtımcısı (ö. 1947)
 1875 - Anton Hanak, Avusturyalı heykeltıraş (ö. 1934)
 1880 - Kuniaki Koiso, Japon asker ve siyasetçi (ö. 1950)
 1886 - Kálmán Darányi, Macaristan başbakanı (ö. 1939)
 1887 - Chico Marx, Amerikalı komedyen ve sinema oyuncusu (ö. 1961)
 1892 - Johannes Frießner, Alman Generaloberst (ö. 1971)
 1893 - Abbas Mirza Şerifzade, Azeri oyuncu ve yönetmen (ö. 1938)
 1896 - Joseph Schildkraut, Avusturyalı-Amerikalı bir aktör (ö. 1964)
 1905 - Grigori Kozintsev, Sovyet sinema yönetmeni (ö. 1973)
 1906 - Nurullah Berk, Türk ressam (ö. 1982)
 1907 - James Maurice Gavin, Amerikalı asker (ö. 1990)
 1909 - Nathan Rosen, İsrailli fizikçi (ö. 1995)
 1911 - Munis Faik Ozansoy, Türk bürokrat, şair ve yazar (ö. 1975)
 1912 - Karl Malden, Amerikalı oyuncu ve En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu Akademi Ödülü sahibi (ö. 2009)
 1913 - Sabiha Gökçen, Türk pilot (ö. 2001)
 1913 - Vartan İhmalyan, Ermeni asıllı Türk yazar ve Türkiye Komünist Partisi üyelerinden (ö. 1987)
 1917 - Ewald Cebula, Polonyalı eski millî futbolcu (ö. 2004)
 1918 - Cheddi Jagan, Guyanalı siyasetçi (ö. 1997)
 1920 - Fanny Waterman, İngiliz piyanist ve eğitimcidir (ö. 2020)
 1922 - Osman Fahir Seden, Türk yönetmen (ö. 1998)
 1923 - Marcel Marceau, Fransız pandomim sanatçısı (ö. 2007)
 1925 - Mustafa Ok, Türk asker ve siyasetçi (ö. 2009)
 1928 - Ed Macauley, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbol oyuncusu (ö. 2011)
 1929 - Yayoi Kusama, Japon sanatçı ve yazardır
 1930 - Stephen Sondheim, Amerikalı besteci ve söz yazarı
 1931 - Burton Richter, Amerikalı fizikçi ve Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi (ö. 2018)
 1931 - William Shatner, Emmy ve Altın Küre ödüllü film yapımcısı, yönetmen ve oyuncu
 1933 - Ebu'l-Hasan Beni Sadr, İran'nın 1. Cumhurbaşkanı
 1937 - Angelo Badalamenti, Amerikalı bir bestecidir (ö. 2022)
 1937 - Jon Hassell, Amerikalı trompetçi ve etnomüzikologdur (ö. 2021)
 1939 - Jorge Ben, Brezilyalı bir popüler müzisyen
 1940 - Haing S. Ngor, Kamboçyalı Amerikalı jinekolog, kadın doğum uzmanı, oyuncu ve yazar (ö. 1996)
 1941 - Bruno Ganz, İsviçreli sinema oyuncusudur (ö. 2019)
 1941 - Cassam Uteem, Mauritiuslu siyasetçi
 1943 - George Benson, Amerikalı gitarist, şarkıcı ve söz yazarı
 1945 - Eric R. Roth, Amerikalı senarist
 1947 - Érik Orsenna, Fransız politikacı ve roman yazarı
 1947 - James B. Patterson, Amerikalı psikolog
 1948 - Wolf Blitzer, bir Amerikalı gazeteci, haber sunucusu ve bir yazardır
 1948 - Andrew Lloyd Webber, İngiliz müzisyen
 1949 - Fanny Ardant, Fransız oyuncu
 1949 - John Toshack, Galli futbol adamı
 1950 - Hugo Egon Balder, Alman komedyen, oyuncu ve sunucu
 1950 - Goran Bregović, Bosnalı Sırp-Hırvat besteci, gitarist ve şarkıcı
 1955 - Lena Olin, İsveçli oyuncu
 1955 - Valdis Zatlers, Letonyalı siyasetçi ve doktor
 1956 - Maria Teresa, Büyük Dük Henri'nin eşi
 1959 - Carlton Cuse, Meksikalı yapımcı ve senarist
 1963 - Martín Vizcarra, Perulu bir mühendis ve politikacı
 1966 - Artis Pabriks, Leton siyasetçi
 1966 - António Pinto, Portekizli sporcu
 1967 - Hiroaki Nagashima, Japon futbolcu
 1968 - Euronymous (Øystein Aarseth), Norveçli gitarist ve Mayhem'in kurucularından (ö. 1993)
 1968 - Mübariz Mansimov, Azeri asıllı Türk iş insanı
 1969 - Tuna Arman, Türk oyuncu
 1970 - Anja Kling, Alman oyuncu
 1972 - Shawn Bradley, Amerikalı emekli basketbolcudu
 1972 - Elvis Stojko, Kanadalı buz patenci
 1974 - Marcus Camby, eski Amerikalı profesyonel basketbol oyuncusu
 1974 - Philippe Clement, Belçikalı teknik direktör ve eski millî futbolcudur
 1976 - Reese Witherspoon, Amerikalı aktris ve En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Akademi Ödülü sahibi
 1977 - John Otto, Amerikalı müzisyen
 1984 - Piotr Trochowski, Polonya asıllı eski Alman futbolcu
 1985 - Jakob Diemer Fuglsang, Danimarkalı profesyonel yol bisikleti yarışçısı
 1986 - Jeon Boram, Güney Koreli şarkıcı, aktris ve T-ara grubunun üyesi
 1987 - Ludovic Lamine Sané, Senegalli millî futbolcu
 1988 - Tania Raymonde, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1989 - Jimmy Durmaz, Süryani Türk asıllı İsveçli futbolcu
 1992 - Walter Tavares, Yeşil Burunlu profesyonel basketbolcu
 1993 - Christopher Jullien, Fransız futbolcu
 1997 - İnci Ece Öztürk, Türk bocce oyuncusu
 2002 - Andrey Yesipenko, Rus satranç büyükustası

Ölümler
 1685 - İmparator Go-Sai veya İmparator Go-Saiin, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 111. imparatoru (d. 1638)
 1687 - Jean-Baptiste Lully, İtalyan asıllı Fransız besteci, kemancı ve balet (d. 1632)
 1727 - Francesco Gasparini, İtalyan barok bestecisi (d. 1661)
 1801 - Umma Han, Avar Hanlığı'nın hükümdarı (d. 1761)
 1832 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Alman şair ve yazar (d. 1749)
 1841 - Tokugawa Ienari, 11. Tokugawa Şogunu (d. 1773)
 1852 - Auguste de Marmont, Fransız general ve asilzade (d. 1774)
 1859 - Arif Hikmet Bey, Osmanlı Şeyhülislamı (d. 1786)
 1881 - Koca Burun George, Birleşik Amerikalı haydut ve hayvan hırsızı (d. ?)
 1953 - Ahmet Şükrü Oğuz, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1881)
 1958 - Mike Todd, Amerikalı film ve tiyatro yapımcısı (d. 1909)
 1959 - Olga Knipper, Sovyet aktris (d. 1868)
 1965 - Mario Bonnard, İtalyan oyuncu, senarist, yapımcı ve film yönetmeni (d. 1889)
 1993 - Samiha Ayverdi, Türk yazar (d. 1905)
 1993 - Vezir Orucov, Azerbaycan Ulusal Kahramanı (d. 1956)
 1994 - Walter Lantz, Amerikalı karikatürist, animatör, film yapımcısı ve senarist (d. 1899)
 2001 - Ali Rıza Çarmıklı, Türk iş insanı ve Çarmıklı Holding kurucusu (d. 1920)
 2001 - Sabiha Gökçen, Türk pilot (d. 1913)
 2001 - William Hanna, Amerikalı prodüktör (d. 1910)
 2004 - Ahmed Yasin, Filistinli siyasetçi ve Hamas'ın kurucusu (d. 1938)
 2004 - Janet Akyüz Mattei, Amerikalı astronom (d. 1943)
 2005 - Kenzō Tange, Japon mimar (d. 1913)
 2006 - Adwaitya, Aldabra cinsi dev kaplumbağa (d. yaklaşık 1750)
 2007 - Kadir Has, Türk iş insanı (d. 1921)
 2007 - Münir Ülgür, Türk akademisyen (d. 1917)
 2010 - Özhan Canaydın, Türk iş insanı ve Galatasaray Spor Kulübü eski Başkanı (d. 1943)
 2011 - Hamza Yanılmaz, Türk siyasetçi ve Elazığ eski Belediye Başkanı (d. 1963)
 2011 - Nadia Barentin, Fransız oyuncu ve komedyen (d. 1936)
 2012 - David Waltz, yapay zekâ alanına katkı yapmış Amerikalı bilgisayar bilimcisidir (d. 1943)
 2014 - Patrice "Pat" Wymore, Amerikalı oyuncu ve şarkıcı (d. 1922)
 2015 - Arkady Arkanov, Rus oyun yazarı ve komedyen (d. 1933)
 2015 - Horst Buhtz, Alman futbolcu ve teknik direktör (d. 1923)
 2015 - Peter Pišťanek, Slovak yazar (d. 1960)
 2016 - Richard Bradford, Amerikalı oyuncudur (d. 1934)
 2016 - Glen Dawson, Amerikalı dağcı, kitap kolleksiyoncusu, yayımcı ve çevreci (d. 1912)
 2016 - Santiago J. Erevia, Amerikalı asker (d. 1946)
 2016 - Rob Ford, Kanadalı politikacı ve bürokra (d. 1969)
 2016 - Rita Gam, Amerikalı sinema, tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu belgesel film yapımcısı (d. 1927)
 2017 - Dallas Green, Amerikalı eski beyzbol oyuncusu, yönetici ve menajerdir (d. 1934)
 2017 - Peter "Pete" Hamilton, NASCAR rallisinde yarışan Amerikalı otomobil yarışçısı (d. 1942)
 2017 - Sven-Erik Magnusson, İsveçli şarkıcı ve müzisyendir (d. 1942)
 2017 - Tomas Milian, Küba doğumlu İtalyan asıllı Amerikalı oyuncu ve şarkıcıdır (d. 1933)
 2018 - René Houseman, Arjantinli futbolcu (d. 1953)
 2018 - Jan Kantůrek, çek çevirmen ve yazardı (d. 1948)
 2018 - Daryus Şayegan, çağdaş İran ve Yakın Doğu'nun en önemli düşünürlerinden biriydi (d. 1935)
 2019 - Frans Andriessen, Hollandalı siyasetçidir (d. 1929)
 2019 - June Harding, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1937)
 2019 - César Lévano, Perulu gazeteci, yazar, şair ve eğitimci (d. 1926)
 2019 - Scott Walker, Amerikalı şarkıcı, müzisyen ve albüm yapımcısı (d. 1943)
 2020 - Germà Colón, İspanyol dilbilimci, eğitimci ve filozof (d. 1928)
 2020 - Benito Joanet, İspanyol futbolcu ve menajerdir (d. 1935)
 2020 - Serena Liu, Tayvanlı kadın dansçı ve oyuncu (d. 1975)
 2020 - José María Loizaga Viguri, İspanyol iş insanı (d. 1936)
 2020 - Mike Longo, Amerikalı caz piyanisti, besteci ve yazar (d. 1937)
 2021 - Henrique do Rego Almeida, Brezilyalı iş insanı ve siyasetçi (d. 1936)
 2021 - Elgin Baylor, Amerikalı eski basketbol oyuncusudur (d. 1934)
 2021 - Susana Canales, İspanyol aktris (d. 1933)
 2021 - Lorna Irungu, Kenyalı televizyon sunucusu ve gazeteci (d. 1970)
 2021 - Alan Slough, İngiliz profesyonel eski futbolcu (d. 1947)
 2023 - Rebecca Jones, Amerikan asıllı Meksikalı aktris ve film yapımcısı (d. 1957)
 2023 - Lucy Salani, İtalyan bir aktivist (d. 1924)
 2023 - Vera T. Sós, Macar matematikçi (d. 1930)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Dünya Su Günü
 Dünya Çocuk Şiirleri Günü
 Acil Tıp Teknisyenleri ve Teknikerleri Günü
 Adana'nın Feke ilçesinden Fransız birliklerinin geri çekilişi (1922)

Kaynakça

0322
22

22 Mart


Le raïon de Konotop (en ) est un raïon (district) dans l'oblast de Soumy en Ukraine.

Histoire
Avec la réforme administrative de 2020, le nouveau raïon de Konotop absorbe les anciens raïons de Konotop, de Krolevets, raïon de Bouryn et de raïon de Poutvyl.

Lieux d'intérêt
Le monastère des Grottes Sainte-Sophie.

Notes et références

Konotop

Raïon de Konotop


Jan Kersjes (* 31. Oktober 1981 in Kleve) ist ein deutscher Schauspieler.

Leben
Kersjes absolvierte bis Juni 2006 ein Schauspielstudium an der Arturo Schauspielschule in Köln. Außerdem studierte er an der Musikhochschule Köln im Fach Gesang.
Bereits während seines Studiums spielte er neben Anna Thalbach in dem Kurzfilm Goodbye. Weiterhin spielte er am ARTheater Köln in Liebe und andere Grausamkeiten.
Im Anschluss an sein Studium spielte er an der Landesbühne Rheinland-Pfalz, am Schloßtheater Celle, bei TOR3 Musicalproduktionen in Düsseldorf und am Sommertheater Winterthur in der Schweiz. Von Herbst 2007 bis 2009 war er fest am Thalia Theater (Halle) engagiert. Daneben ist Jan Kersjes als Darsteller bei Fernsehproduktionen und Kurzfilmen sowie als Sprecher beim WDR Köln und im Synchronstudio tätig. Außerdem trat er im Kölner Raum als Musiker und Humorist auf.

Seit der Spielzeit 2009/2010 ist er Mitglied im Ensemble des Anhaltischen Theaters in Dessau und prägt dort nachhaltig die künstlerische Szene unter anderem mit seinem Schauspielkollegen Thorsten Köhler als Kunstfiguren Pit Rutten und Serge Pocken.

Rollen und Aufführungen (Auswahl)

Theater
 Die Drei von der Tankstelle, Regie: Maria Linke
 Paul in alter ford escort dunkelblau, Regie: Christoph Sommerfeldt
 Andres in Woyzeck, Regie: Christian Weise
 Metamorphosen Verwandlungen, Regie: Elsa Vortisch
 Rosencrantz Guildenstern in Hamlet, Regie: Niklas Ritter
 Eugen Rümpel in Pension Schöller, Regie: Werner Eng
 Christian Hoffmann in Der Turm von Uwe Tellkamp, Regie: Lukas Langhoff
 Kasimir in Kasimir und Karoline, Regie: Niklas Ritter
 Schufterle in Die Räuber, Regie: Niklas Ritter
 König George III. in Hamilton, Deutsche Fassung

Fernsehproduktionen
 2003: Goodbye (Kurzfilm von Steve Hudson)
 2007: Der Widerstand (Kurzfilm von Baris Aladag)
 2007: Mein Leben & Ich (Fernsehserie, Episodenrolle)
 2007: Unter uns (Fernsehserie, Episodenrolle)
 2008: Aktenzeichen XY … ungelöst (Fernsehserie, Episodenrolle)
 2008: 112 – Sie retten dein Leben (Fernsehserie, 2 Episoden)

Weblinks

 Porträt beim Anhaltischen Theater Dessau
 Arturo Schauspielschule
 Porträt bei msodysseus

Einzelnachweise

Theaterschauspieler
Deutscher
Filmschauspieler
Geboren 1981
Mann

Jan Kersjes


Nkana Football Club, conocido también por sus antiguas denominaciones Rhokana United y Nkana Red Devils, es una entidad zambiana dedicada al fútbol, representativa de la ciudad de Kitwe.

Historia
Fue fundado en 1935 con el nombre Rhokana United FC, es el club de su país que más veces ha ganado el campeonato local, con 12 títulos. Internacionalmente ha aparecido en nueve ediciones de la Liga de Campeones de la CAF, de las cuales fue eliminado tres veces en cuartos de final, cuatro veces en semifinales y una vez en la final, esta última en 1990, por penales frente al Kabylie. Sin embargo, este registro le ha valido para ser considerado por la Federación Internacional de Historia y Estadística de Fútbol como el undécimo mejor club africano del siglo XX.

Palmarés

Torneos nacionales
 Primera División de Zambia (13):
 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1999, 2001, 2013, 2019-20.
 Copa de Zambia (6):
 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2000.
 Copa Challenge Zambiana (7):
 1964, 1966, 1992, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2000.

Torneos internacionales
 Subcampeón de la Liga de Campeones de la CAF (1): 1990.

Participación en competiciones de la CAF

1- ASF Fianarantsoa abandonó el torneo antes de lugar el partido de vuelta.
2- Military Police abandonó el torneo antes de jugar el partido de vuelta.

Jugadores

Equipo Actual

Entrenadores

Entrenadorees Recientes
 Moses Simwala (1980-1993)
 Patrick Phiri (1997-2002)
 Jericho Shinde (2002)
 Jericho Shinde (2005)
 Kenneth Malitoli (2007)
 Masautso Mwale (2013-2014)
 Zeddy Saileti (2014)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
soccerway.com

Nkana FC

Nkana Football Club


Kibbie bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Kibbie (Illinois)
 Kibbie (Michigan)

Sonstiges:
 Kibbie Lake, See im Yosemite National Park

Person:
 Jack Kibbie (* 1929), US-amerikanischer Politiker, Präsident des Iowa Senates

Siehe auch:
 Kibbee

Kibbie


Müsteşar, bir bakanlıkta bakandan sonra en yüksek rütbeli kamu yöneticisidir. Arapça'da kelime anlamı "kendisinden bilgi alınan, kendisine danışılan kimse." demektir ve görevin adı da buradan gelmektedir.

Müsteşar, bakandan sonra gelen en yetkili kişidir. Devlet memurudur. Bakan olmadığı zamanlarda karar verme yetkisi vardır.  Müsteşarlık için üniversitelerin siyâset bilimi ve/veya kamu yönetimi gibi bölümlerinden mezuniyet şartı yoktur. Örneğin; çevre ve şehircilik bakanlığı müsteşarı bir inşaat mühendisi olabilir.

9 Temmuz 2018 sayılı Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanan 2 Temmuz 2018 ve 703 sayılı KHK'nın 41. maddesiyle 27/9/1984 tarihli ve 3046 sayılı Bakanlıkların Kuruluş ve Görev Esasları Hakkında Kanunun 47 maddesinden 43 tanesi tamamen kaldırılmış bu bağlamda müsteşarlık makamı kaldırılmıştır. Müsteşarlık yerine Bakan Yardımcılığı getirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

Müsteşar


A Concessionária de Saneamento do Amapá, ou CSA Equatorial, é uma empresa privada de abastecimento de água e saneamento básico do Estado do Amapá.

A empresa pertence ao Grupo Equatorial Energia desde a desestatização da antiga empresa CAESA.

Sobre
Com o leilão da CAESA, empresa pertencente ao Governo do Estado do Amapá, o Consórcio Marco Zero arrematou a concessão pelo valor de R$980 milhões de reais de outorga para um período de 35 anos.

A Concessionária de Saneamento do Amapá (CSA Equatorial), formada pelas empresas Equatorial Participações e SAM Ambiental e Engenharia, iniciou suas operações no ano de 2022.

A CSA é administrada por empresas com vasta experiência no fornecimento de energia e saneamento, além de reputação consolidada no mercado financeiro e investimentos em tecnologia e inovação.

A meta de universalização da CSA é alcançar os amapaenses das áreas urbanas com a distribuição de água tratada e coleta adequada de esgoto. As primeiras mudanças já podem ser sentidas pelo cidadão que já está conectado à rede de água. Ações como troca, instalação de hidrômetros e o processo de recadastramento de clientes já foram iniciadas e fazem parte das metas de eficiência da empresa.

Área de Concessão
A área de concessão da CSA Equatorial é de todas as 16 cidades do estado do Amapá, atingido uma população de 750 mil habitantes.

Ligações externas

Concessionária de Saneamento do Amapá


CLASA Films Mundiales (Cinematográfica Latino Americana S.A.) a fost o Companie de film Mexicană care a activat din 1930 până în anii 1990.

Referințe

Studiouri de film

Films Mundiales


El Colorado bezeichnet:

 El Colorado (Argentinien), Gemeinde im Departamento Pirané in der Provinz Formosa im Norden Argentiniens
 El Colorado (Chile) Skigebiet in Chile

El Colorado


An Pentaschistis galpinii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Otto Stapf, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Mcclean. An Pentaschistis galpinii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pentaschistis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pentaschistis

Pentaschistis galpinii


Yaohua High School () is a key school directly under the Tianjin Municipal Committee of Education, in the People's Republic of China.

Introduction
The school is located on 106, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin. The first four buildings are built during the concession period with British style, then a new building has been added during the 90s while the latest development of the school has included several building complexes that has been accomplished around 2004–2005.  It originally covered 35,000 square metres, and recently an area of over 20,000 square metres adjoining to it has been added. Its original floor space was 25,600 square metres. Some new buildings to be built will add an additional 39,000 square metres. The school buildings have an attractive combination of Chinese and Western styles. At the center of the campus is the school library with a collection of 120,000 books,  the Science Building is well equipped and the computer center has Internet access, there is also an astronomical observatory.
There are additional recreational facilities for both teachers and students, such as two fully equipped gymnasia, several basketball courts, one standard football field with a 400-metre track surrounding it, a swimming pool, a canteen and a dining hall that can serve 600 people at a time. There is also an auditorium, which can hold 1,380 people.

History

Yaohua High School has a long history, and fosters an honest and simple school spirit and aims to be a  cradle of talents. Its history can be traced back to the early 20th century. In 1927, Mr. Zhuang Lefeng, one of the directors of the Union of the Chinese Taxpayers in the British Concession in Tianjin, founded the Tianjin Public School in the British Concession to benefit Chinese children. In 1934 it was renamed as Yaohua School which means "to glorify China". In 1952 the name was changed to Tianjin No.16 Middle School and then reverted to Tianjin Yaohua High School in 1988. In the past 70-odd years, both teachers and students in Yaohua have aspired to keep to the school motto: "Diligence, Simplicity, Loyalty and Honesty".

Since its foundation, the school has trained over 30,000 graduates.

Alumni
Famous alumni include:

 Science, Engineering and academia:
 Hao Yichun an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Liang Sili an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Zhu Qihe an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Yu Min an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Wang Kui an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Zhou Yaohe an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Sun Jiazhong an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Feng Shizuo an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
 Wang Yue an academician of both Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering;
 Zhang Jinzhe an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering;
 Jin Yilian an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering;
 Wang Jingkang an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering;
 Zhu Chuangju(Jeffrey Chuan Chu) a world-famous computer specialist who was involved in the manufacturing of the world's first electronic computer;
 Wang Lei the former vice-president of the General Hospital of the Chinese navy;
 Chen Keqian the former president of Suzhou University;
 Fang Huijian the former vice-president and the leader of the branch committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) of Tsinghua University;
 Hou Zixin president of Nankai University.
 Wu Xi academician at Duke University
 Politics:
 Zhou Nan vice-premier of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the former chief of Hong Kong Branch of Xinhua News Agency;
 Zheng Bijian vice-president of CCP Central Propaganda Department and the Central Party School;
 Nie Bichu the former mayor and the Director of Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tianjin;
 Yu Fujing the former deputy mayor and the deputy director of Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tianjin;
 Chenli Wanruo (Lily Lee Chen) the present director of the Research Centre on Cultures between the East and the West and the former mayor of a city in California, USA (the first Chinese female mayor in American history).
 Literature and the Arts:
 Wang Qian a famous calligrapher and the deputy director of the Chinese Calligraphers' Association;
 Chen Xianglong a famous calligrapher and painter
 Han Wenlai a famous calligrapher and painter;
 Jiang Dawei a well-known vocalist;
 Liu Huan a well-known singer.

Each year, over 500 graduates from Yaohua go on to colleges and universities, which are more than any other school in Tianjin. In 2000 and 2001, all Yaohua High School graduates were admitted to universities, of which 97% were top-ranked ones.

From 1998 to 2000, students from the school continuously won first place in science subjects in the National Entrance Examination in Tianjin, especially in 2000, when Yaohua students took the top four places in science subjects in the National Entrance Examination. In 1991, Lu Qiang, a Yaohua student, won the gold medal in Physics at the 22nd International Middle-School-Student Olympic Competition. In the last five years more than 500 students won first, second and third places in Tianjin at the National High-School-Student Competition in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English and Computer Science; 100 students won first, second and third places in the National High-School-Student Olympic Competition in other subjects.

Teaching staff
In the 1930s and 1940s, Qian Weichang, a prominent Chinese physicist and Zhang Xiaohu, a noted music theoretician taught here. At present, there are 146 teaching staff. Ten of them are 'Super Degree teachers' and 76 of them have 'Senior Degrees'. There are 61 classes, 11 of which are experimental classes. 3,009 students are enrolled at the school, of whom 495 are in the experimental classes.

At the start of the 21st century, the municipal government and the Municipal Committee of the CCP emphasized repeatedly that more schools should be set up following the example of Nankai High School and Yaohua High School.

The staff are guided by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's idea that "Education must meet the needs of modernization and face the world and the future" and by CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin's Three Represents (Simplified Chinese: 三个代表) theory.

Current administrators
 Principal Qu Limin

Mrs. Qu Limin, (born March 1947). Started work at Yaohua High School in May 1974 and graduated from the Department of Mathematics of Tianjin Normal University as a Bachelor of Science. In June, 1986 Mrs. Qu joined the Communist Party of China. During nearly 30 years of teaching in Yaohua she worked successively as a mathematics teacher, a head teacher, and was later appointed director of the Experimental Class for gifted students. In 1992 she was appointed deputy principal of the school directing teaching and research.

In 1998 she was placed in charge of the daily work of the school. Mrs. Qu was formally appointed principal of Yahohua High School in 2000. Mrs. Qu has won many honours at different levels, such as Excellent Party member of Heping District, Excellent Teacher of Heping District and Excellent Educator of Heping District. She also has published research papers, in newspapers and magazines and at meetings.

Quotation: "For a teacher, success means creating a person of whom he is proud, while for a school, success means that the school has cultivated a person who is respected by society."

 Secretary of the CCP branch Bian Hua

Mr. Bian Hua (born  March, 1957), became a member of the CCP in 1978. He read History at Tianjin Normal University and was awarded a bachelor's degree. He transferred to Yaohua High School in March, 2002. Mr. Bian has experience in the army and worked successively in factories and in the educational organizations of the Tianjin Municipality. He was once honoured as an  Excellent Shock Worker.

Quotation: I hope that the students will always work hard bearing the school motto in mind. Also students must always remember that they are working for the purpose of serving our motherland worthily in the future.

 Deputy Principal Ren Yiyi

Mrs. Ren (born in Jan, 1961) started work in 1983. She joined the Communist Party of China in Jan, 1998. She took her Bachelor of Science after she studied in the Mathematics Department of Tianjin Normal University from 1979 to 1983. During 1991 to 1993, she studied in Hiroshima University in Japan appointed by the then State Education Commission (the Ministry of Education now), and then she came back to continue to work in Yaohua. In 2001, she was selected into the first group of the backbone principals of middle schools of China and was sent to attend a three-month training course at the University of Michigan. Mrs. Ren worked successively as a Mathematics teacher, head teacher, head of the teacher group of a grade, etc. In 1998 she was appointed deputy principal in charge of teaching for the school. She was once honoured as a Model Teacher by the then State Education Commission, and in 1996 she was given the honour as (one of the) Top-ten Excellent Teachers of Tianjin.

Quotations: My career goals are the same as those of every staff member in Yaohua. We have been striving for --
 thoroughly understanding the students' thinking and feelings;
 skillful teaching;
 working as researchers of educational theories;
 continually improving the current teaching methods.

 Deputy Principal Zhao Zhongkai

Mr. Zhao (born in Oct, 1944), graduated from the Department of Physics of Beijing University in 1968. He has been teaching physics in high schools over 30 years. He worked successively as head teacher and head of the physics group. He has delivered lectures broadcast on the  Tianjin Television Station and Tianjin Broadcasting Station. He has completed research projects hosted by the State Ministry of Education and published research papers. He has been honoured as a Renowned Teacher of Heping District, Tianjin, Model Teacher of Tianjin, and Excellent Science Instructor of Tianjin. In 1994 he won the prize 'Sewing the Sun' and was awarded Teacher of super Degree by the People's Government Of Tianjin. He is now a consulting committee member of the Tianjin Education Research Center and a standing director of the Tianjin Physics Society.

Quotation: Teaching doesn't merely mean passing on some skills but, in fact, means the art of stimulating, arousing and encouraging the young.

 Deputy Principal Yang Zhikai

Mr. Yang (born in July, 1955). He started work in Sept, 1974. In 1982 Mr. Yang graduated from the Department of Chemistry of Tianjin Normal University. He successively worked as a head teacher, head of different grade, and deputy director of the Teaching Affairs Office. In Feb, 1998 Mr. Yang was appointed Deputy Principal of Yaohua High School. In 1999 Mr. Yang went to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to support the education there. During 1999 to 2000 he worked as Deputy Principal and member of the Party committee of No. 2 High School of Kashi. He was honored as an Excellent Cardre to Support Xinjiang respectively by the local government of Karshi Prefecture, the government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Municipal government of Tianjin.

Quotation: Accumulation is important in learning things. As well as the accumulation of knowledge, accumulation includes the accumulation of methods of study.

Philosophy
 To prepare students for successful, productive lives through effective educational methods.
 To raise awareness, instill an eagerness to learn and promote diligence.
 To develop the school continuously, help the students develop in an all-round way, and help the teachers to achieve their own goals.
 Success as a teacher is to train students to become people whom they're proud of.
 Success as a principal is to build a school with great vitality.
 Success as a school is to prepare students to make great contributions to mankind.

International Relations
Yaohua High School has friendly and cooperative relations with many schools abroad, such as a women's college in Hakodate, Japan, as well as high schools in Taiwan, Melbourne, Australia and Nagasaki, Japan. International interactive programs include educational group exchanges and non-governmental delegation visits. Yaohua has sent 20 students to Singapore to for further studies. The school also has ongoing exchange programs with Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania.

External links

 Official site in English
 Official site in Simplified Chinese
 Students' homepage for grade 2000
 Alumni @ ChinaRen.com

High schools in Tianjin
Educational institutions established in 1927
1927 establishments in China

Yaohua High School


Ehsan Yarshater, en persa: احسان يارشاطر (Hamadán, Irán; 3 de abril de 1920-California, Estados Unidos; 1 de septiembre de 2018), fue un lingüista, historiador, autor, profesor universitario, escritor, traductor y lexicógrafo iraní. Fue el fundador y director del Centro de Estudios Iraníes y profesor emérito de Estudios Iraníes de la Universidad de Columbia.

Fue uno de los 40 editores de la Encyclopædia Iranica, con artículos de 300 autores de diversas instituciones académicas. Asimismo editó el tercer volumen de la Historia de Cambridge de Irán, que comprende la historia de los seléucidas, los partos y los sasánidas, y un volumen titulado Literatura persa. También fue editor de una serie de dieciséis volúmenes llamada History of Persian Literature. Ganó varios premios internacionales de becas, incluido un premio de la UNESCO en 1959 y la medalla Giorgio Levi Della Vida por Logro en Estudios Islámicos de la UCLA en 1991.

Biografía
Estudió el idioma persa y su literatura en la Universidad de Teherán y posteriormente, filología en la Escuela de Estudios Orientales y Africanos (SOAS) de la Universidad de Londres con Walter Bruno Henning (1908—1967). Fue el primer profesor a tiempo completo de persa en una universidad estadounidense después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
En 1969, publicó un libro totulado A Grammar of Southern Tati Dialects, donde describía los dialectos del tati hablados al suroeste de Qazvin. Igualmente ha publicado numerosos artículos sobre el talysh, así como de mitología persa.

Ganó varios premios internacionales por sus estudios, destacando un galardón otorgado por la UNESCO en 1959 y la "Medalla de Georgio Levi Della Vida" por sus logros en las investigaciones y estudios sobre el mundo islámico por la Universidad de California en Los Ángeles (UCLA) en 1991. Ha realizado ciclos de conferencias en la Universidad de Londres, la Universidad de California en Los Ángeles y en Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de París.

Fue el editor jefe la Encyclopædia Iranica, una enciclopedia de referencia sobre la historia, cultura y civilización de los pueblos iranios en lengua inglesa, con artículos escritos por más de 300 autores de diversas instituciones académicas. También editó el tercer volumen del Cambridge History of Iran que comprende la historia del Imperio seléucida, los Partos y el Imperio sasánida, además de un volumen sobre literatura persa. También es el editor de una serie de dieciséis volúmenes llamada History of Persian Literature.

Publicaciones
 1953, Al-Isharat wa'l-tanbihat de Avicena, edición anotada.
 1953, Panŷ resale de Avicena, edición anotada.
 1955, Sher-e parsí dar 'ahd-e Shahroj.
 1957, Dastanhá-ye Shahnamé. (galardonado por la UNESCO en 1959 y el Royal Award por el Mejor Libro del Año).
 1962, A Locust's Leg: Studies in Honour of S.H. Taqizadeh, junto a Walter Bruno Henning.
 1975, Naqqashí-e novín (2 volúmenes).
 1969, A Grammar of Southern Tati Dialects.
 1971, Iran Faces the Seventies.
 1974, Bargozidé-ye dastanhá-ye Shahnamé, Vol. I.
 1976, Biruni Symposium, junto D. Bishop.
 1978, Inscriptions of Eastern Mazandaran, junto a David Bivar.
 1979, Sadeq Hedayat: An Anthology.
 1982, Highlights of Persian Art, junto a Richard Ettinghausen.
 1983, Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. III: Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Periods.
 1988, Persian Literature.
 2007, History of Al-Tabari, volúmenes 1 a 40.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Educadores de Irán
Escritores de Irán del siglo XX
Iranólogos
Historiadores de Irán
Lingüistas de Irán
Profesores de Irán
Exiliados iraníes
Persas
Orientalistas de Irán
Nacidos en Hamadán
Fallecidos en California
Fallecidos por trombosis

Ehsan Yarshater


Brave New World İngiliz Heavy Metal grubu Iron Maiden'ın 12. stüdyo albümüdür. 30 Mayıs 2000 tarihinde yayımlanmıştır. Bruce Dickinson ve Adrian Smith'in gruba dönmelerinden sonra yapılan ilk stüdyo albümüdür. Aynı zamanda grubun üç gitaristle kaydedilmiş ilk albümüdür. Prodüktörlüğünü Steve Harris ve Kevin Shirley yapmıştır.

Albüm adını Aldous Huxley'in ünlü romanı Brave New World'den almaktadır.

Şarkı Listesi
 "The Wicker Man" (Adrian Smith, Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson) – 4:35
 "Ghost of the Navigator" (Janick Gers, Dickinson, Harris) – 6:50
 "Brave New World" (Dave Murray, Harris, Dickinson) – 6:18
 "Blood Brothers" (Harris) – 7:14
 "The Mercenary" (Gers, Harris) – 4:42
 "Dream of Mirrors" (Gers, Harris) – 9:21
 "The Fallen Angel" (Smith, Harris) – 4:00
 "The Nomad" (Murray, Harris) – 9:05
 "Out of the Silent Planet" (Gers, Dickinson, Harris) – 6:25
 "The Thin Line Between Love and Hate" (Murray, Harris) – 8:27

Kadro
 Bruce Dickinson - vokal
 Dave Murray - gitar
 Janick Gers - gitar
 Adrian Smith - gitar, geri vokal
 Steve Harris - bas gitar, geri vokal, keyboard
 Nicko McBrain - davul
Ayrıca,
 Michael Kenney - keyboard

Iron Maiden albümleri
2000 albümleri
Heavy metal albümleri

Brave New World (albüm)


Rainis era el pseudónimo de Jānis Pliekšāns (1865-1929) fue un poeta, dramaturgo y político letón. Entre sus trabajos está la obra teatral Uguns un nakts (Fuego y Noche, 1905) e Indulis un Ārija. Tradujo igualmente a su lengua el Fausto de Goethe. Sus obras han influido notablemente en la literatura letona.

Biografía

Rainis estudió derecho en la Universidad de San Petersburgo donde trabó amistad con Pēteris Stučka. En sus años de estudio, dedicaba sus horas libres a escribir poemas y obras satíricas, hacer estudio sobre la música folklórica de su país y traducir literatura. Junto al citado Stučka publicó Mazie dunduri (Pequeños Tábanos), una colección de epigramas y poemas satíricos.

Finalizados sus estudios trabajó en los juzgados regionales de Vilna. Colabora en el periódicos Dienas Lapa y Tēvija. En 1891 se convierte en editor del primero, labor que desempleña hasta 1895. Rainis acude por aquella época a la Segunda Internacional y comienza a simpatizar con las ideas socialistas. Contrae matrimonio con Elza Pliekšāne, poeta y dramaturga letona más conocida por su pseudónimo, Aspazija.

En el año 1897 es arrestado y deportado a Pskov y posteriormente a Vyatka, hoy llamada Kírov. Fue en este período en el que Rainis tradujo Fausto y otras obras populares de la literatura clásica universal, así como la confección de su primer poemario. Tālas noskaņas zilā vakarā (Lejanas Sensaciones en una Tarde Melancólica).

Rainis participó en la Revolución de 1905 en su país, cuyo fracaso le forzó a exiliarse con su esposa a Suiza. Allí escribió algunas obras teatrales: Zelta zirgs (El Caballo Dorado), Jāzeps un viņa brāļi (José y sus hermanos) y Daugava, además de otros poemarios como Klusā grāmata (El Libro Silencioso), Vēja nesta lapa (Hojas en el Viento), Tie, kas neaizmirst (Esos, los que no olvidan), Gals un sākums (El Final y el Principio), etc.

El matrimonio regreso a Letonia en la primavera de 1920, donde Rainis participa activamente en la vida política como miembro del Comité Central del Partido Social Demócrata de los Trabajadores. Igualmente fue director del Teatro Nacional Letón de 1921 a 1925 y ministro de Educación desde diciembre de 1926 hasta enero de 1928. Fue uno de los redactores de la Constitución de Letonia de 1922.
En este período escribe Ilyá Múromets, Mīla stiprāka par nāvi (Un Amor más fuerte que la Muerte), Rīgas ragana (La Bruja de Riga), etc.

Sus deseos de convertirse en Presidente de Letonia no se hicieron realidad, lo cual lo indujo a retirarse paulatinamente de la vida pública. En los años 20 su nombre sonó en alguna ocasión como candidato al Premio Nobel de Literatura. No haberlo recibido supuso igualmente una frustración personal dado el gran anhelo que tenía por conseguirlo.

Falleció en Jūrmala en 1929.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Colección de sus obras
 360.° QTVR fullscreen panorama cerca del Monumento a Rainis y Aspazija en Jurmala

Poetas de Letonia
Dramaturgos de Letonia
Políticos de Letonia del siglo XIX
Traductores del alemán
Traductores de Letonia
Traductores al letón
Escritores de Letonia del siglo XIX
Escritores con seudónimo
Escritores de Letonia del siglo XX
Traductores de Aleksandr Pushkin
Traductores de William Shakespeare
Traductores de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Políticos de Letonia del siglo XX

Rainis


المفتاح الكهربائي هو مكون كهربائي يقطع بواسطته التيار عن دائرة كهربائية أو يحول التيار إلى ناقل آخر. قد يطلق على المقلاد بالقاطع، ولكن القاطع يختلف عن المقلاد بأنه يقطع الدارة تلقائياً عند حدوث أي مشكلة. أهم المقاليد المألوفة تشغل يدوياً وتكون في إحدى حالتين حيث إما تسمح بتلامس المعدنين ومرور التيار الكهربائي أو بفصل المعدنين وقطع التيار الكهربي. ومن المبادل الإلكترونية بوابة النقل ومقحل التمرير.

أسماء وألقاب أخرى
القاطع أو المبدال أو القاطعة أو المكبس أو الكبس

مبدأ العمل
بما أن المفتاح الكهربائي هو مكون كهربائي يمكنه فصل أو توصيل التيار في دارة كهربائية، فهو دائما ما يوجد في إحدى حالتين؛ إما مفتوح وإما مغلق. ففي حالة الإيقاف تكون هناك فجوة في الدارة الكهربائية، مما يسبب انقطاعا للتيار في مكوناتها. وفي حالة التشغيل يقوم المفتاح الكهربائي بدور الموصل، وبالتالي ينتقل التيار عبر مكونات الدارة.

أنواع المفاتيح الكهربائية

هناك أنواع عديدة للمفاتيح الكهربائية تختلف باختلاف استعمالاتها، ومنها:

المميزات

طريقة التشغيل

تختلف أنواع المفاتيح الكهربائية حسب طريقة تشغيلها فهناك التي يتم تفعيلعا بطريقة مباشرة وذلك بالتأثير المباشر على المفتاح إما عن طريق الضغط أو التدوير أو السحب وغيره، أو بأسلوب غير مباشر كما هو الحال في المفاتيح المغناطيسية.

الاستمرارية

كما تنقسم أنواع المفاتيح إلى لحظية ومستمرة، فالمفاتيح المستمرة هي تلك التي تبقى في نفس الوضعية حتى يعاد تفعيلها من جديد كالمفتاح الانزلاقي أو التقليدي. أما المفاتيح اللحظية فهي التي تنشط عند التأثير عليها فقط أي في نفس اللحظة ويزول مفعولها بمجرد زوال التأثير عليها وغالبا ما تكون المفاتيح التي على شكل أزرار عبارة عن مفاتيح لحظية كأزرار لوحة المفاتيح، مثلا.

نقاط التلامس والتحويلات

أبسط مفتاح يتوفر على منفذين للتيار أحدهما للدخول والآخر للخروج لكن التطبيقات الكهربائية بتعددها تحتاج إلى أنواع عديدة من المفاتيح بنقط تلامس وتحويلات أكثر. الشيء الذي أدى لظهور مزيد من تصنفيات المفاتيح الكهربائية:

 مفتاح بنقطة تلامس وتحويلة (المفتاح التقليدي مثلا)

يتوفر على طرفين فقط، وهو من بين أكثر المفاتيح المستمرة شيوعا.

 مفتاح بنقطة تلامس وتحويلتين (مفتاح انزلاقي مثلا)

يتوفر على ثلاثة أطراف ويمكن استخدامه للاختيار بين مصدري طاقة، أو لتشغيل دارة كهربائية من بين اثنتين، كما يمكن الاستغناء عن أحد التحويلتين وتشغيله كمفتاح بنقطة تلامس وتحويلة

 مفتاح بنقطتي تلامس وتحويلتين

وهو معادل لمفتاحي نقطة تلامس وتحويلتين إذ يمكنه التحكم في دارتين منفصلتين في نفس الوقت وذلك إما بتشغيلهما أو توقيفهما معا.

 مفتاح يحتوي على أي عدد من نقط التلامس والتحويلات:

هناك مفاتيح تحتوي على أكثر من نقطتي تلامس أو تحويلتين وهي قليلة الاستخدام، تتميز بشكلها المعقد وصعوبة تركيبها.

انظر أيضًا
 واصل كهربائي.
 الفواصل الكهربية.
 مرحل.
 صمام ملف.
 مبادل.
 مفتاح دفع.
 نقاط التلامس الكهربائية.
 القاطع.
 مفتاح سكينة
 صمام التحكم الغازي

مراجع

أدوات كهربائية
تفاعل الإنسان مع الآلة
مبادل
مفاتيح كهربائية
مكونات إلكترونية
مكونات كهربائية

مفتاح كهربائي


ماركوس دانييل (بالإنجليزية: Marcos Daniel) من مواليد (04 يوليوز 1978م) بــ باسو فوندو - ريو غراندي دو سول. وهو لاعب تنس محترف.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 معلومات عن اللاعب

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من باسو فوندو
رياضيون من ريو غراندي دو سول
لاعبو كرة مضرب أولمبيون من البرازيل
لاعبو كرة مضرب برازيليون
لاعبو كرة مضرب شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2008
لاعبو كرة مضرب في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية 2007
منافسون في دورة الألعاب الأمريكية من البرازيل
مواليد 1978
مواليد في باسو فوندو

ماركوس دانييل


Berzelius ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der nordöstlichen Mondvorderseite, südöstlich des Kraters Cepheus und nordwestlich des großen Kraters Geminus. Der Wälle sind relativ stark erodiert. Der Kraterboden ist weitgehend eben.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem schwedischen Mediziner und Chemiker Jöns Jacob Berzelius offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Berzelius auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)
Jöns Jakob Berzelius

Berzelius (Mondkrater)


RFA Fort Victoria is a Fort-class combined fleet stores ship and tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary of the United Kingdom tasked with providing ammunition, fuel, food and other supplies to Royal Navy vessels around the world. She is now the only member of her class.

Construction

Fort Victoria was ordered from Harland and Wolff in 1986, and was launched in 1990. She is named after Fort Victoria on the Isle of Wight.

On 6 September 1990, while Fort Victoria was at dock and less than three months after being christened, a Provisional IRA (IRA) unit planted two explosive devices on board. After a telephone warning from the IRA, one of the bombs exploded, causing extensive damage inside the engine room, which was holed and subsequently flooded. The ship listed 45 degrees, and the chances of sinking were high. The ship was saved after hours of work by emergency teams, who pumped the water out of the engine room. Sir John Parker, chairman and CEO of Harland & Wolff, praised the courage of the engineers for saving the ship. It was not learned that a second device had failed to explode until a second IRA phone call 24 hours later. It took two weeks to find and disable the second bomb, which stalled the works further.

This incident and other problems with the construction of the vessel meant it was not delivered until 1993, two years after originally planned.

She was accepted into service on 24 June 1994. In 1998, the ship was fitted with the Phalanx close-in weapon system.

Operational history
The vessel took part in Operation Telic during early 2003.Fort Victoria was adopted by the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and has been affiliated with the borough for over ten years. A battle ensign was presented to the borough in 2003 following the vessel's participation in military operations in the Persian Gulf. The ensign can be seen in the foyer of Barnsley Town Hall.

With her ability to supply anything from humanitarian supplies to fuel and ammunition, Fort Victoria has uses in peacetime and war. An example of this was the Operation Highbrow in Lebanon, where she played a key role in supplying the Royal Navy and giving air support with a flight of Merlin MK1 helicopters from 814 squadron.

From November 2008 until May 2009 she underwent a refit on the Mersey by Cammell Laird Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders, being towed up from the Solent by tugs Red Dolphin and Englishman. She returned to operational status in November 2009, and was set to rejoin the RFA fleet by the early months of 2010. The ship has undergone another refit from March 2014 to December 2014. The refit included the main engines receiving an overhaul, other machinery, pumps and pipework, new fire-detecting and fire-fighting systems, six new main generators, living quarters refurbished, and weapons and sensors also completely overhauled. This £50 million refit will allow the ship to serve for at least another 15 years.

Indian Ocean deployments
In September 2010, Fort Victoria was posted to the Indian Ocean as part of Operation Ocean Shield, the NATO mission to combat piracy. She has subsequently been involved in several operations against pirates off the coast of Somalia. In June 2011 Fort Victoria was deployed off the coast of Yemen with an embarked force of 80 Royal Marines to assist with the possible evacuation of British nationals from that country due to the recent political unrest there. Britain's foreign secretary, William Hague, had advised British nationals to leave the country immediately saying that it was "extremely unlikely" that the UK government would be able to stage an evacuation operation.

On 11 October 2011 Fort Victoria, along with , was involved in the release of the Italian ship Montecristo after it was hijacked by Somali pirates. The pirates surrendered without resistance. Fort Victoria continued her deployment in the western Indian Ocean into early 2012. On 12 January she foiled an attempt by pirates to attack cargo ships in the Indian Ocean by forcing a previously hijacked tanker, Liquid Velvet, now being used as a pirate mothership, to return to Somalia. On 13 January 2012, Royal Marines operating from Fort Victoria captured 13 Somali pirates in the Western Indian Ocean after they refused to stop despite warning shots fired from a Royal Navy helicopter. The commanding officer of Fort Victoria, Captain Shaun Jones RFA, said:

On 14 May 2012, during its 2012 deployment, U.S. helicopter squadron HSM-77 Detachment Five completed its temporary operational rotation on board Fort Victoria which was serving as the flagship for Combined Task Force 151.  This was the first time that a MH-60R helicopter had ever operated from a Royal Navy ship.  The detachment's helicopters primarily concentrated on anti-piracy surveillance missions during this two-week period.

For her four-month-long 2013 deployment, Fort Victoria relieved  and operated with Task Force 53 in the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf. In September 2013 she took over as flagship of Combined Task Force 151 tackling piracy off Somalia. In mid-2013, she sailed with the COUGAR 13 task group.

Refit and carrier support

In July 2017, Fort Victoria returned to the UK following an extended 26-month deployment, much of which was spent East of Suez in support of anti-piracy operations. This included three months in the Aegean Sea in April 2016 on operation Bucktail monitoring activities of people traffickers in the Lesbos region, taking over from . Following her return, during 2017–2018, the ship underwent an extensive refit intended to allow her to support the s and meet current tanker anti-pollution hull requirements upon her re-entry into service. Fort Victoria returned to service in November 2018. In October 2020, she joined a nine-ship UK Carrier Strike Group and performed her first manoeuvres with HMS Queen Elizabeth.

On 11 May 2021 Fort Victoria suffered a small fire whilst alongside in Portland preparing for the Carrier Strike Group 2021 deployment, carrying munitions, fuel and other stores. Emergency services were called to the scene. However, the crew were able to successfully extinguish the small fire before their arrival. Four personnel were treated for smoke inhalation by ambulance crews and were taken to hospital but were not seriously injured.

The ship was in refit in 2022 for an upgrade to her engines as well as other repairs. She was initially reported to have returned to active operations in December 2022. However, in May 2023 it was reported that the ship continued to suffer from significant problems that required rectification, and would likely maintain only a skeleton crew through 2023. Subsequently it was reported that the ship was "mechanically sound" and in an emergency could support an unplanned carrier group deployment, though this would then require taking sailors from other ships due to RFA personnel shortages.

Replacement

The replacement of Fort Victoria with the first of a new class of Fleet Solid Support Ship had been envisaged in around 2028. In July 2022, Rear-Admiral Paul Marshall, the Senior Responsible Officer for the Fleet Solid Support ship project, told the House of Commons Select Defence Committee that the lead ship of this class was envisaged for service entry in 2028. However, subsequently the Ministry of Defence indicated that the first ship of the new class would in fact not be operational until 2031. The MoD also indicated that it was therefore planned to maintain Fort Victoria in service for the required additional transitional period.

Notes

External links
 Official Royal Navy Fort Victoria webpage

Fort Victoria-class replenishment oilers
Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
Auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Belfast
1990 ships
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Maritime incidents in 1990

RFA Fort Victoria


Michael Grüttner (* 10. Februar 1953 in Baden-Baden) ist ein deutscher Historiker. Seit 2003 ist er außerplanmäßiger Professor für Neuere Geschichte am Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung der Technischen Universität Berlin. Grüttner ist Experte der Wissenschafts- und Universitätspolitik der Nationalsozialisten.

Leben und Wirken
Michael Grüttner wurde als Sohn der Ärztin Gunda und des Arztes und Hochschullehrers Rolf Grüttner geboren. Nach dem Abitur am Hamburger Johanneum studierte Grüttner ab 1972 Geschichte, Philosophie und Soziologie an der Universität Hamburg. 1983 wurde er am Historischen Seminar in Hamburg (bei Klaus Saul) zum Dr. phil. promoviert. 1984 ging er nach Berlin, wo er zunächst als Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter (bei Reinhard Rürup), dann als Hochschulassistent tätig war. 1994 habilitierte er sich an der Technischen Universität Berlin. Zwischen 1998 und 2002 war er Visiting Professor an der University of California, Berkeley. 2003 wurde er an der TU Berlin zum außerplanmäßigen Professor für neuere Geschichte ernannt.

Grüttners Schwerpunkte in Forschung und Lehre liegen in der Sozialgeschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, der Universitätsgeschichte, der Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus und der Spanischen Geschichte. Viele seiner Veröffentlichungen beschäftigen sich mit der Geschichte der Hochschulen im Nationalsozialismus. Dazu gehören unter anderem seine Habilitationsschrift Studenten im Dritten Reich (1995) und das Biographische Lexikon zur nationalsozialistischen Wissenschaftspolitik von 2004. Für die 10. Auflage des klassischen Handbuchs der Deutschen Geschichte, den Gebhardt, verfasste er den Band über das Dritte Reich in den Jahren 1933–1939.

Grüttner ist verheiratet und hat zwei Kinder.

Schriften (Auswahl)

Bücher
 Wem die Stadt gehört – Stadtplanung und Stadtentwicklung in Hamburg 1965–1975. Verlag Association, Hamburg 1976, ISBN 3-88032-042-X.
 Arbeitswelt an der Wasserkante. Sozialgeschichte der Hamburger Hafenarbeiter 1886–1914 (= Kritische Studien zur Geschichtswissenschaft. Band 63). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1984, ISBN 3-525-35722-2 (zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 1983).
 Studenten im Dritten Reich. Geschichte der deutschen Studentenschaften 1933–1945. Schöningh, Paderborn 1995, ISBN 3-506-77492-1.
 Biographisches Lexikon zur nationalsozialistischen Wissenschaftspolitik. Synchron, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-935025-68-8.
 Die Berliner Universität zwischen den Weltkriegen 1918–1945 (= Geschichte der Universität Unter den Linden. Band 2). In Zusammenarbeit mit Christoph Jahr, Sven Kinas, Anne Christine Nagel und Jens Thiel. Akademie, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-05-004667-9.
 Das Dritte Reich 1933–1939 (= Gebhardt. Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte. Band 19). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-608-60019-3. Nahezu textidentische Fassung als Brandstifter und Biedermänner. Deutschland 1933–1939. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-608-94916-2. Lizenzausgabe Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn 2016.

Herausgeberschaften
 mit Rüdiger Hachtmann und Heinz-Gerhard Haupt: Geschichte und Emanzipation. Festschrift für Reinhard Rürup. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-593-36202-3.
 mit John Connelly: Zwischen Autonomie und Anpassung. Universitäten in den Diktaturen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Schöningh, Paderborn 2003, ISBN 978-3-506-71941-6 (englische Ausgabe 2005).
 mit Rüdiger Hachtmann, Konrad H. Jarausch, Jürgen John: Gebrochene Wissenschaftskulturen. Universität und Politik im 20. Jahrhundert. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-525-35899-3.

Aufsätze
 Soziale Hygiene und Soziale Kontrolle. Die Sanierung der Hamburger Gängeviertel 1892–1936. In: Arno Herzig, Dieter Langewiesche, Arnold Sywottek (Hrsg.): Arbeiter in Hamburg. Unterschichten, Arbeiter und Arbeiterbewegung seit dem ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert. Verlag Erziehung und Wissenschaft, Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-8103-0807-2, S. 359–371.
 Die Hütten der Armut und des Lasters. In: Volker Plagemann (Hrsg.): Industriekultur in Hamburg. Des Deutschen Reiches Tor zur Welt. Beck, München 1984, ISBN 978-3-406-09675-4, S. 224–243.
 mit Sven Kinas: Die Vertreibung von Wissenschaftlern aus den deutschen Universitäten 1933–1945. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. , Band 55 (2007), H. 1, S. 123–186.

Literatur
 Friedhelm Golücke: Verfasserlexikon zur Studenten- und Hochschulgeschichte. Ein bio-bibliographisches Verzeichnis. SH-Verlag, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-89498-130-X, S. 122–124.
 Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender. 24. Ausgabe (2012), Bd. 1, S. 1262.

Weblinks

 Seite der TU Berlin über Michael Grüttner
 Interview mit Michael Grüttner bei Spiegel Online, 9. Mai 2005 (mit Foto)

Anmerkungen

Neuzeithistoriker
Studentenhistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Technische Universität Berlin)
Absolvent der Universität Hamburg
Deutscher
Geboren 1953
Mann

Michael Grüttner


Kim Pyong-il 김평일(Korean udtalelse: [kim.pʰjʌŋ.il]; født 10. august 1954, Pyongyang, Nordkorea) er nordkoreansk politiker og en yngre halvbror til den tidligere leder af Nordkorea, Kim Jong-il, han er den sidste nulevende søn af den tidligere leder og præsident af Nordkorea Kim Il-sung. Han er den nuværende ambassadør for Nordkorea i Tjekkiet.

Referencer

Politikere fra Nordkorea
Personer fra Pyongyang

Kim Pyong-il


Juan Luis Rojas Aguilar (Taltal, Chile, 16 de mayo de 1948) Fallecido el 28 de Junio de 2022) es un profesor normalista, cantautor, folclorista, recopilador y deportista.

Biografía

Primeros años
Nacido en la ciudad de Taltal, ubicada en el norte de Chile, fue hijo de Don Ernesto Rojas y Amada Aguilar, es el 5º hijo de un total de 8 hijos.

Sus estudios primarios los realizó en la escuela Nº 1 de Taltal y los secundarios en el Liceo Juan Cortes Monrroy, luego realizó sus estudios superiores en la Ex-Escuela Normal Superior de Antofagasta, donde se titula como Profesor de Estado.

Mientras estudiaba en el Liceo, participa de su propia banda de rock llamada "Los Carabel's Boys", talento que seguirá desarrollando en la Escuela Normal.

De pequeño juega fútbol en el club amateur Unión Marítimo, con el que obtiene varios campeonatos locales.

Años laborales
Posteriormente realiza su práctica profesional y su primer trabajo como profesor en la Escuela Nº 6 de la Oficina Salitrera Alemania, donde conoce a quien es su esposa la Sra. Verónica Tabilo Fibla, matrimonio del cual nacen 3 hijos, Juan Luis, Lorenzo Ernesto y Verónica Alexandra. Es en la Oficina Salitrera donde aprende todo lo que va a desarrollar a lo largo de su vida personal y profesional.

Posteriormente, luego del cierre de la Oficina Alemania, regresa a Taltal a entregar todo lo que su ciudad natal había entregado por él, es así como ejerce de Profesor de Matemáticas y Música en la escuela Hogar y en la Escuela Industrial, posteriormente ingresaría como profesor titular de la Escuela Hogar, posteriormente postula y gana el cargo de Jefe de la Unidad Técnico Pedagógica, además es Director del Coro de la Escuela con el cual realiza varias giras y conciertos logrando un gran prestigio comunal, regional y nacional, luego ejerce como Jefe Comunal de Educación y posteriormente regresa a la Escuela Hogar como su Director, cargo que ejerce por más de 20 años hasta la actualidad.

Años como cantautor
En 1992, escribe su primera obra musical "Taltal: Una historia para recordar". En 1995, edita su primer casset "Canto a mi tierra". Luego, en 1996 escribe su segunda obra "Taltal y su gente", y también en ese año edita su segundo casset con poemas de Sofanor Tobar. Además de muchos poemas que recorren la historia y lugares de su ciudad natal, que fue un disco de muy buena aceptación que fue grabado y orquestado en Suecia por su amigo y gran poeta y cantautor nacional Jaime Carrizo Checura.

Años como concejal
Fue elegido concejal por Taltal, cargo que ejerce por un periodo donde ayudó y apoyó varios proyectos especialmente orientados especialmente a la educación y la cultura.

Actualidad
Actualmente se encuentra en un proceso de creación de nuevas canciones y trabajando en proyectos nuevos para su escuela, de manera de poder dejar su mejor legado para la tierra que tanto le dio.

Nacidos en Taltal
Cantautores de Chile

Juan Luis Rojas Aguilar


A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure. The algorithm typically uses uniformly random bits as an auxiliary input to guide its behavior, in the hope of achieving good performance in the "average case" over all possible choices of random determined by the random bits; thus either the running time, or the output (or both) are random variables.

One has to distinguish between algorithms that use the random input so that they always terminate with the correct answer, but where the expected running time is finite (Las Vegas algorithms, for example Quicksort), and algorithms which have a chance of producing an incorrect result (Monte Carlo algorithms, for example the Monte Carlo algorithm for the MFAS problem) or fail to produce a result either by signaling a failure or failing to terminate. In some cases, probabilistic algorithms are the only practical means of solving a problem.

In common practice, randomized algorithms are approximated using a pseudorandom number generator in place of a true source of random bits; such an implementation may deviate from the expected theoretical behavior and mathematical guarantees which may depend on the existence of an ideal true random number generator.

Motivation

As a motivating example, consider the problem of finding an 'a' in an array of n elements.

Input: An array of n≥2 elements, in which half are 'a's and the other half are 'b's.

Output: Find an 'a' in the array.

We give two versions of the algorithm, one Las Vegas algorithm and one Monte Carlo algorithm.

Las Vegas algorithm:

findingA_LV(array A, n)
begin
    repeat
        Randomly select one element out of n elements.
    until 'a' is found
end

This algorithm succeeds with probability 1. The number of iterations varies and can be arbitrarily large, but the expected number of iterations is

Since it is constant, the expected run time over many calls is . (See Big Theta notation)

Monte Carlo algorithm:
findingA_MC(array A, n, k)
begin
    i := 0
    repeat
        Randomly select one element out of n elements.
        i := i + 1
    until i = k or 'a' is found
end
If an 'a' is found, the algorithm succeeds, else the algorithm fails. After k iterations, the probability of finding an 'a' is:

This algorithm does not guarantee success, but the run time is bounded. The number of iterations is always less than or equal to k.  Taking k to be constant the run time (expected and absolute) is .

Randomized algorithms are particularly useful when faced with a malicious "adversary" or attacker who deliberately tries to feed a bad input to the algorithm (see worst-case complexity and competitive analysis (online algorithm)) such as in the Prisoner's dilemma. It is for this reason that randomness is ubiquitous in cryptography. In cryptographic applications, pseudo-random numbers cannot be used, since the adversary can predict them, making the algorithm effectively deterministic. Therefore, either a source of truly random numbers or a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator is required.  Another area in which randomness is inherent is quantum computing.

In the example above, the Las Vegas algorithm always outputs the correct answer, but its running time is a random variable.  The Monte Carlo algorithm (related to the Monte Carlo method for simulation) is guaranteed to complete in an amount of time that can be bounded by a function the input size and its parameter k, but allows a small probability of error. Observe that any Las Vegas algorithm can be converted into a Monte Carlo algorithm (via Markov's inequality), by having it output an arbitrary, possibly incorrect answer if it fails to complete within a specified time. Conversely, if an efficient verification procedure exists to check whether an answer is correct, then a Monte Carlo algorithm can be converted into a Las Vegas algorithm by running the Monte Carlo algorithm repeatedly till a correct answer is obtained.

Computational complexity

Computational complexity theory models randomized algorithms as probabilistic Turing machines. Both  Las Vegas and Monte Carlo algorithms are considered, and several complexity classes are studied. The most basic randomized complexity class is RP, which is the class of decision problems for which there is an efficient (polynomial time) randomized algorithm (or probabilistic Turing machine) which recognizes NO-instances with absolute certainty and recognizes YES-instances with a probability of at least 1/2. The complement class for RP is co-RP. Problem classes having (possibly nonterminating) algorithms with polynomial time average case running time whose output is always correct are said to be in ZPP.

The class of problems for which both YES and NO-instances are allowed to be identified with some error is called BPP. This class acts as the randomized equivalent of P, i.e. BPP represents the class of efficient randomized algorithms.

Early history

Sorting
Quicksort was discovered by Tony Hoare in 1959, and subsequently published in 1961. In the same year, Hoare published the quickselect algorithm, which finds the median element of a list in linear expected time. It remained open until 1973 whether a deterministic linear-time algorithm existed.

Number Theory
In 1917, Henry Cabourn Pocklington introduced a randomized algorithm known as Pocklington's algorithm for efficiently finding square roots modulo prime numbers.
In 1970, Elwyn Berlekamp introduced a randomized algorithm for efficiently computing the roots of a polynomial over a finite field. In 1977, Robert M. Solovay and Volker Strassen discovered a polynomial-time randomized primality test (i.e., determining the primality of a number). Soon afterwards Michael O. Rabin demonstrated that the 1976 Miller's primality test could also be turned into a polynomial-time randomized algorithm. At that time, no provably polynomial-time deterministic algorithms for primality testing were known.

Data Structures
One of the earliest randomized data structures is the hash table, which was introduced in 1953 by Hans Peter Luhn at IBM. Luhn's hash table used chaining to resolve collisions and was also one of the first applications of linked lists. Subsequently, in 1954, Gene Amdahl, Elaine M. McGraw, Nathaniel Rochester, and Arthur Samuel of IBM Research introduced linear probing, although Andrey Ershov independently had the same idea in 1957. In 1962, Donald Knuth performed the first correct analysis of linear probing, although the memorandum containing his analysis was not published until much later. The first published analysis was due to Konheim and Weiss in 1966.

Early works on hash tables either assumed access to a fully random hash function or assumed that the keys themselves were random. In 1979, Carter and Wegman introduced universal hash functions, which they showed could be used to implement chained hash tables with constant expected time per operation.

Early work on randomized data structures also extended beyond hash tables. In 1970, Burton Howard Bloom introduced an approximate-membership data structure known as the Bloom filter. In 1989, Raimund Seidel and Cecilia R. Aragon introduced a randomized balanced search tree known as the treap. In the same year,  William Pugh introduced another randomized search tree known as the skip list.

Implicit Uses in Combinatorics
Prior to the popularization of randomized algorithms in computer science, Paul Erdős popularized the use of randomized constructions as a mathematical technique for establishing the existence of mathematical objects. This technique has become known as the probabilistic method. Erdős gave his first application of the probabilistic method in 1947, when he used a simple randomized construction to establish the existence of Ramsey graphs. He famously used a much more sophisticated randomized algorithm in 1959 to establish the existence of graphs with high girth and chromatic number.

Examples

Quicksort
Quicksort is a familiar, commonly used algorithm in which randomness can be useful. Many deterministic versions of this algorithm require O(n2) time to sort n numbers for some well-defined class of degenerate inputs (such as an already sorted array), with the specific class of inputs that generate this behavior defined by the protocol for pivot selection. However, if the algorithm selects pivot elements uniformly at random, it has a provably high probability of finishing in O(n log n) time regardless of the characteristics of the input.

Randomized incremental constructions in geometry
In computational geometry, a standard technique to build a structure like a convex hull or Delaunay triangulation is to randomly permute the input points and then insert them one by one into the existing structure. The randomization ensures that the expected number of changes to the structure caused by an insertion is small, and so the expected running time of the algorithm can be bounded from above. This technique is known as randomized incremental construction.

Min cut

Input: A graph G(V,E)

Output: A cut partitioning the vertices into L and R, with the minimum number of edges between L and R.

Recall that the contraction of two nodes, u and v, in a (multi-)graph yields a new node u ' with edges that are the union of the edges incident on either u or v, except from any edge(s) connecting u and v. Figure 1 gives an example of contraction of vertex A and B.
After contraction, the resulting graph may have parallel edges, but contains no self loops.

Karger's basic algorithm:
 begin
     i = 1
     repeat
         repeat
             Take a random edge (u,v) ∈ E in G
             replace u and v with the contraction u'
         until only 2 nodes remain
         obtain the corresponding cut result Ci
         i = i + 1
     until i = m
     output the minimum cut among C1, C2, ..., Cm.
 end
In each execution of the outer loop, the algorithm repeats the inner loop until only 2 nodes remain, the corresponding cut is obtained. The run time of one execution is , and n denotes the number of vertices.
After m times executions of the outer loop, we output the minimum cut among all the results. The figure 2 gives an
example of one execution of the algorithm. After execution, we get a cut of size 3.

Analysis of algorithm

The probability that the algorithm succeeds is 1 − the probability that all attempts fail. By independence, the probability that all attempts fail is

By lemma 1, the probability that  is the probability that no edge of C is selected during iteration i. Consider the inner loop and let  denote the graph after j edge contractions, where .  has  vertices. We use the chain rule of conditional possibilities.
The probability that the edge chosen at iteration j is not in C, given that no edge of C has been chosen before, is . Note that  still has min cut of size k, so by Lemma 2, it still has at least  edges.

Thus, .

So by the chain rule, the probability of finding the min cut C is

Cancellation gives . Thus the probability that the algorithm succeeds is at least . For , this is equivalent to . The algorithm finds the min cut with probability , in time .

Derandomization

Randomness can be viewed as a resource, like space and time. Derandomization is then the process of removing randomness (or using as little of it as possible). It is not currently known if all algorithms can be derandomized without significantly increasing their running time. For instance, in computational complexity, it is unknown whether P = BPP, i.e., we do not know whether we can take an arbitrary randomized algorithm that runs in polynomial time with a small error probability and derandomize it to run in polynomial time without using randomness.

There are specific methods that can be employed to derandomize particular randomized algorithms:
 the method of conditional probabilities, and its generalization, pessimistic estimators
 discrepancy theory (which is used to derandomize geometric algorithms)
 the exploitation of limited independence in the random variables used by the algorithm, such as the pairwise independence used in universal hashing
 the use of expander graphs (or dispersers in general) to amplify a limited amount of initial randomness (this last approach is also referred to as generating pseudorandom bits from a random source, and leads to the related topic of pseudorandomness)
 changing the randomized algorithm to use a hash function as a source of randomness for the algorithm's tasks, and then derandomizing the algorithm by brute-forcing all possible parameters (seeds) of the hash function. This technique is usually used to exhaustively search a sample space and making the algorithm deterministic (e.g. randomized graph algorithms)

Where randomness helps
When the model of computation is restricted to Turing machines, it is currently an open question whether the ability to make random choices allows some problems to be solved in polynomial time that cannot be solved in polynomial time without this ability; this is the question of whether P = BPP. However, in other contexts, there are specific examples of problems where randomization yields strict improvements.
 Based on the initial motivating example: given an exponentially long string of 2k characters, half a's and half b's, a random-access machine requires 2k−1 lookups in the worst-case to find the index of an a; if it is permitted to make random choices, it can solve this problem in an expected polynomial number of lookups.
 The natural way of carrying out a numerical computation in embedded systems or cyber-physical systems is to provide a result that approximates the correct one with high probability (or Probably Approximately Correct Computation (PACC)). The hard problem associated with the evaluation of the discrepancy loss between the approximated and the correct computation can be effectively addressed by resorting to randomization
 In communication complexity, the equality of two strings can be verified to some reliability using  bits of communication with a randomized protocol. Any deterministic protocol requires  bits if defending against a strong opponent.
 The volume of a convex body can be estimated by a randomized algorithm to arbitrary precision in polynomial time. Bárány and Füredi showed that no deterministic algorithm can do the same. This is true unconditionally, i.e. without relying on any complexity-theoretic assumptions, assuming the convex body can be queried only as a black box.
 A more complexity-theoretic example of a place where randomness appears to help is the class IP. IP consists of all languages that can be accepted (with high probability) by a polynomially long interaction between an all-powerful prover and a verifier that implements a BPP algorithm. IP = PSPACE. However, if it is required that the verifier be deterministic, then IP = NP.
 In a chemical reaction network (a finite set of reactions like A+B → 2C + D operating on a finite number of molecules), the ability to ever reach a given target state from an initial state is decidable, while even approximating the probability of ever reaching a given target state (using the standard concentration-based probability for which reaction will occur next) is undecidable.  More specifically, a limited Turing machine  can be simulated with arbitrarily high probability of running correctly for all time, only if a random chemical reaction network is used. With a simple nondeterministic chemical reaction network (any possible reaction can happen next), the computational power is limited to primitive recursive functions.

See also
Probabilistic analysis of algorithms
Atlantic City algorithm
Monte Carlo algorithm
Las Vegas algorithm
Bogosort
Principle of deferred decision
Randomized algorithms as zero-sum games
Probabilistic roadmap
HyperLogLog
count–min sketch
approximate counting algorithm
Karger's algorithm

Notes

References
 Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition. MIT Press and McGraw–Hill, 1990. . Chapter 5: Probabilistic Analysis and Randomized Algorithms, pp. 91–122.
 Dirk Draheim. "Semantics of the Probabilistic Typed Lambda Calculus (Markov Chain Semantics, Termination Behavior, and Denotational Semantics)." Springer, 2017.
 Jon Kleinberg and Éva Tardos. Algorithm Design. Chapter 13: "Randomized algorithms".

 M. Mitzenmacher and E. Upfal. Probability and Computing: Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Analysis. Cambridge University Press, New York (NY), 2005.
 Rajeev Motwani and P. Raghavan. Randomized Algorithms. Cambridge University Press, New York (NY), 1995.
 Rajeev Motwani and P. Raghavan. Randomized Algorithms. A survey on Randomized Algorithms.
  Chapter 11: Randomized computation, pp. 241–278.

 A. A. Tsay, W. S. Lovejoy, David R. Karger, Random Sampling in Cut, Flow, and Network Design Problems, Mathematics of Operations Research, 24(2):383–413, 1999.
 "Randomized Algorithms for Scientific Computing" (RASC), OSTI.GOV (July 10th, 2021).

Analysis of algorithms

Randomized algorithm


Tarık Suresi (Arapça: سورة الطارق), Kur'an'ın 86. suresidir ve 17 ayetten oluşur. Sure, ismini 1. ayette geçen ve üzerine yemin edilen ve bir "necm yıldız" olduğu ifade edilen tarık kelimesinden alır.

Tarık, geleneksel olarak halk arasında Zühre, çoban yıldızı, sabah veya akşam yıldızı olarak da bilinen Venüs'tür. Bazıları ise bu kelimeye mucizevî bir anlam yüklemiş ve onun radyo teleskoplarının icadı ile 1960'larda keşfedilen nötron yıldızlarını (pulsarı) anlattığını ileri sürmüşler ve o şekilde tercüme etmişlerdir.

7.Ayet Mealleri Hakkında

يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْنِ الصُّلْبِ وَالتَّرَٓائِبِۜ

Süleymaniye Vakfı Meali:

(O sıvı), bel kemiği ile leğen kemikleri[*] arasından çıkar.

Leğen kemikleri anlamı verdiğimiz "et-terâib (التَّرَائِبِ)" toprak anlamındaki türab (التُّرَابُ)'dan türemiş olup hem ism-i fail hem de ism-i mef'ul anlamına gelebilen feîl (فعيل) kalıbındaki terîbe (تريبة)'nin çoğuludur. Kelimenin sonuna eklenen tâ (ة), ona, mübalağa yani bir şeyin çokça yapılması anlamı kazandırır. Üremeye sebep olan sperm ve yumurta, kişinin arka taraftan çıktığından (A'raf 7/172) terâib, kişinin arka tarafında ve vücudun toprakla çokça teması olan bölgesinde olur. Zaten leğen kemikleri vücudun arka tarafındadır. Bir de  "et-terâib (التَّرَائِبِ)" kelimesi çoğul olduğu için Arap dili açısından o kemikler, üç veya üçten fazla olmalıdır. Leğen kemikleri, biri sağda diğeri solda olmak üzere 2 tanedir ama her biri (ilium, iskium ve pubis isimli) 3 kemiğin birleşmesinden oluşur. Bu nedenle leğen kemiğinin 3 farklı anatomik bölgesi bulunur. Bu da terâib kelimesinin çoğul yapısına uygun olur. Sözlük yazarları, kelimenin toprakla ilgisini koparmış, "et-terâib (التَّرَائِبِ)"e göğüste takı takılan yer anlamını vermişler (Lisan'ul-arab) ve ayet bu anlama uyarlanmıştır. Hiçbir dayanağı olmayan bu anlamın o kelimeye verilmesi, yumurta ve spermin, aynı bölgeden çıktığının bilinmemesinden kaynaklanmış olabilir.

7. ayette geçen ve insanın bel ile kaburga kemikleri arasından atılan bir sudan yaratıldığını anlatan bazı ifadeleri eleştirilere konu olmuştur.

Kaynakça

Sureler

Tarık Suresi


Arsen Bauk (Supetar, 7. veljače 1973.) je hrvatski političar koji je služio kao ministar uprave u vladi Zorana Milanovića od 2011. do 2016. godine. Član je Socijaldemokratske partije Hrvatske.

Izvori

.

Životopisi, Supetar
Ministri uprave Vlade Republike Hrvatske
SDP

Arsen Bauk


Courtenay Charles Evan Morgan,  vicomte Tredegar ( - ), est un pair gallois.

Biographie
Morgan est né au château de Ruperra près de Newport, dans le Monmouthshire, et fait ses études au Collège d'Eton. Il est le fils aîné de l'honorable Frederick Courtenay Morgan, de Ruperra Castle, troisième fils de Charles Morgan (1er baron Tredegar). Sa mère est Charlotte Anne, fille de Charles Alexander Williamson, de Lawers, Perthshire. Il succède à son oncle Godfrey Morgan (1er vicomte Tredegar), en tant que troisième baron Tredegar en 1913.

Tredegar est nommé capitaine des Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers le 30 décembre 1891, et est ensuite promu major honoraire. Au début de 1900, il est aide de camp de sir Thomas Fraser, commandant de l'École royale du génie militaire à Chatham et commandant du district de la Tamise.

Tredegar est un joueur de cricket mineur qui joue au niveau du comté pour le Shropshire entre 1896 et 1898 tout en jouant au niveau du club pour Ludlow.

Aux élections générales de 1906, il se présente sans succès comme candidat conservateur pour le South Monmouthshire, perdant le siège au profit des libéraux lors de la victoire nationale de ce parti.

L'un des premiers actes de Lord Tredegar après avoir hérité est d'acheter le yacht à vapeur Liberty qui est presque immédiatement réquisitionné par la Royal Navy pour être utilisé comme navire-hôpital. Il quitte son domicile et retourne servir pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, prenant le commandement de son yacht pendant la première partie de la guerre . Après la fin des hostilités, il entreprend une croisière autour du monde, faisant finalement deux fois le tour du monde au cours duquel il visite toutes les colonies de l'Empire britannique et tous les États du Commonwealth d'Australie .

En 1926, la vicomté est relancée lorsqu'il est créé vicomte Tredegar, de Tredegar dans le comté de Monmouth. Il n'est pas enregistré comme ayant parlé à la Chambre des lords. En 1933, il est nommé Lord-lieutenant du Monmouthshire, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'à sa mort l'année suivante.

Lord Tredegar épouse Katharine Agnes Blanche, fille de James Carnegie (9e comte de Southesk), en 1890. Il meurt en mai 1934, à l'âge de 67 ans, à l'hôtel Ritz de Westminster, à Londres, après son retour d'un voyage de santé en Australie. Il est remplacé dans la vicomté et la propriété de Tredegar House par son fils excentrique et bohème, Evan Morgan (2e vicomte Tredegar).

Katharine, vicomtesse Tredegar est décédée à Londres en 1949, quelques mois seulement après son fils Evan. Gwyneth Ericka Morgan, la fille unique de Courtenay et Katharine est décédée dans des circonstances mystérieuses après sa disparition en 1924.

Références

Bibliographie
 Aspects d'Evan : Le dernier vicomte Tredegar de Monty Dart et William Cross. (2012)
 Une belle nuisance : La vie et la mort de l'hon. Gwyneth Ericka Morgan de Monty Dart et William Cross. (2012)
 Pas derrière des rideaux de dentelle : Le monde caché d'Evan, vicomte Tredegar de William Cross. (2013)
 Evan Frederic Morgan : vicomte Tredegar Les affaires finales : financières et charnelles  par William Cross. (2014)
 Evan Frédéric. Evan, Lord Tredegar, Lettres choisies, prose et citations. La muse mystique d'Evan Frederic Morgan par William Cross. Livre Midden Publishing : (2015).
 Lois Sturt, enfant sauvage. Un regard sur l'hon. Lois Ina Sturt, vicomtesse Tredegar par William Cross. (2014). Refonte 2015.

Liens externes

Officier de la Royal Navy durant la Première Guerre mondiale
Commandeur de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Lord-lieutenant du Monmouthshire
Vicomte de la pairie du Royaume-Uni
Décès en mai 1934
Naissance en avril 1867
Décès à 67 ans

Courtenay Morgan (1er vicomte Tredegar)


Hanna hace referencia a varios artículos:

Divisiones administrativas
 Hanna (Alberta), pueblo de la provincia de Alberta en Canadá;
 Pardes Hanna-Karkur, consejo local en Israel;

En Estados Unidos
 Hanna (Indiana), lugar designado por el censo;
 Hanna (Wyoming), pueblo;
 Hanna (Oklahoma), pueblo;
 Hanna City (Illinois), villa;
 Municipio de Hanna (condado de LaPorte, Indiana)
 Municipio de Hanna (condado de Henry, Illinois)

Personas
 Hanna (cantante), seudónimo de la cantante española Ana Isabel Iglesias Ferrer.
 Hanna B. Margońska, botánica polaca.
 Hanna Barysevich, supercentenaria bielorrusa.
 Hanna Damásio, médico neuróloga portuguesa.
 Hanna Fenichel, importante teórica política estadounidense;
 Hanna Gabriel, boxeadora costarricense.
 Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz, política polaca.
 Hanna Hall, actriz estadounidense.
 Hanna Hilton, actriz porno estadounidense.
 Hanna Maria Resvoll-Holmsen, botánica noruega.
 Hanna Pakarinen, cantante finesa.
 Hanna Reitsch, piloto alemana.
 Hanna Schwarz, mezzosoprano alemana.
 Hanna Schygulla, actriz y cantante alemana.
 Hanna Segal, psicoanalista y psiquiatra británica.
 Hanna Solf, política y miembro de la resistencia antinazi alemana.
 Hanna Suchocka, política polaca.
 Hanna Thompson, esgrimista estadounidense.
 Hanna Verboom, actriz holandesa.
 Hanna-Maria Seppälä, nadadora finesa.
 Kathleen Hanna, cantante, escritora y activista estadounidense.
 William Hanna, dibujante estadounidense, cofundador de los estudios Hanna-Barbera.
 Arthur Dion Hanna, gobernador general de Bahamas

Naturaleza
 Lago Hanna, masa de agua dulce en Pakistán;
 Huracán Hanna (2008), ciclón tropical;

Cine
 Hanna (película), de 2011;
 Hanna (serie de televisión) de 2022;
 Vincent Hanna, personaje ficticio de la película Heat;
 Hanna-Barbera, estudio de animación estadounidense;

Hanna


El Cañonero (Carl Burbank) es un personaje ficticio, un supervillano que aparece en los cómics estadounidenses publicados por Marvel Comics. Principalmente enemigo de Daredevil, también fue enemigo del Castigador y Wolverine.

Historial de publicaciones
Creado por Ann Nocenti y Rick Leonardi, el personaje hizo su primera aparición en Daredevil # 248 (noviembre de 1987).

Biografía del personaje ficticio
Originalmente sacerdote, Carl Burbank abandonó sus votos después de la muerte de jóvenes feligreses relacionada con las drogas. Se unió a la CIA, que lo equipó con un brazo cibernético y lo convirtió en un asesino bajo el nombre en código "Cañonero", pero finalmente se convirtió en un profesional independiente.

En algún momento, tuvo lugar un evento que obligó a Cañonero a comenzar una guerra contra todos los mutantes. Cañonero comenzó a cazar y asesinar mutantes, con mayor frecuencia aquellos mutantes cuyas habilidades, Cañonero percibió como haciéndolos especialmente talentosos en "las artes". Cañonero también afirmó que le pagaron grandes sumas de dinero para matar mutantes, pero esto aún no se ha verificado. Wolverine se enteró de las actividades de Cañonero y comenzó a cazar al asesino. Al mismo tiempo, la esposa de Cañonero, Marilyn, creía que su esposo estaba loco y necesitaba ser internado en un hospital. Ella buscó ayuda del abogado Matt Murdock (en secreto el héroe Daredevil). Cañonero fue rastreado y derrotado por los dos héroes, lo que dejó el lado derecho de su rostro horriblemente marcado, y fue puesto bajo custodia policial. Más tarde, Cañonero se unió con Typhoid Mary y otros enemigos de Daredevil en un plan para matar a su enemigo común. Después de la finalización del plan, Cañonero se dejó a sus propias actividades.

Al ingresar al empleo de Kingpin, Burbank atacó al Castigador, pero fue dado por muerto. Fue durante este tiempo que su esposa finalmente lo dejó. Reapareció en el empleo del narcotraficante Nick Lambert, quien contrató a Cañonero para matar al reportero Ben Urich, quien estaba a punto de contar una historia sobre sus actividades ilegales. En cambio, cuando Cañonero supo la verdad, permitió que Urich viviera y completara la exposición. Sin embargo, el narcotraficante logró sobornarse a sí mismo fuera de la cárcel. Cañonero luego lo mató. Cañonero fue liberado más tarde por Deathlok del cautiverio por Mecha Doom.

Las actividades posteriores lo pusieron en conflicto con Daredevil, Nómada, Punisher, Boomerang y Elektra. Su enfrentamiento con Nómada fue sobre la vida de un bebé que Nómada había cuidado bajo su cuidado, quien Cañonero creía que era la hija de Troy Donohue, el ex cuñado de Burbank (ella era en realidad la hija del enemigo de Nómada, el narcotraficante Umberto Saffilios y una prostituta adolescente). Cañonero esperaba que su esposa aprobara su "rescate" y le diera la bienvenida a su vida.

Encarcelado en la instalación de súper villanos de la Balsa, Burbank escapó durante la fuga masiva diseñada por Electro. Burbank fue empleado posteriormente por el Chacal para matar al Castigador, pero fue derrotado una vez más por Daredevil. Después de esto, Cañonero creó un disturbio en el centro de Manhattan y tomó a una mujer como rehén para atraer al Castigador fuera de su escondite y matarlo. El Castigador apareció como se esperaba. Como resultado, G. W. Bridge organizó el incidente en Times Square con Cañonero para emboscar y capturar al Castigador. Si bien un oficial de policía de Nueva York en el lugar surgió el incidente, el Castigador escapó y Cañonero fue derrotado por el operativo de S.H.I.E.L.D., G. W. Bridge y puesto de nuevo en la cárcel.

Capucha lo contrató como parte de su organización criminal para aprovechar la división en la comunidad de superhéroes causada por la Ley de Registro Superhumano. Los ayudó a luchar contra los Nuevos Vengadores, pero fue derribado por el Doctor Strange.

Como parte de la pandilla de Capucha, más tarde se une a la lucha contra la fuerza invasora Skrull en la ciudad de Nueva York. Fue con la Capucha cuando presentó el traje de Escorpión, a cualquier ladrón le impresionó hasta que el partido se estrelló por Escorpión, que robó el traje.

Cañonero fue visto durante el Asedio de Asgard como parte del sindicato del crimen de Capucha.

En X-Force: Sex and Violence # 2, Cañonero aparentemente fue asesinado por Wolverine después de un intento de asesinato contra él y Domino. Lo mataron con una garra media en la garganta.

Durante la historia de la Segunda Guerra Civil, Kingpin se encuentra con Cañonero en San Francisco.

Cañocero pareció ser asesinado cuando Hulk literalmente explotó cuando se bañó con demasiada radiación gamma.

Poderes y habilidades
Los brazos y la piel de Cañonero habían sido modificados usando plástico maleable que parece humano, pero que tiene una estructura biomolecular transformable que le proporciona una gran cantidad de poderes y habilidades únicos. Además de esto, ha sido alterado biónicamente para que sus manos puedan funcionar como un arma, espada u otro armamento en el que pueda pensar.

Burbank puede disparar balas desde su dedo índice como si su mano fuera una pistola. Con un pensamiento, puede alterar la configuración de su brazo derecho o izquierdo, permitiendo que funcionen en varios modos que reproducen los efectos de una serie de armas. Incluyendo una ametralladora, escopeta o incluso cañones basados en energía. Emplea artilugios y armas poderosas, sobre todo un lanzallamas, todo lo cual puede ser creado por las prótesis mecánicas que han reemplazado sus antebrazos. Se las arregla para cargar las armas tragando munición, como balas o combustible lanzallamas. Hay algunas versiones que llevan esto un paso más allá, ya que Cañocero puede usar armamento de energía altamente conmoción (muy similar al de Iron Man o War Machine), e incluso ser capaz de transformar su brazo en espadas como un último recurso. La piel de Cañocero puede licuarse para sellar heridas, incluso cuenta con un tipo de habilidad curativa que aparentemente puede revivirlo incluso de una lesión mortal.

En la miniserie Daredevil vs Punisher, se suponía que sus poderes son en realidad una mutación natural, por lo que el asesino mismo fue uno de los mutantes que tanto odia. Sin embargo, esto se contradice con sus otras apariencias que identifican los orígenes de sus poderes como cibernética.

El Cañonero ha sido entrenado en técnicas de la CIA, combate cuerpo a cuerpo, y es entrenado en infiltración y asesinato. También se ha familiarizado con el funcionamiento de las agencias de inteligencia internacionales y sus métodos.

Otras versiones

House of M
El Cañonero apareció en House of M en House of M: Masters of Evil.

En otros medios

Videojuegos
 En el arcade de 1993 The Punisher, Cañonero es un jefe que lucha en un tren.
 Cañonero desempeñó un papel en el videojuego de 2005 The Punisher. Se le ve trabajando para la familia Gnucci. Aparece por primera vez después de haber secuestrado a la vecina del Castigador, Joan, y amenaza con matarla en el zoológico del Central Park. Después de que el Castigador rescata a Joan y mata a Eddie Gnucci (en el funeral de su hermano), Ma Gnucci llama al Cañonero a su casa para protegerla. El jugador puede utilizar granadas de mano en contra de él para derrotarle más rápidamente. Después de ser derrotado, su brazo cibernético es arrancado y utilizado para dispararlo varios metros de distancia a las afueras de la finca Gnucci.
 Cañonero es uno de los personajes jugables en el juego descargable para PlayStation 3 The Punisher: No Mercy.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Bushwacker en Marvel.com
 Bushwacker en Marvel Wiki

Villanos de Marvel Comics
Asesinos ficticios
Cyborgs ficticios
Personajes de Marvel Comics con fuerza sobrehumana
Personajes de Punisher
Personajes creados por Ann Nocenti
Personajes de Marvel Comics que pueden cambiar de forma
Sacerdotes ficticios
Personajes de Marvel Comics con curación acelerada

Cañonero (Marvel Comics)


Partido Liberal Paulista (PLP) foi um partido político criado no estado de São Paulo durante a Era Vargas, Segunda República Brasileira, em 18 de fevereiro de 1933, por voluntários que combateram na Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932.

Propondo-se a lutar também pelo saneamento dos costumes políticos, pela independência e preeminência do Poder Judiciário e pela educação religiosa da juventude, o Partido Liberal Paulista não apresentou candidatos às eleições de maio de 1933 para a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte. Segundo seus estatutos, a indicação de candidatos seria atribuição das convenções de delegados do eleitorado devidamente inscritos e não houve tempo para convocá-las.

Segundo Henrique Monteiro, secretário do partido, num determinado momento teria sido cogitada a ideia de prestigiar os candidatos apresentados pela Federação dos Voluntários, cujo programa concordava com os objetivos do Partido Liberal Paulista.

Não desejando dispersar os votos, o Partido Liberal Paulista preferiu finalmente apresentar uma fórmula para a escolha da Chapa Única por São Paulo Unido: caberia ao presidente do Tribunal Regional Eleitoral indicar os candidatos e fixar os princípios pelos quais a bancada paulista deveria bater-se na Constituinte.

No mês de março, alguns dissidentes do Partido Republicano Paulista, chefiados por Ataliba Leonel, filiaram-se ao Partido Liberal Paulista, anunciando que Fernando de Sousa Costa, ex-chefe do PRP, pretendia fazer o mesmo.

Era Vargas
Partidos políticos extintos do Brasil
Fundações em São Paulo em 1933
Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932

Partido Liberal Paulista


La microrregión de Campo Mourão es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño del Paraná perteneciente a la mesorregión Centro Occidental Paranaense. Su población fue estimada en 2009 por el IBGE en 203.768 habitantes y está dividida en catorce municipios. Posee un área total de 7.069,266 km².

Municipios

 Araruna
 Barbosa Ferraz
 Campo Mourão
 Corumbataí do Sul
 Engenheiro Beltrão
 Farol
 Fênix
 Iretama
 Luiziana
 Mamborê
 Peabiru
 Quinta do Sol
 Roncador
 Terra Boa

Campo Mourão

Microrregión de Campo Mourão