Joachim Busse (* 10. März 1954) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Weitspringer.

1974 schied er bei den Leichtathletik-Europameisterschaften in Rom in der Qualifikation aus.
Bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften wurde er 1975 in Kattowitz Sechster, gewann 1976 in München Bronze und wurde 1980 in Sindelfingen und 1981 in Grenoble jeweils Fünfter.
Dreimal wurde er Deutscher Meister (1975, 1981, 1984) und viermal Vizemeister (1977, 1979, 1980, 1983) im Freien, zweimal Deutscher Meister (1975, 1980) und dreimal Vizemeister (1976, 1982, 1984) in der Halle.
Seine persönliche Bestleistung von 8,12 m stellte er am 19. Juli 1981 in Gelsenkirchen auf.

Joachim Busse startete für Bayer 05 Uerdingen, den ASV Köln und die LG Bayer Leverkusen.

Jochen Busse ist Diplom-Sportwissenschaftler für Rehabilitation und Sportphysiotherapeut mit Qualifikation Kinesiologie und Osteopathie.
1984 kehrte er als Trainer und Manager des Hochsprung-Olympiasiegers Dietmar Mögenburg in den aktiven Sport zurück. Jochen Busse übernahm auch für die Siebenkampf-Weltmeisterin Sabine Braun das Traineramt und führte seine Schützlinge zu den Olympischen Spielen 1988 in Seoul, 1992 in Barcelona und 1996 in Atlanta. 1988 wechselte Jochen Busse mit Dietmar Mögenburg von Berlin zum TV Wattenscheid. Bei der SG Wattenscheid 09 wurde er 1990 auch Reha- und Konditionstrainer beim Team von Hannes Bongartz. Dort arbeitete er u. a. mit Michael Preetz, Thorsten Fink und Uwe Neuhaus. Ab 1994 leitete Jochen Busse bis 2001 auch ein Rehazentrum in Essen. 2002 machte er sich als Physiotherapeut selbständig und betreute Profifußballer, Tennisspieler und bereitete die deutsche Tischtennis-Nationalmannschaft 2003 auf die Weltmeisterschaft vor.
Von 2013 bis 2015 war Jochen Busse im Resort Mark Brandenburg für den Bereich Sport- und Gesundheitsreisen verantwortlich.

Weitspringer (Deutschland)
Leichtathletiktrainer (Deutschland)
Sportler (Krefeld)
Leichtathlet (ASV Köln)
Leichtathlet (Bayer 04 Leverkusen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1954
Mann

Joachim Busse


Kvindesind Mandsmod - en fortælling fra Irak er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2008, der er instrueret af Katja Hemming Hansen.

Handling
Diktatoren Saddam Hussein er netop faldet, og Irak er i undtagelsestilstand, på kanten af kaos. Alligevel rejser en ung dansk kvinde, Lone Bendixen, ind i den kurdiske del af landet med ét brændende ønske: at gøre noget for de mange børn, der dagligt må arbejde på gaden for at forsørge familien. Filmen handler om mod, vilje og troen på, at man kan, hvad man vil. Også selvom man har alle odds imod sig.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2008

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark


Narkatiaganj es una ciudad de la India situada en el distrito de Pashchim Champaran, en el estado de Bihar. Según el censo de 2011, tiene una población de 49 507 habitantes.

Referencias

Localidades de Bihar

Narkatiaganj


Qasem Soleimani, također transliterirano kao Qassem Suleimani i Qassim Soleimani  (perzijski: قاسم سلیمانی) (Qanat-e Malek, 11. ožujka 1957. – Bagdad, 3. siječnja 2020.) bio je iranski general bojnik Iranske revolucionarne garde.

Bio je komandant 41. divizije tijekom Iransko-iračkoga rata, a kasnije je bio uključen u operacije podrške iranskim saveznicima izvan Irana, ponajviše Kurdima u Iraku, Hezbollahu u Libanonu i Hamasu u palestinskim teritorijama. Od 2012. pomagao je Asadovoj vladi tijekom sirijskoga građanskoga rata, ponajviše u borbama protiv ISIL-a.

Pogibija

Poginuo je tijekom zračnoga napada na bagdadsku zračnu luku 3. siječnja 2020. godine. Postumno mu je dodijeljen čin general-potpukovnika.

Posljedice pogibije
Nakon njegove smrti, za zapovjednika Quds jedinice izabran je Esmail Ghaani.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 David Ignatius, At the Tip of Iran's Spear, Washington Post, 8. lipnja 2008.
 Martin Chulov, Qassem Suleimani: the Iranian general 'secretly running' Iraq, The Guardian, 28. srpnja 2011.
 Dexter Filkins, The Shadow Commander, The New Yorker, 30. rujna 2013.
 Ali Mamouri, The Enigma of Qasem Soleimani And His Role in Iraq, Al-Monitor, 13. listopada 2013.
 Profil na BBC Radio 4

Životopisi, Iran
Oružane snage Irana

Qasem Soleimani


Dying in Dixieland er en film instrueret af Martin Sundstrøm.

Handling
I dette liv kan man både dø og dræbe. Mennesker kan begge dele. Staten kan det ene. Mød Karl. Han skal snart henrettes.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2009
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Dying in Dixieland


නොකා ඉන්න පුළුවන් නම් හොඳයි කියලා හිතෙන තරමට අපිට කෑමෙන් වන ලෙඩ, වේලක් ඉව්වාම අනෙක් වේලට උයන්න හොඳ මොනවද කියල අහස පොළව ගැටලන්න කල්පනා කරන්න වෙලා. සමහරු කියනවා අපිට කන්න වෙලා තියෙන්නෙ වස විස කියලා. ඒකමද හේතුව අපි ලෙඩ වෙන්න, මේක වළක්ව ගන්න ක්‍රමයක් නැද්ද? අද අපි කතා කරන්නෙ කොහොමද ඊළඟ කෑම වේල සැලසුම් කරන්නෙ කියලා.

සිංහල වෙදකමේ සාරය තමයි අපි උගුරෙන් පල්ලෙහාට ගන්නා දෙයින් අපිව නිරෝගී කිරීම. ඒ කියන්නේ කෑම බීමෙන් නිරෝගී කිරීම තමයි අභ්‍යන්තර දර්ශනය.

ආහාරය තවත් එක කෂාය වර්ගයක් කියලා හිතන්නකෝ. එතනින්ම ප්‍රශ්නය විසඳෙනවා!

ගෙදරක අම්මා සකස් කරන ආහාරය සරලව කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදන්න පුළුවනි. ඒ තමයි කැඳ සහ බත්. කැඳ ගැන හෙට කතා කරන්න තියලා අද බත් ගැන කතා කරමු. බත් කියන්නේ මෙතන බෝජනය, බොජුන් ආයෙමත් කොටස් පහකට බෙදෙනවා. ඒ බත්, කොමු (ධාන්‍ය වර්ග පිටි කර හදන කෑම), අත්සුණු (හාල් පිටි කර හදන කෑම), මාළු (එළවළු ව්‍යංජන) සහ මස් (ගොඩ මස් සහ මත්ස්‍ය ආහාර) ඒ කියන කසාය සීට්ටු වර්ග පහ. අපිට එක් වේලකට මේ කියන ඒවායින් එකක් හරි දෙකක් නැත්නම් කීපයක් සමහර විට පහම හදා ගන්න වෙනවා.

උදේ කෑම වේල සඳහා බත් නැත්නම් තිරිඟු, කුරක්කන්, මෙනේරි, යව (බාර්ලි), හාල් වැනි ධාන්‍ය පිටි වලින් හැදූ ආහාරයක් ගැනීමයි පුරුද්ද. මේ මොන කෑමක් ගත්තත් එයින් අරමුණු දෙකක් ඉටුකර ගන්න අපේක්ෂා කළා අපි කාලයක හිටන්ම. එයින් පළමුවැන්න තමයි දවසේ වරුවක් ඒ කියන්නේ උදේ වරුව වැඩ කරන්න ඕන කරන ශක්තිය හයිය ලබා ගන්න එක. අපිට සෞඛ්‍ය පාඩමට ඉස්කෝලේ උගන්නපු විදියට පිෂ්ටධාතු වැඩිපුර අඩංගු ආහාරයක් තමයි ඒක. අනික් අරමුණ තමයි ඇඟේ ඇති වී තිබෙන ගිලන් බවක් තිබෙනවා නම් ඒකට ගැලපෙන බෙහෙතක් ගැනීම. කොහොමද ඒක කරන්නේ. ඒක කරන්නේ දොස්තරලා දෙන්නෙක් එකතු වෙලා. ඒ අම්මයි තාත්තයි. ඊයේ රෑ පවුලේ අය එකට එකතු වෙලා කතා කරන වෙලාවේ නැත්නම් විශේෂයෙන්ම අම්මාට වාර්තා වුණු පුංචි පුංචි "රෝග ලක්ෂණ" සලකා බලලා තමයි මේ තීරණයට දෙදෙනොගේ අනුමැතිය එකඟතාව ඇති වෙන්නේ. ඒ විතරක් නෙවෙයි අද දවසේ ඊළඟ වේල වෙනකම් කොච්චර වෙලාවක් පවුලේ එක් එක් සාමාජිකයාට ඉන්න වෙනවද කියලත් බලනවා. පවුලේ ආර්ථිකය අනුව සමහර වෙලාවට ලොකු වෙනසක් කරන්න අමාරු වෙන්න පුළුවන්. තුන් වේලටම බත්, නැත්නම් කුරක්කන් වලින් යැපෙන්න වෙන වෙලාවල් තියෙනවා. ඒ වෙලාවට අවශ්‍ය වෙනස කෙරෙන්නේ හදන මාළු පිනි වලින්.

හීල් බත වුනත්, නැත්නම් උදේට බතක් ඉව්වත්, සමහර විට කිරිබතක් ඒත් නැත්නම් පාන්, ඉඳි ආප්ප, ආප්ප, කුරහන් රොටි, තලප වැනි ආහාරයක් වුනත් ඒ සමග ගත යුතු වන්නේ ඇඹුලකි. ඇඹුල කියන්නේ පොල් කිරි මුසු නොකර ගොරකා, සියඹලා, තක්කාලි වැනි ඇඹුල් වර්ගයක් යහමින් දමා හදන මාළුවකි. බොහෝ පෝෂණීය මාළු වර්ග, පොලොස්, අඹ, ඇඹරැල්ලා, කරවල වර්ග, ඇඹුලට හදා ගත හැකිය. එය ඇඹුලේ අඩංගු ඇඟ වඩවන පෝෂක සහ බත හෝ කොමු ආහාරය පහසුවෙන් දිරවීමට සලස්වයි. උදේ වරුවේ වැය කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය ශක්තිය ඉක්මනින් මුදා හැරෙන්නේ ඒ ලෙසය. ඇඹුල් අධික ආහාර පිත යහමින් වඩයි. ඇඹුලට පිසෙන ආහාර වැඩි හරියක් ගිනියමින් අධිකය. වැඩි ශක්තියක් ලබා දෙයි. ඇඟ වඩයි. එහෙත් වැඩි වන ගිනියම් ගතිය සහ පිත යළිත් සම තත්ත්වයට ගැනීමට ඊළඟ වේලට නියඹලාවක් අඩංගු විය යුතු වේ. හාල් (බැද හෝ නොබැද), පොල් (බැද හෝ නොබැද), තුනපහ (බැද හෝ නොබැද), සුලු ලූණු, අමු මිරිස්, කුරුඳු ආදිය ගෙන තුනී වන විදියට අඹරා හොද්දට දමා කිරි ද එකතු කර උකුවට උයන මාළුව නියඹලාවයි. ඒ විදියට පිපිඤ්ඤා, කැකිරි, තියඹරා, අළු කෙහෙල්, වට්ටක්කා, වට්ටක්කා දළු, කෙසෙල් බඩ, කොහිල අල, කොස් ඇට කළුපොල් වැනි ඇඟ නිවන ආමාශය, බඩවැල් පවිත්‍ර කරන කෑමක් හදා ගත හැකිය. වැඩිවන උෂ්ණ ගතිය පාලනය කළත් එයින් එතරම් ඇඟ වඩවන පෝෂණ ගුණයක් සැපයෙන්නේ නැති නිසා කොළ මැල්ලුමක්, හොද්දට හැදූ මාළු හෝ ධාන්‍ය වර්ගයක් එක් කරගත හැකිය. මැල්ලුමට කොළ වර්ග මෙන්ම මුංඇට, පැහී ගෙන එන කොස්, පැපොල් ගැට, තිබ්බටු ආදී ඔසුවක් එකතු කරන්නට වුනත් පුළුවනි. එයින් ශරීරය ඇතුලේ වැඩට යෙදී වියදම් වන හිතකර ලෝහ වර්ග සහ "විටමින්" වගේම ලෙඩරෝග වලට ඔරොත්තුව, රෝග ඇති කරන විසම ගති, නිවාලන ඔසු ගුණ "සංචිතය" ආපසු යතා තත්ත්වයට ගන්නට උදව් කරයි. වටපිටාවේ රස්නය වැඩි දවල් දවසේ තෙල් අඩංගු කෑම සුදුසු නැති වුවත් සීත පෙදෙස්වල ජීවත් වන විට හෝ අනෙක් පළාත්වල සීත කාලයට නැත්නම් හීතල ඇති රෑ කාලයට තෙල් සහිත ආනමක් බැදුමක් එකතු කර ගැනීමයි හොඳ. වතුරේ දිය නොවන බොහෝ ඔසු ගුණ තෙලේ දියවේ. ඇරත් ඇඟට තෙල් ද අවශ්‍ය වේ. ඒ වුවමනාව අම්මා පිරිමහින්නේ ආනමක් බැදුමක් හැදීමෙනි. දිය කිරෙන් හෝ වතුරෙන් තම්බා ගන්නා එළවළුව හෝ ධාන්‍ය වර්ගය පසුව තෙම්පරාදු කර හදන මාළුව ආනමයි. එළවළු කීපයක් මිශ්‍ර ආනම අම්මා තෝරා ගන්නේ සරු කාලවලදීය. කොල්ලු, මුංඇට, කව්පි, කඩල, කෙකටිය, දිය හබරල, කැරැන් කොකු, මියනදළු, ගෝවා මල්, ආදී කෑම සුදුසු වන්නේ ආනමටයි. තෙල් ආහාරයට එකතු කර ගැනීමේ අයහපත් ආනිසංස අම්මා සමනයට පත් කරන්නේ පහුවෙනිදා උදේට ඇඹුලක් හැදීමෙනි. ඒ විතරක් නොවේ. පවුලේ කෙනෙකුට සෙම වැඩි වුණත්, අම්මා නියඹලාවට තාවකාලිකව සමුදෙයි. හොද්දට බසී. හොද්දට හදන එළවළු සහ මාළු වර්ග කොයිකටත් ඔට්ටු ඒවාය. හොද්ද දිය කිරි සහ මිටි කිරි දමා පිසින මාළුවයි. පස්මාළුවම (ඇඹුල, ආනම, නියඹලාව, හොද්ද, මැල්ලුම) බැදුමක් ද ඇතුව තව තැම්බුමක් (අල වර්ගයක්, කොස් දෙල් ආදිය) සමග පිසෙන්නේ අමුතු බතයි. අමුතු යන ආගන්තුක යන තේරුමයි. නිවසට ආගන්තුකයෙකු පැමිණි විට මේ වෙනස කරන්නේ ඇත්තටම වෙනසකටය. එදාට වැඩ කරන ශ්‍රම බලකායට නිවාඩු දවසක් ද වේ. මේ ඇරුණාම විශේෂ "කසාය සීට්ටු" කීපයක්ද වේ. මිරිස් හොද්ද, කායම් හොද්ද, තැම්බුම් හොද්ද, දිය බත, අමු හොද්ද ආදී ලෙසින් කලාතුරකින් පිසෙන කෑම වර්ග ඒ ගණයට අයත් වේ. කෙනෙකුට ආහාර අරුචියක්, ඕනෑවට වඩා පුරවා දැමීමක්, අජීර්ණයක් හැදුණා නම් තැම්බුම් හොද්ද බහුකාර්ය විසඳුමක් ලබා දෙයි.

අපි මේ කෑම වේලේ අඩු පාඩු මෙන්ම වැඩි පාඩු ඊළඟ වේලෙන් පිරිමහින සිංහල ක්‍රමය ඉගෙන ගෙන "තුන් වේලටම පෝෂක ද්‍රව්‍ය හයක් සමබරව ගන්න, එහෙම අරගෙන ඉස්පිරිතාලෙට එන්න" කියන බටහිර ක්‍රමයට සමුදෙමු.

නිරෝගී ආහාර රටාව


Dolné Mladonice este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Krupina din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 132 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna .

Istoric
Localitatea Dolné Mladonice este atestată documentar din 1391.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Dolné Mladonice


Der Stahlblaue Rötling (Entoloma nitidum) ist ein giftiger Pilz aus der Familie der Rötlingsverwandten (Entolomataceae).

Merkmale

Makroskopische Merkmale
Der dünnfleischige Hut ist zunächst glocken- oder halbkugelförmig, später gewölbt oder selten auch fast flach mit einem deutlichen, stumpfen Buckel und erreicht 2–5 cm im Durchmesser. Die glatte, matte Hutoberfläche ist dunkel- bis stahlblau, später etwas blasser gefärbt und lässt ein radialfaseriges Muster von eingewachsenen Fasern erkennen. Der ungeriefte Hutrand ist anfangs eingerollt, später flach und reißt bei Trockenheit oft tief ein.
Die untermischt und mit etwas Abstand stehenden Lamellen sind zunächst weißlich und verfärben sich mit fortschreitender Sporenreife zunehmend rötlich. Sie sind am Stiel ausgebuchtet angewachsen oder fast frei stehend. Die Lamellenschneiden sind bauchig geformt und glatt.
Der Stiel wird 3–9 cm hoch und 2,5–5, in der Mitte auch bis 7 mm stark, ist weitgehend zylindrisch geformt und verlängert sich kurz wurzelartig ins Substrat. Seine Oberfläche ist hutfarben oder etwas heller und nahe der Basis etwas gelblich oder weiß. Er ist längsfaserig und zerbrechlich beschaffen und innen vollfleischig oder mit einer schmalen, leeren bis wattig ausgestopften Höhlung.
Das weiche, weißliche Fleisch hat kaum Geschmack und einen leichten mehlartigen oder etwas unangenehmen Geruch.

Mikroskopische Merkmale
Die Fruchtschicht überzieht auch die Lamellenschneiden und weist keine Zystiden auf. Ihre Basidienzellen messen 24–36 (selten bis 45) auf 7,5–12,5 Mikrometer. Daran wachsen je vier der eckig geformten, rosabraunen Sporen, welche 6,5–10 × 5,5–8 µm messen und relativ dünne Wände aufweisen. Auf Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahmen zeigen sie (manchmal) ein unvollständiges Netz.
Die Huthaut ist eine Ixocutis aus radial verlaufenden, 2,5–6 Mikrometer starken, zylindrisch geformten Hyphen. Der blaue Farbstoff findet sich in den Zellen.
Es sind reichlich Schnallenverbindungen im Gewebe vorhanden.

Artabgrenzung

Die optisch sehr ähnlichen Fruchtkörper von Entoloma alcedicolor riechen nach Knoblauch und besitzen eine anders aufgebaute Hutdeckschicht. Die Art ist bislang nur von der Typuslokalität bekannt. Der eng verwandte und seltene Lilablaue oder Blaue Rötling (Entoloma bloxamii) lebt nicht im Wald, sondern auf Offengrasflächen und besitzt kräftigere Frk. Ähnliche Färbungen finden sich außerdem bei Leptonia carnea (es hat eine schuppigere Hutoberfläche und größere Sporen), Entoloma trachysporum var. purpureoviolaceum, Leptonia occidentalis var. metallica sowie den seltenen Leptonia cyaneonita, Leptonia cyanea und Leptonia violaceonigra. Darüber hinaus gleicht der Stahlblaue Rötling in der Erscheinung der Frk. bis auf die unterschiedliche Färbung dem Drehstiel-Rötling (Entoloma turbidum).

Ökologie, Phänologie und Verbreitung
Der Stahlblaue Rötling lebt als Saprobiont in gewöhnlich zumindest oberflächlich humosen und sauren, sowie tiefer auch häufig kalkhaltigen Böden von Nadel- oder Mischwäldern. Er fruchtet zwischen August und November einzeln oder in kleinen Gruppen. Die Art ist in Europa weit verbreitet, in Nordwesteuropa örtlich auch häufig, und kommt auch in Nordamerika vor.

Bedeutung

Inhaltsstoffe
In den Fruchtkörpern kommen unter anderem Polysaccharide mit krebshemmender Wirkung vor.

Speisewert
Er wirkt bei Verzehr giftig auf den menschlichen Organismus.

Systematik und Taxonomie
Die Erstbeschreibung stammt aus dem 1883 veröffentlichten Werk "Quelques especes critiques ou nouvelles de la Flore Mycologique de France" von Lucien Quélet. Der französische Mykologe ordnete die Art bereits den Rötlingen (Entoloma) zu. Machiel Evert Noordeloos gliedert die Gattung und teilt die Art der Untergattung Entoloma, Sektion Entoloma, Untersektion Entoloma zu. Der niederländische Mykologe stellt zudem Überlegungen an, die Sektion zusammen mit der Sektion Turfosa aufgrund von Sporenähnlichkeiten in die Gattung der Tellerlinge (Rhodocybe) zu überschreiben. Auch andere Forscher kommen zu derlei Überlegungen, doch eine endgültigere Klärung der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse erfordert noch weitere Untersuchungen.

Quellen

Weblinks

Rötlinge
Giftpilz

Stahlblauer Rötling


الشحيل قرية تتبع ناحية البصيرة في دير الزور سوريا تقع على ضفاف نهر الفرات شرقاً ويصب حيث تكون ملتقى النهرين الخابور والفرات ويصب نهر الخابور في أول المدينة من جهة البصيرة. يغلب على مدينة الشحيل الزراعة فلذلك أكثرهم يعملون كمزارعين، إذ يزرع بها القمح والقطن والذرة والنباتات ( بقجة ) وبعض الفواكه الصيفية يحد المدينة من جهة الغرب نهر الفرات حتى نهايتها ومن جهة الشرق منطقة الحوايج، ومن جهة الشمال البادية السورية إلى حدود العراق. تبعد مدينة الشحيل عن محافظة دير الزور 45 كم وعن مدينة الميادين 10 كم. وعن مدينة البوكمال 95كم : وتعد مدينة الشحيل من أكبر المدن في الدرجة الثالثة، في المحافظة : ومساحة الشحيل 36000000مليون متر مربع و36000دونم تقريباً. وتعداد سكانها 14005 نسمة.

أماكن مأهولة على نهر الفرات
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة دير الزور
أماكن مأهولة في ناحية البصيرة

الشحيل


Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story é uma série de televisão de drama policial biográfica norte-americana, criada por Ryan Murphy e Ian Brennan. A série é estrelada por Evan Peters como o assassino em série Jeffrey Dahmer. Estreou em 21 de setembro de 2022 na Netflix.

Enredo
DAHMER - Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story narra a história de um dos assassinos em série mais notórios da América, amplamente contada do ponto de vista das vítimas de Jeffrey Dahmer, e mergulha profundamente na incompetência e apatia da polícia que permitiu que o nativo de Wisconsin continuasse uma matança de vários anos. A série dramatiza pelo menos 10 casos em que Dahmer quase foi preso, mas acabou solto.

Elenco e personagens

Principal
 Evan Peters como Jeffrey Dahmer
 Richard Jenkins como Lionel Dahmer
 Molly Ringwald como Shari Dahmer
 Michael Learned como Catherine Dahmer
 Niecy Nash como Glenda Cleveland

Recorrente
 Michael Beach como Dennis Murphy
 Shaun J. Brown como Tracy Edwards
 Colby French como Patrick Kennedy
 Penelope Ann Miller como Joyce Dahmer
 Dyllón Burnside como Ronald Flowers
 Karen Malina White como Shirley Hughes
 David Barrera como Philip Arreola

Convidado
 Mac Brandt como Robert Rauth
 Grant Harvey como Rolf Mueller
 Matthew Alan como Joseph Gabrish
 Scott Michael Morgan como John Balcerzak
 Josh Braaten como Lionel Dahmer jovem
 Savannah Brown como Joyce Dahmer jovem
 Nick A. Fisher como Jeffrey Dahmer jovem
 Cameron Cowperthwaite como Steven Hicks
 Vince Hill-Bedford como Steven Tuomi
 Blake Cooper Griffin como Charles
 Matt Cordova como Detetive Rauss
 Rodney Burford como Tony Hughes
 Nikyla Boxley como Shirley Hughes jovem
 Karl Makinen como Clyde Reynolds
 Nigel Gibbs como Jesse Jackson
 Brandon Black como Dean Vaughn
 Raphael Sbarge como John Norquist
 Ken Lerner como Joe Zilber
 Khetphet "KP" Phagnasay como Southone Sinthasomphone
 Dominic Burgess como John Wayne Gacy
 Chris Greene como Capelão Adams
 Furly Mac como Christopher Scarver
 Linda Park como Julie Yang

Episódios

Produção

Desenvolvimento
Em 2 de outubro de 2020, o site Deadline anunciou que Ryan Murphy e Ian Brennan estariam desenvolvendo uma série sobre o serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer para a Netflix. Em 25 de agosto de 2022, a Netflix liberou um teaser de Evan Peters caracterizado como Jeffrey Dahmer. Em 16 de setembro de 2022, a Netflix liberou um trailer e um pôster e divulgou que a data de estreia será em 21 de setembro de 2022.

Seleção de elenco
Em 2 de outubro de 2020, o site Deadline anunciou que o ator Richard Jenkins se juntou ao elenco da série e que ele interpretará Lionel Dahmer, o pai de Dahmer. Em 23 de março de 2021, o site Deadline anunciou que os atores Evan Peters, Penelope Ann Miller, Niecy Nash, Shaun J. Brown e Colin Ford se juntaram ao elenco da série. Peters interpretará o serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer; Miller interpretará Joyce Dahmer, a mãe de Dahmer; Nash interpretará Glenda Cleveland, uma vizinha de Dahmer; Brown interpretará Tracy Edwards, a última vítima de Dahmer; Ford interpretará Chazz. Em 31 de março de 2021, o site Deadline anunciou que a atriz Michael Learned se juntou ao elenco da série e que ela interpretará Catherine Dahmer, a avó de Dahmer.

Filmagens
As filmagens ocorreram entre março e setembro de 2021.

Ligações externas

Séries de televisão de drama dos Estados Unidos
Séries de televisão de drama policial dos Estados Unidos
Séries de televisão biográficas dos Estados Unidos
Programas da Netflix
Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Programas de televisão dos Estados Unidos que estrearam em 2022
Representações culturais de Jeffrey Dahmer
Telefilmes premiados com o Globo de Ouro de melhor ator


Dick James (born Reginald Leon Isaac Vapnick; 12 December 1920 – 1 February 1986) was a British music publisher and singer. He and Brian Epstein established the Beatles' publisher Northern Songs. Later, with his son Stephen, James founded the DJM record label and recording studios, which signed Elton John and Bernie Taupin.

Early life

James was born on 12 December 1920 in the East End of London, to Polish Jewish immigrants. His father was a kosher butcher.

He sang with North London dance bands in his early teens, and was a regular vocalist at the Cricklewood Palais by the age of seventeen. James joined the Henry Hall band, and made first radio broadcast in 1940, but joined the Army in 1942. After World War II he continued to sing with leading bands, including Geraldo's. Later still, James was also a part-time member of The Stargazers, a popular early 1950s vocal group. In the 1950s he often appeared in the top ten Melody Maker vocal charts alongside the likes of Dickie Valentine and Frank Holder.

He was the singer of the theme songs of The Adventures of Robin Hood and The Buccaneers, from British television in the 1950s, and was a friend and associate of the record producer George Martin.

Switch to publishing
James entered the music publishing business as his singing career tapered off. In 1958, he joined Sidney Bron Music as a song-plugger but decided to leave and open Dick James Music in 1961. In early 1963, he was contacted by Brian Epstein who was looking for a publisher for the second Beatles single, "Please Please Me". James called Philip Jones, producer of the TV show Thank Your Lucky Stars, played the record down the phone to him and secured the band's first nationwide television appearance. The pair subsequently established Northern Songs Ltd., with Beatles John Lennon and Paul McCartney, to publish Lennon and McCartney's original songs (fellow Beatles George Harrison and Ringo Starr were also signed to Northern Songs as songwriters, but did not renew their contracts in 1968). James's company, Dick James Music, administered Northern Songs.

What initially began as an amicable working relationship between the Beatles and James disintegrated by the late 1960s: the Beatles considered that James had betrayed and taken advantage of them when he sold Northern Songs in 1969 without offering the band an opportunity to buy control of the publishing company. James profited handsomely from the sale of Northern Songs, but the Beatles never again had the rights to their own songs.

During the 1960s, James also handled Billy J. Kramer and Gerry and the Pacemakers. James lived in Anson Road, Cricklewood, north-west London, in the 1960s. He was involved, along with Brian Epstein, in offering Bobby Willis a singing contract which he turned down on his future wife, Cilla Black's, insistence. Willis was a backing singer on Cilla Black's "You're My World".

Later days
James signed Elton John (then known as Reginald Dwight) and his lyricist Bernie Taupin as untried unknowns in 1967 after his son, Stephen, who had been working with his father since 1963, found Dwight using their recording studios late at night without permission. Stephen, who had started the recording studios and opened a record production company called This Productions, formed DJM Records in 1969.

Stephen instigated Dwight's adoption of the stage name "Elton John" and oversaw his first recording contract. All of John's releases up to 1976 were issued on the DJM record label. The label also carried Jasper Carrott, RAH Band, Danny Kirwan, and John Inman.

John formed his own Rocket label in 1973, but in 1982 he was involved in a court case with James about royalties.

In June 1985, the British music magazine NME reported that John was suing James over the rights to his earlier material – a case which John lost.

Death

James died in London of a heart attack on 1 February 1986, at the age of 65. Dick James Music was acquired by PolyGram which was, in turn, bought by Universal Music Group. The Dick James catalog is currently part of Universal Music Publishing Group.

UK chart hits
"Robin Hood"/"The Ballad of Davy Crockett" (1956) – number 14
"Garden of Eden" (1957) – number 18

Notes

References

 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

External links

'Robin Hood' song connections webpage
Detailed website concerning Beatles song rights, including Dick James references
James mini-biography at the Musicweb site
beatlesbible.com bio

British Army personnel of World War II
English male singers
English Jews
Jewish singers
English music publishers (people)
English record producers
Elton John
1920 births
1986 deaths
British music industry executives
20th-century English singers
English people of Polish-Jewish descent
King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry soldiers
British Parachute Regiment soldiers
20th-century English businesspeople
20th-century British male singers

Dick James


Inscripțiile georgiene din Nazaret au fost găsite în Nazaret în timpul excavărilor arheologice în 1955-1960, conduse de către un arheolog italian, și preot din ordinul franciscan Bellarmino Bagatti.

Inscripțiile au fost găsite pe perete în Biserica Bunei Vestiri din orașul Nazaret. Au fost datate nu mai târziu în anul 427 prin metoda arheologică, deoarece erau plasate sub o biserică ulterior construită, unde au fost folosite multe cruci în picturile de pe podea, lucru care a fost interzis prin edictul emis în anul 427.

Conform izvoarelor istorice, inscripțiile georgiene ar fi putut  apărea  în interiorul Bisericii Bunei Vestiri din Nazaret numai în anii 330-427. Aceste inscripții au fost studiate de savantul și descifratorul Zaza Aleksidze. Concluzia  savantului este foarte interesantă:

Inscripțiile din Biserica Bunei Vestiri din Nazaret din ziua de azi au fost îndepărtate de perete  și sunt prezervate în diferite muzee din jurul lumii.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Istoria Culturii Tradiționale Georgiene, Tbilisi, 2017
 B. Bagatti,  Excavations in Nazareth. I: From the Beginning till the XII Century (SBF. Collectio Maior 17), Jerusalem 1969
 Z. Alexidze, "Louvre, Mt. Sinai, Nazareth: Epigraphic Etudes", Tbilisi 2000, 10-25 (in Georgian).

Inscripții georgiene

Inscripțiile georgiene din Nazaret


Daniell pili, (veya Daniel pili, Daniel hücresi), İngiliz kimyacı ve meteorolog John Frederic Daniell tarafından 1836'da keşfedilmiş bir pil.

Pillerin tarihsel gelişiminin ilk aşamalarında Volta piline göre büyük bir gelişme olarak kabul edilir. Bakır ve çinko elektrotların kullanıldığı ve yaklaşık 1.1 volt elektrik gerilimi üreten bir pildir. Her elektrot kendi tuzlarının bulunduğu çözeltilere daldırılmıştır ve arada poröz bir bölme ile birbirlerinden ayrılmıştır. Çinko elektrot çözünürken, bakır iyonları ise kendi elektrodu üzerinde toplanır. Oluşan kimyasal reaksiyon:

Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu

şeklindedir.

Kimya

Daniell hücresinde, bakır ve çinko elektrotlar, sırasıyla bakır (II) sülfat ve çinko sülfat çözeltilerine daldırılmıştır. Anotta çinko, aşağıda gösterilen yarı-hücre reaksiyonu gereğince oksitlenirken;

Zn → Zn2+ + 2e−

katotta da bakır redüklenir;

Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu.

Bu yarı hücre reaksiyonlarından hiçbiri tek başına gerçekleşemeyeceği için, iki yarı hücre, iyonların serbestçe hareket edebileceği şekilde birbirine bağlanmalıdır. İyonların akışına izin veren poröz bir bariyer veya seramik disk, iki çözeltiyi birbirinden ayırma amaçlı olarak kullanılabilir. Yarı hücreler iki farklı kap içerisine yerleştirilir ve iki hücre birbirine bir tuz köprüsü yardımıyla bağlanır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Daniell hücresi interaktif rehber (İng.) National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
 Daniel hücresi deneyi (İng.)

Piller

Daniell pili


A Segunda Divisão do Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 2023, também conhecida como Primera Nacional de 2023 e oficialmente como Campeonato de Primera Nacional 2023, é a 39.ª edição da Primera Nacional (antiga Primera B Nacional), campeonato de clubes equivalente à segunda divisão profissional do futebol argentino (a 5.ª como "Primera Nacional"). O certame é organizado pela Associação do Futebol Argentino (AFA), entidade máxima do futebol na Argentina.

Começou em 3 de fevereiro e terminará em dezembro de 2023. Trinta e sete equipes competem na liga: trinta e três que permanceram da temporada de 2022, dois que foram rebaixados da Liga Profissional de 2022 (Aldosivi e Patronato), um promovido da Primera B de 2022 (Defensores Unidos) e um do Torneo Federal A de 2022 (Racing de Córdoba).

Em 29 de outubro, no estádio Mario Kempes, em Córdoba, o Independiente Rivadavia sagrou-se campeão da segunda divisão de 2023. Com gols de Brian Sánchez, que acabou sendo expulso, e de Victorio Ramis, o Lepra [apelido do clube], de Mendoza, derrotou o Almirante Brown por 2–0 na final e disputará a Liga Profissional de 2024.

Regulamento
Para esta temporada, a competição é disputada num formato semelhante ao utilizado na temporada de 2021, com as trinta e sete equipas participantes divididas em duas zonas, uma de 19 equipes e outra de 18 equipes, onde jogam entre si dentro de seu grupo duas vezes: uma em casa e outra fora, com uma equipe da Zona A folgando a cada rodada. Nenhuma jornada interzonal ou derby será disputada, e times da mesma cidade foram sorteados em zonas diferentes. Os vencedores de ambas as zonas jogarão uma partida final em campo neutro para decidir o primeiro time promovido à Liga Profissional para a temporada de 2024, enquanto as equipes classificadas do segundo ao oitavo lugar em cada zona jogarão um torneio eliminatório (Torneo Reducido) para a segundo vaga de promoção junto com o perdedor da final. As equipes que terminarem na última posição de cada zona serão rebaixadas no final da temporada.

O sorteio para decidir os jogos da temporada foi realizado em 29 de dezembro de 2022 na sede da Associação do Futebol Argentino em Ezeiza.

Participantes

Fase de grupos

Grupo A
 Atualizada em 16 de outubro de 2023.

Grupo B
 Atualizada: 15 de outubro de 2023.

Fase final

Final pelo título e pelo primeiro acesso à Primera División

Fase eliminatória

Primera fase do Torneo "Reducido" pelo segundo acesso à Primera División

Segunda fase do Torneo "Reducido" pelo segundo acesso à Primera División

Semifinal do Torneo "Reducido" pelo segundo acesso à Primera División

Final do Torneo "Reducido" pelo segundo acesso à Primera División

Premiação

Ver também
 Liga Profissional de 2023
 Copa da Liga Profissional de 2023
 Primera B de 2023
 Torneo Federal de 2023
 Primera C de 2023
 Primera D de 2023
 Copa da Argentina de 2024

Ligações externas
 Primera Nacional  no site oficial da Associação do Futebol Argentino
 Primera Nacional de 2023  no portal esportivo Soccerway
 Primera Nacional  no portal esportivo TyC Sports
 Primera Nacional  no portal esportivo Olé
 Primera Nacional  no portal esportivo ESPN Argentina
 Primera Nacional  no site Promiedos
 Primera Nacional  no site Solo Ascenso
 Primera Nacional  no portal esportivo GOAL
 Primera Nacional  no site Mundo Ascenso
 Primera Nacional  no site Clarín

Futebol de 2023 na Argentina
B

Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 2023 – Segunda Divisão


Kaş, gözlerin üzerindeki kısa kıllardır. Şu anlamlara da gelebilir:

Yerleşim yerleri
 Kaş, Antalya, Antalya ili ilçesi
 Kaş, Kelkit, Gümüşhane ili Kelkit ilçesine bağlı belde
 Kaş, Gürün, Sivas ili Gürün ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kaş, Anamur, Mersin ili Anamur ilçesine bağlı yayla

Kaş (anlam ayrımı)


Die Kapelle Unser Herr im Elend ist eine römisch-katholische Kapelle in Bruggen in der Gemeinde Längenfeld in Tirol.

Die Kapelle steht erhöht am östlichen Talhang des Totterschrofen an der alten Talstraße. Der große Kapellenbau aus dem 19. Jahrhundert mit Lisenengliederung und Rundbogenfenstern, mit einem Dachreiter mit einer Biedermeierhaube, steht auf Subkonstruktionen. Die Fassade ist nach Osten gerichtet. An ein kreuzgratgewölbtes Joch schließt eine Rundapsis an.

Der spätbarocke Altar trägt die Figuren Unser Herr im Elend (Matreier Christus) aus dem 17. Jahrhundert. Die Figuren Trauernde Maria und Johannes schuf Josef Anton Renn in der 2. Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts.

Literatur
 Dehio Tirol 1980, Längenfeld, Kapelle Unser Herr im Elend, in Bruggen, S. 463.

Baudenkmal (Tirol)
Kirchengebäude in Tirol
Längenfeld

Kapelle Bruggen


7078 Unojönsson este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7078 Unojönsson este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kvistaberg de Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,43 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 3,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1985
Centura de asteroizi

7078 Unojönsson


دايملر بنز  شركة ألمانية مصنعة للسيارات والمحركات والمركبات تأسست عام 1926 ويقع مركزها في مدينة شتوتغارت في ولاية بادن-فورتمبيرغ جنوب ألمانيا.

خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية أشرفت مصانع الشركة على تصميم وتصنيع الدبابة الألمانية بانزر بطرازاتها وفئاتها المختلفة كما صنعت الشركة محركات للغواصات والطائرات الألمانية خلال تلك الفترة.

مراجع

انحلالات سنة 1998 في ألمانيا
تأسيسات سنة 1926 في ألمانيا
تأسيسات سنة 1998 في ألمانيا
تحالف رينو-نيسان
دايملر
سيارات ألمانيا
شركات آبار للاستثمار
شركات انحلت في 1998
شركات أسست في 1926
شركات تصنيع أسست في 1998
شركات تصنيع مركبات انحلت في 1998
شركات تصنيع مركبات أسست في 1926
شركات سيارات ألمانية
شركات مدرجة في بورصة فرانكفورت
علامات تجارية ألمانية
مصنعو حافلات

دايملر بنز


Kocsis-Cake Olivio (nascido a 31 de março de 1980 em Budapeste, Hungria) é um político húngaro. Desde maio de 2018 é membro do parlamento na Assembleia Nacional da Hungria (Országgyűlés). Deixou o LMP em fevereiro de 2013, foi membro fundador do Diálogo para a Hungria, e foi eleito líder do partido em 2014. Nas eleições parlamentares húngaras de 2018, foi eleito membro do parlamento representando o 5.º círculo eleitoral de Budapeste.

Durante as eleições gerais de 2022 na Hungria, não conseguiu entrar na lista do seu partido, Diálogo para a Hungria, e perdeu a sua cadeira no parlamento.

Nascidos em 1980
Políticos da Hungria
Pessoas vivas

Olivio Kocsis-Bolo


() යනු () වල උපවිශේෂයක් වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත
 කව්පි

ආහාරයට ගන්නා රනිල ඇට වර්ග

කවුපී


(13 de abril de 1984) es un luchador profesional japonés, más conocido por su nombre artístico Kanjyuro Matsuyama. Watanabe es principalmente famoso por su trabajo en Osaka Pro Wrestling, donde se encuentra actualmente.

Carrera

Toryumon (2004-2006)
Watanabe debutó en Toryumon Mexico en febrero de 2004, siendo derrotado por Small Dandy Fujii. Meses más tarde, Chiharu tuvo su primera victoria al derrotar a Hajime Ohara, esta vez presentando una nueva imagen y bajo el nombre de . Su gimmick era el de un extravagante actor de kabuki que hacía su aparición con vestimenta y maquillaje propios de ese arte, utilizando frecuentemente trucos de guerra psicológica en sus combates y realizando escenas de comedia y teatro a la menor oportunidad. Haciéndose rápidamente conocido por su habilidad con el micrófono, Matsuyama era siempre el último luchador en entrar en la arena para tener tiempo de realizar coloristas promos y así entretener a la audiencia. A pesar de formar parte de Toryumon X, Matsuyama no llegó a participar en combates de esta marca.

En 2005, Matsuyama comenzó a aparecer en Chikara como resultado de un acuerdo entre Toryumon y esta empresa, haciendo equipo con Skayde. Llegó a tener un combate por el CZW Junior Heavyweight Championship contra Mike Quackenbush, pero fue derrotado. Un año después, Matsuyama salió por fin del sistema Toryumon.

Michinoku Pro Wrestling (2006-2007)
A finales de 2006, Matsuyama comenzó a aparecer en Michinoku Pro Wrestling, donde entró en un feudo con Otoko Sakari. Matsuyama y Sakari intercambiarían victorias y derrotas en un cómico recuento de 7 combates que se extendería hasta 2007, en el que finalmente Otoko ganó.

Osaka Pro Wrestling (2006-presente)
En 2006, Matsuyama fue contratado por Osaka Pro Wrestling, empresa en la que se hizo enormemente popular gracias al predominio de la comedia que había en la empresa. Durante 2007, Matsuyama comenzó un feudo más bien amistoso con Ebessan III y Kuishinbo Kamen, con los que formó equipo en numerosas ocasiones. A mediados de 2008, Matsuyama ganó el OPW Meibutsu Sekaiichi Championship ante Miracle Man, y no contento con ello, creó el OPW Owarai Championship, defendiendo ambos campeonatos contra numerosos luchadores. Finalmente, en 2009 perdió el Owarai Championship ante Kikutaro y el segundo ante Kuishinbo Kamen. El mismo año, Matsuyama, Ebessan & Kamen ganaron el FM Osaka Cup 1 Day Six Man Tag Tournament ante Atsushi Kotoge, Takoyakida & Kazuaki Mihara. Tiempo después, el trío recibió una oportunidad por el UWA World Trios Championship contra los campeones del momento, Atsushi Kotoge, Takoyakida & Daisuke Harada. Contra todo pronóstico, el trío ganó el combate y el título, aunque lo perdió la semana siguiente ante Tokyo Gurentai (NOSAWA Rongai, MAZADA & FUJITA).

A finales de 2009, Matsuyama volvió a ganar el OPW Owarai Championship, reteniéndolo ante luchadores como Ebessan y Fake HG antes de perderlo ante Takoyakida.

En lucha
 Movimientos finales
 Koushoku Ichidai Otoko (Stunner)
 Jindaiko (Double chickenwing wheelbarrow facebuster)
 Sanmon (Diving splash recitando "Zekkei kana, zekkei kana")
 Diving elbow drop

 Movimientos de firma
 Sei (Double knee backbreaker)
 Wanyudo (Reverse arm trap somersault cradle pin)
 Rokurokubi (Modified octopus hold)
 Matsuyama Senbonzakura (Side elbow drop con burlas)
 Memaizaka (Arm twist ropewalk backflip arm drag seguido de rolling kip-up con burlas)
 Itoshi no Midaregami (Ataque con serpentinas para enredar al rival)
 Ankle lock
 Arm wrench inside crade pin
 Bridging double chickenwing suplex
 Double leg Nelson pin
 Dropkick, a veces desde una posición elevada
 Cartwheel hip attack a un oponente arrinconado
 Hurricanrana
 Iconoclasm
 Modified cross armbar
 Suicide dive

 Apodos
 "Senryouyakusha" (Prima donna)

Campeonatos y logros
 Osaka Pro Wrestling
 OPW Owarai Chmapionship (2 veces)
 OPW Meibutsu Sekaiichi Championship (1 vez)
 UWA World Trios Championship (1 vez) - con Ebessan III & Kuishinbo Kamen
 FM Osaka Cup 1 Day Six Man Tag Tournament (2009) - con Ebessan III & Kuishinbo Kamen

Notas

Referencias

Luchadores profesionales de Japón

Chiharu Watanabe


James Innes (-) est un homme politique canadien de l'Ontario. Il est député fédéral libéral de la circonscription ontarienne de Wellington-Sud de 1882 à 1896.

Biographie
Né à Huntly en Écosse, Innes enseigne en Écosse avant de s'établir dans le Canada-Ouest en 1853. Journaliste pour le  et le British Colonist de Toronto et pour le Morning Banner d'Hamilton. En 1861, il devient éditeur du Guelph Advertiser et copropriétaire du  en 1862. Ces deux journaux fusionne pour le former le Guelph Mercury and Advertiser en 1873. Siégeant au conseil scolaire, il en devient le président en 1882. Innes occupe également les fonctions de président de la Dominion Life Assurance Compagny et contribue a former la Guelph Junction Railway. Il meurt d'une pneumonie à l'âge de 70 ans alors qu'il se trouvait à Sydney en Nouvelle-Écosse pendant un voyage dans l'est du Canada.

Résultats électoraux

Références
James Innes, député - Bibliothèque du Parlement

Naissance en février 1833
Naissance dans l'Aberdeenshire
Député fédéral canadien provenant de l'Ontario
Député du Parti libéral du Canada
Décès en juillet 1903
Décès à 70 ans

James Innes (homme politique canadien)


Dynkarken er en større gade i Aarhus, men var oprindeligt en gade uden for byens Mindeport, hvilket blev anset for at være langt uden for byen. Trods dens lidenhed kom den, udover fattighuse, til at rumme både købmandsgårde, tobaksfabrik, realskole og sygehus, som lå på adressen Dynkarken 12-14. I dag er der ingen der har adresse på Dynkarken. Aarhus Politigård ligger langs gaden, men har adresse på Ridderstræde 1. På den anden side af gaden ligger Restaurant Flammen og spillestedet Train, men de har adresse på Toldbodgade 6.

Gaden er en forlængelse af Spanien fra Sønder Allé mod Havnegade.

Tidligere var det mest fattige småfolk og søfolk som boede her. De boede i såkaldte lejerboder (boliger), der var små én-etages huse med meget små boligrum. Husene var ikke bredere en én, to, tre eller fire fag. Lejeboligerne blev opført af købmænd til udlejning. I 1682 var der 18 huse i Dynkarken, som var ejet af rådmand Jens Wegerslev. Købmand Mogens Blach, der selv boede i Vestergade, ejede i 1761 14 lejeboder i Dynkarken.

I 1700-tallet blev der opført flere købmandsgårde, på den østlige side af vejen, bl.a. ejet af købmand Rasmus Nielsen Malling (nr. 39-41 og 43). H.C. Andersen var gæst i Dynkarken 43 i 1850'erne, i en periode hvor huset var udlejet til Anton Christian Kjærulff.

Den Videnskabelige Realskole
1840-41 opførtes på den vestlige side, hvor politistationen ligger i dag, Den videnskabelige Realskole. Den havde i to år haft til huse i lejede lokaler i Vestergade, men ved det ny års begyndelse 1842 stod skolen færdig. I forhold til de gamle lokaler var den nye skole fornemt indrettet. Det var straks værre med beliggenheden: i modsætning til Vestergade lå Dynkarken, efter aarhusianske forhold, langt fra de fleste studerende.

Den videnskabelige realskole blev ikke nogen succes - selvom nogle af dens elever fik stor betydning i byen, fx fabriksgrundlægger Søren Frich. I starten var der stor tilstrømning, men den afsluttende eksamen gav ikke adgang til noget arbejde, og da skolen blev nedlagt i 1853, var der kun 29 elever tilbage. De blev overført til katedralskolen, der oprettede en realafdeling.

Den næsten nybyggede skole stod ikke tom længe, for i sommeren 1853 nåede koleraen Aarhus. Den kom fra København – med dampskib – og i form af en enkelt rejsende, der efter ankomsten indlogerede sig på Hotel Skandinavien, hvor sygdommen brød ud. Byens eneste sygehus lå da i Vestergade, og havde kun plads til 28 patienter, så for at imødegå epidemien, blev den gamle skole omdannet til koleralazaret. Efter sygdomsudbruddet – der kostede 213 aarhusianere, omkring 2,5 procent af byens indbyggere, livet – købte kommunen bygningen, og begyndte at indrette Sygehuset i Dynkarken. Det var i brug 1856-93, indtil den første af det nye Aarhus Kommunehospitals bygninger stod færdig ved Randersvej.

To år senere blev det gamle hospital overtaget af købmandssønnen Thomas Thomassen Sabroe. Han indrettede bygningen til produktion af køleanlæg, og med tiden blev man også leveringsdygtig i iscrememaskiner, køleskabe, og udstyr til kølehuse. Sabroe-fabrikken gennemgik en støt udvikling, og de gamle sygehusbygninger blev løbende udvidet, så fabrikken til sidst optog hele hjørnet af Dynkarken-Sønder Allé. 1958 var midtbyen blevet for trang, og i de følgende år opførtes nye bygninger i Holme. Det gamle fabriksanlæg blev revet ned 1967-70. I dag har fabrikken hjemme i Holme under navnet Johnson Controls. Der eksisterer også et firma i Hornslet ved navn Sabro A/S. Dette var en del af det nuværende Johnson Controls, men blev frasolgt i 2004.

Dynkarken får sin nuværende form
Fra omkring 1960 begyndte Dynkarken så småt at indtage den form, den har i dag. Hele den østlige side af gaden var blevet revet ned 1959-60. Det var gamle, saneringsmodne beboelsesejendomme med propfyldte baggårde – og de lå i vejen for den hastigt voksende trafik i midtbyen og til havnen. Efter nedrivningen blev vejen udvidet til fire spor, med skrå parkeringspladser i hver side. De blev sløjfet i 1970, da trafikken igen var blevet for hektisk – den var øget med 75 % på ti år – og i stedet blev der anlagt en midterrabat.

Efter Sabroe flyttede deres virksomhed til Holme, overtog kommunen fabriksområdet i 1969. I en kort tid havde Aarhus Tekniske Skole lejemål i bygningerne. I 1970 blev området efterhånden ryddet og delvist udlagt til parkeringsplads. I 1979 gjorde gravemaskinerne de første spadestik til Aarhus' nye politigård. Den stod færdig 1984, og har siden da, sammen med spillestedet Train og First Hotel Atlantic, på den modsatte side, udgjort Dynkarken.

Dynkarkens navn
Navnet "Dynkarken" kendes tilbage fra i hvert fald 1677, hvor det optræder på et kort over Aarhus, udarbejdet af Peder Hansen Resen. Her er navnet stavet "Dynkercket".

Der er flere gisninger om, hvad gadenavnet Dynkarken i Aarhus egentlig kommer af:

Dunkerque. Navnet stammer fra den franske by Dunkerque, fordi man mener havnens forskellige oplagspladser i sin tid blev opkaldt efter forskellige skibsdestinationer. Enten fordi Aarhus havde kontakt med byen, eller fordi nogle skippere havde forbindelse med byen.
Søren Dynker. Omkring 1650 boede nær Mindet ved Dynkarken en sømand ved navn Søren Dynkerker (dynkerker var dengang udtryk for en sørøver), som måske har givet anledning til navnet på en eller anden måde - at kvarteret var et skummelt 'sørøverkvarter'.
Dynke-kar. Navnet skulle komme af 'dynkekar', dvs. et kar hvori man stænkede (dynkede) tøj efter vask. Ordet 'dynke' betyder ifølge Ordbog over det Danske Sprog: væde, fugte.
Mudderkrog. Navnet kommer af dynd og kværk=krog, dvs. en mudderkrog som muligvis fandtes her. 'Kværk' er også gamle maritime udtryk for et sejls øverste hjørne, eller en vinkelformet sammenføjning af bjælker.
Dønkokkeriet. Navnet kommer af et gammelt stednavn i Vejlby: Dønkokkeriet (døn= tøve, bie; altså et sted hvor man dvælede for at spise og drikke).

Kilder og henvisninger

Gader i Aarhus

Dynkarken


Pancho Aréna je nogometni stadion u Felcsútu, u Mađarskoj. Na njemu svoje domaće utakmice igra Puskás Akadémia FC.

Povijest

Stadion je otvoren 21. travnja 2014. utakmicom završnice Puskásova kupa, dvije godine nakon početka izgradnje. Nekoliko dana kasnije, točnije 26. travnja, na stadionu je prvi put odigrana utakmica prve mađarske nogometne lige, i to između Puskás Akadémije i Videotona. Pobijedio je gostujući sastav rezultatom 3:1.

S obzirom na to da je u proljeće 2016. srušen stadion Sóstói u Stolnom Biogradu, Videoton igra svoje domaće utakmice na Pancho Aréni dok je izgradnja novog stadiona u tijeku.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Mađarski nogometni stadioni

Pancho Aréna


Baron Strang, of Stonesfield in the County of Oxford, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 January 1954 for the prominent diplomat Sir William Strang, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1949 to 1953. The title passed to his only son, the second Baron, who succeeded in 1978. He was a retired Professor of Philosophy at Newcastle University. There was no heir to the barony, which became extinct on his death in 2014.

Barons Strang (1954)
William Strang, 1st Baron Strang (1893–1978)
Colin Strang, 2nd Baron Strang (1922–2014)

Notes

References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Extinct baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1954

Baron Strang


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Bengali cuisine () is the culinary style of Bengal, that comprises Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura. The cuisine has been shaped by the region's diverse history and climate. It is known for its varied use of flavours including mustard oil, as well as the spread of its confectioneries and desserts. There is a strong emphasis on rice as a staple, with fish traditionally the most common protein. Freshwater fish are preferred to seafish, although barramundi, known as bhetki, is also common. Meat is also a common protein among Bengalis with beef and goat meat being the most popular. In more recent times, lentils have begun to form a significant part of the diet. Many Bengali food traditions draw from social activities, such as adda, Eid feast or the Mezban.

Culinary influences

Mughal influence
Muslims conquered Bengal around the mid-thirteenth century, bringing with them Persian and Arabic cuisine. Such dishes as biryani, korma and bhuna had once been meals of the higher courts, but the cooks of the Mughals brought their recipes to the lower and middle classes. The influence was reinforced during the rule of the British Raj, where Kolkata became the place of refuge for many prominent exiled Nawabs, notably the family of Tipu Sultan from Mysore and Wajid Ali Shah, the ousted Nawab of Awadh. The exiles brought with them hundreds of cooks and masalchis (spice mixers), and as their royal patronage and wealth diminished, they became interspersed into the local population. These cooks came with the knowledge of a very wide range of spices (most notably jafran and mace), the extensive use of ghee, and marinating meat with yoghurt and chilli.

In Bangladesh, this food has become common fare for the population while in West Bengal, they have remained the food of professional chefs. Further innovations include chap (ribs slow cooked on a tawa), rezala (meat in a thin yogurt and cardamom gravy) and kathi roll (kebabs in a wrap).

The Mughals had a particular fixation on meat, bringing mutton and beef into mainstream Bengali cuisine as well as already known kinds of meat like chicken and venison.

Furthermore, traditional desserts had been primarily based on rice pastes and jaggery, but under Mughal influence moved towards significantly increased use of milk, cream, and sugar along with expensive spices such as cardamom and saffron.

Influence of widows
In Hindu tradition, widows were not allowed to eat foods that would not be classified as "bitter", necessitating experiment and innovation. While most Bengali castes ate meat and fish, this was barred for widows. Widows also could not use "heating" foods such as shallot and garlic, but ginger was allowed. This style found a core place in Bengali curries in general, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Expensive spices such as saffron, cinnamon or cloves were used very sparingly—if at all. Nuts, dry fruits, milk and milk products (such as cream, ghee or curd) were similarly scarce. These economic and social restrictions influenced Bengali widows to create a brand new set of meals that utilized only vegetables and cheap spices.

Partition of Bengal
The large-scale displacement along religious lines as a result of the partition led to changes in meal-taking, so as to adhere to religious restrictions. In Bangladesh (former East Bengal and East Pakistan), Mughlai food is common, and includes foods that are less popular in West Bengal, such as beef kebab. Additionally, sweets such as zarda and firni-payesh are eaten. In rural Bangladesh, many people eat makna fried, popped, or raw.

During the colonial period, many Western food shops were established in Kolkata, making puff pastries, channa, chocolate, and chips especially popular. Dishes such as chop, gravy cutlet, sponge rasogolla, and ledikeni. As a result of a multi-cultural community, Kolkata city's cuisine continuously changes, and takes heavy influence from Chinese and European palates.

Characteristics
Bengali cuisine can be subdivided into four different types of dishes, charbya (), or food that is chewed, such as rice or fish; choṣya (), or food that is sucked, such as ambal and tak; lehya (), or foods that are meant to be licked, like chutney; and peya (), which includes drinks, mainly milk.

Regional specialties

Different parts of Bengal are famed for certain dishes, food items and ingredients. For example, South Bengali districts around the Sundarbans boast of the expensive chui jhal chilli, which they peel and chop into small pieces to be cooked in their dishes and give off a strong aroma. On the other hand, North Bengal  are the homes of many Bengali desserts such as the Mishti doi of Bogra, the Kachagolla of Natore and the Chomchom of Porabari. However, other regions also have famous desserts like the Balish Mishti (pillow-sweet) of Netrokona, the Monda of Muktagachha, the Red Yoghurt of Nabadwip and the famed Roshmolai of Comilla.

Chittagong
Chittagonian culinary tradition is mostly known for Mezban and mixed rice dishes like kala bhuna, which has shoulder pieces of beef and traditional spices. Dried fish (shutki) is more available in the Chittagong region than in other parts of Bengal.

Mezban

Mezban (locally known as Mejjan) is the Bengali word for special occasion feasts in the Chittagong region of Bangladesh. Historically Mezbani is a traditional regional feast where people are invited to enjoy a meal with white rice and beef, besides other dishes rich in animal fat and dairy. It is held on the occasions such as death anniversary, birth anniversary, celebrating successes, launching of a new business, entry into a new house, the birth of a child, marriage, aqiqah and circumcision, ear piercing of girls and naming of the newborn. The invitation of the Mezban ceremony generally remains open for all and various people to different places and neighbourhoods convey the invitation for the feast. In urban areas, attending a mezban is by invitation only. Usually, the consumption of food at Mezbani takes place from morning to afternoon.

Beef-based dishes are preferred by Bengali Muslims and are a symbol of social prestige for a Mezban feast. The rich and the poor arrange feasts on various occasions as much as circumstances allow them. It has a distinct style of cooking and proper Mezban meat demands a certain skill; for example: The unique beef curry served in this feast is known as Mezbani gosht, that carries a distinctive recipe, knowledge of which is essentially confined within the Chittagonian cooks.

Fish is used instead of beef while cooking Mezban in Hindu tradition. The Hindu community of Chittagong organises Mezbani each year under the banner of "Chittagong Parishad", with curries made from fish, vegetable and dried fish.

Dhaka

Dhakaiya food is one of the most notable regional cuisines. The rich culinary customs are influenced by Mughlai, Central Asian, Armenian, Hindustani and native Bengali cuisines. However, it also has dishes unique to Dhaka. The Nawabs of Dhaka had brought Mughlai cuisine to Bengal, that were wholly retained by Dhaka's culinary community. Due to the high costs of producing Mughlai food, the recipes were limited to the elite classes in colonial India, and slowly expanded as Bangladesh's economy grew. The main focus on lamb, mutton, beef, yoghurt, and mild spices define the taste of the style. Such dishes as kebab; stuffed breads; kacchi biriyani; roast lamb, duck, and chicken; patisapta; Kashmiri tea; and korma are still served at special occasions like Eid and weddings. Due to the high class of the food, using an excess amount of expensive ingredients like ghee, and making the food melt in one's mouth were essential to the feel of the food.

Old Dhaka boasts a variation of the famous pilaf - the Morog Polao - in which the rice is cooked after and the chicken pieces are cut. Other  include  and . Dhakaiyas are noted for introducing paneer and boiled eggs to khichuri. Dhakai bakarkhani is a thick, biscuit-like flat-bread which is a traditional street-food snack, famed for its quality and taste. It is mainly dished up with tea. Dhakaiyas proudly hold a heritage of creating the best khili paan using various herbs and spices. They also offer a khili paan for diabetic patients called the "paan afsana". Haji biryani is a dish, invented by a restaurateur in 1939, made with highly seasoned rice, goat's meat and number of spices and nuts. The restaurant has become an integral part of Dhakaiya culture.

Kolkata

In Kolkata, many local street vendors own small shops from which they sell their own homemade goods. Items like cheeses (paneer) can be eaten as is, or can be made into sweet sandesh, rosogolla, or chanar payesh. Milk is especially used in Kolkata's various types of payesh, differing in use of different grains and additives like dates, figs, and berries. In addition to European foodstuffs like chocolate, Kolkata takes culinary influence from its Chinese diaspora. Phuchka, known the rest of India as panipuri, is a common kind of Bengali street food made with a fried dough casing and a potato and chickpea filling, usually found in small stalls alongside bhelpuri, masala chai, ghugni and chaat stalls.

Influences

During the 19th century many Odia cooks migrated to Bengal to work in the households of affluent Kolkata families. They were also hired to cook in weddings and other family ceremonies. Introduction of Odia cooks into their kitchens brought in subtle but significant changes to Kolkata's cuisine. Many of Kolkata's classic dishes were originally from Odisha but were refined in Kolkata kitchens by Odia cooks. In fact some researchers say that dishes like kanika (Bengali mishti pulao) were first introduced to Kolkata kitchens by Odia cooks although this is contested by other researchers. Even to this date most of the cooks in Kolkata kitchens and hotels are Odia cooks.

The Chinese of Kolkata originally settled into a village called Achipur south of Kolkata in the late 18th century, later moving into the city and finally into its present home in Tangra at the eastern edge of Kolkata. The Chinese-origin people of Kolkata form a substantial and successful community with a distinct identity. With this identity came Chinese food, available at almost every street corner in Kolkata at present, due to the taste, quick cooking procedure, and no similarity with the original Chinese recipe other than the use of soy sauce. They were mostly Cantonese tradesmen and sailors who first settled down here and decided to cook with whatever items they had at hand.

Calcuttan immigrants to other countries have started carrying this abroad as well; Indian Chinese restaurants have appeared in many places in the United States and UK.

Indian Chinese food has been given a second boost in popularity since the 1950s when a large number of Tibetans migrated into Indian Territory, following the 14th Dalai Lama's flight. Tibetans brought their own taste preferences to add to the genre, such as the popular momo (a kind of dumpling) or thukpa (a hearty noodle soup). Tibetans and Nepali immigrants found ready employment in the many kitchens that can now be found on virtually every street in Kolkata.

Adda

Adda () is a traditional Bengali means of socialising over food during the work day. Food taken during adda consists usually of mishti or sweetmeats, tea, and coffee, although heartier meats such as fried fish may be brought out as well.

The adda saw a rise during the colonial era among the Bhadralok guild members to meet and talk about a range of topics:"You could be discussing Charles and Camilla's marriage this moment, and the next moment you're swinging over to the latest cricket series between India and Pakistan, and then swing back to the recent controversy over Tagore." Being a hobby for artisans, women were largely secluded from adda, a sentiment that has begun to disappear with the democratization of adda and women occupying a larger space in social life. For this reason, adda was seen as a refuge "...from the home, a neutral rendezvous away from both the perceived drudgery of the workplace and domesticity".

In the post-colonial era, the adda has been fading due to the more rigid structure of work and exploitative perceptions of unnecessary laziness. This has inspired a sizeable movement of Bengalis who believe it integral to the idea of lyadh, or doing nothing to relax and recharge. However, adda does still exist, being attended during vacation time or after work at clubs or coffee shops. The tradition even has an equivalent to the Greek symposium, as students may meet for a study session over food or have a teacher teach in a more relaxed environment.

Sylhet
Sylhet boasts a variation of the famous pilaf dish – Akhni – in which the rice is cooked after and the chicken pieces are cut. Commonly consumed varieties of meat include beef, chicken, Mutton and duck/goose in dishes such as Hash O Bash. They also proudly hold the heritage of Beef Hatkora, a rice dish consisting of a wild citrus fruit not found in other parts of Bengal.

During the British period, biscuits and loaves were introduced in Sylhet and received popularity within the Muslim community. The middle-class Hindus of Cachar and Sylhet however were very suspicious of biscuits and breads as they believed they were baked by Muslims. In one occasion, a few Hindus in Cachar caught some Englishman eating biscuits with tea which caused an uproar. The information reached the Hindus of Sylhet and a little rebellion occurred. In response to this, companies started to advertise their bread as "machine-made" and "untouched by (Muslim) hand" to tell Hindus that the breads were "safe for consumption". This incident is mentioned in Bipin Chandra Pal's autobiography and he mentions how gradually culinary habits of Hindus eventually changed.

Utensils

Bengali food is often served on plates which have a distinct flowery pattern often in blue or pink. Another characteristic of Bengali food is the use the boti (also called dao or da). It is a long curved blade on a platform held down by one or both feet; both hands are used to hold whatever is being cut and move it against the blade, which faces the user. This method gives effective control over the cutting process, and can be used to cut anything from prawns to large pumpkins.

A korai is a cooking vessel for most Bengali sauces and stir-fry. The dekchi (a flat-bottomed pan) is used generally for larger amounts of cooking or for making rice. It comes with a thin flat lid which is used also to strain out the starch while finishing up cooking rice. The tawa is used to make roti and paratha. The other prominent cooking utensil is a hari, which is a round-bottomed pot-like vessel. The three mentioned vessels all come in various sizes and in various metals and alloys.

A flat metal spatula, khunti, is used often, along with hata (scoop with a long handle), jhanjri (round-shaped sieve-like spatula to deep-fry food), the shanrashi (pincers to remove vessels from the fire), the ghuntni (wooden hand blender) for puréeing dal, the wooden belun chaki (round pastry board and rolling pin), and the shil nora, which is a rough form of a mortar and pestle or grinding stone. The kuruni is used only to grate coconuts.

Silverware is not a part of traditional Bengali cookery.

Historical

Bengalis usually eat sitting on the floor with food served on a dostorkhan. They historically ate without silverware, with a large banana or plantain leaf serving as the plate, or with plates made from dried sal leaves sewn together.

It is customary to offer guests food and drink appropriate to the time of their visit. At meals, guests are served first, with the possible exception of very old or very young members of the host family. Within the family, serving starts with the senior males (those of highest social rank or eldest). School-age children are served before wives, daughter-in-laws, and the cook, who are the last to eat.

Contemporary
Prior to colonisation, adherence to meal order was a marker of social status, but with British and Portuguese influence and the growth of the middle class, this has slowly disappeared. Courses are frequently skipped or combined with everyday meals. Meals were usually served course by course to the diners by the youngest housewives, but increasing influence of nuclear families and urbanisation has replaced this. It is common to place everything on platters in the centre of the table, and each diner serves themselves. Ceremonial occasions such as weddings used to have elaborate serving rituals, but professional catering and buffet-style dining is now commonplace. However, large family occasions and more lavish ceremonial feasts may still abide by these rules.

Meals

Daily meals are usually simple, geared to balance nutrition and making extensive use of vegetables. The courses progress broadly from lighter to richer and heavier and go through various tastes and taste cleansers. Rice remains common throughout the meal and is the main constituent of the meal, until the chaţni (chutney) course.

Main course

Fish

Bengalis eat copious amounts of fish and typically look for freshwater and brackish fish when making meals. They also temper it with phoron. Popular fish curries include boal, rohu, ilish, and pabda.

One tradition includes the left side of the cidal fish being cooked in oil. Bengali Vaishnavas avoid all types of fish, eggs and meat.

Sweets

Bengali sweets have a long history. The Portuguese friar Sebastien Manrique, travelling in the region in the 17th century, noted the multitude of milk-based foods and sweets prepared in traditional ways. Falooda, shahi jilapi and shemai are popular sweet foods and desserts.

Roshogolla
Roshogolla, a Bengali traditional sweet, is one of the most widely consumed sweets in India. It spread to Bengal in 1868. Chhana based sweets were introduced in Eastern India from about the 18th century; as the process and technology involved in synthesizing "Chhana" was introduced to the Indians by the Dutch in the 1790s. The cottage cheese "schmierkase" was also known as Dutch cheese. The earlier versions of Rossogolla lacked binding capacity of the modern avatar that is well known and highly acclaimed today. This was due to the fact that the know-how involved in synthesizing such a sweet was unknown before being experimentally developed by Nobin Chandra Das and then constantly improved and further standardized by his successors. Furthermore, the "chhana" manufactured in those days was a coarse and granular variety and had low binding capacity. It was made by citric and ascorbic acid from natural fruit extracts. This type of "chhana" cannot be worked on to compact into any regular and firm shape for the purpose of sweet-making, leave alone making Rossogolla. This is because of a documented technological issue – lactic acid (extracted from whey) used to curdle milk now was introduced to India in the late 18th century by Dutch and Portuguese colonists (along with acetic acid). It is this method that creates the fine, smooth modern "chhana" with high binding capacity – which is now the staple raw material for Bengali confectioners. At present, Nobin Chandra Das is referred to have invented the spongy variant of rossogolla.

Darbesh
Laddu (or as it is known as "darbesh" in Bengal) is a very common sweet in West Bengal and Bangladesh, as well as the rest of the subcontinent, especially during celebrations and festivities. They are usually made out of flour, ghee/butter/oil and sugar. Alternative recipes can be made of coconut shavings and jaggery, raisins, chopped nuts, oatmeal, khoa, nutmeg, cardamom, or poppy seeds, among other ingredients. The sweet dates back to the year 4 BCE, where it was used for medicinal purposes and to keep the hormones of 9-11-year-old girls' hormones "in check".

Pantua

Pantua is similar to gulab jamun, and could be called a Bengali variant of that dish.

Other sweets

Several varieties of doi such as mishţi doi, fruit-floured doi like aam doi, custards, and rice pudding (khir or firni) are also popular in West Bengal.

Shôndesh, chhanar jilapi, kalo jam, raghobshai, "pantua", "jolbhora shondesh", "roshbhora", "lord chomchom", payesh, bundiya, nalengurer shôndesh, malpoa, shor bhaja, langcha, babarsa, and a variety of others are examples of sweets in Bengali cuisine.

Beverages
Common beverages include shorbot, lachhi, ghol, matha, falooda and Rooh Afza. The two main types of Bengali tea are dudh cha (milk tea) and masala cha. Srimangal, the tea capital of Bengal, is famed for the Seven Color Tea whilst Dhaka is famed for the borhani. Traditional fruit juices (rosh) are also drunk such as sugarcane juice, mango juice, palm fruit juice, date juice as well as basil seed or tukma-based drinks.

Gallery

See also
Bangladeshi cuisine
List of Bangladeshi dishes
List of Bengali spices
Chaunk

References

Further reading

Indian cuisine by state or union territory
North Indian cuisine
Bangladeshi cuisine
South Asian cuisine

Bengali cuisine


Romano Postema, né le  à Groningue aux Pays-Bas, est un footballeur néerlandais qui évolue au poste d'avant-centre au Roda JC, en prêt du FC Groningue.

Biographie

En club
Né à Groningue aux Pays-Bas, Romano Postema est formé par l'un des clubs de sa ville natale, le FC Groningue. Le , Postema signe son premier contrat professionnel. Le , il fait sa première apparition en professionnel, lors d'une rencontre de championnat face à l'Heracles Almelo. Il entre en jeu à la place d' et son équipe s'incline par deux buts à un.

Le , il prolonge son contrat avec son club formateur jusqu'en juin 2024.

Le , il est prêté au FC Den Bosch pour le reste de la saison 2020-2021. Le 23 avril 2021, Postema se fait remarquer lors d'une rencontre de championnat face au Roda JC en réalisant un triplé. Il contribue ainsi grandement à la large victoire de son équipe ce jour-là (7-0).

Postema fait son retour à Groningue pour la saison 2021-2022. Le , il se fait remarquer lors d'une rencontre de coupe des Pays-Bas face à Helmond Sport en réalisant un doublé, participant ainsi à la large victoire de son équipe (4-0).

Après avoir commencé la saison 2022-2023 avec le FC Groningue, Postema est finalement prêté le  au Roda JC, en deuxième division, jusqu'à la fin de la saison.

En sélection nationale
Romano Postema est retenu avec l'équipe des Pays-Bas des moins de 17 ans pour participer à la coupe du monde des moins de 17 ans en 2019. Il ne joue qu'un seul match lors de ce tournoi et son équipe s'incline en quarts de finale face au Paraguay (4-1 score final). Il ne fait pas d'autres apparitions avec cette sélection.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur néerlandais
Joueur du FC Groningue
Joueur du FC Den Bosch
Joueur du Roda JC
Naissance en février 2002
Naissance à Groningue

Romano Postema


وهو سياسي أمريكي ينتمي (الحزب الديمقراطي) ولد جو مانشين 24 أغسطس من سنة 1947 في ولاية فرجينيا الغربية حصل على درجة البكالوريوس في إدارة الأعمال من جامعة فرجينيا الغربية في عام 1970 وجو مانشين حاكم على ولاية فرجينيا الغربية منذ 17 يناير من سنة 2005.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من فارمنغتون (فيرجينيا الغربية)
أعضاء مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي من الحزب الديمقراطي من فيرجينيا الغربية
أعضاء مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي من فرجينيا الغربية
أعضاء مجلس شيوخ الحزب الديمقراطي الأمريكي
أعضاء مجلس شيوخ ولاية فرجينيا الغربية
أعضاء مجلس مندوبين فرجينيا الغربية
أمريكيون من أصل إيطالي
أمريكيون من أصل تشيكي
حاصلون على جائزة الثور الفضي
حكام ولايات أمريكية من الحزب الديمقراطي
حكام ولاية فرجينيا الغربية
خريجو جامعة وست فرجينيا
ديمقراطيون من ولاية فيرجينيا الغربية
رومان كاثوليك أمريكيون
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
سياسيون أمريكيون من أصل إيطالي
طيارون من فرجينيا الغربية
كاثوليك من فيرجينيا الغربية
مواليد 1947
وزير خارجية فرجينيا الغربية

جو مانشين


San Geraldo de Orlhac, también Guiral, Giraldo o Gerardo  (castillo de San Esteban, Aurillac, 855-6 - Cézens o Saint-Cirges, 909-18) fue un noble francés, fundador de la Abadía de Saint-Géraud d'Aurillac. Es venerado como santo por la Iglesia católica y por la Iglesia ortodoxa, y es tenido como modelo de caballero cristiano que renunció a sus bienes por la fe y la justicia.

Biografía

Geraldo nació en 856 y era el heredero del conde Geraldo, señor de Aurillac, de origen merovingio, y de Adeltruda, de origen carolingio. Recibió la educación adecuada para su condición: armas, caballería, caza, etc. De salud débil, también aprendió gramática, canto, derecho romano y las Santas Escrituras, ya que la familia era muy religiosa. Los eclesiásticos que frecuentaban el palacio de la familia se sorprendieron de los conocimientos que tenía.

A la muerte de su padre, Geraldo se convirtió en señor de un gran territorio en la Rouergue: se encargó de la justicia, que no quiso delegar, y se hizo famoso por ejercerla con equidad. Quiso proteger a sus súbditos y se puso al mando de las tropas en la lucha contra los bandoleros y las bandas armadas que atacaban a los campesinos.

Quiso hacerse religioso, pero el obispo de Cahors, Geusberto, le persuadió para que no lo hiciera, ya que, debido a su posición social, podría ser más úitl continuando como señor que como monje. Llevó una vida evangélica y volcada en la devoción: dedicaba a la oración diversas horas al día, hizo caridad, liberaba siervos y les daba tierras y en las guerras intentaba evitar la violencia gratuita. No quiso casarse ni dejar el celibato, aunque Guillermo I de Aquitania quería que desposara a su hija.

Fundación de la abadía

Hacia 885 fundó una abadía en Orlhac, a la que cedió, en un testamento de 898, todas sus posesiones. La conferió la Regla de San Benito, según la reforma de Benito de Aniane. Rechazó la oferta de protección de la abadía que le dio Guillermo de Aquitania ya que Gerardo quería que la abadía fuese autónoma y no tuviera vínculos con los señores feudales ni eclesiásticos: por eso la puso bajo protección directa del papa y del rey, que dieron a la fundación diplomas de inmunidad. Por eso, el abad de Aurillac llevaba mitra y báculo y tenía el título de conde.

Al final de su vida, Geraldo se quedó ciego. Sufrió problemas en la construcción del edificio de la abadía, que tenía de reconstruirse por defectos en el primer edificio, y porque los monjes que hizo venir de Vabres no parecían muy predispuestos.

Ya en España podemos encontrar una hospedería con el nombre de San Giraldo de Aurillac en la población de O Cebreiro en la provincia de Lugo, en Galicia donde se acoge a los peregrinos que realizan el Camino de Santiago, concretamente el camino francés. Alfonso VI en 1072 fundó y concedió este hospital y hospedería a los monjes cluniacenses de la Abadía de San Giraldo de Aurillac. Tuvo una gran relevancia a través de la historia, sobre todo desde la consolidación del Camino Francés como principal ruta de peregrinación. Sucesivas donaciones y privilegios reales favorecieron en la Edad Media el mantenimiento del hospital. Así lo hicieron monarcas como el propio Alfonso VI, Alfonso VII, Fernando II y Alfonso IX.
En 1486 los Reyes Católicos, que pasaron por el lugar con motivo de una peregrinación a Compostela, aprovecharon para tomar varias medidas de reforzamiento de la economía de este centro, al tiempo que lo desagregaron de la abadía de San Giraldo, con la que apenas tenía ya contactos. Lo hicieron pasar a depender de los benedictinos de Valladolid.
La Desamortización (s. XIX) agravará de forma definitiva la crisis que San Giraldo venía padeciendo como consecuencia de la casi total desaparición de las peregrinaciones y el abandono del lugar. La decadencia será completa hasta que a principios de los años sesenta del , a la luz del incipiente renacimiento del Camino Francés, se inician las obras de reconstrucción de lo que quedaba del edificio del viejo hospital, dentro de un proyecto que también incluye la contigua iglesia de Santa María a Real. En el proyecto fue decisivo el entonces cura de O Cebreiro, Elías Valiña, que se iba a convertir en los años siguientes en el mayor animador español de la recuperación del Camino.

Asimismo, también en España, existe una capilla dedicada a San Giraldo en la población de Baión en Vilanova de Arousa, provincia de Pontevedra, en la ruta que realizan los peregrinos hacia Santiago de Compostela, por el denominado Camino Portugués.

También en España en  la provincia de Salamanca en Castilla y León,podemos encontrar en Ciudad Rodrigo el acueducto  de San Giraldo y el arroyo de San Giraldo.

Veneración

Enterrado en la iglesia de la abadía, su tumba se convirtió en lugar de peregrinación; fue canonizado vox populi y declarado patrón de la Alta Auvernia. Veinte años después de su muerte, Odón de Cluny, que fue el tercer abad de Aurillac, escribió su biografía, convirtiendo Geraldo en un modelo de caballero cristiano.

Su festividad litúrgica es el 13 de octubre.

Bibliografía
 Odon de Cluny. Vita de sancto Geraldo comite Auriliacensis.
 Géraud Vigier. Histoire parénétique de trois Saints protecteurs de la Haute-Auvergne : saint Flour, saint Marius (saint Mary), saint Géraud, 1635.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nobles de Francia del siglo IX
Nobles de Francia del siglo X
Santos católicos de Francia del siglo X
Santos de la Iglesia ortodoxa
Santos ortodoxos de Galia
Santos nobles
Nacidos en Aurillac

Geraldo de Aurillac


Ariel Şaron (26 Şubat 1928 - 11 Ocak 2014), eski İsrail başbakanı. Ana Muhalefet Kadima Partisi'nin kurucusu ve ilk lideri ve tümgeneraldir.

Ariel Şaron 1982 yılında Lübnan İç Savaşı sırasında İsrail'in Savunma bakanı olarak görev yapmaktaydı.  Gözlemciler İsrail'in gözleri önünde gerçekleşen Sabra ve Şatilla katliamından Ariel Şaron'u sorumlu tutmuşlardır. Tamamen savunmasız ve çoğunluğu kadın ve çocuklardan oluşan üç binden fazla Filistinli insanın vefat ettiği bu katliam, dünyanın en vahşi katliamları arasında sayılmıştır. Katliam sırasında 12 yaşında olan ve Şatilla Mülteci Kampında ikamet eden Fuad Abid, insanların saldırıdan kaçmasını engellemek için işgalci İsrail askerlerinin kampları kuşattığını ve dönemin İsrail Savunma Bakanı Ariel Şaron'un komutasındaki askerlerin gece boyunca katliamcıların işini kolaylaştırmak için aydınlatma fişeklerini kullanmasının yanı sıra çeşitli destekler sağladığını ifade etti. Bu katliama verdiği destekten ve katliamın müsebbibi sayılmasından sonra Şaron, "Kasap veya Beyrut Kasabı"  "The Butcher" olarak anılmaya başladı.

Ariel Şaron'un 2000 yılında Kudüs'teki İslam dinine inananlarca kutsal mekânlardan biri olan ve normalde müslüman olmayanların girişine izin verilmeyen Mescid-i Aksa'ya çok sayıda İsrail askerinin ve polisinin koruması eşliğinde yaptığı ziyaret ve verdiği demeç bir provokasyon olarak görüldü ve Filistinlilerin İkinci İntifada (ayaklanma) başlatmalarına neden oldu ve beş yıl sürdü.

Ariel Şaron Mart 2001 tarihinden Nisan 2006 tarihine kadar İsrail'in başbakanlığını yaptı. Filistin sorununa gençliğine göre daha ılımlı bir yaklaşım sergiledi. 2004 yılında İsrail'in Filistinlilerle anlaşma masasına oturmadan tek taraflı bir şekilde Gazze'den geri çekilmesine karar verdi. Bu karar Ariel Şaron'un başkanı olduğu Likud Partisi'nde özellikle eski başbakan Benjamin Netanyahu'nun liderliğindeki bir grubun muhalefetine yol açtı. Bunun üzerine Ariel Şaron kendisiyle aynı görüşteki bir grup siyasetçiyle birlikte Likud'dan ayrılarak Kadima Partisi'ni kurdu.

Hastalığı, iş göremezlik ve ölümü (2006–14)

Şaron 1980'lerde obezite hastasıydı ve ayrıca kronik yüksek tansiyon ve yüksek kolesterolden şüphelenilmişti. 1.70 cm boyunda ve 115 kg ağırlığında olduğu biliniyordu. Şaron'un iştahı ve obezite hikâyeleri İsrail'de efsaneviydi. Sık sık yemek sevgisi ve geniş çevresi hakkında şakalar yapardı. Özel arabasında atıştırmalıklar, votka ve havyar bulundurduğu bildiriliyordu. Ekim 2004'te, sık sık ölüm tehditlerine rağmen neden kurşun geçirmez yelek giymediği sorulduğunda, Şaron gülümsedi ve "Benim bedenime uyan yok" yanıtını verdi. Günlük puro ve lüks yiyecek tüketicisiydi. Doktorlarının, arkadaşlarının ve personelinin Şaron'a dengeli bir diyet uygulama girişimleri başarısızlıkla sonuçlandı.

Şaron, küçük bir inme geçirdikten sonra 18 Aralık 2005'te hastaneye kaldırıldı. Hastanede kaldığı süre boyunca, doktorlar ameliyat olmasını gerektiren bir kalp kusuru keşfettiler ve 5 Ocak 2006'da yapılması planlanan kalp kateterizasyonu için yatak istirahati emri verdiler. Bunun yerine Şaron hemen işine döndü ve ameliyattan bir gün önce 4 Ocak 2006 tarihinde beyin kanaması geçirerek hastaneye kaldırıldı. Şaron, Kudüs'teki Hadassah Tıp Merkezine götürüldü. 7 ve 14 saat süren iki ameliyattan sonra, doktorlar Şaron'un beynindeki kanamayı durdurdu ancak komaya girmesini engelleyemediler. Sonraki medya raporları, Şaron'a Aralık ayında hastaneye kaldırıldığı sırada serebral amiloid anjiyopati teşhisi konduğunu belirtti.

Ehud Olmert aynı gece başbakanlığa vekâleten atandı. Şaron resmen görevde kaldı. Bu tarihten sonra Ariel Şaron bir daha bilincini kazanamadı. Mart ayındaki Knesset seçimlerinde, Olmert ve Şaron'un Kadima partisi çoğunluk kazandı. Ertesi ay, İsrail kabinesi Şaron'un kalıcı olarak felç kaldığını ilan etti ve Olmert, 14 Nisan 2006'da Geçici Başbakan ve 4 Mayıs'ta tek başına Başbakan oldu.

Şaron, ilgili bir dizi müteakip ameliyat geçirdi. Mayıs 2006'da Sheba Tıp Merkezindeki uzun süreli bakım tesisine transfer edildi. O yılın Temmuz ayında, 6 Kasım 2006'da uzun süreli bakım tesisine dönmeden önce, kanındaki bakteri tedavisi için kısa bir süre hastanenin yoğun bakım ünitesine götürüldü. Şaron, ölümüne kadar Sheba Tıp Merkezinde kalacaktı. Tıp uzmanları, bilişsel yeteneklerinin muhtemelen felç tarafından yok edildiğini belirtti. Durumu 2013'ün sonlarından itibaren kötüleşti ve artık Şaron 1 Ocak 2014'te böbrek yetmezliğinden muzdaripti.

Şaron sekiz yıl komada kaldıktan sonra 11 Ocak 2014 yerel saatle 14:00 (12:00 UTC) öldü. Şaron'un devlet cenazesi, 13 Ocak'ta Yahudi cenaze törenlerine uygun olarak düzenlendi ve ölümünden sonra mümkün olan en kısa sürede cenazenin yapılmasını gerektiriyordu. Cesedi 12 Ocak'tan resmi törene kadar Knesset Plaza'da kaldı ve ardından Negev Çölü'ndeki ailesinin çiftliğinde bir cenaze töreni düzenlendi. Şaron, karısı Lily'nin yanına gömüldü.

Tanınması
Şaron, 2004 yılında, İsrail haber sitesi Ynet tarafından yapılan bir ankette, tüm zamanların en büyük 8. İsrailli kişisi seçildi. Ariel Şaron'un adını taşıyan 250.000.000 $ değerindeki park, Tel Aviv'in dışında inşaat aşamasındadır.  Ariel Şaron Parkı tamamlandığında, New York'un ünlü Central Park'ının üç katı büyüklüğünde olacak ve birçok yeni ekolojik teknolojileri bünyesinde bulunduracaktır. Ayrıca yapılacak olan 50.000 kişilik Amfitiyatro da ulusal bir konser mekanı olarak planlanmıştır.

Özel hayatı
Ariel Şaron iki kez dul kalmıştır. Kısa bir süre askeri eğitmen olduktan sonra, ilk eşi olan Margalit ile evlenmiş ve Gur adında bir oğlu olmuştur. Eşi Margelit Mayıs 1962'de bir araba kazasında öldü. Oğlu Gur ise Ekim 1967 yılında, tüfekle oynayan bir arkadaşı tarafından yanlışlıkla vurulup ölmüştür. Eski karısı Margalit'in ölümünden sonra, onun küçük kız kardeşi Lily ile evlendi. Çiftin Omri ve Gilad isimli iki oğlu oldu. Lily Şaron, 2000 yılında akciğer kanserinden öldü.

Kaynakça

1928 doğumlular
Filistin doğumlular
2014 yılında ölenler
İsrail başbakanları
İsrail dışişleri bakanları
İsrail savunma bakanları
İsrail çalışma bakanları
İsrail iletişim bakanları
İsrail tarım bakanları
İsrail sanayi bakanları
İsrailli generaller
İsrailli Siyonistler
Milliyetçiler
İsrail'deki siyasi parti liderleri
Kudüs İbrani Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Tel Aviv Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
1973 Arap-İsrail Savaşı'nda kişiler
8. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
9. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
10. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
11. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
12. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
13. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
14. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
15. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
16. dönem İsrail parlamentosu milletvekilleri
Kadima mensubu siyasetçiler
Aşkenaz Yahudileri
Böbrek yetmezliğinden ölenler
İsrail'de ölenler
Rusya Yahudisi asıllı İsrailliler
Yahudi agnostikler
Likud partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
İsrail sağlık bakanları
İsrail içişleri bakanları

Ariel Şaron


Chiquilladas puede referirse a:

Chiquilladas, una revista de historietas de la editorial Novaro;
Chiquilladas, un programa de televisión mexicana de Televisa (1982-1989).

Chiquilladas


Mitchell Coby Michael Grassi () este un cântăreț și vlogger american. Mitch este unul dintre membrii fondatori și tenorul trupei Pentatonix (2011-prezent) și unul dintre vloggerii canalului Superfruit.

Nașteri în 1992
Nașteri pe 24 iulie
Cântăreți americani

Mitch Grassi


عامر بوعزة  (مواليد 22 فبراير 1985 في إيسون، فرنسا) هو لاعب كرة قدم جزائري وهو من ولاية سعيدة يلعب في مركز الجناح الأيسر، انضم إلى منتخب الجزائر لكرة القدم سنة 2007 وهو محترف الآن في نادي بلاكبول الإنجليزي ويتميز بالتسديدات الصاروخية والأخلاق العالية. شارك مع المنتخب الجزائري في كاس الأمم الأفريقية 2010 بانغولا حيث اقحمه المدرب السابق رابح سعدان في مباراة الجزائر ضد الكوت ديفوار وسجل هدف الفوز الثمين للجزائريين عن طريق راسية رائعة في الشوط الثالث وانتهت المباراة بنتيجة 3_2 بفوز الجزائر.
يلعب حاليا لنادي غراتزر AK النمساوي منذ أغسطس 2012 معارا من راسينغ سانتاندر الإسباني

روابط خارجية

المصادر

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في تركيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في تونس
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من إيفري (مدينة)
رياضيون جزائريون مغتربون في المملكة المتحدة
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لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2010
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2013
لاعبو كرة قدم جزائريون
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لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
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لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في تركيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في تونس
لاعبو منتخب الجزائر لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي النجم الأحمر
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لاعبو وفاق سطيف
مسلمون جزائريون
مواليد 1405 هـ
مواليد 1985
مواليد في إيفري (مدينة)

عامر بوعزة


لجنة اللغة العبرية (بالعبرية: ועד הלשון העברית) هي منظمة إسرائيلية اسسها إليعيزر بن يهودا ورافقت إحياء اللغة العبرية في دولة إسرائيل.

في عام 1890 قررت جمعية «لغة مفهومة» لابن يهودا ان تقيم «لجنة لادب اللغة»، لكي تزيد من استعمال اللغة العبرية كلغة الحديث ولكي تقترح كلمات جديدة في اللغة. فورًا بعد ذلك قاموا بتغيير اسم اللجنة ل-«لجنة اللغة». لقد تم انتخاب بن يهودا كرئيس للجنة، واعضاؤها كانوا: الربان حاييم هرشنزون، دافيد يلين، زاب يعباز، ابراهام موشيه لونز، الربان يعقوب مئير وياحيل ميخال فينس. اللجنة عملت لمدة سنة وتوقفت.

في عام 1904 تجدد عمل اللجنة بواسطة المدرسين اليهود، الذين واجهوا مصاعب كبيرة في استخدام اللغة العبرية للتعليم. وقد حددت أعمال اللجنة:

 السماح باستخدام اللغة العبرية كلغة حديث في كل شؤون الحياة، في المنزل، في المدرسة، في الحياة الاجتماعية، في البيع والشراء، في الصناعة والفنون، في الابداع والعلوم.
 الحفاظ على الصفات الشرقية للغة وصورتها المميزة الأساسية بكتابة الاحرف ولفظها، في مبنى الكلمات وصيغتها.

اللجنة عملت على تحديد مبدأ انتظام في اللغة العبرية، في القواعد، في اللفظ وفي تحليل الكلمات. اللجنة واجهت ايضًا انتقاد واسع حول طريقة عملها وحول الكلمات التي قامت بتجديدها، وهناك من نعتها بالازدراء واختراع الكلمات.

مع قيام دولة إسرائيل اقترح دافيد بن غوريون بتغيير لجنة اللغة إلى "مجمع اللغة العبرية"، وحقًا في عام 1953 سنّت الكنيست "قانون المعهد العالي للغة العبرية (1953)، الذي بمساهمته تم تغيير «لجنة اللغة» إلى "أكاديمية اللغة العبرية".

رؤساء لجنة اللغة العبرية

 إليعيزر بن يهودا - من عام 1912 حتى وفاته عام 1922.
 دافيد يلين - من عام 1912 حتى وفاته عام 1942.
 د. أهرون مئير مزيا - من عام 1926 حتى وفاته عام 1930.
 حاييم نحمان بياليك - من عام 1924 حتى وفاته عام 1934.
 نفتالي هيريز طور سيناي - من عام 1934 حتى تأسيس مجمع اللغة العبرية.
 يوسف كلوزنر - من عام 1942 حتى تأسيس مجمع اللغة العبرية.

في كل سنوات عمل لجنة اللغة العبرية كان لها رئيسان: الأول من القدس والآخر من تل أبيب، ولهذا هناك تشابك في فترات حكم الرؤساء.

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1953 في إسرائيل
منظمات حكومية إسرائيلية
منظمات لغوية

لجنة اللغة العبرية


مقبرة شهداء أحد أحد أهم المعالم الإسلامية في المدينة المنورة، تقع شمال المسجد النبوي على بعد 5 كم. سميت بهذا الاسم لأنها تضم أجساد سبعين من الصحابة الكرام الذين استشهدوا في غزوة أحد ومنهم عم النبي حمزة بن عبد المطلب الملقب بأسد الله، وقد سمي بهذا الاسم لشجاعته، تقع المقبرة عند قاعدة جبل أحد حيث قام المسلمون بدفن شهدائهم السبعين بعد انتهاء المعركة، فيهم أسد الله حمزة بن عبد المطلب ومصعب بن عمير رضي الله عنهما. ولهذا الجبل مكانة متميزة في نفوس المسلمين، جاءت في فضله الأحاديث العظيمة ويكفي فيه قوله «أحد جبل يحبنا ونحبه». تضم المقبرة أيضًا قبرا الصحابيان عبد الله بن جحش وحنظلة بن أبي عامر.

المراجع

معالم المدينة المنورة
شهداء أحد

مقبرة شهداء أحد


In color science, the dominant wavelength is a method of characterizing a color's hue. Along with purity, it makes up one half of the Helmholtz coordinates. A color's dominant wavelength is the wavelength of monochromatic spectral light that evokes an identical perception of hue.

Determination

Helmholtz coordinates

The Helmholtz coordinates are a polar coordinate system for defining a 2D chromaticity plane. The circumferential coordinate is the dominant wavelength, which is analogous to hue of the HSL and HSV color spaces. The radial coordinate is the purity, which is analogous to saturation of the HSL and HSV color spaces.

Color space
Any chromaticity diagram from any color space can be used for calculating the dominant wavelength as long as it is bound by a spectral locus defined by wavelength. However, the values will change depending on which color space is used. Unless otherwise stated, the CIE 1931 color space (CIEXYZ) is used., but the CIELUV color space is sometimes used.

Calculation
To calculate the dominant wavelength of a chromaticity (or color), a straight line is drawn on the chromaticity diagram between the chromaticity's coordinates and the white point. The line is then extrapolated so it intersects the perimeter of the diagram at two points, where the perimeter comprises the spectral locus and/or line of purples. The point of intersection that is nearer to the chromaticity in question defines its dominant wavelength. The purity can then be calculated as defined here.

White point
The white point is generally defined as—or assumed to be—equal energy white. This is defined as [x,y]=(0.33,0.33) in CIEXYZ color space and is  analogous to the HSV white point at (0,0). However, other white points may be used, generally defined by "white" standard illuminants or a color temperature such as 6500K.

Complementary wavelength
When the chromaticity lies within the triangle with vertices at the white point, spectral blue (~400 nm) and pure spectral red (~700 nm), the dominant wavelength is indeterminate because the  point of intersection that is nearer to the chromaticity lies on the line of purples instead of the spectral locus. The colors on the line of purples cannot be defined by wavelength because they do not represent monochromatic light.

Instead, the dominant wavelength is replaced with the complementary wavelength, which will represent the complementary color. To calculate it, the point of intersection that is further from the chromaticity in question is used. If the nearer intersection is on the line of purples, the further intersection must be on the spectral locus.

Application
Dominant wavelength is used to define the color of light sources, such as the LEDs, that do not lie along the Planckian locus (which would otherwise be defined by color temperature). These light sources are also often described by their peak wavelength—the wavelength of highest radiometric spectral flux (highest peak in the power spectrum)—but the dominant wavelength is a photometric quantity, and therefore intuitively conveys what color the light will appear without relying on inexact color naming.

See also
 Hue
 Colorfulness
 White point

References

Color

Dominant wavelength


Klimaks (græsk klimaks 'stige, trappe, stigning') er en af de retoriske talefigurer, der anvendes i poesi, veltalenhed og narrative fortællinger, og som består i en sådan planmæssig ordning af tanker og følelsesudtryk, at virkningen er stigende. "Formue, sundhed, liv, ære, alt er tabt". Som hyperbelen er den et udtryk for en stigende sindsbevægelse og virker derigennem, men refleksionen bevarer her herredømmet over sindsbevægelsen og associationerne, således at den ordner rækken. I modsætning til klimaks står antiklimaks, hvor leddene ordnes således, at virkningen er dalende.

Eksterne henvisninger
, bind 14, side 125 skrevet af professor Claudius Wilkens

Retorik

Klimaks (narrativ)