Senator de drept a reprezentat o funcție de demnitate publică, neeligibilă, din România, în perioada 1866-1946. Ea a fost instituită prin Constituția din 1866 și a fost suprimată începând cu anul 1946, odată cu desființarea de către guvernul condus de Petru Groza a Senatului și trecerea la un regim parlamentar monocameral.

Evoluție istorică

Constituția din 1866
Articolul 76 al Constituției din 1866 prevedea următoarele:
Vor fi de drept membri ai Senatului:
 moștenitorul Tronului la vârsta de 18 ani, însă el nu va avea vot deliberativ decât la vârsta de 25 ani.
 mitropoliții și episcopii eparhioți.
Constituția mai prevedea, la articolul 77, că "membrii Senatului nu primesc nici o donațiune nici indemnitate", prevedere care se aplica și senatorilor de drept.
Constituția din 1923
Constituția din 1923 a dezvoltat prevederile constituției anterioare prevăzând la art. 67. că "Senatul se compune din senatori aleși și din senatori de drept". Art. 75. prevedea condițiile care trebuiau îndeplinite pentru a fi eligibil pentru Senat: cetățenie română, a avea exercițiul drepturilor civile și politice, vârsta de 40 ani împliniți, domiciliul în Romania. Aceleași condiții, afară de condiția de vârstă, erau aplicabile și senatorilor de drept.

Noua Constituție, identifica două categorii de senatori de drept.

Prima categorie era definită de art. 72, care preciza că:Sunt de drept membri ai Senatului, în virtutea Înaltei lor situațiuni în Stat și Biserică: moștenitorul Tronului de la vârsta de 18 ani împliniți; el însă nu va avea vot deliberativ decât la vârsta de 25 ani împliniți; mitropoliții țării; episcopii eparhioți ai Bisericilor ortodoxe române și greco-catolice, întrucât vor fi aleși conform legilor țării; Capii confesiunilor recunoscute de Stat, câte unul de fiecare confesiune, întrucât sunt aleși sau numiți conform legilor țării și reprezintă un număr de peste 200.000 credincioși; precum și reprezentantul superior religios al musulmanilor din Regat; președintele Academiei Române.
Mandatul acestor senatori inceteaza odata cu calitatea sau demnitatea care le atribue dreptul.''''

Cea de-a doua categorie era definită de art. 73, care preciza că:Devin senatori de drept: foștii Președinți de Consiliu, întrucât vor avea o vechime de patru ani ca Președinti de Consiliu titulari, și foștii Miniștri având o vechime de cel puțin șase ani intr-una sau mai multe guvernări; fostii Președinti ai Corpurilor Legiuitoare care vor fi exercitat această demnitate cel puțin în cursul a opt sesiuni ordinare; fostii Senatori și Deputați aleși în cel puțin zece legislaturi, independent de durata lor; fostii Primi-Președinti ai Înaltei Curți de Casație si Justiție care au ocupat această funcțiune sau pe aceea de Presedinte la Casație cinci ani; generalii de rezervă și în retragere: care vor fi exercitat comanda unei armate în fața inamicului, ca titulari, cel puțin 3 luni care au îndeplinit functiunea de Șef al Marelui Stat-Major, sau de inspector general de armată (comandant de armată), în timp de pace, cel puțin patru ani foștii Presedinți ai Adunărilor Naționale din Chișinău, Cernăuți și Alba-Iulia, care au declarat Unirea.

Constituția preciza, la art. 74. procedurile de nominalizare și revocare a senatorilor de drept, menționând că: verificarea îndeplinirii condițiunilor senatorilor de drept se face de o comisiune compusă din Președintii secțiunilor Înaltei Curți de Casație si Justiție, sub președinția Primului-Președinte al acestei Înalte Curți. Constatarea se face din oficiu, la cererea Președintelui Senatului sau a acelora care au dreptul. Președintele Senatului înscrie senatorii de drept pe baza încheierii Comisiunii. Senatul poate discuta și semnala Comisiunii, spre rectificare, erorile constatate în stabilirea drepturilor.
Legea electorală din 1946
La 15 iulie 1946, guvernul pro-comunist condus de Petru Groza adoptă Legea nr. 560 pentru alegerea Adunării Deputaților''. Odată cu adoptarea acestei legi, Parlamentul României devenea unul monocameral, Senatul era desființat, dispărând totodată și demnitaea de senator de drept.

Referințe și note

Bibliografie
 Focșeneanu, Eleodor,  Istoria constitutionala a Romaniei, 1859–1991, Editura Humanitas, București, 1998

Vezi și
 Senatul României
 Constituția României din 1866
 Constituția României din 1923

Legături externe
 Senatul României
 Legea nr. 560 pentru alegerea Adunării Deputaților
!
Istoria României Mari (1918-1939)

Senator de drept


Bérgolo ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Daniel Bérgolo (1945–2009), uruguayischer Schauspieler
 Juan Antonio Bérgolo, uruguayischer Fußballspieler
 Olga Bérgolo (1939–2022), uruguayische Tänzerin

Siehe auch:
 Bergolo, Gemeinde in der Provinz Cuneo, Italien

Bérgolo


Rafael Arráiz Lucca (born 3 January 1959, Caracas) is a Venezuelan essayist, poet, historian and professor.

Career
Arraiz Lucca is professor in the Metropolitan University of Caracas (UNIMET). Since 2001, has been in charge of the "Fundación Para la Cultura Urbana" (Foundation for Urban Culture), in Caracas. Became a lawyer in 1983 at the Andrés Bello Catholic University (UCAB), specialist in integrated communications in 2002 (UNIMET), in 2005 finished a mastership in History at the UCAB.

Has written many poem books including: Balizaje (1983), Terrenos (1985), Almacén (1988), Litoral (1991), Pesadumbre en Bridgetown (1992), Batallas (1995), Poemas Ingleses (1997), Reverón 25 poemas (1997) and Plexo Solar (2002). Has been the writer of some works of literature and history such as Venezuela: 1830 a nuestros días (Review of Venezuelan history from 1830), in 2007, and Literatura Venezolana del Siglo XX (Venezuelan literature of the 20th century), in 2009, and has contributed with some essay books: Venezuela en cuatro asaltos (1993), Trece lecturas venezolanas (1997), Vueltas a la patria (1997), Los oficios de la luz (1998), El recuerdo de Venecia y otros ensayos (1999), El coro de las voces solitarias, una historia de la poesía venezolana (2002) and ¿Que es la globalizacion? (2002). Weekly writer at Venezuelan daily El Nacional since 1983.

During the 1990s, Arráiz Lucca was director of the National Council of Culture and president of the state-owned publishing Monte Ávila Editores Latinoamericana.

Being a prolific poet and essayist, he took part in the Calicanto workshop ran by fellow writer Antonia Palacios. This experience led to an urban proposal that took shape in the form of a speech which focused on the 80s.

See also
Venezuela
Venezuelan literature
List of Venezuelan writers

External links
  Review about Arráiz Lucca´s career at the XIX Medellín International Festival of Poetry website

1959 births
Living people
Writers from Caracas
20th-century Venezuelan lawyers
20th-century Venezuelan historians
Venezuelan literary critics
Venezuelan male writers
Venezuelan people of Italian descent
Andrés Bello Catholic University alumni
21st-century Venezuelan historians

Rafael Arráiz Lucca


مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث هو مستشفى تخصصي يقع في مدينة الرياض في المملكة العربية السعودية. يقدم المستشفى ومركز الأبحاث رعاية صحية أولية للمرضى المنومين والمُراجعين، ويشارك في العديد من الدراسات السريرية والبحثية. كما يعتبر من أفضل المستشفيات في المملكة العربية السعودية المتخصصة في كلٍّ من زراعة الأعضاء، وأمراض الأورام، وأمراض القلب، والأمراض العصبية، والأمراض الوراثية، ويبلغ عدد زيارات العيادات الخارجية حوالي 10,000 زيارة سنوياً ويضم أكثر من 1,600 سريراً ويشمل على 28 مستشفى مشارك في خدمات التعاون المحلي. كما يبلغ عدد الأطباء أكثر من 1,000 طبيب ويبلغ إجمالي عدد الموظفين أكثر من 13,000 موظف من 67 جنسية مختلفة. مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث معتمد من اللجنة المشتركة الدولية لاعتماد المنشآت الصحية، وحاصل على شهادة التميز في التمريض من مركز اعتماد وتقييم مهنة التمريض الأمريكي وغيرها من الجوائز والاعتمادات.

في 21 ديسمبر 2021  صدر أمر ملكي يقضي بتحويل المؤسسة العامة لمستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث إلى مؤسسة مستقلة ذات طبيعة خاصة غير هادفة للربح ومملوكة للحكومة، باسم (مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث).

تأسيس المستشفى
أُقيم المستشفى على أرضٍ تبرع بها الملك فيصل بن عبد العزيز آل سعود، حيث تبلغ مساحتها 450,000 متر مربع، قام الملك فيصل بوضع حجر الأساس في عام 1391هـ، وكان الهدف من بناء المستشفى تقديم الخدمات الصحية للمواطنين وعدم الحاجة للسفر إلى الخارج.

بدايات تشغيله
بدأ تشغيل مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث في تاريخ 12 ربيع الثاني 1395هـ/22 إبريل 1975م، وكان يُطلق عليه المستشفى الأتوماتيكي لجودة التقنية المتوفرة فيه على مستوى الشرق الأوسط، ولقد مر المستشفى بسلسلة من المراحل أبرزها:

 في أوائل عام 1402هـ/الموافق أبريل عام 1982م افتتح خادم الحرمين الشريفين الملك فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود مركز الأبحاث.
 في عام 1404هـ/1984م افتتح أيضًَا الملك فهد مبنى العيادات الخارجية للمستشفى إضافة إلى ذلك الجناح الشرقي ومبنى التوسعة ومبنى أورام الأطفال.
 افتتح الملك سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود حديقة غار المعذر في محرم 1416هـ بمساحة تبلغ 33,700 متر مكعب لتكون معلماً جمالياً للمستشفى.

موقع المستشفى وفروعه
 مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث (مؤسسة عامة) - الرياض.
 مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث (مؤسسة عامة) - جدة.
 مركز الملك فهد الوطني لأورام الأطفال والأبحاث – الرياض.
 مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث (مؤسسة عامة) – المدينة المنورة.

التصنيف
 المركز الأول في العالم العربي وفي القطاع الصحي في قياس التحول للتعاملات الإلكترونية.
 متفوق الأداء في زراعة الأعضاء وأمراض القلب والأورام والأعصاب والأمراض الوراثية.
 المركز التاسع عالمياً كأفضل مركز تدريب إنقاذ الحياة.

تاريخ المؤسسة
1975: افتتح الملك خالد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود رسمياً مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث.
1997: افتتاح مركز الملك فهد الوطني لأورام الأطفال.
2000: تشغيل مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث - فرع جدة.
2002: تحول مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث لمؤسسة عامة
2016: افتتاح مركز الملك عبد الله للسرطان وأمراض الكبد.
2019: افتتاح مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث – المدينة المنورة.
2021: أمر ملكي بتحويل المؤسسة العامة لمستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث إلى مؤسسة مستقلة ذات طبيعة خاصة غير هادفة للربح ومملوكة للحكومة، باسم (مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث).

رعاية المرضى والتعليم والبحث

رعاية المرضى
بافتتاح المستشفى عام 1975م كانت رسالته تنص على «تقديم أعلى مستوى من الرعاية الصحية المتخصصة في بيئة تعليمية وبحثية متكاملة». وبعد أكثر من 42 عاماً لا يزال المستشفى يعمل بدأب على نهج هذه الرسالة. في الوقت الحاضر يبلغ عدد برامج الزمالة للأطباء المقيمين 22 برنامجاً معتمدة من مركز الدراسات العليا للتعليم الطبي. كما يتلقى المرضى في مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث التخصصي والمرجعي والذي يحتوي على أكثر من 1600 سرير على رعاية صحية متخصصة بأيدي مختصين مدربين يستخدمون أحدث التقنيات الطبية المتوفرة وأكثرها تطوراً؛ بما في ذلك آخر ما توصل عليه العلم في وحدات العناية المركزة، والمعدات الجراحية، ومختبرات إجراءات القلب الباضعة، ومختبرات الفيزيولوجيا الكهربية القلبية، ومختبرات التنظير، ووحدات غسيل الكلى، ووحدات التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي، والتصوير المقطعي بالإصدار البوزيتروني، كما يتيح المستشفى للأطباء إمكانية الوصول والاستفادة من أحدث الإجراءات في عالم التقنية والأدوية السريرية ليكفل للمرضى أجود أنواع الرعاية الصحية. في فبراير 2019م وقع المستشفى اتفاقية تعاون مشترك مع المركز السعودي لاعتماد المنشآت الصحية "سباهي"، تنص على تبادل الخبرات في تحسين الرعاية الصحية للمرضى في المملكة والمحافظة على سلامتهم.

التعليم
أحد الصفات المميزة لمستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث هي تركيزها على التعليم والتدريب الطبي والتقني والإداري منذ البداية. يقدم مركز الدراسات العليا للتعليم الطبي العديد من برامج الزمالة والإقامة. يقدم المستشفى أيضاً برنامج ابتعاث تمكن الموظفين المؤهلين لمواصلة تدريبهم وتعزيز معرفتهم ومهاراتهم الطبية والتقنية والإدارية. كما يقدم المستشفى باستمرار فرص تعليمية متمثلة في دورات لتحسين المهارات الأساسية وإدارة الخدمات الصحية المساعدة في تخصصات كثيرة وبوابة الإلكترونية "iLearn" وشراكات قائمة مع معاهد تعليمية محلية ودولية. تقدم إدارة التعليم الطبي المستمر أنشطة تعليمية معتمدة للمستشفى بما في ذلك ندوات وورشات عمل ودورات. تشمل الجهات المعتمدة الهيئة السعودية للتخصصّات الصحية والأكاديمية الأمريكية للتعليم الطبي المستمر والكلية الملكية للأطباء والجراحين في كندا.

مكتبة العلوم الصحية
توفر مكتبة العلوم الصحية خدمات معلوماتية شاملة لدعم البحث العلمي، والتعليم، ورعاية المرضى في مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث سواء على مستوى العاملين أو الطلاب، تحتوي على أكثر من 12,500 كتاب مطبوع، و 17,500 كتاب إلكتروني، و 10,500 صحف إلكترونية.

تعليم طبي مستمر
يقدم مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث تعليم طبي مستمر يدعم كلاً من برامج تدريب الزمالة والإقامة والتعليم الطبي الجامعي لطلاب الطب.

مركز تدريب إنقاذ الحياة
يوفر المركز التدريبي لإسناد الحياة مجموعة متكاملة من الدورات التدريبية على طريقة الإنعاش لمقدمي الرعاية الصحية في مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث (مؤسسة عامة وذلك تحت رعاية جمعية القلب الأمريكية). ويتمتع المركز بمستوى من الاحترافية ومعايير عالية ولذلك حصل على الجائزة الذهبية في عام 2016، باعتباره الجهة المنظمة للدورات التدريبية في طريقة الإنعاش لمقدمي الرعاية الصحية.

مكتبة العلوم الصحية
ينشر مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث ثلاث مجلات عالمية محكمة، منها المدونات الطبية السعودية، ومجلة علم الدم والأورام، والمجلة العالمية لطب الأطفال واليافعين.

مركز الأبحاث
مهمة مركز الأبحاث هي أن يكون مركزاً للتميز في أبحاث الطب الحيوي؛ لذلك يلتزم مركز الأبحاث بالتوجه نحو التقدم العلمي، وترجمة نتائج البحوث إلى أفضل رعاية صحية. كما يستقطب محترفين موهوبين من جميع أنحاء العالم ويمدهم بالوسائل ليطبقوا معاً أفكارهم الإبداعية مستخدمين أحدث التقنيات.

يتكون مركز الأبحاث من سبعة برامج:
 أبحاث جينوم السرطان البشري لمركز الملك فهد الوطني لأورام الأطفال.
  برنامج الطب الحيوي الجزيئي.
  برنامج أبحاث القلب والأوعية.
  برنامج المركز الوطني للتقنية الحيوية.
  مركز أبحاث التوحد.
  برنامج الخلايا الجذعية وهندسة الأنسجة.
 أبحاث الصحة البيئية.
كما يتكون من تسعة أقسام:

  الفيزياء الطبية الحيوية.
  الإحصائيات الحيوية والوبائيات والحوسبة العلمية.
  علم الأحياء الخلوي.
  إدارة أخلاقيات الدراسة السريرية التجريبية.
  الطب المقارن.
  السايكلترون والأدوية المشعة.
  العدوى والمناعة.
  علم الوراثة.
  قسم الأورام الجزيئي.

مجالات التخصص
  مركز القلب.
  أمراض الأورام (للكبار).
  زراعة الأعضاء.
 أمراض الدم والأورام للأطفال.
 العلوم العصبية.
  الطب الوراثي.

انظر أيضًا
مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي (جدة)
 مستشفى الملك عبد الله التخصصي للأطفال – جدة

مصادر
 الموقع الإلكتروني لمستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث
 مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث: النشأة والإنجازاتن مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي، تقديم: أنور الجبرتي، الرياض، 1419هـ/1999م.
 مدينة الملك فيصل الطبية، مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي، الرياض، 1395هـ/1975م.

مراجع

الرياض
الصحة في الرياض
الصحة في جدة
تأسيسات سنة 1975 في السعودية
شركات مقرها في الرياض
مبان ومنشآت في الرياض
مبان ومنشآت في جدة
مباني مستشفيات اكتملت في 1975
مستشفيات أسست في 1975
مستشفيات السعودية
مستشفيات تخصصية
معاهد أبحاث طبية
معاهد أبحاث في السعودية
منظمات مقرها في الرياض

مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي


قمة ليلي هي قمة في وادي هيشي في كاراكورام بباكستان، وتعلو حوالي 6,096 متر. شكلها السهمي المميز يجعلها واحدة من أجمل قمم الجبال في العالم. وجهها الشمال غربي زاوية ميله تقترب من 45 درجة على طول مسافة أفقية قدرها 1500 متر.

سيمون ياتس وآخرون قد تسلقوها، ولكن يؤكد السكان المحليون في هيشي أن القمة قد تسلقت مرتين فقط من قبل حوالي سبع أشخاص حاولوا الوصول إلي القمة.

ارتفاع قمة ليلي هو موضع جدال حيث يعتقد البعض أنها 6200 متر والبعض الآخر يعتقدون أنها تبلغ 6614 متر. ذكر تسينو ميياموري في خريطة تسلق الجبال اليابانية (منشوره في 2003) أن ارتفاع قمة ليلي هو 6096 متر..

أول تسلق لقمة ليلى
كانت أول محاولة لتسلق قمة ليلى في صيف عام 2005 على يد فريدريك إيريسون (Fredrik Ericsson)، وجورجين آموت (Jörgen Aamot) من الدول الإسكندنافية. بالرغم من عدم وصولهم إلى القمة لكنهم تزلجوا على الوجهة الشمال غربي لها، وقد وصفوا الجبل على أنه «واحد من أكثر الجبال روعة الذي لا مثيل له، فهو يشبه الإبرة الموجهة باستقامه للسماء».

فريدريك وجورجين وصلوا لعسكر القاعدة على قمة ليلي في 18 يونيو 2005 على ارتفاع 4150 متر، ومعسكر 1 في 22 يونيو 2005 على ارتفاع 5000 متر، ثم قاموا بأول محاوله للوصول للقمة في يوم الجمعة 24 يونيو 2005. انطلقوا في التسلق من ارتفاع 5000 متر في الساعة 2:30 ليلاً وبعد سبع ساعات من التسلق وهم على بعد 100 متر من القمة أدركوا أنها كثير الثلج وذلك كان سبب توقفهم وبداية رحلة التزحلق على الوجه الشمال غربي للقمة.

انظر أيضاً
 كاراكورام

مصادر

جبال باكستان

جبال غلغت-بلتستان

قمة ليلى


Martín de Roa, né à Cordoue vers  et mort le  à Montilla, est un jésuite et érudit espagnol.

Biographie
Né vers 1560, à Cordoue, il embrassa la règle de St-Ignace à l'âge de quinze ans, et, après s'être perfectionné dans la connaissance des langues et de la littérature anciennes, professa la rhétorique au collège de sa ville natale, où il donna ensuite des leçons sur l'Écriture Sainte. Ses talents l'élevèrent aux premiers emplois de la société. Il fut successivement recteur dans différents collèges, provincial de l'Andalousie et enfin procureur général près du Saint-Siège. À son retour de l'Italie, il abdiqua ses différentes fonctions pour se livrer entièrement à l'étude de l'histoire et des antiquités. Il mourut à Montilla, le , âgé de 74 ans.

Œuvres
On trouvera la liste de ses ouvrages dans la Bibliothèque de Southwell,  et suivantes. Les principaux sont :

 Singularium locorum et rerum S. Scripturæ libri VI, in duas partes distincti ; item de die natali sacro et profano liber unus, Lyon, 1667, in-8°. Cette édition est la plus complète et la plus recherchée.
 De accentu et recta in græcis, latinis, barbaris pronunciatione ;
 De Cordubæ principatu et de auctoritate et antiquitate sanctorum martyrum Cordubensium, ac de Cordubensi Breviario, Lyon, 1617, in-4°. L'auteur traduisit lui-même cet ouvrage en espagnol et y fit des additions, Cordoue, 1636, in-4°.
 Santos Honorio, Eutichio, Estevan, patronos de Xeres de la Frontera ; nombre, sito, antiguedad de ciudad, valor de sus ciudadanos, Séville, 1617, in-4° ;
 Del estado de las aimas en purgatorio, ibid., 1624, traduit en latin et en italien. Cet ouvrage, rare et recherché des amateurs, est, dit Feller, plus curieux qu'utile. L'auteur y avance plusieurs choses qu'il eût mieux valu laisser dans les secrets de Dieu.
 Malaga, su fundación, su antiguedad, etc., Malaga, 1627, in-4° ;
 Historia de la mui antigua y noble ciudad de Écija, Séville, 1629, in-4°.

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Juan Luis de la Cerda

Liens externes

Jésuite espagnol
Naissance à Cordoue
Décès en avril 1637
Écrivain espagnol du XVIe siècle
Écrivain espagnol du XVIIe siècle

Martín de Roa


පේරාදෙණිය විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයීය කෘෂි විද්‍යා පීඨය පේරාදෙණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයට අයත් පීඨ අටෙන් එකක් වන අතර එය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිහිටුවන ලද පැරණිතම කෘෂි විද්‍යා පීඨයද වේ.

ඇතුලත්  විමට සුදුසුකම්

කෘෂි පීඨය, පේරාදෙණිය විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය


Garde-à-vous peut désigner :

 le garde-à-vous, une position adoptée par les militaires sur l'injonction « Garde à vous ! » ;
 Garde à vous, une émission de télévision ;
 Étoiles, garde-à-vous !, un roman de science-fiction de Robert Heinlein.

Garde-à-vous (homonymie)


Buena Vista Social Club, 1940'larda kapanmış olan Küba Havana'daki bir üyeler kulübü ve aynı zamanda 1990'ların müzik grubu, 1997 albümü, 1999 film ve orijinal Havana kulübünün müzik ruhunu temsil eden bir gayri-resmi marka.

Orijinal Buena Vista Social Club, 1940'larda müziyenlerin bir araya gelmek ve çalmak için gittikleri popüler bir mekan olarak danslar ve müzik etkinlikleri düzenledi. 1990'larda, kulüp kapandıktan yaklaşık 50 yıl sonra, popülaritesinin yükseldiği sırada kulüpte çalan emektarlardan bazılarının da bulunduğu geleneksel Kübalı müzisyenlerle birlikte Kübalı müzisyen Juan de Marcos González ve Amerikalı gitarist Ry Cooder tarafından yapılan kayda esin kaynağı oldu.

Havana kurumundan sonra Buena Vista Social Club adıyla çıkan kayıt uluslararası başarıyı yakaladı ve topluluğun Nisan 1998'de Amsterdam'da tam bir kadroyla (iki gece) sahne almasını sağladı. Alman yönetmen Wim Wenders, 1 Temmuz 1998'de Carnegie Hall, New York'ta, Buena Vista Social Club olarak da adlandırılan ve Havana'da düzenlenen müzisyenlerle yapılan röportajları içeren bir belgesel için filmdeki performansı ve ardından gelen performansı yakaladı. Wenders'ın filmi 4 Haziran 1999'da eleştirel beğeni toplamıştır, En İyi Belgesel Film dalında Akademi Ödülü'ne aday gösterilip Avrupa Film Ödülleri'nde En İyi Belgesel de dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda ödül kazanmıştır.

Hem albüm hem de filmin başarısı, geleneksel Küba müziği ve Latin Amerika müziğine olan ilginin yeniden canlanmasına yol açtı. Bazı Kübalı sanatçılar daha sonra iyi karşılanan solo albümler yayınladı ve farklı müzik türlerinden yıldızlarla ortak kayıtlar yaptılar. "Buena Vista Social Club" adı bu performansları ve yayınları anlatmak için bir çatı terim oldu ve 1930'larla 1950'ler arasındaki Küba'nın "müzikal altın çağ"ını özetleyen bir marka etiketine benzetildi. Yeni başarı, topluluktaki en tanınmış sanatçılar için kısa sürdü: Compay Segundo, Rubén González ve Ibrahim Ferrer, sırayla 95, 84 ve 78 yaşlarında vefat ettiler; Segundo ve González 2003'te, Ferrer ise 2005'te.

Trompetçi Manuel "Guajiro" Mirabal, udi Barbarito Torres'le tromboncu ve koro şefi Jesus "Aguaje" Ramos gibi, Buena Vista Social Club'un hayatta kalan birkaç üyesi şarkıcı Carlos Calunga, virtüoz piyanist Rolando Luna ve bazen solo şarkıcı Omara Portuondo gibi yeni üyelerle Orquesta Buena Vista Social Club adlı 13 kişilik müzik grubunun bir parçası olarak dünya turuna çıkmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

 Wenders, Wim and Wenders, Donata: Buena Vista Social Club: The Book of the Film. Wim Wenders, Donata Wenders. Thames & Hudson Ltd. (Mar 2000). ISBN 050028220X
 Roy, Maya: Cuban Music: From Son and Rumba to the Buena Vista Social Club and Timba Cubana. Wiener (Markus) Publishing Inc. (May 2002). ISBN 1558762825

Dış bağlantılar

  World Circuit Records'ta Buena Vista Social Club.
 Nonesuch Records'ta Buena Vista Social Club biyografisi .
  PBS'de Buena Vista Social Club sitesi
  Carnegie Hall'da Billboard'ın Buena Vista Social Club eleştirisi
 "Ten Years After...Looking Back at the Buena Vista Social Club" by Ted Gioia (Jazz.com)

Nonesuch Records sanatçıları
World Circuit (plak şirketi) sanatçıları

Buena Vista Social Club


(12 de enero de 1976) es un luchador de artes marciales mixtas y lucha libre profesional japonés. Minowa es conocido por su larga carrera en Pancrase y PRIDE Fighting Championships, así como en DREAM y otras empresas derivadas. Minowa es conocido por su excentricidad dentro y fuera de los cuadriláteros y por su tendencia a enfrentarse a luchadores mucho mayores, ganando contra casi todos ellos.

Fue ganador del torneo Super Hulk de DREAM y tiene ciertos reconocimientos en victorias sobre peleadores como Gilbert Yvel, Phil Baroni, Hong Man Choi, Bob Sapp, Eric Esch, Kimo Leopoldo, kickboxers del K-1 como Errol Zimmerman y Stefan Leko, un excampeón de la UFC Don Frye y en su cenit profesional derrotó también a Rameau Thierry Sokoudjou para convertirse en el campeón del Gran Premio Super Hulk 2009 (Open-Weight) de DREAM en el evento Dynamite!! 2009.

Carrera en las artes marciales mixtas
Minowa ganó una enorme popularidad en PRIDE Fighting Championships por sus sensacionales entradas, en las que normalmente llevaba la bandera de Japón a modo de capa, y por su arriesgado y atrevido estilo de lucha, en el que utilizaba movimientos derivados de la lucha libre profesional tales como dropkicks, piledrivers e incluso Death Valley drivers. También destacó por sus extravagantes métodos de entrenamiento, en los que aparecía esquivando pelotes de béisbol y entrenando en ambientes naturales como ríos. A pesar de su constitución ligera, ha derrotado a oponentes mucho más grandes que él, lo que le ha brindado el apodo de "The Giant Killer".

Carrera en la lucha libre profesional
El 22 de febrero de 2010, Minowa hizo su debut en la empresa de lucha libre Inoki Genome Federation, donde derrotó a Necro Butcher. Más tarde, Minowa recibió entrenamiento especial de Satoru "Tiger Mask I" Sayama, quien le otorgó el gimmick y la máscara de Tiger Mask. Esto hace a Ikuhisa el quinto Tiger Mask de la historia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Official website (Japanese)
PRIDE profile

Practicantes de artes marciales mixtas de Japón
Luchadores profesionales de Japón

Ikuhisa Minowa


Stormurinn er plata eftir Íslenska tónlistarmanninn Bubba Morthens sem kom út 7. maí 2013. Upptökur á plötunni hófust í byrjun 2012. Bubbi tók upp 22 lög fyrir plötuna en valdi svo einungis 15 sem komust á plötuna. Stormurinn var þarsíðasta plata Bubba sem hann vann með Berki og Daða Birgissonum, en sú síðasta var Æsku minnar jól. Daði sagði að Bubbi hafi stundum komið í heimsókn í Stúdíó Sýrland, plokkað fyrir bræðurna á gítarinn og sagt þeim sögur yfir kaffibolla.Við hugsuðum það verður að gera svona plötu, bara Bubbi og kassagítar. Yfirleitt voru þetta tveir hljóðnemar.

Daði Birgisson

Lagalisti

 Allt var það krónunni að kenna
 Fyrir mörgum sumrum síðan
 Lipurtá
 Hoggið í stein
 Ruggaðu mér í svefn
 Brostu
 Afmælið
 Einu sinni enn
 Brosandi börn
 Tíðindarlaust af vesturvígstöðum
 Kirkjan
 Stormurinn
 Best er bara að þegja
 Karlskröggur
 Trúðu á ljósið

Bubbi Morthens
Hljómplötur gefnar út árið 2013

Stormurinn


Sandhornøya (også skrevet Sandhornøy) er den største ø i Gildeskål kommune i Nordland fylke i Norge. Den har et areal på . Øen domineres af fjeldet Sandhornet, som når  Øen har broforbindelse til Kjøpstad på fastlandet og fylkesvej 17. Der er færgeforbindelse fra Horsdal til Sørarnøya og Sund lige ved Inndyr. Fra Våg er der hurtigbådsforbindelse til Bodø, ydre Gildeskål og Helgeland.

erhvervslivet på øen har traditionelt været domineret af landbrug og fiskeri, men i 2000-tallet er også turisme samt private og offentlige servicetjenester vigtige erhverv. Øen har to butikker, Matkroken Sandhornøy på Sandnes og Spar Sandhornøy i havnen i Våg. Ved Dalan ligger børnehave og børne - og ungdomsskole. På Mårnes ligger Sandhornøy ÆEldresenter og Miljøhuset Globen. Det er stenbrud for kvarts i Stigan ved Mårnes.

I Våg ligger Våg havnegård, som har kontorer og et laboratorium for algeforskning. Byggeriet er inspireret af SALT-projektet, som var på øen for nogle år siden, men som havarerede i en storm. Ved Våg ligger også Blixgården, hvor salmedigteren Elias Blix voksede op, og man kan besøge hans hjem på Elias Blix-tunet.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Video - Sandhornøy/Sandvika
 Elias Blix jubileum 2011.

Øer i Nordland
Gildeskål

Sandhornøya


Stor taffeland () er en dykand, der lever i Alaska, Canada og det nordvestlige USA.

Noter
 Netfugl.dk
 Avibase - the world bird database

Dykænder
Nordamerikas fugle

Stor taffeland


The Torres Strait Islands are an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait, a waterway separating far northern continental Australia's Cape York Peninsula and the island of New Guinea. They span an area of , but their total land area is .

The Islands are inhabited by the indigenous Torres Strait Islanders. Lieutenant James Cook first claimed British sovereignty over the eastern part of Australia at Possession Island in 1770, but British administrative control only began in the Torres Strait Islands in 1862. The islands are now mostly part of Queensland, a constituent State of the Commonwealth of Australia, but are administered by the Torres Strait Regional Authority, a statutory authority of the Australian federal government. A few islands very close to the coast of mainland New Guinea belong to the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, most importantly Daru Island with the provincial capital, Daru.

Only 17 of the islands are inhabited. The Torres Strait Islands' population was recorded at 4,514 in the 2016 Australian census, with 91.8% of these identifying as Indigenous Torres Strait Island peoples. Although counted as Indigenous Australians, Torres Strait Islander peoples, being predominantly Melanesian, are ethnically and culturally different from Aboriginal Australians.

History
The Spanish Explorer Luís Vaez de Torres sailed the Torres Strait in 1606. Torres had joined the expedition of Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, which sailed west from Peru across the Pacific Ocean, in search of Terra Australis.

Lieutenant James Cook first claimed British sovereignty in 1770 over the eastern part of Australia at Possession Island, calling it New South Wales in the Name of His Majesty King George the Third.

British administrative control did not begin until 1862 in the Torres Strait Islands, marked by the appointment of John Jardine, police magistrate at Rockhampton, as Government Resident in the Torres Straits. He originally established a small settlement on Albany Island, but on 1 August 1864 he settled at Somerset Island. Although the Torres Strait Islanders had long dived for pearl shells themselves, the international industry of pearl and trochus shells, for using the mother of pearl as decoration, started in earnest in the 1860s. By the 1890s, the islands were supplying more than 50 per cent of the world's pearl shells.

The London Missionary Society (LMS) mission, led by Rev. Samuel Macfarlane, arrived on Erub (Darnley Island) on 1 July 1871. After the Anglican Church took over their mission in the 20th century, they referred to the events as "The Coming of the Light", and established an annual celebration on 1 July.

In 1872, the boundary of Queensland was extended to include Thursday Island and other islands in Torres Strait within 60 miles of the Queensland coast.

In June 1875, a measles epidemic killed about 25% of the population, with some islands suffering losses of up to 80%, as the islanders had no natural immunity to European diseases.

In 1879, Queensland annexed the other Torres Strait Islands. They were classified as part of the British colony of Queensland and, after 1901, of the Australian state of Queensland. But some of them lie just off the coast of New Guinea.

In 1885, John Douglas was appointed as Government Resident Magistrate residing on Thursday Island. He made periodic tours of all the islands and was known to all the natives. He established the system under which the hereditary native chief of each island was installed as chief magistrate, supporting the local traditional system. He also established Native Police, but the only island on which the Native Police were armed was Saibai. There they were provided with Snider carbines to repel the attacks of the Marind-anim (formerly known as Tugeri), the headhunters who raided the islands from their territory on the New Guinea coast.

In 1898–1899, the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition led by Alfred Cort Haddon visited the Torres Strait Islands. Among its members was W. H. R. Rivers, who later gained notability for his work in psychology and treating officers in the Great War. They collected and took about 2000 cultural artefacts, ostensibly to save them from destruction by missionaries. But all of the artefacts collected by Samuel Macfarlane were sold in London, mostly to European museums.

20th century to present
In 1904, the peoples of the Torres Strait Islands were made subject to the Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897, which gave draconian powers to the Queensland government in placing legal restrictions on natives and on their land use.

In 1899, John Douglas had initiated a process of electing island councils, intended to loosen the power of missionaries in the islands. They had become powerful by default because the government did not have resources to administer the territory. In the Western islands, where the traditional lifestyle was semi-nomadic, the council system continued to thrive.

During World War II, many Torres Strait Islander people served in the Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion of the Australian Army.

From 1960 to 1973, Margaret Lawrie captured some of the Torres Strait Islander people's culture by recording their recounting of local myths and legends. Her anthropological work, stored at the State Library of Queensland, has recently been recognised and registered with the Australian UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.

The proximity of the islands to Papua New Guinea became an issue when the territory started moving to gain independence from Australia, which it gained in 1975. The Papua New Guinea government objected to the position of the border close to the New Guinean mainland, and the subsequent complete control that Australia exercised over the waters of the strait. The Torres Strait Islanders opposed being separated from Australia and insisted on no change to the border. The Australian Federal government wished to cede the northern islands to appease Papua New Guinea, but were opposed by the Queensland government and Queensland Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen.

An agreement was struck in 1978 whereby the islands and their inhabitants remained Australian, but the maritime boundary between Australia and Papua New Guinea was defined as running through the centre of the strait. In practice the two countries co-operate closely in the management of the strait's resources.

In 1982, Eddie Mabo and four other Torres Strait Islander people from Mer (Murray Island) started legal proceedings to establish their traditional land ownership. Because Mabo was the first-named plaintiff, it became known as the Mabo Case. In 1992, after ten years of hearings before the Queensland Supreme Court and the High Court of Australia, the latter court found that the Mer people had owned their land prior to annexation by Queensland. This ruling overturned the long-established legal doctrine of terra nullius ("no-one's land"), which held that native title over Crown land in Australia had been extinguished at the time of annexation. The ruling thus has had far-reaching significance for the land claims of both Torres Strait Islanders and Australian Aboriginal people. Its effects are still being felt in the 21st century, as indigenous communities establish claims to their traditional lands under the Native Title Act of 1993.

On 1 July 1994, the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA) was created. In March 2008, fifteen Torres Strait Islander Councils were amalgamated into a single body to form a Torres Strait Island Regional Council, or Torres Strait Island Region, created by the Queensland Government in the interest of financial viability, and accountability and transparency of local governments throughout the State. It is administered from Thursday Island, but Thursday, Horn Island, Prince of Wales Island and many others are under the Shire of Torres council.

In the , the population of the Torres Strait Islands was 4,514, of whom 4,144 (91.8%) were Torres Strait Islanders. These inhabitants live on only 14 of the 274 islands. For comparison, people identifying themselves as of Torres Strait Islander descent living in the whole of Australia numbered 32,345, while those of both Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal descent numbered a further 26,767.

Geography

The islands span an area of some . The strait from Cape York to New Guinea has a width of approximately  at its narrowest point; the islands lie scattered in between, extending some  from furthest east to furthest west. The total land area of the islands comprises .  of land are used for agricultural purposes.

The Torres Strait itself was previously part of a land bridge known as the Arafura Plain which connected the present-day Australian continent with New Guinea (in a single landmass called Sahul, Meganesia, Australia-New Guinea). This land bridge was most recently submerged by rising sea levels at the end of the last ice-age glaciation approximately 12,000 years ago, forming the Strait which now connects the Arafura and Coral seas. Many of the western Torres Strait Islands are the remaining peaks of this land bridge which were not completely submerged when the ocean levels rose.

The islands and their surrounding waters and reefs provide a highly diverse set of land and marine ecosystems, with niches for many rare or unique species. Saltwater crocodiles inhabit the islands along with neighboring areas of Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Marine animals of the islands include dugongs (an endangered species of sea mammal widely found throughout the Indian Ocean and tropical Western Pacific, including Papua-New Guinean and Australian waters), as well as green, ridley, hawksbill and flatback sea turtles.

The Torres Strait Islands may be grouped into five distinct clusters, which exhibit differences of geology and formation as well as location. The Torres Strait provides a habitat for numerous birds, including the Torresian imperial-pigeon, which is seen as the iconic national emblem to the islanders.

These islands are also a distinct physiographic section of the larger Cape York Platform province, which in turn is part of the larger East Australian Cordillera physiographic division.

Top Western islands (Gudaw Maluligal Nation)
The islands in this cluster lie very close to the southwestern coastline of New Guinea (the closest is less than  offshore). Saibai (one of the largest of the Torres Strait Islands) and Boigu (one of the Talbot Islands) are low-lying islands which were formed by deposition of sediments and mud from New Guinean rivers into the Strait accumulating on decayed coral platforms. Vegetation on these islands mainly consists of mangrove swamps, and they are prone to flooding.

The other main island in this group, Dauan (Mt Cornwallis), is a smaller island with steep hills, composed largely of granite. This island actually represents the northernmost extent of the Great Dividing Range, the extensive series of mountain ranges which runs along almost the entire eastern coastline of Australia. This peak became an island as the ocean levels rose at the end of the last ice age.

The isolated and uninhabited Deliverance Island is  west of Boigu, the nearest of the Top Western islands.

Near Western islands (Maluligal Nation)
The islands in this cluster lie south of the Strait's midway point, and are also largely high granite hills with mounds of basaltic outcrops, formed from old peaks of the now submerged land bridge. Moa (Banks Island) is the second-largest in the Torres Strait, and Badu (Mulgrave Island) is slightly smaller and fringed with extensive mangrove swamps. Other smaller islands include Mabuiag, Pulu and further to the east Naghir (correct form Nagi, aka Mount Ernest Island). Culturally this was the most complex part of Torres Strait, containing three of the four groupings/dialects of the Western-central Islanders, Nagi being culturally/linguistically a Central Island (Kulkalaig territory, specifically part of Waraber tribal waters), Moa is part of the Muwalaig-Italaig-Kaiwalaig [Kauraraig/Kaurareg] tribal areas, with two groups, the Italaig of the south, and the Muwalaig of the north. Many Kauraraig also live there, having been forcibly moved there in 1922–1923. Badu and Mabuiag are the Maluigal Deep Sea People.

Inner islands (Kaiwalagal Kawrareg Aboriginal Nation)

These islands, also known as the Thursday Island group, lie closest to Cape York Peninsula, and their topography and geological history is very similar. Muralag (Prince of Wales Island) is the largest of the Strait's islands, and forms the centre of this closely grouped cluster. The much smaller Waiben Thursday Island is the region's administrative centre and most heavily populated. Several of these islands have permanent freshwater springs, and some were also mined for gold in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Because of their proximity to the Australian mainland, they have also been centres of pearling and fishing industries. Nurupai Horn Island holds the region's airport, and as a result is something of an entrepôt with inhabitants drawn from many other communities. Kiriri (Hammond Island) is the other permanently settled island of this group; Tuined (Possession Island) is noted for Lt. James Cook's landing there in 1770. Moa in the Near Western group is culturally and linguistically speaking part of this group.

Central islands (Kulkalgal Nation)
This cluster is more widely distributed in the middle of Torres Strait, consisting of many small sandy cays surrounded by coral reefs, similar to those found in the nearby Great Barrier Reef. The more northerly islands in this group however, such as Gerbar (Two Brothers) and Iama (Yam Island), are high basaltic outcrops, not cays. Nagi is a culturo-linguistic part of this group, and also has high basaltic outcropping. The low-lying inhabited coral cays, such as Poruma (Coconut Island), Warraber Island and Masig (Yorke Island) are mostly less than  long, and no wider than . Several have had problems with saltwater intrusion.

Eastern islands (Kemer Kemer Meriam Nation)
The islands of this group (principally Mer (Murray Island), Dauar and Waier, with Erub Island and Stephen Island (Ugar) further north) are formed differently from the rest. They are volcanic in origin, the peaks of volcanoes which were active in Pleistocene times. Consequently, their hillsides have rich and fertile red volcanic soils, and are thickly vegetated. The easternmost of these are less than  from the northern extension of the Great Barrier Reef.

Symbolism of the flag design

The national flag features a white Dhari (headdress) and, underneath, a white five-pointed star, symbolising "peace, the five major island groups and the navigational importance of stars to the seafaring people of the Torres Strait". The five points of the star on the flag represent the following regions (which do not match administrative regions):
 Northern Division (Boigu, Dauan, Saibai)
 Eastern Islands (Erub, Mer, Ugar)
 Western Division (St. Pauls, Kubin, Badu, Mabuiag)
 Central Division (Masig, Poruma, Warraber, Iama)
 Southern Division (Thursday, Horn, Prince of Wales and Hammond Islands, NPA and Mainland Australia)

A celebration known as Flag Day takes place on 29 May each year, the anniversary of the day the flag was officially presented to the people of the Torres Strait.

Administration

Regional Authority

The Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA), an Australian Commonwealth statutory authority created in 1994, exercises governance over the islands. The TSRA has an elected board comprising 20 representatives from the Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal communities resident in the Torres Strait region.

One representative per established local community wins election to the board under the Queensland Community Services (Torres Strait) Act 1984 and Division 5 of the ATSIC Act 1989. The TSRA itself falls under the portfolio responsibilities of the Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (previously under the Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs). Thursday Island functions as the administrative centre of the islands.

The TSRA now represents the local communities at both Commonwealth and State levels; previously, State representation operated via a Queensland statutory authority called the Island Coordinating Council (ICC). The Torres Strait Island Region local government area superseded the ICC in March 2008.

In March 2008, fifteen Torres Strait Islander Councils were amalgamated into a single body to form a Torres Strait Island Regional Council, or Torres Strait Island Region, created by the Queensland Government in the interest of financial viability, and accountability and transparency of local Governments throughout the State. It is administered from Thursday Island, but Thursday, Horn Island, Prince of Wales Island and many others are under the Shire of Torres council.

Local (shire) level government

At the local level, there are two authorities. One is the Shire of Torres, which governs several islands and portions of Cape York Peninsula and operates as a Queensland local government area.

The other is the Torres Strait Island Region, created in 2008, which embodies 15 former island councils. These former councils had been previously relinquished by the Government of Queensland to specific Islander and Aboriginal Councils under the provisions of the Community Services (Torres Strait) Act 1984 and the Community Services (Aboriginal) Act 1984), consisting of:

 Badu Island Council
 Bamaga Island Council
 Boigu Island Council
 Dauan Island Council
 Erub Island Council
 Hammond Island Council
 Iama Island Council
 Kubin Island Council
 Mabuiag Island Council
 Mer Island Council
 Poruma Island Council
 Saibai Island Council
 Seisia Island Council
 St Pauls Island Council
 St Patrick Island council
 Ugar Island Council
 Warraber Island Council
 Yorke Island Council

Localities
This shows the localities of the Torres Strait Islands in alphabetical order.

Independence movement
Politicians who have declared support for independence, include Bob Katter and former Queensland Premier Anna Bligh, who in August 2011 wrote to Prime Minister Julia Gillard in support of Torres Strait Islands independence from Australia; Prime Minister Gillard said in October 2011 "her government will respectfully consider the Torres Strait's request for self-government". Other figures who have supported independence include Australian Indigenous rights campaigner Eddie Mabo.

Languages

Torres Strait Islander peoples, the indigenous peoples of the islands, are predominantly Melanesians, culturally most akin to the coastal peoples of Papua New Guinea. Thus, they are regarded as being distinct from Aboriginal peoples of Australia and are generally referred to separately, despite ongoing historical trade and inter-marriage with mainland Aboriginal people. There are also two Torres Strait Islander communities on the nearby coast of the mainland, Bamaga and Seisia.

According to the Torres Strait Treaty, residents of Papua New Guinea are permitted to visit the Torres Strait Islands for traditional purposes.

There are three languages spoken on the islands. The two indigenous languages are the Western-Central Torres Strait Language (called by various names, including Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Kalaw Kawaw Ya, Kulkalgau Ya and Kaiwaligau Ya), and the Eastern Torres Language Meriam Mir.

Yumplatok (also known as Torres Strait Creole and Broken) is a contemporary Torres Strait Island language spoken in the Torres Strait. The contact with missionaries, traders and other English speakers since the 1800s led to the development of a pidgin language. It developed more fully as a creole language, with its own distinctive sound system, grammar, vocabulary, usage and meaning. Torres Strait Creole is spoken by most Torres Strait Islanders and is a mixture of Standard Australian English and traditional indigenous languages. It is an English-based creole; however, each island has its own version of creole. Torres Strait Creole is also spoken on the Australian mainland, including in the Northern Peninsula Area Region and coastal communities such as Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton and Brisbane.

Climate change

The Torres Strait Islands are threatened by rising sea levels, especially those islands which do not rise more than  above sea level. Storm surges and high tides pose the greatest danger. Other developing problems include erosion, property damage, drinking water contamination and the unearthing of the dead. As of June 2010, there were no relocation strategies in place for Torres Strait Islanders. By 2021, at least one freshwater well had turned to salt water.

In early 2020, it was reported that Warraber is particularly threatened by rising sea levels, and coastal defences have been built on many of the beaches on the island. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted that by 2100, tides will rise , depending on the timing and level of cuts to carbon emissions. Several of the smaller islands in the group are also under threat. Construction of sea walls has begun on Boigu Island, and Masig Island is next in line.

Torres Strait 8
A group of eight people from the small, low-lying islands of Boigu, Poruma, Warraber and Masig, who became known as the Torres Strait 8, lodged a complaint against the Australian Government with the UN Human Rights Committee in May 2019, based on the claim that their human rights were being violated by the government's lack of efforts to protect the people of the Strait from the effects of climate change. Their complaint has been supported by the current and previous UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment, David Boyd and John Knox respectively. The group is also seeking an opinion from the International Court of Justice as to whether they would be eligible to seek compensation from countries or large companies for losses brought about by climate change.

In 2020 the Torres Strait 8 were recognised as one of ten "Human Rights Heroes" in the Human Rights Awards, in a special category replacing the usual awards.

In September 2022, the UN Human Rights Committee gave its response to the Torres Strait 8. It concluded that Australia had violated two of three human rights described in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, a treaty signed in 1966 by 173 member states of the UN, including Australia. The violated rights are "the right to enjoy their culture" and "[to] be free from arbitrary interferences with their private life, family and home". The committee did not find that their right to life had been violated. There is no means by which to enforce the finding, but states generally comply. While the Morrison government had called for dismissal of the complaint, the Albanese government (since early 2022) was committed to working with Torres Strait Islanders on climate change. The committee called on the government to compensate the islanders for the harm already inflicted, "consult the community on their needs and take action to secure their safety".

Disease control
The banana plant leaf disease black sigatoka, the major banana disease worldwide, is endemic to Papua New Guinea and the Torres Strait Islands. Occasional infections have been discovered on Cape York Peninsula but they have been successfully halted with eradication programs. The disease most likely appeared on the mainland via plant material from the Torres Strait Islands.

Music
The music of the Torres Strait is principally vocal accompanied by instruments. The introduction of Christianity through the London Missionary Society, beginning in 1871, had a profound influence, but before that time the musical culture reflected the cultural and geographic diversity of the Strait.

See also

 List of Torres Strait Islands

 Torres Strait Islanders

References

Further reading
  (Timeline)

 Torres Strait community government review – 2006 "consultation with the people of Torres Strait is reviewing how local government in the 17 Torres Strait Island Councils should operate.
 Charting the Pacific: Torres Strait Islands (ABC, 2005)
 Untitled photo from: Photograph album of Papua and Torres Strait (1921) taken by Frank Hurley at the National Library of Australia.
 Torres Strait Islanders: A New Deal, A Report on Greater Autonomy for Torres Strait Islanders, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Affairs August 1997

External links

 Torres Strait Regional Authority
 Torres Strait Islands Photograph Album 1935, State Library of Queensland. Photograph album showcasing Queensland Attorney-General Hon. John Mullan's 1935 official visit to the Torres Strait Islands and the Gulf of Carpentaria.
 Torres Strait Islands Photographs 1908-1920, State Library of Queensland

Islands of Far North Queensland
Geography of Melanesia
Aboriginal communities in Queensland
Torres Strait Islands culture
Physiographic sections
Separatism in Australia
Fishing communities in Australia

Torres Strait Islands


Sub o formă sau alta, Germania a concurat la majoritatea a Jocurilor Olimpice moderne, prima participare fiind la prima ediție din 1896 de la Atena. Codul CIO este GER.

A fost de trei ori țara-gazdă: la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1936 și la cele de iarnă din același an, ambele la Berlin, și la cele de vară din 1972 de la München. În plus, a fost aleasă pentru a găzdui Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1916 și cele de iarnă din 1940, dar nu au avut loc din cauza respectiv a Primului Război Mondial și a celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial.

Medalii după Olimpiadă
Marginea roșie înseamnă că Germania a fost țara-gazdă.

Medalii la Jocurile de vară

Medalii la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă

Sportivii cei mai medaliați

Referințe
    dosb.de, site-ul oficial al Confederației Olimpice Germane
  Germania la Comitetul Internațional Olimpic
  Rezultate olimpice ale Germaniei  pe Sports Reference

Vezi și
 Germania de Est la Jocurile Olimpice
 Germania de Vest la Jocurile Olimpice
 Saar la Jocurile Olimpice
 Echipa Unificată a Germaniei la Jocurile Olimpice

Germania la Jocurile Olimpice


[[Fil:Los angeles orpheum wurlitzer console.JPG|thumb|right|Palladiums Wurlitzer var fra 1937, men spillekonsollen var magen til denne Wurlitzer fra 1927 (Opus 1821) fra Orpheum Theatre i Los Angeles]]
Kinoorglet i Palladium var et WurliTzer-kinoorgel, der var opstillet i Palladium-biografen i København. Som underholdning før filmen blev der spillet på orglet, der var bygget i 1937 og blev opstillet i 1938.

Orglet døbtes "Bævreklaveret" af det københavnske vid. Det var et fuldt udrustet kinoorgel af den type der i sin tid var opfundet til at forsyne stumfilmene med musikledsagelse og alskens lydeffekter, og som efter tonefilmens gennembrud havde fået en helt ny funktion i de engelske biografer, nemlig som populære koncertinstrumenter i forlystelsespaladser, der blev drevet som såkaldte Cine-Varieties, med en skønsom blanding af film og scenisk underholdning. Egentlige varieté-shows blev det ikke til i den københavnske biograf, men det populære instrument var med til at skabe en særlig afslappet og ubekymret stemning i det nye biografteater på Vesterbrogade. Før forestillingen blev lyset dæmpet i salen, og i spotlysenes kulørte kegler så man spillekonsollen og organisten – i hvid smoking – komme langsomt op på en elevatorskive fra scenegulvets dyb, mens det indledende nummer blev spillet. Han nikkede venligt til publikum og skiven drejede 180 grader så han derefter sad med ryggen mod publikum.

Organisterne var blandt byens kendteste musikere, og stjerne-kinoorganister fra USA og England gav gæstespil i biografen under stor opmærksomhed. Mange organister betjente orglet gennem årene, blandt andre australieren Berrey Brettoner, Mogens Kilde (1940-48 og 1950-52), englænderen Robinson Cleaver, Peer Frost, Ove Peters, Bertrand Bech, englænderen Bobby Pagan og Benna Moe. Mogens Kilde mente selv at Robinson Cleaver var den mest talentfulde, men han blev aldrig rigtig populær. Det gjorde til gengæld hans landsmand Bobby Pagan. Selv tenorhelten Aksel Schiøtz indspillede plader med ledsagelse af Palladiums kino-orgel.

 Specifikationer WurliTzer – Model 175 3C (opus 2220 ud af i alt 2238)  – afsendt fra fabrikken i New York 27. oktober 1937.

3 Manualer – 7 Piberækker – 4 Stemt Slagtøj – 18 Effekter – Buet Konsol

|-
|
 Trompet	8' --	61 piber
 Åben Principal	16' --	85 piber
 Tibia Clausa	8' --	85 piber
 Violin	8' --	73 piber
 Violin Celeste (TC)	8' --	61 piber
 Fløjte	16' --	97 piber
 Vox Humana	8' --	61 piber
 Kathedral Klokker—18 stemmer
 Xylofon	--	37 stemmer
 Klokkespil—30 stemmer
 Chrysoglott—49 stemmer

PEDAL-VÆRK
 16'	Principal
 16'	Klokke
 8'	Trompet
 8'	Åben Principal
 8'	Tibia Clausa
 8'	Cello
 8'	Fløjte
	Bas Tromme
	Pauke
	Bækken
	Crash Bækken

1. & 2. Berørings Effekt-Omskifterkontakt

AKKOMPAGNEMENT

 16'	Klokke
 16'	Kontra Viola (TC)
 16'	Vox Humana (TC)
 8'	Trompet
 8'	Åben Principal
 8'	Tibia Clausa
 8'	Violin
 8'	Violin Celeste (TC)
 8'	Fløjte
 8'	Vox Humana
 4'	Oktav
 4'	Piccolo
 4'	Viola
 4'	Oktav Celeste
 4'	Fløjte
 4'	Vox Humana
 2'	Piccolo
	Chrysoglott (en slags Celeste)
	Lilletromme
	Tambourin
	Kastanetter
	Kinesisk Blok
	Tom Tom
	Kane-bjælder
Akkomp. 2. Berøring
 8'	Trompet
 8'	Tibia Clausa
	Klokker
	Triangel
|
5 Indstillelige Kombinations Stempler (Akkomp & Pedal)

SOLO

 16'	Principal
 16'	Tibia Clausa (TC)
 16'	Klokke
 16'	Vox Humana (TC)
 8'	Trompet
 8'	Åben Principal
 8'	Tibia Clausa
 8'	Violin
 8'	Violin Celeste (TC)
 8'	Fløjte
 8'	Vox Humana
 4'	Oktav
 4'	Piccolo
 4'	Viola
 4'	Oktav Celeste
 4'	Fløjte
 2 2/3	Tolvtedel (Tibia)
 2 2/3	Tolvtedel
 2'	Piccolo (Tibia)
 2'	Piccolo
 1 3/5	Syttendedel
	Katedral Klokker
	Xylofon
	Klokkespil
	Chrysoglott (en slags Celste)

Solo Anden Berøring

 16'	Trompet (TC)
 8'	Tibia Clausa

5 Indstillelige Kombinations Stempler(Solo & Pedal)

TREMULANT'er (3)
	Main
	Tibia Clausa
	Vox Humana
TÅ STEMPLER
	Hestehove
	Bølge-brænding
	Fugl
	Sirene
	Bilhorn
	Brandudryknings-sirene
	Brandudryknings-sirene (gentagelse)
	Dampskibsfløjte
	Maskingevær

TRYKKNAP
	Dørklokke
|

|}

Status

Der er kun bygget 6 stk. af typen 175<ref>WurliTzer Styles – Theatreorgans.com</ref>. 3 C referer til at der er en ekstra manual indskudt (den øverste), som stort set kun er med for syns skyld. Denne specialitet blev ifølge fabrikkens oplysninger kun leveret til England. Paladiums Wurlitzer var altså beregnet til det engelske marked. Orglet eksisterer ikke længere i sin helhed, men de dele der er tilbage – spillekonsollen, slagtøjet, lydeffekterne og en lille del af piberne – ejes i dag af Musikhistorisk Museum i København. Indtil videre befinder de sig på magasin, men man håber ved lejlighed at kunne præsentere dem for publikum. Der mangler for mange dele til at det kan komme til at spille igen med sine originale dele, men muligheden foreligger for at indkøbe et tilsvarende instrument i udlandet og anvende dele herfra til restaureringen. At det ikke bliver helt billigt vidner Wurlitzeren Opus 2208 (3 Manualer, opr. 8 piberækker, senere udvidet til 10) om, som indtil 2007 stod i Brighouse, West Yorkshire, England. Den er netop blevet flyttet til Victoria Hall, Saltaire, Bradford og opstillingen, inkl. ny lift, har kostet 135.000 £.

 Hør Wurlitzeren Opus 2208
For at få et indtryk af hvordan Palladiums Wurlitzer (Opus 2220) fra oktober 1937 har lydt, kan man høre John Bowdler'' øve sig på Wurlitzer (Opus 2208) fra februar 1937, her i en håndholdt amatøroptagelse medens instrumentet stod i Brighouse. Der er ikke den store forskel på dem, men Opus 2208 havde oprindelig 8 piberækker, senere udvidet til 10, medens Opus 2220 havde 7 piberækker.

 ****John Bowdler at The Brighouse Wurlitzer- Sublime Practice Session with a Difference

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 WurliTzer Opus List – STYLE

Orgler

Kinoorglet i Palladium


Pronto a correre (stylisé en #PRONTOACORRERE) est le deuxième album du chanteur italien Marco Mengoni, sorti le 19 mars 2013.

Description
Avant même sa parution, l'album était déjà porté par le succès de son titre phare, L'essenziale, qui a permis à Marco Mengoni de remporter le festival de Sanremo et de représenter l'Italie à l'Eurovision. La chanson Bellissimo a elle aussi été publiée en avance.

Le 10 juin 2014, l'album a été republié pour le marché espagnol avec certains titres réinterprétés dans la langue de Cervantes, à savoir L'essenziale, Non passerai et Pronto a correre.

Liste des pistes

Musiciens

 Voix, chœurs – Marco Mengoni
 Guitare, programmation, basse – Davide Tagliapietra
 Guitare – Michael Landau
 Basse – Reggie Hamilton
 Piano, clavier, synthétiseur, Hammond, Rhodes – Luca Scarpa
 Clavier, synthétiseur, programmation – Michele Canova Iorfida
 Clavier, piano, Wurlitzer – Larry Goldings
 Batterie – Gary Novak
 Trompette - Marco Tamburini
 Trombone – Roberto Rossi

Classements

Classements hebdomadaires

Succès commercial
Lors de la première semaine après sa sortie, l'album a débuté à la première place dans les charts italiens et à la 52e dans les charts suisses. Il a été sacré disque d'or après moins d'un mois, disque de platine en juin 2013, double disque de platine en décembre 2013 et triple disque de platine en septembre 2014. Il s'agit du septième album le plus vendu en Italie en 2013. Certains singles ont également joui d'un certain succès. C'est surtout le cas pour L'essenziale, sacré troisième single le plus vendu en 2013 dans le pays. Se sont aussi distingués Pronto a correre (36e single plus vendu de 2013 en Italie) et Non passerai (82e).

Notes et références

Album musical sorti en 2013

Pronto a correre


Lon Leonard Chapman (October 1, 1920 – October 12, 2007) was an American  actor best known for his numerous guest star appearances on television drama series.

Early years
Chapman was the son of Elmer and Eunice Chapman, He was born on October 1, 1920, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but lived thereafter in Joplin, Missouri. He graduated from Joplin High School and, in 1940, from Joplin Junior College. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps and served in the South Pacific during World War II. In 1947, Chapman graduated with a BFA degree from the University of Oklahoma at Norman.  Then in 1947 he hitchhiked with Dennis Weaver, his best friend at the university, to New York City, where he landed the role of Turk in Come Back, Little Sheba.

 Television
Chapman's first role on television was in 1951 on the series Starlight Theatre, playing the part of an arrogant high-school football player in an episode titled "Miss Bruell". Throughout the remainder of the 1950s, he continued to be cast in other series and gain experience in supporting roles. In 1958 he portrayed detective Jeff Prior in the NBC series The Investigator. He appeared twice on the CBS series The Defenders from 1961 to 1965.  Seven years later, he played another detective, Frank Malloy, in the CBS series For the People.

Some of the other series in which Chapman appeared in supporting roles or as a guest star include Gunsmoke, Harbourmaster, The Rifleman, The Lloyd Bridges Show, The Everglades, Decoy, Dundee and the Culhane, Mission: Impossible, Storefront Lawyers, Quincy, M.E., The A-Team, The Virginian, Matlock, NYPD Blue, Bonanza and Murder, She Wrote. In 1964 he also performed on Perry Mason, portraying a murderer, Jack Talley, in "The Case of the Tandem Target". He appeared as well in the 1966 episode "Lone Woman" of The Road West.  Between 1972 and 1975, he guest-starred too in three episodes of NBC's McCloud, which starred his friend Dennis Weaver, whom Chapman had originally urged to go into show business.  In the late 1970s, he appeared in the episode "The Waterhole" on The Oregon Trail (1977), the episode "Now You see Her..." on The Eddie Capra Mysteries (1978), and as the character L. Patrick Gray in the miniseries Blind Ambition (1979).

 Film
Chapman first film role was "Ernie the plumber" in the 1955 movie Young at Heart. During his lengthy career, his appearances include roles in East of Eden (1955), Baby Doll (1956), The Birds (1963), The Cowboys (1972), Where the Red Fern Grows (1974), Norma Rae (1979), 52 Pick-Up (1986) and Reindeer Games (2000).

Stage
Chapman debuted as a professional actor on stage in Chicago, where he portrayed Wiley as in a company presenting Mr. Roberts. His first Broadway appearance was as a guard in The Closing Door (1949). He also portrayed Tom in a revival of The Time of Your Life on Broadway and at the Brussels World's Fair.

From 1956 to 1961, he taught acting in New York. In 1973, he became artistic director of the non-profit Group Repertory Theatre in North Hollywood, California. In 1999, its name was changed to the Lonny Chapman Group Repertory Theatre. During his tenure, the group presented more than 350 productions.

Plays that he wrote included The Buffalo Skinner (1958), Cry of the Raindrop (1960), Hoot Sudie (1970), Go Hang the Moon (1974), Night at the Red Dog (1979), and Happy Days Are Here Again Blues'' (1979).

During the summers of 1959 through 1967, Chapman directed and produced more than 80 plays in Fishkill, New York, and he acted in more than 30 of them.

Recognition
In the fall of 2005, Chapman was named "Outstanding Alumnus" at Missouri Southern State University, in his hometown of Joplin. Chapman's best friend since his university days, fellow actor Dennis Weaver, had previously received that honor.

Personal life and death
In 1944, Chapman married the former Erma Dean Gibbons of Joplin, Missouri.  The couple remained married for 63 years and had two children:  a daughter, Linda Dean, and a son, Wyley. On October 12, 2007, at the age of 87, Chapman died of complications from heart disease at a care facility in North Hollywood.

Filmography

References

External links
TV Tome site on Lonny Chapman

Theater Mania Obituary
LA Times Obituary

1920 births
2007 deaths
People from Joplin, Missouri
Male actors from Missouri
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
American male film actors
American male television actors
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Missouri Southern State University alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
United States Marines
20th-century American male actors

Lonny Chapman


Thomas Egebo (født 22. januar 1962 i Silkeborg) er en dansk embedsmand. Han blev direktør for Energinet i 2018.

Han er uddannet cand.polit. fra Københavns Universitet 1988.

Tidligere har han været departementschef i Energi-, Forsynings- og Klimaministeriet, Klima-, Energi- og Bygningsministeriet, Klima- og Energiministeriet, Transport- og Energiministeriet og i Trafikministeriet og direktør i Geodatastyrelsen.

Kilder

Departementschefer i Energi-, Forsynings- og Klimaministeriet
Departementschefer i Klima-, Energi- og Bygningsministeriet
Departementschefer i Klima- og Energiministeriet
Departementschefer i Transport- og Energiministeriet
Departementschefer i Trafikministeriet
Politologer fra Danmark
Danskere i 1900-tallet
Danskere i 2000-tallet
Personer fra Silkeborg
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog

Thomas Egebo


Olaylar

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 26 Nisan - II. Stephanus, Papalık Devletlerinin ilk hükümdarı (d. 715)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 An Luşan, Yan Hanedanı hükümdarı (d. 703)

757


Fljótaþerna (Sterna aurantia) er máffugl sem finna má í Suð-austur Asíu.

Tegundin á nokkuð undir högg að sækja og hefur stofnstærðin minnkað og er hún skilgreind sem viðkvæm tegund á lista Alþjóðlegu náttúruverndarsamtakanna - IUCN.

Tilvísanir

Þernur

Fljótaþerna


جان ألان بومسونغ  (14 ديسمبر 1979 في دوالا) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي ليون الفرنسي في مركز قلب الدفاع .

المسيرة الرياضية مع الأندية

البدايات
بدأ مسيرته الرياضية في نادي لوهافر ثم انضم إلى نادي أوكسير . كان المدير الفني الفرنسي لفريق ليفربول الإنجليزي جيرارد هولييه يتابع بومسونغ لفترة طويلة ولكنه فشل في التعاقد معه . بعد انتهاء العقد الذي يربطه بنادي أوكسير استطاع كشاف المواهب المتواجد في إمارة موناكو ويلي جد لبومسونغ عرض مغري من نادي رينجرز الاسكتلندي وبالفعل تم توقيع العقد .

رينجرز
انضم بومسونغ إلى نادي رينجرز صيف سنة 2004 تحت قيادة المدير الفني أليكس مكليش موقعا على عقد يمتد لخمس سنوات . استطاع بومسونغ أن يتأقلم مع الأجواء داخل وخارج الملعب وأظهر مهارات كبيرة في مركزه المفضل قلب الدفاع مما زاد من عدد الإشاعات بأن أيامه في نادي رينجرز أصبحت معدودة بإظهار بعض الأندية الأوروبية الكبيرة اهتمامها بالتعاقد معه . لم يستطع مسئولو نادي رينجرز رفض العرض الرسمي المقدم من نادي نيوكاسل يونايتد الإنجليزي الذي تولى تدريبه غرايم سونيس مؤخرا بقيمة 8 ملايين جنيه إسترليني والذي كان في منتصف موسم 2004/2005 وبالفعل تمت الصفقة في يناير 2005 .

نيوكاسل يونايتد
وقع بومسونغ على عقد يربطه بنادي نيوكاسل يونايتد لخمس سنوات ونصف . أداء بومسونغ في المباريات الأولى كانت مبشرة بالخير ولكنه ارتكب خطأين قاتلين أمام فريق مانشستر يونايتد في بطولة الدوري الممتاز . وفي الموسم التالي عانى بومسونغ من الكثير من المشاكل الشخصية التي أثرت على مستواه داخل الملعب مما جعل وسائل الإعلام الرياضية تسائل عن ما إذا كان يستحق دفع هذا المبلغ الكبير في حقه .

يوفنتوس
في 22 أغسطس 2006 انضم بومسونغ إلى نادي يوفنتوس الإيطالي في الدرجة الثانية مقابل 4.8 مليون يورو مع مبالغ إضافية في حال ساعد الفريق على الصعود مجددا إلى الدرجة الأولى . في سبتمبر 2006 سجل بومسونغ أول أهدافه مع فريق يوفنتوس في مرمى فريق كروتوني والتي انتهت بفوز فريق يوفنتوس 3-0 . الهدف الثاني والأخير الذي سجل بومسونغ لصالح فريقه يوفنتوس كان في مرمى إنتر ميلان في بطولة كأس إيطاليا في 23 يناير 2008 .

ليون
في 24 يناير 2008 وافق بومسونغ على الانتقال إلى نادي ليون الفرنسي حيث وقع على عقد يمتد لثلاث مواسم ونصف . وصرح بومسونغ بأنه قرر الانتقال إلى نادي ليون من أجل زيادة فرصة انضمامه إلى صفوف منتخب فرنسا الذي سيشارك في نهائيات بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية 2008 التي أقيمت في النمسا وسويسرا معا .

المسيرة الرياضية مع المنتخبات
شارك بومسونغ في أول مباراة دولية مع منتخب فرنسا في مواجهة منتخب اليابان وديا في 20 يونيو 2003 ونتيجة لأدائه العالي انضم لتشكيلة منتخب فرنسا الذي شارك في نهائيات بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية 2004 التي أقيمت في البرتغال . ولعب بومسونغ بديلا في مباراة واحدة فقط من أصل 4 مباريات لعبها منتخب فرنسا .

في تصفيات كأس العالم 2006 أصبح لاعبا أساسيا بالتشكيلة وبالتالي تم استدعائه للمشاركة في نهائيات بطولة كأس العالم 2006 التي أقيمت في ألمانيا ولكنه لم يشارك في أي مباراة إن كان أساسيا أو بديلا بسبب عودة ليليان تورام .

انضم بومسونغ إلى تشكيلة منتخب فرنسا الذي شارك في نهائيات بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية 2008 التي أقيمت في النمسا وسويسرا معا ولكنه لم يشارك سوى في مباراة واحدة في مواجهة منتخب إيطاليا بديلا لسمير ناصري بسبب طرد قلب الدفاع الأساسي ايريك أبيدال .

الحياة الشخصية
أخ جان ألان بومسونغ الأصغر وهو يانيك بومسونغ كان سابقا لاعب كرة قدم محترف كما أنه قريب ديفيد نغوغ الذي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي ليفربول .

بومسونغ حاصل على شهادة جامعية في تخصص الرياضيات .

تزوج بومسونغ من جولييت ولديه منها ابنة اسمها إيفا ولدت في 12 ديسمبر 2007 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسكتلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص اعتنقوا الإسلام
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في إسكتلندا
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون من دوالا
كاميرونيون مهاجرون إلى فرنسا
لاعبو الدوري الإسكتلندي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري اليوناني
لاعبو أوكسير
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو باناثينايكوس
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2004
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو رينجرز
لاعبو كأس العالم 2006
لاعبو كأس القارات 2003
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسكتلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم من دوالا
لاعبو لوهافر
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نيوكاسل يونايتد
لاعبو يوفنتوس
لاعبون فائزون بكأس القارات
مسلمون فرنسيون
مواليد 1979
مواليد في دوالا

جان ألان بومسونغ


Philippe Fourquet, né le  à Perpignan, est un joueur de rugby à XIII dans les années 1980 et 1990 avant une fin de carrière en rugby à XV.

Il fait sa carrière au sein de trois clubs de rugby à XIII, Villeneuve-sur-Lot où il y remporte un titre de Championnat de France en 1980, Toulouse et Saint-Gaudens avec un doublé Championnat de France-Coupe de France en 1991. Fort de ses performances en club en rugby à XIII, il est sélectionné à de nombreuses reprises en équipe de France entre 1981 et 1989 remportant la Coupe d'Europe des nations en 1981 et en prenant part aux éditions de la Coupe du monde 1985-1988 et 1989-1992.

Biographie

Palmarès

 Collectif :
 Vainqueur de la Coupe d'Europe des nations : 1981 (France).
 Vainqueur du Championnat de France : 1980 (Villeneuve-sur-Lot) et 1991 (Saint-Gaudens)
 Vainqueur de la Coupe de France : 1991 (Saint-Gaudens)
 Finaliste du Championnat de France : 1981 (Villeneuve-sur-Lot)

Détails en sélection

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1960
Naissance à Perpignan
International français de rugby à XIII
Joueur français de rugby à XV

Philippe Fourquet


Delmotte ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der nordöstlichen Mondvorderseite, nördlich des Mare Crisium und östlich des großen Kraters Cleomedes.
Der Kraterrand ist unregelmäßig und relativ wenig erodiert, das Innere uneben.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem französischen Astronomen Gabriel Delmotte offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Delmotte auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Delmotte (Mondkrater)


Aprelewka (, ) ist ein Ort in der russischen Oblast Kaliningrad. Er gehört zur kommunalen Selbstverwaltungseinheit Stadtkreis Gurjewsk im Rajon Gurjewsk.

Geographische Lage
Aprelewka liegt im südöstlichen Samland und 14 Kilometer von Kaliningrad (Königsberg) entfernt. Durch den Ort verläuft die Kommunalstraße 27K-128 von Nisowje (Waldau) an der Kommunalstraße 27K-031 (alte Trasse der A 229) nach Konstantinowka (Konradswalde) an der  Regionalstraße 27A-024 (ex A190). Bis 1945 war Gamsau (russisch: Podgornoje) die nächste Bahnstation an der Strecke von Königsberg (Preußen) über Possindern (russisch: Roschtschino) nach Tapiau (Gwardeisk) der Königsberger Kleinbahn, die jedoch nicht reaktiviert wurde.

Geschichte
Das vor 1946 Wargienen genannte Dorf wurde im Jahre 1383 gegründet. Zwischen 1874 und 1945 war der Ort in den Amtsbezirk Groß Legden (russisch: Dobroje) eingegliedert und gehörte somit zum Landkreis Königsberg (Preußen) (1939 bis 1945 Landkreis Samland) im Regierungsbezirk Königsberg der preußischen Provinz Ostpreußen. Nach 1895 unterschied man zwischen dem Gutsbezirk Adlig Wargienen und der Landgemeinde Köllmisch Wargienen, wobei letztere am 8. Oktober 1901 ebenfalls in einen Gutsbezirk umgewandelt wurde. Im Jahre 1910 zählte Adlig Wargienen 35 und Köllmisch Wargienen 77 Einwohner.

Am 30. September 1928 kamen Teile von Adlig Wargienen zu Waldau (russisch: Nisowje), während der restliche Gutsbezirk, der Gutsbezirk Köllmisch Wargienen, der Gutsbezirk Legitten (Pobedino) – allerdings nur teilweise – und der Gutsbezirk Spitzings (Malinniki) sich zur neuen Landgemeinde Wargienen zusammenschlossen. Die Einwohnerzahl dieser Gemeinde betrug 1933 296 und 1939 bereits 328.

Infolge des Zweiten Weltkriegs kam Wargienen mit dem nördlichen Ostpreußen zur Sowjetunion. Im Jahr 1947 erhielt der Ort die russische Bezeichnung Aprelewka und wurde gleichzeitig dem Dorfsowjet Nisowski selski Sowet im Rajon Gurjewsk zugeordnet. Von 2008 bis 2013 gehörte Aprelewka
zur Landgemeinde Nisowskoje selskoje posselenije und seither zum Stadtkreis Gurjewsk.

Kirche
Vor 1945 war die Bevölkerung Wargienens fast ausnahmslos evangelischer Konfession. Das Dorf war in das Kirchspiel der Kirche Arnau (russisch: Rodniki) eingepfarrt und gehörte zum Kirchenkreis Königsberg-Land II in der Kirchenprovinz Ostpreußen der Kirche der Altpreußischen Union. Der letzte deutsche Geistliche war Pfarrer Arthur Brodowski.  Heute liegt Aprelewka im Einzugsgebiet der in den 1990er Jahren neu errichteten evangelisch-lutherischen Auferstehungskirche in Kaliningrad (Königsberg), der Hauptkirche der Propstei Kaliningrad in der Evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche Europäisches Russland (ELKER).

Weblinks
 Aprelewka auf bankgorodov.ru

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Rajon Gurjewsk (Kaliningrad)

Aprelewka (Kaliningrad)


La línea 12 de autobuses de Castellón une la Comisaría de Policía con la Universidad Jaime I.

Descripción
La línea 12 tiene su parada de inicio en la Comisaría de Policía, y realiza su recorrido de este a oeste, circulando por Godofredo Buenosaires, plaza del Pais Valencià, Ronda Mijares, Paseo Ribalta, Avda. Barcelona, Avda. Alcora, Avda. Sos Baynat, hasta finalizar su trayecto en la Universidad Jaime I (UJI). En el recorrido de vuelta, circula por Avda. Sos Baynat, Avda. Alcora, Avda. Dr. Clará, República Argentina, Avda. Burriana, Avda. Chatellerault, hasta finalizar de nuevo en la Comisaría de Policía. Si la UJI se encuentra cerrada, la línea 12 terminará y comenzará en las afueras de la universidad, como la línea 11.

Frecuencias

Recorrido

Notas

Transporte en Castellón de la Plana

Línea 12 (Bus Castellón)


Frecvența vieții (titlu original: Frequency) este un film american din 2000 regizat de Gregory Hoblit. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Jim Caviezel, Dennis Quaid, Elizabeth Mitchell, Shawn Doyle.

Prezentare

O legătură radio accidentală în timp leagă tată și fiu de-a lungul a 30 de ani. Fiul încearcă să salveze viața tatălui său, dar apoi trebuie să repare consecințele.

Distribuție
 Dennis Quaid - Francis Patrick "Frank" Sullivan
 Jim Caviezel - John Francis "Johnny" Sullivan
 Andre Braugher - Satch DeLeon
 Elizabeth Mitchell - Julia "Jules" Sullivan
 Shawn Doyle - Jack Shepard
 Noah Emmerich - Gordon "Gordo" Hersch
 Melissa Errico - Samantha Thomas
 Jordan Bridges - Graham Gibson
 Peter MacNeill - Butch Foster
 Michael Cera - Gordon Hersch Jr., Gordo's son
 Marin Hinkle - Sissy Clark
 Brian Greene - Rolul său
 Daniel Henson - 6-year-old John "Johnny" Sullivan
 Stephen Joffe - 6-year-old Gordon "Gordo" Hersch

Producție
Filmările au avut loc la Toronto și New York City.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
Listă de filme cu călătorii în timp
 Don't Let Go, film din 2019 cu o poveste asemănătoare

Filme din 2000
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de Gregory Hoblit
Filme fantastice din anii 2000
Filme SF din anii 2000
Filme thriller din anii 2000
Filme New Line Cinema
Filme SF thriller
Premiul Saturn pentru cel mai bun film fantastic
Filme cu bucle de timp
Filme cu călătorii în timp
Coloane sonore de Michael Kamen

Frecvența vieții


The Cuban Five, also known as the Miami Five, are five Cuban intelligence officers (Gerardo Hernández, Antonio Guerrero, Ramón Labañino, Fernando González, and René González) who were arrested in September 1998 and later convicted in Miami of conspiracy to commit espionage, conspiracy to commit murder, acting as an agent of a foreign government, and other illegal activities in the United States. The Five were in the United States to observe and infiltrate the Cuban-American groups Alpha 66, the F4 Commandos, the Cuban American National Foundation, and Brothers to the Rescue. They were part of  () composed of at least 27 Cuban spies.

The Cuban government acknowledged that the five were intelligence agents in 2001, after denying it for three years. It said they were spying on Miami's Cuban exile community, not the US government. Cuba says that the men were sent to South Florida in the wake of several terrorist bombings in Havana organized by anti-communist terrorist Luis Posada Carriles, a former Central Intelligence Agency operative.

The Five appealed their convictions, and concerns about the fairness of their trial received international attention. A three-judge panel of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta overturned their convictions in 2005, citing the "prejudices" of Miami's anti-Castro Cubans, but the full court later denied the five's bid for a new trial and reinstated the original convictions. In June 2009 the US Supreme Court declined to review the case. In Cuba, the Five are viewed as national heroes and portrayed as having sacrificed their liberty in the defense of their country.

René González was released from prison on October 7, 2011, having completed thirteen years of his sentence, with three years of probation in the US remaining. He was allowed to return to Cuba for his father's funeral on April 22, 2013, and a federal judge allowed him to stay there provided that he renounce his United States citizenship. Fernando González was released on February 27, 2014. The remaining members were released on December 17, 2014, in a prisoner swap with Cuba for an American intelligence officer, identified by a senior American as Rolando Sarraff Trujillo. The exchange of prisoners coincided with Cuba's release of American contractor Alan Phillip Gross, although the governments characterized the release of Gross as being unrelated to the prisoner exchange. Some observers saw these events as a first step in the easing of political relations between the United States and Cuba, known as the Cuban Thaw.

Background
In 1960s and 1970s, there were several attacks against Cuban civilians by U.S.-based exile groups such as Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU), Alpha 66, and Omega 7. In a 2001 report by Cuba's Permanent Mission to the United Nations, the Cuban government cataloged 3,478 deaths as a result of "terrorism", "aggression", "acts of piracy and other actions". The events cited span the course of four decades and pertain to attacks such as the bombing of Cubana Flight 455 by men trained by the Central Intelligence Agency, the CIA-supported Bay of Pigs invasion, and the Escambray Rebellion between the government and anti-communist rebels in the Escambray Mountains (see also Operation Mongoose). As a result, the Cuban government had long sought to combat these groups. Their efforts include the use of spies sent to operate in the U.S. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and other U.S. organizations had been monitoring the activities of Cuban spy suspects for more than 30 years.

History

Activities
The "Cuban Five" were Cuban intelligence officers who were part of "La Red Avispa", or Wasp Network, which the FBI dismantled with 10 arrests in 1998.

The court found that they had infiltrated Brothers to the Rescue, a Miami-based organization that flew small aircraft over the Florida straits in efforts to rescue rafters fleeing Cuba, and had on some flights intentionally violated Cuban airspace and dropped leaflets. On February 24, 1996, two Brothers to the Rescue aircraft were shot down by Cuban military jets in international airspace while flying away from Cuban airspace, killing four U.S. citizens aboard.

The U.S. government also accused the remaining four of lying about their identities and sending 2,000 pages of unclassified information obtained from U.S. military bases to Cuba. The network received clandestine communications from Cuba via the Cuban Atención numbers station.

U.S. government organizations, including the FBI, had been monitoring Cuban spy activities for over 30 years, but made only occasional arrests. However, after the two Brothers to the Rescue aircraft were shot down by Cuban MiGs in February 1996 and four U.S. citizens were killed, on the basis of information sent to Cuba by an infiltrator of the group, the Clinton administration launched a crackdown. According to U.S. attorney José Pertierra, who acts for the Venezuelan government in its attempts to extradite Luis Posada Carriles, the crackdown was aided by the cooperation of the Cuban authorities with the FBI in 1997. The Cubans provided 175 pages of documents to FBI agents investigating Posada Carriles's role in the 1997 bombings in Havana, but the FBI failed to use the evidence to follow up on Posada. Instead, they used it to uncover the spy network that included the Cuban Five. He was not arrested until 1998.

At least two of the agents formed romantic relationships during their deployments. One married an American woman, while another proposed during a relationship that lasted at least a decade. After the agents were exposed, the spouse in the first case sued the Cuban government for rape on the basis that sexual intercourse had been procured by fraud.

Arrests, convictions and sentences
All five were arrested in Miami on September 12, 1998 and were indicted by the U.S. government on 25 counts, including charges of false identification and conspiracy to commit espionage. Seven months later, Gerardo Hernández was indicted for conspiracy to commit murder in connection with the shoot-down of the Brothers to the Rescue aircraft.

The trial began in November 2000 in the U.S. District Court for Southern Florida in Miami and lasted seven months. In June 2001, the jury returned verdicts of guilty on all counts, including the charge of first-degree murder against Hernández.

In December 2001, the members of the group were sentenced to prison terms: two life terms for Hernández, to be served consecutively; life for Guerrero and Labañino; 19 years for Fernando González; and 15 years for René González. In addition, the prosecution sought the post-release deportation of the three Cuban-born members, and for the two US-born members, a post-release sentence of "incapacitation", imposing specific restrictions on them after their release, which would be enforced by the FBI. The restrictions would prohibit them from "associating with or visiting specific places where individuals or groups such as terrorists, members of organizations advocating violence, and organized crime figures are known to be or frequent."

In 2011, NPR reported some of the people associated with this group were imprisoned in a Communication Management Unit, a section within a federal prison that restricts and monitors all external communications.

Appeals

After the arrests, motions by the defense for a change of venue, on the basis that Miami was a venue too associated with exile Cubans, were denied, despite the fact that the trial began just five months after the heated Elian Gonzalez affair. The jury did not include any Cuban-Americans but 16 of the 160 members of the jury pool "knew the victims of the shootdown or knew trial witnesses who had flown with them." On August 9, 2005, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Atlanta unanimously overturned the convictions and sentences of the Cuban Five and ordered a new trial outside Miami, saying that the Cuban exile community and the trial publicity made the trial unfavorable and prejudicial to the defendants. This was the first time a Federal Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a trial court's finding with respect to venue. However, on October 31, 2005 the Atlanta court agreed to a U.S. government request to review the decision, and in August 2006 the ruling for a new trial was reversed by a 10-2 vote of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeal sitting en banc. Charles R. Wilson wrote the opinion of the majority.

On June 4, 2008, a three-judge panel of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the convictions of the "Five" but vacated and remanded for resentencing in district court the sentences of Guerrero, Labañino, and Fernando González. The court affirmed the sentences of Gerardo Hernandez and Rene Gonzalez. The court held that the sentencing judge had made six serious errors and remanded the case back to the same court. The decision was drawn up by William Pryor. In January 2009, the Five appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Twelve amicus curiae briefs were filed.

In May 2009, in response to the request for Supreme Court of the United States review of the panel decision by Judge Pryor, Solicitor General Elena Kagan, on behalf of President Barack Obama, filed a brief asking that the petition for a writ of certiorari be denied. On June 15, 2009, the Supreme Court denied review.

On October 13, 2009, Antonio Guerrero's sentence was reduced to 21 years and 10 months. On December 8, 2009, Ramón Labañino and Fernando González's sentences were reduced to 30 years and to 17 years and 9 months, respectively.

Plans for appeal
Cuban Five defense lawyer Leonard Weinglass died on March 23, 2011. Following his death, civil rights lawyer Martin Garbus took over the case. On June 13, 2012, Garbus held a press conference where he revealed a new strategy based upon proof that the United States government had paid numerous reporters and press outlets to create media pressure on the jurors to convict.

International criticism of the convictions, and U.S. response

Following their conviction, there was an international campaign for the case to be appealed. In the United States, the campaign was most conspicuously represented by the National Committee to Free the Cuban Five which was represented in twenty U.S. cities and over thirty countries.

On May 27, 2005, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights adopted a report by its Working Group on Arbitrary Detention stating its opinions on the facts and circumstances of the case and calling upon the U.S. government to remedy the situation. Among the report's criticisms of the trial and sentences, section 29 stated:

Amnesty International criticized the U.S. treatment of the Cuban Five as "unnecessarily punitive and contrary both to standards for the humane treatment of prisoners and to states' obligation to protect family life", as the wives of René Gonzáles and Gerardo Hernández were denied visas to visit their imprisoned husbands.

The U.S. Government has responded to these claims, stating that the prisoners have received over a hundred visits from family members granted visas. The government contends that the wives of González and Hernández are members of the Cuban Intelligence Directorate, and thus pose a risk to the national security of the United States:

Eight international Nobel Prize winners filed an amicus brief with the National Committee to Free the Cuban Five in 2009.

In the United Kingdom, among other actions, 110 Members of Parliament wrote an open letter to the U.S. Attorney General in support of the Five.

In April 2009, a Brazilian human rights group, Torture Never Again, awarded the Five its Chico Mendes Medal, alleging that their rights had been violated, declaring that "their mail is censored and their visiting rights are very restricted."

In 2011, Brazilian writer Fernando Morais wrote The Last Soldiers of the Cold War, about the Cuban Five. The book is based on over 40 interviews and documents of the governments of United States and Cuba.  Martin Garbus, the attorney representing the Cuban Five, has released a book about the case titled "North of Havana, The Untold Story of Dirty Politics, Secret Diplomacy, and the Trial of the Cuban Five".

Release
René González was put on parole for three years starting 2011. He was allowed to return to Cuba for his father's funeral on April 22, 2013, with the understanding that he would return to Florida to fulfill his three years of probation, but on May 3 a federal judge ruled that he could remain in Cuba provided that he renounce his United States citizenship.

In May 2012, it was reported that the U.S. had declined an exchange of prisoners proposed by the Cuban government, that would have seen the Cuban Five returned to Cuba in exchange for USAID contractor Alan Gross, imprisoned in Cuba for illegally distributing communications equipment. American officials did not consider Gross, whom they viewed as unjustly detained for a comparatively minor offense, equivalent to spies, one of whom had been convicted of murder.

Fernando González was released on February 27, 2014. He returned to Cuba and campaigned for the release of the remaining three.

As secret negotiations toward an exchange of prisoners proceeded, U.S. Senator Patrick J. Leahy, while on a trip to visit Gross in prison, met with Adriana Pérez O'Connor, whose husband Hernández was in prison for life. She asked him to arrange a way for her to become pregnant by her husband. Leahy made her case to U.S. officials, who arranged for Hernández to provide his sperm for artificial insemination. When Pérez became pregnant, officials negotiating the prisoner exchange worried that her pregnancy would make their dealings public before they were ready to announce a deal. Leahy reported that prison conditions for Gross improved after he had assisted Pérez and Hernández.

The prisoner exchange took place in December 2014 as part of a broader agreement to move toward the normalization of Cuba–United States relations. In addition to the three remaining Cubans who were returned to Cuba, Rolando Sarraff Trujillo, a Cuban who had worked as an agent for American intelligence until his arrest in November 1995 was returned to the United States. Sarraff was described as a key figure in Cuban intelligence, a cryptologist who provided the Central Intelligence Agency with information that helped the CIA arrest Cuban spies long after Sarraff's arrest and imprisonment. The exchange of prisoners coincided with Cuba's release of American contractor Alan Phillip Gross, jailed in Cuba since December 2009, although both governments characterized the release of Gross as unrelated to the prisoner exchange.

See also
Foreign Agents Registration Act
Ana Montes - Cuban spy sentenced to a 25-year prison term in the United States
UK undercover policing relationships scandal - other intelligence officers whose relationships with unsuspecting victims resulted in litigation

References

Further reading

 What lies across the water: the real story of the Cuban Five, by Stephen Kimber, Fernwood: 2013

External links

National Committee to Free the Cuban Five
Miami 5 — site run by the Cuban newspaper Granma
antiterroristas.cu  — on terrorism against Cuba, and on the Cuban Five
The Coddled "Terrorists" of South Florida by Tristram Korten and Kirk Nielsen, Salon Magazine, January 14, 2008
WATCH: Exclusive Interview with Freed Cuban 5 Member René González in Havana. Democracy Now! December 17, 2014.

Cuba–United States relations
Cuban communists
Cuban people imprisoned abroad
Cuban spies
Espionage scandals and incidents
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Quantified groups of defendants
Trials in the United States
1998 in Florida

Cuban Five


Johann Heller ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Johann Heller (Bildhauer), deutscher Bildhauer
 Johann Florian Heller (1813–1871), österreichischer Arzt und Chemiker
 Johann Friedrich Heller (1786–1849), deutschbaltischer Geistlicher und Autor
 Johann Heinrich Heller (1830–1906), Schweizer Musikdosenfabrikant und -händler
 Johann Jakob Heller (1807–1876), Schweizer Politiker und Arzt
 Johann Kilian Heller (1620/1633–1671/1674), deutscher Komponist und Organist

Siehe auch:
 Johannes Heller (1851–1880), deutscher Historiker
 Hans Heller

Johann Heller