The New York Shipbuilding Corporation (or New York Ship for short) was an American shipbuilding company that operated from 1899 to 1968, ultimately completing more than 500 vessels for the U.S. Navy, the United States Merchant Marine, the United States Coast Guard, and other maritime concerns. At its peak during World War II, NYSB was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world. Its best-known vessels include the destroyer , the cruiser , the aircraft carrier , the nuclear-powered cargo ship , and a quartet of cargo-passenger liners nicknamed the 4 Aces.

History
It was founded in 1899 by Henry G. Morse (1850–2 June 1903), an engineer noted in connection with bridge design and construction and senior partner of Morse Bridge Company. The original plan was to build a shipyard on Staten Island, thus the name of the company. Plans to acquire a site failed and, after exploration as far south as Virginia with special attention being paid to the Delaware River area, a location in the southern part of Camden, New Jersey, was chosen instead. Site selection specifically considered the needs of the planned application of bridge building practices of prefabrication and assembly line production of ships in covered ways. Construction of the plant began in July 1899 and was so rapid that the keel of the first ship was laid November 1900. That ship, contract number 1, was M. S. Dollar, later to be modified as an oil tanker and renamed J. M. Guffey. Two of the first contracts were for passenger ships that were among the largest then being built in the United States: #5 for  and #6 for . Morse died after securing contracts for 20 ships. He was followed as president by De Coursey May.

On November 27, 1916, a special meeting of the company's stockholders ratified sale of the "fifteen million dollar plant" to a group of companies composed of American International Corporation, International Mercantile Marine Co., W. R. Grace and Company and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company.

New York Ship's unusual covered ways produced everything from aircraft carriers, battleships, and luxury liners to barges and car floats.

During World War I, New York Ship expanded rapidly to fill orders from the U.S. Navy and the Emergency Fleet Corporation. A critical shortage of worker housing led to the construction of Yorkship Village, a planned community of 1,000 brick homes designed by Electus Darwin Litchfield and financed by the War Department. Yorkship Village is now the Fairview section of the City of Camden.

New York Ship's World War II production included all nine  light carriers (CVL), built on  light cruiser hulls; the 40,000-ton battleship ; all three of the six 30,000 ton Alaska-class cruisers that were built (, , and ), four 15,000 ton Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, and 98 LCTs (Landing Craft, Tank), many of which took part in the D-Day landings at Normandy.

After World War II, a much-diminished New York Ship subsisted on a trickle of contracts from the United States Maritime Administration and the U.S. Navy.  In 1959 the yard launched the NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear powered merchant ship.  The yard launched its last civilian vessel () in 1960, and its last naval vessel, , was ordered in 1967. The company's final completed submarine was , which had been ordered in the early 1960s, but construction was halted from 1963 to 1965 because of the loss of the . Guardfish was commissioned in December 1967.

In 1968, lacking new naval orders, NYS ceased operations. , then under construction, was towed to Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, for completion.

The yard's site is now part of the Port of Camden.

World War II Slipways

Ships built

Ships built by New York Ship include:
 Aircraft carriers
 1 of 2
 , launched 7 April 1925
 9 of 9  light carriers

 , , , , , ,

 2 of 2  light carriers
 ,
 1 of 4
 , launched 21 May 1960
 Battleships
 1 of 3

 1 of 3
 1 of 4

 Colliers
 SS Plymouth served as USS Plymouth from 1918 to 1919, as an auxiliary cargo ship, then returned to civilian service as SS Plymouth
 SS Fairmont served as USS Fairmont from 1918 to 1919, as an auxiliary cargo ship, then returned to civilian service again as the SS Fairmont. In 1922 she was renamed Nebraskan. For World War II she was renamed SS Black Point and was the last ship sunk by a U-boat on May 5, 1945.
 SS Winding Gulf
 SS Tidewater did not serve in the US Navy. Renamed SS Isaac T. Mann in 1923 and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1954.
 SS Glen White served as USS Glen White from 1918 to 1919 then returned to civilian service as SS Glen White.
 SS Sewalls Point did not serve in the US Navy.<ref>Google books: The Rudder; SS Sewalls Point](Thomas Fleming Day, Fawcett Publications, 1919, pp. 233)</ref>
 SS Franklin did not serve in the US Navy, became SS Nevadan in 1921, then SS Oakey L. Alexander in 1926. Was wrecked on the Maine coast on 3 March 1947.
 SS William N. Page
 Cruisers
 1 of 2  heavy cruisers
  launched 7 November 1931
 3 of 9  light cruisers
  launched 8 May 1937
  2 October 1937
  19 March 1938
 4 of 14  heavy cruisers
 launched 2 July 1944
 13 August 1944
 15 October 1944
 6 May 1945
 3 of 3  large cruiser
 , ,
 8 of 27  light cruisers
 4 of 8 s
 Fast combat support ship

 Oil tankers
 SS Gulfoil Gulflight launched 1914. Center of a diplomatic incident when torpedoed in World War I.
 SS Sylvan Arrow, launched 1918
 (1921) sunk by Japanese submarine I-25 in 1942
 SS Dixie Arrow  launched 1922

 Submarine
 Thresher/Permit-class fast attack submarine (nuclear)

  fast attack submarine (nuclear)
  (completed at Ingalls Shipbuilding)
 Barbel-class fast attack submarine (diesel):

 Nuclear-powered merchant ship

 Passenger/cargo ship
 SS Panhandle State: Also named: President Monroe, President Buchanan, (Iris), and Emily H. M. Weder.
 SS Munargo: Also named Arthur Murray (Army but never used), USS Munargo (Navy), USAT Thistle'', USAHS Thistle (Army hospital). [https://history.army.mil/documents/WWII/wwii_Troopships.pdf
 Other ships and boats
 —the biggest passenger-carrying riverboat (paddle steamer) ever built.

See also
New York Shipbuilding strike

Footnotes

References

 CV / CVL Class Carriers: Book; USS INDEPENDENCE CVL-22, A War Diary of the Nation's First Dedicated Night Carrier by: John G. Lambert

Bibliography

External links

New York Shipbuilding Company Historical Sites
A Tribute to a Place Called Yorkship
New York Shipbuilding, Camden NJ
A web exhibit of ship christening photos that includes twenty images of launching ceremonies at New York Shipbuilding

Shipyards of the United States
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
Companies based in Camden, New Jersey
History of Camden, New Jersey
Industrial buildings and structures in New Jersey
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New Jersey
Shipyards building World War II warships

New York Shipbuilding Corporation


In physics and engineering, a resultant force is the single force and associated torque obtained by combining a system of forces and torques acting on a rigid body via vector addition. The defining feature of a resultant force, or resultant force-torque, is that it has the same effect on the rigid body as the original system of forces. Calculating and visualizing the resultant force on a body is done through computational analysis, or (in the case of sufficiently simple systems) a free body diagram.

The point of application of the resultant force determines its associated torque. The term resultant force should be understood to refer to both the forces and torques acting on a rigid body, which is why some use the term resultant force–torque.

Illustration
The diagram illustrates simple graphical methods for finding the line of application of the resultant force of simple planar systems.
Lines of application of the actual forces  and  in the leftmost illustration intersect. After vector addition is performed "at the location of ", the net force obtained is translated so that its line of application passes through the common intersection point. With respect to that point all torques are zero, so the torque of the resultant force  is equal to the sum of the torques of the actual forces.
Illustration in the middle of the diagram shows two parallel actual forces. After vector addition "at the location of ", the net force is translated to the appropriate line of application, whereof it becomes the resultant force . The procedure is based on a decomposition of all forces into components for which the lines of application (pale dotted lines) intersect at one point (the so-called pole, arbitrarily set at the right side of the illustration). Then the arguments from the previous case are applied to the forces and their components to demonstrate the torque relationships.
The rightmost illustration shows a couple, two equal but opposite forces for which the amount of the net force is zero, but they produce the net torque    where   is the distance between their lines of application. This is "pure" torque, since there is no resultant force.

Bound vector
A force applied to a body has a point of application.  The effect of the force is different for different points of application.  For this reason a force is called a bound vector, which means that it is bound to its point of application.

Forces applied at the same point can be added together to obtain the same effect on the body.  However, forces with different points of application cannot be added together and maintain the same effect on the body.

It is a simple matter to change the point of application of a force by introducing equal and opposite forces at two different points of application that produce a pure torque on the body.  In this way, all of the forces acting on a body can be moved to the same point of application with associated torques.

A system of forces on a rigid body is combined by moving the forces to the same point of application and computing the associated torques.  The sum of these forces and torques yields the resultant force-torque.

Associated torque
If a point R is selected as the point of application of the resultant force F of a system of n forces Fi then the associated torque T is determined from the formulas

and

It is useful to note that the point of application R of the resultant force may be anywhere along the line of action of F without changing the value of the associated torque.  To see this add the vector kF to the point of application R in the calculation of the associated torque,

The right side of this equation can be separated into the original formula for T plus the additional term including kF,

because the second term is zero.  To see this notice that F is the sum of the vectors Fi which yields

thus the value of the associated torque is unchanged.

Torque-free resultant
It is useful to consider whether there is a point of application R such that the associated torque is zero.  This point is defined by the property

where F is resultant force and Fi form the system of forces.

Notice that this equation for R has a solution only if the sum of the individual torques on the right side yield a vector that is perpendicular to F.  Thus, the condition that a system of forces has a torque-free resultant can be written as

If this condition is satisfied then there is a point of application for the resultant which results in a pure force.  If this condition is not satisfied, then the system of forces includes a pure torque for every point of application.

Wrench
The forces and torques acting on a rigid body can be assembled into the pair of vectors called a wrench. If a system of forces and torques has a net resultant force F and a net resultant torque T, then the entire system can be replaced by a force F and an arbitrarily located couple that yields a torque of T. In general, if F and T are orthogonal, it is possible to derive a radial vector R such that , meaning that the single force F, acting at displacement R, can replace the system.  If the system is zero-force (torque only), it is termed a screw and is mathematically formulated as screw theory.

The resultant force and torque on a rigid body obtained from a system of forces Fi i=1,...,n, is simply the sum of the individual wrenches Wi, that is

Notice that the case of two equal but opposite forces F and -F acting at points A and B respectively, yields the resultant W=(F-F,  A×F - B× F) = (0, (A-B)×F).  This shows that wrenches of the form W=(0, T) can be interpreted as pure torques.

References

Force
Dynamics (mechanics)

Resultant force


Ali Akdemir (d. 3 Haziran 1963, Sivas) Türk işletme profesörüdür.

Çok sayıda kitap ve makalenin yazarıdır.

Kocaeli Üniversitesi'nde çalışmış, bu dönemde öğrencileri tarafından çok sevilmesine karşın, sahip olduğu idareci enerjisini kullanamadığı için üniversite değiştirme durumunda kalmıştır.

Prof. Dr. Ali Akdemir aynı zamanda 2003-2011 yılları arasında Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi'nin YBD editörlerinden biri olmuştur.

Akdemir 2003 yılında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi (ÇOMÜ) Biga İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi'nin (BİİBF) dekanı olarak atanmıştır.

Prof. Dr. Ali Akdemir 2007 yılında rektörlük seçimlerine katılmış ve 1 oy farkla birinci sırada YÖK'e gitmiş, aynı yıl Cumhurbaşkanı Necdet Sezer tarafından rektörlüğe atanmıştır. Ancak ikinci dönem (2011-2015) adaylığında yeterli oyu alamadığı için rektörlüğe yeniden atanamamıştır. Akdemir, rektörlük görevini 2007 yılından 2011 yılına kadar sadece bir dönem sürdürmüştür.

Sonrasında Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme Bölümü Yönetim ve Organizasyon Anabilim Dalı başkanı olarak görev yapmıştır.Aydınlık gazetesinde 2013-2015 yıllarında köşe yazarlığı yapmıştır.

Yarı zamanlı olarak çalıştığı İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsünde 2012-2013 Akademik yılı itibarıyla tam zamanlı olarak görev yapmaktadır.

Ali Akdemir 2012 yılında CHP'den siyasete atılmış ve Kocaeli belediye başkanlığına aday adayı olmuştur. Akdemir geçmişte de CHP ile güçlü bağları bulunduğunu belirtmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Ali Akdemir web sayfası

1963 doğumlular
Sivas doğumlu akademisyenler
Sivas doğumlu siyasetçiler
Sivas doğumlu yazarlar
Türk profesörler
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi dekanları
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi rektörleri
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan makam sahipleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
Kocaeli Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Trakya Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi

Ali Akdemir


ශ්‍රී ලංකා සිංහයා (පැන්තරා ලියෝ සිංහලේයස්) ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික යුගයේ ජීවත් වූ සිංහ උපවිශේෂයකි. මෙම සත්වයා ලංකා දූපතට ආවේණික වූ අතර මීට වසර 37000කට පමණ පෙර වඳව ගොස් ඇත.

මූලාශ්‍ර
 Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Rajith Dissanayake, Madhava Meegaskumbura. 2005. A second extinct big cat from the late Quaternary of Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No. 12: 423–434. National University of Singapore. Online pdf

සිංහයෝ

ශ්‍රී ලංකා සිංහයා


Eva Gaëlle Green (, ; born ) is a French actress. The daughter of actress Marlène Jobert, she began her career in theatre before making her film debut in Bernardo Bertolucci's The Dreamers (2003). She portrayed  Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem in Ridley Scott's historical epic Kingdom of Heaven (2005). The following year, she played Bond girl Vesper Lynd in the James Bond film Casino Royale (2006), for which she received the BAFTA Rising Star Award.

Green has since starred in numerous independent films, including Cracks (2009), Womb (2010), and Perfect Sense (2011). In 2014, she played Artemisia in the 300 sequel 300: Rise of an Empire and Ava Lord in Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez's Sin City sequel Sin City: A Dame to Kill For. Green is also known for her collaborations with director Tim Burton, starring as Angelique Bouchard in the horror comedy film Dark Shadows (2012), the titular character of the fantasy film Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016), and Colette Marchant in the fantasy film Dumbo (2019). For her role as an astronaut mother in the drama film Proxima (2019), she earned a nomination for the César Award for Best Actress.

Green starred as Morgan Pendragon in the Starz historical fantasy series Camelot (2011). She also starred as Vanessa Ives in the Showtime horror drama series Penny Dreadful (2014–2016), earning critical acclaim and a nomination for Best Actress in a Television Series – Drama at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.

Early life
Eva Gaëlle Green was born on 6 July 1980, two minutes earlier than her fraternal twin sister Joy. She is the daughter of French actress and author Marlène Jobert, and Walter Green, a Swedish dentist and occasional actor (Au Hasard Balthazar directed by Robert Bresson).

Green is of Jewish descent through her Algerian-born mother. Green has described herself as "a secular Jew who never attended synagogue as a girl" and feels "like a citizen of the world". She has described her family as "bourgeois" and has said that her sister is very different from her. Green is naturally dark blonde; she has dyed her hair brown since she was 15 years old. She is the great-granddaughter of French composer Paul Le Flem and of Swedish photographer Mia Green, the niece of actress Marika Green and the maternal first cousin of singer Elsa Lunghini and actress Joséphine Jobert. The surname "Green"  is derived from the Swedish word "gren", which means "tree branch".

Green was raised in France and attended the American University of Paris, an English-speaking institution. She also spent time between London and Ireland growing up. She was quiet in school and developed an interest in Egyptology when she visited the Louvre at age seven. At age 14, after seeing Isabelle Adjani in The Story of Adele H., Green decided to become an actress. Her mother initially feared that an acting career would be too much for her sensitive daughter, but later came to support her ambitions. Green continued her studies at Cours Eva Saint Paul in Paris and took an acting course at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London. After that, Green returned to Paris, where she performed in several plays. Green stated that when she was in drama school, she "always picked the really evil roles" because "it's a great way to deal with your everyday emotions".

Career

2001–2005

Green appeared on stage in Jalousie en Trois Fax (2001) for which she was nominated for a Molière Award. She also appeared in Turcaret (2002).

In 2002, Green had her film debut, when director Bernardo Bertolucci cast her for the role of Isabelle in The Dreamers (2003), which involved her in extensive full frontal nude scenes and rear nude scenes as well as graphic sex scenes. Green told The Guardian that her agent and her parents begged her not to take the role, concerned that the film would cause her career to "have the same destiny as Maria Schneider", because of Schneider's traumatic experience during the filming of Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris. Green said that with Bertolucci's guidance she felt comfortable during the filming of the nude and sex scenes but was embarrassed when her family saw the film. Her performance was well-received, and some compared her to Liv Tyler. Green expressed surprise when a minute was cut from the film for the American market, stating, "[T]here is so much violence, both on the streets and on the screen. They think nothing of it. Yet I think they are frightened by sex." Her next film was Arsène Lupin (2004), in which she portrayed Lupin's love interest. She enjoyed the light-hearted role, although she has stated that she generally prefers more complex characters.

Her performance in The Dreamers led Ridley Scott to cast Green in Kingdom of Heaven (2005), a film about the Crusades where she played Sibylla, Princess of Jerusalem. Green performed six screen tests and was hired only a week before principal photography began. Green found the atmosphere of coming onto a film so late tense and exciting, and she liked the film's ambiguity in approaching its subject matter. To her disappointment, much of her screen time was cut. Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com praised her performance: "She doesn't quite know what to do with her character's stilted dialogue, but she carries herself so regally that you barely notice." Nev Pierce of the BBC, however, called her character "limp". Green was satisfied when her character's complex subplot was restored in the director's cut. Total Film said the new scenes completed her performance: "In the theatrical cut, Princess Sibylla sleeps with Balian and then, more or less, loses her mind. Now we understand why. Not only does Sibylla have a young son, but when she realizes he's afflicted with leprosy just like her brother Baldwin, she decides to take his life shortly after he's been crowned king."

2006–2013
Green was considered for roles in The Constant Gardener (a role that went to Rachel Weisz) and The Black Dahlia. She was cast at the last minute for the role of Vesper Lynd in the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale. Green was approached in mid-2005 but turned it down. Principal photography was already underway, and director Martin Campbell said casting the role was difficult because "we didn't have the final script and a Bond girl always had the connotation of tits 'n' ass." Campbell saw Green's performance in the director's cut of Kingdom of Heaven, and approached Green again. She read the script, and found the character of Vesper far deeper than most Bond girls. Green's performance was well received: Entertainment Weekly called her the fourth-best Bond girl of all time; IGN named her the best femme fatale, stating, "This is the girl that broke – and therefore made – James Bond"; and she won a BAFTA and an Empire award for her performance. Both awards were voted for by the British public.

Green portrayed the witch Serafina Pekkala in the 2007 film adaptation of The Golden Compass. Green hoped the religious themes of the book would be preserved, but references to Catholicism were removed from the film. Green next appeared in Franklyn, as the tormented artist Emilia, (who Green compared to real-life figures Sophie Calle and Tracey Emin) and the mysterious Sally, who she described as, "full of life, very witty, big sense of humor". She also filmed Cracks, the directorial debut of Jordan Scott, Ridley Scott's daughter, where she plays a teacher at a girls' school named Miss G, who falls in love with one of her pupils. In March 2009, she appeared in Womb, where she plays a woman who clones her dead boyfriend. It is a collaboration between actor Matt Smith and director Benedek Fliegauf.

She was considered for the role eventually played by Cécile de France in Un Secret (2007). Additionally, she was initially approached for the female lead in Lars von Trier's controversial film Antichrist (2009). According to Trier, Green was positive about appearing in the film, but her agents refused to allow her. The unsuccessful casting attempt took two months of the film's pre-production process. Anglo-French actress Charlotte Gainsbourg was subsequently cast in the role. Green later said that she got along well with Trier, "but then we started talking about nudity and sex and so on. It got a bit too far ... It was my dream to work with him, but it's a shame it was on that film that it nearly happened. I'm sure I would have been trashed doing that film".

In 2011, Green signed with United Talent Agency in the US, remaining represented by Tavistock Wood in the UK. Green then starred in the first season of Starz's series, Camelot, as the sorceress Morgan le Fay. Green stated, "This is such an iconic story and you have 10 episodes to explore a character. It's not a girlfriend role that you could have in a movie. It's a real ballsy character. She has some guts."

2014–2018

In 2014, she played Artemisia in the 300 sequel, 300: Rise of an Empire for which she received excellent reviews. Rafer Guzman in his Newsday review stated, "The one bright spot is Eva Green as Xerxes' machinator, Artemesia, a raccoon-eyed warrior princess... Green plays a snarling, insatiable, self-hating femme fatale and completely steals the show." Stephanie Zacharek writing for The Village Voice exclaimed, "Rise of an Empire might have been essentially more of the same, but for one distinction that makes it 300 times better than its predecessor: Mere mortals of Athens, Sparta, and every city from Mumbai to Minneapolis, behold the magnificent Eva Green, and tremble!"

Between May 2014 and 2016, Green starred in the Showtime horror drama series Penny Dreadful as Vanessa Ives. Her performance earned her a nomination for Best Actress in a Television Series – Drama at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards. She also played the titular role of Ava Lord in the Sin City sequel film, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (2014).

In 2016, Green reunited with Tim Burton in Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, a film based on the 2011 novel by Ransom Riggs. Green collaborated once more with Burton in Disney's 2019 live-action adaptation of Dumbo, co-starring with Colin Farrell and Michael Keaton. In 2018, she was appointed as a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, an honorary award given by the French government.

In 2019, she starred in the French drama film Proxima directed by Alice Winocour. Green's performance in the movie was met with critical acclaim and she was eventually nominated for the César Award for Best Actress. In 2020, she starred as Lydia Wells in the BBC One miniseries The Luminaries, based on the 2013 novel by Eleanor Catton.

A Patriot film abandonment and lawsuit

In April 2018, it was announced that Green would star in the sci-fi thriller film A Patriot. In August 2020, it was reported that the actress, who was also an executive producer on the project, was suing the production company, White Lantern Film, because it had refused to pay her an £800,000 ($1.04 million) fee after the project was abandoned, and a pay-or-play contract had been agreed on. In its own suit, White Lantern claims Green derailed the film, e.g. demanding that additional expensive crew be hired. The company also claims Green owes it more than £1 million ($1.3 million) after walking away from the project. Green won the lawsuit in April 2023.

During the lawsuit WhatsApp messages between Green and friends included references to her describing potential crew members as "shitty peasants", the production as a "B-shitty-movie" and producer Jake Seal as "pure vomit". However, the Judge found: "She may have said some extremely unpleasant things about Mr Seal and his crew at Black Hangar, but this was borne from a genuine feeling of concern that any film made under Mr Seal's control would be of very low quality and would not do justice to a script that she and the former directors were passionate about."

2022–present
Green appeared in Nocebo, a thriller produced by teams from Ireland and the Philippines, released on 4 November 2022 in the US and on 9 December 2022 in the UK and Ireland. In June 2021, it was announced that Green would serve as the lead character in the British-French Apple TV+ series Liaison, co-starring Vincent Cassel. The series premiered on 24 February 2023.

Personal life
Green considers herself "nerdy". She also says, "When people first meet me, they find me very cold... I keep myself at a distance, and I think that's why I'm so drawn to acting. It allows me to wear a mask." She lives alone and, by her own account, leads a low-key life when she is not working. When asked in an interview what people would be surprised to find out about her, she responded, "I guess people would be surprised to find out that I am a bit of a homebody. I do not like clubbing or going to wild parties. After a day of shooting, I love to come home and relax by the fire with a glass of wine and a good book. Boring, huh?" Green has expressed interests in taxidermy and entomology; she collects preserved skulls and insects.

When asked about her preference to play graphic, sexually charged roles, Green described it as "paradoxical" given her self-confessed shyness. She commented humorously, "I don't really understand why I do that. I need to go through therapy!" Green also favours dark, twisted characters, as they allow her to feel liberated. She spoke about her role in Penny Dreadful as, "it's like I don't have a corset anymore when I'm playing Vanessa, you know? People will think that it's terrible to have fun in a show like that. But I do." However, she has tried to take a variety of divergent roles in order to avoid being typecast.

Green is non-religious Jewish,  though she describes herself as "very spiritual" and having complex beliefs about supernatural forces.

Green has expressed interest in returning to theatre. She says she has no plans to work in Hollywood full-time because "the problem with Hollywood is that the studios are super powerful, they have far more power than the directors... [my] ambition at this moment is just to find a good script".

In 2017, she revealed that Harvey Weinstein made an inappropriate advance during a business meeting but she pushed him off.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video game

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
French film actresses
French female models
French spiritualists
21st-century French actresses
French expatriates in England
Actresses from Paris
BAFTA Rising Star Award winners
American University of Paris alumni
Alumni of the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art
21st-century Mizrahi Jews
Jewish French actresses
Pieds-Noirs
French people of Algerian-Jewish descent
French people of Swedish descent
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Recipients of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
French twins
Fraternal twin actresses
Lycée Fénelon Sainte-Marie alumni
Jewish actresses
Secular Jews

Eva Green


Piratkørsel dækker over kørsel i køretøjer for fremmed regning, hvor især selve kørslen enten ikke er i overensstemmelse med lovgivningen, eller ikke udføres af en vognmand med den fornødne tilladelse hertil.

Piratkørsel som helhed giver en skævvridning af konkurrencevilkårene på markedet, hvor piratkørslen giver anledning til en stærkt reduceret transportpris og et oppustet falskt udbud, opnået ved ikke at følge gældende krav til tilladelser, etablering, certificering, uddannelse, skatte/afgiftsbetaling osv..
Piratkørsel kan forekomme ved bl.a. andet taxikørsel, kurerkørsel, buskørsel og lastbilkørsel.
Piratkørsel er især i tiden fra 2012 blevet kædet sammen med social dumping på markedet for  lastbiltransport.

De to arbejdsmarkedsorganisationer (3F Transportgruppen og DTL - Danske Vognmænd), der repræsenterer henholdsvis lønmodtagere og arbejdsgivere i transportbranchen, samarbejder om at få problemerne med piratkørslen på den politiske dagsorden.

I forbindelse med at 3F og DTL udgav en rapport om cabotagekørsel i august 2012, tog de to organisationer begrebet piratkørsel til sig. Tidligere anvendtes begrebet "vejpirater" fra især 3F's side.

Piratkørsel og transport på kant med reglerne har store sociale konsekvenser for de ansatte og øvrige aktører i erhvervet.
Om disse konsekvenser har COWI lavet en rapport Sideveje i dansk transport , der udkom i marts 2016.

Pirattaxi

Pirattaxi er en hverdagsbenævnelse for ikke-godkendt transportvirksomhed mod betaling. Som oftest udføres turen med privat personbil, og kører parallelt med den legale taxivirksomhed i et land. Denne ubeskattede virksomhed er kriminel i de fleste lande.

I Danmark og resten af verden er især kørselstjenesten Uber i disse år eksponent for en diskussion om piratkørsel i taxibranchen.

Københavns Politi har frem til 29. marts 2016 sigtet 37 Uber-chauffører. Seks af chaufførerne er tiltalt, og de første sager kom for retten 26. april 2016.

Det lykkedes ikke Københavns Byret at komme med en endelig afgørelse den 26. april 2016. Sagen genoptages 17. juni 2016.

Domsafsigelsen over de 6 tiltalte Uber-chauffører blev den 17 juni 2016 igen udsat. Man forventer en endelig offentliggørelse af afgørelsen 8. juli 2016.

Politiet opfordrer almenheden til også for egen skyld at afstå fra at køre med pirattaxi, eftersom mange pirattaxirejsende udsættes for røveri.

Ifølge Ordbog over det danske Sprog skulle udtrykket piratkørsel dukke op ca. i 1950 og i første omgang være kædet sammen med "hyrevognskørsel uden tilladelse". Desuden kan pirat- bruges som førsteled i et sammensat ord om en virksomhedsform der ikke agerer i overensstemmelse med lovgivningen.

Se også
 Cabotagekørsel

Referencer

Økonomisk kriminalitet
Taxier
Transport

Piratkørsel


El conejo de Angora () es una variedad de conejo doméstico que se cría por su pelo. Se piensa que es originario de Angora (hoy llamada Ankara) en Turquía, como el gato de Angora y la cabra de Angora, productora del mohair, que se caracterizan por su pelo largo y sedoso.

El conejo de Angora fue animal de compañía de la realeza francesa a mediados del siglo XVIII; al final del siglo se había extendido por el resto de Europa. En los EE. UU. los conejos de Angora aparecieron en el . Su carácter extremadamente manso lo hace un buen animal de compañía.

Su abundante pelaje es objeto de explotación económica. El escaso diámetro, 11 µm, y la longitud de los pelos son dos factores muy atractivos para la industria textil, ya que las prendas confeccionadas con este tipo de fibra pesan menos que la lana y dan mucho más abrigo. La angora forma parte de prendas de alta calidad. Por su abundante pelaje se le debe cepillar de dos a tres veces por semana.

Origen
El conejo de Angora ya lo menciona en 1755 el naturalista conde de Buffon. También Linneo lo describe en 1788. El conejo de Angora es una mutación que apreció simultáneamente en varios lugares de Europa; algo similar a lo ocurrido con la mutación del conejo Rex, de pelo extra-corto.

Francia comienza la explotación del conejo de Angora en pequeñas granjas para exportar los tejidos para prendas de abrigo, especialmente para la curación de enfermedades reumáticas. Inglaterra, país receptor de estas exportaciones, empezó a desarrollar su propia explotación de conejo de Angora.

Variedades de conejo de Angora
La Asociación Americana de Cría de Conejos (American Rabbit Breeders Association, ARBA) ha fijado cuatro variedades del conejo de Angora, cada una con sus particulares características morfológicas.
 Conejo de Angora inglés
 Conejo de Angora francés
 Conejo de Angora gigante
 Conejo de Angora satén

Características morfológicas
 El Conejo de Angora inglés: tiene un abundante pelaje en las orejas, la cabeza y las patas y al tacto es sedoso. Es la especie más pequeña de los conejos de Angora. Llegan a pesar entre 2,5 y 4 kg a la edad madura.
 El Conejo de Angora francés: tiene la cara y las orejas rodeados de pelo liso. Se parece a un conejo común. El cuerpo del conejo tiene forma oval y su peso es de entre 4 kg y 5 kg.
 El Conejo de Angora gigante: su pelaje es blanco. No se le puede cortar el cabello,ya que no muda el pelaje. Cualquier conejo con sus mismas características, pero con el pelaje de otro color, suele ser un híbrido. Es el más grande de las cuatro especies y su peso en su madurez es de aproximadamente 4,5 a 6 kg.
 El Conejo de Angora satén: que lleva ese nombre por el brillo de su pelaje. No tiene abundante pelo y éste es más corto que el de las otras especies. Su pelo es absolutamente suave y su peso es de 4 kg en su madurez.

Hábitat
Proviene de granjas de crianza en Ankara, Turquía; desde donde fue introducido en Europa y América.
Es necesario que viva fuera de una jaula en un espacio cómodo. Los conejos necesitan espacios amplios pese al mito de poder vivir en una jaula.

En Turquía han criado estos conejos con éxito, cubriendo sus jaulas con telas de malla. Los conejos de Angora no aguantan las temperaturas que superan los 30 °C ni las temperaturas que bajan de los 10 °C. Necesitan estar en un lugar con una buena ventilación, para evitar los problemas por la abundante orina de este animal.

Hábitos sexuales
Cuando un conejo de Angora corre en círculos alrededor de sus patas traseras es una señal de comportamiento sexual.
El conejo de Angora alcanza su madurez sexual entre los cuatro y los seis meses. Pueden criar en cualquier época del año. La hembra no manifiesta época de celo, lo que permite criar en cualquier época del año, la gestación dura aproximadamente un mes.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Sandford, J.C. The domestic rabbit. 5ª ed. Blackwell Science, Oxford 1996, ISBN 0-632-03894-2

Notas

Enlaces externos

Razas autóctonas de Turquía
Angora
Historia de Ankara

Conejo de Angora


El XLII Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilia se celebró en Tokio (Japón) del 11 al 18 de octubre de 1964 bajo la organización de la Federación Internacional de Halterofilia (IWF) y la Federación Japonesa de Halterofilia. Ese año las competiciones de halterofilia en los XVIII Juegos Olímpicos sirvieron también como Campeonato Mundial.

Las competiciones se realizaron en la Sala Pública de Shibuya de la capital nipona.

Medallistas

Medallero

Enlaces externos
Resultados en la pág. web Lift Up .

1964
Halterofilia en 1964

Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilia de 1964


Jellingebægeret er en kop af sølv fra vikingetiden, der blev fundet i den 18. september 1820 i gravkammeret i Nordhøjen i Jelling, Jylland. Bægeret er meget velbevaret og er det bedst kendte fund fra Jellingehøjene. Det er dateret til omkring år 950.

Beskrivelse
Jellingebægeret er 4,3 cm højt. Den består af to dele; en kop og en stilk med profil, der er støbt hver for sig og herefter samlet. Koppen er en keglestub der for oven er omkring 5 cm, og for neden 3,5 cm. Den består af næsten rent sølv og vejer 120,56 g. Indersiden af koppen er forgyldt. Ydersiden af koppen er dekoreret figurer udført med niello og forgyldning. Den særlige ornamentik på bægeret ses også på Jellingstenene og kaldes jellingstil.

Referencer

Oldsager fra Vikingetiden
Genstande i Nationalmuseet
Bægeret
Arkæologiske fund fra Danmark
Bægere

Jellingebægeret


The computer tool patch is a Unix program that updates text files according to instructions contained in a separate file, called a patch file. The patch file (also called a patch for short) is a text file that consists of a list of differences and is produced by running the related diff program with the original and updated file as arguments. Updating files with patch is often referred to as applying the patch or simply patching the files.

History
The original patch program was written by Larry Wall (who went on to create the Perl programming language) and posted to mod.sources (which later became comp.sources.unix) in May 1985.

patch was added to XPG4, which later became POSIX. Wall's code remains the basis of "patch" programs provided in OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and schilytools. The Open Software Foundation, which merged into The Open Group, is said to have maintained a derived version.

The GNU project/FSF maintains its patch, forked from the Larry Wall version. The repository is different from that of GNU diffutils, but the documentation is managed together.

Usage context
Developed by a programmer for other programmers, patch was frequently used for updating source code to a newer version. Because of this, many people came to associate patches with source code, whereas patches can in fact be applied to any text. Patched files do not accumulate any unneeded text, which is what some people perceive based on the English meaning of the word; patch is as capable of removing text as it is of adding it.

Patches described here should not be confused with binary patches, which, although can be conceptually similar, are distributed to update binary files comprising the program to a new release.

Patches in software development
The diff files that serve as input to patch are readable text files, which means that they can be easily reviewed or modified by humans before use.

In addition to the "diff" program, diffs can also be produced by other programs, such as Subversion, CVS, RCS, Mercurial and Git.

Patches have been the crucial component of many source control systems, including CVS.

Advanced diffs

When more advanced diffs are used, patches can be applied even to files that have been modified in the meantime, as long as those modifications do not interfere with the patch. This is achieved by using "context diffs" and "unified diffs" (also known as "unidiffs"), which surround each change with context, which is the text immediately before and after the changed part.  Patch can then use this context to locate the region to be patched even if it has been displaced by changes earlier in the file, using the line numbers in the diffs as a starting point.  Because of this property, context and unified diffs are the preferred form of patches for submission to many software projects.

The above features make diff and patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to open-source software. Outsiders can download the latest publicly available source code, make modifications to it, and send them, in diff form, to the development team. Using diffs, the development team has the ability to effectively review the patches before applying them, and can apply them to a newer code base than the one the outside developer had access to.

Usage examples
To create a patch, one could run the following command in a shell:
$ diff -u oldFile newFile > mods.diff  # -u tells diff to output unified diff format
To apply a patch, one could run the following command in a shell:

$ patch < mods.diff

This tells patch to apply the changes to the specified files described in mods.diff. Patches to files in subdirectories require the additional -pnumber option, where number is 1 if the base directory of the source tree is included in the diff, and 0 otherwise.

Patches can be undone, or reversed, with the '-R' option:

$ patch -R < mods.diff

In some cases when the file is not identical to the version the diff was generated against, the patch will not be able to be applied cleanly.  For example, if lines of text are inserted at the beginning, the line numbers referred to in the patch will be incorrect.  patch is able to recover from this, by looking at nearby lines to relocate the text to be patched.  It will also recover when lines of context (for context and unified diffs) are altered; this is described as fuzz.

Ports of patch
Originally written for Unix and Unix-like systems, patch has also been ported to Windows and many other platforms. Windows ports of patch are provided by GnuWin32 and UnxUtils.

A patch command is also part of ASCII's MSX-DOS2 Tools for MSX-DOS version 2.

See also
 Patch (computing)
 Quilt (software)
 rsync
 xdelta
 List of Unix commands
 IBM Mainframe utility IEBUPDTE a mainframe patch program, created about 20 years earlier (circa ~1964).

References

External links

GNU Diffutils (includes diff and patch); Documentation
GNU tools for Win32Win32 port of tools, including diff and patch

1984 software
Patch utilities
Plan 9 commands
Unix SUS2008 utilities

Patch (Unix)


උපතේදී නම අරුන්මෝසි තේවර් යන නම ලද (රාජ කේශරී වර්මන් රාජරාජ දේවර්  සහ ගෞරවාන්විතව පෙරුවුඩයියාර් ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වුනු), ජනප්‍රිය ලෙසින්  මහා රාජ රාජ ලෙසින් හැඳින්වුනු, පළමුවන රාජ රාජ චෝලන් () යනු,  පොයු 985 සහ 1014 අතර රාජ්‍යය කළ,  ඉන්දියාවේ දෙමළ  චෝල අධිරාජ්‍යයේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ අධිරාජයන්ගෙන් එක් අයෙකි. දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ කුඩා රාජධානි යටත් කරගැනීමෙන්, දකුණු දෙසින් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තරම් ඈත දක්වාද, සහ ගිනිකොණ දෙසින්  කාලිංග (ඔඩිස්සා) දක්වාද චෝල අධිරාජ්‍යය පුළුල් කරගැනීමට හේ සමත් විය.

චෝල අධිරාජ්‍යයේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨතම රජු ලෙස සැලකෙන පළමුවන රාජරාජ චෝළ, ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 985 සහ 1014 අතර පාලනය කළේය. ඔහු දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ සහ චෝල අධිරාජ්‍යයේ රාජධානි යටත් කර ගනිමින් චෝල රාජධානිය අධිරාජ්‍යයක් බවට වර්ධනය වීමට අඩිතාලම දැමීය. ඔහු පරිපාලන ක්‍රමය විධිමත් කර තන්ජාවුර්හි බ්‍රහදීස්වර විහාරය ඉදි කළේය. ඔහුගේ පුත් Iවන රාජේන්ද්‍ර චෝළ අධිරාජ්‍යය මුහුදෙන් එපිටට ගෙන ගියේය. ඔහු මුලදී ඒකාබද්ධ පාණ්ඩ්‍ය සහ චේර හමුදාවන්ට එරෙහිව උද්ඝෝෂනය කළ නමුත් ඔහුගේ රාජ්‍යයේ අටවන වසර දක්වා කිසිදු හමුදා මෙහෙයුමක් පැවති බවට කිසිදු සාක්ෂියක් නොමැත.

ඔහු ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 993 දී ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ආක්‍රමණය කළේ සිංහලයන්ගේ රජු වූ V මහින්දව තුරන් කිරීම සඳහා ය. ඔහු ගංගාපාඩි, නොලම්බපාඩි සහ තඩිගයිපාඩි යටත් කර ගනිමින් උතුරේ සහ වයඹ දෙසින් තම ජයග්‍රහණ ව්‍යාප්ත කළේය. C. 996 C.E හි බටහිර චාලුක්‍ය යුද්ධ

සත්‍යශ්‍රය චාලුක්‍ය රජු බවට පත් වීමත්, රාජරාජ බටහිර චාලුක්‍යවරුන්ට එරෙහිව චෝල හමුදාවන් මෙහෙයවීමත් දුටුවේය. නැගෙනහිර චාල් රාජේන්ද්‍ර චෝළ යනු නැගෙනහිර චාලුක්‍ය රාජවංශයේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ පාලකයෙකි. ඔහු ආක්‍රමණය කර ආන්ද්‍ර රජු බිමා පරාජය කළ අතර, චෝල නාවික හමුදාව ද ලංකා ආක්‍රමණයේ දී ප්‍රධාන කාර්යභාරයක් ඉටු කළේය. තන්ජාවුර් විහාරය රාජරාජගේ මහා පාලන සමය සිහිපත් කරන අතර එය ලෝක උරුම අඩවියක් ලෙස නම් කර ඇත. ඔහු රටේ සෙසු ප්‍රදේශ සමඟ සමීප ව්‍යාපාරික සබඳතා පැවැත්වූ අතර ශක්තිමත් මධ්‍යගත ව්‍යුහයක් නිර්මාණය කර පළාත් පාලන ආයතන පත් කිරීමෙන් පරිපාලන සංවිධානය පරිපූර්ණ කළේය.

ඔහු බලවත් ස්ථාවර හමුදාවක් සහ නාවික හමුදාවක් ද නිර්මාණය කළ අතර එය තමා යටතේ වඩා රාජේන්ද්‍ර යටතේ විශාල සාර්ථකත්වයක් අත්කර ගත්තේය. තිරුචිරපල්ලි ප්‍රදේශයේ පලුවෙත්තරායාර්වරු චෝලයන් සමඟ සමීපව ඇසුරු කළ අතර මදුරන්තකන් ගන්දරදිත්‍යයන් දේවාල කටයුතු දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ වැදගත් නිලධාරියෙකු ලෙස රාජරාජගේ රාජ සභාවේ සේවය කළේය. මෙම නවෝත්පාදනය තම සෙල්ලිපිවලට හඳුන්වා දුන් දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ පළමු රජු රාජරාජය. ඔහුගේ අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයින් ඔහුගේ ආදර්ශය අනුගමනය කළ අතර ඔවුන්ගේ ජයග්‍රහණ පිළිබඳ සම්පූර්ණ වාර්තා අඩු වැඩි වශයෙන් අපට ඉතිරි කර ඇත. ඔහු තම ජයග්‍රහණ වාර්තා කිරීමට සහ ඔහුගේ පූර්වගාමීන්ගේ වාර්තා සුරැකීමට සූක්ෂම වූ බුද්ධිමය රජෙකු විය.

ඔහු විෂ්ණු දෙවියන් වෙනුවෙන් විහාරස්ථාන කිහිපයක් තිබූ අතර ශ්‍රීවිජය රජු වන ශ්‍රී මාරවිජයතුංගවර්මන්ගේ ඉල්ලීම පරිදි බෞද්ධ චූඩාමණී විහාරය ඉදිකිරීමට අනුබල දුන්නේය. ඔහුට වනවන්මහාදේවි, ලෝකමහාදේවි, චෝලමහාදේවි, ට්‍රයිලෝක්‍යමහාදේවි, පංචවන්මහාදේවි, අභිමානවල්ලි, ඉලදමාදේවියර් (ලතාමහාදේවි) සහ ප්‍රීතිවිමහාදේවි ඇතුළු භාර්යාවන් ගණනාවක් සිටියා. ඔහු 1014 දී මිය ගිය අතර, රාජේන්ද්‍ර චෝළ I. රාජරාජ චෝලන්, අරුල්මෝෂිවර්මන්, කල්කි ක්‍රිෂ්ණමූර්තිගේ පොන්නයින් සෙල්වන්, බාලකුමාරන්ගේ අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා විය.

සටහන්

පළමුවන රාජ රාජ චෝල රජ


Dragon's blood is a bright red resin which is obtained from different species of a number of distinct plant genera: Calamus spp. (previously Daemonorops) also including Calamus rotang, Croton, Dracaena and Pterocarpus. The red resin has been in continuous use since ancient times as varnish, medicine, incense, pigment, and dye.

Name and source

A great  degree of confusion existed for the ancients in regard to the source and identity of dragon's blood. Some medieval encyclopedias claimed its source as the literal blood of elephants and dragons who had perished in mortal combat. The resin of Dracaena species, "true" dragon's blood, and the very poisonous mineral cinnabar (mercury sulfide) were often confused by the ancient Romans. In ancient China, little or no distinction was made among the types of dragon's blood from the different species. Both Dracaena and Calamus resins are still often marketed today as dragon's blood, with little or no distinction being made between the plant sources; however, the resin obtained from Calamus has become the most commonly sold type in modern times, often in the form of large balls of resin. Resins that come from different species and different continents have been given the name "dragon's blood," but their purity, appearance, and chemical properties are highly varied.

Voyagers to the Canary Islands in the 15th century obtained dragon's blood as dried garnet-red drops from Dracaena draco, a tree native to the Canary Islands and Morocco. The resin is exuded from its wounded trunk or branches. Dragon's blood is also obtained by the same method from the closely related Dracaena cinnabari, which is endemic to the island of Socotra. This resin was traded to ancient Europe via the Incense Road.

Dragon's blood resin is also produced from the rattan palms of the genus Calamus of the Indonesian islands and known there as jernang or djernang. It is gathered by breaking off the layer of red resin encasing the unripe fruit of the rattan. The collected resin is then rolled into solid balls before being sold.

The red latex of the Sangre de Drago (called Sangre de Grado in Peru), from any of seven species of Croton native to Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Brazil, has purported wound-healing and antioxidant properties, and has been used for centuries by native people. The species are:
 Croton draconoides , (wikispecies)
 Croton palanostigma , (wikispecies)
 Croton perpecosus , (wikispecies)
 Croton rimbachii , (wikispecies)
 Croton sampatik , (wikispecies)
 Croton erythrochilus , (wikispecies)
 Croton lechleri , (wikispecies)

Visual characteristics
In his study of artists' pigments, the chemist George Field described dragon's blood as "a warm semi-transparent, rather dull, red colour, which is deepened by impure air, and darkened by light."

History and uses

The dragon's blood known to the ancient Romans was mostly collected from D. cinnabari, and is mentioned in the 1st century Periplus Maris Erythraei (xxx.10.17) as one of the products of Socotra. Socotra had been an important trading centre since at least the time of the Ptolemies. Dragon's blood was used as a dye, painting pigment, and medicine (respiratory and gastrointestinal problems) in the Mediterranean basin, and was held by early Greeks, Romans, and Arabs to have medicinal properties. Dioscorides and other early Greek writers described its medicinal uses.

A notable occurrence of dragon's blood red in art is in Giotto's Pentecost. In this painting, it is believed that the pigment used in the orange-red flames over the Apostles' heads is dragon's blood.

Locals on Socotra island use the Dracaena resin as a sort of cure-all, using it for such things as general wound healing, a coagulant (though this is ill-advised with commercial products, as the Calamus species acts as an anti-coagulant and it is usually unknown what species the dragon's blood came from), curing diarrhea, lowering fevers, dysentery diseases, taken internally for ulcers in the mouth, throat, intestines and stomach, as well as an antiviral for respiratory viruses, stomach viruses and for skin disorders such as eczema. It was also used in medieval ritual magic and alchemy.

Dragon's blood of both Dracaena draco (commonly referred to as the Draconis Palm) and Dracaena cinnabari were used as a source of varnish for 18th century Italian violinmakers. There was also an 18th-century recipe for toothpaste that contained dragon's blood.

Dragon's blood from both Calamus were used for ceremonies in India. Sometimes Dracaena resin, but more often Calamus resin, was used in China as red varnish for wooden furniture. It was also used to colour the surface of writing paper for banners and posters, used especially for weddings and for Chinese New Year.

In American Hoodoo, African-American folk magic, and New Orleans voodoo, it is used in mojo hands for money-drawing or love-drawing, and is used as incense to cleanse a space of negative entities or influences. It is also added to red ink to make "Dragon's Blood Ink", which is used to inscribe magical seals and talismans.

In folk medicine, dragon's blood is used externally as a wash to promote healing of wounds and to stop bleeding. It is used internally for chest pains, post-partum bleeding, internal traumas and menstrual irregularities.

Dragon's blood incense is also occasionally sold as "red rock opium" to unsuspecting would-be drug buyers. It actually contains no opiates, and has only slight psychoactive effects, if any at all.

Thaspine from the Dragon's Blood of the species Croton lechleri has possible use as a cancer drug.

Today, dragon's blood from a South American plant can be bought in health food stores.

According to Pliny the Elder, dragon's blood was used by artists in antiquity. Painters continued to use it in the creation of flesh tones during the 17th century. By the 19th century, publications on artists' materials indicate that it was most useful as a varnish, not as pigment for painting. In 1835, George Field stated that dragon's blood is "unsatisfactory for painting." However, the pigment was used to prepare the color known as "Chinese orange."

Today, dragon's blood has a variety of uses. Outside of it being a pigment in paintings and colors, it is still used as a varnish for violins, in photoengraving, as a medicine, as an incense resin, and as a body oil.

Safety
A study on oral toxicity of the DC resin methanol extract taken from the perennial tree Dracaena cinnabari was performed on female Sprague Dawley rats in February 2018. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests found that the extract could be tolerated up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight.

See also
 Crofelemer, South American tree  (Croton lechleri), unrelated to Dracaena and rattan palm (the generus Calamus)

List of botanical sources
 Calamus rotang L.
 Calamus draco Willd. (synonyms include Daemonorops draco, D. rubra)
 Calamus didymophyllus Becc. Ridl. (synonyms include Daemonorops motleyi, D. didymophylla)
 Croton draconoides Müll. Arg.
 Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham.
 Croton lechleri Müll. Arg.
 Croton erythrochilus Müll. Arg.
 Croton palanostigma Klotzsch
 Croton perspeciosus Croizat
 Croton rimbachii Croizat
 Croton sampatik Müll. Arg.
 Croton urucurana Baill.
 Croton xalapensis Kunth
 Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.
 Dracaena cochinchinensis hort. ex Baker
 Dracaena draco (L.) L.
 Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq.

Footnotes

References
 Casson, L. 1989. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Princeton University Press. Especially, pp. 69, 168-170. .
 Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West. A draft annotated translation from the 3rd century Weilüe. Note 12.12 (13).

 Meza, E. N. (Editor). 1999. Desarrollando nuestra diversidad biocultural: Sangre de Grado y el reto de su producción sustentable en el Perú. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fondo Editorial. Google Book
 Schafer, E. H. 1963. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of T'ang Exotics. University of California Press. First paperback edition, 1985., p. 211. ISBN
 Schoff, Wilfred H. 1912. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Longmans, Green, and Co., New York, Second Edition. Reprint: New Delhi, Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1974. (A new hardback edition is available from Coronet Books Inc. Also reprinted by South Asia Books, 1995,  )

Incense material
Biological pigments
Organic pigments
Resins
Magic substances
Traditional medicine

Dragon's blood


Los antrodiétidos (Antrodiaetidae) son una familia de arañas migalomorfas, concretamente una de las dos familias de la superfamilia de los atipoideidos, razón por la cual presentan características similares a los atípidos.

Géneros
Es una familia pequeña que consta de 2 géneros:
Según The World Spider Catalog 11.5:
 Aliatypus Smith, 1908
 Antrodiaetus Ausserer, 1871
 †Cretacattyma Eskov & Zonstein, 1990

Distribución
Su distribución se reduce, salvo excepciones al territorio estadounidense, en tres zonas:
 al oeste (California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregón, Washington, Idaho)
 al medio oeste (Misuri, Kansas, Arkansas, Illinois)
 al este (fundamentalmente en las Montañas Apalaches).

Dos especies, Antrodiaetus roretzi y Antrodiaetus yesoensis, son endémicas de Japón. Se consideran especies reliquia a causa de fenómenos de vicariancia, es decir, que la población quedó dividida por la aparición de una barrera determinada o por la extinción de poblaciones intermedias, impidiendo así el flujo génico y favoreciendo la especiación.

Véase también
 Anexo:Especies de Antrodiaetidae
 Taxonomía de las arañas

Referencias

 Hendrixson, B. E. & Bond, J.E. (2005). Two sympatric species of Antrodiaetus from southwestern North Carolina (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae). Zootaxa 872:1-19. A. unicolor, A. microunicolor (PDF)

Enlaces externos

 Fotos de antrodiétidos (en inglés)

Familias de arácnidos

Antrodiaetidae


Biblijska teologija teološka je disciplina koja proučava i daje zaokruženi pregled biblijskog nauka sadržanog u knjigama Starog i Novog zavjeta. Sustavno i precizno analizira ustroj, sadržaj i poruku biblijskih tekstova, njihov nastanak i utjecaj na slušatelje. Za razliku od dogmatske (sustavne) teologije koja nauk proučava kroz tematske cjeline, biblijska teologija ga proučava u njegovu povijesnom tijeku i nastoji dati bolji uvid u međusobnu povezanost pojedinih velikih teoloških tema. Koristi se rezultatima egzegeze i drugih teoloških disciplina.

Bibliografija
Važniji naslovi na hrvatskom jeziku:

 Raymond Brown i dr., Biblijska teologija Staroga i Novoga zavjeta, Zagreb, 1980.
 Celestin Tomić, Poruka spasenja Svetoga pisma Staroga zavjeta, Zagreb, 1983.
 Adalbert Rebić, Središnje teme Starog zavjeta, Zagreb, 1996
 Felix Porsch, Mnogo glasova jedna vjera, Zagreb, 1988.
 Joachim Gnilka, Teologija Novoga zavjeta, Zagreb, 1999.
 Božo Lujić, Drugi – mogućnost ljubavi, Zagreb, 2003.
 Ivan Dugandžić, Biblijska teologija Novoga zavjeta, 2004.
 Anto Popović, Biblijske teme, Zagreb, 2004.
 Ivan Šporčić, Božja poruka za naše vrijeme, Zagreb, 2005.

Izvori
 Biblijska teologija Staroga zavjeta, www.kbf.unizg.hr, pristupljeno 13. kolovoza 2021.
 Biblijska teologija Novoga zavjeta, www.kbf.unizg.hr, pristupljeno 13. kolovoza 2021.

Biblija
Kršćanska teologija
Kršćanska terminologija

Biblijska teologija


STS-93 (Space Transportation System-93) var rumfærgen Columbias 26. rumfærgemission og den 95. gang en rumfærge blev opsendt. Det var den 21. gang en rumfærge blev opsendt om natten. Kaptajn under missionen var Eileen Collins, der derved blev den første kvindelige kaptajn på en rumfærge. Opsendelsen var planlagt til den 20. juli 1999, men problemer under nedtællingen udskød opsendelsen til tre dage senere den 23. juli 1999.

Ved opsendelsen den 23. juli 1999 indtraf en række alvorlige tekniske svigt og fejl, der kunne have medført en katastrofe. Columbia kom dog i kredsløb uden skade på besætning eller last.

Det primære formål med opsendelsen var at bringe rumobservatoriet Chandra X-ray Observatory i kredsløb, hvilket lykkedes.

Columbia landede igen den 28. Juli 1999 ved Kennedy Space Center. Det var den tolvte natlige landing i rumfærgeprogrammets historie. Fem af de natlige landinger havde fundet sted på Edwards Air Force Base i Californien, de øvrige på KSC.

Mandskab

Problemer ved opsendelsen

STS-93 skulle oprindeligt have været opsendt den 20. juli 1999, men under nedtællingen blev opsendelsen afbrudt blot 7 sekunder inden start af operatøren, der overvågede koncentrationen af hydrogen. Afbrydelsen skyldtes, at et instrument fejlagtigt viste unormalt høje koncentrationer af hydrogen i de sidste sekunder af nedtællingen.

En ny opsendelse blev herefter planlagt til tre dage senere den 23. juli.

Ved opsendelsen den 23. juli rev en mindre metalgenstand sig løs fra Columbias hovedmotor ved start af motorerne. Metalstumpen blev udstødt gennem motorens dysse, hvor metallet ramte dyssens overflade og rev hul på tre mindre kølerør med flydende hydrogen. Denne utilsigtede hændelse og maskinens automatiske reaktion på det konstaterede læk af hydrogen blev ikke registreret som en del af kriterierne for opsendelse og nedtællingen fortsatte uanfægtet. Motor og løfteraketter startede herefter og opsendelsen blev påbegyndt.

Ca. fem sekunder efter lift-off blev den centrale motors primære digitale styringsenhed (DCU-A). og den højre motors digitale back-up styringsenhed (DCU-B) lukket ned på grund af en kortslutning. De to motorer fortsatte dog i drift med de øvrige styringsenheder, indtil kredsløb blev nået. De ekstra styringsenheder i hver motors kontrolenhed reddede missionen fra en potentiel katastrofe, da en standsning af to af rumfærgens tre motorer så tidligt under opsendelsen ville have resulteret i en meget risikabel afbrydelse af missionen uden nogen sikkerhed for succes. Kortslutningen skyldtes dårlig udført kabling, der havde vredet sig mod et skruehoved. Problemet med kablingen førte til, at der efterfølgende blev gennemført et check på alle rumfærgerne.

På grund af lækken i hydrogen-røret i højre motor, konstaterede motorens sensor formindsket kraft, da hydrogenen ikke blev brændt af i motoren. For at kompensere for den manglende kraft, forhøjede kontrolsystemet mængden af oxygen i forbrændingen. Den manglende hydrogen og den forhøjede mængde oxygen resulterede i, at højre motors forbrænding skete med et forhold mellem oxygen/hydrogen på 8:1 frem for det normale 6,03:1. Dette resulterede i, at motoren brændte mere oxygen af, hvorfor alle tre motorer standsede tidligere end planlagt ved slutningen af opstigningen. Det uventede standsning af motorerne betød, at Columbias hastighed ved lukningen af motorerne var 4,6 m/s langsommere end planlagt. Columbia nåede dog sit planlagte kredsløb og gennemførte missionen som planlagt. Den utilsigtede hændelse medførte ændringer i procedurerne for vedligeholdelse af rumfærgerne.

Missionens formål

Det primære formål med STS-93 missionen var opsendelsen af rumobservatoriet Chandra X-ray Observatory (oprindelig kaldet Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility) samt Chandras raketsystem, der skulle bringe Chandra ud i et fjernere kredsløb. Ved opsendelsen var Chandra det mest avancerede røntgenobservatorium, der nogensinde var bygget. Det var designet til at observere røntgenstråling fra høj-energi områder i Universet, såsom supernovarester.

Udover rumobservatoriet Chandra medbragte STS-93 en række instrumenter til gennemførelse af forskellige eksperimenter. De udførte eksperimenter var: Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local Exhaust (SIMPLEX), Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System (SWUIS), eksperimentet Gelation of Sols: Applied Microgravity Research (GOSAMR), Space Tissue Loss – B (STL-B) eksperimentet, Light mass Flexible Solar Array Hinge (LFSAH) eksperiment, Cell Culture Module (CCM), Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment – II (SAREX – II), EarthKAM, Plant Growth Investigations in Microgravity (PGIM), Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), Micro-Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS), og eksperimentet Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC).

Noter

Eksterne links

 NASA PAO side om STS-93
 STS-93 Missionens operative leder om opsendelsen
 Lydfil fra opsendelsen
 STS-93 Arkiver på NASA.gov
 STS-93 Video Highlights

Rumfærgeprogrammet
Rumobservatorier

STS-93


LGBT-ovski žargonski izrazi lezbijka do diplome (lesbian until graduation, LUG), homoseksualac do diplome (gay until graduation, GUG) i biseksualci do diplome (bisexual until graduation, BUG) koriste se za opisivanje žena prvenstveno srednjoškolske ili fakultetske dobi za koje se pretpostavlja da eksperimentiraju ili usvajaju privremeni lezbijski ili biseksualni identitet. Izraz sugerira da će žena na koju se primjenjuje u konačnici usvojiti strogo heteroseksualni identitet.

Upotreba
U članku iz 1999. u časopisu Seattle Weekly, A. Davis povezala je svoje eksperimentiranje s istospolnim vezama i kako je kao rezultat toga doživjela neprijateljstvo lezbijskih prijatelja koji su vršili pritisak na nju da se identificira kao biseksualna, uključujući jednog prijatelja koji ju je na to nagovarao tako i kao politička izjava, unatoč činjenici da se Davis identificira kao heteroseksualac koji je samo kratko eksperimentirao sa ženama. Davis je tvrdio da su žene koje su imale istospolne veze više prilagođene LGBT problemima i vjerojatnije da će se suprotstaviti diskriminaciji. Također je tvrdila da ako isti stavovi  primijenjeni na muškarce koji su eksperimentirali s homoseksualnošću, to bi promoviralo veće prihvaćanje LGBT zajednice.

Poveznice

 Bifobija
 Klasa S (žanr)
 Brak mješovite orijentacije

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Sohn, Amy (February 10, 2003). "Bi For Now". New York Magazine.
 Lewin, Tamar (March 17, 2011). "Study Undercuts View of College as a Place of Same-Sex Experimentation". The New York Times.
 Lewin, Tamar (September 16, 2005). "Nationwide Survey Includes Data on Teenage Sex Habits". The New York Times.
 "More women experimenting with bisexuality" . MSNBC/Associated Press.
 Clark, Jessica (May 30, 2007). "Bisexual healing". Metro Times. Detroit, Michigan.
 "The Vagina Dialogues" . Phoenix New Times.
 Baumgardner, Jennifer (October 9, 2007). "Lesbian After Marriage". The Advocate.
 Donaldson James, Susan (August 16, 2007). "Young Women Defy Labels in Intimacy With Both Sexes". ABC News.

LGBT

Lezbijka do mature


تجمع المستقبل الوطني هو كيان سياسي وليد يضع مستقبل العراق في أولى أولوياته, ويؤمن بسياسة الانفتاح والتعايش، يهدف إلى ضمان وحدة العراق أرضاً وشعباً، وعروبة العراق، وصيانة ثرواته، وبناء دولة القانون، وترسيخ حقوق المواطنة، واعتماد الديمقراطية وسيلة وحيدة لتداول السلطة.

يرأسه الدكتور ظافر العاني

أحزاب العراق

تجمع المستقبل الوطني


بلدية جورجا , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة اليكانتي. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 250 نسمة.

مراجع

بلديات لقنت
بلدات في إسبانيا

جورجا (إسبانيا)


An Syngonanthus manikaensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kimp.. An Syngonanthus manikaensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Syngonanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Zaire. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Syngonanthus

Syngonanthus manikaensis


Schloss Gerzen ist ein in Gerzen im niederbayerischen Landkreis Landshut gelegenes Schloss. Es bildet den östlichen Abschluss der Rechteckanlage des Marktplatzes von Gerzen. Die Anlage wird als denkmalgeschütztes Baudenkmal unter der Aktennummer D-2-74-135-1 geführt. Ebenso wird sie als Bodendenkmal unter der Aktennummer D-2-7440-0209 mit der Beschreibung "untertägige mittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Befunde im Bereich des ehem. Hofmarkschlosses in Gerzen, darunter die Spuren von Vorgängerbauten bzw. älterer Bauphasen sowie Gartenanlagen" genannt.

Geschichte
Gerzen (887 erstmals als "Jorcin" erwähnt) ist einer der ältesten Orte im Vilstal. Der Ort gehörte zum Herzogtum Bayern und bildete seit 1597 eine geschlossene Hofmark der Freiherren von Vieregg, deren Sitz Schloss Gerzen war. Die Renaissance-Anlage des Schlosses stammt von 1562, die barocke Schlosskapelle von 1695. 1833 erwarb der frühere bayerische Staatsminister Maximilian Graf von Montgelas das Schloss. Der Schlosspark mit Umfriedung wurde 1903 angelegt.

1618 erhielt das Schloss die Erlaubnis zum Bierbrauen. Im Zuge der Besetzung durch die Schweden im Dreißigjährigen Krieg wurde es geplündert. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg hatte das Münchner Stadtmuseum wertvolle Exponate zum Schutz vor den Bombenangriffen auf München hierher ausgelagert. Die Familie Montgelas bewohnte das Schloss bis zum Jahr 2009, bevor sie es verkaufte. Anfang 2012 eröffnete die Schloss-Wirtschaft Gerzen mit Hotel nach aufwendigen Renovierungsarbeiten, wofür es den Bayerischen Denkmalpflegepreis 2014 erhielt.

Baubeschreibung
Das Schloss ist eine zweigeschossige und giebelständige Renaissance-Anlage mit steilem Satteldach, Fassadengliederung mit Fensterumrahmungen und Gesimsen aus den Jahren 1560/62. Die Schlosskapelle im arkadierten Anbau mit zwiebelbekröntem Eckturm wurde um 1695 errichtet.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio (Begr.): Bayern. Band 2: Niederbayern (= Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler). 2. Auflage. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03122-7 (EA München 1964).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Schlosswirtschaft Gerzen

Schloss im Landkreis Landshut
Schloss
Erbaut in den 1560er Jahren
Renaissancebauwerk in Bayern
Montgelas (Adelsgeschlecht)

Schloss Gerzen


Sipeed est une entreprise concevant des systèmes informatique autour d'architectures libres et basée à Shenzhen, en Chine.
Elle produit principalement des cartes IoT, mais également, quelques SBC et cartes de développement se basant sur des SoC d'architecture RISC-V.

Les schémas électroniques des cartes proposées par la société sont en accès libre. Les cartes sont généralement fabriquées par Seeed Studio, une société de fabrication et assemblage de Circuit imprimé (PCB), également basé à Shenzhen.

Cartes basées sur un microcontrôleur RISC-V
Le Longan Nano sorti en août 2019, utilise un SoC GD32Vf103 dont le processeur est cadencé 108 MHz de GigaDevice. Celui-ci est basé sur le cœur RISC-V open-source Humming E203 (ou Bumblebee core) de Nuclei, la carte peut se programmer par USB, comporte un lecteur de carte microSD et un écran et un boîtier en option. Elle permet de faire fonctionner RT-Thread, LiteOS, et d'être programmée avec Arduino, PlatformIO, GCC ou OpenOCD. Il permet alors d'abaisser le coût d'acquisition d'une carte de développement RISC-V. Cette carte peut être programmée en langage assembleur, en l'utilisant bare metal à l'aide de l'assembleur en python, Bronzebeard ou bien en langage Rust.

Série Maix

La série Maix est centrée autour du module Sipeed M1 de 72 broches. Celui-ci, tourne autour d'un SoC Kendryte K210, comportant 2 cœurs RISC-V 64 bits RV64GC, pouvant être cadencé de 400 à 600 MHz, et d'un module AI. 8 Mo de SRAM sont disponibles, dont 6 généraux et 2 réservés à la puce d'AI et une ROM  pour charger le programme utilisateur en SPI depuis la flash. Le module comporte également un processeur audio, et des accélérateurs FFT, AES et SHA256.

Ces cartes sont accompagnées d'un SoC ESP32 permettant notamment les communications sans fil.

La carte peut être programmée à l'aide de  PlateformIO, pour le SDK Arduino, ou le SDK de Kendryte sur FreeRTOS ou en bare metal (Standalone).

Il est également possible de développer en MicroPython sur cette plateforme, en s'aidant par exemple de l'IDE uPyCraft, et d'utiliser les outils de reconnaissance faciale du SDK Kendryte.

Ce SoC est également utilisé dans le Seeed Studio Grove AI HAT, mais est plus efficace comme microcontrôleur autonome et programmable avec l'environnement de développement Arduino.

La carte MaixDuino, a un format compatible avec les cartes Arduino, permettant de réutiliser ses cartes filles (shield).

La carte Sipeed Maix-II se présente sous la forme d'un système sur module (SOM).

Debug et JTAG

Le RV-Debugger est un débogueur JTAG et UART, basé sur le SoC d'architecture RISC-V, Bouffalo Lab BL702.

Cartes basées sur un microprocesseur RISC-V

AllWinner D1

La carte Nezha est une carte utilisant un SoC Allwinner D1 basé sur des processeurs 64 bits open source, Open XuanTie d'architecture RISC-V. Les sources du processeur, en Verilog, sont disponibles sur Github. Le nom de cette carte fait référence à Nezha, un enfant de la mythologie chinoise. En novembre 2021, lance LicheeRV, une carte de type system on module (SOM) utilisant 2 connecteurs M.2 B-key, avec écran intégré, embarquant ce SoC. Ce SOM comporte 512 Mo de RAM DDR3 et lecteur de carte microSD et également un port USB OTG.

Lichee Pi 4A

La carte Lichee Pi 4A, est la première de la marque à comporter un SoC comportant un GPU 3D. Il s'agît d'un SoC T-Head TH1520, comportant 4 cœurs RV64GC Xuantie C910, épaulé par un cœur RV64 C906 pour le DSP, et un microcontroleur RV32 E902, dans le système AON, ainsi que d'un NPU à 1GHz, fournissant 4 TOPS @ INT8 et supportant Tensorflow, ONNX et Caffe. La carte est, à sa sortie, livrée avec Debian et est compatible Android.

Carte mixte microprocesseur et microcontrôleur

La carte M0s utilise un Bouffalo BL616, ajoutant le support des réseaux sans fil Wi-Fi 6, BT BLE, Zigbee, Thread et Matter.

Au même moment Sipeed sort la carte M1s Dock, qui utilise un SoC un Bouffalo BL808 plus performant, comportant deux microcontrôleurs RISC-V 32 bits , un  T-Head E902 à 160 Mhz et un T-Head E907 à 320 Mhz compatible RTOS, ainsi qu'un microprocesseur RISC-V 64 bits T-Head C906 à 480 Mhz compatible avec le noyau Linux et une unité de réseau neuronal. Il supporte également les réseaux sans fil WiFi 4, Bluetooth 5 et Zigbee. Au niveau de la mémoire, il comporte 768 Ko de SRAM + 64 Mo UHS PSRAM et 16 Mo de stockage flash et un lecteur de carte micro SD, il comporte 2 port USB-C pour communiquer dont l'un permet 2 connexions séries, tous les deux open sources. Un SoC Bouffalo BL702 utilisant également un core RISC-V RV32 permet de faire notamment les communications USB-série et comporte sa propre mémoire programmable.

FPGA
La carte Lichee Tang utilise un FPGA AnLogic EG4S20.

Tang Nano, utilise un SoC FPGA Gowin GW1N-1-LV, comportant 1152 cellules logiques et le Tang Nano 4K, un GW1NSR-LV4C avec 4608 cellules logiques, comportant un contrôleur ARM Cortex-M3, et ajoutant un SoC Bouffalo Lab BL702 d'architecture RISC-V pour les communications USB vers série et JTAG. Les bitstream des cartes se font via l'outil de Gowin, et peuvent être transférées sur la carte à l'aide d'OpenFPGALoader. Le projet Apicula (ou Apycula), au sein du projet Yosys, vise à créer, par ingénierie inverse, des outils ouverts pour la génération du bitstream des FPGA de Gowin. Apicula supporte les séries gw1n1, gw1n9, gw1n4, gw1ns2 et gw1ns4. Le Gw1nSR-4C depuis le 15 décembre 2021.

Il existe également une version nano 9K avec environ 9 000 LUT et Nano20K avec environ 20 000 LUT. Une seconde version du Nano 20K devrait utiliser le SoC plus avancé, Bouffalo BL616, qui se base également sur du RISC-V 32 bits, mais supportant également de base les réseaux sans-fil, Wi-Fi6, BT LTE et Zigbee.

Notes et références

Entreprise ayant son siège à Shenzhen
Internet des objets
RISC-V

Sipeed


Championnat de France de Handball (eller Division 1 Féminine), er den øverste håndboldrække i fransk håndbold hos kvinder. Ligaen består af 14 hold, der således spiller et grundspil på 26 kampe.

Siden sæsonen 2019/20 har den kørt under sponsornavnet Ligue Butagaz Énergie.

Hold i sæsonen 2023-24

Hold i sæsonen 2022-23

List over mestre

Noter

Håndbold i Frankrig
Sport i Frankrig
Håndboldligaer

LFH Division 1 Féminine


فيرناندو مينديش سواريش غوميش ، من مواليد 22 نوفمبر 1956 في بورتو في البرتغال، لاعب كرة قدم برتغالي سابق.

حاز على جائزة الحذاء الذهبي الأوروبي في عام 1983 و1985.

لعب مع منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم 48 مباراة وسجل 13 هدف.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب فيرناندو غوميش خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 3 أندية في سبعة عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 331 هدف ضمن 432 مباراة. حيث فاز في ثلاثة مواسم بالكأس وفي خمسة مواسم بالدوري.

خاض فيرناندو غوميش مسيرته مع نادي بورتو في موسم 1974–75 في المرة الأولى ليلعب معه ستة مواسم ثم في موسم 1982–83 ليلعب معه سبعة مواسم، مشاركًا طوالها في 342 مباراة سجل خلالها 288 هدف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي ريال سبورتينغ خيخون في موسم 1980–81 ولمدة موسمين، حيث شارك في 27 مباراة سجل خلالها 12 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي سبورتينغ لشبونة في موسم 1989–90 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 63 مباراة سجل خلالها 31 هدفًا.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برتغاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برتغاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون برتغاليون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون من بورتو
طاقم نادي بورتو غير اللاعبين
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الممتاز
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1984
لاعبو بورتو
لاعبو ريال سبورتينغ خيخون
لاعبو سبورتينغ لشبونة
لاعبو كأس العالم 1986
لاعبو كرة قدم برتغاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برتغاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من بورتو
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبون فازوا بدوري أبطال أوروبا
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
غوميز
مواليد في بورتو
وفيات السرطان في البرتغال
وفيات بسبب سرطان البنكرياس

فيرناندو غوميش


Dune este un film SF american regizat de Denis Villeneuve. Este ecranizarea primei părți a romanului Dune de Frank Herbert. În rolurile principale sunt actorii Timothée Chalamet, Rebecca Ferguson, Stellan Skarsgård, Josh Brolin, Oscar Isaac și Zendaya. Premiera a fost programată la 1 octombrie 2021, iar în România la 22 octombrie. Inițial, filmul ar fi trebuit să apară în anul 2020, dar a fost amânat din cauza Pandemiei de COVID-19.

Distribuție

 Timothée Chalamet - Paul Atreides, moștenitorul ducal al Casei Atreides.
 Rebecca Ferguson - Lady Jessica, mama lui Paul Bene Gesserit și concubina ducelui Leto.
 Oscar Isaac - Ducele Leto Atreides, tatăl lui Paul și ducele Casei Atreides, încredințat cu administrarea planetei Arrakis (sau Dune).
 Josh Brolin - Gurney Halleck, maestrul armelor al Casei Atreides și unul dintre mentorii lui Paul.
 Stellan Skarsgård - Baronul Vladimir Harkonnen, baron al Casei Harkonnen, inamic al Casei Atreides și fost administrator al plantei Arrakis
 Dave Bautista - Glossu Rabban, nepotul baronului Harkonnen.
 Stephen McKinley Henderson - Thufir Hawat, mentat al Casei Atreides.
 Zendaya - Chani, o tânără fremenă femeie de care Paul se îndrăgostește.
 David Dastmalchian - Piter De Vries, mentatul strâmb al Casei Harkonnen.
 Chang Chen - Dr. Wellington Yueh, doctor care a absolvit școala Suk, angajat și trădător al casei Atreides.
 Sharon Duncan-Brewster - Dr. Liet-Kynes, ecologistă imperial și judecătoare a schimbării administrației de pe Arrakis.
 Charlotte Rampling - Gaius Helen Mohiam, Cucernica Maică Bene Gesserit și Dreptvorbitoarea împăratului.
 Jason Momoa - Duncan Idaho, Maestrul de arme al Casei Atreides, absolvent al Școlii Ginaz, unul dintre mentorii lui Paul.
 Javier Bardem - Stilgar, căpetenie a tribuluiui fremen Sietch Tabr.
 Babs Olusanmokun - Jamis, un fremen din Sietch Tabr.
 Benjamin Clementine - vestitor al schimbării, șeful unei delegații imperiale trimise pe planeta Caladan.

Note

Vezi și
Listă de filme științifico-fantastice din anii 2020

Legături externe

 Dune 2021 – un film la care m-aș fi putut uita cu ochii închiși

Filme din 2020
2020 în științifico-fantastic
Filme SF din anii 2020
Filme regizate de Denis Villeneuve

Dune (film din 2021)


Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech is a large, graceful deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-gray bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches.

Description

Fagus sylvatica is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to  tall and  trunk diameter, though more typically  tall and up to  trunk diameter. A 10-year-old sapling will stand about  tall. It has a typical lifespan of 150–200 years, though sometimes up to 300 years. In cultivated forest stands trees are normally harvested at 80–120 years of age. 30 years are needed to attain full maturity (as compared to 40 for American beech). Like most trees, its form depends on the location: in forest areas, F. sylvatica grows to over , with branches being high up on the trunk. In open locations, it will become much shorter (typically ) and more massive.

The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin,  long and 3–7 cm broad, with 6–7 veins on each side of the leaf (as opposed to 7–10 veins in F. orientalis). When crenate, there is one point at each vein tip, never any points between the veins. The buds are long and slender,  long and  thick, but thicker (to 4–5 mm) where the buds include flower buds.

The leaves of beech are often not abscissed (dropped) in the autumn and instead remain on the tree until the spring. This process is called marcescence. This particularly occurs when trees are saplings or when plants are clipped as a hedge (making beech hedges attractive screens, even in winter), but it also often continues to occur on the lower branches when the tree is mature.

Small quantities of seeds may be produced around 10 years of age, but not a heavy crop until the tree is at least 30 years old. F. sylvatica male flowers are borne in the small catkins which are a hallmark of the Fagales order (beeches, chestnuts, oaks, walnuts, hickories, birches, and hornbeams). The female flowers produce beechnuts, small triangular nuts  long and  wide at the base; there are two nuts in each cupule, maturing in the autumn 5–6 months after pollination. Flower and seed production is particularly abundant in years following a hot, sunny and dry summer, though rarely for two years in a row.

Distribution and habitat

The native range extends from the north, in Sweden, Denmark, Norway,  Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Bulgaria, eastern parts of Russia, Romania,
through Europe to France, southern England, northern Portugal, central Spain, and east to northwest Turkey, where it intergrades with the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), which replaces it further east. In the Balkans, it shows some hybridisation with oriental beech; these hybrid trees are named Fagus × taurica Popl. [Fagus moesiaca (Domin, Maly) Czecz.]. In the southern part of its range around the Mediterranean, and Sicily, it grows only in mountain forests, at  altitude.

Although often regarded as native in southern England, recent evidence suggests that F. sylvatica did not arrive in England until about 4000 BC, or 2,000 years subsequent to the English Channel forming following the ice ages; it could have been an early introduction by Stone Age humans, who used the nuts for food. The beech is classified as a native in the south of England and as a non-native in the north where it is often removed from 'native' woods. Localised pollen records have been recorded in the North of England from the Iron Age by Sir Harry Godwin. Changing climatic conditions may put beech populations in southern England under increased stress and while it may not be possible to maintain the current levels of beech in some sites it is thought that conditions for beech in north-west England will remain favourable or even improve. It is often planted in Britain. Similarly, the nature of Norwegian beech populations is subject to debate. If native, they would represent the northern range of the species. However, molecular genetic analyses support the hypothesis that these populations represent intentional introduction from Denmark before and during the Viking Age. However, the beech in Vestfold and at Seim north of Bergen in Norway is now spreading naturally and regarded as native.

Though not demanding of its soil type, the European beech has several significant requirements: a humid atmosphere (precipitation well distributed throughout the year and frequent fogs) and well-drained soil (being intolerant of excessive stagnant water). It prefers moderately fertile ground, calcified or lightly acidic, therefore it is found more often on the side of a hill than at the bottom of clayey basin. It tolerates rigorous winter cold, but is sensitive to spring frost. In Norway's oceanic climate planted trees grow well north to Bodø, and produce seedlings and can spread naturally in Trondheim. In Sweden, beech trees do not grow as far north as in Norway.

A beech forest is very dark and few species of plant are able to survive there, where the sun barely reaches the ground. Young beeches prefer some shade and may grow poorly in full sunlight. In a clear-cut forest a European beech will germinate and then die of excessive dryness. Under oaks with sparse leaf cover it will quickly surpass them in height and, due to the beech's dense foliage, the oaks will die from lack of sunlight.

Ecology
The root system is shallow, even superficial, with large roots spreading out in all directions. European beech forms ectomycorrhizas with a range of fungi including many Russula species, as well as Laccaria amethystina, and with the species Ramaria flavosaponaria. Tomentella Pat. species and Cenococcum geophilum have been found in Danish and Spanish beech forests. These fungi are important in enhancing uptake of water and nutrients from the soil.

In the woodlands of southern Britain, beech is dominant over oak and elm south of a line from about north Suffolk across to Cardigan. Oak are the dominant forest trees north of this line. One of the most beautiful European beech forests called Sonian Forest (Forêt de Soignes/Zoniënwoud) is found in the southeast of Brussels, Belgium. Beech is a dominant tree species in France and constitutes about 10% of French forests. The largest virgin forests made of beech trees are Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh () in Ukraine and Izvoarele Nerei ( in one forest body) in Semenic-Cheile Carașului National Park, Romania. These habitats are the home of Europe's largest predators, (the brown bear, the grey wolf and the lynx). Many trees are older than 350 years in Izvoarele Nerei and even 500 years in Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh.

Spring leaf budding by the European beech is triggered by a combination of day length and temperature. Bud break each year is from the middle of April to the beginning of May, often with remarkable precision (within a few days). It is more precise in the north of its range than the south, and at  than at sea level.

The European beech invests significantly in summer and autumn for the following spring. Conditions in summer, particularly good rainfall, determine the number of leaves included in the buds. In autumn, the tree builds the reserves that will sustain it into spring. Given good conditions, a bud can produce a shoot with ten or more leaves. The terminal bud emits a hormonal substance in the spring that halts the development of additional buds. This tendency, though very strong at the beginning of their existence, becomes weaker in older trees.

It is only after the budding that root growth of the year begins. The first roots to appear are very thin (with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm). Later, after a wave of above ground growth, thicker roots grow in a steady fashion.

Diseases and Pathogens
Fagus sylvatica and other beeches are prone to false heartwood ('red heart') a condition where drought, nutrient deficient soil, branch breakage, pathogen infestation or other stressor induces formation of protection wood. False heartwood often manifests in the areas of the trunk associated with symplastless branches. As branch symplast dies, the trunk wood becomes depleted of nitrogen-containing molecules essential for life; this increases risk of catastrophic trunk failure.

As the European Beech exhibits deterministic leaf and shoot development and has a larger leaf area than other European hardwood trees, it is relatively more sensitive to drought and may respond to a dry summer with pre-senescent leafdrop.

Biscogniauxia nummularia (beech tarcrust) is an ascomycete primary pathogen of beech trees, causing strip-canker and wood rot. It can be found at all times of year and is not edible.

Cultivation

European beech is a very popular ornamental tree in parks and large gardens in temperate regions of the world. In North America, they are preferred for this purpose over the native F. grandifolia, which despite its tolerance of warmer climates, is slower growing, taking an average of 10 years longer to attain maturity. The town of Brookline, Massachusetts has one of the largest, if not the largest, grove of European beech trees in the United States. The  public park, called 'The Longwood Mall', was planted sometime before 1850 qualifying it as the oldest stand of European beeches in the United States.

It is frequently kept clipped to make attractive hedges.

Since the early 19th century there have been numerous cultivars of European beech made by horticultural selection, often repeatedly; they include:
copper beech or purple beech (Fagus sylvatica purpurea) – a mutation of the European beech which was first noted in 1690 in the "Possenwald" forest near the town of Sondershausen in Thuringia, Germany. It is assumed that about 99% of all copper beeches in the world are descendants of this copper beech. Its leaves are purple, in many selections turning deep spinach green by mid-summer. In the United States Charles Sprague Sargent noted the earliest appearance in a nurseryman's catalogue in 1820, but in 1859 "the finest copper beech in America... more than fifty feet high" was noted in the grounds of Thomas Ash, Esq., Throggs Neck, New York; it must have been more than forty years old at the time.
fern-leaf beech (Fagus sylvatica Heterophylla Group) – leaves deeply serrated to thread-like
dwarf beech (Fagus sylvatica Tortuosa Group) – distinctive twisted trunk and branches
weeping beech (Fagus sylvatica Pendula Group) – branches pendulous
Dawyck beech (Fagus sylvatica 'Dawyck') – fastigiate (columnar) growth – occurs in green, gold and purple forms; named after Dawyck Botanic Garden in the Scottish Borders
golden beech (Fagus sylvatica 'Zlatia') – leaves golden in spring

Cultivars
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

F. sylvatica
'Dawyck'
'Dawyck Gold'
'Dawyck Purple'
'Pendula' (weeping beech)
'Riversii'
F. sylvatica var. heterophylla 'Aspleniifolia'

Uses
The nuts are eaten by humans and animals. Slightly toxic to humans if eaten in large quantities due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts were nonetheless pressed to obtain an oil in 19th-century England that was used for cooking and in lamps. They were also ground to make flour, which could be eaten after the tannins were leached out by soaking.

Primary Product AM 01, a smoke flavouring, is produced from Fagus sylvatica.

Timber
The wood of the European beech is used in the manufacture of numerous objects and implements. Its fine and short grain makes it an easy wood to work with, easy to soak, dye, varnish and glue. Steaming makes the wood even easier to machine. It has an excellent finish and is resistant to compression and splitting and it is stiff when flexed. Milling is sometimes difficult due to cracking. The density of the wood is  per cubic meter. It is particularly well suited for minor carpentry, particularly furniture. From chairs to parquetry (flooring) and staircases, the European beech can do almost anything other than heavy structural support, so long as it is not left outdoors. Its hardness make it ideal for making wooden mallets and workbench tops. The wood rots easily if it is not protected by a tar based on a distillate of its own bark (as used in railway sleepers). It is better for paper pulp than many other broadleaved trees though is only sometimes used for this, the high cellulose content can also be spun into modal, which is used as a textile akin to cotton. The code for its use in Europe is  (from FAgus SYlvatica). Common beech is also considered one of the best firewoods for fireplaces.

Gallery

References

External links

Beech Tree Collection – Photographs By Louis K. Meisel, NY
Images, location details, and measurements of remarkable beeches
Fagus sylvatica  – distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)

Edible nuts and seeds
sylvatica
Flora of Great Britain
Flora of Belgium
Flora of Europe
Flora of Germany
Flora of Italy
Flora of Montenegro
Flora of Portugal
Flora of Spain
Flora of Sweden
Flora of Turkey
Flora of Ukraine
Garden plants of Europe
Ornamental trees
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Trees of Europe
Trees of humid continental climate
Trees of mild maritime climate
Trees of temperate climates

Fagus sylvatica


Astraea () (minor planet designation: 5 Astraea) is an asteroid in the asteroid belt. Its surface is highly reflective and its composition is probably a mixture of nickel–iron with silicates of magnesium and iron. It is an S-type asteroid in the Tholen classification system.

Discovery and name
Astraea was the fifth asteroid discovered, on 8 December 1845, by Karl Ludwig Hencke and named for Astraea, a Greek goddess of justice named after the stars. It was his first of two asteroid discoveries. The second was 6 Hebe. A German amateur astronomer and post office headmaster, Hencke was looking for 4 Vesta when he stumbled on Astraea. The King of Prussia awarded him an annual pension of 1,200 marks for the discovery.

Hencke's symbol for Astraea is an inverted anchor, U+2BD4 ⯔ (), though given Astraea's role with justice and precision, it is perhaps a stylized set of scales, or a typographic substitute for one.
This symbol is no longer used. The astrological symbol is a percent sign, encoded specifically at U+2BD9 ⯙. The modern astronomical symbol is a simple encircled 5 (⑤).

For 38 years after the discovery of the fourth known asteroid, Vesta, in 1807, no further asteroids were discovered. After the discovery of Astraea, 8 more were discovered in the following 5 years, and 24 were found in the 5 years after that. The discovery of Astraea proved to be the starting point for the eventual demotion of the four original asteroids (which were regarded as planets at the time) to their current status, as it became apparent that these four were only the largest of a new type of celestial body with thousands of members.

Characteristics
Photometry indicates prograde rotation, that the north pole points in the direction of right ascension 9 h 52 min, declination 73° with a 5° uncertainty. This gives an axial tilt of about 33°. With an apparent magnitude of 8.7 (on a favorable opposition on 15 February 2016), it is only the seventeenth-brightest main-belt asteroid, and fainter than, for example, 192 Nausikaa or even 324 Bamberga (at rare near-perihelion oppositions).

An stellar occultation on 6 June 2008 allowed Astraea's diameter to be estimated; it was found to be .

See also
 Former classification of planets

References

External links
 2 Telescope images of 5 Astraea
 MNRAS 7 (1846) 27
 Physical characteristics of (5) Astraea at the Small Bodies Data Ferret
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books

Astraea asteroids
Astraea
Astraea
S-type asteroids (SMASS)
S-type asteroids (Tholen)
18451208

5 Astraea


Kromoplast, bitkilere farklı renkler kazandıran plastittir. Lökoplastlar gibi renksiz değildir. Bitkiye renk veren pigmentlerin üretilmesiyle ve depolanmasıyla görevlidir. Kloroplastlar ve lökoplastlar gibi fotosentez yapan ökaryotik türlerde bulunur. Likopen (kırmızı), ksantofil (sarı) ve karoten (turuncu) olmak üzere üç çeşittir.
 Sarı renkte kromoplastlar —> Limon, Muz vb.
 Kırmızı renkte olan kromoplastlar: —> Domates vb.
 Turuncu renkte olan kromoplastlar —> Havuç gibi sebze ve meyvelerde bulunur.

Sınıflandırma
 Plastit
 Kloroplast ve etiyoplast
 Kromoplast
 Lökoplast
 Amiloplast
 Elayoplast
 Proteinoplast

Organeller

Kromoplast


Hacılar, Sinop ilinin Erfelek ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Yerleşim, 20 Kasım 1991 tarihinde köy statüsü kazandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 45 km, Erfelek ilçe merkezine 13 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Erfelek belde ve köyleri

Hacılar, Erfelek


Listă de povestiri după care s-au făcut filme artistice:

0-9

A-E

F-L

M-R

S-Z

Note

Vezi și
 :Categorie:Filme bazate pe ficțiune scurtă


بوروت باهور  من مواليد (2 نوفمبر، 1963) هو رئيس وزراء جمهورية سلوفينيا منذ سنة 2008 حتى 2012. وانتخب رئيسًا للبلاد في ديسمبر 2012.

ظل بوروت باهور رئيسًا لحزب الاشتراكيين الديمقراطيين، وكان عضوًا في مجلس النواب لعدة دورات، ورئيسه من 2000 إلى 2004. وفي 2004، انتخب باهور عضوًا في البرلمان الأوروبي. وبعد النصر الذي حققه الاشتراكيين الديمقراطيين في انتخابات 2008 التشريعية، عُين باهور رئيسًا للوزراء.

في سبتمبر 2011، خسرت حكومة باهور اقتراعًا على الثقة، مما أدى إلى سقوطها، إلا أن باهور استمر في شغل منصب رئاسة الوزاء مؤقتًا، حتى حلَّ يانيز يانز محله في فبراير 2012. وفي يناير 2012، أعلن أنه سيترشح لمنصب الرئاسة الذي يعد شرفيًا إلى حد كبير في سلوفينيا. وفاز بالانتخابات أمام دانيلو تورك في الجولة الثانية من التصويت، حيث حصل على حوالي 67% من الأصوات.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بوستوينا
أشخاص من نوفا جوريتسا
حاصلون على نيشان الأمير ياروسلاف الحكيم من الرتبة الأولى
خريجو جامعة ليوبليانا
رؤساء سلوفينيا
رؤساء وزراء سلوفينيا
ملحدون سلوفينيون
مواليد 1963
مواليد في بوستوينا

بوروت باهور


Amir Husayn fue emir de los karaunes y brevemente emir principal del kanato de Chagatai. Era nieto (sobrino en una fuente) de Qazaghan el emir principal derrocado por Buyan Suldus en 1258.

Tras la invasión del kanato por Tughlugh Timur de Mogulistán en 1260, Amir Husayn regresó del exilio y, queriendo vengar a su familia, formó una coalición con los yasauris bajo Amir Khidr, y los Barlas, ahora bajo Tamerlán (designado por Tughluq Timur), en contra de Buyan Suldus, que tenía como aliados a Amir Beyazid de los jalayirs y Hajji Beg, el antiguo jefe de los Barlas. Amir Husayn, Tamerlán y Amir Khidr se dirigieron hacia Shadman en contra de Buyan Suldus, pero este huyó a Badakhxan, el gobernante del cual, Baha al-Din, igualmente huyó cuando los aliados invadieron su territorio. Amir Husayn entonces reclamó el liderazgo del ulus. Mientras Tughluq Timur abandonó el kanato Buyan Suldus regresó a su territorio y disputó el poder con Amir Husayn.

El 1361 Tughluq Temur invadió por segunda vez invadía la región, y Buyan Suldus se le sometió en Samarcanda. Esta vez, sin embargo, el kan quería centralizar el gobierno, y comenzó una purga de líderes tribales a los que consideraba como enemigos potenciales. Buyan Suldus fue ejecutado en 1362. Tughluq Timur regresó de nuevo a Mogulistán pero dejó como virrey a su hijo Ilyas Khoja. A la muerte de Tughluq Timur (1363), Tamerlán y Amir Husayn unidos expulsaron rápidamente a los mogoles orientales (a los que consideraban bárbaros) de Transoxiana. En 1365 lo mogoles orientales invadían de nuevo el país pero ahora las fuerzas de los karaunes bajo Amir Husayn y de los Barlas bajo Tamerlán, los derrotaron.

Poco después de este fracaso lo vencedores Tamerlán y Husayn establecieron un cogobierno en Transoxiana, instalando un kan títere. Husayn decidió construir para él mismo una base urbana que sirviera de capital permanente, que fue el centro de Balkh en Afganistán, arruinada desde el tiempo de Gengis Kan, y que ahora se desarrolló como una anti-Samarcanda. En cuanto al ambicioso Tamerlán, este se sublevó en 1370 al frente de sus partidarios. Husayn tenía poco apoyo y fue fácilmente derrotado y asesinado.

Referencias
 René Grousset, L'empire des Steppes, versio francesa 1938 reedició 4ª 1965, i versió anglesa 1970. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9
 Hodong Kim, "The Early History of the Moghul Nomads: The Legacy of the Chaghatai Khanate." The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy. Ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss i David Morgan. Leiden: Brill, 1998. ISBN 90-04-11048-8
 Beatrice Forbes Manz, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1989. ISBN 0-521-63384-2
 Mirza Muhammad Haidar. The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia). Traduit per Edward Denison Ross, editat per N. Elias. Londres, 1895.

Historia de Afganistán
Mongoles

Amir Husayn


في الاتصالات وشبكات الحاسوب، طريقة الوصول المتعدد  أو طريقة الوصول القنوي  تعرّف بأنها طريقة تسمح لعدة قنوات بالتشارك في نفس الوسط الفيزيائي والإرسال والاستقبال من خلال هذا الوسط وأيضا التشارك في مساحة الوسط.

أمثلة على وسط فيزيائي مشترك
 شبكات مربوطة على التوالي (Bus Network).
 شبكات حلقية (Ring Networks).
 المحاور الشبكية (Hub Networks).
 الشبكات اللاسلكية (Wireless Networks).

أنواع طرق الوصول المتعدد
 الوصول المتعدد عبر تقسيم الترددات (Frequency Division Multiple Access).
 الوصول المتعدد عبر تقسيم الوقت (Time Division Multiple Access).
 الوصول المتعدد عبر تقسيم الحزمات (Packet Mode Multiple Access).
الشيفرات (Code Division Multiple Access).

اتصالات
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