Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (; born 15 July 1949) is an Emirati politician and royal who is the current ruler of Dubai, and serves as the vice president, prime minister, and minister of defence of the United Arab Emirates. He is the third son of Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, former vice president of the UAE and ruler of Dubai. Sheikh Mohammed succeeded his brother, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, as vice president and ruler following his death in 2006.

A billionaire, Sheikh Mohammed generates most of his income from real estate and is described as "one of the world's most prominent real estate developers". Land which is owned by him is managed as an asset of the state. There is a blurred line between the assets of the government of Dubai and those of the ruling Al Maktoum family. He oversaw the growth of Dubai into a global city, as well as the launch of a number of government-owned enterprises including Emirates Airline, DP World, and the Jumeirah Group. Some of these are held by Dubai Holding. Sheikh Mohammed has overseen the development of certain projects in Dubai, such as the Palm Islands and the Burj Al Arab hotel, as well as Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.

Sheikh Mohammed is the absolute ruler of Dubai and the prime minister of the UAE, a position appointed by the president. The government is autocratic, as there are no democratic institutions, and internal dissent is prohibited. It is characterized by scholars as authoritarian.

On 5 March 2020, a British court ruled that on the balance of probabilities, Sheikh Mohammed had abducted two of his daughters, Sheikha Shamsa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum and Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum, and had threatened his former wife, the Jordanian princess Haya bint Hussein. Allegedly, Sheikha Shamsa and Sheikha Latifa were forcibly medicated while held in Dubai under Sheikh Mohammed's orders since 2000 and 2018, respectively. On 16 February 2021, BBC's Panorama broadcast a documentary featuring Sheikha Latifa's video messages that she made secretly under enforced detention in Dubai on the orders of Sheikh Mohammed.

Sheikh Mohammed is an equestrian and is the founder of the Maktoum family-owned Godolphin stable and the owner of Darley, a thoroughbred breeding operation, operational in six countries. In 2012, he rode the horse Madji Du Pont 160 km to take the FEI World Endurance Championship.

Early life
Sheikh Mohammed is the third of four sons of Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai. The Al Maktoum family is Dubai's ruling family and descendants of the House of Al-Falasi, of which Sheikh Mohammed is the tribal leader. His mother was Sheikha Latifa bint Hamdan Al Nahyan, daughter of former ruler of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan. Sheikh Mohammed's early life was not grand. He grew up in a house without any electricity during his early years and the family sometimes had to sleep together in one room with a fan. A hundred people or more lived in his house, including guards and slaves.

Education
From the age of four, Sheikh Mohammed was privately tutored in Arabic and Islamic Studies. In 1955, he began his formal education at Al Ahmedia School. At the age of 10, he moved to Al Shaab School, and two years later, went to Dubai Secondary School. In 1966, with his cousin Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Maktoum, he attended the Bell Educational Trust's English Language School in the United Kingdom. He subsequently studied at the Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot, passing out with the sword of honour as the top Commonwealth student. He also travelled to Italy to train as a pilot.

Political career

Dubai Police

On Sheikh Mohammed's return from military training to Dubai, his father appointed him as the head of the Dubai Police Force and the Dubai Defence Force (which later became a part of the Union Defence Force) when he was only 20 years old.

Minister of Defence
As a young man, in January 1968, Sheikh Mohammed was present when his father Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum and Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan first met in the desert between Dubai and Abu Dhabi at Argoub El Sedira to agree to the formation of a union of emirates following British notification of intent to withdraw from the Trucial States. When the new nation of the United Arab Emirates was founded on 2 December 1971, he became its first minister of defence at the age of 22.

A period of uncertainty and instability followed the Union of the United Arab Emirates, including skirmishes between tribes over property, straddling new borders. On 24 January 1972, the exiled former ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah, Sheikh Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi, led an insurrectionist coup against the ruler, Sheikh Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi. Following a spirited firefight between the Union Defence Force and Sheikh Saqr's forces – mostly Egyptian mercenaries who had entered the UAE through Ras Al Khaimah – Sheikh Mohammed accepted Sheikh Saqr's surrender. Sheikh Khalid had been killed in the action, leading to the accession of his brother Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi as ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah. Sheikh Mohammed delivered Saqr to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who put him under house arrest in Al Ain.

In 1973, Sheikh Mohammed was involved in protracted negotiations with the hijackers of JAL 404, led by Japanese Red Army member Osamu Maruouka, which landed in Dubai after being hijacked as it departed Schiphol Airport. Although unsuccessful in obtaining the release of the hostages (they were finally freed, and the 747 blown up, in Libya), he was more successful in a later negotiation with the three hijackers of KLM 861, who released the balance of their hostages and handed over the plane in return for safe passage. In 1977, Sheikh Mohammed oversaw the integration of Dubai's military forces with those of the other emirates.

Crown Prince of Dubai

On 3 January 1995, Sheikh Mohammed's eldest brother Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai, signed two decrees; one appointing Sheikh Mohammed as crown prince and the other appointing their brother Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum (who is younger than Sheikh Maktoum and older than Sheikh Mohammad) as the deputy ruler of Dubai. Sheikh Mohammed, at the time of being appointed crown prince, also served as minister of defence, a position he held since 9 December 1971, following his time as chief of the Dubai Police Force.

Sheikh Mohammed created the Dubai Shopping Festival in late 1995, an annual event that has become a significant contributor to the economy of the UAE.

In 2001, Sheikh Mohammed ordered the arrest of Obaid Saqr bin-Busit, the head of Dubai Customs and the chairman of the World Customs Association.

Ruler of Dubai, Vice President and Prime Minister
After roughly a decade of de facto rule, Sheikh Mohammed became the ruler of Dubai on 4 January 2006, upon the death of his brother Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The following day, the Federal National Council selected him as the new Vice President of the UAE. On 11 February, the Council approved President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan's nomination of Sheikh Mohammed for Prime Minister.

Sheikh Mohammed is the absolute monarch of Dubai. The government is described as autocratic, as there are no democratic institutions, and internal dissent is prohibited. Sheikh Mohammed is Prime Minister of the UAE, which scholars characterize as authoritarian. According to human rights organizations, there are systematic human rights violations, including the torture and forced disappearance of government critics. There is a blurred line between the assets of the state of Dubai and those of the Al Maktoum ruling family.

Sheikh Mohammed issued a law in 2006 to form the Dubai Establishment for Women Development, renamed by law in 2009 as the Dubai Women's Establishment. He also formed the UAE Gender Balance Council in 2015.

On 19 October 2020, Sheikh Mohammed led the UAE Council of Ministers meeting that ratified a peace agreement with Israel, normalizing diplomatic relationships between the countries. The Council, again headed by Sheikh Mohammed, approved the decision to found an Emirati embassy in Tel Aviv in January, and Sheikh Mohammed swore in the first Emirati ambassador to Israel, Mahmoud Al Khajah, a month later.

Space exploration
Sheikh Mohammed founded the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre in 2015, which announced it would be launching a spacecraft to Mars to study the planet's atmosphere; He stated that the planet was chosen for its "epic challenge," saying it would benefit the Emirati economy. He announced that the mission would be called Hope after a public vote, as the name would "send a message of optimism to millions of young Arabs," since "Arab civilisation once played a great role in contributing to human knowledge, and [would] play that role again."

Sheikh Mohammed announced that the Hope mission had succeeded at orbit insertion on 9 February 2021, and shared the first picture the probe had captured days later. Hope became the first Arab mission to space, as well as the first of three missions in July 2020—the others from the United States and China—to arrive at Mars.

In 2020, Sheikh Mohammed announced a second mission, this one to the moon. The Emirates Lunar Mission used a lunar rover named Rashid, reportedly built entirely in the UAE. It was launched on 11 December 2022 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket. In a historic  first, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum's book titled "The Journey From the Desert to the Stars" was launched from the International Space Station (ISS) through Emirati astronaut Sultan AlNeyadi.

Business career

Sheikh Mohammed has overseen the creation and growth of a number of businesses and economic assets of Dubai, with a number held by two companies under his ownership, Dubai World and Dubai Holding. According to the laws of Dubai, the ruling family owns all undeveloped land in Dubai, which has allowed the family to prosper from real estate development. During Sheikh Mohammed's rule, Dubai has seen enormous population growth, causing a real estate boom in Dubai. The boom was in part facilitated by Sheikh Mohammed's 2002 decree that foreigners would be allowed to purchase property in Dubai.

Sheikh Mohammed established Dubai World by decree, leading to the company's launch on 2 July 2006, as a holding company consolidating a number of assets including logistics company, DP World, property developer Nakheel Properties, and investment company Istithmar World. With more than 50,000 employees in over 100 cities around the globe, the Group has real estate, logistics and other business investments in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. The company is owned by the government of Dubai.

Sheikh Mohammed's personal corporate portfolio is the Dubai Holding Group, which is involved in a variety of investments. Dubai Holding benefits from its association with the ruling family of Dubai, and is given free land by the Dubai government.

Mohammed was responsible for the launch of Emirates Airline.

Launch of Emirates Airline
Through the 1970s, as well as his role as head of Dubai Defence Force and UAE Minister of Defence, Sheikh Mohammed oversaw Dubai's energy resources and was in charge of the Dubai Civil Aviation Authority. It was in this latter role, in March 1985, that he founded Emirates Airline, tasking then-head of Dnata, Maurice Flanagan, with launching a new airline to be called Emirates after a dispute with Gulf Air over Dubai's 'Open Skies' policy. The launch budget of the airline was $10 million (the amount Flanagan said he needed to launch an airline) and its inaugural flight took place on 25 October 1985. Sheikh Mohammed appointed his uncle Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum as chairman of the new company. A further $75 million in facilities and materials was provided, but Emirates has always maintained that it has received no further subsidies throughout the company's meteoric growth to become one of the world's leading airlines.

In 1989, Sheikh Mohammed inaugurated the first Dubai Airshow. In 2013, the exhibition had grown to over 1,000 exhibiting companies, and was the venue for Emirates' placement of the largest aeroplane order in history, with $99 billion combined orders with Airbus for its A380 and Boeing for its 777X.

Burj Al Arab and Jumeirah

The Burj Al Arab was inaugurated in December 1999. The hotel, constructed from a design by WS Atkins in response to a brief from Sheikh Mohammed to create "a truly iconic" building, styles itself as "the world's most luxurious hotel". It was constructed on an island offshore from the Jumeirah Beach Hotel, the first property managed by Jumeirah, the hotel management company launched by Sheikh Mohammed in 1997 and headed by ex-Trust House Forte executive Gerald Lawless. While work began on both hotels at the same time, the island to house the Burj Al Arab required three years to build before construction began above ground. Jumeirah's international expansion, driven after it became part of Dubai Holding in 2004, encompasses 22 hotels in ten countries.

Dubai Internet City and TECOM
On 29 October 1999, Sheikh Mohammed announced Dubai Internet City, a technology hub and free trade zone. Offering companies long leases, full ownership, and fast access to government services, DIC grew from its first tenants in October 2000, to a current zone employing about 15,000 people. In November 2000, it was joined by Dubai Media City, a content and media production-free zone, which is co-located with DIC. The launch of DIC came with assurances from Sheikh Mohammed regarding media freedoms. In 2007, he issued a decree banning the imprisonment of journalists following an incident in which local journalists were accused of libel and sentenced to jail terms.

Palm Islands

The Palm Islands were developed by Nakheel Properties, which Sheikh Mohammed founded.

Interests, activities and philanthropic work

Mohammed bin Rashid Global initiatives (MBRGI)
The Mohammed bin Rashid Global Initiatives is a charitable foundation which consolidates the work of some 33 charitable foundations, entities and initiatives which, together, implement more than 1,400 development programs, contributing to the support of more than 130 million people in 116 countries in collaboration with over 280 strategic partners, including governmental institutions, private sector companies, as well as regional and international organizations.

Mohammed bin Rashid School of Government
The Mohammed bin Rashid School of Government (previously the Dubai School of Government) is an academic and research institution in the area of public policy and administration.

Aid to Palestine
Sheikh Mohammed made a grant of 600 houses to Gaza following the 2008–2009 Gaza war.

Aiding mosque construction in the Netherlands
In 2000, Sheikh Mohammed donated €4 million for the construction of the Essalaam Mosque in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

In June 2017, two new initiatives were added to the Mohammed Bin Rashid Global Initiatives, within the "Empowering Communities" sector, namely the International Institute for Tolerance and the Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Award for Tolerance. In this respect, Sheikh Mohammed issued Law No. (9) of 2017 on the Establishment of the International Institute for Tolerance and Decree No. (23) of 2017 on the Formation of a Board of Trustees and Decree No. (28) of 2017 on the Appointment of a Managing Director for the International Institute for Tolerance. In this respect, Law No. (9) of 2017 includes the launch of the Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Award for Tolerance, administered in accordance with the provisions and statute of said Law. Hence, the establishment of the International Institute for Tolerance aims at instilling a spirit of tolerance across the community, building a cohesive society, strengthening the UAE's standing and position as a model of tolerance, as well as renouncing extremism and all forms of discrimination among people on the basis of religion, sex, race, color or language, in addition to honoring all entities and institutions contributing to the promotion of tolerance and open, interfaith dialogue.

Sporting interests
Sheikh Mohammed is a major figure in international thoroughbred horse racing and breeding. He owns Darley Stud, the biggest horse breeding operation in the world with farms in the United States, Ireland, England, and Australia. In 1985 he bought the Irish thoroughbred Park Appeal for an undisclosed sum at the end of her second season. She went on to produce at least nine winners from twelve foals and is the ancestor of many successful horses.

Sheikh Mohammed had raced horses as a child (he would share his breakfast with his horse on the way to school) but he attended his first formal race at Newmarket in 1967, with his brother Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, watching Royal Palace win the 2,000 guineas. Becoming an owner in his own right, ten years later he won his first race with Hatta at Brighton. And five years after that, he and Sheikh Hamdan had three studs and 100 horses under training.

In late 1981, Sheikh Mohammed purchased Gainsborough Stud at Woolton Hill, near Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom. He owns Ballysheehan Stud in County Tipperary, Ireland; as well as Gainsborough Farm Inc. in Versailles, Kentucky, United States. His racing operations include the ownership of Darley Stables and he is the leading partner in his family's Godolphin Stables. Sheikh Mohammed hosts the Dubai World Cup at Meydan Racecourse.

By 1992, Sheikh Mohammed had started 'wintering' his horses in Dubai, frequently against the advice of trainers and pundits in the UK. The results were a string of high-profile wins, and by 1994 he founded Godolphin. In 1995, his hands-on approach to racing resulted in a major split with leading trainer Henry Cecil after a disagreement over racing a horse Sheikh Mohammed insisted was injured. Cecil took the argument public and Sheikh Mohammed removed all his horses from Cecil's stable.

Godolphin's first win, Balanchine taking the Oaks at Epsom Downs, England, in 1994, was to mark the beginning of a winning streak with horses such as Lammtarra, Daylami, Fantastic Light, Street Cry, Sulamani, Dubawi, and Ramonti among them. Dubai Millennium, said to be Sheikh Mohammed's favourite, won nine of his ten starts before succumbing to injury followed by grass sickness in 2001.

In 1996, the Dubai World Cup was inaugurated as the world's richest horserace, drawing the legendary American dirt track horse Cigar to race in Dubai. Today, held at the Meydan Racecourse, the race meeting carries a prize of $27 million.

In the UK, Sheikh Mohammed's horses have won Group One races including several of the British Classic Races. His horses have also won the Irish Derby Stakes, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and, the 2006 Preakness Stakes with Bernardini in the US. In 2008, he bought the Woodlands Stud empire for more than $460 million. The same year, he nearly bought out Charlton Athletic but he later turned down.

At the age of 63, Sheikh Mohammed won the 2012 World Endurance Championship over a 160 km course. Both his thoroughbreds and endurance horses have failed drug tests – although his trainers (including Mahmood Al Zarooni) have accepted the blame. His endurance racing stable has also been involved in other scandals, including both fatal injuries, and ringers. In 2015, the FEI suspended the United Arab Emirates following a series of scandals.

In the 15th Asian Games in 2006, Sheikh Mohammed's eldest son, Rashid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum, took the individual gold in endurance riding. His sons Sheikh Rashid, Ahmed, Majid, and Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum took the team gold in endurance riding, his niece Sheikha Latifa took a bronze in show jumping, and his daughter Sheikha Maitha bint Mohammed Al Maktoum led the UAE team in taekwondo. In 2013 when the UAE National football team won the Gulf Cup, Sheikh Mohammed gave the team 50 million dirhams ($13.7 million). His wife awarded the team a further 25 million dirhams ($6.8 million), while the pair's grandsons contributed 12 million dirhams ($3.3 million).

Godolphin's Cross Counter, ridden by Kerrin McEvoy and trained by Charlie Appleby won the 2018 Melbourne Cup.

Patron of the arts
Sheikh Mohammed is a poet in classical Arabic as well as the Bedouin (colloquial) Nabati style.

In 1998, Sheikh Mohammed set up the Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Centre for Cultural Understanding (SMCCU), a not-for-profit organisation that aims to raise awareness and demystify the local culture, customs, and religion of the United Arab Emirates. Operating under the motto "Open Doors. Open Minds", SMCCU aims to improve cross-cultural understanding and communication between UAE locals and guests visiting or residing in the UAE. An initiative by Sheikh Mohammed in 2015 saw Dubai's Metro stations turned into art galleries in the period leading up to Art Dubai 2015.

The Sheikh established the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Patrons of the Arts Awards in March 2009 to honour individuals and organisations who have contributed towards arts development in Dubai. The award allows artists and projects to benefit from the private sector's support under four categories: Distinguished Patrons of the Arts (AED 15 million), Patrons of the Arts (AED 2–5 million), Supporters of the Arts (AED 500,000), and Friends of the Arts (AED 50,000–500,000). The award aims to grant financial or in kind support to the visual and performing arts, literature, and film sectors, which contribute to enriching the artistic and cultural scene in Dubai.

Controversies

Sheikha Latifa and Sheikha Shamsa kidnap allegations
 Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum has three daughters named Latifa. The other two daughters are not connected to this allegation.
An early 2000s British police investigation of allegations, made by a former riding instructor, about the attempted escape of Sheikh Mohammed's daughter Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 1985), from her family estate in England and the subsequent kidnapping on a street in Cambridge of Latifa's sister, Sheikha Shamsa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum, in 2001, was inconclusive.

On 11 March 2018, a video was released of Sheikha Latifa after her failed attempt to flee the UAE and subsequent disappearance, in which she claimed she was fleeing from her family, made allegations of abuse, and said her father was responsible for a number of murders, including the murder of his deceased older brother's wife. The escape attempt was the focus of a documentary by Australian broadcaster Nine News as well as BBC Newsnight investigation.

In December 2018, former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson, after meeting Sheikha Latifa in the presence of other family members, said that the princess was now in the loving care of her family. Her statement was criticised by human rights groups, who said that Robinson would not have been able to tell in the meeting whether Sheikha Latifa truly had psychological issues. A spokeswoman for ″The Mary Robinson Foundation – Climate Justice″ confirmed that Robinson was approached by Sheikh Mohammed's wife Princess Haya bint Hussein, an old friend of Robinson's, and was requested to go to Dubai by Princess Haya and that Haya paid the fare, less than two weeks after the BBC ran a documentary detailing Sheikha Latifa's failed escape attempt in March. Robinson admits she was "horribly tricked" when photographs of the private lunch were made public and that both she and Haya had been told of details of Sheikha Latifa's bipolar disorder, a condition which she does not have. Sheikha Latifa's cousin Marcus Essabri reported that Latifa's photos with Mary Robinson seems to show Latifa medicated while held in Dubai under her father's orders. She has not been seen in public since.

In February 2021, video footage obtained by the BBC shows Sheikha Latifa saying she has been "a hostage" for over a year "with no access to medical help" in "solitary confinement" without access to medical or legal help in a "villa jail" with windows and doors barred shut, and guarded by police. The governments of Dubai and the UAE have not responded to requests for comment from the BBC. Despite her family's insistence that she has been enjoying time with them at home the past two years, Sheikha Latifa says in the series of videos released by her advocates that she is "a hostage" and fears for her life. "Every day, I'm worried about my safety in my life. I don't really know if I'm going to survive this situation." "The police threaten me that they would take me outside and shoot me if I didn't cooperate with them," she said. "They also threatened me that I would be in prison my whole life and I'll never see the sun again."

In 2021, investigative reporting into the Pegasus spyware found that Sheikha Latifa's name was added to a list of names that were potential targets of the spyware just days before she was seized by commandos of an unknown country, off the coast of India, while she was aboard a yacht in an attempt to flee her father's kingdom.

Princess Haya escape
In June 2019, it was reported that one of Sheikh Mohammed's wives, Princess Haya bint Hussein had fled Dubai along with her two children, a son and a daughter, and was in Germany seeking political asylum. A subsequent poem composed by Sheikh Mohammed (an occasional couplet-writer) and posted on Instagram alluded to betrayal in love.

Princess Haya moved from Germany to the United Kingdom, filed for sole custody of their two children, a forced marriage protection order (FMPO), and a non-molestation order at the High Court of Justice in London in July 2019.

In December 2019, a UK family court ruled that, on the balance of probabilities, Sheikh Mohammed may have committed the crime of "taunting" Princess Haya after her adulterous affair with a bodyguard became known, which verbal "taunting," the court held, amounted to subjecting Princess Haya to "a campaign of intimidation." The findings were published in March 2021. In October 2021, the High Court ruled that agents of Sheikh Mohammed used the Israeli Pegasus spyware to hack the phones of Princess Haya, her solicitors, a personal assistant and two members of her security team in the summer of 2020. The court ruled that the agents acted "with the express or implied authority" of the Sheikh; he denied knowledge of the hacking. The judgment referred to the hacking as "serial breaches of (UK) domestic criminal law", "in violation of fundamental common law and ECHR rights", "interference with the process of this court and the mother's access to justice" and "abuse of power" by a head of state.

In December 2021, Princess Haya was granted full custody of her children, and alimony and support in the amount of US$720 million. The Washington Post reported that "In justifying the amounts, (Justice) Moor cited the need to preserve the truly opulent and unprecedented standard of living enjoyed by these parties" and dismissed as "irrelevant" the woman's admitted adultery with her bodyguard while ensconced in this opulent luxury. In 2022, the court ordered that there should be no direct contact between Sheikh Mohammed and his children, and no input by him into decision-making about the children's lives.

Child camel jockeys
In 2006, a UNICEF-sponsored program with the UAE government resulted in the repatriation of hundreds of children formerly enslaved as camel jockeys, and provided them with social services and compensation upon return to their home countries of Pakistan, Sudan, Mauritania, and Bangladesh. The UAE government set aside US$2.7 million in initial funding in 2005 with an additional $9 million for the second phase, and to enforce compliance, adopted a law officially banning the practice with penalties of jail time and a $27,200 fine. UNICEF endorsed the UAE's efforts and expressed the hopes that "the UAE's programme will serve as a model to other countries in the region, as a means of ending all forms of exploitation of children".

In September 2006, Sheikh Mohammed was accused of encouraging the abduction and enslavement of thousands of boys for use as jockeys in camel races. A class-action suit was filed against him in the US state of Florida. In 2006, American lawyers representing the UAE raised a motion to dismiss the lawsuit on the grounds that none of the involved parties resided in the US, arguing that the UN program best served the interests of the children. In July 2007, judge Cecilia Altonaga accepted the motion and dismissed the suit.

Horse racing drugs scandal
In April 2013, Sheikh Mohammed's Godolphin stables trainer Mahmood Al Zarooni was disqualified for eight years from thoroughbred horse racing by the British Horseracing Authority for administering steroids to eleven racehorses. Sheikh Mohammed stated that he was "appalled and angered" by the case and announced that the stable would be locked down while drug tests were carried out on all horses under Al Zarooni's care. In May, Sheikh Mohammed, as prime minister of the UAE, issued a decree outlawing and criminalizing the use of anabolic steroids on horses in the UAE.

In October 2013, Sheikh Mohammed faced another scandal in the venue of horseracing, with reports of potentially toxic and dangerous steroids, anaesthetics, and anti-inflammatory drugs being shipped into the UAE, mislabeled as "horse tack". The Telegraph commented that a "PR campaign is already underway, with Sheikh Mohammed again cast as a victim of employee malpractice".

Pandora Papers
In October 2021, an investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) revealed that over 330 prominent politicians and public officials across the world had ties with offshore companies. Amongst them were 35 current and former world leaders. The leaked 11.9 million files revealed that Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum also used offshore companies to manage and expand his wealth. In order to carry out his dealings, he secretly registered three companies in the tax havens of the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and the Bahamas. Registered by an Emirati firm, Axiom Limited, the three companies were Tandem Investco Limited and Tandem DirectorCo Limited in BVI and Allied International Investments Limited in the Bahamas. Partly owned by the Dubai Holding, in which Sheikh Mohammed owns major shares, Axiom Limited used the three companies to "expand its core business".

Personal life
Sheikh Mohammed has 26 children from several wives.

Sheikh Mohammed's ex-wife was Princess Haya bint Hussein, daughter of former King Hussein of Jordan and half-sister of King Abdullah II of Jordan. In 2022, the High Court of England and Wales ruled and mandated that Sheikh Mohammed must not have direct contact with his children by Princess Haya, or input into decision-making about them, because of his coercive and abusive behaviour which "had emotionally and psychologically harmed their children". On 19 September 2022, he attended the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey, London.

In addition to Arabic, he also speaks English.

Wealth and assets
In 2021, the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project estimated that Sheikh Mohammed owned assets worth $14 billion.

Sheikh Mohammed owns the yacht named Dubai, built by the German company Blohm + Voss and designed by English designer Andrew Winch, who owns Winch Design. The yacht is  long, and was the world's third largest yacht as of 2014, with the capacity for up to 115 people including crew. Another personal yacht of the Sheikh is the  Alloya, built by Sanlorenzo in 2013.

Sheikh Mohammed owns real estate in the United Kingdom worth more than 100 million British pounds, as well as properties in Rome through a company registered in Luxembourg. According to a 2021 analysis by The Guardian and Transparency International, Sheikh Mohammed is one of the largest landowners in the UK, owning more than 100,000 acres. The exact number of properties is not known, as most of the properties connected to him are owned through offshore companies in the tax havens of Guernsey and Jersey. When asked about these holdings, Sheikh Mohammed's lawyer rejected that the properties were bought through offshore companies or that the holdings were intended to avoid UK taxes.

In the 2021 Pandora Papers leaks, it was revealed that Sheikh Mohammed was a shareholder in three additional companies registered in jurisdictions allowing secrecy.

Wives and children
Sheikh Mohammad has been married to at least seven women. As of 2023, he is divorced from all his wives except his first wife, Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum Al Maktoum.

Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum
Sheikh Mohammed is married to Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum (m. 1979), First Lady of Dubai. They are first cousins. Together they have 12 children:
 Sheikha Hessa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 6 November 1980), she is married to Sheikh Saeed bin Dalmook Al Maktoum and they have three children:
 Hind bint Saeed Al Maktoum (born 25 November 2009).
 Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (born 20 May 2012).
 Salama bint Saeed Al Maktoum (born 17 July 2018).
 Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (12 November 1981 – 19 September 2015). Sheikh Rashid has one son:
 Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (born 18 November 2003).
 Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 14 November 1982), Crown Prince of Dubai (since 2008). He is married to Sheikha Sheikha bint Saeed bin Thani Al Maktoum. He has three children:
 Rashid bin Hamdan Al Maktoum (born 20 May 2021).
 Shaikha bint Hamdan Al Maktoum (born 20 May 2021).
 Mohammed bin Hamdan Al Maktoum (born 25 February 2023).
 Sheikh Maktoum bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 24 November 1983), First Deputy Ruler of Dubai (since 2008), Deputy Prime Minister of the UAE (since 2021), UAE Minister of Finance (since 2021). He is married to Sheikha Maryam bint Butti bin Maktoum Al Maktoum, and they have three daughters:
 Hind bint Maktoum Al Maktoum (born 24 November 2020).
 Latifa bint Maktoum Al Maktoum (born 11 January 2022).
 Shaikha bint Maktoum Al Maktoum (born 25 January 2023).
 Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 7 February 1987), Second Deputy Ruler of Dubai (since 2023). He is married to Sheikha Madiyah bint Dalmook Al Maktoum. They have one daughter:
 Hind bint Ahmed Al Maktoum (born 22 October 2022).
 Sheikh Saeed bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 20 March 1988).
 Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (III) (born 30 March 1989). She is married to Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi, Crown Prince of Fujairah, and they have five children:
 Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi (born 29 December 2009).
 Aisha bint Mohammed Al Sharqi (born 1 November 2011).
 Fatima bint Mohammed Al Sharqi (born 11 March 2014).
 Rashid bin Mohammed Al Sharqi (born 15 December 2015).
 Hind bint Mohammed Al Sharqi (born 22 June 2020).
 Sheikha Maryam bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (II) (born 11 January 1992). She is married to Sheikh Khaled bin Mohammed bin Hamdan Al Nahyan, and they have three sons:
 Mohammed bin Khaled Al Nahyan (born 25 September 2020).
 Hamdan bin Khaled Al Nahyan (born 25 August 2021).
 Khalifa bin Khaled Al Nahyan (born 10 October 2022).
 Sheikha Sheikha bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 20 December 1992). She is married to Sheikh Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa, and they have five children:
 Sheema bint Nasser Al Khalifa (born 16 July 2010).
 Hamad bin Nasser Al Khalifa (born 6 June 2012).
 Mohammed bin Nasser Al Khalifa (born 6 June 2012).
 Hamdan bin Nasser Al Khalifa (born 28 October 2018).
 Khalid bin Nasser Al Khalifa (born 15 February 2022).
 Sheikha Futtaim bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 22 July 1994).
 Sheikha Salamah bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 8 August 1999).
 Sheikha Shamma bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 13 November 2001).

Haya bint Hussein
Sheikh Mohammed was married to Princess Haya bint Hussein (marriage 10 April 2004, divorce 7 February 2019), they have two children:
Sheikha Al Jalila bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 2 December 2007).
Sheikh Zayed bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 7 January 2012).

Randa bint Mohammad Al-Banna
Sheikh Mohammed was married to Sheikha Randa bint Mohammed Al-Banna (marriage 1972, divorced). They have one daughter:
 Sheikha Manal bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 12 November 1977). She is married to Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and they have five children:
 Fatima bint Mansour Al Nahyan (born 9 June 2006).
 Mohammed bin Mansour Al Nahyan (born 4 December 2007).
 Hamdan bin Mansour Al Nahyan (born 21 June 2011).
 Latifa bint Mansour Al Nahyan (born 23 January 2014).
 Rashid bin Mansour Al Nahyan (born 22 March 2017).

Delila Aloula
Sheikh Mohammed was married to Sheikha Delila Aloula (divorced), they have three daughters:
 Sheikha Dalal bint Mohammed Al Maktoum
 Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (I) (born 16 June 1983). She is married to Sheikh Faisal bin Saud bin Khalid Al Qassimi and they have four children:
 Mohammed bin Faisal Al Qassimi (born 28 July 2018).
 Shaikha bint Faisal Al Qassimi (born 29 October 2020).
 Hamdan bin Faisal Al Qassimi (born 24 December 2021).
Hind bint Faisal Al Qassimi (born 14 May 2023).
 Sheikha Maryam bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (I) (born 11 August 1987). She is married to Sheikh Suhail bin Ahmed Al Maktoum and they have three children:
 Fatima bint Suhail Al Maktoum (born 26 September 2019).
 Ahmed bin Suhail Al Maktoum (born 1 December 2020).
 Latifa bint Suhail Al Maktoum (born 17 February 2022).

Houria Ahmad Lamara
Sheikh Mohammed was married to Sheikha Houria Ahmed Lamara (divorced), they have five children:
 Sheikha Maitha bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 5 March 1980).
 Sheikha Shamsa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 15 August 1981).
 Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (II) (born 5 December 1985).
 Sheikh Majid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 16 October 1987). He is married to Hessa Beljafla and they have five children:
 Mohammed bin Majid Al Maktoum (born 15 July 2015).
 Dubai bint Majid Al Maktoum (born 15 July 2015).
 Maitha bint Majid Al Maktoum (born 17 May 2017).
 Rashid bin Majid Al Maktoum (born 2 February 2019).
 Maktoum bin Majid Al Maktoum (born 15 July 2022).
 Sheikh Mansoor bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 26 June 1989).

Umm Marwan
Sheikh Mohammed has a son from a separate marriage (divorced):
 Sheikh Marwan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 20 March 1981). He is married to Dalal Al Marzouqi and they have two sons:
 Mohammed bin Marwan Al Maktoum
 Rashid bin Marwan Al Maktoum (born 18 June 2013)

Zoe Grigorakos
Sheikh Mohammed was married to Mrs. Zoe Grigorakos (divorced). They have one daughter:
 Sheikha Mahra bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 26 February 1994). She is married to Sheikh Mana bin Mohammed bin Rashid bin Mana Al Maktoum since May 2023.

Dr. Dalya Al Muthanna
Sheikh Mohammed was married to Dr. Dalya Al Muthannna, President & CEO Gulf at GE. They have one daughter:
 Sheikha Haya bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 2 October 2000).

Honours
 : Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross awarded by President Jair Bolsonaro (12 November 2021).
 : Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) awarded by Queen Elizabeth II (25 November 2010).
 : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau awarded by Queen Beatrix (8 February 1974).

Ancestry

See also
 Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park
 Timeline of Dubai

References

Further reading
  Vision for governance.
  Talks about UAE independence & union.
  A number of insights into policy, attitude & approach to leadership.
 Dubai The Maktoum Story by John M. Smith; in English; a book which criticizes the governance of Sheikh Mohammed

External links

Official website of the UAE Government
The Official Website of the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Vision 2021

1949 births
Living people
Eclipse Award winners
Emirati billionaires
Emirati businesspeople
Emirati politicians
Emirati racehorse owners and breeders
Emirati Muslims
Emirati Sunni Muslims
Defense ministers of the United Arab Emirates
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Mohammed
Owners of Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winners
Owners of Prix Ganay winners
Vice presidents of the United Arab Emirates
Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates
Rulers of Dubai
People named in the Pandora Papers

Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum


An Smithsonia maculata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Nicol Alexander Dalzell, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Cecil John Saldanha. An Smithsonia maculata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Smithsonia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Smithsonia

Smithsonia maculata


La gare centrale d'Aarhus () est la principale gare ferroviaire de la ville d'Aarhus, la deuxième ville du Danemark par le nombre d'habitants, et également la plus grande gare au Danemark hors de la capitale. La gare est située au centre de la ville entre les quartiers de Midtbyen et de Frederiksbjerg, c'est-à-dire au sud du centre-ville historique d'Aarhus.

Situation ferroviaire

Établie à  d'altitude, la gare centrale d'Aarhus est le terminus nord de la ligne de Fredericia à Aarhus et la ligne d'Aarhus à Odder, ainsi que le terminus sud de la ligne d'Aarhus à Randers et la ligne d'Aarhus à Grenaa. En plus, une voie ferrée industrielle relie la gare centrale avec le port industriel d'Aarhus.

Les lignes vers Fredericia et Randers font partie de la ligne longitudinale du Jutland de l'est, une ligne de chemin de fer continue qui traverse toute la péninsule du Jutland et relie la frontière allemande au sud à la ville portuaire de Frederikshavn au nord. Depuis 2018 et 2019, les lignes vers Odder et Grenaa sont integrées à l'Aarhus Letbane, un système de transport en commun de type métro léger.

Histoire

Le chemin de fer apparaît à Aarhus en 1862, avec l'ouverture de la ligne ferroviaire d'Aarhus à Randers, la première ligne de chemin de fer au Jutland. La première gare ferroviaire d'Aarhus a ouvert ses portes le  en tant que terminus sud de cette ligne, construit par le consortium britannique Peto, Brassey et Betts. Elle était située près de l'actuelle rue Ryesgade, où sont également construits des bâtiments administratifs et des ateliers.

Déjà en 1884, une nouvelle gare plus grande est construite, à l'emplacement même du bâtiment de la gare actuelle. La deuxième gare a été construite dans le style néo-renaissance par le capitaine Thomas Arboe et le colonel W.A. Thulstrup et peut-être inspiré par la gare centrale de Bonn, qui a été construite en 1883-84.

L'actuelle gare centrale d'Aarhus a ouvert ses portes en 1929, d'après les dessins de l'architecte en chef de DSB, K.T. Seest.

Architecture

Service des voyageurs

Accueil

Desserte

Intermodalité

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport ferroviaire au Danemark
 DSB
 Arriva

Bibliographie

Liens externes
  sur le site officiel de DSB
  – gestionnaire d'infrastructure ferroviaire chargé de gérer la majorité du réseau ferroviaire du Danemark
  – entreprise ferroviaire publique chargée de l'exploitation de services de transport de voyageurs sur la plus grande partie du réseau ferroviaire du Danemark
  – prestataire de services de transport en commun

Aarhus
gare centrale
Gare mise en service en 1927

Gare centrale d'Aarhus


المنافسة المعمارية (Architectural design competition) هو نوع معين من المنافسة التي تتعلق بالعمارة أو تخطيط المدن. المسابقة تتألف من إجراءات تهدف إلى اكتساب من قبل القطاع العام أو الخاص لمشاريع معمارية إشارة إلى طلب محدد.

المنافسة المعمارية هي طريقة سريعة لإنتاج مفاهيم بديلة متعددة لتكون أساسا لصنع القرار، أداة ممتازة لضمان جودة البناء ولأيجاد حلول جديدة.

هدف المسابقات هو ايجاد (من بين الحلول المقترحة) حل مناسب للمفاهيم الإيكولوجية،
الاقتصادية والتقنية.

بالنسبة للمفوض، المنافسة هي وسيلة للحصول على مشروع ذو نوعية ولأيجاد شركاء من أجل تنفيذه. بالنسبة للمشارك، المسابقة تعطي أراء موضوعية على عمله وفرصة للحصول على جائزة. المسابقة، تعطي للمصممين المجهولين فرصة للشهرة.

أعمال المنافسة، بدون ذكر الأسماء، يُحكموا من هيئة تحكيم متأهلة. المفوض يضمن عدم ذكر أسماء الفائزين حتى هيئة تحكيم قد دققت كل الأعمال، وقدمت توصيات إلى المضي قدما. المشارك لة الحق في المساواة في تقدير عمله. وأخيراً تُعلن نتائج المسابقة وتقييمات لجنة التحكيم.

الحصول على الجائزة الأولى في منافسة لا يشكل ضمانا لإنجاز المشروع. ويجب على صاحب الموقع أن يكون قادرا على الحصول على تمويل للبناء، وعادة لديه الحق في الاعتراض على التصميم الفائز. مثلاً في المنافسة للمركز التجارة العالمي (World Trade Center) عام 2002 في مدينة نيويورك, من خطة التصميم الرئيسية ستستعمل فقط العناصر الأساسية للتصميم الفائز (من قبل دانيل ليبسكيند) في المشروع النهائي.

المنافسة المعمارية، كما هو معروف في كل منافسة سليمة، يمكن أن يكون لها أشكال عديدة ولكن دائما لها:
 دعوة، والتي تُحدد فيها (بشكل موجز) موضوع ومتطالبات المشروع، قواعد المنافسة والجدول الزمني ؛
 جائزة واحدة (أو أكثر) قد تكون من المال، من العطاء المهني أو ايطاً، في حالات نادرة، من جائزة اسمية)؛
 مرحلة المحاكمة، التي فيها الجهة الداعية للمنافسة (أو الجهة الموكلة: عادة هيئة تحكيم)، تختم المسابقة برأي تنتخب فية الفائز.

تاريخ
الأكروبوليس في اثينا كانت نتيجة مسابقة معمارية عقدت قبل 2500 عام، وفي العصور الوسطى أيضاً، كانت تُعقد مسابقات من أجل تخطيط الكاتدرائيات. المسابقات المعمارية اليوم يمكن اعتبارها استمرار للإجراءات التي وُضعت في أوائل عصر النهضة.

أهداف المسابقات المعمارية
 البحث عن نهج جديد
 ضمان جودة المشروع
 العثور على مقارنة لمفاهيم وبدائل مختلفة في وقت قصير
 إيجاد حل ممكن للتكلفة والأداء الوظيفي على حد سواء
 التحقيق من الجوانب البيئية والأقتصادية للبدائل المختلفة.
 تعزيز تنمية جديدة لأساليب التخطيط والتنفيذ
 اختيار المهندس المعماري على أساس الجودة وليس السعر
 كسب دعاية ايجابية لمشروع المسابقة

أنواع المنافسة
 منافسة أفكار,
منافسة الأفكار لا تهدف بصورة مباشرة إلى التحقيق، بل إلى مقارنة واسعة لموضوع معين له درجات من الغموض.
 منافسة تصميم,
تهدف إلى تحقيق مشروع واسناد مهمة تنفيذة إلى الفائز.
 منافسة-عقد,
هي مزيج تهدف إلى إعطاء عقد الأعمال شاملة التصميم. بعبارات بسيطة، المقاول (أو المطور) يدعي أن يُقدم مشروع التصميم مع عرض التنفيذ.
في الماضي كان هذا الإجراء يُطبق على نطاق أوسع بكثير بالنسبة للمنافسة الحالية. ويرجع ذلك لأن هذا الإجراء يوفر ضمانات وفرص أقل لمراقبة جودة للمشروع.
 صلة الموقع,
المنافسة يمكن تعريفها فيما يتعلق بأصل المشاركين. قد تكون إقليمية أو وطنية أو دولية.

أنواع الإجراءات
إجراءات المنافسة المعمارية يمكن ان تكون عديدة وتعتمد على الأهداف التي تضعها الهيئة المسؤلة. ونقدم فيما يلي بعض البدائل.

المنافسة المحدودة أو المفتوحة
مفتوحة هي إجراء لا يضع حدود لعدد المشاركين، بينما في المسابقة المحدودة يُوفر اختيار مسبق للمشاركين.

منافسة لمرحلة واحدة أو مراحل متعددة
المنافسة قد تكون في مرحلة، مع رأي على تسليم واحد لإعدادات المشروع الُمقترح، أو على أكثر من مرحلة. عموما المرحلة الثانية تتبع تصنيف لقائمة المشاركين، الذين قد يحصلوا على استرداد التكاليف.
هذا الإجراء يُستخدم عندما الجهة المسؤولة ترغب مرحلة متقدمة للمشاريع لتحسين قدرة الاختيار وللحصول على طائفة واسعة من الأفكار. استرداد النفقات يضمن الاستثمار للمهنيين الذين وصلوا إلى المرحلة الثانية.

محتويات المسابقة

1.موضوع المنافسة
تصميم وصياغة مشروع معماري الذي موضوعة يمكن أن يكون متحف, مستشفى, فندق... الخ.

1.1 وثيقة للتصميم الأولي -- إرشادات

2.1 تكاليف التنفيذ

2. إجراءات المسابقة

2.1 نوع المنافسة وإعلانها

2.1.1 الأشخاص المؤهلين للمشاركة
المسابقة مفتوحة للمهندسين المعماريين والمهندسين المسجلين في النقابات المهنية، الذي لهم الحق بالممارسة في التصميم في تاريخ نشر إشعار المنافسة، والذين يمتلكوا المهارات والخبرات اللازمة في موضوع المنافسة.
وكدا النقنيين دول الأفكار

2.1.2 كيفية المشاركة
المتنافسين الذين سيشاركون من خلال مجموعات أو في أي شكل آخر من أشكال المشاركة يجب أن يضمنوا عضو له الحق بممارسة المهنة في دولة المسابقة. كل عضو يمكنه المشاركة في مجموعة واحدة.

2.1.3 تحديد الاحتراف المطلوب
في نهاية المنافسة المفوض يبرم عقدا مع فائز المسابقة يتعلق بالتصميم النهائي والتنفيذي، وربما في أدارة العمل وتنسيق الأمن خلال عمليات التنفيذ وفي ظل التشريعات القائمة. الفائز في المسابقة يجب أن يدير مشاريع الهندسة المعمارية والهيكلية، وتكييف الهواء، والكهرباء، والأمن، وهلم جرا، وجزء لا يتجزأ ضرورة التنسيق بين هذه المشاريع لإعطاء المشروع النهائي كل التفاصيل أللازمة. يمكن للمشاركون في المسابقة استخدام استشاريين. يمكن للأستشاري ان يقدم حدماته التقنية لأكثر من منافس.

2.1.4 قواعد المنافسة ومراحلها
المنافسة يمكن ان تكون محدودة (أو مفتوحة)، يسبقها عادة مرحلة تأهيل، على النحو التالي :
اختيار المشاركين مفتوح لجميع المهندسين (كما في متطلبات المادة. 2.1.1.) إذا لم يكن هناك أسباب لاستبعادهم بموجب المادة. 2.6. في هذة المرحلة لا يوجد قائمة ولا مكافآت أو اعتراف.

2.2 أمينة (Secretary) المنافسة والأنترنت

2.3 معلومات
للمرشحين المختارين لمرحلة المنافسة يسلم على قرص مضغوط (أو سي دي روم) المعلومات التالية:
 وثيقة أولية للتصميم
 خريطة الموقع
 اورتوفوتو (صورة جوية معدلة) لموقع المشروع
 إطار المناطق الحضرية للموقع؛
 Planimetry للمنطقة المعنية ؛
 الحالة الحقيقة للمنطقة؛
 الطرق والخدمات
 صور توثيقية.

2.4 لجنة التحكيم

2.5 اللجنة الفنية

2.6 شروط الاستبعاد

3 مرحلة تأهيل

3.1 كيفية المشاركة

3.2 الوثائق المطلوبة
 سيرة ذاتية، تضمن صور لمشاريع ولنتائج التي تم التوصل إليها؛
 تقرير، لشرح منهجية تصميم المشروع المقترح وأسباب تكوين المجموعة ؛
 صور للمشاريع المنفذة (أو غير منفذة) التي شارك فيها المنافس (أو المجموعة).

3.3 الترتيبات مدة إنجاز وتسليم الأعمال

3.4 شروط ومدة مرحلة التقييم ومرحلة التأهيل
هيئة التحكيم، في مرحلة التأهيل، سوف تأخذ في الاعتبار :
 المزايا الثقافية لأعمال ومشاريع المشاركين ؛
 المقترحات والأفكار في مجال التصميم المعماري وفي تجديد المناطق الحضرية ؛
 الاتساق، نوعية، كفاية وتكامل المهارات والتخصصات المهنية بالنسبة للمشروع المقترح

3.5 نتيجة عمل لجنة التحكيم

4.1 المشاركة في مرحلة واحدة من المسابقة

4.2 أسئلة توضيحية

4.3 وثائق المنافسة وطريقة التسليم

4.3.1 رسومات
ينبغي تسليم 5، قياسِ A0 ِ ووضعهم على دعامات جامدة وخفيفة. الرسومات ينبغي ان تشمل ما يلي:
 لخطة العام للمنطقة مقياس 1:1000 مع إدراج المشروع المقترح وعلاقتة مع المساحات المحيطة (مناطق الحضرية، تنقل، إمكانية الوصول إليها، ومواقف السيارات)؛
 خطط المستويات الرئيسية، وتحديد مهام كل المجالات والمعلومات اللازمة لوصف دقيق للمشروع في نطاق 1:500؛
 مقاطع ومساقط راسية 1:500 وأجزاء منها 1:200
 مناظير (تصيير- rendering) لتوضيح خيارات التصميم، مقياس حر؛
 رسومات تتضمن أنماط تنظيم المساحات والطرق ورسومات بتفاصيل البناء، مفيدة لفهم العناصر المعمارية، المواد المستخدمة والتكنولوجيا المعتمدة، مقاس حر.
 4.3.2 تقرير، وصف معايير المشروع مع التحقق من الامتثال للتوجيهات المطلوبة؛ تقييم، بشكل عام، تكاليف تنفيذ المشروع، وإشارة إلى مراحل التنفيذ ؛ تنظيم أدوار ومسؤوليات إدارة المشروع.
 4.3.3 نسخ الرسومات
 4.3.4 نموذج حقيقي
 4.3.5 وسائط تخزين رقمية
 4.3.6 المغلف
 4.4 آخر موعد لتسليم الأعمال
 4.5 تحقق أولي للمشاريع
 4.6. أعمال لجنة التحكيم
 4.7 إعلان الفائز، وجائزة التعيين
 4.8 تسديد التكاليف
 5 ملكية أعمال المنافسة
 5.1 المشاريع المختارة في مرحلة المنافسة
 5.2 المشروع الفائز
 6اللغة
 7 استبعاد
 8 التقويم
 9النقل والتأمين
 10 رئيس الإجراءات
 11 قبول شروط الدعوة

روابط خارجية
 INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION
FOR MUSEUM OF MEDITERRANEAN NURAGIC AND CONTEMPORARY ART]
 مثال: قواعد المنافسة الدولية للتصميم معماري -New ECB- Rules for an International Architectural Design Competition

مصادر وحواشي
 منافسة تصميم معماري

منافسات
منافسة معمارية

منافسة تصميم معماري


توكونامي  هي مدينة تقع ضمن محافظة آيتشي في اليابان، تأسست في 4/1/1954، بلغ عدد تعداد سكانها في 1 يناير – 2008 حوالي 52837 مساحتها الإجمالية حوالي 55.63 كم2 لتصبح كثافة سكانها 950 نسمة لكل كيلو متر مربع.

توأمة
لتوكونامه (آيتشي) اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
 ماروغامه

أعلام

 أكيو موريتا

مراجع

توكونامه
مدن ساحلية في اليابان
مدن محافظة آيتشي

توكونامه (آيتشي)


Forholdsordsled (præpositionsled) består af et forholdsord med tilhørende styrelse, fx
gennem gården, til middag, mod forventning, uden ansvar, om torsdagen, på opfordring, bag facaden, i værelset, over forventning, under sengen, foran butikken, mellem tænderne.

Forholdsordet (præpositionen) styrer en kasus, på dansk oblik kasus, på fx tysk akkusativ, genitiv eller dativ; på latin yderligere ablativ. Styrelsen er det navneord (substantiv), der styres, og som sættes i kasus, bøjningsform.

Referencer

Grammatik

Forholdsordsled


El municipio de Tuzantla es uno de los 113 municipios en que se divide el estado mexicano de Michoacán de Ocampo. Localizado en la Tierra Caliente, su cabecera es el pueblo de Tuzantla.

Toponimia
El nombre Tuzantla se interpreta como «en donde abundan tuzas», en referencia al mamífero roedor conocido con ese nombre. Cecilio Robelo, en su obra Toponimia Tarasco-Hispano-Nahoa indica que proviene del náhuatl y se traduce como «lugar de tuzas».

Geografía
Tuzantla se encuentra localizado en el extremo este del estado de Michoacán en la zona de la Tierra Caliente, tiene una extensión territorial de  km², que representan el 1.73% del territorio estatal; sus coordenadas geográficas extremas son 19º 00' - 19° 27' de latitud norte y 100º 26' - 100° 47' de longitud oeste, su altitud va de un mínimo de 500 a un máximo de 2 700 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

Limita al este con el municipio de Juárez; al noreste con el municipio de Jungapeo; al noroeste con el municipio de Tzitzio; al norte con el municipio de Hidalgo; al sureste con el municipio de Susupuato; al suroeste municipio de Tiquicheo de Nicolás Romero, y al sureste municipio de Luvianos, en el Estado de México.

Junto con los municipios de Angangueo, Aporo, Contepec, Epitacio Huerta, Hidalgo, Irimbo, Juárez, Jungapeo, Maravatío, Ocampo, Senguio, Susupuato, Tiquicheo de Nicolás Romero, Tlalpujahua, Tuxpan, Tzitzio y Zitácuaro, integra la Región 4. Oriente.

Demografía
La población total del municipio de Tuzantla es de  habitantes lo que representa un decrecimiento promedio de -1.3% anual en el período 2010-2020 sobre la base de los  habitantes registrados en el censo anterior. Al año 2020 la densidad del municipio era de  hab/km².

En el año 2010 estaba clasificado como un municipio de grado medio de vulnerabilidad social, con el 38.74% de su población en estado de pobreza extrema.

La población del municipio está mayoritariamente alfabetizada (21.22% de personas mayores de 15 años analfabetas al año 2010) con un grado de escolarización en torno de los 5 años. Solo el 0.18% de la población se reconoce como indígena.

El 96.10% de la población profesa la religión católica. El 2.75% adhiere a las iglesias Protestantes, Evangélicas y Bíblicas.

Localidades
El municipio de Tuzantla se integra por 193 localidades, las principales por su población son las siguientes: Las localidades más pobladas al año 2020 son:

Educación y salud
En 2010 el municipio contaba con escuelas preescolares, primarias, secundarias y cuatro escuelas de formación media (bachilleratos). Las unidades médicas en el municipio eran 15, con un total de personal médico de 38 personas.
El 49.8% de la población de 15 años o más ( personas) no había completado la educación básica, carencia social calificada como rezago educativo. El 45.9% de la población ( personas) no tenía acceso a servicios de salud.

Política
El gobierno le corresponde, como en todos los municipios de México, al Ayuntamiento que es electo mediante voto universal, directo y secreto para un periodo de tres años no reelegibles para el periodo inmediato pero si de forma no continua y está conformado por el Presidente municipal, un síndico y el cabildo integrado por siete regidores, cuatro electo por mayoría y tres por el principio de representación proporcional; todos entran a ejercer su cargo el día 1 de enero del año siguiente a su elección.

Subdivisión administrativa
El gobierno interior de los municipios corresponde a los jefes de tenencia y a los encargados del orden que son electos por pleibiscito para un periodo de tres años, en Tuzantla existen tres jefaturas de tenencia y 64 encargados del orden.

Representación legislativa
Para la elección de diputados al Congreso de Michoacán y a la Cámara de Diputados, el municipio de Tuzantla se encuentra integrado en los siguientes distritos electorales:

Local:
 XVIII Distrito Electoral Local de Michoacán con cabecera en la ciudad de Huetamo.

Federal:
 III Distrito Electoral Federal de Michoacán con cabecera en la ciudad de Zitácuaro.

Referencias

Fuentes

Municipios del estado de Michoacán
Toponimia náhuatl de Michoacán

Municipio de Tuzantla


Die folgenden Personen waren Weihbischöfe im Erzbistum Posen (Polen):

Bistum Posen

Erzbistum Gnesen-Posen ab 1821

Erzbistum Poznań ab 1948

Weblinks

Posen, Weihbischofe

Liste der Weihbischöfe in Posen


Teohari Antonescu (n. 1 septembrie 1866, București – d. 11 ianuarie 1910 la Iași) a fost un arheolog, istoric, epigrafist și pedagog universitar român, membru al societății Junimea.

Date biografice
S-a născut în București, la 1 septembrie 1866, în familia micului negustor Petru Antonescu. Teohari nu și-a cunoscut tatăl, întrucât tatăl său a decedat înaintea nașterii sale. Mama sa, Alexandrina (Lucșița) Antonescu, s-a recăsătorit foarte repede, devenind Petrescu. Din propriile sale mărturii, Teohari nu a avut o copilărie fericită.

Educație
A urmat cursurile Gimnaziului (azi Colegiul Național "Ion Maiorescu") din Giurgiu.

A terminat studiile secundare și universitare la București (1889). A absolvit Facultatea de Litere a Universității din București (1890). Aici i-a avut ca profesori pe Alexandru Odobescu (arheologie), pe Grigore G. Tocilescu (istorie veche) și pe Titu Maiorescu (logică). Încă din anul II de studenție a intrat în atenția profesorului Titu Maiorescu, care îl alege pentru echipa ce va prelua conducerea la Convorbiri literare. Odobescu îi coordonează licența, având ca temă Cultul cabirilor în Dacia. Această lucrare a fost structurată în patru părți: "Monumentele cabirice din Dacia", "Originea și ideea fundamentală a culturii cabirilor", "Răspândirea cultului cabirilor" și "Cabirii din Dacia". Întreaga lucrare s-a axat pe studiul credințelor religioase din România și a reprezentării acestora sub forma diferitelor monumente.

Și-a făcut specializarea la Paris, Berlin, Munchen, Heidelberg. A efectuat călătorii de studii în Italia și Grecia.

Activitate
A fost printre primii specialiști români în epigrafia elină și romană.

Societatea Junimea
Teohari Antonescu a fost unul din membri Societății Junimea, la ale cărui adunări a participat frecvent, fiind foarte dedicat țelurilor acesteia. Teohari Antonescu a fost "deosebit de activ în a remobiliza pe vechii junimiști rămași la Iași, intrați într-un soi de letargie, mulțumiți cu palide și solitare activități intelectuale."

Viață academică
Numit în 1894 profesor de arheologie, la catedra provizorie de arheologie a Universității din Iași, odată cu numirea lui P.P. Negulescu la cea de filosofie, Teohari Antonescu obține titulatura la catedra Arheologie și antichități, înființată în 1896, prin decretul regal numărul 366 din 22 ianuarie 1899. Între 1895 și 1902 va suplini, adesea, catedra lui Petru Rășcanu, de "Istoria antică, epigrafie și geografie", pentru perioada cât acesta fusese numit în funcția de inspector general al învățământului secundar din județul Iași.

În prelegerile sale de la Universitate a realizat unitatea dintre studiile de istorie și cele de arheologie. Studenții de la Iași aveau pentru prima oară posibilitatea să audieze cursuri despre antichitatea îndepărtată, despre lumea orientală și greco-romană. A avut preocupări privind originea arienilor, literatura egipteană și chaldeană.

Colaborarea la Enciclopedia Diaconovich
Enciclopedia este prima apărută în cultura română, în teritoriul Transilvaniei, aflată în acea perioadă sub administrația Austro-Ungariei. A fost tipărită la inițiativa ASTREI de către editura W. Krafft, în condiții grafice bune. Opera cuprinde trei tomuri (1898-1904): tomul I (A - Copenhaga), tomul al II-lea (Copepode - Keman) și tomul al III-lea (Kemet - Zymotic).

Viață privată
A fost căsătorit cu Eugenia Vârgolici, fiica universitarului și junimistului Ștefan Vârgolici.

Au avut o fiică, Eugenia T. Antonescu, rămasă orfană la 16 ani. Măritându-se la 18 ani, nu a mai urmat cursurile unei facultăți. Soțul ei a fost latinistul Teodor Naum, profesor la Universitatea din Cluj.

Istoricul a decedat la  43 de ani, în ziua 11 ianuarie 1910 (la orele 15.30), "răpus de un cancer al rărunchiului".

Omagiu
La sugestia savantului Ion Andrieșescu, Muzeul Județean din Giurgiu, înființat în 1934, a primit numele lui Teohari Antonescu. Muzeul îi poartă numele în perioada 1934-1948 și începând cu anul 1993.

Operă

Lucrări științifice

 1889 - Lucrarea de licență - Cultul cabirilor în Dacia
1901 - Lumi uitate - Studii literare și archeologice - Iași - Tipografia Editoare Dacia P.Iliescu și D. Grossu
1905 - Le trophee d'Adamclissi. Etude archeologique - Jassy
1906 - Cetatea Sarmizegetusa - reconstitutită după Columna Traiana și ruinele din Grădiștea
1906 - Știința sau Vandalismul d-lui Tocilescu - Lipsa unei metode de cercetare a ruinelor - Iași
1906 - Săpăturile d-lui Tocilescu la cetatea Drobetae. Nimicirea unei stațiuni istorice importante - Iași
1910 - Columna lui Traian, studiată din punct de vedere arheologic, geografic și artistic - Iași

Publicate în Convorbiri literare (listă incompletă)

 Dacia, patria primitivă a popoarelor ariane (1895 nr. 5);
 Manifestările artistice în raport cu rasa, (1895, nr. 10);
 Descoperirile din Troia, (1895, nr. 12);
 Activitatea științifică a lui Alexandru Odobescu (1897, nr. 3-4);
 Originea egiptenilor și semiților (1897, nr. 11 și 12);
 Din lumea Chaldee (1898, nr. 4);
 Epopeea lui Izdubar (1898, nr. 5);
 Priviri asupra filosofiei Upanișadelor (1899);
 Din literatura egipteană (1901, nr. 3);
 Cum s-a format Preistoria (1901, nr. 11);
 Originile omului (1902, nr. 6);
 Buddhismul și Nirvana (1903, nr. 9);
 Trofeul de la Adamclisi (1906, nr. 3-5);
 Culele sunt sau nu naționale? (1907, nr. 5).

Vezi și
 Muzeul Județean "Teohari Antonescu"

Note

Bibliografie
 Emil Diaconescu: Teohari Antonescu - Înaintaș al muzeografiei românești - articol pe biblioteca-digitala.ro, www.cimec.ro/ www.palatulculturii.ro, accesat 20 ianuarie 2021
 Emil Păunescu, Dimitrie Ovidiu Boldur: Teohari Antonescu - Scrieri arheologice uitate, Editura Pelican, 2011, ISBN 978-973-1993-15-7 -- pe www.muzeulgiurgiu.ro, accesat 20 ianuarie 2021

Legături externe
 Jurnal (1893 - 1908)—ediție realizată, îngrijită, studiu introductiv și note de Lucian Năstasă
 Muzeul județean din Giurgiu ''Teohari Antonescu

Nașteri în 1866
Nașteri pe 1 septembrie
Decese în 1910
Decese pe 11 ianuarie
Arheologi români
Autori români
Bucureșteni
Istorici români
Oameni asociați cu Societatea Junimea
Profesori universitari români
Români din secolul al XIX-lea
Români din secolul al XX-lea

Teohari Antonescu


Carlos Caride fue un guerrillero que nació el 31 de octubre de 1940 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y falleció el 28 de mayo de 1976 en Buenos Aires, Argentina en un enfrentamiento con la policía cuando intentaba apoderarse de armas. Fue uno de los fundadores de la organización guerrillera Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas y luego militó en la agrupación Montoneros.

Actividad política inicial
Pertenecía a una familia modesta del barrio de San Telmo y al ocurrir el golpe de Estado del 16 de junio de 1955 estuvo entre quienes acudieron a la Plaza de Mayo en defensa del gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón. Trabajó como mensajero en el Correo  a los 15 años y hacia fines de 1957 se incorpora al Comando Centro, que se reunía en la esquina de Corrientes y Esmeralda y realizaban acciones contra la dictadura gobernante, primero con panfletos y manifestaciones relámpago y luego con atentados con bombas caseras.

Tuvo relación con otros jóvenes que en ese momento participaban del movimiento de Resistencia Peronista como Jorge Rulli, Envar El Kadri, Héctor Spina y Gustavo Rearte y también con sindicalistas como Julio Troxler, Jorge Fernando Di Pascuale, Sebastián Borro y Andrés Framini. Se integró a la Juventud Peronista y después de la elección de Arturo Frondizi como presidente continuó con las acciones de resistencia;  cuando se forma la Mesa Directiva de la JP a fines de 1961 es nombrado responsable de seguridad.

Por esa época el grupo tiene relación con otras agrupaciones que habían elegido la vía de la lucha armada como los Uturuncos, un foco guerrillero rural peronista cuya primera acción fue el asalto a la comisaría de Frías (segunda población de importancia en la provincia de Santiago del Estero el 25 de diciembre de 1959 pero que, mal entrenado y carente de apoyo entre la población, quedó desbaratado en poco tiempo por las fuerzas de seguridad. También con el general Miguel Ángel Iñiguez, un exmilitar peronista que preparó un golpe de Estado para el mes de noviembre de 1960, que fracasó antes de estallar, y que terminó años después en las fuerzas de choque del ala derecha del peronismo.

Homicidio de la estudiante Norma Beatriz Melena
Caride también se relacionó con grupos nacionalistas del peronismo. El 9 de junio de 1962 se realizó un acto en el bar de la Facultad de Derecho como homenaje al intento de golpe de Estado del mismo día de 1956. Cuando un estudiante estaba hablando parado sobre una mesa, otro lo interrumpió e increpó "por qué no se hace también un homenaje a los hermanos Cardoso".  Había un grupo de personas que venía a proteger a los oradores; en el mismo se encontraban integrantes de las agrupaciones estudiantiles nacionalistas Sindicato de Derecho y Asociación Nacional de Estudiantes de Derecho y otras personas que no eran estudiantes entre los que estaban Ricardo Polidoro, un militante de la Organización Tacuara y Carlos Caride, quienes en ese momento comenzaron a disparar, sin que del sumario administrativo ni del juicio penal posteriores surgiera que hubiera existido un enfrentamiento entre dos bandos. Uno de los disparos alcanzó y mató a la estudiante de asistente social Norma Beatriz Melena que no participaba del acto y sólo pasaba en las cercanías.
La sentencia de primera instancia, confirmada por la Cámara de Apelaciones condenó por "homicidio y lesiones en riña" e "intimidación pública" a Polidoro a 4 años de cárcel y Caride a 6 años.

Caride estuvo preso primero en la Cárcel de Caseros y después en el penal de Resistencia, provincia del Chaco, donde aprovecha a estudiar pensadores de la llamada izquierda nacional como Juan José Hernández Arregui y Jorge Abelardo Ramos. Todavía cumpliendo la pena, fue nombrado director de la revista ''Trinchera'' en su segunda etapa..

Hacia 1963 un grupo dirigido por Rearte había formado la Juventud Revolucionaria Peronista, con una posición muy crítica del papel del sindicalismo y la conducción partidaria peronistas, separándose de la agrupación originaria. En los debates sobre la acción armada y la acción política, Caride estaba a favor de una organización para la lucha guerrillera que no fuera antagónica con las estructuras políticas y gremiales del peronismo.

Cuando sale de prisión Caride es uno de los fundadores de la organización guerrillera Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas, que pretendía combinar la guerrilla rural influenciada por el caso cubano y la urbana, de inspiración tupamara.

En 1968, las FAP instalaron un campamento integrado por 14 guerrilleros (13 varones y una mujer: Amanda Peralta), denominado "El Plumerillo", en la localidad de Taco Ralo, provincia de Tucumán, con el fin de realizar entrenamiento militar. El 19 de septiembre de 1968 el grupo fue sorprendido por la Policía, que los puso a disposición de la justicia y por su parte Caride pasó a la clandestinidad.

Homicidio del oficial de policía Jorge Mattos y encarcelamiento
En abril de 1969 cuando se encontraba en su departamento con otros dos militantes, su compañera Aída Filippini y Miguel Zavala Rodríguez resisten un allanamiento, en el enfrentamiento matan al oficial de policía Jorge Mattos y fueron detenidos.

Las FAP reaparecieron en 1969 y 1970 con varias acciones de guerrilla urbana y en 1971 tuvieron una división cuando un grupo impulsó una orientación "clasista", más cercana al marxismo, postulando una organización autónoma respecto de las estructuras del peronismo, en tanto el otro, denominado "oscuro" o "movientista", apoyados en textos de El Kadri se oponían a ella. Caride adhirió a esta última postura y tanto él como El Kadri adhirieron al sector "movientista" y fueron marginados de la organización que tenían las FAP dentro de la cárcel.

Caride participó de una huelga de hambre realizada en julio de 1972 por las condiciones del encarcelamiento de detenidos políticos en el buque Granaderos y unos pocos meses después fue trasladado, primero al penal de Rawson, provincia de Chubut y luego al buque Granaderos.

Elecciones y liberación
La candidatura de Héctor J. Cámpora a la presidencia de la Nación en las elecciones convocadas por el gobierno militar suscitó en las FAP una discusión en la que Caride, El Kadri, Néstor Verdinelli y Samuel Leonardo Slutzky apoyaban al candidato desde la unidad penitenciaria 9 de La Plata. Cámpora ganó y al asumir el cargo el 25 de mayo de 1973 los presos políticos fueron liberados. El gobernador de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Oscar Bidegain, que ese mismo año lo había visitado en la cárcel, le da el cargo de Director de Defensa Civil y luego el de inspector de casinos en Mar del Plata, donde a principios de 1974 conoce a Norma Burgos que fue su pareja hasta su muerte y con la que tuvo dos hijas, y ambos regresan a Buenos Aires.

Caride participó como delegado de las FAP en los preparativos dentro del convulsionado peronismo del recibimiento a Perón, concurrió al mismo en la columna de Peronismo de Base y presenció desde el palco el enfrentamiento entre fracciones que luego se conoció como Masacre de Ezeiza.

Después que el 27 de agosto de 1973 las FAP asesinaron al dirigente sindical de los obreros de la construcción Marcelino Mansilla, el sector encabezado por El Kadri y Caride se separó de la organización y fundan FAP-17 de octubre y con críticas a la vía de la lucha armada apoyan decididamente la candidatura de Perón a la presidencia en las elecciones recién convocadas por la renuncia de Cámpora.

En marzo de 1974 el comisario Luis Margaride lo detuvo, acusándolo de participar con El Kadri y Troxler en un complot para matar a Perón, a los tres meses fue liberado. Meses después Caride rompió con las FAP-17 de octubre y se unió a Montoneros sin que lo siguieran sus compañeros de organización.
En el acto del 1° de mayo de 1974 condujo una de las columnas de Montoneros que se retiró de la Plaza de Mayo en desacuerdo con las expresiones que tuvo el presidente Perón en su discurso. Su última aparición pública fue en el entierro de Troxler, asesinado el 20 de septiembre de 1974 por la Triple A.

El 28 de mayo de 1976 mientras participaba de un intento de apoderamiento de armas fue muerto por la policía en el intercambio de disparos, ocasión en que Roberto Carri que lo acompañaba fue gravemente herido. Su cuerpo fue llevado por sus compañeros y enterrado en un jardín.

Su esposa Norma Burgos estuvo detenida-desaparecida en el centro de detención clandestino ubicado en la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada entre 1977 y 1979, en que fue liberada.

Notas

Referencias

Líderes de Montoneros
Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas
Fallecidos por disparos de arma de fuego
Víctimas del Terrorismo de Estado en Argentina
Militantes de Peronismo de Base

Carlos Caride


{{Ficha de deportista
| imagen = Jon Scheyer (cropped).jpg
| nombre = Jon Scheyer
| nombrecompleto = Jonathan James Scheyer
| apodo =
| fecha nacimiento =
| lugar nacimiento = Northbrook, Illinois
| nacionalidad =
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| universidad = Universidad de Duke
| draft =
| club = Universidad de Duke Entrenador asistente
| numero =
| liga = NCAA
| posición = Escolta
| equipos =
Jugador
 Rio Grande Vipers (2010-2011)
 Maccabi Tel-Aviv (2011-2012)
 Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria (2012-2013)
Entrenador
Universidad de Duke (2013-), (Asist.)
| títulos =
 Campeón de la NCAA (2010)
 Campeón de la ABA Liga (2012)
}}Jonathan James Scheyer, conocido como Jon Scheyer''' (Northbrook, Illinois 24 de agosto 1987) es un exjugador y entrenador de baloncesto estadounidense con pasaporte israelí. Con 1.96 de estatura, jugaba en la posición de escolta. En la actualidad es entrenador asistente en la Universidad de Duke.

Trayectoria
Jon fue ganador de la NCAA en 2010, convirtiéndose en toda una leyenda en este equipo. En los Blue Devils jugaba junto a muchos famosos jugadores de baloncesto como Kyle Singler, Pocius, o Dolan Smith.

En abril de 2013 se retira de la práctica activa del baloncesto con únicamente 25 años, ya que acepta la oferta para incorporarse al personal técnico de Mike Krzyzewski en la Universidad de Duke.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Ficha en ACB.com
 Ficha en sports reference
 Ficha en basketball reference

Baloncestistas de Illinois
Baloncestistas de Israel
Baloncestistas de la Liga ACB
Israelí-estadounidenses
Baloncestistas del Maccabi Tel Aviv
Baloncestistas de los Duke Blue Devils
Baloncestistas del Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria
Entrenadores de baloncesto de Estados Unidos

Jon Scheyer


Der Maralinga-Meteorit wurde 1974 entdeckt, allerdings erst 1989 als Meteorit erkannt.

Gefunden wurde er 35 Kilometer entfernt von Maralinga in South Australia. Der verwitterte Stein hatte ein Gewicht von 3,38 Kilogramm. Eingeordnet wurde er als Steinmeteorit, als metamorpher Kohliger Chondrit (CK4-Typ), obwohl er starke Ähnlichkeiten zu den CV-Typen aufweist.

Der Meteorit enthält 47 %  porphyrische Olivine, 20 % körnige Olivine, 15 % porphyrische Olivin-Pyroxene, 9 % gitterförmige Olivine, 2 % radial angeordnete Olivine und 3 % Objekte aus Kalzium und Aluminium.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Meteoriten

Weblinks
 meteorites.com.au: Abbildungen eines 13,8 Gramm schweren Teilstücks des Maralinga
 Maralinga. The Meteoritical Society (MetSoc).

Einzelnachweise

Meteorit
Geographie (South Australia)

Maralinga-Meteorit


Book entry is a system of tracking ownership of securities where no certificate is given to investors. Several terms are often used interchangeably with "book entry" shares including "paperless shares", "electronic shares", "digital shares", "digital stock certificates", and "uncertificated shares". Some of these terms have somewhat different connotations but, at least in the United States, state securities laws only recognize certificated and uncertificated shares.   In the case of book-entry-only (BEO) issues, while investors do not receive certificates, a custodian holds one or more global certificates. Dematerialized securities, in contrast, are ones in which no certificates exist; instead, the security issuer, its agent or a central securities depository keeps records, usually electronically of who holds outstanding securities.

Most investors who use an online broker or even a regular full-service broker will have their shares held in book-entry form. This is generally convenient, as one does not have to preserve physical stock certificates, and can buy/sell securities without turning certificates in or having new ones issued. Also, replacement costs for certificates are high in case one loses them, while book-entry ownership can never be lost thanks to technological backups.

Direct Registration System
On August 8, 2006, the SEC approved a rule changed by NASDAQ, NYSE and AMEX requiring all listed securities (except certain debt securities) to be eligible for a direct registration system ("DRS") as of March 31, 2008. DRS is an entirely electronic book-entry style system that does not involve physical stock certificates. The rule change does not eliminate physical certificates, but requires issuers to be eligible for entirely electronic recording of securities ownership.

Private companies
Adoption of book-entry systems among private companies has lagged adoption among public companies, public company transfer agents, and broker-dealers. This may be due to a number of misunderstandings and challenges unique to private company security issuance but, regardless, data suggest adoption of book-entry systems among private companies is growing rapidly.

References

Securities (finance)

Book entry


Prvenstvo Nogometnog saveza općine Split, također kao i Splitska liga, Općinska nogometna liga Split,  je bila liga šestog ranga natjecanja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1990./91.
Sudjelovala je ukupno pet klubova, a prvak je bio OSK Otok iz Otoka.

Ljestvica
{| class="wikitable"
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|1. ||OSK Otok ||12 ||10 ||2 ||0 ||36 ||7 ||22
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|2. ||Domagoj Konjsko ||12 ||4 ||3 ||5 ||12 ||15 ||11
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|3. ||Prugovo ||12 ||3 ||3 ||6 ||11 ||27 ||9
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|4. ||Mladost Koprivno ||12 ||1 ||4 ||7 ||14 ||24 ||6
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| ||Rašeljka Gornji Vinjani ||colspan="7" align="center"|  <small> odustali od natjecanja
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 Rezultatska križaljka

 Povezani članci
 Dalmatinska liga – Srednja skupina 1990./91.

 Izvori

 nk-oskotok.bloger.index.hr, NK OSK Otok - Sezone OSK-a kroz povijest (SFRJ) , objavljeno 9. lipnja 2011., pristupljeno 29. listopada 2017.
 Frano Šušić-Jurić: 50 godina Nogometnog kluba OSK'', Otok, 2019., , str. 83-84

1990-91
1990-91 Split
Split

Prvenstvo NSO Split 1990./91.


Road to Singapore este un film de comedie american din 1940, regizat de Victor Schertzinger. În rolurile principale joacă actorii Bob Hope, Bing Crosby și Dorothy Lamour.

Distribuție
 Bing Crosby — Joshua "Josh" Mallon V
 Bob Hope — Ace Lannigan
 Dorothy Lamour — Mima
 Charles Coburn — Joshua Mallon IV
 Judith Barrett — Gloria Wycott
 Anthony Quinn — Caeser
 Jerry Colonna — Achilles Bombanassa

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1940
Filme în limba engleză
Filme americane
Filme de comedie americane
Filme de comedie din anii 1940
Filme de comedie
Filme de dragoste
Filme muzicale
Filme Paramount Pictures

Road to Singapore


Alexander Hartmann Bah (Årslev, 9 de Dezembro de 1997), é um jogador de futebol profissional dinamarquês que joga como lateral direito no Benfica.

Início de vida
Nasceu em Årslev, na ilha de Fiónia, Dinamarca, e é descendente de Gambianos. Mais tarde, ele frequentou a educação efterskole no ISI Idrætsefterskole em Ikast, onde também fez aparições pelo Ikast FS local.

Depois de passar pela academia de juniores de Næsby, ele foi promovido ao time titular em 2016 e, mais tarde, representou o HB Køge, também dinamarquês, e passou dois anos no SønderjyskE na Superliga dinamarquesa. Em janeiro de 2021, Bah ingressou no Slavia Praga, onde conquistou a Primeira Liga Tcheca e a Copa Tcheca em 2021 e foi eleito o Defensor da Temporada da Primeira Liga Tcheca em 2022, sendo depois transferido para o Benfica por € 8 milhões.

Depois de representar a Dinamarca em vários níveis juvenis, Bah foi convocado para a seleção internacional completa pela primeira vez em novembro de 2020. Ele marcou em sua estreia internacional contra a Suécia.

Carreira no clube

Início de carreira
Começou sua carreira no futebol no clube local Aarslev Boldklub, antes de se mudar para a academia de juniores do FC Fyn. Lá ele jogou até o clube falir em janeiro de 2013. Ele então se mudou para o Næsby Boldklub na primavera de 2013, porque o clube de acordo com Bah "[...] tinha uma boa reputação por desenvolver jovens jogadores". Além disso, seu técnico de juniores, Andreas Bech, também se mudou para Næsby Boldklub, o que também foi um fator significativo na escolha de Bah. Depois de frequentar o ISI Idrætsefterskole em Ikast em 2014–15, ele voltou para Næsby.

Næsby Boldklub
Fez sua estreia na primeira equipe de Næsby Boldklub na primavera de 2016. Começou no banco nas três primeiras partidas da temporada, onde impressionou como reserva. Ele estreou na quarta rodada da primavera contra o Avarta em 2 de abril de 2016, que Næsby venceu por 4 a 0 em casa na ALPI Arena Næsby, apresentando um forte desempenho. Ele continuou a temporada como titular durante a primavera de 2016, onde fez um total de seis assistências em 16 partidas na 2ª divisão dinamarquesa da terceira divisão.

Benfica
Em 7 de junho de 2022, Bah assinou um contrato de cinco anos com o Benfica, da Primeira Liga, por uma verba de € 8 milhões, juntando-se ao ex-companheiro de equipe do Slavia Praga, Petar Musa. Ele fez sua estreia pelo clube em 5 de agosto, substituindo Gilberto aos 63 minutos e dando assistência para o gol de Rafa Silva na vitória por 4 a 0 em casa sobre o Arouca na Primeira Liga.

carreira internacional
Representou a Dinamarca nos sub-20 e sub-21, num total de 2 internacionalizações.

Em 9 de novembro de 2020, foi convocado para a seleção principal de Kasper Hjulmand para o amistoso contra a Suécia devido a vários cancelamentos de, entre outros, jogadores da seleção dinamarquesa que jogam na Inglaterra, devido às restrições do COVID-19, bem como um caso de COVID-19 no plantel, que colocou vários jogadores da seleção nacional em quarentena. Ele entrou como reserva no intervalo durante a partida contra a Suécia e marcou o gol final na vitória por 2 a 0 no Brøndby Stadium em sua partida de estreia, em 11 de novembro de 2020.

Estilo de jogo
Conhecido principalmente por sua velocidade, energia e capacidade ofensiva, além de sua técnica, criatividade e capacidade de cruzamento. Ele é capaz de jogar como lateral ou lateral na lateral direita. É um jogador agressivo, que ataca os espaços e busca quebrar bloqueios profundos com passes certeiros, capaz de receber um passe da lateral e encontrar a marca do pênalti com um cruzamento certeiro para permitir a conversão do companheiro.

Scores and results list Denmark's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bah goal.

Honras
Benfica
Primeira Liga: 2022–23
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2023

Individual

 Talento do Ano da 1ª Divisão Dinamarquesa : 2017
 Defensor da temporada da Primeira Liga Tcheca : 2022

Futebolistas da Dinamarca
Futebolistas do SønderjyskE Fodbold
Futebolistas do SK Slavia Praha
Futebolistas do Sport Lisboa e Benfica
Dinamarqueses expatriados em Portugal
Jogadores da Seleção Dinamarquesa de Futebol
Jogadores da Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2022

Alexander Bah


An Brachiaria megastachya in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck ngan Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Fernando Omar Zuloaga och Thomas Robert Soderstrom. An Brachiaria megastachya in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachiaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachiaria

Brachiaria megastachya