المعالم التاريخية منذ زمن بعيد والمعالم التاريخية تفسر على أنها أبنية، ومنشآت، ومواقع أثرية، ولكن تغير هذا المنظور مؤخرا نتيجة لكثرة الدراسات حول الإنسان والتنوع العرقي والخلفيات الاقتصادية لهم وعلاقاتهم بالموارد التاريخية. أطياف أوسع من أنواع الموارد يمكن ملاحظتها حالياً، وازداد الوعي بها أيضاً، مع احترام القيم المختلفة والمشاركة في المورد التاريخي. كلا العاملين ساهما في تطوير مفهوم أوسع ونظرة قدسية للبيئة التاريخية المحيطة وذلك من خلال استخدام المصطلح الجديد «المواقع الحضارية».

المعلم
من المفيد والمهم جداً تصنيف أي معلمة تاريخية بعد اكتشافه. وهناك قاعدة معايير الموارد للتصنيف الأولي. يعتمد بعضها إلى التصنيف الأكثر تفصيلا والذي يعتمد على حالة ظهور العناصر المساهمة في أهمية المعلمة التاريخية. إلا أن القاعدة الرئيسية في تصنيف المعالم التاريخية اعتمدت خمسة أنواع أساسية تندرج ضمنها أغلب أنواع المعالم التاريخية المتواجدة:

 المبنى Building: البناء مثل؛ البيوت، الحظائر، الكنائس، الفنادق، أو منشآت مشابهة خلقت أساسا كملجأ لأي نوع من النشاطات الإنسانية. «البناء» هو مصطلح قد يستخدم أيضا للتعبير عن الوحدات التاريخية أو الوظيفية المساندة، مثل؛ المحكمة والسجن، أو البيت والحظيرة.
 المنشأ Structure: يستخدم هذا المصطلح لتمييز المنشآت عن الأبنية- المنشآت ذات الوظائف- والمنشآت صنعت غالبا لأهداف تختلف عن كونها ملجأ للإنسان ونشاطاته كالجسور والأقنية وغيرها.
 الأشياء Objects: مصطلح «شيء» يستخدم عادة لتمييزها عن المنشآت والأبنية، ويعبر عن الهياكل التي غالبا ما تكون طبيعتها فنبة، صغيرة الحجم أو المقياس، أو بسيطة التشكيل. كما أنها قد تكون طبيعية أو مصممة، متحركة (منقولة), أو عنصر مساهم في تنظيم أو بيئة محددة.
 الموقع Site: الموقع هو مكان حدث مميز، أو فعالية أو إشغال تاريخي أو ما قبل التاريخ. أو عبارة عن منشأ أو بناء إما يقف وحده ثابتا، أو تحول إلى أطلال أو بقايا، أو حتى اندثر وبقي موقعه بحد ذاته ذو قيمة تاريخية أو حضارية أو آثارية، ًًوبغض النظر عن قيمة أي منشأ آخر قائم ومجاور له.
 المنطقة District: قد تمتلك المنطقة تميزاً مركزاً في ذاتها، أو تمثل رابطاً بين مواقع إشغال أو نشاط تاريخي، أو كاستمرارية لموقع هام، أبنية، منشآت، أو توحد بين عناصر تاريخية أو جمالية متناثرة من خلال المخطط أو التطوير الحسي الملموس.

المراجع

تاريخ

المعالم التاريخية


Moshe Zalman Feiglin (, born 31 July 1962) is an Israeli politician and activist, and the leader of libertarian Zionist party Zehut. A member of Likud, he headed the Manhigut Yehudit (Jewish Leadership) faction within the party, and represented Likud in the Knesset between 2013 and 2015.

Prior to becoming a Knesset member, Feiglin co-founded the Zo Artzeinu ("This is our Land") movement with Shmuel Sackett in 1993 to protest the Oslo Accords. On 8 August 1995, eighty intersections throughout the country were blocked in a massive act of non-violent civil disobedience against the Oslo process. As a result of his activities, Feiglin was sentenced to six months in prison in 1997 for sedition against the state by Israel's Supreme Court. The sentence was later commuted to community service. In November 1996, Feiglin established the Manhigut Yehudit movement; it joined Likud in 2000, with Feiglin declaring that he would be a candidate for chairmanship of the party as a springboard for premiership of the State of Israel.

In early January 2015, Feiglin announced that he was leaving the Likud and forming his own party, after the Likud primaries the previous month.

Feiglin complained about "tricks" that were done to try to keep him out of Israel's parliament, the Knesset. He referred to alleged political corruption in the Likud primary and legal maneuvers Benjamin Netanyahu took in the past to move him down the party's list, accusing the prime minister of trying to assassinate him politically.

As a result of the above issues and timing, Feiglin did not form a new party for the Knesset elections in March, and instead decided to take his time to build a strong new party ("If we have to give up on the coming Knesset to build ourselves well and fundamentally, we will do so. We will take the time that we need to build ourselves in the proper and most exacting way."). In July 2021, Feiglin returned to the Likud.

Feiglin's former party Zehut was in favor of legalizing marijuana.

Biography
Moshe Feiglin was born in Haifa, the son of Ya'akov Zvi and Esther Feiglin. His ancestors moved to Israel from Imperial Russia during the First Aliyah. His grandfather was the first child born in Metula, and some of his ancestors were among the founders of several settlements, including Mishmar HaYarden, Hadera, and Kinneret. His father served in the Jewish Settlement Police during the British Mandate era. His family later moved to Rehovot, where he attended the local Tachkemoni school of the Mizrachi movement, and subsequently graduated from Rabbi Haim Drukman's Yeshivat Or Etzion. They are also related to Rebbes of The Chabad Dynasty.

During his IDF national service, Feiglin served in the Engineering Corps. He later signed on to one additional year as a career soldier, and attained the rank of captain. He fought in the 1982 Lebanon War.

Feiglin ran a company that used rope rappelling in the construction industry.

Feiglin is married, and has five children, and lives in the settlement of Karnei Shomron.

Political career

Manhigut Yehudit
Feiglin co-founded the Manhigut Yehudit movement in 1996. It began as a brainchild of Feiglin and a friend of his, Moti Karpel, who established the organization as the continuation of the Zo Artzeinu protest movement. The main tactical difference between the two in Feiglin's thought is that Zo Artzeinu protested government policy without suggesting an alternative, whereas Manhigut Yehudit seeks to become the government and be the alternative.

Lacking the tools to do this, and without a political party with which to stake his run, he was approached by a founding member of the Likud party and participant in the Zo Artzeinu protests who proposed that Feiglin register for the Likud party and register, in turn, the thousands who participated in the protests, thereby building a support base for himself in the party, from which he could run for the party presidency and, in turn, Prime Minister.

According to Feiglin's own words, Manhigut Yehudit was started to "return the country to the people and lead the State of Israel through authentic Jewish values".

Feiglin says that the movement's leadership will arise from "those who have a deep commitment to Torah values". Still, 30 percent of its present members are secular (2005). He opposes the surrender of what he regards as Jewish land, and has demanded the government take action against the estimated 50,000 illegal Arab structures built throughout the country. Feiglin has stated that Likud had "given up true Likud values and acquiesced in the Gaza evacuation".

Likud

Feiglin was a minor candidate in the 2002 Likud leadership election.

In 2005, Feiglin again ran for Likud chairman and won 12.5% of the votes, coming third out of seven candidates, after Benjamin Netanyahu and Silvan Shalom. He attempted to run for a slot on the party's Knesset list, but encountered severe opposition from Netanyahu, who delayed party elections and advocated making changes to its charter to bar "anyone who has served three or more months in prison" from running as a Likud MK. This would have prevented Feiglin, who served a six-month sentence in the mid-1990s for civil disobedience, from running for either an MK or leadership position in the future. Feiglin withdrew from the race on 3 January 2006, following the release of a statement from the Likud party election chairman declaring, in agreement with a prior decision by the Israeli High Court, that Feiglin's conviction was not for "dishonorable" violations of the law, allowing him to participate in future Likud affairs.

In the 14 August 2007 primaries, Feiglin nearly doubled his previous showing and received 23.4% of the votes to Netanyahu's 72.8%. Netanyahu, fearing a strong showing by Feiglin, tried to have him ousted from the party prior to the vote, and said he would continue such efforts. On 10 December 2008, Feiglin was won twentieth place in the Likud primaries. On 11 December, following a petition submitted against him by Ophir Akunis, he was demoted to the 36th spot.

In an article written in 2009, Feiglin stated: "Sad to say, Prime Minister Netanyahu is a pitiful puppet of Peres and his cohorts."

Feiglin ran against Netanyahu again in the 2012 Likud leadership election, held on 31 January 2012, and again received 23% of the vote. In the Likud primaries held in late 2012 to select candidates for the 2013 elections, Feiglin finished thirteenth, and was elected to the Knesset in the 2013 elections.

Feiglin served as Deputy Speaker in the 19th Knesset. He and his Manhigut Yehudit faction suffered a serious setback in the December 2014 Likud primaries, held in the run-up to the 2015 Knesset elections, when he fell to the 36th position on the Likud list, making it unlikely he would be returned to the Knesset. In January 2015, he announced that he was leaving Likud to form his own party, although he did not do so in time for the elections. Shortly after the elections, he announced that the new party was to be called Zehut (Identity).

In July 2021, Feiglin returned to the Likud.

Views and opinions
Feiglin has openly stated that, though he is not opposed to peace, peace is not his goal, and would not be on the top of his agenda as Prime Minister. Rather, Feiglin's focus is on reforming Israel as an essentially Jewish State by acting on several campaigns on the religious, social, legal, and security fronts.

In a May 2012 article on liberty that originally appeared on the NRG Maariv Hebrew website, Feiglin wrote: "Liberty means fighting against coercion of all kinds; religious, anti-religious, economic, cultural, educational, and more. Liberty means allocating state land to the citizen. It means privatization of government firms to the public, and not to core shareholders. Liberty means liberalized communication - broadcasting license and not broadcast franchise. You want to open up a television or radio station? Buy a wavelength and broadcast as you please within the framework of the law. Liberty means restoring the responsibility for education to the parents, using the education coupon method. It means a gradual transfer to a professional volunteer army. Liberty means prohibiting biometric data bases or any other type of human designation. There is no difference in principle between sophisticated biological marking and tattooing an ID number; both turn our identities into the property of a third party. In both, we lose our freedom. Simply put: We have one G-d above us, and we should not be enslaved to another person or mechanism. The state is ours, and under no circumstance is the opposite true."

He is against religious coercion and the establishment of religious political parties. He has come out against legislation such as the Chametz Law, which forbids selling leavened products on the Passover Holiday, when eating or owning leavened food products is prohibited by Jewish law.

He is also a proponent of the civil marriage initiative in Israel which would allow any Israeli citizen to marry without a religious cleric. At present, marriage in Israel is impossible outside the confines of a religious system; hence, for tens of thousands of people with problematic religious status, it is impossible ever to get married in the country. The present system also places the power of divorce in the hand of the Religious courts, who are answerable only to the Supreme Courts. The civil marriage initiative would make the religious nature of marriage entirely voluntary, effectively separating religion and state in this matter.

Feiglin has advocated removing the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf's control over the entire al-Aqsa complex, and suggested a synagogue should be established on the Temple Mount. In February 2014, at Feiglin's insistence, the Knesset debated the status of the Temple Mount. Feiglin's platform states:"We have to internalize that this is our Land - exclusively... Most important: We must expel the Moslem wakf from the Temple Mount and restore exclusive Israeli sovereignty over this most holy site."

In July 2014, during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, Feiglin outlined steps toward "achieving quiet in Gaza". His plan included attacking all of Gaza, its infrastructure and military sites, without regard to civilian "human shields". After conquering and annexing Gaza into Israel, that portion of Gaza's "enemy population that is innocent of wrong-doing and separated itself from the armed terrorists will be treated in accordance with international law and will be allowed to leave". After becoming part of Israel, Gaza would be re-populated by Jews. He said the civilians of Gaza could go to Sinai, and his plan would also "ease the housing crisis in Israel".

On August 4, 2014, the Daily Mail tabloid newspaper alleged that Feiglin had called for concentration camps in Gaza. In a TV show with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Feiglin denied that claim, saying he was talking about creating "sheltered areas" for the civilians of Gaza so that Israel could stop rockets by Hamas in a more effective way. He also said that he "definitely" supported "tent encampments" before the people in Gaza can be relocated to another place.

In 2008, Feiglin has proposed a plan to end the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. His plan would include annexing all post-1967 land currently in Israel's hands and offering financial incentive for Palestinian families in these areas to emigrate to other countries. Feiglin pointed to a poll by An-Najah University in Nablus, which showed that one in three Palestinian Arabs would emigrate to other countries even without a financial incentive, as supporting his plan. Feiglin also proposed that Israel actively encourage Israeli-Arabs to emigrate to the Arab world, and provide assistance to any Arab who chooses to do so.

About 20% of Israel's citizens are Israeli Arabs. Feiglin was asked about Israel's status as a "Jewish and democratic state" in a 2004 interview, and stated: "Why should non-Jews have a say in the policy of a Jewish state? ... For two thousand years, Jews dreamed of a Jewish state, not a democratic state. Democracy should serve the values of the state, not destroy them..."

In 2003, Feiglin proposed replacing the Knesset with a bicameral legislature, whose upper house, which would control all "national affairs", would be "composed exclusively of Jews". Point three in the program states that he will enact a new Basic Law which will set forth a detailed proposal for a constitution. The Law will replace the at-large election of the Knesset with regional representatives, and would also create a lower house to handle municipal issues, in which Israeli Arabs could be represented. The posting was taken down on December 9, 2008, the day after Feiglin won twentieth place in the Likud primaries. However, the posting had been archived by Israeli scholar Tomer Persico prior to being removed, and Persico wrote a 2012 article analyzing Feiglin's program, referencing the 2003 posting.

On 3 April 2019, Feiglin gave a speech at Maariv Jerusalem Post conference in Tel Aviv, Israel, in which he called to rebuild the Third Temple on Temple Mount immediately. He said in a statement: "I don't want to build a Third Temple in one or two years, I want to build it now. To build the Temple, I need support; I can't do it alone."

Published works
In his 2005 book "War of Dreams", Feiglin wrote that his program was: "Israeli citizenship to Jews only [and] the immediate expulsion of any person of another people who claims any sort of sovereignty in the Land of Israel.""We are busy fighting for Yesha, and refuse to recognize the more dangerous front against the fifth column inside Israel." "We established a state so that we could stop being different and start being normal. If only Jews can be Israelis, then we will never be normal. . . .The fundamental solution is leadership that is not looking for normalcy. The solution is leadership that emphasizes our Jewish identity. Paradoxically, it is only when the Arabs understand that the Israelis do not need them to help them to forget that they are Jews - will we be able to live here in peace with non-Jews who unequivocally accept the fact that Israel is a Jewish state." It appears that the Israeli Arabs identify with our enemies. There are laws in this country that deal with treason and they should be applied when required. If Israeli Arabs are found helping our enemies, they should be stripped of their citizenship. In addition, if they are citizens, they should not be exempt from paying taxes; they should serve in the IDF, or at least in Sherut Le'umi, the National Service. . . . .If they are against us, we must make every effort to ensure that they leave. If they collaborate with our enemy, they must be removed.

Controversy and criticism

Comments on Arabs
Of Israeli Arabs, Feiglin said, "They will have to seek the right to self-determination in Arab states. Israel will encourage the Arabs to emigrate to their countries and assist any Arab who wishes to do so." Feiglin was quoted as saying: He insisted there is no such thing as a Palestinian people, and that they and Israeli Arabs should relocate, citing a text he had posted on the website of his Manhigut Yehudit ("Jewish Leadership") movement. In a 2004 interview with Yedioth Ahronoth, he spoke of "a voluntary transfer to the 22 neighbouring Arab states" of the some 1.4 million Israeli Arabs, who make up 20 percent of Israel's population. "Arabs are not the sons of the desert, but its father", he quoted Sir Claude Jarvis, British governor of Sinai from 1923.

Arabs are "a gang of bandits that never produced anything and never wanted to produce anything - a gang of bandits that for over one thousand years (since Islam was born) has lived on robbery and terror. ... Since their establishment, the Arab states have produced nothing but poverty, suffering, wars - and fantastic wealth for their leaders."
The Arabs engage in typical Amalek behaviour. I can't prove this genetically, but this is the behaviour of Amalek.

We shall offer them human rights without civil rights, so long as they prove their loyalty to their Jewish state host and accept Jewish sovereignty over their land. In such a situation, they will be given legal-resident status, and they can carry on their private affairs without anyone infringing on their human rights.
In a 2004 report in The New Yorker, Feiglin was quoted as saying:

Why should non-Jews have a say in the policy of a Jewish state?... For two thousand years, Jews dreamed of a Jewish state, not a democratic state. Democracy should serve the values of the state, not destroy them... You can't teach a monkey to speak and you can't teach an Arab to be democratic. You're dealing with a culture of thieves and robbers. The Arab destroys everything he touches.

On his website, Feiglin wrote: We all know that most of the fires in Israel are caused by arson. Arson perpetrated by Arabs. Not by nut-jobs, not by criminals. Arson motivated by nationalism. Arson by Arab citizens of Israel. ... Wherever the Arab goes, he brings the desert with him. ... There is not and there never will be democracy in the Arab states - and their economies will never flourish. Israel produces more than all its neighbors combined. That is not because we are extremely industrious. It is because true economic vitality cannot exist in a culture of robbery. ... Arab culture is anti-productive. It has no good and bad, only strong and weak.
In an interview with the U.S.-based The Jewish Press, Feiglin said: You can find places where we say the same things. You can also find places where we are different. I was in the army when Meir, Hashem yikom damo [may God avenge his blood], was [most] active, so I didn't get to know him so well. But I can definitely say that the slogan "Kahane tzadak - Kahane was right" has proven itself many times.
Several left-wing or Arab commentators have depicted Feiglin as fascist, but for his part, Feiglin rejects this label, claiming that he is fighting fascism himself.

In 2013, he set forth his legislative agenda regarding Israeli Arabs: "Zero tolerance for Arab citizens' defiance. Enforcement of laws of treason. Enforcement of laws against robbery, rape, and vandalism." Feiglin has repeatedly made clear his view that only Jews deserve to be full citizens of Israel. The momentum toward citizenship for all residents of Israel, regardless of their religion, is part of the Zionist ideology based on Western culture. If not checked, it will effectively transform Israel from a Jewish state to a state with some Jewish citizens. The Arab sector is not loyal to the state, and does not serve in the army.
Feiglin, responding to a report that Israel's first permanent Arab Supreme Court judge Salim Joubran had refused to sing Israel's national anthem, asserted that Joubran "must return his Israeli ID card and make do with the status of 'permanent resident'".

According to a 2012 article in Haaretz, Feiglin condemned Baruch Goldstein over his killing of 29 Palestinian Muslims in a mosque in the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, though he did not condemn Goldstein's motivations.

Hitler comments
In an article in Haaretz, Yossi Sarid quoted Feiglin, in the context of demonstrations against the Oslo accords, as saying, "Hitler was an unparalleled military genius. Nazism promoted Germany from a low to a fantastic physical and ideological status. The ragged, trashy youth body turned into a neat and orderly part of society and Germany received an exemplary regime, a proper justice system and public order. Hitler savored good music. He would paint. This was no bunch of thugs. They merely used thugs and homosexuals." Feiglin clarified his position to the Maariv newspaper that just because he considers Hitler a military genius, this does not mean he admires him. In an interview on Israeli television, Feiglin accused Sarid and other left-wing journalists of a smear campaign against him by quoting him out of context. He explained his point as saying that just because Germany was a democracy, this does not give legitimacy to what Hitler had done.

Banned from Britain
Feiglin is banned from entering the United Kingdom due to a decision by Home Secretary Jacqui Smith, made public in March 2008, excluding Feiglin on the grounds that his presence in the country "would not be conducive to the public good". A letter to Feiglin from the Home Office said that Smith based her decision on an assessment that his activities "foment or justify terrorist violence in furtherance of particular beliefs; seek to provoke others to terrorist acts; foment other serious criminal activity or seek to provoke others to serious criminal acts; and foster hatred, which might lead to inter-community violence in the UK". Feiglin responded, "Seeing that renowned terrorists like Hizbullah member Ibrahim Mousawi are welcomed in your country in open arms, I understand that your policy is aimed at encouraging and supporting terror."

Oslo Accords
Feiglin was arrested for organizing mass acts of resistance and blocked highways across Israel during the period in which the Oslo accords were debated and implemented. Feiglin was charged with "break[ing] the barrier of obedience to the rule of law" and incitement to commit crimes. Regarding his organization of peaceful demonstrations and the blocking of intersections without a permit, Feiglin was quoted as stating, "We will do all that it's possible to do, including breaking the law."
He was sentenced to six months in prison in 1997 for sedition, and the sentence was later performed via community service.

Likud members
Relations between Feiglin and his fellow Likud members have been mixed. Likud Knesset member Limor Livnat stated that Feiglin and his friends are "not real Likudniks", and that his faction "cannot be allowed to prevail". In an interview with the Jerusalem Post, Livnat explained that Feiglin and his faction must be prevented "from taking over, or the party and the state will be in danger", adding that, "this is not democracy, this is anarchy".

Despite criticism from fellow Likud members, Feiglin has displayed favorable relations with a significant number of former Likud Knesset members. This was manifest during a Feiglin rally at Jerusalem's Ramada Hotel that took place before the 2008 Likud primary after Feiglin promised to throw all his votes to them if they showed up. Former Likud Knesset members Gila Gamliel, David Mena, Daniel Benlulu, and Ayoub Kara attended the event, despite warnings from Netanyahu's advisers not to do so. Gila Gamliel, who did not vote against the Disengagement from Gaza, eventually took Feiglin's votes and placed 19th, one spot ahead of Feiglin. This ultimately resulted in Feiglin getting pushed down to the 36th spot, and out of the Eighteenth Knesset.

Support for Jonathan Pollard
Feiglin is a highly vocal supporter of Jonathan Pollard, a former American naval intelligence analyst who formerly served a sentence in the American Federal prison system for spying for Israel. Feiglin, who has called Pollard a hero, has written a number of articles in support of Pollard. In a recent article, Feiglin stated that, "Pollard is a Jew who saved the Israelis from American treachery."

Criticism of U.S. Vice President Biden

Feiglin referred to U.S. Vice President Joseph Biden as a "diseased leper" in a 2010 op-ed column published by Israel's third-largest news outlet, Maariv.

Support for cannabis legalization

As part of his libertarian political philosophy, Feiglin supports the full legalization of cannabis in Israel, stating of legalization in Amsterdam: "I don't see Amsterdam as a bad thing. ... There's no chaos, there's more freedom for citizens. [Legalization] didn't upend the way of life." And stating that, "This may be one of the reasons why marijuana is illegal. God owns the patent on cannabis, and the large pharmaceutical companies do not appreciate such an intervention in their market and exert their influence accordingly." The opposition of the Knesset Health committee to Feiglin's proposals have led to multiple controversial confrontations in the Knesset. Feiglin says that, "When I expressed my opinion on this issue over a year ago, I had no idea that I had climbed atop such a potent barrel of social dynamite... The debate is not about cannabis. Cannabis is just the tip of the iceberg. The debate is about liberty."

Approach to homosexuals
Feiglin wrote an article in 2009 entitled "I Am A Proud Homophobe". In 2012, he wrote several posts on his Facebook page detailing his views on gays. "The gay pride parade isn't about rights. It's about forcing the values of the minority onto the majority, effectively locking the majority into the proverbial closet. Homosexual "rights" undermine the normative family, the foundation of our nation."

""Throughout history", Feiglin explained, "from Rome to Europe in our day, the approval and spread of homosexuality presaged the decline of nations and cultures. If one reads the Torah portion 'Noah' - this comes as no surprise. . . .The organizers of a pride parade do not wish to gain rights. They strive to force homosexuality as a culture upon the public sphere. . . . A minority has no right to take over public assets. Let the marchers kindly go back to their individual closets. And let them do it without whining, because no one interferes with their affairs in there. Let them give up their attempts at takeovers, and leave the public sphere to normal people. . . .Feiglin added in an additional post: "I have no problem with homosexuals, most of whom are, most likely, good and talented people and no one wants to interfere in their private lives. I have a problem with homosexuality as a culture. This culture subverts the status of the family. And without the family there is no nation, and without a nation there is no civilization."
Feiglin refused to meet with a gay faction within the Likud, and was quoting as stating: "[A]s individuals I can't tell them how to lead their lives and I can cooperate with them on different subjects, but as a group that tries to promote an ideology of their sexual orientation, I don't think they have legitimacy, especially not in the Likud." On Feb. 7, 2013, Feiglin met with an Israeli gay advocacy group in Tel Aviv, and said he was no longer a homophobe. News accounts of the meeting reported Feiglin's views: "'I am in favor of you having all your human rights, but I am not prepared by the way to invalidate the special value of the classic family', he said and made it clear that he still opposed gay marriage and same-sex parenting. 'Every child in the world has a right to a mother and father. It has nothing to do with religion, but with my basic perception of the good of the child', he said."

After his election to the Knesset, Moshe Feiglin met with homosexual groups. Although he does not identify with their lifestyle choices, he told them, he supports their rights as individuals and will fight to ensure that those rights are upheld.

When asked by a lesbian supporter if he would support her running in the primaries for the Zehut party, Feiglin was enthusiastically positive about it.

Women

During his 2013 campaign, Feiglin reiterated his view that women's role in Israeli society should be based on Jewish Biblical principles. In response to a question about feminism, Feiglin was quoted as saying: "'Tel Aviv has become a city that has erased masculinity and where being a man is considered a sickness', and added that feminism has destroyed family values, something essential to Judaism. ... Pressed further, he stated that 'the man is the family, while the woman is the home [literally "house"]', and that in our current culture, we are forgetting 'what it means to be a man'."

When the Jerusalem city government voted to permit sex-segregated public buses, according to the wishes of some ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jews, Feiglin supported the action: "I see discrimination against women as despicable. But it is unreasonable to force an ultra-Orthodox bus company to institute mixed seating on its buses against the wishes of its customers." Feiglin also opposes the Israeli army's decision to allow women into combat units.

Instead of saying that we no longer need families, our lexicon now includes single-parent families or same-gender marriage. These newly introduced concepts are not contrived for the good of those parents raising their children without the support of a spouse (who should be benefiting from aid when needed). Instead, they revise the way we think of the traditional family - compromising its preeminence and relegating it to "just another option" status.
During the 2014 military operation in Gaza, Feiglin criticized lawmaker Aliza Lavie for discussing legislation on sexual violence, protesting that in wartime, no one should be "talking about things like flowers and sexual assault".

Christians and Christianity

Feiglin has criticized some Christian supporters of Israel, such as Glenn Beck, and challenged the sincerity of Christians who have defended Israel, as well as Israeli Jews who supported Beck. "Glenn Beck doesn't back the Jewish mission. What drives him is the Christian mission. I have no problem doing business with him, but he has to respect me when he comes here just like I don't try to force my identity on him when I come to him. Jews like it when Goyim finally smile at them, but sometimes, a smile is more dangerous than a scowl, and this is one of those occasions", Feiglin said. Feiglin also said he had a "deep problem" with Efrat Chief Rabbi Shlomo Riskin participating as a featured speaker at a Christian prayer rally Glenn Beck organized at the Caesarea Amphitheater in Israel. Danny Danon responded to Feiglin, saying: "Israel has too many real foes, and very few genuine friends like Glenn Beck. I cannot understand the urge to reject his friendship with pseudo-theological argumentation... Rejecting friendship is not a sign of national pride, but a proof of very low self-confidence."

Petition by "Scholars for Israel and Palestine"
In December 2014, a group of academics who are part of the anti-BDS movement and members of The Third Narrative, a Labor Zionist organization, have called on the U.S. and E.U. to impose sanctions on Feiglin and three other Israelis "who lead efforts to insure permanent Israeli occupation of the West Bank and to annex all or parts of it unilaterally in violation of international law". These academics, calling themselves Scholars for Israel and Palestine (SIP) and claiming to be "pro-Israel, pro-Palestine, pro-peace", are asking the U.S. and EU to freeze Feiglin's foreign assets and impose visa restrictions. One of the signatories was quoted in Haaretz as saying the four leaders were chosen because they "were particularly dismissive of Secretary of State Kerry's peace-making efforts, and explicitly call for and work towards the formal annexation of the West Bank or part of it, and thereby push Israel in the direction of violating international law. They are the ones who cross particularly sharp red lines." The group of mainly Jewish academics blasted Feiglin for his "straightforward and undisguised extremism" and "annexationist" agenda.

Comments following the 2020 Beirut explosion

Celebrating the 2020 Beirut explosions, which killed at least 220 people and injured thousands more, Feiglin referred to the explosion as "a spectacular pyrotechnics show", and wrote:

You don't actually believe this was some disorganized fuel depot, right? You do realize that this inferno was supposed to land on us as a rain of rockets? [...] Today is Tu B'Av, a day of joy, and a true and huge thank you to G-d and all the geniuses and heroes really (!) who organized for us this wonderful celebration in honor of the day of love.

The Times of Israel reported that the post was subsequently removed by Facebook. Explaining the removal, Facebook stated: "The post was removed because its content mocks the victims, which goes against our policy." Feiglin confirmed the removal of his post via his official Facebook account, claiming to "stand behind every word"

References

External links

Feiglin, Moshe Where There are No Men: Zo Artzeinu's Struggle Against the Post-Zionism Collapse at zehut.org.il. Where There are No Men: Zo Artzeinu's Struggle Against the Post-Zionism Collapse at Wayback Machine

1962 births
Living people
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Hebrew-language writers
Israeli columnists
Israeli people of Russian-Jewish descent
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Israeli political writers
Israeli settlers
Jewish Israeli politicians
Leaders of political parties in Israel
Likud politicians
Maariv (newspaper) people
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
People convicted of sedition
Politicians from Haifa
People from Rehovot
Writers on the Middle East

Moshe Feiglin


Roger Andrew Taylor (Nechells, Birmingham, Engleska 26. travnja 1960.) engleski je glazbenik, najpoznatiji kao bubnjar engleskog novo valnog sastava Duran Duran, od njegova osnutka do 1985. godine, i ponovno od 2001. godine pa do danas.

Iako se preziva isto kao i basist John, i bivši gitarist Andy, Durana Durana, međusobno nisu u rodu.

Dijeli isto ime i prezime s još jednim poznatim engleskim bubnjarom sastava Queen, Rogerom Taylorom.

Rani život
Roger Andrew Taylor rođen je u skromnoj obitelji. Do jedanaeste godine živio je na području Shard Enda u Birminghamu, a kasnije na području Castle Bromwicha. Otac mu je radio u automobilskoj industriji. Počeo je bubnjati oko dvanaeste godine te je sam sebe učio kroz sviranje uz svoje najdraže albume. Prva ambicija mu je bila postati vratar engleskog nogometnog kluba Aston Ville te ga je otac vodio na svaku domaću utakmicu kluba. Na kraju je ipak zasvirao na stadionu Villa Park, kao bubnjar Durana Durana 1983. godine na njihovom dobrotvornom koncertu. Taylorovi glavni uzori dok je odrastao bili su bubnjari Paul Thompson iz Roxy Music, Charlie Watts iz Rolling Stonesa i Tony Thompson iz Chica

Prije no što se pridružio Duranu Duranu, Taylor je nastupao za nekoliko škola (Park Hall School u Castle Bromwichu, Warwickshire) i nekoliko klupskih sastava. Nakon što je bio inspiriran lokalnim punk sastavima koji su nastupali u noćnom klubu Barbarella's u Birminghamu, osnovao je novo valni/punk sastav Scent Organs, koji su bili regionalni finalisti časopisa Melody Maker za najbolji mladi sastav 1978. godine. Nakon što se sastav raspao samo godinu dana poslije 1979. godine, pridružio se Duranu Duranu. Postao je poznat kao 'šutljivi' te je uvijek govorio kako preferira govoriti kroz svoje bubnjeve.

Duran Duran: 1979. – 1986.
Taylor je postao internacionalna zvijezda, skupa s ostalim članovima Durana Durana, zbog njihova proboja ranih 80-ih. Svirao je bubnjeve na prva tri studijska albuma sastava (Duran Duran, Rio, i Seven and the Ragged Tiger) i na albumu uživo Arena. Godine 1985., sastav je snimio glavnu pjesmu za James Bondov film Pogled na ubojstvo, koja je postala njihova druga pjesma koja je dospjela na prvo mjesta američkih ljestvica i jedina glavna James Bond pjesma koja je dospjela na to mjesto. Ipak, žestok raspored snimanja i turneja te pritisak slave, ostavili su Rogera Taylora nesretnim u sastavu te je zbog toga i napustio sastav 1986. godine. Njegov konačni nastup s prvobitnom postavom Durana Durana bio je u srpnju 1985. godine, na Live Aid dobrotvornom koncertu u Philadelphiji, koji je imao globalnu publiku od 2 milijarde. Taylor i ostatak sastava primili su po dvije Grammy nagrade tijekom ovog perioda.

Prije no što je napustio sastav, radio je s članovima Durana Durana Simonom Le Bonom i Nickom Rhodesom na albumu So Red The Rose za njihov drugi projekt Arcadia iz 1985. godine. Na albumu su se pojavili Sting, David Gilmour, Herbie Hancock i Grace Jones. Taylor je također doprionosio i na drugom projektu Duran Duran članova, Power Stationovoj pjesmi "Some Like It Hot" s njihova istomena albuma.

Ubrzo nakon napuštanja sastava, kupio je farmu u brdima Gloucestershirea, kako bi živio tih i ugodan život, podalje od glazbenog svijeta. Časopis The Sun saznali su za to te su posvetili cijelu stranicu o njegovom napuštanju te ga prozvali 'pustinjakom popa'. U početku je njegova stanka bila planirana samo godinu dana, ali ostali članovi sastava su 1986. godine izjavili kako je Roger Taylor napustio Duran Duran.

Povratak u Duran Duran, 1994. i 2001.–danas

Godine 1994., dok je bio u posjetu prijatelju u Parizu, privremeno se pridružio Duranu Duranu kako bi snimio bubnjeve za tri pjesme na njihovom albumu obrada Thank You (iako su samo dvije završile na albumu), te se kasnije pojavio u videu za pjesmu "Perfect Day" i na Top of the Pops izvodbi pjesme.

Godine 1997., Taylor se ponovno počeo interesirati za glazbenu industriju. Na kratko je osnovao electro/dance sastav Freebass, koji je objavio samo jedan singl, "Love Is Like Oxygen", (obrada pjesme sastava Sweet) koju je objavila nepoznata diskografska kuća Cleveland City Records. Pjesma je završila u top deset na ljestvici dance glazbe UK-a. Taylor je također producirao electro-house pjesme s članom Freebassa Jakeom Robertsom, pod imenom Funkface. Lost This Feeling i Shine koja je objavila Taylorova vlastita kuća Rt Music.

Konačno, Tayor se ponovno pridružio Duranu Duranu 2001. godine, pošto su se svi članovi iz Rio ere ponovno okupili kako bi snimili novi materijal te ponovno nastupali kao kvintet. Okupljanje rezultiralo je potpunom rasprodajom pet koncerata, te potpisivanjem za Epic Records u New Yorku. Sastav je ubrzo objavio hit singl (Reach Up for The) Sunrise i hit album Astronaut.

'Astronaut' turneja, trajala je više od dvije godine, s koncertima svugdje po svijetu. Sastav je prikupio nekoliko nagrada.

Bacio se i u DJ vode 2003. godine. Nastupao je u Londonskom klubu te je puštao mikseve housea i hip-hopa. Kroz godine, stekao je određenu slavu te se i danas bavi time.

U siječnju 2016. godine, Peace Tracks, dobrotvorna organizacija kojoj je cilj spojiti drugačije kulture i zemlje kroz glazbu, je objavila nekoliko pjesama na kojima Taylor svira zajedno s ostalim izvođačima kao što su ABBA, Philip Glass, Angélique Kidjo i Anoushka Shankar.

Osobni život
Taylor ima troje djece – James, Ellea i Elliot – s prvom ženom Giovannom, s kojom se kasnije razveo. Godine 2004., časopis Tatler imenovao ga je petim najželjenijim neženjom u Engleskoj, pored Princa Williama i Hugha Granta. Godine 2007., Taylor je oženio Gisellu Bernales na otoku Svete Lucije. Rodila je prvo dijete para, sina imena Julian Roger, 9. srpnja 2011. godine.

U rujnu 2018. godine, Taylora je gradsko sveučilište Birminghama imenovalo kao jednog od najinspirativnijih ljudi koji su pohađali to sveučilište ikad.

Izvori

Duran Duran
Britanski glazbenici

Roger Taylor (bubnjar Durana Durana)


Yoğunlanma bulutu veya mantar bulut, Nispeten nemli bir atmosferdeki nükleer (veya atomik) patlamayı takiben ateş topunu geçişi olarak çevreleyen çok ince su damlacıklarından duman veya sis. Patlamanın negatif safhasındaki hava genişlemesi ısının azaldığı patlama sonuçlarında dalgalanmakta, bu nedenle havadaki mevcut su buharının yoğunlaşması oluşmakta ve bir bulut teşkil etmektedir. Bulut, basıncın normale döndüğü ve hava sıcaklığının tekrar yükseldiği zaman hemen ortadan kalkmaktadır. Bu olgu, Wilson bulut kümesinde Fizikçiler tarafından kullanılana benzerdir ve bazen bulut küme etkisi olarak anılmaktadır.

Nükleer silahlar
Girdaplar
Bulut tipleri
Atom fiziği
Patlamalar

Yoğunlaşma bulutu


An Bromus bonariensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Parodi ngan J.H.Camara. An Bromus bonariensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bromus

Bromus bonariensis


Con el nombre de dominios franceses de Santa Elena (en francés: Domaines français de Sainte-Hélène) se conoce al conjunto de tres propiedades relacionadas con Napoleón Bonaparte que Francia mantiene en la isla británica de isla de Santa Elena en el océano Atlántico sur. La totalidad de las propiedades suma 14 hectáreas (que equivale a 0,14 km²). Pese al nombre de dominios franceses, las tres propiedades no constituyen una dependencia de Francia, sino que son propiedades privadas de ese país dentro de la isla británica.

Desde 2004, las propiedades son administradas y conservadas como museo por el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Francia mediante su cónsul en Ciudad del Cabo, Sudáfrica. Localmente son administradas por el curador del museo, que a la vez es cónsul honorario de Francia en la isla. Estas propiedades consisten en:

 La Casa de Longwood
 El pabellón Briars (le pavillon des Briars)
 El Valle de la Tumba (la vallée du Tombeau)

Estos lugares están relacionados con el exilio del emperador francés Napoleón I en Santa Elena. Albergan un museo y muestras sobre la vida del gobernante. Varios edificios han sido restaurados en la medida de lo posible al estado que tenían en la época napoleónica. Reciben entre seis mil y ocho mil visitantes al año.

El museo está financiado por la Fundación Napoleón y los edificios son mantenidos por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores francés.

Detención del emperador Napoleón I
Tras su derrota en la batalla de Waterloo, Napoleón I fue exiliado y deportado por los británicos a la isla de Santa Elena, donde desembarcó en octubre de 1815. La llegada de Napoleón supuso un importante aumento de la población de la isla: casi 2.000 soldados y 500 marineros de la flota de guerra, así como funcionarios del gobierno británico y sus familias, y la pequeña colonia francesa que vivía en el entorno de Napoleón. Además, los británicos, temiendo un desembarco de marineros franceses para liberar al prisionero como en Elba, reclamaron la isla de Ascensión -hasta entonces deshabitada- para establecer una guarnición naval.

Detenido en Longwood House desde diciembre de 1815, Napoleón murió el 5 de mayo de 1821. Al día siguiente, el gobernador de la isla, Sir Hudson Lowe, aunque en perpetuo conflicto con su antiguo prisionero, acudió en persona a constatar su muerte y luego declaró a su séquito: "Bien, señores, era el mayor enemigo de Inglaterra y también el mío; pero se lo perdono todo. Ante la muerte de un hombre tan grande, sólo se puede sentir una profunda pena y pesar'.

De acuerdo con su última voluntad, Napoleón fue enterrado el 9 de mayo cerca de un manantial en el Valle del Geranio, que desde entonces se llama "Valle de la Tumba". El 27 de mayo, toda la colonia francesa abandonó la isla. Diecinueve años después de la muerte de Napoleón, el rey Luis Felipe consiguió que el Reino Unido devolviera los restos ("cenizas" en el imaginario de los franceses) del emperador. La exhumación del cuerpo de Napoleón tuvo lugar el 15 de octubre de 1840, tras lo cual fue repatriado a Francia y enterrado en los Inválidos de París.

Desde 1854, el emperador Napoleón III negoció con el gobierno británico la compra de casa de Longwood y el valle de la Tumba, que se convirtieron en propiedades de Francia en 1858, bajo el nombre de "dominios franceses de Santa Helena" y gestionados desde entonces por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores francés. El pabellón Briars, la primera casa del emperador en la isla, fue introducido en el dominio en 1959, cuando su último propietario lo donó a Francia.

Referencias

Véase también
Dominio nacional francés en Tierra Santa
 Guerras napoleónicas
 Francia de Ultramar

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial en francés

Santa Elena
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Francia
Francia en 1858
Segundo Imperio Francés
Estados y territorios fundados en 1858
Tercera República Francesa
Cuarta República Francesa
Quinta República Francesa

Dominios franceses de Santa Elena


Islands valgkredse er de regioner, der vælger repræsentanter til Altinget. I 1999 besluttede Altinget at reducere antallet af kredse fra otte til seks. Tre af disse ligger i Hovedstadsområdet (Höfuðborgarsvæðið) dvs. selve Reykjavík (der er inddelt i to kredse), samt byens ydre forstæder og satellitbyer, der udgør Sydvestkredsen. Det øvrige Sydisland udgør én valgkredsen. Nordisland er delt i Nordøstkredsen (med Islands næststørste by Akureyri) og Nordvestkredsen, der bl.a. indbefatter Vestfjordene med Ísafjörður. Stemmerne fra samtlige valgsteder i kredsen transporteres til et centralt optællingssted, hvor de optælles samlet. På grund af de lange afstande og vejrforholdene kan dette til tider give forsinkelser i optællingen ved valg i vinterhalvåret. Optællingsstderne for provinskredsene er Selfoss i Sydkredsen, Borgarnes i Nordvestkredsen og Akureyri i Nordøstkredsen.

Der er 54 kredsmandater og 9 tillægsmandater. Kredsmandaterne var oprindelig fordelt med ni til hver valgkreds, men hvis et mandat i den "dyreste" kreds kræver dobbelt så mange stemmer som et i den "billigste" kreds flyttes der et kredsmandat til den "dyre" kreds. I takt med befolkningsforskydninger fra udkantsområderne til Reykjavík-regionen har Nordvestkredsen derfor tabt to kredsmandater til Sydvestkredsen og står til at miste yderligere et ved næste valg, da kredsen ved altingsvalget 2017 blot skulle have haft 18 færre vælgere for at måtte afgive sit ottende mandat. En valgkreds kan ifølge valgloven ikke have mindre end seks kredsmandater, så hvis Nordvestkredsen taber yderligere to mandater skal der vedtages en ny valglov.

De ni tillægsmandater er fordelt med to til hver af valgkredsene i hovedstadsområdet og et til hver af provinskredsene.

Valgkredsene
Valgkredsene med tilhørerende kommuner:
 Reykjavík Nord og Reykjavík Syd kredsene omfatter hver halvdelen af Reykjavík kommune - den nøjagtige grænse mellem Syd og Nord kredsene reguleres forud for hvert altingsvalg for at sikre en nogenlunde ligelig befolkningsfordling mellem kredsene.
 Sydveskredsen:
 Hafnarfjarðarkaupstaður, Garðabær, Álftanes, Kópavogsbær, Seltjarnarneskaupstaður, Mosfellsbær og Kjósarhreppur.
 Sydkredsen:
 Sveitarfélagið Hornafjörður, Skaftárhreppur, Mýrdalshreppur, Rangárþing eystra, Rangárþing ytra, Ásahreppur, Vestmannaeyjabær, Flóahreppur, Sveitarfélagið Árborg, Skeiða- og Gnúpverjahreppur, Hrunamannahreppur, Bláskógabyggð, Grímsnes- og Grafningshreppur, Hveragerðisbær, Sveitarfélagið Ölfus, Grindavíkurkaupstaður, Sandgerðisbær, Sveitarfélagið Garður, Reykjanesbær og Sveitarfélagið Vogar.
 Nordøstkredsen:
 Fjallabyggð, Grímseyjarhreppur, Dalvíkurbyggð, Arnarneshreppur, Hörgárbyggð, Akureyrarkaupstaður, Eyjafjarðarsveit, Svalbarðsstrandarhreppur, Grýtubakkahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Skútustaðahreppur, Aðaldælahreppur, Norðurþing, Tjörneshreppur, Svalbarðshreppur, Langanesbyggð, Vopnafjarðarhreppur, Fljótsdalshérað, Fljótsdalshreppur, Borgarfjarðarhreppur, Seyðisfjarðarkaupstaður, Fjarðabyggð, Breiðdalshreppur og Djúpavogshreppur.
 Nordvestkredsen:
 Akraneskaupstaður, Hvalfjarðarsveit, Skorradalshreppur, Borgarbyggð, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Snæfellsbær, Grundarfjarðarbær, Helgafellssveit, Stykkishólmsbær, Dalabyggð, Reykhólahreppur, Vesturbyggð, Tálknafjarðarhreppur, Bolungarvíkurkaupstaður, Ísafjarðarbær, Súðavíkurhreppur, Árneshreppur, Kaldrananeshreppur, Strandabyggð, Bæjarhreppur, Húnaþing vestra, Húnavatnshreppur, Blönduósbær, Höfðahreppur, Skagabyggð, Sveitarfélagið Skagafjörður og Akrahreppur.

Kilder
 Helgi Kristinsson: Íslenska stjórnkerfið. Háskólaútgáfan 2006.
 Ágrip af þróun stjórnarskrárinnar udgivet af Altingets Forfatningsudvalg (Stjórnarskrárnefndar)

Eksterne henvisninger
 Lov om valg til Altinget
 Afgørelse fra den nationale valgkommission om ændring af valgkredse efter valget i 2003. (oprindelig URL)
 Forklaring af reglerne for ligevægtsligningen. (oprindelig URL)

Noter

Valgkredse
Islands politik

Islands valgkredse


علم المكسيك  يتكون من ثلاثة ألوان عمودية (الأخضر والأبيض والأحمر) مع شعار البلاد الوطني المرسوم في وسط الشريط الأبيض. تم تبني هذه الألوان الثلاثة من قبل المكسيك بعد الاستقلال عن إسبانيا خلال حرب الاستقلال والإمبراطورية الأولى، وإن تغير معنى هذه الألوان مع مرور الوقت. تم تعديل شكل الشعار آخر مرة في عام 1968، ولكن التصميم العام مستخدم منذ عام 1821 عندما تم تصميم العلم الوطني الأول.

الأحمر والأبيض والأخضر هي ألوان جيش التحرير الوطني في المكسيك. الشعار في وسط العلم هو شعار الدولة المكسيكية، وهو مبني على رمز تينوتشتيتلان (الآن مكسيكو سيتي) عند الأزتك، حيث كانت المدينة مركز إمبراطورية الأزتك. وهو يصور نسرا يجلس على نبتة صبار وهو يلتهم ثعبانًا، حيث أشار النسر للأزتك إلى حيث يؤسسون مدينتهم تينوتشتيتلان. وهناك شريط من الألوان الوطنية في الجزء السفلي من شعار النبالة. تغير العلم عدة مرات على مدار التاريخ، وكذلك تصميم الشعار ونسبة الطول للعرض. إلا أن الشعار ظل يحمل نفس الخصائص: نسر يحمل ثعبانا في مخلبه ويقف على رأس نبتة صبار؛ ويقف الصبار على صخرة فوق بحيرة. أتى الشعار من أساطير الأزتك بأن آلهتهم أخبرتهم ببناء مدينة حيث يرصدون نسرًا على صبار يأكل ثعبانا، وهي الآن مكسيكو سيتي.

يحكم القانون الحالي للرموز الوطنية استخدام العلم الوطني كما كان قائما منذ عام 1984. ويستخدم العلم الوطني الحالي أيضا كراية البحرية المكسيكية من قبل السفن المسجلة في المكسيك.

التصميم والرمزية

يمكن الاطلاع على التصميم الرسمي للعلم المكسيكي في المادة 3 من قانون الشعارات والعلم والنشيد الوطني الذي صدر في عام 1984. لم يتم تحديد درجات الألوان بدقة حسب القانون، ولكن تم تسجيلها في عام 2001 بشكل شخصي إلى جمعية أعلام العالم، واقترحت وزارة الداخلية (Secretaría de Gobernación) استعمال الدرجات التالية في نظام البانتون؛  ولكن الوزارة لم تحكم رسميًا في الأمر. ولا توجد حتى الآن وثائق مطبوعة رسمية أو بيان عن درجات الألوان. تم استخدام ألوان البانتون المدرجة أدناه من قبل اللجنة المنظمة في لندن لدورة الألعاب الأولمبية وأولمبياد المعاقين المحدودة في «دليل الأعلام» الخاص بها. في حين اقترح دليل أعلام أولمبياد بكين عام 2008 درجات أخرى.

تُملي الفقرة ما يجب أن يظهر على العلم ونسبه أيضًا. يتم الاحتفاظ بنسخ من العلم الوطني التي تم إعدادها وفقًا لهذا القانون في موقعين: الأرشيف الوطني العام (Archivo General de la Nación) والمتحف الوطني للتاريخ (Museo Nacional de Historia).

الاختلافات مع العلم الإيطالي

رغم أن الألوان الثلاثة المكسيكية (خضراء، بيضاء، حمراء) تم استخدامها بشكل مستمر لفترة أقدم من العلم الإيطالي، فقد تم استخدام العلم الإيطالي ثلاثي الألوان المشابه لفترة وجيزة في أوروبا في وقت اعتماد العلم المكسيكي،  على سبيل المثال من قبل الجمهورية الألبية، ولكن كانت أبعاده مختلفة عن العلم الإيطالي الحديث.

يستخدم العلمان نفس الألوان، لكن العلم المكسيكي يحتوي على درجة أدكن من اللون الأخضر والأحمر (خاصة الأخضر). كما تعتمد هذه الأعلام أبعادا مختلفة: نسبة العرض إلى الارتفاع للعلم الإيطالي هي 2:3 (1 إلى 1.5)، في حين أن نسبة العرض إلى الارتفاع للعلم المكسيكي هي 4:7 (1 إلى 1.75)، ما يجعل شكله أطول.

مراجع

أعلام المكسيك
أعلام تكساس
مكسيك
ثقافة مكسيكية
رموز المكسيك الوطنية

علم المكسيك


Nationale mesterskaber i landevejscykling 2017 startede i Australien og New Zealand i januar. De fleste andre mesterskaber arrangeres i sidste uge i juni, før Tour de France.

Resultater

Eksterne henvisninger
 Oversigt hos ProcyclingStats

Cykelløb i 2017
2017


Sigitas Geda (născut Sigitas Zigmas Geda), () a fost un poet lituanian, traducător, dramaturg, eseist, critic și membru al mișcării de independență lituaniană, Sajudis, și membru al parlamentului lituanian, Seimas.

Viața

Primii ani
Sigitas Geda s-a născut la 4 februarie 1943 în satul Paterai, districtul Lazdijai din Lituania, părinții săi fiind Zigmas Geda și Aleksandra Gedienė. El a fost al patrulea din cei șapte copii ai acestora.

Educație și carieră
În 1961, a terminat liceul Veisiejai. Sigitas Geda a studiat la Facultatea de Istorie și Filologie a Universității Vilnius, unde s-a specializat în limba și literatura lituaniană.  Colecția sa Pėdos (Urme de pași) a fost publicată în 1966.

În 1967, a lucrat pentru săptămânalul Kalba Vilnius, iar din 1967 până în anul 1975 în redacția revistei Mūsų gamta (Natura noastră), dar a fost demis din cauza activității politice. Între 1988 - 1990 a fost Secretar al Uniunii Scriitorilor Lituanieni. Din 1992 a fost editor al săptămânalului Šiaurės Atėnai (Atena Nordului).

Sigitas Geda a fost, de asemenea, o figură principală în Mișcarea de susținere a Perestroikăi  sau Sąjūdis (în  - LPS). O perioadă, Geda s-a retras din viața publică în Lituania independentă din cauza disprețului său față de corupție și lupte.

A decedat la 12 decembrie 2008 (la vârsta de 65 de ani), în Vilnius și a fost înhumat în cimitirul Antakalnis.

Poezia lui Geda a fost tradusă în limba engleză de Kerry Shawn Keys.

În poezia lui Geda există o legătură constantă între ceea ce exista în preistorie și astăzi; o căutare a memoriei mitice universale, o dezvăluire a vechii literaturi lituaniene, a poeziei orientale, arta medievală, biblia, mitologiile antice. Pământul, spațiul și omul sunt percepuți ca parteneri egali, cântând un cântec al vieții. Poezia sa este despre reînnoirea constantă a lumii, iar subiectul liric se schimbă în mod constant, fiind transformat, în același timp, în mai multe fragmente de timp și spațiu: este la fel de important pentru mit, istorie și experiența zilnică personală. Încercând să înțeleagă geneza limbajului, cuvintele și fenomenele individuale, Geda experimentează cu limba, folosind metafore sexuale. Poetul în mod constant surprinde cititorii cu înțelepciune și pricepere.

Premii
1982 - Premiul Festivalului Primăvara poeziei (Poezijos pavasaris).

1994 - Premiul Național Lituanian

1998 - Premiul Adunării Baltice pentru Literatură, Arte și Știință.

2002 - Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor Lituanieni (Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos premija) pentru colecția de poezii Sokratas kalbasi su vėju (Socrate vorbește cu vântul).

2003 - Marea Cruce a Ordinului de Merit din Lituania (Ordino "Už nuopelnus Lietuvai" Didysis kryžius) prin decretul nr. 2042.

Bibliografie

Bibliografie în limba lituaniană

Lucrări originale
 Pėdos: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1966.
 Strazdas: poema. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1967.
 Panteistinė oratorija: librete. 1970.
 Užmigę žirgeliai: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1970.
 26 rudens ir vasaros giesmės: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1972.
 Velnio nuotaka: scenariu, 1974.
 Mėnulio žiedai: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1977.
 Baltojo Nieko dainelės: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1977.
 Paskutinės pagonių apeigos: libretas, 1978.
 Marių paukštė: libretas, 1979.
 Mėlynas autobusiukas: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1980.
 Dainuojantis ir šokantis mergaitės vieversėlis: 7 piane rinkinys. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1981.
 Înainte de a începe Snaigyno ezere: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1981.
 Meilė ir mirtis Veronoje: libretas, 1982.
 Varnėnas po mėnuliu: eilėraščiai ir poemos. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1984.
 Vasara su peliuku Miku: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1984.
 Strazdas - žalias paukštis: libretas, 1984.
 Mamutų tėvynė: eilėraščiai ir poemos. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1985.
 Baltoji varnelė: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1985.
 Praniukas pramaniūgas: trumpi ir ilgi eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1986.
 Kaulo Senis ant geležinio kalno: libretas, 1987.
 Pasaulio medis: libretas, 1987.
 Žalio gintaro vėriniai: eilių romanas. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1988.
 Karalaitė ant svarstyklių: poemos ir eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1989.
 Ejys ir Grigo ratai: Ždžiai apie kitus. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1989.
 Magiškas sanskrito ratas: libretas, 1989.
 Strazdas - žalias paukštis: scenariu, 1989.
 Septynių vasarų giesmės: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1991.
 Močiutės dainos: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1991.
 Babilono atstatymas: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1994.
 Eilėraščiai: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 1997.
 Valkataujantis katinas: 101 eilėraštis vaikams. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 1997.
 Jotvingių mišios: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Andrena, 1997.
 Gedimino valstybės fragmentas: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1997.
 Skrynelė dvasioms pagauti: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1998.
 Man grajiausias klebonas - varnėnas: pokalbiai apie poeziją ir apie gyvenimą. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1998.
 Žydintys lubinai piliakalnių fone: septynių vasarų dienoraščiai. - Vilnius: Seimo leidykla, 1999. Gabrielės Petkevičaitės-Bitės premija
 Valkataujantis katinas: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 1999.
 Baltoji varnelė: eilėraščiai. 2-asis leidimas. - Vilnius: Alma littera, 2000.
 Sokratas kalbasi su vėju: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2001.
 Siužetą siūlau nušauti: esė rinkinys. - Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 2002.
 Biomasă biopsie / biopsie de iarnă: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 2002.
 Așteptătoarele sunt următoarele: Jabaniškėmis: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Presvika, 2003.
 Žiemos biopsija: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 2002.
 Adolėlio kalendoriai: dienoraščiai, gyvavaizdžiai, užrašai, tyrinėjimai. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2003.
 Strazdelio dainos: vieno gyvenimo rinktinė. - Vilnius: Kronta, 2005.
 Pelytė Sidabrytė: pasaka. - Vilnius: "Baltų lankų" leidyba, 2004.
 Testamentas mažai mergaitei: kai kas mažiems, kai kas ir ...: 75 eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Încearcă să înfrunte, 2006.
 Poezija / Sigitas Geda. - Vilnius, 2006.
 Aukso karietaitė: eilėraščiai vaikams. - Vilnius: Kronta, 2006.
 Miegantis Teodendronas: senieji jotvingių eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2006
 Freskos. Eilėraščiai ir poemos. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2012.

Traduceri

 Kornejus Čiukovskis. Painiava: poemėlė. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1972.
 L. Nadis. Poezija. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1972.
 Johanesas Bobrovskis. Sarmațios metas: eilėraščiai / carte su B. Savukynu. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1974.
 Dede Gorgudo sakmės / carte su V. Arzumanovu. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1978.
 Celanas Paulis. Aguona ir atmintis: eilėraščiai / carte su V. Karalium - Vilnius: Vaga, 1979.
 Sergejus Jeseninas. Ieva: eilėraščiai. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1983.
 Giesmių giesmė. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1983.
 Vahagnas Davtianas. Granatmedžių dienos: eilėraščiai ir poema / carte su E. Mieželaičiu - Vilnius: Vaga, 1986.
 D. Džalilas. Kurdų sakmės: vyresniam mokykliniam amžiui. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1987.
 Vaikystės rytmetėliai: latvių vaikų poezija / sudarė Evaldas Juchnevičius. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1988.
 Lekia mano žirgelis: latvių dainos: viduriniam ir vyresniam mokykliniam amžiui. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1989.
 Gėlė ir poezija: japonų hokus (haikus), tankos, ikebanos / carte su R. Neimantu. - Kaunas: Orientas, 1992.
 Psalmių knygos. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1997.
 Panditas Bilhanas. Penkiasdešimt posmų apie slaptąjį meilės džiaugsmą: poema. - Vilnius: Žuvėdra, 1998.
 Dante Alighieri. Data expirării: eilėraščiai su proziniais komentarais / kartu su I. Tuliševskaite. - Vilnius: Vyturys, 1998.
 François Villon. Rinktinė poezija. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų s-gos l-kla, 1999.
 Graikų mūza. - Vilnius: Jandrija, 1999.
 Jaan Kaplinski. Vakaras grąžina viską: poezija. - Vilnius: Andrena, 1999.
 Grigoras Narekaci. Sielvartingų giedojimų knygos. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1999.
 Edgar Lee Masters. Spun Riverio antologija: epitafijos. - Vilnius: Adrena, 2000.
 Servus, Madonna: mažoji meilės antologija. - Vilnius: UAB "Meralas", 2000.
 Josif Brodskij. Poezija. - Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 2001.
 Omaras Chajamas. Rubajatai. - Vilnius: Presvika, 2002.
 Arthur Rimbaud. Sezonas pragare; Nušvitimai / carte su J. Mečkașku-Meškėla - Vilnius: Andrena: Dictum, 2003.
 Charles Baudelaire. Piktybės gėlės: poezija. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2005.
 AA Milne. Kai mes buvome maži: eilėraščiai vaikams. - Vilnius: Garnelis, 2005.
 Dante Alighieri. Dieviškoji komedija. Pragaras: poezija. - Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2007.
 Koranas: Literatūrinių prasmių vertimas. - Vilnius, Kronta, 2008.
 William Shakespeare. Sonetai - Vilnius, Žara, 2009.
 Tarielis Čanturija. Iš gruzinų poezijos. Poezijos pavasaris 1978. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1978

Bibliografie în engleză

 Poezii selectate de Sigitas Geda, Biopsia iernii, traducere din limba lituaniană, Vaga Press, 2002
 Prefață la Treisprezece poezii de Sigitas Geda de Jonas Zdanys

Referințe

Vezi și
 Listă de scriitori lituanieni

Nașteri în 1943
Decese în 2008
Poeți lituanieni
Traducători din secolul al XX-lea
Poeți din secolul al XX-lea
Traducători lituanieni
Scriitori lituanieni

Sigitas Geda


Ilindan, kod Bošnjaka Aliđun, blagdan je koji se u Rimokatoličkoj Crkvi slavi 20. srpnja, a u Pravoslavnoj Crkvi i kod Bošnjaka 2. kolovoza. Na Ilindan slavi se Sveti Ilija.

Kod Slavena
Štovanje Svetog Ilije, Svetog Vida i Svetog Mihovila potječe iz razdoblja dvovjerja kada su njihova štovanja zamijenila slavenskog boga Peruna. Originalno se 20. kolovoza obilježava Perunova svetkovina.

Kod Hrvata
Ilindan se češće slavi kod Hrvata u Bosni i Hercegovini nego kod Hrvata u Hrvatskoj. Hrvati u Bosni i Hercegovini slave ga kao zaštitnika Bosne i Hercegovine. Korijeni tog sežu iz vremena kad je biskup fra Pavao Dragićević tražio je od Svete Stolice da se Sveti Ilija slavi kao zaštitnik bosanskog kraljevstva. Sveta Stolica udovoljila je njegovom zahtjevu dokumentom od 26. kolovoza 1752. godine. Prema mišljenju biskupa mons. dr. Mile Bogovića, razlog papinskog odobrenja je taj što Svetog Iliju štuju i pravoslavci i muslimani.

Izvori

Vidi još
 Ilindenski ustanak

Vanjske poveznice

Kršćanski blagdani

Ilindan


Philippe Pinchemel (Amiens, Somme, Francia, 10 de junio de 1923 - Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, Francia, 16 de marzo de 2008), fue un geógrafo francés, que aportó al campo de la geografía, varios enfoques de su definición y contextualización.

Carrera
Estudiante de la Escuela Superior de Amiens (donde encontró su «"vocación"» como geógrafo), se convirtió en discípulo de André Cholley para poder avanzar hacia en el estudio de la geografía. De acuerdo con la tradición académica de la época, fue compatible con dos tesis: una en la geomorfología de llanuras dedicadas a la creta de la cuenca de París y Londres y la otra en la geografía humana, dedicada a la despoblación rural en Picardía.

Profesor y catedrático de la Universidad de Lille (1954 hasta 1965), se centró en la geografía urbana y la industrial, un tema que seguirá investigando a mediados de 1960. Dictó la enseñanza de la geografía urbana en el Urban Institute de la Universidad de París. Estudió con varios compañeros geógrafos y sociólogos del subdesarrollo del Norte. Pinchemel dio trecho en el campo de la investigación de la tierra, mediante el estudio de la aplicación de las universidades, o el tema de las urbanizaciones, donde promovió el diseño del geógrafo planificador, es decir, la postura del investigador que pone su conocimiento a la acción.

Nombrado profesor en la Sorbona en la década de 1960, se reunió con los geógrafos marxistas como Peter George. En ebullición ideológica e intelectual en la universidad, el interés en la epistemología y la historia de la disciplina crece con Philippe Pinchemel. En 1967, fundó con el medievalista Michel Mollat el Jordán Centro de Historia de la geografía y la geografía histórica. En consonancia con sus preocupaciones, fue nombrado en 1968 por Jean Dresch Presidente de la Comisión para la historia del pensamiento geográfico en la Unión Geográfica Internacional, responsable de la renovación de los problemas epistemológicos de la disciplina. Del mismo modo, sería Presidente de la Comisión de la epistemología y la historia de la geografía (1973-1988) del Comité Nacional de Geografía francés.

Legado
Pinchemel dejó grandes investigaciones sobre el sujeto epistemológico y los intentos de definir la geografía (el análisis de su fundación), objetos (que ayuda a definir los conceptos básicos de la comunidad, región y territorio natural), los métodos y herramientas (incluyendo el estudio de los sistemas espaciales). Reclamar el legado de Paul Vidal de la Blache, a él le gusta citar el famoso dicho de que la geografía es la ciencia de los lugares y no de los hombres. Frente a la evolución de la geografía contemporánea de las ciencias sociales, que tiene que ver con el enfoque de la geografía lo que él llama la interfaz terrestre. En esta parte de la interfaz de dos procesos: humanizar (o transformación del medio natural) y espacial (o la organización espacial de los postes, redes, los límites administrativos o políticos).

Philippe dio a conocer las grandes obras de la "nueva geografía" inglesa, traducido y editado en la década de 1970, "El Análisis Espacial en Geografía Humana", por Peter Haggett y "La geografía de los mercados y el comercio detalle "de Brian Berry. Desde la década de 1990, Philippe Pinchemel publicó la colección de la Junta de Obras históricas y científicas de obras de los geógrafos (a menudo olvidado o ignorado por la comunidad científica) para ayudar a aclarar la base de la geografía (epistemológico e histórico) y demostrar que seguiría para definir su "esencia". Así se publicó en Francia la Historia del Pensamiento Geográfico en el Inglés geógrafo Clarence J. Glacken o publicado el Hombre y la tierra de Eric Dardel 9, el trabajo no sólo ha influenciado a muchos geógrafos contemporáneos, sino también a obras de los años de la guerra poco conocido como "Blanco y Negro" por Jacques Weulersse y " los pueblos y naciones de los Balcanes "por Jacques Ancel.

Algunas publicaciones
 Visages de la Picardie, (bajo su dirección) Horizons de France, 176 p. 1949.

 Les Plaines de craie de nord ouest du basin parisien et du sud-est du bassin de Londres et leurs bordures : étude de géomorphologie (de su tesis de doctorado: Études morphologiques sur le Nord-Ouest du bassin parisien et le Sud-Est du bassin de Londres, 1952), Armand Colin, 502 p. 1954.

 Structures sociales et dépopulation rurale dans les campagnes picardes de 1836 à 1936 (de su tesis de doctorado: Essai méthodologique d'étude des structures sociales et de la dépopulation rurale dans les campagnes picardes de 1836-1936, 1952), 236 p. Armand Colin, 1957.

 Géographie de la France, tomo 1 : Les Conditions naturelles et humaines, Armand Colin, 1964 (muchas reediciones y actualizaciones).

 Géographie de la France, tomo 2 : Les Milieux, campagnes, industrie et villes, Armand Colin, 1964 (muchas reediciones y actualizaciones).

 Visages de Picardie (bajo su dirección) Horizons de France, 197 p. 1967

 Campus et urbanisme universitaire : étude comparative de quelques implantations universitaires en France et à l'étranger, (bajo su dirección) SEGESA, 296 p. 1969.

 La Région parisienne, PUF, 128 p. 1979.

 La France, tomo 1 : Milieux naturels, population, politique, (sous sa direction), Armand Colin, 327 p., 1980 (muchas reediciones y actualizaciones).

 La France, tomo 2 : Activités, milieux ruraux et urbains (sous sa direction), Armand Colin, 415 p. 1980 (muchas reediciones y actualizaciones).

 Deux siècles de géographie. Choix de textes, (dirigido con Marie-Claire Robic y Jean-Louis Tissier) Ed. CHTS, 1984.

comentario biblio consultar la tabla de materias en el sitio Comité de trabajos históricos y científico pdf

 Lire les paysages, N.º 6088, La documentation française, 1987.

 La Face de la Terre. Éléments de géographie (con Geneviève Pinchemel) Armand Colin, 519 p. 1988 (muchas reediciones).

 La Terre écrite (con Pierre Clergeot) Ed. Publi-Topex, 69 p. 2001.

 Géographes, une intelligence de la terre (con Geneviève Pinchemel) Ed. Arguments, 295 p. 2005 ISBN 2-909109-33-X

comentario biblio Colección de treinta artículos de los autores publicados en revistas entre 1944 y 2004 que ilustra su carrera (en la quinta parte : « Le terrain et la quête des formes », « Les méthodes », « L'histoire de la discipline », « La définition de la géographie » « Les engagements »).

Honores
Fue galardonado el 3 de octubre de 2004, con el Prix International de Géographie Vautrin Lud, considerado el "Premio Nobel" de la geografía, que corona su investigación y sus contribuciones a la disciplina.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Artículo sobre las definiciones de la Geografía

Geógrafos de Francia del siglo XX
Profesores de la Universidad de Lille I
Nacidos en Amiens

Philippe Pinchemel


An Ambrosina bassii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Ambrosina bassii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ambrosina, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ambrosina

Ambrosina bassii


Renato Boccardo (Sant'Ambrogio di Torino, Província de Torino, Itália, 21 de dezembro de 1952) é arcebispo de Spoleto-Norcia.

Boccardo, natural do Piemonte, foi seminarista no Almo Collegio Capranica de Roma e foi ordenado sacerdote pela diocese de Susa em 25 de junho de 1977.

Em 1982 entrou ao serviço da Santa Sé como diplomata e trabalhou nas Nunciaturas Apostólicas na Bolívia, Camarões e França. O Papa João Paulo II concedeu-lhe o título honorário de capelão de Sua Santidade (Monsenhor) em 20 de janeiro de 1986. Em 8 de julho de 1992, João Paulo II nomeou-o chefe do Ministério da Juventude do Pontifício Conselho para os Leigos; Nesta posição, foi responsável pelas Jornadas Mundiais da Juventude 1993, 1995, 1997 e 2000 e pela peregrinação da juventude europeia a Loreto em 1995.

Em 22 de junho de 1994, João Paulo II concedeu-lhe o título de Prelado Honorário de Sua Santidade e em 29 de novembro de 2003 o nomeou Bispo titular de Aquipendium e Secretário do Pontifício Conselho para as Comunicações Sociais. Ao mesmo tempo, ele servia como marechal de viagens papal. Ele foi ordenado bispo pelo Cardeal Secretário de Estado Angelo Sodano em 24 de janeiro de 2004 na Basílica de São Pedro. Renato Boccardo escolheu o lema Non erubesco evangelium ("Não me envergonho do evangelho"), que vem da carta de Paulo aos Romanos (Rom 1,16 UE). Em 22 de fevereiro de 2005, João Paulo II o nomeou Secretário-Geral do Governador do Estado do Vaticano. Nessa função, Boccardo também foi responsável pela organização técnica e logística da vaga Sedis em abril de 2005.

Em 16 de julho de 2009, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou Arcebispo de Spoleto-Norcia. A posse ocorreu no dia 11 de outubro do mesmo ano.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Itália

Renato Boccardo


is a 1971 Japanese kaiju film directed by Yoshimitsu Banno, with special effects by Teruyoshi Nakano. Produced and distributed by Toho Co., Ltd., it is the 11th film in the Godzilla franchise, and features the fictional monster characters Godzilla and Hedorah. The film stars Akira Yamauchi, Toshie Kimura, and Hiroyuki Kawase, and features Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla and Kenpachiro Satsuma as Hedorah. Satsuma would go on to portray Godzilla in later Godzilla films.

Godzilla vs. Hedorah features an environmentalist message, with the malevolent Hedorah being spawned from pollution. The film was released theatrically in Japan on July 24, 1971. It received a theatrical release in the United States under the title Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster in July 1972 by American International Pictures, as a double feature with the American film The Dethmaster.

Plot
The microscopic alien life-form Hedorah feeds on Earth's pollution and grows into a poisonous, acid-secreting sea monster. After he sinks an oil tanker and attacks Dr. Toru Yano and his young son Ken Yano, scarring the doctor, Hedorah's toxic existence is revealed to the public. Ken Yano has visions of Godzilla fighting the world's pollution and insists Godzilla will come to humankind's aid against Hedorah.

Hedorah metamorphoses into an amphibious form, allowing him to move onto land to feed on additional sources of pollution. Hedorah, having emerged at a power station to consume pollutant gases from the smokestacks, is confronted by Godzilla. Hedorah is easily overpowered by Godzilla and retreats into the sea. During the fight, however, several pieces of his new body are flung nearby, which then crawl back into the sea to grow anew and allow the monster to become even more powerful. He returns shortly thereafter in a flying saucer-like shape, then assuming his strongest form of all, his "Perfect Form", which demonstrates some of the strongest powers he has access to yet.

Thousands of people die in Hedorah's raids and even Godzilla is unable to defend against Hedorah's poisonous emissions. As hope sinks, a party is thrown on Mt. Fuji to celebrate one last day of life before Japan - and then, the rest of the world - succumbs to Hedorah. Ken Yano, Yukio Keuchi, Miki Fujinomiya, and the other partygoers realize that Godzilla and Hedorah have come to Mt. Fuji as well for a decisive confrontation. During the battle, Godzilla fights valiantly against Hedorah, but is overpowered by the amorphous alien, losing an eye and having his hand burnt to the bone by Hedorah's acidic body tissues, which corrodes anything it comes into contact with. Finally, Godzilla is almost killed by Hedorah after Hedorah hurls Godzilla into a giant pit, then proceeds to attempt to drown Godzilla in a deluge of chemical sludge.

Dr. Toru Yano and his wife Toshie Yano has determined that drying out Hedorah's body may destroy the otherwise unkillable monster. While Godzilla and Hedorah fought, the JSDF swiftly constructed two gigantic electrodes for this purpose, and attempted to fire them, giving Godzilla the chance to return to the fight.

All of a sudden the electrodes short out, the power cut off by Godzilla and Hedorah's violent battle. Godzilla reactivates and energises the electrodes with his atomic heat ray, dehydrating Hedorah's outer body. Hedorah sheds this outer body and takes flight to escape, but Godzilla propels himself through the air with his atomic heat ray to give chase. Godzilla drags Hedorah back to the electrodes and continues to dehydrate him until Hedorah is on the brink of defeat. Godzilla tears open Hedorah's dried-out body and exposes it to the electrodes again, dehydrating the pieces until nothing remains but dust.

Godzilla returns to the sea, but not before pausing to gaze sternly at the surviving humans. Ken Yano bids goodbye to Godzilla.

Cast

Production

Director Banno initially conceived the idea for Godzilla vs. Hedorah after seeing cities like Yokkaichi covered in black smog and the ocean filled with foam from dumped detergent and formulated the story of an alien tadpole transforming into a monster as a result of the pollution.

The film marked director Banno's directorial debut; however, the budget for Godzilla vs. Hedorah was significantly lower than previous Godzilla films. Banno was only given 35 days to shoot the film and only had one team available to shoot both the drama and monster effects scenes. Veteran Godzilla director Ishirō Honda was later tasked by producer Tomoyuki Tanaka to watch Banno's rough cut and provide advice.

Kenpachiro Satsuma, the actor who played Hedorah, was struck with appendicitis shortly after production as he was giving a publicity interview to a newspaper while only loosely wearing the heavy Hedorah costume. He had to be rushed off to surgery. During the appendectomy, Satsuma learned that painkillers had no effect on him.

Director Yoshimitsu Banno was going to make a sequel to this film, but it was scrapped due to the fact that Tomoyuki Tanaka reportedly hated Godzilla vs. Hedorah, so he fired Yoshimitsu Banno. The next film was going to be called Godzilla vs. Redmoon, but this was scrapped and later became Daigoro vs. Goliath, then they planned a new film called Godzilla vs. The Space Monsters: Earth Defensive Directive, but this was also scrapped and then became The Return of King Ghidorah, which was also scrapped, after which they ultimately made Godzilla vs. Gigan.

The film also includes animated sequences, which were intended to convey the environmental message.

Release

English versions
The film was released in February 1972 by American International Pictures under the title Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster. There were several small alterations: dialogue was dubbed into English by Titan Productions, several shots with Japanese text were replaced with English or textless equivalents, additional sound effects and foley were added to some scenes, and the song "Save the Earth" (based on "Give Back the Sun!", a song in the original Japanese version of the film) was added. This version was rated 'G' by the MPAA, and the same version was given an 'A' certificate by the BBFC for its UK theatrical release in 1975.

The AIP version has been replaced in the North American home video and television markets (including Sony's DVD and Kraken Releasing's DVD and Blu-ray) by Toho's international version, titled Godzilla vs. Hedorah. This version features the original English dub produced in Hong Kong and by extension lacks the English-language song "Save the Earth". This version was first broadcast in the United States by the Sci-Fi Channel on January 20, 1996.

Critical reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 64% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10.

Upon its release in England, Alan Cookman of the Evening Sentinel called the film a "curious—and curiously fascinating—Japanese import [that] is more of a tongue-in-cheek effort than you might imagine", venturing that six-to-twelve-year-olds would likely enjoy it most. He added that, "With wide screen, good colour and effects which include occasional lapses into animation and splitscreen, it is technically quite impressive. Twenty years ago I would have lapped it up."

The U.S. dubbed version of the film was featured in the 1978 book The Fifty Worst Films of All Time, written by Harry Medved with Randy Dreyfuss.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, in his 1985 review of Godzilla 1985, cited Godzilla vs. Hedorah as his favorite of the Godzilla movies.

In 1998, a reviewer for Stomp Tokyo wrote that the film has "many obvious, crippling flaws" but praised the monster action, and commended the lack of reliance on stock footage and the effort put into the animated segments. In 2004, Stuart Galbraith IV, writing for DVD Talk, stated that the film "earns points for trying something new, to break away from what was fast becoming a tired formula. The film isn't as entertaining as Godzilla vs. Gigan or Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla, but it is more original and daring, and ... fans will want to pick [it] up."

In their 2018 book Japan's Green Monsters, Sean Rhoads and Brooke McCorkle offer an ecocritical assessment of Godzilla vs. Hedorah. The scholars argue that viewing Godzilla vs. Hedorah through three lenses—those being Japanese environmental history, the monster movie genre, and the historical trends that crippled the Japanese film industry—provides a new understanding of the film and Banno's intentions. Rhoads and McCorkle specifically counter prior poor reviews of the film like those proffered by Medved and Galbraith, and argue that Godzilla vs. Hedorah possesses deeper environmental appeals than the obvious ones present on the film's surface.

Home media
The film was released on VHS by Orion Pictures in 1989 and on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on October 19, 2004. The film received another DVD release and a Blu-ray release by Kraken Releasing on May 6, 2014. A video transfer of Godzilla vs. The Smog Monster was released in Canada on DVD packaged with Godzilla vs. Megalon by Digital Disc. In 2019, the Japanese version was included in a Blu-ray box set released by the Criterion Collection, which included all 15 films from the franchise's Shōwa era.

In 2021, Toho premiered a 4K remaster of the film on the Nippon Classic Movie Channel, along with seven other Godzilla films also remastered in 4K. The film was downscaled to 2K for broadcast.

Legacy
After director Yoshimitsu Banno finished directing Godzilla vs. Hedorah, he began work on creating another installment in the Godzilla series. Like his first Godzilla movie, Banno had wanted the next film to have a strong message against pollution. The initial idea was that a mutant starfish-like monster named Deathla battles Godzilla. However, he scrapped this idea and wrote what was going to be Godzilla vs. Hedorah 2. In it, Godzilla was to fight another Hedorah, this time in Africa. Due to Tomoyuki Tanaka's reaction to Banno's first Godzilla film, this was never realized.

Banno spent several years trying to acquire funding for a 40-minute IMAX 3D Godzilla film starring a new version of Hedorah called Deathla. The project was tentatively titled Godzilla 3D: To The Max. The project was eventually scrapped but several members of the production team, including Banno, would work on the 2014 Godzilla. In November 2013, Banno stated that he still hoped to make a sequel to Godzilla vs. Hedorah, but died in 2017. He also served as an executive producer of Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) and Godzilla vs. Kong (2021), both of which were released after his death.

Cancelled sequel

Yoshimitsu Banno was so pleased with Godzilla vs. Hedorah that he started writing another Godzilla film. Banno began preparing a script for Godzilla vs. Hedorah 2. However, Tomoyuki Tanaka, who was hospitalized during the production of Godzilla vs. Hedorah, was extremely dissatisfied with the final product and went as far as to tell Banno that he had "ruined Godzilla." Tanaka prevented Banno from directing another Toho film afterwards and demoted him from director to producer on several upcoming films.

According to Banno though, from later interviews conducted with him, Godzilla vs. Hedorah 2 was actually still being worked on after he was removed from the project. Whether the film was going to keep its Africa setting at this stage is not known. The project was eventually scrapped and three more proposed projects would be introduced that following year before finally settling on Godzilla vs. Gigan (1972). In a 2014 interview, Banno stated that he read a Godzilla film history book from the US and that he was surprised to read that the next film would take place in Africa and that Tanaka had said that he had banned him from his director position.

A single remnant of Banno's intentions to produce a sequel exists in the finished film. At the end of the film, an illustration of Hedorah's tadpole form can be seen, followed by a black screen with red text stating "And another one?", implying that Banno was in the process of preparing, or had already prepared a sequel premise for approval.

References

Bibliography

External links

 Godzilla on the web (Japan)

1971 films
1970s Japanese-language films
1970s science fiction films
Environmental films
Films produced by Tomoyuki Tanaka
Films set in Shizuoka Prefecture
Films with live action and animation
Giant monster films
Godzilla films
Japanese science fiction films
Japanese sequel films
Kaiju films
1970s monster movies
Toho films
Films about viral outbreaks
1970s Japanese films

Godzilla vs. Hedorah


The Movement (em português "O Movimento") foi um termo cunhado pelo editor do jornal The Spectator, J. D. Scott, em 1954 para designar o grupo de escritores que incluíam Philip Larkin, Kingsley Amis, Donald Davie, D.J. Enright, John Wain, Elizabeth Jennings, Thom Gunn e Robert Conquest. O Movimento foi em suma parte Inglês, não tendo poetas de outras partes do Reino Unido envolvidos.

Descrição
Apesar de ser considerado um grupo literário, os membros viam a si mesmos mais como um movimento literário, onde cada escritor compartilhava uma proposta em comum. Para esses poetas, poesia de qualidade significava ser simples, tradicional e ao mesmo tempo sensível, e estruturalmente convencional e dignificada.

A importância do The Movement incluí sua visão de mundo, que circundava a queda do Império Britânico e a drástica redução do poder e da influência sobre a geopolítica mundial do Reino Unido. O objetivo do grupo era provar a importância da poesia inglesa tradicional, sobre as inovações americanas da poesia modernista. Contudo, os membros do The Movement não eram antimodernistas, mas sim opositores da literatura moderna, o que era refletido na Inglesidade de suas poesias.

O The Movement provocou a divisão da poesia britânica em diferentes formas. Os seus poemas eram nostálgicos de uma Inglaterra antiga e preenchida com imagens idílicas da forma de vida decadente nas vilas, no que a população Inglesa migrava do campo para a favelização na zona urbana.

Coleções antológicas
O The Movement produziu duas antologias, Poets of the 1950s (Poetas dos anos 50, editado por D. J. Enright, publicado no Japão em 1955) e New Lines (Novas Linhas, editado por Robert Conquest em 1956). Conquest, que editou a antologia New Lines, descreveu a conexão entre os poetas como "pouco mais do que uma determinação negativa para evitar maus princípios" Esses "maus princípios" são comumente descritos como "excesso", ambos em termos de tema e dispositivos estilísticos. Poetas incluídos na antologia New Lines são Enright, Conquest, Kingsley Amis, Donald Davia, Thom Gunn, John Holloway, Elizabeth Jennings, Philip Larkin e John Wain.

A introdução polêmica do New Lines mirava particularmente os poetas dos anos 40 e especialmente o legado literário de Dylan Thomas, que os poetas do The Movement acreditavam incorporar "tudo que eles detestavam: obscuridade verbal, pretensões metafísicas, e rapsódias românticas."

Em 1963, uma sequência para a antologia original New Lines, intitulada New Lines 2, foi publicada. Ela incluía muito dos autores da antologia original, mas também novos nomes da poesia, como Thomas Blackburn, Edwin Brock, Hilary Corke, John Fuller, Ted Hughes, Edward Lucie-Smith, Antonhy Thwaite e Hugo Williams.

Declínio
O movimento "Angry Young Men" (em português "Jovens raivosos" ou "Jovens irritados") ocorreu em 1956 durante a era de declínio do The Movement. David Lodge atribuiu o declínio do The Movement à publicação da antologia New Lines. Após esses eventos, o The Movement se tornou menos exclusivo. Membros não eram mais requeridos a provar sua obra, pois já eram aceitos como membros do mundo literário.

O The Movement foi sucedido nos anos 60 pelo "The Group", cujos membros incluiam Philip Hobsbaum, Alan Brownjohn, Adrian Mitchell, Peter Porter, Edward Lucie-Smith, George MacBeth, a escola de Crítica de Ian Hamilton e Childrens of Albion (Filhos de Albion) antologia de Michael Horovitz. O The Group era similar ao The Movement; eles compartilhavam os mesmos pensamentos sobre a forma e a seriedade da poesia moderna.

Notas

Bibliografia

 Enright, D. J. (editor), Poets of 1950s: An Anthology of New English Verse, Tóquio, Kenkyusha, 1955
 Morrison, Blake, The Movement, Oxford University Press, 1980

Referências

Movimentos literários
Literatura do Reino Unido
Movimentos da poesia moderna

The Movement (literatura)


Kurt Rummel (* 1. Juli 1878 in Aschaffenburg; † 14. Dezember 1953 in Düsseldorf) war ein deutscher Ingenieur.

Werdegang
Kurt Rummel studierte an den Technischen Hochschulen in Aachen und Berlin-Charlottenburg. Er
war nach seiner Promotion Leiter der Wärmestelle, später Kurator der Energie- und Betriebswirtschaftsstelle des Vereins Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (VDEh) in Düsseldorf. Ab 1933 war er Honorarprofessor für Stoffwirtschaft an der Technischen Hochschule Aachen. Rummel war Mitglied der SA. Er gehörte auch dem Verein Deutscher Ingenieure an.

Er veröffentlichte zur Wärmewirtschaft und zu Fragen des industriellen Rechnungswesens.

Ehrungen
 1953: Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
 Carl-Lueg-Gedenkmünze des VDEh
 Ernennung zum Dr. rer. pol. ehrenhalber

Literatur
 Walter Habel: Wer ist wer?: das Deutsche Who's Who. – Berlin: Arani, 1955

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Hütteningenieur
Hochschullehrer (RWTH Aachen)
SA-Mitglied
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes
Deutscher
Geboren 1878
Gestorben 1953
Mann

Kurt Rummel


An Dichelachne lautumia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elizabeth Edgar ngan Henry Eamonn Connor. An Dichelachne lautumia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dichelachne, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dichelachne

Dichelachne lautumia


Kawaii (Japansk かわいい, direkte oversat til elskværdig, nuttet, kærlig) er "nuttetheden" i japansk kultur. Kawaii beskriver oftest en stil (tegnestil, tøjstil, talemåde etc.), der bruges, og som primært er til for at være nuttet.

Tendensen er let at se i fx japanske tegnefilm, Harajuku-mode og flere japanske talemåder.

Kawaii er også blevet relativt populært i vesten, og kan også let ses i det danske samfund, når man dykker ned i subkulturerne.

Anime- og mangabegreber
Dresscode
Kultur i Japan

Kawaii


El Salto Yutajé (Cascadas de Yutajé) es una de las caídas de agua más importantes en el país suramericano de Venezuela, específicamente se localiza en la región de la Guayana venezolana, al norte del estado Amazonas en el Municipio Manapiare. Se trata de unas cascadas gemelas, que se cree nacen en el caño yutajé. Con 715 metros de altura es la segunda más alta del país después del Salto Ángel. Desde el 2 de noviembre de 1990 forma parte del Monumento Natural Serranía Yutaje Coro-Coro. Reciben su nombre debido al Río Yutajé y el cerro Yutajé, que en el dialecto indígena local, significa "espuma del río".

Véase también
Geografía de Venezuela
Geografía de América del Sur

Referencias

Cascadas de Venezuela
Geografía de Amazonas (Venezuela)
Monumentos naturales de Venezuela

Salto Yutajé


Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad AB (KMW) war eine Maschinenfabrik in der schwedischen Stadt Karlstad. Sie wurde 1860 von Gustaf Adolf Andersson als kleine Werkstatt zur Herstellung von Gussteilen und Kleinmaschinen gegründet und 1873 in eine Aktiengesellschaft umgewandelt.

Geschichte
Die Produktion war von Anfang an umfangreich und umfasste landwirtschaftliche Maschinen, Dampfkessel, Lokomobile und Eisenbahnzubehör. Ab den 1880er Jahren wurden in Karlstad vor allem Anlagen für die Papier- und Zellstoffindustrie hergestellt, zudem Wasserturbinen, Dampfmaschinen und Dampfschiffe. Die Fabrik war eine der ersten Werkstätten in Schweden, in der 1884 die elektrische Beleuchtung eingeführt wurde. Der Dynamo wurde von einer selbstgefertigten Dampfmaschine über einen Treibriemen angetrieben.

Kristinehamns Mekaniska Verkstad baute bis 1893 Dampflokomotiven. In diesem Jahr war die Wirtschaftslage so schlecht, dass die dortige Firmenleitung die Fertigungshalle mit Maschinen und Kränen an die Karlstads Mekaniska Verkstad vermietete. Eine zwischenzeitlich eingegangene Bestellung für eine Dampflokomotiver für die Hellfors bruk in ähnlicher Ausführung wie bereits gelieferte Lokomotiven wurde daher von der Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad in Karlstad gebaut. Es blieb die einzige Lok, die diese Fabrikhalle verließ.

Kristinehamn Mekaniska Verkstad wurde 1897 von Karlstads Mekaniska Verkstad erworben. In der dortigen Fabrikationsstätte wurden weiterhin Lokomotiven, einschließlich einer dritten Maschine für Hellefors, gebaut.

Ab 1899 entwickelte sich die Produktion mit moderneren Wasserturbinen. Die Produktion dieser Wasserturbinen und von Reglern wurde 1902 in den Werksteil Kristinehamn verlagert. In Karlstad konzentrierte man sich auf den Bau der Maschinen für den Zelluloseherstellung. Die ersten Wasserturbinen hatten selten mehr als 200 bis 300 PS. Die gebauten Aggregate wurden jedoch schnell effektiver. Bereits 1902 lieferte eine Turbine in Strömsnäs Jernverk in Degerfors 1500 PS. Ein paar Jahre später war das Turbinenwerk das größte seiner Art in Skandinavien.

1906 wurde ein Prüfstand errichtet, mit dem die hydraulischen Eigenschaften von Turbinen verschiedener Typen und Geschwindigkeiten untersucht werden konnten. 1914 kam ein neues Labor zur Prüfung von Turbinen-Modell mit kleinen Abmessungen hinzu. Die Werkstatt in Kristinehamn lieferte einen großen Teil der Anlagen für die schwedischen Wasserkraftwerke in Trollhättan, Älvkarleby und Untra. Lieferungen gingen auch in das Ausland wie an Svir in Russland, Rio Cinca in Spanien, Sagami in Japan oder Waihi in Neuseeland.

Als der Österreicher Viktor Kaplan seine Turbine mit verstellbaren Laufradschaufeln 1913 auf den Markt brachte, erhielt die Fabrik in Kristinehamn das Monopol zur Herstellung von Kaplan-Turbinen in Schweden. Die erste Turbine wurde 1922 vom schwedischen Staat für das Wasserkraftwerk bei Lilla Edet in Auftrag gegeben und 1926 geliefert. Der Wirkungsgrad war mit über 90 Prozent sehr hoch und bedeutete einen weltweiten Durchbruch dieser Turbinenbauart.

1920 entstand durch den Zusammenschluss von KMW mit den Myrens Verkstäder in Norwegen die neue Firma  Kamyr AB. Das neue Unternehmen wurde Weltmarktführer für die Fertigung von Produktionsanlagen zum Bleichen von Papier und später für Maschinen für die Herstellung von Papiermasse. Der in der Firma beschäftigte Ingenieur Johan Richter erhielt in diesem Bereich fast 800 Patente. Die Firma existiert bis heute und ist als Metso-Konzern führend in der Welt.

In der Zwischenkriegszeit entstanden Propellergondeln, so genannte KaMeWa-Propeller. Dieses Marktsegment wurde von Rolls-Royce übernommen, das die Propellergondeln und den so genannten Jetantrieb heute vertreibt. Viele Schiffe im zivilen wie im militärischen Bereich wie etwa die Fährschiffe Deutschland und Prins Richard, die Queen Mary 2 oder die Thetis-Klasse sind mit derartigen Antrieben ausgerüstet.

Zwischen 1936 und 1986 gehörte KMW zum Johnson-Konzern. Die Herstellung von Geräten für die Papierindustrie wurde 1986 von Valmet übernommen, das seit 1999 ebenfalls im Metso-Konzern integriert ist. Den Bau von Propellern übernahm Vickers.

Heute gibt es keinen Turbinenbau in Kristinehamn mehr. Das alte Gebäude, das Büro und die Werkstatt gehören GE Energy (Schweden) AB. Die Werkstatt ist geschlossen und die meisten Räume sind an andere Unternehmen vermietet.
Die Sammlungen im Technischen Museum in Stockholm enthalten eine große Anzahl von Archivalien, Bilder und Objekte aus der KMW.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Aktiebolaget Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad. 1873–1933. Petersson, Karlstad 1933.

Weblinks

Lieferliste von Karlstads M. V. (schwed.)
Seite der Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad im Technischen Museum (schwed.)

Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Schweden)
Ehemaliger Eisenbahnhersteller
Gemeinde Karlstad
Gegründet 1860
Wirtschaft (Värmlands län)

Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad


Perforasyon Tıpta içi boş bir organın anormal olarak açılması. Lümenli bir organın belirli bir noktadan delinerek muhteviyatını periton boşluğuna sızdırmasıdır. Perforasyona ilişkin en önemli komplikasyon peritonitis'dir.

Yaralanmalar

Perforasyon


Bahrain deltog i de olympiske lege første gang under sommer-OL 1984 i Los Angeles og har deltaget i samtlige sommerlege siden. De har aldrig deltaget i de olympiske vinterlege.

Bahrain vandt sin første olympiske medalje i 2012, da Maryam Yusuf Jamal sejrede i 1500 meter løb. Medaljen blev først tildelt senere, da hun oprindeligt kom i mål som nummer tre; imidlertid blev etteren og toeren senere fratager deres medaljer som følge af doping, hvorefter Jamal i stedet fik guldmedaljen. I 2008 i Beijing havde mellemdistanceløberen Rashid Ramzi vundet guld i 1500 meter løb, men han blev 18. november 2009 frataget guldmedaljen på grund af, at han var testet positiv på CERA.

Medaljeoversigt

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger
 Bahrains OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Bahrain ved sommer-OL
OL

Bahrain ved OL


Lino Brozić (Baredine, 14. travnja 1932. - Pula, 8. studenoga 1978.), hrvatski pjesnik Spada u naraštaj istarskih pjesnika koja se javila i stasala s Istarskim mozaikom. Bilo je to generacija mladića i djevojaka iz istarskih sela koja je u školu krenula poslije završetka rata 1945., a završila srednje i više škole usporedno s Istarskim mozaikom.

Životopis
Rođen u selu na Buzeštini od roditelja zemljoradnika, u obitelji sa šestero djece. U rodnom selu proveo djetinjstvo. U susjednom Saležu pet je godina pohađao talijansku osnovnu školu, do 1943. godine. Poslije rata upisao nižu gimnaziju u Buzetu. Premda sa samo pet razreda osnovne, prvi razred gimnazije završio odličnim uspjehom. U sljedećoj je školskoj godini prešao u pripravni razred u Opatiji, a nakon toga pohađa Učiteljsku školu u Puli, koju je završio 1952. godine. Prve je pjesme počeo pisati kao učenik Učiteljske škole u Puli 1950-ih godina.

Zaposlio se u Narodnoj šestogodišnjoj školi u Saležu. Nakon tri godine je u Vrhu gdje je dvije godine nastavnik i direktor osnovne škole. Slijedi premještaj u Novake kod Podravske Slatine gdje radi iste poslove. U međuvremenu je upisao višu pedagošku školu u Zagrebu gdje je prve dvije godine studirao izvanredno, a zatim redovno. Diplomirao je 1961. godine na hrvatskom jeziku s književnošću i povijesti. Za boravka u Zagrebu se upoznao i sprijateljio s Tonom Peruškom, profesorom zagrebačke Pedagoške akademije. Prijateljstvo, poslovnu, pedagošku i književnu suradnju s Peruškom Brozić je nastavio i po povratku u Istru. Godine 1959. vratio se Brozić u svoj kraj. U Svetvinčentu je bio direktor osnovne škole do 1963. godine. Tad je prešao na politički rad u Pulu.

Sljedeće 1964. objavio je prve pjesme u zagrebačkom "Telegramu" i pulskom "Istarskom mozaiku". Iste godine Brozićev ciklus pjesama nagrađen je drugom nagradom na natječaju "Istarskog mozaika" za poeziju. Iste godine doživio je tešku prometnu nesreću koja mu je teško ugrozila zdravlje, što se osobito pojačalo nakon smrti majke koju je osobito cijenio, a na godinu i očeve smrti. Zbog bolesti je otišao u mirovinu 1971. godine. Umro je u pulskoj bolnici 1978., a pokopan u Saležu.

Za života objavio je svega osamnaest pjesama: u Telegramu i Istarskom mozaiku. Nakon njegove smrti objavljene su mu izabrane pjesme u časopisu Istra, Buzetskom zborniku i Novoj Istri. Ukupan opus čini mu 37 pjesama. Premda mali opus, koji je prekinut u vrijeme Brozićeva procvata, iznimno je važan. Spada među najznačajnije istarske pjesnike šezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća. Vodeći je pjesnik u hrvatskom poslijeratnom pjesništvu pobune.

Nagrade
 1964.: Druga nagrada na natječaju Istarskog mozaika za poeziju

Izvori

Hrvatski pjesnici
Životopisi, Pula
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Hrvatskoj

Lino Brozić (pjesnik)