Guy Pierre Émile Lintz, né le  à Meymac (Corrèze) et mort le  à Limoges (Haute-Vienne), est un historien, archéologue et conservateur du patrimoine français.

Il est spécialisé dans l'histoire antique du Limousin et plus particulièrement les périodes gauloises (Lémovices) et romaines.

Biographie

Début de carrière
Guy Lintz occupe, au début de sa vie professionnelle, un poste de chef de gare sur le plateau de Millevaches. Il rencontre très tôt une figure régionale, Marius Vazeilles, qui le mène rapidement sur la voie de l'archéologie.

Ultérieurement, il suit, au sein de l'École pratique des hautes études, les enseignements de Paul-Marie Duval.

De 1966 à 1967, il reprend la fouille de l'établissement antique de Gourdon-Murat. Les dernières dataient de 1936. Ses travaux mettent en évidence trois phases d'occupation sur le site allant du milieu du .

Il rejoint la direction des Antiquités historiques du Limousin en 1971 en tant qu'agent technique. Ses missions sont variées : contrôle des fouilles, sauvetages, encadrement de jeunes débutants, production graphique et gestion du matériel de chantier. En 1972, aux côtés de Pascal Texier, les fouilles de sauvetage de l'abbatiale Saint-Martial de Limoges lui sont confiées. De 1973 à 1974, il est le seul responsable du chantier archéologique.

En 1975, il sonde le site de l'enceinte du puy de Sermus à Saint-Geniez-ô-Merle au lieu-dit Le Bos. Il est alors agent technique auprès de la DRAC. La même année et jusqu'en 1976, il poursuit la fouille d'un bâtiment sur le site gallo-romain des Cars à Saint-Merd-les-Oussines. Jean-Michel Desbordes rapporte qu'il relève avec exactitude les plans du sanctuaire et de ce bâtiment qui se révèle être une villa composée de plusieurs salles.

Publications, thèse
Jusqu'en 1981, Guy Lintz signe plus d'une cinquantaine de publications. La même année, il supervise et réalise la Carte archéologique de la Gaule pour le département de la Corrèze.

De 1981 à 1982, il dirige les campagnes de fouilles du site du sanctuaire des Jaillants à Pradines. Ces deux nouvelles campagnes de fouilles révèlent une occupation antérieure à sa construction. La conduite de ces campagnes successives a permis d'avoir une connaissance plus précise du site. La découverte de céramique gauloise permet de mieux situer dans le temps l'occupation du sanctuaire au  et de montrer que la construction du Fanum était postérieure à cette époque, puis de mettre en évidence la période d'abandon du monument avant la fin du .

En 1989, à 45 ans, il soutient une thèse en art et en archéologie à l'université Paris I intitulée  sous la direction de Jean Marcadé. Au cours de ce travail, il s'emploie à la réalisation d'un fichier informatique descriptif des céramiques. Il met en évidence la céramique funéraire par rapport à la céramique d'habitat. Cet intérêt pour le funéraire, Guy Lintz le garde tout au long de sa vie, et s'intéresse aux rites mortuaires par le biais des techniques d'inhumation, d'incinération, les coffres, urnes et monuments funéraires et les objets qui accompagnaient le défunt dans la mort.

En 1993, il est nommé conservateur en chef du patrimoine.

« Saint-Gence, le village gaulois »
Guy Lintz dirige des fouilles archéologiques menées à Saint-Gence (Haute-Vienne). C'est grâce à lui que la commune tient sa notoriété archéologique. Depuis 1998, dix campagnes programmées se sont succédé sur trois parcelles non contiguës : Le Pâtureau, Le Bourg, La Gagnerie. Elles ont permis de fouiller sur  près de  gauloises (trous de poteaux, fosses, puits). Au total, sur dix années de fouilles ce sont  d'amphores qui sont exhumés. Une grande majorité des vestiges se rapporte à La Tène jusqu'au début de l'époque romaine.

À l'initiative de Guy Lintz, la ville de Saint-Gence ouvre le musée archéologique de la cité des Lémovices. Il trie et met en valeur les objets exposés, rédige les textes les accompagnant, dans une optique de vulgarisation. Il donne de nombreuses conférences auprès d'associations locales afin de faire connaître le site.

Le Pâtureau
Un projet de lotissement communal a nécessité un diagnostic archéologique préalable visant deux parcelles. À la lecture des premiers résultats, il fut décidé de n'en privilégier qu'une des deux, où les structures semblaient plus nombreuses. Cette parcelle d'environ  sur  fut fouillée en 1998 et 1999 et révéla 600 structures organisées de façon régulière avec quatre concentrations de trous de poteaux. Ces zones correspondent à l'emplacement de construction qui se sont succédé durant 150 à 200 ans.

Le Bourg
Un autre projet de lotissement à l'est du bourg nécessita un nouveau diagnostic archéologique en 1998, portant sur une surface de 4 hectares. Ce diagnostic a révélé une structure gallo-romaine constituée de murs associés à des fossés, des trous de poteau et des fosses. Deux autres ensembles de structures fouillées à l'est de la parcelle indiquent une occupation à la période Tibère-Claude.

La Gagnerie
Un nouveau projet de construction impliqua une autre fouille, conduite de 2003 à 2007. Elle permet d'identifier la limite sud de l'agglomération. Sur cette parcelle de nombreux trous de poteaux sont mis au jour, ainsi que des puits et des fosses de plusieurs dimensions. Un millier de structures en creux a été fouillé.

Un autre projet de construction sur le site de La Gagnerie déclencha un nouveau diagnostic, sur une superficie de 5 hectares. Ce diagnostic déclencha une nouvelle fouille, conduite en 2009 par Christophe Maniquet, archéologue de l'INRAP. Cette fouille se concentra sur  et révéla 537 structures en creux (trous de poteaux de bâtiments…). Neuf puits sont également identifiés mais seulement quatre sont inspectés.

Retraite et implications diverses
En 2005, à 61 ans, il prend sa retraite sans pour autant stopper ses recherches. Par ailleurs, il conserve sa charge honoraire en qualité de conservateur du patrimoine à la DRAC Limousin.

Il publie une partie de son travail sur son site internet Nalfin. Par ce biais, une très grande partie de ses recherches est rendue accessible, concernant le site de Saint-Gence, la tombe gauloise de Saint-Augustin, la nécropole gallo-romaine de Pontarion, le site gallo-romain des Mazières et la céramique commune gallo-romaine en Limousin. Il coécrit plusieurs de ses articles avec sa femme, Catherine. Ses multiples contributions ont grandement participé à connaître l'histoire antique du Limousin.

De 2010 à 2015, il est vice-président de l'association Fondation Marius-Vazeilles qui gère le musée d'archéologie et du patrimoine Marius-Vazeilles de Meymac. Conseiller scientifique pour l'archéologie antique et protohistorique, il participe notamment à la mise en place d'expositions temporaires comme celle sur les Étrusques en 2017 et celle sur les Gaulois en 2019.

En 2019, il est présent lors de l'inauguration du musée archéologique de la cité des Lémovices, à Saint-Gence (Haute-Vienne).

Il meurt le , à l'âge de  à Limoges (Haute-Vienne). Il est enterré au cimetière de Nexon.

Hommages

Le , un hommage lui est rendu lors d'une conférence organisée par l'association Les Lémovices en fête.

Le 17 mars 2023, le musée archéologique de la cité des Lémovices de Saint-Gence prend le nom de « Musée archéologique lémovice Guy Lintz ».

Publications
De 1967 à 2017, Guy Lintz signe 139 publications, composées d'articles de revues et bilans scientifiques mais aussi de livres telles que sa participation à l'établissement de la Carte archéologique de la Gaule (1981) ou de son ouvrage Saint-Gence, le village gaulois (2012).

Liste non exhaustive triée par ordre chronologique (du plus récent au plus ancien).

Ouvrages

 .
 .

Articles

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Hommage

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1944
Naissance en Corrèze
Décès en octobre 2021
Décès à Limoges
Décès à 77 ans
Archéologue français
Archéologue de la civilisation romaine
Protohistorien
Docteur de l'université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne

Guy Lintz


Zgrada Hrvatskog narodnog kazališta, kazališna zgrada u Splitu, Trg Gaje Bulata 1.

Opis dobra
Historicistička zgrada građena je, prema projektu Emila Vecchiettija i suradnika Ante Bezića u periodu  — , na mjestu velike lokve, u neposrednoj blizini baroknog bedema Priulija. Izvorno je unutrašnjost bila raskošno oslikana i ukrašena štukaturama (autor nacrta Antonio Zuccaro). Na glavnom pročelju neobaroknog sloga ističe se na drugom katu veliki polukružni otvor s kipovima tršćanskog kipara Cosmija, dok su bočna pročelja vrlo jednostavna i bez ukrasa. Godine 1971. zgrada je izgorjela u požaru, Obnovljena  obnovljena je prema izvornom stanju, ali i dograđena u suvremenom arhitektonskom izričaju prema projektu prof. Božidara Rašice i suradnice Vere Maršić.

U zgradi je i danas smješteno splitsko Hrvatsko narodno kazalište.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4629 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificiranog kao profana graditeljska baština.

Izvori

Zgrade u Splitu
Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji

Zgrada Hrvatskog narodnog kazališta u Splitu


سالم سعد لاعب دولي إماراتي. مثل المنتخب الإماراتي في عدة مناسبات. لعب مع نادي الشباب الإماراتي في بداياته، وفي مطلع موسم 2009 - 2010 انتقل إلى نادي النصر الإماراتي، و لكنه توفي في تاريخ 19 نوفمبر 2009 إثر نوبه قلبية داهمته أثناء التمرين. كان يلقب بالطراد.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إماراتيون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو الدوري الإماراتي
لاعبو كأس آسيا 2004
لاعبو كرة قدم إماراتيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية 2002
لاعبو كرة قدم لقوا حتفهم أثناء اللعب
لاعبو منتخب الإمارات العربية المتحدة لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الشباب (الإمارات)
لاعبو نادي النصر (الإمارات)
منافسون في الألعاب الآسيوية من الإمارات العربية المتحدة
مواليد 1398 هـ
مواليد 1978
وفيات 1430 هـ
وفيات 2009

سالم سعد


Bant teorisi, bir katıdaki elektronların davranışını tanımlar. Bu teoriye göre katıda elektronlar tarafından doldurulacak sürekli enerji bantları ve elektronların bulunamayacağı enerji aralıkları bulunur. Teori elektriksel direnç ve optik absorpsiyon gibi birçok olayı açıklamada büyük yarar sağlar.

Belirli sayıda atomdan oluşmuş bir katı oluştuğunda, genel olarak her bir atom tek başına düşünülerek hata yapılır. Bunun yerine katının tüm yapısını düşünmek gerekir. Bu metallerin ve diğer katıların kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerini kendilerine has olarak ele alınmasını gerekli kılar.

Bu özelliklerin tam olarak anlaşılabilmesi için moleküler orbital teorisi ile işe başlanması gerekir. Bu teoriye göre eğer iki atom bir araya gelirse farklı enerjilerdeki bağ, bağlanmama ve anti-bağ orbitalleri oluşur. Bu moleküler orbitaller dalga fonksiyonları ile tanımlanır. Bu teorideki en önemli nokta; moleküldeki N atomik orbitalden dolayı N tane moleküler orbitalin oluşacağıdır. Örneğin iki atomik orbital içeren bir molekülü düşünelim. Sonuç olarak bu atomik orbiltallerden dolayı iki moleküler orbital oluşur: biri bağ ve diğeri anti-bağ olan farklı enerjideki orbitaller.

Eğer bu hadiseyi üç atomdan oluşan bir molekül için ele alırsak, sonuç olarak her atomik orbital için sonuç 3 adet moleküler orbital olur: bir bağ, bir bağlanmama ve bir anti-bağ.

Örneğin 10 atomdan oluşan bir molekülü ele alalım. Bu 10 moleküler orbital meydana getirir: 5 bağ ve 5 anti-bağ. Şimdi her bir orbital kümesi arasındaki dağılıma yakından bakalım. Moleküler orbital sayısı yükselirken, en düşük bağlanma ile en yüksek bağlanma arasındaki enerji farkı artar ve her bir orbital arasındaki boşluk azalır. Moleküler orbital sayısı moleküldeki atom sayısı ile artacağından, en düşük bağlanma ile en düşük bağlanmama arasındaki boşluk artarak maksimuma ulaşacaktır.

Sonlu sayıda atomdan oluşmuş bir metali örnek olarak verelim. Sonuç olarak sonlu sayıda moleküler orbital oluşacak ve bunlar bir birine o kadar yakın olacak ki bir bant oluşturacaklardır.

Maddelerin moleküler orbitallerini bant olarak isimlendirerek metallerin ve yarı-metallerin özelliklerini daha rahat anlayabiliriz. Yalıtkanlar, yarı iletkenler gibi diğer maddelerin özellikleri bant teorisine bağlı olarak ifade edilen valans bandı, iletkenlik bandı ve Fermi Düzeyi gibi kavramlarla açıklanır.

Bant teorisi


Marinko Antolović (Zenica, 27. siječnja 1976.) hrvatski je svećenik, biblijski teolog i diplomat u službi Svete Stolice.

Životopis
Rođen je 27. siječnja 1976. godine u Zenici (BiH), u obitelji Ante i Jele rođ. Vilić. 16. lipnja 2000. završio je filozofsko-teološke studije na Katoličkom bogoslovnom fakultetu u Sarajevu te je zaređen za svećenika Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije. Nakon jednogodišnje svećeničke službe u Prozoru-Rami, poslan je na poslijediplomski studij u Rim na Papinski Biblijski institut. Tijekom studija boravi u Papinskom hrvatskom zavodu Svetoga Jeronima, a nakon postizanja magisterija iz Svetoga Pisma 2005. godine prelazi u Papinsku crkvenu akademiju gdje ostaje do završetka doktrorskog studija na Papinskom sveučilištu Urbaniana 22. travnja 2008. godine.

Diplomatska služba
Kao tajnik službovao je u Apostolskim nuncijaturama na Novom Zelandu (2008. – 2011.) i Bjelorusiji (2015. – 2018.), a od 2011. do 2015. bio je tajnik Stalne misije Svete Stolice pri pri Organizaciji za europsku sigurnost i suradnju (OESS) sa sjedištem u Beču (Austrija). Potom je bio tajnik nuncijature u Skandinavskim zemljama (za Dansku, Finsku, Island, Norvešku i Švedsku), a trenutno je u Bangladešu.

Govori talijanski, engleski, španjolski i francuski jezik.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Hrvatski diplomati
Bosanskohercegovački rimokatolički teolozi
Vatikan
Hrvati u Bosni i Hercegovini

Marinko Antolović


Ylva og dragen er en dansk portrætfilm fra 2005 skrevet og instrueret af Thomas Danielsson.

Handling
Som 13-årig vejede Ylva knapt 37 kilo. Hun tabte håret, og kropstemperaturen sank. 'Anoreksi er en måde at stoppe tiden på', fortæller Ylva. 'En dag gik det op for mig, hvor lang tid det ville tage at sulte mig ihjel. Jeg var så træt. I desperation skreg jeg om hjælp hos min far og mor.' I dag er Ylva på vej til at vinde over anoreksien. Men det har været en kamp på liv og død. »Ylva og dragen« handler om Ylvas vej gennem livet; fra hendes forsøg på som 3-årig at stille alle tilfreds og få sine forældres opmærksomhed til i dag, hvor Ylva langsomt frigør sig og tager kontrollen over sin egen fremtid.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2005

Portrætfilm fra Danmark

Ylva og dragen


1000ගණන් යනු, 1000 ජනවාරි 1 දිනදී ඇරඹුනු සහ1009 දෙසැම්බර් 31 දිනදී නිමවුනු, ජුලියානු දිනදසුනෙහි දශකයකි.

1000ගණන් (දශකය)


Hiroki Ito est le nom de plusieurs personnalités :
 Hiroki Ito (1978-), footballeur japonais ;
 Hiroki Ito (1999-), footballeur japonais.

Voir aussi

Hiroki Ito


In-N-Out Burger is an American regional chain of fast food restaurants with locations primarily in California and to a lesser extent the Southwest from Oregon to Texas. It was founded in Baldwin Park, California, in 1948 by Harry (1913–1976) and Esther Snyder (1920–2006). The chain is currently headquartered in Irvine, California and has expanded outside Southern California into the rest of California, as well as into Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Texas, Oregon, and Colorado, and is planning expansions into Idaho and Tennessee. The current owner is Lynsi Snyder, the Snyders' only grandchild.

As the chain has expanded, it has opened several distribution centers in addition to its original Baldwin Park location. The new facilities, located in Lathrop, California; Phoenix, Arizona; Draper, Utah; Dallas, Texas; and Colorado Springs, Colorado will provide for potential future expansion into other parts of the country.

In-N-Out Burger has chosen not to franchise its operations or go public; one reason is the prospect of  food quality or customer consistency being compromised by excessively rapid business growth. The In-N-Out restaurant chain has developed a highly loyal customer base and has been rated as one of the top fast food restaurants in several customer satisfaction surveys.

History

First generation
In-N-Out Burger's first location was opened in the Los Angeles suburb of Baldwin Park, California, in 1948 by the Snyders at the southwest corner of what is now the intersection of Interstate 10 and Francisquito Avenue. The restaurant was the first drive-thru hamburger stand in California, allowing drivers to place orders via a two-way speaker system. This was a new and unique idea, since in post-World War II California, carhops were used to take orders and serve food.

In 1951, a second In-N-Out was opened in Covina, California, west of the intersection of Grand Avenue and Arrow Highway. The company remained a relatively small southern California chain until the 1970s. The Snyders managed their first restaurants closely to ensure quality was maintained. The chain had 18 restaurants when Harry Snyder died in 1976, at the age of 63.

Second generation
In 1976, 24-year-old Rich Snyder became the company president after his father's death. Along with his brother Guy, Rich had begun working in his father's In-N-Outs at an early age. Over the next 20 years, the chain experienced a period of rapid growth under Rich's leadership, expanding to 93 restaurants.

In June 1988, In-N-Out opened its 50th location which was located in Thousand Palms, California.

The first location outside of the Los Angeles metropolitan area was opened in San Diego County in 1990, the 57th location in the chain. In 1992, In-N-Out opened its first non-Southern California restaurant in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its first Northern California location was opened the following year in Modesto. Expansion then spread to Northern California, including the San Francisco Bay Area, while additional Las Vegas-area restaurants were added. However, after opening store 93 In-N-Out in Fresno, California, on December 15, 1993, Rich Snyder and four other passengers died in a plane crash on approach to John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California. The charter aircraft they were on had been following a Boeing 757 in for landing, became caught in its wake turbulence, and crashed. The ensuing crash investigation led to the Federal Aviation Administration requirement for an adequate distance between heavy aircraft and following light aircraft to allow wake turbulence to diminish.

Upon Rich Snyder's death in 1993, Guy Snyder assumed the presidency and continued the company's aggressive expansion until he died from an overdose of painkillers in 1999. Under his leadership, In-N-Out's 100th location was opened in Gilroy, California on November 10, 1994. He was president for six years, expanding In-N-Out from 93 to 140 locations. His mother Esther subsequently took over the presidency.

The 21st century

The company opened locations in Arizona in 2000 and added new restaurants in Reno, Sparks, and Carson City, Nevada in late 2004. In-N-Out became a huge success in these new locations. In late December 2005, In-N-Out's 200th location was opened in Temecula, California. In 2007, it opened its first restaurant in Tucson, Arizona. The store opening broke company records for the most burgers sold in one day and the most sold in one week.

In 2008, In-N-Out expanded into a fourth state by opening a location in Washington, Utah, a suburb of St. George. By late 2009, the chain expanded into northern Utah with three new locations situated in Draper, American Fork, and Orem. More locations opened in the spring of 2010 in West Valley City, West Jordan, Centerville, and Riverton. In 2013, In-N-Out opened a distribution center in Las Vegas to serve mountain area restaurants.

In May 2010, In-N-Out announced plans to open new spots into Texas, specifically within the Dallas–Fort Worth area with the first In-N-Out opening in Frisco and Allen on May 11, 2011.  The chain opened its first location in Austin in December 2013.  There are 18 restaurant locations in the Dallas–Fort Worth area, and four in the Austin area. These new locations in Texas required the company to build a new patty production facility and distribution center in the state, according to company vice president Carl Van Fleet. In March 2014, the company confirmed its first location in San Antonio. The fall of 2014 saw the restaurant open its 22nd Texas location in Killeen.  On November 20, 2014, In-N-Out opened its first location in San Antonio followed by its first location in Waco in November 2015.  In January 2017, In-N-Out announced plans to expand into Houston with multiple sites planned in the area, the first being in Stafford.

In January 2015, In-N-Out opened its 300th restaurant, which was located in Anaheim, California. At the time of the opening, the company had generated $558 million in annual sales and employed nearly 18,000 in California, Nevada, Utah, Texas and Arizona.

The company opened its first location in Oregon on September 9, 2015 (the same day as Harry Snyder's birthday) in Medford. It is supplied from the Lathrop, California distribution center that was completed in 2006. President Lynsi Snyder stated during the opening that they will continue to open new spots. A second Oregon location was under construction in Grants Pass during September 2017. On August 21, 2018, In-N-Out announced plans to open a location in the Willamette Valley in Keizer. This would be the company's northernmost location.

On November 30, 2017, the company announced plans to build a production facility and distribution center in Colorado Springs, ahead of an expansion into Colorado, which is scheduled to be completed in 2021. The first Colorado locations opened in Colorado Springs and Aurora on November 20, 2020. On December 17, 2020, the two Colorado locations had been deemed outbreak sites as 80 employees had tested positive for COVID-19.

In 2018, In-N-Out donated $25,000 to the California Republican Party. In 2021, the company donated $40,000 to the California Republican Party. In-N-Out CEO Mark Taylor, and his wife, Traci, have donated to Donald Trump's presidential campaigns.

In-N-Out received approval for a new distribution center to open in Chino, California in 2020, taking some of the load off of the long standing Baldwin Park distribution center. The center opened later that year.

On November 24, 2020, In-N-Out softly announced that they were in the early stages of opening a store in Idaho. As of now, no new information has been released on when it will open its first store, or where in Boise, the city they hinted, they will first serve.

On January 10, 2023, Tennessee governor Bill Lee and In-N-Out president Lynsi Snyder announced that a new hub would be built in Franklin, Tennessee, to open by 2026, and restaurants in the Southeast, beginning in the Nashville area. It is the company's first eastern hub and will involve a $125.5 million investment.

Esther Snyder died in 2006 at the age of 86 and passed the presidency to Mark Taylor, former vice president of operations. Taylor became the company's fifth president and first non-family member to hold the position, although he does have ties to the family. The company's current heiress is Lynsi Snyder, daughter of Guy and only grandchild of Esther and Harry Snyder. Snyder, who was 23 years old and known as Lynsi Martinez at her grandmother's death, owns the company through a trust. She gained control of 50% of the company in 2012 when she turned 30, and nearly full control at 35 in May 2017.

After participating in various roles in the company, Snyder assumed the presidency in 2010, becoming the company's sixth president. However, most major decisions are made by a seven-member executive team. Snyder does not intend to franchise nor sell and plans to pass on ownership of the company to her children.

Products

The In-N-Out menu consists of three burger varieties: hamburger, cheeseburger, and "Double-Double" (two hamburger patties and two slices of cheese). French fries and fountain drinks are available, as well as three flavors of milkshakes. The hamburgers come with lettuce, tomato, with or without onions (the customer is asked upon ordering, and may have them fresh or grilled), and a sauce, which is called "spread" (a Thousand Island dressing variant).

There are, however, additional named items not on the menu, but available at every In-N-Out. These variations reside on the chain's "secret menu", though the menu is accessible on the company's website. These variations include 3×3 (which has three patties and three slices of cheese), 4×4 (four patties and four slices of cheese), Neapolitan shakes, grilled cheese sandwich (consists of the same ingredients as the burgers except the meat, plus two slices of melted cheese), Protein Style (wrap with lettuce; consists of the same ingredients as the burgers except buns), and Animal Style (cooked in a thin layer of mustard, adding condiments including pickles, grilled onions, and extra spread). Animal Style fries come with two slices of melted cheese, spread, and grilled onions on top. Whole or sliced chili peppers are also available by request. Both Protein and Animal Style are house specialties that the company has trademarked because of their association with the chain.

Until 2005, In-N-Out accommodated burger orders of any size by adding patties and slices of cheese at an additional cost. A particularly famous incident involving a 100×100 (100 patties, 100 slices of cheese) occurred in 2004. Once word got out of the massive sandwich, In-N-Out management disallowed anything larger than a 4×4. One can also order what is called a "Flying Dutchman" which consists of two meat patties and two slices of cheese by itself (no bun, condiments, or vegetables).

In January 2018, In-N-Out added hot chocolate with marshmallows, the first addition to the menu in fifteen years. However, it is not the first time it has appeared on the menu; it was previously served at the restaurants in its early years during the 1950s. The cocoa powder is provided by the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company.

Store design and layout

The signature colors for In-N-Out are white, red, and yellow. The white is used for the buildings' exterior walls and the employees' basic uniform. Red is used for the buildings' roofs and the employees' aprons and hats. Yellow is used for the decorative band on the roof and iconic arrow in the logo. However, variations in the color scheme do occur.

The first In-N-Outs had a common design, placing the kitchen "stand" between two lanes of cars. The "front" lane is nearest the street and the "back" lane away from the street. This location design is known as a double drive-thru. A metal awning provides shade for several tables for customers desiring to park and eat, but there is no indoor dining. A walk-up window faces the parking area. These restaurants store food and supplies in a separate building, and it is not uncommon for a driver to be asked to wait a moment while employees carry supplies to the kitchen across the rear lane.

This design is a popular image on In-N-Out ads and artwork, which often shows classic cars such as 1965 Mustangs and 1968 Firebirds visiting the original restaurants. The original Covina restaurant, located on Arrow Highway west of Grand Avenue, was forced to close in the early 1990s due to re-engineering and development of the area. A modern design, drive-up/dining room restaurant was built a few hundred feet away. The replacement building was much larger, being nearly half the size of the previous building's lot.

Like many chain restaurants, newer In-N-Out restaurants are based on a set of templates or "cookie-cutter" blueprints, which are chosen based on available space and expected traffic levels. While the external appearance of its buildings may vary to meet local zoning and architectural requirements, the interior floor plan and decor in most recently constructed In-N-Out restaurants are identical. However, some restaurants are designed to stand out, such as the restaurants at Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco and Westwood, Los Angeles designed by architect Stephen Kanner.

Today's typical location has an interior layout that includes a customer service counter with registers in front of a kitchen and food preparation area. There are separate storage areas for paper goods (napkins, bags, etc.) and "dry" food goods (potatoes, buns, etc.), as well as a walk-in refrigerator for perishable goods (lettuce, cheese, spread, etc.), and a dedicated meat refrigerator for burger patties. The customer area includes an indoor dining room with a combination of booths, tables, and bar-style seating. Outside seating is usually available as well, with tables and benches. Most newer restaurants contain a one-lane drive-through.

There are other design elements common among today's In-N-Out locations. Matching In-N-Out's California-inspired palm tree theme, palm trees are sometimes planted to form an "X" in front of the restaurants. This is an allusion to founder Harry Snyder's favorite movie, Stanley Kramer's It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, in which the characters look for a hidden treasure and find it under "the big W" made by four palm trees, with the middle two forming an "X".

Advertising

Like other fast-food chains, In-N-Out uses roadside billboards that attract customers to the nearest location. Billboard ads display an image of the trademarked Double-Double burger. The chain uses short radio commercials, often limited to the song "In-N-Out, In-N-Out. That's what a hamburger's all about." Television commercials, which are less common, feature the hamburger's visual appeal. In-N-Out seldom uses celebrities in ads, although John Cleese and John Goodman have voiced radio spots. In the past, the Snyders also sponsored Christmas music programming with voice-overs expressing the meaning of the holiday.

In addition to commercials, In-N-Out benefits from enthusiastic fans who talk to each other. For many years, it has given customers free bumper stickers, which simply say "In-N-Out Burger" but are commonly modified to say "In-N Out urge". The company helps devoted customers advertise its brand by selling souvenir clothing with the In-N-Out logo. Celebrity fans and free endorsements in mass media also promote the business. When Heisman Trophy winner and Ohio State quarterback Troy Smith raved about In-N-Out cheeseburgers during a press conference before the 2007 BCS National Championship Game, a senior executive said: "It does not get much better than that for us. We're kind of a small company, and we do not have any celebrity endorsers. But I think we just got the best one we could have." Huell Howser was allowed, in what is believed to be a first, to film with his television cameras inside a store for a California's Gold Special. The show also included a behind-the-scenes tour of the In-N-Out Headquarters. Gift items are sold at an In-N-Out "Company Store" near the chain's birthplace in Baldwin Park, California. A replica of the first store from 1948 was unveiled near the original site in 2014.

Culture

Popularity

The restaurant has achieved popularity which has led to celebration by some when brought to new locations, and the opening of a new restaurant often becomes an event. When one opened in Scottsdale, Arizona, there was a four-hour wait for food, and news helicopters whirled above the parking lot.

The chain's image has also made it popular in some unusual ways. For example, In-N-Out is still considered acceptable in some areas with strong opposition to corporate food restaurants, such as McDonald's. Commercial leaders in San Francisco's Fisherman's Wharf district said they opposed every other fast-food chain except In-N-Out because they wanted to maintain the flavor of family-owned, decades-old businesses in the area, with one saying locals would ordinarily "be up in arms about a fast-food operation coming to Fisherman's Wharf," but "this is different." California native and Colorado Rockies player Jason Giambi would often visit In-N-Out Burger when on the West Coast with his former team, the New York Yankees. He said he tried to open an In-N-Out Burger restaurant in New York but was unsuccessful.

The chain also has fans in a number of renowned chefs including Gordon Ramsay, Thomas Keller, Julia Child, Anthony Bourdain, Ina Garten, and Mario Batali. Famous London chef/restaurateur Ramsay ate In-N-Out for the first time when taping  Hell's Kitchen in Los Angeles, and it soon became one of his favorite spots for take-out. Ramsay was quoted, saying about the experience: "In-N-Out burgers were extraordinary. I was so bad, I sat in the restaurant, had my double cheeseburger then minutes later I drove back round and got the same thing again to take away." Thomas Keller, a fan of In-N-Out, celebrated with In-N-Out burgers at the anniversary party of his restaurant, The French Laundry. Keller also plans on opening his own burger restaurant inspired by his Los Angeles experience of In-N-Out. Julia Child, one of the first celebrities to champion the chain, admitted to knowing every location of the restaurant between Santa Barbara and San Francisco. Child also had the burgers delivered to her during a hospital stay. Anthony Bourdain reportedly said that In-N-Out was his favorite fast food meal, later naming the restaurant as "the best restaurant in Los Angeles". Ina Garten at an interview at Today show said "I have to say, I don't eat fast food at all, with one exception. When we're in California doing book tours, we always have to go to In-N-Out Burger. It's so good and I know it was Julia Child's favorite too, so it's okay."

In-N-Out was one of the few restaurant chains mentioned positively in the book Fast Food Nation. The book commended the chain for using natural and fresh ingredients and for looking after the interests of employees regarding pay and benefits. An In-N-Out food truck catered Vanity Fairs 2012 Academy Awards after party.

Art

Jack Schmidt was the first person commissioned to paint the original In-N-Out located in Baldwin Park, California for In-N-Out Burger Inc. His paintings were later reproduced on advertisements, shirts, and other consumer products. The 2022 shirt design was created by Palm Springs, California artist Danny Heller.

Bible verses

In-N-Out prints Bible citations in small print on areas of packaging (such as "John 3:16", "Proverbs 3:5", "Proverbs 24:16", "Nahum 1:7", "Luke 6:35" and "Revelation 3:20"). They are primarily found on the bottom underside of drink cups and the wrappers that hold their burgers together. This practice began in the 1980s during Rich Snyder's presidency, a reflection of the evangelical Christian beliefs held by the Snyder family.

Legal issues and controversies

Rich Boyd lawsuit (2006)
In 2006, a lawsuit exposed a possible family disagreement over the chain's corporate leadership. Richard Boyd, one of In-N-Out's vice presidents and co-trustee of two-thirds of the company stock, accused Lynsi Snyder (then known as Lynsi Martinez) and allied corporate executives of trying to force out Esther Snyder and attempting to fire Boyd unreasonably. Pre-empting the suit, Martinez, Snyder, and Taylor appeared in a December video message to employees, telling them not to believe everything they hear. The company then responded with a lawsuit of its own, alleging Boyd had construction work done on his personal property and charged it to the company, as well as favoring contractors with uncompetitive bids. Boyd was then suspended from his role as co-trustee and Northern Trust Bank of California took his place (as co-trustee) until a hearing set for May 10, 2006. However, in April, the judge dismissed two of In-N-Out's claims against Boyd. A trial date of October 17, 2006, was set but never occurred, and a settlement was reached out of court. Ultimately, Boyd was permanently removed from his role as an employee and co-trustee.

Chadder's infringement lawsuit (2007)
In June 2007, the company filed a lawsuit against an American Fork, Utah, restaurant named Chadder's for trademark infringement, claiming that the "look and feel" of the restaurant too closely resembled that of In-N-Out, and that the restaurant violated trademarked menu items, such as "Animal Style", "Protein Style", "Double-Double".

The company learned about this from Utah customers contacting the customer service department asking if In-N-Out opened a location in Utah under a different name or if they had any affiliation with the restaurant in any way. Several customers stated they ordered trademarked items such as Animal and Protein styles. Utah District Court Judge Ted Stewart issued a temporary restraining order against the look-alike. Chadder's opened another location near the Salt Lake City area and one in Provo.

In 2009, In-N-Out opened a restaurant in American Fork less than a mile from the Chadder's restaurant. Per their website, Chadder's started selling a "Stubby Double" instead of "Double Double".
The Chadder's restaurants in Utah have gone out of business since In-N-Out restaurants have opened in Utah.

Mexico
In 2023, a knock-off of In-N-Out appeared on Instagram displaying images of its restaurant, named In-N-Nout, in Culiacan, Mexico. Besides the name, the restaurant's logo, design, menu, and food presentation closely resembled that of the U.S. original. Threatened with legal action, the Mexican imitator changed its name to Sofi's Burger.

Australia
In-N-Out Burger has also been plagued by similarly named imitators in Australia that confuse consumers into thinking that the similarly-sounding Australian businesses is associated with the Californian-based chain. The company would take the imitators to court for trademark infringement and has opened one-day pop-ups in Sydney in 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2022; Brisbane in 2020; Melbourne in 2014 and 2018; and Perth in 2018 and 2022 to preserve their trademark rights. Customers may wait for several hours before the doors open but the food would run out very quickly, sometimes in less than hour after opening. Although In-N-Out may not have plans to open a permanent location outside its current operating region, the business strategy of having one-day pop-ups is to maintain a business presence in the country under Australian trademark law without opening a permanent restaurant.

In-N-Out successfully defended their trademarks and intellectual property rights in Australia in 2020 against Hashtag Burgers Pty Ltd, formerly doing business as "Funk N Burgers" and "Down-N-Out Burger". In 2021, In-N-Out filed a lawsuit against Queensland-based Rich Asians Pty Ltd doing business as "In & Out Aussie Burgers".

It also appears that In-N-Out has used this practice in other countries as well, such as in Auckland in 2020; London in 2016 and in 2018; Toronto in 2014 and 2021; Singapore in 2012 and 2019; Tokyo in 2012; Shanghai in 2017; Bangkok in 2018; Hong Kong in 2015; Taipei in 2016; Vancouver in 2019; Buenos Aires in 2016; Seoul in 2019; Berlin in 2022; Dublin in 2021; Dubai in 2021; Petaling Jaya in 2018; Cape Town in 2016; Vienna in 2017.

DoorDash lawsuit (2015)
On November 6, 2015, In-N-Out filed a lawsuit against food delivery startup DoorDash, claiming trademark infringement. Two months later the lawsuit was settled out of court in a confidential settlement. DoorDash no longer delivers food from In-N-Out Burger.

Political donations (2018)
In 2018, In-N-Out faced calls for boycott after donating $25,000 to the California GOP ahead of the November elections, as well as $30,000 in August 2017 and another $30,000 in May 2016.

Opposition to COVID-19 vaccine requirements (2021)
In October 2021, the In-N-Out location in San Francisco was ordered closed by the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH), for failure to enforce the public health order requiring that all dine-in patrons of restaurants present proof that they are fully vaccinated for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The location had posted signage warning of the mandate, but the SFDPH received complaints that it was not actually enforced. The company's chief legal officer Arnie Wensinger stated that the company "fiercely disagree[s] with any government dictate that forces a private company to discriminate against customers who choose to patronize their business." The location was allowed to re-open for takeout service only until it demonstrates "an adequate process and procedure for complying with the health order".

Later that month, after an In-N-Out location in Contra Costa County was similarly ordered closed by public health for not complying with its vaccine mandate, all In-N-Out locations in the region closed their dining rooms and began operating with takeout service only. The locations attracted anti-mandate demonstrations in support of the company.

Opposition to use of face masks by employees (2023)

In July 2023, the company announced that employees in Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Texas and Colorado would not be allowed to wear protective face masks at work, unless they could prove a valid medical exemption. The stated reason was to "emphasize the importance of customer service and the ability to show our associates' smiles and other facial features," according to a company memo. The company's communications department sent a statement from chief operating officer Denny Warnick to SFGATE: "We believe that wearing a mask literally adds a barrier to communication — much of which is nonverbal — and promotes a more distant and disconnected environment."

Charity

The In-N-Out Burgers Foundation
The In-N-Out Burgers Foundation, was established as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in March 1995, and classified as a "Human Services: Fund Raising & Fund Distribution" organization under the NTEE system. Based in Irvine, California, the foundation "supports organizations that provide residential treatment, emergency shelter, foster care, and early intervention for children in need".  Its grant-making activities are restricted to eligible nonprofit groups that are located or provide services in areas where In-N-Out has a presence. Consequently, grant proposals are only accepted from applicants in a limited number of counties in Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Texas. In 2010, the most recent year for which financial reporting is publicly available (and before the opening of the company's Texas locations), the foundation contributed $1,545,250 to 231 grantees in Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. Grant-making is funded through donor contributions and In-N-Out-sponsored fundraisers; typical grants are between $2,000 and $20,000.

Slave 2 Nothing
In-N-Out Burger founded the Slave 2 Nothing Foundation in 2016 to "improve the lives of individuals and families affected by substance abuse and/or human trafficking".

Original restaurant
The first In-N-Out restaurant that opened in 1948 was demolished when Interstate 10 (then US 60/US 70/US 99, the Ramona Freeway, now the San Bernardino Freeway) was built from downtown Los Angeles to the San Gabriel Valley. The freeway runs over the original location. A new restaurant was completed in 1954 near the original Baldwin Park, California, location, but was closed in November 2004 and demolished on April 16, 2011, despite discussions about using it as an In-N-Out museum chronicling the origins and history of the company. In-N-Out built a replacement restaurant on the other side of the freeway next to the original In-N-Out University (opened in 1984). A new In-N-Out University was built on the property. The university building houses the training department, which was moved from Irvine, California. In addition, the company restaurant was moved from In-N-Out's Baldwin Park headquarters to the new lot, which holds the restaurant and university, less than a thousand feet away. In 2014, a replica of the first In-N-Out was built in Baldwin Park.

Awards and honors
In-N-Out Burger was ranked number 28 among America's Best Employers 2019 by Forbes. According to a survey by  Glassdoor in 2014, In-N-Out Burger ranked No. 8 on its annual list of the 50 best places to work in the U.S. and the U.K.

See also

 Burger Wars
 Fast food
 List of hamburger restaurants
 List of restaurant chains in the United States

References

Further reading

External links

 In-N-Out Burger on Instagram

1948 establishments in California
California culture
Companies based in Irvine, California
Cuisine of the Western United States
Economy of the Southwestern United States
Family-owned companies of the United States
Fast-food chains of the United States
Fast-food franchises
Fast-food hamburger restaurants
Privately held companies of the United States
Regional restaurant chains in the United States
Restaurants established in 1948
Restaurants in Los Angeles

In-N-Out Burger


Der Carlton-Intersport-Cup 1986 im Badminton fand vom 8. bis zum 12. Oktober 1986 in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Deutschland statt. Mit einem Preisgeld von 14.000 US-Dollar wurde das Turnier in Kategorie 2 der Grand-Prix-Wertung eingestuft.

Finalresultate

Referenzen
 Programmheft German Open 1987, S. 45
 Badmintonmuseet.dk S. 8

World Badminton Grand Prix 1986
1986

Carlton-Intersport-Cup 1986


Velika palača Cipiko u gradiću Trogiru, Gradska ulica 43, predstavlja zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis
Velika palača Cipiko, smještena u povijesnoj jezgri Trogira, sklop je koji se sastoji od romaničkih građevina pregrađenih najvjerojatnije oko 1457. godine. Palača je pregrađena još nekoliko puta, a danas ima izgled dvokatnice s visokim potkrovljem, građene od pravilno kleasnih kamenih blokova ukrašenih kamenom plastikom vrsnih majstora. Iza 1474.g. djelovanjem Nikole Firentinca sagrađeno je renesansno dvorište s galerijama, a kasnorenesansna pregradnja oko 1600.g. vezuje se uz djelovanje radionice Bokanić. Glavno ulazno pročelje na istoku ima renesansni portal Ivana Duknovića. Portal na južnom pročelju djelo je Nikole Firentinca.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4379 zavedena je pod vrstom "nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno", pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambeno-poslovne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Cipiko, velika
Cipiko

Velika palača Cipiko u Trogiru


Em estatística, o teste de Levene é uma estatística inferencial usada para avaliar a igualdade de variâncias de uma variável calculada para dois ou mais grupos. Alguns procedimentos estatísticos comuns presumem que as variâncias das populações das quais as diferentes amostras são extraídas são iguais. O teste de Levene avalia essa suposição. Ele testa a hipótese nula de que as variâncias populacionais são iguais (chamada de homogeneidade de variância ou homocedasticidade). Se o valor-p resultante do teste de Levene for menor que algum nível de significância (normalmente 0,05), é improvável que as diferenças obtidas nas variâncias amostrais tenham ocorrido com base na amostragem aleatória de uma população com variâncias iguais. Assim, a hipótese nula de variâncias iguais é rejeitada e conclui-se que há diferença entre as variâncias na população.

Alguns dos procedimentos que normalmente presumem homocedasticidade, para os quais se pode usar os testes de Levene, incluem análise de variância e testes t.

Definição
O teste de Levene é equivalente a uma análise de variância entre grupos (ANOVA) de 1 via, sendo a variável dependente o valor absoluto da diferença entre uma pontuação e a média do grupo ao qual a pontuação pertence (mostrada abaixo como ). A estatística de teste, , é equivalente à estatística , que seria produzida por tal ANOVA e é definida da seguinte forma:

Onde

  é o número de grupos diferentes aos quais os casos amostrados pertencem,
  é o número de casos  º grupo,
  é o número total de casos em todos os grupos,
  é o valor da variável medida para o  º caso do  º grupo,

(Ambas as definições estão em uso, embora a segunda seja, estritamente falando, o teste de Brown-Forsythe).

A estatística do teste  é aproximadamente distribuída em F com  e  graus de liberdade e, portanto, é o significado do resultado  de  testado contra , onde  é um quantil da distribuição F, com  e  graus de liberdade e  é o nível de significância escolhido (geralmente 0,05 ou 0,01).

Referências

Testes estatísticos
Análise de variância

Teste de Levene


Cranberry Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Cranberry Township (Alleghany County, North Carolina)
 Cranberry Township (Avery County, North Carolina)
 Cranberry Township (Ohio)
 Cranberry Township (Butler County, Pennsylvania)
 Cranberry Township (Venango County, Pennsylvania)

Cranberry Township


Akçahisar ilçesi (), Arnavutluk'un ilçelerinden biriydi. İlçe, ülkenin orta batı kesimlerinde yer almaktaydı. 1992-2000 yılları arasında Dıraç ilinin bir parçası olup 2000 yılında yapılan idari düzenleme sonucunda idari olarak lağvedilmiştir. Yüzölçümü 333 km² olan ilçenin nüfusu 2010 yılı itibarı ile 67.698'dir. İlçenin merkezi kendisi ile aynı adı taşıyan Akçahisar idi.

Akçahisar ilçesi, Akçahisar, Bubq, Cudhi, Fushë-Kruja, Kodër-Thumana ve Nikël belediyelerine ayrılmaktaydı.

Kaynakça

Dıraç İli
Arnavutluk'un ilçeleri

Akçahisar (ilçe)


Lampornithini é uma das três tribos que constituem a subfamília Trochilinae, pertencente à família Trochilidae, que inclui os beija-flores. As outras tribos existentes nesta subfamília são Mellisugini (besourinhos) e Trochilini (asas-de-sabre, esmeraldas). Esta tribo contém um total de 18 espécies, divididas em sete gêneros.

Filogenia
Um estudo filogenético molecular sobre beija-flores publicado em 2007 descobriu que a família consistia em nove clados. Após a atualização da quarta edição do Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, realizada por Edward C. Dickinson e James van Remsen, Jr. em 2013, a família dos beija-flores foi dividida em seis subfamílias com base nos resultados moleculares, redefinindo a subfamília Trochilinae em três clados, cada um dos quais colocados em tribos separadas: Trochilini, Lampornithini e Mellisugini. A tribo Lampornithini com a atual circunscrição foi introduzida em 2009. Uma subfamília baseada no gênero Lampornis foi introduzida por William Jardine in 1833. A denominação Lampornithinae foi utilizada por Carlo Maria Bonaparte em 1842.

O cladograma acima se baseia nos estudos filogenéticos moleculares publicados por Jimmy McGuire e colaboradores entre 2007 e 2014. As respectivas denominações em latim derivam daquelas propostas por Edward Dickinson e James van Remsen, Jr. em 2013.

Lista taxonômica
Esta tribo possui as seguintes espécies, divididas em seus respectivos gêneros.

Bibliografia

Aves da América
Troquilídeos
Tribos de apodiformes

Lampornithini


An Juncus occidentalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Frederick Vernon Coville, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Karl McKay Wiegand. An Juncus occidentalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Juncus

Juncus occidentalis


Alastair Reid (22 de Março de1926, em Whithorn - 21 de Setembro de 2014, em Manhattan) foi um poeta Escocês e um estudioso da literatura Sul Americana. Era conhecido por seus poemas terem um estilo alegre e por suas traduções de poetas Sul Americanos Jorge Luis Borges e Pablo Neruda. Embora fosse conhecido por suas traduções, seus próprios poemas haviam ganhado notoriedade durante sua vida. Viveu na Espanha, Suíça, Grécia, Marrocos, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, a República Dominicana e nos Estados Unidos. Durante o editorial de William Shawn, escrevia para o jornal The New Yorker, mas sua renda principal vinha pelas aulas que dava.

Vida
Reid nasceu em Whithorn em Galloway, na Escócia, filho de um pastor. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, serviu para a Marinha Real Britânica decodificando mensagens criptografadas. Depois de guerra, se engajou em estudos clássicos na Universidade de St. Andrews e brevemente ensinou, também, estudos clássicos na Universidade de Sarah Lawrence, em Nova Iorque. Em meados de 1950, viajou para Mallorca, passando algum tempo trabalhando como o secretário de Robert Graves.

Em 1984, em uma entrevista para o Wall Street Journal, Reid admitiu fabricar vários detalhes de seu relatório da Espanha para o New Yorker, incluindo inventando lugares e atribuir declarações para criar personagens. Disse que essas invenções foram uma tentativa para apresentar "uma verdade maior, em que fatos formam uma parte." Em seu livro, Whereabouts, Reid contraria esse artigo com o que segue:Essas reportagens estavam no centro de uma tempestade curiosa que explodiu na imprensa americana em Junho de 1984. Mais ou menos um ano depois, apresentei um seminário na Universidade de Yale na linha tênue entre fato e ficção, utilizando exemplos de vários escritores, com Borges entre eles, e do meu próprio trabalho também. Um estudante do seminário se tornou um reporter e publicou uma reportagem no The Wall Street Journal que me acusava de ter distorcido fatos, referenciando casos que havia citado no meu seminário. Vários editoriais de jornais tomaram isso como fato e usaram a reportagem para condenar o New Yorker. Alguns colunistas me acoimaram por ter escrito sobre uma aldeia Espanhola "imaginária", uma acusação que teria encantado os habitantes dela… Nenhum dos meus críticos, até onde sei, voltaram para ler minha obra em questão.Reid publicou mais de quarenta livros de poemas, traduções e literaturas de viagem, incluindo Ounce Dice Trice, um livre de jogo de palabras e aleatoriedade literária para crianças (ilustrado por Ben Shahn), e duas seleções de suas obras: Outside In: Selected Prose and Inside Out: Selected Poetry and Translations (ambos de 2008).

Entre 1980 e 1990, Reid passava boa parte de seu tempo em uma plantação de gengibre, no Samaná, República Dominicana, até 2003, quando o turismo teve seu "boom" na área.

Reid morreu em 21 de Setembro de 2014 com 88 anos, devido a um sangramento gástrico durante um tratamento para pneumonia.

Leitura adicional

 Hubbard, Tom, "Wandering Scots: Home and Abroad", em Hubbard, Tom (2022), Convite para a Viagem: Escócia, Europa e Literatura, Rymour, pp. 125 - 134,

Referências

Outras fontes

 Internacional Quem é Quem na Poesia 2004

 Alastair Reid na Scottish Poetry Library (spl.org.uk)
 "Curiosity", um poema original de Reid

Alunos da Universidade de St. Andrews
Mortos em 2014
Nascidos em 1926

Alastair Reid


As competições de boliche nos Jogos Sul-Americanos de 2022' em Assunção, Paraguai, estão programadas para serem realizadas entre 9 e 12 de outubro de 2022 no Strike Bowling.

Calendário
O calendário da competição é o seguinte:

Resumo de medalhas

Quadro de medalhas

Medalhistas

Participação
Doze nações participaram do boliche dos Jogos Sul-Americanos de 2022.

Referências

Eventos dos Jogos Sul-Americanos de 2022
Jogos Sul-Americanos
2022

Boliche nos Jogos Sul-Americanos de 2022


دامودار نهر بالهند طوله حوالي 595 كم يجري بولايتي بيها و البنغال الغربية ليتصل بنهر هوجلي

أقيمت عليه 8 سدود كبرى تمد كلكتا و المنطقة الصناعية التي تقوم في منطقة نهر الهوجلي بالكهرباء .

مراجع

دامودار
أنهار بنغال الغربية
أنهار جهارخاند

دامودار


المستوقد  أو المُصْطَلى أو المَصلى المعروف أيضاً باسم المِدفأة، وكان عملياً الطريقة الأولى لتدفئة المنزل، في الواقع إذا زُرت أي قلعة، حصن أو منزل قديم جداً، قد ترى تقريباً في كل غرفة مدخنة. يُبنى  بأبعاد وأحجام وأشكال ومواد مختلفة. تُبنى المدخنة على الحائط أو في ركن من الغرفة، حيث لهل ثمة مدخنة، ضرورية لنقل دخان الاحتراق التي تنتجها إلى الخارج. يُسمَّى الحاجز الموضوع أمام المستوقد المُقَضَّب.

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تدفئة وتكييف

مستوقد


Papa Pio VI. za vrijeme svoga pontifikata (1800. – 1823.) održao je 23 konzistorija na kojima je imenovao ukupno 73 kardinala.

Konzistorij 24. travnja 1775. (I.)

 Leonardo Antonelli, prisjednik Svete kongregacije za inkviziciju
 Bernardino de' Vecchi, dekan klerika Apostolske komore i prefekt Annone

Konzistorij 29. svibnja 1775. (II.)

 Giovanni Carlo Bandi, imolski biskup, ujak Njegove Svetosti

Konzistorij 17. srpnja 1775. (III.)
 Francesco Maria Banditi, Theat., beneventanski nadbiskup
 Ignazio Boncompagni-Ludovisi, pro-legat u Bologni, referent Vrhovnih sudišta Signature pravde i milosti

Konzistorij 13. studenoga 1775. (IV.)
 Juan Tomás de Boxadors, O.P., glavni učitelj svoga reda

Konzistorij 15. travnja 1776. (V.)
 Luigi Valenti Gonzaga, cezarejski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Španjolskoj
 Giovanni Archinto, filipski naslovni nadbiskup, prefekt Svete Apostolske palače

Konzistorij 20. svibnja 1776. (VI.)

 Guido Calcagnini, osimski i cingolski biskup, prefekt Papinskoga kućanstva
 Angelo Maria Durini, ancirski naslovni nadbiskup, predsjednik Avignona

Konzistorij 23. lipnja 1777. (VII.)

 Bernardino Honorati, sidenski naslovni nadbiskup, tajnik Svete kongregacije za biskupe i redovnike
 Marcantonio Marcolini, solunski naslovni nadbiskupe, predsjednik Urbina
 Guglielmo Pallotta, glavni blagajnik Apostolske komore
 Gregorio Salviati, glavni saslušatelj Apostolske komore
 Andrea Gioannetti, O.S.B.Cam., bolonjski nadbiskup (1)
 Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil, C.R.S.P., dibonski naslovni biskup, konzultor Vrhovne svete kongregacije rimske i opće inkvizicije
 Giovanni Ottavio Manciforte Sperelli, teodosijski naslovni nadbiskup, prefekt Svete Apostolske palače
 Vincenzo Maria Altieri, prefekt Papinskoga kućanstva

Papa je imenovao i pridržao in pectore jednoga kardinala u ovom konzistoriju; njegovo ime nije nikada objavljeno.

Konzistorij 1. lipnja 1778. (VIII.)

 Francisco Javier Delgado y Venegas, zapadnoindijski patrijarh, seviljski nadbiskup, Španjolska
 Dominique de La Rochefoucauld, ruanski nadbiskup, Francuska
 Johann Heinrich von Frankenberg, mehelenski nadbiskup
 József Batthyány, ostrogonski nadbiskup, Austro-Ugarska
 Tommaso Maria Ghilini, rodaski naslovni nadbiskup, tajnik Svete kongregacije konzulte
 Carlo Giuseppe Filippa della Martiniana, biskup Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Savoja
 Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan-Guéménée, kanopuski naslovni biskup, strazburški koadjutor, s pravom nasljedstva, Francuska
 Fernando de Sousa e Silva, lisabonski primarius principalis i kapitularni vikar, Portugal
 Giovanni Cornaro, rimski guverner i vice-kamerlengo Svete Rimske Crkve
 Romoaldo Guidi, generalni preceptor general ordinarij bolnice S. Spirito in Sassia

Konzistorij 12. srpnja 1779. (IX.)
 František de Paula Hrzán z Harasova, saslušatelj Svete Rimske rote
 Alessandro Mattei, ferarski nadbiskup

Konzistorij 11. prosinca 1780. (X.)
 Paolo Francesco Antamori, prisjednik Vrhovne svete kongregacije rimske i opće inkvizicije, orvietski izabrani biskup

Konzistorij 16. prosinca 1782. (XI.)
 Giuseppe Maria Capece Zurlo, Theat., kalvijski biskup
 Raniero Finocchietti, glavni saslušatelj Apostolske komore

Konzistorij 20. rujna 1784. (XII.)
 Giovanni Andrea Archetti, kalcedonijski naslovni nadbiskup

Papa je imenovao i pridržao in pectore jednoga kardinala u ovom konzistoriju; njegovo ime nije nikada objavljeno.

Konzistorij 14. veljače 1785. (XIII.)
 Giuseppe Garampi, montefiaskonski i kornetski nadbiskup-biskup, nuncij u Austriji
 Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphilj, seleucijski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Francuskoj
 Vincenzo Ranuzzi, jakinski nadbiskup-biskup, nuncij u Portugalu
 Carlo Bellisomi, tianski naslovni nadbiskup
 Nicola Colonna di Stigliano, sebastanski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Španjolskoj
 Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti, O.S.B.Cas., imolski biskup
 Muzio Gallo, tajnik Svete kongregacije konzulte, viterbski izabrani biskup
 Giovanni De Gregorio, glavni saslušatelj kauza Apostolske komore
 Giovanni Maria Riminaldi, dekan saslušatelja Svete rimske rote
 Paolo Massei, dekan klerika Apostolske komore
 Francesco Carrara, tajnik Svete kongregacije Tridentskoga sabora
 Ferdinando Spinelli, rimski guverner i vice-kamerlengo Svete Rimske Crkve
 Antonio Maria Doria Pamphilj, apostolski protonotar, prefekt Papinskoga kućanstva
 Carlo Livizzani, predsjednik Urbina

Konzistorij 18. prosinca 1786. (XIV.)
 Romualdo Braschi-Onesti, prefekt Apostolske palače, apostolski protonotar, nećak pape Pija VI.

Konzistorij 29. siječnja 1787. (XV.)
 Filippo Carandini, tajnik Svete kongregacije Tridentskoga sabora

Konzistorij 7. siječnja 1788. (XVI.)
 José Francisco Miguel António de Mendoça, lisabonski patrijarh, Portugal

Konzistorij 15. prosinca 1788. (XVII.)
 Étienne-Charles de Loménie de Brienne, senski nadbiskup, Francuska

Konzistorij 30. ožujka 1789. (XVIII.)

 Antonino de Sentmenat y Cartellá, zapadnoindijski patrijarh, Španjolska
 Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana y Butrón, toledski nadbiskup, Španjolska
 Ignazio Busca, emeski naslovni nadbiskup, rimski guverner i vice-kamerlengo Svete Rimske Crkve
 Vittorio Gctano Costa d'Arignano, torinski nadbiskup
 Louis-Joseph de Montmorency-Laval, biskup Metza, Francuska
 Joseph Franz Anton von Auersperg, knez-biskup Passaua
 Stefano Borgia, apostolski protonotar, tajnik Svete kongregacije za širenje vjere
 Tommaso Antici
 Filippo Campanelli, apostolski protonotar, saslušatelj Njegove Svetosti

Konzistorij 3. kolovoza 1789. (XIX.)
 Ludovico Flangini, saslušatelj Svete Rimske rote

Konzistorij 26. rujna 1791. (XX.)
 Fabrizio Ruffo, glavni blagajnik Apostolske komore

Konzistorij 18. lipnja 1792. (XXI.)
 Giovanni Battista Caprara, ikonijski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Mađarskoj i Češkoj

Konzistorij 21. veljače 1794. (XXII.)

 Antonio Dugnani, rodijski naslovni nadbiskup
 Ippolito Antonio Vincenti Mareri, korintski naslovni nadbiskup
 Jean-Siffrein Maury, montefiaskonski i kornetski nadbiskup-biskup
 Giovanni Battista Bussi de Pretis, dekan Apostolske komore, izabrani biskup Jesija
 Francesco Maria Pignatelli, mlađi, apostolski protonotar i prefekt Papinskoga kućanstva
 Aurelio Roverella, apostolski protonotar
 Giovanni Rinuccini, rimski guverner i vice-kamerlengo Svete Rimske Crkve
 Filippo Lancellotti, apostolski protonotar i prefekt Apostolske palače

Konzistorij 1. lipnja 1795. (XXIII.)
 Giulio Maria della Somaglia, antiohijski naslovni patrijarh, tajnik Svete kongregacije za biskupe i redovnike

Bilješke

Vidi još
 Kardinalski zbor
 Konzistorij

Izvori

Pio 6
Kardinalski zbor

Kardinalska imenovanja pape Pija VI.


Fluoksetin başlıca santral nöronlarda serotonin seçici geri alımını inhibe eden (Selective Serotonine Reuptake Inhibitor) bir antidepresandır. Fluoksetin, seçici olarak serotoninin geri alımını engeller; fakat noradrenalin ve dopamin geri alımını etkilemez. Fluoksetin; adrenalin, asetilkolin, serotonin, dopamin, histamin ve GABA reseptörleri ile etkileşim göstermez.

Molekül DSÖ'nün Temel İlaçlar Listesi'nde yer almaktadır.

Tıpta kullanım alanları
Depresyon, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, bulimia nervosa, premenstrüel disforik bozukluk ve bir takım diğer psikiyatrik bozuklukların tedavisi ve semptomlarının giderilmesinde kullanılır.

Antidepresan ilaçların çocuklar ve 24 yaşına kadar olan gençlerdeki kullanımlarının, intihar düşünce ve davranışlarını artırma olasılığı bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle özellikle tedavinin başlangıcında ve ilk aylarında, ilaç dozunun artırılma/azaltılma ya da kesilme dönemlerinde hastanın gösterebileceği huzursuzluk, aşırı hareketlilik gibi beklenmedik davranış değişiklikleri ya da intihar olasılığı gibi nedenlerle hastanın gerek ailesi gerekse hekimler tarafından yakından izlenmesi gereklidir.

Yan etkileri
En sık karşılaşılan yan etkileri: afrodizyak, sinirlilik, uykusuzluk, yorgunluk ya da asteni, terleme, anoreksi, bulantı, diyare, baş dönmesi, tat değişikliği, görme bozukluğu, nadiren ateş, bacak ağrısı, nazal konjesyon, farenjit, sık idrara çıkma, seksüel disfonksiyon (libido azalması).

Kaynakça

Selektif serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri
5-HT3 antagonistleri
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ana ilaçları

Fluoksetin


ෆාසිල් මරිජා (උපත 1985 දෙසැම්බර් 4) යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හිටපු රග්බි සංගම් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි. මරීජා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විශිෂ්ටතම රග්බි සංගම් ක්‍රීඩකයෙක් ලෙසත් ආසියාවේ හොඳම ක්‍රීඩකයෙක් ලෙසත් ප්‍රකටය.  ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික රග්බි සංගම් කණ්ඩායමේ හිටපු නායකයා විය. මරිජා පැමිණෙන්නේ ක්‍රීඩා පවුල් පසුබිමකින් වන අතර, පසුගිය දශක හතර තුළ විවිධ සමාජ, සේවා කණ්ඩායම් සහ ජාතික රග්බි කණ්ඩායම් නියෝජනය කර ඇති පරම්පරා දෙකක් හරහා අවම වශයෙන් සාමාජිකයන් 17ක් සිටී. මරීජා කඳුකරයේ අගනුවර වන මහනුවර සිට පැමිණ ඇත.

ක්ලිෆර්ඩ් කුසලාන පිළිමළුන් පිටුදැකීමෙන් පසු මරීජා රග්බි සංගමයෙන් විශ්‍රාම ගත් අතර ඔහුගේ අවසන් තරගය නිත්තවෙල පිටියේදී 2018 පෙබරවාරි දින පැවැත්විණි.   2019 දී මරීජා මහනුවර SC හි ප්‍රධාන පුහුණුකරු ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී

පාසල් රග්බි
මරීජා සිය රග්බි කුසලතා ප්‍රගුණ කළේ මහනුවර කිංග්ස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලයෙන් වන අතර එය 1890 ගණන්වල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට පාසල් රග්බි ක්‍රීඩාව හඳුන්වා දුන් පළමු පාසල වේ. මරීජා, U-13 සිට U-20 දක්වා ඔහුගේ විද්‍යාල කණ්ඩායම් නියෝජනය කළේය. ඔහු 2003 දී 1st XV විද්‍යාලය හි ෆ්ල්යි හාෆ් ලෙස ක්‍රීඩා කළ අතර, 2004 වසරේ කිංග්ස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලයේ 1st XV හි නායකයා ලෙස අපරාජිත ත්‍රිත්ව ශූරතාවක් සඳහා ඔවුන්ව මෙහෙයවීය.  ඔහුගේ නායකත්වයෙන් කිංග්ස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලය ශූරතා දෙකම දිනාගත් සිංගර් ඉන්ටර්නැෂනල් 7 තරඟාවලියේ සහ ගෝල්ඩන් කී පාසල් 7 තරඟාවලියේ දක්ෂතම පාසල් ක්‍රීඩිකාව බවට පත්වූයේ මරීජාය.

16න් පහළ රග්බි වෘත්තිය
මරීජා මුලින්ම ශ්‍රී ලංකාව නියෝජනය කළේ 2000 වසරේදීය. එම වසරේදී ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික වයස අවුරුදු 16න් පහළ කණ්ඩායම සමඟින් පළමු වරට කනිෂ්ඨ රග්බි ආසියානු තරගාවලිය සඳහා සංචාරය කළේය. 2003 වසරේ ඔහු පාසල් වියේදීම ශ්‍රී ලංකා රග්බි පාපන්දු සංගමය (SLRFU) විසින් මහනුවර නිත්තවෙල රග්බි ක්‍රීඩාංගණයේ දී සංචාරක හොංකොං පිලට එරෙහිව පැවැති තරගයේදී ආරම්භක පෙළට ඇතුළත් වීමට ඔහුට ආරාධනා කරන ලදී.  2004 දී මරීජා, හැව්ලොක්ස් ක්‍රීඩා සමාජයට එරෙහිව නිත්තවෙල ක්‍රීඩාංගණයේ පැවැති දෙවැනි වටයේ තරගයේදී මහනුවර ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය නියෝජනය කරමින් සමාජ රග්බි දිවිය ආරම්භ කළේය. ඔහු එම වසරේම ක්ලිෆර්ඩ් කුසලාන පිළිමළුන් පිටුදැකීමේ තරඟාවලියේ මහනුවර SC කණ්ඩායම නියෝජනය කිරීමටද ගියේය. අද වන විට ඔහු මහනුවර ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය නියෝජනය කරමින් අඛණ්ඩව කටයුතු කරන අතර මෙම කාලය තුළ මහනුවර ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය ලීග් සහ පිළිමළුන් පිටුදැකීමේ තරඟාවලි අඛණ්ඩව ජයග්‍රහණය කරමින් ශ්‍රී ලංකා රග්බි තරඟාවලියේ රග්බි සිරස්තලවල ආධිපත්‍යය දැරීමට සමත් විය. වාරය අවසානයේ කැල්ටෙක්ස්/ඔබ්සර්වර් රග්බි සම්මාන උළෙලේදී ඔහු '2004 වසරේ වඩාත්ම පොරොන්දු වූ ක්‍රීඩකයා' ලෙස සම්මානයට පාත්‍ර විය. මේ සියල්ල ඔහු කළේ කිංග්ස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලයේ පාසල් ශිෂ්‍යයකුව සිටියදීය. ඔහු 2010 ක්ලබ් රග්බි වාරයේ දී ඔහුගේ ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය වන මහනුවර ක්‍රීඩා සමාජයේ නායකත්වයට පත් විය.

ජාතික නියෝජනය
මරීජා ශ්‍රී ලංකාව නියෝජනය කර ඇති ජාත්‍යන්තර තරඟාවලි රාශියකට එක් පැත්තක 7 සහ 15 යන දෙඅංශයෙන්ම සහභාගී වී ඇත. මෙය 50 ජාත්‍යන්තර එක් පැත්තක තරග පහළොවක් සහ පැති තරග 7ක ශතකයකට වඩා ඉක්මවයි. ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා රග්බි ක්‍රීඩකයන් අතරින් වැඩිම වාර ගණනක් තරග වැදුණු ක්‍රීඩකයා වේ. මරීජා ශ්‍රී ලංකා 7 කණ්ඩායමේ වත්මන් නායකයා වන අතර ඔහු බොහෝ ජාත්‍යන්තර 7 තරඟාවලි (2008, 2012 සහ 2013) ශ්‍රී ලංකා ටස්කර්ස් කණ්ඩායමට නායකත්වය දුන් අතර 2011 සහ 2013 ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික රග්බි කණ්ඩායම්වල උප නායකයා ලෙසද කටයුතු කළේය. 2010 හි, හොංකොං හි ආසියා පැසිෆික් බාබේරියන්ස් නියෝජනය කිරීමට ඔහුට ආරාධනා කරන ලද අතර ජෝර්ජ් ග්‍රෙගන්, ජස්ටින් මාෂල්, ක්‍රිස්ටියන් කලන්, හේල් ටිපෝ සහ පුහුණුකරු ඩේවිඩ් කැම්පේස් සමඟ ක්‍රීඩා කළේය. මරීජාට 2013 දී නවසීලන්තයේ ප්‍රභූ පුහුණු ඇකඩමියක් වන ඕක්ලන්ඩ් බ්ලූස් සඳහා ඕක්ලන්ඩ් හි රග්බි කාර්ය සාධන මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ මාස තුනක පුහුණුවක් ද තිබුණි. ඔහු නෝර්ත්ලන්ඩ් ITM කුසලාන සංවර්ධන සංචිතය සමඟ පුහුණු විය.

ඔහුගේ සමහර ජාත්‍යන්තර පැවරුම් නම්; සිංගර් ඉන්ටර්නැෂනල් 7 (2005, 2006 සහ 2007), 2005 ලෝක කුසලාන රග්බි 7 හි හොංකොංහි සුදුසුකම් ලැබීමේ තරඟ, පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්‍රීඩා ( 2006 සහ 2014 ), හොංකොං 7 (2005-2008 සහ 2014 ආසියානු, මැලේසියාව, ආසියානු, මැලේසියාව) ) 2012 සහ 2013 (තායිලන්තය, මැලේසියාව, ඉන්දියාව සහ සිංගප්පූරුව), ආසියානු 5 ජාතීන්ගේ තරඟාවලිය (2011, 2012 සහ 2013).  ෆාසිල්ගේ නායකත්වය යටතේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව 2013 දී 7's පරිපථයේ ආසියාවේ 3 වැනි හොඳම කණ්ඩායම ලෙස අවසන් වූ අතර 2014 ස්කොට්ලන්තයේ Glasgow හි පැවති පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්‍රීඩා රග්බි 7 හි පළිහ දිනා ගත්තේය.

මරීජා රග්බි ක්‍ෂේත්‍රයේ ඔහුගේ විශිෂ්ටත්වය වෙනුවෙන් ජාතික රග්බි සම්මාන රාශියක් දිනා ඇත. 2007 සහ 2009 දී, මරීජා වසරේ විශිෂ්ටතම ක්‍රීඩිකාව බවට පත් විය (කැල්ටෙක්ස් රග්බි සම්මාන, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව),  2009 දී ඔහු 'හොඳම තුන් කාර්තුව' ලෙසද පිළිගැනීමට ලක්විය, 2011 දී ඔහු 'හොඳම රගර් ක්‍රීඩකයා' බවට පත් විය. වසර' සහ 2012 දී ඔහු 'වසරේ හොඳම පියාසර අර්ධය' බවට පත් විය.

2015 දී මරීජා නැවතත් ශ්‍රී ලංකා නායකයා ලෙස පත් වූ අතර පිලිපීනයේ පැවති ආසියානු රග්බි ශූරතාවලියේදී කණ්ඩායම ජයග්‍රහණය කරා ගෙන ගියේය. 2016 වසරේ දී මරිජා ආබාධයකට ලක්වීමෙන් ඉවත් වීමෙන් පසුව ඔහු වෙනුවට සුදර්ශන මුතුතන්ත්‍රි ශ්‍රී ලංකා නායකයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී.

යොමු කිරීම්

ජීවමාන ජනයා
1985 උපත්

ෆාසිල් මරිජා


Kretsko narječje inačica je grčkoga jezika kojom se govori uglavnom na otoku Kreti. Pripada južnoj grupi narječja grčkoga i, kao i svi ostali, razvio se od koine. Obično se smatra narječjem grčkoga jezika. Ipak, prema nekima on je poseban jezik,  ali to nije mišljenje šire znanstvene zajednice.

Obilježja
Kretski pripada južnoj grupi grčkih narječja koji imaju jednu važnu odliku: palatalizaciju velara. U kretskom se tako /k/ (hrv. k) palatalizira u /t͡ʃ/ (hrv. č), /x/ (hrv. h) u /ʃ/ (hrv. š), /j/ (hrv. j) u /ʒ/ (hrv. ž) pred samoglasnicima /i/ i /e/.

Područje
Kretsko narječje rabi se uglavnom na Kreti gdje njime govore kretski Grci. Upotrebljavaju ga i Grci koji su emigrirali u veće gradove, posebno se ističe Atena te glavni centri grčke dijaspore, SAD, Australija i Njemačka.

Također, potomci kretski muslimana, koji su napustili otok u 19. i 20. stoljeću, rabe jezik i danas. U Turskoj ih se zove kretskim Turcima, a čine većinu populacije Ayvalıku i otocima Cunda. Kretski muslimani žive i u obalnim gradovima al-Hamidiyaha u Siriji te u susjednome libanonskom području. Neki su se govornici kretskog grčkog preselili na Kretu zbog Sirijskog građanskog rata. Njihov kretski zvuči arhaično u usporedbi s onim kojim se danas govori na Kreti.

Povijest

Godine 67. prije Krista Kreta je postala dijelom Cirenaike, provincije u Sjevernoj Africi, 395. godine prešla je Bizantu, ali Arapi su stekli kontrolu nad nekim dijelovima poslije 824. godine. Ipak, Bizant ih je vratio već 961. godine, nakon 4. križarskog rata križari su prodali Kretu Veneciji 1204. godine. Unatoč zapadnim vladarima, Krećani nisu napustili pravoslavlje, a ni svoj jezik ili kulturu. Osmanlije su osvojile glavni grad Krete (Kandiju, danas Heraklion) 1669. godine nakon jedne od najdužih opsada u povijesti. Kreta je stagnirala pod osmanskom kontrolom, a pokušaji ustanaka uvijek su bili ugušeni. Turci su napokon izbačeni iz Grčke 1898., a Kreta je dobila autonomijom sve do ulaska u uniju s Grčkom 1913. godine.

Poput svih modernih narječja (osim cakonskoga jezika i donekle grika i greka), kretsko narječje nastalo je od koine. U svojoj je strukturi i rječniku sačuvao neke odlike koje ga razlikuju od standarda. Ove su razlike uzrokovane udaljenošću od glavnih grčkih centara.

Izvori

Grčki jezik

Kretsko narječje


Loum Tchaouna, né le  à N'Djaména (Tchad), est un footballeur franco-tchadien qui évolue au poste d'ailier à l'US Salernitana.

Biographie

En club

Stade rennais FC
Le frère de Loum Tchaouna, Haroun Tchaouna, est footballeur international tchadien. Né à N'Djaména capitale du Tchad, Loum Tchaouna, signe en 2014 dans le centre de formation du Stade rennais FC après avoir débuté sa formation en Alsace au FC Kronenbourg, SC Schiltigheim et RC Strasbourg Alsace. Lors de la saison 2019-2020, il participe à trois matchs de Youth League et délivre une passe décisive.

Le , il signe son premier contrat professionnel au Stade rennais FC jusqu'en 2024.

Le , Loum Tchaouna joue son premier match avec Stade rennais FC lors d'une rencontre de Ligue 1 face au Girondins de Bordeaux en remplaçant Gaëtan Laborde (match nul, 1-1), quatre jours plus tard en Ligue Europa Conférence face au Vitesse Arnhem. Il est titularisé par Bruno Génésio et est impliqué sur les deux buts rennais provoquant le penalty, transformé par Serhou Guirassy et passeur décisif sur le but de Kamaldeen Sulemana. Son équipe remporte le match sur le score de deux buts à un.

Prêt au Dijon FCO
Le , pour gagner du temps de jeu, il est prêté sans option d'achat au Dijon FCO par le Stade rennais FC.

US Salernitana
Le , Loum Tchaouna s'engage en faveur de l'US Salernitana jusqu'en 2026.

En sélection
Possédant la double nationalité, Loum Tchaouna est sélectionnable avec l'équipe de France comme avec l'équipe du Tchad.

Loum Tchaouna joue avec les équipes de jeunes de l'équipe de France depuis les U16, les U17, les U19 et les U20.

Statistiques

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur français
Footballeur tchadien
Joueur du Stade rennais
Naissance en septembre 2003
Naissance à N'Djaména

Loum Tchaouna


IC 4634 ist ein Planetarischer Nebel im Sternbild Schlangenträger am Südsternhimmel, der schätzungsweise 7.500 Lichtjahre von der Sonne entfernt ist. Er hat eine punktsymmetrische, s-förmige Struktur, worin seine innere Hülle sich mit 20 km/s ausbreitet. Die innere Hülle zeigt eine intensive H-alpha-Emission, während die S-förmigen Bänder eine NII-Emissionlinie aufweisen.

Entdeckt wurde das Objekt 1894 von der amerikanischen Astronomin Williamina Fleming.

Weblinks
 astronews.com: Bild des Tages 18. Mai 2012
 IC4634's Glowing Waves

Einzelnachweise

IC 4634


Backpage.com était un site web de petites annonces fondé en 2004 par le groupe de presse alternative New Times Inc./New Times Media (devenu ensuite , VVM), concurrent de Craigslist.org.

Comme Craigslist, Backpage laissait aux utilisateurs la possibilité de télécharger des publicités dans des catégories comme : services à la personne, automobile, locations, emplois et services pour adultes. Il devient rapidement le deuxième plus grand site américain de petites annonces.

En 2010, Craigslist ferme sa catégorie « services pour adultes » devant la pression exercée par les  de l'État et d'autres critiques qui affirment que cette catégorie facilite la prostitution. Une grande part du marché aux annonces pour adultes migre de Craigslist vers d'autres sites ; Backpage est le principal bénéficiaire de l'opération.

Les personnes qui avaient critiqué Craigslist se tournent ensuite vers Backpage, qui résiste aux mouvements pour la censure du site jusqu'en janvier 2017 ; le site ferme ses pages pour adultes en amont d'une .

Le , le département de la Justice des États-Unis annonce la saisie et la fermeture de Backpage dans le cadre d'un acte d'accusation comptant 93 chefs contre les sept anciens propriétaires et directeurs du site, qui doivent répondre d'actes consistant à faciliter la prostitution, qui sont interdits par le , ainsi que de blanchiment d'argent et d'. Le même jour, le site annonce que Backpage et ses affiliés ont été saisis par le Federal Bureau of Investigation, avec le concours de plusieurs autres organismes du gouvernement.

En juillet 2018, l'acte d'accusation est remplacé par un autre, qui contient 100 chefs. En août 2018, l'un des défendeurs accepte une négociation de peine. Les six autres défendeurs plaident non coupables de tous les chefs d'accusation et un procès de jurés commence le .

Le , la juge fédérale Susan Brnovich prononce l'annulation du procès, car l'accusation et ses témoins insistent excessivement sur la traite sexuelle des enfants alors que les défenseurs ne sont pas accusés de ce crime. Elle déclare que , annonçant qu'une audition se tiendrait le 8 octobre.

Notes et références

Service en ligne
Prostitution aux États-Unis

Backpage


Brownlowioideae, potporodica biljaka, dio porodice sljezovki. Sastoji se od osam rodova, čije vrste rastu poglavito u Aziji, ali i u Africi, Južnoj Americi i Australiji.

Rodovi
 Berrya Roxb.
 Brownlowia Roxb.
 Christiana DC.
 Diplodiscus Turcz.
 Indagator Halford
 Jarandersonia Kosterm.
 Pentace Hassk.
 Pityranthe Thwaites

Hainania Merr. je sinonim za Pityranthe Thwaites.

Izvori

Sljezovke

Brownlowioideae


es un político japonés. Ha sido miembro de la Cámara de Representantes desde 1969, fue secretario jefe del Partido Liberal Democrático (PLD) pero luego renunció al partido. Fue presidente del Partido Democrático de Japón desde 2006 hasta 2009, en donde renunció luego de ser acusado por un escándalo de fondos, luego fue secretario general del partido desde 2009 hasta 2010, luego de la renuncia del primer ministro Yukio Hatoyama a los cargos de líder del partido y del país.

Ozawa es considerado uno de los políticos más influyentes del país. El 31 de enero de 2011 se le formularon cargos por evasión fiscal sobre unos terrenos en Tokio, valorados en casi 400 millones de yenes.

Notas

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial (en japonés)
  (en japonés)
 Ichirō Ozawa as an Actor in Japan's Foreign Policy Making
 From the DPJ for English readers
 Ichirō Ozawa, Blueprint for a New Japan: The Rethinking of a Nation; Introduction by US Senator John D. Rockefeller, IV; Kodansha, Hardcover, ISBN 4-7700-2034-1

Políticos de Japón del siglo XX
Políticos de Japón del siglo XXI
Grandes cruces de la Orden El Sol del Perú

Ichirō Ozawa


تورلو أوكارولان عزف هارب أيرلندي ويعتبر آخر العازفين القدماء والوحيد الذي عاشت أغانيه بينهم بكلماتها وألحانها بأكثر من 200 أغنية.

ولد تقريبا عام 1670م في مقاطعة ميث وكان ابن سباك حديد وفقد بصره في سن الثامنة عشرة بعد أن أصيب بالجدري وكان صديقا للسيدة مكديرموت زوجة مدير أبيه عينته كمرافق وعازف هارب وساندته لثلاث سنوات وهو يتدرب ثم أعطته المال ومرشدا وحصانا وسافر في أنحاء أيرلندا ورغم أنه لم يعتبر ماهرا في العزف إلا أنه نال الاحترام كملحن وشاعر توفي في 25 مارس 1738م.

روابط خارجية

مصادر

 1978 Encyclopedia Britannica

أيرلنديون في القرن 17
أيرلنديون في القرن 18
عازفو قيثارة أيرلنديون
مكفوفون من أيرلندا
ملحنو باروك أيرلنديون
ملحنون أيرلنديون
ملحنون أيرلنديون في القرن 17
ملحنون أيرلنديون في القرن 18
ملحنون ذكور أيرلنديون
مواليد 1670
مواليد في مقاطعة ميث
موسيقيون من مقاطعة ليتريم
موسيقيون من مقاطعة ميث
وفيات 1738
موسيقيون مكفوفون أيرلنديون
موسيقيون ذكور أيرلنديون في القرن 18
موسيقيون ذكور أيرلنديون في القرن 17

تورلو أوكارولان


برترام بروكهاوس   هو عالم فيزيائي كندي حاز على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1994 بالمشاركة مع كليفورد شال عن " مجهوداتهم الرائدة لتطوير تقنية تشتت النيوترونات لأغراض دراسة المادة المكثفة ، وبصفة خاصة لتطوير التحليل الطيفي النيوتروني neutron spectroscopy.

ولد برترام بروكهاوس 15 يوليو 1918 في مدينة ليثبريدج بولاية ألبرتا في كندا، وتوفي في 13 أكتوبر 2003. وكانت دراسته بجامعة تورونتو.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من ليثبريدج
أشخاص من هاميلتون
أعضاء الأكاديمية السويدية الملكية للعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة ماكماستر
حاصلون على وسام كندا من رتبة رفيق
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
حائزون على زمالة غوغنهايم
خريجو جامعة تورنتو
خريجو جامعة كولومبيا البريطانية
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
زملاء الجمعية الملكية في كندا
علماء ذرة كنديون
علماء كنديون في القرن 20
علماء من ألبرتا
علماء من أونتاريو
كنديون حازوا جائزة نوبل
مطيافيون
مواليد 1918
مواليد في ليثبريدج
وفيات 2003
وفيات في هاميلتون
علماء من ليثبريدج

برترام بروكهاوس


Röportaj, bir gazete yazarının ünlü, tanınmış kişiler, yerler ve olaylarla ilgili inceleme ve araştırmalarına kendi görüşlerini de ekleyerek oluşturduğu yazı türüdür. Röportaj kelimesinin kökeni, Latincede 'toplamak', 'getirmek' anlamlarında kullanılan reportare fiiline dayanır. Türkçeye, Fransızca "reportage" isminden geçmiştir.

Terminolojisi
Röportaj, bir gazete yazısı olmasına karşın, gezi türüyle iç içe olması, bazen sanatsal kaygılarla kaleme alınması, sıradan bir aktarma değil de özel bir yorum değerlendirme değeri taşıması gibi özellikleriyle, edebiyat türü olarak da kabul edilmektedir.

Röportaj, başlangıçta "sorular" ve "yanıtlar"dan oluşan "mülakat"tan farklı değilken gazeteciliğin gelişmesi ve ünlü edebiyatçıların röportaj türünde de yapıtlar ortaya koymaya başlamasıyla, daha çok araştırma, inceleme, soruşturmaya dayanan ve bazı gerçeklerin ortaya çıkmasına yardımcı olan bir dal haline gelmiştir.

Konuları
Röportajlar, yurt içi ya da yurt dışı siyasal, toplumsal, ekonomik, kültürel, vb. birçok konuda olabilir. İyi bir röportaj yazarının ele aldığı konuyu enine boyuna araştırması, incelemesi, ilgililerle görüşmesi, konuyla ilgili yerleri gezip görmesi, gerekli belgeleri toplaması gerekir. Yani röportaj, yalnızca gözlemlerin, izlenimlerin ya da konuşmaların aktarılması değil, bunların ötesinde bir yorum ve değerlendirme yazısıdır.

Röportaj, gazete ve gazetecilikle birlikte gelişen bir türdür. Dünyadaki aşağı yukarı bütün gazete ve dergilerde görülen röportajlar, konuyla ilgili olarak çekilen fotoğraflarla bütünlenmekte, fotoğraf röportaja belgesellik, gerçekçilik ve görsellik sağlamaktadır.

Röportaj hangi konuyla ilgiliyse önceden yapılmış örnek röportajlardan yardım alınmalıdır ve çok fazla özel olmadan tüm sorular - konuyla ilgili- merak edilenler sorulmalıdır.

Röportaj yazarlığı
Dünyada pek çok ünlü edebiyatçı, aynı zamanda röportaj yazarlığı da yapmıştır. Bunlar arasında Jack London, Ernest Hemingway, İlya Ehrenburg, Mihail Şolohov, Jean-Paul Sartre vb. anılabilir. Curzio Malaparte ile Raymond Cartier de, gazetecilikten yetişme röportaj yazarlarındandır.

Foto röportaj
Foto röportaj, yazıya ve başka bir elemana gerek duymadan, bir olayı anlatabilmektir. 1980'lerin başında yükselişe geçen, 80'lerin sonundan 2000'lerin ortalarına kadar duraklama dönemini yaşayan, dijital ortamda çokça ilgi gören foto röportaj aynı zaman belgesel niteliği taşır ve oldukça önemlidir. Bu işle ilgilenen fotoğrafçı sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Foto röportaj aynı zamanda uzun soluklu bir çalışmayı beraberinde getirir.

Bir olayın (bir yerin, kişinin vb.) foto röportajını yapmaya gitmeden önce bir dizi ön hazırlık yapılması gerekir ve her şey en ince ayrıntısına kadar düşünülmelidir. Foto röportaj betimleyicidir, fotoğrafları inceleyen insanlar fotoğrafçının ne dediğini anlamalıdır, bu yüzden konuyu düzgün seçmek ve konu hakkında bilgi toplamak ciddi önem taşımaktadır. Foto röportaj, senaryolu olmadığı için, konunun tekrar edilebilir olması önem taşımaktadır. Bir yazarın düşünmeye zamanı, bir fotoğrafçıya oranla daha fazladır. Yazar aldığı notlarla, daha sonra yapacağı işi tekrarlayabilir. Bir fotoğrafçı için bu olanak yoktur. Bresson bu konu hakkında şöyle söylemiştir: "Röportaj, bir sorunu, bir olayı ya da izlenimleri saptamak için aklın, gözün ve yüreğin de katılmış olduğu bir süreçtir." Diğer bir konu da flaş kullanma sorunudur. Tanınan birçok foto röportajcı flaş kullanmamaktadır. Flaş kullanılmanın kaçınılmaz olduğu durumlar olsa da kullanmamak, çekimi yapılan olayı kendi ışığı ile çekmek önemlidir. Fotoğrafçılar genel olarak flaş kullanımına kaşıdırlar çünkü fotoğrafın gerçekliğini yok ettiğini düşünürler.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Mülâkat
 Öğretici metinler

Kaynakça

Fransızcadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler
Sözlü tarih

Röportaj


El ANSPS-40 es un radar de búsqueda aérea bidimensional, y de largo alcance de la Armada de Estados Unidos que es capaz de proporcionar seguimiento y gama del contacto. Fue usado en destructores Clase Spruance cruceros Clase Belknap, cruceros Clase Leahy, fragatas Clase Knox, fragatas Clase Bronstein, cúteres Clase Hamilton, barcos anfibios de Clase Raleigh de transporte y muchas otras clases de barco. Fue reemplazado por el ANSPS-49 en los buques nuevos y en barcos que recibieron la nueva actualización New Threat Upgrade.

Características
 Nombre = AN/SPS-40
 País =
 Introducido = En los 1960s
 Número =Centenas
 Tipo = Búsqueda aérea bidimensional
 Frecuencia = 400 MHz, UHF band
 Rango = 200 kilowatts (peak)
 Altitud =
 diámetro = 140" x 214"
 Azimut = 0-360°
 Elevación = Amplitud del haz vertical 19°
 Precisión = Ancho del haz horizontal 10.5°

Galería

Véase también
 Lista de radares

Enlaces externos
 GlobalSecurity AN/SPS-40
 Combat Index Sensores
 Electronics Technician Volume 4-Radar Systems - via Tpub

Radares marinos
Electrónica militar de Estados Unidos
Sistema de designación de tipo conjunto de electrónica

AN/SPS-40


Hrana Vuković je bio veliki vojvoda iz obitelji Kosača. Mlađi je sin Vuka Hrane i brat vojvode Vlatka Vukovića. Hrana je povećao ugled i moć obiteljskog roda. Ljudevit Thallóczy Hranu naziva "velikim knezom Bosanskoga Kraljevstva", a Marko Perojević "velikim vojvodom bosanskim". O djelovanju Hrane Vukovića ništa se ne zna. Hrana je imao sinove Sandalja Hranića, velikog vojvodu Bosne, Vukca, kneza, i Vuka, također kneza. Djed hercega Stjepana Vukčića Kosače.

Izvori

Bosanska i humska vlastela
Kosače

Hrana Vuković