Elmore Rual "Rip" Torn Jr. (February 6, 1931 – July 9, 2019) was an American actor whose career spanned more than 60 years. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for playing Marsh Turner in Cross Creek (1983). Torn's portrayal of Artie the producer on The Larry Sanders Show received six Emmy Award nominations, winning in 1996. He also won an American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Male in a Series, and two CableACE Awards for his work on the show.  Torn is also known for his roles as Zed in the Men in Black franchise (1997–2002) and Patches O'Houlihan in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story (2004).

Early life
Elmore Rual Torn, Jr. was born on February 6, 1931, in Temple, Texas, the son of Elmore Rual "Tiger" Torn, Sr., and Thelma Mary Torn (née Spacek). The senior Elmore was an agriculturalist and economist who worked to promote the consumption of black-eyed peas, particularly as a custom on New Year's Day. Thelma was an aunt of actress Sissy Spacek. The family is of German, Austrian, and Czech/Moravian ancestry. The nickname "Rip" is a family tradition among men in the Torn family, having been used by his father, uncle, and a cousin. Torn graduated from Taylor High School in Taylor, Texas, in 1948.

Torn was a member of the Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets, although he graduated from the University of Texas where he studied acting under the Shakespeare professor B. Iden Payne, and was a member of the Alpha Nu chapter of the Sigma Chi fraternity. After graduation, he served in the Korean War with the 2nd Infantry Division with the military police in the United States Army.

Career

Film and television
After moving to Hollywood, Torn made his film debut in the 1956 film Baby Doll. Torn then studied at the Actors Studio in New York under Lee Strasberg, becoming a prolific stage actor, appearing in the original cast of Tennessee Williams' play Sweet Bird of Youth, and reprising the role in the film and television adaptations. Torn later helped his younger cousin  Sissy Spacek enroll in the Actors Studio.  He also appeared in the first production of his friend James Baldwin's Blues For Mister Charlie.  Along with Baldwin and numerous mutual friends he was active in the Civil Rights movement from the '50s forward, as Baldwin's biographer David Leeming relates.

One of Torn's earliest roles was in Pork Chop Hill, portraying the brother-in-law of Gregory Peck's character. He also had an uncredited role in A Face in the Crowd as Barry Mills. In 1957, Torn portrayed Jody in an early episode of The Restless Gun. In 1957, he starred as incarcerated Steve Morgan in the Alfred Hitchcock Presents episode "Number Twenty-Two", and on the same series in 1961, he played a recently released prisoner, Ernie Walters, in the Alfred Hitchcock Presents episode "The Kiss-Off". After portraying Judas, betrayer of Jesus, in 1961 epic film King of Kings, Torn appeared in the February 7, 1962, episode of the acclaimed TV series The Naked City, "A Case Study of Two Savages", adapted from the real-life case of backwood killers Charles Starkweather (played by Torn) and Ora Mae Youngham, (played by Tuesday Weld), Starkweather's young bride, who were on a homicidal spree starting in Appalacia and ending in New York City. He played a graduate student with multiple degrees in 1963 television series Channing, and as Roy Kendall in the Breaking Point episode "Millions of Faces". More military roles followed, as a Marine drill instructor in an episode of The Lieutenant in 1963 and as a GI in an episode of Combat! the next year. In 1964, Torn appeared as Eddie Sanderson in the episode "The Secret in the Stone" in The Eleventh Hour and in the premiere of The Reporter. In 1965, in the film The Cincinnati Kid, he played Slade, a corrupt New Orleans millionaire, who pressures Steve McQueen during a high-stakes poker game. On television that year, Torn portrayed Colonel Royce in the episode "The Lorelei" of Twelve O'Clock High. Following these roles, he had turns as a character actor in numerous subsequent films. The part of George Hanson in Easy Rider was written for Torn by Terry Southern, but according to Southern's biographer Lee Hill, Torn withdrew from the project after  co-director Dennis Hopper and he got into a bitter argument in a New York restaurant. Jack Nicholson played Hanson, instead, in a career-launching performance.

In 1972, Torn won rave reviews for his portrayal of a country and western singer in the cult film Payday. He co-starred with singer David Bowie in the 1976 science-fiction film, The Man Who Fell to Earth. He portrayed a Southern senator in 1979's The Seduction of Joe Tynan, opposite Alan Alda and Meryl Streep, and a music producer in Paul Simon's 1980 film One-Trick Pony.

In 1982, Torn played a role as a black magic cult leader in the sword-and-sorcery movie The Beastmaster. He also co-starred in Jinxed!, a comedy with Bette Midler, and appeared as an airline executive in Airplane II: The Sequel. He played a sheriff opposite Treat Williams and Kris Kristofferson in the 1984 thriller Flashpoint. Torn received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his role in 1983's Cross Creek as a poor neighbor of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings in the orange groves of Florida. He was nominated for the CableACE Award for his portrayal of Big Daddy in the 1984 Showtime production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. He co-starred with John Candy as a man who helps a tourist win a sailboat race in the 1985 comedy Summer Rental. He had a brief role as Sheriff Hank Pearson in Extreme Prejudice.

In 1988, he ventured into directing with The Telephone. The screenplay was written by Terry Southern and Harry Nilsson, and the film was produced by their company, Hawkeye. The story, which concerned an unhinged, out-of-work actor, had been written with Robin Williams in mind. After he turned it down, Whoopi Goldberg expressed a strong interest, but when production began, Torn reportedly had to contend with Goldberg constantly digressing and improvising, and he had to plead with her to perform takes that stuck to the script.

Goldberg was backed by the studio, which also allowed her to replace Torn's chosen DP, veteran cinematographer John A. Alonzo, with her husband. As a result of the power struggle, Torn, Southern, and Nilsson cut their own version of the film, using the takes that adhered to the script and this was screened at the Sundance Film Festival, but the studio put together a rival version using other takes and it was poorly reviewed when it premiered in January 1988.

In 1990, he portrayed Colonel Fargo in By Dawn's Early Light, a film from HBO about a fictional world war. In 1991, he portrayed Albert Brooks' character's celestial defense attorney in Defending Your Life. He was a jeweler who murdered his own nephew to steal a winning lottery ticket in an episode of Columbo that year on TV, "Death Hits the Jackpot". In 1993, Torn portrayed the OCP CEO in RoboCop 3 and starred opposite Tantoo Cardinal in Where the Rivers Flow North. This is the same year that Torn played the owner of a fictional battery company in a series of Energizer commercials in which the owner of a rival battery company hires various fictional villains to assault the Energizer Bunny and eliminate the competition. He was a naval officer presiding over a wargame in the Kelsey Grammer submarine comedy Down Periscope in 1996.

In 1997, Torn appeared in the Disney film Hercules, in which he voiced the god Zeus. Torn played MIB agency boss Zed in the 1997 hit film Men in Black, starring Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones, a role he reprised in the 2002 sequel Men in Black II. In 2001, Torn portrayed James "Jim" Brody in the comedy film Freddy Got Fingered. In 2004, he played the iconic wrench-tossing coach Patches O'Houlihan in DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story.

Stage career

Broadway
Torn appeared in ten Broadway plays and directed one. In 1959, he made his feature Broadway debut when he played Tom Junior in Sweet Bird of Youth, for which he won a Theatre World Award and also received a Tony Award nomination.

He returned next in 1962 in the play Daughter of Silence as Carlo, following that with a role in the 1963 production of Strange Interlude. In 1964, he played Lyle Britten in Blues for Mister Charlie, and four years later, he was Roberto in The Cuban Thing for its only performance on September 24, 1968.

In 1971, he portrayed Edgar in Dance of Death, and directed his first Broadway play in 1973: Look Away. In 1975, he portrayed the Son in the Broadway revival of The Glass Menagerie and 5 years later, portrayed Don in Mixed Couples. For 13 years, Torn was absent from Broadway, but returned in 1993 to portray Chris Christopherson in Anna Christie. In his last Broadway appearance in 1997, Torn portrayed Will Kidder in The Young Man from Atlanta.

Off-Broadway
Torn made his feature off-Broadway acting debut as Eben Cabot in the play Desire Under the Elms, followed by Peter in The Kitchen at the 81st Street Theatre. His third off-Broadway role was Marion-Faye-A-Pimp in The Deer Park, for which he won the 1967 Obie Award for Distinguished Performance. He performed at the Lucille Lortel Theatre in the play Dream of a Blacklisted Actor, and later at the Joseph Papp Public Theater's Anspacher Theater as William McLeod in Barbary Shore. He last acted off-Broadway at the American Place Theatre as Henry Hackamore in Sam Shepard's 1979 play Seduced: a Play in Two Acts.

Torn's off-Broadway debut as director was for the Evergreen Theater with the play The Beard; he won the 1968 Obie for Distinguished Direction for that work. He next directed The Honest-to-God Schnozzia at the Gramercy Arts Theater, followed by August Strindberg's Creditors and The Stronger—in which he acted beside his wife at the time, Geraldine Page for the Joseph Papp Public Theater. Torn and Page also co-produced that production, and had previously presented the two plays along with Miss Julie at the off-off-Broadway Hudson Guild Theatre the year before.

The Larry Sanders Show
From 1992 to 1998, Torn portrayed Artie in The Larry Sanders Show. For his work, Torn received six consecutive Emmy Award nominations as Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series and won the award once (1996). Torn was the only actor in the series who won an Emmy Award for his work. Other than the Emmy nominations and win, he received two American Comedy Awards nominations for Funniest Male Performance in a Series, winning once, and two CableACE Awards for his work on the series.

Later career

Following The Larry Sanders Show, Torn appeared in many comedic roles in films. He was also known for his voice work and did voice-overs for many animated films.

In 2007 and 2008, he made five guest appearances on 30 Rock as the fictional chief executive officer of General Electric, Don Geiss. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in the category for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series, but lost to Tim Conway, who guest-starred in the same sitcom. Torn's character was reportedly killed off as a direct result of his 2010 arrest, though Tina Fey denied this in a DVD commentary. Torn voiced the character of Hephaestus in the 2010 video game, God of War III.

Torn also appears in the music video for the They Might Be Giants song "Can't Keep Johnny Down", from their 2011 album Join Us.

In 2015, he reprised his role as Zed in a Men in Black safety video for Air New Zealand with rugby player Israel Dagg and singer Stan Walker.

Personal life

Family
Torn was married three times, and had six children and four grandchildren.

His first marriage to actress Ann Wedgeworth lasted from 1956 to 1961. They had a daughter, Danae Torn.

In 1963, Torn married Geraldine Page, and they remained married until her death in 1987. They had a daughter, actress Angelica Page, and twin sons: actor Tony Torn, and Jon Torn (an associate professor of electronic media and film at Northern Arizona University). Torn apparently delighted in the fact that the doorbell of their New York townhouse read Torn Page.

Torn married actress Amy Wright in 1989. They had two children, Katie and Claire Torn.

Legal issues
On January 29, 2010, Torn was arrested after breaking into a Litchfield Bancorp branch office in Lakeville, Connecticut. He was charged with carrying a firearm without a permit, carrying a firearm while intoxicated, first-degree burglary, second-degree criminal trespassing, and third-degree criminal mischief. The Connecticut State Police said Torn, who lived in Lakeville, broke into the bank thinking it was his home. In court, his lawyer told the judge his client needed help with alcohol abuse and that he could start treatment immediately in New York. Torn was released on $100,000 bail.

As a condition of his release, Torn had to be evaluated for substance abuse. On August 11, 2010, Torn was denied special probation, which would have allowed his name to be cleared of charges. The judge in the case cited Torn's history of alcohol abuse and the possession of a loaded weapon while intoxicated, which carries a minimum one-year sentence. On December 14, 2010, Torn pleaded guilty to reckless endangerment, criminal trespass, criminal mischief, and possession of a firearm, and was given a two-and-a-half-year suspended jail sentence, and three years' probation.

On-set conflicts
Appearing as an interview subject in Studs Terkel's 1974 oral-history book Working, Torn confessed, "I have certain flaws in my make-up. Something called irascibility. I get angry easily. I get saddened by things easily."

While filming Maidstone (1968), Torn struck director and star Norman Mailer in the head with a hammer. With the camera rolling, Mailer bit Torn's ear and they wrestled to the ground. The fight continued until it was broken up by cast and crew members. The fight is featured in the film. Although the scene may have been planned by Torn, the blood shed by both actors was real, and Torn was reportedly outraged by Mailer's direction.

In 1994, he filed a defamation lawsuit against Dennis Hopper over a story Hopper told on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Hopper claimed that Torn pulled a knife on him during pre-production of the film Easy Rider (1969). According to Hopper, Torn was originally cast in the film, but was replaced with Jack Nicholson after the incident. Torn claimed in his lawsuit that Hopper pulled the knife on him. A trial court judge ruled in Torn's favor and Hopper was ordered to pay $475,000 in compensatory damages, but denied Torn's request for punitive damages, ruling Hopper had not acted with malice. Hopper appealed. On April 1, 1998, a California appellate court upheld the ruling for compensatory damages, and reversed the ruling for the punitive damages, requiring Hopper to pay another $475,000.

Death
Torn died on July 9, 2019, at his home in Lakeville, Connecticut, at the age of 88 due to complications from Alzheimer's disease. He is buried at the Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

External links

  (archive)

 Rip Torn at The TV IV
 Rip Torn at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection
 Production: Anna Christie—Working in the Theater Seminar video at American Theatre Wing, January 1993
 Rip Torn obituary: talent got trouble Sight & Sound, July 2019

1931 births
2019 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Actors Studio alumni
American anti–Vietnam War activists
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of Austrian descent
American people of Czech descent
American people of German descent
American people of Moravian-German descent
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in Connecticut
Film directors from Texas
Male actors from New York City
Male actors from Texas
Military personnel from Texas
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
People from Lakeville, Connecticut
People from Taylor, Texas
People from Temple, Texas
Texas A&M University alumni
United States Army officers
University of Texas at Austin alumni

Rip Torn


240757 Farkasberci este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
240757 Farkasberci este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Piszkesteto de Krisztián Sárneczky. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,00 ua, o excentricitate de 0,04 și o înclinație de 11,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 240001-241000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2005
Centura de asteroizi

240757 Farkasberci


Mark Hilton may refer to:

Mark K. Hilton (born 1966), North Carolina politician
Mark Hilton (Australian footballer) (born 1979), played for North Melbourne
Mark Hilton (English footballer) (born 1968), English football midfielder
Mark Hilton (rugby league) (born 1975), English rugby league footballer
Mark Hilton (tennis) (born 1981), British tennis player

See also
Mark Hylton (disambiguation)
Marcus Hilton, dancer

Mark Hilton


Sergio Azurdia (Huehuetenango, 17 de julio de 1989) es un futbolista Guatemalteco, que actualmente juega como defensa en el club Deportivo Coatepeque .

Trayectoria
Azurdia es un defensa lateral que se dio a conocer en el Deportivo Xinabajul del departamento de Huehuetenango en el cual demuestra su talento futbolístico. En 2011 ficha con el Club Xelajú Mario Camposeco, pero se pierde todo el torneo por una lesión.

Clubes

Nacidos en Huehuetenango
Futbolistas de Guatemala
Futbolistas del Club Social y Deportivo Xinabajul
Futbolistas del Xelajú Mario Camposeco
Futbolistas del Deportivo Coatepeque

Sergio Azurdia


Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi (MDP), Türk siyasi partisidir.

Tarihçe
12 Eylül Darbesi'nden sonra, 25 Nisan 1983'te siyasal partilerin yeniden kurulmasına izin verilmesi üzerine 16 Mayıs 1983'te emekli orgeneral Turgut Sunalp ve 40 arkadaşı tarafından kurulmuş, genel başkanlığa da Sunalp getirilmiştir.

MDP, kuruluşundan hemen sonra 12 Eylül Darbesi'nin siyasal çizgisinin savunucusu olduğunu açıkladı. 6 Kasım 1983 seçimlerinde oyların % 23,27'sini aldı; 5'i listesindeki bağımsızlardan olmak üzere 71 milletvekilliği elde ederek üçüncü parti oldu. 25 Mart 1984'teki yerel seçimlerde de oyların % 7,09'unu elde ederek sadece Adıyaman ve Niğde olmak üzere iki il merkezinde belediye başkanlığı seçimini kazandı. Ağrı'da kazanmasına karşın ANAP adayıyla eşit sayıda oy aldığı için seçim tekrarlandı, tekrarlanan seçimi ANAP kazandı.

MDP'nin seçimlerdeki başarısızlığı, parti yönetimine karşı yoğun bir muhalefetin doğmasına yol açtı. 13 Temmuz 1985'te yapılan birinci olağan kongrede Turgut Sunalp'ın yerine parti genel başkanlığına Ülkü Söylemezoğlu seçildi. Ağustos 1985'te birleşme için DYP ile müzakerelere başlayan MDP, genel başkanların prensipte anlaşmalarına karşın her iki partinin de birleşmenin kendi tabanlarında olmasını istemeleri sebebiyle DYP ile birleşemedi. Yönetim değişikliğinin partinin anketlerdeki oylarını artırmaması üzerine 4 Mayıs 1986'da yapılan olağanüstü kongrede 55 ret oyuna karşılık 354 kabul oyuyla partinin feshedilmesi kararlaştırıldı. Fesihle birlikte bağımsız kalan MDP milletvekillerinden 22'si, 9 Mayıs 1986'da kurulan Hür Demokrat Parti'ye (HDP) kurucu olarak katıldı. Eski MDP'li diğer milletvekilleri ise Doğru Yol Partisi ve Anavatan Partisi'ne katıldı. Eski genel başkan Turgut Sunalp ve birkaç milletvekili ise bağımsız kaldı.

Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi ve seçimler

Genel seçimler

Yerel seçimler

Kaynakça

1983'te kurulan siyasi partiler
1986'da kapatılan siyasi partiler

Türkiye'deki eski siyasi partiler

Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi


Bedil, Eskişehir ilinin Günyüzü ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Bedil, 16. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Maraş bölgesinde yaşayan Oğuz-Türkmen İmanlı Avşarının en önemli koludur. Bedil Avşarından bazı bölükler diğer bazı Avşar obalarıyla birleşerek Yeni-İl'deki Avşar topluluğunu meydana getirmişti. 1690 yılındaki Avusturya Seferine katılan İfraz-ı Dulkadır Türkmenlerinden Bedil Oğlu Hasan Bey, bu obadan idi. Yeni-İl'deki bu Bedil obasının bazı önemli kolları bulunduğu yeri terk ederek Ankara'nın Balâ ilçesinde yerleşmiştir. Burada Mugan Gölü yakınındaki bir yer bu obanın adını taşır. Bir kısmı ise Eskişehir'e doğru gitmiş ve yine bazı kısımları Batı Karadeniz civarına göç etmiştir. Bedil mahallesi, adını bu obadan almıştır..

Coğrafya
Eskişehir iline 145 km, Günyüzü ilçesine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNET

Günyüzü'nün mahalleleri

Bedil, Günyüzü


Gerardo Miranda Concepción (Nouakchott, 16 de novembro de 1956), conhecido apenas como Gerardo, é um ex-futebolista hispano-mauritano que atuou como lateral-direito.

Carreira
Em sua carreira de 14 anos como profissional, Gerardo jogou em apenas 2 clubes, o Las Palmas e o Barcelona. Pelo clube das Canárias, disputou 172 jogos e marcou 11 gols em 2 passagens, conquistando o vice-campeonato da Copa del Rey de 1977–78. Foi como jogador do Barcelona que o lateral-direito conquistou seus títulos como profissional, tendo vencido 2 edições de La Liga, 2 Copas del Rey, uma Recopa Europeia, uma Supercopa da Espanha e 2 Copas da Liga. Aposentou-se dos gramados com o rebaixamento do Las Palmas para a Segunda Divisão Espanhola, em 1990.

Carreira internacional
Filho de espanhóis, Gerardo optou em defender a seleção Sub-21 em 1979, tendo atuado em 2 partidas.

Pela equipe principal da Fúria, estreou num amistoso contra Portugal, em junho de 1981, tornando-se o terceiro jogador africano a vestir a camisa da seleção espanhola. Não convocado para a Copa de 1982 nem para a Eurocopa de 1984., faria seu último jogo em setembro de 1985, contra a Islândia

Títulos
 Barcelona
 Recopa Europeia: 1981–82
 Copa del Rey: 1982–83, 1987–88
 La Liga: 1984–85
 Supercopa da Espanha: 1983
 Copa da Liga Espanhola: 1983, 1986

Ligações externas
 Perfil de Gerardo Miranda - OGol.com.br

Futebolistas da Espanha
Futebolistas da Unión Deportiva Las Palmas
Futebolistas do Futbol Club Barcelona
Jogadores da Seleção Espanhola de Futebol

Gerardo Miranda


Rydcar er en dansk gadekunstner, hvis identitet er ukendt. De fleste af hans værker befinder sig i Københavnsområdet, men der kan dog findes enkelte værker i flere andre større danske byer. Stilmæssigt har Rydcar formået at bevæge graffiti ganske tæt på litteratur igennem sine rå men dog beskrivende digte og ordlege.

Tematikker
I Rydcars digte og ordspil er der flere generelle temaer, som går igen, herunder kærlighed, politik, filosofi og generelle overvejelser ift. samfundsstrukturen. Ofte behandles temaerne på en inddragende men dog lidt naiv måde, der får beskueren til at se de før nævnte tematikker fra en udeståendes perspektiv.

Inspireret af
Af inspirationskilder bør nævnes:

 Huskmitnavn
 Michael Strunge
 Banksy
 Per Højholt

Kilder
 Guide: Bliv ekspert i gadekunst politiken.dk 1.april 2010
 Hærværket er blevet funklende stuerent politiken.dk 13. okt. 2009
 Korsemann Horne, Lasse: Dansk gadekunst - 55 artikler om dansk gadekunst. 2. udg. Lindhardt og Ringhof, 2014. (Bog)

Street art

Rydcar


Bakteri yaprak lekesi, Pseudomonas syringae türünün neden olduğu bitki hastalığı.

İlk önce yaprak kenarlarında ve yaprak ayasında düzensiz şekilde ve büyüklükte kahverengi-siyah lekeler oluşur. Lekeler üzerinde ölü dokunun ortasında çatlaklar meydana gelir. Kurak ve sıcak şartlarda lekeler giderek büyür.

Uzun süren nemli ve serin iklim koşulları enfeksiyonu teşvik eder.
Hastalık etmeni doğal gözeneklerden veya yaralardan (dolu, böcek)
yaprak dokusuna girer.

Bitki hastalıkları

Bakteri yaprak lekesi


භෛරව හිස යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ නේපාලයේ මල්ල යුගයට අයත් යැයි විශ්වාස කෙරෙන වෙස්මුහුණකි. නේපාලයේ කත්මණ්ඩු මිටියා‍වතෙන් හමුවූ මෙය ක්‍රි.ව. 16වන සියවසේ දී නිර්මාණය වන්නට ඇතැයි සැලකේ. මෙම වෙස්මුහුණ නිර්මාණය කොට ඇත්තේ රන් ආලේපිත තඹ මාධ්‍යයෙනි. එය අලංකාර කිරීමට ස්ඵටික පාෂාණ සහ වර්ණ ද භාවිතා කොට ඇත. භෛරව () යනු හින්දු ආගමේ එන ශිව දෙවියන්ගේ භයංකාර ස්වරූපයකි. හින්දු පුරාණෝක්තිවේදය තුළ භෛරව යනු විනාශයේ ප්‍රතිමූර්තියක් ලෙස සැලකේ. හින්දු ආගම හැරුණු විට භෛරව සංකල්පය බුද්ධාගම සහ ජෛන ආගම තුළ ද දක්නට ලැබේ. භෛරව ප්‍රතිමා නිරූපණයේ දී සර්පයකු සහ හිස්කබලක් සහිත දඟර ගැසුණු කිරුළක් සහිතව නිරූපණය කෙරේ. එමගින්රෞද්‍රභාවය සහ බිහිසුණුභාවය සංකේතවත් කෙරේ.

විස්තරය
මුහුණු නවයකින් යුක්ත භෛරව කළු පැහැයෙන් යුක්තව නිර්වස්ත්‍ර ස්වරූපයෙන් නිරූපණය කෙරේ. එසේම අත් තිස් හතරක් ද ඔහුට ඇත. භෛරව යන්නෙහි සාහත්‍යමය අර්ථය වනුයේ භයංකාර නැතහොත් රෞද්‍ර යන්නයි. සාහිත්‍යමය අර්ථය සේම ප්‍රතිමා තුළ ද ඔහු භයංකාර ස්වරූපයෙන් යුත් හින්දු දෙවියකු ලෙස නිරූපණය කෙරේ. පුරාවෘත්ත අනුව භෛරව යනු ශිව දෙවියන්ගේ රෞද්‍ර ස්වරූපයකි. ජනප්‍රවාදයන්හි සඳහන් වන ආකාරයට භෛරවගේ සම්භවය සිදුවූයේ විෂ්ණු සහ බ්‍රහ්ම යන දෙවිවරුන් අතර ඇතිවූ අරගලයක් නිසා බැව් පැවසේ. එම පුරාවෘත්තයෙන් කියැවෙන්නේ මෙසේ ය: දිනක් විශ්වයේ බලවත්ම දෙවියා කවුරුන්ද යන්න සම්බන්ධයෙන් බ්‍රහ්ම සහ විෂ්ණු අතර ආරවුලක් ඇති විය. බ්‍රහ්ම පවසන්නට වූයේ තමන් විශ්වයේ නිර්මාතෘවරයා බැවින් ඉහළම ගෞරවය තමන්ට හිමි විය යුතු බවයි. අනතුරුව කෝපයට පත් මහාදේව (ශිව) සිය ඇඟිල්ලෙහි වූ කුඩා නියපොතු කැබැල්ලක් විසි කළ අතර, එය "කාල භෛරව" නම් ස්වරූපය අත් කරගත්තේ ය. අනතුරුව ඔහු බ්‍රහ්මගේ පස්වැනි ශීර්ෂය කපා දැමී ය. අනතුරුව බ්‍රහ්මට ඉතිරිවූයේ හිස් හතරකි. බ්‍රහ්මගේ මාන්නය සිඳීගිය අතර, බ්‍රහ්මගේ හිස්කබල (බ්‍රහ්ම කපාලය) කාල භෛරවගේ අතෙහි දරා සිටිනු දක්නට ලැබේ.

නේපාලයේ නෙවාර් ජනයා භෛරව වැදගත් දෙවියකු ලෙස සලකා අදහති. නේවාර්වරුන්ගේ සම්ප්‍රදායික ජනාවාස සෑම එකකම පාහේ භෛරව වෙනුවෙන් කැපකළ දේවාල එකක් හෝ දක්නට ලැබිණි. නේපාලයේ බොහෝ භෛරව දේවාල පවත්වාගෙන යනු ලබන්නේ නෙවාර් පූජකයන් විසිනි. හින්දූන් විශ්වාස කරන්නේ භෛරව ඉදිරියේ අසත්‍ය පැවසීම දේව උදහසට හේතුවක් බවයි. අතීත‍යේ නේපාලයේ අධිකරණය ලෙස භාවිතයට ගැනුණේ ද කත්මණ්ඩුහි පැවති මෙම දේවාලයකි. භෛරව සංකේතවත් කෙරෙන 16වන සියවසට අයත් මෙම වෙස්මුහුණක ආකාරයේ හිස නේපාලයේ මල්ල යුගයේ දී කත්මණ්ඩු මිටියාවතේ නිර්මාණය වූවකි. 2012දී මෙම ප්‍රතිමා හිස නිව් යෝක්හි මෙට්‍රොපොලිටන් කලා කෞතුකාගාරය වෙත ප්‍රදානය කරනු ලැබූයේ සිමර්මාන් පවුල විසිනි. ප්‍රතිමාවේ කර්ණාභරණ දඟර ගැසුණු සර්පයකුගේ ස්වරූපයෙන් නිර්මාණය කොට තිබේ. මෙම වෙස්මුහුණ ක්‍රි.ව. 1560ට දින නිර්ණිත අභිලේඛනයක් දරන වෙනත් කෞතුක වස්තුවක් සමග සැස‍ඳෙන බැවින් මෙය ක්‍රි.ව. 16වන සියවසේ දී නිර්මාණය වන්නට ඇතැයි නිගමනය කොට ඇත.

මේවාත් බලන්න
 භෛරව

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි
 15වන සහ 17වන සියවසේ හිමාලයානු ප්‍රදේශයේ කලාව - මෙට්‍රොපොලිටන් කලා කෞතුකාගාරය

නේපාලයේ සංස්කෘතිය
හින්දු ආගම
නේපාලයේ ඉතිහාසය

භෛරව හිස


Marin Piuković, (Subotica, 30. siječnja 1996.), predsjednik je mladeži DSHV-a. Diplomirani ekonomist. Visoki dužnosnik hrvatske manjine u Srbiji, iz Subotice. Predsjednik je Povjerenstva za mladež Hrvatskoga nacionalnog vijeća Republike Srbije od ožujka 2019. godine.

Izvori

Životopisi, Subotica
Vojvođanski Hrvati

Marin Piuković


is Japan's largest yakuza organization. It is named after its founder Harukichi Yamaguchi. Its origins can be traced back to a loose labor union for dockworkers in Kobe before World War II.

It is one of the largest criminal organizations in the world. According to the National Police Agency, it had 3,800 active members at the end of 2022.

The Yamaguchi-gumi are among the world's wealthiest gangsters, bringing in billions of dollars a year from extortion, gambling, the sex industry, arms trafficking, drug trafficking, real estate and construction kickback schemes. They are also involved in stock market manipulation and Internet pornography.

The Yamaguchi-gumi has its headquarters in Kobe, but it operates all across Japan and has overseas operations. Its current kumichō (Boss), Shinobu Tsukasa, has declared an expansionist policy—even making inroads into Tokyo, traditionally not Yamaguchi turf. They also have multiple groups working overseas.

History

Relief support after disasters
Immediately after the Kobe earthquake of 1995, the Yamaguchi-gumi started a large-scale relief effort for the earthquake victims, helping with the distribution of food and supplies. This help was essential to the Kobe population, because official support was inconsistent and chaotic for several days.

The Yamaguchi-gumi also provided relief in the wake of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami by opening its offices to the public and by sending supplies to affected areas.

Newsletter
In an effort to boost morale, the Yamaguchi-gumi launched an eight-page newsletter in July, 2013. However, it was only distributed to full members. The publication bridges communication gaps and includes articles on the group's opinion and traditions, as well as columns on angling, with an editorial section written by Kenichi Shinoda.

Assassination of Iccho Itoh

On April 17, 2007, Tetsuya Shiroo, a senior ranking member of the Suishin-kai (an affiliated Yakuza family to the Yamaguchi-gumi), assassinated Iccho Itoh, the mayor of Nagasaki, over an apparent dispute over damage done to Shiroo's car at a public works construction site. On May 26, 2008, Tetsuya Shiroo was sentenced to death. However, the Fukuoka High Court revoked the death sentence and sentenced him to life imprisonment on September 29, 2009.

Decline in membership
Yakuza membership has been steadily declining since the 1990s. According to the National Police Agency, the total number of registered gangsters fell 14% between 1991 and 2012, to 78,600. Of those, 34,900 were Yamaguchi-gumi members, a decline of 4% from 2010. Its membership had further declined by 2013, with an estimated 28,000 members, and dropped again to 23,400 members in 2014.

Split in 2015
On August 27, 2015, Japanese police confirmed that powerful factions, including the Kobe-based Yamaken-gumi, the Osaka-based Takumi-gumi, and the Kyoyu-kai, broke away from the Yamaguchi-gumi and formed a new group called the Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi. Prior to the split, the organization consisted of seventy-two factions. This was the first major split since the forming of Ichiwa-Kai more than thirty years ago.

Activities
On January 14, 2021, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department arrested Hiroki Sakata, a member of the Yamaguchi-gumi, in connection with a scam in 2018 where the damage was worth 60 million yen ($475,059 US dollars in 2022).

Leadership
1st kumichō (1915–1925): Harukichi Yamaguchi
2nd kumichō (1925–1942): Noboru Yamaguchi, son of Harukichi Yamaguchi
3rd kumichō (1946–1981): Kazuo Taoka

When Taoka inherited the title of kumichō, it was merely a local family with only a few dozen members. It was Taoka who made Yamaguchi-gumi Japan's largest criminal organization. He urged his underlings to have legitimate businesses and allowed them to have their own families, which became quasi– subsidiary families of Yamaguchi-gumi. He also created a structural system in the family. Wakagashira were elected as underbosses to the kumichō and some powerful members were elected as wakagashira-hosa (deputy underbosses)

4th kumichō (1984–1985): Masahisa Takenaka

After the death of Taoka, the heir apparent, wakagashira Kenichi Yamamoto (kumichō of the Yamaken-gumi), was serving a prison sentence. He died of liver failure shortly afterward. Taoka's wife, Fumiko Taoka, stepped forward to fill the leadership void until a new kumichō could be selected by a council of eight top-level bosses. In 1984, the elders chose Masahisa Takenaka (kumichō of the Takenaka-gumi) to be the fourth kumichō of Yamaguchi-gumi. One of the other contenders, Hiroshi Yamamoto (kumichō of the Yamahiro-gumi), broke away from Yamaguchi-gumi with many of its powerful members and more than 3,000 of its soldiers to form the Ichiwa-kai. A bitter rivalry existed between the two groups, which led to an all-out war (the Yama-Ichi War) after the Ichiwa-kai's 1985 assassination of Takenaka and wakahashira Katsumasa Nakayama. During the war, acting-kumichō Kazuo Nakanishi (kumichō of the Nakanishi-gumi) and wakagashira Yoshinori Watanabe (kumichō of the Yamaken-gumi) briefly took the leadership role until 1989

5th kumichō (1989–2005): Yoshinori Watanabe
The Yama-Ichi War ended with the retirement of Hiroshi Yamamoto, which was arbitrated by one of the most respected bosses, Seijo Inagawa. After that, the clan elected wakagashira Yoshinori Watanabe as 5th kumichō of the organization. Masaru Takumi (kumichō of Takumi-gumi) was elected as wakagashira. He was so powerful and respected within the organization that his influence overshadowed that of kumichō to some extent

6th kumichō (2005–present): Shinobu Tsukasa (real name: Kenichi Shinoda)

In 1997, then-powerful wakagashira Masaru Takumi was assassinated by underlings of then-wakagashira-hosa (deputy underboss) Taro Nakano. After this assassination, they were unable to choose a new wakagashira for more than eight years. As a result, leadership of the organization became weaker. Finally, in 2005, wakagashira-hosa Shinobu Tsukasa (then kumichō of the Hirota-gumi) was chosen as new wakagashira and shortly afterward, in August 2005, Tsukasa inherited the position of the 6th kumichō of the Yamaguchi-gumi

Watanabe retired to private life—rather uncommon in yakuza circles, as bosses usually do not retire until their deaths. Under Tsukasa's leadership, the 6th Yamaguchi-gumi has resumed expansion. Kiyoshi Takayama, kumichō of the Kodo-kai, was elected as wakagashira. They absorbed the Tokyo-based gang Kokusui-kai, acquiring lucrative turf in the capital. Tsukasa was imprisoned in December 2005 for illegal gun possession, and was released in April 2011 after serving nearly six years in jail

Sanctions

In February 2012 the U.S. Treasury Department announced a freeze on American-owned assets controlled by the organization and its top two leaders. The Obama administration imposed sanctions on the Yamaguchi-gumi as one of four key transnational organized crime groups, along with the Brothers' Circle from Russia, the Camorra from Italy, and Los Zetas from Mexico.

In popular culture
 The main antagonist of the 1991 martial arts film The Godfather's Daughter Mafia Blues, Kuyama (played by Ken Lo), is the current kumichō (or boss) of the Yamaguchi-gumi after the death of his father Tetsuya, who was the previous head of the syndicate. Unlike his father (who was known as a pacifist), Kuyama is an arrogant, greedy and reckless leader
 In Marvel's Earth-616, the Yamaguchi-gumi are notorious for being enemies of the Shogun Warriors and the X-Men's Wolverine. The Yamaguchi-gumi had two known oyabuns in Earth-616: Maikeru Mishu (who was responsible for trying to steal and control the Shogun Warriors) and Shinji Kizaki (who became Wolverine's enemy after he defeated one of Kizaki's mercenaries and even insulted him before leaving Japan)
 The Yamaguchi-gumi are one of the main antagonists of Hitman 2: Silent Assassin. In the game, the Yamaguchi-gumi is led by Masahiro Hayamoto and his son Masahiro Hayamoto Jr., and both are priority targets for Agent 47
 In Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Take-Down – Missions in Korea, the Yamaguchi-gumi is involved in a bloody gang war with the Ikeshita-gumi (another powerful Yakuza syndicate that owns territories in both Japan and South Korea and which are the main antagonists of the game)

References

Organizations established in 1915
1915 establishments in Japan

Yakuza groups
Transnational organized crime
Organized crime groups in the United States
Gangs in Hawaii
Gangs in South Korea

Yamaguchi-gumi


An Monodia stipoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs. An Monodia stipoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Monodia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Monodia

Monodia stipoides


The A361 is an A class road in southern England, which at  is the longest three-digit A road in the UK.

History
When first designated in 1922, the A361 ran from Taunton (Somerset) to Banbury (Oxfordshire). It was later extended west through Bampton to South Molton (Devon), on the route of the former A398, and from South Molton to Barnstaple and Ilfracombe, previously part of the route of the A373.  In 1988, when the North Devon Link Road was opened, the A361 was switched to its present route.  The old route from Taunton through Bampton to South Molton was downgraded to become the B3227. In the 1970s the route was extended north from Banbury to Daventry (Northamptonshire), providing a link to the M1 motorway near Crick.

Route

Devon

The road starts in Ilfracombe as part of the town's High Street, and is mostly single carriageway. The road passes through the villages of Knowle and Braunton, before becoming dual carriageway standard at Ashford, which continues for the short distance to Barnstaple. From there it passes the town's railway station then merges with the A39 for a short while before splitting back off near Portmore Golf Park. The section from Barnstaple to the M5 near Tiverton has been designated the North Devon Link Road, and enables relatively fast access to the Atlantic Highway, relieving pressure on the northern section of the A39 and A358. This section is a modern, wide single carriageway trunk road (which was de-trunked in 2002), apart from the  stretch between Tiverton and the M5, which is dual carriageway. Tiverton Parkway railway station is situated close to the junction with the motorway in order to give easy rail connections for people driving from north Devon. Some sections of road are on the alignment of the Devon and Somerset Railway, including the Castle Hill Viaduct over the River Bray, where the stone pillars formerly used to support a lattice girder railway bridge now support the road.

Somerset and south Wiltshire
The road merges with the A38 from Junction 27 of the M5 until Taunton. The rest of the road, from there to Swindon, is largely county-road class. It crosses the Somerset Levels separating Curry Moor from North Moor and Salt Moor, where in flood conditions such as the winter of 2012/2013 the Athelney spillway runs across the road if the drain level at Curry Moor pumping station exceeds 7.1m, making the road impassable. Next, it passes by the towns of Street and Glastonbury and briefly merges with the A39 again. From there it continues northeast near Cranmore (the home of the East Somerset Railway) and originally passed through Frome, which it now bypasses to the east. It briefly merges with the A36 then passes through villages at Rode and into Wiltshire at Southwick. Here it is signposted alternatively via Trowbridge or through North Bradley and Yarnbrook (which could have been reached if the Frome bypass had continued to follow the railway) to merge with the A350 before diverging towards Devizes.

A4361
From its junction with the A4 at Beckhampton, northwards through Avebury, the A361 has been renumbered the A4361 as it heads for Swindon town centre via Wroughton. It emerges near Stratton St Margaret, becoming the A361 again at the junction with the A419 which passes northeast of Swindon.

North Wiltshire and Gloucestershire
This road links Highworth to Lechlade and has no pavement for the entire length apart from a small section in Inglesham.  It carries traffic at high speeds.

The Thames Path National Trail follows the verge for a little over one mile between Upper Inglesham and Inglesham. On entering Lechlade, the road crosses the Grade II listed Halfpenny Bridge, which marks the navigable limit of the River Thames for powered craft. Lines painted onto the panels on the bridge parapets indicate the border between the ceremonial counties of Wiltshire (to the south) and Gloucestershire (to the north).

Oxfordshire
The road crosses into Oxfordshire a few miles north of Lechlade and heads towards Burford and Chipping Norton passing many Oxfordshire villages on its way. It is also the boundary for the Cotswolds AONB at Lechlade. It then enters Banbury from the southwest as an arterial road passing the Banbury Cross, and heading north, the A361 multiplexes on the Southam Road roundabout of the A422. For about two miles the route is signed as A422, the dual carriageway Hennef Way until Junction 11 of the M40.

Northamptonshire
From there it heads northeast through the villages of Wardington, Chipping Warden, Byfield, Charwelton, and Badby. A relief road for Chipping Warden was constructed in 2021, in conjunction with neighbouring works for HS2. Sections of land were purchased in the 1970s after the road was upgraded from the B4038 to the A361 to straighten out some of the sharper corners but the vast majority of these works were never done. The road then multiplexes once more, this time with the A45 just outside Daventry. Once the A45 leaves Daventry for Coventry, the remaining section of single carriageway ring road is signed as A361, before it once again turns north to Kilsby to terminate on the A5 at its northern end.

Points of interest

References

External links

 From Watford Gap to Camelot – a travelog following a section of the A361

Roads in England
Roads in Devon
Transport in Northamptonshire
Roads in Oxfordshire
Roads in Somerset
Roads in Warwickshire
Roads in Wiltshire

A361 road


Gutnish ( ), or rarely Gutnic ( or ), is the original language spoken on parts of the islands of Gotland and Fårö. The different dialects of Gutnish, while stemming from the Old Gutnish () variety of Old Norse, are sometimes considered part of modern Swedish. Gutnish exists in two variants, Mainland Gutnish (Storlandsgutamål or Storlandsmål), mostly spoken in the southern and southeastern portion of Gotland, where the dialect of Lau became the standard form on the Main Island (Lau Gutnish → Laumål), and Fårö Gutnish (Gutnish: Faroymal; ), spoken on the island of Fårö. UNESCO defines Gutnish as a "definitely endangered language" as of 2010.

Some features of Gutnish include the preservation of Old Norse diphthongs like ai in for instance  (; English: stone) and oy in for example  (; English: die). There is also a triphthong that exists in no other Norse languages: iau as in / (; English: shoot).

Many Gotlanders do not understand Gutnish, and speak Gotlandic (), a Gutnish-influenced Swedish dialect.

There are major efforts to revive the traditional version of Modern Gutnish and , the Gutnish Language Guild, organizes classes and meetings for speakers of traditional Gutnish. According to the guild's webpage, there are now 1,500 people using Gutnish on Facebook.

Phonology

Vowels
The contrastive vowels in Modern Gutnish are /ɪ/, /ʏ/, /e/, /œ/, /a/, /ɔ/, /u/.
Of these, all but /u/ have a short and a long version. What is etymologically a long /uː/ has been broken into the sequence [ʉu].

A distinctive feature of Gutnish is the existence of a large number of sequences of vowel plus [ɪ] or [u] which form vocalic phonemes of their own. These
sequences are the following: /eɪ/, /ɛɪ/, /œʏ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ʉu/, /eu/, /au/, /ɔu/.

Some of these sequences alternate with short vowels between different morphological forms of the same lexeme, cf. such pairs as "veit" /vɛɪt̪ʰ/ 'white' (f.) ~ /vɪt̪ʰ:/ 'white' (n).

 /e, eː/, when preceding other vowels, /r/, or post-alveolar sounds, have a tendency to be more open [æ, æː].
 In Fårö Gutnish, /a, aː/ are further backed [ɑ, ɑː].
 /ɔ, ɔː/ may be realized as more close [o, oː] when preceding a sonorant.
 /u/ may be [ʊ] when unstressed.

Consonants

 Voiceless stops /p, t̪, k/ may be aspirated [pʰ, t̪ʰ, kʰ].

Lexicon
Gutnish has many words of its own that make it different from Swedish. The following is a small selection of Gutnish's everyday vocabulary:

Status
Gutnish is now under pressured influence of the Swedish standard language, both through speaker contact and through media and (perhaps most importantly) written language. As a result, Gutnish has become much closer to the Swedish standard language. Due to the island's Danish and Hanseatic period there were also influences from Danish and Low German. There are also many Gotlanders who do not learn the language, but speak a regionally colored variant of the standard Swedish (Gotlandic). This is characterized mainly by its intonation, but also by diphthongs and triphthongs, some lexical peculiarities as well as the infinitive ending -ä.

The Gutamålsgillet association, which has been working for the preservation and revitalization of Gutnish since 1945, estimates that Gutnish is spoken today by 2,000 to 5,000 people. How many are still passive, is not specified. However, an interest in Gutnish seems to be present: From 1989 to 2011, the radio show Gutamål ran in Radio Gotland, which regularly reached about 15,000 to 20,000 listeners, and in 2008 Gotland University offered their first course in Gutnish. Gutamålsgillet collects writings of authors and poets who write their texts in Gutnish, and maintains a Swedish-Gutnish dictionary and an ever-growing list of Gotlandic neologisms.

In 2022, a citizen of the island of Gotland asked to use her surname with the Gutnish ending -dotri (instead of Swedish -dotter). The authority appealed against the positive decision of the administrative court in Stockholm, but in the end, the Court of Appeal ruled that she was allowed to use a Gutnish surname.

Examples

Notes

References

External links
 Official site of the Modern Gutnish Guild

Gotland
North Germanic languages
Endangered Germanic languages
Languages of Sweden
Scandinavian culture
Germanic languages

Gutnish


Sergueï Alexandrovitch Kissel (en ), né le  à Kyzylorda, est un officier de l'Armée de terre russe, commandant de la  de chars de la Garde depuis avril 2018, lieutenant-général depuis 2020.

Biographie
Sergueï Kissel est diplômé de l'École supérieure de commandement des chars de Tachkent en 1993, de l'Académie des Forces armées de la fédération de Russie en 2002 et de l'académie d'état-major des Forces armées de la fédération de Russie en 2016.

Il passe de commandant d'un peloton de chars au rang de commandant de la  de fusiliers motorisés (2010-2014). De 2016 à 2018, il est chef d'état-major et premier commandant adjoint de la  de la Garde.

Il est promu major-général en juin 2013.

En avril 2018, il est nommé commandant de la  de chars de la Garde.

Par décret du président de la Russie en date du , il reçoit le grade militaire de lieutenant-général.

Le , le ministère de la Défense britannique annonce qu'il a été suspendu pour son incapacité à capturer Kharkiv durant ses dernières semaines.

Remarques

Bibliographie
 Nominations dans les forces armées. Kissel Sergueï Alexandrovitch. // Revue militaire russe. - 2018. . - P.73.

Étudiant de l'Académie militaire de l'État-major général des forces armées de l'Union soviétique
Naissance à Kyzylorda
Naissance en mars 1971
Lieutenant-général russe
Militaire russe de la guerre russo-ukrainienne

Sergueï Kissel


نادي لوزيناك  نادي كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب في دوري الدرجة الوطنية . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1936 .

مراجع

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1936
تأسيسات سنة 1936 في فرنسا

نادي لوزيناك


Kheira Hamraoui (født 13. januar 1990) er en fransk fodboldspiller, der spiller for for Primera División klubben FC Barcelona og Frankrigs landshold. Hun spiller midtbane.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Frankrig
Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Frankrig
Fodboldspillere fra Olympique Lyon

Kheira Hamraoui


محمود المعايطة (1933-)

ولادته ونشأته
هو محمود موسى ساهر المعايطة، ولد في قرية بتير في مدينة الكرك جنوب [[عمان (مدينة)عمان] (إمارة شرق الأردن آنذاك) في عام 1933. توفي والده مبكرا فنشأ محمود مع أخيه الأكبر محمد. جده هو ساهر المعايطة، أحد قادة ثورة الهية التي انتفض فيها  جنوب الأردن بقيادة المعايطة والمجالية ضد العسكر العثمانيين، وبعد فشل الثورة اقتيد ساهر مع ٥ من شيوخ الكرك إلى مدينة دمشق حيث نفذ فيهم حكم الإعدام.

تلقى محمود دروسه الابتدائية في مدارس الكرك، ثم تابع تعليمه في السلط وتخرج منها عام 1943. شارك عام 1941، قبل تخرجه، في المظاهرات دعما لثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني في العراق بتشجيع من أساتذته في المدرسة.

العمل العسكري
بعد التحاقه بالقوات المسلحة الأردنية (الجيش العربي الأردني آنذاك)، إنضم المعايطة إلى حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي عام 1947 إيماناً منه بمبادئ وطروحات الحزب، وكان إذاك مرشحاً في الجيش في سرية الأمن الثانية في القدس. شارك مع قاسم الناصر وراضي العبد الله في تدريب عناصر حركة الجهاد المقدس التي أسسها الشهيد عبد القادر الحسيني والتي أظهرت فيما بعد مواقف بطولية مشرفة.

في عام 1948 أصدر محمود المعايطة الأوامر لجنوده بإطلاق النار على اليهود المتواجدين في مدرسة اليهود في القدس القديمة لإسكات العيارات النارية العديدة التي تسببت في مقتل امرأة فلسطينية حامل تسير قرب بيتها، ورد الجنود على إطلاق النار ثائرين على قتل المرأة الفلسطينية فقتل منهم 21 يهودياً. وعلى إثر هذه الحادثة، شكلت هيئة تحقيق برئاسة الزعيم برود هيرست قائد كتيبة المدفعية، وتم نقله إلى سلاح المدفعية في عمان، حيث استلم قائد فئة أولى في البطارية الثانية.

حركة الضباط الأحرار
جاءت فكرة تأسيس حركة الضباط الأحرار الأردنيين نتيجة للأحداث والنتائج التي أصابت جماهير الشعب العربي على أثر نكبة 1948 والتي اعطت دروسا عميقة منها غياب التخطيط المدروس على اسس علمية، وان وحدة الهدف الوطني والقومي ضرورة لتلائم النضالين من أجل الوحدة الوطنية والتكامل القومي.

من هنا إنبثق تصور بناء تنظيم سري من ضباط الجيش باسم حركة الضباط الأحرار على أن يكون ضباط حزب البعث العربي هم العمود الفقري للتنظيم، وأن يشمل كل ضابط قومي الاتجاه ويتقبل كل تبعات العمل مهما كانت الصعوبات وعلى استعداد تام للتضحية من أجل قضية الشعب. وعليه، فقد شكل الضباط المنتمين لحزب البعث، وهم: شاهر أبو شحوت، قاسم الناصر، تركي الهنداوي، بالإضافة للمعايطة نواة التنظيم العسكري للحركة. وقد عمل هذا التنظيم بتناغم واع مع الحركة الوطنية الأردنية على أسس ديمقراطية، وعلى أساس أن الأردن جزء من الوطن العربي والأمة العربية، يرتبط مصيره بمصير هذه الأمة وأن يكون فاعلاً ومشاركاً بمسيرة حركة التحرر العربي.، وأن كل ضابط يتم اختياره وجب التأكد من أن لديه الصفات الضرورية التي تؤهله للتنظيم.

أثمر هذا التنظيم من خلال تنفيذ عملية تعريب الجيش الأردني، وقد كان المعايطة من ضمن أعضاء الحركة الذين أصدر إليهم الملك الحسين بن طلال أوامره بنفيذ عملية التعريب. لكن بعد ذلك اعتقل المعايطة بسبب الوشاية والاتهام الكاذبيين بمحاولة حركة الضباط الأحرار قلب نظام الحكم. بقي المعايطة في معتقل الجفر لمدة تجاوزت السبع سنوات منذ عام 1957 برفقة: شاهر أبو شحوت، أحمد زعرور، تركي الهنداوي، ضافي الجمعاني، شوكت السبول، عبد الله قاعد وجعفر الشامي وغيرهم، أما الجزء الآخر من أعضاء التنظيم فقد خرجوا لاجئين إلى سوريا، ومنهم: علي أبو نوار، علي الحياري، قاسم الناصر، محمود الموسى،سعيد السبع ، عصام الجندي، كمال الحياري، وغيرهم، إلى أن صدر عفو عام شمل أعضاء التنظيم كافة.

المراجع
 جريدة الدستور الأردنية، بعيدا عن السياسة محمود المعايطه، 25 آب 2002 - تاريخ الولوج 14 أيار 2009
 أ.د. سعد أبو دية، آراء لم تنشر سابقاً لكلوب باشا في الضباط الأردنببن، جريدة الغد - تاريخ الولوج 14 أيار 2009.

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
القوات المسلحة الأردنية
الضباط الأحرار الأردنيون
تاريخ الأردن العسكري
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الوفاة
قادة عسكريون
قوميون عرب
مواليد 1933
مواليد في الكرك

محمود المعايطة


Il existe plusieurs routes ayant comme numéro 747 dans le monde.

 Route régionale 747 en Finlande
 Route nationale 747 en France

Route 747


Ji (筓) (ou fazan (髮簪 ou 发簪), zanzi (簪子) ou zan (簪) pour faire court) et chai (钗) sont des termes génériques pour désigner les épingles à cheveux en Chine. " Ji " (avec le même caractère de 笄) est également le terme utilisé pour les épingles à cheveux de la dynastie Qin.

Les épingles à cheveux sont un symbole important dans la culture chinoise et sont associées à de nombreuses traditions et coutumes culturelles chinoises. Elles étaient également utilisées comme ornements capillaires quotidiens dans la Chine ancienne ; toutes les femmes chinoises portaient une épingle à cheveux, quel que soit leur rang social. Les matériaux, le degré d'élaboration des ornements de l'épingle à cheveux et le dessin utilisé pour fabriquer les épingles à cheveux étaient des marqueurs du statut social du porteur. Les épingles à cheveux pouvaient être fabriquées à partir de divers matériaux, tels que le jade, l'or, l'argent, l'ivoire, le bronze, le bambou, le bois sculpté, l'écaille de tortue et l'os, ainsi que d'autres matériaux.

Avant l'établissement de la dynastie Qing, les hommes et les femmes enroulaient leurs cheveux en un chignon à l'aide d'un ji. Il existait de nombreuses variétés d'épingles à cheveux, dont beaucoup avaient leur propre nom pour désigner des styles spécifiques, comme zan, ji, chai, buyao et tiaoxin.

Culture

Enterrements
Pendant la , les femmes en deuil n'étaient pas autorisées à porter des épingles à cheveux.

Des épingles à cheveux pouvaient être placées dans les tombes de personnages importants. Par exemple, on retrouva dans celle de Fu Hao plus de 500 épingles à cheveux.

Cérémonie du ji li

Le ji a joué un rôle important dans le passage à l'âge adulte des femmes chinoises  de l'ethnie Han. Avant l'âge de 15 ans, les femmes n'utilisaient pas d'épingles à cheveux et arboraient des tresses. Lorsqu'une femme atteignait l'âge de 15 ans, elle cessait de porter des tresses, et une cérémonie de l'épingle à cheveux appelée "Ji Li" (笄礼), ou "initiation à l'épingle à cheveux", était organisée pour marquer le rite de passage. Pendant la cérémonie, les cheveux étaient enroulés en un chignon à l'aide d'une épingle à cheveux ji Après la cérémonie, la jeune femme avait le droit d'épouser.

L'épingle à cheveux comme gage d'amour
Lorsqu'elles étaient fiancées, les femmes chinoises retiraient leur épingle de leurs cheveux et la donnaient à leur fiancé. Après le mariage, le mari rendait l'épingle à cheveux à sa nouvelle épouse en la replaçant dans ses cheveux.

L'épingle à cheveux lors des réunions et séparations
L'épingle à cheveux chai était aussi une forme de gage d'amour ; lorsque les amoureux étaient obligés de se séparer, ils cassaient souvent une épingle à cheveux en deux, et chacun gardait la moitié de l'épingle jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient réunis.

De même, lorsque des couples mariés étaient séparés pendant une longue période, ils cassaient une épingle à cheveux en deux et en gardaient chacun une partie. S'ils se retrouvaient, ils remettaient alors l'épingle à cheveux ensemble, comme preuve de leur identité et comme symbole de leurs retrouvailles.

Dessin et construction

Matériaux

À l'origine, les Chinois appréciaient les épingles à cheveux en os et en jade. Les épingles à cheveux en jade sculpté sont apparues en Chine dès le Néolithique (vers 3000-1500 av. J.-C.), en même temps que la technologie de la sculpture du jade. Certaines épingles à cheveux chinoises anciennes, datant de la dynastie Shang, sont encore exposées dans certains musées.

À l'âge du bronze, les épingles à cheveux en or ont été introduites en Chine par les populations vivant aux frontières nord du pays. Certaines épingles à cheveux chinoises anciennes datant de 300 avant J.-C. étaient fabriquées en os, en corne, en bois et en métal.

L'art de la gravure sur bois est apparu pour la première fois sous la dynastie Tang, et cette nouvelle forme d'art a ensuite été appliquée aux grandes épingles à cheveux chinoises en bois. Beaucoup de ces épingles à cheveux en bois ont ensuite été recouvertes d'argent.

Sous la dynastie Ming, les épingles à cheveux sont devenues plus élaborées et les gravures ont été réalisées sur de l'argent, de l'ivoire et du jade, la perle étant souvent utilisée comme monture.

Décorations
Les épingles à cheveux pouvaient également être décorées de pierres précieuses, ainsi que de motifs de fleurs, de dragons et de phénix.

Types

Buyao
La buyao était une forme élaborée et exquise d'épingle à cheveux qui dénotait un statut de noble. Elle était généralement fabriquée en or et était souvent décorée de bijoux (tels que des perles et du jade) et de motifs sculptés (tels que la forme de dragons ou de phénix). Elle ressemblait à une zan, mais l'une de ses principales caractéristiques était sa forme pendante, qui lui valut son nom de buyao, à cause du bruit qu'elle faisait (litt. "secouer en marchant" ou "qui se balance à chaque pas" ou "secouer en marchant") La buyao est devenue populaire sous la dynastie Han.

Chai
Le chai est un type d'épingle à cheveux à épingles doubles ou multiples. Le chai à épingles doubles a évolué à partir du zan ; on le retrouve fréquemment dans la poésie et la littérature chinoises car il joue un rôle de symbole important et de gage d'amour.

Diancui
Les épingles à cheveux diancui ou tian-tsui, également connues sous le nom d'"épingles à cheveux en plumes de martin-pêcheur", ont été fabriquées selon l'art traditionnel chinois du diancui.

Le procédé est le suivant :

Épingles à cheveux à fleurs
La coiffe en épingle à cheveux à fleurs est un terme générique utilisé pour désigner les bijoux et les coiffes portés par les impératrices et les concubines impériales de la dynastie Song. La coiffe en épingle à cheveux à fleurs était décorée d'épingles à cheveux à fleurs. Le nombre de fleurs utilisées variait en fonction du rang des consorts impériaux et des règles impériales spécifiques étaient édictées concernant leur utilisation.

Épingle à cheveux phénix
L'épingle à cheveux phénix trouve son origine dans la dynastie Qin et avait une partie supérieure en or et en argent tandis que les pieds étaient en écaille de tortue ; elle a ensuite évolué en fenghuang sous la dynastie Song. Le fenghuan a ensuite continué à évoluer sous les dynasties Ming et Qing, puis dans la Chine actuelle. Sous la dynastie Han, un édit impérial a décrété que l'épingle à cheveux avec des décorations en fenghuang devait devenir la coiffe officielle de l'impératrice douairière et de la grand-mère impériale.

Jin chan yu yue
Connue sous le nom d'épingle à cheveux "cigale d'or sur une feuille de jade", ou jin zhi yu ye (homonyme de l'expression chinoise "de noble naissance"), cette épingle à cheveux de la dynastie Ming a la forme d'une cigale en or assise sur une pièce de jade sculptée en forme de feuille.

Tiaoxin
La tiaoxin est une épingle à cheveux chinoise portée par les femmes de la dynastie Ming dans leur chignon ; la partie supérieure de l'épingle à cheveux avait généralement la forme d'une statue bouddhiste, d'un immortel, d'un mot sanskrit ou d'un phénix. Le caractère chinois shou (寿, " longévité ") pouvait également être utilisé pour décorer l'épingle à cheveux.

Zan
Le zan est un type d'épingle à cheveux avec une seule broche. Le zan peut également se décliner en différents styles tels que :

Le style ji- : Un style d'épingle à cheveux zan qui fait probablement référence à l'épingle à cheveux utilisée pour fixer les cheveux dans un chignon.
Le style ruyi : Un style d'épingle à cheveux zan en forme de sceptre .
Le style tête de tigre
Le style dragon rond

Articles connexes
 Binyeo
 Kanzashi
 Épingle à cheveux en or de la tombe du roi Muryeong

Références

Liens externes

Costume traditionnel de Chine
Tradition en Asie de l'Est
Bijou pour la tête

Épingle à cheveux chinoise


Rafael Márquez (d. 13 Şubat 1979, Zamora), Meksikalı eski futbolcudur.

Profesyonel futbol hayatına 1996'da Atlas'ta başladı. 1999'da 6 Milyon € karşılığında Fransa'nın AS Monaco FC takımına transfer oldu. 4 yıl burada kalan Meksikalı stoper 2003'te İspanya'nın Barcelona takımına transfer oldu. Barcelona'da 7 yıl oynadı. Meksika millî takımının formasını 109 kez giymiştir. 2010 FIFA Dünya Kupası ve 2014 FIFA Dünya Kupası Meksika Kadrosu'nda yer almıştır. Oyuncu Toplamda 147 kez millî olmuş ve 17 gol kaydetmiştir.

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar

 Rafael Márquez Resmî sitesi
 FCBarcelona.cat - Resmî sitesi  /  /  /
 Rafael Márquez Maddesi
 Football Database profili ve istatistikleri
 ESPN Soccernet profili ve istatistikleri
 Rafael Marquez Tribute
 Official Free Kick Masters Websitesi

2001 Copa América futbolcuları
2003 CONCACAF Altın Kupa futbolcuları
Ligue 1 futbolcuları
AS Monaco FC futbolcuları
İspanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
La Liga futbolcuları
New York Red Bulls futbolcuları
1979 doğumlular
Meksikalı futbolcular
Meksika millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
1999 Copa América futbolcuları
1999 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
2000 CONCACAF Altın Kupa futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2004 Copa América futbolcuları
2005 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2007 Copa América futbolcuları
2007 CONCACAF Altın Kupa futbolcuları
2010 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2011 CONCACAF Altın Kupa futbolcuları
FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası kazanan futbolcular
FC Barcelona futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Defans futbolcuları
2014 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2015 Copa América futbolcuları
Copa América Centenario futbolcuları
Orta saha futbolcuları
CONCACAF Altın Kupa kazanan futbolcular
Atlas FC futbolcuları
León FC futbolcuları
İtalya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Monako'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki gurbetçi futbolcular
FIFA Century Club
Hellas Verona FC futbolcuları
Liga MX futbolcuları
Major League Soccer futbolcuları
Fransa'daki Meksikalı gurbetçiler
İspanya'daki Meksikalı gurbetçiler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Meksikalı gurbetçiler
Serie A futbolcuları
Monako'daki Meksikalı gurbetçiler
2017 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'ni kazanan futbolcular
2018 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları

Rafael Márquez


Ángel de Cruz García, más conocido como Tony Cruz (Madrid, 23 de febrero de 1952 – Majadahonda, 16 de octubre de 2011), fue un actor español de teatro musical y actor de doblaje de cine.

Biografía
Nació en Madrid en el 23 de febrero de 1952. En 1973 gana el concurso de TVE La Gran Ocasión. Inicia su
discografía con la compañía PolyGram que le permitirá grabar 2 LP y 5 singles.
Tras participar con éxito como autor y cantante en festivales como el de
Santander o el Iquitos (Perú), formará parte junto a Phil Trim del grupo Pop-Tops desde 1991 a 1996.

Cantante de reconocida trayectoria, ha participado en numerosas giras
internacionales de obras líricas. Comparte escenario con Paloma San Basilio
en Evita dirigido por Jaime Azpilicueta, interpretando el papel protagonista del Che Guevara en la gira
mundial. En Jesucristo Superstar interpreta a Judas en otra gira mundial.
Participa junto a Juanjo Puigcorbé y Emma Penella en la obra Frank V de
Friedrich Dürrenmatt en el Teatro María Guerrero, dirigida por Mario Gas, y en la gira
española de Carmen, Carmen de Antonio Gala protagonizada por Concha Velasco. En La Maja de Goya de Vicente Escrivá interpreta el papel
protagonista de Goya en el Teatro Nuevo Apolo de Madrid, donde vuelve en
2005 para trabajar en la obra de Miguel Mihura Maribel y la extraña familia, el musical. En 2004 y 2005 actuó en el Teatro Español con la zarzuela La eterna canción, de Pablo Sorozábal, que después viajó al Teatro Arriaga de Bilbao y al
Festival de Peralada. El mismo año interpretó el papel de Paco en La boda y el baile de Luis Alonso del Teatro de la Zarzuela. En 2008 formó parte del elenco de Sweeney Todd, dirigido por Mario Gas y representado en el Teatro Español de Madrid, Teatro Arriaga de Bilbao y Teatro Apolo de Barcelona.

Desde 1989 ha trabajado en múltiples campañas publicitarias como cantante.

En el cine ha doblado a los protagonistas de varias producciones de Disney
entre las que cabe destacar el Jack Skellington de Pesadilla antes de Navidad, John Smith en Pocahontas, Long John Silver en Los Teleñecos en la Isla del Tesoro
y la voz solista de todas las canciones de Toy Story (es muy recordada su interpretación de Hay un amigo en mí, versión en castellano del original You've Got a Friend in Me, compuesta e interpretada por Randy Newman). Asimismo ha adaptado la
letra de la banda sonora de Pokémon, además de las series de Disney El oso de la casa azul, Peanut, Butter y Jelly y "Phineas y Ferb"

Falleció de cáncer el 16 de octubre de 2011 tras año y medio de lucha contra la enfermedad.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 MySpace oficial de Tony Cruz

Actores de teatro de España
Actores de teatro musical de España
Actores de voz de España
Cantantes en español
Nacidos en Madrid

Tony Cruz (actor)


Le raïon de Jydatchiv (en ) est un raïon (district) dans l'oblast de Lviv en Ukraine.

Le chef-lieu est la ville de Jydatchiv.

Jydatchiv

Raion de Jydatchiv


La torre de Vallferosa es una  torre de vigilancia que se encuentra en el municipio de Torá, en la comarca de la Segarra.

Fue construida hacia el año 970 dC siguiendo la estrategia militar de construir torres de vigilancia en los puntos clave conquistados a los sarracenos. El objetivo era construir una línea de fortificaciones conectadas entre sí visualmente. Hacia el año 1000 dC se construyó otra torre circular rodeando la antigua a partir de tapiales por reforzarla. En la parte superior aún se pueden ver las almenas.

Tiene 33 m de altura y está considerada como uno de los mejores ejemplos de la arquitectura militar europea del  y ha sobrevivido sin haber sido modificada desde su construcción.

La puerta de acceso está ubicada a 10 m del suelo.

Ubicación
La torre de Vallferosa se encuentra situada en el camino que va de Solsona a Torá, a raíz de una riera tributaria del arroyo de Llanera que lleva las aguas hacia el sur hasta el río Llobregós.

Historia
Documentado desde el 1052 como «Kastrum de Valle Frausa», esta fortaleza fue del alto dominio de los condes de Urgell. Su nombre dio origen, en el s. XII, a la aparición de un linaje homónimo, algunos miembros aparecen mencionados en la documentación. Uno de ellos fue Berenguer de Vallferosa, que el 1195 daba a Santa María de Solsona todos los bienes y derechos que poseía el más Soler, situado dentro del término de este castillo. Como todas las fortalezas de la época, fue cambiando de dueños y cuando, a finales del , se creó el ducado de Cardona pasaría a formar parte. Posteriormente se integró a la alcaldía de Torá.

Véase también
 Anexo:Bienes de interés cultural de la provincia de Lérida

Referencias

Enlaces externos

http://www.valldellobregos.cat/pdf/vallferosa.pdf (catalán)
http://www.vallferosa.com (catalán)
Información sobre la torre de Vallferosa (catalán)
Información sobre Torá en línea (catalán)
Castillos Catalanes, Torre de Vallferosa (catalán)
Proceso de restauración de la torre de Vallferosa

Vallferosa
Vallferosa
Bienes culturales de interés nacional de la provincia de Lérida
Arquitectura en Cataluña en el siglo X

Torre de Vallferosa


José Gusmão, née le  à Lisbonne, est un économiste et homme politique portugais, membre du Bloc de gauche.

Biographie

Il a été élu au Parlement européen lors des élections européennes de 2019. Il est membre du groupe de la Gauche au Parlement européen et est vice président de la commission des affaires économiques et monétaires depuis le 10 juillet 2019.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des députés européens du Portugal de la  - Liste des députés européens de la

Liens externes

Personnalité du Bloc de gauche
Député européen membre du Bloc de gauche
Député européen du groupe Gauche unitaire européenne/Gauche verte nordique 2019-2024
Député européen élu au Portugal 2019-2024
Naissance en juillet 1976
Naissance à Lisbonne

José Gusmão


Khaled Mohamed Khaled (), cunoscut sub numele de DJ Khaled, este un producător, om de radio, DJ și director de casă de discuri american de origine arabă palestiniană. În trecut era cunoscut sub numele de Arab Attack, dar și-a schimbat pseudonimul după atacurile din 11 septembrie, deoarece nu voia să pară insensibil. A fost om de radio la postul urban de muzică WEDR din Miami și DJ al formației hip hop Terror Squad. Din 2004 până în 2006, Khaled a ajutat la producția albumelor Real Talk de Fabolous, True Story de Terror Squad, All or Nothing de Fat Joe, și Me, Myself & I de Fat Joe.

În 2006, Khaled și-a lansat albumul de debut, Listennn... the Album. A continuat cu lansările albumelor We the Best (2007), We Global (2008), Victory (2010), We the Best Forever (2011), Kiss the Ring (2012) și care Suffering from Success (2013). În 2009, Khaled a devenit președintele casei de discuri Def Jam South și este, de asemenea, CEO-ul și fondatorul We the Best Music Group. Khaled a lansat al optulea album de studio, I Changed a Lot, pe 23 octombrie 2015. Recent, a lansat al 9-lea album de studio, intitulat Major Key.

Biografie

1975–2003: Tinerețea și începuturile carierei
Khaled s-a născut pe 26 noiembrie 1975 în New Orleans, Louisiana. Părinții săi sunt imigranți palestineni. Se descrie ca fiind un musulman devotat. Părinți săi au fost muzicieni și interpretau muzică arabă. Khaled a început să dezvolte un interes asupra muzicii rap și soul de la o vârstă fragedă. A lucrat la un magazin de muzică local, activitate ce a pus bazele carierei sale muzicale.

La începutul carierei, Khaled a dezvoltat relații cu numeroși artiști tineri, și i-a ajutat înainte ca aceștia să devină faimoși. Una din primele sale slujbe a fost la magazinul de muzică Odyssey din New Orleans, unde în anul 1993 i-a întâlnit pe Lil Wayne și Birdman. După plecarea sa de la Odyssey, a fost DJ la petreceri reggae, unde a mixat dancehall și hip hop. Prima slujbă de radio a fost la o stație pirat. La scurt timp după, în 1998, a fost co-prezentator la postul de radio WEDR, alături de membrul 2 Live Crew, Luther Campbell. În 2003 a avut propria emisiune de radio la WEDR. De-a lungul carierei, Khaled a utilizat o varietate de pseudonime, printre care Arab Attack (nefolosit de la atacurile din 11 septembrie), Big Dog Pitbull, Terror Squadian (folosit ca membru al formației hip hop Terror Squad), Beat Novocane (numele sub care produce instrumentale), The Don Dada, Mr. Miami etc. A renunțat la pseudonimul Arab Attack după atacurile din 11 septembrie, spunând că folosirea numelui ar fi un semn de lipsă de respect față de cei care au suferit în urma atacurilor teroriste.

2006–08: Listennn... the Album, We the Best, și We Global
Pe 6 iunie 2006 și-a lansat albumul de debut, Listen... the Album, prin Koch Records. A debutat pe locul 12 în topul Billboard 200. Al doilea album se intitulează We the Best (2007) și este susținut de singleurile "I'm So Hood" cu T-Pain, Trick Daddy, Plies, și Rick Ross și "We Takin' Over" cu Akon, T.I., Rick Ross, Fat Joe, Birdman, și Lil Wayne. "We Takin' Over" a atins locul 28 în Billboard Hot 100 și a primit discul de aur de la Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) pe data de 20 noiembrie 2007. Khaled a apărut pe piesa "100 Million" de pe albumul 5 * Stunna al rapperului Birdman, alături de Rick Ross, Dre, Young Jeezy și Lil Wayne. În același an, Khaled a câștigat două Premii Ozone: unul pentru Cel mai bun videoclip ("We Takin' Over") și altul pentru Cel mai bun DJ de radio.

În 2008 Khaled și-a lansat cel de-al treilea album, We Global, împreună cu singleurile "Out Here Grindin" cu Akon, Rick Ross, Lil' Boosie, Trick Daddy, Ace Hood și Plies, urmat de "Go Hard" cu Kanye West și T-Pain. A primit discul de platină pentru "I'm So Hood" pe 4 iunie 2008. În același an, Khaled a câștigat premiul de Cel mai bun DJ al anului în cadrul BET Hip Hop Awards și Ozone Awards. A fost numit președintele Def Jam South în 2009.

2010–12: Victory, We the Best Forever, și Kiss the Ring
Al patrulea album de studio al lui Khaled, Victory, a fost lansat pe 2 martie 2010 și conține colaborări cu artiști precum Drake, Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, Nas, Snoop Dogg, Ludacris și Nelly. Singleul "All I Do Is Win" cu Ludacris, Rick Ross, Snoop Dogg și T-Pain a primit dublu disc de platină. Printre singleuri se numără și: "Put Your Hands Up" cu Ross, Young Jeezy, Plies și Schife, și "Fed Up" cu Usher, Drake, Ross și Jeezy. Albumul a avut vânzări slabe și a debutat pe locul 12 în Billboard 200.

DJ Khaled a anunțat pe Twitter titlul următorului său album, We the Best Forever. Pe 19 august, Khaled a semnat cu Cash Money Records. Printre aparițiile de pe album se numără Fat Joe, Chris Brown, Keyshia Cole, Cee Lo Green, Cool & Dre, Rick Ross, Kanye West, Jay-Z, Nas, Birdman, Lil Wayne, T.I., Akon, Drake și Nicki Minaj. Primul single, intitulat "Welcome to My Hood", cu Rick Ross, Plies, Lil Wayne și T-Pain, a fost lansat pe 13 ianuarie 2011. Este prima piesă lansată sub Cash Money Records și Universal Motown. Videoclipul a fost filmat în Miami, Florida și a avut apariții de la Flo Rida, Bow Wow, Busta Rhymes și alții. Următorul single, "I'm On One", cu Drake, Rick Ross și Lil Wayne a fost lansat pe 20 mai 2011. DJ Khaled a interpretat piesa la Premiile BET 2011, pe 26 iunie 2011.

Pe 10 decembrie 2011, DJ Khaled a anunțat titlul următorului său album, Kiss the Ring, estimând data lansării în anul 2012. Printre colaboratori se numără T-Pain, French Montana, Future, Wiz Khalifa, Nas, Plies, Ace Hood, Kanye West, Rick Ross, Meek Mill, Big Sean, 2 Chainz, Jadakiss, Kirko Bangz, Mack Maine, Tyga, T.I., J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, Big K.R.I.T., Mavado și Wale. Primul single lansat a fost "Take It to the Head" cu Chris Brown, Rick Ross, Nicki Minaj și Lil Wayne. Al doilea single s-a intitulat "I Wish You Would" cu Kanye West și Rick Ross. Kiss the Ring a fost lansat pe 21 august 2012. Al treilea single oficial, "Bitches and Bottles", a fost realizat în colaborare cu T.I., Lil Wayne și Future.

2013–15: Suffering from Success și I Changed a Lot
În ianuarie 2013, DJ Khaled a anunțat că a început să lucreze la al șaptelea album, și că acesta se va intitula Suffering from Success. Primul single de pe album, "No New Friends" este o colaborare dintre Drake, Lil Wayne și Rick Ross, cu producție de la Boi-1da și Noah "40" Shebib. Pe 14 aprilie 2013, DJ Khaled a lansat un videoclip promoțional pentru Suffering from Success și primul single, "No New Friends". Singleul a fost lansat pe iTunes în data de 19 aprilie 2013 și a debutat pe locul 55 în Billboard Hot 100. Pe 25 iulie 2013, Khaled a cerut-o în căsătorie pe Nicki Minaj, prin intermediul MTV. Și-a susținut oferta cu un inel de 10 carate din diamant, în valoare de $500,000. Într-un interviu cu DJ Felli Fel al radioului Power 106, a confirmat oferta, spunând: "Nu mai sunt băiat mic. Mă gândesc la viitor. Trebuia să fiu sincer. Întotdeauna mi-a plăcut de ea. E prietena mea, desigur. Și îmi place de ea. E mai mult decât o pasiune." Pe 29 iulie 2013, într-un interviu cu Funkmaster Flex, Minaj a respins cererea lui Khaled, spunând: "Khaled este prietenul meu, și Khaled nu vorbea serios în legătură cu cererea în căsătorie. Renunțați, vă rog. Doar glumea." În aceeași zi, Flex a lansat noul single al lui Khaled, intitulat "I Wanna Be with You" în colaborare cu Nicki Minaj, Future și Rick Ross.

Pe 28 aprilie 2014, într-un interviu cu MTV, DJ Khaled a anunțat că Jay Z va apărea pe următorul său single.  Pe 1 iulie 2014, Khaled a anunțat că a realizat un parteneriat cu compania daneză de sunet Bang & Olufsen pentru lansarea propriului brand de căști, "We the Best Sound". Brandul a fost mediatizat în videoclipul piesei "They Don't Love You No More".

Pe 11 mai 2015, DJ Khaled a dezvăluit că a părăsit amiabil Cash Money Records. "Nu mai sunt în contract cu Cash Money Records. Am ieșit de un minut", a dezvăluit Khaled. În aceeași zi, DJ Khaled a lansat al treilea single de pe următorul album, I Changed a Lot, intitulat "How Many Times", în colaborare cu Chris Brown, Lil Wayne și Big Sean. DJ Khaled a anunțat că următorul său album, I Changed a Lot, va fi lansat pe 23 octombrie 2015.

2016–prezent: Major Key
Pe 5 februarie 2016, DJ Khaled a debutat noua emisiune de radio, We The Best Radio pe Beats 1, lansând în premieră al patrulea album de studio al rapperului Future, EVOL. Pe 14 februarie 2016, DJ Khaled a anunțat că va debuta noul mixtape al lui French Montana pe We The Best Radio. Pe 29 februarie 2016, Khaled a semnat un acord de management cu compania lui Jay Z, Roc Nation, și a anunțat lansarea celui de-al nouălea album de studio, Major Key. Pe 3 iunie a lansat primul single de pe Major Key, intitulat "For Free", o colaborare cu rapperul canadian Drake.

Major Key a fost lansat pe 29 iulie 2016 prin Epic Records și We the Best Music Group, cu apariții de la Future, Big Sean, Rick Ross, Jay Z, Drake, Nas, Kendrick Lamar, Betty Wright, J. Cole, Bryson Tiller, Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, Jeremih, YG, Gucci Mane, 2 Chainz, Fat Joe, Busta Rhymes, Travis Scott, Lil Wayne, Wiz Khalifa și alții.

Popularitate pe internet
Între finele lui 2015 și 2016, un număr de videoclipuri de pe Snapchat care detaliază "cheia succesului" lui Khaled au devenit virale pe internet, datorită personalității sale de "buricul pământului". Aceasta recunoaștere nou-obținută i-a adus popularitate, devenind un "fenomen pe internet", fiind descris de unii ca o "memă în formă umană".

Discografie
 Listennn... the Album (2006)
 We the Best (2007)
 We Global (2008)
 Victory (2010)
 We the Best Forever (2011)
 Kiss the Ring (2012)
 Suffering from Success (2013)
 I Changed a Lot (2015)
 Major Key (2016)

Referințe

Nașteri în 1975
Musulmani americani
Americani în viață
DJ americani

DJ Khaled


Semahat Geldiay (d. 14 Eylül 1923, İzmir - ö. 27 Şubat 2002), Türk zoolog.

Böcek endokrinolojisi konulu araştırmalarıyla tanınır. TÜBİTAK Bilim Ödülü ve TÜBA onur üyeliği sahibidir.

Yaşamı
1923'te İzmir'de doğdu.  1930 yılında ailesinin İstanbul'a taşınması üzerine ilk ve orta öğrenimini İstanbul'da tamamladı.İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Tabii İlimler Bölümü'nü 1946 yılında bitirdi. Mezuniyetinden sonra akademik yaşamına üç yıl kadar ara verdi ve önce Cibali Ortaokulunda sonra İstanbul Kız Öğretmen Okulunda fen öğretmenliği yaptı.

1949 yılında Ankara'da doktora eğitimi için Ankara'ya gitti.  Doktora çalışmasını Selahattin Okay'ın danışmanlığına Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Zooloji Kürsüsü'nde 1954 yılında tamamladı. Doktora çalışmasında nörosekresyon hücrelerinin böcek beyninde dağılışı, tipleri ve salınma yerlerini araştırdı; nörosekresyon hücrelerinin merkezi sinir sisteminin diğer bölgelerinde de olduğunu gösterdi. 1957'de, bu alanda kaleme aldığı iki makalesiyle, yurtdışından araştırmacıların dikkatini çekti ve doktora sonrası eğitim için ABD'ye gitti Doktora sonrası eğitimine New York'ta Columbia Üniversitesi Zooloji Bölümü'nde E.S. Hodgson ile devam etti. Böcekler üstünde yaptığı deneyler, hayvan davranışlarını kontrol eden mekanizmanın temelinde, beyindeki nörosekresyon hücrelerinin bulunduğunu gösterdi. Alanında ilk olan bu çalışma ile ilgili olarak 1958 yılında üç makale yayınladı ve çok sayıda atıf aldı. Bu deneyler omurgasız ve omurgalılarda hormon salgılanmasının kontrolüyle ilişkili olarak, çeşitli dillerde yazılmış temel ders ve başvuru kitaplarında da yer almaktadır.

1958 yılında Remzi Geldiay ile ABD'de evlendi. 1960  yılında birlikte Türkiye'ye döndüler. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Zooloji Bölümünde çalışmaya başladı.  1961 yılında Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi'ne naklen atandı, aynı yıl doçent oldu ve  1967'de profesörlüğe yükseldi. Ege Üniversitesi'nde o yıllarda kurulmakta olan Tabii İlimler Bölümü'nün Genel Zooloji Kürsüsü'nde temel dersleri yürüttü ve laboratuvarları kurmaya çalıştı. Bu kurumda Kürsü Başkanlığı, Bölüm Başkanlığı, Senato Üyeliği ve Dekan Yardımcılığı görevlerini üstlendi.

1971- 1972 yıllarında araştırma buru alarak gittiği yendien ABD'ye gitti. Seattle'daki Washington Üniversitesi Zooloji Bölümü'nde konuk profesör olarak çalıştı. Bu arda Dr. J. S. Edward ile birlikte elektron mikroskobu ile çalıştı. Serebnal Nörohemal Organ'' olarak isimlendirilen, hem böcek endokrinolojisi hem de filogeni açısından önemli olan, nörohormonların doğrudan beyinden salındığı yerleri gösterdi. Çalışmaları 1975 yılında TÜBİTAK Bilim Ödülü ile onurlandırıldı.

1975-1980 yıllarında serebnal nörohemal bölgeyi diğer böceklerde de araştırmıştır. Bu projeden sağlanan önemli bir destekle Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü'ne bir transmisyon elektron mikroskobu kazandırmıştır ve laboratuvarının kurulmasını sağladı.

Geldiay, böcek hormonlarının böcek kontrolünde kullanılması konusunda Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalara da öncülük etti. 1987-1990  yıllarında ise böceklerin besinlerle aldığı bitki büyüme regülatörlerinin böcek kontrolünde kullanılabileceği konusundaki- çalışmalara öncülük etti. 1996 yılında TÜBA Şeref Üyeliği ile onurlandırıldı.

Biri kız biri erkek iki de çocuk annesi olan Semahat Geldiay, 27 Şubat 2002'e öldü.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Günce dergisinde, ölümü üzerine çıkan yazı

1923 doğumlular
2002 yılında ölenler
Türk zoologlar
Türk profesörler
TÜBİTAK Bilim Ödülü sahipleri

Semahat Geldiay


Hopliancistrus xavante est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Loricariidae qui se rencontre dans les eaux douces tropicales de certaines rivières du Brésil. L'espèce a été identifiée en 2021 dans le cours supérieur du rio Xingu.

Systématique
L'espèce Hopliancistrus xavante a été décrite en 2021 par , , ,  et .

Étymologie
Son épithète spécifique, xavante, lui a été donnée en l'honneur des Xavántes, un peuple amérindien.

Publication originale

Notes et références

Liens externes

Siluriformes (nom scientifique)
Loricariidae
Faune endémique du Brésil

Hopliancistrus xavante


Basshunters diskografi omfatter fem studiealbums, to opsamlingsalbum, 30 singler, fem promotional singler og 17 musikvideoer.

Albummer

Studiealbummer

Opsamlingsalbumer

Singler

Som primær kunstner

Promotional singler

Musikvideoer

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Basshunters officielle hjemmeside

Diskografier
Diskografi

Basshunters diskografi


Paragehyra es un género de gecos de la familia Gekkonidae. Sus especies son endémicas de Madagascar.

Especies
Se reconocen las siguientes cuatro especies:
 Paragehyra austini Crottini, Harris, Miralles, Glaw, Jenkins, Randrianantoandro, Bauer & Vences, 2014.
 Paragehyra felicitae Crottini, Harris, Miralles, Glaw, Jenkins, Randrianantoandro, Bauer & Vences, 2014.
 Paragehyra gabriellae Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1994.
 Paragehyra petiti Angel, 1929.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Gekkonidae
Géneros de reptiles

Paragehyra


Peter Anderson Graham () a fost un scriitor și redactor britanic. A fost activ înainte de 1890, în special pe teme rurale, primele sale lucrări au fost The Rural Exodus: The Problem of the Village and the Town (Exodul rural: problema satului și a orașului, 1892) și The Victorian Era (1897). Scrierile sale de ficțiune au fost rare, inclusiv The Red Scaur: A Novel of Manners (1897), un roman care nu este fantastic,  în timp ce ultima sa lucrare majoră, The Collapse of Homo Sapiens (1923), este un roman științifico-fantastic postapocaliptic care are loc pe un pământ în ruine care reflectă ideile obsedante de după Primul Război Mondial.

The Collapse of Homo Sapiens

The Collapse of Homo Sapiens este un  roman științifico-fantastic din 1923 scris de Peter Anderson Graham și publicat de editura G. P. Putnam's Sons din Londra.

Prezentare

"Editorul" romanului prezintă notele și transcrierile unui om care, în contradicție spirituală cu lumea nouă, a comunicat cu o entitate extraterestră capabilă și dispusă să-l trimită 200 de ani în viitor. Personajul principal ajunge printre ruinele Londrei unde curând întâlnește "cavaleri" în armuri antice, pe care ei nu le dau jos datorită nenumăratelor făpturi degenerate asemănătoare maimuței care îi amenință.

Cavalerii se dovedesc a fi membrii mai în vârstă ai unei așezări, o comunitate rurală non-monarhică de pe râul Tamisa, o evocare modestă a romanului lui William Morris News from Nowhere (1890). Comunitatea nu practică nicio religie, fiind organizată pe principiul că "munca pune lucrurile la locul lor." Călătorul în timp află că două dezastre majore au afectat Marea Britanie după Marele Război: o nouă bombă, invenția unui englez răufăcător care a distrus mai întâi Londra; un an sau ceva mai târziu, o invazie a "raselor colorate", înarmate cu arme avansate, i-au terminat treaba.

Dar planeta însăși "a îmbolnăvit omul", iar evoluția sa pare să se fi împotmolit: vechiul Homo sapiens nu mai face suficienți copii pentru ca rasa sa să nu dispară, iar sub-poporul piticilor proliferează. Tamisa, care a produs deja o inundație biblică pe pământ, urmează să inunde din nou; ecouri ale cărții lui Richard Jefferies After London or Wild England (1885) par destinate. Așezarea cavalerilor este condamnată în mod clar. În final, călătorul în timp revine cu disperare în 1920.

Note

Legături externe
 Peter Anderson Graham la isfdb.org

Nașteri în 1853
Decese în 1925
Scriitori britanici din secolul al XIX-lea
Scriitori britanici din secolul al XX-lea
Editori britanici

Peter Anderson Graham


Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. was a timberland owner and manager, as well as a forest products, mineral extraction, and property development company, until it merged with Weyerhaeuser Company. It was headquartered in Suite 3100 at 601 Union Street in Seattle.

Plum Creek was spun off from Burlington Resources as a master limited partnership (MLP) on June 8, 1989. Burlington Resources was created from the Burlington Northern railroad's natural resources holdings in 1988. Plum Creek Timber is heir to some of the  of timberland originally granted by the federal government to the Northern Pacific Railway in the 1860s, and most of Burlington's lands were originally purchased, or otherwise acquired as timberland. The MLP converted to a real estate investment trust on July 1, 1999, in order to obtain tax and accounting advantages available to real estate developers.

Plum Creek Timber produces a line of softwood lumber products, including common and select boards, studs, edge-glued boards, and finger-jointed studs. These products are targeted to domestic lumber retailers, such as retail home centers, for use in repair and remodeling projects. These products are also sold to stocking distributors for use in home construction. The company also does mineral extraction, natural gas production, and deals with communication and transportation rights of way. As of December 31, 2014, the company owned and managed approximately  of timber lands in 19 states, as well as owned and operated five wood product conversion facilities in the northwest U.S.

On November 8, 2015, it was announced that Plum Creek would be bought by Seattle-based Weyerhaeuser for $8.4 billion, forming the largest private owner of timberland in the United States.  The transaction closed on February 19, 2016.

Transactions with the U.S. Federal Government

In late 1999, Congress approved a land swap involving more than  of forest land in the Cascade Mountains.  In the deal, Plum Creek gave up  of land, much of it along Interstate 90 east of Seattle, in exchange for  in Federal lands.  Plum Creek had warned the U.S. Government that it would log the land should the deal not go through.  The federal government also had to pay $4.3 million as part of the deal.

In 2008, Senator Max Baucus arranged for appropriations in the 2008 Farm Bill to be used to purchase  of Plum Creek land in Montana.  This project became known as the Montana Legacy Project.

Environmental record
There is some controversy over the management of Plum Creek's timberland, mostly from environmental groups who decry the recent move from Plum Creek as a timber management company into a developer of its land, taking advantage of the much more profitable land values that have occurred for undeveloped land in the late 1990s until the crash in real estate prices. Plum Creek is engaged in a proposal for a large resort and development tract in the Northern Maine Woods, on Moosehead Lake by Greenville, Maine, one of the largest undeveloped forests east of the Mississippi River.

This follows on the heels of their development of managed land in Washington state (Suncadia) and Montana (Moonlight Basin, Yellowstone Club) into costly resorts, bringing golf courses and luxury housing into the deep forests. The debate pits conservation groups trying to balance recreation and protection, and the effects of sprawl and overdevelopment upon wildlife, quality of life, and the employment of local populations who depend in part on the hunting, fishing and tourist trades which may be damaged by the overdevelopment of the area.

Plum Creek states that they follow three principles, Replanting, Protecting Water Quality, and Managing Wildlife Habitat.  Every year Plum Creek replants approximately 85 million seedlings and plans for the natural regeneration of millions of trees. Close to  of land owned by Plum Creek are a part of four habitat conservation plans across the country and in Montana are involved in a conservation agreement for the grizzly bear.

In 2001, Plum Creek at their Medium Density Fiberboard facility completed the installation of a biofilter, a new air emission treatment technology. This technology uses naturally occurring bacteria to destroy air pollutants that are generated in the wood fiber drying and pressing processes. The technology does not burn natural gas like most treatment systems do to destroy pollutants.

They are also currently working on a Plum Creek Moosehead development. According to an environmental group, the Native Forest Network (NFN), if approved by the Land Use Regulation Commission, Plum Creek's plan would increase Maine's total carbon emissions by nearly 8%.

References

External links
Plum Creek Timber Legacy Info at weyerhaeuser.com
Natural Resources Council of Maine
EnvironmentMaine
Plum Creek Moosehead plan website
Plum Creek Merger Negotiations
RIDGE Records. 1923–2015. 9.31 cubic feet (9 boxes). At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Defunct real estate companies of the United States
Real estate investment trusts of the United States
Pulp and paper companies of the United States
Defunct financial services companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Seattle
Defunct forest products companies of the United States
Defunct pulp and paper companies
2016 mergers and acquisitions
Weyerhaeuser

Plum Creek Timber


පන්නිපිටිය, කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ කොළඹට නැගෙනහිරින් පිහිටි නගරයකි. නාගරීකරණය  වෙමින් පවතින ප්‍රදේශයක් වන මෙය හයිලෙවල් මාර්ගයේ කොළඹ සිට කිලෝමීටර් 17 දුරින් පිහිටා ඇත.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන

පන්නිපිටිය


Rankoth Vehera este o stupă situat în orașul antic Polonnaruwa în Sri Lanka. Stupa a fost construită de Nissanka Malla din Polonnaruwa, care a condus țara din anul 1187 până în 1196. Rankoth Vehera a fost construită în conformitate cu tradiția stupelor din Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya și este foarte asemănătoare cu Ruwanwelisaya. În fapt, o inscripție în piatră  aflată aproape de stupă chiar se identifică prin numele de "Ruwanweli". Cu toate acestea, mai târziu a ajuns să fie cunoscut prin numele utilizat în prezent, Rankoth Vehera. În Sinhaleză, ran înseamnă aur, kotha este numele dat vârfului unei stupe, și vehera înseamnă stupă sau templu. Astfel, numele Rankoth Vehera poate fi tradus în română ca "Stupa cu Vârful Aurit". Împreună cu Kiri Vehera, este una dintre cele mai venerate stupe în Polonnaruwa.

Descriere
Rankoth Vehera este o structură realziată în întregime din cărămidă, și are un diametru de 170 de metri și o înălțime de 33 de metri. Cu toate acestea, forma originală a stupei, în special în partea sa superioară, a fost schimbată în timpul lucrărilor de renovare efectuate ulterior de conducători și se estimează că înălțimea inițială a Rankoth Vehera ar fi fost de aproape 61 de metri În ciuda acestui fapt, ea rămâne cea mai mare stupă din orașul antic Polonnaruwa, și a patra cea mai mare stupă din țară. Stupa are patru mari Vahalkada, o structură folosită pentru oferirea de flori și, de asemenea, pentru a sprijini greutatea unei stupa. Acestea sunt, de asemenea, realizate din cărămidă. Stupa este situată în centrul unui pătrat mare cu terasă, care este, de asemenea, înconjurat de un zid de cărămidă. Terasa are patru intrări orientate spre cele patru puncte cardinale, cu căi de nisip care duc la ele. O inscripție în piatră  de lângă una din intrări menționează că regele Nissanka Malla  a supravegheat construcția stupei din acel loc. Este de menționat, de asemenea, că el s-a închinat la stupa de pe o mică platformă, care este situat într-un colț de terasă.

Referințe

Sri Lanka

Rankoth Vehera


ද කිං'ස් ෆේස් () යනු 2014 වර්ෂයේ විකාශය වූ දකුණු කොරියානු ඓතිහාසික රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවකි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන චරිත නිරූපණය කරන්නේ සියෝ ඉන්-ගුක්, ජෝ යූන්-හී, ලී සුං-ජේ, කිම් ග්‍යු-රි සහ ෂින් සං-රොක් විසිනි. 2014 නොවැම්බර් මස 19 දින KBS2 නාළිකාව ඔස්සේ විකාශය ඇරඹි මෙම කතාමාලාව 2015 පෙබරවාරි 5 දක්වා විකාශය වූ අතර, එය බදදා සහ බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා දිනවල 21:55ට කථාංග 23කින් යුක්තව විකාශය විය.

කථාපුවත
ජොසොන්හි සොන්ජෝ රජුට දාව උපබිසවකට උපන් පුත්‍රයකු වන ග්වංහේ ජොසොන්හි කිරුළහිමි කුමරු බවට පත් වේ. ඉදිරි වසර 16 පුරාවටම මේ නීත්‍යානුකූල නොවන කුමරුගේ දිවිය ගෙවෙන්නේ නොයෙකුත් අරගල මධ්‍යයේ ය. වරෙක ඔහුට මරණ තර්ජන එල්ල වන අතර, තවත් විටෙක ධුරයෙන් පහ කිරීමේ තර්ජනයට ද ඔහු ලක් වේ. ග්වංහේ සහ ඔහුගේ පියා වූ සොන්ජෝ රජු අතර නොයෙකුත් මතභේද පැන නගින අතර, ඔවුහු දෙදෙනා ක්‍රමයෙන් දේශපාලනයේ දී මෙන්ම ප්‍රේමයේ දී ද සතුරන් බවට පත් වෙති. දේහලක්ෂණ විද්‍යාව සිය ආයුධ කරගනිමින්, මුහුණෙහි ඇති දෑ කියැවිය හැකි දෛවඥයකුගේ සහාය ලබාගන්නා ග්වංහේ ඊළඟ රජු බවට පත්වීමට උත්සාහ දරයි.

චරිත නිරූපණය

සියෝ ඉන්-ගුක්, ග්වංහේ කුමරු ලෙස
ජෝ යූන්-හී, කිම් ගා-හී ලෙස
ලී සුං-ජේ, සොන්ජෝ රජු ලෙස
කිම් ග්‍යු-රි, කිම් ග්වයි-ඉන් ලෙස
ෂින් සුං-රොක්, කිම් දෝ-චි ලෙස
කෝ වොන්-හී, ඉන්මොක් අගබිසව ලෙස
ඉම් ජි-ඉයුන්, උයිඉන් අගබිසව ලෙස
කිම් හී-ජුං, සියෝ ජා-බින් ලෙස
පාක් ජූ-හ්‍යුං, ඉම්හේ කුමරු ලෙස
යූන් බොං-ගිල්, ඉම් යොං-ෂින් ලෙස
ජෝ වොන්-හී, කිම් දු-සෝ ලෙස
කිම් හ්‍යුන්-සූක්, පාක් මැතිණිය ලෙස
ආන් සුක්-හ්වන්, යි සන්-හේ ලෙස
සොං මින්-හ්‍යුං, යූ ස්‍යුං ලෙස
ලී චුං, යූ ජා-ෂින් ලෙස
කිම් බං-වොන්, කං ජින්-න්‍යොල් ලෙස
ජි සියෝ-යූන්, හොං සූක්-යොං ලෙස
වොන් දොක්-හ්‍යුන්, සින්සොං කුමරු ලෙස
පාක් ජූන්-මොක්, ළමා ජොංවොන් කුමරු ලෙස
සියෝ හ්‍යුන්සොක්, ජොංවොන් කුමරු ලෙස
ජූ ජින්-මෝ, ජොං චොල් ලෙස
ලී බ්යුං-ජූන්, කිම් ගොං-ර්යං ලෙස
මින් සොං-ආ, පාක් පාලිකාව ලෙස
ලී සූන්-ජේ, බෙක් ක්‍යුං ලෙස
කිම් මියුං-ගොන්, සොං පණ්ඩක ලෙස
ලී කි-යොං, ගෝ සන් ලෙස
චෝයි චොල්-හෝ, ජොං යෝ-රිප් ලෙස
යූ ජින්-හෝ, සියෝ යොං ලෙස
ලී සං-ඉන්, ජින් යොං ලෙස
ඉම් සූ-හ්‍යුන්, සොං වොල් ලෙස
පාක් ජේ-මින්, බොං දු ලෙස
චෝයි කං-වොන්, ඕ ගිල් ලෙස
ජුං මූන්-යුප්, සම් ගිල් ලෙස
ඕ ඉයුන්-හෝ, ඕ පාලිකාව ලෙස
ගෝ ඉන්-බොම්, ජං සූ-තේ ලෙස
බෙක් ජේ-ජින්, මු චොල් ලෙස
යූන් බිත්-නා, ක්‍යුං සන් ලෙස
කිම් යොල්, කප්-යි ලෙස
කිම් සෝ-ජුං, යොන්-ජූ ලෙස

සම්මාන සහ නිර්දේශ

රචනා චෞරත්ව මතභේදය
2014 අගෝස්තු 25 දින, 2013දී විකාශය වූ චිත්‍රපටයක් වන ද ෆේස් රීඩර් චිත්‍රපටයේ නිෂ්පාදන සමාගම වූ ජුලිටර් ෆිල්ම් සමාගම විසින් KBS නාළිකාවට එරෙහිව අධිකරණයේ නිරෝධාඥාවක් ගොනු කළේ පිටපත් හිමිකම් අයිතිය උල්ලංඝනය සහ අසාධාරණ ලෙස සිය අවසර නොලත් නිර්මාණයක් ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය යන යන චෝදනාවන් නගමිනි. ජුපිටර් ෆිල්ම්ස් ආයතනය අනුව ද ෆේස් රීඩර් චිත්‍රපටයේ මුල් තිර පිටපතේ අයිතිය ඔවුනට හිමි වූයේ "එක් ප්‍රභවය බහු භාවිතය" යන වගන්තිය යටතේ ය. එහි දී, මෙම තේමාව ඇසුරෙන් චිත්‍රපටයක් නිෂ්පාදනය, ග්‍රන්ථ මාලාවක් නිර්මාණය, සිහසුන උදෙසා වූ දේශපාලන අරගලයක පැටලෙන මුහුණ-කියැවිය හැකි දෛවඥයකු පිළිබඳ රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවක් නිර්මාණය කරන විට එහි පිටපත් අයිතිය ඔවුනට හිමි විය යුතු විය. 2013 දී මෙහි චිත්‍රපටයේ ප්‍රවේශපත් මිලියන 9ක් අලෙවි වූ අතර, කතාමාලා‍ව ඇසුරෙන් නිමැවුණු ග්‍රන්ථ ද්විත්වයක් (චිත්‍රපටයේ චරිත සඳහා පසුබිම් කථා) ද එළිදැක්විණි. ජුපිටර් ෆිල්ම් ආයතනය පැවසූයේ තමන් 2012දී KBS මීඩියා අයාතනය සමග කථාංග 24කින් යුත් ද ෆේස් රීඩර් චිත්‍රපටයේ රූපවාහිනී නාට්‍ය අනුවර්තනයක් සෑදීම පිණිස තිර පිටපත් සහ සැකිලි ලබා දුන් බවත්, වෝ ඔෆ් මනී තිර රචක ලී හ්යං-හී මෙම ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය සඳහා යෝග්‍ය බව නිර්දේශ කළ බවත් ය. නමුත් KBS මීඩියා අයතනය සහ ජුපිටර් ෆිල්ම් ආයතනයට එකඟත්වයකට පැමිණිය නොහැකි වූ නිසා එම ගිවිසුම නතර විය. ජුපිටර් ෆිල්ම් ආයතනය තවදුරටත් චෝදනා කළේ KBS මීඩියා අයතනය සිය ගනුදෙනුවට පිටුපා තමන් යෝජනා කළ තිර රචකයා ද යොදාගෙන ඔවුන්ගේම ප්‍රභේදයක් නිර්මාණය කරගෙන ඇති බවයි.

KBS ආයතනය නිවේදනය කළේ: "ද කිං'ස් ෆේස් යනු පුද්ගලයින්, යුගය, පසුතලය, කථාපුවත සහ අරගල ව්‍යූහය ද, නිරූපණ විලාසය අතින් ද ෆේස් රීඩර් චිත්‍රපටයෙන් සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වෙනස් වූ නිර්මාණයක් බවයි." අධිකරණයේ අවසන් තීන්දුව ලැබෙන තෙක් රැඳී සිටින අතරතුර, නිෂ්පාදන කටයුතු ඉදරියට කරගෙන යාමට තීරණය කළ KBS ආයතනය චරිත නිරූපණය පිළිබඳ නිවේදන නිකුත් කළේ ය. 2014 නොවැම්බර් මස KBS ආයතනයේ පාර්ශ්වයට පක්ෂව තීන්දුව ලබා දුන් අධිකරණය පැවසූයේ මෙහි රචනා චෞරත්වයක් සිදුව නොමැති බවයි.

අන්තර්ජාතික විකාශය
  – MRTV-4 නාළිකාව ඔස්සේ 2015 වර්ෂයේ විකාශය කෙරිණි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි
ද කිං'ස් ෆේස් නිල KBS වෙබ්අඩවිය
ද කිං'ස් ෆේස් සඳහා හන්සිනෙමාහි ඇති ගිණුම

2014 දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා ඇරඹීම්
2015 දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා අවසන් වීම්
2010 දශකය තුළ දකුණු කොරියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
කොරියානු විකාශන පද්ධතියේ රූපවාහිනී නාට්‍ය
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රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා

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