The Owen Sound Attack are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League based in Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada. Based in Owen Sound since 1989, and operating under the current name since 2000, the Attack play their home games at the J.D. McArthur Arena inside the Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre.

History

The Owen Sound OHL franchise was born when the Holody family moved the Guelph Platers to the city for the 1989–90 OHL season. The team kept the name of Owen Sound Platers.

The Owen Sound Attack were born in the late summer of the year 2000 as a community-based OHL franchise. When the Holody family decided to sell the Owen Sound Platers buyers were sought from any city.

Several local Owen Sound business people realized that an out-of-town buyer would mean losing the team to relocation. The most mentioned former OHL city was Cornwall, Ontario. This local business group banded together to purchase the team. After a bidding war and a summer-long legal battle with another suitor, the team remained in Owen Sound.

The ownership group elected for a name change and came up with the more modern sounding "Owen Sound Attack". The 2004–05 season was the best regular season in the OHL history of Owen Sound. General Manager Mike Futa was recognized by the OHL for his work in building the team with the OHL Executive of the Year award. The club also played host to the OHL All-Star Classic in 2005.

In 2010–11, the Attack wore the jerseys of the 1951 Allan Cup Champion Owen Sound Mercurys as a throwback third jersey.

On April 27, 2011, the Owen Sound Attack earned their first OHL Conference Championship and their first berth in the Memorial Cup tournament since relocating from Guelph with a 10–4 win over the defending champion Windsor Spitfires and a result of the Memorial Cup host team, Mississauga St. Michael's Majors winning their conference series, 4–1 over the Niagara IceDogs.

On May 15, 2011, the Attack won their first J. Ross Robertson Cup as OHL Champions, also since relocating from Guelph with a 3–2 overtime win over the Mississauga St. Michael's Majors in the seventh game of the OHL finals.

As of the end of the 2013–14 season, the Attack were one of five OHL teams to win 30 or more games in the past four seasons, joining London, Guelph, Saginaw and Oshawa.

The Attack set a new franchise attendance mark in 2011–12 of 97,619 fans and set a new record the following year, eclipsing the 100,000 mark in 2012–13 and again in 2013–14.

Coaches
2000–2001, Brian O'Leary
2001–2002, Frank Carnevale
2002–2007, Mike Stothers
2007–2011, Mark Reeds
2011–2015, Greg Ireland
2015–2017, Ryan McGill
2017–2019, Todd Gill
2019–2021, Alan Letang
2021–present, Greg Walters

Players
Andrew Brunette won the 1992–93 Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy as the top scorer in the OHL with 62 Goals, 100 Assists and 162 Points. He also tied for the Canadian Hockey League's scoring lead. Brunette was selected by the Washington Capitals 174th overall in the 7th round of 1993 NHL Entry Draft.

Jamie Storr was the 1993–94 OHL Goaltender of the Year. Storr was the starting goalie for back-to-back World Junior Hockey Championship Gold medals in 1993 and 1994. In the 1994 NHL Entry Draft he became what was then the highest-drafted goaltender overall in NHL history, by the Los Angeles Kings, 7th overall.

Dan Snyder, a former captain of the Owen Sound Platers, had his number 14 retired by the Owen Sound Attack in 2003. He is remembered in Owen Sound for his leadership on and off the ice. Snyder was twice voted his team's Humanitarian of the Year. Snyder died from injuries suffered in a vehicular accident in 2003 after just beginning his NHL career with the Atlanta Thrashers, and the Ontario Hockey League renamed its Humanitarian of the Year award posthumously in his honour.

NHL alumni
Alumni of the Owen Sound Attack who played in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Mike Angelidis
Josh Bailey
Chris Bigras
Jordan Binnington
Paul Bissonnette
Jesse Blacker
Joseph Blandisi
Daniel Catenacci
Andre Deveaux
Sean Durzi
Kurtis Gabriel
Mark Giordano
Mike Halmo
Joey Hishon
Greg Jacina
Dan LaCosta
Trevor Lewis
Kurtis MacDermid
Brian McGrattan
Chris Minard
Phil Oreskovic
Theo Peckham
Brad Richardson
Stefan Ruzicka
Bobby Ryan
Bob Sanguinetti
Andrej Sekera
Andrew Shaw
Wayne Simmonds
Nick Suzuki
Garrett Wilson

Yearly results

Regular season
 1989–2000 as Owen Sound Platers
 2000–present as Owen Sound Attack

Legend: OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs
1989–90 Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 3 in first round. Lost to Niagara Falls Thunder 4 games to 1 in quarter-finals.
1990–91 Did not qualify.
1991–92 Lost to London Knights 4 games to 1 in first round.
1992–93 Defeated Niagara Falls Thunder 4 games to 0 in first round. Lost to S.S. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals.
1993–94 Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in division quarter-finals. Lost to Detroit Jr. Red Wings 4 games to 0 in division semi-finals.
1994–95 Defeated Niagara Falls Thunder 4 games to 2 in division quarter-finals. Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals.
1995–96 Lost to Niagara Falls Thunder 4 games to 2 in division quarter-finals.
1996–97 Lost to Barrie Colts 4 games to 0 in division quarter-finals.
1997–98 Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 2 in division quarter-finals. Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 1 in quarter-finals.
1998–99 Defeated S.S.Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 1 in conference finals.
1999–2000 Did not qualify.
2000–01 Lost to Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2001–02 Did not qualify.
2002–03 Lost to Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
2003–04 Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals.
2004–05 Defeated Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
2005–06 Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to London Knights 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals.
2006–07 Lost to London Knights 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
2007–08 Did not qualify.
2008–09 Lost to Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
2009-10 Did not qualify.
2010–11 Defeated London Knights 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals. Defeated Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 1 in conference finals. Defeated Mississauga Majors 4 games to 3 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in third place.  Lost to Kootenay Ice 7–3 in tie-breaking game.
2011–12 Lost to Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2012–13 Defeated Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Plymouth Whalers 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals.
2013–14 Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2014–15 Lost to Guelph Storm 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2015–16 Lost to London Knights 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
2016–17 Defeated Kitchener Rangers 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals. Lost to Erie Otters 4 games to 2 in conference finals.
2017–18 Defeated London Knights 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 3 in conference semi-finals.
2018–19 Lost to Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2019–20 Cancelled.
2020–21 Cancelled.
2021-22 Lost to Flint Firebirds 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals.
2022-23 Lost to London Knights 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.

Uniforms and logos

Uniform colours: Black, white, gold, and red
Logo design: An angry bear head
Mascot: Cubby
2010–11 third jersey: Blue, red, and white with Owen Sound Mercurys logo

Arena
The Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre received extensive renovations beginning in 2001. Private boxes and a restaurant were added, as well as upgrading the facility in general. A new video scoreboard was added in 2015. The arena hosted the 2005 OHL All-Star Classic.
Capacity = 3000 seated
Ice size = 200' x 85'

The Bayshore Community Centre is also home to  the Owen Sound Rams of the OLA Junior B Lacrosse League, and the Owen Sound Woodsmen of the OLA Senior B Lacrosse League.

See also
List of ice hockey teams in Ontario

References

External links

Owen Sound Atack official website
Ontario Hockey League official website
Canadian Hockey League official website

Ontario Hockey League teams
Sport in Owen Sound
Ice hockey clubs established in 2000
2000 establishments in Ontario

Owen Sound Attack


William Fleetwood (-) est un prédicateur anglais, évêque de St Asaph et évêque d'Ely, connu par les économistes et les statisticiens pour avoir construit un indice des prix dans son Chronicon Preciosum de 1707.

Biographie

Fleetwood descend d'une ancienne famille du Lancashire et nait dans la tour de Londres le jour de l'an 1656. Il fait ses études au Collège d'Eton et au King's College de Cambridge. Vers l'époque de la Glorieuse Révolution, il reçoit les ordres et est nommé peu après recteur de St Austin's, à Londres, et lecteur de St Dunstan's, dans l'Ouest. Il devient chanoine de Windsor en 1702, et en 1708 il est nommé au siège de St Asaph, d'où il est transféré en 1714 à celui d'Ely. Il meurt à Tottenham, Middlesex, le 4 août 1723.

Fleetwood est considéré comme l'un des meilleurs prédicateurs de son temps. Il est précis dans l'apprentissage et efficace dans la livraison. Dans l'administration épiscopale, il surpasse de loin la plupart de ses contemporains. C'est un Hanovrien zélé et un favori de la reine Anne malgré son whiggisme. Son opposition à la doctrine de la non-résistance le met en conflit avec le ministère conservateur de 1712 et avec Swift, mais il n'entre jamais dans une polémique personnelle.

Ses principaux écrits sont An Essay on Miracles (1701); Chronicum preciosum (un compte rendu de la monnaie anglaise, 1707); et Free Sermons (1712), contenant des discours sur la mort de la reine Mary, du duc de Gloucester et du roi William. La préface de ce dernier est condamnée à être brulée par le Parlement, mais, comme le n° 384 du Spectateur, circule plus largement que jamais. Une édition complète de ses œuvres, avec une préface biographique, est publiée en 1737. Son mémorial par les maçons monumentaux Edward Stanton (sculpteur) et Christopher Horsnaile se trouve dans l'allée nord du chœur de la cathédrale d'Ely .

Chronique Preciosum
Dans le Chronicon Preciosum (publié de manière anonyme), Fleetwood demande combien coûteraient 5 £ en 1440 aujourd'hui ? La question (le cas) se pose parce qu'un correspondant perdrait la bourse d'un collège d'Oxford s'il avait un revenu extérieur supérieur à 5 £; le statut du collège ayant été composé en 1440. Fleetwood montre combien de pain, de boisson, de viande, de tissu et de livres pouvaient être achetés aux dates précédentes et ultérieures. Il compile l'évolution des prix de nombreux produits de base et note que la plupart des prix augmentent au même rythme. Il conclut que 5 £ au  valent 28 £ ou 30 £ au début du .

Adam Smith utilise certaines des données de Fleetwood dans The Wealth of Nations (1776), mais n'a pas développé - ni même adopté - l'idée de comparer le pouvoir d'achat à différentes dates. L'admiration pour le travail de Fleetwood et les efforts pour s'en inspirer ne sont venus qu'au . Pour Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, le Chronicon Preciosum est "le plus ancien et l'un des meilleurs traités sur les nombres index".

Les sermons de Fleetwood traitent souvent de sujets d'intérêt économique. Par exemple, son sermon contre la coupure (des pièces d'or), prononcé devant le Lord Maire de Londres, explique la fonction de l'argent et les « méfaits de la corruption et de l'avilissement de l'argent ». Il publie son sermon sur le paiement des dettes pendant la panique des mers du Sud.

Fleetwood semble avoir été un chrétien pratique et, d'après le récit de sa vie, un évêque très politique.

Écrits économiques

 A Sermon against Clipping (Londres, 1694)
 Chronicon Preciosum: or An Account of English Money, the Price of Corn and Other Commodities, for the Last 600 Years (Londres, 1707) L'ouvrage est apparu dans ses œuvres complètes de 1737 et a été réédité en 1745 avec un titre plus long et sous le nom de l'auteur Nom.
 La justice du paiement des dettes (1718)

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

 Chronicon Preciosum du site de Paulette Taieb
 Œuvres de William Fleetwood

Économiste du XVIIIe siècle
Statisticien anglais
Économiste anglais
Évêque de St Asaph
Évêque d'Ely
Étudiant de King's College (Cambridge)
Élève du collège d'Eton
Décès en août 1723
Naissance en janvier 1656
Décès à 67 ans

William Fleetwood


Composition VIII est un tableau réalisé par Vassily Kandinsky en 1923. Cette œuvre est conservée au musée Solomon R. Guggenheim à New York. Elle était considérée par l'artiste comme l'apogée de sa production d'après-guerre.

Réalisée lors de la période d'intense production que fut le professorat de Kandinsky au Bauhaus, la Composition VIII est représentative de sa théorie d'associations perceptives des couleurs et des formes géométriques. Elle fait partie du corpus réduit de dix tableaux nommés Compositions, un terme réservé par l'artiste à quelques-unes de ses œuvres les plus élaborées et les plus longuement travaillées.

Ce tableau ouvre la collection d'art non objectif de Solomon R. Guggenheim. En 1929, sur les conseils de sa directrice artistique Hilla Rebay, il est le premier des tableaux de Kandinsky achetés par le collectionneur.

Expositions

 Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou, 1984-1985.
 Kandinsky: Compositions, Museum of Modern Art, 1995.
 Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou, 2009.
 Kandinsky, Musée Guggenheim Bilbao, 2020-2021.
 Vasily Kandinsky: Around the Circle, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 2021-2022.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Tableau de Vassily Kandinsky
Tableau réalisé en 1923
Œuvre conservée au musée Solomon-R.-Guggenheim

Composition VIII


Telegram media grupa je hrvatski informativni internetski nakladnik. Osnovan kao Adriatic Media d.o.o., od kolovozu 2015. godine uzima sadašnji naziv.

Po vlastitoj tvrdnji, "Telegram Media Grupa najveći je digital-only izdavač u Hrvatskoj, s 1,2 milijuna jedinstvenih korisnika mjesečno, apsolutno fokusirana na produkciju digitalnog sadržaja i kampanja, i pričanju najboljih priča po svim digitalnim kanalima"

Izdanja:
 Telegram (www.telegram.hr), glavna urednica: Jelena Valentić
 Telesport (Telesport), glavni urednik: Aleksandar Holiga
 Super1 (Super1), urednica: Veronika Švob

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica

Hrvatske tvrtke

Telegram media grupa


The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack is the 1968 debut album by the English psychedelic rock and progressive rock group the Nice.

Background
The name Emerlist Davjack is a portmanteau created by combining the last names of the four members of the group; Keith Emerson, [[David O'List|David OList]], Brian Davison and Lee Jackson. The original disc credits all compositions to "Emerlist Davjack"; later releases gave more specific credits. According to O'List, Mick Jagger was originally planned to produce the album, but was unable to do so. Engineering duties were undertaken by Glyn Johns, who contributed echo effects to "Flower King Of Flies", also sung by O'List.

The album was primarily composed of psychedelic pop typical of the period ("Flower King of Flies"," Tantalising Maggie", "The Cry of Eugene"), with Keith Emerson contributing layers of keyboards (piano, organ, harpsichord) and occasionally adding in quotes from well-known classical pieces. There are also two lengthy acid-rock instrumental jams, "Rondo" and "War And Peace", which point in the group's future progressive rock direction; on these, Emerson incorporates glissandos, feedback, and pitch-bending into his Hammond organ solos as he had  on stage.

At the 1967 Windsor Jazz & Blues Festival, lead singer Jackson said the song "Flower King of Flies" was about Paul McCartney. "The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack" was used as incidental music for the 1968 children's television drama "The Tyrant King", directed by Mike Hodges and written by Trevor Preston for Thames Television, from the London Transport book by Aylmer Hall. The 6-part series also featured music by the Rolling Stones, the Moody Blues and Pink Floyd. The title track was released as the album's lead single in November 1967 along with the non-LP B-side "Azrial (Angel of Death)", although it failed to chart.

"Rondo" is based around an extended quote and re-harmonization of the Dave Brubeck Quartet's "Blue Rondo à la Turk", adapted from 9/8 to 4/4 time, while the organ solo includes a short excerpt from Johann Sebastian Bach's Toccata & Fugue in D Minor. "War and Peace" also contains a quote from Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 in G Major, which would be more fully developed on the following album's "Brandenburger". "The Cry of Eugene", which was later re-recorded by Jackson's group Jackson Heights, refers to "Harlequin & Columbine"  and features trumpet work from guitarist Davy O'List. This would be the only Nice album to feature O'List.

The album was promoted by a sampler (featured on the Castle Communications 2000 box set "Here Come The Nice" (CMETD 055-1)) featuring a commentary by John Peel, which included the following comments:1967 was a strange year for pop music with groups experimenting with new sounds and bouncing on and off bandwagons with dizzying speed and agility. They were calling themselves ridiculous names and regretting it shortly. The Nice came together in a void and will be here when the others are in pantomime in Wolverhampton.

Alternate mixes of six of the album's songs would be included on the 1972 compilation Autumn '67 - Spring '68, with longer running times on several.

The cover, photographed by Gered Mankowitz, shows members of the band shirtless, wrapped in cellophane.

Legacy

The album was named as one of Classic Rock magazines "50 Albums That Built Prog Rock". The adaptation of "Rondo" proved highly influential on many prog keyboardists to come, with Tony Banks noting that the Genesis song "The Knife" was based around a similar organ motif after seeing The Nice play it at The Marquee. "Rondo" would remain a signature piece and encore in Nice, ELP and Keith Emerson Band concerts until Emerson's passing in 2016.

Track listing
Side one
"Flower King of Flies" (Keith Emerson, Lee Jackson) – 3:19
"The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack"  (Emerson, David O'List) – 2:49
"Bonnie K" (Jackson, O'List) – 3:24
"Rondo" (Dave Brubeck, Emerson, O'List, Brian Davison, Jackson) – 8:22

Side two
"War and Peace" (Emerson, O'List, Davison, Jackson) – 5:13
"Tantalising Maggie" (Emerson, Jackson) – 4:35
"Dawn" (Davison, Emerson, Jackson) – 5:17
"The Cry of Eugene" (Emerson, Jackson, O'List) – 4:36

Bonus tracks on 1999 Repertoire reissue
"The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack" (single version) (Emerson, O'List) – 2:48
"Azrial (Angel of Death)" (Emerson, Jackson) – 3:44
"America" [instrumental] (Leonard Bernstein, Stephen Sondheim, Emerlist Davjack) – 6:18
"The Diamond Hard Blue Apples of the Moon" (Davison, Jackson) – 2:47
"America" (US Single Edit) (Bernstein, Sondheim, Emerlist Davjack) – 3:55

Bonus tracks on 2003 Castle Music Deluxe Edition
"Promo 7″ Sampler For Album" – 5:15
"Azrial (Angel Of Death)" – 3:43
"The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack" (mono single) – 2:47
"The Diamond Hard Blue Apples Of The Moon" – 2:46
"America/Second Amendment" – 6:19

CD 2
"Flower King Of Flies" (alt. Autumn 67 version/mix) – 3:35
"Bonnie K" (alt. Autumn '67 version) – 3:19
"Dawn" (alt. Autumn '67 version) – 5:04
"Tantalising Maggie" (alt. version) – 4:22
"The Cry of Eugene" (alt. Autumn '67 version) – 4:30
"The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack" (ext. alt. Autumn '67 version) – 4:12
"Daddy, Where Did I Come From?" (alt. version) – 2:46
"America Second Amendment" (alt. Stereo version) – 6:14
"Sombrero Sam" (BBC session, October 26, 1967) – 3:32
"Get to You" (BBC session, June 16, 1968) – 3:40
"The Diamond Hard Blue Apples of the Moon" (BBC session, June 16, 1968) – 2:55
"Brandenburger" (BBC session, June 16, 1968) – 3:49
"Little Arabella (And Sorcery)" (BBC session, June 16, 1968) – 3:39

Bonus tracks on 2004 Fuel 2000 reissue
"The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack" (extended version) – 4:12
"Flower King of Flies" (alt. version) – 3:36
"Azrael (Angel of Death)" (single B =-side) – 3:43
"America" (single version) – 6:06
"America/Second Amendment" (ext. version) – 6:23
"Diamond-Hard Blue Apples of the Moon" (single B-side) – 2:45
"Daddy, Where Did I Come From?" (early version) – 2:46
Note: tracks #12 & 13 are reversed from label order, with track #12 running 6:18 and track # 13 running 6:06

Personnel
Source:

The Nice
Keith Emerson – organ, piano, harpsichord, vocals
Lee Jackson – bass, guitar, vocals, timpani
David O'List – guitar, trumpet, vocals (lead vocals on "Flower King of Flies")
Brian Davison – drums, tubular bells, timpani
with:
Billy Nicholls – uncredited harmony vocals on "Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack"

Technical
Derek Burton and Gered Mankowitz – cover design

References

External links

1968 debut albums
The Nice albums
Immediate Records albums

The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack


فارمان للطائرات  هي شركة فرنسية سابقة متخصصة في إنتاج الطائرات. أسس الشركة وأدارها الأخوان هنري وموريس فارمان. صمم الأخوان وأنتجا طائرات منذ 1908 إلى 1936؛ خلال فترة تأميم فرنسا وتحجيم صناعة الطائرات، أسندت أصول الشركة إلى «الشركة الوطنية للعمليات السلكية واللاسلكية».

عام 1941 قام الأخوان فارمان بإعادة تكوين الشركة تحت اسم "Société Anonyme des Usines Farman"، إلا أنه بعد ثلاث سنوات سيطر عليها الإقليم الجنوبي الغربي. مارسيل فارمان -ابن موريس- أعاد إحياء الشركة عام 1952, لكن مجهوداته باءت بالفشل وتم حل الشركة عام 1956.

الأخوان فارمان قاما ببناء أكثر من 200 طائرة في الفترة من 1908 إلي 1941.

بالإضافة إلى ذلك، صنعت الشركة «فارمان للطائرات» قوارب من 1921 حتى 1930.

الطائرات

مراجع

شركات أسست في 1908
شركات صناعة طائرات سابقة في فرنسا

فارمان للطائرات


තල්අරඹ ,  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිහිටි ගමකි. එය දකුණු පළාතේ මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය පිහිටා ඇත.

පාසල්
තල්අරඹ ශ්‍රී ඉන්ද්‍රසාර මහා විද්‍යාලය
තල්අරඹ නැගෙනහිර ප්‍රාථමික විදුහල

මේවාත් බලන්න
කඹුරුගමුව

මිරිස්ස

බාහිර සබැදි
ඩිපාර්ටිමන්ට් ඔෆ් සෙන්සස් ඇනිඩ් ස්ටැටිස්ටික්ස් -ශ්‍රී ලංකා
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන
මාතර

තල්අරඹ


Touch (deutsch: Berührung) ist eine US-amerikanische Mystery-Fernsehserie, die vom Heroes–Schöpfer Tim Kring entwickelt und von 20th Century Fox Television, einem Tochterunternehmen von 20th Century Fox, für den US-Sender Fox produziert wurde. Sie handelt von Martin Bohm, dessen autistischer Sohn Jake offenbar die Zukunft vorhersagen kann. Die Pilotfolge wurde am 25. Januar 2012 als Preview auf Fox ausgestrahlt. Die regelmäßige Ausstrahlung begann am 22. März 2012. Die deutschsprachige Erstausstrahlung der Pilotfolge erfolgte am 27. Februar 2012 beim deutschen frei empfangbaren Fernsehsender ProSieben, sowie beim österreichischen Sender ORF eins.

Handlung
Der Zeitungsreporter Martin Bohm war einst erfolgreich, bis seine Frau bei den Terroranschlägen am 11. September 2001 in einem der Türme des World Trade Centers ums Leben kam. Seitdem besteht seine Aufgabe darin, sich um seinen autistischen Sohn Jake zu kümmern. Martin scheitert nicht nur daran, mit seinem Sohn zu kommunizieren, sondern ist auch mit dessen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten überfordert. Schon bald wird die Jugendschutzbehörde eingeschaltet. Clea Hopkins ist der Meinung, dass es am besten wäre, wenn Jake in ein Heim käme. Martin sieht dies anders, denn ihm ist aufgefallen, dass sein Sohn dreimal hintereinander zur gleichen Zeit von der Schule weggelaufen ist, um auf einen Sendeturm zu klettern. Ihm wird klar, dass Jake die Zukunft vorhersagen kann. Unterstützung erhält er durch Arthur Teller, einen Fachmann für Kinder mit ungewöhnlichen Begabungen.

Figuren
 Martin Bohm Martin ist ein ehemaliger Journalist und nun Gepäckträger. Bei den Terroranschlägen am 11. September 2001 hat er seine Frau verloren und muss sich nun alleine um seinen autistischen Sohn Jake kümmern.

 Jacob "Jake" Bohm Jake ist Martins elfjähriger autistischer Sohn. Er spricht nicht, ist von Zahlen besessen und kann zukünftige Ereignisse vorhersagen.

 Professor Arthur Teller Arthur ist ein Experte für Kinder, die eine besondere Gabe für Zahlen haben. Er unterstützt Martin.

 Clea Hopkins Clea ist eine Sozialarbeiterin, die sich von der Lebenssituation der Bohms überzeugen muss.

 Amelia Robbins Amelia ist ein Mädchen, das wie Jake die Zukunft voraussagen kann. Weil verschiedene Leute ihre Fähigkeiten für ihre Pläne nutzen wollen, hat man ihren Tod vorgetäuscht.

 Lucy Robbins Lucy ist die Mutter von Amelia. Sie hat nie daran geglaubt, dass ihre Tochter tot ist, und nie aufgehört, sie zu suchen. Martin Bohm und Jake helfen ihr dabei.

Produktion
Der Sender Fox kündigte bereits im Sommer 2011 eine neue Serie von dem Heroes-Schöpfer Tim Kring mit Kiefer Sutherland in einer der Hauptrollen an. Neben Sutherland wurden der Nachwuchsschauspieler David Mazouz als Jake – der autistische Sohn der Rolle Sutherlands –  sowie Gugu Mbatha-Raw als Sozialarbeiterin Clea Hopkins besetzt. Bereits im Oktober 2011 gab der Sender Fox grünes Licht für die Serie und orderte vorerst dreizehn Episoden.

Schon wenige Tage später wurde der erste offizielle Trailer zur Serie veröffentlicht. Des Weiteren wurde Roxana Brusso für eine wiederkehrende Rolle gecastet.

Im Zuge weiterer Programmentscheidungen gab Fox im Mai 2012 die Verlängerung der Serie um eine zweite Staffel bekannt, wobei die bestellte Anzahl an Episoden nicht genannt wurde. Für die zweite Staffel wurde Maria Bello in die Hauptbesetzung mit aufgenommen. Am 2. August 2012 wurde bekannt, dass Lukas Haas eine Hauptrolle in der zweiten Staffel erhalten hat. Des Weiteren gehört Gugu Mbatha-Raw nicht länger zur Stammbesetzung. Mitte August stieß Saïd Taghmaoui als neuer Hauptdarsteller zur Serie. Im Mai 2013 wurde bekannt, dass Fox die Serie nach der zweiten Staffel beendet.

Besetzung und Synchronisation
Die deutsche Synchronisation entsteht nach einem Dialogbuch von Martin Keßler und unter der Dialogregie von Ralph Beckmann durch die Synchronfirma Arena Synchron in Berlin.

Ausstrahlung
 Vereinigte Staaten
Nachdem Touch im Oktober 2011 offiziell als Serie bestellt wurde, gab der Sender einen Starttermin im Frühjahr 2012 bekannt. So wurde die Pilotfolge schließlich am 25. Januar 2012 als Preview gleich im Anschluss an eine Ausgabe der Musikshow American Idol gezeigt. Dabei wurde sie von insgesamt knapp über 12 Millionen US-Amerikanern gesehen und erreichte so ein Rating von 3,9 in der werberelevanten Zielgruppe. Der offizielle Serienstart war der 22. März 2012. Zum Finale der ersten Staffel am 31. Mai 2012 wurden zwei Episoden am Stück gezeigt. Am 14. September 2012 wurde die zuvor ausgelassene dreizehnte Episode der ersten Staffel gezeigt. Die Ausstrahlung der zweiten Staffel sollte ursprünglich ab dem 26. Oktober 2012 und dann ab Januar 2013 stattfinden, wurde dann aber auf den 8. Februar 2013 verschoben. Das zweite Staffelfinale, was auch das Serienfinale darstellt, wurde am 10. Mai 2013 gezeigt.

 Deutschland
In Deutschland hatte sich die ProSiebenSat.1 Media die Ausstrahlungsrechte gesichert und entschlossen, sie auf dem Sender ProSieben auszustrahlen. So wurde die Pilotfolge beim Sender am 27. Februar 2012 – als Vorschau hinter der Premiere der ebenfalls beim US-Sender Fox angesiedelten Serie Terra Nova – gezeigt. Die restlichen Episoden liefen seit dem 26. März 2012 jeden Montag um 21:10 Uhr. Am 9. Mai 2012 gab ProSieben bekannt, dass die Serie aufgrund geringer Einschaltquoten nicht mehr in der Hauptsendezeit zu sehen sein wird und die restlichen Folgen im Nachtprogramm des Senders ausgestrahlt werden. Im Durchschnitt verfolgten 1,05 Millionen Menschen die erste Staffel. In der Zielgruppe erreichte man 0,74 Millionen Zuschauer. Am 19. Dezember 2015 wurde die letzte Episode aus Staffel 1 gezeigt, und im Anschluss die zweite Staffel auf dem Pay-TV-Sender ProSieben Fun in deutschsprachiger Erstausstrahlung begonnen.

 Österreich
In Österreich zeigte der ORF eins die erste Folge zusammen mit ProSieben am 27. Februar 2012 als Vorschau. Ab dem 26. März 2012 wurde die Serie als deutschsprachige Erstausstrahlung auf ORF eins gesendet.

Episodenliste

Übersicht

Staffel 1

Staffel 2

Kritik
Der Spiegel bewertet den Pilotfilm als "Eine abstruse Story – mit genialen Momenten."

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website des Senders Fox.
 Touch. Fernsehserien.de

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehserie (Vereinigte Staaten)
Fernsehserie der 2010er Jahre
Mystery-Fernsehserie
Fernsehserie (Fox Broadcasting Company)

Touch (Fernsehserie)


An Dactylorhiza hatagirea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni David Don, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Károly Rezsö Soó von Bere. An Dactylorhiza hatagirea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dactylorhiza, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dactylorhiza

Dactylorhiza hatagirea


1-2-Switch er et multiplayerspil, der er udviklet af Nintendo til Nintendo Switch. Spillet indeholder 28 minispil designet til at demonstrere funktionerne i Joy-Con-håndkontrollerne og blev givet ud den 3. marts 2017, samme dato som Nintendo Switch blev lanceret.

1-2-Switch gør aktiv brug af bevægelsesfølsomheden, vibreringsfunktionen og IR-kameraet i Joy-Con-håndkontrollerne. I spillet opfordres spillerne til at se på hinanden i stedet for skærmen, og handle i overensstemmelse med lydeffekterne samt modspillerens reaktioner.

Minispil
1-2-Switch indeholder 28 forskellige minispil hvoraf de fleste kræver to deltagere. Minispillene består af følgende:

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside

Computerspil fra 2017
Nintendo Switch-spil

1-2-Switch


Disco Destroyer osmi je studijski album njemačkog thrash metal sastava Tankard. Album je objavljen 12. ožujka 1998. godine, a objavila ga je diskografska kuća Century Media Records.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Tankard
Andreas "Gerre" Geremia — vokali
Frank Thorwarth — bas-gitara
Andy Bulgaropulos — gitara
Olaf Zissel — bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
Martin Christian — prateći vokali
Markus Corby — prateći vokali
Ostalo osoblje
Alexander von Wieding — omot albuma
Harris Johns — produciranje, miksanje, inženjer zvuka
Andy Boulgaropoulos — miksanje, inženjer zvuka
Thorsten Jansen — fotografija

Izvori

Albumi iz 1998.
Albumi sastava Tankard

Disco Destroyer


Kosmos 991, sovjetski vojni navigacijski i komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Parus.

Lansiran je 28. veljače 1978. godine u 06:43 s kozmodroma Pljesecka, s mjesta 132/2. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Kosmos-3M 11K65M. Orbita mu je 951 km u perigeju i 1007 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 82,99°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 10692. COSPARova oznaka je 1978-022A. Zemlju obilazi u 104,67 minuta.

Iz misije je ostao još jedan dio koji je ostao kružiti u niskoj orbiti.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. 1978 год. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page Parus (GLONASS-M, 11F627) (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz lansiranja (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 991


The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071). The name Rûm was a synonym for the medieval Eastern Roman Empire and its peoples, as it remains in modern Turkish. The name is derived from the Aramaic (rhπmÈ) and Parthian (frwm) names for ancient Rome, itself ultimately a loan from Greek  (Romaioi).

The Sultanate of Rûm seceded from the Great Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn Qutalmish in 1077, just six years after the Byzantine provinces of central Anatolia were conquered at the Battle of Manzikert (1071). It had its capital first at Nicaea and then at Iconium. It reached the height of its power during the late 12th and early 13th century, when it succeeded in taking key Byzantine ports on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. In the east, the sultanate reached Lake Van. Trade through Anatolia from Iran and Central Asia was developed by a system of caravanserai. Especially strong trade ties with the Genoese formed during this period. The increased wealth allowed the sultanate to absorb other Turkish states that had been established following the conquest of Byzantine Anatolia: Danishmendids, House of Mengüjek, Saltukids, Artuqids.

The Seljuk sultans bore the brunt of the Crusades and eventually succumbed to the Mongol invasion at the 1243 Battle of Köse Dağ. For the remainder of the 13th century, the Seljuks acted as vassals of the Ilkhanate. Their power disintegrated during the second half of the 13th century. The last of the Seljuk vassal sultans of the Ilkhanate, Mesud II, was murdered in 1308. The dissolution of the Seljuk state left behind many small Anatolian beyliks (Turkish principalities), among them that of the Ottoman dynasty, which eventually conquered the rest and reunited Anatolia to become the Ottoman Empire.

History

Establishment
Since the 1030s, migratory Turkish groups in search of pastureland had penetrated Byzantine borders into Anatolia. In the 1070s, after the battle of Manzikert, the Seljuk commander Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, a distant cousin of Alp Arslan and a former contender for the throne of the Seljuk Empire, came to power in western Anatolia. Between 1075 and 1081, he gained control of the Byzantine cities of Nicaea (present-day İznik) and briefly also Nicomedia (present-day İzmit). Around two years later, he established a principality that, while initially a Byzantine vassal state, became increasingly independent after six to ten years. Nevertheless, it seems that Suleiman was tasked by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1085 to reconquer Antioch and the former travelled there on a secret route, presumably guided by the Byzantines.

Suleiman tried, unsuccessfully, to conquer Aleppo in 1086, and died in the Battle of Ain Salm, either fighting his enemies or by suicide. In the aftermath, Suleiman's son Kilij Arslan I was imprisoned and a general of his, Abu'l-Qasim, took power in Nicaea. Following the death of sultan Malik Shah in 1092, Kilij Arslan was released and established himself in his father's territories between 1092 and 1094, possibly with the approval of Malik Shah's son and successor Berkyaruq.

Crusades
Kilij Arslan, although victorious in the People's Crusade of 1096, was defeated by soldiers of the First Crusade and driven back into south-central Anatolia, where he set up his state with its capital in Konya. He defeated three Crusade contingents in the Crusade of 1101. In 1107, he ventured east and captured Mosul but died the same year fighting Malik Shah's son, Mehmed Tapar. He was the first Muslim commander against the crusades.

Meanwhile, another Rum Seljuk, Malik Shah (not to be confused with the Seljuk sultan of the same name), captured Konya. In 1116 Kilij Arslan's son, Mesud I, took the city with the help of the Danishmends. Upon Mesud's death in 1156, the sultanate controlled nearly all of central Anatolia.

The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III, and was the first of the crusades to be led by European kings, namely Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, with help from a number of other European nobles. The armies of the two kings marched separately across Europe. After crossing Byzantine territory into Anatolia, both armies were separately defeated by the Seljuk Turks. The main Western Christian source, Odo of Deuil, and Syriac Christian sources claim that the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos secretly hindered the crusaders' progress, particularly in Anatolia, where he is alleged to have deliberately ordered Turks to attack them. However, this alleged sabotage of the Crusade by the Byzantines was likely fabricated by Odo, who saw the Empire as an obstacle, and moreover Emperor Manuel had no political reason to do so. Louis and Conrad and the remnants of their armies reached Jerusalem and participated in 1148 in an ill-advised attack on Damascus, which ended in their retreat. In the end, the crusade in the east was a failure for the crusaders and a victory for the Muslims. It would ultimately have a key influence on the fall of Jerusalem and give rise to the Third Crusade at the end of the 12th

Mesud's son, Kilij Arslan II, is the first known Seljuk ruler who is known to have used the title of sultan and captured the remaining territories around Sivas and Malatya from the last of the Danishmends. At the Battle of Myriokephalon in 1176, Kilij Arslan II also defeated a Byzantine army led by Manuel I Komnenos. Despite a temporary occupation of Konya in 1190 by the Holy Roman Empire's forces of the Third Crusade, the sultanate was quick to recover and consolidate its power. During the last years of Kilij Arslan II's reign, the sultanate experienced a civil war with Kaykhusraw I fighting to retain control and losing to his brother Suleiman II in 1196.

Suleiman II rallied his vassal emirs and marched against Georgia, with an army of 150,000-400,000 and encamped in the Basiani valley. Tamar of Georgia quickly marshaled an army throughout her possessions and put it under command of her consort, David Soslan. Georgian troops under David Soslan made a sudden advance into Basiani and assailed the enemy's camp in 1203 or 1204. In a pitched battle, the Seljukid forces managed to roll back several attacks of the Georgians but were eventually overwhelmed and defeated. Loss of the sultan's banner to the Georgians resulted in a panic within the Seljuk ranks. Süleymanshah himself was wounded and withdrew to Erzurum. Both the Rum Seljuk and Georgian armies suffered heavy casualties, but coordinated flanking attacks won the battle for the Georgians.

Suleiman II died in 1204 and was succeeded by his son Kilij Arslan III, whose reign was unpopular. Kaykhusraw I seized Konya in 1205 reestablishing his reign. Under his rule and those of his two successors, Kaykaus I and Kayqubad I, Seljuk power in Anatolia reached its apogee. Kaykhusraw's most important achievement was the capture of the harbour of Attalia (Antalya) on the Mediterranean coast in 1207. His son Kaykaus captured Sinop and made the Empire of Trebizond his vassal in 1214. He also subjugated Cilician Armenia but in 1218 was forced to surrender the city of Aleppo, acquired from al-Kamil. Kayqubad continued to acquire lands along the Mediterranean coast from 1221 to 1225.

In the 1220s, he sent an expeditionary force across the Black Sea to Crimea. In the east he defeated the Mengujekids and began to put pressure on the Artuqids.

Mongol conquest
Kaykhusraw II (1237–1246) began his reign by capturing the region around Diyarbakır, but in 1239 he had to face an uprising led by a popular preacher named Baba Ishak. After three years, when he had finally quelled the revolt, the Crimean foothold was lost and the state and the sultanate's army had weakened. It is in these conditions that he had to face a far more dangerous threat, that of the expanding Mongols. The forces of the Mongol Empire took Erzurum in 1242 and in 1243, the sultan was crushed by Baiju in the Battle of Köse Dağ (a mountain between the cities of Sivas and Erzincan), and the Seljuk Turks were forced to swear allegiance to the Mongols and became their vassals. The sultan himself had fled to Antalya after the 1243 battle, where he died in 1246, his death starting a period of tripartite, and then dual, rule that lasted until 1260.

The Seljuk realm was divided among Kaykhusraw's three sons. The eldest, Kaykaus II (1246–1260), assumed the rule in the area west of the river Kızılırmak. His younger brothers, Kilij Arslan IV (1248–1265) and Kayqubad II (1249–1257), were set to rule the regions east of the river under Mongol administration. In October 1256, Bayju defeated Kaykaus II near Aksaray and all of Anatolia became officially subject to Möngke Khan. In 1260 Kaykaus II fled from Konya to Crimea where he died in 1279. Kilij Arslan IV was executed in 1265, and Kaykhusraw III (1265–1284) became the nominal ruler of all of Anatolia, with the tangible power exercised either by the Mongols or the sultan's influential regents.

Disintegration

The Seljuk state had started to split into small emirates (beyliks) that increasingly distanced themselves from both Mongol and Seljuk control. In 1277, responding to a call from Anatolia, the Mamluk Sultan Baibars raided Anatolia and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Elbistan, temporarily replacing them as the administrator of the Seljuk realm. But since the native forces who had called him to Anatolia did not manifest themselves for the defense of the land, he had to return to his home base in Egypt, and the Mongol administration was re-assumed, officially and severely. Also, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia captured the Mediterranean coast from Selinos to Seleucia, as well as the cities of Marash and Behisni, from the Seljuk in the 1240s.

Near the end of his reign, Kaykhusraw III could claim direct sovereignty only over lands around Konya. Some of the beyliks (including the early Ottoman state) and Seljuk governors of Anatolia continued to recognize, albeit nominally, the supremacy of the sultan in Konya, delivering the khutbah in the name of the sultans in Konya in recognition of their sovereignty, and the sultans continued to call themselves Fahreddin, the Pride of Islam. When Kaykhusraw III was executed in 1284, the Seljuk dynasty suffered another blow from internal struggles which lasted until 1303 when the son of Kaykaus II, Mesud II, established himself as sultan in Kayseri. He was murdered in 1308 and his son Mesud III soon afterwards. A distant relative to the Seljuk dynasty momentarily installed himself as emir of Konya, but he was defeated and his lands conquered by the Karamanids in 1328. The sultanate's monetary sphere of influence lasted slightly longer and coins of Seljuk mint, generally considered to be of reliable value, continued to be used throughout the 14th century, once again, including by the Ottomans.

Culture and society

The Seljuk dynasty of Rum, as successors to the Great Seljuks, based its political, religious and cultural heritage on the Perso-Islamic tradition and Greco-Roman tradition, even to the point of naming their sons with Persian names. As an expression of Turko-Persian culture, Rum Seljuks patronized Persian art, architecture, and literature. Unlike the Seljuk Empire, the Seljuk sultans of Rum had Persian names such as Kay-Khusraw, Kay-Qubadh and Kay-Ka'us. The bureaucrats and religious elite of their realm was of Persian stock. In the 13th-century, the majority of the Muslim inhabitants in major Anatolian urban hubs reportedly spoke Persian as their main language. It was in this century that the proneness of imitating Iran in terms of administration, religion and culture reached its zenith, resulting in the creation of a "second Iran" in Anatolia.

Despite their Turkic origins, the Seljuks used Persian for administrative purposes, even their histories, which replaced Arabic, were in Persian. Their usage of Turkish was hardly promoted at all. Even Sultan Kilij Arslan II, as a child, spoke to courtiers in Persian. Khanbaghi states the Anatolian Seljuks were even more Persianized than the Seljuks that ruled the Iranian plateau. The Rahat al-sudur, the history of the Great Seljuk Empire and its breakup, written in Persian by Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi, was dedicated to Sultan Kaykhusraw I. Even the Tārikh-i Āl-i Saldjūq, an anonymous history of the Sultanate of Rum, was written in Persian.

One of its most famous Persian writers, Rumi, took his name from the name of the state. Moreover, Byzantine influence in the Sultanate was also significant, since Byzantine Greek aristocracy remained part of the Seljuk nobility, and the native Byzantine (Rûm) peasants remained numerous in the region. Cultural Turkification in Anatolia first started during the 14th-century, particularly during the gradual rise of the Ottomans.

In their construction of caravanserais, madrasas and mosques, the Rum Seljuks translated the Iranian Seljuk architecture of bricks and plaster into the use of stone. Among these, the caravanserais (or hans), used as stops, trading posts and defense for caravans, and of which about a hundred structures were built during the Anatolian Seljuk period, are particularly remarkable. Along with Persian influences, which had an indisputable effect, Seljuk architecture was inspired by local Byzantine (Rûm) architects, for example the Gök Medrese (Sivas), and by Armenians. As such, Anatolian architecture represents some of the most distinctive and impressive constructions in the entire history of Islamic architecture. Later, this Anatolian architecture would be inherited by the Sultanate of India.

The largest caravanserai is the Sultan Han (built in 1229) on the road between the cities of Konya and Aksaray, in the township of Sultanhanı, covering . There are two caravanserais that carry the name "Sultan Han", the other one being between Kayseri and Sivas. Furthermore, apart from Sultanhanı, five other towns across Turkey owe their names to caravanserais built there. These are Alacahan in Kangal, Durağan, Hekimhan and Kadınhanı, as well as the township of Akhan within the Denizli metropolitan area. The caravanserai of Hekimhan is unique in having, underneath the usual inscription in Arabic with information relating to the edifice, two further inscriptions in Armenian and Syriac, since it was constructed by the sultan Kayqubad I's doctor (hekim) who is thought to have been a former Christian who converted to Islam. There are other particular cases like the settlement in Kalehisar (contiguous to an ancient Hittite site) near Alaca, founded by the Seljuk commander Hüsameddin Temurlu, who had taken refuge in the region after the defeat in the Battle of Köse Dağ and had founded a township comprising a castle, a madrasa, a habitation zone and a caravanserai, which were later abandoned apparently around the 16th century. All but the caravanserai, which remains undiscovered, was explored in the 1960s by the art historian Oktay Aslanapa, and the finds as well as a number of documents attest to the existence of a vivid settlement in the site, such as a 1463 Ottoman firman which instructs the headmaster of the madrasa to lodge not in the school but in the caravanserai.

The Seljuk palaces, as well as their armies, were staffed with ghulams (plural ghilmân, ), enslaved youths taken from non-Muslim communities, mainly Greeks from former Byzantine territories. The practice of keeping ghulams may have offered a model for the later devşirme during the time of the Ottoman Empire.

Dynasty

As regards the names of the sultans, there are variants in form and spelling depending on the preferences displayed by one source or the other, either for fidelity in transliterating the Persian variant of the Arabic script which the sultans used, or for a rendering corresponding to the modern Turkish phonology and orthography. Some sultans had two names that they chose to use alternatively in reference to their legacy. While the two palaces built by Alaeddin Keykubad I carry the names Kubadabad Palace and Keykubadiye Palace, he named his mosque in Konya as Alâeddin Mosque and the port city of Alanya he had captured as "Alaiye". Similarly, the medrese built by Kaykhusraw I in Kayseri, within the complex (külliye) dedicated to his sister Gevher Nesibe, was named Gıyasiye Medrese, and the one built by Kaykaus I in Sivas as Izzediye Medrese.

See also
Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
Babai Revolt
Byzantine–Seljuk Wars
List of battles involving the Seljuk Empire
Rûm Province, Ottoman Empire

Notes

Footnotes

References

Sources

82

External links

States and territories established in 1077
1308 disestablishments in Asia
History of Konya Province
1077 establishments in Asia
Former sultanates
Vassal and tributary states of the Mongol Empire
Diarchies

Sultanate of Rum


Heinz Hauser (* 25. Mai 1949) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Heinz Hauser gab für den BSV 07 Schwenningen am 14. August 1976 am ersten Spieltag der Saison 1976/77 in der 2. Bundesliga Süd beim 1:1-Unentschieden gegen die SpVgg Bayreuth sein Profidebüt. Er stieg am Ende dieser Saison mit Schwenningen als Tabellenletzter ab. Sein 32. Saisoneinsatz am letzten Spieltag beim 2:2-Unentschieden gegen den FK Pirmasens blieb Hausers letzter Profieinsatz.

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (BSV 07 Schwenningen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1949
Mann

Heinz Hauser (Fußballspieler)


Nechamandra, monotipski biljni rod iz porodice žabogrizovki. Jedina je vrsta N. alternifolia, slatkovodna biljka koja raste po sporim tekućicama i jezerima na Indijskom potkontinentu odakle je uvezena u Vijetnam i Sudan

Sinonimi
 Lagarosiphon alternifolia (Roxb. ex Wight) Druce
 Lagarosiphon roxburghii (Planch.) Benth.
 Nechamandra roxburghii Planch.
 Vallisneria alternifolia Roxb. ex Wight

Izvori

Žabogrizovke
Flora Indije

Nechamandra


.bt Bhutan için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır.

Bhutan'da iletişim
İnternet ülke alan kodları
1997 tanıtımları

.bt


Susanna Winkworth ( - ) est une traductrice et philanthrope britannique, sœur aînée de la traductrice Catherine Winkworth .

Jeunesse et éducation
Susanna Winkworth est née à Londres, la fille aînée du marchand de soie Henry Winkworth et de son épouse Susanna Dickenson . Elle fait ses études à la maison, sous la direction des éminents unitariens anglais James Martineau et William Gaskell .

Carrière

Écrivain
Winkworth traduit les mémoires et les essais du théologien allemand Barthold Georg Niebuhr, dans Life and Letters (1851 et 1852) . Elle continue sur la littérature religieuse allemande, avec des traductions de la Theologia Germanica (1854)  et vingt-cinq sermons du mystique médiéval Johannes Tauler (1858) . Elle termine une biographie inachevée de Martin Luther par Julius Hare (1855) et collabore avec sa sœur sur Signs of the Times (1856). Une autre traduction, German Love, des Papers of an Alien (1858) est basée sur les écrits de Max Müller. Ses dernières publications notables sont une traduction de God in History de Bunsen (1868-1870) et une édition commémorative de 1883 des écrits de sa sœur, après la mort de Catherine Winkworth en 1878 .

Philanthropie
Winkworth s'intéresse à la vie urbaine à Bristol, tout en vivant avec sa famille à Clifton. Elle investit dans des logements à Dowry Square, construit plus d'unités pour les locataires à faible revenu à Jacob's Well et gère une mission sanitaire. Susanna Winkworth est également gouverneure de la Red Maids' School et siège au conseil des gouverneurs du Cheltenham Ladies' College .

Elle meurt en 1884, à l'âge de 64 ans, et sa dépouille est enterrée dans le cimetière de St. John's à Clifton. En 2000, une plaque bleue est installée, marquant la maison de Catherine et Susanna Winkworth à Cornwallis Crescent, Bristol .

Références

Liens externes

Traducteur anglais du XIXe siècle
Décès en novembre 1884
Naissance en août 1820
Décès à 64 ans

Susanna Winkworth


Janov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Prešov din regiunea Prešov, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 336 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu  și .

Istoric
Localitatea Janov este atestată documentar din 1341.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Janov, Prešov


André Facchinetti, né le 21 juillet 1921 à Neuchâtel et décédé le 4 décembre 1988 à Hauterive, est un joueur de football et entrepreneur suisse.

Biographie
André Facchinetti est né le 21 juillet 1921 à Neuchâtel. Il est le fils d'Angelo Facchinetti (1876-1949), un tailleur de pierre italien immigré en Suisse en 1896. Il effectue un apprentissage d'employé de commerce et, parallèlement, une carrière de footballeur. Il est d'abord footballeur au FC Cantonal Neuchâtel dont il rejoint la première équipe à l'âge de seize ans, puis au Servette Football Club lors de la création de la Ligue nationale A en 1945. Avec ce club, il remporte le championnat de Suisse en 1946 et la Coupe de Suisse en 1949. En 1950, il retourne au FC Cantonal Neuchâtel et joue une seconde finale de la Coupe de Suisse en 1951, qui se solde cette fois-ci par une défaite.

Buteur prolifique en club, il inscrit notamment 15 buts en deuxième division lors de la saison 1943-1944, 13 buts en première division en 1945-1946, et 19 buts en deuxième division en 1949-1950.

Il joue également à deux reprises en équipe nationale, d'abord en 1942 puis en 1949. Il dispute son premier match en équipe de Suisse contre le Portugal (défaite 3-0 à Lisbonne), et son dernier contre l'équipe de France (défaite 4-2 à Colombes). En 1953, il est victime d'un accident de voiture et doit mettre un terme à sa carrière de joueur. Il entraîne alors les juniors, puis la première équipe du Neuchâtel Xamax, alors en première ligue.

Parallèlement, il devient également entrepreneur dans le domaine de la restauration et fonde et dirige successivement plusieurs établissements dans le canton de Neuchatel. En 1949, il ouvre une entreprise de torréfaction et un bar à café à Neuchâtel, l'un des premiers établissements suisses à utiliser une machine à café italienne.

Il meurt le 4 décembre 1988 à Hauterive. Il est l'oncle de l'entrepreneur et président du Neuchâtel Xamax Gilbert Facchinetti.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Neuchâtel
Naissance en juillet 1921
Décès en décembre 1988
Décès à 67 ans
Décès dans le canton de Neuchâtel
Footballeur international suisse
Joueur du Servette FC
Joueur du FC Cantonal Neuchâtel
Entraîneur suisse de football
Entraîneur du Neuchâtel Xamax FC
Personnalité suisse du monde des affaires
Sportif neuchâtelois
Personnalité neuchâteloise de l'économie et de la finance

André Facchinetti


Thomas John Cardell Martyn ( – Agrolândia, ) foi um piloto britânico da Primeira Guerra Mundial, jornalista e editor que fundou a Newsweek em 1933.

Vida e carreira
O pai de Martyn foi um ex-soldado britânico que morreu em Joanesburgo. Martyn estudou mas não formou-se na Universidade de Oxford, tendo servido anteriormente na Força Aérea Real como bombardeiro e piloto do Home Defense como comandante de vôo. Foi ferido durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, mas os relatos de que ele perdeu uma perna não têm fundamento. Foi condecorado com a Cruz da Força Aérea e a Cruz Militar em reconhecimento ao seu serviço.

Ele declarou em um artigo da revista Time de 1925 sobre como ele e outros pilotos respeitavam e admiravam o famoso ás da aviação alemão Manfred von Richthofen ("O Barão Vermelho").

Von Richthofen era muito bem visto pelos aviadores britânicos como um lutador limpo e um homem que não sabia o que era o medo.

Martyn também contou uma história contada a ele por um de seus colegas aviadores britânicos, como Martyn descreve:

Como um exemplo do bom espírito esportivo de Richthofen, o major Patrick me disse que uma vez ele combateu com Richthofen e que sua munição acabou. Richthofen, estando em uma máquina mais rápida, tinha Patrick à sua mercê, mas quando soube que Patrick era incapaz de atirar, voou perto dele, acenou com a mão e voltou para suas próprias linhas.

O co-fundador da Time, Henry Luce, contratou Martyn como editor de notícias estrangeiras na Time com base exclusivamente na recomendação do jornalista John Franklin Carter. Martyn não tinha muita experiência em jornalismo, mas era fluente em francês e alemão e conhecia bem a política europeia. Martyn era o funcionário mais bem pago na época. Martyn renunciou em 1925 após uma disputa sobre despesas associadas à mudança temporária da revista para Cleveland, Ohio. Martyn trabalhou no The New York Times por vários anos antes de levantar capital para iniciar a News-Week. Ele levantou US$ 2,25 milhões e publicou a primeira edição em 17 de fevereiro de 1933. Depois de perder dinheiro por quatro anos, Martyn declarou a falência da empresa e vendeu sua participação na revista.

Vida pessoal
De acordo com Isaiah Wilner, Martyn se separou de sua primeira mulher e viveu como hóspede do co-fundador da Time, Briton Hadden. Em 1930 Martyn casou com Helen Cheney, filha do magnata da seda Howell Cheney, cuja família ajudou a financiar a Newsweek. Eles tiveram dois filhos, Howell Cheney Martyn (1932-2009) e Laura Martyn Johnson (1935-1991). Helen morreu em Hartford, Connecticut, em 1958.

Martyn mais tarde casou-se novamente e viveu com sua mulher Mary Irmgard Martyn (1920–1973) em Agrolândia, Brasil, onde está sepultado.

Ligações externas
History of Newsweek via The Daily Beast

Editores do Reino Unido
Fundadores de revistas
Agrolândia

Thomas John Cardell Martyn


Marc Shaiman (; born October 22, 1959) is an American composer and lyricist for films, television, and theatre, best known for his collaborations with lyricist and director Scott Wittman and director Rob Reiner. Shaiman has received numerous accolades including a Grammy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Tony Award. He has also received seven Academy Awards nominations.

Shaiman started his career as a writer on Saturday Night Live from 1984 to 1987. He went on to compose such films as When Harry Met Sally... (1989), Misery (1990), City Slickers (1991), Sister Act (1992), Mr. Saturday Night (1992), A Few Good Men (1992), Sleepless in Seattle (1993), The American President (1995), The First Wives Club (1996), Patch Adams (1998), South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999), Hairspray (2007), and Mary Poppins Returns (2018).

He wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics for the Broadway musical Hairspray (2003) based on the John Waters 1988 film, for which he earned the Tony Award for Best Original Score. He has since received nominations for Catch Me If You Can (2011) and Some Like It Hot (2023).

Personal life
Shaiman was born to a Jewish family in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Claire (née Goldfein) and William Robert Shaiman. He grew up in Scotch Plains, New Jersey and attended Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School, but got his GED and left school at age 16 to start working in New York's theaters. He lives in both Manhattan and upstate New York.

He is openly gay, and married Louis Mirabal, a retired lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy, on March 26, 2016.

Career
Shaiman started his career as a theatre/cabaret musical director. He started working at Saturday Night Live as an arranger/writer, where he portrayed Skip St. Thomas, the accompanying pianist for The Sweeney Sisters, a singing duo played by Nora Dunn and Jan Hooks, which earned him an Emmy nomination; he returned for an appearance on The Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, having co-created Martin Short and Maya Rudolph's salute to musical sketch characters. He began his professional relationships with Billy Crystal and Martin Short during his tenure at the show. He also was a vocal arranger for Bette Midler, eventually becoming her musical director and co-producer of many of her recordings, including "The Wind Beneath My Wings" and "From a Distance." He helped create the material for her performance on the penultimate The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. His work with both Midler and Billy Crystal led to his involvement on their films. He later produced Midler's album It's the Girls, which had the highest debut of Midler's recording career on the Billboard Album charts, and co-wrote Crystal's farewell to Jay Leno which featured Carol Burnett and Oprah Winfrey among others.

His film credits include Broadcast News, Beaches, When Harry Met Sally..., City Slickers, The Addams Family, Sister Act, Sleepless in Seattle, A Few Good Men, The American President, The First Wives Club, George of the Jungle, In & Out, Patch Adams, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, Team America: World Police, Hairspray, Flipped, Mary Poppins Returns and HBO's From the Earth to the Moon and 61*. On television, he worked on the final performances for Johnny Carson's Tonight Show (with Bette Midler), Conan O'Brien's Late Night (with Nathan Lane), both of Jay Leno's final Tonight Show broadcasts, and Nathan Lane's farewell to David Letterman called "Dead Inside."

Shaiman has earned seven Academy Award nominations, a Tony Award and a Grammy Award for his work on the musical Hairspray, and an Emmy Award for co-writing Billy Crystal's Academy Award performances. He has also been Grammy-nominated for his arrangements for Harry Connick Jr.'s recordings When Harry Met Sally... and We Are in Love as well as Hairspray and Smash and Emmy-nominated for his work on Saturday Night Live and Smash. In 2002, he was honored with the "Outstanding Achievement in Music-In-Film" award at The Hollywood Film Festival, and in 2007 he was honored with ASCAP's Henry Mancini Award in recognition of his outstanding achievements and contributions to the music of film and television. He is the first recipient of the Film & TV Music Award for Best Score for a Comedy Feature Film. He wrote and sang the song "Yes" for his agent's film Finding Kraftland, and co-wrote (with partner Scott Wittman) songs for Neil Patrick Harris when Harris hosted the 63rd Tony Awards (2009) and the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards (2009), and was Emmy-nominated for musical directing and co-writing the 82nd Academy Awards (2010).

Shaiman co-produced and co-wrote cuts on Mariah Carey's 2010 Christmas album Merry Christmas II You. He and Wittman wrote original songs for the musical-based television show for NBC, Smash, which ran from 2012 to 2013, and served as executive producers. For their song "Let Me Be Your Star," Shaiman and co-lyricist Wittman were nominated for both an Emmy Award and a Grammy Award, and as executive producers they were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Comedy or Musical.

Shaiman and Wittman were honored on April 28, 2014, by The New York Pops Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. The following year, Jennifer Hudson sang theSmash song "I Can't Let Go" at the 87th Academy Awards during the in memoriam tribute, featuring revised lyrics. The duo's latest Broadway musical Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ran on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, after finishing a four-year run on London's West End at The Royal Drury Lane Theater. Shaiman was Tony-nominated for his orchestrations for their previous Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can. In 2021, they wrote a song titled "Save the City" for the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) in-universe Broadway production titled Rogers: The Musical featured in the first episode of Hawkeye, "Never Meet Your Heroes". It was released as a single on November 24, the day the episode became available on Disney+.

In February 2021, it was announced that Shaiman and Wittman were writing songs for a new musical adaptation of Some Like It Hot, coming to Broadway in 2022 with a book by Amber Ruffin and Matthew Lopez.

Activism
In 2008, a controversy erupted nationwide when California Musical Theatre's then artistic director Scott Eckern resigned over the revelation of his personal donation of $1000 to a political campaign to support California Proposition 8, which was an amendment to change the California Constitution to eliminate the right of same-sex couples to marry in California. After the amendment was passed, donor information became public. Shaiman and other Broadway artists who had previously worked with the director became critical and called for a boycott of the theatre by all gay artists and performers, ending in the director's resignation days later.

To protest the passage of California Proposition 8 in November 2008, Shaiman wrote a satiric mini-musical called Prop 8 — The Musical.  The 3-minute video was distributed on the internet at FunnyOrDie.com, beginning on December 3, 2008. It was written and produced in just a few days. The cast includes Jack Black (who plays Jesus), Neil Patrick Harris, John C. Reilly, Allison Janney, Andy Richter, Maya Rudolph, Margaret Cho, and Rashida Jones. Shaiman plays the piano and appears briefly in the video. It received 1.2 million internet hits in its first day.

Filmography

Films

Television

Theatre

Broadway
Peter Allen: Up in One (1979)
Bette! Divine Madness (1980)
André De Shields' Haarlem Nocturne (1984)
Leader of the Pack (1985)
An Evening with Harry Connick Jr. and Orchestra (1990)
Patti LuPone on Broadway (1995)
Hairspray (2002)
The Odd Couple (2005)
Martin Short: Fame Becomes Me (2006)
Catch Me If You Can (2009)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2017)
Some Like It Hot (2022)
SMASH (2024-25 Broadway season)

West End
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2013)

Off-Broadway
Dementos - The Production Company
Livin' Dolls - Manhattan Theatre Club
Legends - Ahmanson Theatre
The Sound of Muzak - Club 82
Trilogy of Terror - Club 57
Non Pasquale - Delacorte Theatre

Disney Parks
 Rogers: the Musical - Hyperion Theatre

Internet
Prop 8 - The Musical (2008) (composer, lyricist, pianist) - 2009 "Webby" winner for Best Comedy: Short or Individual Episode
Soundtrack of Our Lives: A Celebration for the Film and TV Music Community ("The End Titles" song) (2020)

Discography

Mariah Carey
Merry Christmas II You

Bette Midler
Thighs and Whispers
Mud Will Be Flung Tonight
Some People's Lives
Experience the Divine
Bette
Bathhouse Betty
It's the Girls!

Harry Connick Jr.
We Are in Love

Peter Allen
Making Every Moment Count

Original Broadway cast recordings
Hairspray
Martin Short: Fame Becomes Me
 Catch Me If You Can
 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the Musical (West End musical)
 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the Musical (Broadway musical)

Soundtracks
The Addams Family
Addams Family Values
Beaches
When Harry Met Sally...
Heart and Souls
For the Boys
City Slickers
A Few Good Men
Sister Act
Sleepless in Seattle
Hocus Pocus
North
The American President
The Out-of-Towners
South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut
Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics
The Story of Us
Alex & Emma
Rumor Has It…
Hairspray
The Bucket List
Smash Season One
Smash Season Two
Bombshell
Hairspray Live!
The Star
Mary Poppins Returns
Hocus Pocus 2

Concert/cabaret work

Peter Allen
Jack Black & Will Ferrell
Kristin Chenoweth
Rosemary Clooney
Harry Connick Jr.
Billy Crystal
Christine Ebersole
Ellen Foley
Whoopi Goldberg
Annie Golden
The Harlettes
 The High-Heeled Women
Lauryn Hill
Jennifer Holliday
Allison Janney
 Laura Kenyon
Nathan Lane
Ute Lemper
Jenifer Lewis
Darlene Love
Patti LuPone
Lypsinka
Ann Magnuson
Andrea Martin
Lonette McKee
Bette Midler
Catherine O'Hara
Sarah Jessica Parker
 Zora Rasmussen
Ann Reinking
Debbie Shapiro Gravitte
Martin Short
Barbra Streisand
Donald Trump
Tracey Ullman
Luther Vandross
Bruce Vilanch
Steven Weber
Raquel Welch
Robin Williams

Accolades

For his work as a composer and lyricist for films, television, and theatre, Shaiman has received numerous accolades including a Emmy Award, a Grammy Award and a Tony Award as well as nominations for 7 Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. He earned the Hollywood Film Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music and Film in 2002.

References

External links

The Marc Shaiman non-official site
The Musical Mind of Marc Shaiman
MusicalTalk Interview with Marc Shaiman

1959 births
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American LGBT people
American film score composers
American gay musicians
American male film score composers
American male songwriters
American musical theatre composers
American musical theatre lyricists
American television composers
American LGBT songwriters
American LGBT composers
Animation composers
Broadway composers and lyricists
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American film score composers
Jewish American songwriters
Jewish American television composers
La-La Land Records artists
LGBT film score composers
LGBT people from New Jersey
Gay songwriters
Gay composers
Gay Jews
Light music composers
Living people
Male musical theatre composers
Musicians from Newark, New Jersey
People from Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School alumni
Songwriters from New Jersey
Tony Award winners

Marc Shaiman


Tømmerneset est une localité du comté de Nordland, en Norvège. Le village est situé sur la rive est du lac Rotvatnet, à environ 50 kilomètres au sud du centre de la municipalité, Oppeid. Tømmerneset est le site de l'église de Tømmernes. La zone du village est située à l'endroit où la route de comté 835 (et le tunnel de Steigen) bifurque de la route européenne 6.

Archéologie
Il y a de l'art rupestre datant de l'âge de pierre « près du pont sur Sagelva ».

Notes et références

Localité de Nordland
Village en Norvège

Tømmerneset


Als Grubenbrand bezeichnet man im Bergbau ein untertägig ausgebrochenes Schadfeuer (Brand). Die Eigenart dieses Feuers ist, dass es sich unkontrolliert entwickeln kann. Der Bergmann unterscheidet zwischen einem offenen und einem verdeckten Grubenbrand. Brände ohne offene Flammen bezeichnet man als Glimmbrände. Bei Grubenbränden ist oftmals der Einsatz der Grubenwehr erforderlich.

Grundlagen
Damit ein Brand überhaupt entstehen kann, müssen drei Voraussetzungen vorhanden sein. Es muss brennbares, entzündliches Material vorhanden sein, es muss genügend Sauerstoff in der Umgebung der Brandstelle existieren und es muss eine genügend energiereiche Zündquelle vorhanden sein, um das brennbare Material zu entzünden. Untertage sind viele brennbare Materialien vorhanden. Die Bandbreite umfasst Grubenholz, Kunststoffe, Papier und brennbare Flüssigkeiten. In Kohlenbergwerken kommen noch Steinkohle oder Braunkohle und das Grubengas hinzu. Alle diese brennbaren Stoffe bezeichnet man als Brandgut. Die Sauerstoffversorgung der Grubenbaue wird über die Bewetterung getätigt. Als Zündquellen können Untertage verschiedene elektrische Geräte oder flammenerzeugende Werkzeuge wie z. B. Schneidbrenner fungieren. Aber auch durch Reibung bei Gurtförderern können Grubenbrände entstehen.

Ursachen
Oftmals ist Unvorsichtigkeit die Ursache für die Entstehung eines Grubenbrandes. Weitere Ursachen für Grubenbrände sind Nachlässigkeit und mangelnde Sorgfalt der Bergleute. In einigen Fällen war auch Brandstiftung die Ursache für einen Grubenbrand.

Brandentstehung
Bei der Brandentstehung gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten zur Entstehung eines Grubenbrandes, durch Selbstentzündung und durch Fremdentzündung. Die Selbstentzündung kommt nur in Kohlenbergwerken vor. Insbesondere dann, wenn Kohle Einlagerungen von Pyrit (Schwefelkies) enthält, kann es durch Absorption von Sauerstoff zu einer chemischen Reaktion kommen. Durch diese Reaktion entsteht Wärme, die zur Entzündung der Kohle führen kann. Begünstigt wird diese Selbstentzündung durch die große Oberfläche der Kohle. Dies ist speziell bei Feinkohle der Fall. Insbesondere, wenn viel Kleinkohle im Alten Mann zurückbleibt, kann es zu einem Selbstentzündungsbrand kommen. Bei der Fremdentzündung muss immer eine separate Zündquelle vorhanden sein. Diese kann entweder direkt durch offene Flammen oder durch genügend hohe Reibungswärme das Brandgut entzünden. Bei der Verwendung von untertägig aufgestellten Wetteröfen kann die Flamme des Ofens auf die Streckenzimmerung überschlagen, wenn dieser zu dicht am Streckenstoß oder sonst wie unsachgemäß aufgestellt ist. Es ist auch vorgekommen, dass sich in den Verbrennungsabgasen Funken befanden, die dann den feinabgelagerten Kohlenstaub entzündeten. Das früher verwendete offene Geleucht konnte die Zimmerung in Brand setzen, wenn die Lampen verbotenerweise an der Zimmerung befestigt wurden. Der Brand von in Schachtnähe befindlichen Tagesanlagen kann sich auf das Grubengebäude fortstrecken. Dies wird insbesondere dann begünstigt, wenn der Schachtausbau aus brennbaren Materialien besteht. Durch Funkenbildung an Gewinnungsmaschinen, wie dem Kohlenhobel oder durch die Schneidmeißel einer Teilschnittmaschine, kann ausströmendes Grubengas entzündet werden. Sogar durch die Strahlungswärme von Scheinwerfern an Lademaschinen können Materialien wie Sprengstoff entzündet werden. Grubenbrände können auch als Folge von Schlagwetterexplosionen auftreten.

Auswirkungen
Durch einen Grubenbrand können, je nach Schwere, sehr hohe wirtschaftliche Verluste für das betroffene Bergwerk entstehen. Solange sich der Brand nicht großflächig ausdehnen kann, sind die Auswirkungen weniger gefahrvoll. Durch den Brand bestimmter Materialien entstehen giftige Gase. Diese giftigen Gase, von den Bergleuten als böse Wetter bezeichnet, führen bei den betroffenen Bergleuten zu schweren Vergiftungserscheinungen, die oftmals tödlich verlaufen. Können die Brände nicht rechtzeitig gelöscht werden, kann es zu schwerwiegenden Folgen kommen. Dies kann soweit führen, dass der Brand nicht mehr kontrollierbar wird und die Flammen so heftig sind, dass sie sogar aus dem Schacht herausschlagen. Als Folge eines Grubenbrandes kann es wiederum zu einer Schlagwetterexplosion kommen. Bei einem Brand im Bereich von Kohleflözen kann der Brand auf das Flöz übergreifen und es kommt zum Flöz- oder Kohlebrand. Diese Gefahr besteht insbesondere bei Selbstentzündungsbränden.

Brandbekämpfung
Für die Bekämpfung eines Grubenbrandes muss der Bergmann je nach Brandgut das entsprechende Löschmittel verwenden. Bei geringerer Ausdehnung des Grubenbrandes reicht oftmals das Löschen durch Wasser. Dies ist insbesondere bei Bränden, die durch Fremdentzündung entstanden sind, durchführbar. Wichtig bei der Brandbekämpfung mittels Wasser ist eine ausreichende Wasserversorgung. Auch durch das Bewerfen mit Gesteinstaub lassen sich kleine Brände löschen. Damit der Brand wirkungsvoll erstickt werden kann, muss die Gesteinstaubschicht etwa 50 Millimeter stark sein. Auch tragbare Feuerlöschgeräte können wirkungsvoll für die Bekämpfung von Entstehungsbränden verwendet werden. Größere Grubenbrände lassen sich nicht mehr mit so einfachen Mitteln bekämpfen. Hier ist es oftmals erforderlich, den Brand durch die Zufuhr großer Wassermengen zu löschen. Hierfür müssen untertägig Pumpen aufgestellt werden, die den Brandherd mit Wasser fluten. Hierzu wird bei Bedarf auch Grubenwasser verwendet. Insbesondere Brände, die durch Selbstentzündung entstanden sind, lassen sich oftmals auch mit diesen Mitteln nur schwer löschen. Hier gibt es die Möglichkeit, den Brandherd zu umfahren. Dazu wird der Brandherd an einer günstigen Stelle umfahren und die entstandenen Hohlräume werden mit Baustoff abgedichtet. Dadurch soll ein Übergreifen auf andere Flözteile verhindert werden. Zur Löschung von Versatzbränden eignet sich das Verschlämmen des Brandes mittels Lehm, Sand oder Gesteinstaub. Hierfür werden in die Stöße Löcher gebohrt und das Verschlämmmaterial in den Brandherd eingepumpt. Zur Löschung tiefsitzender Brände haben sich Maßnahmen bewährt, die dem Brand den Sauerstoff entziehen und ihn dadurch ersticken. Eine Möglichkeit ist das Stellen von Branddämmen. Durch den Branddamm wird dem Feuer die nötige Sauerstoffzufuhr abgesperrt und der Brand erstickt. Nach einem längeren Zeitraum, der je nach Brand unterschiedlich lang sein kann, kann der Damm wieder geöffnet werden. Wird der Damm zu früh geöffnet, kann der Brand aufs Neue ausbrechen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist das Bekämpfen größerer Grubenbrände durch das Einleiten von inerten Gasen wie Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid. Durch die Inertisierung soll der Sauerstoffgehalt der Wetter im Bereich des Brandherdes verringert werden. Durch diese Maßnahme lassen sich offene und verdeckte Grubenbrände bekämpfen. Dieses Verfahren wurde das erste Mal von Golds Worthy bei einem Grubenbrand angewendet.

Früherkennung
Für eine rechtzeitige Brandbekämpfung ist eine frühzeitige Branderkennung von großer Wichtigkeit. Grubenbrände machen sich durch eine Erhöhung der Wettertemperatur und das Auftreten von Brandgasen bemerkbar. Ein sicheres Zeichen für einen Grubenbrand ist das verstärkte Auftreten von Kohlenoxid in den Wettern. Auch die Wahrnehmung von Brandgeruch oder Rauch lässt auf einen offenen Grubenbrand schließen. Hier können auch glimmende Kohlestücke in der Umgebung des Brandherdes auftreten. Bei einem verdeckten Brand bilden sich im Firstbereich oftmals Schwitzstellen. Allerdings lassen sich solche Brandkennzeichen meist nur erkennen, wenn man in unmittelbarer Nähe des Brandherdes ist. Bei größeren Wetterströmen lassen sich kleinere Mengen Brandgase kaum feststellen. Hierfür wurden besondere Systeme zur Brandfrüherkennung entwickelt, die im Bereich von Gurtförderern eingesetzt werden können.

Vorbeugung
Um der Entstehung von Grubenbränden vorzubeugen, muss der Bergmann seine Arbeiten mit großer Sorgfalt und Umsichtigkeit verrichten. Er hat alles zu unterlassen, was einen Grubenbrand begünstigen kann. Dazu gehört der vorsichtige Umgang mit offenem Feuer und Geräten und Werkzeugen, die Flammen erzeugen. Brennbare Flüssigkeiten müssen vorschriftsmäßig gelagert werden. In Steinkohlenbergwerken gilt unter Tage ein Rauchverbot. Zur Vermeidung von Selbstentzündungsbränden dürfen keine Kohlenreste oder Kohleninseln im Alten Mann zurückbleiben. Den Bereich des Alten Mannes müssen die Bergleute entsprechend abdichten. Bei oberflächennahem Abbau von Kohlenflözen können Risse in der Erdoberfläche entstehen, die zur Vermeidung von Schwelbränden entsprechend abgedichtet werden. Dieselbetriebene Fahrzeuge müssen zur Vermeidung von Grubenbränden mit bordfesten Feuerlöschanlagen versehen sein.

Literatur
Der Grubenbrand und die bösen Wetter in den Bergwerken des Oberharzes. Verlag der Schweigerschen Buchhandlung, Clausthal 1848

Einzelnachweise

Sicherheit im Bergbau
Brand

Grubenbrand


An Philodendron cruentospathum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Michael T. Madison. An Philodendron cruentospathum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an duro.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Philodendron

Philodendron cruentospathum


පෝනි එක්ස්ප්‍රස් යනු, සෙන්ට් ජෝසප්, මිසූරි සිට මහා තැන්න හරහා, රොකී කඳු සහ සියරා නෙවාඩා මතින් පිළියවන ස්ථාන කිහිපයක් භාවිතා කරමින්අසු පිට ගොස්,  සැක්‍රමෙන්ටෝ, කැලිෆෙෘ්ර්නියාව වෙත, පණිවුඩ, පුවත්පත්, තැපැල් සහ කුඩා පාර්සල් පවා ප්‍රවාහනය කල තැපැල් සේවාවකි. එය ක්‍රියාත්මකව පැවති මාස 18 තුලදී, අත්ලාන්තික් සහ ශාන්තිකර වෙරළවල් අතර පණිවුඩ යැවීමට ගත වන කාලය දින 10 කට පමණ සීමා කිරීමට එය සමත් විය.  ටෙලිග්‍රාෆ් සේවාව පිහිටුවීමට පළමුව, 1860 අප්‍රේල් 3 දින සිට 1861 ඔක්තොම්බර් මස දක්වා, ඇමරිකාවෙහි බටහිර ප්‍රදේශයෙහි නැගෙනහිර-බටහිර සන්නිවේදනය සඳහා වූ වඩාත් සෘජු ක්‍රමය එය වූ අතර, නව  කැලිෆෝර්නියා ජනපදය රටෙහි අනෙකුත් පෙදෙස් හා සමග සම්බන්ධ කිරීමට මෙය අතිශයින් වැදගත් විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

පෝනි එක්ස්ප්‍රස්


Nahija Harem () je nahija u okrugu Harem, u sirijskoj pokrajini Idlib. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), nahija je imala 12.894 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Harem.

Izvori

Sirijske nahije
Pokrajina Idlib

Harem (nahija)


Ayr United Football Club are a football club in Ayr, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League. Formed in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C., their nickname is The Honest Men, from a line in the Robert Burns poem "Tam o' Shanter". They play at Somerset Park.

The club is currently managed by Lee Bullen. The club have spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, the last being 1977–78, and have been the champions of the second tier of Scottish football on six occasions, and of the third tier on three occasions. The club's most successful manager, Ally MacLeod, went on to manage the Scotland national team. In 2018, Ayr United secured promotion to the Scottish Championship as champions of League One.

History

Ayr United were founded in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C. Although Inverness Caledonian Thistle are also the product of a merger between two clubs, Ayr United are the only Scottish Football League club to have been formed from a merger of two existing league clubs.

The club's honours include winning six Second Division titles (as the second tier championship) and a further three titles (as the third tier championship), most recently in 2017–18. They have not won any national cup competitions, although they were runners-up in the 2001–02 Scottish League Cup, and in the Scottish Challenge Cup in the first two seasons in which the competition was held: 1990–91 and 1991–92. They have won the local competition the Ayrshire Cup on 26 occasions, most commonly facing fierce local rivals Kilmarnock in the final. The Ayrshire Cup was last played for in season 1996–97, since when the competition has been suspended.

The club's record scorer in a single season is Jimmy Smith, who scored 66 goals for Ayr in only 38 league matches in 1927–28 and currently holds the British goalscoring record for the most league goals scored in a single season. The club's overall record scorer is Peter Price, who scored 213 times in competitive matches for the club between 1955 and 1962.

Former Scotland national team manager Ally MacLeod is regarded as the club's most famous and most successful manager. He led the club on three separate occasions spanning 15 years, during which his teams recorded a record 214 wins, and won two league titles. In 1973 MacLeod was voted Ayr's Citizen of the Year. More recent managers have also included the recent Scotland national team manager, George Burley, and former Scottish League Cup winner with Raith Rovers, Gordon Dalziel. Gordon Dalziel is the only manager to take Ayr to a National Cup Final on 17 March 2002 when they lost to Rangers 4–0.  Their current manager is Lee Bullen.

Although the club has spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, they have played in the second and third tiers of Scottish senior football since the 1977–78 season. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the club established a record of defeating teams which played in higher leagues in cup competitions, including Hibernian, Dundee, Dundee United, Motherwell, Dunfermline Athletic and four consecutive wins in cup competitions against their fiercest rivals Kilmarnock.

In 1988, Ayr United fan and businessman Sir David Murray offered to buy the club but the club's shareholders rejected the bid by a vote of 60 to 56. The manager at that time, Ally MacLeod, had threatened to leave if Murray's bid had succeeded: Murray went on to become chairman of Rangers, which coincided with a period of financial growth and league success for that club. During much of the 1990s and 2000s, a period of relative success both in league and cup competitions, the Ayr United chairman was local construction magnate Bill Barr. After Barr stood down, there were occasional boardroom struggles: the club suffered significant cashflow problems in 2004 although it survived with a combination of efforts. Prestwick-based Roy Kennedy failed to take over the club in 2005, and his company Kennedy Construction went bankrupt in 2006.

On 24 May 2009, Ayr won the Scottish First Division Play-off against Airdrie United 3–2 on aggregate to win promotion to the First Division. The following season, to celebrate the club's centenary, Ayr United played in black and white hoops, the club's original black and white kit. The away kit was crimson and gold with blue shorts to reflect the original club colours. But it was not a successful season. Ayr were relegated on the last day of the season after losing 2–1 to Morton.
The club bounced back the following season, winning promotion after defeating Forfar Athletic and Brechin City in the play-offs. That same season, they knocked out Hibernian in the Scottish Cup, winning 1–0 at Somerset Park in a replay.

In the 2011–12 season, Ayr enjoyed success in the 2011–12 Scottish League Cup, beating SPL sides Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Heart of Midlothian and St Mirren on their way to the semi-finals. Ayr United played Ayrshire derby rivals Kilmarnock in the semi-finals, the first time the two clubs had met at this stage. Kilmarnock won one-nil. But the league campaign was less successful, as United were relegated to the Second Division following a play-off defeat to Airdrie United.

Following relegation, United announced that Brian Reid's contract would not be renewed. The club appointed Mark Roberts, top scorer in the previous three seasons, manager, with head of youth development, Davie White, as his assistant.
In January 2015, Ian McCall was appointed Ayr's new manager, taking over from Roberts. After saving the club from relegation on the final day of the 2014–15 season, McCall led Ayr back to the Championship with a penalty shoot-out victory over Stranraer in the play-offs. Following their relegation in 2017, Ayr competed in League One but finished the season as Champions, regaining their Championship status at the first time of asking and winning their first league title in over twenty years in the process.

Ayr United enjoyed a good start to the Championship during the 2018–19 season, and found themselves leading the division for part of the season. However, injuries to key players resulted in a dip of form during the second half of the season. This poor form included a shock Scottish Cup defeat to Junior Champions Auchinleck Talbot. Ayr United eventually finish in fourth place, ensuring a place in the playoffs for promotion to the Scottish Premiership. However, they were beaten on aggregate by Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

Key players Lawrence Shankland, Robbie Crawford and Liam Smith departed at the end of 2018–19 and signed for other clubs. Despite these losses, Ayr started the 2019–20 season well and found themselves in 2nd place in September. However, manager Ian McCall departed the club to return to Partick Thistle, ending his 4-and-a-half year tenure. After a recruitment process lasting four weeks, midfielder Mark Kerr was appointed as manager on an 18-month contract.

The 2019–20 season was curtailed due to the Coronavirus pandemic. United were fourth place again at the time of curtailment and this stood as their final league standing. However, the playoffs were not contested due to the pandemic.

The 2020–2021 season was played behind closed doors due to the ongoing pandemic. Ayr United became embroiled in a relegation battle, and manager Mark Kerr was sacked in February 2021. He was replaced by ex-Scotland international and former Greenock Morton, Bradford City and Livingston manager David Hopkin.

Ayr United avoided relegation on the final day of the season after a draw with Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

After a poor start to the 2021–22 season, David Hopkin resigned as manager. Following a spell as caretaker manager, Jim Duffy was appointed as manager on a contract until the end of the season. However, after a poor run of only one win in twelve league games, Duffy was sacked in December 2021.

On 7 January 2022, former Sheffield Wednesday and Dunfermline player Lee Bullen was appointed as Head Coach. Under Bullen's leadership, Ayr United avoided the relegation play-offs and remained in the Championship.

Crest and colours

Crests

From 1948 to 2016, Ayr United used a crest which is a shield containing a Scottish saltire, with a scroll beneath stating the club's name. In 2015, the club became subject to a legal action which claimed that the crest was an unregistered coat of arms. After it had emerged that the club's badge was in jeopardy, a petition was started by fans and gained 700 signatures in 24 hours. The campaign gained support and many political, footballing figures and fans alike lent support to keep the Ayr badge intact. Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party leader Ruth Davidson stated "If archaic rules are forcing the team to change the badge, then I think we need to look at those rules again. When John Scott brought this issue to my attention, I was happy to take it all the way to the UK Government." Another prominent name to join the campaign was former Ayr United and Bayern Munich striker and now a Sky Sports pundit on Soccer Saturday,  Alan McInally, who said "Badges are so important to football supporters and are treasured by everyone. They are worn with pride by grandfathers, dads and sons as they represent the club that they support. New stadiums get built and re-named but the club badge always stays the same".

In 2016, after a fan competition to design a new club badge, a design incorporating most of the old features of the old badge was introduced.

Colours
The club's original jerseys were red and gold, inherited from Ayr, with navy blue shorts and socks. In 1914, Ayr adopted black and white hoops, which were worn, with several modifications, up to 1930, when The Honest Men switched to a plain white jersey, with navy blue shorts and socks, worn until the outbreak of World War II. After the war, the club retained the white jersey, and switched back to the black shorts that had originally complemented the hooped shirts, kits similar to these were worn up to 1958, when Ayr had changed the black and white look for a white with a blue trim, used until 1963, when they once again reverted to the black and white hoops, that were kept until 1968 and not used again until the 2009–10 centenary season. From then until 1994, Ayr maintained white jerseys trimmed with black with either black or white shorts and socks, then switching to a striped shirt for a single season. The following season, Ayr wore an all-black jersey for the first time. Ayr went back to keeping an all-white jersey with either white or black shorts and socks until the centenary season. For the 2011–12 season, a half-black-half-white shirt was worn for the first time, however, Ayr FC had previously wore a similar jersey between 1899 and 1903. The 2013–14 season saw Ayr return to the white jersey, black shorts and socks for the first time since 1973.

Home kits

Away kits

Sponsorship

Stadium

Ayr play their football at Somerset Park in Ayr's New Town. One of the few surviving traditional stadium designs, it consists of one stand, two covered terraces, and one open terrace. It has a capacity of . The first match to take place at Somerset Park was between the former Ayr and Aston Villa in a 3–0 victory for Ayr.

During the 1990s the club's chairman Bill Barr, who owned and managed a company which built modern-style stadiums and stands for several other clubs around the UK sought — and obtained — planning permission from South Ayrshire Council for a new 10,200 all-seated stadium at Heathfield in Ayr with an associated retail development. The Scottish Executive then "called in" the application and reversed the decision in respect of the retail development. Since the club considered this aspect of the proposal necessary to fund the construction, the development did not proceed.

In November 2006, United signed a contract with Barratt Homes for the sale of Somerset Park, having secured a  site in the Heathfield area of Ayr. The site would house a new £29 million stadium seating 7,650 as part of a "sports and business campus". The project ultimately did not proceed.

First-team squad

On loan

Coaching staff

Managers

Honours

Domestic

League
Scottish second tier (Division Two, Division B, First Division, Championship)
Winners (6): 1911–12, 1912–13, 1927–28, 1936–37, 1958–59, 1965–66
Runners Up (5): 1910–11, 1955–56, 1968–69, 2000–01, 2022–23
Scottish third tier (Second Division, League One)
Winners (3): 1987–88, 1996–97,  2017–18
Runners Up (3): 2008–09, 2010–11, 2015–16
Play-Off Winners (3): 2008–09, 2010–11, 2015–16

Cups
Scottish League Cup
Runners Up (1): 2001–02
Scottish Challenge Cup
Runners Up (2): 1990–91, 1991–92

Regional
Ayrshire Cup
Winners (26): 1911–12, 1925–26, 1928–29, 1932–33, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1949–50, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1964–65, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1996–97
Ayr Charity Cup
Winners (17): 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14, 1914–15, 1915–16, 1918–19, 1920–21, 1923–24, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1951–52
Kilmarnock Charity Cup
Winners (4): 1930–31, 1932–33, 1935–36, 1936–37

Records

Club

 Record home attendance
25,225 vs Rangers, 13 September 1969 in Scottish League Division One
 Record attendance in a match involving Ayr United
51,158 vs Rangers, 4 April 1973, Scottish Cup semi-final, at Hampden Park
 Lowest home attendance
106 vs Girvan, 1 May 1991 in the Ayrshire Cup
 Lowest away attendance
192 vs Deveronvale, 28 November 2009, in the Scottish Cup
 Record victory
11–1 vs Dumbarton, 13 August 1952
 Record defeat
0–9 vs Rangers, 16 November 1929 0–9 vs Heart of Midlothian, 28 February 1931 0–9 vs Third Lanark, 4 December 1931

 Record appearances
John Murphy (597 apps), between 1963 and 1978
 Record goalscorer
Peter Price, (213 goals in 251 apps) between 1955 and 1962
 Most Goals in a single season
Jimmy Smith, (66 goals in 38 apps) in the 1927–28 Season
 Most International Appearances (While playing for Ayr)
James Nisbet for Scotland (3) vs Norway, Germany and The Netherlands in 1929
 Youngest player
Mark Shankland, aged 15 years and 300 days (vs Brechin City, 7 May 2011)
 Youngest goalscorer
Alan Forrest, aged 16 years and 321 days (vs Queens Park, 27 July 2013)

Individual
All players are from Scotland unless otherwise stated.

 Top goalscorers

 Most appearances

Hall of Fame

* years involved as a manager
** years involved as vice-chairman

 Scottish Football Hall of Fame

* years involved as manager

 English Football Hall of Fame

International players

Only includes caps won while playing for Ayr United.

  Scotland
 Johnny Crosbie (2 caps, 0 goals) 1919–1920
 Johnny Doyle (1 cap, 0 goals) 1975
 Bob Hepburn (1 cap, 0 goals) 1931
 Jimmy Hogg (1 cap, 0 goals) 1922
 Phillip McCloy (4 caps, 0 goals) 1924–1925
 Jimmy Nisbet (3 caps, 2 goals) 1929
 Jimmy Richardson (2 caps, 0 goals) 1919
 John Smith (1 cap, 0 goals) 1924

  Faroe Islands
 Jens Kristian Hansen (5 caps, 0 goals) 1999–2000
 Jens Martin Knudsen (3 caps, 0 goals) 1999–2000

  Zambia
 Frankie Musonda (5 caps, 0 goals) 2022–

References

External links

 Unofficial Ayr United fans forum
 Ayr United History
 Complete pictorial history of Ayr United playing kit at Historical Football Kits

Football clubs in Scotland
Sport in Ayr
Association football clubs established in 1910
1910 establishments in Scotland
Scottish Football League teams
South of Scotland Football League teams
Scottish Professional Football League teams
Football in South Ayrshire

Ayr United F.C.


Made in America je knjiga znanstvenih radova Billa Brysona s područja jezikoslovlja, posebice razvoja engleskoga jezika u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama i s temama iz američke kulture i književnosti.

Made in America nastavlja se na prethodnu knjigu Materinski jezik o materinskom jeziku i indoeuropskom podrijetlu engleskoga jezika i njegovim narječjima.

Tiskala ju je izdavačka kuća "Black Swan" (Crni labud) u travnju 1988. na 496 stranica, kao jednu od najopsežnijih jezikoslovnih rasprava o američkom engleskom jeziku i njegovom podrijetlu.

U knjizi se nalazi i poglavlje posvećenom američkom žargonu i jeziku ulice, te jezičnim novitetima i izrazima usvojenima razvojem Hollywooda i filmske industrije.

Izvori

Američka književnost

Made in America (knjiga)


Das Wappen der Stadt Ruda Śląska (deutsch Ruda O.S.) besteht aus zwei durch Spaltung erzeugten Feldern. Es wurde Ende der 1990er Jahre eingeführt und beruht auf dem alten Wappen des Ortes Friedenshütte (Nowy Bytom).

Aktuelles Wappen

Das 1998 eingeführte Wappen beruht auf dem Wappen von Nowy Bytom und zeigt vorne in Blau einen halben, goldenen Adler am Spalt (den Adler der oberschlesischen Piasten) und hinten ein Bildnis der Heiligen Barbara.

Wappen von Nowy Bytom (Friedenshütte)

Das gegöpelte Wappen von Nowy Bytom zeigt neben dem Bildnis der Heiligen Barbara und dem oberschlesischen Adler im unteren Drittel ein Zahnrad. Oben ist eine gezinnte Mauerkrone mit drei Türmen, jeder hat mittig eine Schlüsselscharte.

Wappen von 1966

Das Wappen von 1966 zeigte vorne den polnischen Adler, hinten in den oberen 2/3 einen schwarzen Förderturm vor blauem Feld und im unteren Drittel die Farben Grün, Schwarz und Orange. Das Wappen wurde am 17. September 1966 vom Städtischen Nationalrat angenommen. Es sollte einerseits die Zugehörigkeit zu Polen darstellen, andererseits symbolisierte der Förderturm den im Ort wichtigen Bergbau. Das Wappen war in vielerlei Hinsicht nicht heraldisch korrekt und wechselte in den darauf folgenden Jahren regelmäßig seine Farben.

Weblinks

 Artikel der Stadt (polnisch)

Ruda Śląska
Wappen (Polen)

Wappen von Ruda Śląska


Action (, A ou Az) est un parti politique italien social-libéral fondé le .

Histoire
Son fondateur est Carlo Calenda, député européen au sein du groupe Renew Europe et ancien ministre italien du Développement économique (2016-2018). Initialement lancé sous le nom de Siamo Europei (SE) . Il prend son nom actuel en novembre 2019 quand il devient officiellement un parti politique. Carlo Calenda décrit son parti comme « anti-populiste » et « anti-souverainiste ». Il explique que le nom du parti est une référence historique à l'éphémère Parti d'action de l'après-Seconde Guerre mondiale et une allusion au « socialisme libéral » de Carlo Rosselli.

Le parti s'allie au Parti démocrate à l'approche des élections générales de 2022 mais rompt cette alliance quelques jours plus tard en raison notamment de la présence de partis qui ont voté contre le gouvernement de Mario Draghi comme l'Alleanza Verdi e Sinistra, qui rassemble des partis écologistes et de gauche, et le parti centriste Impegno Civico. Durant la campagne électorale, Action est rejoint par des membres importants de Forza Italia, le parti de Silvio Berlusconi, opposés à l'alliance de leur parti derrière des formations d'extrême droite.

Le , Action est admis comme membre du parti de l'Alliance des libéraux et des démocrates pour l'Europe.

Programme
Son programme prévoit des baisses d'impôts, une restriction du revenu de citoyenneté, le soutien au nucléaire, une personnalisation accrue du président du Conseil qui serait directement élu, ou encore le renforcement du pouvoir des experts. Il est jugé proche de celui d'Emmanuel Macron en France.
Ces positions, qui se présentent comme « modernistes », séduisent surtout un électorat urbain et bourgeois.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Parti d'action - Carlo Rosselli

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Parti politique fondé en 2019

Action (parti politique)