Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. Anemia that comes on quickly often has more severe symptoms, including confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out or increased thirst. Anemia is typically significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. Children with iron deficiency anemia may have problems with growth and development. There may be additional symptoms depending on the underlying cause.

Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding. Poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, or surgery such as a gastric bypass. In the developing world, parasitic worms, malaria, and HIV/AIDS increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia. Diagnosis is confirmed by blood tests.

Iron deficiency anemia can be prevented by eating a diet containing sufficient amounts of iron or by iron supplementation. Foods high in iron include meat, nuts, and foods made with iron-fortified flour. Treatment may include dietary changes and dealing with underlying causes, for example medical treatment for parasites or surgery for ulcers. Iron supplements and vitamin C may be recommended. Severe cases may be treated with blood transfusions or iron injections.

Iron-deficiency anemia affected about 1.48 billion people in 2015. A lack of dietary iron is estimated to cause approximately half of all anemia cases globally. Women and young children are most commonly affected. In 2015, anemia due to iron deficiency resulted in about 54,000 deaths – down from 213,000 deaths in 1990.

Signs and symptoms
Iron-deficiency anemia may be present without a person experiencing symptoms, it tends to develop slowly; therefore the body has time to adapt, and the disease often goes unrecognized for some time. If symptoms present, patients may present with the sign of pallor (reduced oxyhemoglobin in skin or mucous membranes), and the symptoms of feeling tired, weak, dizziness, lightheadedness, poor physical exertion, headaches, decreased ability to concentrate, cold hands and feet, cold sensitivity, increased thirst and confusion. None of these symptoms (or any of the others below) are sensitive or specific.

In severe cases, shortness of breath can occur. Pica may also develop; of which consumption of ice, known as pagophagia, has been suggested to be the most specific for iron deficiency anemia.

Other possible symptoms and signs of iron-deficiency anemia include:

Child development
Iron-deficiency anemia is associated with poor neurological development, including decreased learning ability and altered motor functions. This is because iron deficiency impacts the development of the cells of the brain called neurons. When the body is low on iron, the red blood cells get priority on iron and it is shifted away from the neurons of the brain. Exact causation has not been established, but there is a possible long-term impact from these neurological issues.

Cause
A diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia requires further investigation into its cause. It can be caused by increased iron demand, increased iron loss, or decreased iron intake. Increased iron demand often occurs during periods of growth, such as in children and pregnant women. For example, during stages of rapid growth, babies and adolescents may outpace their dietary intake of iron which can result in deficiency in the absence of disease or a grossly abnormal diet. Iron loss is typically from blood loss. One example of blood loss is by chronic gastrointestinal blood loss, which could be linked to a possible cancer. In women of childbearing age, heavy menstrual periods can be a source of blood loss causing iron-deficiency anemia. People who do not consume much iron in their diet, such as vegans or vegetarians, are also at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia.

Parasitic disease
The leading cause of iron-deficiency anemia worldwide is a parasitic disease known as a helminthiasis caused by infestation with parasitic worms (helminths); specifically, hookworms. The hookworms most commonly responsible for causing iron-deficiency anemia include Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and Necator americanus. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately two billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths worldwide. Parasitic worms cause both inflammation and chronic blood loss by binding to a human's small-intestinal mucosa, and through their means of feeding and degradation, they can ultimately cause iron-deficiency anemia.

Blood loss
Red blood cells contain iron, so blood loss also leads to a loss of iron. There are several causes of blood loss including menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach ulcers, and bleeding disorders. The bleeding may occur quickly or slowly. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body — such as from a peptic ulcer, angiodysplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, a colon polyp or gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., colon cancer)— can cause iron-deficiency anemia.

Menstrual bleeding
Menstrual bleeding is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia in women of child-bearing age. Women with menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods) are at risk of iron-deficiency anemia because they are at higher-than-normal risk of losing a larger amount blood during menstruation than is replaced in their diet. Most women lose about 40 mL of blood per cycle. Iron is lost with the blood. Some birth control methods, such as pills and IUDs, may decrease the amount of blood, therefore iron lost during a menstrual cycle.  Intermittent iron supplementation may be as effective a treatment in these cases as daily supplements and reduce some of the adverse effects of long term daily supplements.

Gastrointestinal bleeding
The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in men and post-menopausal women is gastrointestinal bleeding. There are many sources of gastrointestinal tract bleeding including the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, and the large intestine (colon). Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some groups of medication, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. aspirin), as well as antiplatelets such as clopidogrel and anticoagulants such as warfarin; however, these are required in some patients, especially those with states causing a tendency to form blood clots. Colon cancer is another potential cause gastrointestinal bleeding, thus iron deficiency anemia. Typically colon cancer occurs in older individuals. In addition, some bleeding disorders can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Two examples of bleeding disorders are von Willebrand disease and polycythemia vera.

Diet

The body normally gets the iron it requires from foods. If a person consumes too little iron, or iron that is poorly absorbed (non-heme iron), they can become iron deficient over time. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diet. For children, a high intake of cow's milk is associated with an increased risk of iron-deficiency anemia. Other risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia include low meat intake and low intake of iron-fortified products.

The National Academy of Medicine updated Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances in 2001. The current EAR for iron for women ages 14–18 is 7.9 mg/day, 8.1 for ages 19–50 and 5.0 thereafter (post menopause). For men the EAR is 6.0 mg/day for ages 19 and up. The Recommended Dietary Allowance is 15.0 mg/day for women ages 15–18, 18.0 for 19–50 and 8.0 thereafter. For men, 8.0 mg/day for ages 19 and up. (Recommended Dietary Allowances are higher than Estimated Average Requirements so as to identify amounts that will cover people with higher than average requirements.) The Recommended Dietary Allowance for pregnancy is 27 mg/day, and for lactation, 9 mg/day. For children ages 1–3 years it is 7 mg/day, 10 for ages 4–8 and 8 for ages 9–13. The European Food Safety Authority refers to the collective set of information as Dietary Reference Values, with Population Reference Intakes instead of Recommended Dietary Allowances, and Average Requirements instead of Estimated Average Requirements. For women the Population Reference Intake is 13 mg/day ages 15–17 years, 16 mg/day for women ages 18 and up who are premenopausal and 11 mg/day postmenopausal. For pregnancy and lactation, 16 mg/day. For men the Population Reference Intake is 11 mg/day ages 15 and older. For children ages 1 to 14 the Population Reference Intake increases from 7 to 11 mg/day. The Population Reference Intakes are higher than the US Recommended Dietary Allowances, with the exception of pregnancy.

Iron malabsorption
Iron from food is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, primarily in the duodenum. Iron malabsorption is a less common cause of iron-deficiency anemia, but many gastrointestinal disorders can reduce the body's ability to absorb iron. There are different mechanisms that may be present.

In celiac disease, abnormal changes in the structure of the duodenum can decrease iron absorption. Abnormalities or surgical removal of the stomach can also lead to malabsorption by altering the acidic environment needed for iron to be converted into its absorbable form. If there is insufficient production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, hypochlorhydria/achlorhydria can occur (often due to chronic H. pylori infections or long-term proton-pump inhibitor therapy), inhibiting the conversion of ferric iron to the absorbable ferrous iron.

Bariatric surgery is associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia due to malabsorption of iron. During a Roux-en-Y anastamosis, which is commonly performed for weight management and diabetes control, the stomach is made into a small pouch and this is connected directly to the small intestines further downstream (bypassing the duodenum as a site of digestion). About 17-45% of people develop iron deficiency after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Pregnant women
Without iron supplementation, iron-deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume, as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing baby and for placental development. Other less common causes are intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria. Iron deficiency in pregnancy appears to cause long-term and irreversible cognitive problems in the baby.

Iron deficiency affects maternal well-being by increasing risks for infections and complications during pregnancy. Some of these complications include pre-eclampsia, bleeding problems, and perinatal infections. Pregnancies where iron deficiency is present can lead to improper development of fetal tissues. Oral iron supplementation during the early stages of pregnancy, specifically the first trimester, is suggested to decrease the adverse effects of iron-deficiency anemia throughout pregnancy and to decrease the negative impact that iron deficiency has on fetal growth. Iron supplements may lead to a risk for gestational diabetes, pregnant women with adequate hemoglobin levels are recommended not to take iron supplements. Iron deficiency can lead to premature labor and to problems with neural functioning, including delays in language and motor development in the infant.

Some studies show that women pregnant during their teenage years can be at greater risk of iron-deficiency anemia due to an already increased need for iron and other nutrients during adolescent growth spurts.

Children
Babies are at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia due to their rapid growth. Their need for iron is greater than they are getting in their diet. Babies are born with iron stores; however, these iron stores typically run out by 4–6 months of age. In addition, infants who are given cow's milk too early can develop anemia due to gastrointestinal blood loss.

Children who are at risk for iron-deficiency anemia include:
 Preterm infants
 Low birth weight infants
 Infants fed with cow's milk under 12 months of age
 Breastfed infants who have not received iron supplementation after age 6 months, or those receiving non-iron-fortified formulas
 Children between the ages of 1 and 5 years old who receive more than 24 ounces (700 mL) of cow milk per day
 Children with low socioeconomic status
 Children with special health care needs
 Children of Hispanic ethnicity
 Children who are overweight

Blood donation
Frequent blood donors are also at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. When whole blood is donated, approximately 200 mg of iron is also lost from the body. The blood bank screens people for anemia before drawing blood for donation. If the patient has anemia, blood is not drawn. Less iron is lost if the person is donating platelets or white blood cells.

Hepcidin
Decreased levels of serum and urine hepcidin are early indicators of iron deficiency.  Hepcidin concentrations are also connected to the complex relationship between malaria and iron deficiency.

Mechanism
Anemia can result from significant iron deficiency. When the body has sufficient iron to meet its needs (functional iron), the remainder is stored for later use in cells, mostly in the bone marrow and liver. These stores are called ferritin complexes and are part of the human (and other animals) iron metabolism systems. Men store about 3.5 g of iron in their body, and women store about 2.5 g.

Hepcidin is a peptide hormone produced in the liver that is responsible for regulating iron levels in the body. Hepcidin decreases the amount of iron available for erythropoesis (red blood cell production). Hepcidin binds to and induces the degradation of ferroportin, which is responsible for exporting iron from cells and mobilizing it to the bloodstream. Conditions such as high levels of erythropoesis, iron deficiency and tissue hypoxia inhibit hepcidin expression. Whereas systemic infection or inflammation (especially involving the cytokine IL-6) or increased circulating iron levels stimulate hepcidin expression.

Iron is a mineral that is important in the formation of red blood cells in the body, particularly as a critical component of hemoglobin. About 70% of the iron found in the body is bound to hemoglobin. Iron is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, in particular the duodenum and jejunum. Certain factors increase or decrease absorption of iron. For example, taking Vitamin C with a source of iron is known to increase absorption. Some medications such as tetracyclines and antacids can decrease absorption of iron. After being absorbed in the small intestine, iron travels through blood, bound to transferrin, and eventually ends up in the bone marrow, where it is involved in red blood cell formation. When red blood cells are degraded, the iron is recycled by the body and stored.

When the amount of iron needed by the body exceeds the amount of iron that is readily available, the body can use iron stores (ferritin) for a period of time, and red blood cell formation continues normally. However, as these stores continue to be used, iron is eventually depleted to the point that red blood cell formation is abnormal. Ultimately, anemia ensues, which by definition is a hemoglobin lab value below normal limits.

Diagnosis

Conventionally, a definitive diagnosis requires a demonstration of depleted body iron stores obtained by bone marrow aspiration, with the marrow stained for iron. However, with the availability of reliable blood tests that can be more readily collected for iron-deficiency anemia diagnosis, a bone marrow aspiration is usually not obtained. Furthermore, a study published April 2009 questions the value of stainable bone marrow iron following parenteral iron therapy. Once iron deficiency anemia is confirmed, gastrointestinal blood loss is presumed to be the cause until proven otherwise since it can be caused by an otherwise asymptomatic colon cancer. Initial evaluation must include esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy to evaluate for cancer or bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.

A thorough medical history is important to the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia. The history can help to differentiate common causes of the condition such as a menstruation in woman or the presence of blood in the stool. A travel history to areas in which hookworms and whipworms are endemic may also be helpful in guiding certain stool tests for parasites or their eggs. Although symptoms can play a role in identifying iron-deficiency anemia, they are often vague, which may limit their contribution to determining the diagnosis.

Blood tests

Anemia is often discovered by routine blood tests. A sufficiently low hemoglobin by definition makes the diagnosis of anemia, and a low hematocrit value is also characteristic of anemia. Further studies will be undertaken to determine the anemia's cause. If the anemia is due to iron deficiency, one of the first abnormal values to be noted on a complete blood count, as the body's iron stores begin to be depleted, will be a high red blood cell distribution width, reflecting an increased variability in the size of red blood cells.

A low mean corpuscular volume also appears during the course of body iron depletion. It indicates a high number of abnormally small red blood cells. A low mean corpuscular volume, a low mean corpuscular hemoglobin or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and the corresponding appearance of red blood cells on visual examination of a peripheral blood smear narrows the problem to a microcytic anemia (literally, a small red blood cell anemia).

The blood smear of a person with iron-deficiency anemia shows many hypochromic (pale, relatively colorless) and small red blood cells, and may also show poikilocytosis (variation in shape) and anisocytosis (variation in size). With more severe iron-deficiency anemia, the peripheral blood smear may show hypochromic, pencil-shaped cells and, occasionally, small numbers of nucleated red blood cells. The platelet count may be slightly above the high limit of normal in iron-deficiency anemia (termed a mild thrombocytosis), but severe cases can present with thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).

Iron-deficiency anemia is confirmed by tests that include serum ferritin, serum iron level, serum transferrin, and total iron binding capacity. A low serum ferritin is most commonly found. However, serum ferritin can be elevated by any type of chronic inflammation and thus is not consistently decreased in iron-deficiency anemia. Serum iron levels may be measured, but serum iron concentration is not as reliable as the measurement of both serum iron and serum iron-binding protein levels. The percentage of iron saturation (or transferrin saturation index or percent) can be measured by dividing the level of serum iron by total iron binding capacity and is a value that can help to confirm the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia; however, other conditions must also be considered, including other types of anemia.

Another finding that can be used is the level of red blood cell distribution width. During haemoglobin synthesis, trace amounts of zinc will be incorporated into protoporphyrin in the place of iron which is lacking. Protoporphyrin can be separated from its zinc moiety and measured as free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, providing an indirect measurement of the zinc-protoporphyrin complex. The level of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin is expressed in either μg/dl of whole blood or μg/dl of red blood cells. An iron insufficiency in the bone marrow can be detected very early by a rise in free erythrocyte protoporphyrin.

Further testing may be necessary to differentiate iron-deficiency anemia from other disorders, such as thalassemia minor. It is very important not to treat people with thalassemia with an iron supplement, as this can lead to hemochromatosis. A hemoglobin electrophoresis provides useful evidence for distinguishing these two conditions, along with iron studies.

Screening
It is unclear if screening pregnant women for iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy improves outcomes in the United States. The same holds true for screening children who are 6 to 24 months old. Even so, screening is a Level B recommendation suggested by the US Preventative Services Task Force in pregnant women without symptoms and in infants considered high risk. Screening is done with either a hemoglobin or hematocrit lab test.

Treatment

Treatment should take into account the cause and severity of the condition. If the iron-deficiency anemia is a result of blood loss or another underlying cause, treatment is geared toward addressing the underlying cause. Most cases of iron deficiency anemia are treated with oral iron supplements. In severe acute cases, treatment measures are taken for immediate management in the interim, such as blood transfusions or intravenous iron.

For less severe cases, treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes dietary changes to incorporate iron-rich foods into regular oral intake and oral iron supplementation. Foods rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can also be beneficial, since ascorbic acid enhances iron absorption. Oral iron supplements are available in multiple forms. Some are in the form of pills and some are drops for children.

Most forms of oral iron replacement therapy are absorbed well by the small intestine; however, there are certain preparations of iron supplements that are designed for longer release in the small intestine than other preparations. Oral iron supplements are best taken up by the body on an empty stomach because food can decrease the amount of iron absorbed from the small intestine. The dosing of oral iron replacement therapy is as much as 100–200 mg per day in adults and 3–6 mg per kilogram in children. This is generally spread out as 3-4 pills taken throughout the day.

The various forms of treatment are not without possible adverse side effects. Iron supplementation by mouth commonly causes negative gastrointestinal effects, including constipation, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste to the oral iron and dark colored stools. Constipation is reported by 15-20% of patients taking oral iron therapy. Preparations of iron therapy that take longer to be absorbed by the small intestine (extended release iron therapy) are less likely to cause constipation.

It can take six months to one year to get blood levels of iron up to a normal range and provide the body with iron stores. Oral iron replacement may not be effective in cases of iron deficiency due to malabsorption, such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or H. pylori infection; these cases would require treatment of the underlying disease to increase oral absorption or intravenous iron replacement.

As iron-deficiency anemia becomes more severe, if the anemia does not respond to oral treatments, or if the treated person does not tolerate oral iron supplementation, then other measures may become necessary. Two options are intravenous iron injections and blood transfusion. Intravenous can be for people who do not tolerate oral iron, who are unlikely to respond to oral iron, or who require iron on a long-term basis. For example, people receiving dialysis treatment who are also getting erythropoietin or another erythropoiesis-stimulating agent are given parenteral iron, which helps the body respond to the erythropoietin agents to produce red blood cells.

Intravenous iron can induce an allergic response that can be as serious as anaphylaxis, although different formulations have decreased the likelihood of this adverse effect. In certain cases intravenous iron is both safer and more effective than the oral route. For patients with severe anemia such as from blood loss, or who have severe symptoms such as cardiovascular instability, a blood transfusion may be considered.

Low-certainty evidence suggests that IBD-related anemia treatment with Intravenous (IV) iron infusion may be more effective than oral iron therapy, with fewer people needing to stop treatment early due to adverse effects.  The type of iron preparation may be an important determinant of clinical benefit. Moderate-certainty evidence suggests response to treatment may be higher when IV ferric carboxymaltose, rather than IV iron sucrose preparation is used, despite very-low certainty evidence of increased adverse effects, including bleeding, in those receiving ferric carboxymaltose treatment.

Ferric maltol, marketed as Accrufer and Ferracru, is available in oral and IV preparations. When used as a treatment for IBD-related anemia, very low certainty evidence suggests a marked benefit with oral ferric maltol compared with placebo. However it was unclear whether the IV preparation was more effective than oral ferric maltol.

A Cochrane review of controlled trials comparing intravenous (IV) iron therapy with oral iron supplements in people with chronic kidney disease, found low-certainty evidence that people receiving IV-iron treatment were 1.71 times as likely to reach their target hemoglobin levels. Overall, hemoglobin was 0.71g/dl higher than those treated with oral iron supplements. Iron stores in the liver, estimated by serum ferritin, were also 224.84 µg/L higher in those receiving IV-iron. However there was also low-certainty evidence that allergic reactions were more likely following IV-iron therapy. It was unclear whether type of iron therapy administration affects the risk of death from any cause, including cardiovascular, nor whether it may alter the number of people who may require a blood transfusion or dialysis.

Ferric derisomaltose (Monoferric) was approved in the United States in January 2020, for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

Epidemiology

A moderate degree of iron-deficiency anemia affects approximately 610 million people worldwide or 8.8% of the population. It is slightly more common in females (9.9%) than males (7.8%). Up to 15% of children ages 1–3 years have iron deficiency anemia. Mild iron deficiency anemia affects another 375 million. Iron deficiency affects up to 52% of pregnant women worldwide.

The prevalence of iron deficiency as a cause of anemia varies among countries; in the groups in which anemia is most common, including young children and a subset of non-pregnant women, iron deficiency accounts for a fraction of anemia cases in these groups (25% and 37%, respectively). Iron deficiency is common in pregnant women.

Within the United States, iron-deficiency anemia affects about 2% of adult males, 10.5% of White women, and 20% of African-American and Mexican-American women.

A map provides a country-by-country listing of what nutrients are fortified into specified foods. Some of the Sub-Saharan countries shown in the deaths from iron-deficiency anemia map from 2012 are as of 2018 fortifying foods with iron.

References

Zeglam A, Abugrara A, Kabuka M. Autosomal-recessive iron deficiency anemia, dystonia and hypermanganesemia caused by new variant mutation of the manganese transporter gene SLC39A14. Acta Neurol Belg. 2019 Sep;119(3):379-384. doi: 10.1007/s13760-018-1024-7. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID 30232769.

External links

 The Importance of Iron – From IronTherapy.Org
 Interactive material on Iron Metabolism  – From IronAtlas.com
 Approach to chronic anemia : https://ashpublications.org/hematology/article/2012/1/183/83845/How-to-approach-chronic-anemia
 Handout: Iron Deficiency Anemia – From the National Anemia Action Council
 NPS News 70: Iron deficiency anaemia: NPS – Better choices, Better health – From the National Prescribing Service

Iron metabolism
Mineral deficiencies
Nutritional anemias
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Iron-deficiency anemia


An Aechmea prava in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Edmundo Pereira. An Aechmea prava in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aechmea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aechmea

Aechmea prava


Cum merg lucrurile? (în ) a fost un serial de televiziune britanic de scurtă durată, bazat pe cartea best-seller cu același nume al lui David Macaulay. Seria a fost co-produsă de Millimages și Schlessinger Media; a fost distribuit de către acesta din urmă. Programul a rulat zilnic pe BBC2 si CBBC din 2001 până la începutul anului 2002, înainte de a fi fost întreruptă din cauza lipsei de episoade și audiență. Seria (animată manual) a fost una dintre ultimele câteva programe de televiziune educaționale ce au prezentate prezentate de BBC pe CBBC. Este una dintre seriile sale de televiziune cu cea mai scurtă viață, care rulează doar  26 episoade de circa 15 minute. Programul are drept scop de a preda principiile de bază ale științei  telespectatorilor și se învârte în jurul locuitorii Insulei Mamutului, deoarece lupta prin viața de zi cu zi, cu utilizarea de idei excentrice. Un DVD care conține toate cele 26 de episoade ale seriei a fost lansat în 2005. În România a fost difuzat atât în engleză cât și în română pe toate canalele TV existente atunci cu excepția lui Jetix (și Jetix Play) și al lui Anime+. Este un serial educativ și de calitate care a fost foarte popular.

Personaje

Desenul animat are șase personaje principale care apar în fiecare episod:
 Profesorul (în engleză "Inventor" inventatorul despre care știim că este și profesor): El are vreo 50 ani și este într-un "vacation" (vacanță?) pe Insula mamutul.. Dealungul series nu a fost numit. HeEl este responsabil pentru constuirea mașinăriilor pe Insula Mamutului, și este prezentat mereu ca salvând munca cu aparatura sa, care deobicei îi produc dificultăți lui însuși.
 Olive: Prietena cea mai apropiată a profesorului. Are 14 ani, o minte brici, și deseoria pare ca fiind mai deșteaptă ca profesorul.
 Troy: Vărul Oliviei, whcare își bazează propria forță pe cea a mamuților lânoși, și e uneori credul.
 Frank: Fratele lui Pilbeam și tatăl Oliviei, care se ocupă cu construirea invențiilor.
 Pilbeam: Tatăl lui Troy; căsătorit cu Brenda. Cu toate că este fratele lui Frank, el trăiește separat de el și este deseori nesigur de planurile lui Frank, și e cunoscut că se ceartă deseori cu soția sa.
 Brenda: Mama lui Troy, măritată cu Pilbeam. Ea este strict opusă ideilor profesorului, și este deobicei certată cu soțul ei.

Legături externe
 Cum merg lucrurile?, Acasă TV, 29 noiembrie 2006, accesat 13 noiembrie 2016

2001 în televiziune
Emisiuni de televiziune din Regatul Unit

Cum merg lucrurile? (serial)


Sağlık ocağı, sosyal devlet olmanın getirdiği ve gerekliliğini doğurduğu bir hizmettir. Gelişmemiş, gelişmekte, kalkınmakta olan bölgelerde veya nüfus bakımından çok fazla kalabalık olmayan bölgelerde kurulan ve birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri veren kuruluşlardır. Sağlık ocakları; hastaneler kadar personel, ekipman ve kaynağa sahip olan hizmetlerini bölgesel olarak veren sağlık hizmet kurumlarıdır.

Görev ve sorumlulukları

Sağlık ocakları her türlü koruyucu hekimlik hizmetleri, hastaların muayene ve tedavisi, sağlık ocağına kayıtlı şahısların sağlık sicillerini tutmak ile mükelleftir. Sağlık ocağı hekimleri tedavi edemedikleri vakaları, hastaneye sevki gereken acil vakaları vb. durumlarda hastaları hastaneye  sevk ederler.

Kamu hizmetleri
Ocak

Sağlık ocağı


An Oncidium weinmannianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Willibald Königer, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Mark W. Chase och Norris Hagan Williams. An Oncidium weinmannianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oncidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oncidium

Oncidium weinmannianum


56088 Wuheng este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
56088 Wuheng este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Xinglong în cadrul programului Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,62 ua, o excentricitate de 0,16 și o înclinație de 13,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 56001-57000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

56088 Wuheng


USS Guadalcanal (LPH-7), the third Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship (helicopter), was launched by the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard 16 March 1963, sponsored by Zola Shoup, wife of General Shoup, the former Commandant of the Marine Corps; and commissioned 20 July 1963.  It was the second ship in the Navy to bear the name.

Operational history
Upon completion of sea trials and outfitting, Guadalcanal departed Philadelphia to join the Amphibious Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. One of a new class of ships designed from the keel up to embark, transport, and land assault marines by means of helicopters, she lent new strength and flexibility to amphibious operations. After departing Norfolk 23 October 1963 for six weeks' shakedown training at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Guadalcanal steamed to Onslow Beach, North Carolina, 6 December for practice amphibious landings. She then carried on training and readiness operations with the Atlantic Fleet, based in Norfolk until departing for Panama 11 February 1964. Following 2 months on station as flagship for Commander PhibRon 12 with the 12 Marine Expeditionary Unit embarked and ready to land anywhere needed. Guadalcanal entered Philadelphia Naval Shipyard 26 May, but was deployed again 7 October as a unit of Operation "Steel Pike 1", a NATO landing exercise on the beaches of southern Spain.

Career highlights include 21 July 1966, when she recovered the Gemini X astronauts and their spacecraft after they landed in the Atlantic east of Cape Kennedy, and 13 March 1969, when she recovered the Apollo 9 capsule and crew off the Bahamas. In October 1985 the ship logged its 100,000th aircraft landing.

In 1987 Guadalcanal was leading minesweeping operations in the Persian Gulf when she encountered Iran Ajr laying mines in the shipping lanes. Helicopters from Guadalcanal attacked the ship; troops from Guadalcanal boarded and captured the ship. (Iran Ajr was the second enemy warship captured on the high seas by the U.S. Navy since 1815; the first was the , captured in 1944 by the first USS Guadalcanal, an escort carrier.) Guadalcanal also provided the Marines for the first wave of Operation Provide Comfort, the Kurdish relief operations in Northern Iraq immediately following the Persian Gulf War in 1991.

Guadalcanal was decommissioned in 1994, and stored as part of the James River Reserve Fleet until she was used as a target and sunk in the Virginia Capes area on 19 May 2005.

Other incidents

On 1 November 1966, a UH-2B Seasprite helicopter assigned to the ship crashed as it was taking off from the flight deck. Guadalcanal was in the Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, VA to start a major overhaul at the time.  Three Navy men and one civilian shipyard worker were killed and 12 others were hospitalized.  Nine more sailors and civilians were treated for minor injuries.

On 9 May 1968 she floated adrift off North Carolina due to a burned out bearing in the propulsion system.

On 27 January 1976 she went aground in Augusta Bay, Sicily on a peak of coral which pushed in areas on either side of the bow, but did not crack or hole the ship.  Three days later, with cargo, personnel, helicopters, and fuel off-loaded to assist the effort, the ship was refloated.

On 17 September 1981 near Sardinia, Italy, a USMC CH-53D helicopter crashed while attempting to land aboard the ship during training exercises killing all five crewmen.

On 24 September 1981 Guadalcanal and the , collided during underway replenishment south of Sardinia, Italy, causing minor damage but no injuries.

On 25 May 1993 Guadalcanal and the USS Monongahela (AO-178), collided during underway replenishment off of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina when Guadalcanal's main gyrocompass failed. Five crew suffered minor injuries and $1.635M in damage was caused to the two ships.

Awards

 Joint Meritorious Unit Award
 Navy Unit Commendation with 4 awards
 Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation with 4 awards
 Navy Battle "E" Ribbon with 4 awards
 Navy Expeditionary Medal with 4 awards (1-Iran/Indian Ocean, 2-Lebanon, 1-Libya)
 National Defense Service Medal 2 awards
 Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal with 6 awards (3-Dominican Republic, 1-Lebanon, 1-Persian Gulf, 1- Op. Restore Hope, Somalia)
 Southwest Asia Service Medal
 Humanitarian Service Medal
 Sea Service Deployment Ribbon - multiple

Gallery

References

Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ships
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Vietnam War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Apollo 9
Ships built in Philadelphia
1963 ships
Ships sunk as targets
Space capsule recovery ships

USS Guadalcanal (LPH-7)


An Arundinaria spanostachya in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Tong Pei Yi, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni De Zhu Li. An Arundinaria spanostachya in nahilalakip ha genus nga Arundinaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Arundinaria

Arundinaria spanostachya


الكيشيون أو الكاسيون هم سلالة قديمة حكمت بلاد الرافدين من بابل بعد انهيار دولة بابل الأولى سنوات 1531 ق.م إلى 1155 ق.م. أول مرة ورد فيها اسم الكاشيين كان في السنة التاسعة من حكم الملك البابلي شمشو إيلونا (1749 – 1712 ق م). ولم يتمكن الملوك الأوائل من الكاشيين من فتح بلاد بابل إلى ان تيسر لملكهم (آكوم الثاني) في نحو عام (1580 ق م) -أو حسب تقدير آخر في نحو عام (1532 ق م) - من النزول من خلوان في إيران الحالية على طريق خانقين ثم إلى أواسط وجنوبي بلاد الرافدين. واحتل آكوم الثاني مدينة بابل بعد تراجع الحثيين عنها وأسس فيها سلالة كاشيه ورثت جميع ممتلكات الدولة البابلية القديمة، ولقب نفسه ملك أكاد وبابل إضافة إلى ألقاب أخرى كثيرة. وقد ذكر ثبوت 36 ملك من هذه السلالة، حكموا زهاء 576 سنة؛ يقدّرها المؤرخون المعاصرون من نحو عام 1680 حتى 1157 قبل الميلاد، إلا أن حكمهم في جنوبي العراق دام حوالي 400 سنة (1580 – 1157 ق م) أو (بين 1532 – 1160 ق م).

تاريخ الكيشيين
حكمت سلالة الكيشيين بابل في العصر البرونزي، وكان مركز السلالة في دور كوريغالزو.

لم يقم الملوك الأوائل من الكشيين بأعمال تستحق الذكر إلا أن بعضهم شيد المعابد في بابل والمدن الجنوبية وذكر اسمه مطبوعا على آجرها واستولى (أو لمبرياش) في نحو عام عام (1500 ق م) على بلاد البحر عندما كان ملكها (ايا كاميل) يحارب في بلاد عيلام. وقمع بعضهم الفتن لاسيما في بلاد القطر البحري

كراينداش (1445 – 1427 ق م)
لقب نفسه ملك مدينة بابل وملك سومر واكاد وملك الكشيين وملك بلاد بابل. وكانت تسمى آنذاك «كرديناش». عاصر (آشور بيل نيشيشو) وفي عهده وصل تحتمس الثالث ملك مصر إلى الفرات في نحو عام (1457 ق م). وله معبد ضخم في مدينة الوركاء شيده للالهة (انين) وجداره مبني بالآجر ومزدان بصور ناتئة لآلهة، ويقدر زمنه في نحو (1430 ق م)

كوريغالزو الأول
عاصر أمنحتب الثاني الذي حكم في مصر عام (1438 – 1412 ق م). شيد كوريغالزو الأول عاصمة جديدة له سماها باسمه وتعرف أطلالها اليوم باسم عقرقوف وهي تقع حاليا نحو 25 كيلومترا إلى الشمال الغربي من بغداد. نقبت في هذه المدينة مديرية الآثار العراقية، وكشفت فيها عن معابد المدينة التي تحيط بالزقورة الشاهقة القائمة حتى يومنا هذا لعبادة «إنليل»، وأظهرت الحفريات قصور الملوك التي عثر فيها وفي محلات أخرى من المدينة على آثار كاشية كثيرة يشاهد الزائر بعضها في القاعة الخامسة من المتحف العراقي.

كدش مان انليل
الذي عاصر امنوفيس الثالث فرعون مصر في نحو عام (1412 – 1364 ق م).

برنابرش الثاني (1375 – 1347 ق م)
الذي عاصر أخناتون فرعون مصر في نحو عام (1364 – 1347 ق م).

كدشمان خربا الثاني
الذي عاصر آشور اوبلط الأول في نحو عام (1365 – 1330 ق م).

نهاية الدولة
وكانت في هذه الفترة مراسلات دبلوماسية بعث بها ملوك كاشيين للفراعنة المصريين، حول قضايا سياسية وتجارية، تبودلت فيها الهدايا والنساء. وقد وجدت هذه الرسائل بهيئة ألواح من الطين مكتوبة بالخط المسماري وباللغة البابلية، ضمن مجموعة رسائل تل العمارنة (بين نحو 1430 و1330 قبل الميلاد) في مصر، ويقدر زمنها من القرن الرابع عشر قبل الميلاد. كما أن أخبارا أخرى وجدت مدونة على ألواح من الطين حول العلاقات الدولية بين الكشيين والآشوريين، وكانت حينذاك منازعات ومصادمات مستمرة بين الميتانيين والآشوريين والكشيين حول رقعة الأرض في القسم الأوسط من العراق الحالي من الجبال الشرقية حتى الفرات الأعلى. استمرت هذه المنازعات زمنا طويلا إلى أن تفوقت المملكة الآشورية وتمكنت من ايقاف زحف الاراميين من الغرب وقضت على الميتانيين في الجنوب وحاربت الكاشيين في بلاد بابل. وكان الكاشيون حينذاك ضعفاء يحكمون بابل والاطراف المجاورة لها فقط.

وفي زمن إنليل نادين أخي آخر الملوك الكاشيين في عام (1157 ق م) ضعفت المملكة الكاشية كثيرا، فهجم القائد العيلامي «شوترك ناخنتي» على بلاد بابل وفتح المدن وخربها وقضى على آخر ملوك الكشيين. ونقل العيلاميون من بابل والمدن الأخرى غنائم لا تحصى وأسلابا كثيرة من تماثيل الالهة والمسلات وكنوز المعابد؛ وكثيرا من هذه الغنائم عثرت عليها بعثة التنقيب الفرنسية التي كانت تشتغل في سوسا عاصمة العيلاميين في إيران عام 1902. ومن جملة ما عثر عليه مسلة حمورابي الشهيرة ومسلة نرامسن، ومئات من حجارات الحدود المنقوشة برموز الالهة.

أصل الكيشيين
أصول الكيشيين من جبال زاغروس في إيران حاليا، ولا تربطهم أية صلة مع الأقوام الإيرانية الذين سكنوا المنطقة لاحقا؛ مثل الفرس، والذين بقوا في جبال زاغروس استطاعوا الحفاظ على خصوصيتهم واستقلالهم، ولم يخضعوا لا لسلطة الفرس ولا لسلطة ألكسندر المقدوني اليوناني؛ حسب المصادر اليونانية من المؤرخين القدماء.

اللغة
اللغة الكيشية لغة معزولة، بمعنى أنها لا تمتلك أية قرابة أو نسب إلى غيرها من اللغات، وهذا يعني أنها ليست من اللغات الآرية أو السامية، وهي تمثل لغة مستقلة كما هو الحال في اللغتين السومرية والعيلامية؛ تقليدا للثقافة البابلية عموما.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

أنظمة ملكية سابقة في آسيا
العصر البرونزي في آسيا
إمبراطوريات سابقة
بابل
تاريخ الكويت
تاريخ إيران القديم
تاريخ محافظة لرستان
حضارة بابلية
دول وأقاليم انحلت في القرن 12 ق م
دول وأقاليم أسست في القرن 16 ق م
شعوب قديمة في الشرق الأدنى
كاشية

كيشيون


Bardas Phokas ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Bardas Phokas der Ältere (um 878–um 969), byzantinischer Feldherr
 Bardas Phokas der Jüngere (um 940/945– 989), byzantinischer Feldherr und Gegenkaiser

Bardas Phokas


Blackstar (stilizirano ★) dvadeset peti je i posljednji studijski album engleskog glazbenika Davida Bowieja. Diskografske kuće ISO, RCA, Columbia i Sony objavile su ga diljem svijeta 8. siječnja 2016. godine, na isti dan kad je Bowie slavio svoj 69. rođendan. Velik dio uratka bio je snimljen u tajnosti u studijima The Magic Shop i Human Worldwide Studios u New York Cityju te su u snimanju sudjelovali i Bowiejev dugogodišnji koproducent Tony Visconti i grupa lokalnih džez glazbenika.

Dva dana nakon njegove objave Bowie je umro od raka jetre; bolest nije bila otkrivena javnosti sve do tada. Koproducent Visconti opisao je album kao Bowiejev labuđi pjev i "oproštajni dar" obožavateljima prije smrti. Nakon objave uradak je dobio pohvale kritičara i bio je komercijalno uspješan: u vrijeme Bowiejeve smrti našao se na prvom mjestu ljestvica u brojnim državama te je postao jedini Bowiejev album koji se popeo na prvo mjesto ljestvice Billboard 200 u SAD-u. Tri je tjedna ostao na prvom mjestu britanske ljestvice albuma. Postao je peti najprodavaniji album te godine diljem svijeta, a dva je tjedna bio i najprodavaniji. Do 31. siječnja 2016. bio je prodan u više od 969.000 primjeraka. Do travnja 2017. bio je prodan u više od 1,900.000 primjeraka te je u SAD-u i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu poimence postigao zlatnu i platinastu nakladu.

Na 59. dodjeli nagrada Grammy osvojio je nagradu za najbolji album alternativne glazbe, album s najboljom tonskom obradom te za najbolji omot i knjižicu albuma, dok je istoimeni singl osvojio Grammy za najbolju rock izvedbu i najbolju rock pjesmu. Također je osvojio nagradu za britanski album godine na dodjeli nagrada Brit 2017. godine, dok ga je Metacritic nazvao kritički najprihvaćenijim albumom godine.

Pozadina i snimanje
Bowie je snimio Blackstar dok je imao rak jetre; njegova bolest nije bila otkrivena javnosti sve do njegove smrti, dva dana nakon objave albuma. Poput prethodnog albuma The Next Day snimanje se odvijalo u tajnosti u studijima The Magic Shop i Human Worldwide Studios u New York Cityju. Bowie je počeo skladati novi materijal i snimati demouratke za pjesme koje će se pojaviti na Blackstaru odmah nakon završetka snimanja The Next Daya. Kao prateći sastav tijekom snimanja unajmio je lokalnu njujoršku džez grupu koju je predvodio Donny McCaslin.

Dvije skladbe koje se pojavljuju na Blackstaru, "Sue (Or in a Season of Crime)" i "'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore", bile su već objavljene ranije, ali su ponovno bile snimljene za taj album. Na potonjoj pjesmi nove je saksofonske dionice odsvirao McCaslin (tako zamijenivši dijelove koje je Bowie svirao na izvornoj inačici). K tome, naziv te pjesme preuzet je iz naslova drame Šteta što je kurva, koju je napisao John Ford, engleski dramatičar iz 17. stoljeća. McCaslin i ostatak džez grupe snimili su svoje dionice u studiju u otprilike mjesec dana, od siječnja do ožujka 2015. godine, te navodno nisu bili svjesni Bowiejevog slabijeg zdravlja – prema McCaslinu sastav je s Bowiejem svaki dan radio "uglavnom od 11 do 4", dok je basist Tim Lefebvre komentirao da "im se nikad nije činilo da je bolestan". Pjesma "Lazarus" pojavila se u Bowiejevom istoimenom mjuziklu.

Skladbe i utjecaji
Prema riječima producenta Tonyja Viscontija Bowie i on namjerno su pokušali "izbjeći rock'n'roll" dok su radili na albumu; umjesto toga tijekom snimanja slušali su album To Pimp a Butterfly repera Kendricka Lamara i naveli ga kao utjecaj. Elektronički duo Boards of Canada i eksperimentalni hip hop trio Death Grips također su bili navedeni kao utjecaj. Glazba na Blackstaru spaja art rock, džez i eksperimentalni rock, ali i elemente industrial rocka, folk-popa i hip hopa. Saksofon je prvo glazbalo koje je Bowie naučio svirati i bio je strastveni slušatelj džeza u svojoj mladosti. U naslovnoj se skladbi pojavljuju elementi nu jazza, ritam u stilu drum and bassa, dio instrumentala nadahnut acid houseom, solistička dionica na saksofonu i sporija blues dionica. Andy Greene iz Rolling Stonea izjavio je da je novu snimku skladbe "'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore" "pokreću hip hop ritam i saksofon koji svira slobodno." "Dollar Days", šesta skladba na uratku, nastala je bez prethodnog dema. McCaslin je kasnije izjavio da je Bowie jednog dana "samo uzeo gitaru u ruke ... imao je jednu malu ideju i svi smo ju naučili svirati ondje u studiju." Na "I Can't Give Everything Away", posljednjoj pjesmi, Bowie na usnoj harmonici svira solističku dionicu sličnu onoj na instrumentalnoj skladbi "A New Career in a New Town" s njegovog albuma Low (iz 1977.).

Billboard i CNN napisali su da se Bowiejevi tekstovi odnose na njegovu nadolazeću smrt; CNN je istaknuo da album "otkriva čovjeka koji se naočigled hrva s vlastitom smrtnošću". "Lazarus", treća skladba na albumu, značajna je zbog stihova "Look up here, I'm in heaven / I've got scars that can't be seen" ("Pogledaj gore, u raju sam / Moji se ožiljci ne mogu vidjeti"); taj se dio teksta pojavio u mnogim časopisima nakon Bowiejeve smrti 10. siječnja. "I Can't Give Everything Away" sadrži stihove "Seeing more and feeling less / Saying no but meaning yes / This is all I ever meant / That's the message that I sent" ("Vidim više i osjećam manje / Govorim ne, ali želim reći da / To je sve što sam ikad mislio / To je poruka koju sam poslao"), koji su natjerali Neila McCormicka iz The Daily Telegrapha da skladbu počne smatrati trenutkom u kojem "Bowie zvuči kao da se bori s vlastitom tajnovitošću." "Girl Loves Me", peta pjesma na uratku, značajna je po tome što se u njoj pojavljuje nadsat, umjetni jezik koji je osmislio Anthony Burgess za svoj roman Paklena naranča iz 1962. godine, u kojem se on često koristi. Također se pojavljuje polari, vrsta slenga kojim su se u Engleskoj uglavnom koristili homoseksualci sredinom 20. stoljeća.

Omot albuma
Naslovnicu je dizajnirao Jonathan Barnbrook, koji je izradio naslovnice i za albume Heathen, Reality i The Next Day. Zaslugu za zvijezdu na naslovnici pripisuje se NASA-i u knjižici albuma. Pet dijelova zvijezde ispod glavne zvijezde stiliziranim slovima oblikuju riječ BOWIE. Naslovnica na gramofonskoj inačici crne je boje i sadrži izrez zvijezde te tako otkriva ploču. Kad se ploču izvadi i savinuti dio omota približi izvoru svjetla, crni papir iza izreza otkriva skrivenu sliku zvjezdanog neba. Obožavateljima je bilo potrebno više od četiri mjeseca da otkriju taj učinak. Dizajner je izjavio da u omotu gramofonske inačice ima još mnogo različitih iznenađenja. Glazbeni novinari komentirali su da "lezija u obliku crne zvijezde", koju se inače nalazi unutar prsiju, doktorima dokazuje određene vrste raka.

Objava
Naslovna skladba bila je objavljena kao glavni singl 19. studenog 2015. godine i pojavila se kao uvodna glazbena tema za televizijsku seriju Posljednje pantere.

"Lazarus" je bio objavljen 17. prosinca 2015. u digitalnoj inačici i istog je dana bio premijerno reproduciran u emisiji Steve Lamacq Showu na radijskoj stanici BBC Radio 6 Music.

Album je bio objavljen 8. siječnja 2016., na isti dan kad je Bowie slavio svoj 69. rođendan.

Blackstar je u prvom tjednu nakon objave u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu bio prodan u 146.000 primjeraka (u tom su istom tjednu četiri ostala Bowiejeva albuma ušla u top 10, a drugih sedam u top 40; potonje je jednako Presleyjevu rekordu na ljestvicama), dok je u SAD-u bio prodan u više od 181.000. Samo nekoliko dana od objave albuma internetska je prodavaonica Amazon.com nakratko prodala sve primjerke inačica na CD-u i LP-u. U tjednu od 11. do 17. siječnja Blackstar je postao album koji se najviše preuzimao s iTunesa, i to u 25 država.

Bowie je u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu bio najprodavaniji glazbenik na ploči; njegovih je pet albuma ušlo u ljestvicu top 30 gramofonskih ploča, a Blackstar je postao gramofonski album godine. Bio je prodan u dvostruko više primjeraka od prošlogodišnjeg pobjednika, albuma 25 glazbenice Adele.

Godine 2018. Jon Culshaw glumio je Bowieja u BBC-jevoj radijskoj drami The Final Take: Bowie in the Studio, u kojoj Bowie radi na albumu i razmatra svoj život.

Recenzije

Profesionalne kritike
Blackstar je dobio pohvale glazbenih kritičara i obožavatelja. Na Metacriticu je na temelju 43 recenzije dobio prosječnu ocjenu 87/100, koja označava "međunarodno priznanje". Recenzent Rolling Stonea David Fricke Blackstar je nazvao "odskokom teksturalne ekscentričnosti i slikovitim eksplozivnim skladanjem". Andy Gill iz The Independenta prozvao ga je "najekstremnijim albumom cijele [Bowiejeve] karijere" i izjavio da je na "Blackstaru [Bowie] najdalje otišao od pop glazbe". Jon Pareles iz The New York Timesa opisao je uradak kao "istovremeno emotivan i tajanstven, strukturiran i spontan, ali iznad svega samovoljan - odbija ispuniti očekivanja radiostanica i obožavatelja". The Daily Telegraphov Neil McCormick komentirao je da je Blackstar "izvanredan" album koji "ističe da je Bowie, kao moderni Lazar pop glazbe, dobro i da se doista vratio iz mrtvih". U pozitivnoj recenziji za Exclaim! Michael Rancic napisao je da je Blackstar "zaključna izjava nekoga koga ne zanima življenje u prošlosti, već, prvi put nakon dugo vremena, nekoga tko čeka da ga svi sustignu".

U recenziji za časopis Q Tom Doyle napisao je da je "Blackstar jezgrovitija i puno zanimljivija izjava od The Next Dayja." NME-ov kritičar Sam Richards izjavio je da je Bowie održao svoj "izvanredan rekord mijenjanja samoga sebe" na "užurbanom, zbunjujućem i katkad prekrasnom albumu". Dodao je: "Jedna stvar u koju možemo biti sigurni kad je u pitanju ovaj neumoran, nemilosrdno zanimljiv album jest da je David Bowie alergičan na ideju zastarjelog rocka." Chris Gerard iz PopMattersa komentirao je da je album "jedinstven u svojem zvuku i atmosferi" te ga je opisao kao "psihodeličnu i veličanstvenu glazbu za um izrađenu od mjesečarenja i stvorenu za uklizivanje u život i izvan njega". Pitchforkova recenzija za Blackstar, koju je napisao Ryan Dombal, bila je objavljena na isti dan kad i album, dva dana prije Bowiejeve smrti, te je zaključila: "Ova mučna besmrtnost nije šala: Bowie će živjeti i dugo nakon svoje smrti. Međutim, zasad svoje ponovno buđenje iskorištava do krajnjih granica: nadograđuje mit dok još uvijek vlada njime." U recenziji za The A.V. Club, koji je odabrao Blackstar za najbolji album 2016. godine, Sean O'Neal opisao ga je kao "zvukovno pustolovan album koji dokazuje da je Bowie uvijek jedan korak naprijed—gdje će ostati zauvijek".

Album je bio i uvršten u knjigu 1001 album koji morate čuti prije nego što umrete.

Priznanja
Album je bio nominiran za nagradu Top Rock Album na dodjeli Billboardovih glazbenih nagrada 2016. godine, no tu je nagradu na koncu dobio uradak Blurryface Twenty One Pilotsa. Koncem 2016. Blackstar pojavio se na popisima najboljih albuma godine u brojnih kritičara. Prema Metacriticu Blackstar je album koji se našao na najviše takvih lista 2016. godine. Na 59. dodjeli nagrada Grammy 2017. godine album je osvojio nagradu za najbolji album alternativne glazbe i za najbolji omot i knjižicu albuma.

Komercijalni uspjeh
Prema Official Charts Companyju Blackstar je već bio na putu do prvog mjesta na ljestvici britanskih glazbenih albuma prije objave o Bowiejevoj smrti 10. siječnja 2016. godine. Debitirao je na prvom mjestu nakon što je bio prodan u 146.000 primjeraka te je tako postao Bowiejev deseti album koji je dosegao to mjesto. Na prvom je mjestu ostao tri tjedna, dok kasnije nije došao na drugo mjesto, a prvo je mjesto zauzela njegova kompilacija Best of Bowie (iz 2002. godine), koja je postala prvi album koji se našao na prvom mjestu u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu zbog mrežnog strujanja. Ondje je do siječnja 2018. godine bio prodan u 446.000 primjeraka.

U SAD-u je debitirao na prvom mjestu sa 181.000 prodanih primjeraka. Bio je to prvi Bowiejev album koji se našao na prvom mjestu u SAD-u i označio je njegov najveći broj prodanih primjeraka po tjednu. Te je godine postao četrnaesti najprodavaniji album u SAD-u jer je bio prodan u 448.000 primjeraka.

Uradak se našao na prvom mjestu u 24 države, na drugom mjestu pojavio se u Grčkoj, Meksiku, Južnoj Koreji i Tajvanu, četvrom mjestu u Mađarskoj i petom mjestu u Japanu.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

David Bowie
David Bowie – električna gitara (na pjesmi "Lazarus"), usna harmonika (na pjesmi "I Can't Give Everything Away"), gudački aranžman (na pjesmi "Blackstar"), vokali, akustična gitara, produkcija, miksanje
Dodatni glazbenici
Donny McCaslin – saksofon, flauta, drveni puhački instrumenti
Jason Lindner – klavir, klavijature, Wurlitzerove orgulje
Tim Lefebvre – bas-gitara
Mark Guiliana – bubnjevi, udaraljke
Ben Monder – gitara
Tony Visconti – gudački instrumenti (na skladbi "Lazarus"), produkcija, miksanje, tonska obrada
James Murphy – udaraljke (na pjesmama 4 i 5)
Erin Tonkon – prateći vokali (na pjesmi "'Tis a Pity She Was a Whore"), dodatna inženjerica zvuka

Ostalo osoblje
Tom Elmhirst – miksanje
Joe LaPorta – mastering
Kevin Killen – tonska obrada
Kabir Hermon – pomoćni inženjer zvuka
Joe Visciano – pomoć pri miksanju
Barnbrook – dizajn
Jimmy King – fotografija
Johan Renck – fotografija (za pjesmu "Dollar Days")
NASA – slika zvijezde

Ljestvice

Izvori

Albumi iz 2016.
Albumi Davida Bowieja

Blackstar (album)


Georges Goychman, né le  à Paris et mort le  dans la même ville, est un militaire français, Compagnon de la Libération. Mobilisé au début de la seconde guerre mondiale, il choisit de se rallier à la France libre en 1940 et participe aux combats en Afrique et en Europe. Après la guerre, il poursuit sa carrière militaire jusqu'au grade de général de brigade.

Biographie

Jeunesse et engagement

Enfant d'un couple d'immigrés russes, Georges Goychman naît le 24 janvier 1914 à Paris. Son père, naturalisé français par engagement dans l'armée, est tué en 1915 dans les combats de la première guerre mondiale. Sa mère élève donc seule le petit Georges qui est fait pupille de la Nation
. Après un début de scolarité dans le  arrondissement, il devient à  photographe retoucheur avant de reprendre ses études quatre ans plus tard. Titulaire du baccalauréat, il entre à l'université mais échoue à l'oral d'une licence de physique, bien qu'ayant réussi à l'écrit. Il effectue pendant quelques mois des remplacements en tant qu'instituteur avant d'être appelé sous les drapeaux en 1938. il est alors affecté dans l'artillerie à Poitiers.

Seconde Guerre mondiale

Élève officier de réserve lors de son service militaire, Georges Goychman est maintenu dans l'armée du fait du déclenchement de la seconde guerre mondiale et promu sous-lieutenant. Affecté au  régiment d'artillerie, il commande une section dans le secteur de Verdun. Attiré par l'aviation, il demande et obtient de devenir observateur en avion et est muté à l'école d'observateurs de Dinard en janvier 1940. Il obtient son brevet le  juin suivant mais, face à l'avancée des troupes allemandes, doit se replier vers Pau avec l'ensemble des personnels de l'école. Refusant l'armistice du 22 juin 1940, il s'enfuit le 25 juin en direction de l'Algérie à bord d'un avion piloté par Francis Melville-Lynch. Arrivé à Oran, il est affecté le mois suivant à Rabat dans l'armée d'armistice puis démobilisé le 31 août. Toujours désireux de poursuivre le combat, il décide de se rallier à la France libre et embarque à Tanger dans un navire qui le mène à Gibraltar puis en Angleterre où il arrive en octobre 1940. Engagé dans les forces aériennes françaises libres, il est aussitôt promu lieutenant et affecté à l'aérodrome d'Odiham où il commande une section d'élèves pilotes. Il quitte l'Angleterre le  juin 1941 et est affecté sur la base de Rayak dont il commande le parc aérien avant d'être muté au groupe de bombardement Lorraine le  octobre de la même année.

Au sein du Lorraine, il prend part à la guerre du désert au-dessus de la Libye d'octobre 1941 à janvier 1942, totalisant vingt-quatre missions de bombardement. Détaché au personnel au sol de la base de Rayak pendant quatre mois, il retrouve le groupe Lorraine le  juin 1942 en étant affecté à l'escadrille Nancy. Avec le groupe de bombardement, il repart pour la Grande-Bretagne en octobre 1942 puis, comme tous les personnels du groupe, suit une période d'instruction et d'entraînement aux techniques de la Royal Air Force (RAF). En avril 1943, il retrouve le groupe Lorraine désormais intégré à la RAF. Il prend part aux opérations sur le front européen et participe à vingt-huit missions au-dessus de la France et des Pays-Bas. Alors qu'il bombarde des rampes de lancement de V1 le 23 décembre 1943, son appareil est touché par la Flak. Aux commandes de l'avion, son camarade d'évasion de 1940 Francis Melville-Lynch réussi à ramener le Boston en Angleterre mais doit se poser en catastrophe. Goychman et Melville-Lynch sont grièvement blessés alors que leurs deux mitrailleurs meurent dans le crash. De retour au combat, il est de nouveau blessé le 10 avril 1944 quand son appareil est touché par la défense antiaérienne mais s'en sort indemne le 8 mai suivant quand son avion est à nouveau atteint. Promu capitaine en juin 1944 et totalisant  de guerre, il quitte le groupe Lorraine en juillet 1944 pour servir comme officier de liaison auprès de l'état-major du général Kœnig commandant les forces françaises en Grande-Bretagne. En septembre 1945, il accompagne son ami Melville-Lynch à bord du B-17 offert au général Kœnig par Eisenhower afin de convoyer Thierry d'Argenlieu en Indochine. Revenant ensuite en Europe via les États-Unis, l'équipage issu du groupe Lorraine réalise un tour du monde en .

Après-Guerre

Poursuivant sa carrière militaire après la guerre, il est affecté au groupe de liaisons aériennes ministérielles sur la base aérienne de Villacoublay et est promu commandant. De janvier 1951 à avril 1952, il participe à la guerre d'Indochine en tant que navigateur et pilote. Promu lieutenant-colonel, il obtient un brevet de pilote d'hélicoptère en juin 1956 puis prend part à la guerre d'Algérie de 1957 à 1958 en commandant le poste de Tlemcen. Promu colonel en avril 1961, il devient général de brigade en 1965 et prend sa retraite la même année avant d'être placé en  section en 1970.

Georges Goychman meurt le 23 mai 1981 à Paris et est inhumé à Orly, dans le Val-de-Marne.

Décorations

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

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 .

Articles connexes

 Ordre de la Libération
 Libération de la France

Liens externes

Résistant français
Officier des Forces aériennes françaises libres
Aviateur français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Général français du XXe siècle
Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Compagnon de la Libération
Titulaire de la croix de guerre 1939-1945
Titulaire de la croix de la Valeur militaire
Titulaire de la médaille coloniale
Naissance en janvier 1914
Naissance dans le 10e arrondissement de Paris
Décès en mai 1981
Décès dans le 5e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 71 ans

Georges Goychman


Eva Lindh (1971) é uma política sueca.  que tem servido como membro do Riksdag em representação do círculo eleitoral do condado de Östergötland.

Ela já serviu como membro suplente do Riksdag quando Johan Löfstrand e Teresa Carvalho estavam em licença parental.

Nascidos em 1971
Pessoas vivas
Políticos da Suécia

Eva Lindh


William Steven "Will" Power (Queensland, Australija, 1. ožujka, 1981.) je australski vozač automobilističkih utrka. Trenutno se natječe u IndyCar prvenstvu za momčad Penske.

Rezultati u IndyCaru

Indianapolis 500

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Vozači IndyCar serije
Australski športaši

Will Power


Liliana Colanzi Serrate, née le  à Santa Cruz de la Sierra dans le département de Santa Cruz en Bolivie, est une romancière, une éditrice et une journaliste bolivienne.

Biographie

Liliana Colanzi naît en 1984 à Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Elle étudie la communication sociale à l' avant de poursuivre ses études aux États-Unis, ou elle obtient une maîtrise en études latino-américaines à l'université de Cambridge et un doctorat en littérature comparée à l'université Cornell. Elle est actuellement professeur de littérature latino-américaine à l'université Cornell.

En 2009, elle coédite l'anthologie Conductas erráticas. En 2010, elle publie un premier recueil de nouvelles, Vacaciones permanentes. En 2013, elle édite la mini-anthologie de nouvelles Mesías. Elle remporte le prix international de littérature Aura Estrada en 2015, un prix décerné aux femmes écrivains de moins de 35 ans qui écrivent en espagnol et résident au Mexique ou aux États-Unis.

En 2017, elle est finaliste du  avec son recueil de nouvelles Nuestro mundo muerto. Cette même année, elle est retenue au sein de la Bogota39, une liste de 39 écrivains latino-américains de moins de 40 ans qui sont jugés parmi les plus remarquables à l'occasion du .

Elle travaille également comme journaliste dans divers médias imprimés tels que El Deber, El Nuevo Día et Número Uno. Ses textes sont notamment parus dans El País, Letras Libres, , The White Review, El Desacuerdo et .

En 2017, elle lance une petite maison d'édition, Dum Dum Editora, avec pour première publication une réédition du roman Eisejuaz de l'écrivaine argentine Sara Gallardo .

Œuvre

Romans et recueils de nouvelles
 Vacaciones permanentes (2010)
 La ola (2014)
 Nuestro mundo muerto (2016)
 Chaco (2020)

Prix et distinctions notables
 Prix international de littérature Aura Estrada en 2015.
 Finaliste du  en 2017 avec Nuestro mundo muerto.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Romancier bolivien
Femme de lettres bolivienne
Journaliste bolivien du XXIe siècle
Naissance à Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Naissance en mars 1981
Étudiant de l'université de Cambridge
Étudiant de l'université Cornell

Liliana Colanzi


ඉන්දියා තැටිය හෝ ඉන්දියානු තැටිය හෝ යනු,  මුලින් පුරාතන ගොන්ඩ්වානාලන්ත මහාද්වීපයේ කොටසක්ව පැවත, පසුව එයින් බිඳී, අත්‍යන්තයේ ප්‍රධාන තැටියක් බවට පත්වූ, භූකාරක තැටියකි.  දළ වශයෙන් , එය අසබඩවූ ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු තැටිය හා සංයෝජනය විය. වර්තමානයේ එය, ප්‍රධාන  ඉන්දු-ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු තැටියෙහි කොටසක් වන අතර, දකුණු ආසියාවේ බොහෝ කොටසක්ද– එනම්, ඉන්දියානු උප මහාද්වීපය – සහ ඉන්දියානු සාගරය පහළින් පවතින දෝණියෙහි කොටසක්ද, දකුණු චීනය සහ  නැගෙනහිර ඉන්දුචීනයෙහි කොටස්ද අයත් සහ, ලදාක්, කවුහිස්තාන් සහ බලොචිස්තානය තෙක් පැතිර පවතින මුත් ඒවා අයත් නොවන ප්‍රදේශයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

භූ තැටි

ඉන්දියානු තැටිය


An Tainia purpureifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Cedric Errol Carr. An Tainia purpureifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tainia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tainia

Tainia purpureifolia


Enver Ališić (* 11. November 1946 in Banja Luka, Jugoslawien) ist ein jugoslawischer bzw. bosnischer Fußballtrainer. In seiner mehr als 30 Jahre umspannenden Laufbahn trainierte er Vereine in Belgien, Deutschland und Südamerika in den höchsten Ligen, darüber hinaus war er Nationaltrainer von Bosnien und Herzegowina.

Karriere
Ališić war Stürmer beim FK Borac Banja Luka in Jugoslawien (1963–1967) sowie später beim KFC Winterschlag (Belgien, 1967–1979). Mit dem KFC Winterschlag stieg er 1972 in die erste belgische Liga auf. Beim KFC begann auch seine Laufbahn als Trainer. Zunächst als Torwarttrainer engagiert, übernahm er 1979/80 übergangsweise die letzten acht Spieltage in der ersten Liga als Trainer, und feierte den Verbleib des KFC Winterschlag in der ersten Liga. Mit Winterschlag wurde er 1980/81 Vierter in der ersten Liga und erreichte damit die Teilnahme am UEFA Cup. Ab 1981 begann er ein Fußball-Praktikum in Südamerika; von Juni bis August bei FC Santos mit dem damaligen Trainer Pepe, ab 1981 von September bis Dezember bei Colo-Colo in Chile, beim damaligen Trainer Pedro Garcia. Von Januar bis März 1982 war er bei CA Boca Juniors in Argentinien, der damalige Trainer war Carlos Grigoul.

Von April bis Juni 1982 hospitierte er beim mexikanischen Klub Necaxa unter Trainer "Perro" Ortega. Nach einem neunmonatigen Praktikum besuchte Ališić die Sport-Universität in Florida, wo Sozialverhalten, Ernährung, Biorhythmus und Videoanalysen im Leistungssport auf dem Lehrplan standen. Nach einjährigem Praktikum in Süd- und Nordamerika – Anfang Januar 1983 – führte sein Weg über Italien nach Europa: von Januar bis März 1983 bei Juventus Turin mit Giovanni Trapattoni und von April bis Mai bei Real Madrid mit Alfredo Di Stéfano.

Von Herbst 1983 bis 30. Juni 1987 war er als weltweiter Scout tätig für die Cannovi Group aus Rom. 1987/1988 begann er als Assistenztrainer bei KFC Winterschlag beim Abstieg des Klubs in die 2. Liga. 1988/1989 arbeitete er als Direktor des Ausbildungszentrums und Scout beim SSC Neapel. Im Mai 1989/90 kam er wieder nach Belgien zum KRC Genk, er schaffte über Play-off Aufstieg in die Erste Liga. 1990 bis 1992 wird er wieder Scout bei der Cannovi Group in Italien. Ab 30. Juni 1992 wird er Sportdirektor von Borussia Neunkirchen in Deutschland. 1993 wird Ališić Nationaltrainer von Bosnien und Herzegowina. Nach einem Jahr kommt er wieder zu KRC Genk in die 2. Liga, er übernimmt den Job als Sportdirektor und Trainer.

1994/95 wird er mit KRC Genk Vizemeister der zweiten Liga, 1995/96 schaffte KRC Genk Aufstieg in die 1. Liga. Mit enormem Einsatz und gutem Konzept hat bei KRC Genk; 10 top Spieler von Belgien wie auch große Kapital für Klub, und acht Spieler wurden Nationalspieler. Aus gesundheitlichen Problemen konnte er seinen Fünf-Jahres-Vertrag nicht bis Ende durcharbeiten. Er blieb als Berater bis 1997 bei KRC Genk. Nach einer Pause von drei Jahren begann er 2000 bei KRC Harelbeke als Sportdirektor und Teammanager 1. Liga. 2000/01 wurde er Manager bei KRC Zuid West Vlaanderen in der 2. Liga. 2005/06 war er Sportdirektor und Trainer beim deutschen Oberligisten FC Anker Wismar und wurde vom DFB im Rahmen der Initiative Fair geht vor geehrt. Seit 2007 ist er Direktor der Fußball Academy und Fußball Leistungsdiagnostik IEFA-Solingen. Diese befindet sich im Sportpark Landwehr.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (FK Borac Banja Luka)
Fußballspieler (KRC Genk)
Fußballtrainer (Jugoslawien)
Fußballtrainer (Bosnien und Herzegowina)
Bosnier
Jugoslawe
Geboren 1946
Mann

Enver Ališić


Poppe ist der Name einer Orgelbauerfamilie aus dem thüringischen Stadtroda, damals Roda. Das Wirken der Familie vollzog sich vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert.

Geschichte
Seit der Gründung 1757 betrieb die Familie Poppe in der Nähe des Stadtrodaer Stadttores über sechs Generationen ihre Orgelbauerwerkstatt bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs. 70 Orgeln im Ostthüringer Raum zeugen von ihrem Schaffen.

Im Jahr 1859 gründete Daniel Adolph Poppe mit seinen Söhnen Ernst und Adolf die Firma Gebr. Poppe, die bis 1889 bestand. Sie wurde 1889 unter dem neuen Namen Ernst Poppe & Sohn von (Johann) Ernst (Karl) und seinem Sohn Bernhard geleitet und bis 1928 fortgeführt.

Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde eine Filiale im badischen Rheinsheim gegründet. Joseph Poppe verlegte 1901 den Sitz der Firma A. Poppe & Söhne von Rheinsheim nach Knittelsheim (Pfalz) und 1905 nach Offenbach an der Queich beim pfälzischen Landau. 1910 lieferte er die Orgel für die protestantische Kirche in Bexbach-Höchen. 1967 starb er.

Die Stadtrodaer Firma verlegte ihren Sitz 1902 nach Schleiz. Der vorletzte Firmeninhaber war Friedrich Ernst Poppe, Sohn von Otto Poppe und Enkel von Ernst Poppe. Er starb am 22. April 1945 bei Kämpfen im Raum Augsburg. Im Zuge der Besetzung von Schleiz verschleppte die Rote Armee den letzten Inhaber in das KZ Buchenwald. Er kehrte nicht zurück und wurde 1947 für tot erklärt.

Familienmitglieder
Die Orgelbauerfamilie lässt sich über drei Jahrhunderte nachweisen:
 Johann Christian (* 9. August 1726 in Roda; † 10. Dezember 1781 in Roda), gründete 1757 die Orgelbauwerkstatt
 Christian Friedrich (I.), (* 3. Oktober 1751 in Roda; † 11. November 1812 in Roda), einziger Sohn von Johann Christian
 Christian Friedrich (II.) (* 13. September 1776 in Roda; † 20. Mai 1834 in Gößnitz), ältester Sohn von Christian Friedrich I.
 Ludwig (Louis) Wilhelm Caspar (* 17. September 1779 in Roda; † 11. November 1859 in Roda), Sohn von Christian Friedrich I., heiratete am 3. November 1807 die Tochter Regina des Kollegen Christian August Gerhard aus Lindig
 Johann August (* 15. November 1782 in Roda; † ca. 1850 in Jena), Sohn von Christian Friedrich I.
 Carl Ernst Poppe (* 7. Oktober 1807 in Roda; † 10. März 1881 in Altenburg), Sohn von Johann August, ab 1834 mit seinem Bruder Johann Gottlieb als Orgelbauer in Altenburg
 Johann Gottlieb (* 22. Oktober 1809 in Roda; † 1. August 1884 in Altenburg), Sohn von Johann August
 (Daniel) Adolph (* 16. Oktober 1807; † 28. Juli 1885), Sohn von Christian Friedrich I. aus zweiter Ehe
 Johann Ludwig (* 6. Oktober 1808 in Roda; † 8. August 1827 in Roda), Sohn von Louis
 (Ernst Heinrich) Adolf (* 9. Juni 1837; † in Landau), Sohn von Daniel Adolph
 (Johann) Ernst (Karl) (* 2. April 1840; † 9. August 1931), Sohn von Daniel Adolph
 Bernhard (Karl Ernst) (* 12. Oktober 1872; † 12. November 1904), Sohn von Johann Ernst Karl
 (Friedrich) Otto (* 22. Juni 1889; † um 1945), Sohn von Johann Ernst Karl
 Friedrich Ernst Kraft (* 1919; † 22. April 1945), Sohn von Friedrich Otto
 Joseph (Adolf) (* 11. Oktober 1879 in Roda; † 4. April 1967 in Kirschweiler), Sohn von Ernst Heinrich Adolf

Werke (Auswahl)

Literatur
 Hartmut Haupt: Orgeln in Ost- und Südthüringen. Ausbildung und Wissen, Bad Homburg/Leipzig 1995.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Poppe Orgelbauer in Roda (heute Stadtroda) auf der Website Hermsdorf regional des Heimatvereins Bad Klosterlausnitz e. V., abgerufen am 13. Mai 2021
 Organ index: Orgelbauerfamilie Poppe

Orgelbauerfamilie
Deutsche Unternehmerfamilie
Unternehmer (17. Jahrhundert)
Unternehmer (18. Jahrhundert)
Unternehmer (19. Jahrhundert)
Unternehmer (20. Jahrhundert)
Orgellandschaft Thüringen

Poppe (Orgelbauer)


On trouvera ci-après une liste non exhaustive d'ouvrages, articles, rapports, mémoires et thèses qui portent sur la vie ou la raison d'être de l'université Paris-VIII.

Ouvrages et articles
 Ardoino, J. et alii, « Éducation et relations » Unesco 78 (L'évolution des relations pédagogiques au département de Sciences de l'éducation)
 Ardoino, Jacques & Guy Berger D'une évaluation en miettes à une évaluation en actes : le cas des universités. Vigneux, Matrices, 1989, 234p.
 Ardoino, Jacques, Berger, Guy & Coulon, Alain 1994 « Les sciences de l'éducation à Paris 8, un quart de siècle » in: Bulletin de l'Afirse-Aipelf, nº 16, oct. 1994. p.3-5.
 Badiou, Alain, « L'aveu du philosophe », conférence, extrait : « L'expérience de ceux qui, à partir du milieu des années 70, ont renoncé à cette entreprise » (2004)
 Barbier, René, L'Approche Transversale, l'écoute sensible en sciences humaines, Paris, Anthropos, 1997, 357 p.
 Barbier, René, « Ici, on braise bien ! Une certaine mémoire de l'Université de Paris 8 à Vincennes ». Libre propos (2005)
 Barbier, René, « Sur l'enseignement en ligne » (Beijing 2001)
 Baruch Marc-Olivier (dir.), Une voix qui manque : écrits en mémoire de Jean Gattegno, Paris : Fayard, 1999, 322 p.
 Beaud, Michel, 1971. Vincennes, An III: le Ministère contre l'Université, éd. J. Martineau
 Berger, Guy (Paris) et Wiltrud Ulrike Drechsel (Brême),  « Conflits et expériences dans deux universités "de gauche" ». Bremen/Paris 8-Vincennes, Paedagogica Europaea 1978
 Berger, Guy, « Université de « gauche » et récupération des rapports de dépendance »,  mondial de Sociologie, Mexico 16-21 août 1982
 Berger, Guy, « L'université face à de nouveaux publics » (1983)
 Berger, Guy, « Interview », Magazine de Paris 8 (juin 2002)
 Berger, Guy, Catz, Tania & Coulon, Alain « Une université du monde contemporain: Paris 8-Vincennes», in L'enseignement supérieur en Europe, Vol.X, nº1, 1985
 Boumard P., Hess R., Lapassade G., L'Université en transe, Paris : Syros, 1987, 173 p.
 Brossat, Alain « Une université de banlieue », (avril 2003)
 Brunet Jacqueline, Cassen Bernard, Chatelet François, Merlin Pierre et Rebérioux Madeleine (dir.), Vincennes ou le désir d'apprendre, Paris : Ed. Alain Moreau, 1979.
 Cauville Martine, « À Paris VIII, la culture est à l'affiche », ( n° 1. mai 1998)
 Centre vidéo-Paris 8, « La vidéo à Paris VIII. De Vincennes à Saint-Denis : bilan et perspectives », in Mattelart A., Stourdzé Y. (dir.), Technologie, culture & communication. Rapports complémentaires, Paris : La documentation française, 1983.
 Chapoulie Jean-Michel, « Enseigner le travail de terrain et l'observation : témoignage sur une expérience (1970-1985)», Genèses, n° 39, 2000, pp. 138-171.
 Charlot, Bernard Les sciences de l'éducation, un enjeu, un défi. ESF, 1995, 223p.
 Couëdel, Annie, «  Vincennes, de ses origines à nos jours » (Symposium de Bogota 17-19 novembre 1999)
 Couëdel, Annie, « REG'ARTS : De l'utopie à la réalité : Une pédagogie à Vincennes, lieu de tous les possibles »
 Coulon, Alain (dir.) 1993 L'évaluation des enseignements de méthodologie documentaire à l'université de Paris VIII, Univ. de Paris VIII, Laboratoire de recherche ethnométhodologique. 100p.
 Coulon, Alain & Maurice Courtois,  « Université, universalité, universaux » (juillet 83)
 Coulon, Alain & Païvandi, Saeed,  « Les étudiants étrangers en France : l'état des savoirs », mars 2003 (Compte-rendu par Ch. Soulié;  Interview dans l'AMUE)
 Coulon, Alain 1997 Le métier d'étudiant. L'entrée dans la vie universitaire. PUF. 219p. (Compte-rendu)
 Courtois, Maurice, « Poète et étudiant. Le devoir de parler ». Colloque « Mémoire et avenir » (mai 1998)
 Courtois, Maurice, « Un archaïsme bienvenu » (juin 2004)
 Debeauvais, Michel « Les sciences de l'éducation en France - une étude de cas : l'Université de Paris VIII (ex-Vincennes) » in Paideia, t.X/1983, pp.183-190
 Debeauvais, Michel (1973) Élaboration d'un modèle d'Université ouverte, sur la base de l'expérience de Vincennes, OCDE-CERI, 10p.
 Debeauvais, Michel (1973) « Note sur l'expérience de Vincennes », in: Connexions, psychologie- sciences humaines, n°5, pp.53-60
 Debeauvais, Michel (1976) L'Université ouverte. Les dossiers de Vincennes, Presses universitaires de Grenoble. 300p.
 Debeauvais, Michel (1982) « Les sciences de l'éducation en France - Une étude de cas: l'Université de Paris VIII (ex-Vincennes) », in Cahiers de la Section des Sciences de l'éducation de l'Université de Genève, n°33, Déc. 1982
 Debouzy Marianne, « Vincennes pour y faire quoi ? », Esprit, n° 11-12, nov.-déc. 1978, pp 87-97.
 Demichel, A. (dir.) Les institutions universitaires - Colloque, 9-10 Juin 1989, Université de Paris VIII 357p.
 Dommergues, Pierre  (dir.), Université de Vincennes. Le Nouvel Ordre Intérieur, s.l.d. Albin Moreau 1980. 393p. (interventions des participants au Colloque de Vincennes sur le Nouvel Ordre Intérieur). (22-24 mars 1979). Le Ch.IX « Université et division du travail », p.171-184, est un compte-rendu par Guy Berger d'une table-ronde organisée dans le cadre de ce Colloque.
 Ennafaa, Ridha (1993) La reconnaissance et la validation des acquis à Paris 8. Étude comparée des flux des bacheliers et des non-bacheliers. Formation permanente DESUP/ MEN, Juillet 1993, Université de Paris VIII, Pratique de Formation.
 Ennafaa, Ridha (1993) Les études à l'étranger: évolutions récentes en France, à l'Université de Paris VIII et Paris 6 - Analyse comparée des flux et des transitions, colloque international de l'AFEC, Sêvres, Mai 1993, Education comparée.
 Ennafaa, Ridha 1986 La transition des étudiants maghrébins en France et à Paris VIII. Education comparée, n°39
 Ennafaa, Ridha 1995 « Les étudiants Beurs à l'Université de Paris VIII : situations et trajectoires particulières des femmes » pp.243-266 in : Pluralisme et éducation : politiques et pratiques au Canada, en Europe et dans les pays du Sud - L'apport de l'éducation comparée, Tome 2. Université de Montréal, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation.
 Faure, Edgar, Rapport à M. le Général de Gaulle Président de la République, sur la création à Vincennes d'un Centre universitaire ayant statut de Faculté, 7-12-1968. 3p., annexes
 Ferrand-Bechmann, Dan, « Le pouvoir d'agir, l'engagement bénévole des étudiants » (2004)
 Fossé-Poliak Claude, « L'accès dérogatoire à l'enseignement supérieur, les autodidactes de Saint-Denis », Revue française de sociologie, n° 32, 1991, pp. 551-575.
 Foucault, Michel «Le piège de Vincennes», Nouvel Observateur, 9 février 1970
 Hamon Hervé et Rothman Patrick, « Vincennes ou l'anomalie », Le débat, n° 12, mai 1981, pp. 38-49. (extraits)
 Henriquez, Sarella, 1977. Les étudiants-enseignants de l'Université de Paris VIII, ronéo.
 Hess, Rémi Chemin faisant Ivan Davy, Vauchrétien, 1996. 147p.
 Hess, Rémi Des sciences de l'éducation Ed. Economica 1997. 112p. ch.III Ethnographie d'un département de sciences de l'éducation : Paris VIII (« Vincennes à Saint-Denis ») (pp.66-98)
 Hess, Rémi Le temps des médiateurs. Le socioanalyste dans le travail social Ed. Anthropos. 1981. 453p. (pp.52 à 89)
 Homer Sébastien, « Université Paris VIII : que reste-t-il de Vincennes ? » (L'Humanité, 29/03/03)
 Kim, Sunmi, Verrier, Christian, (S/Dir) Le plaisir d'apprendre en ligne à l'université. Implication et pédagogie, Belgique, De Booeck université, 2009
 Lacan J., Textes sur Vincennes (oct. 1978)
 Loubière, Paul, 2001. «Paris-VIII, la fac pas comme les autres». Le Nouvel observateur. Nº 31 mai
 Mallet Robert, « A la recherche d'une université perdue... », Spirales, revue mensuelle de documentation économique, n°11, octobre 1966, pp.37-40.
 Martinon J.-P., « Histoire lacunaire du département de sociologie de l'Université de Paris VIII, (nov. 2005 - cf. département de sociologie)
 Merlin, Pierre L'Université assassinée. Vincennes: 1968-1980 éd. Ramsay, 1980. 291p.
 Merlin, Pierre (dir.). Vincennes ou le désir d'apprendre, éd.Alain Moreau, 1979. 301p.
 Nestel Ch., « Interview de G. Lapassade » (11 décembre 1995)
 Observatoire de la vie étudiante  (Les nouveaux inscrits en deug à P 8 ; Les étudiants fantômes; Les diplômés de 1996 à 2002)
 Passeron, Jean-Claude, « Les derniers jours de Vincennes à Vincenne », in Semiotica, n°122 («Luis Prieto et les noms propres»), septembre 1998, New-York, Berlin.
 Poisson-Quinton, Sylvie « Étudiants étrangers à Paris VIII : évolution 1968-1998 » (avril 1998)
 Pujade-Renaud, Claude & Daniel Zimmermann Les écritures mêlées. Paris: Julliard, 1995. 472p. (pp. 84-86, 155-165, 172-177, 210-218, 254-255).
 Scherer, René, Hospitalités, Paris: Economica, 2004.
 Sokologorsky, Irène, « Notre Université » Introduction au Contrat d'établissement 1992-95
 Soulié, Charles,  « Quelle université voulons-nous? De l'application du L.M.D à l'Université de Paris-8 à Saint-Denis», (L'école démocratique, lundi 1er mars 2004)
 Soulié, Charles, « Vincennes » in Emmanuel Waresqueil (dir.), Le siècle rebelle : dictionnaire de la contestation au XXe siècle, Paris : Larousse, 1999.
 Soulié, Charles, « Le destin d'une institution d'avant-garde : histoire du département de philosophie de Paris VIII », Histoire de l'éducation, n° 77, 1998. (ou fac-similé)
 Soulié, Charles, « L'enseignement philosophique à l'université (sur Paris 1, comparaisons avec Paris 8)
 Soulié, Charles (dir)  Un mythe à détruire ? Vincennes fac ouverte à tous  Saint-Denis, P.U.V. 2012
 Vélis, J.-P., « Vincennes : la rançon du succès », L'éducation, nº313, 24 mars 1977
 —, Université de Paris VIII, Vincennes : vaine scène ?, Saint-Denis : 1981, 50 p.
 —, « Texte d'orientation pédagogique, adopté par le Conseil d'université, Saint-Denis, 27 juin 1981

Rapports
 Comité national d'évaluation, 1988. L'Université de Paris VIII - Vincennes à Saint-Denis - Rapport d'évaluation (Résumé)
 Comité national d'évaluation, 2005. Rapport d'évaluation de l'Université Paris 8 Vincennes - Saint-Denis, 76 p. (Compte-rendu)
 Lapassade, Georges, 1985 La première année à Paris VIII
 Schwartz, Bertrand Rapport à M. le Ministre des Universités sur l'Université de Vincennes Octobre 1974, par un groupe d'experts ministériels (MM. Dulck, Mayeur, Schwartz)
 Schwartz, Bertrand et al., Rapport Schwartz (Dulck, Mayeur, Salmon) sur l'Université de Paris VIII (1974)
 Document préparatoire au projet d'établissement (dans le cadre de la politique contractuelle, par Francine Demichel, Présidente. (extraits), Avril 1990, 86p.
 Mellet, François « Sortir de la crise » Appel pour une réflexion sur le département d'urbanisme, juin 1981.
 Merlin, Pierre, « Note sur la dimension prospective nécessaire à l'université culturelle, (préparation des assises, 6 avril 1981)
 Plaisance, M. & Rebérioux, M. & Slama, B., Texte élaboré pour la Commission pédagogique, 1978

Thèses et mémoires
 Audebert Sébastien., Les enseignants du département de philosophie du CUEV à sa création : 1968-1970, mémoire de l'IEP de Paris sous la direction de C. Prochasson, 1999.
 Coulon, Alain. Le métier d'étudiant. Approches méthodologique et institutionnelle de l'entrée dans la vie universitaire. Université Paris 8, thèse de doctorat d'État. 3 tomes, 1130 p. 1990
 Faucherre Rémy, Atypie-utopie : Vincennes, naissance d'une université mai 1968-janvier 1969, maîtrise d'histoire sous la direction de Michelle Perrot, Université Paris 7 - Diderot, UFR de Géographie, histoire et sciences sociales, 1991-1992.
 Henriquez, Sarella. L'analyse de la relation pédagogique par l'observation des attitudes et des comportements des enseignants. Thèse de 3e cycle, Université Paris 8, 1975
 Kane, M.  Le séjour d'études des étudiants sénégalais. Mémoire de maîtrise, Université Paris 8, 1984
 Kerkeni, Ridha Le projet de l'étudiant étranger : le cas des étudiants tunisiens de Paris VIII. Mémoire de DEA en sciences de l'éducation, 1996, 101p., annexe.
 Leite Emmanuel, Travailleurs immigrés et alphabétisation dans le cadre de l'Université de Vincennes, mémoire de maîtrise sous la direction de Georges Lapassade, Université Paris 8, 1976.
 Paivandi, Saeed Les étudiants iraniens en France - Le cas de l'Université de Paris VIII. Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris 8, 1991.
 Pinon Navarro G. L'adaptation des étudiants étrangers en France : le cas des étudiants latino-américains de l'Université de Paris VIII. Mémoire de DEA, Université Paris 8, 1988.
 Rabenadimby A. La continuation des études en France : le cas des étudiants malgaches mémoire de maîtrise, 1985.
 Stamelos, Y. G. S. Le phénomène étudiants étrangers : le cas des étudiants hellènes dans les universités françaises. Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris 8, 1990.
 Vasconcellos, Maria-Drosile. Les usages sociaux des études en sciences de l'éducation. Thèse de 3e cycle, Université Paris 8, 1982.
 Wang S. T. Pourquoi la France? Motifs du choix du pays d'étude : le cas des étudiants taïwanais en France. Mémoire de maîtrise, Université Paris 8, 1993.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
  .

Articles connexes
 Université Paris-VIII

Liens externes
 Site de l'université Paris 8
 .
 .

Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis
Université Paris 8

Bibliographie sur l'université Paris 8


Willie Nelson (d. 30 Nisan 1933) Teksas doğumlu Amerikalı country-folk sanatçısıdır. Başında bandanası, elinde gitarı ve "mayalı" tabir edilen sesiyle Amerikan folk müziğinde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Altı yaşında gitarla tanıştı. Annesinin evi terk etmesi ve babasının ölümü sonrası pamuk tarlalarında çalıştı. Kariyerinin ilk dönemlerinde radyolarda dj'lik yaptı. İlk şarkısı 'No place for me' çok fazla ses getirmedi. Bu dönem ilk evliliğini de Cherokee kanı taşıyan Martha Jewel Matthews ile yaptı. Nelson bundan sonra üç evlilik daha yaptı ve toplam yedi çocuk sahibi oldu.

Willie Nelson'ı üne kavuşturan şarkı ise "Always on my Mind"dır. Nelson şarkıların dışında  Kanun Namına (dizi) dizisi dışında Robert Redford ile The Electric Horseman olmak üzere Honeysuckle Rose, Thief, Barbarosa, Songwriter gibi filmlerde de oynadı.

Diskografi

Albümleri

(Koyu yazılmış albümler Billboard En Çok Satılanlar sıralamalarındadır.)
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Albüm || Yıl || Birlikte çalıştığı
|-
| Yesterday's Wine || 1971 ||
|-
| Shotgun Willie || 1973 ||
|-
| Troublemaker || 1973 ||
|-
| Phases and Stages || 1974 ||
|-
| Red Headed Stranger || 1975 ||
|-
| Sound in Your Mind || 1976 ||
|-
| Wanted: The Outlaws! || 1976 || Jessi Colter, Tompall Glaser, and Waylon Jennings
|-
| To Lefty From Willie || 1977 ||
|-
| Stardust || 1978 ||
|-
| Six Pak Volume 1 || 1978 || Ray Wylie Hubbard, Cooder Browne, Don Bowman, Steve Fromholz, and Geezinslaws
|-
| Face Of A Fighter || 1978 ||
|-
| Willie and Family Live || 1978 ||
|-
| Honeysuckle Rose || 1980 ||
|-
| Somewhere Over the Rainbow || 1981 || Freddie Powers
|-
| Greatest Hits (& Some That Will Be) || 1981
|-
| The Winning Hand || 1982 || Dolly Parton, Kris Kristofferson, and Brenda Lee
|-
| Always On My Mind || 1982+ ||
|-
| Pancho & Lefty || 1982 || Merle Haggard
|-
| City of New Orleans || 1984 ||
|-
| Half Nelson (album) || 1984 || Includes Ray Charles, Bonnie Raitt and more
|-
| Music from Songwriter || 1984 || Kris Kristofferson
|-
| Promised Land || 1986 ||
|-
| Horse called Music || 1989 ||
|-
| The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? || 1992 ||
|-
| Across The Borderline || 1992 ||
|-
| Healing Hands of Time || 1994
|-
| Revolutions of Time 1975-1993 || 1995 ||
|-
| Spirit || 1996 ||
|-
| Teatro || 1998 ||
|-
| Milk Cow Blues || 2000 ||
|-
| Rainbow Connection || 2001 ||
|-
| The Great Divide || 2002 ||
|-
| Crazy: The Demo Sessions || 2003 ||
|-
| Angels & Outlaws || 2004 ||
|-
| It Always Will Be || 2004 ||
|-
| Nacogdoches (albüm)|Nacogdoches || 2004 ||
|-
| Songs for Tsunami Relief: Austin to South Asia || 2005 ||
|-
| Countryman || 2005 ||
|-
| Brokeback Mountain ("He Was a Friend of Mine") || 2005 ||
|-
| You Don't Know Me: The Songs of Cindy Walker || 2006 ||
|-
| The Great American Songbook || 2006 ||
|-
| Songbird || 2006 || feat. Ryan Adams and The Cardinals
|-
| Last of the Breed || 2007 || with Merle Haggard and Ray Price. To be released in March on the Lost Highway records.
|-
|}
† — Always On My Mind'' Billboard's Top Pop Album listelerinde 2 numaraya yükselmiştir ki bu 1980'li yıllarda seyrek görülebilen bir olaydır.

Şarkıları
 "I Gotta Get Drunk"
 "Night Life"
 "Highwayman", written by Jimmy Webb
 "American Remains"
 "Hello Walls"
 "Half a Man"
 "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up To Be Cowboys"
 "Me and Paul"
 "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys"
 "Pretty Paper"
 "Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning"
 "Funny How Time Slips Away"
 "Bloody Mary Morning" (1974)
 "On the Road Again" (1980)
 "Write Your Own Songs" (1982)
 "Always on My Mind" (1982)
 "City of New Orleans" (1984), written by Steve Goodman
 "Loving Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)"
 "Beer for My Horses"
 "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"
 "Good Hearted Woman", co-written by Waylon Jennings
 "Still Is Still Moving to Me"
 "Crazy" (1961)
 "We Had It All"
 "I'am My Own Grandpa"
 "Who'll Buy My Memories"
 "Whiskey River"
 "The Thrill Is Gone"

Gospel Şarkıları
 "Amazing Grace"
 "Tell It to Jesus"
 "Family Bible" (1960)
 "Uncloudy Day"
 "I'll Fly Away"
 "I Saw The Light", written by Hank Williams

Filmleri

Kitapları

Dış bağlantılar

Resmi web siteler
 Willie Nelson "World Headquarters" (Resmi Site)
 Willie Nelson Peace Research Institute (Resmi Site)
 Willie Nelson Live Music Downloads (Resmi Site)
 Club Luck
 Country Music Hall of Fame
 Farm Aid Resmî site
 BioWillie Fuel
 Nelson'ın Biodiesel Şirketi
 MySpace'de Willie Nelson
 Willie Nelson Lost Highway  Resmi Artist Sayfası
 Rolling Stone'da Willie Nelson

Röportajlar
 Willie Nelson: A Pot-Smoking Outlaw-Hippie From Austin
 Fresh Air Röportajı
 Willie Nelson Bets on Biodiesel

Film

Fotograflar
 Will Ritz 1974'te

1933 doğumlular
Amerikalı erkek gitaristler
Amerikalı erkek sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı country şarkıcıları
Amerikalı müzik yapımcıları
Amerikalı aktivistler
Çeroki asıllı Amerikalılar
İngiliz asıllı Amerikalılar
İrlanda asıllı Amerikalılar
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Columbia Records sanatçıları
Yaşayan insanlar
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı yazarları
Teksas doğumlu şarkıcılar
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı şarkıcılar
Amerikalı country gitaristleri
Amerikalı erkek şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
Grammy Efsane Ödülü sahipleri
Grammy Yaşam Boyu Başarı Ödülü sahipleri
Amerikan Müzik Liyakat Ödülü sahipleri

Willie Nelson


Caldwell 7 er en spiralgalakse med en afstand på 8 mio. lysår i stjernebilledet Giraffen.

Virgo-superhoben
Individuelle galakser

Caldwell 7


La lex Calpurnia de repetundis fue una ley romana del año 149 a. C. promulgada por el tribuno de la plebe Lucio Calpurnio Pisón Frugi como consecuencia de los abusos de los gobernadores provinciales durante la primera mitad del siglo II a. C. y que culminaron en la escandalosa conducta de Servio Sulpicio Galba durante su gobierno de la Hispania Ulterior.

Contenido
Esta ley dictaminaba que las acusaciones por malversación de fondos contra los gobernadores serían presididas por un pretor peregrino y un jurado procedentes del orden senatorial.

Este es el primer ejemplo de un tribunal permanente, que no imponía ninguna pena pública, pero sí la condena por daños y perjuicios. Debido a su ineficacia en términos preventivos, ya que desde su instauración hasta 124 a. C. solo se fallaron procesos absolutorios, acabó siendo sustituida por la lex Acilia repetundarum.

Véase también
 Ley Acilia Calpurnia

Referencias

Bibliografía

Calpurnia
149 a. C.
Derecho en el siglo II a. C.
República romana en el siglo II a. C.

Lex Calpurnia


Franjo Katinčić (1861. – Zemun, listopada 1941.), hrvatski građevinar, djelovao u Zemunu

Životopis
Rođen u okolici Siska, zajedno s ocem, majkom i bratom Josipom došao je u Zemun između 1865. i 1867. U Zemunu je završio zidarski zanat. Potkraj sedamdesetih godina 19. stoljeća počeo je raditi kao zidarski majstor, a a potkraj devedesetih postao je građevinski poduzetnik. U to vrijeme oženio se u Zemunu Cecilijom Potje, koja je bila podrijetlom iz Alzasa, ali je obitelj već bila starosjedilačka u Zemunu. Imao je dva sina i jednu kćer. Mladi sin Franja umro je mlad bez nasljednika, kći Ana udala se za Miju Barca, a Stjepan, stariji sin, oženio se Marijom Leichinger. Kao građevinski poduzetnik Katinčić je bio poznat u Zemunu i dugo godina cijenjeni član ceha zemunskih obrtnika. Kao građevinski poduzetnik izgradio je više kuća u Zemunu po želji kupaca. Za sebe je izgradio kuću u Pantelićevoj ulici br. 12 (sada Sonje Marinković br. 20), izdavanjem koje je htio osigurati starost. Kuća je napravljena 1912. i sastojala se od 4 troipolsobna stana (tri od 107 četvornih metara i jedan od 111 četvornih metara) u glavnoj zgradi i tri jednosobna stana u dvorišnoj zgradi. Osim toga sazidao je obiteljsku kuću u Prigrevici br. 84 i kuću za svojeg bratića, također u Prigrevici. U Prigrevici je sazidao i kuću za obitelj Veseli. S tvrtkom J. Kraus i J. Cimerman sudjelovao je u gradnji Pučke dječačke škole 1913, a u dva mandata bio je član zastupništva u zemunskom poglavarstvu. Gotovo do kraja života bavio se građevinskim radom i poduzetništvom. Bio je predsjednik pjevačkog društva »Rodoljub« i »Hrvatskog sokola«. Umro je u Zemunu u listopadu 1941. Njegov posao i njegovu tvrtku naslijedio je njegov sin Stjepan, školovan u Zagrebu. Na njegovoj kući u Zemunu postoje inicijali: gradio F. K. 1911. godine.

Izvori

Životopisi, Zemun
Hrvatski poduzetnici
Građevinarstvo

Franjo Katinčić


Svijet

Književna djela

 Kome zvono zvoni Ernesta Hemingwaya

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 10. ožujka – Mihail Bulgakov, ruski pisac, dramaturg i kazališni redatelj (* 1891.)
 16. ožujka – Selma Lagerlöf, švedska književnica (* 1858.)
 21. prosinca – Francis Scott Fitzgerald, američki romanopisac i novelist (* 1896.)

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1940.


6060 Doudleby este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6060 Doudleby este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Kleť de Antonín Mrkos. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,61 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 9,9° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1980
Centura de asteroizi

6060 Doudleby


La Asociación de Centros de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (sigla: ACUNI) es la organización que aglutina a todos los estudiantes matriculados en carreras de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (Perú). En la ACUNI están federados los centros de estudiantes de las diferentes facultades de dicha universidad.

Fue fundada en 1913, con lo que se convierte en una de las primeras organizaciones estudiantiles de su tipo en el continente y la primera en el Perú.

Historia
La Asociación de Centros de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (ACUNI) es la más antigua asociación estudiantil del Perú. Fue fundada el 16 de mayo de 1913, bajo el nombre de Asociación de Estudiantes de Ingeniería (AEI).

Organización
La ACUNI ha adoptado, a lo largo de su historia, diferentes formas de organización. Actualmente funciona con una mesa directiva elegida en votación universal estudiantil. Los Centros de Estudiantes son la forma de organización en las facultades.

Bibliografía
 Ing. Edilberto Huamaní Huamaní. El Movimiento Estudiantil en la UNI, Lima, Fondo Editorial de la Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, 2011.

Véase también
 Manifiesto Liminar
 Reforma universitaria argentina
 Movimiento estudiantil

Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (Perú)
Organizaciones estudiantiles de Perú
Organizaciones fundadas en 1913


Das Freiheitsdenkmal (spanisch: Monumento a la Libertad) befindet sich in der Mitte der Plaza de Armas von Trujillo in Peru. Es wurde vom Dresdner Bildhauer Edmund Moeller geschaffen.

Geschichte

Anlässlich des einhundertsten Jahrestages der Unabhängigkeit Trujillos vom spanischen Vizekönigreich Peru nach der Expedition von San Martín 1820 bis 1822 wurde 1920 eine internationale Ausschreibung für die Errichtung eines Denkmals ausgelobt, bei der sich der Entwurf des Deutschen Edmund Moeller aus 104 eingereichten Entwürfen durchsetzen konnte. Baubeginn war 1925, die Einweihung fand nach über vierjähriger Bauzeit am 4. Juli 1929 statt. Das Monumento a la Libertad gilt als Moeller's wichtigstes Werk, für das er  von der peruanischen Regierung den höchsten peruanischen Staatspreis, den Orden El Sol del Perú erhielt.

Das Preisgeld der Jury betrug 1000 Peruanische Pfund, die 10.000 Soles de Oro entsprachen. Die Gesamtkosten beliefen sich auf 250.000 Soles de Oro.

Gestaltung

Auf einer Granitbasis baut sich der 30 Meter hohe und 25 Meter breite Memorialbau aus drei Stufen, gestaltet aus Travertin, auf: Die erste besteht aus einer kreisförmigen Plattform, dem Postament, mit Sockeln für Skulpturen, die symbolisch Kunst, Wissenschaft, Landwirtschaft, Handel und Gesundheit darstellen. Die zweite Abteilung besteht aus drei robusten Bildsäulen: Eine Bildsäule eines zusammengekauerten Mannes symbolisiert die Sklaverei. Die zweite Figur erhebt sich nach vorne, die Hände im Rücken gebunden, den Kampf um die Freiheit symbolisierend. Die dritte Bildsäule stellt einen aufrecht stehenden Mann dar, einen Arm ausgestreckt und eine Faust bildend, der die Befreiung symbolisiert.

In den Korpus sind Gedenktafeln eingelassen: die erste dieser Bronzereliefs stellt die Ausrufung der Unabhängigkeit von Trujillo durch José Bernardo de Tagle Portocarrero am 29. Dezember 1820 dar; die zweite Tafel gedenkt der Schlacht von Junín am 6. August 1824, und die dritte Tafel gedenkt der entscheidenden Schlacht von Ayacucho am 9. Dezember 1824.

Die Statue auf der Spitze steht auf einer Weltkugel und hält in der rechten Hand eine Freiheitsfackel.

Die bildhauerischen Arbeiten und die Ausgestaltung fanden in Sachsen statt, die monumentalen Teile wurden dann über Bremerhaven nach Trujillo verfrachtet, was zu einem zweijährigen Aufenthalt Moellers in Peru führte.

Die Plaza de Armas ist der Hauptplatz Trujillos und Anziehungspunkt für Touristen.

Literatur

 Edmund Moeller: Zwei Jahre in Peru. Bildwerke, Aquarelle, Graphik. Sächsischer Kunstverein, Dresden 1929. (Ausstellungskatalog, Brühlsche Terrasse, Oktober/November 1929).
 Antje Kirsch: Edmund Moeller. Auf der Suche nach einem vergessenen Dresdner Bildhauer.Dresdner Verlagsanstalt, Dresden 2005, ISBN 3-00-016355-7.

Weblinks

 Historia del Monumento de la Libertad en Trujillo, spanisch

Denkmal in Südamerika
Trujillo (Peru)

Freiheitsdenkmal (Trujillo)


Proba de sanie, individual feminin de la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 de la Pyeongchang, Coreea de Sud a avut loc pe 12 și 13 februarie 2018 la Olympic Sliding Centre.

Program
Orele sunt orele Coreei de Sud (ora României + 7 ore).

Rezultate
Cele patru runde s-au desfășurat pe parcursul a două zile.

Note

Sanie la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018

Sanie la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 - Individual (feminin)


Watts ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der Mondvorderseite am östlichen Rand des Mare Tranquillitatis, östlich des Kraters da Vinci.
Der Kraterrand ist unregelmäßig und das Innere von Lava geflutet.

Der Krater wurde 1973 von der IAU nach dem US-amerikanischen Astronomen Chester Burleigh Watts offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Watts auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Watts (Mondkrater)