USS Hoel (DDG-13), named for Lieutenant Commander William R. Hoel USN (1824–1879), was a  guided missile destroyer.

Hoel was laid down by Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City, Michigan, on 3 August 1959, launched on 4 August 1960 by Mrs. Harry H. Long, granddaughter of Lieutenant Commander Hoel and commissioned on 16 June 1962, Commander Allen W. Slifer in command.

Hoel served as plane guard for aircraft carriers on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf, participated in Sea Dragon operations, patrolled on Search and rescue duties and carried out Naval Gunfire Support missions during the Vietnam War.

History

1960s
After fitting out at Boston, Hoel got underway for her first homeport, San Diego, putting in at Norfolk, Virginia; Mayport and Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Guantanamo Bay; Cartagena, Colombia; Canal Zone; and Acapulco, Mexico, during the voyage. During the passage from Cartagena to the Canal Zone she came upon sailing yacht Stardrift becalmed and adrift en route to Sydney, Australia, from London. Hoel towed the  craft  to safety in Panama.

Hoel arrived in San Diego on 11 September 1962 and spent the ensuing months completing the various inspections, tests, and trials by the Board of Inspection and Survey. When successful firing of ASROC and Tartar missiles completed her qualification and acceptance trials, Hoel joined the ready 1st Fleet.

After a 3-week cruise to Esquimalt, British Columbia, Hoel spent April and May 1963 in Pearl Harbor conducting special exercises. She then returned to waters off San Diego to participate in the Presidential Demonstration held for President John F. Kennedy.

The months of July, August, and part of September were spent at Long Beach Naval Shipyard for the post-shakedown availability assigned each new ship approximately 1 year after commissioning. At this time improved fire-control radars were installed and tested by successful missile firings. Hoel departed Long Beach on 17 October 1963 for duty in the Western Pacific to serve as the flagship of Commander Destroyer Division 12.

In ensuing years she alternated deployments in the Far East with operations off the West Coast. Her 1966 deployment to the Western Pacific began when she departed San Diego 28 July. On September she was on search and rescue patrol off Da Nang, Vietnam. On 8 December the guided missile destroyer became naval gunfire support ship in the Corps I area. She fired 2,100 rounds destroying at least 20 enemy structures and two trench networks; damaging 61 buildings, three bunkers, eight trench networks, and five roads; and killing 24 Viet Cong while wounding seven. Hoel retired to Hong Kong 21 December but headed for Yankee Station the day after Christmas to screen the aircraft carrier . On this patrol she helped to rescue a pilot after his A-4 Skyhawk had crashed.

On 19 October 1987, Hoel was one of 4 ships participating in Operation Nimble Archer, destroying 2 militarized oil platforms in the Persian Gulf. Twenty minutes before the surface action group opened fire, USS Thach radioed the platforms, telling the crews to abandon them. At 2 pm, four U.S. destroyers opened fire: USS Hoel, USS Leftwich, USS Kidd, and USS John Young. One platform was boarded by U.S. special forces, who recovered teletype messages and other documents, then planted explosives to destroy the platform. Air cover was provided by the cruisers USS Long Beach and USS William H. Standley, two F-14 Tomcat fighters and an E-2 Hawkeye from USS Ranger. The high-explosive shells did negligible blast damage to the steel-lattice platforms, but eventually set them ablaze. Hoel fired nearly 400 rounds during this operation.

Decommissioning
Hoel was decommissioned on 1 October 1990, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 November 1992 and sold on 20 June 1994.

Hoel was one of seven decommissioned US naval vessels purchased by Charleston Shipbuilders Inc. (CSI) in 1994. The corporation planned to use the ships' power plants to generate electricity which they would then sell commercially. In theory, each ship would be able to generate approximately fifty megawatts of electricity, enough to supply approximately 150,000 households.

Power Barge
The city of Manaus, Brazil had rapidly expanded since it was declared a tax-free zone by the Brazilian government in 1967. Eletronorte, the local power utility service, had been unable to keep up with the increasing demand and Manaus experienced frequent blackouts. In 1997, CSI negotiated a thirty million dollar contract to supply power to Manaus.

The ex-Hoel was chosen as the ship to be used. However, the plans of both companies were too optimistic. Eletronorte announced that ex-Hoel would be delivering power within only a few days of its arrival in Manaus. CSI had failed to test the ship's equipment fully before departing for Brazil and failed to appreciate how many repairs the ship's 38-year-old power plant might require. The ship ended up needing weeks of work after its arrival in Brazil before it could begin generating power and numerous repairs after that. Repairs were much more difficult to accomplish in Brazil because the parts and technicians now had to be brought in from CSI's headquarters back in the United States. Meanwhile, many people in Manaus had become angry over the failed power delivery and there were violent protests.  The ex-Hoel was never able to generate more than a quarter of the electricity that had been promised and that only periodically. After a year of failed attempts, Eletronorte cancelled its contract with CSI.

Research on this can be found here... https://sites.google.com/site/usshoelddg13site/home/hoel-history/post-decomm

References

External links
 Since 2009, a website for sailors of USS Hoel DDG-13
hullnumber.com: USS Hoel
navsource.org:  USS Hoel

Cold War destroyers of the United States
Vietnam War destroyers of the United States
Ships built in Bay City, Michigan
1960 ships
Charles F. Adams-class destroyers
Powerships

USS Hoel (DDG-13)


Anika Niederwieser (født 28. februar 1992 i Brixen, Italien) er en kvindelig italiensk håndboldspiller, der spiller for Thüringer HC i Handball-Bundesliga Frauen, hun kom til klubben i 2021, efter at havde spillet for TuS Metzingen. Hun har tidligere spillet for italienske Esercito Figh Futura Roma og det hun optræder også for Italiens kvindehåndboldlandshold.

Hun var med til at vinde, EM i strandhåndbold i 2011 og 2015.

Meritter
Handball-Bundesliga Frauen:
Vinder: 2018
DHB-Supercup:
Vinder: 2016

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Italien
Håndboldspillere fra Thüringer HC
Håndboldspillere fra TuS Metzingen

Anika Niederwieser


Kocasinan, Kayseri ilinin merkez ilçelerinden biridir. Nüfus bakımından Kayseri'nin en büyük 2. ilçesidir.

Tarihçe
Kocasinan ilçesinin müstakil bir tarihi yapılaşması yoktur. Çünkü Kayseri şehrinin bünyesinden doğduğu için Kayseri ilinin tarihi yapısı içindedir. Bu sebeple ilçenin tarihi yapısı şehir merkezi tarihi yapısı içinde ele alınmalıdır.
Kayseri şehri klasik çağlarda Kapadokya adı verilen bölgede olup, M.Ö. 2000-1750 tarihlerinde Hitit şehir devletlerinin hakimiyeti görülür. Sonraları (M.Ö. 1200-700) Geç Hitit Devri gelir. M.Ö. 600-500 yıllarında Med ve Pers hakimiyeti başlar. Daha sonra İskender ve Diyadoklar bölgede hakimdirler. İskender'in ölümünden sonra Anadolu toprakları Diyadoklar arasında paylaşılır. Kayseri, Bağımsız Kapadokya Krallığı'nın merkezi haline geldikten sonra bu Krallık, Roma tarafından yönetilir hale gelmiştir. 395 yılında Roma İmparatorluğu'nun ikiye ayrılmasından sonra Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu sınırları içerisinde kalan bölge günümüze kadar önemini koruyabilmiştir.

Bizanslılar'ın elindeyken 7. yüzyıldan itibaren kısa sürelerle Arap komutanları tarafından zapt edilmiştir. 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi'nden sonra Selçuklular tarafından fethedilen şehir, 1127 yılında Danişmentliler'den Emir Gazi'nin eline geçmiştir. Anadolu Selçuklularından Kılıçarslan 1176 yılında Danişmentliler'den şehri geri almış,  Alaattin Keykubat zamanında önem kazanmış, Konya'dan sonra Selçukluların ikinci başkenti olmuştur. 1244 yılında İlhanlı hücumlarına maruz kalan şehir Moğol-İlhanlı valilerince idare edilmiş, bunlardan Emir Eretna'nın Kayseri'de büyük bir beylik kurması üzerine 1343 yılında beyliğin merkezi olmuştur. 1381 yılında Kadı Burhanettin Beyliği'ni görüyoruz. 1398 yılında Kadı Burhanettin'in ölümü ile beylik önemini kaybetmiş, Osmanlılar'dan Yıldırım Beyazıt şehri anlaşma yolu ile hakimiyetine almıştır. 2. Mahmut döneminde Karaman'ın livası olan Kayseri, 1846 yılında Yozgat'a, 1867 yılında Ankara'ya bağlı idi. Kayseri 2. Meşrutiyetin ilanından sonra bağımsız bir sancak olmuştur. Kültepe arkeolojik sit alanı bulunmaktadır.

Nüfus

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kayseri'nin mahalleleri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Kocasinan Belediyesi
 T.C. Kocasinan Kaymakamlığı

Kocasinan


Technical sergeant is the name of two current and two former enlisted ranks in the United States Armed Forces, as well as in the U.S. Civil Air Patrol. Outside the United States, it is used only by the Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps.

Philippines
The rank of technical sergeant is used by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It is a non-commissioned officer rank used by Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force and Philippine Marine Corps (under the Philippine Navy). The rank stands above the rank of Staff sergeant and below Master sergeant.

United States
Technical sergeant is a rank in the United States Air Force, United States Space Force, and Civil Air Patrol. It is a former rank in the United States Army and United States Marine Corps.

Army
The rank of technical sergeant existed from after World War I until 1948 when the rank was renamed sergeant first class. In 1920 the army combined several battalion/squadron level "staff" NCO ranks, including battalion quartermaster sergeant, battalion supply sergeant, ordnance sergeant, hospital sergeant, three grades of master sergeant (junior grade), and six additional senior-level technical and specialist ranks into the new technical sergeant rank. In 1944 when rifle squad leaders became staff sergeants, platoon sergeants were promoted to technical sergeants. In 1948 the army renamed technical sergeant as sergeant first class.

Marine Corps
Technical sergeant was a rank in the United States Marine Corps until 1958. From 1941 until 1946, the rank was equivalent to grade 2, ranking with gunnery sergeant and other technical ranks. From 1947 until 1958, the rank was reclassified as E-6 and became the sole rank in this grade. The rank gunnery sergeant replaced it and elevated to E-7 after the reorganization of grades in 1959.

Air Force
Technical sergeant, "tech sgt" or "TSgt" in informal parlance, is the sixth enlisted rank (pay grade E-6) in the U.S. Air Force, just above staff sergeant and below master sergeant. A technical sergeant is a noncommissioned officer and abbreviated as TSgt (with no period in official USAF and other military correspondence). Official terms of address are "technical sergeant" or "sergeant", although many use "tech sergeant" in informal situations.

Civil Air Patrol
The Civil Air Patrol (CAP), a non-profit corporation Congressionally chartered to operate as the civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force, has a quasi-military structure which includes the rank of technical sergeant. The grade of technical sergeant is above staff sergeant and beneath master sergeant. Former military enlisted personnel who held the rank of technical sergeant in the United States Armed Forces may retain that rank as members of the CAP.

Space Force
On February 1, 2021, the United States Space Force announced its permanent rank structure, establishing the grade of technical sergeant as its permanent E-6 grade. This continued its usage from the Air Force. The grade of technical sergeant is above sergeant and beneath master sergeant.

See also
United States military pay
United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia
United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War I
United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II

References

Enlisted ranks of the United States Air Force
Enlisted ranks of the United States Space Force
Military ranks of the United States Army
Air force ranks
United States military enlisted ranks

Technical sergeant


En bordkniv er et stykke spisebestik med kun én skærende æg. Den bruges ved borddækning ved hver kuvert. Bordknive er normalt kun moderat skarpe, da de er beregnet til at skære i tilberedte retter. Bordknive har normalt en rundet spids.

Se også
 Smørekniv
 Steakkniv
 Knork
 Sporf

Køkkenknive
Bordservice

Bordkniv


Juan de la Calle y Heredia (1612 - 15 de fevereiro de 1676) foi um prelado católico romano que serviu como bispo de Arequipa (1674–1676) e bispo de Trujillo (1661–1674).

Biografia
Juan de la Calle y Heredia nasceu em Granada, Espanha, em 1612 e foi ordenado frade na Ordem de Nossa Senhora das Mercês. A 5 de setembro de 1661, foi nomeado durante o papado do Papa Alexandre VII como Bispo de Trujillo. No dia 22 de outubro de 1662, foi consagrado bispo por Pedro de Villagómez Vivanco, arcebispo de Lima. A 1 de outubro de 1674, foi nomeado bispo de Arequipa durante o papado do Papa Clemente X. Serviu como Bispo de Arequipa até à sua morte a 15 de fevereiro de 1676.

Mortos em 1676
Nascidos em 1612
Bispos católicos
Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Alexandre VII
Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Clemente X

Juan de la Calle e Heredia


Život nakon smrti ili zagrobni život uvjerenje je, da se bitan dio identiteta pojedinca nastavlja i nakon smrti njegovog fizičkog tijela. Suprotno od vjerovanja u život nakon smrti je vjerovanje u zaborav nakon smrti.

Neki sustavi vjerovanja, poput onih u abrahamskoj tradiciji, drže da mrtvi prelaze na određenu razinu postojanja nakon smrti, kako je odredio Bog, na temelju njihovih djela (ortopraksija) ili vjere tijekom života. Raj je uobičajeno vjersko, kozmološko ili transcendentno mjesto, gdje su bića poput anđela i svetaca u zajedništvu s Bogom. Prema uvjerenjima nekih religija, nebeska bića poput anđela mogu sići na zemlju, a ona na zemlji mogu ući u raj nakon smrti.

Raj se često opisuje kao najsvetije mjesto, za razliku od pakla. U mnogim vjerskim i folklornim tradicijama pakao je mjesto mučenja i kažnjavanja u zagrobnom životu. Religije s linearnom božanskom poviješću često prikazuju pakao kao vječno odredište. Druga privremena odredišta života nakon smrti uključuju čistilište i limb.

Pojam čistilišta vezan je uz Katoličku Crkvu, u kojoj svi koji umru u Božjoj milosti i prijateljstvu, ali su još uvijek nesavršeno pročišćeni, doista su sigurni u svoje vječno spasenje; ali nakon smrti prolaze pročišćavanje, kako bi postigli svetost neophodnu za odlazak u raj ili konačno pročišćenje izabranih, što je potpuno drugačije od kažnjavanja prokletih. Crkvena tradicija, pozivajući se na određene tekstove Svetog pisma, govori o "vatri pročišćenja".

Katoličko poimanje života nakon smrti uči, da se dušama sudi nakon što tijelo umre, a oni koji su pravedni i bez grijeha odlaze u raj. S druge strane, oni koji umiru u smrtnom grijehu za koji se nisu pokajali odlaze u pakao. Devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća Katekizam Katoličke Crkve nije definirao pakao kao kaznu izrečenu grešniku, već kao grešničko samoisključivanje od Boga. Za razliku od drugih kršćanskih skupina, Katolička Crkva uči da oni koji umru u stanju milosti, ali nisu posve čisti, odlaze na mjesto zvano čistilište, gdje prolaze kroz pročišćenje kako bi ušli u raj.

U Apostolskom vjerovanju navodi se: "Vjerujem u Duha Svetoga, svetu Crkvu katoličku, općinstvo svetih, oproštenje grijeha, uskrsnuće tijela i život vječni."

Izvori

Život poslije smrti


دينامو برلين  نادي كرة قدم ألماني يلعب في دوري الدرجة الخامسة . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1966 .

مراجع

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1966
أندية كرة قدم في ألمانيا الشرقية
أندية كرة قدم في ألمانيا
أندية كرة قدم في برلين
الرياضة والسياسة
تأسيسات سنة 1966 في ألمانيا الشرقية
مقالات مع مصادر باللغة الألمانية (de)

دينامو برلين


Catedral Diocesana de Bacabal, informalmente conhecida como Catedral de Santa Teresinha do Menino Jesus, é a principal templo católico da cidade de Bacabal, Brasil. Localiza-se na Praça Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Praça Santa Teresinha).

Ver também
 Diocese de Bacabal
 Armando Martín Gutiérrez

Ligações externas
 Bula Visibilis natura, AAS 61 (1969), pp. 16–18

Arquitetura neogótica no Brasil
Igrejas do Maranhão
Catedrais do Maranhão
Diocese de Bacabal
Arquitetura do Brasil do século XX

Catedral Santa Teresinha (Bacabal)


Schistostega, rod pravih mahovina iz porodice Schistostegaceae, danas uključena u red Dicranales. Postoji jedna ili dvije vrste raširene po sjevernoj polutki zemlje (Sjeverna Amerika i Euroazija).

Prilagodila se rastu po tamnim mjestima, i u uvjetima slabog osvjetljenja koristi sferne stanice u protonemu koje djeluju kao leće, skupljajući i koncentrirajući čak i najslabiju svjetlost, što joj daje zelenkasto-zlatni sjaj, zbog čega je u eng. jeziku poznata kao zlato goblina, zmajevo zlato, svjetlucava mahovina ili luminescentna mahovina.

Vrste
 Schistostega fulva (Hook.) Arn.
 Schistostega pennata Weber & D.Mohr, 1803

Izvori

Dicranales

Schistostega


Jacqueline Burroughs (2 February 1939 – 22 September 2010) was a British-born Canadian actress.

Early life
Born in Southport, Lancashire (now Merseyside), England, she emigrated to Canada on 26 August 1948 with her mother Edna, her father Harry and younger brother Gary.

Career
Burroughs started acting in live theatre at Ontario's famous Stratford Festival, including starring as Portia in The Merchant of Venice in 1976. Her film credits included The Dead Zone (1983), The Grey Fox (1982), and a voice-over stint in the legendary animated anthology Heavy Metal (1981), while her TV-series resume includes the roles of Mrs. Amelia Evans in Anne of Green Gables (1985) and Hetty King in Road to Avonlea (1990).

In 1987, Jackie Burroughs produced, directed, co-wrote, and starred in A Winter Tan, a film based on the letters of Maryse Holder, published in 1979 as the book Give Sorrow Words – Maryse Holder's Letters from Mexico, later receiving a Genie Award for best performance by an actress in a leading role for the film, and won several more Genies and Geminis during her career.

Her first award was the 1969 Canadian Film Award for best actress, for starring in the television film Dulcima.

In 2001, she was awarded the Earle Grey Award for her contributions to arts and entertainment over the years by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television.

In 2005, Burroughs received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts.

Burroughs played the voice of The Spirit in 1985's The Care Bears Movie. She also played teacher Nancy Galik in The Undergrads (1985) opposite Art Carney.

She was perhaps best known to American audiences for her portrayal of the fictional character, Hetty King, in the CBC Television series Road to Avonlea from 1990 to 1996. The series was based on the works of Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery and produced by Sullivan Entertainment. She also played Mother Mucca in the television adaptations of Armistead Maupin's More Tales of the City and Further Tales of the City. Burroughs again played a mother role in 2003's Willard.

She appeared in the 2006 film The Sentinel. She also appeared in the Smallville season one episode "Hourglass" as the elderly blind prophetess Cassandra Carver.

Personal life
Burroughs was married to Zalman Yanovsky, co-founder (with John Sebastian) of The Lovin' Spoonful; they separated in 1968. They had one daughter, Zoe (a restaurant owner and author in Kingston).

Death
Burroughs died at her home in Toronto on 22 September 2010, aged 71, after suffering from stomach cancer.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

 (A publication of The Film Reference Library/a division of the Toronto International Film Festival Group)
Images of Jackie Burroughs from the Toronto Telegram fonds at the Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University
Jackie Burroughs(aveleyman)

1939 births
2010 deaths
Actresses from Lancashire
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Deaths from cancer in Ontario
Deaths from stomach cancer
English film actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
Best Actress in a Drama Series Canadian Screen Award winners
Best Actress Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Best Supporting Actress Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
English emigrants to Canada
Canadian Shakespearean actresses
Best Supporting Actress in a Television Film or Miniseries Canadian Screen Award winners
Governor General's Award winners
People from Southport

Jackie Burroughs


Terrence Steadman, Prison Break dizisinin bir karakteridir. Karakteri birinci sezon John Billingsley, ikinci sezon ise Jeff Perry canlandırmıştır. Başrollerden biri olan Lincoln Burrows, Terrence Steadman cinayetinden tutuklanmış ve idam cezasına çarptırılmıştır ancak sonraki bölümlerde Steadman'ın yaşadığı, Burrows'un ise suçsuz olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Büyük Kaçış karakterleri

Terrence Steadman


En gal mands værk er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1993 instrueret af Flemming Midtgaard efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Dias-show om Rudolph Tegners kunst og liv med udgangspunkt i Rudolph Tegners Museum og Statuepark.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1993

En gal mands værk


Le Vector Sport est une écurie de sport automobile britannique basée à Silverstone. Elle a été fondée en 2021 et fait participer des Sport-prototype en catégorie LMP2 dans le Championnat du monde d'endurance. L'écurie a également pour ambition de faire courir des voitures de Grand tourisme dans le long terme.

Histoire

En Novembre 2021, l'écurie Vector Sport avait exprimé, a travers son team principal Gary Holland, son intention de participer au Championnat du monde d'endurance 2022 dans la catégorie LMP2 avec une Oreca 07. Fort de l'expérience de Gary Holland, qui avait officié en tant que team manager chez Jota Sport et le Krohn Racing et qui avait été la dernière présence du Risi Competizione aux derniers 24 Heures du Mans, l'écurie avait réussi a faire signer le pilote officiel Audi Nico Müller pour sa première saison en compétition. En janvier 2022, l'écurie avait annoncé la signature de l'expérimenté pilote français Sébastien Bourdais ainsi que du pilote irlandais Ryan Cullen. Pour la première course de la saison, les 1 000 Miles de Sebring, le pilote français Sébastien Bourdais avait été retenu par ses obligations auprès de l'écurie américaine Cadillac Racing afin de participer aux 12 Heures de Sebring et avait été remplacé par le pilote allemand Mike Rockenfeller. Pour la seconde course de la saison, les 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps, c'est avec son équipage au complet que l'écurie avait participé à la course. De fort progrès ont été noté lors de cette course car la voiture à fini à 2 tours de la Toyota GR010 Hybrid victorieuse par rapport aux 37 tours concédé lors de la précédente épreuve. Malheureusement, les progrès constatés n'avaient pas été renouvelles lors des 24 Heures du Mans où la voiture avait fini à plus de 23 tours de la voiture victorieuse. pour les 6 Heures de Monza, l'écurie avait réalisée sa plus belle prestation de la saison avec une belle  place sur le podium. Pour les 6 Heures de Fuji, à la suite des engagements du pilote suisse Nico Müller, retenu  dans le championnat Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, l'équipage avait été remanié et le pilote suisse avait été remplacé par le pilote néerlandais Renger van der Zande. Le résultat de la course fût décevant avec une  place. Pour la dernière manche de la saison, les 8 Heures de Bahreïn, le pilote suisse Nico Müller, étant dorénavant retenu dans la catégorie Hypercar de par son engament l'écurie française Peugeot TotalEnergies. Il avait été donc de nouveau remplacé par le pilote néerlandais Renger van der Zande . Malheureusement, comme pour Fuji, l'écurie avait fini la course à la  place. Pour sa première saison dans le championnat Championnat du monde d'endurance FIA 2022, l'écurie a fini à la  place du championnat LMP2 avec comme meilleure performance, une  place lors de la manche de Monza.

En Décembre 2022, le constructeur italien Isotta Fraschini avait annoncé qu'il avait signé un partenariat avec l'écurie brutannique Vector Sport afin de faire rouler une Isotta Tipo 6 LMH-C dans la catégorie Hypercar du Championnat du monde d'endurance FIA.

Résultats en compétition automobile

Résultats en Championnat du monde d'endurance

* Saison en cours.

Pilotes

Notes et références

Lien externe

Écurie de sport automobile au Royaume-Uni
Écurie d'endurance

Vector Sport


Ralph William Gosper Jr. (born April 26, 1943), known as Bill Gosper, is an American mathematician and programmer.   Along with Richard Greenblatt, he may be considered to have founded the hacker community, and he holds a place of pride in the Lisp community. The Gosper curve and the Gosper's algorithm are named after him.

Becoming a hacker
In high school, Gosper was interested in model rockets until one of his friends was injured in a rocketry accident and contracted a fatal brain infection.  Gosper enrolled in MIT in 1961, and he received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from MIT in 1965 despite becoming disaffected with the mathematics department because of their anti-computer attitude.

In his second year at MIT, Gosper took a programming course from John McCarthy and became affiliated with the MIT AI Lab.

His contributions to computational mathematics include HAKMEM and the MIT Maclisp system. He made major contributions to Macsyma, Project MAC's computer algebra system. Gosper later worked with Symbolics and Macsyma, Inc. on commercial versions of Macsyma.

In 1974, he moved to Stanford University, where he lectured and worked with Donald Knuth.

Since that time, he has worked at or consulted for Xerox PARC, Symbolics, Wolfram Research, the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and Macsyma Inc.

Key contributions

Conway's Game of Life

He became intensely interested in the Game of Life shortly after John Horton Conway had proposed it.  Conway conjectured the existence of infinitely growing patterns, and offered a reward for an example. Gosper was the first to find such a pattern, the glider gun, and won the prize. Gosper was also the originator of the Hashlife algorithm that can speed up the computation of Life patterns by many orders of magnitude.

Packing problems
Gosper has created numerous packing problem puzzles, such as "Twubblesome Twelve".

Symbolic computation
Gosper was the first person to realize the possibilities of symbolic computation on a computer as a mathematics research tool, whereas computer methods were previously limited to purely numerical methods. In particular, this research resulted in his work on continued fraction representations of real numbers and Gosper's algorithm for finding closed form hypergeometric identities.

In 1985, Gosper briefly held the world record for computing the most digits of pi with 17 million digits. See chronology of computation of π.

Space-filling curves
In the continuity of early 20th century examples of space-filling curves—the Koch-Peano curve, Cesàro and Lévy C curve, all special cases of the general de Rham curve—and following the path of Benoit Mandelbrot, Gosper discovered the Peano-Gosper curve, before engaging with variations on the Harter-Heighway dragon. In the late 80s, Gosper independently discovered the Gosper-Lafitte triangle.

See also
 Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
 Hashlife

References

External links

 Autobiography
 Bill Gosper's Graphics

1943 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Number theorists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Cellular automatists
Recreational mathematicians
People from Pennsauken Township, New Jersey
Lisp (programming language) people
American computer businesspeople
Scientists at PARC (company)

Bill Gosper


Declan Joseph Oliver Donnelly  (born 25 September 1975) is a British television presenter, television producer, former singer, rapper, comedian and actor from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. He is best known for working alongside Ant McPartlin as part of the presenting duo Ant & Dec.

Donnelly came to prominence, alongside McPartlin, in the children's drama series Byker Grove, with both men establishing successful careers as television presenters, in which they are most known for presenting SMTV Live (between 1998 and 2001), I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! alongside Ant McPartlin (2002-2017, 2019-) and Holly Willoughby (2018) and Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (since 2002), and Britain's Got Talent (since 2007).

Other notable highlights of Donnelly's career alongside McPartlin include presenting PokerFace, Push the Button, Pop Idol, and Red or Black?, being hosts of charity appeal Text Santa (between 2011 and 2014), and also performing as pop music duo PJ & Duncan.

Early life
Donnelly is the child of parents Alphonsus Donnelly and Anne Donnelly, who originally resided in Desertmartin, Northern Ireland before moving to England in the 1950s, settling in Newcastle upon Tyne. He is among seven children the couple raised within the council estate of Cruddas Park.

Donnelly's education took place first at St Michael's Roman Catholic Primary School, and later at the all-boys St Cuthbert's High School, with him receiving 8 GCSEs. Although he eventually moved towards a career in television, he originally considered becoming a Catholic priest but changed his mind upon seeing the students from the all-girls Sacred Heart Catholic High School.

Career

Donnelly's career in television began at the age of 12, when his father suggested that he audition for Byker Grove, a new children's television programme being created by CBBC in Newcastle upon Tyne that had been advertised in local newspapers. His success in this audition led to him securing the role of Duncan, whereupon he first met Anthony McPartlin. Although he was raised in an estate close to Donnelly, McPartlin had never met him until their involvement in the children's drama. The pair worked together on the show until their eventual departure in 1993, whereupon they began to bond as friends, both socially and professionally.

After a short tenure in music, Donnelly and McPartlin furthered their careers in television by becoming the presenting duo Ant & Dec. Having already fronted Children's TV show 'The Ant and Dec show' on BBC1, which ran for 2 series, followed by a stint on Channel 4 with the edgier 'Ant & Dec Unzipped', The pair continued to work in children's television, fronting ITV's saturday morning children's programme SMTV Live. After leaving the programme in 2001, the pair branched out to front other shows, including game shows – Friends Like These, PokerFace and Push the Button – talent shows – Pop Idol, and Britain's Got Talent – and entertainment programmes – I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, and Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway. The pair continued to maintain acting careers, starring in a tribute to The Likely Lads in 2002, in the form of a remake of an episode from the show's sequel Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?, entitled "No Hiding Place", and in 2006 film Alien Autopsy.

In 2007, Donnelly and McPartlin signed a 2½ year, £30 million contract with ITV.

Ant & Dec have their own production company Mitre Television where they produce their shows.

Personal life

On 22 July 2006, Donnelly was the best man for McPartlin's wedding to Lisa Armstrong.

In August 2011, Donnelly attended his father's funeral, after Alphonsus died in hospital of cancer.

Donnelly dated actress Clare Buckfield for ten years between 1993 and 2003, and television presenter Georgie Thompson from January 2009 until April 2011. On 13 November 2014, Donnelly became engaged to the duo's manager Ali Astall, with whom he had been in a relationship for over a year, with the marriage taking place at St Michael's Roman Catholic Church, Elswick, Tyne and Wear, on 1 August 2015. The ceremony was conducted by his brother, Father Dermott Donnelly, a Catholic priest, with McPartlin as his best man. On 1 September 2018, after announcing earlier in the year that the couple were expecting their first child, Donnelly's wife gave birth to a daughter.

On 19 March 2018, after his colleague McPartlin's car crash, it was announced that Donnelly would be presenting the remaining episodes of Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway and the live semi-finals of Britain's Got Talent on his own.

In November 2019, it was revealed that Dec is a distant cousin of the American professional wrestling promoter and businesswoman Dixie Carter. He is also related to footballer Aaron Donnelly. His elder brother Dermott died after a short illness on 8 July 2022 at age 55.

Donnelly has stated that he is a practising Roman Catholic but does not publicly discuss religion or his family in depth.

On 23 July 2022, Donnelly and Astall welcomed their second child.

Charity
Donnelly and McPartlin are patrons of the charity Sunshine Fund. When their single 'Let's Get Ready to Rhumble' reached No.1 in 2012, Ant & Dec donated the single's success to the charity ChildLine. They also support the Text Santa appeal.

Donnelly also supports the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle's Youth Ministry Team, directed by one of his older brothers, Dermott Donnelly, former dean of St Mary's Cathedral in Newcastle. They opened the W4 Youth Centre in 2013.

Honours and awards
Donnelly was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to broadcasting and entertainment.

The following listed below are the television awards that Donnelly has been nominated for or awarded with, primarily while working alongside Anthony McPartlin as Ant & Dec:

1994
Brit Award Nomination – Best Song: "Let's Get Ready to Rhumble"

1995
Brit Award Nomination – British Breakthrough
Royal Television Society Awards- The Ant and Dec Show

1996
British Academy Children's Awards: Children's Entertainment Show (The Ant and Dec Show)

1997
Nominated – British Academy Children's Awards: Children's Entertainment Show (The Ant and Dec Show)

1998
British Academy Children's Awards: Children's Entertainment Show (Ant and Dec Unzipped)

2000
British Academy Children's Awards: Children's Entertainment Show (SMTV Live)
TV Choice Awards: Best Children's Show (SMTV Live)
Royal Television Society Awards: Best Children's Entertainment Programme (SMTV Live)
TV Hits Awards: Best Teen Show (CD:UK)
Loaded Carling Good Work Fellas Awards: Best Double Act
British Comedy Awards: The People's Choice (SMTV Live)

2001
TV Choice Awards: Best Children's Show (SMTV Live)
Broadcast Awards: Best Children's Programme (SMTV Live)
Royal Television Society Awards : Best Television Presenters
Disney Channel Awards: Kids Awards (The Ant and Dec Show)
Nominated – British Academy Children's Awards: Best Children's Entertainment Show (SMTV Live)

2002
Nominated – British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (Pop Idol)
British Academy Children's Awards: Children's Entertainment Show (SMTV Live)

2005
Nominated – British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!)

2006
British Comedy Awards: Best Comedy Entertainment Personality
British Comedy Awards: Best Comedy Entertainment Programme

2007
Nominated – British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)

2008
TV Quick & TV Choice Awards: Best Entertainment Show (Saturday Night Takeaway)
Nickelodeon UK Kids Choice Awards 2008: Favourite Funny Person, Best TV presenters and Best Family TV show (Britain's Got Talent)

2009
TV Quick & TV Choice Awards: Best Entertainment Show (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)
TV Quick & TV Choice Awards:Outstanding Contribution Award
Nominated – British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!)

2010
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!)
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Programme (Britain's Got Talent)

2012
Freesat: Best TV Presenter(s)

2013
TRIC Awards: TV Personality of the Year
TRIC Awards: TRIC Special Award (I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!)
RTS Awards: Entertainment Performance (I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!)
Nominated – British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!)

2014
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Programme (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)

2015
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Performance (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Programme (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)

2017
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Programme (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway)
British Academy Television Awards: Live Event (The Queen's 90th Birthday Celebration)

2018
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Programme (Britain's Got Talent)

2019
Guinness World Records: Most NTA's for Best Presenter won consecutively at 18
British Academy Television Awards: Entertainment Programme (Britain's Got Talent)
British Academy Television Awards: Reality And Constructed Factual Programme (I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out Of Here!)

National Television Awards

Filmography

Television

Film

Television advertisements

Apps
An official Saturday Night Takeaway app known as Studio Rush launched on 30 January 2013 but has been removed.
An official I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here! app launched on 9 November 2015.

References

External links

Declan Donnelly at the British Film Institute
Cult of Ant&Dec HQ
ITV biography
Official Ant and Dec website

1975 births
Ant & Dec
Best Entertainment Performance BAFTA Award (television) winners
British male television actors
British male child actors
British people of Northern Ireland descent
English Roman Catholics
British television presenters
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at St. Cuthbert's School
Male actors from Newcastle upon Tyne
Musicians from Newcastle upon Tyne

Declan Donnelly


Enric Oteteleșanu a fost un om politic român, care a îndeplinit funcția de subsecretar de Stat pe lângă Departamentul Culturii Naționale și al Cultelor pentru Școli (27 ianuarie - 4 decembrie 1941) în guvernul Ion Antonescu (3).

Decorații
  Ordinul "Coroana României" în gradul de Mare Ofițer (7 noiembrie 1941)

Note

Politicieni români
Decorați cu Ordinul Coroana României

Enric Oteteleșanu


Filippo Marchetti (nacido el 26 de febrero de 1831 en Bolognola en la provincia de Macerata y muerto el 18 de enero de 1902 en Roma) fue un compositor de ópera italiano.

Biografía
Eclipsado por el genio de Verdi, como tantos otros compositores de la época, Marchetti conoció su mayor éxito con Ruy Blas (1869), ópera basada en el drama homónimo de Victor Hugo. Sus últimas obras tuvieron una existencia poco brillante.

Marchetti fue profesor de canto en Roma y presidente de la Academia Nacional de Santa Cecilia.

Óperas
 Gentile da Varano (febrero de 1856, Turín)
 La demente (27 de noviembre de 1856, Turín)
 Il paria (1859)
 Romeo e Giulietta (25 de octubre de 1865, Trieste; revisada en 1872 y 1876)
 Ruy Blas (3 de abril de 1869, Milán)
 Gustavo Wasa (7 de febrero de 1875, Milán)
 Don Giovanni d'Austria (11 de marzo de 1880, Turín)

Compositores de ópera de Italia
Compositores del Romanticismo de Italia
Nacidos en la provincia de Macerata
Fallecidos en Roma

Filippo Marchetti


Kapela sv. Petra i Pavla u Lasovcu rimokatolička je kapela u Lasovcu u općini Šandrovac u Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji.

Uređena je na mjestu prijašnje kapelice (poklonca) sv. Vendelina. Kapelica sv. Vendelina utemeljena je 1889. godine kada su mještani Lasovca kupili dva mala zvona iz stare župne crkve u Šandrovcu i postavili ih u novopodignuti zvonik u svome selu. Kapelica i danas posjeduje zvonik star oko 300 godina. Dograđena je i obnovljena 2013. godine, kada ju je blagoslovio bjelovarsko-križevački biskup Vjekoslav Huzjak.

Kapela se nalazi na križanju cesta u južnom dijelu Lasovca u općini Šandrovac. Cestom se od juga može doći preko Bulinca od ceste Bjelovar - Daruvar, a od sjevera asfaltnom cestom do općinskog središta Šandrovca.

Izvori

Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija

Kapela sv. Petra i Pavla u Lasovcu


Feri Sučić (Veliki Borištof, 30. rujna 1918.  28. veljače 2012.), hrvatski književnik, novinar, skladatelj, urednik, pokretač, pjesnik i neumorni kulturni djelač iz Gradišća, Austrija

Životopis
Rodio se 30. rujna 1918. ljeta u Velikom Borištofu. Svoje ditinstvo je prebavio u Štrencinom stanu. Odrastao je zapravo kod svojih starihstrajih. Otac je poginuo na talijanskom bojišću. Njegova majka se je još jednoč udala, a Feri je dostao polubrata Vilija. Seoski farnik Velikoga Borištofa, Martin Meršić starji je ponudio školovati Ferija za svećenika. Ali kot 14-ljetni dičak je teško obetežao i prepričio plane. Po operacija mu je ostalo pačenje na ruki. Nije mogao ni u vojsku, ni na bojišće.
Prisiljen učiti uči obrt i nastao je pismoslikar, ada slikar reklamnih tablov. U slobodnom vrimenu pohađao t.zv. "srpskohrvatski tečaj" Berlitz-školi. Tečaj je peljao Srb. Po nedilje je pohadjao hrvatsko Društvo. U Beču se uči tamburati kod profesora Klema Viskovića, ki je podučavao i prve gradišćanskohrvatske tamburaše u Pajngrtu. U Beču se u Hrvatski novina u 1938. ljetu Sučiću pojavi prva pjesmica. Mnoge pjesme je on sam i oglazbi.

Veljek po boju je utemeljio tamburašku grupu. Osnovao ju je u okviru Hrvatskoga gradišćanskoga kulturnoga društva u Beču, ko su onda samo nazivali Društvom. Različni igrači su bili u Društvu, med njimi Robija Sučića, pokojnoga predsjednika Hrvatskoga kulturnoga društva, i Ivicu Karalla, bivšega zemaljskoga savjetnika.

Kratko po boju je pomagao Fricu Bintingeru pri sastavljanju novin Naš tajednik. Preuzeo je uredjivanje Tajednika kašnje. Tajednik je pak minjao ime u Hrvatske novine. Kašnje suradnik Ignaca Horvata u kalendaru Gradišće. Kašnje i sam preuzeo uredjivanje kalendara. Pomagao pri uredjivanju mnogih drugih izdanj.

1947. stupio u službu zemaljske vlade. Peljao zemaljski ured za tisak iz Beča. Od 1948. ljeta je izdavao jačkarice s naslovom "Zbirke". Osam je sveskov njegovih zbirkov. U njimia je mnogo transkribiranih i predjelanih kusićev kot i vlašće kompozicije. Napisao oko 300 jačak. Kašnje se je preselio ured zemaljske vlade u Željezno i 1957. ljeta i Feri Sučić s obitelji.
Iskao je selo u kom bi mogao utemeljiti tamburašku grupu ar je kanio si je dalje tamburati. Učitelj Rudi Prikosović je peljao muški pjevački zbog u Klimpuhu i u dogovoru s njim je 1957. ljeta utemeljio i s kotrigi pjevačkoga zbora Klimpuške tamburaše (Tamburica Klimpuh). U sjevernom Gradišću u to vrime tamburica još nije bila jako proširena. Na početku je grupa nastupala i s narodnimi tanci, ke je zavježbao poznati hrvatski koreograf Ivan Ivančan. Klimpušci pri svoji nastupi u hrvatski seli su tamburali, jačili, kazali kratke igrokaze, mnoge od njih iz pera Ferija Sučića.

Po Ferijovoj smrti, njegov bratić Robi Sučić je sastavio zbirku Sučićevih pjesam za tisak. Sučićeve jačke "Oj premilo selo malo" ili "Selo u Gradišću", "Oči ja poznam plave"ili "Draga, se još spominjaš", jako su obljubljene med Hrvati.

Napisao je velik broj igrokazov. Za hrvatske novine je prepisao 24 romane, Uredjivao je društveni časopis Hrvatskoga kulturnoga društva Glasilo. Uredjivao časopis za staro i mlado Naša Zora. Napisao i uredio je i gradišćanskohrvatska izdanja različnih dičjih knjig od Robinsona do maloga Ja sam ja.

Tamburašku grupu je peljao zapravo do smrti 28. veljače 2012. ljeta.

Pripadnik t.zv. "generacije na mostu" književnika gradišćanskih Hrvata (Fridrik Bintinger, Augustin Blazović, Robert Hajszan, Pavao Horvath, Martin Jordanić, Mate Kočiš, Štefan Kokošić, Anton Leopold, Franjo Meršić, Franjo Palković, Vilijam Pokorny, Tedi Prior, Bela Schreiner, Ferdo Sinković, Feri Sučić, Mate Šinković, Ljudevit Škrapić, Ana Šoretić, Peter Tažky, Milo Vašak, Joško Weidinger, s time da Martina Jordanića, Anu Šoretić i Petra Tažkoga ne smijemo jednoznačno uvrstiti. Augustin Blazović je ovu generaciju nazvao tako jer One bi htile biti most u dvostrukom smislu: 1. Most od Miloradića k modernoj liri,... 2. Most k književnom jeziku."

Nagrade i priznanja
Primio od od Klimpuha, Zemlje i Republike različne nagrade za zasluge, ke si je stekao kot novinar, kompozitor, pokretač, pjesnik i neumorni kulturni djelač. Med njimi i časnu titulu profesor. Hrvatska društva su ga častila Kulturnom nagradom Gradišćanskih Hrvatov.
Pred desetimi ljeti, prilikom njegovoga 90 rodjendana izašla opširna monografija, ku je uredio Martin Cirković i CD s najpopularnijimi njegovimi jačkami. ORF Gradišće producirao je DVD ki dokumentira život Ferija Sučića.
Prilikom 100. rodjendana je u Klimpuhu dostao spomenik. Općina Klimpuh i Tamburica Klimpuh su mu na njegov 100. rodjendan podigli spomenploču na Crikvenom trgu Klimpuha.

Izvori

Književnici gradišćanskih Hrvata
Hrvatski glazbenici
Hrvatski novinari
Hrvatski skladatelji
Hrvatski pjesnici

Feri Sučić


Blochius ist eine ausgestorbene Fischgattung, deren fossile Überreste in der norditalienischen Monte-Bolca-Formation gefunden wurden. Einige Rostralfragmente, die eventuell Blochius zugeordnet werden müssen, stammen aus dem Kongo.

Merkmale
Blochius wurde etwa 60 cm lang und hatte eine sehr schlanke langgestreckte Gestalt, einen schmalen Kopf mit verlängertem Ober- und Unterkiefer und großen Augen. Der lange Oberkiefer wird von der Prämaxillare gebildet und hat Längskanten. Er ist üblicherweise länger als der Unterkiefer. Beide Kiefer sind mit spitzen Zähnen besetzt. Die Rückenflosse erstreckt sich saumartig über den gesamten Rumpf, die ebenfalls saumartige Afterflosse beginnt erst unter der Körpermitte. Die Rückenflosse kann möglicherweise beim schnellen Schwimmen in eine Grube niedergelegt werden. Die paarigen Flossen sind klein, die Schwanzflosse halbmondförmig. Die 24 langgestreckten Wirbel besitzen mit Ausnahme der letzten Schwanzflossenwirbel keine Neuralfortsätze. Das Schwanzflossenskelett besteht aus zwei Wirbeln, einer Epurale, einem länglichen, freistehenden Knochen, und zwei Hypuralia. Zwei Reihen sich großflächig überlappender Schuppen erstrecken sich vom Hinterrand des Kiemendeckels bis zum Schwanzflossenstiel.

Lebensweise
Wahrscheinlich war Blochius ein Raubfisch, der in der Tethys (Monte Bolca ist eine Ablagerung der Tethysnordküste) in den oberen 100 Metern der Wassersäule lebte und mit sinusförmigen Bewegungen (anguilliforme Schwimmweise) des Körpers schwamm und jagte.

Arten
 Blochius longirostris Volta, 1796 (Typusart)
 Blochius macropterus de Zigno, 1887 (nur ein Exemplar bekannt)
 "Blochius" moorheadi Eastman, 1911 (nomen dubium)

Systematik
Blochius war bis 2019 die einzige Gattung der Familie Blochiidae, die mit den rezenten Schwert- und Speerfischen (Xiphioidea) verwandt ist. Im Jahr 2019 wurde mit Loancorhynchus eine zweite Gattung der Familie beschrieben.

Literatur
 Harry L. Fierstine: Fossil History of Billfishes (Xiphioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science, Volume 79, Issue 3, Januar 2006, S. 433–453 Abstract.
 Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossilien Atlas Fische. Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X.

Einzelnachweise

Schwertfischverwandte
Xiphioidea
Ausgestorbener Knochenfisch

Blochius


L' ambassadeur de Grande-Bretagne en Russie était le principal représentant diplomatique en Russie du Royaume de Grande-Bretagne, État créé en 1707 par l'Union de l'Angleterre et de l'Écosse. L'ambassadeur britannique était le chef de la mission diplomatique en Russie. L'ambassadeur était un poste prestigieux dans les relations extérieur britannique.

Pour les ambassadeurs jusqu'en 1707, voir Liste des ambassadeurs du Royaume d'Angleterre en Russie. Pour les ambassadeurs après 1800, voir Liste des ambassadeurs du Royaume-Uni en Russie.

Ministre et Ambassadeur
 1707-1712 : Charles Goodfellow ministre et consul général (précédemment ministre en Russie du Royaume d'Angleterre, 1699-1707).
 1707-1712 : Charles Whitworth, envoyé du Royaume d'Angleterre 1704-1707 et de Grande-Bretagne, 1707-1709 ; Ambassadeur extraordinaire 1709-1711 ; Ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire 1711-1712

Ministre Resident
 1714-1719 : Friedrich Christian Weber
 1714-1715 : George Mackenzie-Quin
 1715-1716 : James Haldane Ministre Résident
 1716      : George Douglas,  comte de Dumbarton
 1718-1721 : James Jeffereys (retraité à Dantzig en 1719)
 1719-1730 : Pas de relations diplomatiques
 1728-1731 : Thomas Ward
 1731 : John Campbell,  comte de Breadalbane et Holland
 1731-1739 : Claudius Rondeau Consul général 1730-1731; Ministre Résident
1733-1734 : George, Lord Forbes ministre plénipotentiaire pour négocier un traité commercial

Envoyés extraordinaires et plénipotentiaires
 1739-1742 : Edward Finch
 1741-1744 : Cyril Wich ou Wyche, Bt Envoyé extraordinaire 1741-1742; puis envoyé extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire
 1744-1749 : John Carmichael,  comte de Hyndford Ministre plénipotentiaire 1744-1745; then Ambassadeur Extraordinaire et Plénipotentiaire
 1749-1755 : Melchior Guy Dickens
 1755-1759 : Charles Hanbury Williams ambassadeur plénipotentiaire
 1759-1762 : Robert Murray Keith l'Ancien (mort en 1774)
 1762-1765 : John Hobart,  comte de Buckinghamshire Ambassadeur extraordinaire
 1764-1767 : George Macartney,  comte Macartney envoyé extraordinaire
 1766-1767 : Rt. Hon. Hans Stanley (jamais allé en Russie)
 1767-1768 : Henry Shirley Secrétaire responsable
 1768-1772 : Lord Cathcart ambassadeur extraordinaire
 1772-1775 : Robert Gunning
 1776-1783 : Sir James Harris
 1783-1788 : Alleyne Fitzherbert
 1788-1800 : Charles Whitworth
 1791 : William Fawkener Mission spéciale
1800-1801 : Les relations diplomatiques sont suspendues pendant la Deuxième Ligue de neutralité armée

Références

Russia
Great Britain

Liste des ambassadeurs de Grande-Bretagne en Russie


Fru Marie Grubbe er en roman skrevet af den danske forfatter J.P. Jacobsen og udgivet i 1876. Bogen er et af hovedværkerne i naturalismen i Danmark.

Romanen er en af mange skønlitterære fortolkninger af den historiske adelskvinde Marie Grubbes liv. Hun var en selvstændig kvinde, der ikke var bange for at sætte sig ud over tidens normer. Derfor har hun været interessant for forfattere gennem flere hundrede år, bl.a. Ludvig Holberg, H.C. Andersen og i nyere tid Juliane Preisler og Lone Hørslev.

Jacobsens portræt fokuserer på det psykologiske aspekt af Grubbes liv, hvor hun forfølger sine seksuelle drifter og derved synker ned til bunden af samfundet.

Fru Marie Grubbe blev optaget i Kulturkanonen i 2005 under litteraturkategorien.

Handling
På romanens første sider møder læseren den fjortenårige Marie Grubbe på den midtjyske herregård Tjele, som ejes af hendes far Erik Grubbe. Efter en gåtur rundt i den sommerlige have sætter Marie sig til at læse i folkeeventyret om den tålmodige og opopfrende rigmandsfrue Griselda. Så giver hun sig til at plukke roser, nyder de smukke farver og dufte, bader sine arme i de mange roser, og rødmer.

Marie var kun en lille pige, da hendes mor døde, og husholdningen varetages derfor af husholdersken Ane, som Marie har et anstrengt forhold til. Årstallet er 1657, og på Tjele får man nys om, at Danmark er kommet i krig med Sverige. Erik Grubbe må derfor tage til København og tager sin datter med sig, så hun meget belejligt kan komme væk fra husholdersken på Tjele og i stedet bo hos sin faster Rigitze i København. Her bliver Marie hurtigt ven med kammerpigen Lucie, men føler sig samtidig ensom, da fasteren ikke har tid til hende, og hun på grund af standsforskellen ikke kan få fortrolighed med kammerpigen.

I den strenge vinter i januar 1658 går den svenske hær over de tilfrosne danske bælter i land på Sjælland og forbereder den følgende sommer et angreb på København. Københavnerne er opskræmte og bruger tiden på at forberede sig på krig, være på vagt over for svenske spioner og i øvrigt tale dårligt om svenskere.

Kong Frederik IIIs uægte søn, den tyveårige Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, som er vokset op i Holsten, er for nylig kommet til København, dels for at lære hoffet og adelen at kende, gå på jagt og nyde det københavnske nattelivs vin og kvinder, dels for at deltage i byens forsvar. På en af voldens bastioner møder han den unge, rige købmand Daniel Knopf. Daniel beklager sig til Ulrik Frederik over, han som ikke-adelig ikke kan få lov at deltage i byens forsvar på lige fod med adelsmændene, skønt han er en dygtig fægter. Selvom Daniel føler et meget større fællesskab med adelsmændene end med de lavere klasser, han selv tilhører, må han finde sig i at blive drillet og gjort til grin pga. sin herkomst.

Ulrik Frederik er tiltrukket af den seks år ældre adelsfrøken Sofie Urne, og han opsøger hende for at erklære hende sin kærlighed. Hun påpeger det umulige i deres forhold pga aldersforskellen, men Ulrik Frederik insisterer og hun føjer ham. Snart forloves de, med kongens samtykke.

En anden Gyldenløve, Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, uægte søn af Chr. IV, bliver i 1658 berømt for sin indsats med at afvise de angribende svenskere. Hans indsats og person gør stort indtryk på Marie Grubbe, og hun drømmer om ham. Under en visit hos fasteren fatter han interesse for hendes kønne niece og aflægger nu næsten dagligt Marie besøg. Imidlertid går Ulrik Christian hen og bliver uhelbredeligt syg, og på hans dødsleje prøver kongens præst at få den syge til at bekende og angre sine, angiveligt mange, synder, så han kan komme i Himmerige. Den syge bliver vred og angriber præsten, som må flygte. Nu dukker en anden og barskere præst op, og efter nogen modstand lykkes denne præst med sit forehavende, idet Ulrik Christian angrer og kan modtage nadveren. Lidt efter sniger Marie sig ind til sin syge kæreste, og da hun erfarer, at han skal dø, og grådkvalt vil tage afsked med sin elskede, viser Ulrik Christian hende bort, fordi hun minder ham om hans syndige liv.

I sommeren 1659 er krigen efter den mislykkede svenske storm på København kommet på afstand af byen. Forholdet mellem Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve og Sofie Urne kommer imidlertid i modvind hos kongen og dronningen, som ikke bryder sig om Sofie Urne forhold til den forræderiske Corfitz Ulfeldt og hans kone Leonora Christine. Ulrik Frederik må besøge sin forlovede i smug, og da de i hemmelighed gifter sig, bliver det opdaget, ægteskabet opløst og Sofie Urne sendt i kloster i Holsten, mens Ulrik Frederik bliver sendt i krig mod svenskerne på Fyn.

I sommeren 1660 sluttes der fred med svenskerne, og københavnerne kan igen bevæge sig ud af byen. Marie Grubbe er nu 17 år gammel og er begyndt at klæde sig som en voksen kvinde. På en udflugt med familien, hvor man tilfældigvis diskuterer begrebet elskov, møder hun Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, som bliver betaget af hende.

En forbindelse mellem Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve og Marie Grubbe er i manges interesse af mange grunde: dels bliver Grubbe-familien knyttet tættere til kongehuset og hoffet, dels får det økonomisk nødlidende kongehus adgang til Maries store medgift, en arv på 12.000 rigsdaler fra hendes mor. De to bliver derfor snart forlovet, men deres følelser for hinanden er hverken for Ulrik Frederiks eller Maries vedkommende de samme stærke som for deres tidligere kærester, hhv. Sofie Urne og Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve.

En dag de to rider en tur langs Øresund, kaster Marie sig begejstret ud i et vildt ridt gennem skoven, men de overraskes af uvejr og søger tilflugt i en kro. Her møder de Daniel Knopf, som Ulrik Frederik over for Marie dels roser, dels presser til at underholde dem med hans kendte parodier på adelsfolk.

Lige før jul 1660 bliver Ulrik Frederik og Marie gift, og deres ægteskab går hurtigt fra hed forelskelse til afdæmpet og rutinepræget hverdag. Ulrik Frederik længes efter afveksling og spænding og går i foråret 1662 med kongens billigelse i spansk krigstjeneste, men Marie er ked af, at han rejser fra hende. På vej til Spanien besøger Ulrik Frederik i Amsterdam den berømte alkymist og astrolog Burrhi, som den danske konge gerne vil invitere til Danmark, så han kan lære ham at lave guld. Burrhi afslår tilbuddet, fordi så nemt er det heller ikke at lave guld, men indvilliger i stedet i at lægge Ulrik Frederiks horoskop og spå ham ved at læse hans hånd. I hånden ser han tegn på fare i form af noget. der blinker i en kvindes hånd.

I Ulrik Frederiks fravær mistrives Marie, hun bliver doven og pirrelig og får mærkelig indfald om smerte og lyst. Efter fjorten måneder agter Ulrik Frederik sig tilbage, og Marie er naturligvis meget spændt på at se sin mand igen. Da han endelig dukker op, er han fuld og voldsom og kommer i sin iver efter at holde om Marie til at forstuve hendes håndled, så det svulmer op og gør ondt. Og senere opfører han sig ikke meget bedre over for hende i ægtesengen. Næste dag vågner Marie med blandede følelser af had, undseelse og af at være blevet krænket. Selvom Ulrik Frederik søger at bagatellisere, bortforklare og undskylde sin opførsel aftenen før, er der en spændt stemning mellem mand og kone, og da de på et tidspunkt står sammen ved en vindueskarm, hvor Marie med sin forstuvede hånd i solen leger med en kniv, griber hun pludselig kniven og hugger den mod hans blottede bryst. Han når at afværge stikket, men de er begge chokerede over det skete, og Ulrik Frederik kommer i tanke om Burrhis spådom. Marie er forfærdet over det, hun har gjort og forsøger nu ihærdigt at gøre det godt igen mellem dem. Ulrik Frederik er dog afvisende, for han er sikker på, det er skæbnebestemt at hans kone vil skade ham. Desuden er han under sit ophold i Spanien blandt de mange kongelige dér kommet i tvivl om ikke han ved at gifte sig med Marie har spillet sig muligheder af hænde, og han beslutter derfor at møde hende med kulde.

Under parrets sommerophold på Frederiksborg er Marie meget overladt til sig selv, for Ulrik Frederik er som oftest på jagt. I slotsparken overhører Marie en samtale mellem to fremmede, om hendes mand og en kvinde ved navn Karen Fiol. Hun nærmer sig de fremmede, som viser sig at være Daniel Knopf og hans søster, og  Daniel, som siden han mødte Ulrik Frederik og Marie Grubbe på kroen ved Øresund har været dybt betaget af hende og derfor følger efter hende, indrømmer modstræbende, han er bekendt med Ulrik Frederiks utroskab med denne Karen Fiol.

Få dage senere dukker en vred og forurettet Marie Grubbe op hos Karen Fiol og hendes elsker Ulrik Fredrik og går korporligt til angreb på Karen, men standses af Ulrik Frederik, som sender hende hjem igen i den vogn med kusk, Daniel Knopf har skaffet hende til lejligheden. Ulrik Frederik frygter sin kones vrede og bebrejdelser, nu hans affære er afsløret, og selv om Marie har klaget til kongen over sin mand, ignorerer hun snart det skete, fordi hendes kærlighed til ham er bristet.

På Frederiksborg deltager Marie i forberedelser til en balletforestilling, der skal afholdes i anledning af en forlovelse i kongefamilien, og i den anledning dukker hendes svoger Sti Høg op. Under en lang gåtur ved slottet betror Sti Høg sig til sin svigerinde om sit melankolske livssyn, som skyldes, han er overbevist om, at det dejlige og behagelige i tilværelsen og alle slags glæde og lyst kun kan være kortvarige, fordi de snart vil blive overvundet og fortæret af det mørke, kolde og dystre. Som svar betror Marie ham, hun også kender til bedrøvelse og tilmed gråd, men af andre grunde end Sti Høgs: for Marie er det nærmere en følelse af at være anderledes og mindreværdig i forhold til andre mennesker, så hun ikke evner at leve sit liv så stærkt og intenst som hun gerne ville. Det går nu med forbavselse op for Sti Høg, at både han og Marie kan have draget forhastede konklusioner om deres respektive selvbilleder.

Marie Grubbe bliver rost og fejret for sin fine præstation på scenen i balletforestillingen, hvor hun spiller en pige, der må finde sig i de andres spot, fordi hun er elskovssyg og derfor har opgivet sin frihed. Efter forestillingen føler Sti Høg sig endnu mere draget mod Marie Grubbe, end han allerede er gennem deres dage sammen på Frederiksborg, og han søger ensomheden i en grotte lidt borte. Pludselig dukker Marie op hos ham, bøjer sig ned og giver ham et kys. I stedet for at tage kysset som en invitation til elskov nøjes Sti med ærbødigt at kysse hendes hånd, hvorefter Marie går igen.

I januar 1664 udnævnes Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve til statholder i Norge, og trods det kølige forhold mellem dem følger Marie Grubbe ham. Ulrik Frederik bliver i deres første år i Norge på ny betaget af Marie og forsøger at genoplive deres forhold, men det afviser Marie. I breve til sin søster fortæller Marie, at Ulrik Frederik har besvaret hendes afvisning med at omgås andre kvinder på deres slot, og forbudt byens handlende at sælge noget til Marie. Senere installerer han så også sin tidligere elskerinde Karen Fiol på slottet og giver hende tilmed Maries soveværelse, så hun må flytte til et andet og koldere værelse. Ulrik Frederik elsker stadig Marie og hans omgang med de andre kvinder har mest til formål at vække hendes misundelse og jalousi. En dag bliver det for meget for Marie, som giver Karen Fiol en endefuld med et læderbælte. Ulrik Frederik tror, Marie gjorde det af kærlighed til ham og opsøger hende og erklærer hende sin kærlighed. Hun afviser ham igen, og Ulrik Frederik forviser hende fra slottet. Samme nat sejler hun til Danmark.

Hjemkommet til Tjele kræver Marie Grubbe skilsmisse, men hendes pragmatiske far håber at kunne redde ægteskabet, og får derfor overtalt Marie til at flytte ind på Kalø gods, som ejes af Ulrik Frederik og var tiltænkt hende i tilfælde af hans død. Samtidig slipper han belejligt for at betale for sin datters underhold. På Kalø opsøges Marie af Sti Høg, som stadig beundrer hende, men som stadig ikke gør nok indtryk på Marie til at hun vil dele sit liv med ham. De to fortsætter dog deres venskab, og Sti råder Marie til, når skilsmissen går i orden, ikke at blive boende på Kalø, men få sin medgift udbetalt og rejse udlands og slå sig ned der, gerne i Frankrig. Ulrik Frederik har hele tiden siden Marie forlod ham undgået at diskutere skilsmisse, dels fordi han håber, hun vil vende tilbage, dels fordi han nødigt kan undvære hendes medgift. Men i begyndelsen af 1670 dør Frederik III, og Ulrik Frederik indser, han må se at få ordnet sine forhold, nu kongen er hans halvbroder. Ulrik Frederik og Marie bliver officielt skilt, og Marie får hele sin medgift tilbage.

Marie Grubbe ønsker nu at komme væk fra det hele, og sammen med kammerpigen Lucie rejser hun til Lübeck, hvor Sti Høg snart efter slår følge med hende, så de sammen kan rejse ned i Europa. Sti virker forandret, mere afklaret, og Marie bliver på ny nysgerrig på ham, men forbavses over at høre Lucie fortælle historier om hans mange kvindelige bekendtskaber.

På en landevejskro lidt uden for Bremen sidder Marie, Sti og Lucie en aften og varmer sig foran ovnen sammen med to lokale noget bondske øldrikkende adelsmænd, som forsøger at konversere de fine gæster. Øllet stiger dem dog til hovedet, og de bliver nærgående over for damerne. Så deler Sti øretæver ud, og efter nogen tumult får han dem uskadeliggjort. Marie er de næste dage så betaget af Stis voldsomme mandighed den aften, at hun inviterer ham op i sin seng.

De følgende måneder kølnes Maries og Stis forhold imidlertid, fordi de begge, og især Marie, bærer på meget fra fortiden, som hun forsøger flygte fra og glemme, og under deres ophold i Paris foreslår Sti, at de skilles. Han finder sig uværdig til hendes kærlighed og spår, hun nok skal møde den rette mand.

Der går "det meste af et Aar", før læseren igen møder Marie, som efter en del flakken rundt nu bor i Nürnberg, sammen med en ung rig adelsmand, som forguder hende. Men en dag kommer den unge mand af dage i en rideulykke, og Marie mister sin velgører og må i foråret 1673 vende tilbage til Tjele, efter at hele hendes medgift nu er brugt op.

De næste mange år bor Marie Grubbe på Tjele, de første seks år hos sin gerrige far, men indgår så for at slippe væk et fornuftsægteskab med sin fars gårdbestyrer Palle Dyre. Han vælger dog, at parret skal blive boende på Tjele, hvor Marie nu gennem ti år lever i et "aldeles begivenhedsløst Ægteskab" med en mand hun foragter, så at hun i stedet i stigende grad finder velbehag i mad og drikke og efterhånden lader sit ydre forfalde.

Men så en nat brænder godsets hestestald, og da Marie, som nu er midt i fyrrerne, står og betragter branden, får hun øje på en stor og flot ung mand, som kæmper for at redde de mange heste ud. Marie kan ikke glemme synet af denne toogtyveårige Søren Ladefoged, og en dag på en af hendes vandreture mødes de tilfældigt, men udveksler kun nogle få høfligheder. De næste dage ser de igen flere gange hinanden, på afstand med stjålne blikke. Søren undrer sig over, at den fine herskabsfrue kigger så smilende og hemmelighedsfuldt på ham, og han fyldes med længsel. Så en dag tager han sig sammen, går hen til Marie og erklærer hende sin kærlighed og fortæller hende, at da han således har forbrudt sig mod reglerne for herskab og tjenestefolk, vil han tage sig af dage. Men Marie trygler ham om at lade være, og kaster sig om hans hals og siger, hun elsker ham.

Marie og Søren lykkes i den første tid med at holde deres forhold hemmeligt, men det bliver så opdaget af tjenestefolkene, som dog ikke røber dem til Maries mand og hendes far. Men tjenestepigerne kan ikke lade være med at drille Søren med forholdet, og karlene undrer sig over, Søren vil have en halvgammel kvinde, når han nemt kan få en ung. Han bliver mere forsigtig med at opsøge Marie, og indleder på skrømt et forhold til Ane, en af tjenestepigerne. Men en dag slår det klik for ham, da han skyder Ane med en haglbøsse og dernæst stikker af. Ane overlever og fortæller Palle Dyre hele historien om hans kones utroskab med Søren. Palle Dyre er i første omgang indstillet på at se gennem fingre med det skete, også for at undgå skandale, men Erik Grubbe er vred, sender ryttere ud for at anholde Søren og anmoder kongen om lov til at gøre Marie arveløs. I marts 1691 bliver Marie Grubbe og Palle Dyre skilt, og Marie og Søren forlader Tjele sammen.

En måned senere lever Søren og Marie af at underholde på markeder og er nået til Ribe, hvor domkirken den aften i anledning af landemode er åben for byens bedre borgerskab. Søren vil også ind og kigge, og efter lidt betænkning går Marie med. Hurtigt bliver de dog gennet ud igen, og bliver til grin blandt de øvrige fattige udenfor.

Den sommer sidder Søren og Marie sammen med nogle mænd en aften på en kro i Arhus og spiller kort, da byens alderstegne skarpretter dukker op og blandt kortspillerne forsøger at hverve en efterfølger til sit – lidet eftertragtede om end vellønnede – embede. Efter lidt forklaring takker en af mændene ja til tilbuddet. Skarpretteren vil gerne fejre aftalen ved at byde alle på et glas, og mændene nikker lidt tøvende og får serveret. Så går Marie Grubbe hen og hvisker noget i Sørens øre, hvorefter han ryster på hovedet. Og så er det Marie tager Sørens krus og hælder indholdet på gulvet, for at vise sin afsky over for skarpretteren. Senere, oppe på deres værelse, straffer Søren Marie med pisk for at have ydmyget ham foran de andre.

Da Erik Grubbe dør i 1696, arver Marie kun en mindre sum, som Søren først bruger på en ikke særlig indbringende forretning med hestehandel, for senere at købe Burrehuset, et færgested på Falster. Her bor de to resten af deres dage og lever af at færge folk frem og tilbage til Møn, og beværte de rejsende. De har det godt sammen i en årrække, men så bliver Søren i 1711 efter en mystisk skudepisode fængslet og idømt tre års strafarbejde. Samme år plager pesten i København, og en ung Ludvig Holberg søger tilflugt i Burrehuset, hvor han fører interessante samtaler med Marie om moral og tro.

Tilblivelse

Jacobsen har muligvis fået ideen til en bog om Marie Grubbe efter at have læst nogle kronikker af Georg Brandes om H.C. Andersen, som skrev historien "Hønse-Grethe fortæller", der netop handler om Marie Grubbe.

Jacobsen gik i gang med Fru Marie Grubbe, som var hans første roman, efter udgivelsen i 1872 af novellen Mogens, men arbejdet med at skrive bogen lå i perioder stille, og der skulle gå fire år, før bogen var færdig. I oktober 1874 tryktes de to første kapitler i litteraturtidsskriftet Nyt dansk Maanedsskrift, men det meste af bogen blev skrevet i månederne op til udgivelsen lige før jul 1876.

Jacobsen indledte arbejdet med bogen med omfattende historiske studier på det kongelige bibliotek, om alt fra personalhistorie, topografi, tale- og skriftsprog, kulturhistoriske og historiske og religiøse forhold til beklædning, sæder og skikke.

Modtagelse og eftermæle
Bogen fik ved sin udgivelse i det store og hele positive anmeldelser, men visse anmeldere var også forundrede, skeptiske og tøvende. Skrivestilen var ny og ukendt i dansk og nordisk sammenhæng, og skildringen af Marie Grubbes sociale nedtur og egenrådige forhold til mænd vakte foruroligelse og opstandelse. Man opfattede det som en lidt vovet fortælling, og det første oplag på 1.250 eksemplarer blev udsolgt på 10 dage. Bogen blev i sin samtid opfattet som en "skandalesucces", som inden længe var oversat til både svensk og tysk. Som forudset af Georg Brandes, som fulgte Jacobsens arbejde med interesse, er bogen pga. sin forfatters litterære stil og egensindige tilgang til opgaven blevet en klassiker i dansk litteratur, som har påvirket såvel dansk som udenlandsk, især tysk, litteraturopfattelse og som stadig afstedkommer litteraturhistoriske undersøgelser.

Romanen blev optaget i Danmarks kulturkanon i 2006, med følgende begrundelse:
Portrættet af Marie Grubbe indvarsler en ny tids ændrede forhold mellem mænd og kvinder. Maries følelser blotlægges i sansenære punktnedslag adskilt af episke spring, som løsrevne mosaiksten, der tilsammen antyder en livshistorie. Jacobsen er på én gang illusionsløs og intenst medlevende i sin skildring af en frigjort kvindes ubændighed og vildfarelser, og det hele sker i sproget: en bevidsthedsstrømmende, atmosfæremættet og detaljerig prosa, der låner træk fra barokken, såvel i dialogen som i ambitionen om at drive den lyriske beskrivelse til at indfange de mindste indtryk og bevægelser i et rastløst, lidenskabeligt sind.

Referencer

Litteratur
  J.P. Jacobsen (1876): Fru Marie Grubbe. Interieurer fra det syttende Aarhundrede. Tekstudgivelse, efterskrift og noter af Jørn Erslev Andersen, Danske Klassikere, Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab, Borgen, Det kgl. Bibliotek

Eksterne henvisninger
 'Nøgen hud, silke og stål', artikel af Dorthe Sondrup Andersen, på waybackmachine

Litteratur i 1876
Romaner fra Danmark
Kulturkanonen

Fru Marie Grubbe


පොළව සීරීමට සහ පස් කැපීමට ගන්නා කුඩා මෙවලම් වර්ගයකි.

උදළු වර්ග

පෝරු උදැල්ල
මඩ ස්භාවයක් පොලව සදහා භාවිත කරන උදැල්ලකි.

කරදිග උදැල්ල
ගැඹුරට පස පෙරලිය හැකිය උ

කොණ්ඩ උදැල්ල
ගැඹුරට පස පෙරලීමට සහ උදළු ගෑමට

අඩසඳ උදැල්ල
ගැඹුරට පස පෙරලීමට

යාපනේ උදැල්ල

වැලි පස සදහා. බර වැඩි උදැල්ලකි

කොළ උදැල්ල(ශාක පත්‍රයක හැඩති)

විශාල උදැල්ලකි.

උදළු

උදළු


643 (DCXLIII), çarşamba günü başlayan yıl.

Olaylar
 Maurikios kendini Roma dükü ilan etti.

Doğumlar
 Fazang, Çinli Budist patrik (ö. 712)

Ölümler
 Hou Junji, Tang Hanedanı şansölyesi
 Maurikios Chartoularios, Bizanslı isyancı
 Wei Zheng, Tang Hanedanı şansölyesi (d. 580)

643


Die Cyprus International 2010 im Badminton fanden vom 14. Oktober bis zum 17. Oktober 2010 in Nikosia, Zypern, statt. Das Preisgeld betrug 5.000 US-Dollar. Das Turnier hatte damit ein BWF-Level von 4B.

Finalresultate

Weblinks
 http://badminton.de/10-11-BE-Circuit.1887.0.html

2010
BE Circuit 2010/11
Badmintonwettbewerb in Nikosia
Badminton 2010

Cyprus International 2010


Glenea clytoides é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrita por Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe em 1867. É conhecida a sua existência na Singapura e Malásia.

Subespecie
 Glenea clytoides bankaensis Breuning, 1956
 Glenea clytoides clytoides (Pascoe, 1867)

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

clytoides
Coleópteros descritos em 1867

Glenea clytoides


In mathematics, a Galois module is a G-module, with G being the Galois group of some extension of fields. The term Galois representation is frequently used when the G-module is a vector space over a field or a free module over a ring in representation theory, but can also be used as a synonym for G-module. The study of Galois modules for extensions of local or global fields and their group cohomology is an important tool in number theory.

Examples
Given a field K, the multiplicative group (Ks)× of a separable closure of K is a Galois module for the absolute Galois group. Its second cohomology group is isomorphic to the Brauer group of K (by Hilbert's theorem 90, its first cohomology group is zero).
If X is a smooth proper scheme over a field K then the ℓ-adic cohomology groups of its geometric fibre are Galois modules for the absolute Galois group of K.

Ramification theory
Let K be a valued field (with valuation denoted v) and let L/K be a finite Galois extension with Galois group G. For an extension w of v to L, let Iw denote its inertia group. A Galois module ρ : G → Aut(V) is said to be unramified if ρ(Iw) = {1}.

Galois module structure of algebraic integers
In classical algebraic number theory, let L be a Galois extension of a field K, and let G be the corresponding Galois group. Then the ring OL of algebraic integers of L can be considered as an OK[G]-module, and one can ask what its structure is. This is an arithmetic question, in that by the normal basis theorem one knows that L is a free K[G]-module of rank 1. If the same is true for the integers, that is equivalent to the existence of a normal integral basis, i.e. of α in OL such that its conjugate elements under G give a free basis for OL over OK. This is an interesting question even (perhaps especially) when K is the rational number field Q.

For example, if L = Q(), is there a normal integral basis? The answer is yes, as one sees by identifying it with Q(ζ) where

 ζ = exp(2i/3).

In fact all the subfields of the cyclotomic fields for p-th roots of unity for p a prime number have normal integral bases (over Z), as can be deduced from the theory of Gaussian periods (the Hilbert–Speiser theorem). On the other hand, the Gaussian field does not. This is an example of a necessary condition found by Emmy Noether (perhaps known earlier?). What matters here is tame ramification. In terms of the discriminant D of L, and taking still K = Q, no prime p must divide D to the power p. Then Noether's theorem states that tame ramification is necessary and sufficient for OL to be a projective module over Z[G]. It is certainly therefore necessary for it to be a free module. It leaves the question of the gap between free and projective, for which a large theory has now been built up.

A classical result, based on a result of David Hilbert, is that a tamely ramified abelian number field has a normal integral basis.  This may be seen by using the Kronecker–Weber theorem to embed the abelian field into a cyclotomic field.

Galois representations in number theory
Many objects that arise in number theory are naturally Galois representations. For example, if L is a Galois extension of a number field K, the ring of integers OL of L is a Galois module over OK for the Galois group of L/K (see Hilbert–Speiser theorem). If K is a local field, the multiplicative group of its separable closure is a module for the absolute Galois group of K and its study leads to local class field theory. For global class field theory, the union of the idele class groups of all finite separable extensions of K is used instead.

There are also Galois representations that arise from auxiliary objects and can be used to study Galois groups. An important family of examples are the ℓ-adic Tate modules of abelian varieties.

Artin representations

Let K be a number field. Emil Artin introduced a class of Galois representations of the absolute Galois group GK of K, now called Artin representations. These are the continuous finite-dimensional linear representations of GK on complex vector spaces. Artin's study of these representations led him to formulate the Artin reciprocity law and conjecture what is now called the Artin conjecture concerning the holomorphy of Artin L-functions.

Because of the incompatibility of the profinite topology on GK and the usual (Euclidean) topology on complex vector spaces, the image of an Artin representation is always finite.

ℓ-adic representations
Let ℓ be a prime number. An ℓ-adic representation of GK is a continuous group homomorphism  where M is either a finite-dimensional vector space over ℓ (the algebraic closure of the ℓ-adic numbers Qℓ) or a finitely generated ℓ-module (where ℓ is the integral closure of Zℓ in ℓ). The first examples to arise were the ℓ-adic cyclotomic character and the ℓ-adic Tate modules of abelian varieties over K. Other examples come from the Galois representations of modular forms and automorphic forms, and the Galois representations on ℓ-adic cohomology groups of algebraic varieties.

Unlike Artin representations, ℓ-adic representations can have infinite image. For example, the image of GQ under the ℓ-adic cyclotomic character is . ℓ-adic representations with finite image are often called Artin representations. Via an isomorphism of ℓ with C they can be identified with bona fide Artin representations.

Mod ℓ representations

These are representations over a finite field of characteristic ℓ. They often arise as the reduction mod ℓ of an ℓ-adic representation.

Local conditions on representations

There are numerous conditions on representations given by some property of the representation restricted to a decomposition group of some prime. The terminology for these conditions is somewhat chaotic, with different authors inventing different names for the same condition and using the same name with different meanings. Some of these conditions include:

Abelian representations. This means that the image of the Galois group in the representations is abelian.
Absolutely irreducible representations. These remain irreducible over an algebraic closure of the field.
Barsotti–Tate representations. These are similar to finite flat representations.
Crystalline representations.
de Rham representations.
Finite flat representations. (This name is a little misleading, as they are really profinite rather than finite.) These can be constructed as a projective limit of representations of the Galois group on a finite flat group scheme.
Good representations. These are related to the representations of elliptic curves with good reduction.
Hodge–Tate representations.
Irreducible representations. These are irreducible in the sense that the only subrepresentation is the whole space or zero.
Minimally ramified representations.
Modular representations. These are representations coming from a modular form, but can also refer to representations over fields of positive characteristic.
Ordinary representations. These are related to the representations of elliptic curves with ordinary (non-supersingular) reduction. More precisely, they are 2-dimensional representations that are reducible with a 1-dimensional subrepresentation, such that the inertia group acts in a certain way on the submodule and the quotient. The exact condition depends on the author; for example it might act trivially on the quotient and by the character ε on the submodule.
Potentially something representations. This means that the representations restricted to an open subgroup of finite index has some specified property.
Reducible representations. These have a proper non-zero sub-representation.
Semistable representations. These are two dimensional representations related to the representations coming from semistable elliptic curves.
Tamely ramified representations. These are trivial on the (first) ramification group.
Unramified representations. These are trivial on the inertia group.
Wildly ramified representations. These are non-trivial on the (first) ramification group.

Representations of the Weil group
If K is a local or global field, the theory of class formations attaches to K its Weil group WK, a continuous group homomorphism , and an isomorphism of topological groups

where CK is K× or the idele class group IK/K× (depending on whether K is local or global) and  is the abelianization of the Weil group of K. Via φ, any representation of GK can be considered as a representation of WK. However, WK can have strictly more representations than GK. For example, via rK the continuous complex characters of WK are in bijection with those of CK. Thus, the absolute value character on CK yields a character of WK whose image is infinite and therefore is not a character of GK (as all such have finite image).

An ℓ-adic representation of WK is defined in the same way as for GK. These arise naturally from geometry: if X is a smooth projective variety over K, then the ℓ-adic cohomology of the geometric fibre of X is an ℓ-adic representation of GK which, via φ, induces an ℓ-adic representation of WK. If K is a local field of residue characteristic p ≠ ℓ, then it is simpler to study the so-called Weil–Deligne representations of WK.

Weil–Deligne representations
Let K be a local field. Let E be a field of characteristic zero. A Weil–Deligne representation over E of WK (or simply of K) is a pair (r, N) consisting of
 a continuous group homomorphism , where V is a finite-dimensional vector space over E equipped with the discrete topology,
 a nilpotent endomorphism  such that r(w)Nr(w)−1= ||w||N for all w ∈ WK.
These representations are the same as the representations over E of the Weil–Deligne group of K.

If the residue characteristic of K is different from ℓ, Grothendieck's ℓ-adic monodromy theorem sets up a bijection between ℓ-adic representations of WK (over ℓ) and Weil–Deligne representations of WK over ℓ (or equivalently over C). These latter have the nice feature that the continuity of r is only with respect to the discrete topology on V, thus making the situation more algebraic in flavor.

See also
Compatible system of ℓ-adic representations

Notes

References

Further reading

Algebraic number theory
Galois theory

Galois module


Homathko peut être
 le Homathko, fleuve canadien de Colombie-Britannique ;
 le champ de glace Homathko, champ de glace canadien de Colombie-Britannique  ;
 le parc provincial Homathko Estuary, parc provincial de Colombie-Britannique au Canada ;
 le Homathko Peak, montagne en Colombie-Britannique au Canada.

Voir aussi

Homathko


Carbisdale Castle was built in 1907 for the Duchess of Sutherland on a hill across the Kyle of Sutherland from Invershin in the Scottish Highlands. Until 2011 it was used as a youth hostel, operated by the Scottish Youth Hostels Association. The castle is situated north of Culrain, and around  north-west of Bonar Bridge. The castle is in the Scottish Baronial style, it has 365 windows, is  and is protected as a category B listed building. The hostel closed for repair in 2011, and was put up for sale in 2014. Until its closure, the castle had a large collection of art, with some pieces dating back to 1680, as well as Italian marble statues. It was purchased in 2016 but offered for sale again in 2021; in 2022 it was again sold and is now a private residence.

History

The castle was built between 1905 and 1917 for Mary Caroline, Duchess of Sutherland, the second wife of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland, whom she married in 1889. She is better known as "Duchess Blair" because of her first marriage to Captain Arthur Kindersley Blair of the 71st Highland Light Infantry, who died in a hunting accident in 1883 near Pitlochry. The marriage was not well-liked in the Sutherland family. When the Duke died in 1892 his will, in favour of the Duchess, was contested by his son and heir Cromartie. In a court process that followed, the Duchess was found guilty of destroying documents and was imprisoned for six weeks in Holloway Prison.

Eventually, the Sutherland family came to an agreement giving Duchess Blair a substantial financial settlement. Furthermore, the family agreed to build a castle for the Duchess, as long as it was outside of the Sutherland lands. The Duchess employed a firm of Ayrshire builders and the castle was built between 1906 and 1917 just outside the Sutherland lands in Ross-shire. It was located on a hillside to be visible to a large part of Sutherland, especially the main road and rail line which the Sutherland family would have to use to travel south. Thus it became known as the "Castle of Spite" as it was widely considered that the Duchess located the castle there to spite her husband's family and the settlement agreement. The castle's tower only has clock faces on three of its four sides; the side facing Sutherland is blank, supposedly because the Duchess did not wish to give her former relatives the time of day.

Colonel Theodore Salvesen, a wealthy Scottish businessman of Norwegian extraction, bought the castle in 1933. He made it available as a refuge for King Haakon VII of Norway and Crown Prince Olav, who would later become King Olav V, during the Nazi occupation of Norway in World War II. During that time the castle was also used to hold important meetings; at the Carbisdale Conference on 22 June 1941 it was agreed that should Russian forces enter Norwegian territory, they would not stay there after the war. On 25 October 1944, the Red Army entered Norway and captured thirty towns, but the Russian forces later withdrew under to the terms of the agreement. After the Colonel died his son, Captain Harold Salvesen, inherited the castle and gave its contents and estate to the Scottish Youth Hostels Association. Carbisdale Castle Youth Hostel opened to members on 2 June 1945.

Following frost damage, the hostel closed for repairs in February 2011. Further structural damage was discovered during repair work. Because of the cost of completing the repairs, the SYHA advertised the castle for sale in 2014, for £1.2 million. In addition they auctioned 17 marble sculptures and 36 paintings in May 2015, raising a further £1 million. In September 2016, the castle was purchased by FCFM Group Ltd, who planned to make it "a world-class private residence".

The castle was put up for sale again in April 2021, priced at £1.5 million. It was sold in October 2022 to the barrister Samantha Kane and has since undergone restoration. Kane, now known as Lady Carbisdale, uses the castle as her residence but intends to partially open it to the public.

References

External links

Carbisdale Castle, archived from Scottish Youth Hostels Association website in 2012

Castles in Highland (council area)
Buildings and structures in Sutherland
Country houses in Highland (council area)
Category B listed buildings in Highland (council area)
Listed castles in Scotland
!!
Tourist attractions in Highland (council area)
Hostels
Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland

Carbisdale Castle


Alan Pinheiro (født 13. maj 1992) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub JEF United Chiba.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Alan Pinheiro


Die HP Japan Women's Open Tennis 2011 waren ein Tennis-Hartplatzturnier für Frauen in Osaka. Es war als Turnier der International-Kategorie Teil der WTA Tour 2011. Es fand zeitgleich mit dem Generali Ladies Linz 2011 vom 10. bis 16. Oktober 2011 statt.

Das Finale im Einzel bestritten Marion Bartoli und Samantha Stosur, das Bartoli in zwei Sätzen gewann. Im Doppel gewann die Paarung Kimiko Date Krumm und Zhang Shuai in drei Sätzen gegen Vania King und Jaroslawa Schwedowa.

Qualifikation

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Doppel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Turnier der WTA Tour 2011
Tennisturnier in Osaka

HP Japan Women’s Open Tennis 2011


Emirmusa, Samsun ilinin Asarcık ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 1926 yılı kayıtlarında Karakise olarak geçmektedir. Emirmusa; daha önceleri bir köy iken, 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Mahalle, Samsun il merkezine 74 km, Asarcık ilçe merkezine 2 km uzaklıktadır. Horozun Tepe tümülüsü mahalle yakınlarında bulunur.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Asarcık'ın mahalleleri

Emirmusa, Asarcık


Harper este o editură americană, care operează în prezent ca marcă a grupului editorial global HarperCollins.

Istoric

J. & J. Harper (1817-1833)

James Harper și fratele lui, John, de meserie tipografi, au fondat compania de editare de carte J. & J. Harper în 1817. Alți doi frați, Joseph Wesley Harper și Fletcher Harper, s-au alăturat la mijlocul anilor 1820.

Harper & Brothers (1833-1962)
Compania și-a schimbat numele în "Harper & Brothers" în 1833. Sediul editurii era situat în 331 Pearl Street, vizavi de Franklin Square din Manhattan (aproape de locul în care se află astăzi Podul Brooklyn).

Harper & Brothers a început publicarea revistei Harper's New Monthly Magazine  în anul 1850. Frații au publicat, de asemenea, Harper's Weekly (începând din 1857), Harper's Bazar (începând din 1867) și Harper's Young People (începând din 1879).

George B. M. Harvey a devenit președinte al Harper's pe 16 noiembrie 1899.

În 1924, Cass Canfield s-a alăturat companiei Harper & Brothers și a deținut o varietate de poziții executive până la moartea sa în 1986. În 1925, Eugene F. Saxton s-a alăturat companiei ca redactor și a fost responsabil cu publicarea multor autori cunoscuți, inclusiv Edna St. Vincent Millay și Thornton Wilder. În 1935, Edward Aswell s-a mutat la Harper & Brothers ca redactor adjunct și a devenit în cele din urmă redactor-șef. Aswell l-a convins pe Thomas Wolfe să plece de la Scribners, și, după moartea lui Wolfe, a publicat romanele postume Web și The Web and the Rock, You Can't Go Home Again și The Hills Beyond.

Harper & Row (1962-1990)
În 1962, Harper & Brothers a fuzionat cu Row, Peterson & Company pentru a deveni Harper & Row. Editura Marshall Pickering a fost achiziționată de Harper and Row în 1988. Marshall Pickering fusese formată în 1981 prin fuziunea a două edituri creștine. Marshall Morgan and Scott, o editură predominant baptistă cu sediul la Londra, care a dobândit o serie de edituri de-a lungul anilor, cum ar fi Bagsters (editorii Bibliei începând din 1794) și Oliphants. Pickering and Inglis era o editură veche cu sediul la Glasgow, care publica o serie de cărți în mare măsură pentru biserica nonconformistă din Scoția.

HarperCollins (1990–prezent)
News Corporation (acum News Corp) a lui Rupert Murdoch a achiziționat Harper & Row în 1987 și William Collins, Sons în 1990. Numele acestor două edituri naționale (Harper & Row, în Statele Unite și Collins în Regatul Unit) au fost combinate (împreună cu torța de pe logo-ul Harper și fântâna de pe logo-ul Collins) pentru a crea HarperCollins, care și-a extins rețeaua sa internațională prin mai multe achiziții ale unor edituri independente. Marca Harper a început să fie folosită în loc de HarperCollins în 2007.

Autori și ilustratori

 Robert C. Binkley
 Margaret Wise Brown
 Agatha Christie
 Paulo Coelho
 Stephen Fry
 Anna Godbersen
 John Gray
 Zane Grey
 John Gunther
 Thomas Hardy
 Syd Hoff
 Arthur Holmes
 Erin Hunter
 Aldous Huxley
 Henry James

 Crockett Johnson
 Bruce Judson
 Harper Lee
 Martin Luther King Jr.
 Barbara Kingsolver
 Ruth Krauss
 Ursula K. Le Guin
 Armistead Maupin
 André Maurois
 Herman Melville
 Dick Morris
 Sarah Palin
 Lincoln Peirce
 Howard Pyle
 Leland M. Roth

 Laura Schlessinger
 Maurice Sendak
 Sara Shepard
 Shel Silverstein
 Betty Smith
 Lemony Snicket
 Howard Spring
 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
 Mark Twain
 Charles Dudley Warner
 E. B. White
 Simon Winchester
 Laura Ingalls Wilder
 Thornton Wilder
 Richard Nathaniel Wright

Referințe

Lectură suplimentară

 Barnes, James J. "Edward Lytton Bulwer and the Publishing Firm of Harper & Brothers." American Literature (1966): 35-48. in JSTOR
 D'Amato, Martina. "'The Harper Establishment'; or, How a New York Publishing Giant Was Made."
 Exman, Eugene. The brothers Harper: a unique publishing partnership and its impact upon the cultural life of America from 1817 to 1853 (Harper & Row, 1965)

 Mellman, John A. (2017), "The Harper Torchbooks Series: A History and Personal Assessment", publishinghistory.com.

Surse primare

Legături externe
 Official website (US)
 Official website (UK)
 The Harper Brothers Founders of Harper Brothers Publishing

Edituri din Statele Unite ale Americii
Fondări în 1817

Harper (editură)


Afrika jasanası (Actophilornis africana), jasanagiller (Jacanidae) familyasından Afrika'da görülen bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri

Bunlar, dikkat çekici ve kolay tanınan kuşlardır. 30 cm uzunluğundadır, dişiler, erkeklerden daha büyüktür. Gaga dibinden göze paralel boynun arka kısmına kadar olan yerler siyahtır. Gaga ve alın bölgesi açık mavidir. Gözün altı ve boynun yanları boyunca göğse kadar devam eden hat beyaz renklidir. Sırt ve karın bölgesi kestane rengindedir. Açık mavi bacak ve ayak parmakları uzuncadır.

Dağılımı ve Üreme

Afrika jasanası, Afrika'da alt Sahara boyunca görülür. Mevsimlik dağılımın dışında yerleşiktir. Yüzen bir yuvaya dört siyah işaretli kahverengi yumurta koyar. Erkekler, deniz çulluğu gibi kuluçka dönemi boyunca sorumluluk alır.

Beslenme

Afrika jasanasının temel yiyeceği böceklerdir, bunun yanında diğer omurgasız hayvanları da yer.

Jasanagiller
Johann Friedrich Gmelin tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar
1789'da tanımlanan kuşlar
Afrika kuşları
Doğu Afrika kuşları
Sahra Altı Afrika kuşları

Afrika jakanası


Lodovico (or Ludovico) Zacconi (11 June 1555 – 23 March 1627)  was an Italian composer and musical theorist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras.  He worked as a singer, theologian, and writer on music in northern Italy and Austria; for a time he was in the employ of Archduke Karl of Graz, and worked in Graz and Vienna.

Biography
Born in Pesaro, in the Marche, Zacconi became an Augustinian friar at Venice, where he was ordained priest. In 1577 he was in Venice studying at the church of San Stefano, and at some point in the following six years he was accepted by Andrea Gabrieli as a student of counterpoint.  In 1584 he auditioned at San Marco as a singer, and was accepted; however he seems to have declined the position.  Also at this time he met Zarlino, the prominent Venetian School theorist; he was to mention the meeting in the second part of his Prattica di musica (1622).  On 20 July 1585, he joined the musical establishment of Archduke Karl of Graz, a position he retained until Karl's death in 1590. Subsequently, he joined the chapel of Wilhelm V, Duke of Bavaria, which was directed by Orlande de Lassus.

In 1596 he left the employ of Wilhelm, returning to Italy; in the following years he worked as a prior at Pesaro, and as a preacher and administrator in both Italy and Crete.  He retired to Pesaro in 1612, where he remained until his death (at Fiorenzuola di Focara, near Pesaro).

Works
Zacconi's fame rests on his great work Prattica di Musica, first published in 1592 at Venice, of which a second volume appeared in 1619 (or, according to other sources, 1622).

His theoretical works are conservative, and make no mention of the emerging Baroque style, in spite of his studies with the distinguished Venetian composer Andrea Gabrieli.  His most important works are the two books of Prattica di musica (Musical Practice) which he published in Venice in 1592 and 1622.  These two volumes—containing four works—treat exhaustively of musical theory, and are copiously illustrated. The directions for rendering polyphonic music are of the highest value, especially the Palestrina illustrations. He deals fully with the six Authentic and six Plagal Modes, studiously omitting the Locrian and Hypolocrian Modes. But he also treats of orchestral instruments—their compass and method of playing—and gives valuable information as to the scoring of early operas and oratorios. In fact he covers the whole ground of music, as practised at the close of the 16th century.

Zacconi's treatises are an invaluable guide to the study of performance practice of vocal music of the very late Renaissance.  Parts of his work were incorporated by Michael Praetorius into his Syntagma musicum (1618), and by Pietro Cerone into his Melopeo y maestro (1613).

Sources

Further reading

 Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance.  New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954.
 Edward Foreman Late renaissance singing : Giovanni Camillo Maffei, Discourse on the voice and the method of learning to sing ornamentation, without a teacher (1562) ; Lodovico Zacconi, the practice of music, book one, chapters LVIII-LXXX (1592) ; Giovanni Battista Bovicelli, Rules, passages of music (1594); Giovanni Luca Conforto, Brief and easy method ... (1603?) with English translation, Pro Music Press, 2001

Italian music theorists
Italian male classical composers
Italian Baroque composers
Renaissance composers
People from Pesaro
1555 births
1627 deaths
17th-century Italian composers
17th-century male musicians

Lodovico Zacconi