Joseph Anthony Pereira (born September 10, 1950), professionally known as Joe Perry, is an American musician best known as the founding member, lead guitarist, backing and occasional lead vocalist of the rock band Aerosmith. Perry also has his own solo band called the Joe Perry Project, and is a member of the all-star band Hollywood Vampires with Alice Cooper and Johnny Depp.

He was ranked 84th in Rolling Stone's list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and in 2001, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Aerosmith. In 2013, Perry and his songwriting partner Steven Tyler were recipients of the ASCAP Founders Award and were also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In October 2014, Simon & Schuster released Rocks: My Life In and Out of Aerosmith, written by Perry with David Ritz.

Biography

Early life (1950–1970)
Joseph Anthony Pereira was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and grew up in Hopedale, Massachusetts. His father was an accountant of Portuguese descent from Madeira, and his mother was a high school gym teacher of Italian descent.

At a very young age, Perry found himself drawn to the ocean. His dream was to one day become a marine biologist and follow in the footsteps of his hero, Jacques Cousteau. His grades at Hopedale Junior Senior High School were not good, and his chances of eventually going to college were fading. At one point, his parents even tried enticing him with a promise that if he worked to get his grades up, he might be able to intern for a summer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on Cape Cod. However, Joe's academic struggles continued, and in his junior year, his parents made the decision to withdraw him from Hopedale and enroll him at an all-boys preparatory school, Vermont Academy. The boarding school, which housed around 200 young men, was located in Saxtons River, a small town in southern Vermont. The teenaged Joe Perry was not very happy with this plan. It was his parents' hope that, with their son actually living at the school and being embedded in such an educational environment, he would be able to focus more on learning and bring his grades up to an acceptable college entry level.

Many years later, in his memoir, Rocks: My Life In and Out of Aerosmith, Perry wrote about his self-professed learning difficulties during his school years and how it was actually the result of his having ADHD, a condition that had remained undiagnosed until recently. He spoke about it while discussing the book in a 2014 interview with J.C. Macek for PopMatters: "It was looked at as a discipline problem when I was in school. And certainly, over the years, after I left school, I had forged my way into this thing called rock 'n' roll and it was less of an issue." However, Perry now considers the possibility that the learning disability was something of a double-edged sword for his career: "I'm starting to realize that in some ways it's helped my guitar playing and it's hurt my guitar playing in the way that I kind of learned certain things and my ability to retain certain things."

The time Perry spent at Vermont Academy was vastly different from what his parents had envisioned for him, and it turned out to be an experience that would forever alter the trajectory of his life. Living there was nothing like what Joe had been accustomed to, coming from such a sheltered small town like Hopedale. The students who attended this prep school were from all over the world. Many of them lived in major metropolitan cities like Los Angeles and New York, and unlike Perry, they had been living right in the middle of the "sex, drugs, and rock 'n roll" culture of the late 1960s: "After vacations, guys would come back with bits and pieces of different cultures", Perry was quoted as saying in an interview with the Burlington Free Press. "It was a real education for me and not the kind of learning they (his parents) sent me there for."

His classmates introduced him to a whole new world, and he soon started discovering things like The Village Voice, the first underground newspaper to extensively cover American culture. However, it was his exposure to this new music that would be the heaviest influence on him. It was so different from anything he had ever heard before. Perry had actually taken up the guitar at the age of ten, and even though he is left-handed, he learned to play with his right. He said in 2014 that a substantial early influence on his music was the Beatles: "The night The Beatles first played The Ed Sullivan Show, boy, that was something. Seeing them on TV was akin to a national holiday. Talk about an event. I never saw guys looking so cool. I had already heard some of their songs on the radio, but I wasn't prepared by how powerful and totally mesmerizing they were to watch. It changed me completely. I knew something was different in the world that night." After hearing the music his classmates were listening to, he found himself becoming even more obsessed with his playing. He would sit in his room for hours, lifting the needle off a record that was playing. He then would try to drop it back down in the same spot, so it would be perfectly in sync with the riff he was playing on his own guitar.

Vermont Academy was where he heard Jimi Hendrix for the first time. It was also where he first heard British rock bands like the Who, the Kinks, and the Yardbirds – the band responsible for one of Aerosmith's first and most iconic covers, "Train Kept a Rollin". It was where Joe Perry went from dreaming about being a marine biologist to dreaming about being in a band like The Yardbirds. Perry said: "This band called the Yardbirds had a sound like I had never heard before, they had guitars that sound like nothing I'd ever heard before. The Stones were pushing the edge with distorted guitars. That was a big influence on me."

Formation and initial success of Aerosmith (1968–1979)

During the 1960s, Perry formed The Jam Band with Tom Hamilton. Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them, and the band became Aerosmith. While initially dismissed as Rolling Stones knock-offs, the band came into its own during the mid-1970s, with a string of hit records. Chief among these successes were Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), thanks largely to the prevalence of free-form, album-oriented FM radio. The group also managed hit singles on the radio, with songs like "Dream On", "Same Old Song and Dance", "Sweet Emotion", "Walk This Way", "Back in the Saddle", and "Last Child".

During this time, Perry and Tyler became known as the "Toxic Twins" for their notorious hard-partying and drug use. Aerosmith's crowd earned the nickname "The Blue Army", so called by the band after the seemingly endless number of teenagers in the audience wearing blue denim jackets and blue jeans. The audience was abundantly male with long hair.

Following Rocks, the group began to stumble. Drug use escalated and the creative process became hampered by strained relationships within the band. This was highlighted during the recording process for their next album, which was recorded at an abandoned convent in upstate New York. During their time there, Tyler and Perry would spend much of the time in their rooms getting high, away from the rest of the band, and would often record their parts separately. The band, hampered by heavy drug use and distracted by hobbies such as driving fast cars on the nearby parkways and shooting high-powered firearms in the building's attic, struggled to come up with material. Draw the Line, released in 1977, became a hit nonetheless, going double Platinum. However, it was not as successful as their prior efforts, with the singles "Draw the Line" and "Kings and Queens" both charting in the Hot 100, but failing to crack the Top 40. On the album, Perry sang lead vocals on the track "Bright Light Fright". The band toured throughout 1977 and 1978 in support of the album, but increasing violence at concerts (such as bottles, cherry bombs, M-80s, and firecrackers being thrown on-stage, including several notorious incidents at the Spectrum in Philadelphia) as well as the band's heavy drug use began to mar the performances. In 1978, Aerosmith released the live collection Live! Bootleg, released the stand-alone single "Chip Away the Stone", and starred as "The Future Villain Band" in the film Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. For the film, the band released a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together", which would become the band's last Top 40 hit for nearly a decade.

Decline of Aerosmith and formation of Joe Perry Project (1979–1984)
In 1979, Aerosmith headlined over Van Halen, Ted Nugent, AC/DC and Foreigner during the world music festival concerts. However, as the decade was about to conclude, the band's drug use began taking its toll, and tensions were slowly coming to a head. On July 28, 1979, at the World Series of Rock in Cleveland, an argument resulted in Perry's wife throwing a glass of milk at Tom Hamilton's wife. Perry and Tyler had a heated argument, which led to Perry leaving Aerosmith part-way through the recording of the album Night in the Ruts, with the remainder of his parts played by temporary guitarists. Perry took a collection of unrecorded material with him, which would later become the basis of his album Let the Music Do the Talking, released in 1980. The album featured vocalist Ralph Mormon, bassist David Hull and drummer Ronnie Stewart and went on to sell 250,000 copies. Midway through the tour in support of the album, Ralph Mormon was replaced for the remainder of the tour by Joey Mala. It was followed by I've Got the Rock'n'Rolls Again in 1981, which featured vocalist/rhythm guitarist Charlie Farren, a veteran of the Boston rock scene. After this tour, there was a major shakeup of the band: Charlie Farren, David Hull and Ronnie Stewart left the band and the Joe Perry Project was dropped from Columbia Records. Equipped with a new record label (MCA Records) and three new band members in singer Mach Bell, bassist Danny Hargrove and drummer Joe Pet, the Joe Perry Project released the follow-up and Once a Rocker, Always a Rocker (1983). These albums did not fare as well as The Project's debut, selling only 40,000 copies apiece. Despite the poor sales, The Project went out on a final tour in support of the album, adding former Aerosmith guitarist Brad Whitford to the lineup. During this tour, The Project performed in a series of co-bills with Huey Lewis and the News.

Reunion of Aerosmith and return to the spotlight (1984–1999)
In February 1984, both Perry and Whitford met up with their old bandmates in Aerosmith, which led to their rejoining the band two months later. Aerosmith signed a new record deal with Geffen Records (which coincidentally was sold to MCA in 1990, absorbing the MCA label 13 years later). When Perry rejoined Aerosmith, he brought on his manager Tim Collins to manage the band. Collins would help orchestrate much of Aerosmith's success over the next decade.

In 1984, Aerosmith embarked on a successful comeback tour, the "Back in the Saddle Tour". The following year, the band released their first album since re-uniting, Done with Mirrors, which was received favorably by critics but did not fare as well commercially, only going gold and failing to generate a hit single, aside from the rock radio cut "Let the Music Do the Talking", a remake of Perry's 1980 solo song. In 1986, Perry and Tyler collaborated with Run-D.M.C. in a remake of Aerosmith's 1975 hit "Walk This Way", which helped break rap into mainstream popularity and brought Aerosmith renewed mainstream attention as well. Despite their success since re-forming, drug problems still stood in their way. After completing drug rehabilitation, Aerosmith went on to collaborate with various big-name songwriters (such as Desmond Child and Jim Vallance), producers (Bruce Fairbairn), A&R men (John Kalodner), and music video directors (Marty Callner and David Fincher) to launch their true comeback, with the successful multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation (1987), Pump (1989), and Get a Grip (1993), which were backed by many hit singles ("Dude (Looks Like a Lady)", "Angel", "Rag Doll", "Love in an Elevator", "Janie's Got a Gun", "What it Takes", "The Other Side", "Livin' on the Edge", "Cryin'", "Amazing", and "Crazy"), popular music videos, and worldwide concert tours. The band won several awards throughout the 1990s, including four Grammy Awards and ten MTV Video Music Awards. Perry and Tyler resumed their friendship, again co-writing songs and performing very close together on stage, as well as vacationing together with their families after the conclusion of the Get a Grip Tour. However, tensions with the band hit its stride again in 1996, while the band was in the midst of recording their next album. While songwriting and recording sessions in Miami had begun well, the band's manager began pressuring the band members, spreading false information to the band members, and keeping the band members separate from one another, almost causing Aerosmith to disband. While grateful for all he had done to help resurrect their careers, Aerosmith fired Collins in 1996, and carried on with new management. The double-platinum-certified album, Nine Lives, was finally released in 1997. Nine Lives was fueled by the hit singles "Falling in Love (Is Hard on the Knees)" and "Pink" and supported by the three-year-long Nine Lives Tour. During this time, Perry starred in a commercial for The Gap with Steven Tyler. The band also released their bestselling tell-all book Walk This Way: The Autobiography of Aerosmith. In 1998, Perry helped conceive the group's first number one single, "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", with pop songwriter Diane Warren. It appeared on the soundtrack to the film Armageddon, in which Tyler's daughter Liv starred. In 1999, the Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith opened at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. On September 9, 1999, Perry and Tyler reunited with Run-D.M.C. and were also joined by Kid Rock for a collaborative live performance of "Walk This Way" at the MTV Video Music Awards.

Continued success of Aerosmith and solo albums (2000–present)
In 2001, Aerosmith performed at the Super Bowl XXXV half-time show and released the platinum-certified album, Just Push Play, which included the Top 10 single "Jaded". Shortly after the album's release, Perry was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Aerosmith. The band subsequently went on the eight-month-long Just Push Play Tour and went on to tour every following year, with the exception of 2008. The Aerosmith blues cover album Honkin' on Bobo was released in 2004. Perry released his first solo record, the self-titled Joe Perry, in May 2005. It was recorded at his home studio (The Boneyard) in suburban Boston, with every instrument but the drums played by Perry himself. Critics also responded favorably; Rolling Stone magazine crowned it with three-and-a-half (out of five) stars, declaring "A Joe Perry solo joint? about time!" He was also nominated for "Best Rock Instrumental" at the 2006 Grammys for the track "Mercy" but lost to Les Paul. In 2006, Perry performed alongside Steven Tyler for a three-song medley ("Dream On", "Walk This Way", "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing") with the Boston Pops Orchestra as part of a nationally televised event to celebrate the Fourth of July in Boston, Massachusetts.

Guitar Hero: Aerosmith, a video game featuring the band's songs, was released in 2008. In 2009, while on tour with Aerosmith, Perry announced that he would be releasing a new Joe Perry Project album entitled Have Guitar, Will Travel, which was released on October 6, 2009. The first single from the album was "We've Got a Long Way to Go". This marks the first Joe Perry Project album since 1983's Once a Rocker, Always a Rocker, and the fifth Joe Perry solo album in total, counting the 2005 self-titled album. He toured Europe and the States in late 2009 and early 2010 in support of the album. After Tyler fell off a stage during an Aerosmith show in August 2009 in Sturgis, South Dakota, during the band's Guitar Hero: Aerosmith Tour (causing the rest of the ill-fated tour to be canceled), tensions flared between Tyler and his bandmates, especially Perry, and it got to the point where the band members were not speaking to each other. Media reports began to circulate that Tyler had left the band and that Perry and the other members of Aerosmith were seeking out a new singer to replace Tyler. On November 10, 2009, at a Joe Perry Project concert in New York City, Tyler made a surprise appearance, assuring the crowd he was not quitting Aerosmith and performed "Walk This Way" with the band. After Tyler completed drug rehabilitation in early 2010, he got back together with his bandmates and they announced a world tour called the Cocked, Locked, Ready to Rock Tour which took place in the spring and summer of 2010. While on tour, several on-stage incidents (including Tyler accidentally hitting Perry in the head with his mic stand and Perry bumping Tyler off the stage) as well as Tyler signing on to be a judge on American Idol without telling his bandmates caused tensions to again flare between Tyler and Perry, but cooled once again by the time the tour ended.

Aerosmith then proceeded to spend much of the summer of 2011 recording their next album, their first of predominantly original material in a decade. Like Honkin' on Bobo, their next album was produced by a team that included Perry, Tyler, Jack Douglas, and Marti Frederiksen. The band toured Japan and South America in late 2011 and continued recording in early 2012. In May 2012, their new single "Legendary Child" was released and performed live on the season finale of American Idol. It was also announced that the band's new album would be titled Music from Another Dimension! and would be released in August 2012; the album's release date would later be pushed back to November 2012. Two more singles ("What Could Have Been Love and "Lover Alot") were released in advance of the album. The band supported the album with the Global Warming Tour, which lasted for much of summer and fall of 2012 and appearances on national television programs. In January 2013, the single "Can't Stop Lovin' You" (a duet with country star Carrie Underwood) was released, and in February, it was announced that Perry and his songwriting partner Steven Tyler would be recipients of the ASCAP Founders Award at the society's 30th Annual Pop Music Awards on April 17 and that the duo would be inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame at a ceremony to be held on June 13.

In late April and early May 2013, Aerosmith extended their Global Warming Tour to Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. This marked the band's first performances in Australia in 23 years, and the band's first-ever performances in the latter three countries. On May 30, Aerosmith performed as part of the "Boston Strong" charity concert for victims of the Boston Marathon bombing. The band also performed at a handful of shows in the U.S. and Japan in July and August. In the fall of 2013, Aerosmith extended their tour to Central and South America, including their first-ever performances in Guatemala, El Salvador and Uruguay.

From May 17 to June 28, 2014, Perry performed 15 shows with Aerosmith on the European leg of the Global Warming Tour. This was followed by the Let Rock Rule Tour (featuring Slash with Myles Kennedy & the Conspirators as the opening act), which sent Aerosmith to 19 locations across North America from July 10 to September 12.

On October 7, 2014, Perry released his autobiography Rocks: My Life in and Out of Aerosmith, co-written by David Ritz. Perry promoted the book with a book-signing tour that took him to 14 locations across the United States in the month of October.

On June 13, 2015, Perry embarked on the Blue Army Tour with Aerosmith, which sent the band to 17 North American locations through August 7, many of them in smaller venues in secondary markets that the band has either never performed in or has not performed in many years. On the tour, the band performed several lesser-known deep cuts. Also in 2015, Perry was one of the narrators for the documentary film Unity.

Since 2015, Joe Perry has worked with Alice Cooper and Johnny Depp on the side project Hollywood Vampires, which released their eponymous debut album in September 2015 and performed at the 58th Grammy Awards on February 15, 2016. In the summer of 2016, the Vampires launched a summer concert tour of North America, joined by drummer Matt Sorum and bassist Robert DeLeo.

On July 10, 2016, Perry collapsed onstage at a concert he was performing with the Hollywood Vampires on Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York. It was believed that Perry had suffered cardiac arrest. He was rushed to the hospital, where he was quickly upgraded to stable condition later that night. The Vampires continued the show without Perry that evening, and continued the rest of their tour, but canceled an appearance on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. After resting for a few days, Perry made a full recovery and returned to the Hollywood Vampires tour.

In September and October, Perry rejoined Aerosmith for a festival performance in San Diego and a nine-date tour of Latin America, called the Rock 'N' Roll Rumble Tour. In November 2016, Aerosmith announced that they would be going on a "farewell" tour in Europe in the spring and summer of 2017, titled the Aero-Vederci Baby! tour. According to Perry and bandmate Brad Whitford, the tour will likely last several years and the band is also considering recording another album. After the European leg of the tour concluded in July 2017, the band performed in South America in September and October 2017.

In November 2017, Perry announced a January 2018 release date for his fourth solo album, Sweetzerland Manifesto. The album comprised ten tracks of new material and included guest musicians Johnny Depp, Robin Zander, David Johansen, and others. In November 2018, Perry released the first single off Sweetzerland Manifesto, entitled "Quake", with Aerosmith bandmate Brad Whitford and Gary Cherone of Extreme on board.

In 2019, Perry joined Aerosmith for a residency in Las Vegas called "Aerosmith: Deuces are Wild", a reference to both Las Vegas casino gambling and the band's 1994 single of the same name. The band will play 50 shows during the months of April 2019 through June 2020 at the Park Theater. Interspersed in the middle of the residency in July and August 2019, the band performed at a festival in Minnesota and played a total of nine shows spread across three MGM venues in Maryland, New Jersey, and Massachusetts.

Personal life
Perry was married to Elyssa Jerret from 1975 to 1982. Together they had a son, Adrian. With his second wife, Billie, whom he married in 1985, he has two sons, Tony and Roman. She has a son, Aaron, from a previous relationship. Adrian and Tony Perry are founding members of the rock group Dead Boots. As of 2014, Perry and his wife had homes in Vermont, Massachusetts, Florida, and Los Angeles.

Perry endorsed John McCain for the 2008 Presidential election, and described himself as a "lifelong Republican". "I love America", he said. "I love the culture. I love the freedom that it stands for. But I don't like the politics. I don't feel the people are represented the way they should be. So many things that made America great have been kinda stepped on by politicians. Politics is a business. First thing they do when they get into office is figure out how they're gonna get reelected."

Perry has spearheaded the creation of a line of hot sauces with Ashley Food Company: Joe Perry's Rock Your World Hot Sauces, featured widely in the marketplace. A quesadilla featuring a flavor of his hot sauce is available as an appetizer at Hard Rock Cafe. Perry was featured in an episode of TV's Inside Dish with Rachael Ray during a stop on an Aerosmith tour. He prepared a meal, displayed his passion for knives, discussed his hot sauce brand and cooking, and gave insight into meal preparations on tour.

Until 2006, Perry, with bandmate Steven Tyler and other partners, co-owned Mount Blue, a restaurant in Norwell, Massachusetts.

Perry resides in Massachusetts, and maintains a home in Pomfret, Vermont.

After performing at a Billy Joel concert at Madison Square Garden in November 2018, Perry collapsed in his dressing room. Perry had experienced a similar backstage collapse in July 2016 after performing with the Hollywood Vampires. Reportedly, his breathing problem appears to be congestion in the lungs, but Perry later blamed "dehydration and exhaustion" for his health issues.

As a result of his NYC collapse, Perry canceled his fall/winter Sweetzerland Manifesto concert tour in order to rest for the remainder of 2018.

Influences
He is a huge fan of the early Fleetwood Mac, particularly their first lead guitarist, Peter Green, which explains the occasional inclusion of the FM classics "Stop Messin' Round" and "Rattlesnake Shake" in Aerosmith's sets. Steven Tyler has even mentioned that hearing Perry play "Rattlesnake Shake" brought them together. He is also a huge fan of guitarist Jeff Beck and looked at him as one of his influences. Beck played onstage with Aerosmith in 1976, as a 'birthday present' for Perry. Perry was also strongly influenced by Jimi Hendrix as evidenced in particular by some of the playing on the Joe Perry Project track song "The Mist Is Rising", and his covering the Hendrix classic "Red House" both with the Project and later with Aerosmith. Perry also cites Johnny Winter as an important influence "probably since I was about seventeen or eighteen. I've always loved his music."
Perry is a huge fan of Led Zeppelin and Jimmy Page in particular. He and Steven Tyler had the honor of inducting Led Zeppelin into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and specifically stated that Aerosmith would not exist in its current form without them.

Equipment

Perry has a collection of about 600 guitars. He prefers Gibson guitars, particularly the Les Paul, with a few models even recreated by the manufacturer as part of their Signature series. One of those, a 1959 Gibson Les Paul, had to be sold by Perry during his 1982 divorce. Later Perry had his guitar tech and equipment managers search for this guitar. One day someone brought him a guitar magazine and in the middle of the centerfold was Slash with the Les Paul in his hand. Perry immediately called Slash and bugged him for years, offering to pay more than the guitar's worth which had nearly tripled since Joe sold it. Eventually he gave up as it was straining the pair's friendship. Many years later at Joe's 50th birthday party, Slash finally gave him the guitar as a gift. He also owns various Gibson ES guitars (one of which features a painting of his wife Billie), and Gibson Firebirds.

Discography

Studio albums
 Joe Perry (2005)
 Have Guitar, Will Travel (2009)
 Joe Perry's Merry Christmas (2014)
 Sweetzerland Manifesto (2018)
 Sweetzerland Manifesto MKII (2023)

with Aerosmith
 Aerosmith (1973)
 Get Your Wings (1974)
 Toys in the Attic (1975)
 Rocks (1976)
 Draw the Line (1977)
 Night in the Ruts (1979)
 Done with Mirrors (1985)
 Permanent Vacation (1987)
 Pump (1989)
 Get a Grip (1993)
 Nine Lives (1997)
 Just Push Play (2001)
 Honkin' on Bobo (2004)
 Music from Another Dimension! (2012)

with The Joe Perry Project
 Let the Music Do the Talking (1980)
 I've Got the Rock'n'Rolls Again (1981)
 Once a Rocker, Always a Rocker (1983)

with Hollywood Vampires
 Hollywood Vampires (2015)
 Rise (2019)
 Live In Rio (2023)

Guest appearances
Played guitar on David Johansen's 1978 album
Played guitar on Gene Simmons's 1978 album
He performed the solo on the Eminem song "Sing for the Moment", which also sampled "Dream On".
Played the solo on the Bon Jovi song "Last Chance Train" from the 100,000,000 Bon Jovi Fans Can't Be Wrong boxset.
Appeared with Johnny Depp on Steve Hunter's The Manhattan Blues Project (2013).
 "Bad Man" (with Robin Thicke and Travis Barker from the Pitbull album Climate Change) (2016)
 Perry contributed guitar to the song "Rain & Dream" on the 2019 album New Love by B'z.
 "Get Ready" (with Blake Shelton from the Pitbull album Libertad 548) (2020)

Miscellaneous
 Perry performed the theme song to the Spider-Man animated series. At one point in the series, Peter Parker uses the Symbiote suit to change into attire similar to that of Joe Perry's while riffs from the opening theme play in the background.
 Played a detective in the Homicide: Life on the Street episode "Brotherly Love". He was credited as "Anthony Joseph Perry".
 He performed a duet of "You Really Got Me" with Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol 6.
 Perry was a judge for the 5th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.

See also
The Joe Perry Project
Toxic Twins

References

External links

Joeperry.com – Perry's official website
Joe Perry's Rock Your World – Perry's hot sauce brand
Aerosmith's Official Website
2015 Joe Perry Interview on Guitar.com

1950 births
Aerosmith members
American heavy metal guitarists
American people of Italian descent
American musicians of Portuguese descent
Lead guitarists
Living people
Massachusetts Republicans
Guitarists from Massachusetts
People from Lawrence, Massachusetts
Slide guitarists
People of Madeiran descent
American male guitarists
American rock guitarists
Blues rock musicians
People from Pomfret, Vermont
American people of Portuguese descent
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Vermont Academy alumni
Hollywood Vampires (band) members
People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Joe Perry (musician)


කර්නල් මුවම්මර් අල් ගඩාෆි (උපත:1942 ජූනි; විපත:2011 ඔක්. 20) ලිබියානු දේශපාලන හා හමුදා නායකයෙකි. 1969 දී, හමුදා කුමන්ත්‍රණයක් මඟින් ලිබියාවේ ඉඩ්රිස් (Idris) රජු බලයෙන් පහ කොට එරට නායකත්වයට පත් විය. 2011 වර්ෂයේදී ලිබියාවේ සිවිල් යුද්ධයක් හට ගැණුන අතර ලිබියාවේ අගනුවර වන ටිර්පෝලි නුවර ඇතිවු ගැටුමි වලින් ගඩාෆිගේ හමුදා පරාජයට පත්විය.පසුව ගඩාෆි ඇතුලු හමුදාවේ බලය ගඩාෆිගේ උපන් නගරය වන සර්ටි නුවරට පමණක් සීමාවිය.සර්ටි නුවර ඇතිවු සටන් වලදී මුවම්මර් ගඩාෆි අත් අඩංගුවට ගැණුන අතර ඔහුගේ මරණය 2011 ඔක්තෝබර් මස 20වන දින සිදුවිය. මුවම්මර් ගඩාෆිගේ මෘත දේහය මිහිදන් කිරීම 2011 ඔක්තෝබර් මස 25වන දින සිදුවිය.1969 පටන් 2011 දක්වා පුරා වසර 42ක් ලිබියාවේ නායකත්වය ඉසිලී ය.

මේවාද බලන්න

 ලිබියාව

බාහිර සබැදි
 Personal Website
 Interview with Gaddafi on Youtube
 Libyan PM denies responsibility
 "Gaddafi Plays Quietly, But He's Still in the Game," The New York Times, March 17, 1991.
 Reuters article on Gaddafi's Unified Africa - ''during G8 summit meetings on relieving African debt 4 July, 2005 22:08 (UTC)
 "Meeting Muammar"  by Vivienne Walt, Slate.com, 16 December, 2004
 Straight Dope article on the many spellings of Muammar's name
 Libya news and views
 Anti-Gaddafi website
 Gaddafi: A Living Myth - Performance by Asian Dub Foundation in conjunction with ENO
 "Colonel Bogey"  by Gisle Tangenes, BitsofNews.com, 02 September, 2006
 "You are not alone" International humanitarian mission in support of the Bulgarian Medics in Libya
 alwasla Libya web directory
 Qadhafi Talks Up 'Direct Democracy'
 Jewish refugees from Arab countries
 Unknown immigration from Libya has swelled ranks of Italian Jewry
 Timeline about Jews in Libya
 Gadhafi ready to compensate Jews who fled Libya
 As part of his 'charm offensive,' Gadhafi courts former Libyan Jews?
 Is Libya Contagious?

චරිත කතා
හමුදා කුමන්ත්‍රණ
2011 මරණ
1942 උපත්

මුවම්මර් ගඩාෆි


Trilijun je broj koji označava milijun bilijuna, odnosno milijun milijuna milijuna. Brojčano se može zapisati kao 1000000000000000000 (jedan s osamnaest nula), odnosno 1 000 000 000 000 000 000, ili u eksponencijalnom prikazu 1018 (10 na 18. potenciju).

Povezani članci
 milijun
 milijarda
 bilijun
 bilijarda

Izvori

Brojevi

Trilijun


Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera, una variedad de Haworthia cooperi, es una  planta suculenta perteneciente a la familia Xanthorrhoeaceae. Es originaria de Sudáfrica.

Descripción
Es una planta suculenta perennifolia alcanza un tamaño de 2 a 30 cm de altura. Se encuentra en Sudáfrica.

Taxonomía
Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera fue descrita por (Baker) M.B.Bayer y publicado en Haworthia Revisited 54, en el año 1999.
Sinonimia
 Catevala pilifera (Baker) Kuntze
 Haworthia cooperi f. pilifera (Baker) Pilbeam
 Haworthia obtusa f. acuminata (Poelln.) Uitewaal
 Haworthia obtusa var. pilifera (Baker) Uitewaal
 Haworthia obtusa var. salina (Poelln.) Uitewaal
 Haworthia obtusa var. stayneri (Poelln.) Uitewaal
 Haworthia pilifera Baker	basónimo
 Haworthia pilifera f. acuminata Poelln.
 Haworthia pilifera var. salina (Poelln.) Poelln.
 Haworthia pilifera var. stayneri (Poelln.) Poelln.
 Haworthia stayneri Poelln.
 Haworthia stayneri var. salina Poelln.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

cooperi var. pilifera

Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera


Barnepigen er en børnefilm fra 1993 instrueret af Niels Gråbøl efter manuskript af Niels Gråbøl og Per Daumiller.

Handling
En sommerdag på stranden. Den lille dreng er med sin store, dejlige barnepige på strandtur. Et par strandløver fører sig frem, men knægten ved skam godt, hvor hans sympati skal lægges. På sin helt egen facon har han nemlig "dame på", og så optræder man pr. instinkt som den gentleman, man er på vej til at blive.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Børnefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1993

Barnepigen


Wales' kvindefodboldlandshold repræsenterer Wales i internationale fodboldturneringer for kvinder. Wales har aldrig kvalificeret sig til slutspillet ved VM eller EM. De er pr. juni 2019 rangeret som nummer 34 i verden og nummer 20 Europa. Holdet styres af Welsh FA.

Resultater

VM i fodbold for kvinder

EM i fodbold for kvinder

Aktuel trup
Følgende 27 spillere blev udtaget til træningslejr den 15. – 20. februar 2021.

Antal kampe og mål er opdateret efter kampen mod  den 27. oktober 2020.

Referencer

Kvindefodboldlandshold
Kvindefodboldlandshold

Wales' kvindefodboldlandshold


خوان مانويل أسينسي  ، من مواليد 23 سبتمبر 1949 ، لاعب كرة قدم إسباني سابق.

لعب مع منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري المكسيكي الممتاز
لاعبو برشلونة
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1980
لاعبو فالينسيانا
لاعبو كأس العالم 1978
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1968
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في المكسيك
لاعبو كرة قدم من لقنت
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا تحت 23 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم للهواة
لاعبو نادي إلتشي
لاعبو نادي بويبلا
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مدربو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
مدربو كرة قدم إسبان
مواليد 1949

خوان مانويل أسينسي


Veliko Gradište (în , în traducere liberă Grădiștea Mare) este un oraș și municipiu în Districtul Braničevo din Serbia. Este situat la 142 kilometri de Turnu Severin, la 254 kilometri de Craiova și la 136 kilometri de Timișoara.

Poziție geografică
Veliko Gradiște este situat în partea de nord-est a Serbiei, la poalele Munților Carpați , nu departe de Porțile de Fier .

Se află pe malul drept al Dunării (care este o graniță naturală cu România ). În imediata vecinătate, la 3 km de centrul orașului , există o faimoasă destinație turistică Lacul de Argint.

Istorie
Tracii și Dacii au trăit în această zonă până în secolul I când Imperiul Roman a cucerit Peninsula Balcanică, atunci când orașul a fost denumit "Pincum", în provincia Moesia Superioară.

Municipalitatea
Comuna Veliko Gradište cuprinde orașul Veliko Gradište și următoarele sate:

 Biskuplje
 Veliko Gradiște
 Garevo
 Desine
 Doljașnița
 Đurakovo
 Zatonje
 Kamijevo
 Kisiljevo
 Kumane
 Kurjače
 Kusiće
 Ljubinje
 Majilovăț
 Makce
 Ostrovo
 Pečanița
 Požeženo
 Popovăț
 Ram
 Sirakovo
 Srednjevo
 Topolovnik
 Tribrode
 Țarevăț
 Češljeva Bara

Demografie
În satul Veliko Gradiște locuiesc 4438 adulți  și vârsta medie este de 38,1 ani (36,7 pentru bărbați și 39,4 pentru femei). Există 1888 gospodării în localitate, iar numărul mediu de membri pe gospodărie este de 3,00.

Grupuri etnice
 Sârbi = 16.291
 Vlahi = 382
 Țigani = 258
 Români = 65

Referințe

Legături externe

 Veliko Gradište official site
 Official site of the NKPJ for Veliko Gradiste

Orașe din Serbia
Localități din Serbia Centrală

Veliko Gradište


Crkva sv. Antuna je rimokatolička crkva u općini Lobor zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Kapela sv. Antuna Padovanskog smještena je u neposrednoj blizini naselja Lobor, na uzvisini, okružena šumom. Malu, jednobrodnu kapelu čine masivan toranj i nešto širi prostor lađe, zaključene ravnim zidom. Pročeljem dominira zvonik koji je u gornjem dijelu, rastvorenom polukružnim prozorom, oktogonalan i pokriven lukovičastom kapom. Kroz toranj se ulazi u križno svođenu kapelu. Kapela se prvi put spominje u vizitaciji iz 1702. g. u kojoj se navodi da ju je dao sagraditi Petar Keglević. Skromna arhitektura ove male kapele zanimljiva je zbog zamjetljivog nesrazmjera ulaznog dijela s plastički vrlo naglašenim zvonikom i jednostavnog broda, lišenog arhitektonskih ukrasa.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2362 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravnog statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Nepokretna pojedinačna kulturna dobra u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Lobor

Crkva sv. Antuna u Loboru


Kering fyrst Établissements Pinault síðan Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR), er frönsk fyrirtækjasamsteypa, sem meðal annars á vörumerkin Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent, Bottega Veneta, Balenciaga, Boucheron og Alexander McQueen. Kering Eyewear (30% í eigu Richemont) framleiðir gleraugu fyrir vörumerki innan og utan fyrirtækjasamsteypunnar.

Frá árinu 2005 hefur François-Henri Pinault stýrt fyrirtækinu sem tók upp heitið Kering árið 2013. KER vísitalan er hluti af CAC 40.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Heimasíða Kering

Fyrirtæki
Framleiðslufyrirtæki
Frönsk fyrirtæki

Kering


Matija Picić, hrvatski katolički svećenik. Kanonik na Rabu u 15. stoljeću.

Ispisao je, potpisao i datirao listove Prve rapske pjesmarice, koju je zapisao 1471. godine.

Franjevac Bernardin Rabljanin i njegov subrat Ludovik Versalić, Šimun Klimantović i kanonik Matija Picić poznati su i izvan rapske sredine. Opravadano ih se smatra pokretačima hrvatske književne misli u ovom dijelu Hrvatske. Picić i Bernardin Rabljanin u razmaku od dvadeset godina zapisali su božićnu pjesmu U sej vrime godišća te ju možemo smatrati rapskom duhovnom i književnom tvorevinom.

Po Matiji Piciću se zove ulica na Rabu.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Crkvena glazba u Hrvatskoj
Hrvatski književnici
Životopisi, Rab

Matija Picić


The Waffle  (officially known as the Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada after 1972) was a radical wing of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It later transformed into an independent political party, with little electoral success before it permanently disbanded in the mid-1970s. It was generally a New Left youth movement that espoused Canadian nationalism and solidarity with Quebec's sovereignty movement.

Formation
The group formed in 1969. Its leaders were university professors Mel Watkins and James Laxer. It issued a Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada and, with support in the NDP caucus and membership, worked to push the party leftward. The Waffle supported the nationalization of Canadian industries to take them out of the hands of American interests. The group was endorsed by the New Democratic Youth. The Waffle manifesto stated, "A socialist society must be one in which there is democratic control of all institutions, which have a major effect on men's lives and where there is equal opportunity for creative non-exploitative self-development. It is now time to go beyond the welfare state." According to the manifesto, "The New Democratic Party must provide leadership in the struggle to extend working men's influence into every area of industrial decision-making.... By bringing men together primarily as buyers and sellers of each other, by enshrining profitability and material gain in place of humanity and spiritual growth, capitalism has always been inherently alienating. Today, sheer size combined with modern technology further exaggerates man's sense of  insignificance and impotence. A socialist transformation of society will return to man his sense of humanity, to replace his sense of being a commodity. But a socialist democracy implies man's control of his immediate environment as well, and in any strategy for building socialism, community democracy is as vital as the struggle for electoral success."

The Waffle developed a Canadian nationalist policy. According to the founding manifesto, "The major threat to Canadian survival today is American control of the Canadian economy. The major issue of our times is not national unity but national survival."

Origins of the Waffle name
The name was meant ironically; one story, quoted in historian Desmond Morton's book The New Democrats, has the name originating during the drafting of the group's manifesto when, at one point, Ed Broadbent said "that if they had to choose between waffling to the left and waffling to the right, they waffle to the left."  "The Waffle Manifesto" was the published headline of Jean Howarth's editorial piece in  The Globe and Mail on September 6, 1969. Howarth heard about the waffle line from Hugh Winsor, who also worked at The Globe and Mail, and was also a co-signer of the manifesto. When Laxer and other members of the group read the headline, they adopted it.

Another possible origin for the name comes from a film-clip excerpt from a CBC documentary on the NDP, taken during a meeting of the group some months prior to the October 1969 NDP Winnipeg convention.  According to the film excerpt, the Waffle term appears to have originated with Jim Laxer when he stated, "in terms of the proposed manifesto, that if it doesn't talk about nationalization of key industries, it becomes a 'waffle document.'"  The term "waffle" was picked up by subsequent speakers in the discussion.

1971 Ottawa leadership convention

The 1971 NDP leadership convention was a battleground between the party establishment and the Waffle. About 2,000 people, out of the NDP's approximately 90,000 membership, were members of the Waffle in 1971. The Waffle tried to get as many of their supporters onto the party's governing bodies, but were rebuked by the large bloc of rank-and-file union voters at the convention.  Carol Gudmundson — of the Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Waffle — ran unsuccessfully for the party presidency.  She was up against former Ontario NDP leader Donald C. MacDonald and lost to him during the April 23rd vote.  University of Toronto professor Mel Watkins lost his vice-president position, but managed to get elected to the party's federal council. The campaign for leader of the NDP pitted David Lewis against James Laxer.  Through the strong support of the labour unions, Lewis succeeded in defeating Laxer on the fourth ballot on April 24. Laxer won approximately 37 percent of the final ballot vote, and established that the Waffle had some strength in the party and were no longer a small fringe group.

The Waffle's demise in Ontario
During the leadership convention, the Waffle was described in the press as a "party within a party." One of the last hurrahs for the Waffle came during the October 1971 Ontario provincial election. The Waffle's Ontario chairman, Steve Penner, was Ontario NDP candidate for MPP from the Dovercourt riding. Despite the public infighting between Penner and Ontario NDP leader Stephen Lewis (son of national NDP leader David Lewis), Penner lost by only 55 votes. The Waffle considered this a success, because in the 1967 election, the NDP candidate lost by over 1,400 votes.

Lewis remained hostile; in 1972 he described the Waffle as "an encumbrance around my neck". Then at the NDP's Provincial Council on 24 June, Lewis obtained a resolution ordering the Waffle to disband or else leave the NDP. Debate on the motion lasted for three hours, with labour leaders leading the charge to expel the Waffle.  Finally, the council approved the anti-Waffle motion 217 to 86, thereby ending months of public feuding.

Independent party: end of the road
Some  members of the Waffle remained New Democrats, but Laxer and Watkins accepted Lewis's ultimatum and quit the NDP in 1972. They continued the Waffle under the name the Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada, but it was still commonly referred to as the Waffle. The group existed until the Canadian federal election in 1974, when it unsuccessfully ran candidates for Parliament in the federal election. Laxer ran in the York West electoral district in Toronto, placing fourth in a field of seven with 673 votes and only 1.26 percent of the popular vote.

Effect on NDP youth movement
The dispute over the Waffle led to the disbanding of the Ontario NDP's youth wing in 1972, which was not revived until 1988. The federal NDP also disbanded the New Brunswick NDP for a period in late 1971 after a local Waffle group gained control of it.

Legacy
Many of its leaders eventually came back into the party and held important positions within it, which also shaped many of the NDP's policies in the 1980s through to the early 21st century.

See also
 New Politics Initiative
 Leap Manifesto
 National Party of Canada (1979)

References and notes

References

External links
 The Waffle Manifesto
 Origins of the International Socialists, an offshoot of the Waffle

Political parties established in 1969
Political movements in Canada
Socialist parties in Canada
Political party factions in Canada
History of the New Democratic Party (Canada)
Democratic socialism
Canadian nationalism
Left-wing nationalist parties
Nationalist parties in Canada
1969 establishments in Canada
1974 disestablishments in Canada
Political parties disestablished in 1974

The Waffle


Goranboy Rayonu (Azerice: Goranboy rayonu), Azerbaycan'da rayon olarak adlandırılan birinci derece idarî bölümlerden birisidir.

Hakkında
Bakü ile uzaklığı 317 km'dir. SSCB dönemlerinde Kasım İsmayilov (Касум-Исмаилов) diye adlandırılmıştır. Azerbaycan'ın bağımsızlığından sonra eski adına dönmüştür.

De facto Dağlık Karabağ Cumhuriyeti, Goranboy Rayonunun güney bölgesini talebinde bulunıp Şaumyan (Ermenice: Շահումյան) İli ile birleştirmeyi planlamaktadır.

Azerbaycan'ın rayonları
Goranboy Rayonu

Goranboy (rayon)


Creed Humphrey (né le  à Shawnee) est un joueur américain de football américain.

Depuis 2021, il évolue au poste de centre dans la franchise des Chiefs de Kansas City, en National Football League (NFL).

Biographie

Carrière universitaire
Étudiant à l'université de l'Oklahoma, il joue avec les Sooners de 2017 à 2020.

Carrière professionnelle
Il est sélectionné à la  par les Chiefs de Kansas City lors de la draft 2021.

Liens externes

Naissance en juin 1999
Naissance à Shawnee (Oklahoma)
Joueur américain de football américain
Centre (football américain)
Joueur de football américain des Sooners de l'Oklahoma
Choix de draft des Chiefs de Kansas City
Joueur des Chiefs de Kansas City
Joueur sélectionné au Pro Bowl
Joueur vainqueur du Super Bowl

Creed Humphrey


Bari: İtalya'da bir şehir.
 SSC Bari: İtalya'da bir futbol kulübü.
 Bâri': İslam'da Allah'ın bir adı.
 Bari, Somali Somali'de bir şehir.

Bari (anlam ayrımı)


An Pennisetum flaccidum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach. An Pennisetum flaccidum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pennisetum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Pennisetum

Pennisetum flaccidum


Galeb klaukavac (latinski: Larus michahellis), vrsta je velikog galeba Europe, Bliskog Istoka i Sjeverne Afrike, koja je tek nedavno postigla široko priznanje kao posebna vrsta. Prije se tretirao kao podvrsta bilo pontskog galeba L. cachinnans, ili šire - kao podvrsta srebrnastog galeba  L. argentatus. Ime vrste je počast njemačkom zoologu Karlu Michahellessu.

Taksonomija
Sada je općeprihvaćeno da je ovaj galeb zasebna vrsta, ali donedavno se bilo mnogo neslaganja oko toga. Na primjer, časopis British Birds razdvojio je ovog galeba od srebrnastog galeba1993. godine, ali je Pontskog galeba uključio u prvog, ali Britanski Ornitološki Savez zadržao je galeba klaukavca kao podvrstu srebrnastog galeba do 2007. Istraživanje DNK, međutim, sugerira da je ovaj galeb zapravo najbliži velikom galebu L. marinus i armenskom galebu L. armenicus, dok je pontski galeb bliži srebrnastom galebu i tamnoleđem galebu  L. fuscus, a ne da su međusobno najbliži rođaci.

Dvije su podvrste galeba klaukavca:

 L. m. michahellis Naumann, 1840 : nominalna podvsta, živi u zapadnoj i južnoj Europi, sjeverozapadnoj Africi i Sredozemlju.
 L. m. atlantis (Dwight, 1922), sin. Larus fuscus atlantis, Dwight, 1922 : živi u Makaroneziji (Kanarski otoci, Madeira, Azori). Ova je podvrsta ponekad poznata i kao Atlantski galeb i potencijalno je zasebna vrsta. Ovdje se obično uključuju i ptice koje se razmnožavaju na atlantskim obalama Maroka, Portugala i Galicije (i šire se od tamo prema sjeveru), ali ponekad se smatraju trećom podvrstom, L. m. lusitanije. Ptice Atlantskog oceana imaju tamnija krila i leđa u usporedbi s mediteranskim pticama, što stvara izraženiji kontrast bijelim dijelovima.

Rasprostranjenost

Raspon uzgoja usredotočen je na Sredozemno more. U sjevernoj Africi uobičajen je u Maroku, Alžiru i Tunisu a mjestimice mubroj raste. Nedavni uzgoj dogodio se u Libiji i Egiptu. Na Bliskom Istoku nekolicina se uzgaja u Izraelu i Siriji, a veći broj na Cipru i u Turskoj. U Europi postoje kolonije duž cijele mediteranske obale, a također i na atlantskim otocima i obalama sjeverno do Bretanje i zapadno do Azora. Također se razmnožava na zapadnoj strani Crnog mora; ovdje se preklapa s ponstkim galebom, ali postoji razlika u staništu, jer galeb klaukavac preferira morske litice, a kaspijski galeb ravnije obale. Posljednjih desetljeća ptice su se širile prema sjeveru, u srednju i zapadnu Europu. Jedan do četiri para pokušali su se razmnožavati u južnoj Engleskoj od 1995. godine (ponekad hibridni parovi s tamnoleđim galebovima), iako je kolonizacija bila vrlo spora.

Mnoge ptice ostaju na istom području tijekom cijele godine, ali druge migriraju kako bi prezimile u blagim područjima zapadne Europe ili krenule prema jugu do Senegala, Gambije i Crvenog mora U kasnom ljetu se širi prema sjeveru, s velikim brojem ptica u južnoj Engleskoj od srpnja do listopada. Prijavljen je kao skitnica na sjeveroistoku Sjeverne Amerike i Nigeriji.

Opis

Galeb klaukavac je veliki galeb, iako se veličina razlikuje, s tim da su najmanje ženke jedva veće od običnog galeba, a najveći mužjaci otprilike veličine velikog galeba. Duljine su od 52 to 68 cm ukupne duljine, od 120 to 155 cm u rasponu krila i od 550 to 1,600 gu težini. Odrasli su izvana slični srebrnastim galebovima ali imaju žute noge. Imaju siva leđa, nešto tamnija od srebrnastih galebova, ali svjetlija od tamnoleđih galebova. U jesen su puno bjelje glave i imaju opsežnije crne vrhove krila s malo bijelih mrlja, jednako kao i manje crna leđa. Na kljunu imaju crvenu mrlju kao odrasli, poput cijelog kompleksa. Oko oka je crveni prsten kao u tamnoleđeg galeba, ali za razliku od srebrnastog galeba koji ima tamno žuti prsten.

Ptice prve godine imaju bljedu glavu, zadnjicu i donji dio od onih srebrnastog galeba, sličnije jednogodišnjim velikim galebovima u perju. Imaju tamni kljun i oči, ružičasto sive noge, tamno letačko perje i dobro definiranu crnu traku na repu. Postaju lakši u donjem dijelu i naknadno gube uzorak gornjeg dijela. Do druge zime, ptice su u osnovi pernate poput odraslih, osim uzoraka perja koji su ostali na pokrivačima krila. Međutim, vrhovi klljuna su im crni, oči su i dalje tamne, a noge svijetložute boje mesa.

Glasanje im je glasan smijeh koji je dublji i nazalniji od glasanja srebrnastog galeba.

Prehrana

Kao i većina Larus galebova, oni su svejedi i oportunisti. Strvinarit će se na vrhovima smeća i drugdje, i tražiti prikladan plijen na poljima ili na obali, ili pljačkati manji ulov galebova i drugih morskih ptica. Iako su urbane populacije uglavnom oportunistički stvrinari, po potrebi mogu prijeći na predatorsku prehranu; to je uočeno tijekom zatvaranja Italije tijekom pandemije COVID-19 tijekom 2020. godine, kada je nedostatak ostataka hrane nataknuo rimske galebove klaukovce na lov na velik plijen poput štakora i golubova pećinara.

Razmnožavanje

Galebovi klaukovci obično se razmnožavaju u kolonijama. Jaja, obično tri, polažu se od sredine ožujka do početka svibnja. Gnijezdo je ponekad rijetka gomila vegetacije sagrađena na tlu ili na liticama litica. Ponegdje, poput Gibraltara, počeli su se gnijezditi na zgradama, pa čak i na drveću. Jaja se inkubiraju 27–31 dan, a mlade ptice lete nakon 35–40 dana.

Na jugu Hrvatske, na Cavtatskim otocima, gdje se gnijezdi oko 2000 parova ove vrste, osnovan je 1975. godine posebni ornitološki rezervat Otoci Mrkan, Bobara i Supetar.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Mediterranean Yellow-legged Gull - Larus michahellis, Svetla Dalakchieva

Galeb

Galeb klaukavac


Le HMS Sjöhästen est le cinquième et dernier navire de la classe Sjöormen de sous-marins suédois, nom du projet A11.

Développement
La planification de la classe comprenait un certain nombre de solutions AIP différentes, y compris la propulsion nucléaire, mais les navires ont finalement été achevés avec des batteries extrêmement grandes pour l'époque. Le navire était un sous-marin à simple coque, avec une forme de coque influencée par le sous-marin expérimental américain . La coque était recouverte de tuiles de caoutchouc pour réduire la signature acoustique (tuiles anéchoïques), ce qui était à cette époque une technologie pionnière. La classe Sjöormen a également été pionnière dans l'utilisation d'un gouvernail en forme de croix de saint André (par opposition à un gouvernail en forme de croix grecque) comme caractéristique standard (par opposition à un sous-marin expérimental).

Service en Suède
Le Parlement suédois a décidé de l'acquisition du navire en 1961. Le navire a été commandé au chantier naval de Karlskronavarvet et sa quille a été posée en 1966. Le navire a été lancé le  et a rejoint la flotte suédoise le .

Le sous-marin a servi dans la Marine royale suédoise pendant près de  et a ensuite été vendu à Singapour en 1997 avec ses quatre sister-ships.

Service à Singapour
Le HMS Sjöhästen a été vendu en 1997 à Kockums puis revendu à Singapour le . Il n'a jamais été remis en service mais a été utilisé pour les pièces de rechange pour d'autres navires de la classe.

Galerie

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .
 .

Liens externes
  : photos du HMS Sjöhästen.

Articles connexes
 Liste des sous-marins de la Suède

Sous-marin de la Marine royale suédoise
Sous-marin d'attaque conventionnel
Bateau lancé en 1968
Nom de bateau
Navire construit en Suède

HMS Sjöhästen (1968)


La fosse crânienne antérieure ou étage antérieur de la base du crâne est une dépression dans le plancher de la base crânienne qui abrite les lobes frontaux du cerveau.

Elle est formée par le plafond orbital de l'os frontal, la lame criblée de l'ethmoïde, les petites ailes et la partie antérieure du corps du sphénoïde.

Elle est limitée en arrière par les bords postérieurs des petites ailes du sphénoïde et par le bord antérieur du sillon chiasmatique. Les petites ailes du sphénoïde la séparent de la fosse crânienne moyenne.

Description

La fosse crânienne antérieure est traversée par les sutures fronto-ethmoïdale, sphéno-ethmoïdale et sphéno-frontale.

Ses parties latérales forment le plafond des cavités orbitaires et soutiennent les lobes frontaux du cerveau. Elles sont convexes et marquées par les circonvolutions cérébrales et les branches des vaisseaux méningés.

La partie centrale forme le toit de la cavité nasale et est nettement déprimée de part et d'autre de la crista galli.

Elle présente près de la ligne médiane et d'avant en arrière :

 le début de la crête frontale où s'attache la faux du cerveau ;
 le foramen caecum, entre l'os frontal et la crista galli dans lequel passe généralement une petite veine de la cavité nasale vers le sinus sagittal supérieur ;
 la crista galli, dont la marge libre permet l'attache de la faux du cerveau ;
 de chaque côté de la crista galli, le sillon olfactif formé par la lame criblée de l'ethmoïde, qui supporte le bulbe olfactif et présente des foramens pour la transmission des nerfs olfactifs, et devant une ouverture en forme de fente pour le nerf naso-ciliaire ;
 latéralement au sillon olfactif se trouvent les foramens ethmoïdaux :
 le foramen ethmoïdal antérieur situé vers le milieu du bord latéral du sillon olfactif, c'est le passage des vaisseaux ethmoïdaux antérieurs et du nerf naso-ciliaire.
 le foramen ethmoïdal postérieur situé à l'arrière du bord latéral du sillon olfactif permet le passage des vaisseaux ethmoïdaux postérieurs et du nerf ethmoïdal postérieur.
 le processus ethmoïdal du cornet nasal inférieur plus en arrière délimité en arrière par une élévation séparant deux sillons longitudinaux supportant les bulbes olfactifs.

Médialement à l'arrière de la fosse crânienne antérieure et dans la fosse crânienne moyenne se trouve le sillon du chiasma optique et les canaux optiques.

Contenu
La fosse crânienne antérieure contient  :

 le lobe frontal du cortex cérébral,
 le bulbe olfactif,
 le tractus olfactif,
 les gyri orbitaires.

Ouvertures
La fosse crânienne antérieure communique avec :

 les orbites via le foramen ethmoïdal antérieur,
 la cavité nasale via la lame criblée de l'ethmoïde.

Galerie

Voir aussi
 Fosse crânienne moyenne
 Fosse crânienne postérieure

Notes et références

Crâne

Fosse crânienne antérieure


Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (;  ; 4 February 1922 – 24 January 2011), also known by the honorific prefix Pandit, was one of the greatest Indian vocalists from Karnataka, in the Hindustani classical tradition. He is known for the khayal form of singing, as well as for his popular renditions of devotional music (bhajans and abhangs). Joshi belongs to the Kirana gharana tradition of Hindustani Classical Music. He is noted for his concerts, and between 1964 and 1982 Joshi toured Afghanistan, Italy, France, Canada and USA. He was the first musician from India whose concerts were advertised through posters in New York City. Joshi was instrumental in organising the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival annually, as homage to his guru, Sawai Gandharva.

In 1998, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama. Subsequently, he received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, in 2009.

Early life
Bhimsen Joshi was born on 4 February 1922 in a Kannada Deshastha Madhva Brahmin family to Gururajrao Joshi and Godavaribai at Gadag in Dharwad district that was then in the Bombay Presidency of British India. His father, Gururaj Joshi, was a school teacher. Bhimsen was the eldest among 16 siblings. He lost his mother at a young age.

As a child, Joshi was fascinated with music and musical instruments like the harmonium and tanpura and would often follow processions accompanied by music bands. This exercise often tired him and he would curl up somewhere and sleep, forcing his parents to go to the police after efforts to trace him failed. Fed up, his father Gururajacharya Joshi came up with the solution, writing "son of teacher Joshi" on Joshi's shirts. This worked and those who found the boy sleeping would safely deposit him back to his house.

Musical training

His first music teacher was Channappa of Kurtakoti, who had trained with the veteran singer Inayat Khan. After learning Ragas Bhairav and Bhimpalasi, the one and only unique vigorous style of rendering he developed along with advanced trainings by other teachers is attributed to the basic training he received from Channappa.

Searching for a guru

Joshi heard a recording of Abdul Karim Khan's Thumri "Piya Bin Nahi Aavat Chain" in Raga Jhinjhoti when he was a child, which inspired him to become a musician. During this time, he also heard Pandit Sawai Gandharva at a performance in Kundgol. In 1933, the 11-year-old Joshi left Dharwad for Bijapur to find a master and learn music. With the help of money lent by his co-passengers in the train, Joshi reached Dharwad first and later went to Pune. Later he moved to Gwalior and got into Madhava Music School, a school run by Maharajas of Gwalior, with the help of famous sarod player Hafiz Ali Khan. He traveled for three years around North India, including in Delhi, Kolkata, Gwalior, Lucknow and Rampur, trying to find a good guru. He met Ustad Mushtaq Husain Khan of Rampur Gharana and stayed for more than one year. Eventually, his father succeeded in tracking him down in Jalandhar and brought young Joshi back home.

Sawai Gandharva

In 1936, Sawai Gandharva, a native of Dharwad, agreed to be his guru. Joshi stayed at his house in the guru-shishya (teacher-student) tradition.  Joshi continued his training with Sawai Gandharva.

Career

Joshi first performed live in 1941 at the age of 19. His debut album, containing a few devotional songs in Marathi and Hindi, was released by HMV the next year in 1942. Later Joshi moved to Mumbai in 1943 and worked as a radio artist. His performance at a concert in 1946 to celebrate his guru Sawai Gandharva's 60th birthday won him accolades both from the audience and his guru. In 1984, he received his 1st Platinum Disc, being the first Hindustani Vocalist to receive the award.

Hindustani classical music

Joshi's performances have been acknowledged by music critics such as S. N. Chandrashekhar of the Deccan Herald to be marked by spontaneity, accurate notes, dizzyingly-paced taans which make use of his exceptional voice training, and a mastery over rhythm. In his especially mid singing career (i.e. the 60s & 70s) Joshi's most iconic and noticeable trait was his use of swift and long aakar taans, exemplifying tremendous and almost unrivalled breath-control, although he rarely used sargam taans. The Hindu, in an article written after he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, said: Bhimsen Joshi was ever the wanderer, engendering brilliant phrases and tans more intuitively than through deliberation. Joshi occasionally employed the use of sargam and tihai, and often sang traditional compositions of the . His music often injected surprising and sudden turns of phrase, for example through the unexpected use of boltaans. Over the years, his repertoire tended to favour a relatively small number of complex and serious ragas; however, he remained one of the most prolific exponents of Hindustani classical music. Some of Joshi's more popular ragas include Shuddha Kalyan, Miyan Ki Todi, Puriya Dhanashri, Multani, Bhimpalasi, Darbari, Malkauns, Abhogi, Lalit, Yaman, Asavari Todi, Miyan ki malhar and Ramkali. He was a purist who has not dabbled in experimental forms of music, except for a series of Jugalbandi recordings with the Carnatic singer M. Balamuralikrishna.

Joshi's singing has been influenced by many musicians, including Smt. Kesarbai Kerkar, Begum Akhtar and as aforementioned, Ustad Amir Khan. Joshi assimilated into his own singing various elements that he liked in different musical styles and Gharanas.
He along with Smt. Gangubai Hangal along with others took Kirana gharana to heights and are proudly referred as worthy son and daughter of kirana gharana. Both were from Old Dharwad district.

Pandit Purshottam Walawalkar used to accompany Pandit Bhimsen Joshi on the harmonium. Also Pandit Tulsidas Borkar used to accompany Panditji on the harmonium.

Devotional music

In devotional music, Joshi was most acclaimed for his Hindi and Marathi and Kannada Bhajan singing. He has recorded bhakti songs in Marathi,Santavani, Kannada Dasavani. ..

Patriotic music

Joshi was widely recognised in India due to his performance in the Mile Sur Mera Tumhara music video (1988), which begins with him and which was composed originally by him when he was asked to do so by the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The video was created for the purpose of national integration in India, and highlights the diversity of Indian culture. Joshi was also a part of Jana Gana Mana produced by A. R. Rahman on the occasion of the 50th year of Indian Republic.

Playback singing

Joshi sang for several films, including Basant Bahar (1956) with Manna Dey, in Marathi movie "Swayamvar zale Siteche" (1964) for famous song "Ramya Hi Swargahun lanka", in Kannada movie Sandhya Raga (1966) where he has sung extensively. It includes a song "e pariya sobagu" rendered in both Hindustani and Carnatic () styles along with M. Balamuralikrishna. He sang Birbal My Brother (1973) with Pandit Jasraj. He also sang for the Bengali film Tansen (1958) and Bollywood Movie Ankahee (1985) which later fetched him National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer. His song 'Bhagyadalakshmi baaramma', a Purandara Dasa composition, was used by Anant Nag and Shankar Nag in the Kannada film Nodi Swami Naavu Irodhu Heege. He also sang as a playback singer for the Marathi film Gulacha Ganapati, produced and directed by P. L. Deshpande

Sawai Gandharva Music Festival

Joshi and his friend Nanasaheb Deshpande organised the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival as a homage to his guru, Sawai Gandharva, along with the Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal in 1953, marking Gandharva's first death anniversary. The festival has been held ever since, typically on the second weekend of December in Pune, Maharashtra also in kundagol Dharwad district and has become not only a cultural event for the city, but an annual pilgrimage for Hindustani Classical music lovers all over the world. Joshi conducted the festival annually since 1953, until his retirement in 2002.

Legacy
A classicist by training and temperament, Joshi was renowned for having evolved an approach that sought to achieve a balance between what may be termed as "traditional values and mass-culture tastes" and as such he went on to have supposedly the largest commercially recorded repertoire in Hindustani vocal music. Pt. Joshi's iconic status in the music world has earned him a whole generation of  who by merely listening to him have picked up his style and not through any formal tutelage.
His greatest endeavour in perpetuating his legacy could be the Sawai Gandharva Festival held at Pune annually since the year 1953 which seeks to promote a certain music culture.

Madhav Gudi, Prof Baldev Singh Bali, Narayan Deshpande, Shrikant Deshpande, Shrinivas Joshi, Anand Bhate and others are some of his more well-known disciples.

In September 2014, a postage stamp  featuring Joshi was released by India Post commemorating his contributions to Hindustani music.

Personal life

Joshi married twice. His first wife was Sunanda Katti, the daughter of his maternal uncle, whom he married in 1944. He had four children from Sunanda; Raghavendra, Usha, Sumangala, and Anand. In 1951, he married Vatsala Mudholkar, his co-actor in the Kannada play Bhagya-Shree. Bigamous marriages among Hindus were prohibited by law in the Bombay Presidency; so he took up residency in Nagpur (capital of Central Province and Berar in 1951) where bigamy was allowed and married there for the second time. He did not divorce or separate from Sunanda. With Vatsala, he had three children; Jayant, Shubhada, and Shrinivas Joshi. Initially, both his wives and families lived together, but when this did not work out, his first wife moved out with the family to live in a house in Limayewadi in Sadashiv Peth, Pune, where Joshi continued to visit them.

Joshi struggled with alcoholism, which he overcame by the late 1970s.

Outside of music, Joshi was passionate about cars and had a deep knowledge of auto mechanics.

Death
Joshi was admitted to Sahyadri Super Speciality Hospital on 31 December 2010 with gastrointestinal bleeding and bilateral pneumonia. Due to difficulty in breathing, he was put on ventilator support. He suffered convulsions and was put on dialysis too during his stay in hospital. Though he recovered briefly for three days when he was taken off the ventilator, his condition deteriorated thereafter. He died on 24 January 2011 . He was cremated at Vaikunth Crematorium in Pune with full state honours.

Discography

Awards and recognitions

 1972 – Padma Shri
 1976 – Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
 1985 – Padma Bhushan
 1985 – National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer
 1986 – "First platinum disc"
 1999 – Padma Vibhushan
 2000 – "Aditya Vikram Birla Kalashikhar Puraskar"
 2002 – Maharashtra Bhushan
 2003 – "Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram" by Government of Kerala
 2005 – Karnataka Ratna
 2009 – Bharat Ratna
 2008 – "Swami Haridas Award"
 2009 – "Lifetime achievement award" by Delhi government
 2010 – "S V Narayanaswamy Rao National Award" by Rama Seva Mandali, Bangalore
 2017 – Bharatratna Pandit Bhimsen Joshi Hospital By Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation, Bhayander West

References

Further reading

 Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, a biography by Dr Sadanand Kanavalli in Kannada

External links

Bhimsen Joshi at Encyclopædia Britannica
Bhimsen Joshi at The Economist
 Bhimsen Joshi Picture Album
 Bhimsen Joshi: List of Classical Vocal Recordings
 A films division documentary on Bhimsen Joshi
 A blog on recitals of Bhimsen Joshi

Recipients of the Bharat Ratna
Hindustani singers
20th-century Khyal singers
Singers from Karnataka
Kannada people
Indian Hindus
Recipients of the Karnataka Ratna
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
People from Gadag district
Recipients of the Maharashtra Bhushan Award
Marathi-language singers
Marathi playback singers
1922 births
2011 deaths
Kirana gharana
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Best Male Playback Singer National Film Award winners

Bhimsen Joshi


Bernd Rosemeyer (Lingen, Drugo Njemačko Carstvo, 14. listopada 1909. - autocesta Frankfurt-Darmstadt, Treće Njemačko Carstvo, 28. siječnja 1938.) je bio njemački vozač motociklističkih i automobilističkih utrka.

Njegova je karijera, kao i mnogih drugih vozača toga razdoblja, započela na motociklima. Natjecao se u raznim lokalnim utrkama, uključujući i brdske utrke. Ubrzo nakon toga, postao je član Auto Uniona, bez imalo iskustva u trkaćim automobilima.

Godine 1935. započeo je natjecanje u Europskom automobilističkom prvenstvu za momčad Auto Union, gdje su mu momčadski kolege bili Hans Stuck i Achille Varzi. Na Velikoj nagradi Švicarske na Bremgartenu osvojio je jedino postolje te sezone, iza dva vozača Mercedes-Benza, Rudolfa Caracciole i Luigija Fagiolija. S osvojenih 25 bodova, osvojio je peto mjesto u konačnom poretku vozača. Iste godine pobijedio je na Velikoj nagradi Čehoslovačke, utrci koja se nije bodovala za prvenstvo. Sljedeće 1936. pobijedio je na Velikim nagradama u Njemačkoj, Švicarskoj i Italiji, te s deset bodova osvojio naslov prvaka. Pobijedio je i na dvije utrke koje se nisu bodovale za prvenstvo, na utrci Eifelrennen na Nürburgringu i na utrci Coppa Acerbo na stazi Pescara. Godine 1937. osvojio je dva postolja u Njemačkoj i Italiji, te s 28 bodova osvojio sedmo mjesto u konačnom poretku vozača. Iste godine pobijedio je opet na utrkama Eifelrennen i Coppa Acerbo, te na utrkama Vanderbilt Cup na stazi	Roosevelt Raceway i Velikoj nagradi Doningtona na istoimenoj stazi.

Poginuo je 28. siječnja 1938. tijekom pokušaja obaranja rekorda kopnene brzine na redovnoj prometnoj ruti na autocesti između Frankfurta i Darmstadta.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Bernd Rosemeyer - Driver Database
Bernd Rosemeyer - Racing reference

Njemački automobilisti

Bernd Rosemeyer


Agrilus alboluteus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti, 1995.

Referências

alboluteus

Agrilus alboluteus


سلام الراسي (1911 - نيسان 2003) هو أديب لبناني، ولد في قرية إبل السقي من قضاء مرجعيون في محافظة النبطية. ويلقبه أهل الجنوب بـ«أبي علي». وهو أحد من أعمدة التراث الحكائي وتراث الأمثال والفلكلور وكل ما يخص التجربة الشعبية اللبنانية وتجربة المنطقة اللبنانيّة الريفية الجنوبية بشكل عام. وقد عُرِف سلام الرّاسي بلقب «شيخ الأدب الشّعبي» وتمتاز كتاباته بسلاسة الأسلوب وقدرة المزج ما بين اللغة الفصحى والمحكيّة. كما تجدر الإشارة إلى انّه قدّم العديد من الحلقات التليفيزيونية على تلفزيون لبنان في مطلع التسيعنيات.

السيرة الذاتية

ولد «أبو علي» سلام الراسي في 25 كانون الأول 1911، في بلدة إبل السقي، جنوب لبنان، أخاً لثلاثة عشر ولداً. وبكلماته هو . نشأ في بيت مفتوح لأب هو رجل علم ودين، يواكيم الراسي، الذي تعلم في مدرسة المرسلين في عبيه، ثم أنشأ مدرسة الفنون في صيدا، وبقي مديراً لها منذ 1880 – 1896، وهي التي عرفت فيما بعد بالمدرسة الانجيلية أو شعبياً «بالأميركان» عاد بعدها إلى إبل السقي حيث توفي عام 1917، وكانت له مكتبة عامرة موصوفة وذلك نادر في ذلك الزمن. والدته راحيل حنوش التي كانت تسعى لتعليمه تعليماً دينياً، إلا أنها لم توفق. شقيقه سامي الراسي، هاجر إلى البرازيل حيث أسّس جريدة «الجالية» في ساوباولو. شقيقه الآخر، منح الراسي، كان مديراً لتحرير جريدة الايسترن تايمز في بيروت التي كانت تصدر بالإنكليزية. زوجته الأديبة إميلي الراسي، لها ثلاث كتب ولهما ثلاث أولاد.

تلقى علومة الابتدائية في مدرسة الضيعة، التي بقيت مرتبطة به وهو بها، ثم انتقل للدراسة الثانوية في مدرسة سليم قربان في مرجعيون التي عاد إليها معلماً لفترة وجيزة. انتقل إلى بيروت مع والدته سنة 1925 حين اندلعت الثورة السورية، حيث سكن إلى رأس بيروت كما سكنت إليه، والتحق الجامعة الاميركية لفترة وجيزة عاد بعدها إلى ابل السقي.

هذه النشأة والبيئة والظروف العامة التي أحاطت بالربع الأول من القرن العشرين كان لها أثر عميق في طبع سلام الراسي بطابعها، فهو ابن الضيعة والجنوب والمثقف ابن المدينة في حين واحد، ولد أيام العثمانيين وترعرع في ظل الاستعمارين الإنكليزي والفرنسي لفلسطين ولبنان وسوريا، ثم شب مع الرعيل الأول من الاستقلاليين والوطنيين المناهضين للاستعمار المنادين بالحرية والخبز والعدالة. يقول:
. كان من الرعيل الأول من الاشتراكيين فهو شارك في تأسيس الحزب الاشتراكي عام 37 مع إميل قشعمي وفؤاد جرداق وفاضل سعيد عقل وكثر آخرون، إلا أن تلك التجربة لم تعمّر، فما لبث أن انضمّ إلى فرج الله الحلو في الحزب الشيوعي واستمرّ فيه حتى العام 1948 حين غادره. عيّنه الوزير اميل بستاني موظفاً في مصلحة التعمير سنة 1956 بعد الزلزال، وبقي في وظائف الدولة حتى تقاعد سنة 1975. وكان من ضمن المساهمين بتأسيس مجلة الحداثة اللبنانية مع رئيس تحريرها وصاحبها فرحان صالح في العام 1994، وبقي يكتب فيها لحين وفاته.

 توفي في 19 نيسان سنة 2003، عن 92 عاما ودفن في بيروت.

أعماله
كتب الشعر والزجل شاباً ثم تحول إلى جمع المأثور الشعبي ومجمل أصناف الأدب القروي، ألّف عدداً من القصص والروايات حتى زادت عن سبعة عشر كتاباً، سمّي بسببها «شيخ الأدب الشعبي» ونال عن ذلك عدداً من الأوسمة والتكريمات تليق به وبمقامه.

نشر أول كتبه «لئلا تضيع» سنة 1971 حين كان عمره 60 عاماً، وبقي يكتب وينشر حتى التسعين. كما شارك في العديد من البرامج التلفزيونية وبث برنامجه الشهير «الادب الشعبي في لبنان» عدة مرات.

أوسمته
منح وسام التقدير من رئيس الجمهورية، ووسام الأرز من وزير الثقافة، ووساماً رفيعاً من دولة البرازيل عن أعماله الأدبية، وكرّم عدداً من المرات، ولكن لعل التكريم الأكبر كان في عامود داخلي صغير لإحدى الصحف عنوانه: «أهالي إبل السقي يدعون سلام الراسي للعودة إلى منزله»، والعادة في بلادنا عكس ذلك، فكان بذلك اعتراف بسمو الادب والاديب عن الضيق المناطقي والمحلي واحتلاله هو لبقعته هو في نفوس الناس والوطن والادب ألاعم والاشمل.

أسلوبه الأدبي
هو خلطة خاصة به، وباقة شهية من الحكايات نقل منها عن المألوف والمتوارث واجترح بعضها في احيان أخرى كي يوصل فكرة إلى منتهاها، وهو صعود بمرتبة ودور الحكواتي وتقريب دور المؤرخ إلى الرواية، هو وعاء نجح في قولبته وتشكيله كي يتسع لتعايش الفصحى مع العامية وأداة هدفها تقريب الادب للناس وتأريخ مفاصل تاريخية في حكايات حافظة لها وفي النهاية تقريب الناس للناس وليس تغريبهم وتعجيزهم. كتب عن القرية فاصبح الوطن كله قريته.

يقول عباس بيضون عن ادبه: " مؤلفات الراسي حمل معظمها في عناوينه مأثورات شعبية "في الزوايا خبايا"، "حكي قرايا وحكي سرايا"، "أحسن أيامك سماع كلامك".. في عناوينها كما في بطونها افتتان بالكلام والتعبير. لم يهتم الراسي بالأعياد والأعراف والتقاليد اهتمامه بالاقتدار الريفي على اجتراح الكلام في أوزن عبارة وأكثفها وأنفذها وأغناها إيقاعا. هذا اختيار شاعر أكثر منه اختيار مؤرخ ودارس. إنه حفظ لغة واستدراك أكثر تجلياتها شعرية وفصاحة.

في عمل الراسي تعبّد للغة لا نعرف أحداً سبقه إليه. صنع من كلام غيره قلائد لولاه لما بقيت، فهو في المدى المستقبلي ناظمها وصاحبها وكأنها بنت خياله. يقوم هنا القارئ والمختار مقام المبدع وقد كان الراسي في اختياره مبدعاً. شاء الراسي أحياناً أن يطابق مأثوراته على هواجس الحاضر. هذا عمل للتبسيط والتعليم أقرب ولسنا نعرف كم أصاب منه وكم أخطأ، وهو إن دل على شيء فعلى أن بحث الراسي منحه قبل علمه مشيخة مبكرة وميلاً للتعليم. لم يجمع الرجل ثمرات الماضي والحاضر لولا حدس فات معاصريه ممن جعلوا "التقدم" حالاً من أحوال النسيان. "

من أشهر أقواله

مؤلفاته
	لئلا تضيع 1971
	في الزوايا خبايا 1974
	حكي قرايا وحكي سرايا 1976
	شيح بريح 1978
	الناس بالناس 1980
	حيص بيص 1983
	الحبل على الجرار 1988
	جود من الموجود 1991
	ثمانون 1993
	القيل والقال 1994
	قال المثل 1995
	الناس أجناس 1995
	أقعد أعوج وإحكي جالس 1996
	من كل وادي عصا 1998
	السيرة والمسيرة 1998
	ياجبل ما يهزك ريح 2000
	أحسن أيامك، سماع كلامك 2001
	حكايات أدبية من الذاكرة الشعبية 2002

وصلات خارجية

 سلام الراسي … شيخ الأدب الشعبي
 سلام الراسي
 سلام الراسي - من كل وادي عصا

مراجع

 د.شفيق البقاعي، عصام حوراني، سلام الراسي: سيرة ذاتية،

شعراء وأدباء جبل عامل
مواليد 1911
وفيات 2003
أشخاص من جنوب لبنان
أشخاص من قضاء مرجعيون

سلام الراسي


Dolná Lehota este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Brezno din regiunea Banská Bystrica, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 732 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Dolná Lehota este atestată documentar din 1358.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Dolná Lehota


Alexandra este un film românesc de scurtmetraj din 2007 regizat de Radu Jude. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Serban Pavlu, Oana Ioachim și Mimi Brănescu.

Prezentare

Un bărbat descoperă că fiica sa de 5 ani nu-i mai zice tată.

Distribuție

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2007 în film

Filme din 2007
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme regizate de Radu Jude
Premiul Gopo pentru cel mai bun scurt metraj
Filme HiFilm Productions
Filme românești de scurt metraj

Alexandra (film)


"The Weight of the World" (ya da Türkçe adıyla Dünyanın Yükü), The WB kanalında yayınlanan, Joss Whedon tarafından oluşturulan bir fantastik dizi olan Buffy the Vampire Slayer televizyon dizisinin beşinci sezonunun yirmi birinci bölümü.

Özet

Willow, Dawn'un kaçırılmasıyla katatonik bir hâl alan avcının zihnine girerek ona ulaşmaya çalışır.

Genişletilmiş anlatım

Glory, yapacağı karanlık ritüel için hazırlıklar yapmaktadır. Spike'sa Glory'yi her yerde arar fakat bulamaz. Geri döndüğünde Scooby Gang'in bir problemi daha vardır; Buffy katatonik hâle geçmiştir. Spike güç kullanarak onu eski hâline döndürmeye çalışır fakat başarılı olamaz. Buffy'ye zarar vereceğini düşünen Xander ile kavga etmekten ileriye de gidemez. Olup bitene sinirlenen Willow, "Ayrılın!" diyerek onları büyüyle iki ayrı duvara fırlatır ve bir plan yapmaları gerektiğini söyler. Spike da Glory ve Ben'in aynı bedende olduklarını söyler. Scooby Gang'den kimse böyle bir şey hatırlamaz. Spike bunun Glory'nin yaptığı bir büyü üzerine insanların vücut değişimi sırasında olanları hatırlamadığını anlatır. Kendisi vampir olduğu için büyüden etkilenmemiştir.

Glory ise Dawn'un yanında yavaş yavaş kendini kaybeder ve suçluluk duygusu hissetmeye başlar. Bu, Ben'in vücudunu da kullanmasının bir yan etkisidir. İnsanlara özgü hisler onun zihnini karıştırmaya başlamıştır. Anya, evde Tara'ya bakarken Willow da Buffy'nin zihnine girmesini sağlayacak büyü için gerekli malzemeleri hazırlar. Büyü işe yarar ve Willow kendini beş yaşındaki Buffy ile konuşurken bulur. Willow, Buffy'nin anne ve babasının Dawn'u eve getirdiklerinde yaşadıklarına tanık olur. Hastanede Giles'ın tedavisi bitmişken, Xander ona Willow'un planını anlatır. Spike da biraz daha inceleme yapmak için Glory'nin evine gider. Glory de Dawn'un onun Ben'in bedenine büründüğünü hatırladığının farkına varır. Büyüsü git gide zayıflamaktadır, Ben'le aralarındaki engeller de öyle. Bu andan sonra Ben Glory'yi bedeninden çıkarabilmeye başlar. Dawn, karşısında durmadan bir Ben, bir Glory'ye dönüşen bir yaratıkladır.

Willow, Buffy'nin zihninde, önce Magic Box'taki anıyı görür. Daha sonra birden Buffy'nin çölde İlk Avcıyla karşılaştığı ana giderler. Willow İlk Avcıyı tanır ve ona tuhaf şeyler söylemeye başlar; "Hey! Seni tanıdım. Bizi rüyalarımızda öldürmeye çalışan ilk avcısın". Senaya'dan cevap gelmeyince Willow konuşmayı sürdürmek ister; "Nasılsın?!". Fakat yine cevap gelmez. Onun yerine, İlk Avcı, Buffy'ye "ölümün onun ödülü olduğunu" söyler. Glory, Dawn'u kaçırdığı yerde tanrı olduğunu, insanlardan onu yenebilecek kimsenin çıkamayacağını söyler. Ve Dawn'dan onu yenebilecek birini söylemesini ister. Dawn da korksuzca "Buffy!" diye cevap verir. Glory ise bu cevaba çok bozulur. Yine Buffy'nin zihninde, Buffy ölümün ödülü olduğunu kabullenir ve Dawn'u yastıkla boğar. Willow aynı sahnenin pek çok kez yaşandığına tanık olur. Bebek Dawn'un eve gelişi, Buffy'nin kitaplığa bir kitap koyuşu ve sonunda Dawn'u öldürüşü...

Spike ve Xander da Glory'yi yenmek hakkında biraz daha bilgi toplamak amacıyla Doc'u ziyaret ederler. Ama Doc'un diğer taraftan olduğunu anlamaları uzun sürmez. Bir şeyler sakladığını anladıklarında Doc süper hızıyla ve inanılmaz uzun diliyle onları bir süre oyalayıp elindeki kutuyu şömineye atar. Spike yanmadan kutuyu şömineden çıkarırken Xander da bir kılıcı Doc'a saplar. Ne bulduklarını bilmiyorlardır, ama uğrunda ölünecek bir şey olduğunu düşünürer. Kapıdan çıktıklarında, Doc tekrar gözlerini açar; ölmemiştir.

Buffy Dawn'u bir kez daha öldürmeden önce Willow onu durdurur ve "Neden?" diye sorar. Bu sırada Ben'le beraber kaçmakta olan Dawn, Ben'in kafasına bir zincirle vurup onu bayıltır. Fakat Ben'in vücudunu ele geçiren Glory'nin ayılması uzun sürmez. Glory, Ben'i bir seçim yapmak mecburiyetinde bırakır. Ben de, kontrolü tekrar el geçirdiğinde, Dawn'u Glory'nin adamlarına teslim eder.

Bu sırada Buffy'nin zihninde, Buffy Willow'a Glory Dawn'u aldığında yapacak bir şeyi olduğunu, fakat yapmayarak Dawn'u öldürdüğünü düşündüğünü söyler. Willow da ona kız kardeşinin hâlâ ölmediğini, ama biraz daha bir şey yapmazsa çok yakında öleceğini söyler. Sonra "Ben gidiyorum" der Buffy'e. Buffy ona sorar: "Nereye?" Willow: "Sana ihtiyacı olunan yere." der ona. "Geliyor musun?"

Bu son cümleyle Buffy uyanır ve ağlamaya başlar. Willow'la beraber tekrar Magic Box'a döndüklerinde Xander Glory ile Ben'in bedenlerinin ortak olduğunu, Spike da Doc'tan bir kutu çaldıklarını söyler. Fakat en önemli bilgi Giles'tan gelir. Dawn'un kanıyla yapılacak ritüel, bütün boyutları birbirine karıştıracak, Glory'nin hâkimi olduğu cehennem boyutunun dünyaya akmasını sağlayacaktır. Durdurmanın ise tek bir yolu olduğunu söyler Giles: Dawn'u öldürmek.

Bölüm başlığının çevirileri
 İtalyanca: "Peso del mondo" ("Dünyanın yükü")
 Almanca: "Die Last der Welt" ("Dünyanın yükü")
 Fransızca: "Sans espoir" ("Umut olmadan")

Dış bağlantılar

Buffy the Vampire Slayer (sezon 5) bölümleri
2001 televizyon bölümleri
Kurguda telepati

The Weight of the World


Aureliano in Palmira (título original en italiano; en español, Aureliano en Palmira) es un dramma serio operístico en dos actos con música de Gioachino Rossini y libreto en italiano cuyo autor aparece sólo con las iniciales "G. F. R." Se estrenó en La Scala de Milán el 26 de diciembre de 1813.

El libreto se ha atribuido usualmente a Giuseppe Felice Romani, pero a veces a otra persona, por lo demás desconocida, Gian Francesco Romanelli. Se ha sugerido que el último nombre puede haber sido una confusión de Romani con Luigi Romanelli, el poeta del teatro de La Scala antes del nombramiento de Romani para el cargo.

La historia se basaba en el libreto de Gaetano Sertor para la ópera de Pasquale Anfossi de 1789 Zenobia in Palmira y se centra alrededor de la rivalidad entre el emperador romano Aureliano y el príncipe Arsace de Persia sobre la bella Zenobia, reina de Palmira.

Personajes

Referencias
Notas

Fuentes citadas
 Holden, Amanda, editor (2001). The New Penguin Opera Guide, Nueva York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-140-29312-4.
 Lindner, Thomas (1999) "Rossini's Aureliano in Palmira: A Descriptive Analysis", The Opera Quarterly, vol. 15 (1), pp.'The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2.ª edición. Londres: Macmillan. ISBN 9781561592395 (tapa dura).  (eBook).
 Weinstock, Herbert (1968). Rossini: A Biography. Nueva York: Knopf. . Reimpreso (1987): Nueva York: Limelight. ISBN 9780879100711.

Enlaces externos

 Libreto original de 1813 publicado en Milán por Giacomo Pirola. View en Google Books.

Óperas de 1813
Óperas de Gioacchino Rossini
Óperas en italiano
Óperas estrenadas en Milán
Representaciones culturales de Aureliano

Aureliano in Palmira


Charlot marinar (în ) este un film american de comedie din 1915 produs de Jess Robbins și scris și regizat de Charlie Chaplin. În alte roluri interpretează actorii Edna Purviance, Wesley Ruggles,  Bud Jamison și Billy Armstrong.

Prezentare

Distribuție
 Charles Chaplin - The Tramp
 Edna Purviance - Ship owner's daughter
 Wesley Ruggles - Ship owner
 Bud Jamison - Second mate, The Other Man
 Billy Armstrong - First shanghaied Seaman
 Paddy McGuire  - Second shanghaied seaman
 Leo White - Third shanghaied seaman
 John Rand - Ship's cook
 Fred Goodwins - Cabin boy in coveralls
 Lee Hill - Sailor in rain hat

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și

  1915 în film
  Listă de filme americane din 1915
  Listă de filme de comedie din anii 1910
  Listă de filme americane de comedie

Filme din 1915
Filme regizate de Charlie Chaplin
Filme de comedie din anii 1910
Filme Essanay Studios
Filme americane
Filme alb-negru
Filme mute
Filme de scurt metraj

Charlot marinar


Zuni mitolojisi, ABD'nin güneybatısında yaşayan Pueblo yerlilerinden Zuni Kızılderililerinin sözlü tarihi, kozmoloji, din ve mitolojik inanç yapıları ve bunun içerdiği mitlerin bütünüdür. Bu din, günlük yaşama entegre edilmiştir ve atalara, doğa ve hayvanlara saygıyı içerir .

Yaratılış
Zuni mitolojisinde Awonawilona yaratıcı tanrıdır. Bulut ve okyanusları yaratır. Okyanus yeşil alglerle kaplıydı, bunlar sertleşip yarılmış ve gök-baba Awitelin Tsita ile dünya-ana Apoyan Taçu'yu oluşturmuştur. Awitelin Tsita ile Apoyan Taçu Dünya'daki tüm yaşamın ebeveyni, sebebidirler.

İnanışa göre ilk insanlar yer altı dünyasındaki dört mağaradan gelmiştirler. Arz su ve canavarlarla kaplı tehlikeli bir yerdi. Güneş'in çocukları insanlara acımış ve arzı yıldırımlarla kurutup sertleştirmiş, onların zamanına (yani bugüne) kalan hayvanlar dışındaki çoğu hayvanı taşa dönüştürmüştürler. Böylece arz insanlar için yaşanabilecek, uygun bir yer olmuştur.

Bazı Mitolojik Figürler
Zuni mitolojisinde birçok canavar bulunur. Bunlardan bazıları şunlardır:
 Açiyalatopa tüy yerine bıçakları olan bir canavardır.
 Uhepono yer altı dünyasında yaşayan kıllı bir devdir. İnsan gibi kol bacaklara sahip bu canavarın çok büyük gözleri vardır.

Bunların dışında diğer yakın halklardaki gibi ruh kavramı da mevcuttur; örneğin Amitolane, gökkuşağı ruhudur.

Yanauluha isimli bir kültürel kahraman vardır. Zunilere tarım, tıp ve adetlerini getirmiş, başlatmış olan bu kahramandır.

Birçok güneybatı kabilesinde tapınılan Kokopelli isimli tanrıya Zuniler de tapınırdı. Zunilerde bu tanrı aynı zamanda bir yağmur tanrısıydı ve Ololowişkya olarak da anılırdı.

Kaynakça

Kızılderili mitolojisi
Zuniler

Zuni mitolojisi


Un heptadécaèdre est un polyèdre à 17 faces. Il n'existe aucun heptadécaèdre régulier. Il existe de nombreuses formes topologiques d'heptadécaèdre, comme la pyramide hexadécagonale ou le prisme pentadécagonal.

Heptadécaèdres convexes
Il existe  heptadécaèdres convexes topologiquement distincts.

Notes et références

Polyèdre

Heptadécaèdre


නාගරික පුරා විද්‍යාව යනු පුරා විද්‍යාවේ උප ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් වන අතර මෙම ක්ෂේත්‍රය දිගු කාලයක් තිස්සේ මිනිසුන් වාසය කළ නඟරයන් ආශ්‍රිතව හමුවන අතීත ද්‍රව්‍ය සම්බන්ධයෙන් විශේෂිත වූවකි. බොහෝ විට මෙවන් දිගු කාලීන මානව වාසස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රිතව අතීතය සම්බන්ධව තොරතුරු රාශියක් සොයා ගැනීමේ හැකියාව පවතී.

මිනිසුන් තම ජීවිත කාලය පුරාම අපද්‍රව්‍ය. ඉවතලීම සිදු කරයි. මිනිසුන් විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක් රාශිගතව වාසය කරන ප්‍රදේශ ආශ්‍රිතව මෙසේ අපද්‍රව්‍ය විශාල වශයෙන් එක් රැස් වීම සිදු වේ. මෙවන් අපද්‍රව්‍ය අතරට මල ද්‍රව්‍යද, මුළුතැන්ගෙයින් ඉවතලන අපද්‍රව්‍ය , කැඩී බිඳී ගිය ද්‍රව්‍ය. ආදී වශයෙන් විශාල ද්‍රව්‍ය පරාසයක් අයත් වේ. මෙම අපද්‍රව්‍ය සියල්ල බැහැර කළ යුතු වන අතර සුළු මිනිසුන් පිරිසක් සඳහා මෙම අවශ්‍යතාවය ප්‍රදේශීයව සපුරාගත හැකි වේ. කෙසේ නමුත් සෞඛ්‍යම ගැටළු මතු නොවන අයුරින් මෙසේ ප්‍රාදේශීයව අපද්‍රව්‍ය බැහැර කිරීම කළ හැකි වන්නේ සීමිත ජන සංඛ්‍යාවක් වාසය කරන අවස්ථාවන්හි දී පමණි. අදින් වසර 5000කට පමණ ඈත අතීතයේ පටන් මිනිසුන් විශාල සංඛ්යා වන් වශයෙන් එක්ව වාසය කිරීම ආරම්භ කිරීමත් සමඟ මෙසේ ප්‍රාදේශීයව අපද්‍රව්‍ය බැහැර කිරීමේ ක්‍රම, ක්‍රමයෙන් ප්‍රායෝගික නොවන තත්වයට පත් විය. මේ හේතුවෙන් මෙවැනි විශාල ජනාවාස ප්‍රදේශයන් වෙත ද්‍රව්‍යක විශාල වශයෙන් ගෙන ඒම සිදු වූ නමුත් ඒවා එම ප්‍රදේශවලින් බැහැරට ගෙන යාම සිදු නොවූ තරම්ය.

19 වන සියවසේ ක්‍රමානුකූල ලෙස අපද්‍රව්‍ය  බැහැර කිරීම ක්ර මවේද නඟරාශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශයන්හි ප්‍රචලිත වීමට ප්‍රථම බොහෝ විට මිනිසුන් අපද්‍රව්‍ය තම නිවසින් බැහැරට විසි කිරීම හෝ තම ඉඩමේ වල දැමීම සිදු කරන ලදී. නඟර සැලසුම්කරණ නීති හඳුන්වාදීමට ප්‍රථම මෙවැනි ජනාවාස ආශ්‍රිතව නිවාස කඩා වැටීම ඉතා සාමාන්‍ය සිදු වීමක් වූ අතර එවන් අවස්ථාවල දී එම නිවාස හිමිකරුවන් බොහෝ විට කඩා වැටුණු නිවසින් තවදුරටත් ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගත හැකි ද්‍රව්‍ය වෙන් කොට ගෙන ඒවා ඇසුරින් කඩා වැටුණු නිවස මතම නව නිවස ගොඩනැඟීම සිදු කරන ලදී.

මෙම ගොඩනැගීම් ක්‍රමවේදය හේතුවෙන් යම් තරමක හෝ ඉතිහාසයක් පවතින මධ්‍යම ප්‍රමාණයේ මානව ජනාවාසයක් පවා ගොඩනැඟී ඇත්තේ අතීතයේ කඩා වැටුණු සහ කඩා දමන ලද ගොඩනැඟිලි සමූහයක අවශේෂයන් මත වේ. මේ හේතුවෙන් මෙවන් ජනාවාස මුල් භූමි මට්ටමින් ඉහලට එසවුණු ස්වභාවයක් පෙන්වන අතර ඒවා එසේ ඉහලට එසවීමට හේතු වනුයේ ඒවාට යටින් තැන්පත්ව පවතින පුරා විද්‍යාත්මක අවශේෂයන් වේ. මෙම තත්වය වඩාත් පැහැදිලිව දැකගත හැකි වනුයේ නියර් ඊස්ට්හි පිහිටි ටෙල් වැනි පුරා විද්‍යාත්මක ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රිතව වේ. මෙහි දී වසර දහස් ගණනක් තිස්සේ මිනිසුන් වාසය කළ ප්‍රදේශ අවට බිම් මට්ටමින් මීටර් ගණනාවක් ඉහලට එස‍වී තිබෙනු නිරීක්ෂණය කළ හැක.

මධ්‍යම යු‍ගයේ යුරෝපයේ පැවති ආකාරයෙන් බැම්මක් මඟින් වට කරන ලද ජනාවාසයන් හි දී ඒවා වටා පිහිටි බැම්ම මඟින් අපද්‍රව්‍ය ඉවතට යෑම වැළැක්වීම මඟින් මෙම ක්‍රියාවලිය වඩාත් වේගවත් කිරීම සිදු විය.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_archaeology

පුරාවිද්‍යාව

නාගරික පුරා විද්‍යාව


Materyalizasyon, sözcük anlamıyla maddeleşme anlamına gelmekte olup, spiritüalizm'de bedenli veya bedensiz bir varlığın bedenli bir varlığa ait beden maddelerinin bir kısmını demateryalize etmesinden sonra, istediği bir biçime sokarak başka bir yerde ortaya çıkarması olarak tanımlanır. Demateryalizasyon fenomeninin karşıtı olarak kabul edilir.

Bilinen fizik yasalarıyla açıklanamayan demateryalizasyon ve materyalizasyon fenomenlerini neo-spiritüalist görüş, kısaca,  maddi partiküller arasındaki çekim-itim dengesine yapılan ruhsal müdahaleyle, maddenin genleştirilmesi ve eski haline döndürülmesi olarak açıklar. İnsan gözü, bir maddeyi ancak belirli bir hacimde belirli bir miktarda atom ve partiküle sahipse görür.

Maddileşerek  beş duyu ile algılanabilir hale gelen (ortaya çıkan, beliren) şeyin herhangi bir eşya olması durumunda fenomen apor (apport) adını alır. Apor fenomenlerine fiziksel medyumların yanı sıra mistiklerin, yogilerin ve şamanların çevresinde de rastlandığı ileri sürülür.

Kaynakça
Ruh ve Kainat, Bedri Ruhselman
Dictionary of Mysticism, Nevill Drury

Spiritüalizm

Materyalizasyon


Luptele de pe vechea frontieră din Dobrogea a fost o acțiune militară de nivel tactic, desfășurată pe Frontul Român, în timpul campaniei din anul 1916 a participării României la Primul Război Mondial. Ea s-a desfășurat în perioada 31 august/13 septembrie - 1/14 septembrie 1916 și a avut ca rezultat victoria forțelor Puterilor Centrale, în ea fiind angajate forțe române din Divizia 9 Infanterie, Divizia 19 Infanterie, Divizia 1 Voluntari sârbă, Divizia 61 Infanterie rusă și Brigada 5 Călărași  și forțe ale Puterilor Centrale din Divizia 1 Infanterie bulgară, Divizia 4 Infanterie bulgară, Divizia 6 Infanterie bulgară, Divizia Mixtă bulgară și Divizia 1 Cavalerie bulgară. A făcut parte din acțiunile militare care au avut loc în acțiunile militare din Dobrogea.

Contextul operativ strategic

Forțe participante

Dispozitivul forțelor române

Dispozitivul forțelor inamice

Comandanți

Comandanți aliați
General Nicolae Arghirescu
General Ioan Basarabescu
General Panteleimon Nicolaevici Simanski
Colonel Stevan Hadžić

Comandanți ai Puterilor Centrale
General Ianko Draganov
General Pantelei Kiselov
General Stefan Popov
General Todor Kantardjiev
General Ivan Kolev

Planurile de luptă

Desfășurarea acțiunilor militare

Rezultate și urmări

Note

Bibliografie
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 Ioanițiu Alexandru (Lt.-Colonel), Războiul României: 1916-1918, vol I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român, vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989

Vezi și

 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Bătălii de pe frontul românesc în Primul Război Mondial

Luptele de pe vechea frontieră din Dobrogea (1916)


Les élections législatives françaises de 2022 se déroulent les  et . Dans la circonscription départementale du Rhône, qui regroupe le département du Rhône et la métropole de Lyon, quatorze sièges de députés sont à pourvoir dans le cadre de quatorze circonscriptions.

Contexte

Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 2022 par circonscription

Système électoral
Les élections législatives ont lieu au scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours dans des circonscriptions uninominales.

Est élu au premier tour le candidat qui réunit la majorité absolue des suffrages exprimés et un nombre de voix au moins égal au quart (25 %) des électeurs inscrits dans la circonscription. Si aucun des candidats ne satisfait ces conditions, un second tour est organisé entre les candidats ayant réuni un nombre de voix au moins égal à un huitième des inscrits (12,5 %) ; les deux candidats arrivés en tête du premier tour se maintiennent néanmoins par défaut si un seul ou aucun d'entre eux n'a atteint ce seuil. Au second tour, le candidat arrivé en tête est déclaré élu.

Le seuil de qualification basé sur un pourcentage du total des inscrits et non des suffrages exprimés rend plus difficile l'accès au second tour lorsque l'abstention est élevé. Le système permet en revanche l'accès au second tour de plus de deux candidats si plusieurs d'entre eux franchissent le seuil de 12,5 % des inscrits. Les candidats en lice au second tour peuvent ainsi être trois, un cas de figure appelé . Les second tours où s'affrontent quatre candidats, appelés  sont également possibles, mais beaucoup plus rares.

Partis et nuances
Les résultats des élections sont publiés en France par le ministère de l'Intérieur, qui classe les partis en leur attribuant des nuances politiques. Ces dernières sont décidées par les préfets, qui les attribuent indifféremment de l'étiquette politique déclarée par les candidats, qui peut être celle d'un parti ou une candidature sans étiquette.

En 2022, seules les coalitions Ensemble (ENS) et Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale (NUP), ainsi que le Parti radical de gauche (RDG), l'Union des démocrates et indépendants (UDI), Les Républicains (LR), le Rassemblement national (RN) et Reconquête (REC) se voient attribuer  une nuance propre.

Tous les autres partis se voient attribuer l'une ou l'autre des nuances suivantes : DXG (divers extrême gauche), DVG (divers gauche), ECO (écologiste), REG (régionaliste), DVC (divers centre), DVD (divers droite), DSV (droite souverainiste) et DXD (divers extrême droite). Des partis comme Debout la France ou Lutte ouvrière ne disposent ainsi pas de nuance propre, et leurs résultats nationaux ne sont pas publiés séparément par le ministère, car mélangés avec d'autres partis (respectivement dans les nuances DSV et DXG).

Résultats

Élus

Résultats à l'échelle du département

Résultats par coalition

Résultats par nuance

Cartes

Résultats par circonscription

Première circonscription
Député sortant : Thomas Rudigoz (La République en marche)

Deuxième circonscription
Député sortant : Hubert Julien-Laferrière (Génération écologie, élu en 2017 sous l'étiquette La République en marche)

Troisième circonscription
Député sortant : Jean-Louis Touraine (La République en marche)

Quatrième circonscription
Députée sortante : Anne Brugnera (La République en marche - Territoires de progrès)

Cinquème circonscription
Députée sortante : Blandine Brocard (La République en marche)

Sixième circonscription
Député sortant : siège vacant

Septième circonscription
Députée sortante : Anissa Khedher (La République en marche)

Huitième circonscription
Députée sortante : Nathalie Serre (Les Républicains)

Neuvième circonscription
Député sortant : Bernard Perrut (Les Républicains)

Dixième circonscription
Député sortant : Thomas Gassilloud (Agir)

Onzième circonscription
Député sortant : Jean-Luc Fugit (La République en marche)

Douzième circonscription
Député sortant : Cyrille Isaac-Sibille (Mouvement démocrate)

Treizième circonscription
Député sortante : Danièle Cazarian (La République en marche)

Quatorzième circonscription
Député sortant : Yves Blein (La République en marche)

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Articles connexes
 Liste des circonscriptions législatives du Rhône
 Liste des députés du Rhône
 Élections législatives françaises de 2022

Liens externes
 .

Rhone
Législatives, 2022

Élections législatives de 2022 dans le Rhône


Robert Young "Bobby" Lee, Jr. (San Diego, California; 17 de septiembre de 1971) es un actor y comediante estadounidense, más conocido por su militancia en el elenco recurrente de la serie de comedia en vivo en MADtv desde 2001 hasta 2009 y por sus interpretaciones de sus personajes en películas como Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle y Pineapple Express.

Biografía
Es el mayor de los dos hijos de Jeanie y Robert Lee. Asistió al Poway High School en Poway, California. De ascendencia coreana y estadounidense, sus padres eran propietarios de tiendas de ropa en California. Cuando Bobby Lee tenía 9 años, fue abusado sexualmente por un hombre con síndrome de down, esto lo comentó públicamente en el programa The Fighter and The Kid . A los 18 años de edad, Lee se mudó de casa junto con sus padres y empezaron a trabajar en restaurantes y cafeterías en el área de San Diego, al mismo tiempo asistió a la escuela de Palomar College durante un breve período. En 1994, en la tienda donde trabajaba se cerró. Después de unos meses de trabajo pequeños, empezó a trabajar en un club en la que decidió probar suerte durante una de sus noches para aficionados. Dentro de un año después de dedicarse a las comedias regulares establece inaugurar dos clubes llamados Pauly Shore y Carlos Mencia. Lee también comenzó a trabajar regularmente en el The Comedy Store en Los Ángeles.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Official MADtv Website

Actores de cine de Estados Unidos
Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos

Bobby Lee