USS Turner Joy (DD-951) is one of 18 s of the United States Navy. She was named for Admiral Charles Turner Joy USN (1895–1956). Commissioned in 1959, she spent her entire career in the Pacific. She participated extensively in the Vietnam War, and was one of the principal ships involved in the Gulf of Tonkin incident.

Decommissioned in 1982, she is now a museum ship in Bremerton, Washington.

Construction and commissioning
Turner Joy was built by the Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Company of Seattle and commissioned at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington. Her keel was laid on 30 September 1957. She was launched on 5 May 1958, sponsored by Mrs. C. Turner Joy, and was commissioned on 3 August 1959.

Pre-Vietnam War operational duty
Following a pre-shakedown goodwill cruise to Central and South American ports and shakedown out of San Diego, Turner Joy began, early in 1960, duty as flagship both of Destroyer Squadron 13 (DesRon 13) and Destroyer Division 131 (DesDiv 131). Based at Long Beach, California, she formed part of an antisubmarine warfare (ASW) task group built around . She conducted exercises along the California coast until 17 May 1960, when she sailed with the task group for the western Pacific.

After stops at Pearl Harbor and Apra, Guam, she stood air-sea rescue duty near the Marianas for President Dwight D. Eisenhower's flight to visit several Asian nations. After returning to Apra briefly, the destroyer moved via the Philippines to Bangkok, Thailand. Turner Joy crossed the president's path once more in July 1960, when the Chinese used the latter's visit to Taiwan as a pretext for shelling the islands of Quemoy and Matsu, once again. A tense month of duty with the Taiwan Strait patrol followed as the United States Navy demonstrated America's support for one of her allies. In mid-August 1960, the warship moved north for exercises with 7th Fleet carriers along the coast of Japan. That duty rounded out her first western Pacific deployment, and the destroyer got underway for Yokosuka, Japan, and headed home.

Turner Joy returned to Long Beach on 16 November 1960. Over the next 18 months, she completed an extensive overhaul and participated in numerous 1st Fleet exercises along the California coast. In October 1961, the destroyer was transferred to DesDiv 191 of DesRon 19 and assumed duty as flagship for both. On 2 June 1962, she stood out of Long Beach with an ASW task group built around Hornet. On her way to the Far East, the warship participated in exercises with Amphibious Squadron 5 in the Hawaiian Islands. Later, she joined the screen of , operating off the southern coast of Honshū, Japan.

Her second deployment to the Orient was characterized by a series of exercises with ships of the 7th Fleet and of allied navies. Areas of operations included the Sea of Japan, the Pacific east of Japan, and the South China Sea. After a final series of drills conducted with , the destroyer completed that tour of duty at Yokosuka, Japan, early in December. On 7 June, she headed back to the United States where she arrived on 21 June. The ensuing 14 months brought another overhaul as well as further 1st Fleet exercises in the waters along the west coast. Those evolutions continued into 1964; and, in March, the destroyer began preparations for overseas movement.

Gulf of Tonkin incident

On 13 March 1964, Turner Joy departed Long Beach to embark upon her most celebrated tour of duty in the Far East. The third western Pacific deployment of her career began routinely enough. After calling at Pearl Harbor on her way west, the destroyer joined a task group built around  for operations in the Philippine Sea, followed by a cruise through the South China Sea to Japan. Further training operations and port visits ensued, as the deployment continued peacefully. During late July 1964, Turner Joy, while attached to a carrier task group built around , began making "watch dog" patrols off the coast of Vietnam where a guerrilla war had been raging at varying levels of intensity since the end of World War II.

In the afternoon of 2 August 1964, , engaged in a DESOTO patrol, called for assistance when three Vietnam People's Navy (VPN) P 4-class torpedo boats from the 135th Torpedo Squadron attacked her. As Maddox engaged the boats, firing over 280 five-inch shells, the contact was broken, and each combatant withdrew from the contact. While retreating to the North Vietnamese coastline, the three torpedo boats were attacked by four Navy F-8 Crusader jets from Ticonderoga which fired rockets and strafed with 20mm cannon fire, damaging two torpedo boats and leaving one boat in apparently sinking condition. Meanwhile, Turner Joy raced to Maddox to provide additional surface strength. By the time she reached Maddox, the torpedo boats were no longer in the area.

On 3 August 1964, the Turner Joy was ordered to accompany the Maddox for another DESOTO mission, on 4 August Turner Joys radar screens picked up a number of what appeared to be small, high-speed surface craft approaching, but at extreme range. As a precaution, the two destroyers called upon Ticonderoga to furnish air support. By nightfall, the unidentified radar echoes suggested that VPN torpedo boats were converging upon the two American warships from the west and south. Turner Joy reported that she sighted one or two torpedo wakes, then rang up full speed, maneuvered radically to evade expected torpedoes, and began firing in the direction of the unidentified blips. Over the next two and a half hours, Turner Joy fired approximately 220 five-inch shells, while planes from Ticonderoga fired at the supposed torpedo boats.

Reports claimed that at least two of those were sunk by direct hits and another pair severely damaged, and that the remaining boats retired rapidly to the north.  A sailor in the Gun Director on the USS Maddox, Patrick Park, reviewed radar and sonar records for the next three days after the incident on orders from his superiors.  His conclusion, there were no attacks on 4 August 1964 against the Maddox and the Turner Joy. This has been supported by evidence from the Vietnamese since the end of hostilities. In addition, Admiral Moore reported on 7 August 1964 to Admiral Sharpe that "Freak weather effects on radar and overeager sonar men may have accounted for the many reports."

On 1 and 2 July 1966, the three torpedo boats from VPN Torpedo Squadron 135; T-333, T-336, and T-339, which had attacked the USS Maddox on 2 August 1964, came into the Tonkin Gulf again to attack two more US destroyers, only to be promptly sunk by US jets from the aircraft carriers  and . Nineteen VPN sailors were taken as prisoner of war from those sunk torpedo boats, and they made it clear that no VPN torpedo boats had been sunk in 1964. It could well have been that bad weather and freakish radar conditions for which the Gulf of Tonkin is famous, caused radar echoes to appear on Turner Joys screen and prompted her captain and crew to take defensive action in consideration of the events two days earlier.

In any event, the "Tonkin Gulf incident" prompted American retaliation. Constellation joined Ticonderoga off North Vietnam the following day, and together they launched Operation Pierce Arrow, sixty-four sorties against the bases from which the attacks had been launched and against an oil storage depot known to have been used to support those bases. Planes from Constellation hit the VPN bases at Hongay and Loc Chao in the north while Ticonderoga aircraft went after three targets in the south: the motor torpedo boat bases at Quang Khe and Phuc Loi as well as the Vinh oil storage depot. At the last-named target, American planes set fire to 12 of the 14 oil storage tanks sending almost 10 percent of North Vietnam's oil reserves up in smoke. Of more lasting significance both to the warship and the country, however, the incident prompted the United States Congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, the legal foundation for the United States to deploy conventional US military forces and directly confront North Vietnam in open warfare; which would ultimately involve the United States in a bloody and costly war in Indochina for the ensuing eight and a half years. Throughout that period, the Turner Joy would serve repeatedly throughout the conflict.

Vietnam War operations
Following the excitement of the first week in August, the destroyer resumed more routine operations in the South China Sea. She concluded her deployment when she reached Long Beach on 2 October—two months to the day since she had rushed to the aid of Maddox. The destroyer conducted normal operations out of Long Beach until 18 December when she entered the naval shipyard for a three-month overhaul. Late in March, she began refresher training out of San Diego. West coast operations occupied her until 10 July, when she departed Long Beach with DesRon 19, bound once again for duty in the Orient. At the end of a 21-day transit, Turner Joy joined  near the end of the month. During August and the first three weeks of September, the destroyer served both as an escort for the carrier and as a detached radar picket ship.

On 23 September, she moved into the Gulf of Thailand near the west coast of South Vietnam to participate in one of the earliest naval gunfire support missions conducted along that section of the coastline. After a brief respite in Subic Bay for upkeep, the warship returned to the gunline in October, this time along South Vietnam's southeastern coast between Cape St. Jacques and Chu Lai. On 25 September, she provided call-fire for American and South Vietnamese forces operating ashore in the vicinity of Chu Lai itself. During the mission, her guns destroyed a number of enemy positions and figured prominently in the repulse of a Viet Cong attack. Near the conclusion of that 24-hour action, a 5-inch round misfired; and, during the ensuing efforts to clear the chamber, the shell detonated. The explosion damaged the gun mount, killed three sailors, and wounded three more. That event forced her departure from the combat zone. After landing the three casualties at Da Nang, Turner Joy set course for Subic Bay in the Philippines. After a week of repairs, the destroyer departed Subic Bay in company with Ticonderoga for screening duty in the South China Sea, followed by port calls at Hong Kong and at Yokosuka, Japan. At the end of the year, she returned to naval gunfire support duty off the coast of South Vietnam.

On 3 January 1966, the destroyer resumed plane guard duty with Ticonderoga in the South China Sea. The destroyer patrolled with the carrier on Yankee Station until 14 January when she headed, via Subic Bay, for Long Beach. Turner Joy arrived home on 1 February and, two weeks later, began a month-long restricted availability. From the completion of her overhaul in March through the end of May, the destroyer remained in Long Beach engaged in upkeep, repairs, and in training the numerous replacements who had reported on board. On 11 June, she put to sea once again to conduct a midshipman training cruise, during which she visited Pearl Harbor, Seattle, and San Francisco. Turner Joy concluded that operation on 29 July when she disembarked the midshipmen at Long Beach. Later that summer, she again visited Seattle in conjunction with that city's annual Seafair celebration. Additional training and upkeep at Long Beach followed and occupied her until the second week in October. At that time, she returned to sea to participate in fleet exercise "Baseline II," after which she proceeded to Long Beach for a series of repairs in preparation for another tour of duty in the western Pacific. Turner Joy stood out of Long Beach on 18 November and—after visits to Pearl Harbor, Midway, and Guam—entered port at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, on 11 December.

Turner Joy'''s fourth deployment to the western Pacific brought her three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam and concluded with a visit to Australia. On 15 December, she departed Kaohsiung and headed for the coastline of the II Corps area of South Vietnam. The destroyer reached her zone of operations on the 18th and, for the next month, conducted shore bombardments in support of American and South Vietnamese troops operating ashore. She concluded that assignment on 17 January 1967 and headed for the Philippines. After two weeks of availability at Subic Bay and a five-day liberty visit to Hong Kong, Turner Joy returned to the Vietnamese coast on 10 February. For almost a month, she delivered gunfire support for troops ashore, this time in the I Corps zone of South Vietnam. That duty ended on 3 March, and a nine-day tender availability alongside  in Sasebo, Japan, followed.

On 21 March, the destroyer resumed station off Vietnam. This time, however, off the coast of North Vietnam. Instead of supporting American and South Vietnamese troops directly through shore bombardments, she did so by interdicting enemy logistical efforts in Operation Sea Dragon. Though primarily directed at the enemy's water-borne logistics, "Sea Dragon" also struck wherever possible at the enemy's overland supply lines. During her 26 days on station engaged in "Sea Dragon" operations, Turner Joy fired on a number of shore targets in addition to an even larger number of enemy waterborne logistics craft. On 7 April, while firing on some enemy craft beached near Cap Mui Ron, the destroyer came under the fire of a North Vietnamese shore battery. During that exchange, she suffered a direct hit on the fantail and a near-miss air burst above the forward mast. The hit astern penetrated the deck to the supply office, damaging records therein as well as pipes and cables in the overhead. Several rounds of 5 inch VT fragmentation projectiles in mount 53 ammunition stowage area also suffered damage and had to be discarded. Shrapnel from near misses wounded a member of Turner Joy's repair party and peppered her bow while the air burst above the forward mast put her air-search radar out of service except for its IFF aspect. The damage, however, was not severe enough to curtail her tour of duty; and she remained on station until relieved by  on 16 April.

Two days later, the destroyer arrived in Subic Bay, and she entered drydock, soon thereafter, for repairs to her strut bearing, the bow, the peak tank, and her air search radar antenna. Concurrently with this yard work, she conducted a tender availability with  to prepare her for visits to Australia and New Zealand during the forthcoming celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of the Coral Sea. Repairs and availability completed, she stood out of Subic Bay on 24 April in company with . En route to Melbourne, the two ships stopped at Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands and at Brisbane, Australia. The ship reached Melbourne on 8 May; and, while she remained there until the 13th, her crew enjoyed Australian hospitality in the city and replied in kind on board. Between 13 and 17 May, she made a rough transit of the Tasman Sea and arrived in Auckland, New Zealand, on the latter date for the second phase of her Coral Sea celebration. She remained in Auckland until 22 May at which time she and McKean put to sea to return to the United States. After a stop at Pago Pago, American Samoa, the two ships rejoined  and Maddox on 26 May to reconstitute DesRon 19 for the voyage home. After a brief fueling stop at Pearl Harbor on 2 June, the warships arrived in Long Beach on 8 June. Between June and September, Turner Joy went through a month of post-deployment standdown followed by training operations in the waters off southern California. On 18 September, she arrived at Bremerton, Washington, for a two-month shipyard availability at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. In mid-November, she returned to Long Beach and resumed operations along the California coast.

That duty continued until late February 1968 when she entered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard for a restricted availability in preparation for her fifth deployment to the Far East. Turner Joy stood out of Long Beach on 12 March and—after stops at Oahu, Midway, and Guam—arrived in Subic Bay on 4 April. Over the following five months, the destroyer conducted operations along the coast of Vietnam similar to those performed during previous deployments. She delivered naval gunfire support for American and South Vietnamese troops in South Vietnam and conducted "Sea Dragon" patrols along the coast of North Vietnam to interdict enemy waterborne logistics traffic. Her tours of duty on the gunline took her to the I, II and IV Corps areas of South Vietnam. As during previous deployments, she punctuated assignments in the combat zone with visits to Subic Bay and to Buckner Bay, Okinawa, for fuel, supplies, and repairs, as well as to Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Hong Kong for rest and relaxation. She completed her last tour of duty of the deployment off the Vietnamese coast on 4 September and, after a brief tender availability at Subic Bay, headed homeward on 8 September. Retracing her outward-bound voyage with stops at Guam, Midway, and Pearl Harbor, Turner Joy entered Long Beach on 26 September.

Upon her return to the United States, the warship began preparations for her regular overhaul. She entered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 28 November and remained there until late February 1969. When post-overhaul trials ended on 15 March, the ship resumed normal operations out of Long Beach. During April and May, she participated in a 1st Fleet combined ASW/AAW exercise as a part of her refresher training. She completed those operations during the latter half of May; and, after a. brief availability alongside , she embarked NROTC midshipmen on 5 June for the two-month 1969 summer training cruise. At the end of the cruise, Turner Joy debarked the midshipmen on 1 August and resumed training in the southern California operating area.

On 18 November, she got underway from Long Beach to return to the Orient. Following a four-day layover at Pearl Harbor and brief fuel stops at Midway and Guam, she arrived in Subic Bay on 11 December. After a five-day availability alongside , the destroyer stood out of Subic Bay bound for Danang, South Vietnam, and gunfire support duty off the coast of the I Corps zone. By New Year's Day 1970, she was on her way to Yankee Station to act as plane guard for Task Force (TF) 77 aircraft carriers. On 4 January, she headed back to Subic Bay where she remained until the 18th. She completed another three-week tour on the gunline on 10 February and then shaped a course for Sasebo, Japan, whence she operated until early in March. After a liberty call in Hong Kong, Turner Joy returned to the Vietnamese coast and resumed gunfire support missions until early April. On 3 April, she rendezvoused with  and then made port calls at Subic Bay and Bangkok, Thailand, before embarking upon her final gunline assignment on 19 April. She returned to Subic Bay on 10 May for a final visit before heading back to the United States on the 17th.

The destroyer arrived back in Long Beach on 1 June and began a three-month restricted availability in the naval shipyard. She completed the availability early in October and began sea trials and training in the southern California operating area. Early in December, Turner Joy reentered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard to be readied for her redeployment to the western Pacific. On 26 January 1971, she stood out of Long Beach on her way to rejoin the 7th Fleet. She entered Subic Bay on 16 February and went into drydock for several days while both her propellers were replaced. On 5 March, she exited Subic Bay for a tour of naval gunfire support duty along the Vietnamese coast. That assignment—carried out along the I Corps-zone coastline near Danang—ended on 2 April; and she headed for Yankee Station and two weeks of plane guard duty with the TF 77 aircraft carriers. Following a five-day port call at Subic Bay, Turner Joy took up position at Yankee Station again on 27 April—this time as escort for the PIRAZ (positive identification and radar advisory zone) ship. She performed that duty until 30 April; then, after three days evading a typhoon, she moved in close to the I Corps shoreline to resume gunfire support duties.

On 14 May, the destroyer shaped a course for Subic Bay. Following a five-day gunfire exercise at the Tabones range, she departed the Philippines to make liberty visits to Bangkok, Thailand, and Hong Kong. In late June, she did another tour of duty on PIRAZ station and provided plane guard services to Kitty Hawk. A brief liberty call at Subic Bay followed; and then, on 30 June, she embarked upon a voyage to Australia and New Zealand. During July, she made visits to the Australian towns of Brisbane and Sydney as well as Auckland, New Zealand. On 26 July Turner Joy got underway for home. She arrived back in Long Beach on 10 August and conducted normal post-deployment evolutions through the remainder of 1971.

In February 1972, the destroyer began an extensive overhaul. Over the ensuing six months, she received entirely new 5 inch 54-caliber gun mounts; and her propulsion plant underwent conversion to enable it to burn Navy distillate fuel. Extensive other modifications, installations, and renovations also took place between February and August. From August to December, she busied herself with various trials and tests at sea, conducted refresher training, and prepared for her next assignment to the Far East. Her voyage west began on 6 December and ended with her arrival at Subic Bay on the 29th. Two days later, she put to sea for her first tour on the gunline. It also proved to be her last. She delivered gunfire support for 28 days, "delivering over 10,000 rounds of accurate fire in support of ground forces in South Vietnam and against enemy targets in North Vietnam". "USS Turner Joy fired the final round of naval gunfire of the war, hitting the beach at 000 GMT, 28 January 1973, scant seconds before the ceasefire went into effect". Then, on 28 January 1973, American participation in the Vietnam War ended with a negotiated ceasefire.

For the remainder of that deployment, Turner Joy participated in a variety of operations—including Operation End Sweep, the removal of American mines from the waters around Haiphong harbor, as well as antisubmarine warfare exercises and carrier operations in the South China Sea. She punctuated those assignments with port visits to Subic Bay; Hong Kong; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Sasebo, Japan. On 13 June, she headed home via Yokosuka and arrived in Long Beach on 22 June. She spent the period from then until mid-October engaged in upkeep and a restricted availability. On 17 October, she departed Long Beach and set course for her new home port, San Diego. Upon arrival there, she began normal operations—engineering and gunnery exercises at sea alternated with upkeep in port.

That routine continued until April 1974, at which time she began preparations for her first peacetime deployment to the western Pacific in a decade. She stood out of San Diego on 6 May, reached Pearl Harbor on the 12th, and completed a brief assignment with  in the Hawaiian operating area on 24 May. On that day, she departed Oahu and continued her voyage west. Turner Joy arrived in Subic Bay on 4 June and, for the next two months, conducted local operations in company with Ranger. On 1 August, the destroyer departed the Philippines for a goodwill visit to Surabaya, Indonesia. She returned to the Philippines on 31 August and conducted local operations out of Subic Bay for two months before heading homeward on 3 October. The warship arrived in San Diego on 22 October and, after a month of post-deployment leave and upkeep, began a normal schedule of operations in the southern California operating area.

Post-Vietnam War operationsTurner Joy ended 1974 and began 1975 engaged in a rather extensive availability which was completed in mid-April. At the conclusion of that repair period, she resumed operations along the coast of southern California. Refresher training, FleetEx 2-75, and a midshipman training cruise occupied her from April through August. On 2 September, she departed San Diego for the 11th deployment of her career to the western Pacific. However, after a two-week stop at Subic Bay, her western Pacific assignment was transformed into a tour of duty in the Indian Ocean.

On 13 October, she departed Subic Bay in company with , , and  bound ultimately for Bandar Abbas, Iran. Along the way, she visited Singapore and Sri Lanka and participated in exercises with the Singaporean Navy. The destroyer arrived in Bandar Abbas on 13 November whence she and her sailing companions participated in the CENTO exercise, "Midlink". During that operation, she joined units of the British, Iranian, and Pakistani navies in practicing a broad spectrum of naval tactics—ASW, AAW, surface engagements, gunnery drills, and missile shoots.

"Midlink" ended on 25 November, and Turner Joy briefly stopped again at Bandar Abbas before heading for the Philippines on 29 November. She arrived back in Subic Bay on 12 December and remained there until 9 January 1976. Routine operations in the Philippines, exercises in the South China Sea and the Sea of Japan—as well as visits to ports in Taiwan and Japan—characterized the remainder of that deployment, which also included a harrowing cruise directly through the center of a typhoon. On 17 March, she stood out of Yokosuka to return to the United States. After stops at Midway and Pearl Harbor, she reentered San Diego harbor on 4 April. Following post-deployment standdown, the destroyer reverted once more to training operations out of San Diego.

On 4 July 1976, the Turner Joy steamed up the San Joaquin River more than  from San Francisco Bay to participate in Stockton's Bicentennial celebrations, making her the first ship-of-the-line to visit that city.

As a result of long years of service in Vietnam and two delays in a scheduled overhaul, however, Turner Joy was unable to successfully complete her Operational Propulsion Plant Examination. This deficiency made it necessary for the ship to spend the remainder of 1976 in port correcting propulsion deficiencies.

After an extended period in dry-dock at Long Beach. the ship went to San Diego mid-1979 for crewing to test the work done. After Engineering Quals were passed the ship was provisioned for a Westpac/South Pac goodwill cruise. The tour consists of going to Hawaii for more Quals in all departments. Then on to the Philippines for repairs on needed items. After 2 weeks there it went on to Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, & New Zealand. During this time the ship did sea trials with the Australia and New Zealand navies. Upon departing the ship stopped at Pago Pago on the way back to Hawaii before returning to the US. The ship arrived in San Diego in November 1980.

Fate
In 1982, as the new Spruance-class destroyers joined the fleet, the Navy announced the retirement of Turner Joy and her sister ships saying, "...the cost of modernizing them is far greater than the benefits that could be derived from continued service."Turner Joy was decommissioned 22 November 1982 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register 13 February 1990. The Bremerton Historic Ships Association obtained Turner Joy from the inactive fleet and after refurbishing her and constructing appropriate access to the ship, opened her to the public in 1992 in Bremerton, Washington.

 In popular culture
The rock band Turnerjoy took their name from the USS Turner Joy. The band Turnerjoy was active from 1998 to 2003 and is the subject of the 2020 documentary Get Out of Home''.

References

External links

 USS Turner Joy – official site
history.navy.mil: USS Turner Joy
navsource.org: USS Turner Joy
hazegray.org: USS Turner Joy
Historic Naval Ships Visitors Guide: Turner Joy

Forrest Sherman-class destroyers
Cold War destroyers of the United States
Vietnam War destroyers of the United States
Historic American Engineering Record in Washington (state)
Museum ships in Washington (state)
Museums in Kitsap County, Washington
Bremerton, Washington
Ships built by Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company
1958 ships
Military and war museums in Washington (state)
Maritime incidents in 1964

USS Turner Joy


La route régionale 751 () est une route régionale allant d'Evijärvi jusqu'à Kangasvieri à Lestijärvi en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 751 est une route régionale d'Ostrobotnie du Sud et d'Ostrobotnie centrale.

Parcours
Evijärvi
Lassila
Särkikylä
Kruunupyy
Veteli
Isokylä
Räyrinki
Sillanpää
Polso
Halsua
Kirkonkylä
Marjusaari
Kanala
Lestijärvi
Kangasvieri

Distances

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Cartes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

751

Transport à Evijärvi
Transport à Halsua
Transport à Lestijärvi

Seututie 751


Poslije dugog skitanja debitantski je studijski album hrvatskog rock sastava Mirisi. Objavljen je 20. srpnja 2018.

Popis pjesama

Izvođači

 Ando Miri - vokali, gitare
 Mat Miri - vokali, bas gitara
 Timi Miri - vokali, bubnjevi

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Radio1
Studentski.hr

Hrvatski glazbeni albumi
Albumi iz 2018.

Poslije dugog skitanja


Sakalavalar, Malaya-Polinezya dili konuşan ve özellikle Madagaskar'ın batı kıyısında yaşayan yaklaşık 380.000 nüfuslu etnik topluluktur.

Etnik kimlik
Sakalava, bir zamanlar kendi başına bir etnik gruptan ziyade bir imparatorluk oluşturan bir dizi küçük etnik grubu ifade eder. Sakalava kelimesinin kökeninin kendisi ve gerçek anlamı hâlâ tartışmalara tabidir. En yaygın açıklama, Batı Madagaskar'daki arazinin nispeten düz yapısını ifade eden, uzun vadiler anlamına gelen Sakalava'nın modern Malgaşça tercümesidir. Başka bir teori de, kelimenin muhtemelen köle anlamına gelen Geç Latince sclavus'tan türetilen Arapça saqaliba'dan geldiğidir.

Tarihi

Avustronezya halkı, Madagaskar'a MS 400 ile 900 yılları arasında yerleşmeye başladı. Teknelerle geldiler ve çeşitli güneydoğu Asya gruplarından geliyorlardı. Nosy Mangabe ve Mananara Vadisi'ndeki doğrulanmış en eski yerleşim yerleri, sekizinci yüzyıla tarihleniyor. Batı Afrika'dan taşınan Bantu konuşan çiftçiler, dokuzuncu yüzyılda Madagaskar'a geldi. Gwyn Campbell'a göre, "bugüne kadarki en doğru genetik veriler, kuzeybatı kıyısındaki kurucu yerleşimin, genetik olarak karışık ya da yarı Avustronezya ve yarı Afrikalı olmak üzere toplamda yaklaşık 500 kişiden oluşan maksimum 20 haneden oluştuğunu gösteriyor. " Daha sonra Swahili, Arap ve Hint ve Tamil tüccarlar adanın kuzey bölgelerine geldi. Afrikalı köleler adaya, özellikle Sakalava halkının yaşadığı bölgeye, 15. ve 18. yüzyıllar arasında artan sayıda getirildi. Bu farklı insan akışı, 2. binyılın ortalarında çeşitli Malgaş alt etnik gruplarına yol açtı. Portekizli tüccarlar, 15. yüzyılda gelen ilk Avrupalılardı, ardından diğer Avrupalı güçler geldi.

Sakalava mirasının kurucusu Andriamisara idi. Onun soyundan gelen Andriandahifotsy ("Beyaz Prens"), 1610'dan sonra otoritesini, köle ticareti karşılığında elde edilen silahların yardımıyla Mangoky Nehri'ni geçerek kuzeye doğru genişletti. İki oğlu Andriamanetiarivo ve Andriamandisoarivo (aynı zamanda Tsimanatona olarak da bilinir) kazançlarını Tsongay bölgesine (şimdi Mahajanga) kadar genişletti. Adadaki farklı kıyı yerleşimlerinin şefleri, ticareti kontrol etmek için güçlerini genişletmeye başladı. İlk önemli Sakalava krallıkları 1650'lerde kuruldu. 1700'lerde Madagaskar'ın kuzeybatı bölgelerinin batısına hakim oldular. Menabe'nin Sakalava beylikleri, o zamanlar Andakabe olarak bilinen ve şimdi Morondava kasabası olarak bilinen yerde merkezlenmişti ve aralarında başlıca kişilerdi. Sakalava'nın etkisi şu anda Antsiranana, Mahajanga ve Toliara eyaletlerine yayıldı. Sakalava krallığı, Kral Andrianinevenarivo yönetiminde 1730-1760 yılları arasında en yüksek coğrafi yayılımına ulaştı.

Yerel geleneğe göre, Sakalava krallığının kurucuları Fiherenana'dan (şimdiki Toliara) Maroseraña (veya Maroseranana, "birçok limana sahip olanlar") prensleriydi. Ayrıca adanın güneybatı kesimindeki Zafiraminia (Ramini'nin oğulları) klanlarından, muhtemelen Arap kökenli olabilirler. Zanzibar köle ticaretini kontrol eden ilk Ummanlı Arapların ve daha sonra Avrupalı köle tüccarlarının köle talebi, köle baskın operasyonlarına ve Madagaskar'ın kuzey ve kuzeybatı bölgesindeki büyük limanlarda kontrolün uygulanmasına yol açtı. Başlangıçta Araplar, köle karşılığında sadece Sakalava'ya silah tedarik ettiler. Bu köleler, Afrika'nın Swahili kıyılarından gelen ticaret gemilerinin yanı sıra Komorlara ve Madagaskar'ın diğer kıyı yerleşimlerine yapılan köle baskınlarından elde edildi. Sakalava krallığı, güney bölgelerden başlayarak Mahafaly bölgesindeki komşu bölgelere hızla boyun eğdirdi.

Komor Adaları'ndaki Merina sözlü tarih ve belgeleri, Sakalava köle akıncılarının 18. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar köylerine yaptıkları bir dizi yıllık seferden bahsediyor. Bu seferlere, hem Komorlar hem de Merina halkının sahip olmadığı bir silah olan Araplardan elde edilen silahlar yardımcı oldu. Madagaskar'daki köle ticareti için en büyük ve en çok tercih edilen limanlardan biri, Sakalava sahil kasabası Mahajanga idi. Sakalava, 18. yüzyılın sonuna kadar Madagaskar'da köle ticaretinde tekele sahipti. Nüfus olarak daha küçük olmalarına rağmen, silahları onlara geniş erişim ve güç sağladı ve on sekizinci yüzyılda diğer daha kalabalık etnik grupları kendilerine haraç ödemeye zorlamalarına izin verdi.

18. yüzyılın sonlarında silah aldığım Merina kralı Radama, Sakalava ile bir savaş başlattı ve Sakalava krallığının hegemonyasını ve köle baskınlarını sona erdirdi. Merina daha sonra halkının karşılaştığı tarihi köleliği tersine çevirdi ve köle tedarik etmeye başladı. Merina, Menabe ve Boina'nın (Mahajanga) son iki Sakalava kalesini hiçbir zaman ilhak etmese de, Sakalava, bir yüzyıl sonra, 1896'da adanın Fransız kolonizasyonuna kadar Merina'nın kontrolü altında kalan orta yaylalara bir daha asla bir tehdit oluşturmadı.

Kaynakça

Etnik gruplar

Sakalavalar


William Ames, latinisiert auch Guilielmus Amesius (* 1576 in Ipswich; † 14. November 1633 in Rotterdam) war ein englischer reformierter Theologe, der vor allem in den Niederlanden wirkte und mit seinen Schriften großen Einfluss auf die Puritaner Englands und Neuenglands hatte. Er ist nicht zu verwechseln mit dem ebenfalls lange in den Niederlanden wirkenden Quäker William Ames († 1662).

Leben
Ames war ein Sohn eines Kaufmanns und wurde von seinem Onkel Robert Snelling in Oxford im Geist des Puritanismus erzogen, da seine Eltern früh verstarben. Ab 1594 studierte er am Christ's College in Cambridge, unter anderem bei William Perkins (1558–1602), dem führenden Theologen der Puritaner in der anglikanische Kirche. Nach Erlangung des Magistergrades 1601 wurde Ames zum Fellow des Christ's College berufen. Nach einer Predigt gegen das ausschweifende Studentenleben im Dezember 1609 musste er diese Stellung jedoch aufgeben. Er wurde zum Pfarrer der Gemeinde in Colchester gewählt, aber vom Londoner Bischof George Abbot nicht bestätigt, was praktisch einem Predigtverbot gleichkam.

Weil die Stellung der Puritaner in England immer schwieriger wurde, reiste er Ende 1610 in die Niederlande. Nach kurzem Aufenthalt in Leiden bei John Robinson und in Rotterdam wegen der Disputation mit dem Arminianer Nicolaas Grevinckhoven († 1632) wurde er 1611 zum Prediger der englischen Gemeinde in Den Haag und 1613 zum Garnisonsprediger bei den dortigen englischen Truppen berufen. Hier heiratete er eine Tochter von John Burgess, die aber bald kinderlos starb. An der Dordrechter Synode 1618/19 nahm er als Beobachter für die calvinistische Partei teil und war Berater und Sekretär des Präsidenten Johann Bogermann.

1619 wurde Ames zum Betreuer eines Studentenheims an der Universität Leiden berufen, wo er auch Studenten ausbildete. Die geplante Ernennung zum Professor der Theologie an der Universität Leiden scheiterte am englischen Bischofs George Abbot, der seinen Einfluss auch hier geltend machen konnte. Stattdessen wurde Ames am 7. Mai 1622 Professor an der Universität Franeker, wo er zahlreiche Studenten nachhaltig prägte. 1632 wurde er auf Einladung seines Freundes Hugh Peter Pfarrer einer englischen Flüchtlingsgemeinde in Rotterdam. Er plante bereits nach Neuengland zu übersiedeln, wo er seinen Freund John Winthrop treffen wollte. Im Herbst 1633 trat jedoch die Maas über die Dämme und überflutete auch sein Haus, er musste durch kaltes Wasser waten, erkrankte und starb am 14. November an einer Lungenentzündung.

Vier Jahre nach seinem Tod zogen seine Frau und einige seiner Kinder nach Salem in Neuengland. Sie nahmen Ames Bücher mit, die dann zum Kernbestand der Bibliothek des neugegründeten Harvard College wurden.

Werk und Bedeutung
Spätestens mit der Übersetzung 1610 der Schrift English Puritanism von William Bradshaw war Ames als ein entschiedener Vertreter eines orthodoxen Calvinismus und eines sittenstrengen Puritanismus hervorgetreten. Er war ein begabter Redner, der zu argumentieren und zu debattieren verstand. Er wurde daher auch als Augustinus von Holland oder als Zerstörer des dortigen Arminianismus bezeichnet. Sein theologisches Hauptwerk Medulla theologica prägte den Anführer der "präzisistischen" Richtung im niederländischen Protestantismus, Gisbert Voetius, der in Utrecht lehrte. Zugleich aber beeinflusste er mit seiner Bestimmung des Gewissens als autonomer Instanz und seiner Bundestheologie die "Nadere Reformatie (Nähere Reformation)" und gilt als Wegbereiter des reformierten Pietismus. Besonders Johannes Coccejus hat ihn in diesem Sinne aufgenommen. Obwohl er wegen seines unerwarteten Todes 1633 nicht mehr nach Neuengland auswandern konnte, haben seine Schriften in den puritanisch geprägten Kolonien eine große Verbreitung gefunden und starke Wirkung entfalten können. Der bekannte Erweckungsprediger Jonathan Edwards bezog sich in seinen Ausführungen oft auf Ames.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Coronis ad collationem Hagiensem, qua argumenta pastorum Hollandiae adversus Remonstrantium quinque articulos de divina praedestinatione, et capitibus ei adnexis, producta, ab horum exceptionibus vindicantur. Elzevir, Leiden 1618.
 Medulla theologica. Amsterdam 1623 (Englisch: The marrow of sacred divinity. London 1642; Neuausgabe: The marrow of theology. Baker Books, Grand Rapids, Michigan 1997).
 Bellarminus Enervatus, sive disputationes anti-Bellarminianae. Amsterdam 1628.
 De conscientia, et eius iure vel casibus : Libri quinque. Amsterdam 1630 (Deutsch: Von dem Recht deß Gewissens/ und Desselben begebenden Fällen : In V. Büchern verfasset. Endter, Nürnberg 1654; Englisch: Conscience with the power and cases thereof. 1639; Nachdruck Amsterdam [u. a.] : Theatrum Orbis Terratum [u. a.], 1975).
 The substance of Christian religion: or, A plain and easie draught of the Christian catechisme. London 1659 (Neuausgabe: A sketch of the Christian's catechism. Grand Rapids, Mich : Reformation Heritage Books, 2008)
 A fresh suit against human ceremonies in God's vvorship. [Rotterdam?], 1633 (Nachdruck: Springfield, Ill.: [Scholarly Repr.], 2000).
 The workes of the Reverend and faithfull minister of Christ, William Ames. John Rothwell, London 1643.
 A declaration of the witness of God manifested in me from my youth. S.l. 1656.

Literatur
Enzyklopädieartikel

 Martin Schmidt: Ames, William (1576-1633). In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie Bd. 2, 1978, S. 450–453.

 Thomas Kaufmann: Amesius, Guilielmus. In: Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. 4. Aufl., Band 1, 1998, Sp. 409.

Monographien und Aufsätze
 Karl Reuter: Wilhelm Amesius, der führende Theologe des erwachenden reformierten Pietismus. Buchhandlung des Erziehungsvereins, Moers [1940].
 Keith L. Sprunger: The Learned Doctor William Ames: Dutch Backgrounds of English and American Puritanism. University of Illinois Press, Urbana 1972.
 W. van 't Spijker: Guilielmus Amesius (1576- 1633). In: T. Brienen: De Nadere Reformatie en het Gereformeerd Pietisme. The Hague, 1989, S. 53–86.
 Robert C. Walton: The Visible Church A Mixed Body or a Gathered Church of Visible Saints. John Calvin and William Ames. In:  W. van 't Spijker (Hrsg.): Calvin: Erbe und Auftrag. Festschrift für Wilhelm Heinrich Neuser zum 65. Geburtstag. Kok Pahros, Kampen 1991, S. 168–178.

Weblinks
 Digitalisierte Drucke von William Ames in der Post-Reformation Digital Library
 William Ames (1576-1633). He was known and quoted in the colonies of the New World for his theology more than Calvin and Luther combined. Website apuritansmind.com (englisch)
 William Ames, English Theologian, Website britannica.com
 Danny Hyde: William Ames (1576-1633), 29. Februar 2016, Website reformation21.org

Einzelnachweise

Reformierter Theologe (17. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Franeker)
Puritaner
Sachbuchautor (Theologie)
Sachliteratur (Religion)
Engländer
Geboren 1576
Gestorben 1633
Mann
Person des Christentums (Niederlande)

William Ames


An Gymplatanthera borelii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni L.C.Lamb.. An Gymplatanthera borelii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gymplatanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha France. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gymplatanthera

Gymplatanthera borelii


Montpellier Üniversitesi (Fransızca: Université de Montpellier), Fransa'nın Montpellier kentinde kuruludur. Avrupa'nın en eski üniversitelerinden biri olan Montpellier Üniversitesi, resmi olarak 1289 yılında kurulmuştur. Papa IV. Nicholas yazılı emri ile tüm uzun süreli eğitim veren okulların bir üniversite altında birleştirilmesini istemiştir, böylece Montpellier Üniversitesi'nin temelleri atılmıştır.

Fransa'daki üniversiteler
Üniversite
1289'da kurulan oluşumlar
13. yüzyılda kurulan üniversiteler

Montpellier Üniversitesi


Scrisoarea Mariei Tănase este un film românesc din 1986 regizat de Laurențiu Damian.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1986 în film

Filme documentare românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1986
Filme regizate de Laurențiu Damian

Scrisoarea Mariei Tănase


හින්දුස්තානී ශාස්ත්‍රීය සංගීතය (හින්දි: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत, උර්දු: ہندوستانی شاستریہ سنگیت) යනු ලෝකයේ පවතින ප්‍රධාන සංගීත පද්ධති අතරින් එකකි. උතුරු ඉන්දියාව නොහොත් උත්තර හාරතය මූලික කරගනිමින් මෙය ආරම්භ වී ඈත. ක්‍රි.ව. 12 වනි ශත වර්ෂය පමණ කාලයේ ආරම්භවී ඈත. උතුරු ඉන්දියාව,දකුණු ඉන්දියාව, බංගලාදේශය, පාකිස්තානය ඈතුළුව දකුණු ආසියාව පුරාම මෙය පෑතිර ඈත. මෙය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදේ. එනම්; ඉන්දීය ශාස්ත්‍රීය සංගීතය හා කර්ණාටක සංගීතය යනුවෙනි. කර්ණාටක සංගීතය භාවිතා කරන්නේ දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ ය.

ඉතිහාසය

ලක්ෂණ

ඉතිහාසය

සංස්කෘත සම්ප්‍රදාය
දොළොස් වැනි සියවසේ දී පමණ, හින්දුස්ථානි සම්භාව්‍ය සංගීතය ප්‍රභවය වූූයේ පසුකාලීන ව ක්‍රමයෙන් "කර්ණාටික සම්භාව්‍ය සංගීතය"  ලෙස හැඳින්‌ෙන්න ට වුණු සංගීත සම්ප්‍රදායෙනි. හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතය මූළීක ව ම රාග යන් හි සකලාංගයන් වල වැඩි දියුණු කිරීම හා ප්‍රසාරණය කිරීම කෙරෙහි වැඩි අවධරණයක් යොමු කරන අතර කර්ණාටික සංගීතය මූළික ව ම සංගතීන්-පදනම් කර ගත්  (composition-based) එකකි. මේ සංගීත පද්ධතින් දෙකෙහි ම මධ්‍යගත සංකල්පය වන්නේ, ".තාල" නමැති රිද්මීය චක්‍රයක ට අනුව ගැයෙන  (notion) "සංගීත මාදිළිය"  (musical mode) ේ " රාග " යි.

න ට වුණු සංගීත සම්ප්‍රදායෙනි.  සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍ය සමයේ දී හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතයේ බලපෑම

නූතන යුගය

හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතයේ මූළධර්ම භාරතීය සංගීතයට ගාන සමය හදුන්වා දුන්නේ කවුද?

සංගීත සංගති

ධෘපද්

ඛ්‍යාල්

තාරානා

තප්පා

ථුම්රී

ඝසල්

සංගීත භාණ්ඩ

හින්දුස්තානී සංගීත භාණ්ඩ වර්ගීකරණය
උත්තර භාරතයට අයත් සංගීත භාණ්ඩ හින්දුස්තානී සංගීත භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය.හින්දුස්තානී සංගීත භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රධාන කොටස් 4කට බෙදා දැක්විය හැකිය.
1)තත් වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ
2)ඝන වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ
3)අවනද්ධ වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ
4)සුශිර වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ
01) තත් වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🎻
තත් හෙවත් කම්බි කම්පනය කිරීමෙන් නාදය උපදවා ගන්නා භාණ්ඩ තත් වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්වේ.ස්වර වාදනය කල හැකි මෙම භාණ්ඩ සුසර කර ගැනීමට යතුරු(pegs) භාවිතා කරයි.මෙම භාණ්ඩ වාදනය කිරීමට අලුවක් හෝ මිස්රාබයක් යොදා ගනී.උදාහරණ ලෙස,වයලීනය,සිතාරය,එස්රාජය,සන්තූර්,තාම්පුරාව,ස්වර මණ්ඩලය,සාරංගි,සරෝද්,දිල්රුබාව
02)ඝන වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🔔
ලෝහ වැනි ඝන ද්‍රව්‍ය ආධාරයෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවා ගන්නා භාණ්ඩ ඝන වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය.ලෝහ පෘෂ්ඨ දෙකක් එකට ඝට්ටනය වීමෙන් ශබ්දය උපදී.මේවායෙන් ස්වර වාදනය කල නොහැකි අතර තාලය පවත්වාගෙන යාමට මෙම භාණ්ඩ භාවිතා කරයි.උදාහරණ ලෙස,තාලම්පට,ජලතරංග,ගෙජ්ජි
03)අවනද්ධ වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🥁
සතුන්ගේ සම් යොදා ගෙන නිර්මාණය කරන භාණ්ඩ අවනද්ධ භාණ්ඩය ලෙස හැදින්වේ.සමට තැලීමෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවා ගන්නා මේවා තාලය පවත්වා ගැනීමට භාවිතා කරයි.උදාහරණ ලෙස,තබ්ලාව,ඩෝල්කිය,මද්දලය
04)සුශිර වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🎺
සුලගේ ආධාරයෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවා ගන්නා භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්වේ.වායු කදන් කම්පනය වීමෙන් නාදය උපදී.ස්වර වාදනය සදහා යොදා ගනී.උදාහරණ ලෙස,බටනලාව,ශෙනායි,සර්පිනාව,ශ්‍රැති පෙට්ටිය

උත්සව

තව දුරටත් බලන්න

විමර්ශන

වැඩිදුර කියවීමට

මෙම සංගීතයේ රාග විශේෂිත වූ අංගයක් වේ.
රාගයකදී ස්වර 5කට නොඅඩු යම් ස්වර සමුදායක් ආරෝහණ,අවරෝහණ ලෙස ගායනා කරයි.

රාග ඉපද වීමට හැකි විශේෂිතවූ ස්වර සමුදාය ථාටය,මේලය ලෙස හඳුන්වයි.
මෙවැනි මේල 10ක් පණ්ඩිත් විෂ්ණු නාරායන් භාත්ඛණ්ඩේ පඬිතුමා විසින් හඳුන්වා දී ඇත.

මේල 10

1. යමන් [කල්‍යාණ]
2. බිලාවල්
3. කාෆි
4. භෛරව
5. භෛරවී
6. ඛමාජ්
7. ආශාවරී
8. පූර්වී
9. මාර්වා
10.තෝඩි

බාහිර සබැඳුම්
<div class="references-small">
 ITC සංගීත පර්යේෂණය විද්‍යාලය
 Ragavani,  මාර්ගගත සංග්‍රහය  ඉන්දීය සම්භාවනීය සංගීතය සහ නර්තනය
 SurSadhana.com, A step by step and easy Hindustani classical music learning for everyone, site is in Hindi
 Imagination Concept in Indian Classical Music
 Patiala Gharana Classical Music Academy of Pakistan
 Comprehensive reference on raagas
 Patrick Moutal Indian Music Page
 Indian Music Research Material by Scholars
 සංගීතඥයන්ට ඉන්‍දීය සංගීතය: උපචාරාලය
 රංජන් පරික්කාර්ගේ Indian Music Articles
 Online තාම්පුරා වාදන (Very good tanpura recordings that are long in length. I have checked the tuning of the tanpura recordings with the program Finale Notepad. I found that the C# sa-pa is out of tune, but everything else is fine. I recommend using the Sa-Pa versions for better practice. Sa-Ma tunings are good for Ragas without a Pa or where the Ma is an important note. There is also a link on this page to more tanpura recordings. On the linked page, all the tanpura recordings starting with the name Shruti are out of tune according to Finale Notepad. All the ones that say 1 min or 8 min are in tune. All the recordings on this website are Sa-Pa.)
 Chandra and David Courtney's Indian Music Info Site
 Omenad, A website for Online Indian Music Education
 Musical Nirvana, A Site with biographies of musicians. Also info about instruments, Ragas and much more.
 Music India Online, a site to listen to Indian music and read articles
 SwarGanga, Indian classical music site. Has a raga and tala database with other interesting features
 A Dhrupad Site, giving information about Dhrupad and the Gundecha Brothers
 Sarangi.info, a site with Indian Vocal and Sarangi music audio files. The site also has articles, videos, and a gallery.
 Films Division, a site with Indian music documentaries. Search under the category "Music of India" and will get a listing of many videos to watch
 A software implementation of 22 Srutis with 12 Indian Classical Instruments
 Indian classical music
 Ragapedia, an online music notation editor for Sargam notation which also will create high quality western notation and midi from Sargam
Raga-Rupanjali. Ratna Publications: Varanasi. 2007. A collection of Compositions of Sangeetendu Dr. Lalmani Misra by Dr. Pushpa Basu.
 din, a software musical instrument for performing Indian classical music live
 tanarang.com, with information about various raags and some audio files

https://m.youtube.com/results?q=disidi+thiranjaya
හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතය
සංගීතය
ඉන්දියාව

හින්දුස්තානී ශාස්ත්‍රීය සංගීතය


François Goussault, né le  à Allonnes et mort le  à Nantes, est un militaire français, Compagnon de la Libération. Pilote de l'Armée de l'air, il choisit de sa rallier à la france libre en 1940 et participe au combats de la seconde guerre mondiale en Afrique, au Proche-Orient et en Europe. Il poursuit sa carrière militaire quelques années après la guerre avant de travailler pour l'aviation civile.

Biographie

Jeunesse et engagement

Fils d'officier, François Goussault naît le 27 mai 1909 à Allonnes, dans la Sarthe. Après des études au collège des Jésuites Sainte-Croix du Mans, il décide de suivre les traces familiales en s'engageant dans l'armée. Passionné d'aviation et ayant déjà obtenu un brevet de pilote civil, il choisit l'Armée de l'air et est breveté comme pilote militaire en 1929. Spécialisé dans la chasse aérienne, il est promu sergent en septembre 1930 et affecté successivement à Strasbourg et à Saint-Cyr-l'École. Sous-lieutenant en septembre 1936, François Goussault demande à être muté en Afrique. Il obtient satisfaction en novembre 1938 en étant affecté en Afrique-Équatoriale française (AEF) avec le grade de lieutenant.

Seconde Guerre mondiale

En poste à Brazzaville lorsque débute la seconde guerre mondiale, François Goussault demande à être muté en métropole afin de combattre mais voit sa demande rejetée. Au moment de l'armistice du 22 juin 1940, il commande l'escadrille de Douala et est responsable de la défense des côtes. Refusant la défaite, il participe au ralliement du Cameroun à la France libre en accueillant le commandant Leclerc le 27 août 1940. Son ralliement au général de Gaulle lui vaudra d'être condamné à mort par le régime de Vichy en avril 1941. Chargé d'inspecter les terrains d'aviation d'AEF de septembre à décembre 1940 dans le but de les réaménager au profit des aviations françaises et alliées, il manifeste à nouveau son désir d'être affecté à une unité combattante. En février 1941, promu capitaine, il est muté au groupe de bombardement  et part pour l'Égypte où il suit un stage de formation sur bombardier Blenheim à Ismaïlia. Il participe ensuite à la guerre du désert dans le ciel de Libye puis à la campagne de Syrie.

En octobre 1941, il est muté au groupe de bombardement Lorraine dont il prend le commandement de l'escadrille Nancy. À nouveau engagé en Libye, il réalise une trentaine de missions de guerre. Détaché en juin 1942 comme aide de camp du général Valin venu inspecter les forces aériennes à Brazzaville, il repart pour Londres avec celui-ci et est nommé chef du  bureau de l'état-major des forces aériennes françaises libres (FAFL). En octobre 1943, il tombe malade et est contraint au repos pendant plusieurs mois. Il est finalement réaffecté au groupe Lorraine qui a entretemps été déplacé en Angleterre. Devenu commandant adjoint du groupe, il effectue treize missions de guerre au-dessus des territoires occupés par le  Reich. En novembre 1944, il est à nouveau affecté à l'état-major des FAFL et, chargé des futures réformes des écoles d'aviation française, effectue des stages d'observation dans les unités de formation de la Royal Air Force (RAF).

Après-Guerre

Après la guerre, il est affecté à Bordeaux en tant qu'officier de liaison auprès de la délégation de la RAF puis il occupe la même fonction au sein de l'Ambassade du Royaume-Uni en France. Titulaire d'un brevet de l'école de guerre de la RAF, il est ensuite affecté à la direction des études de l'École militaire à Paris. Promu lieutenant-colonel en novembre 1947, il prend sa retraite militaire en 1950 et travaille ensuite comme représentant d'une compagnie d'aviation civile britannique.

François Goussault meurt le 11 septembre 1984 à Nantes et est inhumé dans sa ville natale.

Décorations

Hommage
Dans sa ville natale d'Allonnes, une rue a été baptisée en son honneur.

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

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Articles connexes

 Ordre de la Libération
 Libération de la France

Liens externes

Résistant français
Officier des Forces aériennes françaises libres
Aviateur français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Compagnon de la Libération
Titulaire de la croix de guerre 1939-1945
Titulaire de la médaille coloniale
Naissance en mai 1909
Naissance dans la Sarthe
Décès en septembre 1984
Décès à Nantes
Décès à 75 ans

François Goussault


محمد سليمان عبد العزيز العمر (1959-....) اقتصادي كويتي. المدير التنفيذي لبيت التمويل الكويتي

نشأته
بدأ مشواره الدراسي في مدرسة الغزالي الابتدائية وثم مدرسة الشويخ المتوسطة وتخرج من ثانوية كيفان. أكمل تعليمه الجامعي في جامعة تشاب مان كولج (كاليفورنيا) وحصل على بكالوريوس في الاقتصاد عام 1986. وبدأ مشواره المهني في شركة لؤلؤة الكويت العقارية ثم انتقل إلى بيت التمويل الكويتي عام 1992 بوظيفة نائب مدير إدارة العقار الدولي. وتدرج في المناصب حتى أصبح مساعد المدير العام لقطاع الاستثمار (1999-2005) وثم نائب المدير العام (2005-2006) وأخيراً مدير عام بيت التمويل الكويتي (2006). كما يرأس مجلس إدارة بيت التمويل الكويتي في تركيا (بيتك-تركيا) منذ 1999.

مناصب أخرى شغلها
 الرئيس التنفيذي لشركة المنار للتمويل والإجارة
 رئيس مجلس الإدارة والعضو المنتدب في شركة المثنى للاستثمار
 رئيس مجلس إدارة مجموعة عارف الاستثمارية

شهادات التقدير
 حصل على شهادة تقدير من رئيس وزراء تركيا رجب طيب أردوغان لدوره كرئيس لبيتك – تركيا في دعم الاقتصاد التركي
 أطلقت عليه مجلة فوربس وصف «ابن رشد» الإسلامي

المراجع
 حمزة عليان. وجه في الأحداث:ابن «البيت» سفيراً للبنوك الإسلامية لدى الغرب. جريدة القبس الكويتية.العدد 12483 2 مارس 2008 – 24 صفر1429

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
اقتصاديون كويتيون
مواليد 1959
مواليد في مدينة الكويت

محمد سليمان العمر


Rolf Christian Slot-Henriksen (født Hinrichsen 24. august 1951 i Hamborg-Altona, død 3. maj 2012 i Barcelona) var sognepræst i Bredballe og grundlægger af Grundlovsforeningen Dansk Kultur, som han var formand for frem til sin død.

Rolf Slot-Henriksen blev født og voksede op i Hamborg-Altona som dansksproget ved siden af tysk. Yngste søn af Gunver Hinrichsen, og arkitekten dr. Laurentius Hinrichsen, og hans ældre bror var prof. dr. Torkild Hinrichsen (født 17. marts 1948), der i en årrække ledede Altona Museum.  Efter studentereksamen blev Slot-Henriksen syg med hjerteproblemer samt med alvorlig tuberkulose, så han indgik en aftale med Gud om, at han ville tjene Gud resten af sit liv, hvis han blev helbredt. Og han blev helbredt og besluttede derfor at blive præst.
Efter studentereksamen studerede han teologi i Aarhus 1970-1974, herunder også 3 semestre med bifaget psykologi.
Efter at han var blevet cand.theol. som 24-årig, var han i to år præst i de sønderjyske sogne Magstrup, Vojens og Jegerup, inden han i 1977 blev sognepræst i Bredballe Sogn, hvor han var en meget vellidt og afholdt præst, hvor troen på Gud betød alt. Han gik på efterløn i efteråret 2011. Søndag 27. november 2011 holdt han sin yderst velbesøgte afskedsgudstjeneste og udtalte bagefter: "Vi må da håbe, at der er bedre plads i Guds rige, end der er i Bredballe Kirke".

I 1980'erne var Rolf Slot-Henriksen en af de mest fremtrædende personer i Danmark under den såkaldte "AIDS-kampagne", hvor han var imod, at man opfordrede til fri sex, så længe man blot brugte prævention.  På familieområdet kunne man se Rolf Slot-Henriksen og hans øvrige familie aktive i hele landet med dukketeater: "Familieteateret Det Gule Lyn", som opførte stykker lige fra "Konen i muddergrøften" til "Den 4. Hellig-tre konge".

Samtidig med at Rolf Slot-Henriksen kom til Bredballe, begyndte han at forske i nærdødsoplevelser, og han har skrevet flere bøger om emnet. Han så de kunstige faggrænser nedbrudt mellem det åndelige og det fysisk-videnskabelige. Skellet mellem videnskaberne så han som noget kunstigt, der var frembragt gennem materialismens ideologisk-ateïstiske koncept. Han har holdt flere hundrede foredrag om emnet, og han udgav bøgerne Dødsoplevelsen, bind 1-2 (1984), En god død (1985) og Der er mere mellem himmel og jord (1990). Fra hans produktive pen foreligger også: Kristen meditation i 2000 år (1982) foruden talrige artikler.

I 1999 tog han initiativ til foreningen Dansk Kultur, som med tiden fik det udvidede navn Grundlovsforeningen Dansk Kultur, idet foreningen skulle virke til værn om grundloven af 1953 og de værdier, der udspringer af den kristne kulturarv. Fremmes og værnes skal dansk kultur, demokrati, sprog, historie, bygningskunst og den danske sang m.v.
Derved er foreningen også blevet en medspiller i kampen mod islamisering, da de mener islam ikke er forenelig med dansk kultur.

Rolf Slot-Henriksen satte sig grundigt ind i islam og skrev den meget benyttede  Korankommentaren (2002) om Koranens tilblivelse, lovgivning og afhængighed af Bibelen. Han oprettede islaminfo.dk og skrev en halv snes bøger om islam.

I 2003 var Rolf Slot-Henriksen medforfatter til Danmarks Kulturerklæring, som han betragtede som et væsentligt manifest, der skulle medvirke til at standse en katastrofal udvikling, der ville undergrave Vesten, vor kultur og vort hidtil homogene samfund og føre til stadigt stigende uro. Første punkt lyder: Vort folk har ret til at værne om sin kultur.

Siden 2005 illustrerede og registrerede Rolf Slot-Henriksen Danmarks vikinge- og bronzealderdesign i form af pennetegninger. Han skrev også digte og beskæftigede sig med malerkunst og kalkmalerier. På tysk har han skrevet Steinzeichnungen in Skandinavien, bind 1-3, om helleristninger.

Rolf Slot-Henriksen døde uventet og uden yderligere sygdom af et hjertestop på et hotelværelse under et ferieophold i Barcelona, hvor han ferierede sammen med sin kone, Annette Præstegaard.

Kilder
  RCSH's personlige hjemmeside (CV mv)
 Vejle Amts Folkeblad, 28. november 2011, s. 6 (afskedsgudstjenesten)
 www.danskkultur.dk  (Grundlovsforeningen Dansk Kultur)
 www.islaminfo.dk  (oplysninger om islam og koranen)
 www.bibliotek.dk  (produktion af bøger og artikler)
  www.medie1.dk/prd037dk.htm (mindeudsendelser)

Præster fra Danmark
Foreningsformænd fra Danmark
Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
Faglitterære forfattere fra Danmark
Debattører fra Danmark
Personer fra Altona

Rolf Slot-Henriksen


Nowra () is a city in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located  south-southwest of the state capital of Sydney (about  as the crow flies). As of the 2021 census, Nowra has an estimated population of 22,584. Situated in the southern reaches of the Sydney basin, Nowra is the seat and commercial centre of the City of Shoalhaven.

The region around Nowra is a farming community with a thriving dairy industry and a significant amount of state-owned forest land. It is also an increasingly popular retirement and leisure area for people from Canberra and Sydney. The naval air station HMAS Albatross is located about  south-west of Nowra.

History

Prior to European arrival, the part of the Nowra region south of the Shoalhaven river was inhabited by the Wandi-Wandandian tribe of the Yuin nation, while the region north of Shoalhaven was inhabited by the Dharawal people.  The name Nowra, originally written by Europeans as 'nou-woo-ro' (pronounced Nowa Nowa by the Indigenous Australians of the area), is an Aboriginal word for the black cockatoo.

Circa 1824, ex-convict Mary Reibey applied for a land grant in the Burrier area, on the southern side of the Shoalhaven River. The Nowra township was officially recognized in 1852. Less than ten years later, in 1861, a postal service was established. In 1861, the racehorse Archer, which was trained in Nowra by Etienne de Mestre, won the first Melbourne Cup. Nowra was declared a town in 1885 and a city in 1979.

A major landmark in the area is the house Bundanon, which renowned Australian artist Arthur Boyd and his wife Yvonne donated to the people of Australia in 1993 along with an adjoining property that had been previously owned by Boyd's brother-in-law, the equally famous Australian artist Sidney Nolan. Bundanon began as a single-storey weatherboard structure built around 1840. In 1866, a two-storey sandstone house, made of locally quarried stone, was built immediately in front of the original weatherboard house. The sandstone house features timber verandas and is now listed on the Register of the National Estate.

Heritage listings
Nowra has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Pleasant Way: Graham Lodge
 35 West Street: Meroogal

Geography
Along the north of Nowra is the Shoalhaven River, which formerly hosted the Australian National wakeboarding championships and is a popular fishing location. The Nowra Bridge connects it to North Nowra and Bomaderry. The Shoalhaven River is a saltwater river, although it does not flow into the sea. The Shoalhaven River meets the sea through the canal that joins the Shoalhaven and Crookhaven Rivers, which was dug by convicts under the direction of local entrepreneur and pioneer Alexander Berry.

Climate
Nowra has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) under the Köppen climate classification. This makes it the southernmost city on the coastal strip to be within this climate zone. Interestingly, nearby coastal cities to the north, such as Wollongong and Kiama, are not in this zone and instead have an oceanic climate (Cfb) because their warmest month's average temperature do not reach the 22 °C threshold. Due to its position on the leeward side of the Great Dividing Range, Nowra experiences a foehn effect, particularly in late winter and spring.

Demographics
According to the 2021 census, Nowra has a population of 22,584. This covers suburbs only south of the Shoalhaven River. The population is slightly younger than the state and country as a whole, with an average age of 37 compared to 38 for both Australia and New South Wales. However, the population is bimodally distributed, with a larger percentage of children and the elderly than the state and national averages. 79.7% of the population were born in Australia and 82.1% speak only English at home, both above the state and national averages.

Nowra has a lower level of tertiary education than typical for the state and nation. Only 15% of the population of Nowra hold a tertiary qualification, compared to 23.3% of Australia and 23.8% of New South Wales.

The top five reported ancestries in Nowra at the 2021 census were Australian (40.9%), English (37.7%), Australian Aboriginal (10%), Irish (9.5%), and Scottish (8.3%). Most (63%) people had both parents born in Australia, higher than the state and national averages.

The population of the suburb of Nowra (central Nowra) at the 2021 census was 9,956. The Australian Bureau of statistics also recognises a larger built-up area including suburbs north of the Shoalhaven, North Nowra-Bomaderry, which had a population of 16,098 at the 2021 census.

Economy
Nowra Town Hall was built in 1948 and is in the Central Business District. This district contains many services, including banks, health services and a library.

Nowra has a growing tourist industry, especially in the summer months, when visitors (mostly from Sydney and Canberra) flock to the beaches to enjoy swimming, surfing, fishing, shopping, and relaxing in the restaurants and cafés.

Nowra sits in the Shoalhaven region, where there are several vineyards.

Education
Nowra has three public high schools: Nowra High School, Shoalhaven High School and Bomaderry High School. There are also several non-government schools, all of which are religiously affiliated:
 Nowra Christian School: a K–12 Christian-based school located in South Nowra
 Nowra Anglican College: a K–12 Anglican college in Bomaderry
 St John the Evangelist Catholic High School: a Catholic systemic high school on the outskirts of Nowra, affiliated with St Michael's Catholic Primary School in Nowra

There are seven public primary schools in the Nowra area: East Nowra Public School, Nowra Public School, Bomaderry Public School, Illaroo Road Public School, North Nowra Public School, Nowra Hill Public School, and Terara Public School.

The University of Wollongong has a campus in Nowra, and there is a campus of TAFE NSW Illawarra Institute in Bomaderry.

Health
There are two hospitals in Nowra: the Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital, which is a hub for oncology services, and Nowra Private Hospital.

Sports

The four major codes of football in Australia are all popular in the Nowra area. Rugby union is represented by the Shoalhaven Rugby Club, who play out of Rugby Park in South Nowra. The club won the 2008 premiership in the Illawarra district competition, and has produced international and provincial players such as Andrew Walker and Alex Kanaar.  Australian rules football is played by three clubs from the Shoalhaven area, with the Nowra Albatross Vikings playing at West Street Oval and the Bomaderry Tigers at Artie Smith Oval. Further south, the Bay and Basin Bombers play at the Leisure Centre at Vincentia. These four clubs are all members of the South Coast AFL, fielding junior and senior teams.  Rugby league was traditionally represented by the Nowra Warriors and Bomaderry Swamprats. However, at the end of 2007 these teams merged to form the Shoalhaven Jets Rugby League Football Club.

The Shoalhaven Mariners were established in 2006 and represent the area in the sport of baseball. The team plays home matches out of Fred Finch Park in Berkeley, Wollongong. Baseball has a new venue at the South Nowra Soccer Complex. The Shoalhaven Tigers represent the area in the New South Wales State Basketball League and have won several championships from 1988 until 2007.

Archer was an Australian thoroughbred racehorse trained in the Nowra area who won the first and the second Melbourne Cups in 1861 and 1862. He won both Cups by a significant margin. Archer is one of only five horses to have won the Melbourne Cup on two or more occasions, and one of only four horses to have won two successive Cups.

Public transport

Nowra Coaches operates services from Nowra to Bomaderry, Huskisson, Vincentia and Jervis Bay. Shoal Bus operates services from Nowra to Berry, Gerringong and Sussex Inlet. Premier Motor Service operates express services along the Princes Highway from Sydney to Eden that call at Nowra.

Nowra has no direct rail connection, but the Illawarra railway line terminates at nearby Bomaderry railway station with NSW TrainLink operating services to Kiama and Sydney.

Notable people

 Arthur Boyd, artist
 Tony Branson, Australian rugby league international
 Deborah Cheetham, Indigenous Australian opera singer.
 Ian Davis, Australian cricket international
 Jeff Dowdell, basketball (Cairns Taipans) player
 Adam Federici, football (soccer) player
 Christie Hayes, actress
 Blake Horton, football (soccer) player
 William Kamm, also known as 'Little Pebble', disgraced religious leader
 Nic Maddinson, cricketer
 Bruce McGuire, Australian rugby league international & NSW State of Origin player
 Frank Moorhouse, writer
 Michael O'Connor, dual international rugby league & union player
 Ashley Paske, actor. Appeared in Neighbours (1989–1991).
 Karen Phillips, swimmer
 Rodney Rude, comedian
 Arron Spiessberger-Parker, 1500m runner
 Jim Stanbury, World Professional Sculling Champion 1891–1896 and 1905–1906.
 Rohan Taylor, national swimming coach
 Corey Tutt, founder of DeadlyScience
 Andrew Walker, dual international rugby league & union player

Attractions
 Shoalhaven Regional Gallery
 Fleet Air Arm Museum

References

External links

 Shoalhaven City Council
 VISITNSW.com – Nowra

City of Shoalhaven
Towns in New South Wales
Towns in the South Coast (New South Wales)
Populated places established in 1852
1852 establishments in Australia

Nowra


Usserød Klædefabrik (også kendt under navnet Den Kongelige Klædefabrik) blev oprindelig anlagt 1791 af et privat interessentskab som et valseværk og en klædefabrik (det "gamle Værk"). Men den dreves med tab trods gentagne understøttelser fra regeringen, og da man forgæves havde søgt at sælge den ved auktion, overtog regeringen den i 1802, hvorefter den udvidedes betydeligt; i 1809 forandredes den til en kommis-klædefabrik til hærens forsyning, og der tilkøbtes efterhånden forskellige ejendomme, nemlig det "nye Værk", der var anlagt 1794–95 som en bomuldsfabrik, ligeledes af privatmænd, Brønsholmsdals fabrikker og Usserød vandmølle; ved reskript af 6. juli 1811 henlagdes alle værkerne under General-Land-Økonomi- og Kommercekollegiets bestyrelse; i 1814, da værket stod på sit højdepunkt, beskæftigede det over 700 arbejdere. Nogle år efter tog dog driften af; det blev efterhånden underlagt forskellige bestyrelser og indskrænkedes (1841 bortsolgtes således Brønsholms fabrikker), og endelig henlagdes det 1848 umiddelbart under Krigsministeriet; det fortsattes stadig for statskassens regning med udvidelser af bygninger og materiel (det hele jordtilliggende udgjorde omtrent 115 tønder land skyldsat til 11¾ tønder hartkorn og en produktion var omkring år 1900 årligt omtrent 125.000 alen til en værdi af omkring 550.000 kr., med henved 120 arbejdere, som foruden i munderingsklæder til hær og flåde bestod i klæde til andre myndigheder og private, samt i hestedækkener og sengetæpper.

Eksterne henvisninger
J.P. Trap: Kongeriget Danmark; 3. Udgave 2. Bind: Frederiksborg, Kjøbenhavns, Holbæk, Sorø og Præstø Amter; Kjøbenhavn 1898; s. 71

Beklædningsvirksomheder i Danmark
Danske virksomheder etableret i 1791

Usserød Klædefabrik


ماروك فيلم مغربي إنتاج 2005 للمخرجة ليلى مراكشي في أول تجربة إخراجية لها، الفيلم الذي خلق جدلاً كبيراً في الأوساط السينمائية المغربية يتناول التسامح الاجتماعي الذي تحظى به الجالية اليهودية المغربية الأكبر في دولة عربية وتعايشها مع باقي الأديان السائدة في المغرب كالإسلام، بقصة أصدقاء من الطبقة الميسورة في حي آنفا الراقي بمدينة الدار البيضاء يدرسون معا رغم اختلاف عرقهم (يهود - عرب) يسهرون معا يسوقون السيارات الفارهة معا دون تمييز عنصري، ولكن حن تغرم غيثا المسلمة (تلعب دورها مرجانة العلوي) بيوري اليهودي (يلعب دوره ماثيو بوجناح)، تطفو على السطح مشاكل عدم قبول التعايش مع إنسان من دين مختلف فأصدقاء يوري رفضوا ذلك، وأسرة غيثا أيضا التي تلقت النقد من أخيها الملتزم الذي يعيش في لندن ماو (يلعب دوره أسعد بواب)، فتطلب غيثا من يوري حلا مستحيل التحقيق لوضعهما وهو اعتناقه الإسلام الأمر الذي تناساه وتوفي إثر حادثة سير وهو مخمور لتننتهي العلاقة بينهما، الفيلم إضافة لمشاكل التعايش بين لنا مظهرا آخر لمدينة الدار البيضاء بعيدا عن الأحياء الشعبية ومساكن المهمشين حيث اقتحم الأحياء الميسورة للمدينة التي يعيش ساكنتها في فيلات فخمة حياة البذخ والعيش وفق نمط غربي بعيد كل البعد عن العادات الإسلامية لبلد إسلامي كالمغرب. وقد استغرق تصوير الفيلم 6 أسابيع بطاقم شاب يخوض غمار فيلم سينمائي لأول مرة.
ماروك يعتبر واحدا من فيليمن عربيين أدرجا ضمن المسابقة الرسمية لمهرجان كان سنة 2005.

البطاقة التقنية
 العنوان : Marock
 الإخراج : ليلى مراكشي
 سيناريو : ليلى مراكشي
 الإنتاج : ستفاني كاريراس وادلين اوكاليي
 الموسيقى : شارل هنريدي بييرفو وماتيو دوجلاي
 التصوير : ماكسيم الكسندر
 مساعد إخراج : علي الشرقاوي
 المزنتاج : باسكال فونويي
 الديكور : جان مارك تران تا با
 الازياء : ايما بلوك وهلين بيسيتيل وكليمونتين جويا
 بلد الاصل : المغرب
 النوعية : الالوان - 2,35:1 - دولبي ديجيتال - 35mm
 النوع : الكوميديا السوداء، رومانسية
 المدة : 105 دقيقة
 أول عرض : 20 ماي 2005 (مهرجان كان), 15 فبراير 2006 (فرنسا), 22 فبراير 2006 (بلجيكا), 10 ماي 2006 (المغرب)

وصلات خارجية

أفلام باللغة العربية
أفلام دراما إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام عن يهود مغاربة
أفلام فرنسية
أفلام مغربية إنتاج 2005
أفلام من إخراج ليلى مراكشي
الدار البيضاء
اليهود واليهودية في المغرب

ماروك (فيلم)


Andrijala (lat. Andryala), manji biljni rod iz porodice glavočika. Pripada mu 20 vrsta rasprostranjenih na području Europe, Male Azije i sjeverne Afrike.

Vrste

 Andryala agardhii Haens. ex DC.
 Andryala arenaria (DC.) Boiss. & Reut.
 Andryala atlanticola H.Lindb.
 Andryala × brievaensis García Adá
 Andryala × caballeroi Font Quer
 Andryala chevallieri Barratti ex L.Chevall.
 Andryala christii G.Kunkel
 Andryala cossyrensis Guss.
 Andryala crithmifolia Aiton
 Andryala dentata Sm.
 Andryala × estremadurensis Talavera & M.Talavera
 Andryala × faurei Maire & Maire
 Andryala glandulosa Lam.
 Andryala integrifolia L.
 Andryala laevitomentosa (Nyár. ex Sennikov) Greuter
 Andryala maroccana (Caball.) Maire
 Andryala nigricans Poir.
 Andryala perezii M.Z.Ferreira, R.Jardim, Alv.Fern. & M.Seq.
 Andryala pinnatifida Aiton
 Andryala ragusina L.
 Andryala rothia Pers.
 Andryala spartioides Pomel ex Batt. & Trab.
 Andryala tenuifolia (Tineo) DC.
 Andryala × toletana Talavera & M.Talavera
 Andryala webbii Sch.Bip. ex Webb & Berthel.

Sinonimi
 Forneum Adans.
 Paua Caball.
 Pietrosia Nyár.
 Rothia Schreb.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Hieraciinae

Andrijala


I Solisti Veneti is an Italian chamber orchestra founded in Padua in 1959 by Claudio Scimone. Since 2019, the Musical Director has been Giuliano Carella, and since 2020 he has also been Artistic Director.

Background

The ensemble was directed by Scimone until his last concert on 2 September 2018; he died on 6 September. I Solisti Veneti made a reputation especially with Italian Baroque music, recording many works by Antonio Vivaldi, Tomaso Albinoni, Francesco Geminiani, Benedetto Marcello and Giuseppe Tartini.

I Solisti Veneti has toured the world, playing over 6,000 concerts in over ninety countries, in places as diverse as Salzburg and Seoul.

As part of its 50th anniversary celebrations in 2008 the European Parliament honoured the Orchestra with an official plaque where they are praised as "Ambassadors of culture and music across the borders". In April 2018 they gave a concert at the Embassy of Italy, Washington, DC.

Collaborations
The ensemble has recorded with many world-famous artists, including Salvatore Accardo, Plácido Domingo, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Marilyn Horne, James Galway, Mstislav Rostropovich, Sviatoslav Richter, Paul Badura-Skoda, Heinz Holliger and Ugo Orlandi.

Recordings
The group has made over 350 recordings, many on the Erato record label, others on RCA, Sony, Arts, etc. A number of these were first-ever recordings of works of Vivaldi, Albinoni and Rossini. However the repertoire of the orchestra is very wide and extends from 1585 (Giovanni Bassano) up to  many works written  in 2017. More than 70 composers of our times have dedicated works for Claudio Scimone and his Orchestra such as Bussotti, Donatoni, R.Malipiero, L.Chailly, Guaccero, Morricone, Constant, De Pablo, De Marzi, Cadario, Campogrande, Lucio Dalla, Donaggio and many women composers.

I Solisti Veneti has recorded for television and movies. The ensemble has won numerous awards including a Grammy (Los Angeles, 1980), three 'Grand Prix du Disque.' (Académie Charles Cros and Acadèmie du Disque Lyrique). They won the first prize in the original countest of Festivalbar 1970 (juke box recordings) with 350,000 votes of young listeners.

List of members (2017)

Giuliano Carmignola, Piero Toso, Lucio Degani are three soloists who have played in the ensemble.

The orchestra is drawn from a pool of freelance players, in 2017 regularly featuring the following:

 Conductor: Claudio Scimone
 Principal violin: Lucio Degani
 Violins: Chiara Parrini, Francesco Comisso, Enzo Ligresti, Michelangelo Lentini, Walter Daga, Marco Bronzi
 Violas: Giancarlo Di Vacri, Silvestro Favero, Fabio Merlini
 Violoncello: Gianantonio Viero, Giuseppe Barutti, Ludovico Armellini
 Double bass: Gabriele Ragghianti
 Flute : Clementine Hoogendoorn
 Oboe : Paolo Grazia, Rossana Calvi, Silvano Scanziani (all principals)
 Clarinet : Lorenzo Guzzoni, Enricomaria Bassan
 Bassoon : Roberto Giaccaglia, Christian Maria Galasso
 Trumpet : Roberto Rigo
 Hapsichord and Organ : Silvio Celeghin, Fabio Merlini

References

External links
I Solisti Veneti official website
Excerpt of book about I Solisti Veneti, at official website
list of "Edizioni de I Solisti Veneti"
Page for I Solisti Veneti, bbc.co.uk/music/artists with 26 featured tracks

Musical groups established in 1959
Italian orchestras
Early music orchestras
Erato Records artists
1959 establishments in Italy

I Solisti Veneti


Antonije Pušić (14 de junio de 1963 en Kotor, Montenegro, antigua Yugoslavia), cuyo nombre artístico es Rambo Amadeus, es un cantautor montenegrino afincado en Belgrado, famoso en toda la antigua Yugoslavia. Se autodenomina "músico, poeta, y manipulador de los medios de comunicación".

Sus canciones combinan letras satíricas sobre la naturaleza de la gente corriente y la futilidad de la política nacional. Mezcla distintos géneros musicales como el rock (que ha evolucionado hacia el drum and bass) con ironía autoconsciente. Su propio nombre artístico alude a John Rambo y Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. En sus conciertos no se suelen repetir sus canciones tal como están editadas, sino que se mezcla música improvisada con humor crudo sobre todos los aspectos de la naturaleza humana. Algunos de sus fanes comparan su trayectoria artística con la de Frank Zappa o Captain Beefheart.

Representó a Montenegro en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 2012 que se celebró en Bakú, Azerbaiyán por elección de la radio-televisión pública RTCG. con la canción Euro Neuro

Discografía

Álbumes de estudio

 1988 - O tugo jesenja, PGP RTB
 1989 - Hoćemo gusle, PGP RTB
 1991 - Psihološko propagandni komplet M-91, PGP RTB
 1995 - Muzika za decu, B92
 1996 - Mikroorganizmi, Komuna
 1997 - Titanik, Komuna
 1998 - Metropolis B (tour-de-force), B92
 2000 - Don't happy, be worry, Metropolis (Publicado como Čobane vrati se en Eslovenia y Croacia por Dallas Records)
 2005 - Oprem Dobro, B92
 2008 - Hipishizik Metafizik, PGP RTS
 2015 - Vrh Dna,  Mascom Records

EP

 2008 - Yes No, Hip Son Music/Tunecore

Álbumes en vivo

 1993 - Kurac, Pička, Govno, Sisa, Gema & DE
 1998 - Koncert u KUD France Prešeren, Vinilmanija
 2004 - Bolje jedno vruće pivo nego četri ladna, Metropolis

Recopilatorios

 1994 - Izabrana dela, PGP RTS
 1998 - Zbrana dela 1, Vinilmanija
 1998 - Zbrana dela 2, Vinilmanija

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Kotor
Cantantes de Montenegro
Participantes en Eurovisión 2012
Representantes de Montenegro en Eurovisión

Rambo Amadeus


Maxime Roubinet (ayant aussi signé comme Max, Maxime et Max Roubinet ; 1926-2020), dessinateur français de bandes dessinées ;
 Sébastien Roubinet (1973-), aventurier, explorateur et navigateur français ;
 Emma Roubinet (vers 1995-), joueuse française de rugby à XV.

Roubinet