Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tauricheski () was a Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman, and favourite of Catherine the Great. He died during negotiations over the Treaty of Jassy, which ended a war with the Ottoman Empire that he had overseen.

Potemkin was born into a family of middle-income noble landowners. He first attracted Catherine's favor for helping in her 1762 coup, then distinguished himself as a military commander in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). He became Catherine's lover, favorite and possibly her consort. After their passion cooled, he remained her lifelong friend and favored statesman. Catherine obtained for him the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and gave him the title of Prince of the Russian Empire among many others: he was both a Grand Admiral and the head of all of Russia's land and irregular forces. Potemkin's achievements include the peaceful annexation of the Crimea (1783) and the successful second Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792).

In 1775, Potemkin became the governor-general of Russia's new southern provinces. An absolute ruler, he worked to colonize the wild steppes, controversially dealing firmly with the Cossacks who lived there. He founded the towns of Kherson, Nikolayev, Sevastopol, and Ekaterinoslav. Ports in the region became bases for his new Black Sea Fleet.

His rule in the south is associated with the (probably mythical) "Potemkin village", a ruse involving the construction of painted façades to mimic real villages, full of happy, well-fed people, for visiting officials to see. Potemkin was known for his love of women, gambling and material wealth. He oversaw the construction of many historically significant buildings, including the Tauride Palace in Saint Petersburg.

Biography

Early life
A distant relative of the Muscovite diplomat Pyotr Potemkin (1617–1700), Grigory was born in the village of Chizhovo near Smolensk into a family of middle-income noble landowners.
His father, Alexander Potemkin, was a decorated war veteran. His mother Daria Vasilievna Kondyreva (1704-1780) was "good-looking, capable and intelligent", though their marriage proved ultimately unhappy. Potemkin received his first name in honour of his father's cousin Grigory Matveevich Kizlovsky, a civil servant who became his godfather. Historian Simon Montefiore has suggested that Kizlovsky fathered Potemkin, who became the centre of attention, heir to the village and the only son among six children. As the son of an (albeit petty) noble family, he grew up with the expectation that he would serve the Russian Empire.

After Alexander died in 1746, Daria took charge of the family. In order to achieve a career for her son, and aided by Kizlovsky, the family moved to Moscow, where Potemkin enrolled at a gymnasium school attached to the University of Moscow. The young Potemkin became adept at languages and interested in the Russian Orthodox Church. He enlisted in the army in 1750 at age eleven, in accordance with the custom of noble children. In 1755 a second inspection placed him in the élite Horse Guards regiment.

Having graduated from the university school, Potemkin became one of the first students to enroll at the university itself. Talented in both Greek and theology, he won the university's gold medal in 1757 and became part of a twelve-student delegation sent to Saint Petersburg later that year. The trip seems to have affected Potemkin: afterwards he studied little and was soon expelled. Faced with isolation from his family, he rejoined the Guards, where he excelled. At this time his net worth amounted to 430 souls (serfs), equivalent to that of the poorer gentry. His time was taken up with "drinking, gambling, and promiscuous lovemaking", and he fell deep in debt.

Grigory Orlov, one of Catherine's lovers, led a palace coup in June 1762 that ousted the Emperor Peter III and enthroned Catherine II. Sergeant Potemkin represented his regiment in the revolt. Allegedly, as Catherine reviewed her troops in front of the Winter Palace before their march to the Peterhof, she lacked a sword-knot (or possibly hat plumage), which Potemkin quickly supplied. Potemkin's horse then appeared to refuse to leave her side for several minutes before Potemkin and the horse returned to the ranks.

After the coup, Catherine singled out Potemkin for reward and ensured his promotion to second lieutenant. Though Potemkin was among those guarding the ex-Tsar, it appears that he had no direct involvement in Peter's murder in July. Catherine promoted him again to Kammerjunker (gentleman of the bedchamber), though he retained his post in the Guards. Potemkin was soon formally presented to the Empress as a talented mimic; his imitation of her was well received.

Courtier and general
Although Catherine had not yet taken Potemkin as a lover, it seems likely that she passively—if not actively—encouraged his flirtatious behaviour, including his regular practice of kissing her hand and declaring his love for her: without encouragement, Potemkin could have expected trouble from the Orlovs (Catherine's lover Grigory and his four brothers) who dominated court. Potemkin entered Catherine's circle of advisers, and in 1762 took his only foreign assignment, to Sweden, bearing news of the coup. On his return, he was appointed Procurator, and won a reputation as a lover. Under unclear circumstances, Potemkin then lost his left eye and fell into a depression. His confidence shattered, he withdrew from court, becoming something of a hermit.

Eighteen months later, Potemkin reappeared, probably summoned by Catherine. He became an army paymaster and oversaw uniform production. Shortly thereafter, he became a Guardian of Exotic Peoples at the new All-Russian Legislative Commission, a significant political post. In September 1768, Potemkin became Kammerherr (chamberlain). Two months later Catherine had his military commission revoked, fully attaching him to court. In the interval, the Ottoman Empire had started the Russo-Turkish War of 1768 to 1774 and Potemkin was eager to prove himself, writing to Catherine:

Potemkin served as Major-General of the cavalry. He distinguished himself in his first engagement, helping to repulse a band of unruly Tatar and Turkish horsemen. He fought in Russia's victory at the Battle of Kamenets and the taking of the town. Potemkin saw action virtually every day, particularly excelling at the Battle of Prashkovsky, after which his commander Aleksandr Mikhailovich Golitsyn recommended him to Catherine. Potemkin's army, under Pyotr Rumyantsev, continued its advance. Potemkin fought at the capture of Jurja, a display of courage and skill for which he received the Order of St. Anna. At the Battle of Larga, he won the Order of St. George, third class, and fought well during the rout of the main Turkish force that followed. On leave to St. Petersburg, the Empress invited him to dine with her more than ten times.

Back at the front, Potemkin won more military acclaim, but then fell ill; rejecting medicine, he recovered only slowly. After a lull in hostilities in 1772 his movements are unclear, but it seems that he returned to St. Petersburg where he is recorded, perhaps apocryphally, to have been one of Catherine's closest advisers. Though Orlov was replaced as her favourite, it was not Potemkin who benefited. Alexander Vasilchikov, another Horse-Guardsman, replaced Orlov as the queen's lover. Potemkin returned to war in 1773 as Lieutenant-General to fight in Silistria. It appears that Catherine missed him, and that Potemkin took a December letter from her as a summons. In any case Potemkin returned to St. Petersburg as a war hero.

Favorite of Catherine II

Potemkin returned to court in January 1774 expecting to walk into Catherine's arms. The political situation, however, had become complex. Yemelyan Pugachev had just arisen as a pretender to the throne, and commanded a rebel army thirty thousand strong. In addition, Catherine's son Paul turned eighteen and began to gain his own support. By late January Potemkin had tired of the impasse and effected (perhaps with encouragement from Catherine) a "melodramatic retreat" into the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Catherine relented and had Potemkin brought back in early February 1774, when their relationship became intimate.

Several weeks later he had usurped Vasilchikov as Catherine's favorite, and was given the title of Adjutant General. When Catherine's friend Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm objected to Vasilchikov's dismissal, she wrote back to him, "Why do you reproach me because I dismiss a well-meaning but extremely boring bourgeois in favour of one of the greatest, the most comical and amusing, characters of this iron century?" His uncouth behavior shocked the court, but Potemkin showed himself capable of suitable formality when necessary.

The frequent letters the pair sent to each other survive, revealing their affair to be one of "laughter, sex, mutually admired intelligence, and power". Many of their trysts seem to have centered around the banya sauna in the basement of the Winter Palace; Potemkin soon grew so jealous that Catherine had to detail her prior love-life for him. Potemkin also rose in political stature, particularly on the strength of his military advice. In March 1774 he became Lieutenant-Colonel in the Preobrazhensky Guards, a post previously held by Alexei Orlov. He also became captain of the Chevaliers-Gardes from 1784.

In quick succession he won appointment as Governor-General of Novorossiya, as a member of the State Council, as General-in-Chief, as vice-president of the College of War and as Commander-in-Chief of the Cossacks. These posts made him rich, and he lived lavishly. To improve his social standing he was awarded the prestigious Order of St. Alexander Nevsky and Order of St. Andrew, along with the Polish Order of the White Eagle, the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle, the Danish Order of the Elephant and the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim.

That Catherine and Potemkin married is "almost certain", according to Simon Sebag Montefiore; though biographer Virginia Rounding expresses some doubt. In December 1784 Catherine first explicitly referred to Potemkin as her husband in correspondence, though 1775, 1784 and 1791 have all been suggested as possible nuptial dates. In all, Catherine's phrasing in 22 letters suggested he had become her consort, at least secretly. Potemkin's actions and her treatment of him later in life fit with this: the two at least acted as husband and wife.

By late 1775, their relationship was changing, though it is uncertain exactly when Catherine took a secretary, Pyotr Zavadovsky, as a lover. On 2 January 1776, Zavadovsky became Adjutant-General to the Empress (he became her official favorite in May) and Potemkin moved to command the St. Petersburg troop division. Signs of a potential "golden adieu" for Potemkin include his 1776 appointment, at Catherine's request, to the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

Though he was "bored" with Catherine, the separation was relatively peaceful. The Prince was sent on a tour to Novgorod, but, contrary to the expectations of some onlookers (though not Catherine's), he returned a few weeks later. He then snubbed her gift of the Anichkov Palace, and took new apartments in the Winter Palace, retaining his posts. Though no longer Catherine's favorite, he remained her favored minister.

Though the love affair appeared to end, Catherine and Potemkin maintained a particularly close friendship, which continued to dominate their lives. Most of the time this meant a love triangle in the court between the pair and Catherine's latest swain. The favorite had a high-pressure position: after Zavadovsky came Semyon Zorich (May 1777 to May 1778), Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov (May 1778 to late 1778), Alexander Lanskoy (1780–1784), Alexander Yermolov (1785–1786), Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov (1786–1789) and Platon Zubov (1789–1796). Potemkin checked candidates for their suitability; it also appears that he tended to the relationships and "filled in" between favorites. Potemkin also arranged for Catherine to walk in on Rimsky-Korsakov in a compromising position with another woman. During Catherine's (comparatively) long relationship with Lanskoy, Potemkin was particularly able to turn his attentions to other matters. He embarked upon a long series of other romances, including with his own nieces, one of whom may have borne him a child.

Diplomat
Potemkin's first task during this period was foreign policy. An anglophile, he helped negotiate with the English ambassador, Sir James Harris, during Catherine's initiative of Armed Neutrality, though the south remained his passion. His plan, known as the Greek Project, aspired to build a new Byzantine Empire around the Turkish capital in Constantinople. Dismembering the Ottoman Empire would require détente with Austria (technically still the Habsburg monarchy), and its ruler Joseph II. They met in May 1780 in the Russian town of Mogilev. The ensuing alliance represented the triumph of Potemkin's approach over courtiers such as Catherine's son Paul, who favored alliance with Prussia. The May 1781 defensive treaty remained secret for almost two years; the Ottomans were said to still have been unaware of it even when they declared war on Russia in 1787.

Elsewhere, Potemkin's scheme to develop a Russian presence in the rapidly disintegrating state of Persia failed. Plans for a full-scale invasion had previously been cut back and a small unit sent to establish a trading post there was quickly turned away. Potemkin focused instead on Russia's southern provinces, where he was busy founding cities (including Sevastopol) and creating his own personal kingdom, including his brand new Black Sea Fleet. That kingdom was about to expand: under the Treaty of Kuçuk Kainarji, which had ended the previous Russo-Turkish war, the Crimean Khanate had become independent, though effectively under Russian control. In June 1782 it was descending again into anarchy.

By July 1783, Potemkin had engineered the peaceful annexation of Crimea and Kuban, capitalizing on the fact that Britain and France were fighting elsewhere. The Kingdom of Georgia accepted Russian protection a few days later with the Treaty of Georgievsk searching for protection against Persia's aim to reestablish its suzerainty over Georgia; the Karabakh Khanate of Persia initially looked as though it might also, but eventually declined Russian help. Exhausted, Potemkin collapsed into a fever he barely survived. Catherine rewarded him with one hundred thousand roubles, which he used to construct the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg.

Governor-General and city builder

Potemkin returned to St. Petersburg in November 1783 and was promoted to Field Marshal when Crimea was formally annexed the following February. He also became President of the College of War. The province of Taurida (Crimea) was added to the state of Novorossiya (lit. New Russia). Potemkin moved south in mid-March, as the "Prince of Taurida". He had been the namestnik of Russia's southern provinces (including Novorossiya, Azov, Saratov, Astrakhan and the Caucasus) since 1774,  repeatedly expanding the domain via military action. He kept his own court, which rivalled Catherine's: by the 1780s he operated a chancellery with fifty or more clerks and had his own minister, Vasili Popov, to oversee day-to-day affairs. Another favored associate was Mikhail Faleev.

The "criminal" breaking of the Cossack hosts, particularly the Zaporozhian Cossacks in 1775, helped define his rule. However, Montefiore argues that given their location, and in the wake of the Pugachev rebellion, the Cossacks were likely doomed in any case. By the time of Potemkin's death, the Cossacks and their threat of anarchic revolt were well controlled. Among the Zaporizhian Cossacks he was known as Hrytsko Nechesa.

Builder

Potemkin then embarked on a period of city-founding. Construction started at his first effort, Kherson, in 1778, as a base for a new Black Sea Fleet he intended to build. Potemkin approved every plan himself, but construction was slow, and the city proved costly and vulnerable to plague. Next was the port of Akhtiar, annexed with Crimea, which became Sevastopol. Then he built Simferopol as the Crimean capital. His biggest failure, however, was his effort to build the city of Ekaterinoslav (lit. The glory of Catherine), now Dnipro. The second most successful city of Potemkin's rule was Nikolayev (now better known as Mykolaiv), which he founded in 1789. Potemkin also initiated the redesign of Odesa after its capture from the Turks; it was to turn out to be his greatest city planning triumph.

Potemkin's Black Sea Fleet was a massive undertaking for its time. By 1787, the British ambassador reported twenty-seven ships of the line. It put Russia on a naval footing with Spain, though far behind the Royal Navy. The period represented the peak of Russia's naval power relative to other European states. Potemkin also rewarded hundreds of thousands of settlers who moved into his territories. It is estimated that by 1782 the populations of Novorossiya and Azov had doubled during a period of "exceptionally rapid" development. Immigrants included Russians, foreigners, British convicts diverted from Australia, Cossacks and controversially Jews. Though the immigrants were not always happy in their new surroundings, on at least one occasion Potemkin intervened directly to ensure families received the cattle to which they were entitled. Outside of Novorossiya he drew up the Azov-Mozdok defense line, constructing forts at Georgievsk, Stavropol and elsewhere and ensured that the whole of the line was settled.

In 1784 Alexander Lanskoy died and Potemkin was needed at court to console the grieving Catherine. After Alexander Yermolov was installed as the new favorite in 1785, Catherine, Yermolov and Potemkin cruised the upper Volga. When Yermolov attempted to unseat Potemkin (and attracted support from Potemkin's critics), he found himself replaced by Count Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov in the summer of 1786. Potemkin returned to the south, having arranged that Catherine would visit in the summer of 1787. She reached Kiev in late January, to travel down the Dnieper after the ice had melted (see Crimean journey of Catherine the Great). Potemkin had other lovers at this time, including a 'Countess'  and a Naryshkina. Leaving in April, the royal party arrived in Kherson a month later. On visiting Sevastopol, Austria's Joseph II, who was traveling with them, was moved to note that "The Empress is totally ecstatic... Prince Potemkin is at the moment all-powerful".

"Potemkin village"
The notion of the Potemkin village, coined in German by critical biographer Georg von Helbig as , arose from Catherine's visit to the south. Critics accused Potemkin of using painted façades to fool Catherine into thinking that the area was far richer than it was. Thousands of peasants were alleged to have been stage-managed for this purpose. Certainly, Potemkin had arranged for Catherine to see the best he had to offer, organizing numerous exotic excursions, and at least two cities' officials concealed poverty by building false houses. It seems unlikely that the fraud approached the scale alleged. The Prince of Ligne, a member of the Austrian delegation, who had explored on his own during the trip, later proclaimed the allegations to be false.

Commander-in-Chief

Potemkin remained in the south, gradually sinking into depression. His inactivity was problematic, given that he was now Russia's commander-in-chief and, in August 1787, another Russo-Turkish war broke out, the second of Potemkin's lifetime. His opponents were anxious to reclaim the lands they had lost in the last war, and they were under pressure from Prussia, Britain and Sweden to take a hostile attitude towards Russia. Potemkin's bluster had probably contributed to the hostility, either deliberately or accidentally. Either way, his creation of the new fleet and Catherine's trip to the south had certainly not helped matters. In the center, Potemkin had his own Yekaterinoslav Army, while to the west lay the smaller Ukraine Army under the command of Field-Marshal Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. On water he had the Black Sea Fleet, and Potemkin was also responsible for coordinating military actions with Russia's Austrian allies.

Potemkin and Catherine agreed on a primarily defensive strategy until the spring. Though the Turks were repelled in early skirmishes against the Russian fortress at Kinburn, news of the loss of Potemkin's beloved fleet during a storm sent him into a deep depression. A week later, and after kind words from Catherine, he was rallied by the news that the fleet was not destroyed, but only damaged. General Alexander Suvorov won an important victory at Kinburn in early October. With winter now approaching, Potemkin was confident the port would be safe until the spring.

Turning his attention elsewhere, Potemkin established his headquarters in Elisabethgrad and planned future operations. He assembled an army of forty or fifty thousand, including the newly formed Kuban Cossacks. He divided his time between military preparation (creating a fleet of a hundred gunboats to fight within the shallow liman) and chasing the wives of soldiers under his command. Meanwhile, the Austrians remained on the defensive across central Europe, though they did manage to hold their lines. Despite advice to the contrary, Potemkin pursued an equally defensive strategy, though in the Caucasus Generals Tekeeli and Pavel Potemkin were making some inroads.

In early summer 1788, fighting intensified as Potemkin's forces won their naval confrontation with the Turks with few losses, and began the siege of Ochakov, a Turkish stronghold and the main Russian war aim. Less promising was that St. Petersburg, exposed after Russia's best forces departed for Crimea, was now under threat from Sweden in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–90. Potemkin refused to write regularly with news of the war in the south, compounding Catherine's anxiety.

Potemkin argued with Suvorov and Catherine herself, who were both anxious to assault Ochakov, which the Turks twice managed to supply by sea. Finally, on 6 December, the assault began and four hours later the city was taken, a coup for Potemkin. Nearly ten thousand Turks had been killed at a cost of (only) two-and-a-half thousand Russians. Catherine wrote that "you [Potemkin] have shut the mouths of everyone... [and can now] show magnanimity to your blind and empty-headed critics".

Potemkin then visited the naval yard at Vitovka, founded Nikolayev, and traveled on to St. Petersburg, arriving in February 1789. In May he left once more for the front, having agreed on contingency plans with Catherine should Russia be forced into war with either Prussia or the upstart Poland, which had recently successfully demanded the withdrawal of Russian troops from its territory. (Catherine herself was just about to change favorites for the final time, replacing Dmitriev-Mamonov with Platon Zubov.) Back on the Turkish front, Potemkin advanced towards the fortress of Bender on the Dniester river.

The summer and autumn of 1789 saw numerous victories against the Turks, including the Battle of Focşani in July; in early September, the Battle of Rymnik and the capture of both Kaushany and Hadjibey (modern day Odesa); and finally the surrender of the Turkish fortress at Akkerman in late September. The massive fortress at Bender surrendered in November without a fight. Potemkin opened up a lavish court at Iași, the capital of Moldavia, to "winter like a sultan, revel in his mistresses, build his towns, create his regiments—and negotiate peace with [the Turks]... he was emperor of all he surveyed". Potemkin even established a newspaper, Le Courrier de Moldavie. His preferred lover at the time—though he had others—was Praskovia Potemkina, an affair which continued into 1790. Potemkin renamed two ships in her honor. As part of the diplomatic machinations, Potemkin was given the new title of "Grand Hetman of the Black Sea and Yekaterinoslav Cossack Hosts" and in March he assumed personal control of the Black Sea fleet as Grand Admiral.

In July 1790 the Russian Baltic Fleet was defeated by the Swedish at the Battle of Svensksund. Despite the damage, the silver lining for the Russians was that the Swedes now felt able to negotiate on an even footing and a peace was soon signed (Treaty of Värälä on 14 August 1790) based on the status quo ante bellum, thus ending the threat of invasion. The peace also freed up military resources for the war against the Turks. Potemkin had moved his ever more lavish court to Bender and there were soon more successes against Turkey, including the capture of Batal-Pasha and, on the second attempt, of Kilia on the Danube. By the end of November, only one major target remained: the Turkish fortress of Izmail. At Potemkin's request, General Suvorov commanded the assault, which proved to be costly but effective. The victory was commemorated by Russia's first, albeit unofficial, national anthem, "Let the thunder of victory sound!", written by Gavrila Derzhavin and Osip Kozlovsky.

After two years he returned to St. Petersburg to face the threat of war against an Anglo-Prussian coalition in addition to the war with Turkey. His return was widely celebrated with the "Carnival of Prince Potemkin". The Prince came across as polite and charming though his latest mistress, Princess Ekaterina Dolgorukaya, appeared sidelined and Potemkin found himself embroiled in court intrigue whilst trying to force Zubov out. Catherine and Potemkin fought over military strategy; the Empress wanted no compromise, while Potemkin wanted to buy time by appeasing the Prussians.

Fortunately for the Russians, the Anglo-Prussian alliance collapsed and a British ultimatum that Russia should accept the status quo ante bellum was withdrawn. In this way, the threat of a wider war receded. Though Russia was still at war with the Ottomans, Potemkin's focus was now Poland. Potemkin had conservative allies including Felix Potocki, whose schemes were so diverse that they have yet to be fully untangled. For example, one idea was for Potemkin to declare himself king.

Success on the Turkish front continued, mostly attributable to Potemkin. He now had the opportunity to confront the Turks and dictate a peace, but that would mean leaving Catherine. His procrastination soured Catherine's attitude towards him, a situation compounded by Potemkin's choice of the married Princess Paskovia Adreevna Golitsyna (née Shuvalova) as his latest mistress. In the end, Potemkin was given the requisite authority to negotiate with the Turks (and, afterwards, to pursue his Polish ambitions), and dispatched by Catherine back to the south. She sent a note after him, reading "Goodbye my friend, I kiss you".

Death

Potemkin fell ill in the fever-ridden city of Iași, then often known as Jassy in English, although he kept busy, overseeing peace talks, planning his assault on Poland, and preparing the army for renewed war in the south. He fasted briefly and recovered some strength, but refused medicine and began to feast once again, consuming a "ham, a salted goose and three or four chickens". On , he felt better and dictated a letter to Catherine before collapsing once more. Later, he awoke and dispatched his entourage to Nikolayev. On  Potemkin died in the open steppe, 60 km from Iași. Picking up on contemporary rumor, historians such as the Polish Jerzy Łojek have suggested that he was poisoned because his madness made him a liability, but this is rejected by Montefiore, who suggests he succumbed to bronchial pneumonia instead.

Potemkin was embalmed, and a funeral was held for him in Iași. Eight days after his death, he was buried. Catherine was distraught and ordered social life in St. Petersburg be put on hold. Derzhavin's ode Waterfall lamented Potemkin's death. Likewise many in the military establishment had looked upon Potemkin as a father figure and were especially saddened by his demise. Polish contemporary Stanisław Małachowski claimed that Aleksandra von Engelhardt, a niece of Potemkin's and the wife of Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, a magnate and prominent leader of the Targowica Confederation, worried for the fate of Poland after the death of the man who had planned to revitalise the Polish state with himself as its new head.

Potemkin had used the state treasury as a personal bank, preventing the resolution of his financial affairs to this day. Catherine purchased the Tauride Palace and his art collection from his estate, and paid off his debts. Consequently, he left a relative fortune.

Catherine's son Paul, who succeeded to the throne in 1796, attempted to undo as many of Potemkin's reforms as possible. The Tauride Palace was turned into a barracks, and the city of Gregoripol, which had been named in Potemkin's honor, was renamed.

Potemkin's grave survived a destruction order issued by Paul and was eventually displayed by the Bolsheviks. His remains appeared to lie in his tomb at St. Catherine's Cathedral in Kherson. The exact whereabouts of some of his internal organs, including his heart and brain first kept at Golia Monastery in Iași, remain unknown. Pro-Russian officials during the Russian invasion of Ukraine said that his remains were taken from his tomb and transported to Russia.

This was the ninth time that Potemkin's remains were moved.

Personality and reputation
Potemkin "exuded both menace and welcome"; he was arrogant, demanding of his courtiers, and very changeable in his moods, but also fascinating, warm, and kind. It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was "amply endowed with 'sex appeal'".

Louis Philippe, comte de Ségur described him as "colossal like Russia", "an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance". The internal contrast was evident throughout his life: he frequented both church and numerous orgies, for example. In Ségur's view, onlookers had a tendency to unjustly attribute to Catherine alone the successes of the period and to Potemkin the failures. An eccentric workaholic, Potemkin was vain and a great lover of jewelry (a taste he did not always remember to pay for), but he disliked sycophancy and was sensitive about his appearance, particularly his lost eye. He only agreed to have portraits made of him twice, in 1784 and again in 1791, both times by Johann Baptist von Lampi and from an angle which disguised his injury. Potemkin was often noted for his uncouth behavior, most notably his unscrupulous sexual liaisons and biting his nails. Potemkin's nail-biting was so persistent that it was frequently noticed by courtiers and guests, and resulted in hangnail.

It is possible that Potemkin was affected by bipolar disorder. His highs and lows, his material and sexual excesses, his impulsive whims, his energy and lethargy, and his depressive spells suggest some kind of bipolar disorder. In a time that was not aware of mental illness, Potemkin, and, it must be said, the people in his life such as Catherine, suffered from this lack of understanding.

Potemkin was an intellectual. The Prince of Ligne noted that Potemkin had "natural abilities [and] an excellent memory". He was interested in history, generally knowledgeable, and loved the classical music of the period, as well as opera. He liked all food, both peasant and fine, his favorites included roast beef and potatoes, and his anglophilia meant that English gardens were prepared wherever he went. A practical politician, his political ideas were "quintessentially Russian", and he believed in the superiority of the Tsarist autocracy. He once described the French revolutionaries as "a pack of madmen".
One evening, at the height of his power, Potemkin declared to his dinner guests:

Ultimately, Potemkin proved a controversial figure. Criticisms include "laziness, corruption, debauchery, indecision, extravagance, falsification, military incompetence, and disinformation on a vast scale", but supporters hold that "the sybaritism [devotion to luxury] and extravagance... are truly justified", stressing Potemkin's "intelligence, force of personality, spectacular vision, courage, generosity and great achievements". Although not a military genius, he was "seriously able" in military matters. Potemkin's contemporary Ségur was quick to criticise, writing that "nobody thought out a plan more swiftly [than Potemkin], carried it out more slowly and abandoned it more easily". Another contemporary, the Scotsman Sir John Sinclair, added that Potemkin had "great abilities" but was ultimately a "worthless and dangerous character". Russian opponents such as Semyon Vorontsov agreed: the Prince had "lots of intelligence, intrigue and credit", but lacked "knowledge, application and virtue".

Family

Potemkin had no legitimate descendants, though it is probable he had illegitimate issue. Four of his five sisters lived long enough to bear children, but only the daughters of his sister Marfa Elena (sometimes rendered as 'Helen') received Potemkin's special attention. The five unmarried Engelhardt sisters arrived in court in 1775 on the direction of their recently widowed father Vassily. Legend suggests Potemkin soon seduced many of the girls, one of whom was twelve or thirteen at the time. An affair with the third eldest, Varvara, can be verified; after that had subsided, Potemkin formed close—and probably amorous—relationships successively with Alexandra, the second eldest, and Ekaterina, the fifth.

Potemkin also had influential relatives. Potemkin's sister Maria, for example, married Russian senator Nikolay Samoylov: their son Alexander was decorated for his service under Potemkin in the army; their daughter Ekaterina married first into the Raevsky family, and then the wealthy landowner Lev Davydov. She had children with both husbands, including highly decorated General Nikolay Raevsky, Potemkin's great-nephew. His wider family included several distant cousins, among them Count Pavel Potemkin, another decorated military figure, whose brother Mikhail married Potemkin's niece Tatiana Engelhardt. A distant nephew, Felix Yusupov, helped murder Rasputin in 1916.

Legacy
Despite attempts by Paul I to play down Potemkin's role in Russian history, his name found its way into numerous items of common parlance:
A century after Potemkin's death, the Battleship Potemkin was named in his honour. The ship became famous for its involvement in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and subsequent dramatization in Battleship Potemkin, a Soviet movie by Sergey Eisenstein, which at one point was named the greatest film of all time.
The name of the giant seaside staircase in Odesa, featured in The Battleship Potemkin, eventually became known as the Potemkin Stairs.
 The phrase Potemkin village entered common usage in Russia and globally, despite its fictional origin.
 The Grigory Potemkin Republican Cadet Corps is a specialized institution in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Transnistria that is named after the Russian prince.

Notes

Footnotes

References

Sources

 Smith, Douglas (ed. and tr.), Love and Conquest: Personal Correspondence of Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Potemkin (DeKalb, Northern Illinois University Press, 2004).

External links

 Douglas Smith, Love and Conquest: Personal Correspondence of Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Potemkin

1739 births
1791 deaths
People from Dukhovshchinsky District
People from Dukhovshchinsky Uyezd
Grigory
Politicians from the Russian Empire
Governors-General of Novorossiya
Field marshals of Russia
Members of the Russian Academy
History of Crimea
18th century in Ukraine
Russian royalty and nobility with disabilities
Polish indigenes
18th-century people from the Russian Empire
Russian city founders
Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
Lovers of Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great
Morganatic spouses of Russian royalty
People of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Russian royal favourites
Governors of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate

Grigory Potemkin


Dwars door Vlaanderen for kvinder 2019 var den ottende udgave af kvindernes version af landevejscykelløbet Dwars door Vlaanderen i Belgien. Det blev afholdt den 3. april 2019 over en distance på 108,3 km. Løbet startede i Tielt og sluttede i Waregem. Det blev af UCI klassificeret som et 1.1-løb. Løbet blev vundet af hollandske Ellen van Dijk fra Trek-Segafredo Women for andet år i træk.

Hold og ryttere

Danske ryttere
Christina Siggaard kørte for Team Virtu Cycling Women
Julie Leth kørte for Bigla Pro Cycling
Josefine Huitfeldt kørte for Multum Accountants

Resultater

Startliste

Eksterne henvisninger

2019
Cykelløb i 2019

Dwars door Vlaanderen for kvinder 2019


Le Gold Coast Hockey Centre est un stade de hockey à Gold Coast, en Australie. Le site a été rénové pour accueillir les événements de hockey masculin et féminin des Jeux du Commonwealth de 2018. Il a été réaménagé pour 16,5 millions de dollars et a été achevé en juin 2017. Il est situé au parc Keith Hunt au Labrador et abrite la Gold Coast Hockey Association et le Labrador Hockey Club.

Références

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Stade de hockey sur gazon en Australie
Stade portant le nom d'une ville
Sport à Gold Coast

Gold Coast Hockey Centre


Nationale mesterskaber i landevejscykling 2018 startede i Australien og New Zealand i januar. De fleste andre mesterskaber blev arrangeret i sidste uge i juni, før Tour de France.

Resultater

Eksterne henvisninger
 Oversigt hos ProcyclingStats

Cykelløb i 2018
2018


Bex (; ; ) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle. It is a few kilometers south of its sister town municipality of Aigle.

History
Bex is first mentioned in 574 as in Baccis.

Salt mine

Bex is the site of a famous salt mine.

The salt deposits in Bex were the first ones discovered in Switzerland.  In the 15th century, a salt source is mentioned in the area, but it was not until 1554 that a large deposit was discovered in Panex.  Production of the salt began shortly thereafter.  In 1582 a salt works was built in Roche.  Initially the salt works were run by Bernese patricians, and then foreign nobles.  In 1685 the salt mines came under the direct control of the Bernese state.  At the beginning of the 18th century it was entrusted to a general director, the most famous one being Albrecht von Haller.

To provide wood for the salt works in Roche, in 1695 a forest was planted in the Joux Verte gorge.  Starting in the 16th century, natural evaporation was replaced by boiling to speed up salt production.  The first tunnels were dug in 1684 to find new salt sources.  Salt deposits were discovered in Le Bévieux and Les Devens (both part of the municipality of Bex) and Aigle.  The mine at Le Bévieux was still in operation at the beginning of the 21st century.

Geography

Bex has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 26.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 33.6% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 4.6% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and  or 34.2% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%.  Out of the forested land, 28.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 4.3% is used for growing crops and 5.8% is pastures, while 2.0% is used for orchards or vine crops and 14.7% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.  Of the unproductive areas, 9.4% is unproductive vegetation, 23.1% is too rocky for vegetation and 1.7% of the land is covered by glaciers.

Bex sits on the east side of the Rhone River in a wide valley surrounded on the east by the Pays d'en Haut and the Bernese Alps and on the west by the Chablais Alps.  The municipality is located in the Aigle district, along the Avançon river.  It stretches from the banks of the Rhone () to the Alps.  It includes most of the highest mountains of the canton: Les Diablerets peak (), Grand Muveran, Dent Favre and Dent de Morcles.  The municipality consists of the town of Bex and the hamlets of Le Châtel, Les Dévens, Le Chêne, Fenalet, Les Posses, Le Bévieux, Frenières and Les Plans-sur-Bex.

Famous ski resorts are nearby, notably Villars-sur-Ollon and Gryon, a few kilometres above the town. Bex is also connected to Les Diablerets by the mountain pass Col de la Croix.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure, a ram Argent rampant, in chief dexter a mullet of eight Or.

Demographics

Bex has a population () of .  , 26.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 12.8%.  It has changed at a rate of 13.7% due to migration and at a rate of 0.5% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (5,008 or 83.8%), with Albanian being second most common (232 or 3.9%) and German being third (203 or 3.4%).  There are 149 people who speak Italian and 2 people who speak Romansh.

Of the population in the municipality 1,937 or about 32.4% were born in Bex and lived there in 2000.  There were 1,187 or 19.9% who were born in the same canton, while 1,063 or 17.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,414 or 23.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 46 live births to Swiss citizens and 18 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 54 deaths of Swiss citizens and 5 non-Swiss citizen deaths.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 8 while the foreign population increased by 13.  There were 5 Swiss men and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 70 non-Swiss men and 65 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 92 and the non-Swiss population increased by 43 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 2.2%.

The age distribution, , in Bex is; 646 children or 10.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 810 teenagers or 12.9% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 713 people or 11.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  731 people or 11.7% are between 30 and 39, 1,000 people or 16.0% are between 40 and 49, and 815 people or 13.0% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 710 people or 11.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 534 people or 8.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 249 people or 4.0% who are 80 and 89, and there are 59 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older.

, there were 2,346 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 2,868 married individuals, 409 widows or widowers and 350 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 2,403 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 820 households that consist of only one person and 177 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 2,468 households that answered this question, 33.2% were households made up of just one person and there were 14 adults who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 678 married couples without children, 721 married couples with children There were 137 single parents with a child or children.  There were 33 households that were made up of unrelated people and 65 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 1,062 single family homes (or 59.5% of the total) out of a total of 1,785 inhabited buildings.  There were 372 multi-family buildings (20.8%), along with 208 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (11.7%) and 143 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.0%).  Of the single family homes 303 were built before 1919, while 93 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The most multi-family homes (173) were built before 1919 and the next most (44) were built between 1919 and 1945.  There were 6 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.

 there were 3,346 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 1,068.  There were 176 single room apartments and 716 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 2,334 apartments (69.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 675 apartments (20.2%) were seasonally occupied and 337 apartments (10.1%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.9 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.43%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Church Bell Tower, the Salt Mining Complex, the Fortifications de l'Arzillier and the Bridge over the Rhone River (which is shared with St-Maurice in Valais) are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.  The entire village of Les Posses and the Le Bévieux area are both part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 30.69% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the SP (27.02%), the FDP (12.65%) and the Green Party (11.75%).  In the federal election, a total of 1,565 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 43.1%.

Economy
, Bex had an unemployment rate of 6.9%.  , there were 234 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 66 businesses involved in this sector.  746 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 72 businesses in this sector.  1,157 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 196 businesses in this sector. There were 2,608 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.5% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,794.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 137, of which 128 were in agriculture and 9 were in forestry or lumber production.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 706 of which 361 or (51.1%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (7.2%) were in mining and 178 (25.2%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 951.  In the tertiary sector; 201 or 21.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 56 or 5.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 137 or 14.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 8 or 0.8% were in the information industry, 5 or 0.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 86 or 9.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 82 or 8.6% were in education and 146 or 15.4% were in health care.

, there were 1,077 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,294 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  About 4.5% of the workforce coming into Bex are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 13.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.6% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 1,986 or 33.2% were Roman Catholic, while 2,356 or 39.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 44 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.74% of the population), there were 5 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 60 individuals (or about 1.00% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 462 (or about 7.73% of the population) who were Islamic.  There were 12 individuals who were Buddhist, 41 individuals who were Hindu and 21 individuals who belonged to another church.  554 (or about 9.28% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 432 individuals (or about 7.23% of the population) did not answer the question.

Weather
Bex has an average of 123.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives  of precipitation.  The wettest month is August during which time Bex receives an average of  of rain or snow.  During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.5 days.  The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 12.4, but with only  of rain or snow.  The driest month of the year is February with an average of  of precipitation over 9.4 days.

Education
In Bex about 1,897 or (31.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 523 or (8.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 523 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.6% were Swiss men, 29.1% were Swiss women, 11.5% were non-Swiss men and 6.9% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 790 students in the Bex school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the district provided pre-school care for a total of 205 children of which 96 children (46.8%) received subsidized pre-school care.  There were 378 students in the primary school program, which lasts four years.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 356 students in those schools.  There were also 56 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

, there were 105 students in Bex who came from another municipality, while 189 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation and railroads

Bex is a stop on the Swiss Federal Railways' (SBB/CFF) main-line Simplon route from Italy (Domodossola) and southern Switzerland to Lausanne then on to Geneva. Bex is also the terminus of the Bex–Villars–Bretaye railway (BVB), which is one of four railways of the local TPC company, the Transports Publics du Chablais. The BVB runs east from Bex to Villars and Bretaye. At nearby Aigle, connections are available at the Aigle SBB/CFF station to the other three very scenic narrow gauge railways of TPC.

Transports Publics du Chablais uses the motto "Depuis plus de cent ans et contre toute attente, des lignes des TPC réunissent plaine et montagne, Vaud et Valais, ville et campagne, terres catholiques et protestantes." Translated roughly: "For over 100 years and contrary to all expectations, the railways of TPC have joined plain and mountain, town and country, of the Vaud and Valais districts of Switzerland, land of both Catholics and Protestants." The ASD, the AL, and the BVB railways operate within the Canton of Vaud. The AOMC also operates into the Canton of Valais when it leaves Aigle and crosses the Rhone river to reach Monthey and Champéry.  The TPC "motto" refers to the religious composition and history of the region historically known as the Chablais. In 1846-7 the Valais canton attempted to secede from Switzerland with the intention of joining a Catholic confederation of cantons called the Sonderbund, but this was put down by Swiss Federal troops in the brief and relatively bloodless Sonderbund civil war.

Personalities
Marie-Louise Dreier (born 1936), poet
Catherine Mabillard (born 1964), ski mountaineer and marathon mountain biker
Henri François Pittier (1857–1950), geographer and botanist

Twin towns – sister cities
Bex is twinned with:
  Tuttlingen, Germany

References

External links

Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Vaud

Bex


Rita Renoir () a fost o actriță franceză de film și teatru, care a jucat în 14 filme. Vedetă a cabaretului parizian , ea era în anii '50 - '60 una dintre cele mai celebre stripteuze din Franța. A fost supranumită și tragédienne du strip-tease ("tragediana striptease-ului"). Ulterior, a devenit actriță de teatru, interpretând roluri în piese de René de Obaldia, Euripide, Michelangelo Antonioni și Pierre Bourgeade.

În 1968 a semnat coregrafia filmului lui Georges Lautner Le Pacha.

Filmografie

Les compagnes de la nuit, regizat de Ralph Habib (1953)
Le Sicilien, regizat de Pierre Chevalier (1958)
Commandant X (1962) - Serial TV
Mondo di notte numero 3, regizat de Gianni Proia (1963)
Dragées au poivre, regizat de Jacques Baratier (1963)
Ni figue ni raisin (1964) - Serial TV
Le Désert rouge, regizat de Michelangelo Antonioni (1964)
Chappaqua, regizat de Conrad Rooks (1966)
Fantômas versus Scotland Yard, regizat de André Hunebelle (1967)
Cannabis, regizat de Pierre Koralnik (1970)
Le Futur aux trousses, regizat de Dolores Grassian (1975)
Sois belle et tais-toi, regizat de Delphine Seyrig (1981)
L'Ange, regizat de Patrick Bokanowski (1982)
Lire c'est vivre: Élie Faure, Vélasquez et les Ménines, film TV regizat de Philippe Bordier (1984)

Coregrafă

Le Pacha, dir. de Georges Lautner, (1968)

Roluri în teatru

 1965: Du vent dans les branches de sassafras, de René de Obaldia, reg. de René Dupuy. Ruolo: Miriam, soprannominata "Petite-Coup-Sûr", prostituta
 1967: Le Désir attrapé par la queue, de Pablo Picasso, Festivalul de exprimare liberă, Saint-Tropez (ro in alternatul con Bernadette Lafont)
 1973: Et moi qui dirai tout e Le Diable, lucrări proiectate și fabricate de Rita Renoir și Jean-Pierre Georges, Théâtre de Plaisance, Parigi

Note

Bibliografie
 J'aime le strip-tease, de Frank Horvat (fotografie) e Patrick Lindermohr (testi), Éditions Rencontres, 1962
 Entretien avec Rita Renoir, in Plexus, la revue qui décomplexe, n. 3, Paris, agosto-settembre 1966
 Homenaje a una joven bruja, de Julio Cortázar, in Territorios, Mexico-Madrid-Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno, 1978
 Le Diable et la Licorne: métaphysique du strip-tease, de Jean-Pierre Georges, Paris, La Table ronde, 2004, 153 pagg.
 Există, de asemenea, un portret de Rita Renoir, realizate din 1.000 de piese de Bernard Buffet, a făcut ca o acoperire pentru seara " La nuit du cinéma " 11 octombrie 1963, la Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1938
Decese în 2016
Actrițe franceze
Actrițe de film franceze
Actori din Paris
Actrițe franceze din secolul al XX-lea
Francezi din secolul al XXI-lea

Rita Renoir


Das Naturschutzgebiet Viehlaßmoos oder Viehlassmoos befindet sich im oberbayerischen Landkreis Erding, auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinden Eitting und Berglern. Es hat eine Größe von 244,33 ha (2011) und ist unter NSG-00175.01 eingetragen.

Bei dem Schutzgebiet handelt sich um den Rest eines typischen Niedermoores im Erdinger Moos; der überwiegende Teil des Erdinger Mooses wird zwischenzeitlich intensiv landwirtschaftlich genutzt bzw. hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten massive Änderungen durch den Bau des Flughafens München im Moos erfahren. Die Münchner Schotterebene nördlich von München folgt dem Verlauf der Isar und war Jahrtausende Überschwemmungsgebiet der Isar. Erst im 19. Jahrhundert begann schrittweise eine systematische Trockenlegung des Mooses und die Eindeichung der Isar.

Das Viehlaßmoos ist der größte zusammenhängende Grundwasser-Quellmoorrest des Erdinger Mooses von den ehemals ausgedehnten Quellmooren im Erdinger Moos. Es war lange durch Streuwiesennutzung und im Ostteil durch kleinbäuerliche Handtorfstiche geprägt. So entstand ein kleinteiliges Mosaik aus Pfeifengras-Streuwiesen, Kohldistel- und Glatthaferwiesen, Hochstaudenfluren und Feuchtgebieten, naturnahe Gräben sowie trockenen Alm- und Torfrücken.

Fauna und Flora
Das Naturschutzgebiet Viehlaßmoos ist der Lebensraum von zahlreichen, niedermoortypischen Pflanzen- und Tierarten. Zu den Besonderheiten des Viehlaßmoos gehören der Lungen-Enzian (Gentiana pneumonanthe) und der Lungenenzian-Ameisenbläuling (Phengaris alcon), dessen Raupe sich davon ernährt sowie der Dunkle (Phengaris nausithous) und Helle Wiesenknopf-Ameisenbläuling (Phengaris teleius), das Blaukernauge (Minois dryas), der Baldrian-Scheckenfalter (Melitaea diamina) und das Große Wiesenvögelchen (Coenonympha tullia). Der Kreuzdorn-Zipfelfalters (Satyrium spini) kommt in den Streuwiesen der Naturschutzgebietes vor. Von den Heuschrecken ist die Kurzflügelige Schwertschrecke (Conocephalus dorsalis) und die Sumpfschrecke (Stethopihyma grossum) erwähnenswert.

Schutz und Pflege
Ziel ist der Erhalt des landesweit bedeutsamen Viehlaßmooses, als größtem zusammenhängenden Grundwasser-Quellmoorrest des Erdinger Mooses. Die Burger Wiese wird von Freiwilligen des LBV Erding und Freising jährlich mit Balkenmähern gemäht und das Mähgut abtransportiert. Dadurch wird das Schilf und die aus Amerika eingeschleppte Goldrute zurückgedrängt.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Naturschutzgebiete in Bayern

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 LBV Erding - Die Burger Wiese im Viehlassmoos – Spielwiese des Lungenenzian-Ameisenbläulings
 Markus Schwibinger: Viehlassmoos bei Gaden bei Tagschmetterlinge.de

Viehlassmoos
Eitting
Berglern

Naturschutzgebiet Viehlaßmoos


Şeytan ayetleri, Muhammed tarafından önce vahiy olarak açıklanıp sonrasında bu ayetlerin Şeytan isimli varlık tarafından kulağına söylendiği ifade edilerek Kur'an'dan çıkartıldığı belirtilen ayetlerdir. Bu ayetlerle ilgili rivayetler, Taberî, Vâkidî, İbn Sa'd, Ebu Cafer Taberi ve İbni İshak'ın eserlerinde yer almıştır. Şeytan ayetleri kavramı ilk defa İskoç tarihçi William Muir tarafından 1858'de kullanılmıştır.

Rivayetler
Olayı nakleden pek çok farklı kaynak vardır. Bu kaynaklar olayı bazı detay farklılıkları ile naklederler. Bütün bu farklı rivayetler en sonda tek bir ortak ravi olan Muhammad ibn Ka'b'a dayanır. Özetle Muhammed'in Mekke'de akraba ve komşularını Müslüman yapmak için çaba harcadığını ve onlara Necm Suresinden ayetler okurken şeytanın araya girip 19 ve 20. ayetlerden sonra kendisine şunları söylettiği rivayet edilir:

19 Lât ve Uzza'ya
20 ve diğer üçüncüsü Menat'a ne dersiniz?
21 bunlar şefaatleri umulan yüce turnalardır.

Lât, Uzza ve Menat Mekkelilerin taptıkları putlar idi. Şeytan tarafından eklendiği söylenen "bunlar şefaatleri umulan yüce turnalardır." ayetinde geçen "turna" kelimesi Arapça "gharāniq" diye geçer ve bu "put, varlık" şeklinde de tercüme edilir.

Bu olay Muhammed'in sözü edilen pagan tanrılarının gerçekten var olduğunu kabul ettiği şeklinde algılandı. Muhammed'in tanrılarını övdüğünü duyan Mekkeliler bunu sevinçle karşıladı ve sureyi sonuna kadar Muhammed'le birlikte okudu.

Bu olay üzerine Mekkelilerin Müslüman olduğu haberlerinin yayıldığı ve o zamana kadar Habeşistan'a göç etmiş olan Müslümanların Mekkeye geri döndükleri ifade edilir.

İslam geleneğine göre bu olaydan sonra Cebrail, Muhammed'i konu hakkında bilgilendirmek için Hacc Suresi 52. ayeti indirir:

"Senden önce hiçbir resûl ve nebi göndermedik ki, bir şey temenni ettiği zaman, şeytan onun bu temennisine dair vesvese vermiş olmasın. Ama Allah şeytanın vesvesesini giderir. Sonra Allah âyetlerini sağlamlaştırır. Allah hakkıyla bilendir, hüküm ve hikmet sahibidir."

Muhammed fitneyi önlemek için sözlerini geri alır ve ayetler şu şekilde düzeltilir:

19 Lât ve Uzza'ya
20 ve diğer üçüncüsü Menat'a ne dersiniz?
21 erkek size de, dişi O'na mı?
22 öyle ise bu çok insafsızca bir paylaştırmadır.
23 onlar ancak sizin ve atalarınızın (ilah edindiğiniz şeylere) taktığınız isimlerdir. Allah, onlar hakkında hiçbir delil indirmemiştir. Onlar (putperestler) yalnız zanna ve nefislerin arzusuna tâbi oluyorlar. Andolsun ki, kendilerine, Rableri katından yol gösterici gelmiştir.

Tarihsellik
Orta Doğu üzerine araştırmalar yürüten oryantalistler arasında 19. yüzyıldan beri kabul edilen genel görüş, şeytan ayetlerinin tarihsel bir olay olduğu yönündedir. Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān ansiklopedisinde tarihsel olarak doğru olduğunu ancak "Ortodoks İslam" tarafından reddedildiğini belirtmiştir.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
El-Lât
El-Uzzâ
El-Manât

Dış bağlantılar

İslam terimleri
Şeytan

Şeytan ayetleri


Dance Passion is a remix album by Swedish pop music duo Roxette, released on 27 March 1987 by EMI. It consists of remixed versions of tracks from their debut album, Pearls of Passion (1986). The album was only released on vinyl in select European territories, namely Sweden, Germany and Italy. It failed to chart in the latter countries, and sold just 27,000 copies in Sweden, peaking at number 19 and spending four weeks on the Swedish Albums Chart. It has never been reissued or pressed onto cassette or CD.

Songs on the record were predominantly remixed by Swedish producer and engineer Kaj Erixon, with the exception of René Hedemyr's remix of "Neverending Love", and the version of "Secrets That She Keeps", which was created by longtime Roxette engineer Alar Suurna. Two of these remixes had previously been issued on their respective singles: the aforementioned remix of "Neverending Love" appeared under the names "Extended Club Mix" or "Euro Mix" on the 12" single released in France; the remix of "Soul Deep" also featured on that song's 12" single, under the title "Extended Mix". All other remixes are exclusive to this release.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Dance Passion.

 Roxette are Per Gessle and Marie Fredriksson
 Originally produced by Clarence Öfwerman at EMI Studios, Stockholm, Sweden
 Remixed by René Hedemyr ("Neverending Love"), Alar Suurna ("Secrets That She Keeps") and Kaj Erixon
 Additional overdubbing by Kent Gillström at The Hit Factory, New York City
 Mastered by Peter Dahl at Polar Studios, Stockholm, Sweden
 All songs published by Jimmy Fun Music, except "Soul Deep" by Happy Accident Music

Musicians
 Vocals — Marie Fredriksson and Per Gessle
 Backing vocals — Marianne Flynner and Anne-Lie Rydé
 Bass guitar — Tommy Cassemar
 Drums — Per "Pelle" Alsing, Per Andersson and Tim Wener
 Electric guitars — Staffan Astner, Jonas Isacsson and Mats "MP" Persson
 Keyboards — Clarence Öfwerman
 Percussion — Mats "MP" Persson
 Trumpet — Uno Forsberg, Mikael Renlinden and Tomas Sjörgen (on "Soul Deep")

Charts

References

Roxette albums
1987 remix albums
EMI Records remix albums

Dance Passion


Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (MS 178) - ( MS 29 Temmuz 238 Roma) 22 Nisan 238'den ölümüne kadar olan sürede (Altı İmparator Yılında) Pupienus' la birlikte görev yapan iki imparatordan biridir. Roma Senatosu tarafından selefi I. Gordianus ve II. Gordianus başarısız olunca İmparator seçildi ve eski imparatorlardan Maximinus Thrax'ı yendi.

Hayatı

Karşılıklı Yanlış Anlama
Her iki İmparatorunda kısa saltanatını biçimlendiren yanlış anlamalar oldu ve bu yanlış anlamalar Roma halkının, Pupienus'un Roma Şehir Prefect'i olarak sert tutumu nedeniyle onların karşısında olmasına neden oldu. Atamadan sonra ikisi de halkın tepkisinden kaçmak için Kapitol'den hızlı bir şekilde muhafızlarla birlikte ayrıldılar.

Yönetimi

Pupienus asilerle savaşma sorumluluğunu, Balbinus ise devlet işlerinin organizasyonunu üstlendi. Pupienus henüz birliklerini baskı yapmak için harekete geçirmeden önce, Maximinus Thrax'ın kendi askerlerinden biri tarafından öldürüldüğü haberi geldi. Bunun üzerine Pupienus hemen olayın geçtiği Ravenna'ya gitti. Yönetim krizini sona erdirdi ve bu yüzden her iki orduyu da dağıtarak evlerine gönderdi. Zaferin ardından Başkentte coşkun tezahüratlar arasında girdi. Bu coşku iki imparator arasında kırgınlığa neden olacaktı.

Ölümü
Cermanya'da vali olduğu zamandan beri Germen'lerden oluşan muhafız olarak konuşlandırılmış bir birliği vardı ve sonuçta bu, Pupienus için şanssızlık olacaktı. Birlik Praetorian muhafızları rahatsız ediyor, uzaktan sıkıştırıldıklarını hissediyorlardı. İki imparator arasındaki gürültülü bir kavganın ardından Praetorian muhafızları İmparatorluk sarayını sardılar ve her ikisini de öldürdüler.

Sadece 99 günlük bir saltanattan sonra her iki Senatör kökenli İmparator Roma Senatosu'na gösterdiler ki, imparatorlukta iktidar için orduya karşı mücadele etmek artık mümkün değildi. Her ikisinin de ölümünün ardından iktidar, kendisini evlat edinen babası ve büyük babasının ölümün hemen ardından III. Gordianus'a geçti.

Kaynakça
 Herodian, Marcus Aurelius'tan sonra İmparatorluğun tarihi 8
 Historia Augusta

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.roman-emperors.org
  Historia Augustadan biyografisi (İngilizce)

178 doğumlular
238 yılında ölenler
3. yüzyıl Roma imparatorları
230'larda Avrupa
Suikast sonucu ölen Roma imparatorları

Balbinus


Le canal temporo-malaire est un canal osseux creusé dans l'os zygomatique.
Il débute sur la face médiane de l'os par le foramen zygomatico-orbitaire.
A l'intérieur de l'os il se divise en un canalicule temporal et un canalicule malaire.
Le premier débouche par le foramen zygomatico-temporal sur la face postérieure de l'os, le second débouche par le foramen zygomatico-facial sur la face latérale de l'os.

Il permet le passage du nerf zygomatique et de ses rameaux qui naissent dans le canal : le nerf zygomatico-temporal et le nerf zygomatico-facial. Ces rameaux ressortent par le canalicule temporal pour le premier et le canalicule malaire pour le second.

Notes et références

Crâne

Canal temporo-malaire


An Kniphofia bruceae in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Leslie Edward Wastell Codd, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leslie Edward Wastell Codd. An Kniphofia bruceae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Kniphofia, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Kniphofia

Kniphofia bruceae


Kévin Théophile-Catherine (Saint-Brieuc, 28. listopada 1989.) francuski je nogometaš koji igra na poziciji braniča. Trenutno igra za Dinamo Zagreb.

Klupska karijera
U karijeri je branio boje Rennesa, Cardiff Cityja, St. Étiennea i zagrebačkog Dinama. Ukupno kroz karijeru sakupio je 290 službenih nastupa u francuskom Ligue 1 i engleskom Premiershipu. Za Dinamo Zagreb je odigrao pet punih sezona te u svakoj sezoni osvajao naslov prvaka u ligi. Osim toga, s Dinamom je osvojio i jedan kup te 2 puta superkup. Ukupno je zaigrao 153 službene utakmice, među kojima je najznačajnija pobjeda od 3:0 protiv Tottenhama u osmini finala UEFA Europske lige 2020./21. Jedno vrijeme je bio čak i najplaćeniji igrač u Dinamu, s plaćom od 900.000 € godišnje. Na ljeto 2023. mu je istekao ugovor s Dinamom te ne dolazi do produživanja ugovora. Nakon lošijeg ljetnog prijelaznog roka u Dinamu, dolazi do potpisivanja novog ugovora do kraja sezone s Kévinom Théophile-Catherinom koji nije u međuvremenu uspio pronaći novi klub.

Priznanja

Klupska
Rennes
 Gambardella kup (1): 2008.
Dinamo Zagreb
 1. HNL/HNL (5): 2018./19., 2019./20., 2020./21., 2021./22., 2022./23.
 Hrvatski nogometni kup (1): 2020./21.
 Hrvatski nogometni superkup (2): 2019., 2022.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Profil, Francuski nogometni savez
 Profil, Transfermarkt

Francuski nogometaši
Nogometaši Dinama
Nogometaši Cardiff Cityja
Nogometaši AS Saint-Étiennea
Nogometaši Stade Rennaisa
Životopisi, Martinik
Aktivni nogometaši

Kévin Théophile-Catherine


Lene Moyell Johansen (født 19. december 1968) er siden 2017 Rigsombudsmand på Færøerne. Lene Moyell Johansen er uddannet jurist.

I 2003 blev Lene Moyell Johansen cand. jur. fra Københavns Universitet. Fra 2003 til 2004 var hun ansat som fuldmægtig i Roskilde Statsamt. 2003 til 2008 var hun ekstern underviser i faget familie- og arveret ved Københavns Universitet og fra 2004 til 2008 var hun lærer ved Gideonskolen i Vallensbæk. I juni 2008  blev hun  ansat ved Rigsombuddet på Færøerne og har været faglig ansvarlig for det person- og familieretlige område siden 2011.

Lene Moyell Johansen har været stedfortræder for rigsombudsmanden i flere år og har et omfattende kendskab til det færøske samfund, sprog og politiske forhold. Lene Moyell Johansen har været rigsombudsmand siden 15. maj 2017, da hun afløste Rigsombudsmand Dan Michael Knudsen.

Eksterne henvisninger og kilder
 Officiel hjemmeside
 www.stm.dk

Rigsombudsmænd på Færøerne
Jurister fra Danmark
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog

Lene Moyell Johansen


The flag of Dominica was adopted on 3 November 1978, with some small changes having been made in 1981, 1988, and 1990. The original flag was designed by playwright Alwin Bully in early 1978 as the country prepared for independence.

It is one of only three national flags (the other two being El Salvador and Nicaragua) that currently use purple.

History and design
The flag, adopted in 1978, features the national bird emblem, the sisserou parrot (Amazona imperialis), which also appears on the coat of arms of Dominica as two supporters in the achievement, granted on 21 July 1961. This parrot, endemic to Dominica, is an endangered species with a population of only 250–350 individuals.

The green field represents the lush vegetation of the island. The cross represents the Trinity and Christianity, with its three colours symbolising the natives, the fertile soil, and the pure water. The 10 green five-pointed stars stand for the country's 10 parishes: (St Andrew, St David, St George, St John, St Joseph, St Luke, St Mark, St Patrick, St Paul, and St Peter), while the red disc stands for justice.

The sisserou parrot is sometimes coloured either blue or purple (the parrot's actual colour). The use of purple makes the flag of Dominica one of only three flags of sovereign states (alongside the flag of Nicaragua and the flag of El Salvador) to contain the colour.

The flag of Dominica, along with other national symbols, was the focus of a government-sponsored "Emblems Week" in 2016. An initiative of the independence committee, Emblems Week is aimed at reflecting on the meaning of the national emblems, and promoting their use among members of the general public and particularly among the country's schools.

Historical designs

References

External links

Flags introduced in 1978
Flag
National flags
Flags with crosses
Dominica
1978 establishments in Dominica

Flag of Dominica


Serie A 2020./21. 119. je sezona prve talijanske nogometne lige od njezinoga utemeljenja.

Sezona započinje 19. rujna 2020. godine, a završit će 23. svibnja 2021. godine. Branitelj naslova bio je Juventus iz Torina. Dana 2. svibnja 2021. četiri kola prije kraja prvenstva Inter Milan osigurao je svoj ukupno 19. naslov prvaka Italije, te svoj prvi naslov nakon sezone 2009./10. Ovo je prvi naslov nakon sezone 2010./11. koji nije osvojio Juventus.

Momčadi

Trenerske promjene

Stadioni i lokacije

Tablica
Ažurirano 7. siječnja 2021.

Izvor:

Izvori

Sezone Serie A

Serie A 2020./21.


O Lycée Edgar Poe é uma escola secundária privada francesa, situada no 2, rue du Faubourg-Poissonnière, no 10º arrondissement de Paris. O seu nome vem do escritor americano Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849).

O seu lema no website da escola é "L'intérêt pour l'élève développe l'intérêt de l'élève".

Em 2018, foi inaugurado um segundo local na rue Bossuet 12, também no 10º arrondissement, servido pelas estações de metro de Bonne Nouvelle e Poissonnière, respectivamente.

História
O Cours Edgar Poe foi criado em 1965 por Jean-Charles Sebaoun, que o dirigiu durante mais de 30 anos.

A escola obteve o seu contrato de parceria com o Estado a 26 de Fevereiro de 1980 e tornou-se o Liceu Edgar Poe.

Em Setembro de 1997, Christian e Évelyne Clinet, professores de Matemática e Física-Química em Edgar Poe durante mais de 20 anos, assumiram a direcção da escola após a reforma de Jean-Charles Sebaoun.

No início do ano académico de 2018, Mara Cornet, professora de italiano e História da Arte, assumiu a direcção da escola, assistida por Christophe Delfils, professor de inglês e director-adjunto. Ambos ensinam em Edgar Poe há mais de 20 anos.

Christian e Évelyne Clinet foram nomeados Presidentes Honorários da escola.

Alunos famosos
 Olivier Caudron (nascido em 1955), cantor.
 François Ravard (nascido em 1957), produtor francês de discos e filmes.

Ligação externa
 Página oficial

Fundações na França em 1965
Construções de Paris
Escolas da França
Educação em Paris

Lycée Edgar Poe


Zgrada Osnovne škole Dobri je osnovna škola u gradu Splitu za gradski kotar Grad. Nalazi se na adresi Kliška 25, Split, na predjelu Dobrome.

Građena je od 1929. do 1930. godine, a djelo je arhitekta Josipa Kodla.

Opis
Zgrada OŠ Manuš-Dobri (danas OŠ Dobri) nalazi se u Kliškoj ulici, u splitskom predjelu Dobri. Izvorno se sastojala od muške i ženske škole, sa zajedničkom dvoranom za gimnastiku i zasebnom dogradnjom sa stanovima za ravnatelje. Zgrada je dvokatnica s podrumom i visokim prizemljem. Razvedenih je tlocrtnih i visinskih formi, građena je od armiranog betona. Krov je ravan s djelomično istaknutom strehom. Pročelja su ožbukana i raščlanjena velikim, geometrijski pravilnim drvenim otvorima. Dva su glavna ulaza. Zgrada predstavlja jedan od najboljih projekata Josipa Kodla, u kojem je u potpunosti razvio modernu, funkcionalističku arhitekturu međunarodnog stila.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6059 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "profana graditeljska baština", javne građevine.

Povijest

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Zgrade u Splitu
Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Zgrade osnovnih škola u Hrvatskoj
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Splitu

Zgrada Osnovne škole Dobri


إذاعة وتلفزيون أمستردام المتعدد الثقافات هي محطة اٍذاعة محلية في أمستردام. أسسها أشخاص من سورينام، كانت في الأصل تركز على المجتمع السورينامي في أمستردام، ، وهي مؤسسة غير ربحية، يديرها متطوعون عاطلون عن العمل وتمولها جهات مانحة، بالضافة للاٍعلانات.

الثقافة في أمستردام
إذاعات هولندا
شركات مقرها في أمستردام
قنوات تلفزيونية في هولندا
قنوات وشبكات تلفزيونية أسست في 1984
وسائل الإعلام في سورينام

أم أي أر تي


8th & Corinth station is a DART Light Rail station in Dallas, Texas. It is located at the corner of 8th and Corinth Streets in the Oak Cliff neighborhood. It opened on June 14, 1996, and is a station on the  and  Lines, serving Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Center, the West Dallas Industrial Center and surrounding residential and commercial areas.

It is the southernmost station on the DART system serving both the Red and Blue lines, from this point the lines diverge with the Blue line heading south and the Red Line heading southwest. The station provides free parking for passengers, as well as passenger shelters.

References

External links
 DART - 8th & Corinth Station

Dallas Area Rapid Transit light rail stations in Dallas
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1996
1996 establishments in Texas
Railway stations in Dallas County, Texas

8th & Corinth station


The Dennis the Menace Annual (sometimes called the Dennis the Menace and Gnasher Annual and later called the Dennis and Gnasher Annual) was the name of the book that was published between 1955 and 2011 to tie in with the children's comic The Beano, specifically the Dennis the Menace comic strip. Since they are traditionally published in the northern autumn and in time for Christmas, since 1965 (with the release of Dennis the Menace 1966) they have had the date of the following year on the cover. Before then no date was given. Until the 2009 edition, the annuals mainly featured reprints from around 14–15 years ago from the cover date of Dennis the Menace, Gnasher and Gnipper and formerly Gnasher's Tale and Rasher strips in The Beano, although there is some new material. The 2010 and 2011 editions contained all new material based on the updated style seen in the CBBC series.

Originally a new annual was published every two years. However, after the 1987 annual was published it was decided to make the annual a yearly publication instead. The next annual was published the following year and the others every year onwards since then.

The original title was simply "Dennis the Menace" with the year added at the end later on. This name continued, the year changing for each different annual, until the release of the 1978 book. There was then a short break until the next annual was published in 1982 (for '83). From then on the words "from The Beano" were printed elsewhere on the cover, the same thing The Bash Street Kids Annual had been doing for a few years earlier.

The name has had various suffixes since then, including "and Gnasher" on the 1988, 1989, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2007, 2008 and 2009 books, and "Book" on the 1991, 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2002 editions. The annual permanently changed its name to Dennis the Menace Annual from the 2003 book, though the following year and "from The Beano" still appear. The 2010 edition was renamed the Dennis & Gnasher Annual to tie into the CBBC cartoon. It now says "as seen on CBBC" instead of "from The Beano".
There was no 2012 annual.

The information below dates older annuals which were without publication dates. Annuals were published the autumn before with the 1956 annual published Autumn 1955. Prices are in shillings and (old) pence with one shilling equal to 5p.

 1956. Large picture of Dennis holding tin of paint. Price 5/-
 1958. Dennis travelling down hill on a go-cart, knocking over a policeman, a chimney sweep and a painter. Price 5/6
 1960. Dennis wearing flippers and swimming underwater, using pincers on a swimmer's foot. Price 5/6
 1962. Dennis holding large caricature head of himself over his head with five small figures next to him including a policeman and a school teacher. Price 5/6
 1964. Head of Dennis bursting through a black and red paper sheet. Price 6/-
 1966 - 1970 to be added?

See also
 List of DC Thomson publications

1955 comics debuts
2011 comics endings
DC Thomson Comics titles
British comics
Dennis the Menace and Gnasher

Dennis the Menace Annual


بلدية لا بارا , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة بطليوس, التي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا, والتي تقع في غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 1.416 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في بطليوس
بلديات بطليوس

لا بارا


Enneaden (også kaldet nigudskredsen) var en gruppe bestående af ni guder i egyptisk mytologi. Deres hovedkultcenter var Iunu.
Enneaden bestod af Ra, Ras børn Shu og Tefnut, deres børn Geb og Nut samt deres børn Osiris, Isis, Seth og Nepthys.

Navnet "Enneade" kommer af det græske ord Enneás, der betød "De ni".
På oldegyptisk blev det udtalt som noget nær Pesedjet.

Egyptisk mytologi

Enneaden


1958 මැයි මසදී දිවයිනේ සිංහල සහ දෙමළ ජන වර්ග දෙක අතර ඇති වූ කැරැල්ලකින් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව කැළඹී ගියේය. දුසිම් ගණනක් ඝාතනය වූ අතර දහස් ගණනකට නිවෙස් අතහැර පලා යාමට සිදු විය. මෙයින් අනතුරට පත් වැඩි දෙනා වූයේ දෙමළ ජනතාවයි.

පසු බිම

1956 දී එස්.ඩබ්.ආර්.ඩී බණ්ඩාරනායක ලංකාවේ අගමැති තනතුරට පත් වූයේ බලසම්පන්න සිංහල ජාතිවාදී වේදිකාවක් මතටය. නව රජය සිංහල පමණයි යනුවෙන් පනතක් සම්මතකර ගත්තේ සිංහල තනි රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව බවට පත් කරමිණි. මෙසේ කරන ලද්දේ ජනගහණයෙන් හතරෙන් පංගුවක් පමණ ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රධාන භාෂාව ලෙස දෙමළ භාෂාව පාවිච්චි කරන අතරේදීය. මෙම පනතට දෙමළ ජනතාව නොපමාව තම අසතුට පළ කළහ. තමන්ගේ භාෂාව, සංස්කෘතික සහ ආර්ථික තත්වය ඉක්මන් තර්ජනයකට විෂය වෙතැයි අදහස් කළහ.

ප්‍රචණ්ඩ ක්‍රියා

දුම්රියවලට පහර දීම
පෙඩරල් පක්ෂය වවුනියාවේ සමුළුවක් පැවැත්වීමට අදහස් කළහ. සිංහල දැඩි මතධාරීන් ෆෙඩරල් පක්ෂ සාමාජිකයින් දුම්රියෙන් ගමන් කිරීම වැළැක්විය යුතු යැයි තීරණය කළහ. පළමුවෙන්ම පහර දීමට ලක් වූයේ පොළොන්නරුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානයයි. ඒ මැයි 22 දිනය.

පසු දින රාත්‍රියේ මඩකලපුව අසල දුම්‍රියකව පීලි පැනලා, මිනිස්සු 3ක් මැරුණා: පොලීසිය සාජන් අප්පුහාමී, දුම්‍රියේ පෝටර් ෆර්නැන්ඩෝ, පොලීසිය කොස්තාපල් පරරාජසිංගම්. දුම්‍රියේ මගීන්ට පහර දුන්නා. බොහෝ  තුවාල ලැබුවා මිනිස්සු සිංහල.

ගොවිපලේ ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය
පොළොන්නරුවේ ගොවිපලක දෙමළ කම්කරුවන්ට සිංහල කණ්ඩායමක් පහර දුන්හ. දෙමළ පිරිස සැඟවීම සඳහා උක් වගාව තුළට වැදුනාහ. කැරලිකාර කණ්ඩායම විසින් උක් වගා කොට එයට ගිනි තැබූහ. පලා ගිය අයට පොලු වලින් පහර දුන්හ. නැතහොත් මන්නාවලින් කෙටූහ. හිඟුරක්ගොඩදී මෙම ප්‍රචණ්ඩකාරීන් අටමස් ගැබිනියකගේ උදරය පැලූහ. අධික රුධිර වහනයෙන් ඇය මිය යන්නට හැරියාය. 70 ක පිරිසක් මැයි 25 දින රාත්‍රී එසේ මිය යන්නට ඇතැයි ගණන් බලා තිබුණි.

පොළොන්නරුවේ සිටියේ පොලිස් නිලධාරින් සුළු පිරිසකි. දෙමළ අය ආරක්ෂා කිරීමට ඉදිරිපත් වූ සිංහල පොලිස් නිළධාරින්ට ප්‍රචණ්ඩකාරීහු පහර දුන්හ. සුළු පිරිසකගේ මොළ කුඩු පට්ටම් කරන ලදී. ඊළඟ දින උදේ 25 දෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් හමුදාභට කණ්ඩායමක් පැමිණියහ. එහෙත් ඔවුනට එරෙහිව 3000 ක සිංහල ප්‍රචණ්ඩකාරීන් පිරිසක් මුහුණ දී සිටින බව ඔව්හු දුටුවෝය. හමුදා පිරිස් බ්‍රෙන් මැෂින් තුවක්කු වලින් වෙඩි තැබූ විට කළහකාරී පිරිස් පලා ගිය අතර තිදෙනෙකු මිය ගියහ.

ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය පැතිරේ
කෝළාහල ආරම්භ වූයේ පෙර දින සිදුවූ නුවරඑලිය නගරාධිපති ඩී.ඒ.සෙනෙවිරත්නගේ මරණයත් සමග යයි අගමැති බණ්ඩාරනායක මැයි 26 දින කියා සිටියාය. (ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම කැරැල්ල ආරම්භ වූයේ දින 3 කට පෙරයි) එම ප්‍රකාශය ජනතාවට කිසියම් හැඟීමක් දුන්නේය. කැරලිවල පසු බිමේ සිටියේ දෙමළ පිරිස්ය යන්නයි ඒ. ක්ෂණයකින් කලහකාරීන් කොළඹ දී සහ ආසන්න නගර වලදී දෙමළ පිරිස්වලට පහර දුන්හ. කඩ සාප්පු ගිනිබත් කළහ. නැතහොත් කොල්ල කෑහ.

දෙමළ පිරිස් කාන්තා ගුරුවරියකගේ පියයුරු කපා ඇය ඝාතනය කළා යැයි පානදුරේ දූෂ්‍යමාන ආරංචියක් පැතිරී ගියේය. මීට පළිගැනිමක් වශයෙන් සිංහලයෝ හින්දු කෝවිලක් ගිණිබත් කිරීමට තැත් කළහ. එය ව්‍යර්ථ වූ තැන ඔවුන් කළේ එහි පූජක තැන එළියට ඇද පණ පිටින් පිළිස්සීමයි.

කළහකාරීහු කොළඹ පුරා ඇවිදිමින් දෙමළ අය කවුදැයි සෙවූහ. දෙමළ මිනිසුන් හඳුනා ගැනීමේ සාමාන්‍ය ක්‍රමය වූයේ මොවුන් කලිසමට උඩින් කමීසය ඇඳීම හෝ කන් සිදුරු කර තිබීමයි. ඒවා දෙමළ ජනතාවගේ සාමාන්‍ය පුරුද්දකි. සිංහල පත්‍රයක් කියවීමට නොහැකි අයට පහර දුන්හ. නැතහොත් මරණයට පත් කළහ. (ඉංග්‍රීසියෙන් පමණක් අධ්‍යාපනය ලද සිංහලයන්ද මෙම ඉරණමට ගොදුරු වූහ)

කළහකාරී පිරිස්වල එක් උපක්‍රමයක් වූයේ පොලිස් නිලධාරීන් ලෙස වෙස්වලා ගැනීමයි. එසේ කොට ඔවුන් කළේ ආරක්ෂාව පතා පොලිස් ස්ථානවලට යන ලෙස දෙමළ ජනතාවට දැනුම් දීමයි. දෙමළ ජනතාව එසේ ඉවත් වූ පසු ඔවුන්ගේ නිවෙස් කොල්ල කන ලදී. නැතහොත් ඒවාට ගිණි තබන ලදී.

දිවයින පුරා ගිනි තැබීම්, දූෂණය කිරීම්, කොල්ල කෑම් සහ මිනී මැරුම් ආදී ප්‍රචණ්ඩ ක්‍රියා පැතිර ගියේය. සමහර සිංහල පිරිස් ඔවුන්ගේ දෙමළ හිතවත් අසල් වාසීන්ට තම නිවෙස්වල ආරක්ෂාව සැපයුවේ ඔවුන්ගේ ජීවිතවලට හානියක් සිදුවීමේ අවදානමට මුහුණ දෙමිනි.

සිංහල ජනතාවට පහර දීම
පොළොන්නරුවේ සිද්ධයන්ට පසුව එරවුර්වල දෙමළ ජනතා සිංහල ධීවරයෝට පහර දුන්නා. දෙමළ මැරයන් පාරේ සිංහල රීයදුරුව පහර දුන්නා. ඒරවුර් නාගරයේ දී සිංහල මහාත්තයක් සහා ඔහුගේ බිරින්ද පුළුස්සා එයාලාගේ දේවලව මැර පිරිසට සෝරම් කළා. පානදුරේ  පූජකයාගේ කතාව ඒරවුර්ට ආවා විට බොහෝ සිංහල ජනතාව මැරුවා. මඩකලපුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පිළිස්සීම සහා පහර දීම 56ක් තිබුණා, මැරීම 11ක් තිබුණා. එත් විට්ටාචී කියන්නේ ඒ සංඛ්‍යාට වඩා කරතිවු වල  මැරුණා සිංහල ජනතා ඉන්නවා කියලා.

උතුරු පළාතේ දී දෙමළ ජනතා සිංහල අයට පහර දුන්නා. කිලිනොච්චිය ජනපදයේ දී හෑම සිංහල ගෙදර පුලුස්සා, සමහර සිංහල අයව තුවාල ලැබුවා ලුම්බිනිය විහාරයව පුලුස්සා.
පූනෙරි‍යේ දී සිංහල ජනතා 2ක් වෙඩි තියලා. යාපනයේ මරණ වාර්තා නොවූවද සමහර සිංහල ව්‍යාපාරිකයින්ගේ ඉන්වෙන්ට්‍රි පොත් පත් පුළුස්සනු ලැබීය. දෙමළ කළහකාරී කණ්ඩායමක් බෞද්ධ විහාරයක් වූ නාග විහාරය විනාශ කළහ. පසුව එය නැවත ගොඩනංවන ලදී.

රජයේ ප්‍රතිචාරය
දින 5 ක් ගත වුවද රජය කිසිදු ප්‍රතිචාරයක් දැක්වූයේ නැත. අවසානයේදී මැයි 27 දින රජය විසින් හදිසි නීතිය පනවන ලදී. ෆෙඩරල් පක්ෂය හා ජාතික විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ තහනම් පක්ෂ ලෙස ප්‍රකාශ කෙරුණි. දිවයිනෙහි ෆෙඩරල් පාක්ෂික ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ දේශපාලනඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු අත්අඩංගුවට ගන්නා ලදි. දින දෙකක් තුළ හමුදාව විසින් කොළඹ නගරය සන්සුන් කළ අතර පසුව මුළු දිවයින පුරා ඵය ව්‍යාප්ත කළේය.

12000 කට ආසන්න වූ දෙමළ අනාථයන් කොළඹ ආසන්නයේ වූ අනාථ කඳවුරු කරා ගියහ. රජය හොර රහසේම යුරෝපීය නැව් හයක් මගින් ඵම අනාතයන්ගෙන් වැඩි පිරිසක් යාපනයේ පදිංචි කරවීම පිණිස ජුනි මස මුලදී යැවීමට කටයුතු කළේය. ඉන් පසු සිවිල් ජනතාව පදිංචිව සිටි දිවයිනේ අනෙකුත් පෙදෙස් වලින් හමුදාව ආපසු කැඳවන ලදී. එහෙත් අවුරුදු 25 ක් පමණ කාලයක් හමුදාව යාපනයේ සිටියහ.

උරුමය
අවුරුදු 40 ක පමණ කාලයක් තුළ සිදු වූ ප්‍රධාන හර්තාලයක් ලෙස 1958 දී සිදු වූ ඵම හර්තාලය හේතුවෙන් ප්‍රධාන ජනවර්ග කණ්ඩායම් දෙක අතරේ විශ්වාසය පලුදු විය. දෙපාර්ශවය ඵකිනෙකාට චෝදනා එල්ල කර ගත්හ. තව දුරටත් සාකච්ඡා පැවැත්වීමෙන් පලක් නොවන බව ප්‍රකාශ විනි. එපරිදි අභ්යසන්තර යුද්ධයකට මග පෑදුනේය.

ඵවකට කුඩා ළමයෙක්ව සිටි වේලුපිල්ලේ ප්‍රභාකරන් පසුව ප්‍රකාශ කළේ 1958 දී සිදුවූ සිද්ධීන් ඔහුගේ දේශපාලන ගමන් මග වෙනස් කළ බවයි.

1958 ලංකා කෝලහාලය


Mikrofilm; fotoğrafları, planları, matbu yazıları, yazı parçalarını kısaltılmış halde depolamak, muhafaza etmek veya neşretmek için kullanılan fotoğraf filmi.

Bir bilginin orijinal kaynağı, mesela bir gazete, istenilen ebatta (16, 35, 70, 105 mm) fotoğrafı çekilerek saklanabilir. Kısaltılmış halde muhafaza edildiğinden bilgiler daha küçük yerde, daha yüksek miktarda muhafaza edilebilir. Mesela, kısa bir film şeridine bir kitabın filmi çekilip saklanabilir. Böylece film, kitabın kapladığı yerden çok daha az yer kaplamış olur.

Mikrofilm bilgi işlem dairelerinde çok kullanılmaktadır. Her mikrofilm kaydı, okuma cihazı ile hemen okunabilir veya neşredilmek üzere işlem yapılabilir. Mikrofilmin neşriyatta ehemmiyeti büyüktür. Mesela, bir bilgisayardan çıkan malumatın mikrofilmi çekilerek çok sayıda, ucuz ve seri bir şekilde çoğaltılabilir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Mikrofilm ve Mikrokartlar - Yeni Bir Dokümantasyon Tekniği (MTA dergisi, 1950 Yılı, 40. Cilt)

Belgeler
Arşivler
Medya formatları
Medya teknolojisi
Gazetecilik
Kanadalı icatları

Mikrofilm


The Lego Batman Movie er en amerikansk 3D computeranimeret superheltefilm der fik biografpremiere i februar 2017. Filmen er en spin-off film af The Lego Movie, og er baseret på tegneserien om Batman. Den er instrueret af Chris McKay, og har Will Arnett, Zach Galifianakis, Rosario Dawson, Michael Cera og Ralph Fiennes i hovedrollerne.

Medvirkende
 Will Arnett som Batman/Bruce Wayne

 Zach Galifianakis som Jokeren

 Michael Cera som Dick Grayson/Robin

 Rosario Dawson som Barbara Gordon/Batgirl

 Ralph Fiennes som Alfred Pennyworth

 Jenny Slate som Harley Quinn

 Zoe Kravitz som Selina Kyle/Catwoman

 Billy Dee Williams som Harvey Dent/Two-Face

 Mariah Carey som Borgmester

 Channing Tatum som Kal-El/Superman

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2017
3-D-film
Animationsfilm fra USA
Batman-film

The Lego Batman Movie


Batis, maleni biljni od od dvije vrste halofitnih biljaka iz tropskih krajeva Amerike i Australazije. Rod čini samostalnu porodicu Bataceae nom. cons., i dio je reda kupusolike (Brassicales).

Vrste
 Batis argillicola P.Royen, Australija Nova Gvineja
 Batis maritima L., SAD, Antili, sjever Južne Amerike

Izvori

Brassicales

Batis (Plantae)


An Koeleria litvinowii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karel Domin. An Koeleria litvinowii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Koeleria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Koeleria

Koeleria litvinowii


Axel Robert Bünsow (geboren am 20. März 1861 in Sundsvall; gestorben am 11. Juni 1939 in Stockholm) war ein schwedischer Generalkonsul in London und Le Havre sowie Sägewerks- und Forstunternehmer.

Leben
Bünsow war ein Sohn des in Deutschland geborenen Christian Bünsow und dessen Frau Allona Krautmeijer (16. März 1825–17. April 1898). Er besuchte die Schule in Hudiksvall und begann anschließend am 21. September 1880 ein Studium in Uppsala. Am 11. Dezember 1889 legte er die Prüfung ab und bekam am 27. Dezember 1889 eine Anstellung bei der Handelskammer. Ab dem 1. Mai 1891 war er Assistent am schwedisch-norwegischen Generalkonsulat in Le Havre. Vom 1. Januar bis 31. März 1892 arbeitete er in Bordeaux und kam am 28. Dezember 1892 an das Generalkonsulat in London. Am 21. August 1893 wurde er befördert und wechselte im Juni 1894 wieder nach Le Havre. Vom 22. Juni 1894 bis zum 16. Juli 1897 war er dort Konsul. Seit dem 30. Juli 1895 hatte er das Amt des Generalkonsuls inne.

Bünsow übernahm im Jahr 1897 nach dem Tod seines Vaters seinen Anteil am großen Industrie- und Sägewerksunternehmen in Skönvik. Er lebte von 1904 bis 1919 in Saltsjöbaden und zog in die für ihn erbaute Villa Bünsowska im Stockholmer Diplomatenviertel. Diese Villa galt 2007 als Schwedens teuerstes Privathaus. Er besaß auch ein Sommerhaus in Ragnhildsvik am See Mälaren, gegenüber des Schlosses Skokloster. Er war ein großzügiger Mäzen und unterstützte wissenschaftliche und kulturelle Zwecke. Sein besonderes Interesse galt der zoologischen Forschung, die er mit Spendengeldern unterstützte und unter anderem die Gründung und Herausgabe der wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift Zoologische Beiträge aus Uppsala  ermöglichte. Er stellte dem Zoologischen Institut in Uppsala einen Fonds zur Verfügung, so dass 1915 ein Biologisches Institut in Fiskebäckskil errichtet werden konnte.

Familie
Bünsow heiratete am 16. Januar 1898 Maria Karolina "Lilly" (geborene Möllerswärd, 6. Januar 1877–10. August 1904) eine Tochter des Buchdruckers und Herausgebers Karl Justin Mattias Möllerswärd (1832–1901). Der schwedische Geograf Karl Jakob Mauritz Ahlenius (10. Februar 1866–23. April 1906) war kurzzeitig der Schwager seiner Frau, da er am 18. Dezember 1895 ihre Schwester Hildegard (31. Dezember 1866–28. Januar 1896) geheiratet hatte, die jedoch kurz danach verstarb.

Der Maler Joachim Johann Friedrich Bünsow (1789–1873) war sein Großvater und Wilhelm Andreas Bünsow (1854–1935) sein älterer Bruder, der die väterlichen Unternehmen leitete.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Beitrag zur Familienchronik des Geschlechtes Bünsow unter sechs Jahrhunderten. Fahlcrantz, Stockholm 1913 (dibiki.ub.uni-kiel.de).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Diplomat
Generalkonsul
Schwede
Geboren 1861
Gestorben 1939
Mann

Robert Bünsow (Diplomat)


Gruparea Nakam, cunoscută în istoriografie și sub numele de "Răzbunătorii evrei", a fost o formațiune extremistă înarmată israeliană, care a avut scopul de a asasina criminali naziști, drept răzbunare pentru Holocaust. Aceasta a fost fondată de către Abba Kovner și supraviețuitorii Organizației Unite a Partizanilor, grup paramilitar de ideologie sionistă, care operase în Lituania, sub comandă sovietică. După sfârșitul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, Organizației Nakam i s-au alăturat veterani ai Brigăzii Evreiești din Palestina Britanică.

La scurt timp după sfârșitul războiului, aproximativ 60 de membri ai grupării au sosit în Germania. Aceștia au otrăvit cu arsenic circa 3.000 de pâini, care le-au fost trimise foștilor gardieni SS deținuți de americani în lagărul Stalag XIII. Aproximativ 1200 de prizonieri naziști s-au îmbolnăvit grav ca urmare a consumului de pâine otrăvită, iar 400 de oameni au decedat. Aparent, totul s-a întâmplat fără cunoștința americanilor.

Conducerea Nakam a replicat: "Asta nu-i nimic față de ceea ce vrem să facem". Ei intenționau să omoare șase milioane de germani prin otrăvirea surselor de apă potabilă din München, Weimar, Berlin, Nürnberg și Hamburg, ca răzbunare a controversatei cifre de șase milioane de evrei care ar fi murit în Holocaust.

Note

Organizații evreiești
Al Doilea Război Mondial

Bibliografie
 Pârlog, Nicu, "Cele mai brutale răzbunări din istorie", în Lumea, an XXII, nr. 9 (282), august 2016.

Istoria Germaniei
Nazism

Gruparea Nakam


"…And Justice for All", Metallica'nın 25 Ağustos 1988'de Elektra Records tarafından satışa sunulan 4. stüdyo albümüne adını veren parçadır. Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield ve Lars Ulrich'in ortak çalışmasıdır. 9 dakika 45 saniyelik uzunluğuna rağmen tekrara düşmeyen bir parçadır. Amerikan adalet sisteminin para ve güç karşısında tarafsızlığını yitirmesini eleştirmektedir. Bu yitimin sonuçlarının herkesçe ödeneceğini söyler.

1988 single'ları
Metallica şarkıları
1988 şarkıları
James Hetfield tarafından yazılan şarkılar
Lars Ulrich tarafından yazılan şarkılar
Kirk Hammett tarafından yazılan şarkılar
1980'lerde İngilizce şarkılar

...And Justice for All (şarkı)


The Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording, Classical has been awarded since  1959.  The award had several minor name changes:

In 1959 the award was known as Best Engineered Record (Classical)
From 1960 to 1962 it was awarded as Best Engineering Contribution - Classical Recording
From 1963 to 1964 it was awarded as Best Engineered Recording - Classical
In 1965 it was awarded as Best Engineered Recording
From 1966 to 1994 it returned to the title Best Engineered Recording, Classical
From 1966 to 1994 it was awarded as Best Classical Engineered Recording
Since 1992 it has been awarded as Best Engineered Album, Classical

This award is presented alongside the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical.  From 1960 to 1965 a further award was presented for Best Engineered Recording - Special or Novel Effects.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.

The award is presented to engineers (and, if applicable, mastering engineers), not to artists, orchestras, conductors or other performers on the winning works, except if the engineer is also a performer.

Winners and nominees

Notes

References

Engineered Album Classical
Audio engineering
Album awards

Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Classical


La finta pazza (título original en italiano; en español, La loca fingida) es una ópera italiana en cinco actos con música de Francesco Sacrati y libreto en italiano de Giulio Strozzi. Con decorados de Giacomo Torelli, se estrenó en la inauguración del Teatro Novissimo de Venecia el 14 de enero de 1641, y luego en Bolonia en 1645. Se convirtió en una de las óperas más populares del .

Mazarino hizo ir a los actores italianos a la corte de la regente Ana de Austria y el espectáculo se representó el 14 de diciembre de 1645 en el Petit-Bourbon, bajo el título Feste theatrali per la finta pazza. Para entretenimiento del joven Luis XIV, Giovan Battista Balbi inventó los ballets en medio de la escena de los loros, los monos, las avestruces, los osos y los indios.

Mezclando música, canto, ballet, puesta en escena y maquinaria, La finta pazza pasa por ser la primera ópera representada en Francia, y el precursor de la opéra-ballet.

Trama
La finta pazza es una variación de la historia de Aquiles en Esciros, con Deidamía y Aquiles como protagonistas, y también protagonizada por Licomedes, Ulises, Caronte y Diomedes. Está ambientada en la isla de Esciros en los meses previos al inicio de la guerra de Troya. Deidamía es en secreto la amante de Aquiles, y juntos tienen un hijo, Pirro. Aquiles fue enviado a la isla por su madre para evitar que se viera envuelto en la Guerra de Troya, y vive allí encubierto, disfrazado de princesa. Ulises y Diomedes, en busca de aliados en la guerra, han llegado a la isla; cuando Aquiles quiere unirse a la guerra, Deidamía finge la locura (de donde viene el nombre de la obra) para retenerlo en la isla. Al final se casan y parten juntos.

Referencias
Notas

Licencia

Enlaces externos

La finta pazza en Gallica

Óperas de Francesco Sacrati
Óperas de 1641
Óperas en italiano
Óperas estrenadas en Venecia

La finta pazza