I 1935 foreslog Einstein, Boris Podolsky og Nathan Rosen et tankeeksperiment; EPR-paradokset, hvori de ville påvise, at kvanteteorien ikke var en komplet teori.

Essensen af deres postulat var, at to partikler kan blive givet en korrelation, så det er muligt at måle både position og impuls samtidigt (i modstrid med Heisenbergs ubestemthedsrelation) medmindre man må antage, at information kan transmitteres med en hastighed større end lysets. Denne korrelation blev kaldt sammenfiltring (engelsk: entanglement). I et brev til Einstein kaldte Schrödinger fænomenet Verschränkung (oversat af ham selv til entanglement). Einstein kaldte det en spøgelsesagtig (engelsk spooky) fjernvirkning. Han mente at kvanteteorien skulle suppleres med skjulte variable.

Formuleret i andre termer, så skulle det være muligt at måle kvantespin både i z-retning og i x-retningen samtidigt, men ligesom med position og impuls, så kommuterer spinoperatorerne ikke, så der er ikke muligt.

To aktører Alice og Bob, selvom de er adskilt ved en vilkårlig stor afstand, kan derimod måle en korrelation mellem sammenfiltrede partiklers spin i samme retning.

To elektroner sammenfiltres ved at komme nær hinanden for en tid. Den ene beholder Bob og den anden sendes til Alice. Hvis de to elektroner er maksimalt sammenfiltrede og Bob måler spinnet i en retningen på sin partikel og Alice måler spin på sin partikel i samme retning, Så hvis Bob måler spin i op-retningen vil Alice måle spin i ned-retningen hver gang og omvendt hvis Bob måler spinnet til at være ned. Der er en maksimal korrelation (på -1) mellem de to målte spin. Bob måler spinnets retning med 50% sandsynlighed for hver retning.

EPR-postulatet vakte megen opmærksomhed og startede en intens aktivitet for at forstå fænomenet. Det øvede på den måde stor indflydelse på kvanteteoriens udvikling.

Egentligt er der ingen fjernvirkning i en vis forstand. Alice oplever ikke, at der sker noget i hendes system ved, at Bob måler. Ligegyldigt om Alice måler før eller efter Bob, vil hun måle op med en sandsynlighed på 50% og ned med en sandsynlighed på 50%. Det er først, når hun har fået at vide hvad Bob har målt, at der kan konstateres en korrelation. Der er heller ikke nogen fjernvirkning med overlyshastighed på den måde, at Alices elektron har bevæget sig til Alice med overlyshastighed. Den er transporteret der med en hastighed der er under lyshastighed og man kan ikke sammenfiltre to partikler der ikke er tæt ved hinanden.

Der er heller ingen mulighed for at der en skjult klassisk mekanisme, der styrer resultatet. Det er blevet påvist af Bell 1964 Bells teorem ikke at være muligt.

En beskrivelse i Diracs formalisme

Kaldes det ene undersystems Hilbertrum for V og det andet for W, så er det sammensatte systems vektorrum tensor-produktet af de to rum:

Kombinationen af to bølgefunktioner skrives på flere forskellige måder i litteraturen alle identiske i deres betydning:

Valget er som regel styret af nødvendigheden af at holde rede på hvilken variable der hører til hvilket system, hvilket også kan gøres med passende indici.

Hvis dimensionen af det ene system er D a  og det andet er D b  så er dimensionen af det kombinerede system D a D b .

Multiplikationen i  skal ikke udføres, det er kun en positions notation og det er ikke et direkte produkt. Tillige defineres det som et lineært rum med addition af vektorer og multiplikation med en skalar, med samme virkning både på højre og venstre side.

Tensor-produktet af vektorrummene er derfor defineret til at være vektorrummet hvis elementer er komplekse lineære kombinationer af elementerne

Vilkårlige operatorer A og B anvendes således:

Produktet af en operator og enheds operatoren kaldes en opgraderet operator. Den anvendes, når kun den ene side skal påvirkes af operatoren.

Hvis de normerede basis vektorer i V og W er e i  og  f j  så er  sættet af basisvektorer  for det kombinerede vektor rum V W. Heraf følger :

\

Det indre produkt af to basisvektorer i V W fx | e  i  f j > og | em  f n > er 1 kun hvis i=m og j=n  ellers er de ortogonale. dvs

  hvor delta er Kroneckers symbol.

For to elektroner hver især med spin tilstande op |+> og ned |→ bliver den mest generelle tilstand en lineær superposition af alle mulige kombinationer af de to basis spintilstande (der er kun 4), disse fire basis vektorer i dent kombinerede system er ortonormale

Denne tilstand er karakteriseret ved matricen A af koefficienterne

En tilstand er IKKE sammenfiltret hvis determinanten Det(A) =0. Omvendt er den sammenfiltret hvis Det(A) er forskellig fra nul. Hvis determinanten er nul kan det kombinere system opdeles i to produktsystemer (produktet af to systemers bølgefunktioner).

Pauli-matricerne har en total matrix  hvis egenværdier er (1 ,0,0,-1), Interesserer vi os kun for de egenværdier, som er nul og danner en tilstand af deres egenvektorer får vi:

For at dette skal være en tilstand med total matricens egenværdi lig nul i alle akser skal

Bringes to elektroner (eller en elektron og en positron) nær hverandre vil den laveste spin energi tilstand være med modsat rettede spinakser, således (op og ned er her indikeret som afveksling med pile):

De er maksimalt sammenfiltrede i en tilstand der kaldes singlet med totalt spin nul. Partikler med spin der er resultatet af sønderfaldet af en partikel uden spin skabes i den singulære tilstand således at deres totale spin er nul.

Der er fire andre maximalt sammenfiltrede tilstande der tilsammen  danner en ortonormal basis for der kombinerede systems Hilbertrum. Det vil sige at alle tilstande i det kombinerede Hilbertrum kan fremstilles som en superposition af disse sammenfiltrede tilstande uanset om de er sammenfiltrede eller ikke. Disse tilstande kaldes Bells basis.  Man skal også bemærke at disse sammenfiltrede systemer, ikke kan adskilles i et produkt af en tilstand i det ene system gange en tilstand i det andet system. Produktsystemer kan ikke være sammenfiltrede.

En såkaldt tæthedsmatrix (eller operator) beskriver tilstanden af hvert undersystem i et sammensat system. Tæthedsoperatoren er:

 Hvis tilstands vektorerne er ortonormale basisvektorer så er  hvor I en enhedsmatricen.  p i  er sandsynligheden for, at systemet bliver fundet i tilstand i.  Summen af sandsynlighederne skal blive 1. |Psi>i er de rene tilstande med amplituder hvis absolutværdier kvadreret er de viste sandsynligheder.

Anvendes der en ortonormal basis  kan man opløse tæthedsoperatoren i matrix elementer for en mxn matrix:

Subsystemet er beskrevet komplet ved tætheds matricen idet enhver operators forventningsværdi er

Der er ikke nogen påvirkning fra det ene subsystem til det andets tæthedsmatrix, Hvilket stemmer overens med at Alice ikke kan konstatere om Bob har målt eller ikke - og heller ikke hvad han har målt. Alice kan først konstatere, at der er tale om en korrelation, når Bob med maksimalt lysets hastighed har kommunikeret til hende hvad han har målt.

En kvantemekanisk måling kan også betragtes som en sammenfiltring af objektet og måleapparaturet og man kan blive ved med at akkumulere sammenfiltrede systemer. Denne ide er i modstrid til Bohrs opfattelse af en bølgefunktion der kollapsede ved en måling. Sammenfiltring kan tilføres sammenfiltrede systemer fx ved målinger.

Teleportation (kvanteteleportation) er en proces hvorved kvanteinformation kan transporteres fra en position til en anden, ved hjælp af klassisk kommunikation og et sammenfiltret system. Fordi det afhænger af klassisk kommunikation kan det ikke foregå hurtigere end lysets hastighed. Det kan ikke bruges til transport af information hurtigere end lysets hastighed og det kan ikke bruges til at lave kopier, idet det ville være imod kloning-teoremet der hævder at kloning er umuligt.  Dette har vakt stor opmærksomhed. Hidtil er det kun lykkedes at transportere et eller flere qubits mellem to atomer, ikke mellem molekyler eller større objekter.

For at udføre teleportationen med en elektron, arrangerer Alice at hun selv og Bob får en elektron hver, som er sammenfiltrede med hinanden. Alice har selv den tredje partikel, hvis tilstand skal teleporteres. Alice foretager nu en måling der er relateret til en sammenfiltret tilstand af den tredje partikel med Alices elektron. Derved destrueres den tredje partikels kvantetilstand (ingen kloning tilladt) . Hun sender resultatet af målingen til Bob, som så ved hvilken af fire forskellige operationer, han skal foretage på sin sammenfiltrede partikel for at forvandle den til den tredje partikels tilstand.

Se også
 Bell test-eksperimenter

Kilder/referencer

Kvantemekanik
Kvantemekanisk måling

EPR-paradokset


محمود أحمد تيمور (1312- 1392هـ/ 1894-1973م) كاتب قصصي ومسرحي وروائي، ولد في القاهرة في أسرة اشتهرت بالأدب؛ فوالده أحمد تيمور باشا (1871-1930م) الأديب المعروف، الذي عرف باهتماماته الواسعة بالتراث العربي، وكان «باحثاً في فنون اللغة العربية، والأدب والتاريخ، وخلّف مكتبة عظيمة هي» التيمورية«، تعد ذخيرة للباحثين إلى الآن بدار الكتب المصرية، بما تحوي من نوادر الكتب والمخطوطات» وعمته الشاعرة الرائدة عائشة التيمورية (1840-1903م) صاحبة ديوان «حلية الطراز»، وشقيقه محمد تيمور (1892-1921م) هو صاحب أول قصة قصيرة في الأدب العربي.

نشأته
ولد في أحد أحياء مصر القديمة في (12 من المحرم 1312هـ = 4 من يونيو 1894م)، ونشأ في أسرة عريقة على قدر كبير من الجاه والعلم والثراء؛ فقد كان أبوه أحمد تيمور باشا واحدًا من أبرز أعلام عصره ومن أقطاب الفكر والأدب المعدودين، وله العديد من المؤلفات النفيسة والمصنفات الفريدة التي تكشف عن موسوعية نادرة.

وكان درب سعادة -وهو الحي الذي وُلد فيه محمود تيمور- يتميز بأصالته الشعبية؛ فهو يجمع أشتاتًا من الطوائف والفئات التي تشمل الصناع والتجار وأرباب الحرف من كل فن ولون، وقد تَشربَّت نفسه وروحه بتلك الأجواء الشعبية منذ نعومة أظفاره، واختزنت ذاكرتُه العديدَ من صور الحياة الشعبية والشخصيات الحية التي وقعت عيناه عليها، وأعاد رسمها وعبر عنها -بعد ذلك- في الكثير من أعماله القصصية.

وما لبثت أسرته أن انتقلت إلى ضاحية عين شمس؛ فعاش في ريفها الساحر الجميل الذي كان ينبوعًا لوجدانه، يغذيه بالجمال والشاعرية، ويفجر فيه ملكات الإبداع بما فيه من مناظر جميلة وطبيعة خلابة ساحرة.

نقطة التحول

وقد تعلم محمود تيمور بالمدارس المصرية الابتدائية والثانوية الملكية، والتحق بمدرسة الزراعة العليا، ولكن حدثت نقطة تحول خطيرة في حياته وهو لم يتجاوز العشرين من عمره بعد؛ فقد أصيب بمرض التيفود، واشتدت وطأة المرض عليه؛ فانقطع عن دراسته الزراعية، ولزم الفراش ثلاثة أشهر، قضاها في القراءة والتأمل والتفكير، وسافر إلى الخارج للاستشفاء بسويسرا، ووجد في نفسه ميلاً شديدًا إلى الأدب؛ فألزم نفسه بالقراءة والاطلاع، وهناك أتيحت له دراسة عالية في الآداب الأوربية؛ فدرس الأدب الفرنسي والأدب الروسي، بالإضافة إلى سعة اطلاعه في الأدب العربي.

واتسعت قراءاته لتشمل روائع الأدب العالمي لعدد من مشاهير الكتاب العالميين، مثل: «أنطون تشيكوف»، و«إيفان تورجنيف»، و«جي دي موباسان».

خطواته الأدبية الأولى

وكان شقيقه "محمد" خير مرشد له بما يسديه، وبما لديه من ثقافة واسعة، وموهبة أدبية رفيعة، وقد تأثر محمود تيمور بأخيه في اتجاهه نحو المذهب الواقعي في الكتابة القصصية، والذي ظهر واضحًا في مجموعته القصصية الأولى "ما تراه العيون"، فأعجب بها محمود إعجابًا دعاه إلى أن يؤلف على غرارها؛ فكتب باكورته القصصية " سنة (1345 هـ = 1915م خرشو).

وفجأة تُوفِّي أخوه محمد وهو في ريعان الصبا وشرخ الشباب؛ فشعر محمود بانهيار آماله، وفقد حماسه، وأصابه اليأس، وانزوى حزينًا مستسلمًا للأسى والإحباط، ولكن بمرور الأيام بدأ الجرح يندمل في قلبه، وأقبل من جديد على الحياة، وراح ينفض عن نفسه الفشل والإحباط، واعتمد على نفسه مهتديًا بهُدى شقيقه الراحل، ومترسمًا خطاه في عالم الأدب والإبداع، وأقبل على الكتابة بنشاط

رومانسية تيمور

ومما لا شك فيه أن تيمور الابن قد ورث عن أبيه العديد من الملكات والصفات؛ فقد كان مغرمًا بالأدب واللغة، شغوفًا بالقراءة والبحث والاطلاع، محبًا للكتابة والتأليف، وقد عُني أبوه منذ سن مبكرة بتوجيهه إلى القراءة والاطلاع، وتنشئته على حب فنون الأدب واللغة؛ فأقبل الابن على مكتبة أبيه العامرة بنَهَمٍ شديد، ينهل منها، ويَعُبّ من ذخائرها، ويجني من مجانيها.

وكان له شغف خاص بالمنفلوطي الذي غرس فيه نزعته الرومانسية، كما تأثر بعدد من الشعراء، خاصة شعراء المهجر، وعلى رأسهم «جبران خليل جبران»، الذي كان لكتابه «الأجنحة المتكسرة» بنزعته الرومانسية الرمزية تأثير خاص في وجدانه.

بين المحن والمنح

لم يكن المرض هو مأساة تيمور الوحيدة؛ فقد كان فقدُهُ لأخيه محمد مأساةً أخرى، صبغت حياته بحالة من الحزن والتشاؤم والإحباط، لم يستطع الخروج منها إلا بصعوبة بالغة، وكان على موعد مع مأساة ثالثة أشد وطأة على نفسه ووجدانه، زلزلت حياته، وفجعته في ولده الذي اختطفه الموت وهو ما زال في العشرين من عمره؛ وقد تركت تلك المأساة في نفسه مرارة لا تنتهي، وحزنًا لا ينقضي، وكان ملاذه الوحيد وسلواه في كل تلك المحن والأحداث هو الكتابة، يَهرع إليها ليخفف أحزانه، ويضمد جراحه، ويتناسى آلامه. وقد انعكس ذلك في غزارة إنتاجه وكثرة مؤلفاته.

مكانة تيمور الأدبية

وقد حظي محمود تيمور بحفاوة وتقدير الأدباء والنقاد، ونال اهتمام وتقدير المحافل الأدبية ونوادي الأدب والجامعات المختلفة في مصر والوطن العربي، كما اهتمت به جامعات أوروبا وأمريكا، وأقبل على أدبه الأدباء والدارسون في مصر والعالم.

وم شادن تيمور مصر في العديد من المؤتمرات الأدبية، مثل: مؤتمر الأدباء في بيروت سنة (1373هـ = 1954م)، ومؤتمر القلم ببيروت سنة (1373هـ = 1954م) أيضًا، ومؤتمر الدراسات الإسلامية في جامعة بشاور بباكستان، ومؤتمر الأدباء في دمشق.

كما نال إنتاجه القصصي جائزة مجمع اللغة العربية بمصر سنة (1366هـ = 1947م)، وما لبث أن عُيِّن عضوا فيه عام (1368هـ = 1949م).

وحصل على جائزة الدولة للآداب سنة (1369هـ = 1950م)، وجائزة «واصف غالي» بباريس سنة (1370هـ = 1951م)، ومُنِح جائزة الدولة التقديرية في الأدب سنة (1382هـ = 1963م) من المجلس الأعلى لرعاية الفنون والآداب. واحتفلت به جامعات روسيا والمجر وأمريكا، وكرمته في أكثر من مناسبة.

وقد كتب محمود بن الشريف كتابا عنوانه «أدب محمود تيمور للحقيقة والتاريخ»، توجد منه نسخة في مكتبة الدكتور أكرم علي حمدان الخاصة، في منزله بلندن، كانت من مقتنيات محمود تيمور وقد أهداها لبعض أصدقائه، مع بطاقته الشخصية التي تحمل اسمه وعنوانه، وقد كتب عليها بخط يده: «مع تحيات».

روابط خارجية

 محمود تيمور على جود ريدز

مراجع

كتاب أدب
كتاب قصة قصيرة مصريون
كتاب مصريون
كتاب مصريون في القرن 20
كتاب وكاتبات مصريون
مصريون أكراد
مصريون حائزون على جائزة الدولة التقديرية
مصريون من أصل تركي
مفكرون مصريون
مواليد 1311 هـ
مواليد 1894
وفيات 1393 هـ
وفيات 1973

محمود تيمور


Human Nature (dt.: menschliche Natur) ist die vierte und letzte Single der amerikanischen Sängerin Madonna aus ihrem sechsten Album Bedtime Stories. Das Lied wurde am 6. Juni 1995 in den Vereinigten Staaten veröffentlicht.

Hintergrund
Human Nature wurde in Bezug zu Madonnas vorherigem Skandalalbum Erotica und dem Coffee Table Book SEX geschrieben. Das Lied enthält einen sarkastischen Backgroundgesang, in dem Madonna sich rhetorische Fragen stellt, die auf ihrem wirklichen Leben basieren, wie "Did I say something wrong? Oops, I didn't know I couldn't talk about sex. I must have been crazy" sowie die Zeile "What was I thinking?". Nach den Zeilen wird immer die Phrase "Express yourself, don't repress yourself" wiederholt. Des Weiteren singt Madonna im Lied darüber, dass sie keine Reue über ihre "Fantasien" zeige und ruft ihre Kritiker dazu auf, dass sie ihr Verhalten und ihre Fantasien akzeptieren sollen, weil es der "menschlichen Natur" entspräche.

Madonnas Plattenlabel wollte ursprünglich den radiofreundlicheren Poptitel Don't Stop als Single veröffentlichen, aber Madonna bestand auf Human Nature. Das Lied ist eine frühe Hymne der modernen zeitgenössischen Contemporary R&B-Musik. Außerdem ist es mit einem Urban-Hip-Hop-Beat unterlegt. Das Lied samplet What You Need der amerikanischen Hip-Hop-Gruppe Main Source.

In den Vereinigten Staaten wurde Human Nature Madonnas zweite Single in Folge, die nicht die Top-40 in den amerikanischen Billboard Hot 100 erreichte. Dafür wurde die Single aber in den Dance-Charts ein Erfolg. Erfolgreicher war die Single jeweils im Vereinigten Königreich, Italien und Japan, wo sie die Top Ten der Charts erreichte. In den britischen Charts erreichte die Single Platz 8. Im Vereinigten Königreich zeigte das Cover der Single einen Bildausschnitt aus dem Musikvideo zum Lied. Darauf ist Madonna zu sehen, während sie vor einem weißen Hintergrund auf einem Stuhl sitzt und von ihren Tänzern festgehalten und gefesselt wird. Madonna hatte ihre Haare schwarz gefärbt und trug ein schwarzes enges Ganzkörper-Latex-Leder-Outfit. In den Vereinigten Staaten diente stattdessen eine Aufnahme der Fotografin Bettina Rheims als Coverbild. Diese stammte von einem Fotoshooting mit Madonna für die Dezember-Ausgabe des Magazins Details von 1994.

Madonna sang Human Nature auf drei ihrer Tourneen. Erstmals sang Madonna das Lied im Jahr 2001 auf ihrer Drowned World Tour. Beim Vortrag des Liedes ritt Madonna auf einem mechanischen Bullen. Zum zweiten Mal sang Madonna das Lied im Jahr 2008 auf ihrer Sticky & Sweet Tour. Sie spielte das Lied mit einer elektrischen Gitarre, dabei wurde auf einer Leinwand im Hintergrund ein Video gezeigt, in dem die amerikanische Sängerin Britney Spears in einem Aufzug gefangen ist. Beim Auftritt des Liedes sang Madonna am Ende des Liedes noch die hinzugefügte Zeile: "It's Britney, bitch". Bei einem Konzert von Madonna am 6. November 2008 in Los Angeles hatte Britney Spears einen Gastauftritt, als sie das Lied zusammen mit Madonna sang. Weiters war der Song Teil der MDNA Tour 2012. Madonna trug beim Auftritt schwarze weite Hosen, Hackenschuhe und ein weißes Hemd, derer sie sich während des Songs entledigte.

Musikvideo

Die Regie zum Musikvideo führte Jean-Baptiste Mondino (der zuvor schon Regie in den Musikvideos von Open Your Heart und Justify My Love führte) zusammen mit Madonna. Madonnas Look und Outfit symbolisieren im Musikvideo das Motto "Latex und Leder", dies solle die "Beschränkungen unserer Gesellschaft" darstellen. Für das Musikvideo färbte Madonna ihre blonden Haare schwarz. Das Kostüm, welches Madonna im Musikvideo trägt, wurde kurz nach den Aufnahmen in die Rock and Roll Hall of Fame aufgenommen.

Das Musikvideo wurde innerhalb von zwei Tagen am 6. Mai und 7. Mai 1995 in den Raleigh Studios in Hollywood, Los Angeles aufgenommen. Die Comics von Eric Stanton dienten dem Musikvideo als Inspiration. Dies erklärte Madonna in einem "behind the scenes"-Interview, während das Musikvideo gedreht wurde. Sie sagte: "Mondino fand dieses Buch von dem Illustrator namens Stanton, welcher S&M-Darstellungen zeichnete und sich mit diesen auseinandersetzte, aber wir wollten nicht das volle S&M, wir wollten es nur in Maßen, um Spaß an der Sache zu haben."

Veröffentlichung

Charts

Weblinks
 "Human Nature" Single Seite Mad-eyes.net

Einzelnachweise

Popsong
Contemporary-R&B-Lied
Dancesong
Lied 1995
Madonna-Lied
Lied von Madonna

Human Nature (Madonna-Lied)


NGC 210 este o galaxie spirală situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 3 octombrie 1785 de către William Herschel. De asemena, a fost observată încă o dată în 15 octombrie 1830 de către John Herschel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 209
 NGC 211

Legături externe
 NGC 210 pe spider.seds.org
 NGC 210 pe WikiSky

Galaxii spirale
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1785
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de William Herschel

NGC 210


Cavaso del Tomba ist eine nordostitalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Treviso in Venetien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 34 Kilometer nordwestlich von Treviso. Cavaso del Tomba grenzt unmittelbar an die Provinz Belluno und gehört zur Comunità Montana del Grappa. Bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg hieß die Gemeinde nur Cavaso und wurde infolgedessen (1922) mit dem Zusatz des Monte Tomba benannt. Der Verwaltungssitz der Gemeinde befindet sich im Ortsteil Caniezza.

Persönlichkeiten
 Giandomenico Basso (* 1973), Rallyefahrer, in Cavaso del Tomba aufgewachsen

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Venetien

Cavaso del Tomba


The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates.

Foot or feet may also refer to:

Measures
 Foot (unit), a unit of length, now usually 0.3048 m or 12 inches
 Foot of a perpendicular, in geometry, a point where perpendicular lines intersect
 Foot, an alternative name for the fotmal, a unit of weight usually equal to 70 pounds

Arts, entertainment, and media
 The Feet, a defunct American dance magazine (1970–1973)
 Foot (prosody), meter in poetry
 Foot Clan, a group of ninja in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series

Places
 Foot Lake, a lake in Minnesota
 Tchibanga Airport, Gabon (ICAO code FOOT)

People
 Foot (surname)

Other uses
 Foot (hieroglyph), an ancient Egyptian symbol
 Foot (mollusc), part of the typical mollusc body plan along with the shell, viscera, and mantle
 Foot (sewing), part of a sewing machine
 Foot (sailing), the lower edge of a sail
 Infantry; see List of Regiments of Foot
 Foot orienteering, the sport of orienteering

Acronym
 Faculty of Optics and Optometry of Terrassa, or FOOT, at Polytechnic University of Catalonia
 Foothill Independent Bancorp (NASDAQ: FOOT), California bank acquired in 2005 by First National Bancorp, now PacWest Bancorp

Foot (disambiguation)


Act venețian este o piesă de teatru a autorului român Camil Petrescu.

Prezentare

Povestea are loc în Veneția, în ultimii ei ani ca republică independentă, în Palatul Pietro Gralla (actul I și III) și într-un chioșc mic izolat pe mare (actul II).

Personaje
 Pietro, un bărbat ca de 40 - 50 de ani, fost sclav și pirat
 Alta, femeie, cu o frumusețe neliniștitoare
 Nicola, un uriaș tăcut
 Cellino, un tânăr și frivol nobil

Reprezentații

Teatru radiofonic
 1965 - Act venețian, adaptare de Eugenia Dovides și Magdalena Boiangiu, regia artistică Elena Negreanu. Cu actorii Olga Tudorache, Gheorghe Ionescu Gion, Victor Rebengiuc, Colea Răutu și Victoria Mierlescu. Regia de studio: Crânguța Manea. Regia muzicală: Romeo Chelaru. Regia tehnică: ing. George Buican.

Ecranizării

Referințe și note

Bibliografie
 Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu, Teatrul lui Camil Petrescu, în Literatura română între cele două războaie, ed. cit, vol.I.

Legături externe
 Act venețian,  RegizorCautPiesa.ro

Vezi și

 Listă de piese de teatru românești

Piese de teatru de Camil Petrescu
Piese de teatru istorice
Piese de teatru în 3 acte

Act venețian


A ghost is a spirit of a dead person that may appear to the living.

Ghost or Ghosts may also refer to:

People
Ghost (producer), British hip hop producer
Ghost (singer) (born 1974), singer
Dave Casper (born 1952), a.k.a. The Ghost, American football wide receiver
Shayne Gostisbehere (born 1993), a.k.a. The Ghost, American ice hockey player
Robert Guerrero (born 1983), a.k.a. The Ghost, American boxer
Ivan Moody (born 1980), a.k.a. Ghost, member of Five Finger Death Punch
Styles P (born 1974), a.k.a. The Ghost, American rapper
Kelly Pavlik (born 1982), a.k.a. The Ghost, American boxer
Matt Urban (1919–1995), a.k.a. The Ghost, United States Army Lieutenant Colonel

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional entities
 Ghost (comics), several characters and publications
 Ghost (Dungeons & Dragons)
 Ghost (Hamlet), character from William Shakespeare's play Hamlet
 Ghost (The Matrix), a character in Enter the Matrix
 Ghost, the robotic companion of guardians in Destiny
 Ghost, a character in the novel Lost Souls
 Ghost, a type of Pokémon
 Haunter (Pokémon), a Pokémon known in Japan as Ghost
 Ghosts (Pac-Man), the recurring antagonists in the Pac-Man franchise
 Ghosts, group of Gaunt's Ghosts characters
 Ghosts, type of Terran soldier in StarCraft
 Simon "Ghost" Riley, a character in Call of Duty
 The Ghost, a VCX-100 light freighter from Star Wars: Rebels
 Ghost, the ship of Wolf Larsen in Jack London's novel The Sea-Wolf

Films
Ghosts (1915 film), silent American film starring Henry B. Walthall
The Ghost (1963 film), Italian horror film
The Ghost (1982 film), German drama film
Ghost (1984 film), Japanese experimental short film
Ghosts… of the Civil Dead, 1988 Australian political suspense film
Ghost (1990 film), American romantic fantasy film
Michael Jackson's Ghosts, 1997 short film
Ghost (1998 film), Iranian film
The Ghost (2004 film), South Korean horror film
Ghosts (2005 film), German drama film
Ghosts (2006 film), British drama film
The Ghost (2008 film), Russian thriller film
The Ghost (2010 film), French-German-British political thriller film
Ghost: In Your Arms Again, 2010 Japanese remake of the 1990 American film Ghost
Ghost (2012 film), Indian horror film
Ghosts, a 2014 film also known as Jessabelle
Ghosts (2014 film), Iranian drama film
Ghost (2015 film), Russian comedy film
Ghost (2019 film), Indian horror thriller film
Ghost (2020 film), British independent film about the first day of freedom for an ex-con
The Ghost (2022 film), Indian Telugu-language action thriller film
Ghost (2023 film), Indian Kannada-language heist action thriller film

Gaming
Ghost (game), word game
Ghost (video gaming), game feature
GHOSTS (video game), an upcoming game
Call of Duty: Ghosts, a 2013 game in the Call of Duty franchise
Ghost 1.0, video game
Ghosts (board game)
StarCraft: Ghost, indefinitely suspended video game

Literature
Ghost (Reynolds novel), by Jason Reynolds
"Ghost", a story by Larry Niven in Crashlander
Ghost, by John Ringo
Ghosts (Aira novel), 1990 novel by César Aira
Ghosts (Auster novel), by Paul Auster
Ghosts (Banville novel), 1993 novel by Irish writer John Banville
Ghosts (play), by Henrik Ibsen
The Ghost (novel), by Robert Harris
The Ghost, novel series by George Mann
The Ghosts, 1969 novel by Antonia Barber

Music

Groups and labels
Ghost (1984 band), Japanese experimental rock group
Ghost (2004 band), Japanese visual kei rock group
Ghost (Swedish band), rock group
Ghosts (band), British indie/pop group
The Ghost (American band), American punk rock group
The Ghost (Faroese band), electropop duo
Ghost9, South Korean boygroup

Albums
Ghost (soundtrack), to the 1990 film
Ghost (Crack the Sky album), 2001
Ghost (Devin Townsend Project album), 2011
Ghost (Gary Numan album), 1988
Ghost (Ghost album), 1990
Ghost (In Fiction EP), 2007
Ghost (Kate Rusby album), 2014
Ghost (Radical Face album), 2007
Ghost (Sky Ferreira EP), 2012
Ghost (Third Eye Foundation album), 1997
Ghosts (Albert Ayler album), 1965
Ghosts (Ash Riser album), 2017
Ghosts (Big Wreck album), 2014
Ghosts (Cowboy Junkies album), 2020
Ghosts (The Marked Men album), 2009
Ghosts (Monolake album), 2012
Ghosts (Rage album), 1999
Ghosts (Siobhán Donaghy album), 2007
Ghosts (Sleeping at Last album), 2003
Ghosts (Strawbs album), 1975
Ghosts (Techno Animal album), 1991
Ghosts (Wendy Matthews album), 1997
Ghosts, a series of albums by Nine Inch Nails
Ghosts I–IV, 2008
Ghosts V: Together, 2020
Ghosts VI: Locusts, 2020
The Ghost (Songs: Ohia album), 1999
The Ghost (Before the Dawn album), 2006

Songs
"Ghost" (Ella Henderson song), 2014
"Ghost" (Fefe Dobson song), 2010
"Ghost" (Gackt song), 2009
"Ghost" (Halsey song), 2015
"Ghost" (Jamie-Lee Kriewitz song), 2015
"Ghost" (Justin Bieber song), 2021
"Ghost" (Mystery Skulls song), 2013
"Ghost" (Phish song), 1998
"Ghost", by The 69 Eyes from Angels, 2007
"Ghost", by Ava Max from Diamonds & Dancefloors, 2023
"Ghost", by Beat Crusaders from EpopMAKING ~ Pop Tono Sogu ~, 2007
"Ghost", by Buckethead from Colma, 1998
"Ghost", by Clutch from Blast Tyrant, 2004
"Ghost", by Depeche Mode from Sounds of the Universe, 2009
"Ghost", by Guttermouth from Full Length LP, 1991
"Ghost", by Hollywood Undead from Day of the Dead, 2015
"Ghost", by House of Heroes from The End Is Not the End, 2009
"Ghost", by Howie Day from Australia, 2000
"Ghost", by Indigo Girls from Rites of Passage, 1992
"Ghost", by Ingrid Michaelson from Human Again, 2011
"GHOST", a single by American rapper Jaden
"Ghost",  by Jes from Disconnect
"Ghost", by Katy Perry from Prism, 2013
"Ghost", by Little Boots from Hands, 2009
"Ghost", by Live from Secret Samadhi, 1997
"Ghost", by Mark Owen from The Art of Doing Nothing, 2013
"Ghost", by Mystery Skulls from Forever, 2014
"Ghost", by Neutral Milk Hotel from In the Aeroplane Over the Sea, 1998
"Ghost", by Pearl Jam from Riot Act, 2002
"Ghost", by Plastic Tree from Chandelier, 2005
"Ghost", by Sir Sly from Gold, 2013
"Ghost", by Skip the Use from Can Be Late, 2012
"Ghost", by Slash from Slash, 2010
"Ghost", by Sleeping with Sirens from How It Feels to Be Lost, 2019
"Ghost", by Tom Swoon, 2014
"Ghost", the first part of the 2013 song "Haunted" by Beyoncé
"Ghost", by Zoe Wees from Golden Wings, 2021
"GHOST!", by Kid Cudi from Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager, 2010
"Ghosts" (Bruce Springsteen song), 2020
"Ghosts" (Dirty Vegas song), 2002
"Ghosts" (Japan song), 1982
"Ghosts" (Laura Marling song), 2007
"Ghosts" (Michael Jackson song), 1997
"Ghosts", by 1 Giant Leap from 1 Giant Leap, 2002
"Ghosts", by Albert Ayler from Spiritual Unity, 1965
"Ghosts", by Ariel Pink and John Maus from Lover Boy, 2002
"Ghosts", by Assemblage 23 from Meta, 2007
"Ghosts", by Big Wreck from Ghosts, 2014
"Ghosts", by Caravan Palace from Chronologic, 2019
"Ghosts", by Funeral for a Friend from Memory and Humanity, 2008
"Ghosts", by Ghosts from The World Is Outside, 2007
"Ghosts", by The Jam from The Gift, 1982
"Ghosts", by Kansas from In the Spirit of Things, 1988
"Ghosts", by Ladytron from Velocifero, 2008
"Ghosts", by Mike Shinoda from Post Traumatic, 2018
"Ghosts", by The Presets from Pacifica, 2012
"Ghosts", by PVRIS from White Noise, 2014
"Ghosts", by Rage from Ghosts, 1999
"Ghosts", by Robbie Williams from Intensive Care, 2005
"Ghosts", by Shellac from 1000 Hurts, 2000
"Ghosts", by Susumu Hirasawa from Sword-Wind Chronicle BERSERK Original Soundtrack, 1997

Other music
Ghost, a piano trio by Beethoven
Ghost note, a type of musical note
Ghost the Musical, a 2011 stage musical

Television

Series
Ghosts (1995 British TV series), a BBC series
Ghost (2008 TV series), a Malaysian mystery series
Ghost (Korean TV series), 2012 police procedural series
Ghosts (2019 British TV series), a BBC sitcom
Ghosts (American TV series), a 2021 CBS sitcom based on BBC sitcom
Kamen Rider Ghost, a 2015–16 TV Asahi tokusatsu series

Episodes
"Ghost" (Dollhouse)
"Ghosts", an episode of Dark
"Ghosts" (Gotham)
"Ghosts" (Hidden Palms)
"Ghosts" (Justified)
"Ghosts", an episode of One Day at a Time
"Ghosts" (Person of Interest)
"Ghosts" (Psych)
"Ghosts", a season two episode of The Protector
"The Ghost" (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)
"The Ghost" (The Amazing World of Gumball)
"The Ghost" (Miracles)
"Ghosts" (The Walking Dead)

Other television
Ghosting (television), an unwanted image

Computing and technology
Ghost (blogging platform), blogging software built in JavaScript
Ghost (disk utility), a disk cloning program
Ghost (operating system), an operating system project
G.ho.st, an operating system
IAI Ghost, a rotary mini UAV

Science

Biology
Ghost cell, a necrotic cell that retains its cellular architecture but has no nucleus
Ghost lineage, an inferred phylogenetic lineage
Ghost population, an inferred statistical population

Physics
Ghost (physics), an unphysical state in quantum field theory
Faddeev–Popov ghost, a type of unphysical field in quantum field theory
Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) a telescope instrument

Other uses
Ghost (fashion brand)
Ghost (mascot), a joke mainly used by sports fans in Latin America
Global horizontal sounding technique, an atmospheric field research project in the late 1960s
Juliet Marine Systems Ghost, a stealth ship
Rolls-Royce Ghost, a car

See also

Apparition (disambiguation)
Ghost in the machine (disambiguation)
Ghost boat (disambiguation)
Ghost Island (disambiguation)
Ghost pepper (Bhut jolokia)
Ghost Ship (disambiguation)
Ghost town (disambiguation)
Ghost train (disambiguation)
Ghosted (disambiguation)
Ghosting (disambiguation)
Ghostly (disambiguation)
Phantom (disambiguation)

Ghost (disambiguation)


Diamond-Star Motors (DSM) was an automobile-manufacturing joint venture between the Chrysler Corporation and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (MMC). The name came from the parent companies' respective logos: three diamonds (Mitsubishi) and a pentastar (Chrysler). Diamond-Star Motors was officially renamed Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing of America, Inc. (MMMA) in 1995, four years after Mitsubishi took sole control of the plant, and from 2002 to 2016 its official name had been Mitsubishi Motors North America, Inc. (MMNA) Manufacturing Division.

In the automotive enthusiast community, DSM, especially used in the singular (e.g. a DSM) generally refers to the original first- and second-generation Mitsubishi Eclipse, Eagle Talon, and Plymouth Laser, which all shared the same Diamond-Star Motors vehicle platform.

History

Background
The origins of Diamond-Star Motors can be traced back to 1970 when Chrysler Corporation took a 15 percent stake in Mitsubishi Motors, as part of MMC's strategy of expansion through alliances with foreign partners. The U.S. company began distributing Mitsubishis as Chrysler-, Dodge-, and Plymouth-branded captive imports (e.g. Dodge Colt), a successful venture as the compact cars met consumer demand for smaller and more fuel-efficient vehicles in the 1970s, filling a gap at the bottom of the Chrysler group's range.

By 1982, Chrysler was importing 110,000 Mitsubishis annually. However, a minor conflict was forming as the Japanese now wanted to sell directly through their own-branded dealerships. A voluntary import quota system was in place at this time, restricting the number of cars Japanese automakers could bring into the U.S. As the Japanese company began to open its own branded dealerships to sell directly, every imported Cordia, Tredia, and Starion sold by Mitsubishi had to be discounted from Chrysler's allocation. Another point of contention was that Chrysler had the right of first refusal of any Mitsubishi automobiles in the US market until 1990.

Incorporation

In order to circumvent this, the two partners officially incorporated Diamond-Star Motors in October 1985. An incentive package worth US$274 million, and an intense and controversial lobbying effort by state and local government authorities, meant that Illinois won the new auto plant, and in April 1986 ground was broken on a  production facility in the town of Normal. The plant was completed in March 1988, with an annual capacity of 240,000 vehicles.  In 1989, the workers at the plant formed United Auto Workers Local 2488, and signed their first contract with the company.

Initially, three models were produced at this facility. The Mitsubishi Eclipse, Plymouth Laser, and Eagle Talon were smaller 2+2 sports cars on a new co-designed platform. Models subsequently produced during the next decade included the Mitsubishi Mirage/Dodge/Plymouth Colt/Eagle Summit sedans, the Mitsubishi Galant, the Dodge Avenger Coupe/Chrysler Sebring Coupe, and the Dodge Stratus Coupe.

Departure of Chrysler
Initially Diamond-Star Motors was a 50-50 joint venture between Chrysler and Mitsubishi. However, in 1991 the Japanese company purchased its partner's interest, and thereafter the manufacture of Chrysler vehicles was on a contractual basis. Chrysler sold its equity stake to Mitsubishi in 1993, and Diamond-Star Motors was renamed Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America (MMMA) on July 1, 1995. Despite the departure, the two companies have maintained various co-operative manufacturing agreements since and considered all vehicle produced until 1995 as Diamond Star Motors.

Formerly, the plant produced vehicles using the American-developed Mitsubishi PS platform, including the Endeavor, Galant, and Eclipse.  An expansion in 2003 enlarged the plant to  .  In mid-2012, the plant began producing the Mitsubishi ASX which is sold in United States as the Outlander Sport. Approximately 1,900 people worked in the highly mechanized plant, alongside approximately 1,000 robots.

Closure
In July 2015, Mitsubishi announced that it would end production at the plant in Normal. The plant had been operating well below capacity for several years.  In 2014, it produced just over 61,000 vehicles out of a capacity of 240,000 vehicles annually. Production would shift to Japan, with Mitsubishi importing all vehicles sold in North America. Mitsubishi said it would try to sell the plant to preserve jobs, but that the plant would be closed by November if no buyer was found.  Ultimately a buyer was not found in time, and production ended on the 30th of November.  Most of the workers (900 out of 1200) were let go on that date, with the rest staying to build replacement parts until the final closure of the plant in May 2016.  Eventually the plant was sold to Maynards Industries, an auctioning and liquidation firm, with ownership to transfer June 1, 2016.

Currently, the facility is owned by American electric vehicle startup Rivian, which in 2017 acquired the plant and its contents for $16 million.

Production

(source: MMNA Production History and Facts and Figures 2016)

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1988
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1985
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 2015
Mitsubishi Motors factories
Companies based in Bloomington–Normal
Joint ventures
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Illinois
Chrysler factories
1985 establishments in Illinois
2015 disestablishments in Illinois
Normal, Illinois

Diamond-Star Motors


"Over the Rainbow" is a ballad by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg. It was written for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, in which it was sung by actress Judy Garland in her starring role as Dorothy Gale. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song.

About five minutes into the film, Dorothy sings the song after failing to get Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, and the farmhands to listen to her story of an unpleasant incident involving her dog, Toto, and the town spinster, Miss Gulch (Margaret Hamilton). Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". This prompts her to walk off by herself, musing to Toto, "Someplace where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain", at which point she begins singing.

Background
Composer Harold Arlen and lyricist Yip Harburg often worked in tandem, Harburg generally suggesting an idea or title for Arlen to set to music, before Harburg contributed the lyrics. For their work together on The Wizard of Oz, Harburg claimed his inspiration was "a ballad for a little girl who... was in trouble and... wanted to get away from... Kansas. A dry, arid, colorless place. She had never seen anything colorful in her life except the rainbow". Arlen decided the idea needed "a melody with a long broad line".

By the time all the other songs for the film had been written, Arlen was feeling the pressure of not having the song for the Kansas scene. He often carried blank pieces of music manuscript in his pockets to jot down short melodic ideas. Arlen described how the inspiration for the melody to "Over the Rainbow" came to him suddenly while his wife Anya drove:

"I said to Mrs. Arlen... 'let's go to Grauman's Chinese ... You drive the car, I don't feel too well right now.' I wasn't thinking of work. I wasn't consciously thinking of work, I just wanted to relax. And as we drove by Schwab's Drug Store on Sunset I said, 'Pull over, please.' ... And we stopped and I really don't know why—bless the muses—and I took out my little bit of manuscript and put down what you know now as 'Over the Rainbow.'"

The song was originally sung in A-flat major. Arlen later wrote the contrasting bridge section based on the idea of "a child's piano exercise".

Italian newspaper Il Messaggero has noted a resemblance, both harmonic and melodic, between Over the Rainbow and the theme of the intermezzo (known as Ratcliff's Dream) of Pietro Mascagni's 1895 opera Guglielmo Ratcliff.

The Wizard of Oz
The music was played on a particularly renowned Stradivarius violin.

Recordings by Judy Garland

On October 7, 1938, Judy Garland recorded the song on the MGM soundstage with an arrangement by Murray Cutter. In September 1939, a studio recording of the song, not from the film soundtrack, was recorded and released as a single for Decca. In March 1940, that same recording was included on a Decca 78 four-record studio cast album entitled The Wizard of Oz. Although this isn't the version that appeared in the film, Decca continued to release the "cast album" into the 1960s after it was reissued on disc, a 33-rpm album.

The film version of "Over the Rainbow" was unavailable to the public until the soundtrack was released by MGM in 1956 to coincide with the television premiere of The Wizard of Oz. The soundtrack version has been re-released several times over the years, including a deluxe edition by Rhino in 1995.

After The Wizard of Oz appeared in 1939, "Over the Rainbow" became Garland's signature song. She performed it for thirty years and sang it as she had for the film. She said she wanted to remain true to the character of Dorothy and to the message of being somewhere over the rainbow.

Other lyrics
An introductory verse ("When all the world is a hopeless jumble...") that was omitted from the film is sometimes used in theatrical productions of The Wizard of Oz and is included in the piano sheet music from the film. It was used in versions by Tony Bennett, Al Bowlly, Doris Day, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Mandy Patinkin, Trisha Yearwood, Melissa Manchester, Hilary Kole, Jewel, Eva Cassidy, and Norma Waterson. Judy Garland sang the introductory verse at least once, on a 1948 radio broadcast of The Louella Parsons Show. Lyrics for a second verse ("Once by a word only lightly spoken...") appeared in the British edition of the sheet music.

Awards and honors
In March 2017, Judy Garland's 1939 Decca single was entered in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as music that is "culturally, historically, or artistically significant". The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) ranked it number one on their Songs of the Century list. The American Film Institute named it best movie song on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs list.

"Over the Rainbow" was given the Towering Song Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame and was sung at its dinner on June 12, 2014, by Jackie Evancho. In April 2005, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp honoring Yip Harburg that includes a lyric.

It was sent as an audio wakeup call to astronauts aboard the STS-88 space shuttle mission on Flight Day 4, dedicated to astronaut Robert D. Cabana by his daughter Sara.

According to his family, Gene Wilder died while listening to "Over the Rainbow" sung by Ella Fitzgerald, one of his favorite songs.

German versions
The first German version in the English language was recorded by the Swing Orchestra Heinz Wehner (1908–1945) in March 1940 in Berlin. Wehner, at this time a well-known international German swing artist, also took over the vocals. The first German version in German language was sung by Inge Brandenburg (1929–1999) in 1960.

Israel Kamakawiwoʻole version

Recording session
On the album  Facing Future (1993), Israel Kamakawiwoʻole included "Over the Rainbow" in a ukulele medley with "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong. Kamakawiwoʻole called the recording studio at 3a.m. He was given 15 minutes to arrive by Milan Bertosa.

Bertosa said, "And in walks the largest human being I had seen in my life. Israel was probably like 500 pounds. And the first thing at hand is to find something for him to sit on." A security guard gave Israel a large steel chair. "Then I put up some microphones, do a quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over."

Chart activity and sales
Kamakawiwoʻole's version reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot Digital Tracks chart during the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004). In the U.S., it was certified Platinum for million downloads sold. As of October 2014 it had sold over 4.2 million digital copies.

In the UK his version was released as a single under the title "Somewhere Over the Rainbow". It entered the UK Official Singles Chart in April 2007 at number 68. In Germany, the single also returned to the German Singles Chart in September 2010. After two weeks on that chart, it received gold status for selling 150,000 copies. In October 2010, it reached number one on the German charts. In 2011 was certified 5× gold for selling over 750,000 copies. It stayed at the top spot for twelve non-consecutive weeks and was the most successful single in Germany in 2010. In March 2010 it was the second best-selling download in Germany with digital sales between 500,000 and 600,000. In France, it debuted at number four in December 2010 and reached number one. In Switzerland, it received Platinum status for 30,000 copies sold.

Kamakawiwoʻole's version of "Over the Rainbow" has been used in commercials, films and television programs, including 50 First Dates, Charmed, Cold Case, ER, Finding Forrester, Horizon, Life on Mars, Meet Joe Black, Scrubs, Snakes on a Plane, Son of the Mask, and the television series South Pacific. The Kamakawiwoʻole version was sung by the cast of Glee on the season one finale "Journey" and included on Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals, charting at number 30 in the UK, 31 in Canada and Ireland, 42 in Australia, and 43 in the U.S.

Certifications

Eva Cassidy version

Eva Cassidy recorded a studio version of the song for The Other Side (1992). After her death in 1996, it was included on the posthumous compilation Songbird (1998). In December 2000, a clip of Cassidy performing the song at Blues Alley was featured on the BBC2 program Top of the Pops 2. Following the premiere, it became the program's most-requested video in history, and demand for the album soared after the clip was re-aired in January 2001. The song was subsequently released as a single the same month, on January 29.

"Over the Rainbow" debuted at number 88 on the UK Singles Chart in February 2001 and climbed to number 42 in May, becoming Cassidy's first single to chart in the United Kingdom. In Scotland, it reached number 36, giving Cassidy her first top-40 single in that region. It was her highest-charting song in the United Kingdom until 2007, when "What a Wonderful World" reached number one. The song also reached number 27 in Ireland in December, becoming her only top-40 hit in that country.

Cassidy's recording was selected by the BBC for its Songs of the Century album in 1999. Her performance at Blues Alley appeared on the album Simply Eva (2011).

Track listing
UK CD single
 "Over the Rainbow" – 4:58
 "Dark End of the Street" – 3:52

Charts

Certifications

Cliff Richard version

On December 3, 2001, the British singer Cliff Richard recorded a cover of the mashup "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"/"What a Wonderful World" on his album Wanted. At the time of release the official website for the album explained that it consisted of "hits Cliff's always 'Wanted' to record." The album is primarily made up of cover songs, including songs by artists such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Carole King and Tina Turner. The inspiration for the album came when Richard was sent a copy of Israel Kamakawiwo'ole's recording of "Over the Rainbow" combined with "What a Wonderful World" weeks into the year 2000 and he knew immediately he wanted to record it.

The mashup reggae-themed track with a lot of similarities to the Israel Kamakawiwo'ole arrangement was released as the debut single from the album Wanted and charted on the UK Singles Chart peaking at number 11 and stayed for 6 weeks in the British charts. Richard premiered it on the Open House with Gloria Hunniford on November 6, 2001. On the date of release of the single on December 3, 2001, he was invited to the ITV programme This Morning to perform it live. He also performed it at the Premier Christmas Spectacular at Methodist Westminster Central Hall in London on December 14, 2001.

Charts

Danielle Hope version

Danielle Hope, the winner of the BBC talent show Over the Rainbow, released a cover version of the song as a digital download on May 23, 2010, and a single on May 31, 2010. As it was recorded before a winner was announced, runners-up Lauren Samuels and Sophie Evans also recorded versions.

The single was a charity record that raised money for the BBC Performing Arts Fund and Prostate UK.

Track listings
UK digital download
"Over the Rainbow" – 2:58

CD single
"Over the Rainbow"
"The Wizard of Oz medley" – Sophie Evans, Danielle Hope and Lauren Samuels

Charts

Robin Schulz, Alle Farben and Israel Kamakawiwoʻole version

In July 2021, German musician, DJ and record producer Robin Schulz and the German DJ and producer Alle Farben released a mashup "Somewhere Over the Rainbow / What a Wonderful World" based on Kamakawiwoʻole's version and voice on Sony Music Entertainment, B1/Warner Music. The new remix version has charted in Germany, France and Belgium. A new official video was also released.

Charts

Other versions

The Demensions recorded an ethereal, orchestral, and dreamy doo-wop version, arranged by composer Seymour Barab that reached number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960 and number 17 in Canada. Katharine McPhee's version in 2006 reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 1965 Australian band Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs released the song as a single following the release of an EP called I Told The Brook in 1964.  The single went to Number 2 on the Australian charts.

Jerry Lee Lewis included "Over the Rainbow" on his 1980 album Killer Country on Elektra Records. This version went to number 10 on the Pop Country charts.

Nicholas David, a contestant on the third season of The Voice, recorded a version that went to number 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2012 with sales of 48,000 copies.

American singer Ariana Grande released a version of the song on June 6, 2017, to raise money at her benefit concert One Love Manchester after 22 people were killed in the Manchester Arena bombing at Grande's concert on May 22, 2017. Her live performance at the benefit concert was televised two days prior, i.e. on June 4, 2017. The song was then added to the setlist of her  Dangerous Woman Tour. The version peaked at number 60 on the UK Singles Chart on the week ending June 22, 2017.

See also
 Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz
 List of 1930s jazz standards
 List of best-selling singles
 List of best-selling singles in the United States

References

External links

 The Judy Garland Online Discography

1939 songs
1939 singles
1930s jazz standards
Songs about weather
Film theme songs
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
American songs
Pop ballads
Songs written for films
Songs with music by Harold Arlen
Songs with lyrics by Yip Harburg
Songs from The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
Judy Garland songs
Labelle songs
Somewhere Over the Rainbow
Al Bowlly songs
Ben Platt songs
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
United States National Recording Registry recordings
Pop standards
Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)
Polydor Records singles
Republic Records singles
Sony Music singles
Warner Music Group singles

Over the Rainbow


Popis novih maglica (eng. List of New Nebulae, kratica prema imenu autora Au) je katalog maglica koji je sastavio astronom Arthur Auwers. Objavio ga je 1862. godine. Sadrži 50 objekata.

Poveznice
 Katalozi objekata dubokog svemira

Izvori

 Astronomski katalozi

Au (astronomski katalog)


5533 Bagrov este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
5533 Bagrov este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul de Astrofizică din Crimeea de Pelagheia Șain. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,24 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 5,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 5001-6000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1935
Centura de asteroizi

5533 Bagrov


is one of the most famous traditional songs and dance (min'yō) in Japan. It is a sea shanty that is said to have been first sung by the fishermen of Hokkaido.

The commonly known version of the song and dance is called  and was created in 1991 at the Wakkanai Minami Junior High School. It uses the song and text of  Takio Ito's Takio no Sōran Bushi from 1988, which is a modernized version of the original song with a faster rhythm and a more modern music and text. The choreography was developed by the Butoh dancer Jushō Kasuga, which includes acting ocean waves, fishermen dragging nets, pulling ropes and lifting luggage over their shoulders. The school received an honorable mention at the Folk Song and Dance Awards National Convention in 1992, and one year later the Grand Prix of the Prime Minister of Japan. This made the song and dance nationally known, so that this dance is taught in many schools across Japan as part of the curriculum.

During regular intervals of the dance, the words "Dokkoisho! Dokkoisho!" and "Soran! Soran!" are called. Those words were used in the past to encourage the fisherman during their work.

Lyrics and translation

An excerpt from one of the many text versions of "Sōran Bushi"

Japanese (Rōmaji):

Yāren sōran sōran
Sōran sōran sōran (hai hai!)
Nishin kita ka to kamome ni toeba,
Watasha tatsu tori nami ni kike choi.

CHORUS (kakegoe)
Yasa e en ya sa dokkoisho
(a dokkoisho, dokkoisho!)

Yāren sōran...
Oyaji tairyō da mukashi to chigau
toreta nishin wa ore no mono choi

Yāren sōran...
Ichi-jō-go-shaku no ro o kogu fune mo
horeta ano go nya te mo choi

Yāren sōran...
Tama no suhada ga shibuki ni nurerya
uwaki kamome ga mite sawagu choi

Rough English Translation:

 Oh!!! Soran, soran, soran
 soran, soran, soran. (yes, yes!)
 When we hear the jabbering of seagulls on the high seas,
 we know we can't give up our fishing lives on the ocean.

 CHORUS Put your backs into it! Heave, ho! Heave, ho! (Heave, ho! Heave, ho!)

 Oh!!! Soran...
 Boss, I tell you, the size of this catch of herring
 is different from all the others. And it's all MINE.

 Oh!!! Soran...
 Even if I row four and a half metres,
 I couldn't get that girl's attention.

 Oh!!! Soran...
 A flighty seagull twitters in excitement
 As it sees my bare skin, glistening with ocean surf.

References

Dances of Japan
Culture of Hokkaido
Japanese folk songs

Sōran Bushi


Georg Wende (* 2. August 1903 in Bobile, Deutsches Reich; † unbekannt) war ein deutscher Jurist und Oberregierungsrat.

Werdegang
Wende wurde am 2. August 1903 als Sohn des Erbschulzen Hugo Wende in Bobile in Schlesien geboren. Nachdem er dort die Volksschule besucht hatte, trat er Ostern 1914 in die Sexta des humanistischen Gymnasiums in Rawitsch ein. Da Rawitsch gemäß dem Friedensvertrag von Versailles im Januar 1920 an Polen gefallen war, beendete er Ostern 1924 die Schulausbildung am humanistischen Gymnasium in Wohlau mit dem Abitur.

Danach studierte er an der Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften. Sein Erstes Juristisches Staatsexamen legte er am 9./10. März 1928 vor dem Oberlandesgericht zu Breslau ab. Nachdem er zum Referendar ernannt wurde, genoss er seine Ausbildung zunächst in Brieg und ab Oktober 1928 am Landgericht zu Breslau. Wende wurde 1929 an der Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Breslau mit einer Studie Die staatsrechtliche Stellung des preussischen Staatsministeriums zum Dr. jur. promoviert.

Mit der Ernennung Wolfgang Haensels zum Präsidenten des Bayerischen Landessozialgerichts in München im Jahre 1959 folgte ihm Wende auf das Amt des Senatspräsidenten. Schon kurz darauf wurde er zum Vizepräsidenten ernannt und ging 1968 in den Ruhestand.

Gemeinsam mit Wilhelm Thannheiser, Ministerialdirigent in München, und Robert Zech, Ministerialrat im Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung in München, war er Begründer des Handbuchs des Bundesversorgungsrechts. Außerdem war er Schriftleiter der Zeitschrift Die Kriegsopferversorgung (), die als Fachorgan für Versorgungsrecht, Versorgungspraxis und Versorgungsmedizin im Juli 1952 erstmals herauskam, dessen Hauptschriftleiter er 1955 wurde und die Dezember 1975 wieder eingestellt wurde.

Ehrungen
 1968: Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Schriften

Weblinks
 Werke von Georg Wende im Projekt Gutenberg-DE

Einzelnachweise

Richter (Landessozialgericht)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes 1. Klasse
Deutscher
Person (München)
Geboren 1903
Gestorben im 20. oder 21. Jahrhundert
Mann

Georg Wende


Fosfonații și acizii fosfonici sunt compuși organofosforici derivați de la acid fosforic ce conțin grupe funcționale R'−PO(OH)2 sau R'−PO(OR)2 (unde R = alchil, aril). Un tip de fosfonați, bisfosfonații, alcătuiesc o clasă de medicamente care sunt utilizate în tratamentul osteoporozei.

Obținere
Fosfonații se obțin în urma reacției Michaelis-Arbuzov, în care are loc reacția dintre o halogenură de alchil și un fosfit:

Proprietăți chimice

Hidroliza
Fosfonații esteri sunt în general susceptibili la hidroliză atât în mediu acid, cât și în mediu bazic. Ruperea legăturii fosfor-carbon este mai greu de realizat, dar se poate face în condiții mai avansate de reacție, când se obține acidul fosfonic corespunzător și alcoolul:

R'-PO-(OR)2 + 2 H2O → R'-PO-(OH)2 + 2 ROH

Reacția Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons
În această reacție, dialchil-fosfonații sunt deprotonați dând carbanioni, care la rândul lor reacționează cu aldehidele formând E-alchene și un dialchil-fosfat:

Note

Vezi și
 Fosfat

Grupe funcționale
Acizi organici
Agenți chelatori
Compuși organofosforați

Fosfonat


Ali Ata Demirer (d. 6 Temmuz 1972, Bursa), Türk oyuncu, komedyen ve müzisyen.

Yaşamı
1972 yılında Bursa'da doğdu. Arnavut kökenli bir baba ve Ahıska Türkü bir annenin ilk çocuğudur, kendisinden altı yaş küçük Cenk adında bir kardeşi vardır. Müziğe olan yeteneğini küçük yaşta keşfetti. Ortaokul ve liseyi Bursa Erkek Lisesi'nde okuduktan sonra son sınıfta önce Çeşme Lisesi'ne geçti,  sonra Bursa'ya dönerek Çelebi Mehmet Lisesi'nden mezun oldu.

Ağabeyinin yardımıyla gece kulüplerinde piyanist-şantör olarak çalıştı. 1991 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı'nın Türk müziği Bölümünü'ne girdi ve İstanbul'a taşındı.

Müzikal kariyeri
Konservatuvarda öğrenciliği sırasında İstanbul'da müzisyenlik yapmaya devam etti. Aynı dönemde arkadaşlarının desteği ile bar komedyenliği yaptı. Grup Vitamin üyesi Gökhan Semiz ile olan yakın arkadaşlığı sayesinde barlarda stand up gösterilerine başladı. 1992 yılında Grup Vitamin'in İsmail adlı şarkısının klibinde oynadı. 1994 yılında ise aynı grubun "Turkish Kovboylar" şarkısındaki uzun hava bölümünü seslendirdi.

Tiyatro
E.Ş.E.K Tiyatro Grubunun kurucusu Uğur Uludağ'ın aracılığı ile ilk profesyonel stand up gösterisini gerçekleştirdi. 1995 yılında Assos'ta verdiği müzikli şov sırasında keşfedilerek Dormen Tiyatrosu'nda "Komik Para" adlı oyunda rol aldı. Aynı yıl kendi kurduğu "Ege Kumpanya" adlı gösteri orkestrası ile birçok yerde sahneye çıktı.

Uğur Yücel ile tanışması hayatının dönüm noktalarından biri oldu. Komediye olan tutkusunu keşfetti ve konservatuvarı yarıda bırakarak stand up gösterilerine ağırlık verdi. 1996 ile 1998 yılları arasında birçok yerde gösteri yaptı. Leman Kültür'e oyununun kaydını götürdü ve çok beğenilmesi üzerine 1998 yılının Şubat ayında "Tek Kişilik Dev Kadro" adlı oyunu ile Leman Kültür'de sahne aldı.

Bu oyunu 1000'in üzerinde sahnede kapalı gişe oynayan sanatçı, oyunda geçen karakterlerin benzerleri ile bir televizyon şovu hazırladı. "Korsan TV" adlı program, ekranda 42 bölüm gösterildi. Televizyonda görülmesi ile şöhreti artan Ata Demirer, daha sonra Vizontele Tuuba, Neredesin Firuze gibi filmlerde yer aldı. "Kısık Ateşte 15 Dakika" filmi ile ilk başrolünü aldı. Birçok televizyon dizisinde yer aldı ancak onun yurt çapında tanınması ve sevilmesi "Avrupa Yakası" adlı dizide 3 sezon boyunca canlandırdığı "Volkan" karakteri ile oldu.

Sinemaya adım
Bir müzik albümü ve bir de teklisi olan Ata Demirer, daha sonra televizyonda "Hacıyatmaz" adlı gösteri programını yaptı. Gani Müjde tarafından yazılan ve yönetilen Osmanlı Cumhuriyeti adlı filmde başrol olarak hayalî Osmanlı padişahı VII. Osman karakterini canlandırdı.

Eyvah Eyvah serisi
2010 yılında gösterime giren, Hakan Algül tarafından yönetilen Eyyvah Eyvah adlı sinema filminde senarist ve başrol oyuncusu olarak yer aldı. Devam filmi Eyyvah Eyvah 2, 7 Ocak tarihinde 355 kopya ile 700'den fazla salonda vizyona girmiş, 10 gün içinde 1 milyon 842 bin 450 kişi tarafından izlenmiştir. Böylelikle, 'Eyvah Eyvah 2′ bugüne kadar 4 milyon 300 bin 641′lik izleyici sayısıyla 2011 yılının en çok izlenen yerli yapımı olma özelliğini eline almıştır. Hikâyesiyle olduğu kadar müzikleri ve replikleriyle de ilgi çeken film, esprileriyle halkın günlük konuşma diline karışmıştır. Örneğin, 'Hüseyin' karakterinin "Nabıyon be ya?" sözü sokakta insanlar tarafından sık sık kullanılmaktadır.

Eyyvah Eyvah serisinde "Müjgan" karakterini oynayan Özge Borak ile Ata Demirer 11 Kasım 2011 tarihinde nişanlanıp 22 Nisan 2012 tarihinde evlenmişlerdir. Çift evliliklerini 14 Kasım 2014 tarihinde sonlandırmıştır.

Berlin Kaplanı

2012 yılında gösterime giren, senaryosu kendisine ait olan, yönetmenliğini ise Hakan Algül'ün yaptığı Berlin Kaplanı filminde de başrol oyuncusu olarak yer almış, söz konusu filmde "Ayhan Kaplan" adlı, yaşamını Berlin'de boksörlük ve bodyguard'lık yaparak sürdüren bir Türk'ü canlandırmıştır.

Eyyvah Eyvah 3
31 Ocak 2014'te gösterime giren Eyyvah Eyvah 3 filmi, Eyyvah Eyvah ve Eyyvah Eyvah 2 filmlerinin devam filmidir. Film, gişede 3.414.212 kişi tarafından izlenmiştir.

Filmografisi

Birlikte çalıştığı oyuncular

Gösterileri
 2000: Ata Demirer Show
 2001: Korsan TV
 2003: Havadan Sudan
 2005: Anadolu Futbol Kulübü Tanıtımı
 2005: Tek Kişilik Dev Kadro
 2010: Ata Demirer Show
 2011: Tek Kişilik Dev Kadro 2
 2015: Ata Demirer Gazinosu

Televizyon programları
 2001: Korsan TV
 2007: Hacıyatmaz

Diğer çalışmaları
 2005: Makara, Müzik albümü
 2006: Exit, Single
 2014: Alaturka, Müzik albümü

Kazandığı ve aday gösterildiği ödüller

|-
| 2005 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Altın Kelebek Ödülleri ||
|-
| 2005 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Beyaz İnci Televizyon Ödülleri ||
|-
| 2005 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Çocuk Ödülleri ||
|-
| 2009 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Altın Kelebek Ödülleri ||
|-
| 2010 || "Kemal Sunal Özel Ödülü" || Çayda Çıra Film Festivali ||
|-
| 2011 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Kemal Sunal Ödülleri ||
|-
| 2012 || "En İyi Erkek Şovmen" || Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi ||
|-
| 2014 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Dadaş Film Festivali ||
|-
| 2014 || "En İyi Erkek Komedi Oyuncu" || Magazin Gazetecileri Derneği ||
|}

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Biletinial Olanlar oldu
 Ata Demirer  | Sunay Akın ile İşte O Çocuk

Yaşayan insanlar
1972 doğumlular
Bursa doğumlu oyuncular
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Bursa Erkek Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk komedyenler
Altın Kelebek Ödülü sahipleri
Türk erkek seslendirme sanatçıları
Arnavut asıllı Türkler

Ata Demirer


ساند سيتي  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة مونتيري، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 31 مايو، 1960.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لساند سيتي في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان ساند سيتي 261 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 80 أسرة وعدد العائلات 33 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 87 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 71.26% من البيض و4.98% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و3.07% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و1.53% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و14.56% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.60% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و27.59% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 80 أسرة كانت نسبة 25% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 27.5% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 7.5% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 6.2% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 58.8% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 41.2% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 10% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.46، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.42.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 37.7 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 16.1% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 10% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 27.6% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 17.6% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 4.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 134.5 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 134.8 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 34,375 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 37,500 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 27,500 دولارًا مقابل 30,000 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 15,455 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 17.9% من العائلات ونسبة 27.9% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 17.9% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 50% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان ساند سيتي 334 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 128 أسرة وعدد العائلات 59 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 145 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 66.77% من البيض و3.89% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.90% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و4.79% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.30% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و18.26% من الأعراق الأخرى و5.09% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و36.83% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 128 أسرة كانت نسبة 28.9% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 33.6% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 9.4% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.1% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 53.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 32.8% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 2.3% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.27، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.98.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 34.1 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 17.7% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 9.9% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 44% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 25.7% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 2.7% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 55.4% ذكور و44.6% إناث.

مراجع

مدن ساحلية في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن مقاطعة مونتيري (كاليفورنيا)

ساند سيتي (كاليفورنيا)


Duxelles (düksel okunur) tavuk, hindi içi, çorbalar ve soslarda kullanılabilen, mantar, soğan ve aromalı otlardan oluşan bir karışımdır. Yemeklere mantar tadı katması için kullanılan bir üründür, bununla beraber aperitif olarak da hazırlanabilir. Yapıldıktan sonra porsiyonlanıp dondurulabilir. 17 yüzyıl Fransız şeflerinden François-Pierre de la Varenne tarafından yaratılıp işvereni Marquis d'Uxelles'e adandığı sanılmaktadır.

Ana malzemesi çok çok ince kıyılmış mantar ve soğandır. Ot olarak kekik veya mercanköşk sık kullanılır. Tuz ve karabiber ile tatlandırılır, küçük hindistan cevizi tozu da eklenebilir. Bazı aşçıların tariflerinde çektirilmiş beyaz şarap, sarımsak ve kremaya da rastlanır. Kullanılacağı tarifin yapısına göre galeta, çekilmiş ekmek içi veya kavrulmuş unla kıvamı arttırılabilir, sosa yakın bir kıvam için krema ya da et suyu ile açılabilir.

Kaynakça
 https://web.archive.org/web/20050926235953/http://www.bostonchefs.com/glossary/glossary_display_term.php?id=199
 http://www.internationalrecipesonline.com/recipes/dictionary.pl?2425

Fransız mutfağındaki soslar
Mantar yemekleri
Aşçılık terminolojisi
Yemek malzemeleri

Duxelles


İdo kelimesi aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

 İdo, yapay dil.
 İDO, İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri.
 Ido Reizan, Japon yazar.
 İdo Tatlıses, Türk Şarkıcı

İdo


Die Finnish International 2002 fanden vom 4. bis zum 7. April 2002 im Ruskeasuon Palloiluhalli in Helsinki statt. Es war die sechste Austragung dieser internationalen Meisterschaften von Finnland im Badminton.

Medaillengewinner

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks

 tournamentsoftware.com

2002
Badminton 2002
Badmintonwettbewerb in Helsinki
EBU Circuit 2001/02

Finnish International 2002


Spøgelsestræ (Corokia cotoneaster) er en blomstrende busk eller lille træ fra New Zealand i familien Argophyllaceae. Væksten er spredt og rigt forgrenet med en normal højde på ca. 3 m som fuldt udvokset. Barken er meget mørk, mens bladene varierer en del med højden som den vokser i og vindforholdene. Blomsterne er klart gule, og den blomstrer i december og januar.

Spøgelsestræ forhandles i Danmark almindeligt på planteskoler og af og til i supermarkeder, og har i perioder været uhyre populært.

Spøgelsestræ er relativt hårdfør, og findes på både Syd- og Nordøerne i New Zealand, hvor den ofte koloniserer tør, stenet jord. Lokalt bruger det til at stabilisere klitter. Det blev introduceret i Europa (i Storbritannien) allerede i 1875.

Kilder

Kurvblomst-ordenen

Spøgelsestræ


Corn starch, maize starch, or cornflour (British English) is the starch derived from corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel. Corn starch is a common food ingredient, often used to thicken sauces or soups, and to make corn syrup and other sugars. Corn starch is versatile, easily modified, and finds many uses in industry such as adhesives, in paper products, as an anti-sticking agent, and textile manufacturing. It has medical uses as well, such as to supply glucose for people with glycogen storage disease.

Like many products in dust form, it can be hazardous in large quantities due to its flammability—see dust explosion. When mixed with a fluid, corn starch can rearrange itself into a non-Newtonian fluid. For example, adding water transforms corn starch into a material commonly known as oobleck while adding oil transforms corn starch into an electrorheological (ER) fluid. The concept can be explained through the mixture termed "cornflour slime".

History

Until 1851, corn starch was used primarily for starching laundry and for other industrial uses.
A method to produce pure culinary starch from maize was patented by John Polson of Brown & Polson, in Paisley, Scotland in 1854. This was sold as "Patented Corn Flour". Brown & Polson were muslin manufacturers who had been producing laundry starch for the Paisley shawl industry and would become the largest starch producers in the UK.

Uses
Although mostly used for cooking and as a household item, corn starch is used for many purposes in several industries, ranging from its use as a chemical additive for certain products, to medical therapy for certain illnesses.

Culinary

Corn starch is used as a thickening agent in liquid-based foods (e.g., soup, sauces, gravies, custard), usually by mixing it with a lower-temperature liquid to form a paste or slurry.  It is sometimes preferred over flour alone because it forms a translucent, rather than opaque mixture.  As the starch is heated over , the molecular chains unravel, allowing them to collide with other starch chains to form a mesh, thickening the liquid (Starch gelatinization). However, continued boiling breaks up the molecules and thins the liquid.

Cornstarch is usually included as an anticaking agent in powdered sugar (icing or confectioner's sugar).

A common substitute is arrowroot starch, which replaces the same amount of corn starch.

Food producers reduce production costs by adding varying amounts of corn starch to foods, for example to cheese and yogurt.

Chicken nuggets with a thin outer layer of corn starch allows increased oil absorption and crispness after the latter stages of frying.

Non-culinary
Baby powder may include corn starch among its ingredients. Corn starch can be used to manufacture bioplastics (like PLA used for 3D printing) and may be used in the manufacture of airbags.

Adhesive can be made from corn starch, traditionally one of the adhesives that may be used to make paste papers. It dries with a slight sheen compared to wheat starch. It may also be used as an adhesive in book and paper conservation.

Medical
Corn starch is the preferred anti-stick agent on medical products made from natural latex, including condoms, diaphragms, and medical gloves.

Corn starch has properties enabling supply of glucose to maintain blood sugar levels for people with glycogen storage disease. Corn starch can be used starting at age 6–12 months allowing glucose fluctuations to be deterred.

Manufacture
The corn is steeped for 30 to 48 hours, which ferments it slightly. The germ is separated from the endosperm and those two components are ground separately (still soaked). Next the starch is removed from each by washing.  The starch is separated from the corn steep liquor, the cereal germ, the fibers and the corn gluten mostly in hydrocyclones and centrifuges, and then dried.  (The residue from every stage is used in animal feed and to make corn oil or other applications.) This process is called wet milling. Finally, the starch may be modified for specific purposes.

Risks
Like many other powders, corn starch is susceptible to dust explosions. It is believed that overheating of a corn starch-based powder—despite warnings on the packaging indicating that the material is flammable—initiated the Formosa Fun Coast explosion in Taiwan on 27 June 2015.

Names and varieties
 Called corn starch in the United States and Canada. The term corn flour refers to cornmeal that is very finely milled; or, to masa flour.
 It is called cornflour in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Israel and some Commonwealth countries. Distinct in these countries from cornmeal.

See also
 Amylomaize, high amylose starch
 Bird's Custard, the English custard based on cornflour, invented in 1837
 Waxy corn, waxy maize starch
 Corn sauce
 Corn syrup
 Corn ethanol
 Modified starch
 Potato starch
 Semolina
 Tapioca starch

References

External links

 American Corn Refiners Association

Maize products
Starch
Edible thickening agents
1840 introductions

Corn starch


Roman Pîlîpciuk (în ; n. 27 aprilie 1967) este un antrenor de fotbal și fost fotbalist ucrainean, care în prezent antrenează clubul FK Spartaks Jūrmala din Virslīga.

Ca jucător, și-a făcut debutul în Prima Ligă Sovietică în anul 1990, la clubul FC Dinamo Moscova.

Palmares
 Prima Ligă Sovietică
Bronz: 1990.
 Premier Liha
Bronz: 2002, 2003

Referințe

Legături externe
Statistici pe site-ul Federației Ucrainene de Fotbal

Nașteri în 1967
Fotbaliști sovietici
Fotbaliști ucraineni
Ucraineni în viață
Antrenori ucraineni de fotbal
Antrenori ai FC Dacia Chișinău
Fotbaliști ai cluburilor din Israel
Fotbaliști ai cluburilor din Ucraina
Fotbaliști ai cluburilor din Rusia
Antrenori ai cluburilor de fotbal din Rusia
Antrenori ai cluburilor de fotbal din Letonia
Antrenori ai cluburilor de fotbal din Ucraina

Roman Pîlîpciuk


Fixarea azotului este un proces în urma căruia azotul din atmosferă este transformat în amoniac (NH3) sau compuși azotați similari. Azotul atmosferic utilizat în procesul de fixare este azotul molecular (N2), folositor din punct de vedere metabolic doar pentru puține microorganisme. Toate procesele de fixare a azotului sunt realizate cu ajutorul unor enzime denumite nitrogenaze.

Note

Vezi și
 Fixarea carbonului
 Circuitul azotului în natură

Azot
Căi metabolice

Fixarea azotului


Sjónhimna (einnig nefnd sjóna og nethimna sem er bein þýðing á ensk-latneska heitinu sbr. nútíma-ítalska -rete, net) er ljósnæm himna í innanverðu auga, með ljósnæmar frumur, keilur og stafi, sem skynja rafsegulbylgjur ljóss og breyta þeim í rafboð sem berast eftir sjóntaug til heila.

Af röskunum sem hent geta sjónhimnuna má nefna sjónhimnuskemmdir (af völdum sykursýki) og sjónhimnulos.

Augað

Sjónhimna


A Batalha de Vuhledar é um conflito militar em andamento, Parte da Guerra de Donbass durante a invasão russa da Ucrânia, em torno da cidade de Vuhledar no oeste de Donetsk Oblast, perto da fronteira de fato entre a Ucrânia e a República Popular de Donetsk. Os comandantes ucranianos a descreveram como a maior batalha de tanques da guerra russo-ucraniana até o momento, enquanto ambos os lados tentam quebrar o impasse no fronte.

Batalhas da invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia em 2022
2022 na Ucrânia
2023 na Ucrânia
Batalhas envolvendo a Rússia
Ofensiva do leste da Ucrânia

Batalha de Vuhledar


Teniski savez Herceg-Bosne je udruženje hrvatskih teniskih društava u BiH. Nastao je 1997. na inicijativu TK Međugorje. Isti klub je bio jedan od glavnih čimbenika za ujedinjenje Saveza u Federalni i poslije u Teniski savez Bosne i Hercegovine. Osnivači saveza su bili otac tenisača Ivana Dodiga Tomislav i njegov športski prijatelj Jadranko Čerkez – Kuljo. Teniski savez djeluje i danas i po njegovom se kalendaru održavaju teniski turniri na području Bosne i Hercegovine.

Izvori

Športski savez Herceg-Bosne
Tenis

Teniski savez Herceg-Bosne


Daugava Riga henviser til flere artikler:
 FK Daugava Riga – lettisk fodboldklub.
 Dinamo Riga (1946-95) – lettisk ishockeyklub, som i 1949-58 og 1960-68 hed Daugava Riga.

Daugava Riga


La clase Tridente es una serie de submarinos de ataque de propulsión convencional de la Marina portuguesa. La serie está designada oficialmente como U-209PN por el fabricante, aunque están basados en los tipo 214. Durante su fase de desarrollo, la Marina se refería al proyecto como SS PO 2000.

Diseño

Los submarinos U-209PN son un diseño específico para la Marina portuguesa basados en los submarinos Tipo 214. Originalmente, durante la fase de concurso, los astilleros Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW) propusieron al Tipo 209 con múltiples mejoras como candidato aunque diseños posteriores presentados formalmente al concurso se acercaban más al del Tipo 214, de ahí que finalmente se quedara con la designación U-209PN (la francesa DCN, que acudió al concurso con dos variantes del Scorpène, impugnó sin éxito la decisión de adjudicar el concurso a HDW). Los planes de la Marina portuguesa era hacerse con una nueva clase de submarinos oceánicos, en principio compuesta por tres unidades aunque luego reducida a dos, para que sustituyera a los submarinos de la clase Albacora, en servicio desde finales de la década de 1960 y con capacidades más limitadas.

Respecto a la Clase Albacora, la Tridente se caracteriza por una autonomía mucho mayor y una menor posibilidad de detección, capacidades posibles en buena parte debido a la integración de una propulsión independiente de aire (AIP). La incorporación de sistemas automáticos, como el sistema de combate ISUS 90-50, también permite que la tripulación necesaria para operar el submarino sea menor respecto a la clase antecesora. En 2014 se anunció que ese mismo año estaría integrado el misil antibuque UGM-84 Harpoon.

Unidades

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Infografía interactiva

Clases de submarinos
Submarinos de Portugal
Submarinos a propulsión independiente de aire

Submarinos clase Tridente


Anton Kotonen (Virolahti, 29 de novembro de 1876 – Helsinque, 25 de janeiro de 1936) foi um advogado, jurista e político finlandês, que serviu como membro do Parlamento e ministro da Justiça no governo de Oskari Mantere.

Nascido em uma família de fazendeiros, Kotonen estudou no Liceu de Viburgo e se graduou em direito em 1902. Três anos depois, obteve o título de varatuomari. Nos anos seguintes, trabalhou como advogado em seu próprio escritório. Kotonen se destacou como redator de leis e teve significativa importância no desenvolvimento da linguagem jurídica na Finlândia.

Nascidos em 1876
Mortos em 1936
Advogados da Finlândia
Ministros da Justiça da Finlândia
Membros do Parlamento da Finlândia

Anton Kotonen


Ungarn deltog ved Sommer-OL 2012 i Rio de Janeiro som blev arrangeret i perioden 5. august til 21. august 2016.

Medaljer

Medaljevinderne

Flere gange medaljevindere
Følgende atleter har vundet flere medaljer ved sommer-OL 2016.

Svømning

Resultater

Referencer

Lande ved sommer-OL 2016
2016

Ungarn ved sommer-OL 2016


මොහොමඩ් අනමුල් හක් බිජෝයි (උපත 1992 දෙසැම්බර් 16) බංග්ලාදේශ ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි. ඔහු කඩුලු රකින්නෙක් මෙන්ම ආරම්භක දකුණත් පිතිකරුවෙකි. ඔහු ලිස්ට්-ඒ එක් තරඟාවලියකදී ලකුණු 1000ක් ලබා ගත් පලමු සහ වැඩිම ලකුණු ක්‍රීඩකයා වේ.

යොමු කිරීම්

ආනමුල් හක්


الفريق / مجدي جلال شعراوي (3 مارس 1952 - ) كان قائدا للقوات الجوية المصرية من 1 مارس 2002 إلى 20 مارس 2008.

مصادر

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
خريجو الكلية الجوية (مصر)
قادة القوات الجوية المصرية
مواليد 1365 هـ
مواليد 1946
مواليد 1952

مجدي جلال شعراوي


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 1984 en Finlande  :

Sport
 Championnat de Finlande de football 1984
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1983-1984
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1984-1985
 Championnats du monde de ski nordique 1984
 24- : Rallye des 1000 lacs

Création
  (parc d'attractions)
 Heinolan Peliitat, (club de hockey sur glace)
  (magazine)
  (ligue de football féminin)
 Prix Finlandia (prix littéraire)
 Puuhamaa (parc d'attractions et parc aquatique)
 Station de métro Sörnäinen, à Helsinki.
 Stratovarius (groupe musical)

Naissance
 , écrivaine.
 Seidi Haarla, actrice.
 , peintre.
 , chef-cuisinier.
 , chanteur.

Décès
 , évêque.
 Hilding Ekelund, architecte.
 , acteur.
 , architecte.
 , linguiste.
 , peintre.
 , romancière.
 , actrice et chanteuse d'opéra.

Notes et références

1984 en Finlande

1984 en Finlande


Inga Junghanns (født Meyer) (9. marts 1886 i København, død 25. april 1962 på Sundby hospital) var en dansk oversætter af litteratur fra tysk og fransk til dansk. Hun blev kendt for at oversætte Rainer Maria Rilkes eneste roman 'Malte Laurids Brigges Optegnelser' til dansk og for sin mangeårige brevveksling med Rilke.

Opvækst og ungdom
Inga Junghanns voksede op i København. Formentlig omkring 1912 flyttede hun til München i Tyskland, hvor hun blev gift med maleren og grafikeren Reinhold Rudolf Junghanns (1884-1967). I begyndelsen af 1920'erne flyttede de tilbage til Danmark, dog med jævnlige ophold i Tyskland.

Mødet og samarbejdet med Rainer Maria Rilke
Ægteparret mødte Rainer Maria Rilke i München gennem fælles venner. I begyndelsen af 1916 blev Rilke indkaldt til militærtjeneste, og da hans tjeneste ophørte senere på året, var Junghanns og hendes mand flyttet til Schweiz. Junghanns og Rilke fortsatte med at udveksle breve, postkort og telegrammer, og korrespondancen er udgivet på Insel Verlag. Den indeholder ikke samtlige af Junghanns' breve til Rilke. En anmelder skrev følgende: "Ideally, a complete reproduction of the letters of Inga Junghanns would have been desirable; but the publishers, one guesses, decided that a complete edition would be impracticable." Rilke-forskningen henviser ofte til denne brevveksling, da den giver et fint indblik i Rilkes tænkning og blik på sit eget værk. Brevvekslingen er aldrig oversat til dansk.

Kort tid efter deres første møde i München begyndte Inga Junghanns at oversætte Rilkes eneste roman, 'Malte Laurids Brigges Optegnelser' fra 1910, til dansk. Hun havde ikke fået tilladelse fra Rilke og fortalte ham først om det i et brev fra april 1917, da hun næsten var færdig. I et svar fra begyndelsen af maj 1917 skriver Rilke bl.a.: "At De oversætter min Malte – ja, nærmest allerede har oversat den! Jeg nærer fuld tillid til Deres foretagende og beder Dem om at færdiggøre det i rolig forvisning om denne tillid. Hvilken begivenhed for denne bog. Tænk: Den bliver dermed ophøjet i sin imaginære hjemstavn, og det bliver på sin vis en prøve på dens ægthed, om den dér på ren og naturlig måde kan flyde ind i sine navne og figurers sprog." Rilke gav Junghanns tilladelse til at udgive oversættelsen i Danmark, men af forskellige grunde udkom bogen først året efter Rilkes død, i 1927. Rilke havde lært dansk for at kunne læse J. P. Jacobsens 'Niels Lyhne', og hans forskellige kommentarer til Junghanns' oversættelse har været af stor interesse for Rilke-forskere.

Tiden efter Rilke
Junghanns fik kun oversat et beskedent antal bøger, men pga samarbejdet med Rilke er hendes navn blevet stående i litteraturhistorien. Udover Laurids Brigge har hun også oversat Rilkes essay om Auguste Rodin til dansk . 'Malte Laurids Brigges Optegnelser' er senere blevet genoversat af Karsten Sand Iversen.

I januar 1925 blev ægteskabet med R.R. Junghanns opløst. Inga Junghanns døde den 25. april 1962 på Sundby hospital, 76 år gammel. Hun blev så vidt vides bisat på de ukendtes kirkegård.

Kilder
 Dansk Oversætterleksikon
 The Germanic Review, 1962
 Babelfisken
 Briefwechsel, Insel Verlag, 1959

Referencer

Oversættere fra Danmark

Inga Junghanns


العربي اليعقوبي فنان شعبي اكتسب شهرة في الوسط الفني التونسي تحت اسم العربي الماطري وقد احتل اسمه صفحات الجرائد التونسية لمدة تزيد عن الستة أشهر بسبب ارتكابه جريمة اغتصاب طفل وقتله.

الخلفية
في أواخر التسعينات اهتز الرأي العام التونسي على وقع جريمة بشعة ذهب ضحيتها طفل لم تتجاوز سنه الخمس سنوات. أعادت هذه الجريمة إلى الأذهان قصة سفاح نابل خاصة أن القاتل قام باغتصاب الطفل ثم قتله بطريقة وحشية جدا. أصبحت القضية قضية رأي عام بعد الاهتمام البالغ الذي أولته بعض جرائد الفضائح واسعة الانتشار وخاصة جريدة أخبار الجمهورية التي أطلقت على المجرم لقب الوحش.
ألقت الشرطة التونسية القبض على المجرم في ظرف وجيز نسبيا. وقد صدر عليه الحكم بالإعدام يوم 26 فبراير 2001 بتهمة قتل واغتصاب طفل بتاريخ شهر جوان 2000. غير أن الحكم لم ينفذ.

صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة
مجرمون تونسيون
مغتصبون
مغنون ومغنيات تونسيون
مواليد القرن 20

العربي الماطري


The U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship is a standing committee of the United States Senate. It has jurisdiction over the Small Business Administration and is also charged with researching and investigating all problems of American small business enterprises.

History
On October 8, 1940, the Senate established the Special Committee to Study and Survey Problems of Small Business Enterprises (also known as the Special Committee to Study Problems of American Small Business). On January 31, 1949, this special committee was terminated, but on February 20, 1950, the Select Committee on Small Business was created with approval of Senate Resolution 58 during the 81st Congress. That first committee had just nine members. It was the first select committee created by the Senate that still operates today.

The select committee was terminated on March 25, 1981, when it became the Committee on Small Business, a standing committee. On June 29, 2001, Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.) changed the name of the committee to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

The committee's jurisdiction has been changed several times since it was first created, through additional powers or by changing the manner in which committee members are appointed. While first established as a select committee with limited responsibilities, it now possesses virtually all the characteristics of a standing committee, as outlined under Senate Rule 25.

During the 96th Congress, the committee acted on legislation to reauthorize the Small Business Administration that expanded the agency to include loan programs for employee ownership, Small Business Development Centers, and increased export development assistance for small businesses.

Since its creation, the committee has held hearings on paperwork reduction and elimination (which eventually led to the Paperwork Reduction Act), capital formation, tax and securities law reform for small business, steel plant shutdowns, and the impact of inflation on governmental actions on the housing industry.

The committee was changed from small business to Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship beginning in 1981.

Jurisdiction
Initially, the Small Business Committee only had limited oversight over the Small Business Administration. The committee was directed to report to the Senate from time to time with its recommendations regarding small business matters.

With the adoption of S. Res. 272 during the 82nd Congress, the committee was granted subpoena power, and the ability to "sit and act at such times during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the Senate." These abilities are common to the other standing committees in the Senate. S. Res. 272 also provided for a more structured committee, with specific requirements on a quorum of members needed for the committee to conduct its business, and its own committee staff.

S. Res. 58 stipulated that beginning with the 95th Congress, the Small Business Committee would be granted jurisdiction over all legislation relating to the Small Business Administration. This ability was granted S. Res. 104, agreed to on April 29, 1976, provided for this new jurisdiction, granting not only authority over small business legislation but additional oversight over the agency as well. The committee has also been granted the right of re-referral of legislation from other standing committees, where appropriate.

Today, the jurisdiction of the committee is roughly the same as it was when it was first established, chiefly the Small Business Administration and the Small Investment Act. However, by tradition, the committee reviews all matters that apply to small business that are not by themselves subject to the jurisdiction over another standing committee. The committee continues to study and survey by means of research and investigation all problems of American small business enterprises, with the intent to provide advice to Congress in enacting appropriate legislation. The committee also is responsible for reviewing nominations for positions within the Small Business Administration, including its Administrator, Chief Council for Advocacy, and Inspector General.

Members, 118th Congress

Chairs

Select Committee on Small Business

Committee on Small Business & Entrepreneurship

Historical committee rosters

117th Congress

116th Congress

115th Congress

Source

See also
 List of current United States Senate committees
 U.S. House Committee on Small Business

External links
Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, official website (Archive)
Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee. Legislation activity and reports, Congress.gov.

References
Riddick, Floyd M., and Alan S. Frumin. "Committee on Small Business" in Riddick's Senate Procedure, 378–81. United States Senate, 101st Congress, 2nd Session, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1992.

Small Business
Economy of the United States
1950 establishments in Washington, D.C.

United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship


Íslenska karlalandsliðið í körfunattleik er körfuboltalandslið Íslands sem spilar fyrir íslands hönd á alþjóða vettvangi. Það spilar heimaleiki sína í Laugardalshöll. Liðið hefur tvívegis komist á stórmót, á Evrópumeistaramótin 2015 og 2017.

Þekktir leikmenn
Jón Arnór Stefánsson
Pétur Guðmundsson
Pavel Ermolinskij
Teitur Örlygsson

Karlalandslið í Körfuknattleik

Íslenska karlalandsliðið í körfuknattleik


Koh Seshttp://www.un.org/depts/los/nippon/unnff_programme_home/fellows_pages/fellows_papers/mom_0506_cambodia.pdf (también escrito Kaoh Seh, Kaoh Ses, o Koh Sess) es el nombre de una isla en el Golfo de Tailandia en el sureste del país asiático de Camboya, su nombre Koh Ses quiere decir en la lengua local "Isla del Caballo". Administrativamente hace parte de la Provincia de Kompot.

Véase también
 Geografía de Camboya
 Geografía de Asia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la Isla

Archipiélagos e islas de Camboya

Koh Ses


Serampore (en bengalí: শ্রীরামপুর ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Hugli, estado de Bengala Occidental. Es un poblado pre-colonial sobre la margen derecha del río Hoogli. Formó parte de las colonias danesas en la India, siendo denominado Frederiksnagore entre 1755 y 1845 año en el que fue vendida al Reino Unido.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 6  a 24 km de la capital estatal, Calcuta, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 265 981 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bengala Occidental

Serampore


Juan Martín Cermeño, o Zermeño (Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca, 1700 – Barcelona, 1773) fue un arquitecto, ingeniero militar y teniente general español.

Vida y obra
Hijo de Domingo Martín Báez, de Ciudad Rodrigo, y de Isabel Fernández Cermeño, de Trejo (Portugal). Tuvo un hijo, Pedro, que también fue ingeniero militar.

En 1719 ingresa en el cuerpo de ingenieros reales. Alcanzó el grado de mariscal de campo en 1748, entre 1749 y 1756 fue comandante general interino de los ingenieros militares y a partir 1769 nombrado en firme hasta su muerte. La actividad de Cermeño en este cargo fue arrolladora.

Su retrato junto al de su hijo Pedro fue colocado en la galería de ingenieros célebres de la antigua Academia de Ingenieros militares de Guadalajara, según boletín del ejército del año 1844.

Ya desde muy joven empezó colaborando en trabajos de construcción, pues hacia 1721 el gobernador de Melilla, Alonso Guevara Vasconcellos con la ayuda de Cermeño, reforma todo el circuito exterior de la Villa Vieja, transformándolo en un frente en corona abaluartado presidido por el baluarte de San Fernando, dando lugar al tercer recinto de la ciudad. En Melilla, Cermeño se casó con la melillense Antonia de Paredes Fernández y allí nació (1722) su hijo Pedro. En 1727 participa en el asedio de Gibraltar.

En 1749, recién nombrado Cermeño comandante general de los ingenieros, el capitán general de Cataluña, Jaime de Guzmán, marqués de la Mina, le encarga el trazado de un nuevo barrio en Barcelona que se llamaría La Barceloneta para alojar a los desahuciados a consecuencia de la edificación de la fortaleza de la Ciudadela en lo que fuera el barrio de la Ribera. Para ello desechó el proyecto anterior de Jorge Próspero de Verboom que proponía una serie de pabellones casi provisionales e hizo el proyecto del barrio, con calles trazadas a cordel y cruces en ángulo recto. Se urbanizaron una quincena de calles atravesadas por otras nueve, paralelas a la costa, con casas de planta baja y de un solo piso para que no impidiesen la acción de las baterías de la Ciudadela. También hizo el proyecto de muchas de las casas.

En 1755 proyectó el Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca del Morro, en la boca de entrada a la bahía de Santiago de Cuba.

El Marqués de la Mina también encarga a Cermeño el proyecto de las obras de rehabilitación del castillo de Montjuic de Barcelona, quien lo presentó con fecha de 14 de enero de 1751, dando las obras comienzo en 1753. Cermeño hizo derruir el antiguo fortín y acabó de dar forma al conjunto de fortificaciones. Las obras terminaron en 1779.

En el siglo transcurrido desde el Tratado de los Pirineos (1659) la frontera de Cataluña con Francia había quedado desguarnecida, puesto que se perdieron el Rosellón y la Cerdaña, cuyos límites del norte formaban la frontera con el reino galo. Como comandante general, en 1751 Cermeño comisiona a Pedro de Lucuze, para hacer un informe sobre el modo de defender la nueva frontera. El informe de Lucuze aconsejaba el lugar llamado Paso de las Molas, al norte de Figueras, para la edificación de un fuerte. En 1752, Cermeño elabora su dictamen «Relación del territorio y frontera del Ampurdán en el Principado de Cataluña y de sus entradas» y como resultado del mismo construye el imponente Castillo de San Fernando cuyas obras fueron iniciadas el 4 de septiembre de 1753,

En 1758 fue nombrado Gobernador de Orán y ocupó el cargo hasta 1765. Nueve años después su hijo Pedro ocuparía el mismo cargo.

En la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid hay un documento de hacia 1766, con la inscripción: Plano de la ciudad y plaza de Manila, capital de la isla de Luzón, con el proyecto para la mejor defensa que propuso a S.M. el Teniente General don Juan Martin Zermeño. También hizo proyectos de fortificaciones para plazas americanas, pues entre 1770 y 1771 viajó al Virreinato del Río de la Plata en misión de inspección, proyectando la ampliación de las defensas de Montevideo.

Hizo los planos para la fortificación de la plaza de Cartagena, ya al final de su vida, obras que se llevaron a cabo a partir de 1773, y que comprendían la construcción de una nueva muralla, con ampliación del recinto de la ciudad, y la rehabilitación del llamado castillo de los Moros.

Notas

Arquitectos de España del siglo XVIII
Urbanistas de España del siglo XVIII
Generales de España del siglo XVIII
Gobernadores de Orán
Ingenieros de España del siglo XVIII
Ingenieros militares de España del siglo XVIII
Arquitectos de la provincia de Salamanca
La Barceloneta
Nacidos en Ciudad Rodrigo
Fallecidos en Barcelona

Juan Martín Cermeño


Para outras denominações com o mesmo nome, veja a desambiguação Igrejas Reformadas na Holanda

As Igrejas Reformadas na Holanda (em Holandês: Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland) formaram uma denominação reformada na Holanda em 1892, quando duas denominações, Doleantie e a maior parte das Igrejas Cristãs Reformadas na Holanda, se uniram. Foi a segunda maior denominação protestante no país desde então. Todavia, em 2004, a denominação se uniu à Igreja Reformada Neerlandesa e Igreja Evangélica Luterana no Reino da Holanda para formar a atual Igreja Protestante na Holanda.

História

As Igrejas Reformadas na Holanda foram fundadas em 1892 em uma fusão de dois grupos que se separaram da Igreja Reformada Neerlandesa (IRN). O primeiro grupo foi a maior parte das Igrejas Cristãs Reformadas na Holanda (ICRH), uma denominação também formada por outra fusão, em 1869, da Igreja Reformada sob a Cruz e as Congregações Cristãs Separadas, ambas separada da IRN em 1834. O segundo grupo se separou da IRN em 1886 e ficou conhecido em neerlandês como Doleantie.

A partir da fusão das ICRH e do Doleantie, as Igrejas Reformadas na Holanda foram formadas e permaneceram como segunda maior denominação protestante nos Países Baixos durante todo o período de sua existência.

Em 2004, a denominação se uniu à Igreja Reformada Neerlandesa e Igreja Evangélica Luterana no Reino da Holanda para formar a atual Igreja Protestante na Holanda.

Denominações reformadas continentais extintas na Holanda

Igrejas Reformadas na Holanda (1892-2004)


An Anthurium siccisilvarum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kurt Krause. An Anthurium siccisilvarum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Peru. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium siccisilvarum