سميرة محسن (14 يوليو 1945 -)، ممثلة ومؤلفة ومنتجة مصرية.

عن حياتها
درست في أكاديمية الفنون وحصلت منها على درجة الدكتوراه، ترأّست قسم التمثيل والإخراج بالمعهد العالي للفنون المسرحية في القاهرة. إضافة لكونها ممثلة ومؤلفة فقد قامت بإنتاج عدد من الأفلام السينمائية منها سنة أولى نصب، ملاكي إسكندرية، والغرفة 707 (فيلم).

حياتها
تزوجت من المخرج والأديب نجيب سرور، وهي خالة الفنان كريم عبد العزيز.

أعمالها

أفلام

مسلسلات

أدوار أخرى

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
سميرة محسن
كاتبات سيناريو مصريات
كاتبات مصريات في القرن 20
كاتبات مصريات في القرن 21
ممثلات أفلام مصريات
ممثلات تلفزيون مصريات
ممثلات مسرح مصريات
ممثلات مصريات في القرن 20
ممثلات مصريات في القرن 21
منتجو أفلام مصريون
مواليد 1364 هـ
مواليد 1945
نقاد سينمائيون مصريون
منتجات أفلام

سميرة محسن


Kurt Wimmer ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Kurt Wimmer (Journalist) (* 1932), österreichischer Journalist
 Kurt Wimmer (Politiker) (* 1957), österreichischer Politiker (SPÖ)
 Kurt Wimmer (Drehbuchautor) (* 1964), US-amerikanischer Drehbuchautor und Regisseur

Kurt Wimmer


Numele Vozia definește:

 Orașul sau cetatea Oceac, aflată la confluența Bugului (râu) cu fluviul Nipru;
 Ținutul cunoscut astăzi sub numele Transnistria sau, mai exact, partea lui sudică (nordul făcând parte din Podolia); unele referințe pot fi găsite și la pagina despre Zaporojia (regiune);
 Un ținut și o cetate fantasy, din seria Drumul spre Vozia, a scriitorului român Mihai-Andrei Aldea.

Vozia


Antonio Bongiovanni est un littérateur et philologue italien du , né à Perarolo di Cadore (Vénétie) en , mort à Venise le .

Biographie
Antonio Bongiovanni nait aux environs de Vérone en 1712. Élevé d'abord par un frère qui est archiprêtre à Lonigo, il fait le reste de ses études à Padoue, avec de bons professeurs. Il en sort, également versé dans le latin, le grec, l'hébreu, la théologie, le droit civil et le droit canon, et reçu docteur dans ces dernières facultés.

Il se fixe à Venise, où il se lie intimement avec le savant Anton Maria Zanetti, garde de la Biblioteca Marciana. Ils entreprennent ensemble, et achèvent les catalogues des manuscrits grecs, latins et italiens de cette riche bibliothèque, qui paraissent sous ces deux titres :
 Græca D. Marci Bibliotheca codicum manuscriptorum per titulos digesta, Venise, 1740, in-fol.
 Latina et Italica D. Marci Bibliothec. codicum manuscriptorum, Venise, 1741, in-fol.

Le sénat, satisfait de cet ouvrage, en récompense chacun des deux auteurs par le don d'une médaille d'or d'un très grand poids.

Bongiovanni publie de plus :
 Græca Scholia scriptoris anonymi in Homeri Iliados lib. I, ex vetusto cod. bibl. Venet. Anton. Bonjoannes eruit, latine interpretatus est, notisque illustravit, Venise, 1740, in-4°.
 Leontii monachi Hierosolymitani quædam ad historiam ecclesiasticam spectantia, etc. Ces ouvrages du moine Léonce, traduits du grec en latin par Bongiovanni, et accompagnés de notes et observations savantes, ont été insérés dans le t. 6 de la Nova Collectio sanctissimorum conciliorum et decretorum du P. Mansi, Lucques, 1752, in-fol.
 Libanii sophistæ Orationes XVII, Antonius Bonjoannes nunc primum e manuscriptorum codd. eruit, latine vertit, nolisque illustravit, Venise, 1754, in-4°.
 Theodoreti Opuscula duo nunc primum vulgata, Venise, 1759, in-4°, etc.

Antonio Bongiovanni meurt à Venise le 12 mars 1762.

Sources

Liens externes

Écrivain italien du XVIIIe siècle
Philologue italien
Naissance en 1712
Décès en mars 1762

Antonio Bongiovanni


Pustinjska ruža može označavati:
 Pustinjska ruža (Adenium obesum), vrstu biljke iz porodice Apocynaceae
 Pustinjska ruža (prirodna tvorevina), ili pješčana ruža, pješčani kamen nalik cvijetu.

Pustinjska ruža (razdvojba)


ما جرى يوم الخميس، هي مجموعة قصصية من تأليف جمال ناجي ونشرت في العام 2006 وهي ثالث مجموعة قصصية للكاتب.

المحتوى
تتكون هذه المجموعة القصصية من خمسة عشر قصة:

 رجل لا يحسن الحب
 مجتمع مدني
 يوميات رجل مكتوف اليدين
 ما جرى يوم الخميس
 الجهات الخمس
 عوني ابن خالتي
 الأحوال
 شهادة سوء سلوك
 يوم الحمار
 حذاء ابن خالتي
 مقاومة بيضاء
 عادي
 العود
 أحياء سبق أن ماتوا
 قلب أخضر

سلسلات كتب

ما جرى يوم الخميس


Ajaniopsis, monotipski biljni rod iz porodice Compositae čija je jedina vrsta, A. penicilliformis, 5 do 10 centimetara visoka zeljasta biljka žutih cvjetova, koja raste jedino na Tibetu, na visinma od 4600-5000. metara.

Rod je opisan 1978. i smješten u tribus Anthemideae.

Izvori

Anthemideae incertae sedis

Ajaniopsis


رامبو: الدم الأول 2 ، فيلم أمريكي انتج سنة 1985، أنتج من قبل شركة كارلوكو الأمريكية، وقد مثل فيه بطل الفيلم سيلفستر ستالون في دور جون رامبو بطل الفيلم.

قصة
تلقى رامبو بطل الفيلم من جورج كرينا في دور ترومان، بأن يطلب المارشال مورداك من رامبو مهتمين وهي تصوير الأسرى الأمريكيين مقابل الحصول على المال وعدم المس لأي جندي من جنود الفيتناميين بأمر من مورداك، إلا أنه تغير الحال من مصور إلى منقذ فقام بإنقاذ الأسرى الأمريكيين من أيدي الجيش الفيتنامي وأعوانهم من القوات السوفيتية.

الممثلون
 سيلفستر ستالون في دور جون رامبو (John J. Rambo).
 ريتشارد كرينا في دور العقيد صامويل ترومان (Trautman).
 تشارلز نابير في دور المارشال مورداك (Marshall Murdock).
 ستيفين بيركوف في دور العقيد بودوفيسكي، قائد الجيش السوفيتي (Col. Podovsky).
 جوليا نيكسون-سول (ممثلة سنغافورية) مثلت في دور المقاتلة كو-باو الفيتنامية صديقة جون رامبو (Co-Bao).
 مارتن كيف في دور اريكسون الطيار الأمريكي (Ericson).
 الممثل الصيني جورج تشونغ في دور الضابط الفيتنامي فينه (Vinh).
 وليام جينت في دور الأسير الأمريكي.
 فوفي جوريتش الممثل البوسنى من العرق الصربي في دور ياشين (Yushin).
 أندي وود الممثل الأمريكي من أصل صيني في دور العقيد الفيتنامي بانكس (Banks).
 روبرت هاموند في دور الضابط السوفيتي.

تصوير الفيلم
تم تصوير المشهد في تايلند ومن ثم قاموا بتصوير مناطق طبيعية لقيامهم بإطلاق النار والأماكن بجنوب المكسيك أثناء التصوير.

جوائز
حصل الفيلم السينمائي رامبو الدم الأول : الجزء الثاني، على جائزة أسوأ سينياريو وأسوأ قصة عام 1985 م بجائزة التوتة الذهبية.

الميزانية والإيرادات
كلف الفيلم 25 مليون دولار وحقق أرباح تقدر بـ 300 مليون دولار.

روابط ذات صلة

مراجع

أفلام الحرب الباردة
أفلام الدعاية الأمريكية المعادية للشيوعية
أفلام أخرجها جورج بي. كوزماتوس
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية في عقد 1980
أفلام إثارة وحركة أمريكية
أفلام إثارة وحركة إنتاج عقد 1980
أفلام إستوديو كانال
أفلام إنتاج 1985
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1980
أفلام باللغة الفيتنامية
أفلام تدور أحداثها في سجن
أفلام تري ستارز بيكشرز
أفلام تقع أحداثها في 1985
أفلام تقع أحداثها في الولايات المتحدة
أفلام تقع أحداثها في تايلاند
أفلام تقع أحداثها في فيتنام
أفلام حرب فيتنام
أفلام حركة أمريكية
أفلام حركة إنتاج عقد 1980
أفلام حركة في 1985
أفلام حركة مكسيكية
أفلام سجلها جيري غولدسميث
أفلام عن القوات الخاصة الأمريكية
أفلام عن أشخاص مفقودين
أفلام كارلوكو بيكشرز
أفلام متممة أمريكية
أفلام متممة إنتاج عقد 1980
أفلام مصورة في المكسيك
أفلام مغامرة إنتاج عقد 1980
أفلام مكسيكية
سلسلة أفلام رامبو
نصوص سينمائية كتبها جيمس كاميرون
نصوص سينمائية كتبها سيلفستر ستالون

رامبو: الدم الأول 2


Mª Ángeles Cabré (Barcelona, 1968) es  una escritora, crítica literaria española, directora del Observatorio Cultural de Género.

Biografía
Licenciada en Filología Hispánica por la Universidad de Barcelona y Master en Humanidades (Literatura Comparada) por la Universidad Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona.

Desde 1990 trabaja en el sector editorial y desde 1994 ejerce la crítica literaria. Ha colaborado en diversos medios, como Lateral, Quimera, La Vanguardia, El País, la revista Letras Libres y la revista M-arte y cultura visual. También en Radio 4 (RNE), donde colaboró en el programa cultural Wonderland. Actualmente publica artículos en el diario ARA.

Especializada en la literatura escrita por mujeres y en mujeres y cultura, imparte conferencias y organiza actividades relacionadas con estos ámbitos. En 2013 puso en marcha el Observatori Cultural de Gènere (OCG), que dirige, dedicado a incentivar la igualdad de género en la cultura.

Obra
Ha publicado poemas, novelas, relatos, ensayos, antologías y biografía.

Prosa
Es autora de la novela El silencio (2008) y de algunos relatos publicados en antologías.

Ha publicado una biografía, Gabriel Ferrater (2002) y los ensayos Leer y escribir en femenino (2013), A contracorriente. Escritoras a la intemperie del siglo XX (2015) y Wonderwomen. 35 retratos de mujeres fascinantes (2016), María Luz Morales. Pionera del Periodismo (2017), Miralls creuats: Roig/Capmany (2017) y, en colaboración con Toni Galmés, LILA. Historia gráfica de una lucha (2019). Su último libro es El llarg viatge de les dones. Feminisme a Catalunya (2020).

Ha participado en el volumen colectivo dirigido por Silvia Bermúdez y Roberta Johnson A New History of Iberian Feminism (Toronto Press, 2018).

El diario El País, contiene un directorio de los artículos publicados por Cabré en este medio.

El repositorio Dialnet recoge parte de su obra.

Poesía
Ha publicado los libros Gran amor (prólogo de Cristina Peri Rossi; 2011) y Si se calla el cantor (prólogo de Francisco Ferrer Lerín; 2012).
Fue seleccionada en la antología Correspondencias. Una antología de poesía contemporánea LGTB española (Egales, 2017).

Traducción
En su faceta de traductora, está especializada en literatura italiana contemporánea y ha traducido a autores que van de Beppe Fenoglio o Fleur Jaeggy a Niccolò Ammaniti o Federico Moccia. Como traductora de poesía ha publicado al poeta italiano Eugenio Montale, la Poesía completa de Oscar Wilde y la poesía completa de Gabriel Ferrater. De Oscar Wilde ha traducido asimismo al catalán La balada de la presó de Reading. L'Esfinx.

Edición
Como antóloga es autora de dos libros de aforismos: Sobre el arte y el artista, de Oscar Wilde, y Migajas sentenciosas, de Francisco de Quevedo. También firma la antología de textos feministas de Montserrat Roig Som una ganga.

Se ha ocupado de edición de Alguien a quien conocí, de María Luz Morales.

Obras
 Gabriel Ferrater (Omega, 2002)
 El silencio (Caballo de Troya, 2008)
 Gran amor (Egales, 2011)
 Si se calla el cantor (Libros de la Frontera, 2012)
 Leer y escribir en femenino (Aresta, 2013)
 A contracorriente. Escritoras a la intemperie del siglo XX (Elba, 2015)
 Wonderwomen. 35 retratos de mujeres fascinantes" (SD Edicions, 2016)
María Luz Morales. Pionera del periodismo (Libros de Vanguardia, 2017)
 Miralls creuts: Roig/Capmany (Pagès Editors, 2017)
LILA. Historia gráfica de una lucha/LILA. Història gràfica d'una lluita (Comanegra, 2019)
El llarg viatge de les dones. Feminisme a Catalunya (Edicions 62, 2020)

Ediciones
 Sobre el arte y el artista de Oscar Wilde (DVD Ediciones, 2000; Elba, 2020)
 Alguien a quien conocí de María Luz Morales (Editorial Renacimiento, 2019)
 Migajas sentenciosas de Francisco de Quevedo (Círculo de Lectores, 2004; Espasa-Calpe, 2007)
Som una ganga de Montserrat Roig (Editorial Comanegra, 2020)

Algunas traducciones
 Diario póstumo de Eugenio Montale (Barcelona, Ediciones de la Rosa Cúbica, 1999)
 Satura de Eugenio Montale (Montblanc, Icaria, 2000)
 Poesía completa de Oscar Wilde (Barcelona, DVD Ediciones, 1999)
 La balada de la presó de Reading. L'Esfinx de Oscar Wilde (Barcelona, DVD Ediciones, 2000)
 Las mujeres y los días de Gabriel Ferrater (Barcelona, Lumen,  2002)
 Vidas conjeturales de Fleur Jaeggy (Barcelona, Alpha Decay, 2013)
 El dedo en la boca de Fleur Jaeggy (Barcelona, Alpha Decay, 2014)
 Las estatuas de agua de Fleur Jaeggy (Barcelona, Alpha Decay, 2015)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Algunos poemas (Revista Agitadoras, junio de 2010)
 Blogs: Bibliomanía, Yo y mis circunstancias y Opiniones robinsonianas.

Nacidos en Barcelona
Escritores de Barcelona
Alumnado de Filología de la Universidad de Barcelona
Alumnado de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra
Filólogos de España del siglo XX
Filólogos de España del siglo XXI
Escritores de España del siglo XX
Escritores de España del siglo XXI
Traductores de España del siglo XX
Traductores de España del siglo XXI
Escritoras de España
Traductores del catalán al español
Traductores del italiano al español
Traductores del inglés al español
Traductores del inglés al catalán
Filólogas
Españolas del siglo XX
Españolas del siglo XXI

María Ángeles Cabré


Espoontori est un centre commercial du quartier central d'Espoon keskus à Espoo en Finlande.

Présentation
Espoontori est un centre commercial et un immeuble de bureaux construit en 1987 dans le centre d'Espoo, juste à côté de la gare d'Espoo.
Espoontori est en face du centre commercial Entresse.

Citycon a acquis Espoontori en 1999.
En août 2017, Citycon a annoncé la vente du centre commercial à la société d'investissement américaine Cerberus Capital Management, et Espoontori a été transféré à Cerberus en novembre 2017.

Accès
Le centre commercial est accessible avec les lignes de trains de banlieue d'Helsinki , , ,  et .

Le centre commercial est aussi accessible par les lignes de bus 118, 134, 136, 200, 213, 224, 531, 542 et de nombreuses autres réservant le  terminal de bus de la gare d'Espoo.

Commerces et services

Commerces et services d'Espoontori par ordre alphabétique

A
 Alanya Market
 Asiointipiste, Espoon kaupunki
C
 Cafe cakehouse oy
E
 Ville d'Espoo
 Centre de services aux seniors
 Espoon Keskustan Apteekki
 Espoontorin Suutari- ja Kaihdinpalvelu
F
 Fafa's Espoontori
 Fida
 Fitness24Seven
H
 Hair House
 Hesburger
K
 K-Supermarket Kulinaari
 Katsastuskontti
 Kruunu ravintolat
 Kultatukku
M
 M Room - Parturi miehille
 Marian kahvila & konditoria
 Moderni parturi-kampaamo
 Musti ja Mirri
N
 Nature Drinks
 Neuvola
O
 Oriental Shop
P
 Parturi-Kampaamo Salon Pepe Åhman
 Posti
 Postin pakettiautomaatti
R
 R-Kioski Espoontori
 Ravintola Sargam
T
 Tokmanni
U
 UFF
V
 Valvomo
 Vanys Nails
 Viiti

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

 Emporis – Espoontori

Liens internes

Bâtiment à Espoo
Centre commercial à Espoo
Espoon keskus

Espoontori


Judith Webb é ex-major do exército britânico e defensora de padrões físicos iguais para homens e mulheres. Ela apareceu na lista BBC 100 Women em 2013 e 2014. Ela foi a primeira mulher a comandar um esquadrão totalmente masculino do Exército Britânico.

Carreira militar
Webb serviu no 28º Regimento de Sinalização do Exército Britânico, e serviu na Alemanha e Chipre. Ela foi a primeira mulher a comandar um esquadrão exclusivamente masculino. Ela se aposentou do Exército em 1986. Em 2013 e 2014, Webb argumentou contra as mulheres serem permitidas nas unidades de infantaria de combate do Exército Britânico, pois ela argumentou que as mulheres precisavam atingir os mesmos níveis de aptidão física dos homens, apesar de serem "fisiologicamente diferentes". Ela criticou as mudanças nos padrões de recrutamento que reduziram a dificuldade para homens e mulheres, dizendo que era uma tentativa de "atender aos requisitos de igualdade de gênero". Ela também destacou como prova duas mulheres que não conseguiram se qualificar no Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais dos Estados Unidos.

Vida pessoal
Webb e sua família administraram a Rossholme Girls 'School, uma escola particular para meninas em East Brent, Somerset, no Reino Unido, por quase 60 anos. Webb administrou a escola de 1986 a 2005, quando a fechou porque era muito pequena para ser viável e não podia ser expandida. As instalações foram convertidas para uso como alojamento de férias.

Reconhecimento
Webb foi incluída na lista das 100 mulheres da BBC em 2013  e 2014, e através disso conheceu a queniana Joyce Aruga, que esperava abrir uma escola em uma favela de Nairóbi. Webb ofereceu a ela um suprimento de uniformes escolares que sobraram da Rossholme School e começou a arrecadar fundos para sustentar a escola, que se chama Rossholme Education Centre.

Veja também

 100 Mulheres (BBC)
 Mulheres na categoria BBC 100 Mulheres

Pessoas vivas
Reino Unido
Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2013
Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2014

Judith Webb


Die Ford-Barrel-Nose-Lkw waren weltweit gebaute Lastkraftwagen von Ford und trugen allgemein die Bezeichnung Ford 77-81. Das Modell wurde auch als Pick-up und Kastenwagen angeboten.

Modellhistorie
Die Baureihe war vom Pkw Ford V8 des Modelljahrs 1934 abgeleitet und weltweit Nachfolger des Ford Modell BB. Im Deutschen Reich ersetzte er den Typ Ford Modell V8-51. Der Barrel-Nose-Lkw wurde im Vereinigten Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland ab 1934 von Ford of Britain als Fordson E88 mit Rechtslenkung produziert. Die deutsche (linksgelenkte) Version wurde in Europa noch von Matford in Frankreich und bei Ford-Vairogs in Riga (Lettland) gebaut.

Nachfolger der Ford Barrel Nose war bei Ford USA und deren Exportmärkten die erste Ford F-Serie und bei Ford of Britain und deren Exportmärkten (Linksverkehr) ab 1939 der bereits parallel ab 1937 gebaute Fordson Thames 7V.

Wehrmachts Lkw G917T, G987T,G987TG und G997T
Im Prinzip waren die Modelle weltweit baugleich, die deutsche Version unterschied sich jedoch durch ihre ungeteilte Windschutzscheibe. In Deutschland wurden die Lkws und Pick-up von den Kölner Ford-Werken von 1939 bis 1942 als G917T, G987T, G987TG und G997T gebaut und dort als "Ford Wehrmachts-Lkw" bekannt.

Der 1939 aufgestellte Schell-Plan berücksichtigte Ford Köln zunächst nicht bei der Auftragsvergabe für die Wehrmacht, da das Werk nicht als "rein deutsch" galt. Ford USA lieferte bis zur Kriegserklärung Deutschlands an die Vereinigten Staaten Anfang Dezember 1941 für die Baureihe Komponenten ans Kölner Werk, danach musste die Produktion der Modelle G987T, G917T und G987TG noch im gleichen Jahr eingestellt werden. Aus vorhandenen Teilen wurde noch bis 1942 das Modell G997T mit dem 3,9-Liter-Achtzylinder-V8-Ottomotor mit 95 PS produziert. Da das Reichsministerium für Bewaffnung und Munition daran interessiert war, die bunte Typenvielfalt der für Wehrmacht und Industrie benötigten LKW zu reduzieren, wurde die Produktion dieser Baureihe in Deutschland und Frankreich eingestellt, während die Fertigung in anderen Regionen weiterging. In Deutschland entstanden ca. 25.000 Fahrzeuge und es gab auch Versionen mit einem von Marmon-Herrington stammenden Allradantrieb. Zudem ließ die Wehrmacht Rettungswagen mit verlängertem Radstand ohne Zwillingsbereifung bauen und es gab auch achtsitzige Kleinbusse. Den G987TG gab es mit Niederrahmenchassis auch als Omnibus für bis zu 25 Sitzplätzen. Um das im Krieg rationierte Benzin zu ersetzen, wurden zahlreiche Fahrzeuge der Baureihe nachträglich mit Imbert-Holzvergaseranlagen ausgerüstet.

Typenprogramm Deutschland
G987T: 1939–1941 3,2 Liter Vierzylinder-Ottomotor Typ BB mit 52 PS
G987TG: 1939–1941 3,2 Liter Vierzylinder-Ottomotor Typ BB mit Holzgasgenerator
G917T: 1939–1941 3,6-Liter-V8-Ottomotor (Seitenventiler) mit 75 bis 90 PS
G997T: 1941–1942 3,9-Liter-V8-Ottomotor (Seitenventiler) mit 95 PS

Literatur
 Frank, Reinhard: Ford im Kriege, Waffenarsenal, Band 123, Podzun-Pallas-Verlag, Friedberg 1990, ISBN 3-7909-0394-9
 Werner Oswald: Kraftfahrzeuge und Panzer der Reichswehr, Wehrmacht und Bundeswehr, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1982
 Vanderveen, Bart: Historic Military Vehicles Directory, "After the Battle" publication (1989)

Weblinks

  und  Fotos und technische Daten, 17. März 2012
  Kfz der Wehrmacht, 17. März 2012
 Barrel Nose Reihe auf Fomcc

Einzelnachweise

Lkw-Modell
Barrel Nose Lkw
Militärfahrzeugtyp des Zweiten Weltkrieges
Ford-Nutzfahrzeug

Ford-Barrel-Nose-Lkw


Fizikte ivme, hızın  zamana göre türevi olarak tanımlanır. Büyüklüğü uzaklık/zaman2 olan bir vektörel niceliktir ve cismin hem hızının hem de yönünün şiddetlerindeki değişimini gösterir.  İvmeölçer yardımıyla ölçülen ivmenin SI birimi metre/saniye²'dir.

Ortalama İvme
Bir cismin ortalama ivmesi belli bir zaman aralığı başına düşen belli bir hız miktarıdır. Matematiksel olarak aşağıdaki gibi ifade edilir:

Anlık İvme
Bir cismin anlık ivmesi cismin anlık zamanda sahip olduğu hız miktarına eşittir. Matematiksel olarak aşağıdaki gibi ifade edilir:

İvme yolun ikinci türevi olarak da tarif edilebilir:

x (t) burada yolun fonksiyonunu temsil eder.

Genel olarak ivme terimi hızdaki (hız vektörünün şiddetindeki) artış olarak kullanılır; hızdaki azalışa ise yavaşlama denir. Fizikte, hız vektöründeki bir değişim ivme olarak kabul edilir: dairesel harekette, hız vektörünün yönündeki değişim merkezcil (merkeze doğru) ivmeye yol açar. Bir cismin kazandığı ivmelenme, ona uygulanan kuvvetin kütlesine bölümünün bir fonksiyonudur.

İvme kelimesi köken olarak iv kökünden gelir ve ivedi:acele, iven:acele eden, ivmek:acele etmek gibi kelimelerle aynı ailede bulunur.

Klasik mekanikte sabit kütleli bir cismin ivmesi, cisme etki eden net kuvvetle orantılıdır (Newton'un ikinci yasası):

Formülde F cisme etki eden net kuvvet, m cismin kütlesi ve a da cismin ivmesini temsil eder.

Ortalama ivme kavramı hız vektöründeki değişimin (Δv) geçen süreye (Δt) bölümüdür. Anlık ivme de, Δt sıfıra yaklaşırken, çok kısa zaman aralıklarında, belirli bir noktanın  ivmesidir.

Kütleçekim ivmesi
İvme kütleçekim sebebiyle de ortaya çıkar. Dünya simetrik bir küre olmadığı için, deniz seviyesinde kütleçekimi her yerde aynı değildir. Mesela Paris kentinde ivme;

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Douglas Stuart Moore (August 10, 1893 – July 25, 1969) was an American composer, songwriter, organist, pianist, conductor, educator, actor, and author. A composer who mainly wrote works with an American subject, his music is generally characterized by lyricism in a popular or conservative style which generally eschewed the more experimental progressive trends of musical modernism. Composer Virgil Thomson described Moore as a neoromantic composer who was influenced by American folk music. While several of his works enjoyed popularity during his lifetime, only his folk opera The Ballad of Baby Doe (1956) has remained well known into the 21st century.

Moore first created music while a student at Yale University from 1911 through 1917; writing usually humorous songs in a popular style for school events in addition to creating music for school plays and musical revues. His work composing music for the Yale Dramatic Association, Elizabethan Club, and Yale Glee Club drew the attention of Yale music department chair Horatio Parker, who persuaded Moore, then a philosophy major, to pursue a second degree in music composition. After completing that degree in 1917, he served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War I before pursuing graduate studies in music composition with Vincent d'Indy at the Schola Cantorum de Paris (1919–1921) and with Ernest Bloch at the Cleveland Institute of Music (1921–1922).

Moore began his professional life as the organist and music director for the Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) from 1921 through 1925; during which time he also worked professionally as a leading actor with the Cleveland Play House. His first composition of note, Four Museum Pieces, was originally written for organ in 1922 with its four movements named for works of art in the collection of the CMA. Like many of Moore's compositions, this piece was composed during a summer residency at the MacDowell Colony, an artistic summer residency program which Moore attended for many years; first as a fellow and later as a member of the governing board. Moore arranged the work for orchestra at the MacDowell Colony in 1923, and conducted its world premiere with the Cleveland Orchestra that year. The piece won him a competitive Joseph Pulitzer National Traveling Scholarship which funded further composition studies with Nadia Boulanger in Paris in 1926.

In the fall of 1926 Moore joined the music faculty of Barnard College at Columbia University; beginning a lengthy professional career at Columbia. He was rapidly promoted at Columbia from adjunct faculty to professor and head of the music department at Barnard College in 1927; thanks in large part to the success of his orchestral suite The Pageant of P.T. Barnum (composed 1924, premiered 1926) which won the Eastman School of Music composing competition in 1927 and became Moore's first work to be widely programmed in the United States. Moore was director of the Columbia University orchestra from 1926 through 1935. In 1940 he succeeded Daniel Gregory Mason as chair of the music program at Columbia; a post he held until his retirement in 1962. His roles at Columbia and the MacDowell Colony as well as leadership roles on the governing boards of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers and the American Academy of Arts and Letters made Moore one of the more influential music educators of the mid 20th century.

Moore composed music for the theater, film, ballet and orchestra. During his lifetime he was primarily known for his folk operas, beginning with the children's opera  The Headless Horseman (1936) which was widely performed at high schools and colleges throughout the United States during the mid 20th century. His next folk opera to achieve success was The Devil and Daniel Webster which premiered on Broadway in 1939 and was based on the 1936 short story of the same name by Pulitizer Prize winning poet Stephen Vincent Benét. Benét was a close friend of Moore's from Yale, and prior to this opera Moore had already composed several art songs to poems by Benét. Benét served as the opera's librettist, and the work went on to enjoy many stagings by American and European opera companies and at universities and conservatories during the 20th century. Moore's Symphony No. 2 in A major (1945) was composed in memory of Stephen Vincent Benét who died in 1943 at the age of 44.

Moore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music for the opera Giants in the Earth in 1951. His best known work, The Ballad of Baby Doe, premiered at the Central City Opera in 1956 and received a critically lauded production at the New York City Opera (NYCO) in 1958. The NYCO recorded the opera with Beverly Sills in the title role. It has remained a part of the standard opera repertory. As an author he penned two books on music, Listening to Music (1932) and From Madrigal to Modern Music (1942).

Life

Early life (1893–1911)
Douglas Stuart Moore was born on August 10, 1893, in Cutchogue, Long Island, New York in the farmhouse of his grandfather, Joseph Hull Moore (1817–1904), where both his father and brothers were also born. He was the youngest child of Stuart Hull Moore (1854–1915) and Myra Drake (1856–1933); both of whom descended from the first colonial English settlers to America. He had two older brothers, Arthur and Eliot, and an older sister, Dorothy. His father's ancestor Thomas Moore (1615–1691) originally settled in Connecticut but moved to Southold, New York on Long Island in 1640. His mother was a descendent of both Myles Standish and John Alden who traveled to America on the Mayflower. His father built another nearby home for his family on the Moore family's farm, named Quawksnest, in which Moore and his family spent their summers. As an adult Moore lived on the family's Cutchogue property until his death in 1969. He resided in a cottage named Salt Meadow which was originally a garage and clubhouse before being converted into a home for Moore in 1933.

Moore's father made a living as a publisher of among other things the literary magazine Ladies' World; a business which he sold to S. S. McClure upon his retirement in 1913. While not in Cutchogue, the Moore family resided in Brooklyn, New York, at a house located at 43 McDonough Street until 1914 when the family moved into a Brooklyn apartment building at the corner of Van Buren Street and Sumner Avenue. The family also owned a summer home in Pasadena, California which was purchased after Stuart Moore sold his business. While there were no professional musicians in Moore's family, his mother was an amateur pianist who also sang in the women's chorus of Brooklyn's Chaminade Society (CS). At his mother's insistence, Moore began his music education at the age of seven with the conductor of the CS chorus, Emma Richardson Kuster, who began giving him piano lessons in 1900. He later was a piano student of Beverly Day. His father enjoyed playing pianola rolls in the family home during his youth.

Moore attended elementary school at the Adelphi Academy (now Adelphi University) in Brooklyn which was operated at that time by Charles Herbert Levermore. At the age of 13 he matriculated to the Fessenden School, a boys boarding school in West Newton, Massachusetts which he attended for the 1906–1907 academic year. After this, he completed the last four years of his college preparatory education at the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut from which he graduated in the spring of 1911. At Hotchkiss he made close friendships with several fellow students that would last through adulthood. These included friendships with Archibald MacLeish, who became a three-time Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, writer, and the ninth Librarian of Congress; Donald Oenslager, who became a Tony Award winning scenic designer; Henry Luce, who founded the magazines Time, Life, and Fortune; and Emily Bailey, whom Moore eventually married in 1920.

Yale University (1911–1917)
Moore entered Yale University as a college freshman in the fall of 1911 alongside his Hotchkiss friend Archibald MacLeish. At Yale he composed songs for school events which demonstrated a talent for writing music within a popular style. He quickly gained a reputation at Yale for writing humorous songs; one of which, "Naomi: The Restaurant Queen", was performed by actress Ethel Green in her vaudeville act and was published by Charles F. Smith in 1912. Of the other songs he wrote while at Yale, the most well known is the Yale fight song "Goodnight, Harvard" which he composed in 1913. This song has been recorded by several artists, including Rudy Vallée. He also wrote another fight song, "Parabalou", in 1912.

Moore was a member of the Yale Glee Club from 1913 through 1915; succeeding Cole Porter as the ensemble's "soloist and stunt man". With the glee club he often starred in comedy acts that contained music that he had composed. He was also a member of the banjo and mandolin club, and notably composed Concerto for Piano and mandolins which he premiered on campus as the pianist. In May 1914 he became a member of the Wolf's Head secret society. He also performed in stage plays with the Yale Dramatic Association and the Elizabethan Club. Yale being an all-male school at that time, he often portrayed female characters on stage in drag, such as Mabel Chilters in Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband. Moore developed close friendships with several fellow students in these performance groups, including Stephen Vincent Benét, Thornton Wilder, and Cole Porter.

Originally a philosophy major, Moore didn't begin formal music studies at Yale until the fall 1913 semester when he became a pupil of David Stanley Smith who was one of his principal music teachers at Yale. His other principal teacher at Yale was Horatio Parker, who encouraged Moore to focus his music studies on composition after Parker heard works composed by Moore for the Yale Dramatic Club's productions of Walter Scott's Quentin Durward and William Shakespeare's King Lear in 1914. For those productions Moore served as conductor. He earned two degrees from Yale University, a B.A. in philosophy in 1915, and a B.M. in music composition in 1917. For his final graduate project he conducted his orchestral composition Fantaisie Polonaise. One of Moore's composition classmates at Yale was Roger Sessions.

While a student at Yale, Moore's father died in Pasadena on 18 April 1915. His father was a millionaire, and left Moore a considerable fortune which allowed him to freely pursue his music interests and live comfortably with the services of a butler and cook for the rest of his life. In the summer of 1916 he was a fellow at the MacDowell Colony, and he later returned to MacDowell multiple times during his career.

War Service, Paris studies, and marriage (1917–1921)
Moore further utilized his song writing skillset while serving in the United States Navy for two years during the Great War as a lieutenant from 1917 through 1919; writing songs to entertain his fellow servicemen in the Navy. One of these songs, "Destroyer Life", appeared in the 1928 anthology Songs My Mother Never Taught Me which Moore co-authored with John Jacob Niles; bringing Moore his first recognition as a songwriter. Other songs penned by Moore from this era included "Santy Anna", "When I Lays Down", "Ate My Breakfast", "Hanging Johnnie", and "Jail Song"; many of them humorous accounts of life in the navy or about romantic liaisons with local women while on shore leave. He also wrote music to several poems by his friend MacLeish during this time. His songs demonstrated music influences from Tin Pan Alley, vaudeville, American folk tunes, and minstrel shows.

After leaving the Navy, Moore pursued graduate studies at the Schola Cantorum de Paris from 1919 through 1921, where his teachers included Vincent d'Indy (composition) and Charles Tournemire (organ). Tournemire left his teaching post in 1920; and Moore completed his organ studies with Nadia Boulanger. From D'Indy, Moore gained a compositional style similar to César Franck who had been D'Indy's teacher. While his music later moved in other directions beyond this style, Moore credited D'Indy for giving him a grounding in musical form from which he composed during the rest of his career.

While a student in Paris, Moore returned to the United States to wed Emily Bailey, a close friend since his Hotchkiss days, on 16 September 1920 at Martha's Vineyard. They spent their honeymoon sailing the eastern coast of the United States before returning as a couple to Paris. In France, the couple were at the center of a social group of American artists all studying in Paris. These included his old Yale friend Stephen Vincent Benét, composer Quincy Porter, and pianist Bruce Simonds (who was later head of the music department at Yale) among others. Emily gave birth to the couple's first child, Mary, in Paris on 7 July 1921.

Cleveland and return to Paris (1921–1926)
From 1921 through 1925 Moore worked as the curator of music at the Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA), and concurrently served as organist at Adelbert College of Western Reserve University (now Case Western Reserve University) from 1923 through 1925. At the CMA he gave weekly organ concerts on the CMA's McMyler Memorial Organ which was built by Ernest M. Skinner during his first year with the museum in 1921, and then installed in 1922. In addition to performing these concerts, his other CMA duties included directing a children's music program of regular weekly classes, giving public lectures on music history and appreciation, and coordinating a chamber music concert series. He used his position at the CMA to champion American composers and their music through programming their works.

During his time at CMA, Moore continued his education through continued composition studies with Ernest Bloch in his masterclass at the Cleveland Institute of Music in 1921–1922. His classmates included composers Theodore Chandler, Quincy Porter, Bernard Rogers, and Roger Sessions. Moore thrived under Bloch more so than his earlier composition teachers. Bloch encouraged Moore and his classmates to compose music in their own aesthetic and style rather than conform to a specific aesthetic for their assignments.

Moore also worked as a leading actor at the Cleveland Play House (CPH) in the 1920s. Roles he portrayed at this theater included Reverend Cyril Smith in G. K. Chesterton's Magic (1922–1923 season); Henry Higgins in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion (1923–1924 season); Geoffrey Wareham in Harry Wagstaff Gribble's March Hares (1923; and later reprised in 1928); and the title role in Clare Kummer's Rollo's Wild Oat. His experiences performing at the CPH later informed his work creating pieces for the stage. Reviews of his performances were highly positive, and for a time Moore considered abandoning his career in music and pursuing an acting career.

Moore made his first significant professional contribution as a composer and conductor on November 15, 1923; conducting the premiere of his Four Museum Pieces with the Cleveland Orchestra. That work had originally been composed by Moore for organ while in attendance at the MacDowell Colony in the summer of 1922, and, after encouragement from Daniel Gregory Mason, was orchestrated by Moore at the MacDowell Colony in the summer of 1923. Moore titled each movement after a work of art in the collection of the CMA. During these summers at MacDowell, Moore also composed several art songs to poems by Stephen Vincent Benét ("A Nonsense Song" and "A Sad Song"), Archibald MacLeish ("April Weather"), and Elinor Wylie ("The Apple Boughs Bend"); all of which were performed at MacDowell with the poets in attendance. In 1926 Moore joined the board of directors of the Edward MacDowell Association which ran the MacDowell Colony among other things.

In 1923 Moore met and befriended the poet Vachel Lindsay; a relationship which had a significant impact on the future trajectory of Moore's compositional focus. Lindsay persuaded Moore to write music using American culture and history as its inspiration, and from this point on Moore's compositional output was mostly based on American subjects or themes for the rest of his life. His first American themed work was the symphonic piece Pageant of P.T. Barnum (composed 1924). Well received at its premiere by the Cleveland Orchestra under Nikolai Sokoloff on 28 March 1926, this work was the first piece by Moore to bring the composer recognition among the broader public. The piece enjoyed a great deal of popularity in America during the mid 20th century, but has since been programmed infrequently. He also composed the 104th Cavalry Regiment March in 1924 in honor of the regiment of the same name of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard; a work later arranged for band by Joseph C. Painter. In 1925 he composed incidental music for a production of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night on a commission from Richard Boleslawski's American Laboratory Theatre (ALT). He continued to compose incidental music for the ALT in succeeding years for productions of Much Ado About Nothing and Robert E. Sherwood's The Road to Rome in 1927.

From the autumn of 1925 through the spring of 1926 Moore studied composition with Boulanger in Paris after being awarded a Joseph Pulitzer National Traveling Scholarship in recognition of his Four Museum Pieces. While Moore had a positive experience as an organ pupil of Boulanger, his compositional studies were not happy ones under her tutelage. His interests in sentimental American subjects, opera, musical theatre, folk music, and a penchant for more conservative melodic writing clashed with Boulanger's progressive aesthetic of musical modernism. Moore stated the following about Boulanger: "We never got along in composition. She didn't like what I could do and I didn't like what she taught. She was a devotee of Fauré and Stravinsky. She didn't want you to be yourself."

As a result, Moore's time with Boulanger was not productive; with only a few small chamber pieces for woodwinds surviving. However, Moore did gain from Boulanger a stronger grounding in counterpoint and general musicianship skills, and he met several esteemed musicians in Boulanger's circle which proved to be valuable professional contacts in his career. He also devoted time to some vocal works while in Paris; although it is not clear if Boulanger had any input into these works.  The most important of these was the Ballad of William Sycmamore which used text by Stephen Vincent Benét, and was scored for baritone voice, flute, trombone, and piano. He also worked on his first stage work while in Paris, the musical Oh, Oh, Tennessee, but the work has never been published or performed.

Columbia University (1926–1962)
After Moore returned to New York from Paris, he joined the music faculty at Barnard College, Columbia University in the fall of 1926. The success of the Pageant of P.T. Barnum upon its New York career at Carnegie Hall on January 18, 1927, and the work's win of the 1927 Eastman School of Music Orchestra Contest had a positive impact on Moore's career at Columbia. He was rapidly promoted from adjunct faculty member to assistant professor at the wider Columbia University and head of the music department at Barnard College specifically on July 1, 1927.

From 1926 through 1935 Moore was the conductor of Columbia University's orchestra. Under his leadership, Moore was instrumental in instituting several new policies in the music program at Columbia. These included giving students college credit for playing in the orchestra and taking music lessons for the first time, opening up the orchestra to women players for the first time, and instituting scholarships for instrumentalists in the orchestra that were difficult to obtain (such as oboists and bassoonists). In addition to his busy schedule administrating the music program and conducting orchestra rehearsals and concerts, Moore taught courses in music appreciation. This latter work led to the publication of his first book, Listening to Music (1932), which was written for a general audience without any music background. The book explained the basic elements of music: melody, harmony, polyphony, tonality, rhythm, and form with a suggested guide to recordings for listening and further reading. It was one of the earliest, if not the earliest, music textbooks to incorporate music recordings into the text.

In 1940 Moore succeeded Daniel Gregory Mason as head of the music faculty at Columbia; a post he held for the next 22 years. During his tenure he served as the administering secretary of the Alice M. Ditson Fund which was responsible for funding works by composers like Béla Bartók, Benjamin Britten, Gian Carlo Menotti, Walter Piston, and Virgil Thomson among others. He retired from Columbia in 1962 after having taught at that institution for 36 years.

Moore was a member from 1941 of the National Institute and American Academy of Arts and Letters. He served as president from 1953 until 1956. In 1954 he was a co-founder, with Otto Luening and Oliver Daniel, of the CRI (Composers Recordings, Inc.) record label.

His second book was,From Madrigal to Modern Music (1942).

Work as a composer (1926–1966)

1926–1929
During his time at Columbia, Moore remained active as a composer; writing works with American themes. The first major work he composed during this time was the symphonic poem Moby-Dick (1928); which told the story of Melville's 1851 novel of the same name through music. This is one of the few compositions by Moore which attempted to embrace elements of musical modernism with applications of quartal and quintal harmony, polytonality, frequent metre changes, increased dissonance, and atonality; all techniques not usually found in Moore's works. The work was likely an attempt to utilize techniques learned by Moore from Boulanger, and an attempt to write in a style currently in vogue with his contemporaries. Premiered by the Rochester Philharmonic, the work was not well received, and Moore never again chose to create a piece in this modernist style.

In 1928 Moore co-authored a collection of songs from World War I with John Jacob Niles entitled Songs My Mother Never Taught Me. The anthology included mainly anonymous songs from the army and navy which were arranged by the two men; but also included some original music from Moore's songwriting days while in the navy.Moore also contributed the children's songs "The Cupboard" and "Fingers and Toes" to the 1928 anthology New Songs for New Voices. Moore also composed music for a planned play on American outlaw Jesse James for the ALT that year, but financial issues ultimately prevented that project from making it to the stage. His 1929 Violin sonata was written for violinist Hildegarde Donaldson.

1930s
In the summer of 1930 on the Moore family farm in Cutchogue, Moore began composing his first symphony: A Symphony of Autumn in three movements. Completed in 1931, the symphony was dedicated to composer and conductor Howard Hanson who conducted the Rochester Philharmonic in the work's premiere on April 2, 1931. The symphony incorporates programmatic elements while maintaining a traditional symphonic form; although the work omits the scherzo movement.

Moore conducted the Manhattan Symphony Orchestra in the premiere of his Overture on an American Tune on December 11, 1932. The work was originally titled Babbitt after the 1922 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis. Program notes at the work's premiere indicate that the piece was meant to express musical ideas inspired by the "maligned" title character of the novel. Utilizing a sonata form structure, the overture uses the tune "Sweet Adeline" by Tin Pan Alley composer Henry W. Armstrong as a motif. Moore develops the melody to this tune using the techniques of augmentation, diminution, and retrograde.

Moore's String quartet was premiered by the Arion String Quartet at Barnard College on November 16, 1933, just two weeks before the death of his mother in Pasadena on December 1, 1933. The string quartet was dedicated to the Roth Quartet and is written in Moore's characteristic melodic style with effective use of countermelodies and modal harmony.

In 1934 Moore was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship which enabled him to spend time in Bermuda composing his first opera, White Wings, after the 1926 Broadway play by dramatist Philip Barry. Moore had seen the work on Broadway, and was one of several composers interested in adapting work with a music setting; among them Kurt Weil. Two of Moore's old school friends, magazine magnate and Hotchkiss alumnus Henry Luce and poet and Yale alumnus Stephen Vincent Benét, were instrumental in convincing Barry to select Moore to adapt the play as an opera. The work was supposed to be mounted by the Federal Theatre Project in 1935, but a union strike by workers put an end to the planned staging. The overture for the opera was premiered by the Brooklyn Symphony Orchestra in June 1935; but a staging of the opera did not happen until fourteen years later when it was mounted by The Hartt School on February 10, 1949. Conflicts with Barry and his widow prevented the opera from being published.

In 1936 ethnomusicologist and music educator Willard Rhodes, then music director for the Bronxville Union Free School District, commissioned Moore to write an operetta based on Mayne Reid's 1866 novel The Headless Horseman. Written in the style of Gilbert and Sullivan, the Bronxville High School presented the world premiere of the work on March 5, 1937. Stephen Vincent Benet wrote the libretto to the work. This opera was regularly performed at American high schools and universities during the 20th century.

Moore and Benet collaborated again on the folk opera The Devil and Daniel Webster (1939) which was adapted from Benet's 1936 novel of the same name. Composed in the years 1937 through 1939, the work premiered at Broadway 's Martin Beck Theatre on 18 May 1939 in a double bill with Virgil Thomson's Filling Station.

1940s

1950s
Moore was also influenced by jazz and ragtime, developed by African Americans. This is most readily apparent in his operas. The Ballad of Baby Doe has several rag elements (a honky-tonk piano is used extensively in the first scene). In his "soap opera" Gallantry (1950), the commercials for Lochinvar soap and Billy Boy wax are sung in a blueslike fashion. The allegretto from his second symphony has been described as having an almost neoclassical style.

Douglas Moore's music has been described as having a "modesty, grace and tender lyricism", especially marking the slower passages of many works, especially his Symphony in A major and the clarinet quintet. The faster movements of these works have "robust, jovial and a somewhat terpsichorean quality." Most of Moore's energy was devoted to music for opera rather than to orchestral works.

The novel Giants in the Earth was written by a Norwegian American and first published in Norwegian in 1921–1922. Moore composed music after the 1927 English translation of this work about Scandinavian settlers on the Great Plains was adapted as an opera. He won the 1951 Pulitzer Prize for Music for this work.

1960s

Selected works

Stage works
Oh, Oh, Tennessee, musical comedy (1925)
Twelfth Night, incidental music (1925)
Much Ado About Nothing, incidental music (1927)
The Road to Rome, incidental music (1927)
Jesse James (1928)
Greek Games, ballet (1930)
White Wings, chamber opera (1935)
The Headless Horseman, operetta (1936)
The Devil and Daniel Webster, folk opera (1939)
The Emperor's New Clothes, children's opera (1948)
Puss in Boots, children's operetta (1950)
Giants in the Earth, opera (1951)
The Ballad of Baby Doe, opera (1956)
Gallantry, a "soap opera" (1958)
The Wings of the Dove, opera (1961), based on 1902 eponymous novel by Henry James
The Greenfield Christmas Tree (1962)
Carry Nation, opera (1966)

Orchestral works
 Four Museum Pieces (1923)
 The Pageant of P. T. Barnum, suite (1924)
 I. The Pageant of P. T. Barnum, II. Joice Heth - 161-year-old Negress, III. General and Mrs. Tom Thumb, IV. Jenny Lind
 Moby Dick, symphonic poem (1928)
 A Symphony of Autumn (1930–31)
 Overture on an American Tune (1932)
 Village Music, suite (1941)
 In memoriam (1943)
 Down East suite, also arranged for violin and piano (1944)
 Symphony No. 2 in A major (1945)
 Farm Journal, suite (1947)
 Cotillion Suite (1952)

Chamber works

 Violin sonata (1929)
 String quartet (1933)
 Quintet for woodwinds and horn (1942)
 Quintet for clarinet and strings (1946)
 Piano trio (1953)

Film music
 Power in the Land (1940, material later used for Farm Journal in 1947)
 Youth Gets a Break (1940)
 Bip Goes to Town (1941)

Organ
Prelude and Fugue(composed from 1919 to 1922)
March (1922)
4 Museum Pieces (1922)
Scherzo (1923)

Piano
3 Contemporaries: Careful Etta, Grievin' Annie, Fiddlin' Joe''' (composed 1935–40)4 Museum Piece (1939)Passacaglia suite (1948)4 Pieces (1955)Dance for a Holiday (1957)
Prelude (1957)Summer Holiday (1961)

Choral worksPerhaps to Dream (S. V. Benét), SSA chorus (1937)Simon Legree (V. Lindsay), TTBB (1937)Dedication (A. MacLeish), SSATBB chorus (1938)Prayer for England, TTBB chorus (1940)Prayer for the United Nations (S.V. Benét), A/Bar, chorus (1943)Westren Winde, canon (1946)
Vayechulu (Heb.), cantor, chorus, org, (1947–8)Birds' Courting Song, tenor soloist and chorus (1953)The Mysterious Cat (1960)Mary's Prayer'', soprano soloist and SSA chorus (1962)

References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links
Finding aid to Douglas Moore papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
The Ballad of Baby Doe web site
Information on Douglas Moore from usopera.com

1893 births
1969 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Columbia University faculty
American opera composers
American organists
Male opera composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
Pulitzer Prize for Music winners
Schola Cantorum de Paris alumni
People from Cutchogue, New York
Hotchkiss School alumni
Yale University alumni
Pupils of Vincent d'Indy
Pupils of Ernest Bloch
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from New York (state)
20th-century American male musicians
Fessenden School alumni
Pulitzer Traveling Scholarship winners

Douglas Moore


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Gparted este, de asemenea, inclus în alte distribuții Linux LiveCD, cum ar fi Knoppix, SystemRescueCd, Ubuntu, etc. și este instrumentul principal al distribuției specializate Parted Magic.

Funcțiuni
Gparted este o aplicație multiplatformă ce permite efectuarea de operații cu partiții pentru multiple sisteme de fișiere precum crearea, formatarea, ștergerea, redimensionarea, mutarea, verificarea, etichetarea, copierea, lipirea. Utilizează libparted pentru a detecta și opera dispozitivele și tabelele de partiții. Gparted permite  modificarea și organizarea partițiilor păstrând conținutul partiției.

GParted acceptă următoarele operații și sisteme de fișiere:

Note

Vezi și
GNOME Disks
fdisk
QtParted, aplicație alternativă scrisă în Qt
KDE Partition Manager
Clonezilla.

Legături externe

 gparted.org
A Full Review of GParted, a Free Partition Management Tool

Gestionar de partiții
GNOME
Software cu sursă deschisă
Software liber programat în C++

GParted


Jean Hellard, né le  à Argentan et mort pour la France le  à Pointe-Noire, est un fonctionnaire et résistant français, Compagnon de la Libération. Employé de l'administration coloniale en Afrique, il décide, au début de la seconde guerre mondiale, de se rallier à la France libre. Il participe alors à l'adhésion des colonies africaines à la résistance mais meurt prématurément de maladie.

Biographie

Jeunesse

Jean Hellard naît le 10 juin 1908 à Argentan, dans l'Orne. Il y effectue ses études secondaires au collège Mézeray avant d'entrer à la faculté de Caen. Il commence ensuite à travailler pour l'administration coloniale et part en Haute-Côte d'Ivoire où, en 1938, il est commis des services civils. Il y rencontre Edmond Louveau, administrateur supérieur de la région, dont il devient le secrétaire particulier.

Seconde Guerre mondiale

Refusant l'armistice du 22 juin 1940, Jean Hellard se joint à Edmond Louveau pour se rallier à la France libre. Au début du mois de juillet 1940, il quitte l'Afrique pour Londres où il rencontre le général de Gaulle pour lui rendre compte du ralliement de la colonie à la résistance. Il retourne ensuite en Afrique mais échappe de peu à l'arrestation à la frontière ivoirienne où des troupes vichystes sont encore présentes. Il décide alors de rejoindre Adolphe Sicé et prend la mer en direction de l'Afrique-Équatoriale française. Après un voyage difficile au cours duquel son navire a été pris pour cible par l'aviation ennemie, il arrive au Congo le 12 novembre 1940.

Désigné pour un poste à Libreville au Gabon, Jean Hellard ne peut cependant pas rejoindre sa nouvelle affection : le 27 novembre 1940, il meurt d'une pneumonie à Pointe-Noire où il est inhumé. N'ayant pas conniassance de son décès, le régime de Vichy le condamne à mort par contumace le 11 octobre 1941 pour son ralliement à la France libre.

Décorations

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes

 Ordre de la Libération
 Libération de la France

Liens externes

Personnalité de la France libre
Résistant français
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Compagnon de la Libération
Titulaire de la croix de guerre 1939-1945
Naissance en juin 1908
Naissance à Argentan
Décès en novembre 1940
Décès à Pointe-Noire (république du Congo)
Décès à 32 ans
Mort pour la France

Jean Hellard


Olaylar
 Notre Dame Katedrali'nin yapımı tamamlandı.

Doğumlar
 Kadı Burhaneddin, Türk devlet adamı, alim ve Azeri edebiyatı ve Divan edebiyatı şairi (ö. 1398)
 Vuk Branković, orta çağda yaşamış Sırp soylu (ö. 1397)

Ölümler
 7 Temmuz - Momchil, Bulgar yönetici
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Alâaddin Küçük, Mısır Memlûk Sultanı (d. 1334)
 Aleksios Apokaukos, Bizanslı devlet adamı ve asker
 İmadeddin İsmail, Mısır Memlûk Sultanı (d. 1325)
 İoannis Apokaukos, Aleksios Apokaukos'un oğlu, Bizanslı Megadük
 Satıbey Hatun, Olcaytu Han'ın kızı, İlhanlı Devleti hükümdarı (d. 1316)
 Süleyman Han, İlhanlı hanı

1345


Isla San Miguel es la más occidental de las Islas del Canal de California (Archipiélago del Norte), situada al otro lado del Canal de Santa Bárbara en el Océano Pacífico, en el Condado de Santa Bárbara, California. San Miguel es la sexta más grande de las ocho islas del Canal con 9.325 acres (37,74 km²), incluyendo islotes y rocas circundantes. La isla Prince, a 700 m (2.300 pies) en la costa noreste, mide 35 acres (14 ha) de superficie. La isla, en su extensión más larga, alcanza las 8 millas (13 kilómetros) de largo y 3,7 millas (6,0 km) de ancho.

Véase también
 Geografía de California
 Geografía de Estados Unidos

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la isla

Archipiélagos e islas de California
Descubrimientos geográficos de 1542
Descubrimientos geográficos de España en el siglo XVI
Nueva España en 1542

Isla San Miguel (California)


Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 6 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Fuq" beginnt.

Fuq

Fuqu
 Fuqua, Antoine (* 1965), US-amerikanischer Regisseur für Spielfilme, Musikvideos und Werbespots
 Fuqua, Don (* 1933), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Fuqua, Harvey (1929–2010), US-amerikanischer Doowop-Sänger uns R&B-Produzent
 Fuqua, Henry L. (1865–1926), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Fuqua, Ivan (1909–1994), US-amerikanischer Sprinter
 Fuqua, Samuel Glenn (1899–1987), US-amerikanischer Konteradmiral der US-Marine und Träger der Medal of Honor

Liste der Biografien/Fuq


Djaloniella, monotipski biljni rod iz porodice sirištarke. Jedina je vrsta D. ypsilostyla iz zapadne tropske Afrike, Obala Bjelokosti i Gvineje.

Malena biljka, raste po vlažnim staništima; cvijet plav.

Sinonimi
 Swertia caerulea A. Chev.

Izvori

Sirištarke
Flora Gvineje
Flora Obale Bjelokosti

Djaloniella


SML may refer to:

Economics
Sammarinese lira, ISO 4217 code
Security market line, a representation of the capital asset pricing model
Sistema de Pagamentos em Moeda Local, local currency payment system

Organisations and businesses
Scottish Militant Labour, 1990s Trotskyist political party
SML Isuzu, commercial vehicle manufacturer, India
Soheil Mosun, architectural manufacturer and design-build company, Toronto, Canada
Strasser Marigaux & Lemaire, French musical instrument manufacturer

Places

Buildings
Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
St Mary's Church, Longfleet, Dorset County, England

Other places
Smith Mountain Lake, in Virginia, U.S.
South Manchester Line, a tram line of the Manchester Metrolink, U.K.

Science and technology

Computers
Standard ML, a programming language
Service Modeling Language, to allow computing applications to communicate

Other
Sea surface microlayer, the top millimeter of the ocean surface
Shoals Marine Laboratory, a seasonal marine field station on Appledore Island, Maine, U.S.

Other uses
Super Mario Land, for the Game Boy
Survey Motor Launches, decommissioned vessels of the British Royal Navy

SML


Rita Gombrowicz (* 1935 in Pierrefonds, heute Montreal) ist eine kanadisch-französische Literaturwissenschaftlerin und Witwe des polnischen Schriftstellers Witold Gombrowicz.

Biographie
Rita Gombrowicz, geborene Labrosse, wurde als Tochter eines kanadischen Farmers geboren, dessen Vorfahren aus der Normandie und aus dem Burgund stammen. Nach ihrer Schulzeit in einem katholischen Internat studierte sie französische Literaturwissenschaft an der Universität Montreal, an der Sorbonne und an der Universität Nice-Aix-en-Provence, wo sie ihre Studien mit einer Doktorarbeit über Colette abschloss. Während ihres Studiums in Paris wohnte Rita Gombrowicz zeitweise im Heinrich-Heine-Haus der Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris.

Im Mai 1964 lernte sie im Kloster Royaumont den polnischen Schriftsteller Witold Gombrowicz kennen. Im Herbst 1964 zog sie zusammen mit Witold Gombrowicz nach Vence, wo das Paar am 28. Dezember 1968 heiratete. Nach dem Tod ihres Mannes im Jahr 1969 verbrachte sie sieben Jahre in Mailand. Heute lebt Rita Gombrowicz in Paris und widmet sich der Verbreitung des Werkes ihres Mannes, das in 37 Sprachen übersetzt ist.

2007 wurde Rita Gombrowicz die Ehrenbürgerwürde der polnischen Stadt Lublin verliehen.

Werke (Auswahl)
 Gombrowicz en Argentine. Témoignages et documents 1939–1963. Éditions Denoël, Paris 1984 (1987 in polnischer Ausgabe erschienen)
 Gombrowicz en Europe. Témoignages et documents 1963–1969. Éditions Denoël, Paris 1988
 Gombrowicz en Argentine. Témoignages et documents 1939–1963. Les Éditions Noir sur blanc, Montricher (Schweiz) 2004 (erweiterte Ausgabe von 1984)

Weblinks

 Website über Witold Gombrowicz, mit vielen Fotos von Rita Gombrowicz
 Interview mit Rita Gombrowicz (französischer Text)
 Film über die Verleihung der Ehrenbürgerwürde in Lublin bei YouTube
 Podiumsdiskussion mit Rita Gombrowicz bei YouTube
 Conférences-performances bei dailymotion

Literaturwissenschaftler
Romanist
Ehrenbürger in der Woiwodschaft Lublin
Person (Paris)
Kanadier
Franzose
Geboren 1935
Frau
Witold Gombrowicz

Rita Gombrowicz


Niels Schwartz (født 11. januar 1670 i Lund, død 1753, begravet 3. april) var en dansk orientalist. Han var søn af Josua Schwartz.

Faderen var professor ved Lunds Universitet. Sønnen har uden tvivl deponeret i Lund, men fulgte faderen, da denne 1677 flygtede til Danmark. Han tænkte aldrig på at studere teologi, men kun på at samle kundskaber, navnlig i de orientalske sprog, og sin trang fik han stillet ved fremmede universiteter og vidtløftige rejser. I 1708 blev han kancelliråd, 1718 assessor i Overhofretten i Norge og endelig 1747 virkelig justitsråd. Stillingen som assessor synes han at have betragtet som en blot og bar værdighed, da han stadig unddrog sig fra at møde i retten. I sin høje alderdom fik han anmodning af Generalkirkeinspektionen om at hjælpe til med en forbedret bibeloversættelse, og han begyndte da på en oversættelse af Salmerne, som han havde færdig 1749. Salmernes 1. bog tillige med de 4 første kapitler af Genesis kom ud 1752 i hans 83. år, og han håbede endnu at kunne fortsætte, men døde følgende år. Han sendte sin oversættelse, der er både på dansk og latin, til pave Benedikt XIV for at vise ham, hvor mange fejl der er i Vulgata.

Sproget i hans oversættelse er utvivlsomt bedre end i den autoriserede bibeludgave på den tid, men han betænker sig ikke på forklarende tilsætninger, der for det meste er overflødige og ikke altid rigtige. At han, der var ejer af Buskerud, barnløs og rig mand, ikke tidligere har iværksat dette arbejde, er underligt, når man hører hans tanker om sig selv. Han siger: "Der findes ikke et eneste Ord i Evæ Tungemaal, uden at det har sit eget guddommelige Komma eller Sammenføjelsestegn . . . Ingen har til Dato ret forstaaet den Helligaands Commata, Tegn og Hemmeligheder, som den (Skriften) alle Vegne er opfyldt med ... De gammeltestamentlige Commata bevise i ethvert Kapitel selv deres Guddommelighed og ere i alle Maader lige saa guddommelige som Ordene selv." Der må være noget ejendommelig hemmelighedsfuldt ved disse Commata, da han siger, at han kan takke dem for sin forvisning om det evige liv. Med sin hustru, Alhed Maria, født Heins (1675–1748), fik han den betydelige ejendom Buskerud, og til bedste for de til ejendommen hørende børns opdragelse stiftede han med sin hustru 1744 et legat på 1000 rigsdaler.

Kilder

Orientalister fra Danmark
Bibeloversættere
Oversættere fra Danmark
Danskere i 1600-tallet
Danskere i 1700-tallet
Personer fra Lund

Niels Schwartz


المطلقات هو فيلم اجتماعي مصري من إنتاج عام 1975.

أبطاله

 شمس البارودي
 نجوى فؤاد
 شكري سرحان
 صلاح قابيل
 ميمي جمال
 عبد المنعم إبراهيم

وصلات خارجية

أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1975
أفلام شمس البارودي
أفلام عماد حمدي
أفلام نجوى فؤاد
أفلام شكري سرحان
أفلام صلاح قابيل
أفلام ميمي جمال
أفلام عبد المنعم إبراهيم
أفلام عن الطلاق
أفلام مشيرة إسماعيل

المطلقات (فيلم)


Segundo García García (Vegapujín, Murias de Paredes, provincia de León, 13 de mayo de 1874 - León, 27 de junio de 1931) fue un militar español que de soldado llegó al rango de General de Brigada.

Biografía
En 1898, estando destacado en Filipinas como sargento y dando escolta a un numeroso convoy compuesto en su mayoría por civiles y heridos que se dirigían a Manila, en el trayecto fueron atacados por un numeroso contingente de rebeldes tagalos, a los que hizo frente solo con el apoyo de cuatro soldados a sus órdenes. Con esta notoria desproporción de fuerzas y tan escasos recursos militares, consiguió rechazar a los numerosos rebeldes filipinos gracias a la determinación y el acierto de su estrategia, causando importantes bajas al enemigo, sufriendo él mismo importantes heridas y solo la pérdida de un soldado. Por esta increíble acción fue condecorado con la Cruz Laureada de San Fernando, máxima condecoración militar en España, convirtiéndose a la vez en Caballero cubierto ante el Rey.

En 1926, siendo coronel, fue condenado por su participación en el intento de golpe de Estado constitucionalista para derrocar la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera, más conocida como «la Sanjuanada». Finalizado el periodo dictatorial, en 1930 fue amnistiado, rehabilitado y reconocidos todos sus derechos civiles y militares y posteriormente ascendido a General de Brigada.

Entre sus descendientes, cabe destacar a los «hermanos García» (conocidos así en los círculos empresariales), Raúl Carlos García González (1974) y Jorge García González (1982), directivos de reconocido prestigio del sector industrial y asegurador, respectivamente, hijos de Sixto Raúl y María de los Ángeles (hermanas S. María, Marian y Déborah García González).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Diario de León

Dictadura de Primo de Rivera
Militares de España del siglo XX
Condecorados con la Cruz Laureada de San Fernando

Segundo García García


Pınarönü, Beyağaç - Denizli ili Beyağaç ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Pınarönü, Erzincan - Erzincan ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Pınarönü, Ermenek - Karaman ili Ermenek ilçesine bağlı köy
 Pınarönü, Silopi - Şırnak ili Silopi ilçesine bağlı köy
 Pınarönü, Devrek - Zonguldak ili Devrek ilçesine bağlı köy

Pınarönü


Daryl Robert Williams  (born 21 August 1942) is a former Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1993 to 2004, representing the Liberal Party. He was Attorney-General in the Howard government from 1996 to 2003.

Background and early career
Williams was born in East Fremantle, Western Australia, and was educated at Richmond School, East Fremantle, and Perth Modern School. He went on to the University of Western Australia and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar in 1965.

In 1968, Williams started work as a barrister. In 1971, he became counsel for the Asian Development Bank. However, four years later, he returned to practising law on his own. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1982, and became a Member of the Order of Australia in 1989. Williams continued to practise law until his election to Parliament in 1993.

Political career
Williams was briefly a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry in 1994, serving as Shadow Attorney-General and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader of the Opposition on Constitutional Reform.

In 1996, when the Liberals won office, he was appointed Attorney-General first as a member of the outer ministry and then as a member of Cabinet from October 1997. He served in this capacity until 2003, serving the longest continuous term in the position since H. V. Evatt (1941–49). Williams was also Minister for Justice for a period in 1996–97. He attended the 1998 Constitutional Convention as a parliamentary delegate.

After the Liberal ministerial shakeup of 2003, Williams was appointed Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. In April 2004, he announced he would not be contesting the 2004 election. He stood down from the ministry in July 2004.

Post-political career
Williams was seriously considered as a candidate to replace Justice Mary Gaudron as a judge of the High Court of Australia in 2003, and was the nominee of the Western Australian Law Society for the post. Dyson Heydon was eventually appointed to the post. Williams was also considered a possible candidate for appointment to the High Court prior to the retirement of Justice Michael McHugh in 2005, following his retirement from politics. Susan Crennan was eventually appointed as McHugh's replacement. In addition, Williams has been mooted as a contender for appointment as Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia, a Justice of the Federal Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of Western Australia, or the Court of Appeal of Western Australia.

References

People educated at Perth Modern School
University of Western Australia alumni
Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford
1942 births
Living people
Australian King's Counsel
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian Rhodes Scholars
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Tangney
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Members of the Order of Australia
Attorneys-General of Australia
Delegates to the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998
20th-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian politicians
People from Fremantle

Daryl Williams (politician)


Das Haus Albertsplatz 5/5a in der oberfränkischen Stadt Coburg ist ein ab 1874 errichtetes, neugotisches Wohn- und Geschäftshaus, das als Baudenkmal in der Bayerischen Denkmalliste eingetragen ist.

Geschichte
Nachdem der Konditor Rudolf Weiß im Dezember 1872 ein zweigeschossiges Holzhaus an der Rosengasse erworben hatte, beauftragte er den herzoglichen Bauinspektor Hans Rothbart mit der Errichtung eines mehrteiligen Wohngebäudes auf der Nordseite des Albertsplatzes. Im ersten Bauabschnitt wurde 1874 das Holzhaus zu einem massiven Wohnhaus umgebaut und 1876 mit dem Anbau eines weiteren Gebäudes in Richtung Osten ergänzt. 1880 folgte als östlicher Abschluss ein fünfstöckiger zinnenbewehrter Wohnturm. 1910 wurde auf der Seite zur Rosengasse nachträglich ein Risalit zur Aufnahme sanitärer Anlagen angebaut. Sanierungen wurden 1977/78 und 2010/11 durchgeführt. Im Jahr 2011 wurde im Rahmen einer Fassadensanierung die historische Firmenbeschriftung Rudolph Weiss - Bonbonfabrik wiederhergestellt. Bis 1975 wurde in der ersten Etage die Bonbonproduktion und im Erdgeschoss der Süßwarengroß- und Einzelhandel betrieben.  Eine Gedenktafel an der Ostseite des Hauses 5a erinnert an den Coburger Stadtmaler Emil Maurer, der in der vierten Etage des Wohnturms von 1901 bis zu seinem Tod am 12. November 1945 lebte. Die Rückseite des Wohnturmes versah der Berliner Künstler Gert Neuhaus im Mai/Juni 2022 mit einem Wandgemälde, das die britische Königin Victoria und Prinzgemahl Albert darstellt.

Architektur
Der Stadtbild prägende Gebäudekomplex ist Teil eines neugotisch gestalteten Bebauungsrings entlang der ehemaligen Stadtmauer. Am Albertsplatz wird er am östlichen Ende durch einen fünfgeschossigen, zinnenbewehrten Wohnturm abgeschlossen, der den Standort des 1791 abgerissenen Inneren Ketschentores markiert. Westlich folgt ein dreigeschossiges Traufseithaus, dessen Südfassade zwei vorgesetzte viergeschossige, dreiachsige Zwerchhausrisalite hat. Den nordwestlichen Abschluss bildet eine zweigeschossige Villa mit einem mittig angeordneten, dreigeschossigen Giebelrisalit. Das Haus hat einen kleinen Vorgarten und steht zurückgesetzt auf den Resten der hochmittelalterlichen Zwingermauer. Gleiche First-, Traufen- und Geschossenhöhen sowie Gestaltungselemente wie Zinnenkränze und Bogenfriese unter der Traufe gliedern und vereinen die einzelnen Gebäudeteile.

Literatur
 Peter Morsbach, Otto Titz: Stadt Coburg. Ensembles-Baudenkmäler-Archäologische Denkmäler. Denkmäler in Bayern. Band IV.48. Karl M. Lipp Verlag, München 2006, ISBN 3-87490-590-X, S. 28–29.
 Helmut Wolter: Das Häuserbuch der Stadt Coburg 1400 - 1945, Band 4: Albertsplatz Angerstraße. Verlag Frankenschwelle, Hildburghausen 2002, ISBN 3-86180-145-0, S. 76–78.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Albertsplatz
Wohn- und Geschäftshaus in Coburg
Coburg
Erbaut in den 1870er Jahren
Neugotisches Bauwerk in Coburg

Haus Albertsplatz 5/5a


Dave Koz (Encino, California, 27 de marzo de 1963) es un saxofonista estadounidense de smooth jazz.

Historial
Koz estudió en la William Howard Taft High School, en Woodland Hills, California, tocando el saxo en la big band de la escuela. Tras graduarse en la UCLA en 1986, se dedicó profesionalmente a la música.  Su primer trabajo fue con Bobby Caldwell.  El resto de la década de 1980, Koz trabajó como músico de sesión con diversas bandas, realizando giras con Jeff Lorber y Richard Marx. También tocó en la banda estable del programa de CBS The Pat Sajak Show, con Tom Scott con líder de la banda.

En 1990, Koz decidió continuar su carrera en solitario y firmó contrato con Capitol Records. En este sello, publicó Lucky Man, The Dance, y Saxophonic. Saxophonic fue nominada a los  Premios Grammy y a los NAACP Image Awards.

En 1994, Koz comenzó a presentar un programa de radio, The Dave Koz Radio Show, en el que presentaba a músicos recientes y realizaba entrevistas a los principales artistas del género. También codirigió el The Dave Koz Morning Show con Pat Prescott, en la emisora 94.7 The Wave, una estación de Los Ángeles, especializada en smooth jazz, durante seis años.  Dejó el show en enero de 2007 y fue sustituido por Brian McKnight.

En 2002, Koz puso en marcha un sello discográfico, "Rendezvous Entertainment", con Frank Cody y Hyman Katz.  En abril de 2004, en una entrevista en The Advocate, Koz hizo pública su homosexualidad. En 2006, Koz fue elegido para presentar otro show de radio especializado, en la Broadcast Architecture's new Smooth Jazz Network.  En 2007, Capitol Records/EMI publicó "Forever Cool", con la participación del cantante Dean Martin.

En los años recientes, Koz ha mantenido su participación en diversos shows de radio y televisión,

El 22 de septiembre de 2009, Koz recibió una estrella en el Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Discografía
Las grabaciones editadas de Koz, incluyen:

Álbumes
 Dave Koz (1990)
 Lucky Man (1993)
 Off the Beaten Path (1996)
 Live From Trinidad (1996)
 December Makes Me Feel This Way (1997)
 The Dance (1999)
 A Smooth Jazz Christmas (2001)
 Golden Slumbers: A Father's Lullaby (2002)
 Saxophonic (2003)
 Golden Slumbers: A Father's Love (2005)
 At the Movies (2007)
 At the Movies, Double Feature 2008
 Memories of a Winter's Night (2007)
 Greatest Hits (Sept. 2008)
 Hello Tomorrow (2010)
 Live at the Blue Note Tokyo (2013)
 Dave Koz & Friends – Summer Horns (2013)
 The 25th Of December (2014)

EPs
 Castle of Dreams, (1990)
 Nothing But the Radio On, (1990)
 Faces of the Heart (Tema de la serie de TV, General Hospital), (1993)
 Lucky Man, (1994)
 Somewhere/Summer of '42''', (2006)
 It Might Be You, (2007)

Singles

 Apariciones en recopilatorios
 The Weather Channel Presents: The Best of Smooth Jazz, (2007)
 Taro Gold The Diamond You'', (2008)

Notas
Este artículo está tomado, en su versión inicial, de la Wikipedia en inglés.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Saxofonistas de jazz de Estados Unidos
Músicos de jazz moderno
Músicos de sesión de Estados Unidos
Saxos sopranos
Saxos alto
Saxos tenores
Saxos barítonos

Dave Koz


Wilhelm Friedrich von Woyna (né le  à Trèves et mort le  à Bonn) est un général d'infanterie prussien qui donne son nom à une rue de Mayence-Neustadt et de Berlin-Reinickendorf.

Biographie

Origine
Wilhelm est le fils de Karl Daniel Michael von Woyna (1782-1838) et de sa femme Antonia Thekla, née von Birkhahn (1786-1825) de Lituanie. Wilhelm Woyna est né à Trèves en mai 1819 parce que son père est transféré dans le grand-duché du Bas-Rhin après les guerres napoléoniennes.

Carrière militaire
À la demande de ses parents, Woyna étudie aux écoles des cadets de Potsdam et de Berlin après l'école primaire. Le 5 août 1837, il est affecté comme sous-lieutenant au  d'infanterie de l'armée prussienne. Le 31 mars 1846, il est transféré au . Avec ce dernier, il participe à la guerre contre le Danemark en 1848 et est promu le 12 novembre de la même année premier-lieutenant au . En tant que capitaine (depuis le 13 juillet 1852), Woyna prend le 23 avril 1853 la tête d'une compagnie du  de chasseurs à pied. Du 13 août 1856 au 7 juillet 1858, il occupe la même fonction au sein du  de chasseurs à pied avant de devenir major au  d'infanterie. À partir du 18 septembre 1858, Woyna y commande le bataillon de fusiliers. Après avoir quitté le commandement le 21 juin 1861, Woyna reprend ensuite le  bataillon de chasseurs à pied et devient lieutenant-colonel. Le 18 avril 1865, Woyna est chargé de diriger le  de fusiliers et lui est affecté deux jours avant qu'il est promu colonel le 18 juin 1865. Pendant la guerre austro-prussienne, il participe avec ce régiment aux batailles à Hammelburg, Helmstadt et Roßbrunn.

Le 14 juillet 1870, il est nommé commandant de la  d'infanterie et le 26 août 1870 promu major général. Dans la guerre contre la France, il combat avec sa brigade en collaboration avec la  d'infanterie à Forbach-Spicheren, Borny-Colombey, Saint-Privat et au siège de Paris. Pour ses services, Guillaume  lui décerne le 3 mars 1871 la plus haute décoration de bravoure prussienne, l'ordre Pour le Mérite.

Après la signature de la paix, Woyna prend le commandement de la  d'infanterie le 3 juin de la même année. Le 11 octobre 1873, on lui confie le commandement de la  d'infanterie, Woyna est nommé commandant le 25 novembre et finalement promu lieutenant-général le 11 décembre 1873. De 1880 à la fin de sa carrière en 1886, il est gouverneur de la forteresse de Mayence. En raison de ses mérites, la ville de Mayence fait de Woyna son  le 23 janvier 1883. En août 1886, Woyna prend sa retraite et se retire à Bonn. Il y meurt à l'âge de 77 ans. Sa tombe se trouve dans le cimetière principal de Mayence.

Inondation de Mayence de 1882
Le 28 novembre 1882, le  enregistre un maximum de 7,95 mètres. L'eau s'écoule à une vitesse fulgurante dans le système d'égouts de la ville et dans le Gartenfeld en amont, aujourd'hui Mayence-Neustadt. La Rheinstrasse et la Holzstrasse, la Löhrstrasse et la Schlossergasse, la Brand et la  sont sous l'eau. Tous les habitants du rez-de-chaussée sont surpris par les inondations et tout le mobilier est rendu inutilisable par l'eau. Le Gartenfeld, avec ses nombreux logements ouvriers, est encore plus touché, car il se trouve encore plus bas.

L'état d'urgence est déclaré. Les traverses des voies ferrées qui viennent d'être construites dérivent sur le Rhin et les plaines inondables du Rhin sont complètement inondées. Après un bref affaissement, les crues se sont à nouveau aggravées en décembre et janvier. La garnison de Mayence sous les ordres du général Woyna, en particulier les forces pionnières sous le capitaine Betzold, aide la population civile de la ville et des communautés environnantes dans leurs besoins. Woyna reçoit la citoyenneté d'honneur pour cela.

Bibliographie

 Kurt von Priesdorff: Soldatisches Führertum. Band 8, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, o. O. [Hamburg], o. J. [1941], DNB 367632837, S. 20–23, Nr. 2460.
 Olga Sonntag: Villen am Bonner Rheinufer: 1819–1914. Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1998, , Band 2, Katalog (1), S. 107–115. (zugleich Dissertation Universität Bonn, 1994)
 Biographisches Jahrbuch und deutscher Nekrolog 1896. S. 135f.

Références

Liens externes

Général prussien d'infanterie
Personnalité de la guerre austro-prussienne
Militaire allemand de la guerre franco-allemande de 1870-1871
Gouverneur de Mayence
Citoyen d'honneur de Mayence
Commandeur de l'ordre de Hohenzollern
Chevalier de 2e classe de l'ordre de la Couronne (Prusse)
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de l'Aigle rouge de 1re classe
Récipiendaire de la croix Pour le Mérite (ordre militaire)
Naissance en mai 1819
Naissance à Trèves
Naissance dans le grand-duché du Bas-Rhin
Décès en décembre 1896
Décès à Bonn
Décès dans la province de Rhénanie
Décès à 77 ans

Wilhelm von Woyna (général, 1819)


right|thumb|300px|ස්පුට්නික්-2 චන්ද්‍රිකාවේ ආකෘතියක්

පෘථිවිය වටා කක්ෂ ගැන්වූ දෙවන කෘත්‍රිම උපග්‍රහයා ස්පුට්නික්-2 යී. එමෙන් ම මෙය ජීවියෙකු අභ්‍යවකාශයට රැගෙන ගිය ප්‍රථම අභ්‍යවකාශ යානය ද වෙයි. ඒ ලයිකා නම් බැල්ලකි. ස්පුට්නික්-2 ගුවන් ගැන්වුණේ 1957 නොවැම්බර් 3 දා, එනම් ප්‍රථම කාත්‍රිම උපග්‍රහයා වන ස්පුට්නික්-1 ගුවන් ගන්වා මාසයකට පසු යි. සෝවියට් සංගමය ඒ වන විටත් සුනඛයන් නවදෙනෙක් R-1 හා R-5 වැනි රොකට්ටු ආධාරයෙන් ප්‍රාක්ෂේප පථවල ගුවන් ගන්වා පරීක්ෂණ ගණනාවක් පවත්වා තිබූ බැවින් සමහර අයෙක් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි ස්පුට්නික්-2 මසක් තුළ නිර්මාණය කර අභ්‍යවකාශගැන්වූවක් නොවේ.

ස්පුට්නික්-2 චන්ද්‍රිකාව සිය වාහක රොකට්ටුවේ දෙවන අවස්ථාවෙන් වෙන් වීමට සැලසුම් කර නොතිබිණ. එම නිසා අභ්‍යවකාශයේ රැඳුණු පස් මසක කාලය තුළ ස්පුට්නික්-2 පෘථිවිය වටා පරිභ්‍රමණය වූයේ වාහක රොකට්ටුව හා එකට සම්බන්ධව ය.

අවාසනාවකට මෙන් මෙහි ගමන් කළ ජීවියා නැවත නිරුපද්‍රිතව නැවත පොළොවට ගෙන්වා ගැනීමට ක්‍රමවේදයක් සකසා නොතිබුණි. තවද, 2002 වසරේ දී අනාවරණය වූ කරුණු අනුව ස්පුට්නික්-2 ගුවන් ගතකර පැය කිහිපයක් ඇතුළත අධික උණුසුම හා ආතතියත් වාතය අැණහිටිම හේතුවෙන් ලයිකා බැල්ල මිය ගොස් ඇත. අැය ගමන් ගත් ස්පුට්නික් - 2 නම් වු යානය 1958 අප්‍රේල් 14 දින පෘථීවි වායුගොලයට නැවත අැතුලු වී ගිනිගෙන විනාශ විය. මෙසේ අනාරක්ෂිතව ජීවියකු අභ්‍යවකාශ ගැන්වීම එකල මෙන් ම මෑතක දී ද සත්ත්ව හිංසන විරෝධීන්ගේ දැඩි දෝෂ දර්ශනයට ලක් විය.

නිමැවුම
ස්පුට්නික්-2 කේතුවක හැඩගත් මීටර් 2 ක උච්චයකින් (උසකින්) ද ආධාරක විෂ්කම්භය මීටර් 2 කින් ද යුක්ත වූ චන්ද්‍රිකාවකි. එහි ස්කන්ධය කිලෝග්රෑම් 508.3 ක් විය. මූලික වශයෙන් එකිනෙකින් වෙන්වූ කොටස් තුනකින් එය සමන්විත විය.

(1) ජීවි කුටිය: ස්පුට්නික්-2 හි මධ්‍යගතය වූ මෙය වායුරෝධිත ලෙස සංමුද්‍රණය කළ හැකිවූ, ඇලුමිනියම් සිලින්ඩරයකි. එය දිගින් සෙන්ටිමීටර් 80 කින් හා විෂ්කම්භය සෙන්ටිමීටර් 64 කින් යුක්ත විය. මෙම කුටිය චන්ද්‍රිකාවේ පහළින් ම පිහිටි කොටස විය. මෙහි ගමන් ගන්නා සුනඛයා ආසනයක රඳවා, එය මෙම කුටියට ඇතුල් කරන ලදි. කුටි පියනෙහි කුඩා කවුළුවක් ද විය.

කුටිය තුළ උෂ්ණත්වය හා පීඩනය මැනීම පිණිස සංවේදක සවි කර තිබුණි. එමෙන් ම සුනඛයාගේ රුධිර පීඩනය, හෘද ස්පන්දනය සහ ශ්වසන සීඝ්‍රතාව මැනීම පිණිස ද සංවේදක යොදා ගැනිණ. මෙමඟින් ජීවියකු අභ්‍යවකාශයේ ක්‍රියාකාරී වන ආකාරය නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීමට විද්‍යාඥයනට හැකිවිය. කුටිය තුළ ඔක්සිජන් වායුව නිපදවීමට සහ කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ් වායුව අවශෝෂණය කරගැනීමට ක්ෂාරීය සංයෝග යොදා ගැනිණ. සංවාතනය සහ සුනඛයාගේ ශරීරය සිසිල්ව තබා ගැනීම පිණිස පංකාවක් ද කුටිය තුළ තිබිණ.

සුනඛයාට ආහාර දීම සඳහා පටියක් මෙන් එකට ඈඳුණු කුඩා බන්දේසි පෙළක් තිබිණ. ජල්ලි ආකාරයෙන් වූ ආහාර සහ ජලය ඒවායේ තබා තිබිණ. මේ යන්ත්‍රණය සකසා තිබුණේ සෑම දිනකම සුනඛයා ඉදිරියේ නව බන්දේසියක් විවෘත වන ආකාරයටය. දිනකට ඇවැසි ආහාර හා ජලය මෙසේ සැපයුණු අතර දින 20 කට සෑහෙන ආහාර ප්‍රමාණයක් චන්ද්‍රිකාව තුළ තිබිණ.

(2) සම්ප්‍රේෂණ බහාලුම: ජීවි කුටියට ඉහළින් ඇලුමිනියම්වලින් තැනූ ගෝලාකාර බහාලුමක රේඩියෝ සම්ප්‍රේෂකයක් තිබුණි. මෙය අන් කිසිවක් නොව, ස්පුට්නික්-1 සමඟ ම නිර්මාණය කෙරුණු PS-2 නම් අතිරේක චන්ද්‍රිකාව යි. මෙය ද ස්පුට්නික්-1 මෙන් 20.005 MHz සහ 40.002 MHz යන වාහක තරංග නිකුත් කළේ ය.

(3) උපකරණ ඇසුරුම: ස්පුට්නික්-2 චන්ද්‍රිකාවේ මුදුනින් ම පිහිටියේ සැටැහුම් උපකරණ කට්ටළයක් අන්තර්ගත ඇසුරුමකි. මෙම උපකරණවලින් හිරුගෙන් නිකුත් වන පාරජම්බූල හා X-කිරණ තීව්‍රතාව මෙන් ම, අභ්‍යවකාශයේ අන්තරීක්ෂ කිරණ තීව්‍රතාව ද මනින ලදි.

මෙම කොටස් තුන එක-උඩ-එක පිහිටන ආකාරයට රඳවන ලද්දේ විශේෂ කේතු ආකාර කාප්පයක් ආධාරයෙනි. චන්ද්‍රිකාව පෘථිවි කක්ෂයට පිවිසෙන තෙක් එය ආරක්ෂා කිරීමට නාස් කේතුවක් තිබිණ. ඉන්පසු චන්ද්‍රිකාව නිරාවරණය කිරීම පිණිස එය ඉවත ලන ලදි.

අභ්‍යවකාශ ගවේෂණය
අභ්‍යවකාශ යානා
සෝවියට් අභ්‍යවකාශ යානා

ස්පුට්නික්-2


Villarente es una localidad española perteneciente al municipio de Villasabariego, en la provincia de León, comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León.

Geografía

Ubicación

Demografía

Evolución de la población
{{Gráfica de evolución|tipo=demográfica|anchura=700|color_21=blue|nombre=Villarente|2000|225|2001|239|2002|257|2003|271|2004|262|2005|311|2006|323|2007|313|2008|304|2009|321|2010|319|2011|342|2012|346|2013|349|2014|344|2015|338|2016|326|2017|332|2018|336|2019|330|2020|343|notas=}}

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  Ayuntamiento de Villasabariego

Localidades de Villasabariego

Villarente


ශේර්-ඊ-බංග්ලා ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණය (බෙංගාලි: শের-ই-বাংলা জাতীয় ক্রিকেট স্টেডিয়াম) බංග්ලාදේශයේ ඩකා අගනුවර පිහිටි ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණය වේ. මීර්පූර් හි නගර මධ්‍යයේ සිට කිලෝමීටර් 10ක් දුරින් පිහිටා ඇති මෙම භූමිය ආසන්න වශයෙන් පුද්ගලයන් 25,000කට පමණ අසුන්ගත හැක. ෂර්-ඊ-බංගලා ("බෙංගාලයේ කොටියා") යන නාමයෙන් පිදුම් ලැබූ බෙංගාලි රාජ්‍ය නායක ඒ.කේ ෆස්ලුල් හක් වෙනුවෙන් නම් කර ඇත.

1980 දශකයේ අගභාගයේදී මෙම ක්‍රීඩාංගණය පාපන්දු සඳහා ඉදිකරන ලද අතර, ප්‍රථම වරට 1987 ආසියානු සමාජ ශූරතාවලියේ තරග පැවැත්විණි. මෙම ස්ථානය 2004 දී බංග්ලාදේශ ක්‍රිකට් පාලක මණ්ඩලය විසින් පවරා ගන්නා ලද අතර, බංගබන්ධු ජාතික ක්‍රීඩාංගණය වෙනුවට පිරිමි සහ කාන්තා ජාතික කණ්ඩායම් දෙකෙහිම නිවහන විය. ක්‍රීඩාංගනයේ ක්ෂේත්‍ර මානයන් 186 m X 136 m වේ.

2007 මැයි 25 වන දින මෙම ක්‍රීඩාංගණය එහි පළමු ටෙස්ට් තරගයට සත්කාරකත්වය ලබා දුන් අතර එහිදී බංග්ලාදේශය ඉන්දියාවට එරෙහිව ක්‍රීඩා කළේය. පළමු එක්දින තරගය 2005 දෙසැම්බර් 18 වන දින බංග්ලාදේශය සමඟ ස්කොට්ලන්තය සමඟ පැවැත්විණි. 2011 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 11 වන දින මෙම ක්‍රීඩාංගණයේ බංග්ලාදේශය සහ බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව් අතර පළමු වි20ජා තරගය පැවැත්විණි.

ෂරේ-ඊ-බංග්ලා ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණය


Las Cascadas Phiphidi se encuentran en la provincia de Limpopo, a los pies de la cordillera Soutpansberg, situada en la parte más septentrional de Sudáfrica. La situación aislada de esta región ha permitido conservar la cultura y las creencias tradicionales de los habitantes de esta región, que consideran sagradas  estas cascadas.

Los ramunangi
Entre los pueblos que habitan la provincia de Limpopo, solo el 12 por ciento son miembros del grupo lingüístico venda. Los clanes vhaVenda se encuentran entre los más tradicionales de África, y han conservado sus rituales y creencias desde tiempos ancestrales. Entre estos clanes, los ramunangi son conocidos como los guardianes tradicionales de las cascadas Phiphidi, un salto de agua clave para las relaciones del clan con los espíritus ancestrales. Sin embargo, este lugar sagrado no está protegido oficialmente y únicamente los ramunangi pueden protegerlo del turismo. La construcción de una carretera ya ha provocado una serie de destrozos importantes en el área sagrada.
Los ramunangi son un pueblo disperso, la mayoría de cuyos miembros han marchado a trabajar a las ciudades. Solo un millar permanecen en las cercanías, trabajando en la agricultura, en ranchos o en la minería.

El entorno
Phiphidi se encuentra en un área boscosa del río Mutshindudi, y pertenece a un racimo de lugares sagrados que pertenecen a otros pueblos venda, como el lago Fundudzi y el bosque sagrado de Thathe Vondo. En Phiphidi, el río, las cascadas y el bosque a su alrededor son considerados sagrados, aunque hay dos lugares destacables, la roca LanwaDzongolo, encima de la cascada, y una balsa cercana conocida como Guvhukuvhu.

Referencias
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120126100232/http://www.sacredland.org/phiphidi-waterfall/ (sobre el lugar sagrado)
 http://www.gaiafoundation.org/saving-phiphidi-falls  (sobre la lucha para su protección)

Phiphidi

Cascadas Phiphidi


Spectroscopia în infraroșu (de obicei întâlnită spectroscopie IR) este o tehnică spectroscopică ce implică urmărirea interacțiunii dintre radiațiile infraroșii și materia. Există diverse tehnici de spectroscopie în IR, majoritatea fiind bazate pe spectroscopia de absorbție. Aplicațiile sale includ identificarea și studiul anumitor compuși, probele putând fi solide, lichide sau gazoase.

Aspecte teoretice

Vibrația moleculelor
Pentru a absoarbe în domeniul IR, o moleculă trebuie să fie activă IR, adică să aibă o anumită vibrație. Pentru a apărea, vibrația moleculară este asociată cu schimbări ale momentului de dipol, de aceea nu este neapărat necesar ca molecula să fie un dipol permanent.

Atomii prezenți într-o grupă de forma CH2X2, de obicei întâlnită în compuși organici (unde X reprezintă orice atom), pot vibra în nouă moduri diferite. Șase dintre acestea implică vibrații are porțiunii metilenice (-CH2-) și pot fi:

Vezi și
 Spectroscopie Raman

Referințe

Legături externe
 Spectrometria în infraroșu

Spectroscopie

Spectroscopie în infraroșu


La saison 1986-1987 de Serie B, organisée par la Lega Calcio pour la quarante-et-unième fois, est la  du championnat de deuxième division en Italie. Les trois premiers sont promus directement en Serie A et les quatre derniers sont relégués en Serie C.

À l'issue de la saison, le Pescara Calcio termine à la première place à égalité de points avec le SC Pise, les deux clubs sont déclarés champion et montent en Serie A 1987-1988 ( division), accompagné par le troisième AC Cesena.

Compétition
Le classement est établi sur le barème de points suivant :
 Victoire : 2 points
 Match nul : 1 points
 Défaite, forfait ou abandon du match : 0 point

Classement

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 La saison précédente a été marquée par un scandale de paris sportifs truqués, le deuxième scandale du totonero. Les conséquences sont :
 Lazio Rome : une pénalité de 9 points.
 Cagliari Calcio : 5 points de pénalité.
 US Triestina : 4 points de pénalité.

Barrages
En fin de saison, trois clubs sont à égalité de points pour la promotion, une triangulaire est organisée pour connaître le troisième promu. AC Cesena et US Lecce gagnent leur match contre l'US Cremonese, mais n'arrivent pas à se départager (0-0), un match d'appui sera nécessaire, Cesena l'emportera 2 à 1 contre Lecce et sera promu.

Dans la zone de relégation trois clubs sont également à égalité de points, une triangulaire est organisé pour connaître le quatrième relégué. La Lazio Rome perd son premier match contre l'AS Tarente, qui fait match nul avec Campobasso. La dernière confrontation entre les Romains et Campobasso sera décisive, la Lazio l'emporte 1 à 0 et se sauve de la relégation, Campobasso  descend en Serie C.

Notes et références
 saison 86-87 sur calcio-seriea.net

1986-1987
Championnat Italie Football 1986-1987 D2
Championnat Italie Football 1986-1987 D2
Italie D2
Italie D2

Championnat d'Italie de football de deuxième division 1986-1987


Treceau în zbor cormoranii este un film românesc din 1986 regizat de Ion Bostan.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1986 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1986

Treceau în zbor cormoranii


إمره عاشق ، من مواليد 13 ديسمبر 1973 في بورسا في تركيا، لاعب كرة قدم تركي.

يلعب مع نادي غلطة سراي منذ عام 2006.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم في عام 1993.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أتراك
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بورصة
رياضيون من بورصة
فائزون بميداليات ذهبية في الألعاب المتوسطية لتركيا
فائزون بميداليات في الألعاب المتوسطية في كرة القدم
قلوب دفاع كرة قدم
لاعبو الدوري التركي الممتاز
لاعبو أنقرة سبور
لاعبو بالق أسير سبور
لاعبو بشكتاش
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو غلطة سراي
لاعبو فنار باغجه
لاعبو كأس العالم 2002
لاعبو كرة قدم أتراك
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون من تركيا
لاعبو منتخب تركيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم للشباب
منافسون في ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 1993
مواليد 1393 هـ
مواليد 1973
مواليد في بورصة (مدينة)
لاعبو كرة قدم من بورصة

إمره عاشق


Çağatay Hanlığı, Moğol hükümdarı Cengiz Han'ın oğullarından Çağatay Han'ın adını taşıyan Türkleşmiş Moğol devletidir.

Cengiz Han ölmeden önce topraklarını oğulları arasında paylaştırmıştı. Yıktıkları Kara Hıtay'ın toprakları olan Kaşgar civarı ile Maveraünnehir'in büyük bölümünü Çağatay'a vermişti. Çağatay'ın bu topraklarda 1227'de kurduğu devlet 1370'e değin varlığın sürdürdü. Çağatay Han, önce ağabeyi Cuci Han ve ardından babası ölünce hanedanın en yaşlı üyesi oldu. Buna karşın kardeşi Ögeday'in kağan (büyük han) olmasına karşı çıkmadı ve topraklarını ona bağlı kalarak yönetti.

Çağatay Han'ın 1241'de ölümünden sonra Çağatay Hanlığı merkezi Moğol devletine karşı mücadeleye girişti. Çağatay'ın torunu Algu, Kubilay Han ile Arık Böke arasındaki taht mücadelesinin yol açtığı iktidar boşluğundan yararlanarak Harezmşahlar, Batı Türkistan ve Afganistan'ı da sınırlarına kattı. 1266'da tahta çıkan Mübarekşah, İslam dinini kabul eden ilk Çağatay hanı oldu. Ondan önceki Çağatay hükümdarları Şamanizm inancını benimsiyorlardı.

Çağatay Hanlığı en parlak dönemini Kebek Han'ın yönetiminde (1318-26) yaşadı. Kebek Han göçebe hayatını bırakıp Karesi'de sarayı yaptırarak yerleşmiş, Çağatay ekonomisi gelişmiş ve ilk Çağatay parası Kebek i basıldı. Bu yerleşme ve şehirlileşme ile birlikte din açısından İslamlaşma ve dil açısından Türkleşme yaşanmıştır. Ancak bu durum boylar arasındaki siyasi çatışmanın sebebi yaratılmıştır.

Aslında Çağatay Han döneminde İslam'ın dinî alışkanlıkları yasaklanmıştır. Fakat Kara Hülâgu'den sonraki Hanlar Orta Asya'nın çoğunluğunu oluşturan Müslümanlara barışık davranmaya başlamıştır. Mübarek Şah müslüman olduysa da kendisinden sonraki Hanlar Kebek Han'a kadar Budist idi. Moğol Hanların ciddi İslamlaşması ise Tarmaşirin'nin İslam'ı kabul etmesinden sonra yaşanmıştır.

Bu dönemde Maveraünnehir'de oturan ve kent kültürüne alışarak Türkleşmiş Batı Çağatay Hanlığı bünyesindekiler kendilerine "Çağataylı" olarak hitap etmeye başlamıştır. Bu dince İslamlaşmış dilce Türkçeleşmiş "Çağataylı"lar bazı tarihçiler tarafından Çağatay Türkleri ve kullandıkları dili de Çağatayca olarak adlandırılmaktadır.

Bu "Çağataylı"lara karşın doğuda İli vadisi ve Tanrıdağı kuzeyinde göçebe hayvancılığını sürdürmüş boylar kendilerine "Moghul (Moğol)" olarak hitap ederek Moğol kültüründen gururu duymaya devam etmişler ve Moğolluğunu yitirmiş "Çağataylı"lara "Karaunas (Melez)" diyerek aşağılamıştır. "Çağataylı"lar ise "Moghul"lara "Çete" diyerek aşağılamıştır.

Bu durumda Tarmaşirin'den sonraki Çağatay Hanlığı, Duva Han'ın oğullarının güç mücadelesinin sahnesi olmuş ve 1340'tan sonra Pamir Dağlarının doğusunu yöneten Doğu Çağatay Hanlığı ile batısını yöneten Batı Çağatay Hanlığı olmak üzere ikiye bölünmüştür.

Doğuda tahta çıkan Tuğluk Timur (1359-70) batı bölgesini ele geçirerek Çağatay topraklarını yeniden birleştirdi. Çağatay Hanlığı Altıshahr (Yarkand Hanlığı), Moghulistan ve Uyguristan gibi üç bölgeden oluşmuştur.

Bu sırada Doğu Çağatay kökenli Barlas boyundan Timur, hanlık için bir tehlike olarak belirmeye başlamıştı. Çağatay Hanlığı'na bağlı Semerkant emirinin hizmetinde bulunan Timur, önce Semerkant'ı, sonra Çağatay topraklarını ele geçirdi.

Çağatay Hanlığı böylece yıkılmasına karşın, Çağataylılar 17. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar varlıklarını sürdürdüler.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Çağatay Hanlar listesi
 Doğu Çağatay (Moğolistan) Hanlığı: (1347-1508)
 Batı Çağatay Hanlığı: (1347-1402)
 Yarkand Hanlığı: (1514-1680)
 Turpan Hanlığı: (1487–1570)

Kaynakça

 Svat Soucek, A History of Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press (Februar 2000) ISBN 978-0-521-65704-4

Çağatay Hanlığı


Aderus biparlitipennis é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Maurice Pic em 1922.

Referências

biparlitipennis
Coleópteros descritos em 1922
Espécies descritas por Maurice Pic

Aderus biparlitipennis


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