The Miles M.11 Whitney Straight was a 1930s twin-seat cabin monoplane designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Miles Aircraft. It was named after Whitney Straight, a Grand Prix motor racing driver, aviator and businessman. The aircraft was the first to combine a side-by-side seating arrangement with an enclosed cockpit for the general aviation sector.

The Whitney Straight was developed after F.G. Miles and Straight recognised that they had similar ambitions to develop modern aircraft suited to flying clubs and private owners alike, and thus decided to collaborate on its production. On 14 May 1936, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight at Woodley Aerodrome; quantity production commenced shortly thereafter. Whitney Straights were used in various roles within the civil market, such as air racing and aerial topdressing.

Approaches were also made by Miles to introduce the Whitney Straight into the military market. While not selected as an army cooperation aircraft for the British Army in the pre-war years, numerous civil aircraft were impressed into military service during the Second World War, the type being largely operated as a communications aircraft. While production ended in 1937, several Whitney Straights remained in an airworthy condition into the twenty first century.

Development
During late 1935, the Grand Prix motor racing driver, aviator and businessman Whitney Straight was engaged in efforts to establish numerous flying clubs to server major British towns. As a part of his efforts to popularise aviation, Straight sought a modern aeroplane that would be best suited for both club flying and use by private owners; specifically, he desired the envisioned aircraft to be considerably faster that the slow moving biplanes that traditionally dominated the market. It was also desirable for such a plane to feature a side-by-side seating arrangement in an enclosed cockpit, rather than an open cockpit that necessitated the cumbersome use of speaking tubes, in addition to more general attributes such as being reasonably easy to handle, safe to fly, and economic to both maintain and operate.

By this point, F.G. Miles of Philips and Powis had already established a favourable reputation due to, amongst other feats, the company's aircraft having been front runners in the King's Cup Race, thus the company was viewed by Straight as a natural partner for his envisioned aircraft. Upon being approached by Straight, Miles concurred with his aims, thus the two decided to collaborate on the development and marketing of such an aircraft, which was designated as the M.11 Whitney Straight. Work on the project proceeded at a relatively rapid pace, enabling the first prototype (G-AECT) to conduct its maiden flight at Woodley Aerodrome on 14 May 1936. Initially piloted by F.G. Miles, the prototype demonstrated the design to already be fulfilling expectations, particularly in regards to its ease of flight and comfort, while also achieving a 50 per cent speed increase over its biplane contemporaries.

Having been sufficiently pleased with the first prototype's early performance, quantity production of the Whitney Straight commenced as soon as possible, a state which was reportedly achieved by April 1936. Seeking to promote the type, F.G. Miles personally performed an intense tour around Europe to demonstrate and promote the Whitney Straight to potential customers; amongst the feats of the tour was a 17,000ft flight above the Alps without the use of a supercharger-equipped engine. During April 1938, production of the type was terminated, by which point a total of 50 Whitney Straights had been completed.

Design

The Miles M.11 Whitney Straight was a twin-seat monoplane specifically built for use by flying clubs and private owners. Its construction was primarily composed of wood, including spruce frames and three-ply birch covering.  The Whitney Straight featured a fixed main undercarriage complete with aerodynamic fairings, along with a fixed tailwheel. Relatively comfortable accommodation for its pilot, a single passenger and their luggage, was provided within an enclosed 'side-by-side' cockpit. The cockpit was covered by a single-piece canopy comprising molded Perspex.

The wings of the Whitney Straight were relatively thick for the era; considerable effort had been put into their design to carefully define their drag properties. The wings were fitted with vacuum-operated split flaps; these were attributed as having enabled the type's relatively low takeoff speed of 50 mph, as well as the aircraft's high rate of climb. An alternative flap arrangement, that was noticeably more efficient and produced less drag while increasing lift coefficient, was experimented with during the later years of the prototype's flying career; it directly influenced the design of several subsequent aircraft.

While early production aircraft were powered by a single  de Havilland Gipsy Major I piston engine, alternative powerplants, such as the Villiers Maya and Menasco Pirate engines, were also used. While a fixed-pitch propeller was used on most aircraft, at least one aircraft was furnished with a variable-pitch propeller that, amongst other benefits, further shortened the takeoff distance required and boosted its initial rate of climb.

The Whitney Straight was routinely promoted as possessing a high level of safety, largely as a consequence of its favourable handling characteristics. F.G. Miles frequently performed relatively dramatic demonstrations to validate this claim, closing the throttle while in a steep climb and releasing the controls for the aircraft to return to level flight of its own accord after only a steep dive. Even when flown at relatively low altitudes, its recovery abilities were impressive.

Operational history
Numerous Whitney Straights participated in air racing events; in the 1937 King's Cup Race alone, one of the type placed second, while another came in fourth. Several Whitney Straights were also modified as engine test beds, as well as to test different flap designs.

On 28 June 1938, the sole M.11C (G-AEYI) to be built crashed at Harefield, Berkshire, resulting in the death of its test pilot, Wing Commander F.W. Stent.

Efforts were made by Miles to promote the Whitney Straight to military customers, including its pre-war submission as an army cooperation aircraft for the British Army. Shortly following the outbreak of the Second World War, the Air Ministry impressed 23 Whitney Straights into military service, in which capacity they were operated as communications aircraft. Twenty-one such aircraft were based in Britain, while one was stationed in India, and another in Egypt. At least one M.11A also served with the Fleet Air Arm between 1940 and 1943, while three were reportedly used by  the Royal New Zealand Air Force.

Between 1939 and 1943, a New Zealand-based aircraft, piloted by Alan Prichard, participated in aerial seed sowing trials at Ninety Mile Beach, and was subsequently used for spreading superphosphate. These trials were part of the experiments which led to the development of aerial topdressing and the proliferation of aircraft for agricultural purposes.

While not produced in large numbers, examples of the type have frequently had particularly lengthy operating lives. At least one aircraft remained in an airworthy condition.

Variants
Data from:British civil aircraft 1919-1972 Volume III
M.11
M.11B the sole M.11B was powered by a  Amherst Villiers Maya I engine, adding  to its maximum speed and  to its rate of climb.
M.11C the sole M.11C was powered by a  de Havilland Gipsy Major II engine driving a variable-pitch propeller.

Operators

Mount Cook Airline
Royal New Zealand Air Force
No. 42 Squadron RNZAF

Royal Air Force
Royal Navy
Fleet Air Arm
 Starways (G-AFGK)

Survivors
G-AERV, cn307 in England, UK (Still flying as of 29/05/2021).
G-AFGK, cn509 at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum, Wetaskiwin, Alberta.

Specifications (M.11A)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

 Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II. Chancellor Press, 2002. .

1930s British civil utility aircraft
1930s British military utility aircraft
World War II British utility aircraft
Whitney Straight
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936

Miles Whitney Straight


Cylance Pro Cycling var et professionelt cykelhold, baseret i USA, som startede i kvindernes elite landevejscykelløb som f.eks. UCI Women's World Tour i 2016.

Holdet i 2018

Sejre

Referencer

Cykelhold for kvinder
Ophørte cykelhold fra USA
Ophørt i 2018

Cylance Pro Cycling (kvinder)


Susan Ivanova () is a fictional character in the science fiction television series Babylon 5, played by Claudia Christian.

Character overview
Susan Ivanova holds the rank of lieutenant commander during the first season and is promoted to the rank of commander in the second season. From the first through the fourth seasons of the series, Commander Ivanova was the first officer (XO) of the Babylon 5 space station. After the fourth season of the series, she was promoted to captain and given command of a new class of Earth Alliance warship, the "Warlock-Class". She accepted the promotion because of the tragic events that happened on Babylon 5 at the very end of the Earth Alliance Civil War, in which she played a major role, including the death of Marcus Cole, who sacrificed his own life for hers. During the fifth and final season, she appears only once, in the series' final episode, holding the rank of general – a position for which she showed little enthusiasm. She ultimately ends up as the new leader of the Anla'shok at the insistence of Delenn.

Character description

Overview
Like many of the show's characters, Susan Ivanova seemed locked in a tragic cycle. The particular millstone around Ivanova's neck was love – not only romantic, but familial as well. Deep down, she believes that "all love is unrequited", perhaps believing that she is undeserving of true happiness. However, in spite of her troubled relationships with her mother, father, brother, and others, she is also fiercely loyal and caring about those to whom she is close. Given her troubled background, she also possesses a surprisingly good sense of humor, which often comes out at odd moments. She has a hot temper and this often leads other crew members to give her a wide berth whenever she is angry. She also possesses a strong sense of integrity and honesty. As a military leader she is brave to the point of recklessness, has the ability to think and act quickly in a crisis, and she can be creative and original in coming up with ways to resolve any situation she finds herself in.

While most of the major Earthforce characters have flown combat missions against raider fighters, Susan Ivanova is "the one most consistently on the front lines of battle. She chases raiders and single-handedly destroys a small fleet", although other commentators note that she fires without a warning in Believers prompting author Andy Lane to ask, "Is this standard Earthforce procedure -- shoot first and ask questions afterwards?"

Early life and career
Susan Ivanova was born in St. Petersburg, Russian Consortium, in 2230. Her mother, Sophie, is established to have committed suicide when Susan was a child, which Ivanova blames on the Psi Corps. Sophie was a telepath who refused to join the Psi Corps and, as a result, was forced to take telepathy-inhibiting drugs regularly. The powerful depressant effect of these drugs gradually drained her energy and eventually led her to take her own life. Susan Ivanova eventually reveals that she is a latent telepath herself and lives in fear of discovery by the Psi Corps. She harbors a lasting grudge against the Psi Corps throughout the show, and blames them for the death of her mother. Her beloved brother, Ganya, died during the Earth-Minbari War, a piece of backstory set 10 years before the show. He was a fighter pilot aboard the Earth Alliance warship Lexington and was killed in the battle with the Black Star, the Minbari's flagship. Due to her telepathic abilities, she was able to sense her brother's death despite the vast distance between them. She also did not have a good relationship with her father, Andrei, who became irritable and emotionally distant after her mother's death. In a first-season episode her father dies on Earth. She reconciles with him and forgives him before his death.

Over the course of the series Ivanova has two major notable interests. The first, with telepath Talia Winters, is nonsexual and largely implied, though after Talia is revealed as an unwilling sleeper agent and her subsequent departure from Babylon 5, Ivanova admits to possibly loving her. In the first season her relationship with Winters gets off to a rocky start, and her inherent distrust of anyone in Psi Corps leads Ivanova to behave rudely towards Talia. However, they eventually become friends. Ivanova is clearly hurt by the revelation that Talia is actually a "sleeper" Psi Corps agent who had been sent to spy on the command staff of Babylon 5. The second relationship, with Marcus Cole, also starts off badly, as Ivanova regards Marcus as reckless and annoying. However, they eventually become uneasy friends, and when he sacrifices his life to save hers at the end of the fourth season, Ivanova is devastated. She tells Dr. Franklin, B5's medical chief and a close friend, that "all love is unrequited", and wishes that she had returned his love and affection instead of being so sarcastic with him. The death of Marcus leads her to leave Babylon 5 and become captain of the newly commissioned Warlock class destroyer EAS Titans.

Babylon 5 creator Joe Straczynski often spoke of Ivanova's supposedly "Russian" temperament and character. His comments, as well as Ivanova's own quips, hint that her world view may have been shaped by the history of the Russian people. In the future Earth shown on Babylon 5, the Russian people have united in a consortium and are clearly an important power on Earth. Yet, if Ivanova is any example, they remember vividly more difficult times under czars and communism. Although she is not openly religious, Ivanova is established as ethnically Jewish when she sits Shiva after her father's death in season one, and is seen also lighting a menorah. An old friend of her family, a man she refers to as "uncle" who is a rabbi, visits her after her father's death and she comes to accept her faith, if only in private. She does appear to have a belief in God, and she occasionally "talks" to God (in a rather joking manner) under her breath in a few episodes of the series. However, she keeps other aspects of her religious beliefs largely to herself, such as how strictly she follows the Jewish dietary laws, since in the episode "Messages from Earth", Marcus procures a freshly prepared plate of bacon and eggs for her as a surprise to which she does not overtly object; bacon being generally avoided by observant Jews as it comes from pigs, which are specifically listed in the Torah as an unclean animal, and thus not kosher.

Ivanova is promoted several times during the series. She starts as a lieutenant commander, and is promoted to full commander in the second season. At the end of the fourth season, she is made captain. In "Sleeping in Light" (the series finale, set 18 years after the events of the fifth season), it is revealed that she is a general. She retires from Earth Force in this episode and becomes "Ranger One", the head of the Rangers.

Relationships
Throughout her character arc in Babylon 5, Ivanova is involved in a series of relationships, during season one, an old flame, Malcolm Biggs comes to Babylon 5 eight years after their relationship ends to start a 'business' and rekindle his relationship with Ivanova, before she realizes he is an agent of the xenophobic Homeguard in the episode "The War Prayer".

All of Ivanova's relationships end badly, the most emphasized being her relationship with Marcus Cole, a Ranger assigned to Babylon 5 in 2260. While he falls in love with her early on, she does not begin a romantic relationship with him, possibly because of pain from her previous failed relationships.

Their story comes to a tragic ending in the year 2261, when she is gravely injured in an epic battle to liberate Earth from the dictatorship of President Morgan Clark, aboard the White Star, the Minbari doctors determine that her injuries are too severe for her survival. She is sent to Babylon 5 to be made comfortable as the fleet is going into battle, Marcus searches for a way to save her, until he finds Dr. Stephen Franklin's notes on The Alien Healing/Execution Device, a device that takes life energy from one individual and gives it to another.

Armed with the knowledge that it is stored for safekeeping on Babylon 5, he returns and uses it to save Ivanova's life, at the cost of his own. Only then does Ivanova realize the depth of Marcus' love for her. Mourning the loss, she requests that his body be preserved in cryogenic suspension, in the hopes that he could someday be revived.

Talia Winters
While not depicted explicitly in the show, it is strongly hinted that there was a lesbian relationship between Talia Winters and Ivanova.

A badly edited scene in 2.19 Divided Loyalties led many to believe that a kiss between the two had been edited out. In response to this, J. Michael Straczynski stated, "No, nothing was cut. We had a matching problem at one point in the edit, where Andrea reached with her left hand in one angle, and did not reach out with the other, and we had to come around for the shot on Ivanova, so it looked a tick off. But nothing was cut."

However, in the same discussion, Straczynski also mentions that, "I didn't show a kiss because, in my experience, it's easier on all around if one steps into the shallow end of the pool first, and walks into the deep end rather than diving in and splashing everybody in the process"  and "Susan and Talia had been dancing around one another for months; that night, though, would've been the first time they got physically intimate."

Also, in the same episode, Talia sleeps over at Ivanova's apartment, and while the two are not seen in bed together, during the night Talia makes a 'reaching' motion, as if expecting another person to be sharing the bed, and finding that person gone. Talia also mentions that, when she woke up, Ivanova was gone. Straczynski confirmed this in the script books.

Ivanova referred to Talia during a Minbari rebirth ceremony in the third season of Babylon 5. She told Delenn, the person who organised the ceremony "I think I loved Talia."

Departure from Babylon 5
According to Babylon 5 creator J. Michael Straczynski, Claudia Christian declined to be in the fifth season – according to her they weren't interested in having her. No agreement was reached and she was not in season five.
She was still able to appear in the final episode, as that episode was originally filmed as the finale of the fourth season and was moved forward. Ivanova did not appear in the episode that was created to serve as a new finale for season four.

This departure necessitated substantial changes to the fifth season of Babylon 5. A planned episode title, "The Very Long Night of Susan Ivanova," was reused as "The Very Long Night of Londo Mollari," though the episodes did not share a plot. Furthermore, a planned romantic relationship between Ivanova and the telepath Byron that would have continued her pattern of tragic relationships was changed to be a romance between Lyta Alexander and Byron, which in turn precipitated the events of the Telepath War. A new character, Elizabeth Lochley, was created to take Ivanova's narrative role as commander of the station.

In the Season 5 episode A View from the Gallery, two maintenance workers discuss Ivanova's sudden departure. They speculate on the reasons she left, mentioning contract and pay disputes and Marcus and his sacrifice before finally concluding that they will not ever know the true story.

After the series
Neither the Babylon 5 movies released after the end of the series nor the spin-off series "Crusade" refer to Ivanova. However, Straczynski wrote a short story set far in the future of the series called Space, Time & the Incurable Romantic which was published in Amazing Stories #602. This story features Marcus Cole being revived after a long time in stasis. The world that created the device Cole used to heal Ivanova (and kill himself in the process) has been discovered, and enough additional information has been found to revive him. While Ivanova herself does not appear, Cole uses some of her hair that was on his uniform and an imprint of her thought patterns and memories. He uses this to create a clone that believes she is Ivanova. He deliberately traps himself and the clone on a remote planet so that he can live out his days with her. The story has been confirmed as canon by Straczynski, who has gone on record to say that Ivanova never finds out about Marcus's cloning of her and his deception, which gave Marcus his own happy ending without Ivanova having to grapple with the ethical issues involved.

Reception and literary analysis
The character of Susan Ivanova has been subject to several literary analysis that focus on her feminine identity, or her military career and LGBT-related coming out or her Jewish background.

See also
 Woman warrior
 List of women warriors in folklore

References

External links
 The Lurker's Guide to Babylon 5: The definitive B5 reference and episode guide
 Babylon 5 Encyclopedia (fansite)
 Susan Ivanova Character Profile (fansite)
 Downloadable short ebook: Space, Time & the Incurable Romantic.pdf

Babylon 5 characters
Female soldier and warrior characters in television
Fictional bisexual women
Fictional Jewish women
Fictional Russian Jews
Fictional telepaths
Television characters introduced in 1994

ru:Список персонажей телесериала «Вавилон-5»#Сьюзен Иванова

Susan Ivanova


زدفينسك  هي مدينة في مقاطعة نوفوسيبيرسك أوبلاست في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 5486 نسمة.

أعلام
 ألكسندر ستوليارينكو

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1773
مدن مقاطعة نوفوسيبيرسك

زدفينسك (نوفوسيبيرسك)


تسعى نظرية تكون القمر إلى حساب حركات القمر. هناك العديد من الاختلافات الصغيرة (أو الاضطرابات) في حركة القمر، وقد بُذلت محاولات عديدة لحسابها. وبعد قرون من اعتبار حركته غير قابلة للحساب، أُجريت حديثًا نمذجة عالية الدقة لحركة القمر.

تتضمن نظرية تكون القمر:

 الخلفية العامة للنظرية، وتتضمن التقنيات الرياضية المستخدمة لتحليل حركة القمر وصياغة المعادلات وخوارزميات التنبؤ بحركاته.
 المعادلات والخوارزميات والمخططات الهندسية الكمّية التي يمكن استخدامها لحساب موقع القمر لفترة زمنية معينة، غالبًا بمساعدة جداول الخوارزميات.

يعود تاريخ نظرية تكون القمر إلى أكثر من 2000 سنة من الأبحاث. وقد استُخدمت التطورات الحديثة على مدى القرون الثلاثة الماضية لأغراض علمية وتكنولوجية أساسية، وما تزال تُستخدم بهذه الطريقة.

تطبيقات نظرية تكون القمر
تتضمن تطبيقات نظرية تكون القمر ما يلي:

 في القرن الثامن عشر، استُخدمت المقارنة بين نظرية تكون القمر ومراقبته لاختبار قانون الجذب العام لنيوتن بفعل حركة القمر البعيد.
 في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر، استُخدمت الجداول الملاحية الموضوعة على أساس نظرية تكون القمر في التقويم البحري لتحديد خط الطول باستخدام طريقة المسافات القمرية.
 في أوائل القرن العشرين، استُخدمت المقارنة بين نظرية تكون القمر ومراقبته في اختبار آخر لقانون الجذب العام لاختبار واستبعاد اقتراح سايمون نيوكومب بأن التناقض المعروف في حركة الشذوذ الشمسي يمكن تفسيره من خلال التعديل الكسري للأس -2 في قانون الجذب العام لنيوتن. (فُسر التناقض لاحقًا بنجاح من خلال النظرية النسبية العامة).
 في أواسط القرن العشرين، وقبل ظهور الساعات الذرية، استُخدمت نظرية تكون القمر إلى جانب مراقبته لتنفيذ مقياس الزمن الفلكي (زمن التقويم الفلكي) الخال من شذوذ الزمن الشمسي الوسطي.
 في أواخر القرن العشرين وأوائل الحادي والعشرين، استُخدمت التطورات الحديثة لنظرية تكون القمر في سلسلة من النماذج الفلكية للنظام الشمسي في مختبر تطوير الدفع النفاث، إلى جانب الملاحظات عالية الدقة لاختبار دقة العلاقات الفيزيائية المرتبطة بالنظرية النسبية العامة، والتي تتضمن مبدأ التكافؤ القوي والجاذبية النسبية والتسارع الجيوديزي واستقرار ثابت الجاذبية.

نبذة تاريخية
روقب القمر منذ آلاف السنين. وعلى مر هذه العصور، ظهرت مستويات مختلفة من الاهتمام والدقة حسب تقنيات المراقبة المتوفرة في كل عصر. هناك تاريخ طويل مماثل لنظريات تكون القمر يمتد من زمن الفلكيين البابليين واليونانيين وصولاً إلى القياسات الحديثة بالليزر.

العصور القديمة وصولًا لعصر نيوتن

العصر البابلي
لم يكن لدى مؤرخي العلوم أي معلومات حول علم الفلك البابلي من الناحية العملية قبل ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر. ذكرت كتابات بلينيوس الأكبر القديمة ثلاث مدارس فلكية في بلاد ما بين النهرين، وهي في بابل وأوروك و«هيبارينوم» (ربما «سيبار»). لكن المعرفة الحديثة المفصلة بدأت فقط عندما فك جوزيف إيبينغ رموز النصوص المسمارية على ألواح طينية من أرشيف بابلي: تعرّف في هذه النصوص على التقويم الفلكي لمواقع القمر. ومنذ ذلك الحين، كان لا بد من بناء المعرفة المتبعثرة بالموضوع من خلال التحليل الدؤوب للنصوص المشفرة على ألواح من بابل وأوروك وإخراجها بصيغة عددية (لم يُعثر على أي أثر حتى الآن من المدرسة الثالثة المذكورة من قبل بلينيوس).

نُسب إلى العالم الفلكي البابلي «كيدنو» (في القرن الخامس أو الرابع قبل الميلاد) اختراع ما يسمى الآن «النظام ب» للتنبؤ بمواقع القمر، إذ يأخذ بعين الاعتبار أن سرعة القمر تتغير باستمرار على طول مساره بالنسبة لخلفية النجوم الثابتة. تضمن هذا النظام حساب التغيرات التدريجية اليومية لسرعة القمر المتزايدة أو المتناقصة بشكل تقريبي كل شهر. إن أساس هذه الأنظمة هو حسابي لا هندسي، لكنهم كانوا يفسرون التباين القمري الرئيسي المعروف الآن باسم معادلة المركز.

احتفظ البابليون بسجلات دقيقة للغاية لمئات السنين للأقمار والكسوفات الجديدة. في وقت ما بين عامي 500 و400 قبل الميلاد صاغوا العلاقة الدورية المستمرة لفترة 19 عام بين الأشهر القمرية والسنوات الشمسية، المعروفة الآن باسم الدورة الميتونية، وبدؤوا باستخدامها.

وقد ساعدهم ذلك على بناء نظرية عددية للشذوذ الرئيسي في حركة القمر إذ وصلوا إلى تقديرات جيدة بشكل ملحوظ للفترات المختلفة لأهم ثلاث سمات لحركة القمر وهي:

 الشهر السينودسي، أي الفترة المتوسطة لمراحل القمر. يسمى الآن «النظام ب» وهو يحسب الشهر السينودسي على أنه 29 يومًا و(نظام العد الستيني) 3, 11; 0,50 «درجة زمنية». كل درجة زمنية هي درجة واحدة من الحركة الظاهرية للنجوم أو ما يعادل 4 دقائق، والقيم الستينية بعد الفاصلة المنقوطة هي كسور الدرجة الزمنية. يصبح الرقم 29.530594 يوم = 29d 12h 44m 3.33s، إذ يقارن مع القيمة الحديثة (في يناير من عام 1900) وهي 29.530589 يوم أو 29d 12h 44m 2.9s . استُخدمت هذه القيمة نفسها من قبل هيبارخوس وبطليموس، وظل استخدامها طوال فترة العصور الوسطى، وما تزال تشكل أساس التقويم العبري.
 متوسط السرعة القمرية بالنسبة للنجوم والتي قدرت بـ 13° 10′ 35″ باليوم، ما يعطي شهرًا مكافئًا يبلغ 27.321598 يوم تقارن مع القيم الحديثة البالغة 13° 10′ 35.0275″ و27.321582 يوم.
 قدّر البابليون الشهر الشاذ، أي الفترة الوسطية لتسارع القمر وتباطؤه بشكل تقريبي في معدل حركته بعكس النجوم، بـ27.5545833 يوم، والقيمة الحديثة هي 27.554551 يومًا.
 أُشير إلى الشهر الوحشي، أي الفترة الوسطية التي ينحرف بها مسار القمر الذي يتجه بعكس النجوم إلى الشمال ثم إلى الجنوب في خط عرض مدار الشمس الظاهري بالمقارنة مع مسار الشمس الظاهري، بعدد من العوامل المختلفة المؤدية إلى تقديرات مختلفة، على سبيل المثال 27.212204 يومًإذ تقارن مع القيمة الحديثة البالغة 27.212221 يوم، ولكن وضع البابليون علاقة عددية بأن 5458 شهرًا سينودسيًا تساوي 5923 شهرًا وحشيًا، والتي عند مقارنتها مع قيمتها الدقيقة للشهر السينوديسي تعطي عمليًا القيمة الفعلية الحديثة للشهر الوحشي.

اعتُمد التقدير البابلي للشهر السينودسي لأكثر من ألفي سنة من قِبل هيبارخوس وبطليموس وكتّاب العصور الوسطى (وما زال قيد الاستخدام كجزء من أساس التقويم العبري اليهودي المحسوب).

عصر الإغريق ومصر الهلنستية
بعد ذلك، ظهرت النظريات القمرية من خيباريوس وبطليموس في عصري بطليموس وبيثيونيان وصولًا إلى عصر نيوتن في القرن السابع عشر بشكل أساسي بمساعدة الأفكار الهندسية المستوحاة بشكل أو بآخر من سلسلة طويلة من المراقبات لمواقع القمر. من أبرز هذه النظريات القمرية الهندسية مجموعة الحركات الدائرية وتطبيقات لنظرية أفلاك التدوير.

عصر خيباريوس
افترض خيباريوس، الذي فُقدت أعماله في الغالب ويعرف فقط من خلال اقتباسات يستخدمها مؤلفون آخرون، أن القمر يدور بمدار مائل بمقدار 5 درجات عن مدار الشمس مرة واحدة كل  سنة في اتجاه عكسي (أي عكس اتجاه الحركات الظاهرة السنوية والشهرية للشمس والقمر بالنسبة للنجوم الثابتة). الدائرة بمثابة مسلك تحمل فلك التدوير الذي من المفترض أن يتحرك القمر فيه باتجاه عكسي. يتحرك مركز فلك التدوير بمعدل يقابل التغير المتوسط في خط طول القمر، في حين تكون فترة دوران القمر حول المركز شهرًا شاذًا. قدم فلك التدوير لما يُعرف لاحقًا باسم عدم المساواة الإهليلجية، معادلةَ المركز، وحجمه تقريبًا لمعادلة المركز الذي يبلغ نحو 5° 1′. هذا الرقم أصغر بكثير من القيمة الحديثة: ولكنه يقترب من الفرق بين المعامِلات الحديثة لمعادلة المركز (الشرط الأول) ومعادلة «إيفيكشن»، التي تنص على أن هذا الفرق يُعزى إلى حقيقة أن القياسات القديمة كانت مأخوذة في أوقات الكسوف، وكان تأثير معادلة «إيفيكشن» (الذي يختفي من معادلة المركز في ظل هذه الظروف) في ذلك الوقت غير معروف ومهمل.

مراجع

الزمن في الفلك
تأثيرات الجاذبية
جاذبية
مدار القمر

نظرية تكون القمر


آبيبي بيكيلا (7 أغسطس 1932 - 25 أكتوبر 1973) بطل أولمبي من إثيوبيا، فاز بماراثون الأولمبياد مرتين. ولد في  جاتو ، قرية ليست بعيدة عن مينديدا ، في منطقة ميراب شيوا في ما هو الآن أوروميا. جُنّد في الحرس الإمبراطوري هيلا سيلاسي في أديس أبابا أطلق اسمه على أحد الملاعب. ولد في مدينة جاتو بإثيوبيا. حصل على الميدالية الذهبية في أولمبياد روما 1960، وكذلك في أولمبياد طوكيو 1964. كما شارك في أولمبياد مكسيكو 1968. في روما 1960، دربه أوني نيسكانن، وقد استطاع الفوز بعد اجتيازه المغربي راضي بن عبد السلام (الذي حصل على الميدالية الفضية) بمسافة 200 م، وقد كان حافي القدمين في ذلك الوقت. استطاع إنهاء الماراثون في ساعتين و 12 دقيقة و 11.2 ثانية، وقد كان ذلك رقماً قياسياً قبل أن يحطمه الياباني موريو شيجيماتسو.
تم التعاقد مع Onni Niskanen السويدي الفنلندي المولد، من قبل الحكومة الإثيوبية لتدريب الرياضيين المحتملين.
في 13 ديسمبر 1960،حينها كان هيلا سيلاسي في زيارة دولة إلى البرازيل نظمت قوات الحرس الإمبراطوري، بقيادة الجنرال Mengitsu Neway، وانقلاب فاشلا، معلنا الابن البكر Wossen سيلاسي آصفي لفترة وجيزة كإمبراطور. انفجرت قذائف ووقع القتال في قلب أديس أبابا، داخل قصر اليوبيل، وقتل وقتها كل من كان بقرب الإمبراطور.

بيكيلا لم يشارك في الانقلاب ولكنه بقي لفترة وجيزة قيد الاعتقال بعد الانقلاب. تم حل معظم الحرس الباقين على قيد الحياة وتم فصلهم من الخدمة. صحيفة واحدة علقت بشجاعة: «ابيبي مدين بحياته لميداليته الذهبية».

في 1961 ركض بيكيلا سباقات الماراثون في اليونان، واليابان، ومدينة كوسيتش في تشيكوسلوفاكيا، والتي فاز فيها كلها. شارك بيكيلا في عام 1963 في ماراثون بوسطن وجاء ترتيبه في الموقع الخامس 5 فقط الزمان وهي المرة الوحيدة في حياته الرياضية التي ينهى فيه ماراثونا دون أن يفوز فيه. [4] عاد إلى إثيوبيا لينافس في ماراثون ح آخر أقيم في أديس أبابا في 1964. وفاز في هذا السباق، بـ 2:23:14.

40 يوما فط قبل بدء دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية في طوكيو عام 1964 وخلال تدريب في أبابا شعر ابيبي بيكيلا بالألم. ولم يكن مدركا لسبب الألم حاول التغلب على هذا الألم ولكنه انهار واقتيد إلى المستشفى حيث تم تشخيص حالته بأنه التهاب الزائدة الدودية الحاد وخضع لجراحة، وبعد ذلك بوقت قصير وحتى خلال فترة شفائه بدأ الركض في باحة المستشفى ليلا.

معرض صور

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

أوروميون
إثيوبيون فازوا بالميدالية الذهبية الأولمبية
حاصلون على مراتب تشريفية وأوسمة وميداليات إثيوبيا
حاملو أرقام قياسية سابقة في ألعاب القوى
حائزون على ميداليات ذهبية أولمبية في ألعاب القوى
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1960
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1964
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1960
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1964
رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1968
عداؤو ماراثون إثيوبيون
لاعبو قوى أولمبيون من إثيوبيا
مواليد 1932
وفيات 1973
وفيات بسبب نزف دماغي

آبيبي بيكيلا


كتخدا (جركس خبازة) حسن باشا عينه السلطان سليم الثالث في 3 رمضان 1203 هـ الصدر الأعظم ومعناها كبير الوزراء إثر هزيمة سلفه الصدر الأعظم يوسف باشا عام 1203 هـ (1788 م) أثناء الحرب الروسية العثمانية.
هو حسن باشا جاويش القازدغلي والذي كان آخر أحفاده سيد زكي علي صالح عبد الرحمن حسن جاويش القازدغلي كتخدا

استطاع كتخدا (جركس خبازة) حسن باشا هزيمة الجيش الروسي بقيادة الجنرال الكونت بافيل سيرغيفيتش بوتومكين عند مصب نهر الدانوب. إلا أن انهزام الجيش العثماني عند أكرمان وأمام مدينة بلغراد أدى إلى عزله وتولية حسن باشا جزايرلي خلفا له في 15 ربيع الثاني عام 1204 هـ (1789 م).

مراجع

باشاوات
صدور عظام في القرن 18 م
عثمانيون شركس

كتخدا (جركس خبازة) حسن باشا


Eduardo González Mazo (Cádiz, 1965) es un catedrático en química física español. Reelegido en marzo de 2015, fue rector de la Universidad de Cádiz desde junio de 2011 hasta mayo de 2019. Es presidente de la Asociación de Universidades Públicas de Andalucía (AUPA) desde noviembre de 2014. Desde marzo de 2016, es además presidente de la AUIP.

Antes de ser elegido rector, ejerció de Director General de Acceso de la UCA.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Rectores de la Universidad de Cádiz
Catedráticos de la Universidad de Cádiz
Nacidos en Cádiz

Eduardo González Mazo


"Amar pelos dois" (Să iubesc pentru amândoi) este piesa câștigătoare a ediției din 2017 a Concursului Muzical Eurovision. Cântecul este interpretat de Salvador Sobral și a fost scris de sora acestuia, Luisa Sobral. Cu această melodie Portugalia a câștigat concursul pentru prima dată.

Punctele acordate Portugaliei

Premii și distincții
"Amar pelos dois" a adus fraților Sobral două Premii Marcel Bezençon. Salvador Sobral a primit Premiul Artistic iar Luisa a primit Premiul de Compozitor.

Track listing
 Digital download
 "Amar pelos dois" – 3:05

 CD single
 "Amar pelos dois"
 "Amar pelos dois" (Instrumental)

Credits and personnel
 Vocals – Salvador Sobral
 Songwriting – Luísa Sobral
 Production – Luísa Sobral
 String arrangement – Luís Figueiredo

Clasamente

Certificări

|Portugal (AFP)
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold
| style="text-align:center;"|7,500*

Istoricul lansărilor

Utilizare în mass media
În Brazilia "Amar pelos dois" este cântecul de început al telenovelei 'Tempo de Amar'' de pe Rede Globo.

Alte variante
 DJ-ii Eric Faria și Giovanni Gomes au lansat o variantă dance numită "Amar Pelos Dois - Nove3cinco Remix".
 Alexander Rybak, câștigătorul Concursului Muzical Eurovision 2009, a înregistrat o versiune neoficială in limba engleză.
 Nathan Trent, reprezentantul Austriei la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 2017, a interpretat cântecul cu Tiroler Symphonie Orchestra în orașul său natal Innsbruck.

Referințe

Legături externe

Cântece la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 2017

Amar Pelos Dois


Yohei Iwasaki (født 24. marts 1987) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Albirex Niigata og FC Gifu.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yohei Iwasaki


Mujeres Masái para la Educación y el Desarrollo Económico (Maasai Women for Education and Economic Development, MAWEED) es una organización basada en la comunidad (CBO), sin interés económico, que trabaja a nivel local para mejorar la vida de los residentes. Su objetivo es luchar por los derechos de las mujeres masáis y el derecho a la educación de la juventud masái.

Es, al mismo tiempo, una organización no gubernamental local, fundada en 2001 y que opera en el condado de Narok de Kenia. Junto con la Organización para el Desarrollo Integrado Pastoril Mainyoito y la Asociación de Propietarios de Tierra Kitengela Ilparakuo entró a formar parte de la Organización de Naciones y Pueblos No Representados el 19 de diciembre de 2004.

Historia
Los masáis son originarios del norte de África, del valle del Nilo a su paso por Sudán, al noroeste del lago Turkana. Emigraron hacia el sur entre los siglos XIV y XVI, y llegaron a sus actuales territorios en Kenia y Tanzania entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. A mediados del  ocupaban casi por entero el valle del Rift. A partir de 1830, una serie de guerras internas entre clanes rivales por el ganado y las tierras de pastoreo desintegraron la unidad de los masáis.

La colonización europea llegó a territorio masái en 1889. Después de una larga guerra con los británicos, estos se aprovecharon de su ignorancia para hacerles firmar documentos en los que se confiscaban las tierras de los masáis a favor de los colonos ingleses, que aun hoy continúan siendo propietarios de aquellas tierras. Tras la descolonización, la situación no mejoró. El primer presidente de Kenia, Jomo Kenyatta, redistribuyó las tierras a favor de su propia tribu, los kikuyu.

La creación de la Reserva de Caza de Mara, que se convertiría enseguida en Reserva Nacional, prohibió la entrada de los masáis en sus tradicionales tierras de pastoreo, creando un grave problema social. Aun hoy los masáis se resisten a abandonar sus prácticas nómadas, se resisten a abandonar sus tierras y no son raros los enfrentamientos con los granjeros blancos.

Referencias
 http://www.unpo.org/members/7920
 http://www.maasai-association.org/maasai.html

Enlaces externos
 http://www.maasaigirlseducation.org
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120127234325/http://www.maasaiwomentanzania.org/programme.htm
 www.reconcile-ea.org/our_reports/Mapping_Inventory report.pdf

Organización de Naciones y Pueblos No Representados
Condado de Narok


A depressão tropical 29W foi um ciclone tropical fraco, porém mortal, que atingiu a Malásia em 2021. Foi a quadragésima-primeira depressão da Temporada de tufões no Pacífico de 2021.

Em 16 de dezembro de 2021, 29W atingiu a costa leste da Península da Malásia, trazendo chuvas torrenciais por toda a península por três dias. As enchentes resultantes, que afetaram oito estados em todo o país, deixaram pelo menos 48 mortos e 5 desaparecidos.  Em sua extensão máxima, causou o deslocamento de mais de 71.000 residentes.

Declarada por funcionários do governo como um desastre "uma vez em um século", é a pior enchente no país em termos de residentes deslocados desde as enchentes na Malásia que ocorreu nos anos de 2014 e de 2015. Também foi historicamente comparado com as inundações de 1971 em Kuala Lumpur. É o desastre relacionado a um ciclone tropical mais mortal a atingir a Malásia desde a tempestade tropical Greg em 1996, que matou 238 pessoas e deixou 102 desaparecidas.

Precipitações recordes foram medidas nas estações meteorológicas de Selangor e Kuala Lumpur. Danos generalizados foram relatados nos estados de Selangor e Pahang, especialmente no distrito de Hulu Langat e na cidade de Shah Alam. O governo da Malásia foi criticado por sua demora na resposta e apatia em relação ao desastre. Cientistas, ativistas climáticos e a mídia em grande parte estabeleceram conexões com esse desastre como um exemplo de condições meteorológicas extremas atribuídas às mudanças climáticas.

História do sistema

Em 14 de dezembro de 2021, a Agência Meteorológica do Japão (JMA) atualizou uma área de baixa pressão que se move para o oeste para uma depressão tropical. O Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) começou a monitorar o sistema no dia seguinte, observando a presença de uma circulação consolidada de baixo nível dentro do sistema. As chances do sistema de se transformar em um ciclone tropical aumentaram lentamente, e em 16 de dezembro às 17:30 UTC, o JTWC emitiu um Alerta de Formação de Ciclone Tropical (TCFA) para o sistema, apesar da saída do Tufão Rai, expondo parcialmente a baixa do sistema - circulação de nível. Por volta das 21:00 UTC, o JTWC atualizou o sistema para uma depressão tropical, atribuindo-lhe a designação de 29W enquanto continuava em condições de desenvolvimento marginalmente favoráveis. Pouco depois, às 23:00 UTC, a depressão atingiu o norte da cidade de Kuantan, no estado de Pahang, e começou a enfraquecer depois, levando o JTWC a emitir seu parecer final sobre o sistema no dia seguinte. A JMA parou de monitorar o sistema em 17 de dezembro às 12:00 UTC.

Preparativos
Antes das inundações, o Departamento de Bem-Estar de Kelantan preparou RM 1,3 milhão ( USD 309,5 mil) para esforços de socorro. O Centro Nacional de Comando de Desastres (NDCC ou NADMA) planejou 5.731 abrigos temporários (conhecidos localmente por sua abreviatura malaia, PPS) que poderiam acomodar mais de 1,6 milhão de vítimas em todo o país para fins de emergência.

Em 16 de dezembro, o Departamento Meteorológico da Malásia (MMA ou MetMalaysia) emitiu um alerta laranja para todos os distritos de Kelantan e Terengganu e alertas amarelos para Pahang, Perak, Kedah e Penang até 17 de dezembro. No mesmo dia, avisos de inundação foram emitidos pelo Centro Nacional de Previsão e Alerta de Inundações (PRABN) para dois distritos em Kelantan ( Distrito de Kuala Krai e Distrito de Jeli ). O NDCC aconselhou sobre a ativação de comitês de gestão de desastres em nível estadual e distrital após o alerta. A MetMalaysia posteriormente emitiu um alerta âmbar para chuvas persistentes em todo o Vale de Klang. Este alerta foi posteriormente elevado para um alerta vermelho (o nível máximo) e foi expandido para estados vizinhos, incluindo Pahang. A Barragem Klang Gates liberou 25% de seu reservatório em estágios depois que os níveis de água excederam os níveis aceitáveis. Em 18 de dezembro, os centros de operação de inundações foram ativados em todos os distritos de Kelantan. Mais tarde naquela noite, Tuan Ibrahim, o Ministro do Meio Ambiente e Água, divulgou um comunicado de emergência solicitando preparativos imediatos em Kuala Lumpur para as enchentes após o rompimento de quatro rios principais da cidade. O Túnel SMART foi ativado em meio ao aumento da precipitação e atingiu volumes de desvio recorde de aproximadamente cinco milhões de metros cúbicos de água de inundação.

Funcionários e residentes deslocados de centros de socorro foram examinados regularmente para COVID-19 para evitar a ocorrência de surtos.

Estragos e rescaldo por causa de 29W
A travessia da depressão tropical 29W no centro da Malásia trouxe longos períodos de aguaceiros sustentados. Vários registros meteorológicos foram quebrados durante o processo. Uma estação meteorológica em Sentul registrou um pico de precipitação diária de , equivalente a um mês de chuva na região. Foi seguido por medições de  em Sungai Bonus Tun Abdul Razak,  em Jinjang, e  em Gombak. Amirudin Shari, o Menteri Besar de Selangor, foi notificado pelo Departamento de Irrigação e Drenagem de Selangor que o estado havia recebido  de chuva. Anteriormente, as medições de precipitação mais altas do estado eram de .

Durante a sua extensão máxima, 71.000 pessoas de oito estados foram evacuadas para abrigos de emergência. O NDCC anunciou um número refinado de 69.134 pessoas deslocadas em 21 de dezembro.  Em 23 de dezembro, o Inspetor-Geral da Polícia Acryl Sani Abdullah Sani anunciou os números de deslocamento de 68.341 pessoas.

Algumas partes da rodovia federal, New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) e a rodovia Karak foram expostas a deslizamentos de terra e inundações, o que as tornou totalmente intransitáveis. Na Rodovia Karak, 450 motoristas ficaram presos por dois dias antes de serem resgatados. 226 pessoas foram resgatadas do NKVE. A rodovia Kemuning-Shah Alam (LKSA), que enfrentou pequenas inundações, ficou fechada por dois dias. O NDCC estimou que 224 estradas (126 estaduais, 98 federais) foram interrompidas por circunstâncias relacionadas às enchentes. Trezentos e trinta e três subestações elétricas de seis estados foram fechadas por razões de segurança, levando a cortes de energia.

Pelo menos 181 casos COVID-19 foram detectados entre os evacuados. O ministro da Saúde, Khairy Jamaluddin, alertou no dia 20 de dezembro que o desastre poderia levar a um aumento das infecções no país.

Kelantan
Kelantan foi um dos primeiros estados a receber fortes chuvas da Depressão Tropical de 29W. Cinco rios em Kelantan registraram aumentos nos níveis de água em 16 de dezembro, dos quais três atingiram níveis perigosos nos dois dias seguintes. Em 17 de dezembro, vários distritos de Kelantan foram inundados, levando à evacuação de 548 habitantes de quatro distritos, alojados em oito abrigos temporários. Dois pacientes infectados com COVID-19 tiveram que ser evacuados para o Hospital Gua Musang para evitar a propagação da infecção entre outros evacuados.

Em 18 de dezembro, as inundações atingiram Pasir Mas. A primeira morte foi relatada naquele dia, depois que o corpo de um operador de fábrica - que caiu de uma motocicleta enquanto dirigia por uma estrada inundada - foi descoberto às 14h22 perto de um cemitério chinês em Gambang. O número de vítimas evacuadas aumentou para 1.084, com 17 abrigos instalados em todo o estado em cinco distritos. A polícia foi deslocada para o cais do Sultão em Kota Bharu "para evitar que as multidões fossem lá para ver o rio a subir". As vítimas deslocadas atingiram o pico de 2.632 no final daquele dia, mas diminuíram constantemente desde então. O número caiu durante a semana seguinte para cerca de mil pessoas e, em 24 de dezembro, o número era de 974 em cinco abrigos temporários diferentes.

O Menteri Besar de Kelantan, Ahmad Yakob, fez comparações entre essas enchentes em seu estado e as enchentes de 2014-15, que enfrentaram problemas semelhantes.

Terengganu
Uma pequena inundação antes do landfall de 29W em 3 de dezembro deixou 140 pessoas desabrigadas em Setiu e Besut por vários dias.

Em 16 de dezembro, quando 29W cruzou Kelantan, foi relatado que dois rios ultrapassaram seus respectivos níveis de perigo (rio Dungun e rio Tebak). O primeiro abrigo temporário foi aberto em uma escola primária em Setiu. Foi seguido por outro abrigo temporário na prefeitura de Dungun. Houve 21 vítimas deslocadas. Em 18 de dezembro, o número aumentou ligeiramente para 63, e atingiu o pico de 285 no final do dia. No entanto, como a extensão das enchentes no estado foi mínima, apenas 9 desabrigados permaneceram três dias depois. O último abrigo temporário, em Kemaman, foi fechado no dia 21 de dezembro.

No dia 30 de dezembro, chuvas contínuas voltaram a ser observadas no estado. Às 16h, Dungun foi o primeiro a receber uma enchente, quando 69 pessoas foram evacuadas para um abrigo temporário no distrito. No final da noite, a Secretaria de Gestão de Desastres do estado de Terengganu foi informada de que os principais rios em Besut, Dungun e Hulu Terengganu haviam ultrapassado seus respectivos níveis de perigo. Em 31 de dezembro, o número de evacuados aumentou para 388. Eles foram alojados em dois abrigos temporários em Dungun.

Selangor
Selangor foi a que mais choveu durante o evento. A MetMalaysia emitiu o alerta mais severo para 8 distritos no estado para chuvas contínuas desde 17 de dezembro por 4 dias. No entanto, as inundações já haviam ocorrido em Sepang, Hulu Langat e Klang um dia antes do aviso ser emitido. 16 rios haviam ultrapassado o nível de perigo até então. Em 18 de dezembro, 3.086 vítimas foram deslocadas em 30 abrigos temporários, a maioria em Klang. Mais 11 abrigos foram montados mais tarde naquele dia. 93 bombas d'água foram implantadas para remover as enchentes no local, enquanto 134 comportas foram fechadas para evitar o transbordamento das marés altas. Os residentes de Kajang e Salak Tinggi foram aconselhados a evacuar. A principal subestação elétrica em Glenmarie explodiu durante a noite, causando um apagão em algumas partes de Shah Alam. Duas estações de tratamento de água foram fechadas devido às enchentes, levando a cortes de água em 472 áreas em todo o vale de Klang. Outra planta foi forçada a limitar a produção de água devido a problemas de qualidade da água. Os caminhões de abastecimento de água não puderam chegar às regiões afetadas porque a maioria das estradas foi fechada ou cortada com as enchentes. O Shah Alam City Council (MBSA) publicou um anúncio na noite impedindo as pessoas de entrar em Shah Alam e Klang. As águas das cheias entre as estradas principais que ligam a cidade de Meru e Bukit Raja foram medidas com uma profundidade de 2 a 3 metros. Dezenas de moradores, que não voltaram para suas casas a tempo, foram forçados a dormir em seus carros.

O número de vítimas das enchentes dobrou durante a noite. Em 19 de dezembro, 6.242 vítimas foram deslocadas. Em um tweet, o Menteri Besar de Selangor deu as boas-vindas aos proprietários de barcos para auxiliar nos esforços de socorro, que foram coordenados pelo governo estadual por meio do Smart Selangor Operations Center (SSOC). A gravidade da situação fez com que o governo estadual abordasse o Primeiro Ministro, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, e o Ministro da Defesa, Hishamuddin Hussein, para intervenção federal e assistência na evacuação e ajuda humanitária às vítimas das enchentes. O governo federal, embora não esperasse a situação de Selangor, mobilizou recursos federais logo em seguida. Tenaga Nasional, a única empresa de energia elétrica na Malásia, anunciou interrupções de energia em 82 áreas em Klang. O número de vítimas deslocadas ultrapassou 15.000 durante o dia. O número de abrigos temporários aumentou para 108. A primeira morte no estado foi notificada no mesmo dia, quando foi descoberto um corpo a  caminho de um apartamento na seção 22 de Shah Alam. Vídeos e imagens da descoberta se espalharam pelas redes sociais.

As águas das enchentes começaram a diminuir em 20 de dezembro. O número de vítimas deslocadas aumentou para 32.044 em 162 abrigos temporários, o pico do estado. No dia 21 de dezembro, foi confirmado que 15 pessoas morreram na enchente. O número de mortos aumentou para 24 no dia seguinte.

Um apartamento em Shah Alam foi declarado inseguro após preocupações com a integridade estrutural do complexo após as enchentes. Os residentes foram evacuados para abrigos de socorro de acordo com as autoridades locais.

Taman Sri Muda (Shah Alam)
O município de Taman Sri Muda, localizado em Shah Alam, registrou 14 mortes. O município foi totalmente inundado e sofreu danos catastróficos. 16 bombas de sucção foram usadas para acelerar o processo de bombeamento em Sri Muda.

Durante dois dias, faltou comida no município, levando a saques em várias lojas de conveniência e supermercados inundados durante a tarde de 20 de dezembro. Baharudin Mat Taib, comissário assistente do chefe de polícia de Shah Alam, confirmou os relatos. 31 saqueadores foram presos durante um assalto. Oito equipes policiais foram posicionadas em 23 de dezembro na área para evitar arrombamentos. O diretor administrativo da Mydin, Ameer Ali Mydin, cujas lojas estiveram envolvidas nos saques, divulgou um comunicado perdoando todas as vítimas que saquearam sua loja "por desespero e fome".

Pahang
O estado de Pahang registrou os números mais altos de residentes deslocados, com 38.086 pessoas deslocadas em 22 de dezembro.  Tempestades foram relatadas no estado. Em Bentong, um deslizamento de terra destruiu uma série de chalés que prendeu 30 pessoas. Dez foram arrastados pelas fortes correntes e cinco foram mortos durante o incidente.

Críticas ao governo
O governo da Malásia foi criticado por sua falta de resposta imediata aos esforços de socorro. Houve reclamações nas redes sociais de que as autoridades demoraram a fornecer ajuda, com muitas vítimas contando com voluntários para alimentação e necessidades básicas. Puan Sri Shariffa Sabrina Syed Akil, presidente de um grupo conservacionista local, citou a resposta lenta como consequência da burocracia ineficaz. O primeiro-ministro da Malásia, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, reconheceu publicamente certas "fraquezas" na resposta do governo ao desastre.

Uma decisão envolvendo Azhar Azizan Harun, Presidente da recusa do Dewan Rakyat em permitir que membros do parlamento do partido da oposição discutissem eventos recentes relacionados às enchentes no Parlamento gerou amplo debate e controvérsia. A ação de Azhar foi criticada por políticos tanto do partido no poder quanto da oposição, alguns pedindo sua renúncia.

Conexão com mudanças climáticas
Antes das inundações, cientistas e organizações, incluindo Renard Siew, consultor de mudança climática do Centro para Governança e Estudos Políticos, e o Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas, alertaram que eventos climáticos extremos se tornariam mais comuns como consequência das mudanças climáticas, incluindo chuvas fortes. Em entrevista ao Channel News Asia, Renard disse que, devido às mudanças climáticas, seria mais difícil para os climatologistas preverem o tempo com precisão, citando que as monções do nordeste, que costumam causar inundações na costa leste da Península da Malásia, também afetaram a costa oeste desta vez. Ela também discordou das alegações do governo sobre a enchente de 100 anos, citando que, nos últimos anos, as inundações devastadoras causadas pela mudança climática ocorreram recentemente em outras regiões, incluindo Europa, China e Estados Unidos. A declaração dela foi posteriormente repetida pela palestrante de meio ambiente da Universiti Putra Malaysia, Haliza Abdul Rahman, onde ela acrescentou que essa enchente e as recentes enchentes na Turquia foram causadas pelas mudanças climáticas. Ela também discordou da mesma forma que a enchente foi rotulada como uma "enchente de 100 anos", já que eventos semelhantes também poderiam acontecer no futuro. A fim de mitigar esse problema, além de melhorar os sistemas de monitoramento do clima, especialistas e ativistas pedem que sejam tomadas medidas para reduzir os efeitos das mudanças climáticas. Isso inclui a redução das emissões de carbono, o incentivo ao transporte público e a carona solidária como meio de transporte, o fim do desmatamento e o incentivo à cooperação global para enfrentar as mudanças climáticas. Além disso, isso poderia envolver a revisão da construção de infraestrutura que será afetada por tempestades, inundações e aumento do nível do mar, e a concessão de ajuda internacional para ajudar os países a enfrentar as mudanças climáticas.

Ligações externas

Desastres naturais na Malásia
Enchentes em 2021

Depressão tropical 29W


Akçalı, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Türkoğlu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Ceceli köyüne bağlı bir oba iken, 16 Ağustos 1957'de köy statüsü kazandı. 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra ise mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 31 km, Türkoğlu ilçe merkezine 8 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Türkoğlu'nun mahalleleri

Akçalı, Türkoğlu


Coeur d'Alene may refer to a people and related place names in the northwestern United States:

 Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, a city in the United States
 Coeur d'Alene Airport
 Coeur d'Alene Charter Academy
 Coeur d'Alene High School
 Coeur d'Alene Press
 Coeur d'Alene Resort
 Coeur d'Alene School District
 Coeur d'Alene people, a Native American tribe
 Coeur d'Alene language
 Coeur d'Alene Reservation

Geographical features
 Coeur d'Alene Mountains, a mountain range in Idaho and Montana
 Coeur d'Alene National Forest, Idaho
 Lake Coeur d'Alene
 Coeur d'Alene River

Other uses
 Coeur d'Alene Avenue Elementary School, Venice, Los Angeles, California
 Coeur d'Alene Mines, an international mining corporation
 Coeur d'Alene salamander
 "Coeur d'Alene", a song from Alter Bridge's album AB III
 Coeur d'Alene Solo, a variation on the Frog card game

See also

Language and nationality disambiguation pages

Coeur d'Alene


Aspenden es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de East Hertfordshire, en el condado de Hertfordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Aspenden tiene una superficie de 5,87 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Aspenden tenía 222 habitantes (50,9% varones, 49,1% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 37,82 hab/km². El 21,17% eran menores de 16 años, el 75,68% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 3,15% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 37,17 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 22,29% estaban solteros, el 65,71% casados, y el 12% divorciados o viudos.

El 96,33% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,83% de la población, mientras que el 1,83% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Todos los habitantes eran blancos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 73,3%, mientras que el 20,81% no eran religiosos y el 5,88% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 90 hogares con residentes y ninguno vacío.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Hertfordshire
Parroquias civiles de Hertfordshire

Aspenden


Salyut 5, Sovyetler Birliği tarafından 22 Haziran 1976'da Baykonur Uzay Üssü'nden fırlatılarak yörüngeye oturtulan uzay istasyonu. Çok gizli askeri Almaz serisinin üçüncü ve son istasyonuydu. Diğer Almaz'lar gibi, Salyut adı verilerek gerçek amacı gizlendi.

Fırlatılışı ve sonraki görevleri tamamen başarılıydı. Soyuz 21 uzayadamları istasyonda 7 Temmuz - 24 Ağustos 1976 arasında görev yaptı. Soyuz 23 15 Ekim'de kenetlenmeyi denedi, ancak istasyona girmeyi başaramadı. Soyuz 24 mürettebatı istasyonda 8 - 25 Şubat 1977 arasında kaldı.

Yaklaşık 18-19 tonluk ağırlığıyla yapısal olarak Salyut 3'e benziyordu. İstasyonun merkezinde iki tarafa yatay olarak yerleştirilmiş güneş panelleri vardı. Araştırma verileri ve materyallerinin Dünyaya gönderilmesi için ayrılabilir bir kurtarma modülü bulunuyordu. Bu modül 26 Şubat 1977'de Dünyaya gönderildi ve Sovyetler tarafından bulundu. Salyut 5'in yakıtı tükenince planlanan Soyuz 25 görevi imkânsız hale geldi ve yörüngeden çıkarılarak atmosferde yandı.

Özellikler
 Uzunluk: 14,55 m
 Azami çap: 4,15 m
 Yaşanabilir hacim: 100 m³
 Fırlatmadaki ağırlık: 19.000 kg
 Fırlatma roketi: Proton (üç kademeli)
 Yörünge eğimi: 51.6°
 Güneş paneli sayısı: 2
 İkmâl taşıyıcıları: Soyuz feribotu
 Kenetlenme kapısı sayısı: 1
 İnsanlı görev sayısı: 3
 Uzun süreli insanlı görev sayısı: 2

Ziyaret eden uzayaraçları ve mürettebat
 Soyuz 21: 6 Haziran - 24 Ağustos 1976
 Boris Volynov
 Vitali Zolobov
 Soyuz 23 - 14 -16 Ekim 1976 - Kenetlenme başarısız
 Vyaçeslav Zudov
 Valeri Rozdestvenski
 Soyuz 24 - 7 - 25 Şubat 1977
 Viktor Gorbatko
 Yuri Glazkov

Salyut 5 keşif görevleri

5
Uzay istasyonları
1976'da uzay çalışmaları

Salyut 5


A Ponte da Ribeira do Roxo, igualmente conhecida como Ponte do Roxo, é uma infra-estrutura que transporta a Estrada Nacional 2 sobre a Ribeira do Roxo, no concelho de Aljustrel, em Portugal. Foi construída em 1932.

Descrição e história
Está situada no lanço entre Aljustrel e Ervidel da Estrada Nacional 2, embora originalmente fizesse parte da estrada n.º 19-1.ª, ligando Cacilhas a Faro. É suportada por um só arco em betão armado, com 45 m de vão.

Foi desenhada pelo engenheiro João Alberto Barbosa Carmona, que também foi responsável por outras pontes no Sul do país, e construída pela empresa Belard. Foi inaugurada em Fevereiro de 1932, numa cerimónia que contou com a presença do Presidente da República, Óscar Carmona. Porém, só entrou ao serviço em 23 de Abril desse ano, para veículos com aros de borracha, e no dia 1 de Maio para veículos com aros de ferro. Foi construída de forma a ligar a vila de Aljustrel a Ervidel, melhorar as comunicações até Lisboa e Beja, e permitir a ligação rodoviária entre Lisboa e o Algarve. A sua instalação enquadrou-se numa fase de crescimento nas obras públicas após os problemas económicos causados pela Primeira Guerra Mundial, tendo neste período sido construídas ou substituídas várias pontes em território nacional. É suportada por um só arco em betão armado, com 45 m de vão.

O local onde se situa a ponte poderá originalmente ter sido um vau na ribeira do Roxo,  que seria parte de uma estrada que ligava várias povoações antigas na região, como o Outeiro do Circo, o Cerro da Mangancha e a Herdade do Pomar. Nas imediações da ponte situa-se um importante sítio arqueológico, o Castelo Velho do Roxo.

Em Janeiro de 2015, ocorreu uma concentração para protestar contra a situação da rede rodoviária no Alentejo, e exigir a conclusão de importantes eixos rodoviários como o IP8 e o IP2, tendo a Câmara Municipal de Aljustrel criticado em particular as condições em que se encontrava a ponte do Roxo, que há mais de uma década estava com circulação condicionada e sinalização de obras. Em Fevereiro de 2016, a autarquia voltou a chamar a atenção para os problemas de conservação das pontes no seu concelho, incluindo a do Roxo, tendo um dos motivos apontados para esta situação sido a intensa circulação de veículos pesados da Empresa de Desenvolvimento e Infra-estruturas do Alqueva. No mês seguinte iniciaram-se as obras de reabilitação, por parte da empresa Infraestruturas de Portugal. Segundo a operadora, esta intervenção custou cerca de 236 mil Euros, e teve como finalidade «o incremento das condições de segurança, de estabilidade estrutural e a beneficiação geral do aspecto visual da ponte». Acrescentou igualmente que a «concretização da obra de reabilitação da Ponte da Ribeira do Roxo representa uma forte melhoria das condições de mobilidade, conforto e de serviço prestado aos utilizadores, na circulação rodoviária no concelho de Aljustrel». Durante as obras foram feitos trabalhos de reforço e de reabilitação em toda a estrutura de betão, incluindo nos elementos dos rebocos, aparelhos de apoio, juntas de dilatação, guarda corpos, e guardas de segurança, tendo sido feita igualmente a impermeabilização e a instalação de um novo revestimento na faixa de rodagem e nos passeios. Nos finais de Julho, as obras estavam quase concluídas.

Ver também
Lista de património edificado em Aljustrel
Barragem do Roxo
Ponte de Odemira
Ponte do Sol Posto

Bibliografia

Aljustrel
Pontes no distrito de Beja
Infraestrutura de transporte terminada em 1932
Fundações em Portugal em 1932
Pontes rodoviárias de Portugal
Pontes em arco

Ponte da Ribeira do Roxo


Karl-Erik Andersson, né le  à Stockholm et mort le , est un footballeur international suédois. Il évoluait au poste de défenseur.

Biographie

En club
Karl-Erik Andersson est joueur du Djurgårdens IF de 1943 à 1957.

Il est sacré Champion de Suède en 1954-55.

En compétitions européennes, il dispute un matchs sans inscrire de but en Coupe des clubs champions.

En équipe nationale
International suédois, il reçoit 17 sélections en équipe de Suède entre 1948 et 1954, sans inscrire de but.

Son premier match en sélection a lieu le  contre la Finlande (match nul 2-2 à Helsinki) dans le cadre du Championnat nordique.

Il dispute un match lors des éliminatoires de la Coupe du monde 1950 contre l'Irlande.

Il fait partie du groupe suédois médaillé de bronze aux Jeux olympiques de 1952 mais ne dispute aucun match durant le tournoi.

Son dernier match en sélection a lieu le  contre la Norvège (match nul 1-1 à Oslo) lors du Championnat nordique.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international suédois
Médaillé de bronze olympique suédois
Joueur du Djurgårdens IF
Footballeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1952
Joueur suédois de hockey sur glace
Joueur du Djurgårdens IF (hockey sur glace)
Joueur suédois de bandy
Joueur du Djurgårdens IF (bandy)
Naissance en janvier 1927
Naissance à Stockholm
Décès en août 2005
Décès à 78 ans

Karl-Erik Andersson


Sebastián Alejandro Battaglia (født 8. november 1980 i Santa Fe, Argentina) er en argentinsk tidligere fodboldspiller (defensiv midtbane).

Battaglia spillede størstedelen af sin karriere hos Boca Juniors i hjemlandet. Han tilbragte i alt 13 år hos Buenos Aires-klubben, som han vandt hele syv argentinske mesterskaber og fire udgaver af Copa Libertadores med. Han var desuden i en enkelt sæson tilknyttet spanske Villarreal.

Battaglia spillede desuden 10 kampe for det argentinske landshold.

Titler
Primera División Argentina
 1999 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2003 Apertura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2008 Apertura og 2011 Apertura med Boca Juniors

Copa Libertadores
 2000, 2001, 2003 og 2007 med Boca Juniors

Intercontinental Cup
 2000 og 2003 med Boca Juniors

Copa Sudamericana
 2004 med Boca Juniors

Recopa Sudamericana
 2005, 2006 og 2008 med Boca Juniors

Copa Argentina
 2012 med Boca Juniors

UEFA Intertoto Cup
 2004 med Villarreal

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Argentina
Fodboldspillere fra Boca Juniors
Fodboldspillere fra Villarreal CF
Fodboldtrænere fra Club Atlético Boca Juniors

Sebastián Battaglia


Birkiklukka (fræðiheiti: Campanula betulifolia) er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Tyrklandi, Armeníu og Kákasus.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Birkiklukka


Der Sender Hetjershausen ist eine Sendeanlage des Norddeutschen Rundfunks in Hetjershausen, einem Vorort von Göttingen. Er dient zur Abstrahlung von Fernsehprogrammen im DVB-T-Standard.

Digitales Fernsehen (DVB-T / DVB-T2)
Am 27. September 2010 wurde die Sendeanlage zur Verbesserung des DVB-T-Empfangs, insbesondere im Stadtgebiet von Göttingen, in Betrieb genommen. Die Umstellung auf den DVB-T2-Standard mit HEVC Bildcodierung erfolgte am 8. November 2017. Optional lassen sich zusätzliche als Verknüpfung enthaltene Programme über eine Internetverbindung wiedergeben, falls das Empfangsgerät HbbTV (ab Version 1.5) unterstützt (NDR via IP: ARD-alpha HD, rbb Brandenburg HD, SR Fernsehen HD, SWR BW HD, …).

Folgende DVB-T2-Bouquets werden übertragen:

 Empfangsparameter

Analoges Fernsehen
Bis zur Umstellung auf DVB-T am 29. Mai 2006 wurde folgendes Programm in analogem PAL gesendet:

Einzelnachweise

Bauwerk in Göttingen
Hetjershausen Sender

Sender Hetjershausen


Joseph Kevin McNamara  (5 September 1934 – 6 August 2017) was a British Labour politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for almost 40 years.

Early life
Born in West Derby, Merseyside, he was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers at St Mary's College, Crosby. He studied for an LLB at the University of Hull. He was head of department in History at St Mary's Grammar School (now called St Mary's College) in Hull from 1958–64 and a Law lecturer at Hull College of Commerce from 1964–66.

Parliamentary career
After unsuccessfully contesting Bridlington in 1964, McNamara was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingston upon Hull North, in a by-election in January 1966 following the death of sitting Labour MP Henry Solomons. Labour's hold of a former marginal seat with a significantly increased majority is widely considered to have helped to convince the prime minister Harold Wilson to call the 1966 election to seek a larger majority.

McNamara retained his seat at the 1966 general election, and at subsequent elections until the constituency was abolished for the February 1974 general election, when he transferred to the new Kingston upon Hull Central constituency. When that constituency was abolished for the 1983 election, McNamara was re-elected for the re-created Kingston upon Hull North constituency.

McNamara campaigned in his last years in parliament on many issues, protesting against the Act of Succession which prohibits a Roman Catholic or the spouse of a Roman Catholic to be the British monarch. He stepped down at the 2005 general election, with the local Constituency Labour Party choosing Diana Johnson to stand in his place.

During the 2005 general election campaign McNamara claimed some of the policies regarding illegal travellers' sites of the leader of the Conservative Party, Michael Howard had "whiff of the gas chambers" about them. Howard's grandmother was murdered at Auschwitz.

Northern Ireland
McNamara was known throughout his parliamentary career as a supporter of Irish nationalism who favoured a United Ireland. After entering parliament, he soon became interested in reports of discrimination against the Catholic minority in Northern Ireland and supported the Campaign for Democracy in Ulster (CDU). He served as a frontbench spokesman for the Labour Party, including Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland under Neil Kinnock, 1987–94, an appointment that was widely criticised by Unionists.

After Tony Blair became Labour leader, he replaced McNamara as Northern Ireland spokesman with Mo Mowlam. In 1997, he helped persuade the newly elected Labour government to donate £5,000 (thereby matching the contribution of the Irish government) for the erection of a memorial in Liverpool to the victims of the Great Irish Famine.

McNamara also supported Republicanism in the United Kingdom and joined the All-Party Parliamentary Republic Group.

Personal life
McNamara was a Roman Catholic, a Knight Commander of the Pontifical Order of Saint Gregory the Great and recipient of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. He was married to Nora McNamara, and was the father of four sons and a daughter.

In 2006, McNamara received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Hull in recognition of his long service in politics. He graduated with a PhD from the University of Liverpool in 2007 having completed a thesis on the MacBride Principles at the Institute of Irish Studies, where he gave the 2008 John Kennedy Lecture in Irish Studies, .

Illness and death
In 2017, McNamara was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer while on holiday in Spain. On 6 August, it was reported that he had died at his home in Formby, Merseyside, aged 82.

References

External links

 Retirement
 Association of Papal Orders in Great Britain
 The Times, 22 March 2005
 Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool
 BBC Vote 2001, candidate biographies
 Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), Biographies of Prominent People
 University of Hull, News Archive

1934 births
2017 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Transport and General Workers' Union-sponsored MPs
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
English people of Irish descent
People educated at St Mary's College, Crosby
English Roman Catholics
British republicans
Knights of St. Gregory the Great
People from Crosby, Merseyside
Alumni of the University of Hull

Kevin McNamara (politician)


Gheorghe Ciobanu (n. 4 februarie 1909, Pădureni (fostă Gâștești), județul Ilfov (astăzi Giurgiu) - d. 20 aprilie 1997, București) a fost un etnomuzicolog, bizantinolog și profesor român.

Biografie
S-a născut la data de 4 februarie 1909 în localitatea Pădureni (Gâștești), județul Ilfov (astăzi Giurgiu).

Studiile muzicale le-a început în 1923 la Seminarul Central din București (absolvit în 1931), continuându-le la Conservatorul din București (1931-1938) cu Victor Gheorghiu (teorie-solfegiu), Ștefan Popescu (teorie-solfegiu, cor, dirijat coral), Mihail Jora (armonie și contrapunct), Dimitrie Cuclin (forme muzicale), Constantin Brăiloiu (folclor și istoria muzicii), George Breazul (enciclopedia și pedagogia muzicii). S-a specializat între 1944-1946 cu Ioan D. Petrescu (paleografie bizantin și cânt gregorian).

Între 1935-1943 este cântăreț bisericesc în București, iar între 1939-1952 este profesor de muzică bisericească la Seminarul Central din București.

Între 1942-1946 activează ca profesor de teorie-solfegiu la Institutul Militar de Muzică din București.

În 1938 devine colaborator la Arhiva de Folklor a Societății Compozitorilor Români. Între 1949-1953 ajunge cercetător științific și apoi șef de sector (1954-1968) la Institutul de Etnografie și Folclor al Academiei R.P.R. din București.

Între 1966-1971 este conferențiar la catedra de folclor a Conservatorului din Iași.

În 1970 devine doctor în muzicologie la Conservatorul din Cluj-Napoca cu teza Lăutarii din Clejani.

A prezentat conferințe, comunicări științifice, concerte-lecții, emisiuni radio-televizate. A participat la numeroase sesiuni științifice interne și internaționale, la București, Cluj, Iași, la Moscova (1964), Celje (1965), Sofia (1966), Viena (1981), Haga (1988) etc.

A publicat articole, recenzii și studii în principalele reviste de specialitate din țară (Muzica, Revista de Folclor, Studii de muzicologie, Cercetări de muzicologie, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, Glasul Bisericii etc.) și din străinătate (Franța, Italia, Polonia, Bulgaria ș.a.).

Distincții
A fost distins și încununat cu numeroase de premii, decorații și titluri, datorate activității sale științifice:
 Premiul "Ciprian Porumbescu" al Academiei Române (1957, 1978)
 Premiul Uniunii Compozitorilor și Muzicologilor din România" (1969, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1992)
 Marele Premiu al Uniunii Compozitorilor (1987)
 Ordinul "Meritul cultural", clasa a III-a (1969)

Lucrări

Cărți
 Lăutarii din Clejani, București, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor din R.S.R., 1969, 220 p.
 Studii de etnomuzicologie și bizantinologievol. 1, București, Editura Muzicală, 1974, 439 p.vol. 2, București, Editura Muzicală, 1979, 378 p.vol. 3, București, Editura Muzicală, 1992, 224 p. ISBN 973-42-0128-X
 Etudes de musique ancienne roumaine, București, Editura Muzicală, 1984, 194 p.

Ediții critice
 Anton Pann. Cîntece de lume, București, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, 1955, 365 p.
 Culegeri de folclor și cîntece de lume, seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. I, București, Editura Muzicală, 1976, 267 p.
 Muzică instrumentală, vocală și psaltică din secolele XVI-XIX, seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. II, București, Editura Muzicală, 1978, 248 p.
 "Școala muzicală de la Putna" (manuscrisul nr. 56/544/576 I), seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. III, București, Editura Muzicală, 1980, 446 p. (cu Titus Moisescu și Marin Ionescu)
 "Școala muzicală de la Putna" (manuscris nr. I-26/Iași), seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. IV, București, Editura Muzicală, 1981, 618 p. (cu Titus Moisescu și Marin Ionescu)
 Antologhionul lui Eustatie Protopsaltul Putnei, seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. V, București, Editura Muzicală, 1983, 510 p. (cu Marin Ionescu)
 "Școala muzicală de la Putna" (Ms. Nr. 56/544/576 I). "Stihirar", seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. IIIB, București, Editura Muzicală, 1984, 276 p. (cu Titus Moisescu și Marin Ionescu)
 Cîntece de lume (secolele XVIII-XIX), seria "Izvoare ale muzicii românești", vol. IX, București, Editura Muzicală, 1985, 288 p.

Culegeri de folclor
 200 Cîntece și doine, București, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, 1955 (în colaborare cu Vasile D. Nicolescu)ediția a II-a, București, Editura Muzicală, 1962, 193 g.
 Vechi cîntece de viteji, București, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, 1956, 132 p. (în colaborare cu Alexandru Amzulescu)

Bibliografie
 Cosma, Viorel: Compozitori și muzicologi români. Mic lexicon, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor, 1965, pp. 72-73
 Cosma, Viorel: Muzicieni români. Lexicon, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor, 1970, pp. 117-118
 Cosma, Viorel: Muzicieni din România. Lexicon, Vol.1 (A-C), Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor, 1989, pp. 314-318
 Datcu, Iordan: Dicționarul etnologilor români, București, Editura Saeculum I.O., 2006
 Datcu, Iordan: Dicționarul folcloriștilor II, Editura Litera, București, 1983, pp. 77-80
 Moisescu, Titus: Monodia bizantină în gândirea unor muzicieni români, Editura Muzicală, 1999, pp. 108-127
 Ionescu, Gheorghe C.:Lexicon al celor care, de-a lungul veacurilor, s-au ocupat cu muzica de tradiție bizantină din România, Editura Diogene, București, 1994

Note

Legături externe
 Gheorghe Ciobanu – Corespondență cu Mircea Valeriu Diaconescu 1980-1990

Nașteri în 1909
Nașteri pe 4 februarie
Decese în 1995
Decese pe 29 iunie
Folcloriști români
Muzicologi români
Pedagogi români

Gheorghe Ciobanu (etnomuzicolog)


Javier Marín Acatitla, apodado Manos Locas, es un pelotari mexicano. Durante el Campeonato del Mundo de Pelota Vasca de 1994 logró la medalla de plata en mano individual. Durante el Campeonato del Mundo de Pelota Vasca de 2002 ganó la medalla de plata en la especialidad de mano individual trinquete, junto a Heriberto López Molotla. Durante el Campeonato del Mundo de Pelota Vasca de 2006 logró la medalla de plata en mano individual.

Referencias
 Campeones mexicanos del 16º Campeonato Mundial de Pelota Vasca de 2006

Manistas
Pelotaris de México

Javier Marín Acatitla


Opt discipline (8D) pentru rezolvarea problemelor reprezintă metoda dezvoltată la Ford Motor Company folosită pentru abordarea și rezolvarea problemelor, utilizată de obicei de către ingineri sau alți profesioniști. Orientată spre îmbunătățirea produsului și procesului, scopul acesteia este de a identifica, corecta și elimina problemele recurente. Aceasta stabilește o acțiune corectivă permanentă pe baza analizei statistice a problemei prin determinarea cauzelor rădăcină. Deși inițial avea opt etape, sau 'discipline', aceasta i-a fost adăugată ulterior o etapă inițială de planificare. 8D urmează logica ciclului PDCA. Disciplinele sunt:

D0: Pregătire și acțiuni în situații de urgență: Planifică rezolvarea problemei și determină necesitățile preliminare. Asigură acțiuni în situațiile de urgență
D1: Folosește o echipă: Stabilește o echipă de oameni care cunosc produsul/ procesul.
D2: Descrie problema: Specifică problema prin identificarea în termeni cuantificabili, cine, ce, unde, când, de ce, cum și cât de mult (5W2H), în legătură cu problema.
D3: Elaborează planul intermediar de izolare: Definește și implementează acțiuni de izolare pentru a izola problema față de orice client.
D4: Determină și verifică cauzele rădăcină și scăpările: Identifică toate cauzele aplicabile care ar putea explica de ce a apărut problema. De asemenea identifică de ce problema nu a fost observată în momentul apariției. Toate cauzele trebuie să fie verificate sau dovedite. Se poate folosi analiza 5 De ce sau diagrama Ishikawa pentru a corela cauza cu efectul sau problema identificată.
D5: Verifică corecțiile permanente (PC-uri) pentru Problemă și rezolvă problema pentru client: Folosind programele pre-producție, confirmă cantitativ că alegerea corecției va rezolva problema. (Verifică dacă corecția va rezolva într-adevăr problema.)
D6: Definește și implementează acțiuni corective: Definește și implementează cele mai bune acțiuni corective.
D7: Previne recurența / Probleme sistemice: Modifică sistemele de management, sistemele operaționale, practicile, și procedurile pentru a preveni reapariția acesteia probleme și problemelor similare.
D8: Felicită principalii contribuitori din echipa ta: Recunoaște eforturile colectivului echipei. Echipei trebuie să îi fie aduse mulțumiri formale din partea organizației.
8D a devenit metodă standard în industria auto, montaj, și alte industrii care necesită un proces amănunțit și structurat pentru rezolvarea problemelor folosind o abordare de echipă.

Instrumente pentru rezolvarea problemelor

Următoarele instrumente pot fi folosite în 8D:
 Diagrama Ishikawa cunoscută și ca diagrama cauză-efect sau os de pește
 Diagrama Pareto
 5 De ce
 5W și 2H (cine, ce, unde, când, de ce, cum, cât sau cât de mult)
 Controlul statistic al proceselor
 Diagrama împrăștierii
 Proiectarea experimentelor
 Fișa de verificare
 Histogramă
 FMEA
 Diagrama flux sau harta proceselor

Vezi și
 Analiza modurilor de defectare și a efectelor lor
 Sistem de management al calității (QMS)

Referințe

Legături externe
Rezolvarea problemelor prin metoda 8D

Calitate

8D


Prima della pioggia - Sila in festa (en castellano: «Antes de la lluvia - Silas de fiesta») es un álbum en directo de varios intérpretes italianos, tales como el grupo Bandabardò, junto con la agrupación chilena invitada Inti-Illimani, la que vivió exiliada en Italia por muchos años durante la dictadura militar de su país.

Fue lanzado en Italia en 2002 y grabada durante la cuarta edición del festival Silainfesta, en beneficio de la campaña contra la desertificación en los países africanos llamada Prima della pioggia. La totalidad de lo recaudado por este álbum se destinó como ayuda directa de los países afectados.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Álbumes de 2002
Álbumes en vivo de varios artistas
Álbumes en vivo de Inti-Illimani

Prima della pioggia - Sila in festa


Batocerini é uma tribo de besouros chifre longo da subfamília Lamiinae .

Taxonomia
Os gêneros incluídos na tribo são:

 Abatocera
 Apriona
 Aprionella
 Batocera
 Doesburgia
 Megacriodes
 Microcriodes
 Mimapriona
 Mimobatocera
 Rosenbergia

Referências

Lamiinae

Batocerini


Le parc provincial Gooseberry Cove () est un parc provincial de la province de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador situé à environ  au sud de Placentia, sur la péninsule d'Avalon. Ce petit parc, d'une superficie de , est situé aux confins d'une petite baie faisant partie de la baie de Plaisance. Il est principalement constitué d'une petite plage.

Le parc constitue un endroit où il est possible de s'adonner notamment à l'observation de la nature, aux pique-niques et aux loisirs de plage.

Le parc provincial est accessible par la route 100, qui relie la région avec la route Transcanadienne.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Parcs provinciaux de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
 Parcs nationaux du Canada

Liens externes

 Gooseberry Cove Provincial Park - Parks NL, site web officiel du parc provincial Gooseberry Cove

Aire protégée créée en 1980
Parc provincial à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

Parc provincial Gooseberry Cove


بيرتي تشارلز فوربس  (ولد في 14 مايو 1880 - 6 مايو 1954) كان صحفي اسكتلندي ومؤلف ومؤسس مجلة فوربس.

ولد فوربس في نيو دير، أبردينشاير وبعد دراسته في جامعة دندي، عمل ككاتب تقارير ومحرر لجريدة دندي من عام 1897 إلى عام 1901 ثم انتقل إلى مدينة جوهانسبرغ في جنوب أفريقيا وأسس جريدة باسم ذا راند ديلي ميل. هاجر إلى مدينة نيويورك في الولايات المتحدة في عام 1904. وعمل عام 1911 كمحرر عمود مع هيرست. غادر هيرست بعد سنتين لينتقل إلى نيويورك أمريكان إلى عام 1916.

أنشأ مجلة فوربس في عام 1917 وبقي رئيس تحريرها إلى وفاته في مدينة نيويورك في عام 1954، وساعده بروس تشارز فوربز (1916 - 1964) ومالكولم فوربس ستيفنسون (1917 - 1990).

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أصحاب أعمال إسكتلنديون في القرن 20
إسكتلنديون
جنوب إفريقيون من أصل إسكتلندي
خريجو جامعة دندي
خريجو جامعة سانت أندروز
صحفيون أمريكيون
صحفيون إسكتلنديون
كتاب أعمال تجارية أمريكيون
كتاب أعمال تجارية بريطانيون
كتاب عمود أمريكيون
كتاب عمود إسكتلنديون
كتاب غير روائيين إسكتلنديون
كتاب ماليون أمريكيون
كتاب من مدينة نيويورك
محررو مجلات أمريكيون
محررو مجلات إسكتلنديون
مهاجرون إسكتلنديون إلى الولايات المتحدة
مواليد 1880
مؤسسو شركات أمريكيون
ناشرو مجلات أمريكيون
ناشرو مجلات إسكتلنديون
وفيات 1954
وفيات في نيويورك
أشخاص من بوشان
صحفيو أعمال ومالية بريطانيون

بيرتي تشارلز فوربس


In England, the offices of mayor and lord mayor have long been ceremonial posts, with few or no duties attached to them. In recent years they have doubled as more influential political roles while retaining the ceremonial functions. A mayor's term of office denotes the municipal year.

Traditionally mayors and provosts have been elected by town, borough and city councils. Since 2000, several districts now have directly elected mayors with extensive powers. The role of the chair of a district council is exactly the same as the mayor of a borough council; they have the same status as first citizen, after the Sovereign, in their district, but they are not addressed as mayor.

Election
In England, where a borough or a city is a local government district or a civil parish, the mayor is elected annually by the council from their number and chairs meetings of the council with a casting vote. Where the mayoralty used to be associated with a local government district but that district has been abolished, charter trustees may be set up to provide continuity until a parish council may be set up. Where a parish council (whether the successor of a former borough or not) has resolved to style itself a town council, then its chair is entitled to the designation of town mayor, though in practice, the word "town" is often dropped.

Lord mayors

The right to appoint a lord mayor is a rare honour, even less frequently bestowed than city status.

Currently, 23 cities in England have lord mayors:
 Birmingham
 Bradford
 Bristol
 Canterbury
 Chester
 Coventry
 Exeter
 Kingston upon Hull
 Leeds
 Leicester
 Liverpool
 London
 Manchester
 Newcastle upon Tyne
 Norwich
 Nottingham
 Oxford
 Plymouth
 Portsmouth
 Sheffield
 Stoke-on-Trent
 City of Westminster
 York

In May 2022, Southampton was added to the list.

Honorifics
The Lord Mayors of London and York are styled The Right Honourable. All other Lord Mayors, as well as the Mayors of cities and the original Cinque Ports (Sandwich, Hythe, Dover, Romney and Hastings), are styled The Right Worshipful. (Bristol styles its lord mayor "Right Honourable" instead, but this usage is without official sanction.) All other Mayors are styled The Worshipful, though this is in practice seldom used for a Town Mayor. These honorific styles are used only before the Mayoral title and not before the name, and are not retained after the term of office.

A mayor can also be styled Mr Mayor and usually appoints a consort, usually a spouse, other family member or fellow councillor. In England (and the Commonwealth) the designated female consort of a mayor is usually styled Mayoress or occasionally Mrs Mayor and accompanies the mayor to civic functions. A female mayor is also called mayor, not, as sometimes erroneously called, "Lady Mayoress". A mayoress or Lady Mayoress is a female consort of a mayor or Lord Mayor; a male consort of a mayor or Lord Mayor is a Mayor's Consort or Lord Mayor's Consort.

See also
Local government in England
Municipal year
Lord Mayor of London
Combined Authority

References

External links
BBC article
New Local Government Network
English city and regional mayors 2017

Local government in the United Kingdom
Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom

Mayors in England


En la mitología griega, Polifonte o Polifontes (en griego antiguo Πολυφόντης, Polyphóntês) puede designar a:

 Polifonte, hijo de Autófono, o Licofonte, héroe tebano.
 Polifonte, en la obra de Esquilo Los siete contra Tebas, uno de los defensores tebanos que se enfrentó a los campeones argivos a las puertas de la ciudad. Hizo frente a Capaneo en la Puerta Electrida.
 Polifonte, uno de los Heráclidas, rey de Mesenia.
Polifonte, hija de Hipónoo y de Trasa, era una de las vírgenes del séquito de Artemisa.
Polifonte, palafrenero de Layo.

Referencias

 Antonino Liberal, Metamorfosis XXI.

Polifonte


Barn af fede tider! - ud af niende - og hvad så? er en dokumentarfilm fra 1981 af ukendt instruktør.

Handling
En skildring af tre unge kvinders forventninger til uddannelse og arbejde på baggrund af deres køn og deres forskellige placering i samfundet: gymnasieelev, EFG-lærling og ufaglært ekspedient. Desuden spiller også deres forskellige opvækstbetingelser ind.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1981

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark


كأس الرابطة الفرنسية  والمعروفة باسم كأس الدوري هي بطولة كرة قدم فرنسية تأسست في سنة 1994 تحت رعاية رابطة كرة القدم المحترفة.

وخلافاً لكأس فرنسا، كانت المشاركة في هذه البطولة مقتصرة على الأندية المحترفة التي كانت تلعب في أفضل ثلاثة دوريات محترفة في فرنسا (الدرجة الأولى والدرجة الثانية والدرجة الوطنية)؛ على الرغم من أن الثالثة ليست احترافية بالكامل. وكانت تلعب البطولة بنظام إخراج المغلوب من مباراة واحدة. الفائز بالبطولة يتأهل للمشاركة في بطولة دوري أوروبا كما يحدث في بطولة كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية المحترفة. على عكس بطولة كأس فرنسا التي ينظمها اتحاد فرنسا لكرة القدم فإن بطولة كأس الدوري ينظمها رابطة كرة القدم المحترفة، ولهذا فإن جميع الأندية المنضوية تحت لواء رابطة كرة القدم المحترفة كانت تستطيع المشاركة في هذه البطولة.

نسخة عام 2020 كانت هي الأخيرة من كأس الرابطة الفرنسية، إذ تقرر تعليقها انطلاقاً من موسم 2020-21 من أجل «تقليص مباريات الموسم» في فرنسا. يعتبر نادي باريس سان جيرمان هو أنجح الفرق بعدما حاز برصيده تسعة ألقاب ممتلكاً بذلك الرقم القياسي في المسابقة، وهو كذلك أخر نادي فاز باللقب في موسم 2019-20 بعدما فاز على نادي أولمبيك ليون بركلات الترجيح 6-5، بعد تعادلهما سلبا في الوقتين الأصلي والإضافي.

في نهاية موسم 2019-20 قررت رابطة كرة القدم المحترفة إيقاف المسابقة انطلاقاً من موسم 2020-21 من أجل «تقليص مباريات الموسم» في فرنسا.

التاريخ
حتى سنة 1994 كان بطولة كأس الدوري بطولة صيفية تشارك فيها الأندية من أجل تجربة اللاعبين والخطط التدريبية. البطولة بنظامها القديم كانت موجودة من أجل ملء الفراغ الكبير بين نهاية موسم سابق وبداية موسم قادم. العديد من الأندية الكبيرة لا ترغب في المشاركة في هذه البطولة بل تسمح للفريق الرديف للمشاركة. من 1950 إلى 1960 كانت الأندية التي تخرج من بطولة كأس فرنسا تشارك في بطولة كأس دراغو  ولكن هذه البطولة الأخيرة لا تمت بأي صلة ببطولة كأس الدوري التي بدأت سنة 1994. تم تنظيم بطولة كأس الدوري بنظامها الحالي مرتين في الستينات حيث حققها نادي ستراسبورغ سنة 1964 ونادي نانت سنة 1965.

منذ سنة 1994 فإن أندية الدرجات الأولى، الثانية، والوطنية تتنافس في هذه البطولة. من سنة 1995 إلى سنة 1997 كانت المباراة النهائية تقام على ملعب حديقة الأمراء ولكن اعتبارا من سنة 1998 فإن المباراة النهائية أصبحت تقام في ملعب فرنسا. نادي موناكو أول نادي حقق الكأس الجديدة للبطولة التي صممها بابلو رينوسو عندما تغلب على نادي سوشو 4/1 في 17 مايو 2003.

قرر رئيس رابطة كرة القدم المحترفة إحداث تغيير في طريقة لعب البطولة اعتبارا من موسم 2006/2007 حسب التالي: تبدأ البطولة في أغسطس أو سبتمبر وتنتهي في أبريل. وأصبحت القرعة عشوائية، بالإضافة إلى مشاركة النادي الفائز باللقب مباشرة في الدور الأول من بطولة دوري أبطال أوروبا معفية من المشاركة في الأدوار التمهيدية وتشارك اعتبارا من الدور الثمن النهائي. أدت هذه التغييرات إلى ردود فعل منزعجة من الأندية الصغيرة حيث شعرت بأن هذا التغيير لصالح الأندية الكبيرة. في أول موسم يتم تطبيق فيه هذه التغييرات يصل نادي بوردو ونادي ليون إلى المباراة النهائية وهما النأديان المعفيان من المشاركة في الأدوار الأولى.

حدث خلاف كبير في نهاية موسم 2008/2009 حيث قررت رابطة أندية كرة القدم المحترفة دراسة مقترح بعدم تأهل صاحب المركز الأول في البطولة إلى بطولة دوري أوروبا في الموسم التالي ولكن التلفزيون الفرنسي قرر توجيه رسالة تهديد جدي إليهم بأنه لن يقوم بشراء حقوق النقل التلفزيونية للبطولة. من جهة أخرى تبحث الرابطة عن راعي آخر لنقل أحداث البطولة في حال فشل الاتفاق مع التلفزيون الفرنسي. القرار النهائي بشأن هذا الموضوع سيعلن في يونيو 2009. مجددا تقرر إجراء تغيير على نظام البطولة بإراحة الأندية التي تحتل المراكز الست الأولى في بطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى في الموسم السابق من المشاركة في الأدوار الأولى والمشاركة اعتبارا من الدور الثمن النهائي في شهر سبتمبر. هذه التغييرات سيتم تطبيقها من موسم 2009/2010 إلى موسم 2011/2012.

في نهاية موسم 2019-20 قررت رابطة كرة القدم المحترفة إيقاف المسابقة انطلاقاً من موسم 2020-21 من أجل «تقليص مباريات الموسم» في فرنسا.

الكأس

الأرقام القياسية
 أكثر الفرق تحقيقاً للقب: هو نادي باريس سان جيرمان (9 ألقاب)
 أكثر الفرق تحقيقاً للوصافة: هو نادي باريس سان جيرمان (11 مرة)
 أكثر الفرق لعباً للمباراة النهائية: هو نادي باريس سان جيرمان (11 مرة)
 الهداف التاريخي للبطولة: هو الأوروغواياني إدينسون كافاني والبرتغالي باوليتا (15 هدفاً).
 أكثر من سجل في مباراة واحدة: هو الفرنسي ستيفان غيفارش (7 أهداف في موسم 1997-98)

سجل الأبطال

سجل المباريات النهائية

العلامات

المصادر

أحداث رياضية دورية أسست في 1994
أحداث رياضية دورية انحلت في 2020
أحداث رياضية دورية انحلت في القرن 21
انحلالات سنة 2020 في فرنسا
بطولات كرة قدم فرنسية
تأسيسات سنة 1994 في فرنسا
منافسات كرة قدم سابقة في فرنسا
منافسات كؤوس كرة قدم سابقة

كأس الرابطة الفرنسية


Sir Martyn Poliakoff CBE CChem FRS FREng FRSC FIChemE (født 16. december 1947) er en britisk kemiker, der arbejder med fundamental kemi og udvikling af miljøvenlige processer og materialer. Hans forskning har især omhandlet i superkritiske væsker, infrarød spektrometri og lasere. Han er forskningsprofessor i kemi på University of Nottingham. Hans gruppe består af adskillig ansatte, postdoc'er, ph.d. og udenlandske besøgende. Udover at forske på universitetet i Nottingham er han en populær forelæser, og han underviser i flere kurser bl.a. grøn kemi. Han er også kendt for sin rolle i The Periodic Table of Videos.

Referencer

Kemikere fra Storbritannien
Professorer fra Storbritannien
Briter i 1900-tallet
Briter i 2000-tallet
Personer fra London

Martyn Poliakoff


مارتينا مولر  (11 أكتوبر 1982)، لاعبة تنس محترفة سابقة من ألمانيا. فازت بلقب فردي ولقب زوجي واحد في جولة اتحاد لاعبات التنس المحترفات.

روابط إضافية
 Martina Müller the official website of Martina Müller

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

لاعبات كرة مضرب ألمانيات
مواليد 1982
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من هانوفر
أعلام كرة مضرب من سكسونيا السفلى

مارتينا مولر (لاعبة كرة مضرب)


Willibert Brockmann (* 13. Juni 1925 in Verden (Aller); † 5. April 1986 in Bremen) war ein deutscher Politiker (SPD) aus Bremen. Er war Mitglied der Bremischen Bürgerschaft.

Biografie

Ausbildung und Beruf
Brockmann war als Betreuer für gewerbliche Arbeitnehmer in Bremen tätig.

Politik
Brockmann war Mitglied der SPD in Bremen.

Er war von 1971 bis 1983 für die SPD 12 Jahre lang Mitglied der Bremischen Bürgerschaft und in verschiedenen Deputationen und Ausschüssen der Bürgerschaft tätig.

Quellen
 Norbert Korfmacher: Mitgliederverzeichnis der Bremischen Bürgerschaft 1946 bis 1996 (= Kommunalpolitik. Bd. 1). Lit, Münster 1997, ISBN 3-8258-3212-0.

Mitglied der Bremischen Bürgerschaft (ab 1945)
SPD-Mitglied
Deutscher
Mann
Geboren 1925
Gestorben 1986

Willibert Brockmann