Laura Kanor (født 16. juni 1997) er en fransk håndboldspiller, som spiller i Metz Handball.
Hun er tvillingesøster til den franske landsholdspiller Orlane Kanor, der spiller i samme klub.

Referencer

Håndboldspillere fra Frankrig
Håndboldspillere fra Metz Handball

Laura Kanor


නිරය හෙවත් නරකය සඳහා පරමත්ථජෝතිකාව නම් විනය අටුවාවේ විස්තර කර ඇත්තේ සතුට හෝ සැපත මුළුමනින් ම තොර වූ ස්ථානය යනුවෙනි. වැරැදි කරන්නවුන් මරණයෙන් පසු ඔවුන්ගේ පාපකාරී ක්‍රියා නිසා නැවත උපදින අපාය භූමිවලින් එකක් වන්නේ නිරය යි.

ඒ ඒ පුද්ගලයා විසින් කරන ලද පව්කම්වල ප්‍රමාණය හා ඒවායේ විපාක දීමේ ශක්තිය අනුව නිරයට වැටෙන ඇතැම්හු ඉතා සුළු කාලයක් ද, ඇතැම්හු ගණනය කළ නොහැකි තරම් දිගු කාලයක් ද නිරයෙහි දුක් විඳිති. මේ සඳහා හොඳ උදාහරණයක් ලෙස දෙව්දත් තෙරණුවන් පෙන්වා දිය හැකි ය. උන් වහන්සේ බුදු රජාණන් වහන්සේට ද, සංඝ සමාජයට ද එරෙහි ව යෑම හේතුවෙන් මරණින් මතු ඉතා දරුණු දුක් ලබා දෙන අවීචි මහා නරකයෙහි උපන් සැටිත්, පැවිදි ව සිට රැකි සීලාදි ගුණධර්මයන්ගේ යහපත් විපාක වශයෙන් ඉතා දීර්ඝ කාලයකට පසු අවීචි මහා නරකයෙන් මිදී අවුත් අනාගතයේදී සට්ඨිස්සර නම් පසේබුදුවරයකු වන බවත් සම්බුදු මුවින් ම ප්‍රකාශ කොට ඇත.

මහා නරක
නරකය තුල මහා නරක 8කි. මේ මහා නිරය අට නම්:

 සංජීවය
 කාළසුත්තය
 සංඝාතය
 රෞරවය
 මහාරෞරවය
 තාපය
 ප්‍රතාපය
 අවීචිය

ඔසුපත් නරක
මහා නරකයක් හතරෑස් ස්වරුපයක් ගන්නා අතර එක් නරකයට ඔසුපත් නරක නම් කුඩා නරකයෝ 16කි. ඒ අනුව අට මහා නරකයන් හැරුණු කොට තවත් ඔසුපත් නරක 128ක් පවතී.
ඔසුපත් නරක 128 නම්:

 අබ්බුද
 නිරබ්බුද
 අබබ
 අටට
 අහහ
 කුමුදු
 සෞගන්ධික
 උප්පල
 පුණ්ඩරික
 පදුම
 ඛාරෝදිකා
 සෝණඛාදක
 ගිප්ඣකාක
 සත්තිසුල
 බග්ගසීරු
 පහාස
 සිත්
 අඟුරුමැල
 දළකොහොල්මැළ
 පොකුරුපත්
 සාකුණික
 ඕරම්භීත
 අසීලෝම
 සත්තිලෝම
 උසුලෝම
 රථාවාරික
 සුවක
 ගාමකූට
 ගූථකූප
 මිල්හගබ්භ
 පාණහිංස
 කාකෝල
 වේලුනද
 සඤ්විච්චි
 මහාජාල
 ඒකකල්ප
 ද්විකල්ප
 තයෝකල්ප
 චතුකල්ප
 පඤ්ජකල්ප
 බාරසකල්ප
 තේරසකල්ප
 චුද්දකල්ප
 පඤ්වදසකල්ප
 සෝළසකල්ප
 අචිවන්ත වන්තර
 උච්චාරුල්හ
 ආරාමදුසක
 හිදග්ගි
 ගොමුත්තග්ගි
 තසිතග්ගි
 සයනග්ගි
 තෙලග්ගි
 නූට්ඨූභග්ගි
 පරභණ්ඩාහර
 විරහිතග්ගි
 කෝධග්ගි
 එරුසග්ගි
 විලසග්ගි
 උභතග්ගි
 තෙලහත
 ඝටිතග්ගි
 යක්ඛග්ගි
 මූසග්ගි
 නිවාරිතග්ගි
 උරචක්‍රමාලා
 සුමතාප
 නපුජග්ගි
 තිප්පා කටුකග්ගි
 කූක්කූටග්ගි
 ලාභූපක්කම
 කිලෙසග්ගි
 ඉන්ද්‍රිය අගුත්තද්වාර
 කුසග්ගි
 මංසපේශී
 සුනඛ
 කාලහත්ථි
 මහායන්ත
 සජෝති
 සංසවක
 අංගාර පබ්බත
 ථූසනදි
 කූටකාරි
 සීතනදි
 ගූථ
 කුක්කුල
 කුළුහිඹුල්වන
 අසිපත්‍රවන
 වේතරණි
 ලෝකුඹු
 අලුකුඹු
 කිහිරඟුරු
 රෝරුව
 ගොපාන
 පසුඝාත
 සීතතරච්ජි
 නිච්ජවි
 මංකුලිත්ථාකා
 ශකිලිනී
 අසීසක
 පරලාභ
 නච්චවාදක
 ඡකල්ප
 සප්ත කල්ප
 අට්ඨ කල්ප
 නව කල්ප
 දශ කල්ප
 ඒකාදශ කල්ප
 මුත්තකරිසග්ගි
 දුසමාලග්ගි
 අනුපට්ටිතග්ගි
 භූතග්ගි
 විපරිතග්ගි
 කුම්භග්ගි
 මහඟුලෝම
 දිට්ඨානුගතග්ගි
 හස්සාධිප්පාය
 පතිතාන දේහග්ගි
 උදුන්ජාරිකා
 මුප්පමුසලග්ගි
 පත්තග්ගි
 එලමූලග්ගි
 ජඩ්ඩිතග්ගි
 ඔසක්කතාප
 අපච්චවෙක්ඛිතග්ගි
 කුලදූසනග්ගි
 වෙරළ
 අයෝගුල

නිරයේ දුක්විඳින්නෝ සදාකාලිකවම එහි සිරවී නොසිටිති. සිය අකුසල කර්ම සියල්ලම දුක්විඳ ගෙවා අවසාන් වූ පසු ඔවුහු වෙනත් භවයක උපත ලබති.

නිරය

නිරය


රෝමයේ ශුද්ධවූ ක්ලෙමන්ට් ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙන, පළමුවන ක්ලෙමන්ට් පාප්වහන්සේ (; ග්‍රීක: ; මරණය 99), මුල් දිනයක සිට රෝමයේ රදගුරුතුමා ලෙසින් ලැයිස්තුගත කර තිබුනද, නිලය දැරුවේ 92 සිට එතුමාගේ මරණය සිදුවූ 99 දක්වාය.  සභාවේ පළමු අපෝස්තලික පිතෘවරයා ලෙසින් එතුමා සැලකෙයි.

ක්ලෙමන්ට් තුමාගේ ජීවිතය ගැන දන්නේ ස්වල්ප විස්තරයකි. ටර්ටලියන් ප්‍රකාර, ක්ලෙමන්ට්  තුමා අභිෂේක කරන ලද්දේ ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරු තුමා විසින් වන අතර, එතුමා,  පළමුවන සියවසෙහි අවසන් භාගයෙහිදී රෝමයේ සභාවෙහි ප්‍රමුඛ සාමාජිකයෙක්ව සිට ඇත.

ආශ්‍රිත

පළමුවන ක්ලෙමන්ට් පාප්වහන්සේ


Las enterotoxinas son el producto del metabolismo de ciertas cepas de células o bacilos que posee un grado de tóxico para el organismo humano; son proteínas de cadena simple no ramificada, generalmente compuestas por cantidades relativamente grandes de lisina, tirosina, ácido glutámico y ácido aspártico. Suele no ser termolábil, es decir resistente al calor, esto hace que muchas de las medidas higiénicas habituales no sean efectivas. Por regla general son causantes, en algunas ocasiones, de intoxicación alimentarias. Ejemplos de enterotoxinas son las denominadas enterotoxinas estafilocócicas (segregada por el Staphylococcus aureus), la enterotoxina colérica, enterotoxina de Clostridium perfringens. Su contaminación generalmente está asociada a ciertas partes del tracto gastrointestinal causando cólicos, gastroenteritis, diarreas, etc.

Véase también
 Enterotoxina resistente al calor producida por E. coli

Referencias

Véase también
 Citotoxinas

Toxinas

Enterotoxina


The 102nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1991, to January 3, 1993, during the last two years of George H. W. Bush's presidency. This is the most recent Congress where Republicans held a Senate seat from California.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority.

Notable events

 January 17, 1991 – February 28, 1991: Persian Gulf War
 May 16, 1991: Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom addresses a Joint Meeting of Congress
 October 15, 1991: Confirmation of Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination at the Senate
 December 26, 1991: End of Cold War
 November 3, 1992: Election of Bill Clinton as President of the United States

Major legislation

 February 6, 1991: Agent Orange Act of 1991, ,
 November 21, 1991: Civil Rights Act of 1991, ,
 December 9, 1991: High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991,
 December 12, 1991: Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991, ,
 October 9, 1992: Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992, ,
 October 23, 1992: Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 ,
 October 23, 1992: Weapons of Mass Destruction Control Act,  (div. A, title XV),
 October 28, 1992: Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, ,
 October 28, 1992: Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, ,
 November 2, 1992: High Seas Driftnet Fisheries Enforcement Act of 1992, ,
 November 4, 1992: Abandoned Barge Act of 1992, ,

Constitutional amendments
  May 20, 1992: The House and the Senate each pass a concurrent resolution agreeing that the Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution was validly ratified, despite the unorthodox period of more than 202 years for the completion of the task.

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate
 President: Dan Quayle (R)
 President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership
 Majority Leader: George Mitchell
 Majority Whip: Wendell Ford
 Policy Committee Co-Chair: Harry Reid
 Democratic Caucus Secretary: David Pryor
 Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chuck Robb
 Chief Deputy Whip: Alan J. Dixon

Minority (Republican) leadership
 Minority Leader: Bob Dole
 Minority Whip: Alan Simpson
 Republican Conference Chairman: Thad Cochran
 Republican Conference Secretary: Bob Kasten
 National Senatorial Committee Chair: Phil Gramm
 Policy Committee Chairman: Don Nickles

House of Representatives
 Speaker: Tom Foley (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership
 Majority Leader: Dick Gephardt
 Majority Whip: William H. Gray III, until September 11, 1991
 David Bonior, from September 11, 1991
 Chief Deputy Majority Whips: Barbara Kennelly, Butler Derrick, & John Lewis
 Democratic Caucus Chairman: Steny Hoyer
 Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Vic Fazio

Minority (Republican) leadership
 Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
 Minority Whip: Newt Gingrich
 Chief Deputy Whip: Robert Smith Walker
 Republican Conference Chairman: Jerry Lewis
 Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Bill McCollum
 Republican Conference Secretary: Vin Weber
 Policy Committee Chairman: Mickey Edwards
 Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt

Caucuses
 Armenian Caucus
 Biomedical Research Caucus
 Congressional Arts Caucus
 Congressional Automotive Caucus
 Congressional Black Caucus
 Congressional Fire Services Caucus
 Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
 Congressional Hispanic Caucus
 Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
 Congressional Progressive Caucus
 Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
 Congressional Western Caucus
 Congresswomen's Caucus
 House Democratic Caucus
 Senate Democratic Caucus

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1992; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1994; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1996.

Alabama
 2. Howell Heflin (D)
 3. Richard Shelby (D)

Alaska
 2. Ted Stevens (R)
 3. Frank Murkowski (R)

Arizona
 1. Dennis DeConcini (D)
 3. John McCain (R)

Arkansas
 3. Dale Bumpers (D)
 2. David Pryor (D)

California
 1. Pete Wilson (R), until January 7, 1991
 John Seymour (R), from January 7, 1991, until November 4, 1992
 Dianne Feinstein (D), from November 4, 1992
 3. Alan Cranston (D)

Colorado
 2. Hank Brown (R)
 3. Tim Wirth (D)

Connecticut
 1. Joe Lieberman (D)
 3. Chris Dodd (D)

Delaware
 1. William Roth (R)
 2. Joe Biden (D)

Florida
 1. Connie Mack III (R)
 3. Bob Graham (D)

Georgia
 2. Sam Nunn (D)
 3. Wyche Fowler (D)

Hawaii
 1. Daniel Akaka (D)
 3. Daniel Inouye (D)

Idaho
 2. Larry Craig (R)
 3. Steve Symms (R)

Illinois
 2. Paul Simon (D)
 3. Alan J. Dixon (D)

Indiana
 1. Richard Lugar (R)
 3. Dan Coats (R)

Iowa
 2. Tom Harkin (D)
 3. Chuck Grassley (R)

Kansas
 2. Nancy Kassebaum (R)
 3. Bob Dole (R)

Kentucky
 2. Mitch McConnell (R)
 3. Wendell Ford (D)

Louisiana
 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D)
 3. John Breaux (D)

Maine
 1. George J. Mitchell (D)
 2. William Cohen (R)

Maryland
 1. Paul Sarbanes (D)
 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)

Massachusetts
 1. Ted Kennedy (D)
 2. John Kerry (D)

Michigan
 1. Donald Riegle (D)
 2. Carl Levin (D)

Minnesota
 1. David Durenberger (R)
 2. Paul Wellstone (DFL)

Mississippi
 1. Trent Lott (R)
 2. Thad Cochran (R)

Missouri
 1. John Danforth (R)
 3. Kit Bond (R)

Montana
 1. Conrad Burns (R)
 2. Max Baucus (D)

Nebraska
 1. Bob Kerrey (D)
 2. Jim Exon (D)

Nevada
 1. Richard Bryan (D)
 3. Harry Reid (D)

New Hampshire
 2. Bob Smith (R)
 3. Warren Rudman (R)

New Jersey
 1. Frank Lautenberg (D)
 2. Bill Bradley (D)

New Mexico
 1. Jeff Bingaman (D)
 2. Pete Domenici (R)

New York
 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D)
 3. Al D'Amato (R)

North Carolina
 2. Jesse Helms (R)
 3. Terry Sanford (D)

North Dakota
 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL), until September 8, 1992
 Jocelyn Burdick (D-NPL), from September 12, 1992, until December 14, 1992
 Kent Conrad (D-NPL), from December 14, 1992
 3. Kent Conrad (D-NPL), until December 14, 1992
 Byron Dorgan (D-NPL), from December 15, 1992

Ohio
 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D)
 3. John Glenn (D)

Oklahoma
 2. David Boren (D)
 3. Don Nickles (R)

Oregon
 2. Mark Hatfield (R)
 3. Bob Packwood (R)

Pennsylvania
 1. John Heinz (R), until April 4, 1991
 Harris Wofford (D), from May 9, 1991
 3. Arlen Specter (R)

Rhode Island
 1. John Chafee (R)
 2. Claiborne Pell (D)

South Carolina
 2. Strom Thurmond (R)
 3. Fritz Hollings (D)

South Dakota
 2. Larry Pressler (R)
 3. Tom Daschle (D)

Tennessee
 1. Jim Sasser (D)
 2. Al Gore (D), until January 2, 1993
 Harlan Mathews (D), from January 2, 1993

Texas
 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D)
 2. Phil Gramm (R)

Utah
 1. Orrin Hatch (R)
 3. Jake Garn (R)

Vermont
 1. Jim Jeffords (R)
 3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia
 1. Chuck Robb (D)
 2. John Warner (R)

Washington
 1. Slade Gorton (R)
 3. Brock Adams (D)

West Virginia
 1. Robert Byrd (D)
 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)

Wisconsin
 1. Herb Kohl (D)
 3. Bob Kasten (R)

Wyoming
 1. Malcolm Wallop (R)
 2. Alan Simpson (R)

House of Representatives

Alabama
(5-2 Democratic)
 . Sonny Callahan (R)
 . William Louis Dickinson (R)
 . Glen Browder (D)
 . Tom Bevill (D)
 . Robert E. Cramer (D)
 . Ben Erdreich (D)
 . Claude Harris Jr. (D)

Alaska
(1 Republican)
  Don Young (R)

Arizona
(4-1 Republican)
 . John Jacob Rhodes III (R)
 . Mo Udall (D), until May 4, 1991 (resigned due to illness)
 Ed Pastor (D), from October 3, 1991
 . Bob Stump (R)
 . Jon Kyl (R)
 . Jim Kolbe (R)

Arkansas
(3-1 Democratic)
 . William Vollie Alexander Jr. (D)
 . Ray Thornton (D)
 . John Paul Hammerschmidt (R)
 . Beryl Anthony Jr. (D)

California
(26-19 Democratic)
 . Frank Riggs (R)
 . Wally Herger (R)
 . Bob Matsui (D)
 . Vic Fazio (D)
 . Nancy Pelosi (D)
 . Barbara Boxer (D)
 . George Miller (D)
 . Ron Dellums (D)
 . Pete Stark (D)
 . Don Edwards (D)
 . Tom Lantos (D)
 . Tom Campbell (R)
 . Norman Mineta (D)
 . John Doolittle (R)
 . Gary Condit (D)
 . Leon Panetta (D)
 . Cal Dooley (D)
 . Richard H. Lehman (D)
 . Robert J. Lagomarsino (R)
 . Bill Thomas (R)
 . Elton Gallegly (R)
 . Carlos Moorhead (R)
 . Anthony Beilenson (D)
 . Henry Waxman (D)
 . Edward R. Roybal (D)
 . Howard Berman (D)
 . Mel Levine (D)
 . Julian Dixon (D)
 . Maxine Waters (D)
 . Matthew G. Martínez (D)
 . Mervyn Dymally (D)
 . Glenn M. Anderson (D)
 . David Dreier (R)
 . Esteban Edward Torres (D)
 . Jerry Lewis (R)
 . George Brown Jr. (D)
 . Al McCandless (R)
 . Bob Dornan (R)
 . William E. Dannemeyer (R)
 . Christopher Cox (R)
 . Bill Lowery (R)
 . Dana Rohrabacher (R)
 . Ron Packard (R)
 . Duke Cunningham (R)
 . Duncan L. Hunter (R)

Colorado
(3-3 split)
 . Pat Schroeder (D)
 . David Skaggs (D)
 . Ben Nighthorse Campbell (D)
 . Wayne Allard (R)
 . Joel Hefley (R)
 . Dan Schaefer (R)

Connecticut
(3-3 split)
 . Barbara B. Kennelly (D)
 . Sam Gejdenson (D)
 . Rosa DeLauro (D)
 . Chris Shays (R)
 . Gary Franks (R)
 . Nancy Johnson (R)

Delaware
(1 Democrat)
  Tom Carper (D)

Florida
(10-9 Republican)
 . Earl Hutto (D)
 . Pete Peterson (D)
 . Charles E. Bennett (D)
 . Craig James (R)
 . Bill McCollum (R)
 . Cliff Stearns (R)
 . Sam Gibbons (D)
 . Bill Young (R)
 . Michael Bilirakis (R)
 . Andy Ireland (R)
 . Jim Bacchus (D)
 . Tom Lewis (R)
 . Porter Goss (R)
 . Harry Johnston (D)
 . Clay Shaw (R)
 . Lawrence J. Smith (D)
 . William Lehman (D)
 . Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R)
 . Dante Fascell (D)

Georgia
(9-1 Democratic)
 . Lindsay Thomas (D)
 . Charles Floyd Hatcher (D)
 . Richard Ray (D)
 . Ben Jones (D)
 . John Lewis (D)
 . Newt Gingrich (R)
 . George Darden (D)
 . J. Roy Rowland (D)
 . Ed Jenkins (D)
 . Doug Barnard Jr. (D)

Hawaii
(2 Democrats)
 . Neil Abercrombie (D)
 . Patsy Mink (D)

Idaho
(2 Democrats)
 . Larry LaRocco (D)
 . Richard H. Stallings (D)

Illinois
(15-7 Democratic)
 . Charles Hayes (D)
 . Gus Savage (D)
 . Marty Russo (D)
 . George E. Sangmeister (D)
 . Bill Lipinski (D)
 . Henry Hyde (R)
 . Cardiss Collins (D)
 . Dan Rostenkowski (D)
 . Sidney R. Yates (D)
 . John Porter (R)
 . Frank Annunzio (D)
 . Phil Crane (R)
 . Harris W. Fawell (R)
 . Dennis Hastert (R)
 . Edward Rell Madigan (R), until March 8, 1991
 Thomas W. Ewing (R), from July 2, 1991
 . John W. Cox Jr. (D)
 . Lane Evans (D)
 . Robert H. Michel (R)
 . Terry L. Bruce (D)
 . Dick Durbin (D)
 . Jerry Costello (D)
 . Glenn Poshard (D)

Indiana
(8-2 Democratic)
 . Pete Visclosky (D)
 . Philip Sharp (D)
 . Tim Roemer (D)
 . Jill L. Long (D)
 . Jim Jontz (D)
 . Dan Burton (R)
 . John T. Myers (R)
 . Frank McCloskey (D)
 . Lee H. Hamilton (D)
 . Andrew Jacobs Jr. (D)

Iowa
(4-2 Republican)
 . Jim Leach (R)
 . Jim Nussle (R)
 . David R. Nagle (D)
 . Neal Edward Smith (D)
 . Jim Ross Lightfoot (R)
 . Fred Grandy (R)

Kansas
(3-2 Republican)
 . Pat Roberts (R)
 . Jim Slattery (D)
 . Jan Meyers (R)
 . Dan Glickman (D)
 . Dick Nichols (R)

Kentucky
(4-3 Democratic)
 . Carroll Hubbard (D)
 . William Natcher (D)
 . Romano Mazzoli (D)
 . Jim Bunning (R)
 . Hal Rogers (R)
 . Larry J. Hopkins (R)
 . Chris Perkins (D)

Louisiana
(4-4 split)
 . Bob Livingston (R)
 . William J. Jefferson (D)
 . Billy Tauzin (D)
 . Jim McCrery (R)
 . Jerry Huckaby (D)
 . Richard Baker (R)
 . Jimmy Hayes (D)
 . Clyde C. Holloway (R)

Maine
(1-1 split)
 . Thomas Andrews (D)
 . Olympia Snowe (R)

Maryland
(5-3 Democratic)
 . Wayne Gilchrest (R)
 . Helen Delich Bentley (R)
 . Ben Cardin (D)
 . Tom McMillen (D)
 . Steny Hoyer (D)
 . Beverly Byron (D)
 . Kweisi Mfume (D)
 . Connie Morella (R)

Massachusetts
(10-1 Democratic)
 . Silvio O. Conte (R), until February 8, 1991
 John Olver (D), from June 18, 1991
 . Richard Neal (D)
 . Joseph D. Early (D)
 . Barney Frank (D)
 . Chester G. Atkins (D)
 . Nicholas Mavroules (D)
 . Ed Markey (D)
 . Joseph P. Kennedy II (D)
 . Joe Moakley (D)
 . Gerry Studds (D)
 . Brian J. Donnelly (D)

Michigan
(11-7  Democratic)
 . John Conyers (D)
 . Carl Pursell (R)
 . Howard Wolpe (D)
 . Fred Upton (R)
 . Paul B. Henry (R)
 . Milton Robert Carr (D)
 . Dale Kildee (D)
 . Bob Traxler (D)
 . Guy Vander Jagt (R)
 . Dave Camp (R)
 . Robert William Davis (R)
 . David Bonior (D)
 . Barbara-Rose Collins (D)
 . Dennis Hertel (D)
 . William D. Ford (D)
 . John Dingell (D)
 . Sander Levin (D)
 . William Broomfield (R)

Minnesota
(6-2 Democratic)
 . Tim Penny (DFL)
 . Vin Weber (R)
 . Jim Ramstad (R)
 . Bruce Vento (DFL)
 . Martin Olav Sabo (DFL)
 . Gerry Sikorski (DFL)
 . Collin Peterson (DFL)
 . Jim Oberstar (DFL)

Mississippi
(5 Democrats)
 . Jamie Whitten (D)
 . Mike Espy (D)
 . Sonny Montgomery (D)
 . Michael Parker (D)
 . Gene Taylor (D)

Missouri
(6-3 Democratic)
 . Bill Clay (D)
 . Joan Kelly Horn (D)
 . Dick Gephardt (D)
 . Ike Skelton (D)
 . Alan Wheat (D)
 . Tom Coleman (R)
 . Mel Hancock (R)
 . Bill Emerson (R)
 . Harold Volkmer (D)

Montana
(1-1 split)
 . Pat Williams (D)
 . Ron Marlenee (R)

Nebraska
(2-1 Republican)
 . Doug Bereuter (R)
 . Peter Hoagland (D)
 . Bill Barrett (R)

Nevada
(1-1 split)
 . James Bilbray (D)
 . Barbara Vucanovich (R)

New Hampshire
(1-1 split)
 . Bill Zeliff (R)
 . Dick Swett (D)

New Jersey
(8-6 Democratic)
 . Rob Andrews (D)
 . William J. Hughes (D)
 . Frank Pallone (D)
 . Chris Smith (R)
 . Marge Roukema (R)
 . Bernard J. Dwyer (D)
 . Matthew John Rinaldo (R)
 . Robert A. Roe (D)
 . Robert Torricelli (D)
 . Donald M. Payne (D)
 . Dean Gallo (R)
 . Dick Zimmer (R)
 . Jim Saxton (R)
 . Frank Joseph Guarini (D)

New Mexico
(2-1 Republican)
 . Steven Schiff (R)
 . Joe Skeen (R)
 . Bill Richardson (D)

New York
(21-13 Democratic)
 . George J. Hochbrueckner (D)
 . Thomas Downey (D)
 . Robert J. Mrazek (D)
 . Norman F. Lent (R)
 . Raymond J. McGrath (R)
 . Floyd Flake (D)
 . Gary Ackerman (D)
 . James H. Scheuer (D)
 . Thomas J. Manton (D)
 . Chuck Schumer (D)
 . Edolphus Towns (D)
 . Major Owens (D)
 . Stephen Solarz (D)
 . Susan Molinari (R)
 . Bill Green (R)
 . Charles Rangel (D)
 . Theodore S. Weiss (D), until September 14, 1992
 Jerry Nadler (D), from November 3, 1992
 . José E. Serrano (D)
 . Eliot Engel (D)
 . Nita Lowey (D)
 . Hamilton Fish IV (R)
 . Benjamin Gilman (R)
 . Michael R. McNulty (D)
 . Gerald Solomon (R)
 . Sherwood Boehlert (R)
 . David O'Brien Martin (R)
 . James T. Walsh (R)
 . Matthew F. McHugh (D)
 . Frank Horton (R)
 . Louise Slaughter (D)
 . Bill Paxon (R)
 . John J. LaFalce (D)
 . Henry J. Nowak (D)
 . Amo Houghton (R)

North Carolina
(7-4 Democratic)
 . Walter B. Jones Sr. (D), until September 15, 1992
 Eva Clayton (D), from November 3, 1992
 . Tim Valentine (D)
 . Martin Lancaster (D)
 . David Price (D)
 . Stephen L. Neal (D)
 . Howard Coble (R)
 . Charlie Rose (D)
 . Bill Hefner (D)
 . Alex McMillan (R)
 . Cass Ballenger (R)
 . Charles H. Taylor (R)

North Dakota
(1 Democrat)
  Byron Dorgan (D-NPL), until December 14, 1992

Ohio
(11-10 Democratic)
 . Charlie Luken (D)
 . Bill Gradison (R)
 . Tony P. Hall (D)
 . Mike Oxley (R)
 . Paul Gillmor (R)
 . Bob McEwen (R)
 . Dave Hobson (R)
 . John Boehner (R)
 . Marcy Kaptur (D)
 . Clarence E. Miller (R)
 . Dennis E. Eckart (D)
 . John Kasich (R)
 . Donald J. Pease (D)
 . Thomas C. Sawyer (D)
 . Chalmers Wylie (R)
 . Ralph Regula (R)
 . James Traficant (D)
 . Douglas Applegate (D)
 . Ed Feighan (D)
 . Mary Rose Oakar (D)
 . Louis Stokes (D)

Oklahoma
(4-2 Democratic)
 . Jim Inhofe (R)
 . Mike Synar (D)
 . William K. Brewster (D)
 . Dave McCurdy (D)
 . Mickey Edwards (R)
 . Glenn English (D)

Oregon
(4-1 Democratic)
 . Les AuCoin (D)
 . Robert Freeman Smith (R)
 . Ron Wyden (D)
 . Peter DeFazio (D)
 . Michael J. Kopetski (D)

Pennsylvania
(12-11 Republican)
 . Thomas M. Foglietta (D)
 . William H. Gray III (D), until September 11, 1991
 Lucien Blackwell (D), from November 5, 1991
 . Robert A. Borski Jr. (D)
 . Joe Kolter (D)
 . Richard T. Schulze (R)
 . Gus Yatron (D)
 . Curt Weldon (R)
 . Peter H. Kostmayer (D)
 . Bud Shuster (R)
 . Joseph M. McDade (R)
 . Paul Kanjorski (D)
 . John Murtha (D)
 . Lawrence Coughlin (R)
 . William J. Coyne (D)
 . Donald L. Ritter (R)
 . Robert Smith Walker (R)
 . George Gekas (R)
 . Rick Santorum (R)
 . William F. Goodling (R)
 . Joseph M. Gaydos (D)
 . Tom Ridge (R)
 . Austin Murphy (D)
 . William F. Clinger Jr. (R)

Rhode Island
(1-1 split)
 . Ronald Machtley (R)
 . Jack Reed (D)

South Carolina
(4-2 Democratic)
 . Arthur Ravenel Jr. (R)
 . Floyd Spence (R)
 . Butler Derrick (D)
 . Liz J. Patterson (D)
 . John Spratt (D)
 . Robin Tallon (D)

South Dakota
(1 Democrat)
  Tim Johnson (D)

Tennessee
(6-3 Democratic)
 . Jimmy Quillen (R)
 . Jimmy Duncan (R)
 . Marilyn Lloyd (D)
 . Jim Cooper (D)
 . Bob Clement (D)
 . Bart Gordon (D)
 . Don Sundquist (R)
 . John S. Tanner (D)
 . Harold Ford Sr. (D)

Texas
(19-8 Democratic)
 . Jim Chapman (D)
 . Charlie Wilson (D)
 . Steve Bartlett (R), until March 11, 1991
 Sam Johnson (R), from May 8, 1991
 . Ralph Hall (D)
 . John Wiley Bryant (D)
 . Joe Barton (R)
 . Bill Archer (R)
 . Jack Fields (R)
 . Jack Brooks (D)
 . J. J. Pickle (D)
 . Chet Edwards (D)
 . Pete Geren (D)
 . Bill Sarpalius (D)
 . Greg Laughlin (D)
 . Kika de la Garza (D)
 . Ronald D. Coleman (D)
 . Charles Stenholm (D)
 . Craig Washington (D)
 . Larry Combest (R)
 . Henry B. González (D)
 . Lamar Smith (R)
 . Tom DeLay (R)
 . Albert Bustamante (D)
 . Martin Frost (D)
 . Michael A. Andrews (D)
 . Dick Armey (R)
 . Solomon P. Ortiz (D)

Utah
(2-1 Democratic)
 . James V. Hansen (R)
 . Wayne Owens (D)
 . Bill Orton (D)

Vermont
(1 Independent, caucusing with the Democrats)
  Bernie Sanders (I)

Virginia
(6-4 Democratic)
 . Herbert H. Bateman (R)
 . Owen B. Pickett (D)
 . Thomas J. Bliley Jr. (R)
 . Norman Sisisky (D)
 . Lewis F. Payne Jr. (D)
 . Jim Olin (D)
 . D. French Slaughter Jr. (R), until November 5, 1991
 George Allen (R), from November 5, 1991
 . Jim Moran (D)
 . Rick Boucher (D)
 . Frank Wolf (R)

Washington
(5-3 Democratic)
 . John Miller (R)
 . Al Swift (D)
 . Jolene Unsoeld (D)
 . Sid Morrison (R)
 . Tom Foley (D)
 . Norm Dicks (D)
 . Jim McDermott (D)
 . Rod Chandler (R)

West Virginia
(4 Democrats)
 . Alan Mollohan (D)
 . Harley O. Staggers Jr. (D)
 . Bob Wise (D)
 . Nick Rahall (D)

Wisconsin
(5-4 Republican)
 . Les Aspin (D)
 . Scott L. Klug (R)
 . Steve Gunderson (R)
 . Jerry Kleczka (D)
 . Jim Moody (D)
 . Tom Petri (R)
 . Dave Obey (D)
 . Toby Roth (R)
 . Jim Sensenbrenner (R)

Wyoming
(1 Republican)
  Craig L. Thomas (R)

Non-voting members
(3-1 Democratic)
 : Eni Faleomavaega (D)
 : Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)
 : Vicente T. Blaz (R)
 : Jaime Fuster (Resident Commissioner) (PPD), until March 4, 1992
 Antonio Colorado (PPD) from March 4, 1992
 : Ron de Lugo (D)

Changes in membership

Senate

|-
| California(1)
| nowrap  | Pete Wilson (R)
| Resigned January 7, 1991, after being elected Governor of California.As Governor, he appointed his successor.
| nowrap  | John Seymour (R)
| January 10, 1991

|-
| Pennsylvania(1)
| nowrap  | John Heinz (R)
| Died April 4, 1991.Successor was appointed May 9, 1991, to continue the term.Appointee was later elected to finish the term ending January 3, 1995.
| nowrap  | Harris Wofford (D)
| May 9, 1991

|-
| North Dakota(1)
| nowrap  | Quentin Burdick (D)
| Died September 8, 1992.His wife was appointed the same day to succeed him.
| nowrap  | Jocelyn Burdick (D)
| September 12, 1992

|-
| California(1)
| nowrap  | John Seymour (R)
| Interim appointee lost special election to finish the term.Successor elected on November 3, 1992 to finish the term ending January 3, 1995.
| nowrap  | Dianne Feinstein (D)
| November 10, 1992

|-
| North Dakota(1)
| nowrap  | Jocelyn Burdick (D)
| Interim appointee retired December 14, 1992.Her successor was chosen at a special election December 4, 1992 to finish the term ending January 3, 1995.
| nowrap  | Kent Conrad (D)
| December 14, 1992

|-
| North Dakota(3)
| nowrap  | Kent Conrad (D)
| Resigned December 14, 1992, to assume vacant Class 1 seat to which he was elected.His successor was appointed to assume the seat early, having already won election to the next term.
| nowrap  | Byron Dorgan (D)
| December 15, 1992

|-
| Tennessee(2)
| nowrap  | Al Gore (D)
| Resigned January 2, 1993, to become Vice President of the United States.His successor was appointed to finish the term.
| nowrap  | Harlan Mathews (D)
| January 2, 1993

|}

House of Representatives

|-
| Massachusetts's 1st
|  | Silvio O. Conte (R)
| Died February 11, 1991
|  | John Olver (D)
| June 18, 1991

|-
| Illinois's 15th
|  | Edward Rell Madigan (R)
| Resigned March 8, 1991, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
|  | Thomas W. Ewing (R)
| July 2, 1991

|-
| Texas's 3rd
|  | Steve Bartlett (R)
| Resigned March 11, 1991, after being elected Mayor of Dallas
|  | Sam Johnson (R)
| May 8, 1991

|-
| Arizona's 2nd
|  | Mo Udall (D)
| Resigned May 4, 1991, due to worsening Parkinson's disease
|  | Ed Pastor (D)
| October 3, 1991

|-
| Pennsylvania's 2nd
|  | William H. Gray III (D)
| Resigned September 11, 1991 to become President of the Negro College Fund
|  | Lucien Blackwell (D)
| November 5, 1991

|-
| Virginia's 7th
|  | D. French Slaughter Jr. (R)
| Resigned November 5, 1991 following a series of strokes
|  | George Allen (R)
| November 5, 1991

|-
| Puerto Rico's at-large
|  | Jaime Fuster (PD)
| Resigned March 4, 1992
|  | Antonio Colorado (PD)
| March 4, 1992

|-
| New York's 17th
|  | Theodore S. Weiss (D)
| Died September 14, 1992
|  | Jerry Nadler (D)
| November 3, 1992

|-
| North Carolina's 1st
|  | Walter B. Jones Sr. (D)
| Died September 15, 1992
|  | Eva Clayton (D)
| November 3, 1992

|-
| North Dakota's at-large
|  | Byron Dorgan (D)
| Resigned December 14, 1992, after being appointed US Senator
| Vacant
| Not filled this term

|}

Committees

Senate

 Aging (Special) (Chair: David Pryor; Ranking Member: William S. Cohen)
 Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Patrick Leahy; Ranking Member: Richard G. Lugar)
 Agricultural Credit (Chair: Kent Conrad; Ranking Member: Chuck Grassley)
 Agricultural Production and Stabilization of Prices (Chair: David Pryor; Ranking Member: Jesse Helms)
 Agricultural Research and General Legislation (Chair: Tom Daschle; Ranking Member: John Seymour)
 Conservation and Forestry (Chair: Wyche Fowler; Ranking Member: Larry E. Craig)
 Domestic and Foreign Marketing and Product Promotion (Chair: David L. Boren; Ranking Member: Thad Cochran)
 Nutrition and Investigations (Chair: Tom Harkin; Ranking Member: Mitch McConnell)
 Rural Development and Rural Electrification (Chair: Howell T. Heflin; Ranking Member: Thad Cochran)
 Appropriations (Chair: Robert Byrd; Ranking Member: Mark O. Hatfield)
 Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies (Chair: Quentin N. Burdick; Ranking Member: Thad Cochran)
 Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary (Chair: Ernest F. Hollings; Ranking Member: Warren Rudman)
 Defense (Chair: Daniel Inouye; Ranking Member: Ted Stevens)
 District of Columbia (Chair: Brock Adams; Ranking Member: Kit Bond)
 Energy and Water Development (Chair: J. Bennett Johnston; Ranking Member: Mark O. Hatfield)
 Foreign Operations (Chair: Patrick Leahy; Ranking Member: Bob Kasten)
 VA-HUD Independent Agencies (Chair: Barbara A. Mikulski; Ranking Member: Jake Garn)
 Interior and Related Agencies (Chair: Robert C. Byrd; Ranking Member: Don Nickles)
 Labor, Health, Human Services, Education and Related Agencies (Chair: Tom Harkin; Ranking Member: Arlen Specter)
 Legislative Branch (Chair: Harry Reid; Ranking Member: Slade Gorton)
 Military Construction (Chair: Jim Sasser; Ranking Member: Phil Gramm)
 Transportation and Related Agencies (Chair: Frank Lautenberg; Ranking Member: Al D'Amato)
 Treasury, Postal Service and General Government (Chair: Dennis DeConcini; Ranking Member: Pete Domenici)
 Armed Services (Chair: Sam Nunn; Ranking Member: John Warner)
 Strategic Forces and Nuclear Detterence (Chair: J. James Exon; Ranking Member: Strom Thurmond)
 Conventional Forces and Alliance Defense (Chair: Carl Levin; Ranking Member: Malcolm Wallop)
 Projection Forces and Regional Defense (Chair: Ted Kennedy; Ranking Member: William Cohen)
 Defense Industry and Technology (Chair: Jeff Bingaman; Ranking Member: Dan Coats)
 Readiness, Sustainability and Support (Chair: Alan J. Dixon; Ranking Member: Trent Lott)
 Manpower and Personnel (Chair: John Glenn; Ranking Member: John McCain)
 Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Donald W. Riegle Jr.; Ranking Member: Jake Garn)
 Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Alan Cranston; Ranking Member: Al D'Amato)
 International Finance and Monetary Policy (Chair: Paul Sarbanes; Ranking Member: Phil Gramm)
 Securities (Chair: Chris Dodd; Ranking Member: Nancy Kassebaum)
 Consumer and Regulatory Affairs (Chair: Alan J. Dixon; Ranking Member: Kit Bond)
 Budget (Chair: Jim Sasser; Ranking Member: Pete Domenici)
 Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: Ernest Hollings; Ranking Member: John C. Danforth)
 Aviation (Chair: Wendell H. Ford; Ranking Member: Bob Packwood)
 Communications (Chair: Daniel K. Inouye; Ranking Member: Bob Packwood)
 Consumer (Chair: Richard Bryan; Ranking Member: Slade Gorton)
 Foreign Commerce and Tourism (Chair: Jay Rockefeller; Ranking Member: Conrad Burns)
 Merchant Marine (Chair: John Breaux; Ranking Member: Trent Lott)
 Science, Technology and Space (Chair: Albert Gore; Ranking Member: Larry Pressler)
 Surface Transportation (Chair: J. James Exon; Ranking Member: Bob Kasten)
 National Ocean Policy Study (Chair: Ernest F. Hollings; Ranking Member: Ted Stevens)
 Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: J. Bennett Johnston; Ranking Member: Malcolm Wallop)
 Energy Regulation and Conservation (Chair: Tim Wirth; Ranking Member: Don Nickles)
 Energy Research and Development (Chair: Wendell H. Ford; Ranking Member: Pete Domenici)
 Mineral Resources Development and Production (Chair: Jeff Bingaman; Ranking Member: Larry E. Craig)
 Public Lands, National Parks and Forests (Chair: Dale Bumpers; Ranking Member: Frank H. Murkowski)
 Water and Power (Chair: Bill Bradley; Ranking Member: Conrad Burns)
 Environment and Public Works (Chair: Quentin N. Burdick, then Daniel Patrick Moynihan; Ranking Member: John H. Chafee)
 Environment Protection (Chair: Max Baucus; Ranking Member: John H. Chafee)
 Nuclear Regulation (Chair: Bob Graham; Ranking Member: Alan K. Simpson)
 Superfund, Ocean and Water Protection (Chair: Frank Lautenberg; Ranking Member: David Durenberger)
 Toxic Substances, Environmental Oversight, Research and Development (Chair: Harry Reid; Ranking Member: John W. Warner)
 Water Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure (Chair: Daniel Moynihan; Ranking Member: Steve Symms)
 Ethics (Select) (Chair: Howell Heflin, then Terry Sanford; Ranking Member: Warren B. Rudman)
 Finance (Chair: Lloyd Bentsen; Ranking Member: Bob Packwood)
 Deficits, Debt Management and International Debt (Chair: Bill Bradley; Ranking Member: Chuck Grassley)
 Energy and Agricultural Taxation (Chair: Tom Daschle; Ranking Member: Steve Symms)
 Health for Families and the Uninsured (Chair: Donald W. Riegle; Ranking Member: John H. Chafee)
 International Trade (Chair: Max Baucus; Ranking Member: John C. Danforth)
 Medicare and Long Term Care (Chair: Jay Rockefeller; Ranking Member: David Durenberger)
 Private Retirement Plans and Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service (Chair: David Pryor; Ranking Member: Chuck Grassley)
 Social Security and Family Policy (Chair: Daniel Moynihan; Ranking Member: Bob Dole)
 Taxation (Chair: David L. Boren; Ranking Member: William V. Roth Jr.)
 Foreign Relations (Chair: Claiborne Pell; Ranking Member: Jesse Helms)
 European Affairs (Chair: Joe Biden; Ranking Member: Larry Pressler)
 International Economic Policy, Trade, Oceans and Environment (Chair: Paul Sarbanes; Ranking Member: Mitch McConnell)
 East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Chair: Alan Cranston; Ranking Member: Frank H. Murkowski)
 Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs (Chair: Chris Dodd; Ranking Member: Richard Lugar)
 Terrorism, Narcotics and International Communications (Chair: John Kerry; Ranking Member: Hank Brown)
 African Affairs (Chair: Paul Simon; Ranking Member: Nancy Kassebaum)
 Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (Chair: Terry Sanford; Ranking Member: Orrin Hatch)
 Governmental Affairs (Chair: John Glenn; Ranking Member: William V. Roth Jr.)
 Federal Services, Post Office and Civil Service (Chair: David Pryor; Ranking Member: Ted Stevens)
 General Services, Federalism and the District of Columbia (Chair: Jim Sasser; Ranking Member: John Seymour)
 Government Information and Regulation (Chair: Herb Kohl; Ranking Member: Warren Rudman)
 Oversight of Government Management (Chair: Carl Levin; Ranking Member: William S. Cohen)
 Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (Chair: Sam Nunn; Ranking Member: William V. Roth Jr.)
 Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: Daniel Inouye; Ranking Member: John McCain)
 Judiciary (Chair: Joe Biden; Ranking Member: Strom Thurmond)
 Antitrust, Monopolies and Business Rights (Chair: Howard Metzenbaum; Ranking Member: Arlen Specter)
 Constitution (Chair: Paul Simon; Ranking Member: Arlen Specter)
 Courts and Administration Practice (Chair: Howell T. Heflin; Ranking Member: Chuck Grassley)
 Immigration and Refugee Affairs (Chair: Ted Kennedy; Ranking Member: Alan K. Simpson)
 Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks (Chair: Dennis DeConcini; Ranking Member: Orrin Hatch)
 Technology and the Law (Chair: Patrick Leahy; Ranking Member: Hank Brown)
 Juvenile Justice (Chair: Herb Kohl; Ranking Member: Hank Brown)
 Intelligence (Select) (Chair: David L. Boren; Ranking Member: Frank H. Murkowski)
 Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Ted Kennedy; Ranking Member: Orrin Hatch)
 Aging (Chair: Brock Adams; Ranking Member: Thad Cochran)
 Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism (Chair: Chris Dodd; Ranking Member: Dan Coats)
 Education, Arts and Humanities (Chair: Claiborne Pell; Ranking Member: Nancy Kassebaum)
 Employment and Productivity (Chair: Paul Simon; Ranking Member: Strom Thurmond)
 Disability Policy (Chair: Tom Harkin; Ranking Member: David Durenberger)
 Labor (Chair: Howard M. Metzenbaum; Ranking Member: Jim Jeffords)
 POW/MIA Affairs (Select) (Chair: John Kerry; Ranking Member: )
 Rules and Administration (Chair: Wendell H. Ford; Ranking Member: Ted Stevens)
 Small Business (Chair: Dale Bumpers; Ranking Member: Bob Kasten)
 Competitiveness and Economic Productivity (Chair: Joe Lieberman; Ranking Member: Connie Mack III)
 Export Expansion (Chair: Barbara Mikulski; Ranking Member: Larry Pressler)
 Government Contracting and Paperwork Reduction (Chair: Alan J. Dixon; Ranking Member: Kit Bond)
 Innovation, Technology and Productivity (Chair: Carl Levin; Ranking Member: Ted Stevens)
 Rural Economy and Family Farming (Chair: Max Baucus; Ranking Member: Bob Kasten)
 Urban and Minority-Owned Business Development (Chair: John Kerry; Ranking Member: Conrad Burns)
 Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Alan Cranston; Ranking Member: Arlen Specter)

House of Representatives

 Aging (Select) (Chair: Edward Roybal; Ranking Member: Matthew J. Rinaldo)
 Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
 Cotton, Rice and Sugar (Chair: Jerry Huckaby; Ranking Member: Bill Emerson)
 Livestock, Dairy and Poultry (Chair: Charles W. Stenholm; Ranking Member: Steve Gunderson)
 Peanuts and Tobacco (Chair: Charles Hatcher; Ranking Member: Larry Hopkins)
 Wheat, Soybeans and Feed Grains (Chair: Dan Glickman; Ranking Member: Ron Marlenee)
 Conservation, Credit and Rural Development (Chair: Glenn English; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
 Department Operations, Research and Foreign Agriculture (Chair: Charlie Rose; Ranking Member: Pat Roberts)
 Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition (Chair: Robin Tallon; Ranking Member: Tom Lewis)
 Forests, Family Farms and Energy (Chair: Harold Volkmer; Ranking Member: Sid Morrison)
 Appropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
 Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary (Chair: Neal Edward Smith; Ranking Member: Hal Rogers)
 Defense (Chair: John Murtha; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
 District of Columbia (Chair: Julian C. Dixon; Ranking Member: Dean Gallo)
 Energy and Water Development (Chair: Tom Bevill; Ranking Member: John T. Myers)
 Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs (Chair: Dave Obey; Ranking Member: Mickey Edwards)
 Interior and Related Agencies (Chair: Sidney Yates; Ranking Member: Ralph Regula)
 Labor, Health, Human Services, Education and Related Agencies (Chair: William Natcher; Ranking Member: Carl D. Pursell)
 Legislative (Chair: Vic Fazio; Ranking Member: Jerry Lewis)
 Military Construction (Chair: Bill Hefner; Ranking Member: Bill Lowery)
 Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten; Ranking Member: Joe Skeen)
 Transportation (Chair: William Lehman; Ranking Member: Lawrence Coughlin)
 Treasury, Postal Service and General Government (Chair: Edward Roybal; Ranking Member: Frank R. Wolf)
 VA, HUD and Independent Agencies (Chair: J. Bob Traxler; Ranking Member: Bill Green)
 Armed Services (Chair: Les Aspin; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
 Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems (Chair: Les Aspin; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
 Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials (Chair: Charles E. Bennett; Ranking Member: Floyd Spence)
 Research and Development (Chair: Ron Dellums; Ranking Member: Robert W. Davis)
 Military Installations and Facilities (Chair: Patricia Schroder; Ranking Member: David O'B. Martin)
 Military Personnel and Compensation (Chair: Beverly Byron; Ranking Member: Herbert H. Bateman)
 Investigations (Chair: Nicholas Mavroules; Ranking Member: Larry J. Hopkins)
 Readiness (Chair: Earl Hutto; Ranking Member: John R. Kasich)
 Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Henry B. Gonzalez; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
 Housing and Community Development (Chair: Henry B. Gonzalez; Ranking Member: Marge Roukema)
 Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance (Chair: Frank Annunzio; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
 Domestic Monetary Policy (Chair: Stephen L. Neal; Ranking Member: Toby Roth)
 General Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Carroll Hubbard; Ranking Member: Bill McCollum)
 International Development, Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy (Chair: Carroll Hubbard; Ranking Member: Jim Leach)
 Policy Research and Insurance (Chair: Ben Erdreich; Ranking Member: Doug Bereuter)
 Economic Stabilization (Chair: Thomas R. Carper; Ranking Member: Tom Ridge)
 Consumer Affairs and Coinage (Chair: Esteban Edward Torres; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
 Budget (Chair: Leon Panetta; Ranking Member: Willis D. Gradison Jr.)
 Budget Process, Reconciliation and Enforcement (Chair: Anthony Beilenson)
 Community Development and Natural Resources (Chair: Mike Espy)
 Defense, Foreign Policy and Space (Chair: Richard J. Durbin)
 Urgent Fiscal Issues (Chair: Frank Guarini)
 Human Resources (Chair: Jim Oberstar)
 Economic Policy, Projections and Revenues (Chair: Dale Kildee)
 Children, Youth and Families (Select) (Chair: Patricia Schroeder; Ranking Member: Frank R. Wolf)
 District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Bliley Jr.)
 Fiscal Affairs and Health (Chair: Pete Stark; Ranking Member: Dana Rohrabacher)
 Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs (Chair: Alan Wheat; Ranking Member: Larry Combest)
 Judiciary and Education (Chair: Mervyn M. Dymally; Ranking Member: Bill Lowery)
 Education and Labor (Chair: William D. Ford; Ranking Member: Bill Goodling)
 Postsecondary Education (Chair: William D. Ford; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
 Health and Safety (Chair: Joseph M. Gaydos; Ranking Member: Paul B. Henry)
 Labor Standards (Chair: Austin J. Murphy; Ranking Member: Tom Petri)
 Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education (Chair: Dale Kildee; Ranking Member: Bill Goodling)
 Labor-Management Relations (Chair: Pat Williams; Ranking Member: Marge Roukema)
 Human Resources (Chair: Matthew G. Martinez; Ranking Member: Harris W. Fawell)
 Select Education (Chair: Major R. Owens; Ranking Member: Cass Ballenger)
 Employment Opportunities (Chair: Carl C. Perkins; Ranking Member: Steve Gunderson)
 Energy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell; Ranking Member: Norman F. Lent)
 Oversight and Investigations (Chair: John Dingell; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Bliley)
 Health and the Environment (Chair: Henry Waxman; Ranking Member: William E. Dannemeyer)
 Energy and Power (Chair: Phil Sharp; Ranking Member: Carlos J. Moorhead)
 Commerce, Transportation and Competitiveness (Chair: Cardiss Collins; Ranking Member: J. Alex McMillan)
 Telecommunications and Finance (Chair: Ed Markey; Ranking Member: Matthew J. Rinaldo)
 Transportation and Hazardous Materials (Chair: Al Swift; Ranking Member: Don Ritter)
 Foreign Affairs (Chair: Dante Fascell; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
 Arms Control, International Security and Science (Chair: Dante Fascell; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
 Europe and the Middle East (Chair: Lee Hamilton; Ranking Member: Benjamin A. Gilman)
 Human Rights and International Organizations (Chair: Gus Yatron; Ranking Member: Doug Bereuter)
 Asian and Pacific Affairs (Chair: Stephen Solarz; Ranking Member: Jim Leach)
 International Economic Policy and Trade (Chair: Sam Gejdenson; Ranking Member: Toby Roth)
 Africa (Chair: Mervyn M. Dymally; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
 Western Hemisphere Affairs (Chair: Robert Torricelli; Ranking Member: Robert J. Lagomarsino)
 International Operations (Chair: Howard Berman; Ranking Member: Olympia J. Snowe)
 Government Operations (Chair: John Conyers; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
 Legislation and National Security (Chair: John Conyers; Frank Horton)
 Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations (Chair: Theodore Weiss; Ranking Member: Craig L. Thomas)
 Environment, Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: Mike Synar; Ranking Member: William F. Clinger Jr.)
 Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs (Chair: Doug Barnard; Ranking Member: Dennis Hastert)
 Employment and Housing (Chair: Tom Lantos; Ranking Member: Ileana Ros-Lehtinen)
 Government Information, Justice and Agriculture (Chair: Bob Wise; Ranking Member: Al McCandless)
 Government Activities and Transportation (Chair: Barbara Boxer; Ranking Member: Christopher Cox)
 House Administration (Chair: Charlie Rose; Ranking Member: Bill Thomas)
 Procurement and Printing (Chair: Frank Annunzio; Ranking Member: Mickey Edwards)
 Accounts (Chair: Joseph M. Gaydos; Ranking Member: Paul E. Gillmor)
 Elections (Chair: Al Swift; Ranking Member: Bob Livingston)
 Personnel and Police (Chair: Mary Rose Oakar; Ranking Member: Pat Roberts)
 Libraries and Memorials (Chair: Bill Clay; Ranking Member: Bill Barrett)
 Office Systems (Chair: Sam Gejdenson; Ranking Member: James T. Walsh)
 Campaign Finance Reform Task Force (Chair: Sam Gejdenson; Ranking Member: Bill Thomas)
 Hunger (Select) (Chair: Tony P. Hall; Ranking Member: Bill Emerson)
 Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: George Miller; Ranking Member: Don Young)
 Water and Power Resources and Offshore Energy Resources (Chair: George Miller; Ranking Member: James V. Hansen)
 Mining and Natural Resources (Chair: Nick Rahall; Ranking Member: Barbara F. Vucanovich)
 National Parks and Public Lands (Chair: Bruce Vento; Ranking Member: Ron Marlenee)
 Insular and International Affairs (Chair: Ron de Lugo; Ranking Member: Robert J. Lagomarsino)
 Energy and the Environment (Chair: Peter H. Kostmayer; Ranking Member: John J. Rhodes III)
 General Oversight, Northwest Power and Forest Management (Chair: Richard H. Lehman; Ranking Member: Ben Blaz)
 Judiciary (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish IV)
 Economic and Commercial Law (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish IV)
 Civil and Constitutional Rights (Chair: Don Edwards; Ranking Member: Henry Hyde)
 International Law, Immigration and Refugees (Chair: Romano L. Mazzoli; Ranking Member: Bill McCollum)
 Intellectual Property and Judicial Administration (Chair: William J. Hughes; Ranking Member: Carlos J. Moorhead)
 Administration Law and Governmental Relations (Chair: Barney Frank; Ranking Member: George W. Gekas)
 Crime and Criminal Justice (Chair: Chuck Schumer; Ranking Member: James Sensenbrenner)
 Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.; Ranking Member: Robert W. Davis)
 Merchant Marine (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.; Ranking Member: Norman F. Lent)
 Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment (Chair: Gerry Studds; Ranking Member: Don Young)
 Coast Guard and Navigation (Chair: Billy Tauzin; Ranking Member: Jack Fields)
 Oceangraphy, Great Lakes and the Outer Continental Shelf (Chair: Dennis Hertel; Ranking Member: Herbert H. Bateman)
 Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Bill Lipinski; Ranking Member: Jim Saxton)
 Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select) (Chair: Charles B. Rangel; Ranking Member: Lawrence Coughlin)
 Post Office and Civil Service (Chair: Bill Clay; Ranking Member: Benjamin A. Gilman)
 Investigations (Chair: Bill Clay; Ranking Member: Rod Chandler)
 Civil Service (Chair: Gerry Sikorski; Ranking Member: Connie Morella)
 Postal Operations and Services (Chair: Frank McCloskey; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
 Compensation and Employee Benefits (Chair: Gary L. Ackerman; Ranking Member: John T. Myers)
 Census and Population (Chair: Thomas C. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Tom Ridge)
 Human Resources (Chair: Paul E. Kanjorski; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
 Postal Personnel and Modernization (Chair: Charles A. Hayes; Ranking Member: Don Young)
 Public Works and Transportation (Chair: Robert A. Roe; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
 Aviation (Chair: Jim Oberstar; Ranking Member: William F. Clinger)
 Economic Development (Chair: Joe Kolter; Ranking Member: Helen Delich Bentley)
 Investigations and Oversight (Chair: Robert Borski; Ranking Member: Ron Packard)
 Public Buildings and Grounds (Chair: Gus Savage; Ranking Member: Jim Inhofe)
 Surface Transportation (Chair: Norman Mineta; Ranking Member: Bud Shuster)
 Water Resources (Chair: Henry Nowak; Ranking Member: Tom Petri)
 Rules (Chair: Joe Moakley; Ranking Member: Gerald B. H. Solomon)
 Rules of the House (Chair: Anthony C. Beilenson; Ranking Member: David Dreier)
 The Legislative Process (Chair: Butler Derrick; Ranking Member: Jimmy Quillen)
 Science, Space and Technology (Chair: George Brown Jr.; Ranking Member: Robert S. Walker)
 Environment (Chair: James H. Scheuer; Ranking Member: Don Ritter)
 Energy (Chair: Howard Wolpe; Ranking Member: Sid Morrison)
 Investigations and Oversight (Chair: Howard Wolpe; Ranking Member: Sherwood Boehlert)
 Space (Chair: Ralph M. Hall; Ranking Member: F. James Sensenbrenner)
 Technology and Competitiveness (Chair: Tim Valentine; Ranking Member: Tom Lewis)
 Science (Chair: Rick Boucher; Ranking Member: Ron Packard)
 Small Business (Chair: John J. LaFalce; Ranking Member: Andy Ireland)
 SBA, the General Economy and Minority Enterprise Development (Chair: John J. LaFalce; Ranking Member: Andy Ireland)
 Procurement, Tourism and Minority Enterprise Development (Chair: Ike Skelton; Ranking Member: D. French Slaughter)
 Regulation, Business Opportunity and Energy (Chair: Ron Wyden; Ranking Member: Jan Meyers)
 Antitrust, Impact of Deregulation and Privatization (Chair: Dennis E. Eckart; Ranking Member: Joel Hefley)
 Exports, Tax Policy and Special Problems (Chair: Norman Sisisky; Ranking Member: Larry Combest)
 Environment and Employment (Chair: Jim Olin; Ranking Member: Richard H. Baker)
 Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Louis Stokes; Ranking Member: James V. Hansen)
 Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery; Ranking Member: Bob Stump)
 Hospitals and Health Care (Chair: Sonny Montgomery; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
 Compensation, Pension and Insurance (Chair: Douglas Applegate; Ranking Member: Bob Stump)
 Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Lane Evans; Ranking Member: Michael Bilirakis)
 Education, Training and Employment (Chair: Tim Penny; Ranking Member: Chris Smith)
 Housing and Memorial Affairs (Chair: Harley O. Staggers; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
 Ways and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski; Ranking Member: Bill Archer)
 Trade (Chair: Sam Gibbons; Ranking Member: Phil Crane)
 Oversight (Chair: J.J. Pickle; Ranking Member: Richard T. Schulze)
 Select Revenue Measures (Chair: Charles Rangel; Ranking Member: Guy Vander Jagt)
 Health (Chair: Pete Stark; Ranking Member: Willis D. Gradison Jr.)
 Social Security (Chair: Andrew Jacobs Jr.; Ranking Member: Phil Crane)
 Human Resources (Chair: Harold Ford Sr.; Ranking Member: Richard T. Schulze)
 Whole

Joint committees

 Economic (Chair: Sen. Paul Sarbanes; Vice Chair: Rep. Lee H. Hamilton)
 Taxation (Chair: Rep. Dan Rostenkowski; Vice Chair: Sen. Lloyd Bentsen)
 The Library (Chair: Sen. Claiborne Pell; Vice Chair: Rep. Charlie Rose)
 Organization of Congress (Chair: N/A; Vice Chair: N/A)
 Printing (Chair: Rep. Charlie Rose; Vice Chair: Sen. Wendell H. Ford)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors
 Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
 Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Robert Krasner
 Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
 Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Robert D. Reischauer
 Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
 Public Printer of the United States: Robert Houk

Senate
 Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson (Presbyterian)
 Curator: James R. Ketchum
 Historian: Richard A. Baker
 Parliamentarian: Alan Frumin
 Secretary: Walter J. Stewart
 Librarian: Roger K. Haley
 Secretary for the Majority: C. Abbott Saffold
 Secretary for the Minority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
 Sergeant at Arms: Martha S. Pope

House of Representatives
 Chaplain: James David Ford (Lutheran)
 Clerk: Donnald K. Anderson
 Director of Non-Legislative and Financial Services: Leonard P. Wishart III, from October 1992
 Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
 Historian: Ray Smock
 Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
 Postmaster: Robert V. Rota, until March 19, 1992
 Michael J. Shinay, from March 31, 1992
 Reading Clerks:
 Meg Goetz (D)
 Bob Berry along with Paul Hays (R)
 Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ, until March 12, 1992
 Werner W. Brandt, from March 12, 1992

See also
 List of new members of the 102nd United States Congress
 1990 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
 1990 United States Senate elections
 1990 United States House of Representatives elections
 1992 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
 1992 United States presidential election
 1992 United States Senate elections
 1992 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

References

External links
 Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
 U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
 U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

102nd United States Congress


كلودا الشمالي (20 أغسطس 1974 -)، مغنية لبنانية

حياتها
ولدت في درعون وعاشت طفولتها فيها والدها الياس ووالدتها اليس، كانت تحب الغناء والعزف على الآلات الموسيقية بأنواعها

حياتها الخاصة
تزوجت من «سمير أبو نصر» الذي كان يتولى توقيع العقود مع الفنانين الذين يتعاونون مع المخرج سيمون أسمر  ورزقت منه بولد وبنت

مشوارها المهني
بدات الغناء عام 1988 شاركت في برنامج الهواة ستديو الفن عام 1992، حصلت على الميدالية الذهبية فئة الأغنية الجبلية اللبنانية ، اشتهرت بغنائها للون الجبلي، دخلت الساحة الفنية بداية التسعينات أول أعمالها كانت أغنية «ستي حوا» من كلمات ميشال حداد وألحان رفيق حبيقة، أول ألبوماتها كان بعنوان «يلا ياليل» عام 1994 وأحيت الكثير من الحفلات في لبنان سوريا والأردن كما شاركت في العديد من المهرجانات العربية
بآخر ألبوماتها صدر عن شركة روتانا عام 2006 قبل أسبوع من حرب تموز"
عام 2011 أصدرت أغنية بعنوان"بوسة قاتولية وصورتها مع المخرج "جان ريشا " ومنع الكليب من العرض ليعرض فقط على ال بي سي بسبب الملابس والحركات الجرئية وتلقت انتقادا واسعا لكونها فنانة ذات خطى محافظ
طرحت بعدها أغنيتين سينغل الأولى "أشقيت جروح" والثانية كانت في أواخر سنة 2014 بعنوان "ضغطي أشط"(من كلمات وألحان: سليم عساف؛ وتوزيع: روجيه خوري)  ابتعدت عن الفن بسبب قلة تسليط الضوء عليها وعدم توفر منتج لأعمالها وأشيع خبر اعتزالها بسبب اصابتها بسبب مرض السرطان لكن نفته
في عام 2016 عادت للساحة بأغنية منفردة بعنوان «الحكي المضبوط» من كلمات رياض العلي والحان وتوزيع طلال الداعور وصورتها على طريقة الفيديوكليب. في فبراير 2022 أصدرت أغنية باللهجة المصرية بعنوان «ست الكل» من كلمات وألحان عزيز الشافعي وإخراج جان ريشا من إنتاج شركة ميوزيك بوكس

ألبومات

أغاني مصورة

أغاني منفردة
 هلا فيكي هلا سنة 1995
 عمرلي بيت سنة 1999
 طيب معليش
 ضيعتنا
 بيكفي تغيب 2005
 غريب يابيَ سنة 2010
 بوسة قاتولية سنة 2011
 شقيت جروح 2014
 ضغطي قشط 2014
 الحكي المضبوط 2016
 راحو الغوالي 2018
 ست الكل 2022

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء نقابة الفنانين المحترفين في لبنان
متسابقون في ستوديو الفن
مسيحيون لبنانيون
مغنيات لبنانيات في القرن 20
مواليد 1394 هـ
مواليد 1974
مغنيات لبنانيات في القرن 21

كلودا الشمالي


Santa Eulalia de Vilapicina es una antigua aldea que perteneció al antiguo municipio independiente de San Andrés de Palomar hasta que este fue anexionado a Barcelona en 1897. Actualmente su territorio pertenece al Distrito de Nou Barris  y se divide en cuatro barrios: Vilapicina y La Torre Llobeta, Can Peguera, El Turó de la Peira y Porta.

El nombre de Vilapicina aparece por primera vez escrito en un documento del año 940. El primer núcleo de población se articuló alrededor de la primitiva iglesia de Santa Eulalia, ubicada donde hoy se levanta el santuario homónimo. La antigua iglesia, documentada en el año 991, era una capilla románica, sufragánea de la iglesia de San Andrés de Palomar, que se levantó sobre una antigua construcción de época romana.

Bibliografía

Nou Barris

Santa Eulalia de Vilapicina


Øster Velling-Helstrup-Grensten Landkommune var en sognekommune i det oprindelige Viborg Amt, der blev oprettet i 1842 og nedlagt med Kommunalreformen i 1970.

I 1970–2006 var de tre sogne en del af Langå Kommune i den nydannede Århus Amt. Siden Strukturreformen i 2007 tilhører sognene den nydannede Randers Kommune i Region Midtjylland.

De tre sogne ligger i Middelsom Herred.

Øster Velling-Helstrup-Grensten Pastorat
De tre sogne tilhører Øster Velling-Helstrup-Grensten Pastorat .

Kilder
Danske landkommuner 1842–1970, Udgivet af Landsarkivet for Nørrejylland, Viborg, 1976 .

Noter

Kommuner i Viborg Amt (før 1970)


Yılmazlı, Antalya ilinin Elmalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 128 km, Elmalı ilçesine 18 km. uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Elmalı'nın mahalleleri

Yılmazlı, Elmalı


Bill Brandt (born Hermann Wilhelm Brandt; 2 May 1904 – 20 December 1983) was a British photographer and photojournalist. Born in Germany, Brandt moved to England, where he became known for his images of British society for such magazines as Lilliput and Picture Post; later he made distorted nudes, portraits of famous artists and landscapes. He is widely considered to be one of the most important British photographers of the 20th century.

Life and work

Born in Hamburg, Germany, son of a British father and German mother, Brandt grew up during World War I, during which his father, who had lived in Germany since the age of five, was interned for six months by the Germans as a British citizen. Brandt later disowned his German heritage and would claim he was born in South London. Shortly after the war, he contracted tuberculosis and spent much of his youth in a sanatorium in Davos, Switzerland.  He traveled to Vienna to undertake a course of treatment by psychoanalysis. He was, in any case, pronounced cured and was taken under the wing of socialite Eugenie Schwarzwald. When Ezra Pound visited the Schwarzwald residence, Brandt made his portrait. In appreciation, Pound reportedly offered Brandt an introduction to Man Ray, whose Paris studio and darkroom Brandt would access in 1930.

In 1933 Brandt moved to London and began documenting all levels of British society. This kind of documentary was uncommon at that time.  Brandt published two books showcasing this work, The English at Home (1936) and A Night in London (1938).  He was a regular contributor to magazines such as  Lilliput, Picture Post, and Harper's Bazaar. He documented the Underground bomb shelters of London during The Blitz in 1940, commissioned by the Ministry of Information. Brandt took a total of 39 photos between the 4th and 12th of November before he had to stop due to catching the flu. The photos were taken with a Rolleiflex camera.

During World War II Brandt concentrated on many subjects – as can be seen in his Camera in London (1948) but excelled in portraiture and landscape. To mark the arrival of peace in 1945 he began a celebrated series of nudes. His major books from the post-war period are Literary Britain (1951), and Perspective of Nudes (1961), followed by a compilation of his best work, Shadow of Light (1966). Brandt became Britain's most influential and internationally admired photographer of the 20th century. Many of his works have important social commentary but also poetic resonance. His landscapes and nudes are dynamic, intense and powerful, often using wide-angle lenses and distortion.

Brandt died in London in 1983.

Recognition
In 1984, Bill Brandt was posthumously inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.

In 2010, an English Heritage blue plaque for Brandt was erected in London at 4 Airlie Gardens, Kensington, W8.

Exhibitions
1969: Bill Brandt, 1969, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Curated by John Szarkowski
1985: Bill Brandt: Behind the Camera, 1985, Philadelphia Museum of Art
2004: Bill Brandt: A Centenary Retrospective, 2004, Victoria & Albert Museum, London. "A selection of rare and famous prints from the Brandt archive".
2013: Shadow and Light, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Curated by Sarah Hermanson Meister.
2013: Bill Brandt, Early Prints from the Collection of the Family Edwynn Houk Gallery, New York. "A selection of rare and famous prints from the Brandt archive".
2017: Bill Brandt, Works from the 1940's and Harper's Bazaar, William Holman Gallery, 2017.
2018: Bill Brandt Vintage Works, 2018/19, Michael Hoppen Gallery
2021: Bill Brandt, Kunstfoyer (Versicherungskammer Kulturstiftung), Munich, 27 September – 28 November 2021.
2022: Bill Brandt: Inside the Mirror, 2022, Tate Britain, London. Curated by Carol Jacobi

Publications
Hopkinson, Tom. Poetry: Bill Brandt – Photographer. Lilliput 11(2):130-41
Warburton, Nigel (ed.). Bill Brandt; Selected texts and bibliography. Oxford: Clio, 1993; Macmillan Library Reference, 1994.
Wells, Liz (ed.). Photography, A Critical Introduction. Routledge, 1997.
Time Life Books Editors. The Print Time Life International, 1972.
Read, John. Portrait of an Artist: Henry Moore. London, 1979.
Mellor, David. Bill Brandt: Behind the Camera Photographs 1923–1983. New York: Aperture, 1985.
Kelly, Jain (ed.). Nude:Theory. Lustrum, 1979.
Kee, Robert. The Picture Post Album. London, 1993.
Jeffrey, Ian. Photography: Concise History. Thames and Hudson, World of Art Series, 1981; reprinted 1989
Jay, Bill. Occam's Razor: Outside-in Viewing Contemporary Photography. Germany: Nazraeli, 1994.
Iverson, Margaret (ed.). Psychoanalysis. Art History 17(3), 1994.
Haworth-Booth, Mark. Contemporary British Photography: Into the 1990s. Aperture, 1989.
Goldberg, Vicki. Photography in Print; Writings from 1816 to the Present. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1981.
Burgin, Victor (ed.). Thinking Photography. Macmillan, 1982.
Brandt, Bill. Shadow and Light. Sarah Hermanson Meister. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2013..
Brandt, Bill. Brandt: Nudes. London: Thames and Hudson, 2012.
Brandt, Bill. Brandt: The Photographs of Bill Brandt. London: Thames and Hudson, 1999.
Brandt, Bill. Bill Brandt. Milan: Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri, 1982.
Brandt, Bill. Bill Brandt: Photographs 1928–1983. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993.
Brandt, Bill. Bill Brandt. London: Marlborough Fine Art, 1976.
Brandt, Bill. Nudes: Bill Brandt. Bulfinch, 1980.
Brandt, Bill. Portraits: Photographs by Bill Brandt. London: G. Fraser, 1982; Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982.
Brandt, Bill. London in the Thirties. London: G. Fraser, 1983; New York: Pantheon, 1983..
Brandt, Bill. Bill Brandt: Nudes 1945–1980 The Gordon Fraser, London and Bedford 1980 Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1980.
Brandt, Bill. Shadow of Light. London: Bodley Head, 1966; New York: Viking, 1966; New York: Da Capo, 1977; London: Gordon Fraser, 1977.
Brandt, Bill. Bill Brandt: Early Photographs, 1930–1942. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1975.
Brandt, Bill. Ombres d'une Ile. Paris: Le Belier Prisma, 1966.
Brandt, Bill. Perspectives sur le Nu. Paris: Prisma, 1961.
Brandt, Bill. Bill Brandt: Perspective of Nudes. London: The Bodley Head, 1961; New York: Amphoto, 1961.
Brandt, Bill. Literary Britain. London: Cassell and Company, 1951. With an introduction by John Hayward.
Brandt, Bill. The English at Home. New York: C. Scribner's; London: B. T. Batsford, 1936. With an introduction by Raymond Mortimer.
Brandt, Bill. Camera in London. London: Focal, 1948.
Delany, Paul: Bill Brandt: A Life. Stanford University Press, 2004

References

General references
V&A Working methods, accessed, 30 March 2010

External links

 The Bill Brandt Archive – biography and images.
Bill Brandt at the Art Institute of Chicago
 Bill Brandt at Artcyclopedia – list of image galleries and museum exhibits.
 Exploring 20th century London – Bill Brandt Photographs by Bill Brandt in the Museum of London collection
 Bill Brandt images in the English Heritage Archive- 449 war time photographs by Bill Brandt.
 Bill Brandt video
 Brandt at Victoria and Albert Museum, London

1904 births
1983 deaths
British photojournalists
Photographers from London
British erotic photographers
War photographers
Landscape photographers
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom

Bill Brandt


Jacob (Jakob) Sturm (n. 21 martie 1771, Nürnberg – d. 28 noiembrie 1848 Nürnberg) a fost un om de știință, (botanist, briolog, entomolog, micolog) și în special gravor de cupru renumit german. Abrevierea numelui său în cărți științifice este  Sturm.

Familie

Jacob a fost singurului fiu al gravorului de cupru Johann Georg Sturm (n. 9 martie 1742, Wöhrd – d. 9 aprilie 1793, Nürnberg) și al soției sale (10 iulie 1770) Ursula Barbara, fiica ceasornicarului Chrisoph Achatius Landeck. A avut 3 surori care au murit înaintea lui.

Pe 13 iulie 1794, Jacob s-a căsătorit cu Christiana Albertina Wilhelmina Wagner (d. 1832), fiica notarului și grefierului din Wöhrd (astăzi districtul 9 al orașului Nürnberg). Din cei șapte copii, cinci, un fiu și patru fiice, au murit scurt timp după naștere. Cei doi fii care i-au rămas, Johann Heinrich Christian Friedrich Sturm (n. 6 februarie 1805, Nürnberg – d. 25 ianuarie 1862, Nürnberg), gravor de cupru și ornitolog precum Johann Wilhelm Sturm (n.  19 iulie 1808 Nürnberg – d. 7 ianuarie 1865, Nürnberg), botanist, ornitolog și gravor de cupru (abrevierea numelui său în cărți științifice: J.W.Sturm), au devenit mândria și bucuria sa. L-au asistat și ajutat mult la lucrările lui târzie.

Biografie

Tatăl lui Jacob Sturm l-a educat deja din copilărie în arta gravurii de cupru în domeniul figurativ. Dar interesul lui a fost de mic cel pentru istoria naturală. În puținul timp liber între școală și cerințele părintelui s-a dedicat acestei materii. În 1787, după ce tatăl său se îmbolnăvise grav, fiul a fost însărcinat cu prezentarea unei lucrări contractuale a lui Johann Georg ( o placă cu insecte pentru o carte a renumitului savant Peter Simon Pallas) față de examinatorul responsabil, medicul și naturalistul Johann Christian von Schreber (1739- 1810). Dar palca nu a plăcut deloc, de acea, Schreber i-a dat ordinul să-și lasă arătate insectele în cauză în natură, pentru a le desena și grava în continuare, de către renumitul botanist, entomolog și medic Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer (1755-1829), pe atunci în vizită la Nürnberg. Încântați de rezultatele prezentate de acest băiat de numai 16 ani și recunoscând marele său talent, cei doi oameni de știință au hotărât să-l sprijine, întărească și promoveze în viitor.

În 1791, încurajat de cei doi binefăcători ai lui, a publicat un set de 100 de gravuri de insecte, încă fără text explicativ, numit Insekten-Cabinet nach der Natur gezeichnet und gestochen ("Cabinet de insecte desenate și gravate după natură"). Fiecare imagine a măsurat doar 9x12 cm, fiind tipărită în alb-negru și apoi colorată individual cu mâna.

Această lucrare publicată fără text, l-a inspirat pe Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer să elaboreze o lucrare similară, dar mai mare. Începută în 1793 și provenind în 109 de părți în următorii 16 ani. Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia ("Elemente ale faunei germane de insecte") conține descrierile textuale scurte ale lui Panzer și peste de 2600 gravuri de insecte individuale ale lui Sturm, colorate manual, fiecare măsurând 11x15 cm.

În 1796, Sturm a publicat catalogul colecției sale de insecte în Verzeichnis meiner Insekten-Sammlung sub adăugarea de texte proprii precum de numeroase plăci colorate. Ca urmarea activității sale și a extinderii rețelei de contacte cu entomologi și alți oameni de știință, colecția sa a crescut atât de repede, încât a emis o ediție a doua, extinsă numai patru ani mai târziu și în cele din urmă o a treia în 1826 și o a patra în 1843 (acum sub denumirea Catalog meiner Insecten-Sammlung), devenind una dintre cele mai mari și mai valoroase colecții private din Europa, consultată și citată de entomologi din întreaga lume științifică.

Tot în 1796, Sturm a început cu publicarea celei mai importante opere a le lui, cu care și-a stabilit reputația de gravor de mare importanță: Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen ("Flora Germaniei în imagini după natură cu descrieri"), împărțită în 3 secțiuni, în total cu 163 de caiete și 2472 plăci colorate. Prima secțiune a apărut între anii 1798-1855 și conține fanerogamele, cuprinzând volumele 1-96 cu 1576 de plăci colorate. A doua secțiune se ocupă cu criptogame, excluzând ciupercile. A apărut din 1798 până în 1839, cuprinzând volumele 1-31 și 416 de plăci colorate, iar ultima secțiune descrie ciupercile, în volumele 1-36 cu 480 de plăci colorate. Aceasta a treia secțiune a apărut între anii 1813 și 1853. Gravurile publicate după moartea editorului în 1848 (ediția 62-96), provin de la fiii săi (vezi sus), care luaseră deja parte mai devreme, ajutându-l la finalizare, începând cu caietul 44.

În anul 1801, a fost membru fondator al Naturhistorische Gesellschaft zu Nürnberg ("Societatea de Istorie Naturală de la Nürnberg") în 1801. Deși fascinația sa deosebită a fost dedicată gândacilor (Coleoptera), Sturm a avut interese largi în istoria naturală, astfel s-a ocupat de exemplu și destul de intensiv cu ciupercile în lucrarea sa Conspectus fungorum esculentorum – Übersicht der essbaren Schwämme ("Prezentarea generală a bureților comestibili") din 1821.

Maestrul a contribuit cu plăci colorate în lucrările multor biologi pe lângă Panzer și Schreber, ca de exemplu la August Karl Joseph Corda (1809-1849), Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776-1858), David Heinrich Hoppe (1760-1846), Ludwig Reichenbach (1793-1879), Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834), Adalbert Schnizlein (1814-1868), contele Kaspar Maria Graf von Sternberg (1761-1838), dar mai ales în cărțile botanistului și medicului Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch (1771-1849).

Acest om modest nu a fost foarte sărbătorit în propriul oraș în timpul vieții sale. În alte părți ale lumii însă, a fost recunoscut și onorat pentru munca sa. Mulți dintre colegii săi au denumit insecte și plante în onoarea lui. A fost numit membru al multor societăți științifice prestigioase din Anglia, Germania, Rusia, Suedia și SUA. În 1846, cu ocazia celei de a cinzecii aniversări a activităților sale artistice și științifice, a fost onorat cu titlul Doctor honoris causa prin facultatea de filozofie a Universității din Breslau. În același an a fost numit membru al Academiei Leopoldine precum director al societății de el co-fondate, mai ales pentru reorganizarea ei efectivă. Dar Jacob Sturm a supraviețuit aceste onoruri doar cu doi ani, murind la vârsta de aproape 78 de ani în orașul său natal. (Notele se referă la întreaga biografie.)

Specii denumite de Jacob Sturm
Jacob Sturm a numit respectiv redenumit multe specii. Ele pot fi vizualizate aici:

Specii denumite în onoarea lui Jacob Sturm
Multe specii au fost denumite în onoarea lui Jacob Sturm, de exemplu sub numele Sturmia, în special în familiile Orchidaceae, Poaceae sau Rubiaceae.

Onoruri (selecție)
 Membru corespondent sau de onoare în mai mult de 20 de societății științifice, între altele:
 Königlichen botanischen Gesellschaft, Regensburg
 Kaiserlichen Gesellschaft der Naturforscher, Moskau
 Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde, Berlin
 Pharmaceutische Gesellschaft, St. Petersburg
 Physiographische Gesellschaft, Lund
  Verein für Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden
 Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
 General Union Philosophical Society of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
 Membru al Linnean Society of London
 Director al Societății de Istorie Naturală din Nürnberg (1846)
 Doctor honoris causa de la Facultatea de Filozofie a Universității din Breslau (1846)
 Membru al Academiei Leopoldine (1846)

Opere (selecție)
Toate lucrările au fost scrise în limba germană sau latină:
 Insecten-Cabinet nach der Natur gezeichnet und gestochen heraus, 4 volume mici, fiecare cu 25 de plăci de cupru colorate, 1791
 Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia, Nürnberg 1793-1809 (Panzer & Sturm)
 Verzeichnis meiner Insekten-Sammlung, editura autorului, Nürnberg 1796
 Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibung, 151 volume mici cu peste 2000 plăci de cupru colorate, Editura Jacob Sturm, Nürnberg din 1796 (împreună cu August Karl Joseph Corda, Ludwig Reichenbach, Johann Christian von Schreber, contele Kaspar Maria von Sternberg și alții)
 Verzeichnis meiner Insekten-Sammlung, editura autorului, Nürnberg 1801
 Conspectus fungorum esculentorum – Übersicht der essbaren Schwämme, Editura J. G. Calve, Praga 1821
 Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der gesammten Akologie, zur Begründung eines Systems derselben (1825)
 Catalog meiner Insecten-Sammlung, editura autorului, Nürnberg 1826
 Anatomische Beschreibung eines sehr merkwürdigen Anencephalus, cu 3 plăci de cupru (1830)
 General-Rapport über die asiatische Cholera zu Prag im Jahre 1831 und 1832 nach den in den Choleraspitälern gewonnenen Erfahrungen (1836)
 Topographisches Taschenbuch von Prag zunächst für Naturforscher und Ärzte (1837)
 Naturgetreue Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der essbaren, schädlichen und verdächtigen Schwämme, cu multe ilustrații, Editura J. G. Calve'sche Buchhandlung, Praga 1831–1846
 Catalog meiner Insecten-Sammlung, editura autorului, Nürnberg 1843

Note

Bibliografie
 Erika Bosl: "Sturm, Jakob, Kupferstecher und Entomologe, în: Karl Bosl (Ed.): "Bosls bayerische Biographie", Editura Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2, p. 765
 Johann Wolfgang Hilpert: "Zum Andenken an Dr. Jacob Sturm, den Ikonographen der deutschen Flora und Fauna", Editura Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nürnberg, Nürnberg 1840
 G. Kraatz, "Jacob Sturm's Insecten-Cabinet" insa: "Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift", nr. 19, 1857, p. 157-160
 H.W.: "Entomologische Chronik" în: "Entomologische Zeitschrift", nr. 47, Frankfurt 1933

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1771
Nașteri pe 21 martie
Decese în 1848
Decese pe 28 noiembrie
Botaniști cu abreviere de autor
Briologi germani
Entomologi germani
Gravori germani
Micologi germani
Biologi din secolul al XVIII-lea
Biologi din secolul al XIX-lea
Membri ai Academiei Leopoldine

Jacob Sturm


The Amalgamut es el tercer álbum de estudio del grupo estadounidense de metal industrial Filter, lanzado en 2002.

Listado de canciones

Posición en listas

Álbum

Sencillos

Créditos
 Hiro Arishima — Notas
 Chuck Bailey — Asistente de ingeniería
 Rick Behrens — Asistente de ingeniería
 Richard Bishop — Productor
 Blumpy — Edición
 Tim Cadiente — Fotografía
 Rae DiLeo — Productor
 Steven Gillis — Batería
 Ben Grosse — Productor
 Geno Lenardo — Productor
 Jeffrey Taylor — Asesor jurídico
 Bob Ludwig — Master
 Jef Moll — Asistente de ingeniería
 Richard Patrick — Productor
 Darrell Thorp — Asistente de ingeniería
 Mio Vukovic —	A&R

Véase también
 Filter

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web de Extreme

Álbumes de 2002
Álbumes de Filter
Álbumes en inglés

The Amalgamut


Alma Fairfax Carlisle (nascida Murray, nascida em 9 de julho de 1927) é uma arquiteta e historiadora da arquitetura americana que trabalhou em Los Angeles . Seu trabalho levou à preservação de muitos distritos e locais históricos na cidade de Los Angeles.

Biografia
Carlisle nasceu e foi criada em Alexandria, Virgínia. No ensino médio, ela começou a se interessar por arquitetura e história da arquitetura, e membros da família, incluindo seu pai, envolvidos no setor imobiliário, alimentaram seus interesses. Em 1950, Carlisle se formou cum laude na Howard University com um diploma de arquitetura.

Carlisle se casou com David Kay Carlisle em 28 de julho de 1953 e eles tiveram três filhos juntos. Durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960, Carlisle era dona de casa. Em 1975, ela e sua família se mudaram para Los Angeles, onde Carlisle começou a trabalhar para a cidade de Los Angeles.

Enquanto Carlisle era uma arquiteta associado do Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering, ela ajudou a investigar e fornecer evidências para a preservação de estruturas históricas em Los Angeles. Seus levantamentos de recursos históricos, realizados em 27 bairros da cidade, levaram à "designação de quatro Zonas de Sobreposição de Preservação Histórica e mais de 50 Monumentos Histórico-Culturais. Das pesquisas, aquelas em que ela esteve mais significativamente envolvida foram Melrose Hill (1984) e Whitley Heights (1990). Em 1996, ela se aposentou da cidade, mas em 2001, ela se juntou a um escritório de arquitetura em Los Angeles, Myra L. Frank & Associates.

Referências

Leitura adicional

 Wilson, Dreck S. Arquitetos Afro-Americanos: Um Dicionário Biográfico, 1865-1945 . Nova York: Routledge, 2004. (páginas 89-90)

História de Los Angeles
Alunos da Universidade Howard
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Negres)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Pretas)
Historiadoras dos Estados Unidos

Alma Carlisle


Polymeria, biljni rod iz porodice slakovki, dio tribusa Convolvuleae. Sastoji se od jedanaest vrsta trajnica iz Australije, Malih sundskih otoka i Nove Kaledonije

Vrste
 Polymeria ambigua R.Br.
 Polymeria angusta F.Muell.
 Polymeria calycina R.Br.
 Polymeria distigma Benth.
 Polymeria lanata R.Br.
 Polymeria longifolia Lindl.
 Polymeria marginata Benth.
 Polymeria mollis (Benth.) Domin
 Polymeria pusilla R.Br.
 Polymeria quadrivalvis R.Br.
 Polymeria subhirsuta Domin

Izvori

Convolvuleae

Polymeria


Det 9. økumeniske koncil eller Første Laterankoncil blev indkaldt af pave Callistus II i 1123. Det blev afholdt i Lateranpaladset i Rom 18. til 27. marts samme år. Dette var det første kirkekoncil, det vil sige kirkemøde, efter det store skisma, og det første som blev holdt i vest. Det anerkendes som økumenisk af den katolske kirke, men ikke af den ortodokse.

Pave Callistus omtalte bispemødet som concilium generale, men i eftertiden er det blevet betragtet som det 9. økumeniske koncil, selv om det ikke er kendt, hvorvidt der deltog nogen biskopper fra øst eller om der var udsendinge fra kejseren (i Konstantinopel) tilstede.

Mindst 300 biskopper og andre kirkeledere deltog; enkelte kilder angiver, at der kan have været op til 1.000 til stede. Den katolske kirke regner det som det niende økumeniske koncil, men andre kirker anerkender det ikke som autoritativt, efter som det blev holdt etter det store skismaet i 1054. Hovedtemaet var at få en ende på investiturstriden ved at bekræfte Wormskonkordatet (1122).

Kernen i investiturstriden var hvem, som skulle udnævne biskopper – paven eller kejseren. Striden havde fundet en løsning gennem konkordatet fra Worms således, at kejseren beholdt en grad af kontrol over valget, mens paven i sidste instans indsatte personen som biskop. Koncilfædrene bekræftede denne aftale således, at den blev bindende for kirken.

Tidligere havde kirken indført princippet "Guds våbenhvile", som begrænsede krigsføring. Man kunne bare udføre krigshandlinger mandag til onsdag således, at weekenden kunne vies til religiøse handlinger (i katolsk liturgisk forstand omfatter weekenden torsdag til søndag til minde om tiden fra det sidste måltid til opstandelsen). Princippet blev anerkendt af koncilet; Tredje Laterankoncil gjorde det i 1179 bindende for hele den kristne verden.

Forbuddet mod simoni, det vil sige køb og salg af kirkelige embeder, blev fornyet.

Koncilet vedtog også 22 kanoner, som regulerede kirkelig disciplin. Disse blev basis for middelalderens kirkelove. Blandt de mest interessante er:
 Kan. 1: Forbud mod gejstlige vielser mod penge
 Kan. 2: Forbud mod at biskopper genoptager i det kirkelige fællesskab personer, som andre biskopper har ekskommuniseret.
Kan. 3: Forbud mod at præster og diakoner giftede sig, samt mod at de havde kvinder boende i deres hus udover de, som havde tilladelse efter gamle traditioner (fx hushjælp).
 Kan. 6: Ordinationer foretaget af modpave Gregor (VIII) efter, at han blev fordømt som kætter, blev erklæret ugyldige.
 Kan. 11: Beskyttelse for korsfareres familier og ejendom.
 Kan. 14: Ekskommunikation af lægfolk som beslaglagde gaver givet til kirken, og af lægfolk som brugte kirker som fæstninger (et stort problem enkelte steder, på grund af kirkens tykke mure).
 Kan. 16: Fordømmelse af de som antastede pilgrimme på vej til Rom.
 Kan. 17: Begrænsning af abbeders og munkes ret til at forrette ved kirkelige handlinger, som normalt ligger under en menigheds eller et bispedømmes ansvarsområde.

Litteratur
 Giuseppe Alberigo et aliis: Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta; 3. oplag; Bologna 1973; s. 187–194

1123
Økumeniske konciler

9. økumeniske koncil


Dewinteria, monotipski biljni iz porodice sezamovki. Jedina vrsta je  D. petrophila, afrički endem koji raste po pukotinama granitnih litica, od 800 pa do 1700 metara visine, na planinama Otjihipa i susjednim masivima u Kaokoveldu U Namibiji i Angoli.

Ime roda dano je u čast južnoafričkog botaničara Bernarda de Wintera koji je ovu biljku prvi prikupio s Ottom Leistnerom još 1957.

Cvjetovi su oblika trube, krem boje do svjetložuti, purpurni u grlu trube.

Sinonimi
 Rogeria petrophila De Winter

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
SANBI Dewinteria petrophila
Sezamovke

Dewinteria


Troels Kløvedal og Nordkaperen i det Indiske Ocean - På togt i det Røde Hav er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Ulrik Bolt Jørgensen efter manuskript af Troels Kløvedal, Ulrik Bolt Jørgensen.

Handling
Sjette dag i søen, Aden-golfen, cirka 12 grader nordlig bredde og 44 grader øst, og kursen er stik vest mod Afrika, ikke så megen vind, fire knob, gråvejr - og en forkølet skipper. Der er skiftet besætning, og Troels Kløvedal har blandt andre fået sønnen Mikkel og forfatteren Ib Michael med om bord. I Eritrea oplever de venlighed og humor i det tidligere krigshærgede land, der udkæmpede en brutal og ødelæggende krig uden de vestlige mediers bevågenhed. De dykker og fanger fisk, og Ib Michael fortæller om jagtens etik og dykningens glæder. Undervejs må der søges nødhavn, og der skiftes igen besætning, før Nordkaperen igen sætter kurs mod nye mål.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1994

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark


T-type asteroids are rare inner-belt asteroids of unknown composition with dark, featureless and moderately red spectra, and a moderate absorption feature shortwards of 0.85 μm. No direct meteorite analog has been found to date. Thought to be anhydrous, they are considered to be related to P-types or D-types, or possibly a highly altered C-type.

Examples of T-type asteroids include 96 Aegle, 114 Kassandra, 233 Asterope, and 308 Polyxo. The infrared spectrum of the first three are similar to the mineral troilite, while 308 Polyxo is modified with hydration features.

In 2010, the asteroid 596 Scheila was impacted by a projectile. The impact changed its spectrum from T-type to D-type, likely by exposing fresh material that was not weathered.

See also
Asteroid spectral types

References

Asteroid spectral classes

T-type asteroid


La Puebla de los Infantes, İspanya'nın güneybatı köşesinde bulunan özerk bölge Endülüs'ün, Sevil eyaletine bağlı bulunan belediyesi. 2002 yılındaki sayıma göre nüfusu, 3,361'dir.

La Puebla de los Infantes


Orrin Grant Hatch (født 22. marts 1934 i Pittsburgh, død 23. april 2022) var en amerikansk republikansk politiker. Han var medlem af USA's senat valgt i Utah fra 1977 indtil 2019. Hatch var ordfører i senatets finanskomite fra 2015 til 2019. Han var fra 3. januar 2015 til 2019 president pro tempore i Senatet, hvorefter han overlod hvervet til Chuck Grassley.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Medlemmer af Senatet i USA
Personer fra Utah

Orrin Hatch


හොඳ හිත යුගය යන්නෙන් සනිටුහන් වන්නේ,  නැපෝලියානු  යුද්ධ වලින් අනතුරුව, ජාතික අභිප්‍රායක් සහ ඇමරිකානුවන් අතර සමගිය පිළිබඳ හැඟීමක් ආවර්ජනය කෙරුණු, එක්සත් ජනපද දේශපාලන ඉතිහාසයේ යුගයකි.  මෙම යුගය තුලදී,   ෆෙඩරලිස්ට් පක්ෂයෙහි බිඳවැටීම සිදුවූ අතර, පළමුවන පක්ෂ  ක්‍රමය පැවතියදී, එය සහ ප්‍රමුඛ  ඩිමොක්‍රටික්-රිපබ්ලිකන් පක්ෂය අතර තිබූ කටුක පක්ෂවාදී ආරාවුල් වල කෙළවර දිටීය.  ජනාධිපති ජේම්ස් මොන්රෝ විසින් ඔහුගේ නාමයෝජනා සිදු කිරීමේදී, බලවත් ලෙසින් උත්සාහ කලේ, පක්ෂවාදී අනුබැඳියන්ට අඩු වැදගත් කමක් දීමෙන්, ජාතික සමගියේ අත්‍යන්ත අරමුණ සහ ජාතික දේශපාලනය වෙතින් පක්ෂ ක්‍රමය සහමුලින්ම තුරන් කිරීම සාක්ෂාත් කර ගැනුමටය.  මොන්රෝගේ ජනාධිපතිධුරය (1817–1825) සහ ඔහුගේ පරිපාලනමය අරමුණු හා සමග මෙම යුගය කෙතරම් සමීප සබැඳියාවක් තිබුණාදයත්, ඔහුගේ නම සහ මෙම යුගය අතර තුල්‍යාර්ථ බවක් ඇති සෙයක් හැඟෙයි. .

මෙම යුගය, හොඳ හිත පැවැති යුගයක් ලෙසින් ඉතිහාසඳයින් ලෙසින් හුවා දැක්වීම,  සමහරවිට උත්ප්‍රාසය හෝ සංශයවාදය සහිතව අවගමනය කෙරෙන්නේ,  විශේෂයෙන්ම මොන්රෝ පරිපාලනය ඇතුළත වූ පාර්ශවයන් සහ රිපබ්ලිකන් පක්ෂය අතර පැවැති, බේදකාරී සහ පීඩනයකට ලක්වුනු දේශපාලන වාතාවරණයක් පැවැති යුගයක් බවට මෙය ඉතිහාසගත වී ඇති හෙයිනි.

ඇමරිකාව පුරා ඔහුගේ හොඳ හිත චාරිකාවෙහි කොටසක් වශයෙන්, මැසචූසට්ස්, බොස්ටන් වෙත මොන්රෝගේ පැමිණීමට පසුව,  1817 ජූලි 12 දිනදී,   කොළොම්බියන් සෙන්ටිනල් නම් බොස්ටන් ෆෙඩරලිස්ට් පුවත්පතෙහි, ඊරා ඔෆ් ගුඩ් ෆීලිංස් යන වාක්‍යාංශය , බෙන්ජමින් රසල් විසින් ප්‍රබන්ධ කොට භාවිතා කෙරිණි.

ආශ්‍රිත

පුස්තක නාමාවලිය

අධෝසටහන්හී උපන්‍යාස කෙරුණු

 අම්මොන්, හැරී. ජේම්ස් මොන්රෝ: ද ක්වෙස්ට් ෆො නැෂනල් අයිඩෙන්ටිටි. නිව්යෝර්ක්: මැක්ග්‍රෝ-හිල්, නිව්යෝර්ක්, 1971.
 ----. "ජේම්ස් මැන්රෝ ඇන්ඩ් දි ඊරා ඔෆ් ගුඩ් ෆීලිංස්." වර්ජිනියා මැගසින් ඔෆ් හිස්ට්‍රි ඇන්ඩ් බයෝග්‍රෆි, LXVI, අංක. 4 (ඔක්තොම්බර් 1958 ), පිටු. 387–398, එසේස් ඔන් ජැක්සෝනියන් ඇමරිකා තුල, සංස්. ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් ඕටෝ ගෙටල්. නිව්යෝර්ක්: හෝල්ට්, රයින්හාට් ඇන්ඩ් වින්ස්ටන්, 1970.
 ඩේන්ජර්ෆීල්ඩ්, ජෝර්ජ්. දි අවේකනිං ඔෆ් ඇමරිකන් නැෂනලිසම්: 1815-1828. නිව්යෝර්ක්: හාපර් ඇන්ඩ් රෝ, 1965.

තවදුරටත් කියවීම්
 ජෝර්ජ් ඩේන්ජර්ෆීල්ඩ්. දි ඊරා ඔෆ් ගුඩ් ෆීලිංස් (1952).
 ජෝර්ජ් ඩේන්ජර්ෆීල්ඩ්.  දි අවේකනිං ඔෆ් ඇමරිකන් නැෂනලිසම්: 1815–1828 (1965).

හොඳ හිත යුගය


Lavey-Morcles is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Aigle.

The municipality was created in 1852 by a merger of Morcles and Lavey.

History
Lavey-Morcles is first mentioned in 1016 as A Laver.  In 1189 it was mentioned as Laveto and as Lavey.

Geography
Lavey-Morcles has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 18.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 62.9% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 5.1% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 1.4% is either rivers or lakes and  or 11.8% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%.  Out of the forested land, 56.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 2.0% is used for growing crops and 3.2% is pastures and 12.9% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.  Of the unproductive areas, 5.0% is unproductive vegetation and 6.8% is too rocky for vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Aigle district, on the right bank of the Rhone river.  It was created in 1852 when Lavey and Morcles merged. It consists of the villages of Lavey-Village (across from Saint-Maurice), Lavey-les-Bains, Eslex and Morcles.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Vert, a Rooster Argent, crested, langued, beaked and armed Gules.

Demographics
Lavey-Morcles has a population () of .  , 14.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 7.2%.  It has changed at a rate of 7.3% due to migration and at a rate of 1.4% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (695 or 89.0%), with German being second most common (42 or 5.4%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (18 or 2.3%).  There are 13 people who speak Italian and 1 person who speaks Romansh.

Of the population in the municipality 232 or about 29.7% were born in Lavey-Morcles and lived there in 2000.  There were 189 or 24.2% who were born in the same canton, while 221 or 28.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 118 or 15.1% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 7 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 1.  There was 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 4 non-Swiss men and 8 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 12 and the non-Swiss population increased by 7 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 2.4%.

The age distribution, , in Lavey-Morcles is; 99 children or 11.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 81 teenagers or 9.5% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 99 people or 11.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  108 people or 12.7% are between 30 and 39, 117 people or 13.7% are between 40 and 49, and 132 people or 15.5% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 99 people or 11.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 63 people or 7.4% are between 70 and 79,there are 47 people or 5.5% who are 80 and 89, and there are 6 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.

, there were 284 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 380 married individuals, 56 widows or widowers and 61 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 349 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 126 households that consist of only one person and 19 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 359 households that answered this question, 35.1% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 107 married couples without children, 88 married couples with children There were 21 single parents with a child or children.  There were 4 households that were made up of unrelated people and 10 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 166 single family homes (or 63.6% of the total) out of a total of 261 inhabited buildings.  There were 70 multi-family buildings (26.8%), along with 14 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (5.4%) and 11 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.2%).  Of the single family homes 36 were built before 1919, while 8 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The most multi-family homes (32) were built before 1919 and the next most (11) were built between 1919 and 1945.

 there were 484 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 172.  There were 19 single room apartments and 94 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 339 apartments (70.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 88 apartments (18.2%) were seasonally occupied and 57 apartments (11.8%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 37.31% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the FDP (20.9%), the SP (15.26%) and the Green Party (9.02%).  In the federal election, a total of 260 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.3%.

Economy
, Lavey-Morcles had an unemployment rate of 6.1%.  , there were 11 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector.  60 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 7 businesses in this sector.  123 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 18 businesses in this sector. There were 362 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.1% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 172.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 7, all of which were in agriculture.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 56 of which 7 or (12.5%) were in manufacturing and 28 (50.0%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109.  In the tertiary sector; 10 or 9.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 1.8% were in the movement and storage of goods, 51 or 46.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 2.8% were technical professionals or scientists, and 17 or 15.6% were in health care.

, there were 211 workers who commuted into the municipality and 256 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 11% used public transportation to get to work, and 66% used a private car.

Religion
From the , 363 or 46.5% were Roman Catholic, while 306 or 39.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 7 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.90% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 8 individuals (or about 1.02% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 9 (or about 1.15% of the population) who were Islamic.  There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church.  56 (or about 7.17% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 29 individuals (or about 3.71% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Lavey-Morcles about 303 or (38.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 53 or (6.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 53 who completed tertiary schooling, 49.1% were Swiss men, 32.1% were Swiss women, 11.3% were non-Swiss men.

In the 2009/2010 school year there was 1 student in the Lavey-Morcles school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the district provided pre-school care for a total of 205 children of which 96 children (46.8%) received subsidized pre-school care.  There were no students in the primary school program, which lasts four years.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there was 1 student in this school.

, there were 72 students in Lavey-Morcles who came from another municipality, while 82 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

References

External links

Lavey-Morcles