John Grinham Kerr (Nueva York, 15 de noviembre de 1931 - Pasadena, 2 de febrero de 2013) fue un actor y abogado estadounidense.

Primeros años
Los padres de Kerr, Geoffrey Kerr y June Walker, fueron ambos actores de teatro y películas, y su abuelo fue Frederick Kerr, un afamado actor en el periodo 1880-1930; John desarrolló un temprano interés en seguir los mismos pasos. Creció en el área de la ciudad de Nueva York, y fue a la Phillips Exeter Academy en Nueva Inglaterra; después del colegio trabajó en el Teatro Brattle en Cambridge, y en el teatro Summer Stock.

Carrera en teatro
Hizo su debut en Broadway en 1953 en la obra de Mary Coyle Chase, Bernardine, una comedia de preparatoria por la cual ganó un Theatre World Award. En 1955, actuó como un estudiante problemático en la obra de Robert Woodruff Anderson Té y simpatía. Ganó un Premio Tony por su actuación, y protagonizó la película del mismo nombre al año siguiente.

Carrera en cine y televisión

Su primer trabajo de actuación fue en 1954 en la serie de televisión de la NBC Justice como un jugador de baloncesto que cree que los jugadores han arruinado su éxito en las canchas. Su madre apareció con él en la serie, la cual se enfoca en los casos de abogados con la "Legal Aid Society" del estado de Nueva York.

Él fue el coprotagonista de Leslie Caron en Gaby (1956), el tercer remake de Waterloo Bridge que, en su versión de 1931, participó el abuelo de John Frederick Kerr. John Kerr fue estelar con Deborah Kerr en Té y simpatía haciendo el papel de Tom Lee, un muchacho sensible de 17 años con falta de interés en los aspectos "varoniles" de los deportes, montañismo, además de que las chicas lo etiquetan como "sister-boy" (hermana-chico) en el colegio al que asiste. Laura, la esposa del jefe maestro Bill Reynold ve sufrir a Tom a manos de sus compañeros de escuela (y del esposo de ella), y trata de ayudarlo a encontrarse a sí mismo. John Kerr tuvo un papel mayor en la versión en película de Rodgers and Hammerstein South Pacific (1958), actuando como el teniente Joe Cable, un recién llegado que va a ser enviado en una peligrosa misión de espionaje. En The Crowded Sky (1960), Kerr actuó como un piloto que ayuda al capitán (Dana Andrews) a dirigir un aeroplano herido de vuelta a tierra. Su otra única aparición notable en una película fue en el film de Roger Corman Pit and the Pendulum (1961), coprotagonizado por Vincent Price y Barbara Steele.

En 1965, Kerr fue la estrella invitada en el programa de la NBC The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Tuvo un papel regular en la serie de la ABC-TV en horario estelar, Peyton Place, actuando como el abogado de distrito John Fowler durante la temporada 1965-66. En 1964-65 apareció como estrella invitada en varios episodios de Twelve O'Clock High. Durante la década de 1970, Kerr tuvo un papel recurrente como el fiscal Gerald O'Brien en la serie de televisión de Quinn Martin The Streets of San Francisco. Su última aparición como actor fue en 1992, en un papel menor para The Ray Bradbury Theater.

Carrera de abogado
Alrededor de 1966-67 Kerr se interesó en la dirección de películas, y trabajó como aprendiz con Leo Penn, quien entonces estaba dirigiendo episodios de la serie de televisión de Ben Gazzara Run for Your Life; pero Kerr fue rápidamente desencantado por los aspectos mundanos del trabajo, y decidió ingresar en la Facultad de Derecho de la UCLA. Se graduó en dicha facultad, pasando "el listón" de California en 1970. Desde entonces siguió la profesión de abogado a tiempo completo en Beverly Hills, pero aceptó ocasionalmente pequeños papeles en una variedad de producciones de televisión a lo largo de los años.

Vida personal
Conoció a Priscilla Smith en una clase de lengua y literatura serbocroata en Harvard; se casaron el 28 de diciembre de 1952, y se divorciaron en 1972. Se casó con Barbara Chu en 1979. Kerr tuvo tres hijos (un varón y dos hijas) de su primer matrimonio, y dos hijastros de su segundo matrimonio.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Abogados de Estados Unidos
Actores de teatro de Estados Unidos
Actores de Estados Unidos
Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actores de cine de Estados Unidos
Alumnado de la Universidad de California en Los Ángeles
Ganadores del premio Tony
Personas de Nueva York (estado)
Fallecidos en Pasadena (California)

John Kerr (actor)


Maranello (Modenese: ) is a town and comune in the province of Modena in Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy, 18 km from Modena, with a population of 17,504 as of 2017. It is known worldwide as the home of Ferrari and the Formula 1 racing team, Scuderia Ferrari. Maranello was also home to coachbuilding firm Carrozzeria Scaglietti, owned by Ferrari.

Ferrari SpA
Maranello has been the location of the Ferrari factory since the early 1940s. During World War II, Enzo Ferrari transferred to Modena, ending its ownership of Alfa Romeo. Initially Ferrari's factory in Maranello was shared with Auto Avio Costruzioni, a machine tool manufacturing business started by Enzo to tide the company over while Alfa Romeo's ban on Enzo Ferrari making cars bearing the Ferrari name was in force. Maranello also houses the Museo Ferrari public museum, collecting sports and racing cars and trophies.

Its new library opened in November 2011, and was designed by Arata Isozaki and Andrea Maffei.

Maranello is the starting point of the annual Italian Marathon, which finishes in nearby Carpi.

Main sights
Maranello's new town library was designed jointly by Andrea Maffei and Isozaki. The library opened in 2012.
The parish church of San Biagio was rebuilt in 1903.

People
Enzo Ferrari, car driver and founder of Ferrari (company)
Umberto Masetti (4 May 1926 - 28 May 2006 Maranello), World Champion Grand Prix motorcycle racer
Michael Schumacher, F1 racer and honorary citizen of Maranello
Edinson Cavani, Uruguayan footballer of Italian descent from Maranello

References

Twin towns
 Ozieri, Italy, since 1986
 Ittireddu, Italy, since 1986
 Bultei, Italy, since 1986
 Burgos, Italy, since 1986
 Termini Imerese, Italy, since 1986

External links

Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna

Maranello


George Dewey Wallace () a fost un actor american.

Biografie

Filmografie parțială
 Man in the Saddle (1951)
 Japanese War Bride (1952)
 Radar Men from the Moon (1952)
 Kansas City Confidential  (1952)
 Million Dollar Mermaid (1952)
 The Lawless Breed (1952)
 Arena  (1953)
  Border River (1954)
 The Human Jungle (1954)
  Destry (1954)
 Man Without a Star (1955)
 The Second Great Sex (1955)
  Forbidden Planet (1956)
  Six Black Horses  (1962)
  Texas Across the River  (1966)
  Skin Game (1971)
  The Towering Inferno  (1974)
  Native Son  (1986)
 Punchline  (1988)
  Postcards from the Edge  (1990)
 The Swinging Cheerleaders (1974)
 The Boys (1991)
  Defending Your Life  (1991)
  The Haunted  (1991) - film tv
  Diggstown  (1992)
  My Girl 2  (1994)
  Almost Dead  (1994)
  Multiplicity  (1996)
 Forces of Nature (1999)
 Omul bicentenar (1999)
 Minority Report (2002)

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
Listă de actori americani

Nașteri în 1917
Decese în 2005
Actori americani

George D. Wallace


The 2004 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses were an election held on January 19 as part of the United States presidential primary. They were the first major test of some of the leading contenders for the Democratic Party's nomination as its candidate for the 2004 United States presidential election.

Candidates
 Howard Dean, former governor of Vermont
 John Edwards, U.S. senator from North Carolina
 Dick Gephardt, U.S. representative from Missouri
 John Kerry, U.S. senator from Massachusetts
 Dennis Kucinich, U.S. representative from Ohio

Campaign
The first contenders for the nomination arrived in Iowa almost two years before the caucuses were held. The first to arrive were Dick Gephardt and Howard Dean, who began to make occasional speeches there and started to build an organization. In 2003, John Kerry, John Edwards, Carol Moseley Braun, and Dennis Kucinich all began to campaign heavily in the state.

Gephardt went into the campaign with high expectations. He was from a neighboring state, Missouri, had strong union backing, and he had won the state in 1988. During 2003, however, Howard Dean began to grow in popularity across the country on a strong anti-war message that appealed to the party base. Gephardt continued to do well, but Kerry and Edwards both sank to single-digit levels of support. Kucinich and Moseley Braun were never considered strong contenders and polled poorly throughout the campaign.

Three of the Democratic candidates sat out the caucuses. Joe Lieberman and Al Sharpton did not believe they could get sufficient support in the state and concentrated their efforts on New Hampshire. Wesley Clark got into the race too late to be competitive in Iowa.

On January 10, Howard Dean got a major boost when Iowa's senior Senator Tom Harkin endorsed him. On January 15, Carol Moseley Braun withdrew from the race and also threw her support behind Dean.

During the last weeks of the campaign, however, the polls began to indicate a significant change in support. Dean and Gephardt had been hammering each other with negative advertisements, and both began losing support to revived Edwards and Kerry campaigns. Edwards received a major boost when he was endorsed by Iowa's largest newspaper.

Shortly before the caucus, Edwards and Kucinich reached an agreement in which they would ask their supporters to back the other camp in any precinct where they lacked the necessary numbers to qualify for delegates. The deal was widely seen as a blow to the Gephardt campaign, which had expected to pick up the compatibly pro-union Kucinich supporters in such circumstances.

Results
The results were very similar to that indicated by last-minute polling but were a surprise compared with weeks earlier.

Source: Des Moines Register

It was reported that 124,331 Iowans participated in the caucuses. The initial county caucuses assigned delegates for further caucuses with delegates not being bound to vote for the candidate. Actual delegates to the Democratic National Convention would be chosen later: 29 at the district caucuses on April 24, 2004 and 16 at the state convention on June 12, 2004. Besides these 45 delegates assigned through the caucus system, 10 other delegates are assigned by the state party and one is elected at large at the state convention. The successful candidate at the 2004 Democratic National Convention required approximately 2,160 delegates to win the nomination.

The results showed a similar pattern across the state. Dean failed to win the support of the college areas as he had hoped, and Gephardt was not successful in winning the union areas.

Consequences
The Iowa caucuses revived the once moribund campaign of Kerry, who proceeded to the New Hampshire primary as one of the front-runners, and ultimately captured the Democratic nomination. Edwards, who had been written off even more than Kerry, used the Iowa results and the later South Carolina primary to give him another boost.

The results were a blow to Dean, who had for weeks been expected to win the caucuses. He planned afterward to move quickly to New Hampshire where he expected to do well and regain momentum. At the time, he had far more money than any other candidate and did not spend much of it in Iowa. Dean's aggressive post-caucus speech to his supporters, culminating with a hoarse scream that came to be known as the Dean Scream, was widely shown and mocked on television, although the effect on his campaign was unclear.

The results were disastrous for Dick Gephardt. He had frequently stated that a win in Iowa was essential for his candidacy. He had been seen as the front-runner for well over a year but ended up fourth, effectively ending his campaign. He cancelled planned campaign stops in New Hampshire and dropped out of the race on January 20.

Dennis Kucinich was never expected to win much support in Iowa. His fifth-place finish did not affect his plans to continue campaigning.

See also
 Opinion polling for the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries
 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries

References

Notes

2004
Iowa
2004 Iowa elections


Jeanne Lazarus, née en 1978, est une sociologue française, directrice de recherche au CNRS et doyenne du Collège universitaire de  Sciences Po Paris.

Biographie

Famille
Son père, Antoine Lazarus, est professeur émérite de médecine à l'université Paris  et a été président de l'Observatoire international des prisons. Sa mère, Caroline Mangin-Lazarus, est psychiatre. Elle a une sœur, Marthe Lazarus. Jeanne Lazarus est la petite-fille du résistant et compagnon de la libération Stanislas Mangin, l'arrière-petite-fille du général d'armée Charles Mangin, du ministre, président du conseil et compagnon de la libération René Pleven et du juriste Albert Chenevier.

Elle vit en couple avec l'historien et ancien ministre Pap Ndiaye. Ils ont deux enfants.

Jeunesse et études
Jeanne Lazarus est diplômée de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris en 2001. Elle est reçue à l'agrégation de sciences économiques et sociales en 2002. Elle est docteur en sociologie de l'EHESS en 2009.

Elle est titulaire d'une habilitation à diriger les recherches de l'université Paris 8 Vincennes (2019).

Parcours professionnel
Elle est directrice de recherche au CNRS, membre du Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po CSO). Ses recherches portent sur la sociologie de l'argent et les relations entre les particuliers et les banques.

Depuis septembre 2023, elle est doyenne du Collège universitaire de Sciences Po Paris.

Elle a dirigé le département de sociologie de Sciences Po entre février 2020 et février 2022.

En 2019, elle est élue présidente du Conseil de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris. À ce titre, elle prononce l'éloge de Viviana Zelizer le , lorsque celle-ci reçoit le titre de docteure  de Sciences Po.

Lors de l'élection du nouveau directeur de Sciences Po, Mathias Vicherat, elle fait modifier la règle électorale pour exiger la majorité absolue des voix au sein du Conseil de l'IEP. Elle quitte cette fonction en 2022.

Publications

Ouvrages
 Sociologie de l'argent, avec Damien de Blic, Paris, La Découverte, 2007 (nouvelle édition en 2021), 121 pages
 L'Épreuve de l'argent : banques, banquiers, clients, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 2012
 Contre l'argent fou : une anthologie, avec Damien de Blic, Le Monde, 2012
 Le Biais comportementaliste, avec Henri Bergeron, Patrick Castel, Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier, Étienne Nouguez et Olivier Pilmis, Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2018
 Les Politiques de l'argent, Paris, PUF, 2022, 333 pages

Articles et chapitres d'ouvrages
 , Vingtième siècle. Revue d'histoire, 2006/3 n°91, pages 137 à 152, lire en ligne
 , dans Sociétés contemporaines, 2009/4 n° 76, pages 17 à 39
 , Genèses, 2013/4, n° 93, pages 76 à 97
 .
 , Civitas. Revista de Ciências Sociais 17 (01), janvier-avril 2017,  .

Références

Liens externes

Sociologue français du XXIe siècle
Femme sociologue
Directeur de recherche au CNRS
Enseignant à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Chercheur en sciences humaines et sociales
Élève de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Agrégé de sciences économiques et sociales
Docteur en sociologie de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales
Conjoint ou conjointe d'un ministre de la Cinquième République
Naissance en 1978

Jeanne Lazarus


Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (; ; ; 1506 – 11 October 1579) was an Ottoman statesman of Serbian origin most notable for being the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Born in Ottoman Herzegovina into an Orthodox Christian family, Mehmed was recruited as a young boy as part of so called "blood tax" to serve as a janissary to the Ottoman devşirme system of recruiting Christian boys to be raised as officers or administrators for the state. He rose through the ranks of the Ottoman imperial system, eventually holding positions as commander of the imperial guard (1543–1546), High Admiral of the Fleet (1546–1551), Governor-General of Rumelia (1551–1555), Third Vizier (1555–1561), Second Vizier (1561–1565), and as Grand Vizier (1565–1579, for a total of 14 years, three months, 17 days) under three sultans: Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He was assassinated in 1579, ending his near 15-years of service to several Sultans, as sole legal representative in the administration of state affairs.

Although Sokullu was Muslim, he remembered his Serbian Orthodox roots and his family. He persuaded the Sultan to restore the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć as a "gesture of reconciliation". He appointed members of his family (both Muslim and Christian) to important positions in Ottoman Empire, including Makarije Sokolović, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović, Sinan-beg Boljanić, Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha and Lala Mustafa Pasha.

Biography

Early years

Sokollu's birth name was probably Bajica, and he was of ethnic Serb origin. He was said to be born into a modest shepherd family, adherent to the Serbian Orthodox Church, in or near Sokolovići (tr. Sokol) in the vicinity of modern-day Rudo. "Sokollu" is a demonym, derived from his place of birth, whereas the suffix -lu means "from" in Turkish. His father was named Dimitrije. He had two brothers and a sister, who married the older brother of Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić, as well as at least one uncle. However, details about his family and relations are disputed on two major counts. One is his relationship to Makarije Sokolović. Traditionally identified as his brother, today some historians consider him to have been either a nephew or distant relative. The second is the matter of Mehmed's uncle. By some accounts, his uncle was a monk at the Mileševa monastery who had his two nephews, Bajica and Makarije (taken to be brothers according to this view), educated there. Other sources suggest that his uncle converted to Islam early.

Though Sokollu had embraced Islam, he remembered his family and Serbian Orthodox roots. He would appoint his relatives (both Muslim and Christian) to important positions, including Makarije Sokolović, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović, Sinan-beg Boljanić, Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha and Lala Mustafa Pasha.

Janissary education
He was renamed Mehmed and, first in Edirne and then in Constantinople, received a thorough Ottoman indoctrination as a recruit, first as an apprentice Janissary (in Turkish Acemi Oğlan); then in the Enderun or palace school in Topkapı Palace.

As proclaimed in Baghdad on 13 March 1535, Mehmed was sent to be one of the seven retainers of the Imperial Treasurer Iskender Çelebi. Upon Iskender's death, Mehmed returned to Constantinople. In addition to Turkish, he spoke Serbian, Persian, Arabic, Venetian-Italian and Latin language.

Early career
Mehmed in 1541 first became an Imperial Chamberlain and then the head of the Sultan's squires. In these positions he became very close to Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and learned from him.

As a soldier, Mehmed excelled at the Battle of Mohács and the first Siege of Vienna. In 1546 the Kapudan Pasha Hayreddin Barbarossa died and Mehmed was appointed his successor. In this capacity he was present at the naval expedition against Trablus (present-day Tripoli in Libya). During his five years in this position, Mehmed Pasha greatly strengthened the arsenal of the naval fleet.

Mehmed became Beylerbey (Governor-General) of Rumelia in 1551, headquartered in Sofia. While he was visiting the area of his birth, his mother recognized him by the birthmark on his face and embraced her child for the first time in more than thirty years.

After the death of John Zápolya, king of Hungary as an Ottoman vassal, in 1540, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor looked to annex Zápolya's lands (the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom). The Hungarian diet had elected infant John Sigismund Zápolya, the son of Zápolya and Isabella Jagiellon, as King of Hungary, which broke the Treaty of Nagyvárad, and Ferdinand I invaded Hungary. Queen Isabella struggled to rule Hungary for her son. Frater George Martinuzzi, appointed by John as regent, opposed her (he would later be created a Cardinal as reward for his accomplishments in this conflict). Ferdinand I sent mercenary leader (condottiero) Bartolomeo Castoldo with more than 7,000 mercenaries who beat a contingent led by Péter Petrovics, killing more than 2,500 of them, near Csanád. The Sultan immediately ordered Sokollu Mehmed Pasha to move into Hungary, so he assembled an army of 90,000 soldiers and fifty-four cannons and also summoned the pashas of Smederevo, Vidin and Nicopolis. When his forces reached Slankamen in Syrmia, George Martinuzzi begged Mehmed not to attack Transylvania, arguing that it had remained in the possession of the Sultan. Mehmed rejected negotiation proposals, led Ottoman forces into Transylvania and soon captured 16 cities, including Bečej, Becskerek, Csanád and Lippa. In this campaign, Sokollu won over to his side local Serb-manned garrisons by pointing out to his common ethnicity with them. Martinuzzi responded by raising a rebellion in Transylvania, mustering one soldier from every household. Mehmed had to fall back and once again laid siege to Temesvár on 14 October with the main part of his army and 50 cannons. Mehmed demanded surrender, but the city's commander, István Losonci, replied with a recommendation for Mehmed's return to Rumelia.

Mehmed besieged the city until 28 October but could not seize it. Retreating to Belgrade, he initiated peace negotiations with the Monk-Viceroy. Martinuzzi was assassinated on 17 December 1551, and peace talks ended. Sokollu Mehmed renewed his military campaign in 1552, seizing Temesvár (see Siege of Temesvár (1552)), Hollókő, Buják, Rétság, Balassagyarmat, the whole of Banat and Szolnok. Sokollu Mehmed's forces then joined with those of Ahmet Pasha advancing towards Eger. Mehmed's army assembled on the Hill of Egid but could not take the city itself.

In 1532, Sultan Suleiman had declared war on Safavid Persia following two decades of peace after the climactic Battle of Chaldiran, when the Persian Shah Tahmasp wanted to take advantage of the Sultan's preoccupation with Hungary and started making armed incursions into Ottoman territory. Sokollu Mehmed was dispatched to spend the winter of 1553/1554 in Tokat to take charge of the final stages of the war against Persia. In June 1554, Mehmed Pasha and the Rumelian troops joined the Sultan's army and took part in the Safavid Campaign (1554–55).

Vizier

Third Vizier
Impressed by Sokollu Mehmed's skills, the Sultan made him the Third Vizier in 1555 and he was given a place in the Imperial Council (Divan). His position as Governor-General of Rumelia was given to a Herzegovinian Janissary agha, Pertev Pasha, an old companion of Mehmed's from when they had both served under Iskender Çelebi.

Almost immediately Sokollu Mehmed had to quell a rebellion around Salonica, led by Mustafa Bey, who pretended to be the Sultan's late son Mustafa. Sokollu Mehmed took 4,000 horsemen and 3,000 janissaries and quelled the rebellion. Mustafa Bey was hanged.

Mehmed's brother, Topuzli-Makarije, became a monk of the Serb Chilandar Monastery on Mount Athos. Makarije Sokolović paid a visit to his brother's palace in Constantinople in 1557, where the two brothers discussed the possibility of re-establishing the autocephaly of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Later that same year, Sokollu Mehmed issued an edict (firman) declaring the restoration of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć, with Makarije Sokolović as Serbian Patriarch Makarije I. The edict also guaranteed the rights and religious freedom of all inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire.

When the former Grand Vizier Ahmet Pasha was deposed and hanged, he was replaced by Rüstem Pasha, who had numerous enemies. One of them was Lala Mustafa, who instigated the Sultan's third son, Bayezid, then Beylerbey of Karaman, to raise a rebellion against his brother and heir-apparent Selim. Sokollu Mehmed mustered an army and went to Konya, where he decisively defeated Bayezid's forces in May 1559. Bayezid fled to Persia. Sokollu Mehmed remained in Asia and spent the winter negotiating with the Persian Shah regarding Bayezid's extradition. After long negotiations, the Shah handed over Bayezid and his four sons, who were subsequently executed.

Second Vizier
In 1561, Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha died and was succeeded by the Second Vizier, Semiz Ali Pasha. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha in turn became Second Vizier, while Pertev Pasha became Third Vizier.

On 17 August 1562, Sokollu Mehmed married Sultan Suleiman's granddaughter – Prince Selim's daughter – Ismihan Sultan (some sources read her name as Esma Han Sultan) . Mehmed spent the following years in peace, governing and administering the realm.

In 1564, Mehmed's nephew, Sokollu Mustafa Bey, became Viceroy of the Eyalet of Bosnia.

Grand Vizier
In June 1565, Grand Vizier Semiz Ali Pasha died. Sultan Suleiman had much confidence in Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and promoted him to this position.

War with the Habsburgs

In late 1565 and early 1566, tensions between the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and Sultan Suleiman grew. Maximilian wanted the cities previously taken by Telli Hasan Pasha restored to him. When negotiations failed, Maximilian declared war and Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha ordered his nephew, Sokollu Mustafa Bey of Bosnia, to advance against Maximilian. Mustafa managed to capture the cities of Krupa and Dvor na Uni. The Sultan immediately declared war against the Holy Roman Empire, and Sokollu Mehmed began the preparations for the army's advance. The Grand Vizier went ahead, preparing for the arrival of the Sultan, who was leading the main part of the Ottoman forces. After 50 days, they arrived in Belgrade.

Passing through Zemun, one part of the army crossed Varaždin and struck Egar before proceeding towards Vienna. Nikola Šubić Zrinski (Miklós Zrínyi) had defeated the sanjakbey Tirhal Mohammed, executing him and his son, and capturing 17,000 ducats. This incurred the Sultan's wrath, and he dispatched Sokollu Mehmed's forces to besiege Szigetvár, while Suleiman remained in Harsang. The commander of Buda, Arslan Pasha, lost the cities of Várpalota, Veszprém and Tata. The Sultan sent a platoon of fifteen troopers to bring him Arslan Pasha's head, but Arslan had already left his forces three days earlier and was on his way to the Sultan. The Sultan showed Sokollu Mehmed a letter in which Arslan had insulted him, and on 3 August, when Arslan reported to Mehmed's tent with 15 heavily armed horsemen, Sokollu Mehmed criticized Arslan for his conduct, accused him of treason and stripped him of his post, giving it instead to his nephew Sokollu Mustafa Bey.

The Sultan arrived with Sokollu Mehmed's sons, Kurt Bey and Hasan Bey, at Pécs. Finally, the large Ottoman force, which numbered between 100,000 and 300,000 soldiers and 300 cannons, laid siege to Szigetvár. The Battle of Szigetvár was an Ottoman victory, with heavy losses on both sides. Both commanders died during the battle: while Zrinsky was killed in the final charge, Suleiman the Magnificent died in his tent from natural causes, before the Turks achieved victory. According to Robert William Fraser, more than 10,000 large cannonballs where shot into the fortress during the siege.

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha had all witnesses to the Sultan's death executed, and announced that Suleiman was too sick to perform his duties and that he would be healing in Szigetvár, while he would be acting on the Sultan's behalf. Sokollu Mehmed rewarded those involved in the capture of Szigetvár and increased the soldiers' wages. He sent a part of the army to capture Babócsa. The Tartars, however, spread the news of the Sultan's death, and Sokollu Mustafa Bey wrote to Prince Selim about his father's death. Selim marched immediately towards Srem. Upon his arrival in Vukovar, Sokollu Mehmed wrote him that it would be best if he went to Belgrade to greet his army for a more formal and effective take-over of the Empire. Selim returned to Belgrade, and Mehmed ordered the army to march towards the town. Forty days after the Sultan's death, in October 1566, the army set out for Belgrade. At the fourth stop on the way to Belgrade, forty-eight days after Suleiman's death, Sokollu Mehmed announced the Sultan's death ceremonially, during the traditional reading of the Koran. Sokollu Mehmed had Suleiman's body embalmed and ordered the army to proceed to meet the new Sultan in Belgrade. After three marches, the army arrived in Sremska Mitrovica. Mehmed reminded Selim to send gifts to the viziers, pashas and the army, but Selim's advisors convinced the new Sultan not to do so. Sokollu Mehmed went to Belgrade and swore allegiance to Selim II as his Sultan, and Selim confirmed him as his Grand Vizier.

Expecting a mutiny among the military in the capital, Sokollu Mehmed had Suleiman's body sent to Constantinople to restore order amongst the janissaries and other officials, who now demanded more compensation for their past efforts. In Belgrade, Sultan Selim II called a council, as even some of his closest officials were openly mocking him. Sokollu Mehmed assured him that he would manage everything effectively, and distributed gifts to the troops, rewarding them handsomely to regain their loyalty.

On the fifth day of their stay in Belgrade, the Sultan, Sokollu Mehmed and the army departed for Constantinople. Before they managed to return to the Empire's capital, a mutiny broke out and the road to the city was blocked, and Sokollu Mehmed and Ahmed Pasha had to bribe their way into the city. Order was restored after Sokollu Mehmed convinced the Sultan to promise to send handsome gifts and higher wages to the janissaries. The next morning, each janissary was given standard pay of 40 ducats and an additional 20 ducats as an accession bonus. Soon, the other branches of the military, the sipahis and mercenaries, demanded higher wages as well. Mehmed arrested and replaced their aghas at once, finally stopping all dissent.

Two years after Selim's accession, on 17 February 1568, Sokollu Mehmed succeeded in concluding at Edirne a peace treaty with Emperor Maximilian II, whereby the Emperor agreed to pay an annual "honorary present" of 30,000 ducats.

Expedition to Sumatra
One of Sokollu's greatest responsibilities was planning an Ottoman invasion of Sumatra in 1567. Historical records from the time show that Sokollu played an active role in the strategic execution of the invasion and that he was extremely detailed in the logistics. Later on, Sokollu would also participate in the expedition as a commander. According to these historical records, between November and December 1567 Sokollu and his expedition took sail to Aceh with fifteen fully armed war galleys and two transport galleys. Upon a seemingly friendly arrival to Aceh, the sultan of Sumatra requested that all the members of the expedition follow his orders. The sultan later offered his loyalty to the Ottoman Empire and forged a bond of mutual understanding between Istanbul and Aceh.

Expedition to Yemen
Immediately after the expedition to Sumatra, the Ottoman Empire suffered a major rebellion from one of their most important settlements. An uprising led by Zaydi Imam in Yemen created substantial uncertainty in the region which Sokollu had to give imminent priority before taking any further action in Aceh. While the insurrection in Yemen started in the summer of 1567, it was not taking seriously by the Ottoman regime until later in the year, when most of the major cities in the region came under fire by the rebellious factions. It is believed that the cause of the dissatisfaction in Yemen was the intensified Ottoman involvement in the region as a prelude for an expansion in the Indian Ocean. The unhappiness in the Ottoman Yemen also went back to the rule of Governor Mahmud Pasha, a compatriot of Sokollu, who managed to produce large economic gains in the region at the expense of the wellbeing of the population. After Mahmud's wrongdoings in Yemen had been revealed, Sokollu decided to appoint Koja Sinan, who was assigned the responsibilities to appease the turmoils in Yemen.

Suez Canal
Although the rebellions in Yemen once again forced Sokollu to postpone any further military action in Sumatra and the Indian Ocean, it also opened the possibility to promote one of his favorite projects: and attempt to build a canal from the Mediterranean to Suez. He instructed the governor of Egypt to send architects engineers to assess the possibility of this canal, with the purpose of allowing a better connection from Muslims attempting to visit the Holy Cities. Sokollu also was concerned about Muslims from the northeast, Crimea and Anatolia, who had to cross the Black Sea in order to visit the Holy Cities. Thus, he took actions for the construction of an open canal between the Don and the Volga in the north.

Wars with Russia, Venice and the Holy League
Mehmed Pasha had little success against Russia, and the first encounter between the Ottoman Empire and her future northern rival presaged the disaster to come. A plan had been devised at Constantinople for connecting the Volga and Don by a canal, and in the summer of 1569 a large force of janissaries and cavalry was sent to lay siege to Astrakhan and begin the canal works, while an Ottoman fleet besieged Azov. However, a sortie of the garrison of Astrakhan drove back the besiegers.  A Russian army of 15,000 men attacked and scattered the workmen and the Tatar force sent for their protection, and the Ottoman fleet was destroyed by a storm. Early in 1570 the ambassadors of Ivan the Terrible concluded at Constantinople a treaty which restored friendly relations between the Sultan and the Tsar.

Although the government was weakening, Sokollu Mehmed Paşa managed to expand the borders of the Ottoman Empire greatly. In 1570 he dispatched Sinan Pasha to conquer Arabia. Sinan Pasha solemnly declared the reign of Sultan Selim II in Mecca upon finishing his military campaign in Hejaz and Yemen.

In 1571–1572, on the order Mehmed's wife Ismihan Sultan (or Esma Han Sultan), the famous architect Mimar Sinan built the Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Mosque, which an authoritative guide to Constantinople states to be "The most beautiful of the smaller mosques in Istanbul, a minor masterpiece by Sinan".

During the rule of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha as Grand Vizier, the Ottoman navy and army took Cyprus in 1571 from Venice. The administration of Cyprus was given to Mehmed's old friend, the Arab Ahmed Pasha. The invasion of Cyprus led to the formation of a so-called Holy League, comprising the Pope, Spain with Naples and Sicily, the Republic of Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, and the Knights of Malta. On 7 October 1571, the coalition's fleet under the command of Don Juan of Austria decisively defeated the Ottoman fleet under Müezzinzade Ali Pasha in the Battle of Lepanto.

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha immediately ensured that Piyale Pasha and Uluç Ali Reis, the new Grand Admiral, were provided with all the necessary means and resources to rebuild the Empire's shattered fleet. By July 1572 the Ottoman fleet already numbered 250 fully equipped warships "including eight of the largest capital ships ever seen in the Mediterranean". It is reported in Turkish chronicles that Sokollu Mehmed Pasha had said to the Venetian Ambassador "By conquering Cyprus we have cut off one of your arms; at Lepanto by defeating our navy you have only shaved off our beard. However, you know that a cut-off arm cannot be replaced but shaved-off beard grows thicker." Indeed, the Holy League ships had to retire to ports and Ottoman naval supremacy in the Mediterranean was restored. The new Ottoman Navy that started a naval expedition in summer of 1573 under Uluç Ali Reis found no rivals in the Mediterranean and ravaged the coasts of Sicily and southern Italy and in 1574 it captured Tunis from the Hafsids, who for some time had been supported by Spanish troops, thus restoring Ottoman domination in the Western Mediterranean.

On 3 March 1573, the Venetian Republic signed a new peace treaty with the Ottomans under Mehmed Pasha, thereby bringing the Holy League to an end, accepting the loss of Cyprus and increasing the tribute payments. He also extended for eight more years the peace treaty with the Holy Roman Empire and maintained good relations with France, Poland-Lithuania and Russia. He was preparing for a fresh attack on Venice when the Sultan's death on 12 December 1574 cut short his plans.

Final years

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's wealth reached its peak around 1573, when the value of his personal property (cash, goods, accounts, objects) amounted to 18 million ducats. Mehmed received the standard Grand Vizier's wage of 20 ducats every day. His wealth increased greatly through gifts and taxes of Ottoman officials: anyone who became a vizier had to pay Mehmed Pasha 50,000-60,000 ducats, and every Governor-General had to pay 15,000-20,000 or even sometimes 30,000-40,000 ducats upon ascending to the office. The provincial governor of Egypt at Cairo alone dispatched 100,000 ducats to the Grand Vizier every year.

On 30 August 1574, Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha installed his nephew Antonije Sokolović, then the Metropolitan of Hum, as the new Eastern Orthodox Archbishop of Ohrid. On 23 October the same year, upon the death of Patriarch Makarije's death, Antonije became the new Serbian Patriarch. Antonije died soon, in 1575, and was replaced by yet another one of Mehmed's nephews, Gerasim Sokolović.

When Sultan Selim II died, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha again kept this secret until Selim's oldest son Murad arrived from his governor's post in Manisa. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha acknowledged the new Sultan, Murad III, and remained Grand Vizier, but now he had to cope with the rising political influence of the palace women, first with Sultan's mother Nurbanu Sultan and then his wife, of Albanian origin, Safiye Sultan. Murad III gradually soured on Sokollu Mehmed's overwhelming power within the Empire, and the Grand Vizier's influence declined.

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha was involved in the succession disputes of the Polish Crown in 1576 and 1577, but this did not reach greater measures.

Sokollu Mehmed signed numerous treaties of friendship with Venice, Florence, Spain, England and Switzerland. He also managed to force a number of European states to pay tribute: Austria paid 9,000 ducats; Transylvania 3,000; Wallachia 7,000; Moldavia 3,000. Eventually, even Venice had to pay him 4,000 ducats annually. This altogether gave him an annual income of 31,000 gold ducats.

Mehmed was initially known to be opposed to the war with Persia, which began in 1578, but was overruled upon eventually, amongst the reasons being the constant urgings by Sokollu Mehmed to take advantage of the Ottomans neighboring rival. Sultan Murad III time afterwards, began to limit his Grand Vizier's powers by slowly removing his allies from high offices. The state secretary Feridun, an old companion of Sokollu mehmed's since the siege of Szigetvár, was sent to Belgrade, away from Constantinople. Mehmed's faithful Arab friend, the Governor-General of Cyprus, was lynched by mutinous soldiers. Mehmed's greatest rivals, Hamid Efendi and Piyale Pasha, arranged the execution of the Grand Vizier's Greek protege, Michael Kantakouzenos. On 10 October 1578, Sokollu Mustafa Bey, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's nephew and Governor-General of Budin, was assassinated. On the anniversary of this day, on 10 October 1579, Sokollu Mehmed had his servant Hasan Bey read to him about the Battle of Kosovo.

On 11 October 1579, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha was assassinated. Ending his near 15-year rule serving as the sultan sole legal representative in the administration of state affairs. There are some who claim that the assassin was a janissary in disguise in employment of Safiye Sultan, the wife of Murad III. Also, some sources claim that Sokollu Mehmed was a target of Hashshashin agent, as he was opposed to war with Persia where this order was stationed, which was not in their interest, although this is a very controversial claim as this order was destroyed by Mongols long time before. In 1579, he was succeeded as grand vizier by Semiz Ahmed Pasha.

He is buried at his complex, Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Külliyesi at the back of Eyüp Mosque, in Istanbul, at the Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Türbe built by famous architect Mimar Sinan for him c. 1572. His wife Ismihan (or Esma Han) is buried near him and in the little garden of the Türbe are buried the family and descendants of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha.

After his death Sultan Murad III changed grand vezirs ten times in sixteen years. These frequent changes in government were part of the general instability in the Ottoman government that followed the death of Sokollu Mehmet Pasha, evidence of a decline in the empire that he had at its pinnacle while he was in office.

Heritage and legacy

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha has left numerous architecturally well known buildings in Constantinople and throughout Ottoman territories. Foundations of his buildings are spread over Edirne, Halep, Medina, Bečkerek, Belgrade and alongside Bosnia, where he is especially remembered for his bridges. Mecca and Constantinople alone contained a number of his mosques.

The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque and the complex built at Kadirga district of İstanbul by architect Mimar Sinan is considered to be the most beautiful of the smaller mosques in İstanbul. It is known for its unusually fine ordering of medrese over the entry stairs, its lofty elegant interior, the first hooded fountain, ogival arches of the arcades, and especially, the fine and well preserved Iznik tiles.

His most renowned endowment is the eleven-arched Višegrad bridge in his hometown of Višegrad. The construction and history of the bridge is the topic of the novel The Bridge on the Drina (Serbian: Na Drini ćuprija - На Дрини ћуприја), written by Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, a Yugoslav novelist His life also interested the Yugoslav writer Meša Selimović. There were numerous Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian legends about the bridge's construction. According to one, Mehmed Paşa built the bridge in his son's name. Another is the tale of its architect Rade, which is described in "Bridge on the Drina".

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha is often credited as the mastermind of the Ottoman Empire's last great push into the Indian Ocean. Aside from his political achievements, Sokollu was also very interested in the arts and sciences, which led to several important contributions. For example, he often funded paintings by renowned Veronese artists as well as imported glassware from Italian artisans.  He also worked together with prominent Ottoman geographers and historians of his time, including Feridun Ahmed Beg, Sipahazade Mahmed, and Kutbeddin Mekki.

Other elements of his architectural legacy include:

The Azapkapi Mosque, built by Sinan in 1577–1578 in the Azapkapi district of İstanbul, is considered most important Ottoman monument in Galata.
The Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Kulliyesi, built by Sinan in ca. 1572 in the Eyub district of İstanbul, is a complex including a medrese, a school and his tomb
The Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Complex built in 1549 and extended at 1569, both times by Sinan. Located on the main highway between the two Ottoman capitals of İstanbul and Edirne, at Luleburgaz, it is a complex of caravanserai, bathhouse, mosque, madrasah, a school, market streets and later, private apartments for Sultan's use.
Complexes built at Havsa, a city on the Istanbul-Edirne highway and in Payas, in southern Turkey near Antakya.
Bridges at Alpullu, Luleburgaz and Corlu, built by Sinan
The bridge at Arslanagića Most in Trebinje
Vizier's bridge in Podgorica
The bridge on Žepa and the Goat's Bridge (Kozija ćuprija) in Sarajevo
Public bathhouses in Havsa, Yesildirek (İstanbul), Edirne and Luleburgaz public bathhouses, built by Sinan
The Black Mosque in Sofia, built by Mimar Sinan during the years when Sokollu Mehmed Pasha was governor of Rumelia and later converted into a church in the 19th century
A Road of four paces and a castle between Višegrad and Sarajevo, on Glasinac. Of the castle, only a drinking-fountain remains, which is known as the Mehmed Sokolović's han.
A mosque, maktab and musafirhana (guest house) in his native village of Sokolovići

Issue
On 17 August 1562 Sokullu Mehmed Pasha married Ismihan Sultan, daughter of future Sultan Selim II and Nurbanu Sultan and granddaughter of Sultan Süleyman I.

They had a daughter and three sons:
Safiye Hanımsultan (1563 - ?). She was firstly married to her father's cousin Sokollu Mustafa Pasha, governor of Buda. After his execution in 1578, she married the new governor of Buda Silahdar Cafer Pasha. After his death in 1587, she had posthumous twin sons Mehmed Bey and Cafer Bey, who died as children. She married thirdly to Sultanzade Abdülbaki Bey, son of her mother's cousin Hümaşah Sultan.
Sultanzade Ahmed Bey (1563 - 1567)
Sultanzade Sokolluzâde Ibrahim Han Paşah (1565 - 1621). In 1924, his descendant Sokulluzade Abdülbâki Ihsân Bey, married another Ottoman princess, Rukiye Sultan.
Sultanzade Piri Mehmed Bey (1566 - 1567)

Personal life
Mehmed spent the following years in peace, governing and administrating the realm.
Mehmed's nephew, Sokolu Mustafa Bey, was also a prominent politician, who became Viceroy of the Eyalet of Bosnia in 1564.
It is said that Sokollu learned many lessons and refined his expansionist strategies under the influence of Seydi Reis. One of the most important pieces of knowledge that was passed on to Sokollu was that the Ottoman Empire was an all-time high across the region.

See also

 Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge
 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque
 List of Ottoman grand viziers

References

Sources
 The Sokollu Family Clan and the Politics of Vizierial Households in the Second Half of Sixteenth Century by Uros Dakic, Central European University, Budapest,  2012

A Forgetten Brigehead between Rome, Venice, and the Ottoman Empire: Cattaro and the Balkan Missions in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries by Antal Molnár, 2014

Bibliography
 R. Samardžić, Mehmed Sokolović, t. 1–2, Łódź 1982

External links

Photos of Sokollu Mehmet Pasa Mosque at Kadirga, Constantinople
A lecture about Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (in Serbian)

1506 births
1579 deaths
16th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Pashas
People from the Ottoman Empire of Serbian descent
Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy
Former Serbian Orthodox Christians
Bosnia and Herzegovina soldiers
Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims
Slavs from the Ottoman Empire
Devshirme
Suleiman the Magnificent
Grand Viziers of Suleiman the Magnificent
Kapudan Pashas
Ottoman governors of Rumelia
Janissaries
Ottoman people of the Ottoman–Persian Wars
Assassinations in the Ottoman Empire
People from Višegrad
Ottoman Serbia
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha


Zargoulou est un village de la région de Kelbajar en Azerbaïdjan.

Histoire
En 1993-2020, Zargoulou était sous le contrôle des forces armées arméniennes. Le 25 novembre 2020, sur la base d'un accord trilatéral entre l'Azerbaïdjan, l'Arménie et la Russie en date du 10 novembre 2020, la région de Kelbajar, y compris le village de Zargoulou, a été restituée sous le contrôle de l'Azerbaïdjan.

Sources
Chirin su, Soyudlu boulaghi, Seyfaddinin boulaghi, Kachinin boulaghi, Sari boulag, Chor boulag, Mehbalinin boulaghi, Turch su, Elyasin boulaghi, Qurdlu boulag, Savalan boulaghi, Bec boulag, Boyuksu boulaghi, Chor derenin boulaghi, etc.

Voir aussi

 Daraqichlag (Kelbajar)
 Narinjlar
 Saridach (Kelbajar)
Tirkechevend (Kelbajar)

Notes et références

Ville en Azerbaïdjan

Zargoulou


Bezirkul Waschkoutz am Czeremosch (în română Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș, în ruteană Waszkiwci nad Czeremoszem) a fost un bezirk (bițârc-în graiul bucovinean) în Ducatul Bucovinei. Acesta cuprindea părți din nordulul Bucovinei, situate la nord-vest de Cernăuți. Reședința bezirkului era orașul Vășcăuți (Waschkoutz am Czeremosch). După Primul Război Mondial a devenit parte a României, iar în prezent este parte a Ucrainei.

Istoric
Districtele politice moderne ale Monarhiei Habsbugice au fost create în jurul anului 1868 ca urmare a separării distictelor politice de cele judiciare. Teritoriul acestui bezirk aparținea în 1868 districtelor politice Vijnița (Bezirk Wiznitz) și Storojineț (Bezirk Storozynetz). La data de 1 octombrie 1903, districtul judiciar Stănești (Gerichtsbezirk Stanestie) din districtul politic Storozynetz și districtul judiciar Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș (Gerichtsbezirk Waschkoutz am Czeremosch) din districtul politic Vijnița au format districtul politic Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș (Bezirk Waschkoutz am Czeremosch).

Districtul judiciar Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș avea în anul 1900 o suprafață de 211,18 km² și o populație de 21.346 de locuitori dintre care: 16.656 vorbitori nativi de limba ruteană (78,0 %), 3.478 vorbitori nativi de limba germană (16,3 %), 55 vorbitori nativi de limba română (0,3 %) și 1.151 vorbitori nativi de alte limbi (5,4 %).

Districtul judiciar Stănești avea în anul 1900 o suprafață de 216,69 km² și o populație de 22.249 de locuitori dintre care: 19.125 vorbitori nativi de limba ruteană (86,0 %), 2.838 vorbitori nativi de limba germană (12,8 %), 105 vorbitori nativi de limba română (0,5 %) și 169 vorbitori nativi de alte limbi (0,8 %).

Localități
În anul 1910 bezirkul Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș era format din districtele judiciare Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș și Stănești.

Gerichtsbezirk Waschkoutz am Czeremosch:
 Markt Vășcăuți (Waschkoutz am Czeremosch în germană, Waszkiwci nad Czeremoszem în ruteană)
 Slobozia Bănilei  (Banilla Slobodzia)
 Ciortoria (Czartoria)
 Carapciu pe Ceremuș (Karapcziu am Czeremosch)
 Bănila pe Ceremuș (Russisch Banilla (am Czeremosch))
 Vilaucea (Willawcze)
 Zamostea (Zamostie)

Gerichtsbezirk Stanestie:
 Stăneștii de Jos (Unterstanestie am Czeremosch în germană, Staniwci în  ruteană)
 Berbești  (Berbestie)
  Drăcineț (Draczynetz)
 Căbești (Kabestie)
 Călinești (Kalinestie am Czeremosch)
 Costești (Kostestie)
 Stăneștii de Sus (Oberstanestie am Czeremosch)
 Ostra (Ostra)
 Voloca (Woloka am Czeremosch)

Referințe

Bibliografie
 k. k. Statistische Zentralkommission (Hrsg.): Orts-Repertorium des Herzogthums Bukowina. Auf Grundlage der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1869 bearbeitet. Cernowitz 1872
 k. k. Statistische Zentralkommission (Hrsg.): Special-Orts-Repertorium der Bukowina. Wien 1885
 k. k. Statistische Zentralkommission (Hrsg.): Special-Orts-Repertorium der Bukowina. Neubearbeitung auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. December 1890. Wien 1894
 k. k. Statistische Zentralkommission (Hrsg.): Gemeindelexikon der Bukowina. Bearbeitet auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1900. Wien 1907

Bucovina
Monarhia Habsburgică

Bezirk Waschkoutz am Czeremosch


إسماعيل يس في مستشفى المجانين أحد أفلام الممثل إسماعيل ياسين المعروفة، إنتاج سنة 1958م وإخراج عيسى كرامة. بداية الفيلم حول طِعمه ووالدها الذي يستدين من معلمي الحارة الذين يرغبون الزواج بطعمه ويعد كل من يقرضه المال بتزويج ابنته له. يدور الفيلم حول شخصية حسونة الفطاطري الذي يقع في حب طعمة وفي نفس الوقت يقع في حبها علوة التمرجي فيحدث الصراع بين حسونة وعلوة والأب الذي يدخل حبيب طعمة مصحة الأمراض العقلية والتي يستطيع في نهاية الفيلم وفي يوم زفاف طعمة الهرب من المستشفى وكشف الحقيقة.

الممثلون
 إسماعيل ياسين
 عبد الفتاح القصري
 هند رستم
 زينات صدقي
 عبد المنعم إبراهيم
 رياض القصبجي
 كيتي
 عبد الغني قمر
 فؤاد راتب شخصية الخواجة بيجو

وصلات خارجية

أفلام إسماعيل ياسين
أفلام زينات صدقي
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1958
أفلام رياض القصبجي

إسماعيل يس في مستشفى المجانين (فيلم)


Ỷ Lan (倚蘭; "ona koja se oslanja na orhideju"; Thổ Lỗi, ? — Hanoi, 25. srpnja 1117.) bila je carica majka dinastije Lý te regentica Vijetnama. Poznata je i kao Carica majka Linh Nhân (Linh Nhân thái hậu; 靈仁太后). Nepoznato je kada je rođena.

Njezin ljubavnik je bio Lý Thánh Tông, car Vijetnama, koji je započeo romantičnu vezu s njom godine 1063. Njihov je stariji sin bio car Lý Nhân Tông, očev nasljednik (umro 1127.). Mlađi sin Ỷ Lan bio je princ Minh Nhân. Budući da je bila budistica te da je promovirala budizam, podanici su ju zvali Quan Âm (Guanyin), što je ime "božice milosti". Postumno ime Ỷ Lan je Phù thánh linh nhân hoàng thái hậu (扶聖靈仁皇太后) te je pokopana u "carskoj grobnici" Thọ Lăng.

Izvori i bilješke
Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Publishing Group. .

Vladarice u 11. stoljeću
Vladarice u 12. stoljeću
Povijest Vijetnama
Životopisi, Vijetnam

Ỷ Lan


.ae, vrhovina internetska domena za UAE
Æ, æ, grafem i ligatura
 Ae,latinski digraf
 Ae (ćirilica)
 æ, fonetski simbol
 AE, kratica za američki engleski
 AE, kratica za australski engleski
 avestanski jezik, ISO 639 kod: AE
 revidirana romanizirana transkripcija jamo ㅐ iz hangulske abecede korejskog jezika

Ae


أعمار الأعيان أحد المصنفات الهامة لابن الجوزى.

الكتاب يتناول أعمار أعيان المسلمين.
يقوم المؤلف بتقسيم الكتاب لأبواب وفقا للفئة العمرية، ويسرد الأعيان الذين توفوا في هذه الفئة العمرية دون ذكر سنة الميلاد أو الوفاة.

سنة الانتهاء من تأليف الكتاب هي: 585 هـ.

مراجع

ساهم في أسبوع علماء المسلمين

كتب عربية|كتب علماء العرب
كتب ابن الجوزي

أعمار الأعيان


المحاكاة الصوتية أو اسم الصوت أو حكاية الصوت (من حكى الشيء أي أتى بمثله وحكي القول أي نقله)، هي مشابهة بين الصوت الناتج عن لفظ بعض الكلمات والأصوات المسموعة في الطبيعة، مثل الضوضاء أو أصوات الحيوانات، أي أن صوت كلمة ما مأخوذ من صوت حقيقي لحدث طبيعي.

أمثلة
وأمثلة ذلك كثيرة، منها

 أصوات الهواء والرياح:حفيف الريح بين أوراق الشجر.
 أصوات الماء: خرير المياه.
 أصوات الحيوان: صهيل الخيل ونقيق الضفادع، نعيق الغراب
 أصوات تحريك المعادن والمواد الأخرى: صليل السيوف.صرير الباب.

وغيرها كثير

مراجع

محاكاة صوتية
أساليب شعرية
أنماط فنية (خيال)
أنواع كلمات
لسانيات

محاكاة صوتية


Jelse Odde er en 1,5 km lang odde ud for  nordenden af halvøen Lundø  i Limfjorden. Den danner ved sydenden af Hvalpsund den sydlige afgrænsning af indsejlingen til Lovns Bredning, og på vestsiden  nordenen af Skive Fjord. Nordenen af Lundø og odden blev fredet i 1965. Man kan gå på stenrevet ved lavvande.

Beskrivelse
Nordspidsen af Lundø er ganske flad. Her er strandsøer med tilhørende strandenge, strandvolde og krumodder.  Jelse Odde er en smal sandodde, som er hvileplads for flokke af havfugle, især sølvmåge, svartbag og skarv. Af og til kan spættet sæl finde hvile på det øde rev. Syd for fredningen ligger sommerhusområdet Lundø omgivet af plantage.

Plantelivet
På nordspidsen af Lundø findes en mosaik af plantesamfund knyttet til sandede kyster og strandsøer. På strandene kan man finde Bidende Stenurt, Strandarve  Sandkryb og Almindelig stedmoderblomst. På de højere sandflader findes sammenhængende bevoksninger af græsser iblandet Strand-Malurt, Strand-Asters, Strand-Mælde og Almindelig røllike. Rynket rose danner lave, udbredte krat. Strandsøerne midt i fredningen rummer bevoksninger af Tagrør og Strand-Kogleaks brudt af åbne slikflader. Her forekommer Kryb-Hvene, kveller, Strand-Annelgræs og Harril.

Naturbeskyttelse
Fredningen af nordspidsen af Lundø i 1965 sikrede et værdifuldt landskab ved Limfjorden. Fredningen dækker 23 hektar og området skal bevares i sin nuværende tilstand. Det er ikke tilladt at opføre bebyggelse samt at foretage terrænændringer og beplantninger. Området er jagtfrit.

Jelse Odde er en del af Natura 2000 -område nr. 30 Lovns Bredning, Hjarbæk Fjord og Skals Ådal  under Natura 2000 projektet, og er både fuglebeskyttelsesområde og EU-habitatområde.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Om fredningen på fredninger.dk
 Kort

Fredede arealer i Danmark
Halvøer i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Skive Kommune

Jelse Odde


An Panicum pedersenii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Fernando Omar Zuloaga. An Panicum pedersenii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Panicum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Panicum

Panicum pedersenii


The year 1749 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy
 Pierre Bouguer publishes La figure de la terre in Paris, describing some of the results of his work with Charles Marie de La Condamine on the French Geodesic Mission to Peru (begun in 1735) to measure a degree of the meridian arc near the equator.

Biology
 Georges-Louis Leclerc, afterwards Comte du Buffon, begins publication of his .

Mathematics
 April 12 – Euler produces the first proof of Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, based on infinite descent.

Institutions
 April 12 – Official opening of the Radcliffe Library in Oxford, built under the will of the physician John Radcliffe (died 1714) (although it does not become a primarily science library until 1810).
 Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin appointed Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, a position he will hold until his death in 1783.

Awards
 Copley Medal: John Harrison

Births
 February 4 – Thomas Earnshaw, English watchmaker (died 1829)
 February 7 - Philippe Petit-Radel, French surgeon (died 1815)
 March 23 – Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer (died 1827)
 May 17 – Edward Jenner, English physician, inventor of the smallpox vaccine (died 1823)
 September 6 – Benjamin Bell, Scottish surgeon (died 1806)
 September 25 – Abraham Gottlob Werner, German geologist (died 1817)
 November 3 – Daniel Rutherford, Scottish physician, chemist and botanist noted for the isolation of nitrogen (died 1819)

Deaths
 September 10 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (born 1706)
 December 23 – Mark Catesby, English naturalist (born 1683)

References

18th century in science
1740s in science

1749 in science


Grupa N de la Cupa Mondială de Baschet Masculin din 2019 a fost o grupă pentru stabilirea clasamentului din cadrul Cupei Mondiale de Baschet Masculin din 2019 care și-a desfășurat meciurile la Wukesong Arena, Beijing. Echipele din această grupă sunt cele care s-au clasat pe ultimele două locuri din grupele preliminare Grupa C și Grupa D. Echipele au jucat contra celorlalte două echipă din cealaltă grupă. După ce toate meciurile au fost jucate, echipa de primul loc a fost clasată în zona locurilor 17-20, echipa de pe locul al doilea a fost clasată în zona locurilor 21-24, echipa de pe locul al treilea a fost clasată în zona locurilor 25-28, iar echipa de pe locul al patrulea a fost clasată în zona locurilor 29-32.

Clasament

Meciuri

Angola vs. Iran

Tunisia vs. Filipine

Tunisia vs. Angola

Iran vs. Filipine

Referințe

Cupa Mondială de Baschet Masculin din 2019
Baschet în China
2019 în sport

Cupa Mondială de Baschet Masculin din 2019 - Grupa N


Die estnische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft ist die Herren-Tennisnationalmannschaft Estlands.

Geschichte
Seit 1935 nimmt Estland am Davis Cup teil, allerdings spielten estnische Spieler zwischen 1945 und 1992 für das Team der Sowjetunion. Bislang kam die Mannschaft nicht über die Europa/Afrika Gruppenzone II hinaus. Erfolgreichster Spieler ist Jürgen Zopp mit 34 Siegen, mit 37 Teilnahmen innerhalb von zwölf Jahren ist Mait Künnap der Rekordspieler Mannschaft.

Weblinks

Davis-Cup-Mannschaft
Daviscupmannschaft
Daviscup

Estnische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft


O calau-de-faces-cinzentas, ou calau-de-casquete-preto-e-branco (Bycanistes subcylindricus) é uma espécie de calau da família Bucerotidae.

Distribui-se pelas regiões tropicais de África, desde a Guiné até ao Quénia e Angola.

Subespécies
São reconhecidas duas subespécies:

 B. s. subcylindricus - Serra Leoa, Libéria, Costa do Marfim e oeste da Nigéria.
 B. s. subquadratus - leste da Nigéria, Camarões, República Centro Africana, Sudão do Sul, República Democrática do Congo, Uganda, sudoeste do Quénia e noroeste da Tanzânia; também ocorre no nordeste de Angola.

Bycanistes
Aves descritas em 1871

Calau-de-faces-cinzentas


Phyllothallia, rod jetrenjarki smješten u vlastitu porodicu Phyllothalliaceae, jedini u podredu Phyllothalliineae dio reda Pallaviciniales.

Rod je opisan 1964. a pripadaju mu dvijre vrste, jedna s Novog Zelanda, i druga iz Argentine, Čilea i Otočja Antipodes

Vrste
 Phyllothallia fuegiana R.M. Schust.; Čile, Argentina
 Phyllothallia nivicola E.A. Hodgs.; Novi Zeland

Izvori

Pallaviciniales

Phyllothallia


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 1965 en Israël  :

Évènement
  : Élections législatives

Sport

Culture
 Sortie de film :
 La Cage de verre
 L'Heure de la vérité
 La Malle du Caire
 Pas question le samedi

Création

Dissolution-Fermeture
  (quotidien)
 Port de Tel Aviv

Naissance
 Alon Abutbul, acteur.
 Nitzan Horowitz, journaliste et personnalité politique.
 Amos Mansdorf, joueur de tennis.
 Eli Yatzpan, humoriste.

Décès
 Martin Buber, philosophe.
 Eli Cohen, espion.
 , enseignant et traducteur.
 Abraham Adolf Fraenkel, mathématicien.
 Giulio Racah, physicien et mathématicien.
 Moshé Sharett, premier ministre.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

1965 en Israël


The NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship is an annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate water polo. Beginning in 1969, it has been held every year except 2020, when it was postponed to March 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. With a limited number of NCAA water polo programs at the national level, all men's teams, whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III, are eligible to compete each year in the National Collegiate tournament. The tournament was expanded from a four-team bracket in 2013 by adding two play-in games that are contested by the bottom four seeds, effectively creating a six-team bracket with a first-round bye for the top two teams. This makes it the sport with the fewest teams reaching the NCAA tournament; this is because there are only 43 men's water polo teams between all three NCAA divisions.

While the championship often includes teams from around the country, most programs are located within the state of California, and no school from outside California has ever surpassed third place or participated in the NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship game.

The four California based Pac-12 schools have been the most successful. The University of California, Berkeley is the most successful program with 15 titles, followed by UCLA with 12 titles, Stanford (11 titles), and USC (10 titles). One of these four schools has won the championship every year since 1998.

Championships summary

Notes

Team titles

Appearances by team
Key
  National Champion
  National Runner-up
  Semifinals
  Quarterfinals (8 teams 1969 to 1994, 2 teams 2013 to present)
  Opening Round (1 or 2 teams since 2015, except for 2020)

Recent championships

2009 Championship
Semifinals scores (Princeton University, December 5, 3:00 pm and 5:00 pm (ET)):
 #1 USC 13 vs. #4 Princeton 3; #2 UCLA 9 vs. #3 Loyola Marymount 8 (2 OT)

National Championship (Princeton University, December 6, 2:00 pm (ET)):
 #1 USC (25-2) vs. #2 UCLA (23-6)

2009 NCAA All-Tournament Teams:

 First-Team – Shea Buckner, USC; Scott Davidson, UCLA; Ben Hohl, UCLA; Tibor Forai, LMU; J. W. Krumpholz, USC; Andy Stevens, LMU; Jordan Thompson, USC (MVP)
 Second-Team  – Edgaras Asajavicius, LMU; Matt Hale, Princeton; Cullen Hennessy, UCLA; Chay Lapin, UCLA; Matt Sagehorn, USC; Josh Samuels, UCLA; Eric Vreeland, Princeton; Griffin White, UCLA; Mark Zalewski, Princeton

2010 Championship
Semifinals (December 4, 2010, Spieker Aquatics Complex, University of California, Berkeley, California)
USC def. St. Francis (NY) 10-7
California def. Loyola Marymount 7-6
Championship (December 5, 2010, Spieker Aquatics Complex, University of California, Berkeley, California)
USC def. California 12-10 (OT)

2010 NCAA All-Tournament Teams:

 First-Team – Peter Kurzeka, USC (MVP); Ivan Rackov, CAL; Zachary White, CAL; Tibor Forai, LMU; Nikola Vavic, USC; Andy Stevens, LMU; Brian Dudley, CAL
 Second-Team  – Boris Plavsic, SFC; Ikaika Aki, LMU; Marko Gencic, SFC; Jeremy Davie, USC; Joel Dennerley, USC; Matt Burton, USC; Cory Nasoff, CAL

2011 Championship

Conferences receiving automatic qualification included the Collegiate Water Polo Association, the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation and the Western Water Polo Association. The remaining team was selected at-large without geographical restrictions.

Semifinals (December 3, 2011, Spieker Aquatics Complex, University of California, Berkeley, California)
 USC (22-3) def. Princeton (21-9) 17–4
 UCLA (23-4) def. UC-San Diego (17-9) 10–1
Championship (December 4, 2010, Spieker Aquatics Complex, University of California, Berkeley, California)
 Third-place game, Princeton def. UC San Diego 9-7
 Championship game, USC def. UCLA 7–4

2011 NCAA All-Tournament Teams:
 First-Team – Joel Dennerley (MOP), Peter Kurzeka and Nikola Vavic, USC; Josh Samuels and Cullen Hennessy, UCLA; Thomas Nelson, Princeton and Graham Saber, UC San Diego.
 Second-team – Matt Rapacz, Griffin White and Cristiano Mirarchi, UCLA; Jeremy Davie and Mace Rapsey, USC; Drew Hoffenberg, Princeton, and Brian Donohoe, UC San Diego.

2012 Championship
The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 1 and 2, 2012 at Southern California's McDonald's Swim Stadium. Conferences receiving automatic qualification included the Collegiate Water Polo Association, the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation and the Western Water Polo Association.  The remaining team was selected at-large without geographical restrictions. All four championship games will be streamed live on www.NCAA.com.

Semifinals - December 1, 2012
Southern California (27-0) vs. Air Force (19-10) 4 p.m. ET
UCLA (27-4) vs. St. Francis (N.Y.) (16-8) 6:12 p.m. ET

Finals - December 2, 2012
 Third-place game played at 4 p.m. ET
 The championship game played at 6:12 p.m. ET.

2013 Championship
The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 7 and 8, 2013 at Stanford's Avery Aquatic Center. This season marked the introduction of an expanded format. Six teams were seeded into the tournament, with the bottom four participating in Play-in games to fill the four team bracket. Four conferences received automatic qualification: the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). The remaining two teams were selected at-large without geographical restrictions. The tournament was seeded by the Men's Water Polo Committee on December 1. Conference representatives were Southern Cal (MPSF), Whittier College (SCIAC), UC San Diego (WWPA), and St. Francis College Brooklyn (CWPA).

Play-in – December 5, 2013
 Game 1: #5 St. Francis College Brooklyn (22-10) def. #4 UC San Diego (14-13) 6-5
 Game 2: #3 Stanford (21-5) def. #6 Whittier College (19-12) 20-3

Semifinals – December 7, 2013
 1 p.m. – Seed No.1 Southern Cal (26-4) def. #5 St. Francis College Brooklyn (23-10) 10–3
 2:45 p.m. – Seed No. 2 Pacific (22-4) def. #3 Stanford (22-5) 11–10
Finals – December 8, 2013
 Third-place game played at 1 p.m.
 The championship game played at 3 p.m.

2014 Championship

The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 6 and 7, 2014 at UC San Diego's Canyonview Aquatic Center, La Jolla, CA. The tournament continued with the new format by adding two more teams to play in the four-team play-in games. Conferences received automatic qualification were the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).  The remaining teams were selected at-large without geographical restrictions. They were selected by the Men's Water Polo Committee on November 23, 2014.

Play-in – November 29, 2014
 Game 1: #4 UC San Diego (15-9) def. #5 Brown University (26-6) 12–7
 Game 2: #3 USC (22-6) def. #6 Whittier (23-12) 19-4

Semifinals – December 6, 2014
 Game 3, 1:00 PM PT: #1 seed UCLA (27-3) def. #4 seed UC San Diego (16-9) 15–6
 Game 4, 3:12 PM PT: #3 seed USC (23-6) def. #2 seed Stanford (25-3) 12–11 in triple OT

Championship Dec. 7, 2014
 Third-place game, 1:00 p.m. PT: #2 seed Stanford def. #4 seed UC San Diego 20–11
 National Championship Game, 3:12 p.m. PT: #1 seed UCLA  def. #3 seed USC 9–8

2015 Championship

The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 5 and 6, 2015 at UCLA's Spieker Aquatics Center, Los Angeles. The tournament continued with the new format by adding two more teams to play in the four-team play-in games. Conferences received automatic qualification were the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).  The remaining teams were selected at-large without geographical restrictions. They were selected by the Men's Water Polo Committee on November 22, 2015.

Play-in – December 2, 2015
 Game 1: #5 UCSD (14–13) def. #4 Princeton (22–4) 12–7
 Game 2: #3 USC (20–6) def. #6 Claremont McKenna-Harvey Mudd-Scripps Colleges (21–7) 20–5

Semifinals – December 5, 2015
 Game 3, 1:00 PM PT: #1 seed UCLA (28–0) def. #5 UCSD (15–13) 17–4
 Game 4, 3:12 PM PT: #3 USC (21–6) def. #2 seed California (23–6) 9–6

Championship Dec. 6, 2015
 Third-place game, 1:00 p.m. PT: Cal def. UCSD 20–9
 National Championship Game, 3:12 p.m. PT: UCLA def. USC 10–7

2016 Championship

California defeated USC	11-8 (2OT) for the national championship.

2017 Championship

The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 2 and 3, 2017 at USC, Los Angeles. The tournament continued with the new format with eight teams playing for the championship. Conferences received automatic qualification are the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA), Golden Coast Conference (GCC), the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF), Northeast Water Polo Conference (NWPC), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC), and the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA).  The remaining two teams were selected at-large without geographical restrictions.

Opening round – November 25, 2017
Pacific defeated Pomona-Pitzer 16–2
Harvard defeated George Washington 15–13

First round – November 30, 2017
Pacific defeated UC Davis 13–12
USC defeated Harvard 16–/4

Semifinals – December 2, 2017
UCLA defeated Pacific 11–9
USC defeated California 12–11

Championship – December 3, 2017
 UCLA defeated USC 7–5

2018 Championship

The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 1 and 2, 2018 at Avery Aquatic Center, Stanford, California. The tournament continued with the format in which eight teams competed for the championship. Teams qualifying as champions of their conferences were Long Beach State, from the Golden Coast Conference (GCC); George Washington, from the Mid-Atlantic Water Polo Conference (MAWPC); Stanford, from the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF); Princeton, from the Northeast Water Polo Conference (NWPC); Pomona-Pitzer, from the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC); and UC San Diego, from the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). The remaining two teams, Southern California (MPSF) and UCLA (MPSF), were selected at-large without geographical restrictions. Stanford, the #1 seed, and Southern California, the #2 seed, were seeded into the semifinal round, with the other six teams competing for the final two spots in opening and first-round games.

Opening round – November 24, 2018
 Long Beach St. def. Pomona-Pitzer 12–5 at Long Beach State
 George Washington def. Princeton 14–13 at Princeton

First round – November 29, 2018 (at Avery Aquatic Center, Stanford, California)
 UC San Diego def. Long Beach St. 14–9
 UCLA def. George Washington 18–6

Semifinals – December 1, 2018
 Stanford def. UC San Diego 16–7 (3:00 PM PT)
 USC def. UCLA 8–7 (5:00 PM PT)

Championship – December 2, 2018
 USC def. Stanford 14-12

2019 Championship
The NCAA men's water polo championship was held December 7 and 8, 2019 at the Chris Kjeldsen Aquatic Center, Stockton, California. Seven teams played for the championship. Teams qualifying as champions of their conferences were Pepperdine, from the Golden Coast Conference (GCC); Bucknell, from the Mid-Atlantic Water Polo Conference (MAWPC); Stanford, from the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF); Harvard, from the Northeast Water Polo Conference (NWPC); and UC Davis, from the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). The remaining two teams, Southern California (MPSF) and Pacific (GCC), were selected at-large without geographical restrictions. Stanford, the #1 seed, and Pacific, the #2 seed, were seeded into the semifinal round, with the other five teams competing for the final two spots.

Opening round – November 30, 2019
 Bucknell 13, Harvard 12

Opening round – Thursday, Dec. 5, 2019

 Southern California 15, Bucknell 9
 Pepperdine 15, UC Davis 12

Semifinals – Saturday, Dec. 7, 2019

 Stanford 15, Southern California 14 (3OT)
 Pacific 17, Pepperdine 13

Championship – Sunday, Dec. 8, 2019
 Stanford 13, Pacific 8

2020 Championship

The tournament was played at the Uytengsu Aquatics Center, on the campus of USC in Los Angeles. UCLA's Nicolas Saveljic was chosen as the most valuable player after the Bruins defeated the Trojans for their 12th title.

Opening round – Thursday, March 18, 2021
 UCLA 19, California Baptist 14
 USC 18, Bucknell 9

Semifinals – Saturday, March 20, 2021
 No. 3 UCLA 11, No. 1 Stanford 10
 No. 4 USC 12, No. 2 California 10

Championship – Sunday, March 21, 2021
 No. 3 UCLA 7, No. 4 USC 6

2021 Championship

The tournament was held at the Spieker Aquatics Center, on the campus of UCLA in Los Angeles. California defeated Southern California 13-12 to win the 2021 NCAA water polo national championship. It was California's 15th title. Nikos Papanikolaou was the MVP of the tournament.

2022 Championship

The national championship was held on December 3-4, 2022 at the Spieker Aquatics Complex on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, California. Cal defeated Southern California for the 2022 title 13–12.
First Round,
Nov. 26, Noon: Princeton (27-5) 11 def. Fordham (26-8) 10

Quarterfinals
Game 1, Dec. 1, 3:00 PM PST: Pacific (22-6) 11 def. UC Davis (19-8) 7
Game 2, Dec. 1, 5:00 PM PST: Southern California (19-6) 11 def. Princeton (26-6) 8

Semifinals
 Game 3, Dec. 3, 2:00 PM PST: Cal (22–2) 16 def. Pacific (22–7) 9
 Game 4, Dec. 3, 4:00 PM PST: Southern California (20–6) 15 def. UCLA (22–4) 12

Final
 Cal (23-2) 13 def. Southern California (21–6) 12

See also
 Collegiate Water Polo Association
 Western Water Polo Association
 Mountain Pacific Sports Federation
 Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
 Golden Coast Conference

References

External links
 NCAA Men's Water Polo

NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship


تحكم متكيف  يشير إلى الية تحكم قادرة على التعابش مع الظروف المتغيرة نسبيا مع الزمن.فالطائرة مثلا ستتغير كتلتها بعض الشي أثناء الطيران تتيجة احتراق الوقود، وهي تختلف عن التحكم المتين "robust control" من حيث انها لا تحتاج إلى حدود التغير في المتغيرات.

أنواع التحكم المتكيف
بشكل عام يمكن تصنيف التحكم لمتكيف إلى:

 التحكم المتكيف ذي التغدية الراجعة "feedback"
 التحكم المتكيف ذي التغذية الامامية "feed-forward"

هناك عدة فئات من التحكم المتكيف:

 التحكم المتكيف المزدوج (يعتمد على نظرية التحكم المزدوج)
 التحكم المزدوج الأمثل "optimal".
 التحكم المزدوج دون الأمثل "suboptimal".
 التحكم المتكيف غير المزدوج
 غاين سكاديولينغ Gain scheduling:استخدام مجموعة من المتحكمات الخطية للتحكم في الأنظمة اللاخطية، كل منها يقدم تحكم مناسب لمحددة عمل النظام.
 النموذج المرجعي للتحكم المتكيف: نموذج يحدد الاداء المطلوب
 نموذج المطابقة للمتحكم المتكيف

مراجع

نظرية التحكم

تحكم متكيف


Dragoste și ură (Așk ve Mavi) este un serial turcesc difuzat în România de către Kanal D România, iar în Turcia între noiembrie 2016 - noiembrie 2018 pe canalul TV ATV.

Serialul prezintă povestea lui Ali (rol jucat de Emrah Erdogan), în vârstă de treizeci de ani, fiul unei familii bogate. Deși se află în închisoare, unde își ispășește pedeapsa pentru uciderea lui Ahmet, Ali se îndrăgostește de Mavi, o tânără foarte frumoasă care l-a ajutat să suporte captivitatea prin scrisorile schimbate între ei timp de doisprezece ani, durata sentinței bărbatului.

În ziua eliberării, Ali și Mavi se întâlnesc pentru prima dată. Cei doi tineri iau o hotărâre fulger, aceea de a se căsători. Ceea ce nu știe Ali este faptul că Mavi nu l-a ales întâmplător. Tânăra este sora lui Ahmet, bărbatul ucis în urmă cu 12 ani.

Cemal (Cuneyt Mete) este acuzat pentru uciderea lui Ahmet. Cemal mințise că fratele său Ali, l-ar fi omorât pe Ahmet. Totodată el este și împușcat de către Hasibe (Aysegul Unsal) aflând după un deceniu și jumătate că el este vinovatul, el rămânând în viață dar cu răni grave.

Actori și personaje

Seriale turcești
Seriale de televiziune din 2017
Seriale de televiziune din 2018

Dragoste și ură


Povijest Sijera Leonea počinje kada su prvi stanovnici zaposjedali to područje prije oko 2500 godina.

Bantu plemena Mende (u jugoistočnom Sijera Leoneu) i Temne (u sjevernom Sijera Leoneu) živjeli su u svojim plemenskim savezima. Željezo se počelo koristiti u 9. stoljeću, tako da se poljoprivreda počela razvijati od 10. stoljeća na obala Atlantskog oceana. Guste kišne šume su štitile Sijera Leone od islamskog utjecaja, koje je provodilo Malijsko Carstvo, ali ipak utjecaj islama je sve više jačao od 18. stoljeća.

Godine 1462. Portugalac Pedro de Sintra došao je do obala današnjeg Sijera Leonea. Uskoro je na ovom području osnovan veći broj europskih trgovačkih postaja. Godine 1787. britanski filantropi osnovali su naselje Freetown za oslobođene robove koje je 1808. postalo britanska krunska kolonija. Dana 27. travnja 1961. zemlja je dobila neovisnost i postala članica Commonwealtha. Nakon vojnih udara 1967. i 1968. proglašena je republika.

Između 1991. i 2002. vladao je oružani sukob između Vlade i gerilskog pokreta Revolucionarnog Ujedinjenog Fronta (RUF), u kojem je poginulo preko 50 000 ljudi, glavnina infrastrukture u državi bila je uništeno, a preko 2 milijuna ljudi bilo je u izbjeglištvu (uglavnom u Gvineji bilo je preko milijun izbjeglica iz Sijera Leonea). Rat je bio obilježen brutalnostima, unakazivanjem civila i novačenjem djece, zbog čega je gerilski vođa Foday Sankoh optužen za ratne zločine, a okončan je vojnom intervencijom Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i Gvineje 2000. Nakon što je 18. siječnja 2002. predsjednik države Ahmad Tejan Kabbah službeno objavio završetak građanskog rata, u Sijera Leoneu je zavladala demokracija.

Izvori

Povijest Sijera Leonea


Fabien Carpentier est un athlète français, né le  à Nancy , adepte de la course d'ultrafond et de trail. Dans la discipline des 24 heures de course à pied sur route, il devient champion de France en 2021 en parcourant 247,663 km à Albi. Il poursuit l'année suivante, en 2022 au championnat d'Europe à Vérone de 24 heures de course à pied sur route, il se place en 18ème position, premier français en ayant la meilleure performance française de l'année.

Records personnels
Statistiques de Fabien Carpentier d'après la Deutsche Ultramarathon-Vereinigung (DUV) :
 Ultra-trail Infernal des Vosges : Record de l'épreuve du 175 km en 30 h 58 min 35 s en 2018
 Ultramarin à Vannes : Record de l'épreuve en 2022 en 15 h 43 min 27 s
 24 heures route :  aux Championnats d'Europe de 24 heures à Vérone en 2022

Références

Articles connexes

 Course de fond
 Ultrafond
 Ultratrail

Liens externes

 Statistiques ultras de Fabien Carpentier

Coureur d'ultrafond français
Naissance en septembre 1980

Fabien Carpentier


An Poa sellowii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. An Poa sellowii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa sellowii


الأرض المسطحة: قصة رومانسية متعددة الأبعاد  هي رواية قصيرة إنجليزية ساخرة من تأليف إدوين أبوت أبوت، والذي كان يعمل ناظرا مدرسيا.
كتب أبوت الرواية في البداية باسم «المربع» في عام 1884. وتعد الأرض المسطحة من الروايات التي قدمت ملحوظات حادة حول النظام الطبقي في ثقافة العصر الفيكتوري ببريطانيا، إلا أن الإسهام الأهم لهذه الرواية هو استكشافها لعالم الأبعاد. ففي مقدمة إحدى الطبعات العديدة التي نشرت لهذه الرواية، نجد الكاتب إسحاق أسيموف يصفها بـ:«أفضل مقدمة يستعين بها المرء للخوض في فهم الأبعاد». ولهذا السبب، لا زالت الرواية تحظى بشعبية بين دارسي الرياضيات والفيزياء وعلوم الحاسب.

و قدمت القصة في عدد من الأفلام السينمائية، كان أخرها فيلم روائي طويل إنتاج 2007 هو الأرض المسطحة Flat Land. كما قدمت عنها بعض الأفلام التجريبية والقصيرة.

القصة

تدور القصة حول عالم ثنائي الأبعاد يسمى بالأرض المسطحة، يرويها مربع قليل الشأن من طبقة الحرفيين. يصف المربع عالمه في بداية الرواية قائلا:

«تخيلوا صحيفة شاسعة من الورق عليها خطوط مستقيمة ومثلثات ومربعات وأشكال خماسية وسداسية، وغير ذلك من الأشكال الهندسية التي تتحرك هنا وهناك بحرية تامة بدلًا من أن تظل ثابتة في مكانها، وهي تتحرك على السطح أو داخله دون أن تكون لها القدرة على أن ترتفع فوقه أو تهبط أسفل منه، شأنها في ذلك شأن الظلال، ولكنها تبدو ذات كتلة وتشع حوافها ضوءًا. تخيلوا ذلك وسوف ترتسم في أذهانكم صورة أقرب إلى الواقع تصف بلادي وسكانها، وا أسفاه كنت قبل أعوام قليلة أستطيع أن أقول «كَوْني»، ولكن عقلي الآن قد تفتح فأدركت ما لم أكن أدركه من قبل.»

ويقودنا المربع إلى بعض مضامين الحياة ثنائية الأبعاد. يحلم المربع بزيارة عالم أحادي البعد (الأرض الخطية)، وبأنه يحول اقناع الملك الجاهل لهذا العالم بوجود بعد ثاني. ولكنه يكتشف استحاله توضيح الأمر لذلك الملك الذي لا يستطيع ادراك أبعد من عالمه الخطي.

ثم يزور الراوي بعد ذلك جسم كروي ثلاثي الأبعاد، والذي لا يستطيع أن يفهم حقيقته إلا بعد أن يري أرض المساحة (ثلاثية الأبعاد) بنفسه. يزور هذا الجسم الكروي الأرض المسطحة مرة في بداية كل ألفية بهدف تعريف بعض من أهلها بوجود بعد ثالث بغية تعليم كل سكانها بهذا مع مرور الزمن. ويدرك أهل العلم ثلاثي الأبعاد أن القائمين على حكم الأرض المسطحة يفهمون ويدركون وجود الجسم الكروي، ولكنهم يقوموا بتصفية أي من يتحدث عن عالم المساحة والبعد الثالث. وهو مايحدث بالفعل بعد هذه الزيارة، حيث يذبح ويسجن الكثير (كل حسب طبقته الاجتماعية).

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 نسخة مترجمة للكتاب من قبل مؤسسة هنداوي للتعليم والثقافة

أبعاد
أبعاد خيالية
أعمال نشرت تحت اسم مستعار
روايات بريطانية أنتجت سينمائيا
روايات بريطانية في 1884
روايات خيال علمي
روايات خيال علمي 1884
روايات علمية خيالية بريطانية
روايات عن الرياضيات
روايات عن شمولية
روايات هجائية
كتب إنجليزية
كتب باللغة الإنجليزية

الأرض المسطحة (رواية)


was a town located in Agawa District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 15,645 and a population density of 348.13 persons per km². The total area was 44.94 km².

On January 1, 2008, Haruno was merged into the expanded city of Kōchi.

Haruno Stadium, the prefecture's largest athletics and football stadium, is located here.

External links

 Kōchi official website

Dissolved municipalities of Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi, Kōchi

Haruno, Kōchi


An Telipogon urceolatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Schweinfurth. An Telipogon urceolatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Telipogon, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Telipogon

Telipogon urceolatus


Liendo, İspanya'nın Kantabria özerk bölgesinde yer alan bir idari bölgedir. Atlas Okyanusu'nun doğu kıyısında, Santander'e 52 kilometre uzaklıkta, Laredo ve Castro-Urdiales sınırında yer almaktadır. Diğer sahil köylerinin aksine, geniş plajlara sahip değildir, ancak muhteşem bir uçuruma sahiptir. Özellikle tarıma elverişli yeşil bir vadide yer alır ve on üç köyden oluşur.

Köyler

 Hazas (İdare merkezi)
 Iseca Nueva
 Iseca Vieja
 Isequilla
 Llatazos
 Mendina
 Mollaneda
 Noval
 La Portilla
 Rocillo
 Sopeña
 Villanueva
 Villaviad

Yıllara göre nüfus

Kaynakça
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan yerleşim yerleri

Liendo


Ivor Cutler (born Isadore Cutler, 15 January 1923 – 3 March 2006) was a Scottish poet, singer, musician, songwriter, artist and humorist. He became known for his regular performances on BBC radio, and in particular his numerous sessions recorded for John Peel's influential eponymous late night radio programme (BBC Radio 1), and later for Andy Kershaw's programme. He appeared in the Beatles' Magical Mystery Tour film in 1967 and on Neil Innes' television programmes. Cutler also wrote books for children and adults and was a teacher at A. S. Neill's Summerhill School and for 30 years in inner-city schools in London.

In live performances Cutler would often accompany himself on a harmonium. Phyllis King appears on several of his records, and for several years was a part of his concerts. She usually read small phrases but also read a few short stories. The two starred in a BBC radio series, King Cutler, in which they performed their material jointly and singly. Cutler also collaborated with pianist Neil Ardley, singer Robert Wyatt, guitarist Fred Frith, musicians David Toop and Steve Beresford.

Early life
Ivor Cutler was born in 1923 in Govan, Glasgow, into a middle-class Jewish family of Eastern European descent. His father Jack Moris Cutler was a draper and jeweller. He cited his childhood as the source of his artistic temperament, recalling a sense of displacement when his younger brother was born: "Without that I would not have been so screwed up as I am, and therefore not as creative." He was educated at the Shawlands Academy. In 1939 Cutler was evacuated to Annan. He joined the Royal Air Force as a navigator in 1942 but was soon grounded for "dreaminess" and worked as a storeman. He moved to London where he was employed by the Inner London Education Authority to teach music, dance, drama and poetry to 7- to 11-year-olds. Cutler's deeply held views on humanity meant he disliked corporal punishment and on leaving a teaching job he held in the 1950s he cut up his tawse and handed the pieces to the class.

Musical career

Cutler began writing songs and poetry in the late 1950s, making the first of many appearances on BBC radio on the Home Service, where he featured on the Monday Night at Home programme on 38 occasions between 1959 and 1963. He gained popularity playing songs where he would often accompany himself on either a piano or the harmonium, and this success led to the release of a series of records starting with 1959's Ivor Cutler of Y'Hup EP. Cutler appeared in the pop musical film It's All Over Town in 1964, and continued to make appearances on the BBC's programmes during the 1960s, and as a result of an appearance on the television show Late Night Line-Up, he was noticed by Paul McCartney, who invited Cutler to appear in The Beatles' Magical Mystery Tour film. In the film, Cutler plays would-be courier Buster Bloodvessel who becomes passionately attracted to Ringo Starr's Aunt Jessie. Following this film role, Cutler recorded an LP, Ludo (1967), produced by The Beatles' George Martin, and credited to the Ivor Cutler Trio, made up of Cutler with bassist Gill Lyons and percussionist Trevor Tomkins. The LP, taking inspiration from trad jazz and boogie-woogie, sees Cutler playing the piano as well as his usual harmonium, and is considered the most traditionally musical of all his records. After its release Cutler continued to perform for BBC radio, recording the first of his sessions for John Peel in 1969. Cutler's work on Peel's shows would introduce him to successive generations of fans, and in the early 1990s, Cutler said, "Thanks to Peel, I gained a whole new audience, to the amazement of my older fans, who find themselves among 16-to-35s in theatres, and wonder where they came from."

In the 1970s, Neil Ardley had Cutler sing on his album A Symphony of Amaranths (1971), and former-Soft Machine drummer Robert Wyatt asked Cutler to play harmonium and sing on two of the tracks on his album Rock Bottom (1974). The collaboration with Wyatt led to Cutler being signed to Wyatt's record label Virgin Records, for whom Cutler recorded three LPs in the mid-1970s: Dandruff (1974), Velvet Donkey (1975) and Jammy Smears (1976). Each of these discs intersperses Cutler's poems and songs with readings by his performing companion Phyllis King. Wyatt would later cover Cutler's song "Go and Sit upon the Grass".

During the decade Cutler used his sessions for John Peel to introduce numerous episodes of his Life in a Scotch Sitting Room series, culminating in the 1978 LP Life in a Scotch Sitting Room, Vol. 2, regarded as a particularly autobiographical work, on which Cutler recounts tales from his childhood amid an environment of exaggerated Scottishness. Cutler also produced the work as a book, which was published in 1984 with illustrations by Martin Honeysett.

Cutler contributed the track "Brooch Boat" to the cult 1980 album Miniatures, produced and edited by Morgan Fisher, which consisted entirely of one-minute-long recordings. In the 1980s, Rough Trade Records released three LPs—Privilege (1983), Prince Ivor (1986) and Gruts (1986). Cutler also released the single "Women of the World", recorded with Linda Hirst, through the label in 1983. In the 1990s, Creation Records released two new volumes of poems and spoken word work: A Wet Handle (1997) and A Flat Man (1998).

Books and poetry
Poetry and books for children were an important part of Cutler's literary output. There were crossovers, where parts of the public performances, albums, and books had the same name – the most notable and regular favourite at performances was Life in a Scotch Sitting Room, Volume 2, combining the book  with the album.

Reception and legacy
Cutler was a noted eccentric, dressing in a distinctive style including plus-fours and hats adorned with many badges, travelling mainly by bicycle and often communicating by means of sticky labels printed with "Cutlerisms", one of which, "never knowingly understood" came to be applied by supporters and detractors alike (the latter phrase is a play on 'never knowingly undersold', the slogan of the John Lewis Partnership). Others included "Kindly disregard", reserved for official correspondence, and "to remove this label take it off".  The reception room of his home contained some pieces of ivory cutlery, a pun on his name. He was a member of the Noise Abatement Society and the Voluntary Euthanasia Society.

Composer, multi-instrumentalist and producer Jim O'Rourke covered Cutler's 1983 song "Women of the World" on his album Eureka (1999). In October 2012 in Seattle, Washington, the Mark Morris Dance Group premiered a work entitled "Wooden Tree," featuring recordings of Cutler's renditions of his songs. In 2014 a new play, The Beautiful Cosmos of Ivor Cutler, a co-production by Vanishing Point and National Theatre of Scotland, was performed.

Cutler earned a faithful cult following. John Peel once remarked that Cutler was probably the only performer whose work had been featured on Radio 1, 2, 3 and 4.

He retired from performing in 2004, and died on 3 March 2006, from a stroke, while at his home in London.

Reflections upon his poetry, humour and legacy continued well after his death.

Discography

1959 Ivor Cutler of Y'Hup (EP, Decca)
1961 Who Tore Your Trousers? (Decca)
1961 Get Away from the Wall (EP, Decca)
1967 Ludo (EMI)
1974 Dandruff (Virgin)
1975 Velvet Donkey (Virgin)
1976 Jammy Smears (Virgin)
1978 Life in a Scotch Sitting Room, Vol. 2 (Harvest)
1983 Privilege (with Linda Hirst, Rough Trade)
1986 Prince Ivor (Rough Trade)
1986 Gruts (Rough Trade)
1989 Peel Sessions (EP, Strange Fruit, 1969 recordings)
1997 A Wet Handle (Creation)
1997 Ludo (Rev-Ola, 1967 recordings)
1998 A Flat Man (Creation)
2019 Singing While Dead (EP, Hoorgi House, 4 unreleased 1950s recordings)

Compilations
1980 Brooch Boat Ivor's contribution to Morgan Fisher's Miniatures LP. A compilation of 51 one minute masterpieces by 51 different artists (Cherry Red)
2005 An Elpee and Two Epees (the Decca recordings)
2012 Essential Masters 1959-1961 (Comedy Classics, the Decca recordings in a different order)
2017 Gruts For Tea Again (Coda)

Vídeo
2005 Looking for Truth with a Pin, and Cutler's Last Stand documentary and live performance (Claptrap)

Bibliography
Poetry
Many Flies Have Feathers (1973). Trigram Press.
A Flat Man (1977). Trigram Press.
Private Habits (1981). Arc Publications.
LARGE et Puffy (1984). Arc Publications.
Fresh Carpet (1986). Arc Publications.
A Nice Wee Present from Scotland (1988). Arc Publications.
A Fly Sandwich and Other Menu (1991). Methuen.
Is That Your Flap, Jack? (1992). Arc Publications.
A Stuggy Pren (1994). Arc Publications.
A Wet Handle (1996). Arc Publications.
South American Bookworms (1999). Arc Publications.
Under the spigot (2001). Arc Publications.
Scots Wa' Straw (2003). Arc Publications

Prose
Gruts (1962). Museum Press.
Cockadoodledon't!!! (1966). Dennis Dobson.
Life in a Scotch Sitting Room, Vol.2 (1984). Methuen.
Gruts (1986). Methuen.
Fremsley (1987). Methuen.
Glasgow Dreamer (1990). Methuen.

Children's books
Meal One. (1971)  Armada Lions Edition (1988)
Balooky Klujypop. (1975) Heinemann.
The Animal House. (1976) Armada Lions.
The Vermillion Door (1984). Walker Books.
The Pomegranate Door (1984). Walker Books.
Herbert the Chicken (1984). Walker Books.
Herbert the Elephant (1984). Walker Books.
Herbert the Questionmark (1984). Walker Books.
Herbert the Herbert (1984). Walker Books.
One and a Quarter (1987).
Herbert: 5 Stories (1988). Walker Books.
Grape Zoo (1991). Walker Books.
Doris the Hen (1992). Heinemann.
The New Dress (1995). The Bodley Head.

Other
Befriend a Bacterium: Stickies by Ivor Cutler (1992). Pickpocket Books.  (A collection of stickers that Cutler used to hand out to people).

DVD video
Looking for Truth with a Pin (BBC Four documentary, 2005) (IMDB entry)
 "I'm going in a field" - musical performance/outtake on the Magical Mystery Tour Blu-ray. (2012)

References

External links

 Cutler's drawers — interview at The Guardian, 15 January 2004

 John Peel Sessions - Ivor Cutler

 BBC Radio 4 - Great Lives — The singer-songwriter KT Tunstall tells Matthew Parris why she adores the Scottish poet, author, artist and humorist Ivor Cutler. With biographer Bruce Lindsay. 27 April 2021
 "Ivor Cutler: A life outside the sitting room" Author Bruce Lindsay's autobiography of Ivor Cutler, published by Equinox, 2023.

1923 births
2006 deaths
people from Govan
Writers from Glasgow
Scottish male songwriters
Jewish poets
Scottish Jews
Creation Records artists
Harmonium players
Scottish male comedians
Decca Records artists
Virgin Records artists
Harvest Records artists
Rough Trade Records artists
20th-century Scottish poets
21st-century Scottish poets
Scottish male poets
Musicians from Glasgow
20th-century Scottish comedians
21st-century Scottish comedians
20th-century British male writers
21st-century British male writers
20th-century organists
21st-century organists
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Comedians from Glasgow

Ivor Cutler


ජීව විද්යාලත්මක මානව විද්යානව

ජීව විද්යායත්මක මානව විද්යාලව එසේත් නැතිනම් භෞතික මානව විද්යාහව වූ කලි ජීව විද්යා ත්මක පරිණාමීය යාන්ත්ය‍රණයන්, ජානමය ප්ව‍රවේණීන්, මානව අනුවර්ත්‍යතාවය සහ විචලනය ආදි මානව අධ්‍යයන විද්යා ව, මානව රූපකෘත විද්යාරව සහ මානව පරිණාමයේ පොසිල වර්තා පිලිබඳව අධ්‍යනය කෙරෙන මානව විද්යාමවේ ශාඛාවයි.
භෞතික මානව විද්යා ව ඇල්ෆඞ් රසල් වොලස් හා චාල්ස් ඩාවින්ගේ ස්වභාවික වරණය පිලිබඳ න්‍යායන් සහ ග්‍රෙගරි මෙන්ඩල්ගේ ප්ල‍රවේණිය පිලිබඳ පර්යේෂණයන් එළිදැක්වීමට පෙර 19 වන සියවසේදී වර්ධනය වූවකි. ඊට එම නම යොදනු ලැබ්වේ එහි සියළු දත්තයන් භෞතිකව පවතින ඒවා (පොසිල, මිනිස් ඇටකටු) වූ බැවිනි. ඩාවින්ගේ න්‍යායන් සහ නූතන සහවාදයන්ගේ නැඟීමත් සමඟ මානව විද්යා ඥයින්ට නව ආකාරයේ දත්තයන් වෙත ප්ත‍රවේශය උදාවූ අතර බොහොමයක් දෙනා තමන්ව 'ජීව විද්යා්ත්මක මානව විද්යා ඥයින්' ලෙස හඳුන්වා ගැනීමට පටන් ගත්හ.
මානවමිතිය පිලිබඳ අධ්‍යනයන් වැනි භෞතික මානව විද්යානවේ මුල් කාලීන ශාඛාවන් මේ වන විට ව්‍යාජ විද්යා්වන් ලෙස සලකා බැහැර කරනු ලැබ ඇත. කපාල දර්ශකය වැනි මිනුම් චර්යාවාදී ගතිලක්‍ෂණ සොයාගැනීමට උපකාරී කරගනු ලැබූ අතර මුල් කාලීන විද්යාකත්මක භෞතික මානව විද්යාවවේ ආරම්භකයින් ලෙස පෝල් බ්‍රෝකා සහ ෆ්රාන්ස් බොයස් හැඳින්විය හැකිය.

ජීව විද්යාලත්මක මානව විද්යානව


۷۰ سبعون هو عدد طبيعي يلي العدد 69 ويسبق العدد 71.

في الرياضيات

خصائص

 عدد طبيعي.

 عدد زوجي.
 عدد موجب، السالب منه هو -70.

في التاريخ

 70 هـ هي سنة في التقويم الهجري.
 هي سنة 70 م في التقويم الميلادي.

مراجع

أعداد صحيحة
أعداد ونسب في القرآن

70 (عدد)


Sauka ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka (1934–1990), malawischer Dichter und Komponist
 Smizer Sauka (1965–2016), weißrussischer Sprachwissenschaftler

Siehe auch:
 Sauka (Lettland), Ort mit dem deutschen Namen Saucken

Siehe auch:
 Sauca

Sauka


جبل بُوقُطْرَان جبل يقع بشمال غربي الجمهورية التونسية، شمال شرقي مدينة جندوبة وغربي مدينة باجة. يبلغ ارتفاعه 903 م.

المراجع

بوقطران

جبل بوقطران


Jarmača (prema jaram) ili gater je stroj koji se koristi u pilanama za uzdužno raspiljivanje drvenih trupaca u piljenice, prizme, grede. Kod jarmače pili se ravnocrtnim gibanjem okvira (jarma), u koji je upeto do dvadeset lisnih pila. Jaram se giba u ravnini okomitoj na smjer pomicanja trupca, i to u okomitim jarmačama gore-dolje, a u vodoravnim ulijevo-udesno. U pilanama se jarmača koristi kao primarni stroj za raspiljivanje oblovine (u tome ju postupno zamjenjuju tračne pile trupčare) ili kao sekundarni stroj za raspiljivanje pilanskih prizmi.

Jarmače se razlikuju prema brzini vrtnje pogonskoga vratila (sporohodne do 250 okr/min, brzohodne do 350 okr/min, visokoučinske do 400 okr/min a ima i većih), prema izgledu jarma (s punim ili jednostrano bočno otvorenim jarmom) i drugo. Najčešće se primjenjuje okomita jarmača, zbog svojega velikog učinka, velike točnosti piljenja te jednostavnosti održavanja i rukovanja. Posebno je pogodna za piljenje većega broja trupaca sličnih izmjera (dimenzija). Često se koriste po dvije jarmače u jednoj liniji (primarna i sekundarna) ili u kombinaciji s drugim strojem, primjerice strojem za iveranje vanjskih dijela trupca.

Lisne pile

Strojne lisne pile služe za odrezivanje velikih obradaka. Obradak se učvrsti u stegi i pila se pusti u rad (glavno gibanje). Sama težina okvira lisne pile (ili s dodanim utegom) ostvaruje posmično gibanje. Oblik zubaca ovisi o vrsti materijala koji se pili, ali uvijek mora zadovoljiti kao i drugi rezni alati: čistoću reza, trajnost oštrice i sposobnost rezanja. Kutovi zubaca pile: prednji kut zubaca γ se kreće od 0º do 5º, a stražnji α od 30º do 40º.

Što je manja duljina piljenja ili promjer odabranog predmeta, to i zubi pile moraju biti manji. S njime i razmak između zubi mora biti manji. On se odabire s obzirom na količinu strugotine koja se mora smjestiti u međuprostor zubi i odvesti iz zasjeka (direktno ovisi o duljini piljenja). Što je duljina piljenja veća, veći moraju biti i razmaci među zubima. Vrijedi i obrnuto tj. za male duljine piljenja možemo koristiti male zube i mali razmak među njima. Zupci svih pila su izvinuti (razvraćeni) prema van, odnosno izvan ravnine lista pile, tako da je širina piljenog dijela (propiljka) uvijek veća nego debljina lista pile. To koristimo da se spriječi trenje između lista pile i materijala koji pilimo, te moguće zaribavanje i oštećivanje alata obratka ili alatnog stroja. Razlikujemo više načina izvinuća (razvraćenja) zubaca: lijevo - desno, lijevo - desno – ravno, 3 lijevo - 1 ravno – 3 desno i valovito.

Izvori

Obrada metala
Alati
Drvoprerađivačka industrija

Jarmača