In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, an injective module is a module Q that shares certain desirable properties with the Z-module Q of all rational numbers. Specifically, if Q is a submodule of some other module, then it is already a direct summand of that module; also, given a submodule of a module Y, any module homomorphism from this submodule to Q can be extended to a homomorphism from all of Y to Q. This concept is dual to that of projective modules. Injective modules were introduced in  and are discussed in some detail in the textbook .

Injective modules have been heavily studied, and a variety of additional notions are defined in terms of them: Injective cogenerators are injective modules that faithfully represent the entire category of modules. Injective resolutions measure how far from injective a module is in terms of the injective dimension and represent modules in the derived category. Injective hulls are maximal essential extensions, and turn out to be minimal injective extensions. Over a Noetherian ring, every injective module is uniquely a direct sum of indecomposable modules, and their structure is well understood. An injective module over one ring, may not be injective over another, but there are well-understood methods of changing rings which handle special cases. Rings which are themselves injective modules have a number of interesting properties and include rings such as group rings of finite groups over fields. Injective modules include divisible groups and are generalized by the notion of injective objects in category theory.

Definition

A left module Q over the ring R is injective if it satisfies one (and therefore all) of the following equivalent conditions:
 If Q is a submodule of some other left R-module M, then there exists another submodule K of M such that M is the internal direct sum of Q and K, i.e. Q + K = M and Q ∩ K = {0}.
 Any short exact sequence 0 →Q → M → K → 0 of left R-modules splits.
 If X and Y are left R-modules, f : X → Y is an injective module homomorphism and g : X → Q is an arbitrary module homomorphism, then there exists a module homomorphism h : Y → Q such that hf = g, i.e. such that the following diagram commutes:

 The contravariant Hom functor Hom(-,Q) from the category of left R-modules to the category of abelian groups is exact.

Injective right R-modules are defined in complete analogy.

Examples

First examples

Trivially, the zero module {0} is injective.

Given a field k, every k-vector space Q is an injective k-module. Reason: if Q is a subspace of V, we can find a basis of Q and extend it to a basis of V. The new extending basis vectors span a subspace K of V and V is the internal direct sum of Q and K. Note that the direct complement K of Q is not uniquely determined by Q, and likewise the extending map h in the above definition is typically not unique.

The rationals Q (with addition) form an injective abelian group (i.e. an injective Z-module). The factor group Q/Z and the circle group are also injective Z-modules. The factor group Z/nZ for n > 1 is injective as a Z/nZ-module, but not injective as an abelian group.

Commutative examples

More generally, for any integral domain R with field of fractions K, the R-module K is an injective R-module, and indeed the smallest injective R-module containing R. For any Dedekind domain, the quotient module K/R is also injective, and its indecomposable summands are the localizations  for the nonzero prime ideals . The zero ideal is also prime and corresponds to the injective K. In this way there is a 1-1 correspondence between prime ideals and indecomposable injective modules.

A particularly rich theory is available for commutative noetherian rings due to Eben Matlis, . Every injective module is uniquely a direct sum of indecomposable injective modules, and the indecomposable injective modules are uniquely identified as the injective hulls of the quotients R/P where P varies over the prime spectrum of the ring. The injective hull of R/P as an R-module is canonically an RP module, and is the RP-injective hull of R/P. In other words, it suffices to consider local rings. The endomorphism ring of the injective hull of R/P is the completion  of R at P.

Two examples are the injective hull of the Z-module Z/pZ (the Prüfer group), and the injective hull of the k[x]-module k (the ring of inverse polynomials). The latter is easily described as k[x,x−1]/xk[x]. This module has a basis consisting of "inverse monomials", that is x−n for n = 0, 1, 2, …. Multiplication by scalars is as expected, and multiplication by x behaves normally except that x·1 = 0. The endomorphism ring is simply the ring of formal power series.

Artinian examples

If G is a finite group and k a field with characteristic 0, then one shows in the theory of group representations that any subrepresentation of a given one is already a direct summand of the given one. Translated into module language, this means that all modules over the group algebra kG are injective. If the characteristic of k is not zero, the following example may help.

If A is a unital associative algebra over the field k with finite dimension over k, then Homk(−, k) is a duality between finitely generated left A-modules and finitely generated right A-modules. Therefore, the finitely generated injective left A-modules are precisely the modules of the form Homk(P, k) where P is a finitely generated projective right A-module. For symmetric algebras, the duality is particularly well-behaved and projective modules and injective modules coincide.

For any Artinian ring, just as for commutative rings, there is a 1-1 correspondence between prime ideals and indecomposable injective modules. The correspondence in this case is perhaps even simpler: a prime ideal is an annihilator of a unique simple module, and the corresponding indecomposable injective module is its injective hull. For finite-dimensional algebras over fields, these injective hulls are finitely-generated modules .

Computing injective hulls
If  is a Noetherian ring and  is a prime ideal, set  as the injective hull. The injective hull of  over the Artinian ring  can be computed as the module . It is a module of the same length as . In particular, for the standard graded ring  and ,  is an injective module, giving the tools for computing the indecomposable injective modules for artinian rings over .

Self-injectivity
An Artin local ring  is injective over itself if and only if  is a 1-dimensional vector space over . This implies every local Gorenstein ring which is also Artin is injective over itself since has a 1-dimensional socle. A simple non-example is the ring  which has maximal ideal  and residue field . Its socle is , which is 2-dimensional. The residue field has the injective hull .

Modules over Lie algebras
For a Lie algebra  over a field  of characteristic 0, the category of modules  has a relatively straightforward description of its injective modules. Using the universal enveloping algebra any injective -module can be constructed from the -modulefor some -vector space . Note this vector space has a -module structure from the injectionIn fact, every -module has an injection into some  and every injective -module is a direct summand of some .

Theory

Structure theorem for commutative Noetherian rings
Over a commutative Noetherian ring , every injective module is a direct sum of indecomposable injective modules and every indecomposable injective module is the injective hull of the residue field at a prime . That is, for an injective  , there is an isomorphismwhere  are the injective hulls of the modules . In addition, if  is the injective hull of some module  then the  are the associated primes of .

Submodules, quotients, products, and sums

Any product of (even infinitely many) injective modules is injective; conversely, if a direct product of modules is injective, then each module is injective . Every direct sum of finitely many injective modules is injective. In general, submodules, factor modules, or infinite direct sums of injective modules need not be injective. Every submodule of every injective module is injective if and only if the ring is Artinian semisimple ; every factor module of every injective module is injective if and only if the ring is hereditary, ; every infinite direct sum of injective modules is injective if and only if the ring is Noetherian, .

Baer's criterion

In Baer's original paper, he proved a useful result, usually known as Baer's Criterion, for checking whether a module is injective: a left R-module Q is injective if and only if any homomorphism g : I → Q defined on a left ideal I of R can be extended to all of R.

Using this criterion, one can show that Q is an injective abelian group (i.e. an injective module over Z). More generally, an abelian group is injective if and only if it is divisible. More generally still: a module over a principal ideal domain is injective if and only if it is divisible (the case of vector spaces is an example of this theorem, as every field is a principal ideal domain and every vector space is divisible). Over a general integral domain, we still have one implication: every injective module over an integral domain is divisible.

Baer's criterion has been refined in many ways , including a result of  and  that for a commutative Noetherian ring, it suffices to consider only prime ideals I. The dual of Baer's criterion, which would give a test for projectivity, is false in general. For instance, the Z-module Q satisfies the dual of Baer's criterion but is not projective.

Injective cogenerators

Maybe the most important injective module is the abelian group Q/Z. It is an injective cogenerator in the category of abelian groups, which means that it is injective and any other module is contained in a suitably large product of copies of Q/Z. So in particular, every abelian group is a subgroup of an injective one. It is quite significant that this is also true over any ring: every module is a submodule of an injective one, or "the category of left R-modules has enough injectives." To prove this, one uses the peculiar properties of the abelian group Q/Z to construct an injective cogenerator in the category of left R-modules.

For a left R-module M, the so-called "character module" M+ = HomZ(M,Q/Z) is a right R-module that exhibits an interesting duality, not between injective modules and projective modules, but between injective modules and flat modules . For any ring R, a left R-module is flat if and only if its character module is injective. If R is left noetherian, then a left R-module is injective if and only if its character module is flat.

Injective hulls

The injective hull of a module is the smallest injective module containing the given one and was described in .

One can use injective hulls to define a minimal injective resolution (see below). If each term of the injective resolution is the injective hull of the cokernel of the previous map, then the injective resolution has minimal length.

Injective resolutions
Every module M also has an injective resolution: an exact sequence of the form
0 → M → I0 → I1 → I2 → ...
where the I j are injective modules. Injective resolutions can be used to define derived functors such as the Ext functor.

The length of a finite injective resolution is the first index n such that In is nonzero and Ii = 0 for i greater than n. If a module M admits a finite injective resolution, the minimal length among all finite injective resolutions of M is called its injective dimension and denoted id(M). If M does not admit a finite injective resolution, then by convention the injective dimension is said to be infinite.  As an example, consider a module M such that id(M) = 0. In this situation, the exactness of the sequence 0 → M → I0 → 0 indicates that the arrow in the center is an isomorphism, and hence M itself is injective.

Equivalently, the injective dimension of M is the minimal integer (if there is such, otherwise ∞) n such that Ext(–,M) = 0 for all N > n.

Indecomposables
Every injective submodule of an injective module is a direct summand, so it is important to understand indecomposable injective modules, .

Every indecomposable injective module has a local endomorphism ring. A module is called a uniform module if every two nonzero submodules have nonzero intersection. For an injective module M the following are equivalent:
 M is indecomposable
 M is nonzero and is the injective hull of every nonzero submodule
 M is uniform
 M is the injective hull of a uniform module
 M is the injective hull of a uniform cyclic module
 M has a local endomorphism ring

Over a Noetherian ring, every injective module is the direct sum of (uniquely determined) indecomposable injective modules. Over a commutative Noetherian ring, this gives a particularly nice understanding of all injective modules, described in . The indecomposable injective modules are the injective hulls of the modules R/p for p a prime ideal of the ring R. Moreover, the injective hull M of R/p has an increasing filtration by modules Mn given by the annihilators of the ideals pn, and Mn+1/Mn is isomorphic as finite-dimensional vector space over the quotient field k(p) of R/p to HomR/p(pn/pn+1, k(p)).

Change of rings
It is important to be able to consider modules over subrings or quotient rings, especially for instance polynomial rings. In general, this is difficult, but a number of results are known, .

Let S and R be rings, and P be a left-R, right-S bimodule that is flat as a left-R module. For any injective right S-module M, the set of module homomorphisms HomS( P, M ) is an injective right R-module. The same statement holds of course after interchanging left- and right- attributes.

For instance, if R is a subring of S such that S is a flat R-module, then every injective S-module is an injective R-module. In particular, if R is an integral domain and S its field of fractions, then every vector space over S is an injective R-module. Similarly, every injective R[x]-module is an injective R-module.

In the opposite direction, a ring homomorphism  makes R into a left-R, right-S bimodule, by left and right multiplication. Being free over itself R is also flat as a left R-module. Specializing the above statement for P = R, it says that when M is an injective right S-module the coinduced module  is an injective right R-module. Thus, coinduction over f produces injective R-modules from injective S-modules.

For quotient rings R/I, the change of rings is also very clear. An R-module is an R/I-module precisely when it is annihilated by I. The submodule annI(M) = { m in M : im = 0 for all i in I } is a left submodule of the left R-module M, and is the largest submodule of M that is an R/I-module. If M is an injective left R-module, then annI(M) is an injective left R/I-module. Applying this to R=Z, I=nZ and M=Q/Z, one gets the familiar fact that Z/nZ is injective as a module over itself. While it is easy to convert injective R-modules into injective R/I-modules, this process does not convert injective R-resolutions into injective R/I-resolutions, and the homology of the resulting complex is one of the early and fundamental areas of study of relative homological algebra.

The textbook  has an erroneous proof that localization preserves injectives, but a counterexample was given in .

Self-injective rings
Every ring with unity is a free module and hence is a projective as a module over itself, but it is rarer for a ring to be injective as a module over itself, . If a ring is injective over itself as a right module, then it is called a right self-injective ring. Every Frobenius algebra is self-injective, but no integral domain that is not a field is self-injective. Every proper quotient of a Dedekind domain is self-injective.

A right Noetherian, right self-injective ring is called a quasi-Frobenius ring, and is two-sided Artinian and two-sided injective, .  An important module theoretic property of quasi-Frobenius rings is that the projective modules are exactly the injective modules.

Generalizations and specializations

Injective objects

One also talks about injective objects in categories more general than module categories, for instance in functor categories or in categories of sheaves of OX-modules over some ringed space (X,OX). The following general definition is used: an object Q of the category C is injective if for any monomorphism f : X → Y in C and any morphism g : X → Q there exists a morphism h : Y → Q with hf = g.

Divisible groups

The notion of injective object in the category of abelian groups was studied somewhat independently of injective modules under the term divisible group. Here a Z-module M is injective if and only if n⋅M = M for every nonzero integer n. Here the relationships between flat modules, pure submodules, and injective modules is more clear, as it simply refers to certain divisibility properties of module elements by integers.

Pure injectives

In relative homological algebra, the extension property of homomorphisms may be required only for certain submodules, rather than for all. For instance, a pure injective module is a module in which a homomorphism from a pure submodule can be extended to the whole module.

References

Notes

Textbooks

Primary sources

Homological algebra
Module theory

Injective module


Miladi 3. yüzyıl, 201'den 300'e kadar sürmüş yüzyıldır.

Olaylar
 212: Constitutio Antoniniana tüm özgür Romalılara vatandaşlık verir.
 230-232: Roma doğusunda kaybedilmiş kısımları tekrar fethetmek için Sasani hanedanlığı savaş başlatır.
 235-284: Üçüncü Yüzyıl Bunalımı
 250-538: Kofun dönemi, Japonya'daki Yamato döneminin ilk bölümü.
 265-420: Çin'in Jin Hanedanlığı
 Sarnath, Hindistan'daki Budist sanatlar merkezi haline gelir

Önemli kişiler
 İskenderiyeli Clement
 Diocletian, Roma imparatoru
 İskenderiyeli Diophantus, Arithmetica'yı kaleme almıştır
 Hippolytus
 Liu Hui, Çinli matematikçi
 Mani, Manihaizmin kurucusu
 Origenes
 İskenderiyeli Pappus
 Plotinus, Neoplatonizmin kurucusu
 Tertullianus
 Wang Pi

İcat ve Keşifler
 Suriye'deki bir prenses için primitif bir gözlük yapılmıştır.
 Çin'de pusula icat edilmiştir.

Yüzyıllar

3. yüzyıl


Les Franciscaines de Notre-Dame du Refuge (en latin : Congregatio Sororum Franciscalium a D. N. a Refugio) forment une congrégation religieuse féminine hospitalière de droit pontifical.

Histoire

Le 4 août 1889, Livrade Orozco Santa Cruz (1834-1926) commence la vie commune à Zapopan avec six compagnes dans le but de créer une communauté pour aider les plus nécessiteux. Elles prennent pour guide spirituel le prêtre Pascal-Antoine de l'Enfant-Jésus, religieux franciscain, qui les place sous la protection de la Vierge du Refuge. Elles adoptent donc le nom de Tertiaires Franciscaines de Notre-Dame du Refuge. Les sept premières aspirantes prononcent leur vœux religieux le 7 mai 1897. L'apostolat des sœurs s'étend ensuite à la réinsertion des anciennes prostituées, l'enseignement, les hôpitaux, les orphelinats et les missions.

L'institut est agrégé à l'ordre des frères mineurs le 30 avril 1921 ; il reçoit le décret de louange le 27 novembre 1944 du pape Pie XII et ses constitutions sont reconnues le 22 janvier 1962. La congrégation est définitivement approuvée le 16 février suivant sous le nom de sœurs franciscaines de Notre-Dame du Refuge.

Activités et diffusion

Les sœurs se consacrent principalement à la réinsertion des prostituées et à l'assistance aux femmes en danger de tomber dans la toxicomanie. Elles œuvrent aussi dans les internats, les orphelinats, les hôpitaux et les missions.

Elles sont présentes au Mexique, aux États-Unis et en Italie.

La maison-mère est à Guadalajara.

En 2017, la congrégation comptait 281 sœurs dans 51 maisons.

Notes et références

Congrégation catholique féminine
Famille franciscaine
Prostitution
Fondation en 1894

Franciscaines de Notre-Dame du Refuge


Tour of Hainan er et cykelløb over ni etaper som foregår i Hainan i Kina i månedsskiftet oktober/november. Det er klassificeret som 2.Pro, og er en del af UCI ProSeries.

Vindere

Eksterne henvisninger

Etableret i 2006

Tour of Hainan


روح شاكيد هو فيلم وثائقي من إنتاج إسرائيلي، يعرض لما قامت به وحدة من الجيش الإسرائيلي بعد انتهاء حرب يونيو 67، حيث قامت بقتل 250 أسيرا مصريا عزلا ودفنهم في سيناء. وجاء في الفيلم أن بعضا من الجنود المصريين دفنوا أحياء. الفرقة العسكرية الإسرائيلية «روح شاكيد» قادها بنيامين بن إليعيزر الذي شغل لاحقا عدة مناصب وزارية. أثار الفيلم انتقادات واسعة في مصر

فقد قام التليفزيون الإسرائيلي بعرض الفيلم الوثائقي وحدة شاكيد.وتضمن الفيلم الجرائم والمجازر الرهيبة التي قام بها المجرمين الإسرائيليين ضد الاسري العزل من المصريين في حرب

وتبدأ القصة بالفيلم الذي يصف أحداث نهاية حرب 1967 التي اضطرت فيها وحدة شاكيد لمطاردة وتصفية عناصر كوماندو مصريين كانوا في قطاع غزة وحاولوا الوصول إلى سيناء، في أثناء المطاردة لعدة أيام بواسطة طائرات الهليكوبتر، وفي النهاية، «تم إحصاء حوالي 250 جندي مصري كوماندو قتيلا» 1967 ذلك الفيلم يمثل جزءا صغيرا من الواقع فهناك العديد من الروايات عن قتل الاسري المصريين منها شهادة لجندي مصري، أُسر مع 50 آخرين في منطقة في جوار قلعة العريش، قال «أثناء تجميعنا في مطار العريش يوم 8 حزيران 1967 أمرونا بالنوم داخل حظائر الطائرات بعضنا فوق بعض، وفي الصباح توفي 70 أسيراً من الاختناق وتم دفنهم في حفر داخل المطار».

وروى جندي آخر في سلاح المشاة المذبحة التي قامت خلالها الدبابات الإسرائيلية بمطاردة نحو 150 من الأسرى المصريين ودهسهم بلا رحمة. قال «بمجرد استسلامهم قامت الدبابات الإسرائيلية بمطاردتهم ودهسهم مثل العصافير».
والجندي، الذي يحمل الرقم العسكري 46295، قال «أثناء وجودنا في معسكر عتليت، روى لي أحد الجنود المصريين أن أرييل شارون داس بالدبابات على بعض الجنود فقتلوا جميعاً».
وقال أسير آخر «أثناء وجودنا في معسكر بئر السبع، شاهدتهم يقومون بدفن مصابين من الجنود الأسرى وهم أحياء، بعدما يأمرونهم بحفر قبورهم ثم يردمون التراب عليهم».
ولعل أخطر الاعترافات تلك التي تتعلق بتجارة الأعضاء، حيث شكّل الأسرى المصريون مستودعاً هائلاً لقطع الغيار البشرية، وكان السماسرة يجنون أرباحاً خيالية من بيع الأعضاء في أوروبا وإسرائيل. كما كان طلبة الطب هناك يتدربون على العمليات الجراحية على هؤلاء الأسرى.
وقد اعترف أحد التجار، وهو إسرائيلي يعيش في باريس، «لقد رأيت بعيني عشرات من الأسرى وقد شقّت بطونهم أمامي بأيدي طلبة الطب الصغار، واقشعرّ بدني لهذه الطريقة البشعة».
وأكبر دليل علي ذلك اعترافات بنيامين بن إليعازر وزير البنية التحتية الإسرائيلي الخطيرة حيث انه كان قائدا في وحدة شاكيد
قامت الدنيا ولم تقعد عندما قتل هتلر اليهود في اربيعينات القرن الماضي (الهولوكوست)
ونصبت المحاكم للنازيين اما العرب فلا عزاء لهم
ليتذكر الإسرائيليون أن جرائم النازى ضدهم إذا كانت لم تسقط حتى الآن من ذاكرتهم فإن جرائمهم لن تسقط من ذاكرة الشعب المصري وأمته العربية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 النص الكامل للفيلم الوثائقي الإسرائيلي عن قتل الأسري المصريين: الضباط الإسرائيليون يعترفون بمطاردة الجنود المصريين وقتلهم رغم استسلامهم، جريدة الأهرام المصرية، 19 مارس 2007
 كالعادة.. الحكومة تهربت من مناقشة استجوابات فضيحة قتل الأسرى المصريين، إخوان أون لاين

أفلام وثائقية إسرائيلية
أفلام وثائقية حول الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي
أفلام وثائقية 2008
أفلام وثائقية عن الحرب
جرائم حرب إسرائيلية
أفلام عن حرب 1967

روح شاكيد (فيلم)


The Dark Horse  é um filme de drama neozelandês de 2014 dirigido por James Napier Robertson.

Sinopse

O filme é inspirado na extraordinária figura de Genesis Wayne Potini (5 de setembro de 1963 – 15 de agosto de 2011), um jogador de xadrez blitz em particular que, lutando contra os demônios do transtorno bipolar, abriu um clube de xadrez, The Eastern Knights, para ensinar o jogo a crianças desfavorecidas e ao mesmo tempo obter a recuperação de jovens em risco.

O grupo de "cavaleiros do Oriente" cresce, Potini pode levá-los para jogar um torneio juvenil a nível nacional em Auckland.

Elenco

Prêmios
O filme, lançado na Nova Zelândia em 2014, ganhou o New Zealand Film Awards de Melhor Filme, enquanto o personagem principal, Cliff Curtis, ganhou o prêmio de Melhor Ator no Asia Pacific Screen Awards.

Notas

Cinebiografias de desportistas
Filmes gravados na Nova Zelândia
Filmes ambientados na Nova Zelândia
Filmes sobre xadrez
Transtorno bipolar em filmes
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes da Nova Zelândia de 2014
Filmes de drama da Nova Zelândia
Filmes de drama da década de 2010

The Dark Horse (2014)


L'Indie Megabooth est une section de convention de jeux dédiée à la présentation et à la promotion des jeux indépendants. Elle est lancée à PAX East 2012 et est ensuite apparue à d'autres événements PAX. Elle est aussi étendue à d'autres salons, notamment l'Eurogamer Expo, Electronic Entertainment Expo, Game Developers Conference, et Gamescom.

Elle est créée par Kelly Wallick, qui est devenue l'organisatrice à plein temps du stand en 2013.

En 2020, les organisateurs de l'Indie Megabooth choisissent de « mettre au repos » l'Indie Megabooth pendant la durée de la pandémie de COVID-19.

Références

Festival de jeux

Indie Megabooth


Kızılhamza, Çorum ilinin Ortaköy ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1925 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır. Daha önceleri Mecitözü kazasına bağlıyken, 19 Ocak 1930'da Hüseyinabat kazasına bağlandı. Ortaköy'ün ilçe olmasının ardından ise buraya bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 38 km, Ortaköy ilçe merkezine 19 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Ortaköy belde ve köyleri

Kızılhamza, Ortaköy


O WTA Tour de 2008 foi a turnê de elite do tênis feminino profissional organizado pela Women's Tennis Association (WTA) para a temporada de 2008.

O WTA Tour de 2008 incluiu os quatro torneios Grand Slam  (supervisionados pela International Tennis Federation (ITF)), os eventos WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III e Tier IV, a Fed Cup (organizada pela ITF) e o WTA Championships de final de ano.

Ranking de final de ano
Lista das 20 primeiras do ranking de final de ano da WTA de 2008 em competições de simples e duplas:

Ver também
 Temporada do Grand Prix de tênis de 2008
 Associação de Tênis Feminino (WTA)
 Federação Internacional de Tênis (ITF)

Ligações externas
 WTA Tournaments - 2008 WTA

2008
W
Temporadas da WTA

Temporada da WTA de 2008


غونتر نيتزر  ، من مواليد 14 سبتمبر 1944 ، لاعب كرة قدم ألماني سابق. لعب مع منتخب ألمانيا لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ألمانيون غربيون مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء وسام الاستحقاق في ولاية شمال الراين وستفاليا
ألمان مهاجرون إلى سويسرا
رياضيون ألمان مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون ألمان مغتربون في سويسرا
رياضيون ألمانيون غربيون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون ألمانيون غربيون مغتربون في سويسرا
رياضيون من مونشنغلادباخ
صحفيون ألمان
صحفيون رياضيون ألمان
طاقم نادي هامبورغ غير اللاعبين
كتاب ألمان
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو المنتخبات الفائزة بكأس العالم
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1972
لاعبو بوروسيا مونشنغلادباخ
لاعبو دوري السوبر السويسري
لاعبو ريال مدريد
لاعبو غراسهوبرز زيورخ
لاعبو كأس العالم 1974
لاعبو كرة قدم ألمان
لاعبو كرة قدم ألمانيون غربيون
لاعبو كرة قدم ألمانيون غربيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ألمانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ألمانيون غربيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في سويسرا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون ألمان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في سويسرا
لاعبو كرة قدم من شمال الراين-وستفاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم من مونشنغلادباخ
لاعبو منتخب ألمانيا في كأس العالم 1974
لاعبو منتخب ألمانيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبون فائزون ببطولة أمم أوروبا
مذيعون رياضيون ألمان
مواليد 1944
مواليد في مونشنغلادباخ

غونتر نيتزر


Ulični hokej skupina je timskih športova koji se igraju na otvorenom, bilo pješice ili na koturaljkama, koristeći loptu ili pȁk dizajniran za igru na ravnim, suhim površinama kao što je asfalt.

Cilj svake igre jest postići više golova od protivničke momčadi ispucavanjem lopte ili paka u protivničku mrežu. Pravila igre izvedene su od ostalih vrsta hokeja: hokeja na koturaljkama, inline hokeja, dvoranskog hokeja, bendija i hokeja na ledu te hokeja na travi.

Varijanta na kotačićima uključuju upotrebu koturaljki i različito se klasificiraju kao inline hokej ili hokej na koturaljkama.

Vanjske poveznice
The street hockey game that never ends bostonglobe.com
Street Hockey Rules and Regulations (engleski)
The official rules of inline hockey (engleski)

Hokej
Hokej na koturaljkama

Ulični hokej


Shuto Nakahara (født 29. oktober 1990) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Kagoshima United FC.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shuto Nakahara


Neplachov (deutsch Neplachow) ist eine Gemeinde in Tschechien. Sie liegt zehn Kilometer südwestlich von Veselí nad Lužnicí in Südböhmen und gehört zum Okres České Budějovice.

Geographie

Neplachov befindet sich beiderseits des Baches Neplachovský potok am Rande des Wittingauer Beckens im Landstrich Pšeničná Blata. In der Umgebung des Dorfes liegen mehrere große Fischteiche, darunter der Bošilecký rybník im Nordosten, der Záblatský rybník im Südosten und der Stojčín im Südwesten. Am östlichen Ortsrand verläuft die E 55/I/3 zwischen Budweis und Veselí nad Lužnicí, dahinter die Bahnstrecke České Budějovice–Veselí nad Lužnicí.

Nachbarorte sind Pelejovice und Sedlíkovice im Norden, Bošilec, Hradina und Dynín im Nordosten, Lhota und Ponědraž im Osten, Záblatí im Südosten, Mazelov und Švamberk im Süden, Gebrovna, Ševětín und Vlkov im Südwesten, Drahotěšice im Westen sowie Radonice, Hvozdno und Popovice im Nordwesten.

Geschichte
Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des Dorfes Neplachowicz erfolgte am 10. Oktober 1323 in einer Urkunde König Johann von Luxemburgs über einen Gütertausch der böhmischen Krone mit Peter I. von Rosenberg. Der König erhielt dabei zur Abrundung seiner Herrschaft Bechyně die Dörfer Radětice, Hvožďany und Křída; im Gegenzug trat er das Städtchen Bukovsko mit den Dörfern Neplachowicz und Drahotěšice an Peter von Rosenberg ab. Ab 1379 wurde der Ort als Neplachow bezeichnet. Später wurde Neplachov anteilig der Herrschaft und dem Klostergut Wittingau untertänig. Über Neplachov führte mit der Linzer Straße von Budweis nach Prag ein bedeutsamer mittelalterlicher Handelsweg, von dem hier der Weg nach Bukovsko abzweigte.

Nachdem 1716 bei einem Großfeuer sieben der Fürstlich Schwarzenbergischen Herrschaft und sechs dem Klostergut gehörige Gehöfte niedergebrannt waren, ordnete Fürst Adam zu Schwarzenberg die Verlegung der Speicher vom Dorfplatz an die Feldseite sowie den Bau von zumindest teilweise steinernen Gebäuden an. 1789 wurde in Neplachov die erste Filiale der Pfarrschule Schewetin gegründet. Im Jahre 1840 bestand Neplachow aus 67 Häusern mit 548 Einwohnern. 56 Häuser gehörten zur Herrschaft und elf zum Gut Wittingau. Im Dorf bestand eine Privatschule. Pfarrort war Schewetin. Mit Unterstützung des Fürsten zu Schwarzenberg wurde 1841 ein eigenes Schulhaus errichtet. Bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb das Dorf immer anteilig der Herrschaft bzw. dem Gut Wittingau untertänig.

Nach der Aufhebung der Patrimonialherrschaften bildete Neplachov/Neplachow ab 1850 eine Gemeinde in der Bezirkshauptmannschaft Třeboň/Wittingau und dem Gerichtsbezirk Lomnice nad Lužnicí. 1873 entstand östlich des Dorfes die Bahnstrecke České Budějovice–Veselí nad Lužnicí, eine Bahnstation erhielt der Ort jedoch noch nicht. 1910 lebten in der Gemeinde 568 tschechischsprachige Einwohner. Nach der Aufhebung des Okres Třeboň wurde Neplachov 1948 Teil des Okres Soběslav. Dieser wurde 1961 wieder aufgelöst und das Dorf dem Okres České Budějovice zugeordnet. Am 1. April 1976 erfolgte die Eingemeindung nach Dynín. Nach einem Referendum löste sich Neplachov zum 24. November 1990 wieder von Dynín los. Die Schule wurde 1996 geschlossen.

Gemeindegliederung
Für die Gemeinde Neplachov sind keine Ortsteile ausgewiesen.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Kapelle des hl. Wenzel auf dem Dorfplatz, errichtet 1929
 Gehöfte im Blatastil des südböhmischen Bauernbarock
 Gut Švamberk

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Geschichte des Dorfes

Ersterwähnung 1323

Neplachov


Hiroshi Narazaki (født 1. juni 1981) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Sagan Tosu.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hiroshi Narazaki


Joachim Krebs (* 27. November 1952 in Karlsruhe; † 28. Dezember 2013 in Ettlingen) war ein deutscher Komponist, Musiker, Klangkünstler und Medienkünstler.

Künstlerische Tätigkeit

Joachim Krebs studierte an der Staatlichen Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe Klavier (bei Günter Reinhold) und Komposition bei Eugen Werner Velte, bei dem er 1984 sein Diplom in Komposition ablegte. Von 1968 bis 1978 war er, als Komponist und Musiker (Keyboards), Mitglied der deutschen Polit-Rockmusiktheatergruppe "Checkpoint Charlie". Er komponierte Musiken und Songs für Sprecher und Rockgruppe über Texte u. a. von Allen Ginsberg, Charles Bukowski und Rolf Dieter Brinkmann. Ab 1978 entstanden Instrumentalkompositionen für Orchester und Kammermusik, für die er nationale und internationale Stipendien und Preise erhielt. Alle Instrumentalwerke von 1978 bis 1989 sind bei Peermusik Hamburg/New York verlegt.

1980 gründete er die Folk-Jazz-Rock-Musikgruppe "Sohra" (Helmut Bieler-Wendt, Hakim Ludin). Gefördert unter anderem durch den German Marshall Fund absolvierte er 1983 Studienaufenthalte in Indien (Bombay) und den USA (New York, Washington, San Francisco), wo er mit außereuropäischen Musikern und amerikanischen Komponisten der Minimalmusic im Austausch stand. 1984 und 1986 war er Kursleiter für freie Improvisation bei den Internationalen Ferienkursen für Zeitgenössische Musik in Darmstadt (die er seit 1978 besuchte). Von 1983 bis 1985 unterrichtete er an der Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe Analyse, Instrumentation und Musiktheorie und hatte dort seit 1986 einen Lehrauftrag für freie Improvisation.

Sein besonderes Interesse an der Elektroakustischen Musik war in seiner gesamten künstlerischen Laufbahn präsent. Insbesondere entwickelte er zwischen 1994 und 1996, im Rahmen seiner Reihe "Artificial Soundscapes" ein originäres Verfahren, genannt "EndoMikroSonoSkopie", um die zuvor mit dem menschlichen Ohr nicht wahrnehmbaren Klangstrukturen natürlicher Stimmen und Geräusche hörbar – und damit auch für die eigene musikalische Komposition fruchtbar – zu machen. Diese Kompositionstechnik gewann zunehmend Bedeutung in den Werken, die gemeinsam mit Sabine Schäfer entstanden. Seit 1998 arbeitete das Künstlerpaar <sabine schäfer // joachim krebs> von 2009 bis 2013 unter dem Namen <SA/JO> auf dem Gebiet der Raumklangkunst, der Klang-Licht-Kunst sowie der Audio-Video-Installation.

Eine wesentliche Grundlage zur Gewinnung ihres künstlerischen Basismaterials ist ihre Zusammenarbeit mit Wissenschaftlern und wissenschaftlichen Institutionen. Für die von Peter Weibel 2009 initiierte Kooperation von ZKM und KIT entwickelten sie das Auftaktprojekt "MicroSonical Shining Biospheres No. 1". Ihr Ausstellungsprojekt "SolarSonical Insects #2" mit einem Public Viewing von Natur und Wissenschaft als Kunst, das sie 2012 für das Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe realisierten, erhielt eine Spitzenförderung durch den "Innovationsfonds KUNST des Landes Baden-Württemberg".

Seit Januar 2016 befindet sich der künstlerische Nachlass von Joachim Krebs, samt den Originalhandschriften seiner Instrumentalkompositionen im Archiv der Badischen Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe.

Auszeichnungen (Auswahl)

 1980 Internationale Gaudeamus Musikwoche Holland
 1981 Heinrich-Strobel-Stiftung des SWF
 1981 Kompositionspreis der Jürgen Ponto-Stiftung
 1982 Kunststiftung Baden-Württemberg
 1983 The German Marshall Fund of The United States
 1983 Beethoven-Preis der Stadt Bonn
 1984 Kompositionspreis der Internationalen Viola Forschungsgesellschaft
 1985 Stipendium des Ministeriums für Kunst und Wissenschaft Niedersachsen
 1989 BRD-Stipendium Deutsche Akademie Villa Massimo Rom

Werke (Auswahl)

Solo-Werke 1968–1999

Werke für Sprecher und Rockgruppe:
 Notwehr, Rockoper 1972
 Blutsturz, Rockrevue 1977
 Frühling der Krüppel, Rockrevue 1978

Orchester und kleine Instrumentalensembles:
 Musik für kleines Orchester, 1979
 Brennend erstarrte Augenblicke – Triptychon Epitaph für Orchester, 1980–83
 Traumkraut, 1981
 Slow Mobile, 1985
 Offene Ringe, 1989
 (und langsam schnitt ich mir meine Zeit aus Stille) – Skizze über R.D. Brinkmann, 1989
 Doubles and Echoes, 1991

Kammermusik und Solo-Instrumentalwerke:
 Streichquartett Nr. 1, 1978
 Quartettomanie, 1979
 … tief Unten – traumversunken …, 1979
 Rhizom I, 1981
 Klangsplitter, 1982
 … zusammenfließend singen wir die Gegenwart …, 1985
 Musik für Akkordeon, 1986
 Cello Lines, 1987
 Quartett, 1989
 … Rufer – auf Plateau …, 1990
 Alien Lines and Fields, 1993

Multimedia-Projekte:
 Narrncartan mit Peripetie oder ein ganz gewöhnlicher Tag im Leben des großen Gurglers, Internationale Ferienkurse für Zeitgenössische Musik Darmstadt, 1988
 Zwischenzonen – Zeichen – Szenen – Zustände, Multimediale 2 des ZKM Karlsruhe, 1991

Elektronische Musik und Klanginstallationen:
 Körperreaktionen – Elektronische Musik Nr. 1, 1973
 Ein Tagebuch – Musik für Synthesizer, 1978
 Zwischenzonen – elektronische Skizzen, 1985
 Electronic Loops, 1987
 Lines-in-between, Badischer Kunstverein Karlsruhe 1992
 Eye-light-painting, "Projektionen" Karlsruhe 1994
 Klangtunnel, "Das Innere Ohr" Linz 1995
 Artificial Soundscape No. 1, Klang-Galerie des Sender Freies Berlin 1995
 Artificial Soundscape No. 3, Hessischer Rundfunk 1997
 Artificial Soundscape No. 4, DeutschlandRadio Kultur 1999

Werke mit Sabine Schäfer, seit 1998 als Künstlerpaar <sabine schäfer // joachim krebs>, 2009–2013 unter dem Namen <SA/JO>

Begehbare und konzertante Klang-Licht-Installationen und Audio-Video-Installationen:
 Tableau I-III, Berliner Festwochen 1995.
 SonicRooms, Städt. Museum Ettlingen 1998.
 Sonic Lines n´Rooms, Donaueschinger Musiktage 1999.
 Sonic Lines n´Rooms No. 7, Sammlung des ZKM Karlsruhe, Ankauf 2001.
 TopoSonic Lines n´Rooms, Festival "Inventionen" Berlin 2002.
 TopoSonic Lines n´Rooms with Instruments, Ensemble TrioLog Münchener Biennale 2002.
 AquaAngelusVox, Klangkunst-Festival Unna 2003.
 TopoSonicTunnel, Sammlung des Wissenschaftsmuseums "phaeno", Ankauf 2005.
 …raumKLANGraum…entgrenzend…, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart 2006.
 TopoSonicSpheres, Festival "Musica Viva" Porto 2007.
 MicroSonical Shining Biospheres No. 1, ZKM Karlsruhe 2009
 SolarSonical Insects #2, 2012

Radiophone Klangkunst:
 AerAquaAngelusVox, DLR Kultur 1998
 ProsaPhon(ie) – eine sonotopologische SprachKlangKonsistenzMaschine, SWR 2002
 TopoSonicSpheres – eine Raumklangkomposition, SWR 2004

Diskographie (Auswahl)

 Grüss Gott mit hellem Klang Checkpoint Charlie, LP CPM 1970.
 Frühling der Krüppel, LP Schneeball Records 1978.
 Joachim Krebs, Portrait-CD, Ed. Zeitgenössische Musik, WERGO 1995.
 AquaAngelusVox <sabine schäfer // joachim krebs>, CD/DVD MDG 2003.
 TopoSonic Spheres <sabine schäfer // joachim krebs>, "artist.cd" Schott Music 2004.

Schriften (Auswahl)

 Die Raumklanginstallationen des Künstlerpaares <sabine schäfer // joachim krebs> in: "Die Zeit in der neueren Musik und den angrenzenden Künsten" Pfau-Verlag Saarbrücken 2001. ISBN 3-89727-207-5
 Die Projektreihe Artificial Soundscapes, in: "TopoSonic Arts", Kehrer Verlag Heidelberg 2007. ISBN 978-3-939583-52-3
 Sound - Time - Space – Movement, (Coauthor: Sabine Schäfer) in: Organised Sound Vol.8, Cambridge University Press 2008.
 Deleuze and the Sampler as an Audio-Microscope, (Coauthor: Sabine Schäfer) in: "Philosophical Reflections on Recorded Music", Middlesex University Press London 2008.
 Mikroklang-Architektur und Farblicht-Räume, Interview in: "KlangRaum", Kunst und Kirche 03/2009 Springer Wien New York, ISBN 978-3-211-99282-1

Literatur und Rundfunksendungen über Joachim Krebs

 Uli Aumüller Artificial Soundscapes Portrait-Sendung, Bayerischer Rundfunk, 1999
 Annette Hünnekens Brennnessel mit Lilien und Raumklängen in: Neue Landschaft, Patzer Verlag Berlin 2006.
 Hanno Ehrler: Das Unhörbare hörbar machen… in: "TopoSonic Arts" Kehrer Verlag Heidelberg 2007. ISBN 978-3-939583-52-3
 Julia Gerlach: Die MicroSonical Shining Biospheres No.1 von Sabine Schäfer und Joachim Krebs" in: Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 06/2009.
 Hanno Ehrler: Mikrostrukturaler Kosmos: Die Installation "Microsonical Shining Biospheres No. 1" von Sabine Schäfer und Joachim Krebs, Portrait-Sendung, Bayerischer Rundfunk 2010.
 Thomas M. Maier: Metamorphosen von Zeit und Raum, in: Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 03/2013.
 John Dack: "Forschung im Inneren des Klangs" in: Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 03/2014.

Weblinks

 Internetauftritt von Joachim Krebs
 Internetauftritt von <SA/JO>

 Werke von Joachim Krebs im Archiv mediaartbase.de
 Radiophone Klangkunst von Joachim Krebs im Archiv sonosphere.org
Nachlass von Joachim Krebs auf der Webseite der Badischen Landesbibliothek
Ausstellung: Leuchtender KLANG – Klingendes LICHT. Der Komponist und Medienkünstler Joachim Krebs (1952–2013)

Einzelnachweise

Komponist (Deutschland)
Komponist klassischer Musik (20. Jahrhundert)
Komponist (elektronische Musik)
Klangkünstler
Medienkünstler (Deutschland)
Hochschullehrer (HfM Karlsruhe)
Deutscher
Geboren 1952
Gestorben 2013
Mann

Joachim Krebs (Musiker)


Twenty-Second Air Force (22 AF) is a Numbered Air Force component of Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC).  It was activated on 1 July 1993 and is headquartered at Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia.

In the event of mobilization, some of the Twenty-Second Air Force's subordinate units would come under the operational control (OPCON) of the Air Mobility Command's (AMC) 21st Expeditionary Mobility Task Force, headquartered at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, while others would come under OPCON of Air Education and Training Command's 19th Air Force at Randolph AFB, Texas.

Mission
22 AF is responsible for recruiting and training reservists and for maintaining subordinate units at the highest level of combat readiness. A by-product of training is to coordinate daily support of the active duty air force.

22 AF's wartime mission is to provide combat-ready airlift and support units and augments personnel requirements to Air Mobility Command in the United States.

Twenty-Second Air Force manages more than 25,000 Reservists and has 149 unit-equipped aircraft. Reserve crews in 22 AF fly the C-130 Hercules, including the WC-130 "Hurricane Hunter" aircraft, which are located at nine different Air Force Reserve wings. The wings, flying squadrons and support units are spread throughout nine states – from New York to Mississippi, Ohio and Minnesota, with its westernmost wing in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Units

 94th Airlift Wing (Dobbins ARB, Georgia)
 302nd Airlift Wing (Peterson AFB, Colorado)
 340th Flying Training Group (Joint Base San Antonio, Texas)
 403rd Wing (Keesler AFB, Mississippi)
 908th Airlift Wing (Maxwell AFB, Alabama)
 910th Airlift Wing (Youngstown-Warren Air Reserve Station, Ohio)
 932nd Airlift Wing (Scott AFB, Illinois)
 934th Airlift Wing (Minneapolis St Paul ARS, Minnesota)

History
Established as the Domestic Division, Air Corps Ferrying Command in the early days of World War II, the organization's mission was the transport of newly produced aircraft from points within the United States to Ports of Embarkation for shipment to Britain and other overseas Allies.  In 1946, the organization was transferred to Air Transport Command and became, in essence, a military airline its Continental Division, managing transport routes within the United States.

When the USAF was created as a separate service in 1947, Military Air Transport Service was established to support the new Department of Defense, with responsibility for its support falling to the Department of the Air Force. Redesignated Western Transport Air Force (WESTAF), the organization managed all MATS operations from the Mississippi River west to the east coast of Africa until MATS was replaced by the Military Airlift Command in 1966.  When MATS became MAC, WESTAF was redesignated 22d AF, with headquarters at Travis AFB, CA.

During the 1960s, Twenty-Second Air Force transports flew missions worldwide, supporting the efforts of the United States in Southeast Asia, Europe and other places around the world.  In December 1974, the Twenty-Second Air Force absorbed Tactical Air Command's Twelfth Air Force C-130 Hercules tactical airlift operations.

On 29 March 1979, the Twenty-Second Air Force assumed responsibility for managing Military Airlift Command resources in the Pacific. For this mission, the unit provided a single commander for MAC airlift units in the Pacific theater; command and control of theater-assigned airlift forces for Pacific Air Forces; theater tactical airlift war planning and Pacific exercise planning; and aerial ports in the Pacific area to support the air movement of personnel, cargo, equipment, patients, and mail. The division participated in tactical exercises such as Team Spirit, Ulchi Focus Lens, and Capstan Dragon.

The unit was relieved from assignment to Military Airlift Command and assigned to Air Mobility Command on 1 June 1992. Activated the same day at Dobbins ARB, GA, with a change in assignment to the Air Force Reserve. It is under the peacetime command of Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command at Robins Air Force Base, GA.

Lineage

 Continental Division, Air Transport Command
 Established as the Domestic Wing, Air Corps Ferrying Command and activated  on 18 February 1942
 Redesignated Domestic Wing, Army Air Forces Ferry Command on 9 March 1942
 Redesignated Domestic Wing, Army Air Forces Ferrying Command on 31 March 1942
 Redesignated Ferrying Division, Air Transport Command on 20 June 1942
 Redesignated Continental Division, Air Transport Command on 1 March 1946
 Discontinued on 31 October 1946
 Consolidated on 29 March 1979 with Twenty-Second Air Force as Twenty-Second Air Force

 Twenty-Second Air Force
 Designated and organized as Continental Division, Military Air Transport Sservice on 1 July 1948
 Redesignated Western Transport Air Force on 1 July 1958
 Redesignated Twenty-Second Air Force on 8 January 1966
 Consolidated on 29 March 1979 with Continental Division, Air Transport Command
 Inactivated on 1 July 1993
 Activated on 1 July 1993

Assignments
 Air Corps Ferrying Command (later Army Air Forces Ferry Command, Army Air Forces Ferrying Command, Air Transport Command, 18 February 1942 – 31 October 1946
 Military Air Transport Service (later Military Airlift Command), 1 July 1948
 Air Mobility Command, 1 June 1992 – 1 July 1993
 Air Force Reserve (later Air Force Reserve Command), 1 July 1993 – present

Components

Continental Division, Air Transport Command
 Sectors

 California Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command (later 6th Ferrying Group), 18 February 1942 – 31 March 1944
 Long Beach Municipal Airport, California
 Replaced by 556th AAF Base Unit (6th Ferrying Group), 31 March 1944 – 1 December 1946
 Detroit Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command (later 3d Ferrying Group), 18 February 1942 – 31 March 1944
 Wayne County Airport, Michigan
 Replaced by 553d AAF Base Unit (3d Ferrying Group), 31 March 1944 – 15 January 1946
 Midwest Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command (later 5th Ferrying Group), 18 February 1942 – 31 March 1944
 Hensley Field, Texas
 Replaced by 555th AAF Base Unit(5th Ferrying Group), 31 March 1944 – 9 August 1946
 Nashville Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command (later 4th Ferrying Group), 18 February 1942 – 31 March 1944
 Nashville Municipal Airport, Tennessee
 Replaced by 554th AAF Base Unit (4th Ferrying Group), 31 March 1944-c. December 1945
 Northeast Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command (later 2d Ferrying Group), 18 February 1942 – 31 March 1944
 Logan Field, New Castle Army Air Field, Delaware
 Replaced by 552d AAF Base Unit (2d Ferrying Group), 31 March 1944 – 31 December 1945
 Northwest Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command (later 7th Ferrying Group), 18 February 1942 – 31 March 1944
 Boeing Field, Washington, Gore Field, Montana
 Replaced by 557th AAF Base Unit (7th Ferrying Group), 31 March 1944 – 14 December 1945
 Central Sector, Air Transport Command, 25–31 March 1944
 Western Sector, Air Transport Command, 25–31 March 1944
 Eastern Sector, Air Transport Command, 25–31 March 1944

 Wings

 23d AAF Ferrying Wing (later North Atlantic Wing, Air Transport Command), Ferrying Command, 20 Jun 1942 – 1 Sep 1943
 Presque Isle Army Air Field, Maine
 24th AAF Ferrying Wing (later South Atlantic Wing, Air Transport Command), 27 Jun 1942  – 9 October 1943
 Atkinson Field, Georgetown, British Guiana
 25th AAF Ferrying Wing (later South Pacific Wing, Air Transport Command), 27 Jun 1942 – 30 September 1943
 Hamilton Field, California
 26th AAF Ferrying Wing (later Africa Middle East Wing, Air Transport Command), 27 Jun 1942 – 30 Sep 1943
 Payne Airfield, Cairo, Egypt
 27th AAF Ferrying Wing (later Caribbean Wing, Air Transport Command), 19 Jun 1942 – 16 Oct 1943
 Foreign Wing, Ferrying Command, 28 Feb – 19 Jun 1942
 Domestic Transportation Wing, Air Transport Command, 27 Nov 1944 – 15 Jan 1945
 Central Ferrying Wing, Air Transport Command, 22 Oct 1944 – 10 Mar 1945
 Western Ferrying Wing, Air Transport Command, 22 Oct 1944 – 10 Mar 1945
 Eastern Ferrying Wing, Air Transport Command, 22 Oct 1944 – 10 Mar 1945

 Groups

 2d Ferrying Group (see Northeast Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command)
 3d Ferrying Group (see Detroit Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command)
 4th Ferrying Group (see Nashville Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command)
 5th Ferrying Group (see Midwest Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command)
 6th Ferrying Group (see California Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command)
 7th Ferrying Group (see Northwest Sector, Air Corps Ferrying Command)
 20th Ferrying Group, 3 Feb 1943 – 31 March 1944
 Nashville Municipal Airport, Tennessee
 Replaced by 558 AAF Base Unit (20th Ferrying Group), 31 Mar 1944 – 9 Apr 1946
 21st Ferrying Group, 17 Nov 1943 – 31 March 1944
 Palm Springs Army Airfield, California
 Replaced by  560 AAF Base Unit (21st Ferrying Group), 31 Mar 1944 – 20 May 1946
 33d Ferrying Group, 4 Mar 1943 – 31 Mar 1944
 Fairfax Field, Kansas
 Replaced by 569 AAF Base Unit (33d Ferrying Group), 31 Mar 1944 – 15 Apr 1945

Twenty-Second Air Force
Divisions
 323d Air Division, 1 Jul 1958 – 8 May 1960
 834th Air (later Airlift) Division, 1 – 31 Dec 1974, 1 Oct 1978 – 1 Apr 1992

Wings

 60th Military Airlift (later, 60 Airlift) Wing, 8 Jan 1966 – 15 Feb 1979; 21 Jul 1980 – 1 Jul 1993
 61st Military Airlift (later, 61 Military Airlift Support) Wing, 8 Jan 1966 – 1 Oct 1978
 62d Troop Carrier, Heavy (later 62 Air Transport Wing, Heavy; 62 Military Airlift Wing; 62 Airlift Wing) Wing, 1 Jul 1957 – 1 Jul 1993
 63d Troop Carrier, Heavy (later 63 Military Airlift Wing, 63 Airlift Wing) Wing, 1 Jul 1957 – 1 Jul 1993
 94th Airlift Wing, 1 Jul 1993 – 1 Oct 1994; 1 Apr 1997 – present
 97th Air Mobility Wing, 1 Oct 1992 – 1 Jul 1993
 302d Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – present
 314th Tactical Airlift (later 314 Airlift) Wing, 31 Dec 1974 – 1 Jul 1993
 315th Airlift Wing (Associate) (later 315 Airlift Wing), 1 Jul 1993 – 2011
 375th Military Airlift (later 375 Airlift) Wing, 1 Feb 1990 – 1 Jul 1993
 403d Airlift Wing (later 403 Wing), 1 Jul 1993 – 1 Oct 1994; 1 Apr 1997 – present
 434th Air Refueling Wing, 1 Oct 1993 – 1 Apr 1997
 439th Airlift Wing, 1 Jul 1993 – 2011
 440th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – 18 Sep 2016
 443d Military Airlift Wing, Training (later 443 Airlift Wing), 1 Apr 1973 – 1 Oct 1992
 445th Airlift Wing, 1 Oct 1994 – 1 Apr 1997
 459th Airlift Wing, 1 Jul 1993 – 1 Apr 2003
 463d Tactical Airlift (later 463 Airlift) Wing, 31 Dec 1974 – 1 Jul 1993

 512th Airlift Wing (Associate) (later 512 Airlift Wing), 1 Jul 1993 – 2011
 514th Airlift Wing (Associate) (later 514 Air Mobility Wing), 1 Jul 1993 – 2011
 908th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – present
 910th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – present
 911th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – present
 913th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – 1 Oct 2007
 914th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – present
 916th Air Refueling Wing, 1 Oct 1994 – 1 Apr 1997
 927th Air Refueling Wing, 1 Oct 1994 – 1 Apr 1997
 934th Airlift Wing, 1 Apr 1997 – present
 1550th Combat Crew Training (later 542 Crew Training) Wing, 21 May 1990 – 1 Jul 1993
 1501st Air Transport Wing (later 1501 Air Transport Wing, Heavy), 25 Jun – 1 Jul 1958; 8 May 1960 – 8 Jan 1966.
 1502d Air Transport Wing, Heavy, 24 Jun 1958 – 8 Jan 1966
 1503d Air Transport Wing, Heavy, 24 Jun 1958 – 22 Jan 1966
 1608th Air Transport Wing, Medium, 1 Jul 1957 – 1 May 1958
 1701st Air Transport Wing, 1 Oct 1948 – 1 May 1953
 1705th Air Transport Wing (later 1705 Air Transport Group), 24 Aug 1950 – 1 Oct 1951
 1707th Air Transport Wing (Training) (later, 1707 Air Transport Wing, Heavy [Training]), 1 May 1954 – 1 Nov 1958
 Navy Air Transport Wing (later Navy Air Transport Wing, Pacific), 1 Jul 1957 – 30 Jun 1967

Groups

 1501st Air Transport Group (later 1704 Air Transport Group), 1 Jan 1950 – 1 Jul 1952
 1601st Air Transport Group (later 1703 Air Transport Group, 1703 Air Transport Group, Heavy), 20 Oct 1949 – 18 Jun 1957
 1700th Air Transport Group (later 1700 Air Transport Group, Medium), 1 Oct 1948 – 18 Dec 1957
 1701st Air Transport Group, 1 May–Jun 1953
 1702d Air Transport Group, 1 Oct 1948 – 17 Jul 1950
 1705th Air Transport Group (later Air Transport Group, Heavy), 24 Jan 1953 – 1 Jul 1957, 24 Jun 1958 – 18 Jun 1960.

 1st Aeromedical Transport Group Light, 8 Nov 1956 – 6 Jun 1964
 1706th Air Transport Group (Air Evac) (later 1706 Air Transport Group, Medium [Air Evac]; 1706 Air Transport Group, Light [Air Evac]), 1 Feb 1953 – 8 Nov 1956.
 1708th Ferrying Group (later 1708 Wing), 16 Jul 1951 – 1 Mar 1958.
 413th Flight Test Group, 1 Oct 2003 – present
 622d Flight Test Group, 24 Sep 2001 – 1 Oct 2003
 616th Military Airlift Group, 1 Nov 1975 – 9 Aug 1990, 1 Apr 1992 – 1 Jun 1992

Squadrons
 16th Air Transport (later 1254 Air Transport) Squadron, 1 Sep 1948 – 12 Mar 1951
 1726th Air Transport Squadron (Special), 1 Oct 1948 – 23 Apr 1949
 1737th Ferrying Squadron, 24 Sep 1950 – 16 Jul 1951
 Air Transport Squadron (VR-3), USN, 1 Oct 1948-c. Dec 1948, 1 Dec 1949 – 1 Jul 1957.

Stations
 Bolling Airfield, Washington D.C., 28 December 1941
 Lunken Airport, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1 February 1943
 Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, 1 July 1948
 Travis Air Force Base, California, 25 June 1958
 Dobbins ARB, Georgia, 1 July 1993

List of commanders

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

 Air Force 22
22

Twenty-Second Air Force


Audrey Azoulay (født 4. august 1972 i La Celle-Saint-Cloud) er en fransk politiker i Socialistpartiet. Den 16. februar 2016 blev hun Frankrigs kulturminister i Regeringen Valls II. Hun efterfulgte Fleur Pellerin på posten.

Audrey Azoulay har marokkansk baggrund, og hendes far André Azoulay er rådgiver for kong Mohammed VI af Marokko. Hun har studeret økonomi ved Université Paris-Dauphine og har en Master of Business Administration-eksamen fra Lancaster University i Storbritannien.

Azoulay har aldrig været folkevalgt politiker. Hun har tidligere arbejdet som rådgiver i kulturspørgsmål i præsident Hollandes personlige stab. Inden da var hun chef for det franske filminstitut, CNC og udnævnelsen af hende som kulturminister sås som et tegn på, at kulturdepartementet ville rette mere fokus på fransk film.

Fredag den 13. oktober 2017 blev hun udnævnt til ny generaldirektør for UNESCO.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Audrey Azoulay's website as Candidate for Director-General for UNESCOAudrey Azoulay's website as Candidate for Director-General for UNESCO

Personer fra Paris
Kulturministre fra Frankrig

Audrey Azoulay


90 (تسعون) هو عدد طبيعي يلي العدد 89 ويسبق العدد 91.

مراجع

أعداد صحيحة

90 (عدد)


Schweisshunden er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1999 instrueret af Ole Knudsen efter eget manuskript.

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1999

Schweisshunden


Ferdinando "Nando" Minoia (Milano, Kraljevina Italija, 2. lipnja 1884. - Milano, Kraljevina Italija, 28. lipnja 1940.) je bio talijanski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Ferdinando Minoia - Driver Database
Ferdinando Minoia - Racing Sports Cars

Talijanski automobilisti
Životopisi, Milano

Ferdinando Minoia


Folgend die Ergebnisse und Platzierungen bei den Commonwealth Games 1990 im Herreneinzel im Badminton.

Ergebnisse

Endstand

Weblinks
 Medaillengewinner der Commonwealth Games
 thecgf.com

1990
Badminton
Badminton 1990
Badmintonwettbewerb in Auckland

Commonwealth Games 1990/Badminton (Herreneinzel)


Prinsesse Marie Louise (født som prinsesse Marie Louise af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Augustenborg); Franziska Josepha Louise Augusta Marie Christina Helena; 12. august 1872 – 8. december 1956) var en augustenborgsk prinsesse, der var medlem af den britiske kongefamilie. Hun var datter af prins Christian af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Augustenborg og prinsesse Helena af Storbritannien, der selv var datter af Dronning Victoria af Storbritannien. Fra 1891 til 1900 var hun gift med Prins Aribert af Anhalt.

Kongelige fra Storbritannien
Personer fra Windsor
Huset Augustenborg
Huset Oldenburg


L'abbaye de Pershore est une ancienne abbaye bénédictine située à Pershore, dans le Worcestershire, en Angleterre. Il n'en subsiste que l'abbatiale, devenue l'église paroissiale anglicane de Pershore.

Histoire

L'abbaye de Pershore est fondée à l'époque anglo-saxonne, au , et reçoit des dons de plusieurs rois de Mercie. Après une période de déclin, elle est refondée à l'époque de la réforme bénédictine anglaise à l'initiative de l'évêque Oswald de Worcester. Elle est enrichie par le comte Odda de Deerhurst, qui s'y fait enterrer à sa mort en 1056.

La communauté monastique de Pershore disparaît en 1539, dans le cadre de la dissolution des monastères ordonnée par le roi . La plupart des bâtiments de l'abbaye sont détruits au fil des siècles, mais l'église abbatiale subsiste et devient l'église paroissiale de la ville de Pershore. Ce bâtiment, restauré au  par l'architecte George Gilbert Scott, constitue un monument classé de Grade I depuis 1965.

Références

Liens externes

Histoire du Worcestershire
Pershore
Abbaye fondée au VIIe siècle
Disparition en 1539
Église anglicane en Angleterre
Monument classé de Grade I dans le Worcestershire

Abbaye de Pershore


Svemirska postaja Tiangong (kineski za Palača na nebu) svemirska je postaja koju je Kina izgradila u niskoj Zemljinoj orbiti između 340 i 450 km iznad Zemljine površine. To je prva dugoročna kineska svemirska postaja i cilj Trećeg koraka Kineskog svemirskog programa s ljudskom posadom. Kada bude dovršen, Tiangong će imati masu između 80 i 100 tona, što je otprilike jedna petina mase Međunarodne svemirske postaje, i veličinu sličnu rashodovanoj ruskoj svemirskoj postaji Mir.

Konstrukcija postaje temelji se na iskustvu stečenom od njezinih prethodnika, Tiangong-1 i Tiangong-2. Prvi modul, temeljni modul Tianhe (kineski za Harmonija raja), lansiran je 29. travnja 2021. godine, nakon čega će uslijediti više misija s posadom i bez posade te još dva modula koja će biti lansirana 2022.  Kineski čelnici izrazili su nadu da će istraživanje provedeno na postaji poboljšati sposobnost istraživača za provođenje znanstvenih eksperimenata u svemiru, izvan trajanja i kapaciteta koje nude postojeći kineski svemirski laboratoriji.

Svrha i misija
Prema CMSA-i koja upravlja svemirskom postajom, svrha i misija Tiangonga navedena je kao: daljnji razvoj tehnologije spajanja svemirskih letjelica ; proboj u ključnim tehnologijama kao što su stalne ljudske operacije u orbiti; dugoročni autonomni svemirski letovi svemirske postaje, regenerativna tehnologija za održavanje života i autonomna tehnologija opskrbe teretom i gorivom; ispitivanje sljedeće generacije orbitalnih transportnih vozila; znanstvene i praktične primjene u velikim razmjerima u orbiti kao razvoj tehnologije koja može pomoći budućem istraživanju dubokog svemira.

Operacije će se kontrolirati iz Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center u Kini. Kako bi se zajamčila sigurnost astronauta na brodu, raketa Long March 2F sa svemirskom letjelicom Shenzhou uvijek će biti u pripravnosti za hitnu misiju spašavanja.

Struktura
Svemirska postaja bit će treća generacija modularne svemirske postaje. Svemirske postaje prve generacije, kao što su rani Salyut, Almaz i Skylab, bile su jednodijelne postaje i nisu dizajnirane za opskrbu. Druga generacija stanica Salyut 6 i 7, te Tiangong 1 i 2, dizajnirane su za opskrbu sredinom misije. Stanice treće generacije, kao što su Mir i Međunarodna svemirska postaja, modularne su svemirske postaje, sastavljene u orbiti od dijelova koji su lansirani zasebno. Metode modularnog dizajna mogu uvelike poboljšati pouzdanost, smanjiti troškove, skratiti razvojni ciklus i ispuniti različite zahtjeve zadataka.

Moduli

Početna ciljna konfiguracija za kraj 2022. sastoji se od tri modula, koji se u budućnosti mogu proširiti na šest. Tianhe Core Cabin Module (CCM) osigurava život i životni prostor za tri člana posade, te osigurava navođenje, navigaciju i kontrolu orijentacije za stanicu. Modul također osigurava napajanje stanice, pogon i sustave za održavanje života. Modul se sastoji od tri dijela: stambeni dio, servisni dio i čvorište za pristajanje. Stambeni prostor sadržavat će kuhinju i toalet, opremu za kontrolu požara, opremu za obradu i kontrolu atmosfere, računala, znanstvene aparate, komunikacijsku opremu za slanje i primanje komunikacija putem zemaljske kontrole u Pekingu i drugu opremu.

ISS-ova SSRMS robotska ruka u kanadskom stilu, nazvana "Chinarm" presavijena je ispod Tianhe jezgrenog modula. Dodatno, eksperimentalni moduli Wentian i Mengtian (opisani u nastavku) nosit će slične manje, 5 m duge pospremljene SSRMS robotske ruke koje su preciznije u pozicioniranju od Tianhe Arm. U 2018. puni model CCM-a javno je predstavljen na Kineskoj međunarodnoj zračnoj i svemirskoj izložbi u Zhuhaiju. Video iz CNSA-e otkrio je da su dva od ovih osnovnih modula izgrađena. Računalni prikazi konstrukcije također su pokazivali dva glavna modula spojena zajedno.

Prvi od dva laboratorijska kabinska modula, Wentian i Mengtian, osigurat će dodatnu navigacijsku avioniku, propulziju i kontrolu orijentacije kao pomoćne funkcije za CCM. Oba LCM-a osigurat će okruženje pod tlakom za istraživače za provođenje znanstvenih eksperimenata u slobodnom padu ili mikrogravitaciji koji se na Zemlji ne bi mogli provoditi dulje od nekoliko minuta. Eksperimenti se također mogu postaviti s vanjske strane modula za izlaganje svemirskom okruženju, kozmičkim zrakama, vakuumu i solarnim vjetrovima.

Poput Mira i ruskog orbitalnog segmenta ISS-a, moduli stanice Tiangong bit će potpuno sastavljeni u orbiti, za razliku od američkog orbitalnog segmenta ISS-a, koji je zahtijevao hodanje u svemiru za ručno međusobno povezivanje kabela, cijevi i strukturnih elemenata. Aksijalni priključak LCM-ova bit će opremljen opremom za spajanje i prvo će pristati na aksijalni priključak CCM-a. Mehanička ruka, koja izgleda kao Lyappa ruka korištena na svemirskoj stanici Mir, tada će premjestiti modul na radijalni priključak CCM-a. Razlikuje se od Lyappe jer radi na drugačijem mehanizmu.

Ostali povezani moduli

Sustavi

Napajanje
Električnu energiju osiguravaju dvije upravljive solarne elektrane na svakom modulu, koje koriste fotonaponske ćelije galij-arsenida za pretvaranje sunčeve svjetlosti u električnu energiju. Energija se pohranjuje za napajanje stanice kada ona uđe u Zemljinu sjenu. Svemirska letjelica za opskrbu napunit će gorivo za pogonske motore stanice za održavanje stanice u orbiti, kako bi se suprotstavili učincima atmosferskog otpora. Solarni paneli dizajnirani su da traju do 15 godina.

Pogon
Svemirska postaja Tiangong opremljena je konvencionalnim kemijskim pogonom i ionskim potisnicima za podešavanje i održavanje orbite stanice. Četiri Hallova potisnika postavljena su na trup jezgrenog modula. Razvoj potisnika s Hallovim efektom smatra se osjetljivom temom u Kini, a znanstvenici "rade na poboljšanju tehnologije bez privlačenja pažnje". Potisnici s Hallovim efektom stvoreni su imajući na umu sigurnost misije s ljudskom posadom s nastojanjem da se spriječi erozija i šteta uzrokovana ubrzanim ionskim česticama.

Magnetsko polje i posebno dizajnirani keramički štit stvoreni su za odbijanje štetnih čestica i održavanje integriteta potisnika. Prema izvješću Kineske akademije znanosti, ionski pogon korišten na Tiangongu neprekidno je gorio 8240 sati bez kvara tijekom faze testiranja, što ukazuje na njihovu prikladnost za Tiangongov određeni 15-godišnji životni vijek. Ovo su prvi Hallovi potisnici na svijetu koji će se koristiti u misiji s ljudskom posadom.

Život na stanici
Aktivnosti posade

Astronauti na postaji Tiangong slijede kinesko standardno vrijeme (CST) za svoj dnevni raspored. Posada se često budi oko 7:00 i započinje svoju dnevnu konferenciju s kontrolom misije u Pekingu prije nego što započne s radom u 08:00. Posada tada slijedi planirani raspored, radi do 21:00 sat, nakon čega svoj radni proces prijavljuje Kontroli misije. U 13:30 astronauti ulaze u svoje stambene prostorije kako bi odrijemali, što obično traje sat vremena. Posada također ima više pauza za jelo i odmor. Stanica Tiangong ima funkciju osvjetljenja za simulaciju uvjeta osvjetljenja na Zemlji, uključujući dnevnu svjetlost, sumrak i noć. Budući da postaja doživi 16 izlazaka i zalazaka sunca dnevno u niskoj Zemljinoj orbiti, ova funkcija pomaže u izbjegavanju poremećaja u cirkadijalnom ritmu posade.

Izvori

Svemirske postaje
Astronautika u Kini

Svemirska postaja Tiangong


هادي شريف خشبة لاعب كرة قدم مصري شهير لعب للنادي الأهلي المصري ولمنتخب مصر لكرة القدم. من مواليد أسيوط في 19 ديسمبر 1972، وبدأ حياته الكروية في نادي أسيوط مسقط رأسه، لكن بدايته الحقيقية كانت انضمامه لمنتخب الناشئين تحت 16 عاما تحت قيادة سيد الطباخ عام 1988.

بعد تألٌقه مع منتخب الناشئين تعاقد معه النادي الأهلي، ولم يستمر كثيرا بين صفوف الناشئين والشباب، إذ لعب مباراته الأولى مع الفريق الأول في ديسمبر 1989 أمام فريق السويس في دورة تنشيطية أقامها اتحاد كرة القدم آنذاك بسبب توقف النشاط الكروي لمشاركة منتخب مصر في كأس العالم1990.

و جاءت مشاركته الرسمية الأولى في الدوري الممتاز في موسم 1990-1991 أمام نادي الأوليمبي، في لقاء فاز به الأهلي بهدفين نظيفين، وفي نفس الموسم حصل خشبة على لقب أفضل لاعب صاعد في مصر.

حصل على لقب أفضل لاعب في مصر موسم 1995-1996

و على الصعيد الدولي، كان عضوا دائما في المنتخبات المختلفة حتى وصل إلى المنتخب الأول، وفاز مع منتخب الشباب عام 1991 بلقب كأس الأمم الأفريقية، وشارك مع المنتخب الأوليمبي في دورة الألعاب الأوليمبية في برشلونة عام 1992، وأحرز هدفين في مرمى كولومبيا.

و قد تخطى عدد مبارياته الدولية الرقم 90

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مصريون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من محافظة أسيوط
إخوان مسلمون مصريون
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (مصر)
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1996
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1998
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2000
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2004
لاعبو كأس القارات 1999
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون مصريون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1992
لاعبو كرة قدم مصريون
لاعبو منتخب مصر لكرة القدم
مواليد 1392 هـ
مواليد 1972
مواليد في أسيوط

هادي خشبة


Astrometis sertulifera, unique représentant du genre Astrometis, est une espèce d'étoiles de mer de la famille des Asteriidae.

Description
Son nom commun américain () vient de la coloration souvent brillante de l'espèce. Les épines sur la face supérieure peuvent être violettes, orange ou bleues avec des pointes rouges, et les pieds tubulaires ont souvent plusieurs couleurs également. L'espèce atteint , et on la trouve presque toujours avec cinq bras symétriques.

Habitat et répartition
Cette espèce se retrouve sur les côtes Pacifique des États-Unis et du Mexique, en Californie, Basse-Californie et dans le Golfe du Mexique.

Références taxinomiques

 Genre Astrometis :

 Espèce Astrometis sertulifera :

Notes et références

Échinoderme (nom scientifique)
Asteroidea

Astrometis sertulifera


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 2021 en Israël  :

Évènement

 Poursuite du
 2020-2021
  : Frappes de missiles en Syrie
 à partir du  : Marée noire en Israël
 mars : Dissolution de la faction parlementaire .
  : Élections législatives
  : Bousculade du mont Méron
 avril-mai : Crise israélo-palestinienne, à l'occasion du mois de Ramadan (bilan : ~  - Plus de  déplacés).
  : Élection présidentielle
  : Mise en place du gouvernement Bennett, à la suite des élections législatives.
 15- :
  : Fusillade à Jérusalem
 16- :

Sport
 Saison 2021 de l'équipe cycliste Israel Start-Up Nation
 Championnat d'Israël de football 2020-2021
 Championnat d'Israël de football 2021-2022
 Trophée des champions 2021 (football)
 Participation d'Israël aux Jeux olympiques d'été de Tokyo.
 Création du club de rugby à XV Tel Aviv Heat.
 Dissolution du club de football .

Arts et culture
 Participation d'Israël au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
  : Organisation du concours de beauté Miss Univers à Eilat.

Sortie de film
 Le Genou d'Ahed
 Où est Anne Frank !

Décès
 , personnalité politique.
 , rabbin.
 Dani Shmulevich-Rom, footballeur.
 Meshoulam David Soloveitchik, rabbin.
 Abraham J. Twerski, psychiatre et rabbin.

Notes et références

2021 en Israël


Sargentodoxa, monotipski rod penjačica iz porodice Lardizabalaceae. Jedina je vrsta Sargentodoxa cuneata iz Kine i Indokine. To je snažan, listopadni penjački grm drvenaste stabljike dužine do 7,5 metara, koji se omata oko drugih biljaka.

Biljka se skuplja u divljini za lokalnu upotrebu kao lijek i insekticid. Stabljika ima mnoga ljekovita svojstva, djeluje kao anthelmintik, antibakterijski, antireumatski, karminativno, kao diuretik i tonik. Dekokt ili tinktura koristi se u liječenju amenoreje, metroragije, anemije, traumatskih ozljeda, reumatoidnog artritisa i filarijeze.

Izvori

Lardizabalevke

Sargentodoxa


La tour Choukhov (en ) est une tour de radio et télé-diffusion située à Konotop, en Ukraine.

Historique
Elle est édifiée en 1929.

Galerie d'images

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Oblast de Soumy
Choukhov
Structure hyperboloïde
Patrimoine classé d'Ukraine
Architecture constructiviste

Tour Choukhov de Konotop


Tunceli, Türkiye'nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin Yukarı Fırat Bölümü'nde yer alan bir il.

Kuzeyde ve batıda Munzur Dağları ile Karasu Nehri, doğuda Bingöl Dağları ve Peri Suyu, güneyde Keban Baraj Gölü ile çevrilidir. Anadolu'nun pek çok yerinde olduğu gibi bu bölgede de çağlar boyunca pek çok uygarlık yaşamıştır.
Tunceli'nin yerleşimleri: Tunceli (merkez), Çemişgezek, Hozat, Mazgirt, Nazımiye, Ovacık, Pertek ve Pülümür'dür. Şubat 2021 TÜİK verilerine göre 8 ilçe, 9 belediye, bu belediyelerde 43 mahalle, ayrıca 364 köy bulunmaktadır.

Tarihçe
Tunceli'de yapılan arkeolojik araştırmalar sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre yöreye Kalkolitik Çağda (MÖ 5500-3500) yerleşilmiştir. İşuva (Hurri-Mitanni) adıyla anılan bölgede yazılı tarih MÖ 2200'lerde Subarrularla başlamaktadır. MÖ 2200'lerde bölge, Hurrilerin eline geçmiştir. İşuva adı ilk kez III. Abbas döneminde, Hitit kaynaklarında geçmektedir. Anadolu'da büyük bir devlet kuran Hititler MÖ 1375-1335 yıllarında Tunceli'ye kadar gelmişlerdir. Hitit Devleti yıkıldıktan sonra bölgeye, MÖ 12. yüzyılda Urartular egemen olmuştur. Muşki adıyla tanımlanan kavmin yerleşim alanı olan yöre, MÖ 7. yüzyılda sırasıyla Medlerin ve Perslerin egemenliği altında kalmış ve daha sonra bölge, Büyük İskender tarafından fethedilerek Makedonyalıların egemenliği altına girmiştir. Makedonya Devleti yıkıldıktan sonra ise MÖ 17 yılında Romalıların egemenliğine giren yörede kısa bir süre Partlar etkinlik sağlamışlarsa da MS 2. yüzyılda Romalılar, Partlar'ın etkinliğini kırarak bölgeyi Kappadokia Eyaleti'ne bağlamışlardır. Roma ve Selevkoslar tarafından yönetilen, Roma İmparatorluğunun ikiye ayrılmasından sonra ise Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu sınırları içerisinde kalan yöre, MS 7. yüzyılda da "Roma Mezopotamyası" adıyla Tehema'da yer almıştır. Yöre zaman zaman el değiştirerek Bizanslılar ve Sasaniler tarafından yönetilmiştir. MS 639'da İslam Halifesi Ömer döneminde Anadolu'ya yapılan akınlar sonucunda yöre Arapların eline geçmiş, ancak Araplar ve Bizanslılar arasında uzun süre devam eden mücadeleler sonucunda yöre, MS 972 yılında tekrar Bizanslıların hakimiyeti altına girmiştir. 1071 yılındaki Malazgirt Savaşı'ndan sonra Anadolu'da Türklerin egemenliğinin hızla yayıldığı dönemde bölge 1087 yılında kesin olarak Türklerin egemenliği altına girmiştir. 1228 yılında Anadolu'ya tamamen hakim olan Anadolu Selçukluları 1243 yılında yapılan Kösedağ Savaşı'na kadar yöreyi hakimiyetleri altında bulundurmuşlardır. Kösedağ Savaşı'nda Selçuklular yenilince bölge Moğolların denetimi altına girmiştir. Daha sonraları bu yöre önce Mengüceklilerin, sonra da uzun süre Akkoyunlular'ın egemenliği altında kalmıştır. Fatih Sultan Mehmet dönemine kadar Akkoyunluların yönetimi altında bulunan Tunceli, 1473 yılında yapılan Otlukbeli Savaşı'ndan sonra Osmanlı yönetimi altına girmiştir. Kısa bir süre Safeviler'in yönetimi altına giren yöre, 1514 yılında yapılan Çaldıran Muharebesi'nden sonra tekrar Osmanlı yönetimi altına girmiştir.

Yöre, Osmanlı yönetiminde 1847 yılında, Hozat merkez olmak üzere "Dersim Livası" adıyla sancak yapılarak Erzurum'a bağlanmıştır. 1879 yılında da Farsça "Gümüş Kapı" anlamına gelen "Dersim" adıyla ayrı bir il olan Tunceli, 1892 yılında tekrar sancak yapılarak Mamurat-ül Aziz (Elazığ) iline bağlanmıştır. Dersim diye telaffuz edilen aslında bugünkü Tunceli'yi değil, o yörenin adını belirler. Bugünkü Tunceli merkezinin eski isimleri ise "Mamiki" veya "Mameki" (Kırmançça: Mamekiye), "Kalan" (Osmanlıca: قالان, Kırmançça: Qalan) idi.

I. Dünya Savaşı
Dersim I. Dünya Savaşı'nda önemli rol oynadı. Dersim aşiretleri 5 bin kişilik bir kuvvetle Dersimin bir bölgesi olan Erzincan'ın, Ruslardan kurtarılması için savaştı ve Erzincan kurtarıldı.

Cumhuriyet dönemi
İlin eski adı Dersim'dir. Dersim ili 26 Haziran 1926'da TBMM'de alınan kararla ilçeye dönüştürülerek Elazığ'a bağlandı. Dersim adı 25 Aralık 1935 tarihinde çıkarılan 2884 sayılı Tunceli Vilayeti'nin İdaresi Hakkında Kanun ile değiştirildi ve Mamiki köyünde yeni il merkezi oluşturuldu. Kalan kasabasının merkezi de Mamiki köyü idi. Mamiki ile eski bir köy olan Siğenk Tunceli'nin birer mahallesi haline dönüştürüldü. 25 Aralık 1935 tarihinde çıkarılan 2885 sayılı kanun ile tekrar il oldu ve Dersim tarihsel yöresi içinde yer alan ve Munzur çevresini kapsayan bölgenin adı Tunceli olarak değiştirildi. Cumhuriyet döneminde Seyit Rıza önderliğinde Dersim İsyanı'na tanıklık eden Tunceli, 1937-38 yıllarında gerçekleşen Dersim tenkil harekâtı sırasında büyük zarar gördü.

Coğrafya
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin Yukarı Fırat Havzası'nda yer alan Tunceli, 38 derece 19 dakika ve 40 derece 26 dakika Doğu Boylamları ile 39 derece 36 dakika ve 38 derece 46 dakika kuzey enlemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Tümüyle Fırat Havzası içerisinde kalan İl, doğal sınırlarla kuşatılmış yüksek bir bölgedir. Tunceli ili; doğuda Bingöl ve Elazığ, güneyde Elazığ, batı ve kuzeyde Erzincan illeriyle komşudur. Güneyden kuzeye ve batıdan doğuya doğru yükselen il topraklarının %70'ini dağlar, % 25'ini platolar, % 5'ini ise ovalar ve düzlükler oluşturmaktadır. İlin en yüksek noktası, Munzur Dağları'nın doğusunda 3463 metre yükseklikteki Akbaba Tepesi'dir. Munzur Dağlarının yüksek kesimleri, İlin kuzey ve kuzeybatısında doğal sınır oluşturur.

Dağlar
Tunceli il sınırları içerisinde bulunan dağlar Doğu Torosların uzantısı olarak batı-doğu yönünde uzanmaktadır. İlin belli başlı yükseklikleri; Munzur Dağları, ilin kuzeybatısı, kuzeyi ve kuzeydoğusunda çok zor geçit veren sıralar halinde 130 km. boyunca uzanmaktadır. 3000 metrenin üzerinde Munzur Dağlarının Tunceli sınırları içerisinde kalan bölümünde en önemli dorukları batıdan doğuya Biçare Dağı (3111 m.), Ziyaret Tepe (3071 m.) ve Akbaba Tepesidir (3463 m.). İl alanının kuzeydoğu ucunu tamamıyla kaplayan Bağırpaşa Dağı'nın en yüksek noktası 3300 metredir.

Platolar
İl topraklarının % 25'ini kaplayan platolar, Munzur Dağlarının ve Bağırpaşa Dağının doruklar bölgesinde, yüksek sırtlarla çevrilmiş düzlükler şeklindedir. Ayrıca güneydoğu ve doğuda Pülümür Çayı Vadisine inen kesimde, çeşitli yükseklik basamaklarına sıralanmış platolar vardır. Bu platoların en ünlüleri, Mercan Dağları üzerindeki Merk Yaylası ve Munzur Dağlarının orta bölümünde yer alan Kepir Yaylası'dır. Kışları çok soğuk geçen bu platolar yazın otlak alanları olarak kullanılır.

Vadiler
Çoğunlukla güney doğrultusunda uzanan vadiler, henüz gelişmelerini tamamlamamış, dar ve dik yarıklar halindedir. Tektonik çöküntü alanlarında oluşan akarsu vadileri biraz daha geniştir. İlin en önemli vadileri Munzur, Mercan, Pülümür, Peri ve Tahar Çayı Vadisidir.

Ovalar
Tunceli'de ovalar il topraklarının % 5'ini kaplamaktadır. Munzur Dağlarının güneyindeki çukurlukta oluşmuş Zeranik Ovası ile Ovacık ilçesinin Yeşilyazı Bucağında bulunan Yeşilyazı Ovası ilin belli başlı ovalarıdır.

Akarsular
Tunceli, akarsu yönünden çok zengindir. Akarsuları besleyen bu kaynaklar sürekli olduğundan, akarsuların taşıdığı sular bol ve akışları da oldukça düzenlidir. İlin önemli akarsuları, Munzur Suyu, Mercan Deresi, Pülümür Çayı, Peri Suyu, Tahar Çayı, Havaçor Çayı, Karolar Çayı ve Büyükdere'dir.

Göller
Tunceli'de Keban Baraj Gölünün dışında önemli ve büyük göl yoktur. Munzur Dağları ile bu sıranın alt birikimlerini oluşturan Mercan, Avcı, Karasakal Dağları üzerinde ve Bağırpaşa Dağının doruklar bölgesinde buzul yataklarının zamanla suyla dolması sonucunda oluşmuş küçük krater gölleri vardır. Bunlardan bazıları Karagöl, Koçgölü, Mercan Gölleri, Katır Gölleri, Dilincik Gölü, Çimli Gölü, Şer Gölü ve Buyer Baba Gölleridir. Krater gölleri içerisinde en büyüğü, Ovacık-Koyungölü Köyünün kuzeyinde, 2400 metre yükseklikte yer alan Karagöl'dür.

Ulaşım
Tunceli, Doğu Anadolu'nun kuzey ve güneyini birbirine bağlayan Erzincan-Elazığ kara yolu üzerinde yer almaktadır. İl topraklarında kuzey-güney yönünde uzanan ve Erzincan'ı Pülümür, Tunceli ve Pertek üzerinden Elazığ'a bağlayan kara yolu, Tunceli kentinin içinden geçmektedir. Tunceli-Erzincan kara yolu aynı zamanda Güneydoğu Anadolu'yu Doğu ve Karadeniz Bölgelerine bağlayan devlet karayollarından biridir. Tunceli'nin İç Anadolu ve Karadeniz illeri ile ulaşım bağlantısı, kuzeyde sınırdan geçen Erzurum-Erzincan kara yolu ile, güney illeri ile olan ulaşım bağlantısı ise Elazığ'dan geçen Bingöl-Elazığ-Malatya kara yolu ile sağlanır. Eskiden Pertek-Elazığ bağlantısını sağlayan köprü, Keban Baraj Gölü suları altında kaldığı için günümüzde Pertek ve Çemişgezek-Akçapınar'da kurulan feribot iskeleleri ile Elazığ yakasına ulaşım sağlanmaktadır. Tunceli'ye en yakın demiryolu, ilin kuzey sınırında Erzincan topraklarından, güney sınırında ise Elazığ topraklarından geçer. Tunceli'ye en yakın havaalanı, kent merkezine yaklaşık olarak 120 km. uzaklıkta yer alan Elazığ Havaalanı'dır. Ayrıca yaklaşık 135 km uzaklıkta Erzincan Havaalanı bulunmaktadır.

Ekonomi
Tunceli ekonomisi tarım ve hayvancılığa dayalı olup, sanayileşme düzeyi çok düşüktür. Balıkçılık ve arıcılık ilin diğer geçim kaynaklarıdır. Kamu harcamaları il ekonomisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İldeki en önemli gelir kaynağı olan hayvancılık genelde küçükbaş hayvancılık şeklinde olmakta, özellikle koyun ve kıl keçisi beslemektedir. Büyükbaş hayvancılık aile işletmesi şeklinde olmakta, küçükbaş hayvancılık ise yayla hayvancılığı olarak yapılmaktadır. Tunceli Tarım İl Müdürlüğü 2008 yılı verilerine göre Tunceli'de 248.270 koyun, 52.079 kıl keçisi ve 24.884 sığır bulunmaktadır. Koyunculuk belirgin olarak Pertek ve Çemişgezek ilçelerinde yarı yerleşik bulunan Şavak aşiretinden köylüler tarafından yapılmaktadır.

İklim
Tunceli'de karasal iklim görülmektedir. Bu iklim özelliğine bağlı olarak yazlar sıcak ve kurak geçer. Kışlar ise soğuk ve yağışlıdır. İlde yıllık ortalama yağış 939 mm.'dir. En az yağış yaz aylarında, en çok yağış ise sonbahar ve kış aylarında düşmektedir. Yaz aylarında kuzeybatıdan esen kuvvetli rüzgârlarla iklim kurak geçmektedir. Kış aylarında ise rüzgâr genellikle güneybatıdan hafif esmektedir. Tunceli'de yıllık ortalama sıcaklık (1950-2014 ortalamalarına göre) 12,8 °C'dir. Ocak ayı ortalama sıcaklığı -2,5 °C, Temmuz ayı sıcaklık ortalaması 27,2 °C'dir.

Yönetim

İllerde protokolde ilk sırada yer alan Vali, merkezi yönetimi temsil eder ve Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından atanır. Büyükşehir dışındaki illerde yerel yönetim, şehirler düzeyindedir. Belediye Başkanı, belediye sınırları içinde kalan seçmenin oy çokluğu ile seçilir. Ayni seçmen İlçe Belediye Meclisi için de oy kullanarak ilçelerin belediye meclislerini oluşturur. İldeki bütün seçmenler ayrıca il genel meclisi için de oy kullanarak, İl Genel Meclisinin oluşumunu sağlarlar.

İl genel meclisi ve belediye meclisi üyelikleri için yapılan seçimlerde, onda birlik baraj uygulamalı nispi temsil sistemi, belediye başkanlığı seçiminde ise çoğunluk sistemi uygulanır. İl genel meclisi ve belediye meclisi üye sayıları ilçe nüfusuna göre, kontenjandan kalan sayıların partilere dağılımı ise D'Hondt Sistemine göre belirlenir (Kanun:2972-Madde:23)

İl Genel Meclisi, İl Özel İdaresinin karar organıdır, başkanını üyeleri arasından gizli oyla seçer. Ayrıca, İl Genel Meclisi kendi içinden gizli oyla bir yıl görev yapacak 5 kişilik İl Encümenini seçer.

Merkezi yönetim, Vali ve İl Müdürlerinden oluşur. İl Özel İdaresi (İl Genel Meclisi ve İl Encümeni) seçilmişlerden oluşur, ancak Vali başkanlığında görev yapar. Yerel yönetim ise belediye başkanları ve belediye meclislerinden oluşur.

Tunceli Valisi, 1976 Ankara doğumlu Bülent TEKBIYIOĞLU'dur. Ağustos 2023 tarihinde Kırıkkale Valisi iken atanmıştır.

Tunceli Belediye Başkanı, 1968-Ovacık doğumlu Fatih Mehmet Maçoğlu (TKP), 31 Mart 2019 seçimlerinde %32,77 oy oranıyla seçilmiştir.

Mazgirt Akpazar Beldesinin HDP'li belediye başkanı seçildikten sonra İçişleri Bakanlığı tarafından görevden alınmış, yerine ilçe kaymakamı kayyum atanmıştır.

2019 Türkiye yerel seçimleri sonuçlarına göre Tunceli İl Genel Meclisi üye sayısı, 5 TKP, 6 CHP 2 HDP ve birer üye AK Parti ile MHP olmak üzere 15'dir. Tunceli Belediye Meclisi ise 4 TKP, 3 CHP, 1AK P. ve 7 HDP olmak üzere 15 üyeden oluşur.

2018 Genel seçimleri sonucu, Tunceli'yi temsilen TBMM'de CHP'den 1 milletvekili (Polat Şaroğlu) ve HDP'den 1 milletvekili (Alican Önlü) seçilmiştir.

Nüfus

Tunceli Türkiye'nin en az nüfusa sahip ilidir.

Güncel Nüfus Değerleri (TÜİK 6 Şubat 2023 verileri )

Tunceli ili nüfusu: 84.366'dür. Bu nüfusun % 69,02'si şehirlerde yaşamaktadır (2022 sonu). İlin yüzölçümü 7.582  km2'dir. İlde  km2'ye 11 kişi düşmektedir. (Bu sayı merkezde 36'dır.) İlde yıllık nüfus artış oranı % 0,86 olmuştur. Nüfus artış oranı en yüksek ve en düşük ilçeler: Pülümür (% 6,37)- Hozat (-% 6,09)

06 Şubat 2023 TÜİK verilerine göre merkez ilçeyle beraber 8 İlçe, 9 belediye, bu belediyelerde 43 mahalle ve ayrıca 363 köy vardır.

İlin yıllara göre nüfusları

Siyaset
Tunceli belediye unvanını 1945 yılında almıştır. Tunceli Milletvekili sayısı 2'dir.

Tunceli Belediyesi, Osmanlı döneminde Özerk bir yönetime sahip olan Dersim'de belediyeye ait bugünkü görevleri Adev-i Dersimi adındaki Hizmet Birlikleri yapmaktaydı. Tam anlamı ile Belediye olmasa bile Belediye'nin görevlerinin birçoğu bu birliğe aitti. Cumhuriyet döneminin ilk yıllarında Dersim'de Belediye görevlendirilmemiş, Elazığ'a bağlı olan Vilayetler Genel Sekreterliği Dersim'de Belediye görevlerini yürütmüştür. 1937/38 yıllarında yaşanan Dersim İsyanı sırasında nüfusun bir kısmının hayatını kaybetmesi ve sürgün edilmesinin ardından şehir Elazığ'a bağlanmıştır. 1945 yılında çıkarılan kanun ile Tunceli bölgesi Elazığ'dan ayrılarak bir şehir statüsü kazandırılmıştır. T.B.M.M. 2018 Genel Seçimleri sonucunda 27. Dönemde HDP'li Alican Önlü ile CHP'li Polat Şaroğlu temsil etmektedir.

Konum

Kültür ve sanat
Yunan tarihi ve coğrafyacılarının Dersim bölgesine Daranis ve Derksene adını verdikleri söylenir. Adının Pers imparatoru Darius'tan geldiği de söylenir. Bölgede konuşulan diller Zazaca, Kurmanci ve Türkçe'dir.

Eğitim
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu'nun Ocak 2016'da açıkladığı İllerde Yaşam Endeksi'nde eğitimde ilk sırada Tunceli yer aldı.

 Munzur Üniversitesi
 Tunceli Türk Telekom Fen Lisesi
 Tunceli Dersim Anadolu Lisesi
 Tunceli Anadolu Lisesi
 Tunceli Atatürk Anadolu Lisesi
 Tunceli Anadolu Teknik Lisesi
 Tunceli Namık Kemal Endüstri Meslek Lisesi
 Tunceli İsmet İnönü Ticaret Meslek Lisesi
 Tunceli İsmet İnönü Anadolu Meslek Lisesi
 Tunceli Anadolu Sağlık Meslek Lisesi
 Tunceli Halide Edip Kız Meslek Lisesi
 Tunceli İbni Sina Sağlık Meslek Lisesi
 Tunceli Güzel Sanatlar Lisesi
Tunceli Spor Lisesi

Spor

1990 yılına kadar Tuncelispor adını taşıyan bir futbol takımı vardı. Bu takım, 2008-2009 sezonunda Dersimspor olarak geri döndü ve 2014-15 Bölgesel Amatör Lig 3. grupta şampiyon olarak 3. Lige yükseldi. 2016-17 Sezonu sonunda tekrar BAL'a düştü.

2018-2019 Sezonu sonunda, Tunceli'nin futbol BAL'daki takımı Dersim 62 Spor grubunda 9. olmuştur. Ayrıca Pertek Belediyespor kadın takımı hentbol 2. liginde, grubunda 6. olmuştur.

Futbol Türkiye Kupası'nda Dersim 62 Spor 3 takımı eledikten sonra 4. turda Adana Demirspor'a elenmiştir.

Önemli spor tesisleri: Tunceli Atatürk Stadyumu (1.600), Tunceli Merkez Spor Salonu (1.500), Tunceli Olimpik Yüzme Havuzu (500)

Görüntüler

Ayrıca bakınız

Tarih
 Dersim aşiretleri
 Dersim ayaklanmaları
 Dersim İsyanı
 Pertek Kalesi

Coğrafya
 Munzur Vadisi Millî Parkı
 Munzur Vadisi
 Munzur Dağları
 Uzunçayır Barajı ve Hidroelektrik Santrali
 Mercan Irmağı

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Tunceli İl kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü

Tunceli (il)


Primo Tours er et dansk rejsebureau, der blev etableret i Ringkøbing i 2009. Selskabets hovedprodukt er charterrejser til klassiske feriesteder i Sydeuropa.

Historie
I oktober 2009 grundlagde Bjarke Hansen og Henrik Søndergaard virksomheden, efter de tilsammen havde arbejdet 37 år i rejsebranchen. De åbnede det første kontor 26. december 2009 i Ringkøbing. Den 3. maj 2010 sendte Primo Tours deres første chartergæster afsted på ferie, da 142 passagerer ombord på et Jet Time-fly lettede fra Billund Lufthavn med kurs mod Antalya Lufthavn i Tyrkiet, og videre med bus til Alanya. I det første år var cirka 9.000 personer ude og rejse med selskabet, og sæsonen efter var tallet steget til 13.000. I Primo Tours tredje sæson blev der udbudt 20.000 rejser, og man regnede med at komme ud med et samlet overskud for første gang siden etableringen.

I løbet af 2013 havde Primo flere gange benyttet fly fra Danish Air Transport (DAT), og i november 2013 indgik de to selskaber en aftale gældende fra 1. januar 2014 til udgangen af 2016, der betød at DAT skulle udfører alle Primo Tours flyvninger. Primo solgte kun rejser fra Billund Lufthavn.

Primo Tours købte i september 2014 konkurrenten Århus Charter, der forsatte under egen branding.

I januar 2015 sendte Primo Tours for første gang fly ud af Europa, da de startede op med rejser fra Billund til Villa Airport Maamigili i Maldiverne, hvor de 12 timer lange flyvninger blev foretaget med Jet Times Boeing 737-700, med en mellemlanding i Dubai. Flyvningerne blev i 2016 overtaget af DAT, der benyttede ældre mellemdistance Airbus A320-fly på ruten, med to mellemlandinger og en samlet flyvetid på 14.5 timer.

Trivia
I december 2015 blev det offentliggjort at Primo Tours fra starten af 2016, havde indgået et to-årigt navnesponsoratet af Damehåndboldligaen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Primo Tours officielle webside

Rejsebureauer i Danmark
Etableret i 2009
Ringkøbing

Primo Tours


Georges Baussonet , né en 1577 à Reims et mort en 1644 à  Reims, est connu comme un architecte, dessinateur, graveur et poète.

Biographie
Georges Beaussonnet est né en 1577 à Reims.
Doué pour le dessin, il est chargé par les Magistrats de la ville de Reims de la décoration des entrées de la ville lors de la visite des rois et reines de passage à Reims comme cela était la coutume à l'époque. Il a participé notamment aux décorations de l'arrivée de la reine Anne d'Autriche en 1620.
Il est mort, célibataire, en 1644 à  Reims. Il légua tous ses biens aux hospices de Reims et à la paroisse de Champigny.

Œuvres

Dessins et peintures
Vue axonométrique de Reims dans un cartouche d'après Baussonnet – Œuvre photographiée par Joseph Trompette visible au musée des beaux-arts de Reims

Autres
Chaire de l'église de Champigny.

Hommage
Une rue de Reims porte le nom de Baussonnet. De même qu'une  rue de Champigny porte le nom de Rue Georges Baussonnet.

Bibliographie
La Chaire de Champigny et les dessins de Georges Baussonnet, artiste rémois du XVIIe siècle par Ch. Givelet et H. Jadart, Éditeur, Michaud, 1886
La Nymphe remoise au Roy - De Jacques Dorat, E. D. L. S. (de Reims.), Georges Baussonnet -1610

Galerie

Notes et références

Naissance en 1577
Naissance à Reims
Décès en 1644
 Décès à 67 ans

Georges Baussonet


Sat.1 () is a German free-to-air television channel that is a part of the ProSiebenSat.1 Media Group.

It is considered the first privately owned television network in Germany, having been launched in January 1984 as PKS (Programmgesellschaft für Kabel- und Satellitenrundfunk), initially a joint venture of various publishing houses, and was rebranded as Sat.1 in January 1985. The first broadcast could only be seen by roughly 1200 households who had cable access in the city of Ludwigshafen. Early programs included old films (mainly from the archives of KirchMedia) American hit series and game shows (the most notable show being the German version of Wheel of Fortune, Glücksrad). Later, the station acquired a name for its original series and TV films. By 1988, it was the most watched tv channel in West Germany.

Pay-TV sister channel Sat.1 Emotions (formerly Sat.1 Comedy)  airs comedy, romance and movies. In 2013 Sat.1 Gold, a second, free-to-air Sat.1 offshoot was also launched.

In addition to its free-to-air standard definition feed, Sat.1 also broadcasts an HD feed as a subscription-only channel, available on Astra's HD+ satellite pay-TV platform.

Sat.1 Regional
Regional newscasts are broadcast under the title 17:30 Sat.1... in Bremen, Lower Saxony, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and Bavaria.

 17:30 Sat.1 live (Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse)
 17:30 Sat.1 NRW (North Rhine-Westphalia)
 17:30 Sat.1 Regional (Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein)
 17:30 Sat.1 Regional (Lower Saxony and Bremen)
 17:30 Sat.1 Bayern (Bavaria).

Programmes

Children

The Bugs Bunny Show (2000 - 2008?)

Entertainment

5 mal 5, German version of Lingo hosted by Bernd Schumacher (1993-1994)
Aus den Augen verloren, hosted by Jörg Wontorra (1995-1996)
Bingo, hosted by Wolf-Dieter Herrmann (1991-1992)
Bitte melde dich!, hosted by Jörg Wontorra (1992-1998)
Die Comedy-Falle, hosted by Kai Pflaume (2005-2011)
Die Harald Schmidt Show, late-night show hosted by Harald Schmidt (1995–2004, 2011–2012)
Die Hella von Sinnen Show, hosted by Hella von Sinnen (2006)
Die Hit-Giganten, hosted by Hugo Egon Balder (2003-2012)
Die MyVideo-Show, hosted by Annika Lau (2006-2007)
Erben gesucht, hosted by Jörg Wontorra (1994)
Geh aufs Ganze!, hosted by Jörg Draeger (1992-1997)
Genial daneben, hosted by Hugo Egon Balder (2003-2011, 2017–2021)
Glücksrad, German version of Wheel of Fortune (1988-1997)
Got to Dance, hosted by Alexandra Maurer (2013-2014)
Got to Dance Kids, hosted by Alexandra Maurer (2015)
Jeder gegen Jeden, German version of Fifteen to One hosted by Hans-Hermann Gockel (1996-2001)
Jetzt reicht's!, hosted by Vera Int-Veen (1997-1998)
Kampf der Köche - Wer haut den Profi in die Pfanne? (2016)
Kämpf um deine Frau!, hosted by Andrea Kiewel (2004)
Krypton Faktor, German version of The Krypton Factor hosted by Jörg Draeger (1991)
Man O Man, hosted by Peer Augustinski (1992-1995)
Newtopia - Vollkommenes Glück oder totales Chaos?, German version of Utopia (2015)
Nur die Liebe zählt, hosted by Kai Pflaume (1995-2011)
Nur die Liebe zählt, hosted by Wayne Carpendale (2014-2015)
Promi ärgere dich nicht!, hosted by Hugo Egon Balder and Hella von Sinnen (2005-2008)
Rich List - Jede Antwort zählt, hosted by Kai Pflaume (2007-2008)
Star Search, hosted by Kai Pflaume (2003-2004)
 Promis unter Palmen (2020-2021)
The Voice of Germany (2011–present)
The Taste, German version of The Taste hosted by Christine Henning (2013–present)
The Voice Kids (2013–present)
Promi Big Brother (2013–present)
The Winner Is ... (2012)
The Voice Senior (2018–present)
Big Brother (2020)

Information

Akte (1995–present)
Blitz (1997-2007)
Blitz am Sonntag (2004-2005)
Blitzlicht (1998-1999)
Fahndung Deutschland (2016)
Focus TV (2010–present)
:newstime (2023–present)
push - das Sat.1-Magazin (2012)
Sat.1 am Mittag (2006-2007)
Sat.1 Nachrichten (1985–2023)
Sat.1 - Das Magazin (2007-2012)
Sat.1-Frühstücksfernsehen (1987–present)
Schlag 6 (2001-2002)
Telebörse (1987-1992)
Unser Tag (2015)
Weck Up (1998-2014)

Scripted reality

112 - Rettung in letzter Minute (2018–present)
Anwälte im Einsatz (2013–present)
Auf Streife (2013–present)
Auf Streife - Berlin  (2016–present)
Auf Streife - Die Spezialisten (2015–present)
Die 2 - Anwälte mit Herz (2011)
Die Ruhrpottwache (2016–present)
Dringend Tatverdächtig - Duisburg Crime Stories (2018–present)
Einsatz in Köln - Die Kommissare (2016)
Familien-Fälle (2012-2014)
Helft mir! Letzter Ausweg Jugendamt (2013)
Im Namen der Gerechtigkeit - Wir kämpfen für Sie! (2013–present)
In Gefahr - Ein verhängnisvoller Moment (2014-2016)
Inspektion 5 - Köln Mülheim (2018–present)
K11 – Kommissare im Einsatz (2003–present)
Klinik am Südring (2016–present)
Klinik am Südring - Die Familienhelfer (2018–present)
Lenßen & Partner (2003-2012)
Mein dunkles Geheimnis (2013-2016)
Nachbar gegen Nachbar (2012)
Niedrig und Kuhnt – Kommissare ermitteln (2003-2013)
Patchwork Family (2013)
Pures Leben - Mitten in Deutschland (2009-2013)
Schicksale – und plötzlich ist alles anders (2010–present)
Zwei bei Kallwass, hosted by Angelika Kallwass (2001-2013)

Series

A.S. - Gefahr ist sein Geschäft (1995-1998, 2002, 2007)
Allein unter Bauern (2007)
Almost Human (2014)
Alphateam – Die Lebensretter im OP (1997-2010)
Anna Maria – Eine Frau geht ihren Weg (1994-1997, 1999, 2003-2004)
Anna und die Liebe (2008-2011)
Bis in die Spitzen, German version of Cutting It (2005-2007)
Booker (1990-1992)
Broti & Pacek – Irgendwas ist immer (2002-2005, 2007-2008)
Bull (2017–present)
Cagney & Lacey (1987-1997)
Cougar Town (2010-201?)
Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior (Criminal Minds: Team Red) (2011, 2013-2014, 2016, 2018-present)
Crossing Lines (2013-2015)
Dawson's Creek (1999-2001, 2005, 2007)
Deception (2018)
Der Bergdoktor (1992-1998)
Der Bulle von Tölz (1996-2009)
Der letzte Bulle (2010-2014)
Danni Lowinski (2010-2014)
Edel & Starck (2002-2008, 2011-2012)
Ein Bayer auf Rügen (1993-1999, 2012)
Ein Mord für Quandt (1997-1999, 2001-2003)
Eine wie keine (2009-2010)
Einstein (2017)
Eva Blond (2002-2007)
Falcon Crest (1992-1995)
Frasier (1997-2004)
Friends (1996-1998)
Für alle Fälle Stefanie (1995-2010)
Geliebte Schwestern (1997-1999)
General Hospital (1988-1991)
GSG 9 – Ihr Einsatz ist ihr Leben (2007-2008, 2012)
Hallo, Onkel Doc! (1994-2010)
Hand aufs Herz (2010-2011)
Hawaii Five-0 (2011–present)
HeliCops – Einsatz über Berlin (1998-2005)
Homeland (2013-2014, 2016)
Hotel (1987-1992)
House of Cards (2013)
Im Visier der Zielfahnder (2002-2005)
Instinct (2018)
Josephine Klick - Allein unter Cops (2014-2015)
Klinik am Alex (2009, 2012)
Lethal Weapon (2017)
Loving (Wege der Liebe) (1994-1995)
MacGyver (2017–present)
Mila (2015)
NCIS (200?-201?)
NCIS: Los Angeles (2010-201?)
Numb3rs (Numb3rs - Die Logik des Verbrechens) (2007-2009)
Plötzlich Papa – Einspruch abgelehnt! (2008)
Profiling Paris (2015–present)
Public Morals (1999-2000)
R. I. S. – Die Sprache der Toten (2007-2008)
Rush Hour (2017–present)
Schmetterlinge im Bauch (2006-2009)
Schwarz greift ein (1994-1999, 2004-2005)
Scorpion (2015–present)
SEAL Team (2018)
SK Kölsch (2001-2007)
Stadt, Land, Mord! (2006-2010)
Stalker (2015)
Sylvia – Eine Klasse für sich (1998-2001, 2004-2005)
T. J. Hooker (1987-1991)
That's Life (2004-2010)
The Ellen Show (2007, 2011)
The Guardian (The Guardian - Retter mit Herz) (2004, 2006-2009, 2014)
The Love Boat (Love Boat) (1985-1991, 1994-1996)
The Mentalist (2009-201?)
The Smurfs  (2000)
The Unit - Eine Frage der Ehre (2007)
The Young and the Restless (Schatten der Leidenschaft) (1993-1994)
Typisch Sophie (2004-2006)
V (V - Die außerirdischen Besucher kommen) (1988-1990)
Verliebt in Berlin (2005-2006)
Welcome Back, Kotter (1985)
Wolffs Revier (1992-2006)
Ugly Betty (2007, 2010)
Zorro (Zorro - Der schwarze Rächer) (1992-1995)

Sport

FuXX (1995-1999)
Jump ran, hosted by Lou Richter (1994-1995)
ran fun, hosted by Reinhold Beckmann (1995-1999)
ran Fußball (1992–present)
ran Boxen (1998–present)
ranissimo - Sat.1 Fußball-Show (1992-1999)
Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (2019–present)

Talk

Einspruch!, hosted by Ulrich Meyer (1992-1994)
Kerner, hosted by Johannes B. Kerner (1996-1998)
Schreinemakers Live, hosted by Margarethe Schreinemakers (1992-1996)
Sonja, hosted by Sonja Zietlow (1997-2001)
Talk im Turm, hosted by Stefan Aust and Erich Böhme (1990-1999)
Vera am Mittag, hosted by Vera Int-Veen (1996-2008)

Logos

Audience share

Germany

The average age of the viewers is 50.4 years (as of 2016).

References

External links

Television stations in Germany
Television stations in Austria
Television stations in Switzerland
Television channels and stations established in 1984
ProSiebenSat.1 Media
1984 establishments in West Germany
Mass media in Munich

Sat.1