In philosophy and logic, a deflationary theory of truth (also semantic deflationism or simply deflationism) is one of a family of theories that all have in common the claim that assertions of predicate truth of a statement do not attribute a property called "truth" to such a statement.

Redundancy theory

Gottlob Frege was probably the first philosopher or logician to note that predicating truth or existence does not express anything above and beyond the statement to which it is attributed. He remarked:
It is worthy of notice that the sentence "I smell the scent of violets" has the same content as the sentence "it is true that I smell the scent of violets".  So it seems, then, that nothing is added to the thought by my ascribing to it the property of truth. (Frege, G., 1918. "Thought", in his Logical Investigations, Oxford: Blackwell, 1977)

Nevertheless, the first serious attempt at the formulation of a theory of truth which attempted to systematically define the truth predicate out of existence  is attributable to F. P. Ramsey.  Ramsey argued, against the prevailing currents of the times, that not only was it not necessary to construct a theory of truth on the foundation of a prior theory of meaning (or mental content) but that once a theory of content had been successfully formulated, it would become obvious that there was no further need for a theory of truth, since the truth predicate would be demonstrated to be redundant. Hence, his particular version of deflationism is commonly referred to as the redundancy theory. Ramsey noted that in ordinary contexts in which we attribute truth to a proposition directly, as in "It is true that Caesar was murdered", the predicate "is true" does not seem to be doing any work. "It is true that Caesar was murdered" just means "Caesar was murdered" and "It is false that Caesar was murdered" just means that "Caesar was not murdered".

Ramsey recognized that the simple elimination of the truth-predicate from all statements in which it is used in ordinary language was not the way to go about attempting to construct a comprehensive theory of truth. For example, take the sentence Everything that John says is true. This can be easily translated into the formal sentence with variables ranging over propositions For all P, if John says P, then P is true. But attempting to directly eliminate "is true" from this sentence, on the standard first-order interpretation of quantification in  terms of objects, would result in the ungrammatical formulation For all P, if John says P, then P. It is ungrammatical because P must, in that case, be replaced by the name of an object and not a proposition. Ramsey's approach was to suggest that such sentences as "He is always right" could be expressed in terms of relations: "For all a, R and b, if he asserts aRb, then aRb".

Ramsey also noticed that, although his paraphrasings and definitions could be easily rendered in logical symbolism, the more fundamental problem was that, in ordinary English, the elimination of the truth-predicate in a phrase such as Everything John says is true would result in something like "If John says something, then that". Ramsey attributed this to a defect in natural language, suggesting that  such pro-sentences as "that" and "what" were being treated as if they were pronouns. This "gives rise to artificial problems as to the nature of truth, which disappear at once when they are expressed in logical symbolism..." According to Ramsey, it is only because natural languages lack, what he called, pro-sentences (expressions that stand in relation to sentences as pronouns stand to nouns) that the truth predicate cannot be defined away in all contexts.

A. J. Ayer took Ramsey's idea one step further by declaring that the redundancy of the truth predicate implies that there is no such property as truth.

There are sentences...in which the word "truth" seems to stand for something real; and this leads the speculative philosopher to enquire what this "something" is. Naturally he fails to obtain a satisfactory answer, since his question is illegitimate. For our analysis has shown that the word "truth" does not stand for anything, in the way which such a question requires.

This extreme version of deflationism has often been called the disappearance theory or the no truth theory of truth and it is easy to understand why, since Ayer seems here to be claiming both that the predicate "is true" is redundant (and therefore unnecessary) and also that there is no such property as truth to speak of.

Performative theory

Peter Strawson formulated a performative theory of truth in the 1950s. Like Ramsey, Strawson believed that there was no separate problem of truth apart from determining the semantic contents  (or facts of the world) which give the words and sentences of language the meanings that they have. Once the questions of meaning and reference are resolved, there is no further question of truth. Strawson's view differs from Ramsey's, however, in that Strawson maintains that there is an important role for the expression "is true": specifically, it has a performative role similar to "I promise to clean the house".  In asserting that p is true, we not only assert that p but also perform the "speech act" of confirming the truth of a statement in a context. We signal our agreement or approbation of a previously uttered assertion or confirm some commonly held belief or imply that what we are asserting is likely to be accepted by others in the same context.

Tarski and deflationary theories
Some years before Strawson developed his account of the sentences which include the truth-predicate as performative utterances, Alfred Tarski had developed his so-called semantic theory of truth. Tarski's basic goal was to provide a rigorously logical definition of the expression "true sentence" within a specific formal language and to clarify the fundamental conditions of material adequacy that would have to be met by any definition of the truth-predicate. If all such conditions were met, then it would be possible to avoid semantic paradoxes such as the liar paradox (i.e., "This sentence is false.") Tarski's material adequacy condition, or Convention T, is: a definition of truth for an object language implies all instances of the sentential form

(T) S is true if and only if P

where S is replaced by a name of a sentence (in the object language) and P is replaced by a translation of that sentence in the metalanguage. So, for example, "La neve è bianca is true if and only if snow is white" is a sentence which conforms to Convention T; the object language is Italian and the metalanguage is English.  The predicate "true" does not appear in the object language, so no sentence of the object language can directly or indirectly assert truth or falsity of itself. Tarski thus formulated a two-tiered scheme that avoids semantic paradoxes such as Russell's paradox.

Tarski formulated his definition of truth indirectly through a recursive definition of the satisfaction of sentential functions and then by defining truth in terms of satisfaction. An example of a sentential function is "x defeated y in the 2004 US presidential elections"; this function is said to be satisfied when we replace the variables x and y with the names of objects such that they stand in the relation denoted by "defeated in the 2004 US presidential elections" (in the case just mentioned, replacing x with "George W. Bush" and y with "John Kerry" would satisfy the function, resulting in a true sentence). In general, a1, ..., an satisfy an n-ary predicate φ(x1. ..., xn) if and only if substitution of the names "a1", ..., "an" for the variables of φ in the relevant order yields "φ(a1, ..., an)", and φ(a1, ..., an). Given a method for establishing the satisfaction (or not) of every atomic sentence of the form A(..., xk, ...), the usual rules for truth-functional connectives and quantifiers yield a definition for the satisfaction condition of all sentences of the object language. For instance, for any two sentences A, B, the sentence A & B is satisfied if and only if A and B are satisfied (where '&' stands for conjunction), for any sentence A, ~A is satisfied if and only if A fails to be satisfied, and for any open sentence A where x is free in A, (x)A is satisfied if and only if for every substitution of an item of the domain for x yielding A*, A* is satisfied. Whether any complex sentence is satisfied is seen to be determined by its structure. An interpretation is an assignment of denotation to all of the non-logical terms of the object language. A sentence A is true (under an interpretation I) if and only if it is satisfied in I.

Tarski thought of his theory as a species of correspondence theory of truth, not a deflationary theory.

Disquotationalism
On the basis of Tarski's semantic conception, W. V. O. Quine developed what eventually came to be called the disquotational theory of truth or disquotationalism. Quine interpreted Tarski's theory as essentially deflationary. He accepted Tarski's treatment of sentences as the only truth-bearers. Consequently, Quine suggested that the truth-predicate could only be applied to sentences within individual languages. The basic principle of disquotationalism is that an attribution of truth to a sentence undoes the effects of the quotation marks that have been used to form sentences. Instead of (T) above then, Quine's reformulation would be something like the following "Disquotation Schema":

(DS) Sentence "S" is true if and only if S.

Disquotationalists are able to explain the existence and usefulness of the truth predicate in such contexts of generalization as "John believes everything that Mary says" by asserting, with Quine, that we cannot dispense with the truth predicate in these contexts because the convenient expression of such generalization is precisely the role of the truth predicate in language. In the case of "John believes everything that Mary says", if we try to capture the content of John's beliefs, we would need to form an infinite conjunction such as the following:

If Mary says that lemons are yellow, then lemons are yellow, and if Mary says that lemons are green, then lemons are green, and...

The disquotation schema (DS), allows us to reformulate this as:

If Mary says that lemons are yellow, then the sentence "lemons are yellow" is true, and if Mary says that lemons are green, then the sentence  "lemons are green" is true, and...

Since x is equivalent to "x" is true, for the disquotationalist, then the above infinite conjunctions are also equivalent. Consequently, we can form the generalization:

For all sentences "S", if Mary said S, then "S" is true.

Since we could not express this statement without a truth-predicate along the lines of those defined by deflationary theories, it is the role of the truth predicate in forming such generalizations that characterizes all that needs to be characterized about the concept of truth.

Prosententialism
Grover, Camp and Belnap developed a deflationary theory of truth called prosententialism, which has since been defended by Robert Brandom.

Prosententialism asserts that there are prosentences which stand in for and derive their meanings from the sentences which they substitute. In the statement:

Bill is tired and he is hungry.

the pronoun "he" takes its reference from the noun "Bill." By analogy, in the statement:

He explained that he was in financial straits, said that this is how things were, and that therefore he needed an advance.

the clause "this is how things were" receives its reference from the previously occurring sentential clause "he was in financial straits", according to a prosententialist account.

How does this relate to truth? Prosententialists view the statements that contain "is true" as sentences which do not contain a truth-predicate but rather contain some form of prosentence; the truth-predicate itself is part of an anaphoric or prosentential construction. Prosententialists point out the many parallels which exist between pronouns and prosentences. Pronouns are often used out of "laziness", as in:

Bill is tired and he is hungry

or they can be used in quantificational contexts, such as:

Someone is in the room and he is armed with a rifle.

In a similar manner, "it is true" can be used as a prosentence of laziness, as in:

Fred believes that it is raining and it is true.

and as a quantificational prosentence, such as:

Whatever Alice believes is true.

Prosententialists therefore reject the idea that truth is a property of some sort.

Minimalism

Paul Horwich's minimal theory of truth, also known as minimalism, takes the primary truth-bearing entities to be propositions, rather than sentences. According to the minimalist view then, truth is indeed a property of propositions (or sentences, as the case may be) but it is so minimal and anomalous a property that it cannot be said to provide us with any useful information about or insight into the nature of truth. It is fundamentally nothing more than a sort of metalinguistic property.

Another way of formulating the minimalist thesis is to assert that the conjunction of all of the instances of the following schema:

The proposition that P is true if and only if P.

provides an implicit definition of the property of truth. Each such instance is an axiom of the theory and there are an infinite number of such instances (one for every actual or possible proposition in the universe). Our concept of truth consists of nothing more than a disposition to assent to all of the instances of the above schema when we encounter them.

Objections to deflationism
One of the main objections to deflationary theories of all flavors was formulated by Jackson, Oppy and Smith in 1994 (following Kirkham 1992). According to the objection, if deflationism is interpreted as a sentential theory (that is, one where truth is predicated of sentences on the left hand side of the biconditionals such as (T) above), then deflationism is false; on the other hand, if it is interpreted as a propositional theory, then it is trivial. Examining another simple instance of the standard equivalence schema:

Grass is green is true if and only if grass is green.

the objection is just that, if the italicized words are taken as a sentence, then it is false, because something more is required for the whole statement to be true than merely the fact that "grass is green" is true. It is also necessary that the sentence "grass is green" means that grass is green and this further linguistic fact is not dealt with in the equivalence schema.

However, if we now assume that grass is green on the left-hand side refers to a proposition, then the theory seems trivial since grass is green is defined as true if and only if grass is green. Note that the triviality involved here is not caused by the concept of truth but by that of proposition.  In any case, simply accepting the triviality of the propositional version implies that, at least within the Deflationary Theory of Truth, there can be no explanation of the connection between sentences and the things that they express; i.e., propositions.

Normativity of assertions
Michael Dummett, among others, has argued that deflationism cannot account for the fact that truth should be a normative goal of assertion. The idea is that truth plays a central role in the activity of stating facts. The deflationist response is that the assertion that truth is a norm of assertion can be stated only in the form of the following infinite conjunction:

One should assert the proposition that grass is green only if grass is green and one should assert the proposition that lemons are yellow only if lemons are yellow and one should assert the proposition that a square circle is impossible only if a squared circle is impossible and...

This, in turn, can be reformulated as:

For all propositions P, speakers should assert the propositions that P only if the proposition that P is true.

It may be the case that we use the truth-predicate to express this norm, not because it has anything to do with the nature of truth in some inflationary sense, but because it is a convenient way of expressing this otherwise inexpressible generalization.

See also
 Coherentism
 Confirmation holism
 Truth
 Truth theory
 Truthmaker theory

Related topics

 Belief
 Epistemology
 Information
 Inquiry

 Knowledge
 Pragmatism
 Pragmaticism
 Pragmatic maxim

 Reproducibility
 Scientific method
 Testability
 Verificationism

Notes

References
 Ayer, A. J. (1952). Language, Truth and Logic. New York: Dover Publications.
 Beall, J. C. and Armour-Garb, B. (eds.) (2006). Deflationism and Paradox. Oxford: Clarendon.
 Brandom, Robert Expressive versus Explanatory Deflationism about Truth in Deflationary Truth Armour-Garb B.P. and Beall J.C. (ed.), Chicago and La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing, 2005, pp. 237–257.
 Butler, M.K. (2017). Deflationism and Semantic Theories of Truth. Manchester: Pendlebury Press.
 Candlish, Stewart, and Damnjanovic, Nicolas J., "A Brief History of Truth", in Dale Jacquette (ed.), Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, Volume 11, Philosophy of Logic. Early views (1903-1930), Middle views (1930-1970), Later views (1970-2000), and References.
 Grover, Dorothy, Camp, Joseph & Belnap, Nuel (1975), A Prosentential Theory of Truth,  Philosophical Studies, 27, 73-125.
 Horwich, Paul (1998), Truth, Oxford University Press, London, UK.
 Frege, G. (1918) Ricerche Logiche. M. di Francesco (ed.). tr: R. Casati. Milan: Guerini. 1998.
 Jackson, Frank, Graham Oppy & Michael Smith (1994), "Minimalism and truth aptness", Mind 103, 287-302.
 Kirkham, Richard (1992), Theories of Truth, MIT Press.
 Quine, W. V. O. (1970), Philosophy of Logic, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
 Ramsey, F. P. (1927), "Facts and Propositions", Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 7, 153–170.  Reprinted, pp. 34–51 in F. P. Ramsey, Philosophical Papers, David Hugh Mellor (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990.
 Ramsey, F. P. (1990), Philosophical Papers, David Hugh Mellor (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
 Strawson, P. F. (1949) "Truth", Analysis, 9: 83-97.
 Tarski, A. (1935), "Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen", Studia Philosophica 1, pp. 261–405.  Translated as "The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages", in Tarski (1983), pp. 152–278.
 Tarski, Alfred (1944), "The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 (3), 341–376.
 Tarski, Alfred (1983), Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics:  Papers from 1923 to 1938, J.H. Woodger (trans.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1956.  2nd edition, John Corcoran (ed.), Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 1983.

External links
 Stoljar, Daniel and Damnjanovic, Nic (2007), "The Deflationary Theory of Truth", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.).

Theories of truth
Meaning (philosophy of language)

Deflationary theory of truth


مدحي جوزيبي غريغوري لحسن  (مواليد 15 مايو 1984 في باريس - فرنسا) لاعب كرة قدم جزائري من أب جزائري وأم إيطالية، أصله من ولاية تيارت يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى نادي خيتافي الإسباني منذ 2011 في مركز الوسط المدافع كما يجيد اللعب في مركز الوسط المحوري والأيسر.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب مدحي لحسن خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 6 أندية في سبعة عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 8 أهداف ضمن 425 مباراة. ولم يفز بأي موسم بالكأس أو بالدوري.

خاض مدحي لحسن مسيرته مع نادي ستاد لافال في موسم 2003–04 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 4 مباريات ولم يسجل أي هدف. ثم انتقل إلى  في موسم 2004–05 لمدة موسم واحد، حيث شارك في 35 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف أيضًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي ديبورتيفو ألافيس في موسم 2005–06 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 86 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف أيضًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي راسينغ سانتاندير في موسم 2008–09 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 97 مباراة سجل خلالها 4 أهداف. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي خيتافي في موسم 2011–12 ليلعب معه سبعة مواسم، مشاركًا في 174 مباراة سجل خلالها 4 أهداف أيضًا. ثم انتقل بعدها إلى نادي مالقا في موسم 2017–18 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 29 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف.

التحاقه بالمنتخب
عرف التحاق مدحي لحسن بالمنتخب مسلسل من الرفض والتردد والتراجع إلى القبول، بدأ بدعوة كافالي المدرب السابق للمنتخب الوطني، وحينها، لم يكن يملك مهدي لحسن جواز سفر جزائري بعد، ثم أعيد استدعاؤه من طرف الناخب الوطني الحالي رابح سعدان قبل كأس أمم أفريقيا 2010 بأنغولا، وكان اللاعب مترددا في القبول، خاصة بعدما صرح العديد من اللاعبين الجزائريين بأنهم لا يرغبون في قدوم أي لاعب حفاظا على الاستقرار، ولأنهم هم من عملوا لأجل هذا التأهل إلى كأس الأمم وكأس العالم، ما جعل اللاعب يتراجع ويعتذر بأن زوجته ستضع مولودا، وكانت الحلقة الأخيرة هي بمثابة النهاية السعيدة حين قبل الدعوة في مواجهة صربيا الودية بملعب 5 جويلية بالعاصمة.

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مدحي لحسن


Les districts de Lauenburg et Bütow (en  ou  ; en  ; en ) formaient une région frontaliére historique sur la bordure occidentale de la Poméranie orientale (Pomérélie). Il était composé de deux districts centrés sur les villes de Lauenburg (Lębork, aussi connu en français sous le nom de Lavenbourg) et Bütow (Bytów, qui a pu se traduire en français par Butovie). Ces districts font aujourd'hui partie de la voïvodie polonaise de Poméranie.

Histoire

Royaume de Pologne
Aux  et  siècles, la zone à l'Est de la Łeba inférieure se trouvait à la périphérie ouest des principautés de la Poméranie orientale, lesquels étaient gouvernées par la dynastie des Samborides à Dantzig, descendants du prince Subisław  (mort après 1178). Initialement vassaux de la couronne polonaise des Piast, ils étaient distincts de la dynastie des Griffon à Stetin, seigneurs du duché de Poméranie à l'Ouest, qui en 1181 était devenu un État du Saint-Empire romain.

Après la défaite danoise à la bataille de Bornhöved en 1227, le duc Świętopełk II acquiert les districts de Sławno et de Słupsk au-délà de la Łeba, autrefois possession de Racibor II issu d'une branche cadette des Griffon (Ratiborides), et se déclare dux Pomeranorum (« duc de Poméranie »), entendant régner de façon indépendante sur son territoire élargi de la Poméranie de Dantzig (Pomorze Gdańskie). Les pays le long de la Łeba étaient détenus par le frère cadet de Świętopełk, Racibor de Białogarda qui après 1262 rejoint l'ordre Teutonique et lui fait don de ses terres.

Ordre Teutonique
Cependant, la lignée des Samborides s'éteignit à la mort du fils de Świętopełk, Mestwin II, en 1294, et, en accord avec le traité de Kępno, leur duché revint au royaume de Pologne (1138-1227) du roi Przemysław II. Le margraviat de Brandebourg cherchait cependant également à contrôler la région, et, dans le conflit armé qui s'ensuivit, le duc polonais Władysław I le Coude-haut appela les chevaliers teutoniques à l'aide. Après avoir expulsé les Brandebourgeois de Gdańsk, les Chevaliers massacrèrent la population locale et prirent en 1308 le contrôle de Gdańsk et des régions adjacentes. Au mépris des revendications polonaises, l'État de l'Ordre conclut le traité de Soldin avec le Brandebourg l'année suivante, en vertu duquel les Chevaliers revendiquèrent toutes les terres poméréliennes — y compris les districts de Lauenburg et Bütow — tandis que les terres adjacentes de Sławno et de Słupsk revenaient aux Brandebourgeois (avant d'être récupérés dès 1316 par le Duché de Poméranie — préfigurant le duché de Słupsk). Les Greifen ont également acquis en 1317 la région de Bütow, qui a de nouveau été vendue aux chevaliers en 1329. Après avoir payé les margraves de Brandebourg, les chevaliers teutoniques intégrèrent les terres poméréliennes à leur État, les districts de Lauenburg et Bütow marquant sa frontière occidentale avec le duché de Poméranie. Les chevaliers invitèrent des colons allemands (voir à ce sujet l'article sur la Colonisation germanique de l'Europe orientale) et accordèrent aux villes de Lauenburg et Bütow le droit de Culm, respectivement en 1341 et en 1346. Lauenburg ainsi que Łeba rejoignirent le soulèvement de 1454 de la Confédération prussienne, qui déclencha la guerre de Treize Ans entre le royaume de Pologne (1385-1569) et l'État de l'Ordre.

Fief polonais aux ducs de Poméranie
En 1455, la Pologne promit les terres de Lauenburg et de Bütow au duc Éric II de Poméranie en échange de son soutien, mais les villes étaient toujours détenues par les troupes des chevaliers teutoniques. Lorsque la défaite de l'Ordre et la deuxième paix de Thorn en 1466 mirent fin à la guerre, le roi Casimir IV Jagellon de Pologne accorda de nouveau les villes à la Poméranie, tandis que le reste de la Pomérélie devenait une partie de la Prusse royale. La situation fut définitivement réglée en 1526, lorsque le roi Sigismond Ier l'Ancien donna la région en tant que fief ("libere a servitio et a iuramento") au duc Georges Ier de Poméranie.

République des Deux Nations

Après la mort sans enfant du dernier duc de Poméranie, Bogusław XIV de Poméranie (1637), les deux districts devinrent une "terre" (terra, ziemia) de la couronne polonaise ; puis, en 1641, une partie de la voïvodie de Poméranie. Alors que la Réforme avait été imposée par les ducs de Poméranie, les Polonais firent en sorte de restaurer l'assise du catholicisme sur la région.

Fief polonais au Brandebourg-Prusse
Après le traité de Bydgoszcz de 1657, qui avait amendé le traité de Wehlau, les districts de Lauenburg et de Bütow furent accordés comme fief à la dynastie Hohenzollern de Brandebourg-Prusse en échange de son aide contre la Suède dans la guerre suédo-polonaise, sous les mêmes conditions que celles dont jouissaient auparavant les ducs de Poméranie. Les Hohenzollern avaient également acquis les terres adjacentes de Poméranie Ultérieure à l'extinction de la lignée, et, depuis 1618, détenaient le duché de Prusse en union personnelle.

Royaume de Prusse
Lauenburg-Bütow resta officiellement un fief polonais jusqu'au premier partage de la Pologne en 1772. Le roi Frédéric II de Prusse avait incorporé le territoire l'année précédente et le traité de Varsovie qui suivit en 1773 rendit caduques les anciennes conditions de vassalité. En 1777, les districts furent rattachés à la province prussienne de Poméranie, et, après les guerres napoléoniennes (1815), à une province de Poméranie agrandie. En 1846, le double-district a été divisé en deux Landkreise, Lauenburg et Bütow, tous deux parties du Regierungsbezirk de Köslin, mais restaient jusqu'à 1866 hors de l'Allemagne.

État libre de Prusse
Alors qu'une grande partie des terres poméréliennes annexées par la Prusse sont retournées à la Seconde République polonaise après la Première Guerre mondiale, les villes de Lauenburg et Bütow sont restées allemandes jusqu'en 1945.

Pologne
Conformément à l'accord de Potsdam, ils ont ensuite été attribués à la république populaire de Pologne.

Sources

Histoire de la Pologne médiévale
Ancienne division administrative en Pologne
Ville dans la voïvodie de Poméranie
Poméranie

Districts de Lauenburg et de Bütow


L'hôtel de la Caisse d'épargne est un bâtiment du début du  situé à Chaumont (Haute-Marne), en France. Il est labellisé « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » depuis 2000.

Situation et accès
L'édifice est situé au  de la rue Victoire-de-la-Marne, dans le centre-ville de Chaumont, et plus largement vers le centre du département de la Haute-Marne.

Histoire

Adjudication
Vers février-mars 1908, le conseil des directeurs de la Caisse d'épargne, au cours d'une réunion, arrête les conditions de l'adjudication des travaux de construction de l'édifice. Celle-ci a lieu le  à , en la salle des Adjudications de l'hôtel de préfecture. Divisée en , 4 n'ont pas été adjugés. L'adjudication réunit pas moins de  avec une commission composée d'E. Goguenheim (président) assisté des dénommés Moisson, Rosard, Sejournant et Louis Perreau (l'architecte). Par ailleurs, un différend éclate entre les journaux Le Petit Haut-Marnais et Le Petit Champenois : la rédaction du premier aurait omis l'envoi de l'avis d'adjudication au second ; alors que l'envoi aurait été retardée, le second adresse une plainte à la Mairie.

Construction
L'hôtel de la Caisse d'épargne est construit de 1908 à 1909 selon les plans de l'architecte Louis Perreau (1868-1925), dans la rue de Buxereuilles (actuelle rue Victoire-de-la-Marne).

La construction est réalisée à l'aide d'une grue à vapeur haute de . Fonctionnant à l'essence, elle est montée sur une plaque tournante et sur des rails qui permettent le déplacement jusqu'à la maison de l'armurier chaumontais dénommé Pernod. Sa volée permet de lever des blocs de 5 à . C'est d'ailleurs cette même grue qui a permis la construction du grand palais de l'Exposition internationale d'électricité de 1908 à Marseille ainsi que des travaux sur une artère de Châlons-en-Champagne (à l'époque Châlons-sur-Marne).

Accident durant la construction
Le , vers , Jules Baujanot, un maçon, travaille sur le chantier. Alors qu'il manipule la benne contenant le mortier, son médius est coincé et sectionné par la chaîne de cette benne.

Inauguration
La cérémonie d'inauguration a lieu le , à , en présence notamment du ministre de l'Instruction publique et des Beaux-arts, Gaston Doumergue, et du sous-secrétaire d'État à la Guerre, Henry Chéron, venus tous deux en voyage officiel dans cette ville. Ils inaugurent également un établissement de bains-douches. En outre, dans l'impopularité de certaines mesures politiques, leur venue a été précédée de menaces, notamment d'anarchistes, et diverses arrestations ont été opérées durant la journée. Ce n'est en fait que l'extérieur du bâtiment qui est inauguré, les échafaudages n'ayant été enlevé que deux jours avant.

Ouverture du service
Au , on applique les finitions à l'hôtel. Son ouverture aux déposants a lieu le .

Nouvelle occupation d'une partie du bâtiment
Vers le début de 2022, les dirigeants de la Caisse d'épargne décident la vente ou la location des étages supérieurs de l'édifice. Comme annoncé sur un site de vente immobilier, il s'agit un ensemble comprenant des bureaux et une salle de réunions, pour une surface de  et un montant s'élevant à . L'agence de la banque au rez-de-chaussée est quant à elle préservée. Cette séparation est multifactorielle mais s'explique avant tout par une baisse de la fréquentation, notamment avec la numérisation des services.

Structure

Extérieur
D'un style éclectique, l'édifice s'élève sur trois niveaux et a la particularité d'incorporer une tour horloge décentrée et coiffée d'un clocheton. La partie gauche enjambe un passage couvert en arcade par lequel passe la ruelle Lardière. La façade est principalement constituté de brique et de pierre.

Intérieur
À l'intérieur, un escalier mène à la salle du conseil d'administration décorée dans un style Art nouveau. La lumière y pénètre à travers six vitraux réalisés par Jacques Gruber, de couleurs pâles et avec des motifs d'inspiration végétale.

Statut patrimonial et juridique

L'édifice fait l'objet d'une labellisation « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » depuis le , en tant que propriété d'une société privée.

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Hôtel de ville de Chaumont

Liens externes

Bâtiment à Chaumont (Haute-Marne)
Chaumont
Architecture du XXe siècle en France
Édifice labellisé « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » en Haute-Marne
Tour horloge en France

Hôtel de la Caisse d'épargne de Chaumont


Os Paços do Concelho de Alvito, ou Câmara Municipal de Alvito, referem-se a um imóvel histórico na vila de Alvito, na região do Baixo Alentejo, em Portugal.

Descrição
O imóvel situa-se no Largo do Relógio, em Alvito. É composto por um conjunto de elementos de diversos estilos, destacando-se a torre do relógio, de feição manuelina, com merlões, uma abóbada de cruzaria em ogivas, e mísulas em cantaria, sendo rematada por um coruchéu. Por seu turno, a volumetria dos alçados apresenta uma influência maneirista, principalmente a virada para Sul, com pilastras que terminam em pináculos piramidais. Finalmente, o estilo barroco está presente em várias abóbadas.

História
O edifício começou a ser construído nos princípios do século XVI, desenvolvendo-se em redor da torre do relógio, sendo então conhecido como Casa da Câmara. Estas não foram as primeiras instalações da Câmara Municipal de Alvito, uma vez que em 1594 ainda se faz referência a um edifício mais antigo, que se situava num local desconhecido, embora junto à praça, onde se encontrava igualmente o pelourinho. Os novos Paços do Concelho foram construídos durante um fase de grande expansão da vila, após ter-se tornado na sede de uma baronia, instituída por D. Afonso V em 1475, tendo-se então afirmado como um dos mais importantes centros políticos e económicos na região do Alentejo.

Foi alvo de obras de ampliação no século XVII e depois nos princípios do século XVIII, tendo nesta segunda fase sido instalada a ala correspondente à Sala das Sessões. Nos séculos XIX e XX, foram feitas obras parciais de conservação. Nos finais do século XIX o concelho de Alvito foi suprimido durante cerca de dois anos, tendo a data sido recordada por uma placa colocada na fachada ocidental: «Foi suprimido este concelho em 26 de Junho de 1896 e restaurado em 13 de Janeiro de 1898. Installado em 3 de Fevereiro do mesmo anno».

Em 18 de Novembro de 2020 foi aprovada uma proposta da autarquia de Alvito aos fundos comunitários, para a realização de obras na torre do relógio, no sentido de permitir o seu acesso aos visitantes. Desta forma, iria ser criado um novo importante ponto turístico da vila, que além de permitir uma boa vista sobre o casario em redor, também possui um interessante mecanismo de relojoaria do século XIX.

Ver também
Lista de património edificado em Alvito
Casa de António Pedro Góis
Casa da Câmara de Entradas
Escola Conde de Ferreira de Alvito
Paços do Concelho de Ferreira do Alentejo
Paços do Concelho de Odemira
Paços do Concelho de Vila Nova da Baronia
Pelourinho de Alvito

Ligações externas

Património edificado em Alvito
Fundações em Portugal do século XVI
Paços do concelho de Portugal

Paços do Concelho de Alvito


La estación de Rognac es una estación ferroviaria francesa de la línea París - Marsella, situada en la comuna de Rognac, en el departamento de Bocas del Ródano, en la región de Provenza-Alpes-Costa Azul. Por ella transitan únicamente trenes regionales.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se sitúa en un nudo ferroviario a la altura del  PK 828,609 de la línea férrea París-Marsella. Además se encuentra al origen de la línea férrea Rognac - Aix-en-Provence. Este trazado menor, de apenas 25 kilómetros es de vía única, sin electrificar y se limita al tráfico de mercancías.

Historia
La estación fue abierta en 1847 por parte de la Compañía de Ferrocarriles de Aviñón a Marsella, aunque fue rápidamente adquirida por la Compañía de Ferrocarriles de París a Lyon y al Mediterráneo. Desde 1937, es explotada por la SNCF.

La estación
La estación se compone de dos andenes, uno lateral y otro central y de cuatro vías. Una de ellas no tiene acceso a andén. Está abierta al público de forma permanente y dispone de taquillas y de máquinas expendedoras de billetes.

Servicios ferroviarios

Regionales
Los TER PACA recorre el siguiente trazado:

 Línea Miramas - Marsella.

Enlaces externos

Estaciones de ferrocarril de Francia inauguradas en 1847
Estaciones de ferrocarril del departamento de Bocas del Ródano
Estaciones de la línea París-Lyon a Marsella-Saint-Charles

Estación de Rognac


الشيخ عبد الله بن سليمان المنيع (1349 هـ شقراء، الوشم) عضو هيئة كبار العلماء والمستشار بالديوان الملكي السعودي. كُلف بإلقاء خطبة عرفة عام 2020م/ 1441هـ.

نسبه وحياته
عبد الله بن سليمان بن محمد المنيع من فخذ آل حرقوص أحد فخوذ قبيلة بني زيد المتواجده في حاضرة الوشم وعالية نجد. ولد في وطنه في محافظة شقراء عاصمة إقليم الوشم من أقاليم نجد في 15 رجب 1349هـ/ 6 ديسمبر 1930م.

تعليمه
درس دراسته الأولية في مدرسة شقراء الابتدائية سنة 1365هـ وبعد ذلك مارس التجارة في الأحساء، ثم التحق بالسلك التعليمي مدرساً في المدرسة الابتدائية في شقراء، ثم التحق بالمعهد العلمي الذي هو الركيزة الأولى لجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود، ثم واصل دراسته حتى حصل على الشهادة الجامعية من جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود سنة 1377 هـ.

حصل على درجة الماجستير من المعهد العالي للقضاء التابع لجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود عام 1389هـ.

شيوخه
 محمد بن إبراهيم
 محمد الأمين الشنقيطي
 عبد الرزاق عفيفي
 عبد الله بن حميد
 عبد العزيز بن باز
 عبد العزيز الرشيد

مسيرته

 في عام 1377 هـ تعين عضو إفتاء تحت رئاسة مفتي عام المملكة العربية السعودية الشيخ محمد بن إبراهيم، ومكث معه في العمل الإفتائي والقضائي حتى توفي الشيخ محمد بن إبراهيم سنة 1389 هـ وبعد وفاته شكلت لجنة قضائية للقيام بإنهاء الأعمال القضائية التي في مكاتب سماحته، فعين الشيخ عبد الله عضواً في هذه الهيئة، وبعد سنتين تحول اسم هذه الهيئة إلى اسم الهيئة القضائية العليا واستمرت عضويته فيها ثلاث سنوات.
 في عام 1391 صدر مرسوم ملكي بتشكيل مجلس هيئة كبار العلماء وتعيين الشيخ عبد الله عضواً في هذا المجلس ولايزال في عضويته للهيئة.
 في عام 1395 هـ تعين نائباً عاماً للمفتي الشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز في الشؤون الشرعية والإدارية والمالية.
 في عام 1397 هـ تعين قاضي تمييز في محكمة التمييز في المنطقة الغربية في مكة المكرمة.
 في عام 1417 هـ تعين رئيس محكمة تمييز.
 في عام 1421 هـ أحيل للتقاعد استجابة لرغبته.
 في عام 1429 هـ صدرت أمر ملكي بتعيينه مستشاراً شرعياً في الديوان الملكي السعودي السعودي ولا يزال في عمله الاستشاري.
 الشيخ عبد الله بن سليمان المنيع عضو في مجموعة من مجالس وهيئات شرعية خاصة وعامة وغالبها هيئات شرعية لمؤسسات مالية وهو في انتمائه إليها ما بين رئيس ونائب رئيس وعضو، وتقدر هذه الهيئات بما لا يقل عن سبعين هيئة.
 للشيخ عبد الله نشاطه في الوسائل الإعلامية في التلفزيون والإذاعة والصحافة ومنابر الدعوة ومواقع الإنترنت، وقد تم تكليفه بأمر ملكي عام 2020 بإلقاء خطبة يوم عرفة.

رأيه في إثبات الهلال
للشيخ ابن منيع رأيه في مسألة إثبات الأهلة، وأن الحساب معتبر في نفي صحة الرؤية وليس في إثبات دخول الشهر، وقد خالف بهذا عدد من علماء السعودية كالفوزان واللحيدان. فيقول أما في حال النفي فيجب العمل بالحساب الفلكي، فإذا قال الحساب الفلكي بأن الهلال لا يولد إلا بعد غروب الشمس، ثم جاء من يقول إنه رأى الهلال قبل غروب الشمس، فهذا في الواقع باطل؛ لأن هذه الشهادة لم تنفك عما يكذبها، فوجب ردُّها مهما كان قائلها، ومهما تعدَّد الشاهدون بها وقد نبه للفرق بين الشاهد الذي يدعي رؤية الهلال والشخص الذي يعمل بالحساب الفلكي ويذكر بحقيقة فلكية علمية "ولاشك بوجود الفرق بين من يتقدم بشهادة رؤية الهلال، وبين من يذكر بحقيقة علمية معروفة لدى علماء ذلك العلم. فالأول يأتي بخبر يختص هو بمصدره –وهي الرؤية- والثاني يأتي بخبر علمي يشترك في معرفته جميع علماء ذلك العلم، فالأول في حاجة إلى تعديل وإنصاف بالثقة والأمانة والتقوى والصلاح لكون مصدر علمه بذلك الخبر -وهو الشهادة بالرؤية- ذاتياً في نفسه والثاني لايلزم اشتراط تقواه وصلاحه لكون خبره معلوماً لجميع علماء ذلك الخبر"
وقد تابع ابن منيع مسألة اعتماد الحساب الفلكي وطالب بالتوجه إلى ولي الأمر بالموافقة على عقد مؤتمر يجمع بين علماء الشرع وعلماء الفلك للنظر في المسائل الفلكية المتعلقة بحسبان منازل الشمس والقمر وما يتعلق بذلك من نتائج تفيدنا في تحديد أوقات الصلاة والصيام والحج وهذا طريق من طرق التثبت والتحقق. وقد جرت عادة المنيع بإصدار بيان كل عام يذكر فيه أوائل شهور رجب وشعبان ورمضان وشوال، كنوع من التقريب للإجراء الشرعي وهذا أعطى نوع من التأني في الإجراءات التي كانت تقف موقف المتشكك من وثوقية علم الفلك، وقد جادل بقوة بخصوص اعتماد الرؤية ولكن يجب ردها إن خالف الحساب الفلكي لأن ما نرده هو شهادة الشاهد التي يكذبها الحساب وليس الحديث النبوي الذي يأمر بالرؤية.

مؤلفاته
له العديد من المؤلفات منها:
 الورق النقدي تاريخه-حكمه-حفيفته
 حوار مع المالكي في رد ضلالاته ومنكراته وترجم إلى عدة لغات ووزع في الهند وباكستان وغيرهما
 العقد الفريد في نسب الحراقيص من بني زيد
 أحاديثي في الإذاعة
 مجموع بحوث وفتاوى- 4 مجلدات
 بحوث في الاقتصاد الإسلامي
 رسالة في زكاة عروض التجارة
 نافذة على المجتمع- 3 مجلدات
 حوار مع الاشتراكيين في ضوء الشريعة الإسلامية
 القول اليسر في جواز ذبح هدي التمتع قبل يوم النحر
 مناقشة النظرية- براءة المتهم حتى يدان
 فتاوى رمضان
 فتاوى الحج
 التأمين وحكمه في الشريعة الإسلامية.
ولسماحته العديد من المشاركات الإعلامية من صحافة وإذاعة وتلفزة كما له العديد من المشاركات في مناقشة الرسائل العلمية لمرحلة الماجستير والدكتوراه

انظر ايضاً
 هيئة كبار العلماء السعودية

المصادر
 بحوث في الاقتصاد الإسلامي (1416 هـ). عبد الله بن سليمان المنيع. المكتب الإسلامي: بيروت

الهوامش

وصلات خارجية
 دروس صوتيه للشيخ

أعضاء هيئة كبار العلماء في السعودية
اقتصاديون إسلاميون
حنابلة
مواليد 1349 هـ
مواليد 1930
قضاة سعوديون
خريجو جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية
مستشارون سعوديون

عبد الله بن سليمان المنيع


Pedro Reszka Moreau (10 de Junho de 1872 – 6 de Março de 1960) foi um pintor chileno. Venceu o Prémio Nacional de Arte do Chile em 1947.

Alunos da Universidade do Chile
Mortos em 1960
Nascidos em 1872
Artistas do Chile

Pedro Reszka Moreau


باريس، هي مدينة صغيرة تقع على بعد 90 كيلومترا من واحة الخارجة عاصمة محافظة الوادي الجديد جنوبي غرب مصر.

من أشهر آثارها معبد إيزيس بدوش ويعرف أحيانا بمعبد دوش الذي بُني في العصر الروماني ويوجد بجواره قلعة تركية قديمة مبنية من الطوب اللبن وكنيسة قبطية قديمة.

تعتمد المنطقة على السياحة الأثرية إضافة إلى السياحة العلاجية حيث توجد بها مجموعة من العيون الكبريتية والمعدنية التي تشتهر بتميزها من حيث المركبات الكيميائية وعلاجها لبعض الأمراض مثل الروماتيزم والحساسية والتي يتوافد عليها السياح خصوصا من أوروبا إضافة إلى الزراعة.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 البوابة الإلكترونية لمحافظة الوادي الجديد (الموقع الرئيسي لمحافظة الوادي الجديد)

مدن محافظة الوادي الجديد
واحات مصر
مراكز محافظة الوادي الجديد

باريس (مصر)


Curling Canada (formerly the Canadian Curling Association (CCA)) is a sanctioning body for the sport of curling in Canada. It is associated with more than a dozen provincial and territorial curling associations across the country, and organizes Canada's national championships in the sport. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the two previous sanctioning bodies, Curl Canada (men's) and the Canadian Ladies' Curling Association (women's).

History
The CCA was created in 1990 when Curl Canada and the Canadian Ladies' Curling Association amalgamated. From its creation until 2007, Dave Parkes was the general manager and then chief executive officer (CEO).

Greg Stremlaw was the CEO until 2015 when he took over as head of sports at CBC Sports Katherine Henderson became CEO in 2016 and continued to be in that role until August 2023, when she became CEO of Hockey Canada. Danny Lamoureux took over as interim CEO as her replacement.

On February 27, 2015, the organization rebranded as Curling Canada.

Presidents (Chairs of the Board 2008–present)

1935–38: John T. Haig
1938–39: Elbridge MacKay
1939–40: Ross Harstone
1940–41: Dr. A. F. Anderson
1941–42: Hon. Thane Campbell
1942–46: George Norgan
1946–47: James E. Armstrong
1947–48: Hon. Brig. Colin A. Campbell
1948–49: Murray Macneill
1949–50: Gordon Hudson
1950–51: Fred Lucas
1951–52: Niven Jackson
1952–53: Fielding Rankine
1953–54: Emmett Smith
1954–55: Cyril Boyd
1955–56: Hon. Sen. Richard Donahoe
1956–57: John Dutton
1957–58: Samuel Rothschild
1958–59: Archibald Wilson
1959–60: Walter B. Cowan
1960–61: Alan MacGowan
1961–62: Earl Bourne
1962–63: Ted Pattee
1963–64: Richard T. Topping
1964–65: Arthur Skinner
1965–66: Frank Sargent
1966–67: Hon. Gordon Lockhart Bennett
1967–68: William Lumsden
1968–69: Harry P. Carter
1969: Alf Parkhill
1969–70: H. P. Webb
1970–71: Dr. Maurice Campbell
1971–72: T. Gordon Thompson
1972–73: Irl England
1973–74: D. William Currie
1974–75: L. E. Olson
1975–76: William Leaman
1976–77: David C. Smith
1977–78: Herbert Millham
1978–79: G. Clifton Thompson
1979–80: Frank Stent
1980–81: Cecil Watt
1981–82: Thomas Fisher
1982–83: Cyril S. Walters
1983–84: Ray Kingsmith
1984–85: Dr. Clyde Opaleychuk
1985–86: Ralph Boyd
1986–87: Jerry Muzika
1987–88: Harvey Mazinke
1988–89: Joseph Gurowka
1989–90: Dr. Edward Steeves
1990: Donald R. MacLeod
1990–91: Dr. Edward Steeves
1991–92: Mary-Anne Nicholson
1992–93: Stanley Oleson
1993–94: Evelyn Krahn
1994–95: Lorne Mitton
1995–96: Shirley Morash
1996–97: Pat Reid
1997–98: Harvey Malo
1998–99: Judy Veinot
1999-00: Jack Boutilier
2000–01: Zivan Saper
2001–02: Don Lewis
2002–03: Maureen Miller
2003–04: Don Petlak
2004–05: Barry Greenberg
2005–06: Jerry Shoemaker
2006–07: Donna Duffett
2007–08: Al Forsythe
2008–09: Fran Todd
2009–10: Graham Prouse
2010–11: Jack Bowman
2011–12: Laura Lochanski
2012–13: Ron Hutton
2013–14: Hugh Avery
2014–15: Marilyn Neily
2015–16: Hugh Avery
2016–17: Peter Inch
2017–18: Resby Coutts
2018–19: Maureen Miller
2019–20: John Shea
2020–21: Mitch Minken (until June 2021)
2021–22: Amy Nixon (from June 2021)
2022–24: Michael Szajewski

Championship events
Canadian Mixed Curling Championship
Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
Canadian Junior Curling Championships
Canadian Visually Impaired Curling Championship
Scotties Tournament of Hearts (women's nationals)
Montana's Brier (men's nationals)
PointsBet Invitational
Canada Cup of Curling
Canadian Wheelchair Curling Championship
Canadian Senior Curling Championships
Canadian Masters Curling Championships

Member Associations
Curling Alberta
Curl BC
Curling Québec
Curl Manitoba
New Brunswick Curling Association
Newfoundland and Labrador Curling Association
Northern Ontario Curling Association
Northwest Territories Curling Association
Nova Scotia Curling Association
Nunavut Curling Association
CurlON (Southern Ontario)
Curl PEI
CURLSASK
Yukon Curling Association

See also
 Curling in Canada
 Canadian Curling Hall of Fame
 Canadian Team Ranking System (CTRS) standings

References

Further reading
Bonspiel! The History of Curling in Canada at Library and Archives Canada

External links
 Official website

Curling

Curling Canada


An Spartina patens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Aiton., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Henry Ernest Muhlenberg. An Spartina patens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Spartina, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Spartina

Spartina patens


Nedîm (; 1681, İstanbul - 30 Ekim 1730, İstanbul), Divan edebiyatı eserleri veren Türk bir şairdi. Şöhretini, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun 1718-1730 yılları arasındaki Lâle Devri'nde kazandı. Hayatı ve eserleri ile Lâle Devri ruhûnun en önemli temsilcisi olarak kabul edilir.

Yaşamı
17. yüzyıl sonu ile 18. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde yaşadı. Asıl adı "Ahmed" olan Nedîm, İstanbul'da muhtemelen 1681 yılında doğdu. Babası Mehmed Efendi, Sultan İbrahim'in iktidarı esnasında kazaskerlik görevinde bulundu. Küçük yaşlarda medrese eğitimi alan Nedîm; burada Arapça ve Farsça öğrendi. Daha sonra fıkıh eğitimi aldı.

Bir şair olarak tanınma gayreti içindeki Nedîm, Osmanlı Sadrazamı Çorlulu Ali Paşa'ya birkaç kaside yazdı. Aynı zamanda Topkapı Sarayı'na girişini sağlayan Çorlulu Ali Paşa'nın halefi olan Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa'ya yazdığı kasideler oldu. Lale Devri'nin sadrazamı olan Damat İbrahim'in himayesi altında daha sonra kendisini meşhur yapacak olan eserlerini ve yaşam tarzını ortaya koydu. Şair gerek yaşamı, gerekse şiiri ile estetik, sanat ve eğlence eğilimleri ile göze çarpan bu devrin önemli bir temsilcisi olarak kabul görmektedir.İzn alub cum'a nemâzına deyû mâderden

Bir gün uğrılayalım çerh-i sitem-perverden

Dolaşub iskeleye doğrı nihân yollardan

Gidelim serv-i revânım yürü Sad'âbâde.

Anne(n)den cuma namazına (gideceğiz) diye izin alıp

Zalim felekten bir gün çalalım.

Issız yollardan iskeleye doğru dolaşıp,

Yürü uzun boylu sevgilim Sadabad'a gidelim.

Ölümü
Nedîm'in Patrona Halil İsyanı esnasında öldüğü bilinmekle birlikte, ölüm nedeni konusunda muhtelif rivâyetler vardır. Hassas bir ruhsal yapısı olduğu ve evham hastalığından muzdarip olduğu bilinmektedir. Râmiz Tezkiresi'nde, Nedîm'in Patrona Halil İsyanı akabinde "illet-i vehîme"den dolayı öldüğü yazılıdır. Kemiksiz-zâde Safvet'in Nuhbetü'l Asar'ında ise içki alışkanlığı yüzünden öldüğü kaydedilir. En meşhur rivayet, Müstakim-zâde'nin Mecelletü'n Nisab'ında yazan isyankârlardan kaçarken Beşiktaş'taki evinin çatısından düşerek öldüğü görüşüdür. Bir başka rivayet ise Damad İbrahim Paşa ve şürekâsına yapılan işkenceden ötürü dehşete kapılıp korkudan öldüğü şeklindedir. Nedîm'in mezarı, Üsküdar'da Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'ndadır.

Eserleri ve şiir anlayışı
Günümüzde Divan edebiyatının en önemli şairlerinden biri olarak görülse de bu algı ancak yakın zamanda oluşmuş ve sağlığında iken Nedîm o kadar büyük takdir görmemiştir. Örneğin "Reîs-i Şâirân" (رئيس شاعران) (şairler reisi) unvanı, III. Ahmet tarafından ona değil, şimdilerde daha az bilinen Osmanzâde Tâib'e verilmişti. Yaşadığı dönemde kendisinden daha meşhur olan başka şairler de vardı.

Gerek kasidelerinde, gerekse tebrik ve kutlama amaçlı yazdığı şiirlerinde çağdaşı Divan şiirlerinde görülen kalıp, imge ve rumuzları kullanan Nedîm, şarkı ve gazellerinde ise hem dil, hem de içerik bakımından yenilikçi bir yola girmiş görünüyor.

Nedîm'in içerikçe en bariz yeniliği İstanbul kentini şiirlerinde açılışta (matla) kullanmasıdır. Bu mesela İstanbul'u vasıf zımnında Damad İbrahim Paşa'ya kasîdesinin matla beytinde görülür:Bu şehr-i Sıtanbûl ki bî-misl-ü behâdır
Bir sengine yekpâre Acem mülkü fedâdır

Bu İstanbul şehri ki misli benzeri yoktur
Bir taşına bütün Acem mülkü fedadır

Üstelik önceki şairler soyut ifadeleri çokça yüceltmesine rağmen, Nedîm ise şarkılarında somut ifadeler kullanmaktan ve hatta döneminin mekân, moda ve kıyafetlerine temas etmekten geri kalmaz:Sürmeli gözlü güzel yüzlü gazâlân anda
Zer kemerli beli hancerli cüvânân anda
Bâ-husûs aradığım serv-i hırâmân anda
Nice akmaya gönül su gibi Sa'd-âbâd'a

Sürmeli gözlü, güzel yüzlü âhûlar onda
Altın kemerli, beli hançerli civanlar onda
Özelikle aradığım, salınıp giden selvi boylular onda
Nasıl akmaya gönül su gibi Sadabât'aŞiirlerinde genellikle zevk ve aşkı işleyen şair, devlet büyüklerine kasideler sundu. Aşk ve şarap kavramlarının sık sık geçtiği gazeller yazdı. Çağının bütün yaşantısı, bayramlar, helva sohbetleri, şehzadelerin doğuşu, düğünler, güzel yapılar onu etkiliyor, bu olaylar hiç değilse bir "tarih düşürmesine" vesile oluyordu.

Eserleri "Nedîm Dîvânı" adı altında toplanmıştır. Bu dîvânın bilinen en eski tarihli nüshası, tahminî H. 1149 (M. 1737) yılına ait olan ve Türk Tarih Kurumu Kütüphanesi Y. 13 numarada kayıtlıdır. Divan edebiyatındaki soyut sevgili ve mekânlar, Nedim'in şiirlerinde somuta dönüşür. Yani sevgilisi beşeri aşkı anlatır ve de gerçektir. Zevk, eğlence, içki şiirlerinin temelini oluşturmuştur. Soğuk ve yapmacı anlatımdan kaçınmış, anlatmak istediklerini içten bir şekilde şiirlerine dökmüştür. Bunları da daha çok gazelleriyle anlatmıştır.

Büyük şair, divan şiirinin katı kurallarına herkes gibi uysa da, bazı yenilikler yapmaktan geri durmamıştır. Bazı eserlerinde aruz yerine hece ölçüsü kullanmıştır. Eserleri Nedim Divanı Sahaifü'l-Ahbar (çeviri) Aynî Tarihi (çeviri).

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâkî; ed. (1972 2. bas. 2005) Nedim Divanı. İstanbul: İnkılâp ve Aka Kitabevleri Koll. Şti., ISBN 975-10-2225-8.
 Macit, Muhsin; Doç. Dr., ed. (1997) Nedim Divani, İstanbul:Akdağ Yayınları, ISBN 975-338-107-7 .
 Kudret, Cevdet; Nedim. ISBN 975-10-2013-1.
 Şentürk, Ahmet Atilla. "Nedîm" in Osmanlı Şiiri Antolojisi. pp. 596–607. ISBN 975-08-0163-6.
 Cengiz, Halil Erdogan, (1972) Divan Şiiri Antolojisi say.591, Ankara: Bilgi Yayinevi
 Andrews, Walter G. "Nedîm" in Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology. pp. 253–255. ISBN 0-292-70472-0.
 Mansel, Philip. Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924. London: Penguin Books, 1997.

1681 doğumlular
1730 yılında ölenler
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Lale Devri
Osmanlı şairleri
Divan edebiyatı şairleri
Ölüm ile ilgili komplo teorileri

Nedim


Con el término auriga es posible referirse a:
 un auriga, esclavo que en la Antigua Roma debía conducir la biga, vehículo ligero tirado por dos caballos, que era el medio de transporte de algunos romanos, principalmente de los comandantes militares. El término llegó a ser común en las últimas épocas, indicando al conductor de cualquier vehículo;
 la constelación de Auriga o del cochero, en el hemisferio norte;
 el Auriga de Delfos, denominación historiográfica de una escultura griega de bronce del año 474 a. C.;
 el HMS Auriga (P419), submarino británico botado en 1945;
 los aurigas, un pueblo ficticio de jinetes humanos de las estepas en las historias del legendarium del escritor británico J. R. R. Tolkien;
 Auriga, una empresa rusa de software y servicios informáticos; o a
 Auriga, publicación en catalán dedicada a la divulgación del mundo clásico y del legado grecorromano en Cataluña.

Auriga (desambiguación)


181043 Anan este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
181043 Anan este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nakagawa de H. Hori și Hiroshi Maeno. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,14 ua, o excentricitate de 0,20 și o înclinație de 17,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 181001-182000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2005
Centura de asteroizi

181043 Anan


Mostratinget var et tingmøde som blev holdt ved Moster kirke, på Moster i Bømlo i 1024. Her fremlagde kong Olav den hellige og biskop Grimkjell kristenretten som de i samråd med frie bønder på tinget fik vedtaget. Senere blev det også vedtaget på de forskellige lagting, og kan dermed regnes som den formelle indføring af kristendommen som national religion i Norge. Mostratinget er nævnt i de ældste norske lovtekster, blandt andet fire gange i Gulatingsloven og i Frostatingsloven. Det første kapitel i Gulatingsloven var selve vedtagelsen af kristningen fra Olav Tryggvasons tid.

Mostratinget danner rammen omkring den anden del af det årlige sagaspil «Kristkongane på Moster», som også går under navnet «Mostraspelet» og er skrevet af Johannes Heggland.

Ved Moster Amfi står en sten, som Kong Olav V, Kong Harald V og Dronning Sonja har ridset deres navne  ind i.

Foran Moster gamle kirke står det tre mindesten for Olav Tryggvason (som holdt messe på Moster i 995), Biskop Grimkjell og Olav Haraldsson (som satte kristenretten på Mostratinget i 1024). Mindestenene blev afsløret i 1979 af kong Olav V.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Knut Robberstad: Mostratinget 1024 og Sankt Olavs Kristenrett. Abdruck eines Vortrags in Moster am 28. Juli 1974.
 North Sea Trail går innom Mosterhamn

Norge i middelalderen
Bømlo

Mostratinget


බිස්කට් ගල් යනු ගඩොල් විශේෂයකි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 ගඩොල්
 මෝඩ ගඩොල්
 ඉංජිනේරු ගල්

ගොඩනැගිලි ද්‍රව්‍ය

බිස්කට් ගල්


Dans la Lune (На Луне) est un film russe réalisé par Egor Kontchalovski, sorti en 2020.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Photographie : Anton Antonov
 Musique : Viktor Sologub
 Décors : Marfa Lomakina
 Montage : Alexeï Miklachevski

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film russe sorti en 2020
Thriller (film) russe

Dans la Lune


Crazy Car, chinesisch: 疯狂溜达车, ist eine Launch-Stahlachterbahn vom Hersteller Maurer im Happy Valley bei Wuhan in China, die am 9. März 2013 eröffnet wurde. Bis 2016 fuhr sie unter dem Namen FamilyCo Express.

Auf eine Grundfläche von 50 m × 50 m sind 316 m Schiene verbaut. Die Bahn erreicht eine Höhe von 15 m und verfügt über zwei Inversionen. Zwei einzelne Wagen mit Platz für jeweils sechs Personen (drei Reihen à zwei Personen) werden mittels LSM innerhalb von 2 Sekunden von 0 auf 70 km/h beschleunigt. Sie ist baugleich mit Formule X in Drievliet Family Park.

Weblinks
 Daten und Bilder auf RCDB (engl.)

Stahlachterbahn
Achterbahn in der Volksrepublik China
Erbaut in den 2010er Jahren
Bauwerk in Wuhan
Launched Coaster
Achterbahn hergestellt von Maurer

Crazy Car


Le manoir de Néville était une demeure seigneuriale qui se dressait sur l'ancienne commune de Néville-sur-Mer au sein de la commune nouvelle de Vicq-sur-Mer dans le département de la Manche, en région Normandie. Il fut le centre de la seigneurie de Néville, possession au  de la famille de Beaumont.

Localisation
Le manoir était situé dans l'ancienne commune de Néville-sur-Mer, commune intégrée à la commune nouvelle de Vicq-sur-Mer, dans le département français de la Manche.

Historique
La seigneurie de Néville était au  la possession de la famille de Beaumont, l'une des plus anciennes et des plus considérables du Val de Saire, qui avait leur fief principal dans la paroisse. Le fief des Beaumont s'étendait sur les communes de Clitourps, Varouville, Réthoville, Cosqueville et Beaumont-Hague.

Son membre le plus éminent fut Guillaume de Beaumont dit Le Noir qui, en 1163, fonda le prieuré de Néville. En 1217, l'un de ses neveux, Philippe de Beaumont, autorisera l'abbé de Montebourg à faire desservir la chapelle prieurale Sainte-Marie-Magdeleine par des prêtres séculiers.

Son fils, Thomas de Beaumont donnera quatre acres aux moines dans le village. En 1248, il prend part à la septième croisade avec saint Louis. En 1283, le chevalier Richard de Beaumont donne sa fille, Jeanne de Néville, en mariage à Raoul d'Argouges. Catherine d'Argouges (1434-1473), l'une de leurs descendantes épouse le seigneur de Saint-Pierre-Église, Thomas de Clamorgan. Thierry de Clamorgan, leur fils, donne sa fille en mariage à Jean de Héroult, sieur de la Rivière. Ses biens seront saisis ; le fief de « Beaumont-en-Néville » échoit à Jean de Pirou, seigneur de Fermanville. Charles Jallot, seigneur de Gonneville, fils de Charlotte de Pirou, hérite du fief de Néville pour lequel il rend aveu le . Pierre Jallot, l'un de ses fils, né a Gonneville le  et tué en 1658 au siège de Gravelines, était qualifié de sieur de Néville.

La famille des Jallot de Beaumont conservera le fief de Néville jusqu'à la Révolution.

Description

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Articles connexes
 Liste de châteaux et manoirs de la Manche
 Néville-sur-Mer

Liens externes

Néville

Manoir de Néville


الثَّغرة الأمنية  هو مصطلح يطلق على مناطق ضعيفة في أنظمة تشغيل الحاسب، هذه المناطق الضعيفة يمكن التسلل عبرها إلى داخل نظام التشغيل، ومن ثم يتم التعديل فيه لتدميره نهائيا مثلا، أو للتجسس على المعلومات الخاصة لصاحب الحاسب الالي المخترق، أو ما يعرف بجهاز الضحية.
تظهر الثغرات الأمنية في جميع البرمجيات أيضا وليس فقط أنظمة التشغيل وهي بسبب أخطاء برمجية أثناء تطويرها ارتكبها المطورين وهي تشكل خطرا أمنيا بسبب عدم اكتشافها احيانا لإصدار حل وترقيع لها مثل ثغرات اليوم الصفر  التي دائماً ما يستعين بها القراصنة في جرائمهم الإكترونية.

تفاديًا للتسلل غير القانوني عبر الثغرات الأمنية وُجد ما يُعرف بمنصات مكافأة الثغرات، تعترف بها العديد من الحكومات حول العالم وتموّلها، وتُعرَف منصة بق بونتي بوصفها أشهرمنصات مكافآت الثغرات في الشرق الأوسط.

انظر أيضًا
أنظمة التشغيل
مخترق

مراجع

اختبار البرمجيات
أخطاء البرمجة
أمن الحاسوب

ثغرة أمنية (حوسبة)


Baron Westwood, of Gosforth in the County of Northumberland, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1944 for the trade unionist William Westwood. He was General Secretary of the Ship Constructors' and Shipwrights' Association (now part of GMB Union) from 1929 to 1945.  the title is held by his great-grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in that year.

Barons Westwood (1944)
William Westwood, 1st Baron Westwood (1880–1953)
William Westwood, 2nd Baron Westwood (1907–1991)
William Gavin Westwood, 3rd Baron Westwood (1944–2019)
(William) Fergus Westwood, 4th Baron Westwood (b. 1972)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's younger brother Hon. Alistair Cameron Westwood (b. 1974).

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1944

Baron Westwood


كمال بن إبراهيم بن محمد (فريح) بن حسن بن حمادي، وهو أديب ومؤلف وكاتب واستاذ لغة عربية عراقي، ينتمي لقبيلة العبيد العربية القحطانية الحميرية، وأهل مدينة الأعظمية، أغلبهم من أبناء هذه القبيلة.

ولد في محلة الشيوخ في الأعظمية في عام 1328 هـ/ 1910م، وبها نشا وتعلم القرآن في صغره ثم أكمل دراسته الابتدائية، ودخل مدرسة الإمام أبو حنيفة، وبعدها التحق بجامعة آل البيت، وتخرج منها عام 1927م، وسافر إلى مصر، والتحق بكلية دار العلوم عام 1928م، واستدعي إلى بغداد للتدريس عام 1929م في دار المعلمين العالية بدلا من الأستاذ أحمد حسن الزيات، ثم عاد إلى مصر، وتخرج في عام 1932م، وعين مدرسا في دار المعلمين العالية، ثم اختير مديرا عاما للدعاية، وكان من المشاركين في ثورة مايس عام 1941م، وكان يعد البيانات ويذيعها بنفسه من إذاعة بغداد السرية، وكانت الإذاعة في بعض بساتين الأعظمية، في شارع عمر بن عبد العزيز.

وبعد انتهاء ثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني واخفاقها فصل من الوظيفة وبقي مطلوبا من السلطة الحاكمة وظل ثلاث سنوات متخفيا عن أعين السلطة، وكان يرتدي ملابس الرهبان والقسس للتمويه إذا أراد الظهور، وكان يتمشى عصرا في شارع الأخطل بالأعظمية قريبا من أعدادية كلية بغداد، ولا يعرفه الناس ويحسبونه من القسس في كلية بغداد.

ثم عفي عنه وأعيد مدرسا في دار المعلمين العالية، وفي عام 1950م عين مديرا عاما للدعاية مدة وجيزة، ثم عاد إلى دار المعلمين العالية، وفي عام 1971م، أختاره المجمع العلمي العراقي عضوا عاملا.

وأحيل على التقاعد لتدهور صحته عام 1973م، وفي أول آذار (مارس) من عام 1973م سافر إلى دمشق ممثلا عن المجمع العلمي العراقي في مؤتمر توحيد المصطلحات العربية، ولهُ الكثير من المقالات الأدبية واللغوية في الجرائد والمجلات، كما ألقى الكثير من أحاديثه في مجال الأدب والنقد من إذاعة بغداد، وكان من علماء اللغة العربية الأفذاذ.

مؤلفاته
 أغلاط الكتاب - طبع في بغداد عام 1935م.
 عمدة الصرف - طبع في بغداد عام 1945م.
 الأساس في تاريخ الأدب العربي - ألفه بالمشاركة.
 أغلاط الشعراء - مخطوط.
 دراسات في فقه اللغة - مخطوط.
 دراسات ورسائل عن رجال الفتح الإسلامي - مخطوط.
 نقود وردود في اللغة - مخطوط.

من شعره
قصيدة في وصف النبي محمد في يوم مولده قال فيها:

محمد صفوة الدنيـا ومنقذهـا... وواحد الخلق من عجم ومن عرب

قد كان من سبحـات الطهر نشأته... فذكره قبله قد جاء في الكتب

الوحـي يهبط بالآيات محكمـة... والكون من رهبـوت الله في رهـب

من للرسالة يوفي حق صاحبها... يفنى المداد وما في الأرض من كتب

طلبت وصفك فيما جئت أنظمه... فما أجابت قوافي الشعر مطلبي

أناشد الكلم الباقي فيعجزني... أنا العيي فما أرضى لكم أدبي

هذا المقام تعود اللسن مفحمة... منه ويعيا به ذو المقول الذرب

لم أبك ليلى ولم أشتق إلى طلل... ولا وقفت بذات الضال من كثب

إن خـاب كل محـب في أحبتـه...فـإنني برسـول الله لم أخـب

علقت منه بحبل غير منفصم...ورحت منه بود غير منشعب

إلى قوله:

لقد اضعنا حدود الله عن سفه... ومن يضيع حدود الله يحترب

نوازل الغرب قد هاضت جوانحنا... فنحن ما بين مصروع ومنتحب

في كل يوم لنا مأساة أندلس...تسربل الأرض منهم بالدم السرب

حتى الصهايين راموا دولة لهم... تشاد في معقل الإسلام والعرب

هذي مآتـمـنا في الشرق قائمـة... والغرب أعراسه مـمدودة الطنب

ما أن تعود لنا في الأرض سيرتنا... حتى نجدد شعبا غير منشعب

يضمه الدين والأخلاق في رحم... ويجمع السيف بين القوم في النسب

وفاته
توفي في صباح يوم الخميس 14 ربيع الآخر 1393 هـ/1973م، حيث كان يناقش رسالة للماجستير في الجامعة، وبعد أنتهاء المناقشة توفي وخر صريعاً في الجامعة، وشيع في موكب إلى جامع الإمام الأعظم لأجل الصلاة عليهِ، ثم دفن في مقبرة الخيزران في الأعظمية.

مصادر

سياسيون من بغداد
كتاب عراقيون في القرن 20
مدفونون في مقبرة الخيزران
مواليد 1328 هـ
مواليد 1910
وفيات 1393 هـ
وفيات 1973
سياسيون عراقيون في القرن 20
وفيات في الأعظمية
مواليد في بغداد

كمال إبراهيم


SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 ou KODIAQ J102325+514251 est un quasar lointain et très lumineux situé dans la constellation de La Grande Ourse. Il a été découvert en 2006 par une équipe d'astronomes chinois grâce au télescope Hale de l'observatoire Palomar, puis il est ensuite observé par le télescope du Sloan Digital Sky Survey de l'observatoire d'Apache Point en 2009 et par le télescope primaire de l'observatoire W. M. Keck en 2015. Des mesures de son décalage vers le rouge suggèrent une distance de  de la Terre.

Quasar

Luminosité
SDSS J1023-5142 est l'un des quasars les plus lumineux et il contient l'un des trous noirs les plus massifs de l'univers observable. Les mesures du SDSS et KODIAQ sont que la magnitude absolue optique est de -25.14 et une infrarouge de -27.27. La cause de cette luminosité est le principe de fonctionnement d'un quasar, un disque d'accrétion composé de gaz chauffé à de très hautes températures qui envoie de très fortes quantités de rayonnement, et en cause de l'effet Doppler, le rayonnement s'observe principalement de l'infrarouge proche et moyen.

Trou noir supermassif
Le gaz est accéléré par un trou noir supermassif, et il est ensuite chauffé lors d'une friction entre deux atomes du disque. En mesurant la raie d'émission de l'hydrogène bêta et celle du magnésium ionisé, les scientifiques peuvent mesurer avec suffisamment de précision la masse du trou noir au centre d'un quasar, et grâce à cette méthode, les scientifiques ont pu estimer que la masse du trou noir supermassif de SDSS J1023+5142 est de . La signature infrarouge de SDSS J1023+5142 suggère que son disque d'accrétion est en train de sa faire consumer, indiquant que le quasar est en phase de grossissement rapide.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 .
  SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 sur Stellarium-web.org.

Quasar
Constellation de la Grande Ourse
Trou noir supermassif

SDSS J102325.31+514251.0


30786 Karkoschka este un asteroid care intersectează orbita planetei Marte.

Descriere
30786 Karkoschka este un asteroid care intersectează orbita planetei Marte. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,64 ua, o excentricitate de 0,44 și o înclinație de 8,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 30001-31000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Asteroizi care intersectează orbita planetei Marte

30786 Karkoschka


Kukričje je naseljeno mjesto u općini Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina.

Stanovništvo

Popisi 1971. – 1991.

Popis 2013.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene mrežne stranice općine Bileća

Naselja u Republici Srpskoj
Bileća

Kukričje


Zdenko Milišić (1937.  Split, 9. srpnja 2008.), hrvatski dizajner i športski djelatnik. Poznat po autorstvu na maskotama NK Hajduk "Bili", KK Jugoplastika "Žutko" i NK Dinamo "Cico". Dizajner "brijega" brojnih radova koje je stvorio kao dugogodišnji dizajner lutaka u splitskoj tvornici Jugoplastici. Tvorac je i lutaka Miško i Miška za OI u Moskvi, napravio je i lutku Vučko prema maskoti sarajevskih ZOI 1984. godine. Izvan športa, poznat po maskoti svog voljenog grada Splita, Dalmatinca, te još brojne ine maskote dalmatinskih gradova. Dizajnirao je i kalendare. Dizajni kalendara i promičbenih materijala broje se u desetcima, a najviše ih je bilo za Hajduka. Radio za brojne športske klubove. Vječni zaljubljenik u Split i "dobri duh Bačvica". Njegov posljednji projekt na kojem je radio bio je Madrileno, koji je ponudio madridskom Realu, no projetk nije dovršio zbog smrti.

Izvori

Životopisi, Split
Dizajneri
Hrvatski umjetnici
Šport u Hrvatskoj

Zdenko Milišić


David Leo Fincher (d. 28 Ağustos 1962), Akademi Ödülü adayı olmuş sinema filmi ve video klip yönetmenidir. Yedi, Dövüş Kulübü, Sosyal Ağ, Zodiac, Panik Odası ve Benjamin Button'un Tuhaf Hikayesi gibi filmlerle tanınır.

Gençlik yılları
Denver, Colorado'da Life dergisi yazarı ve başkanı Jack Fincher'ın oğlu olarak doğan David Fincher, Marin County, California'da büyüdü. Sekiz yaşındayken Paul Newman ve Robert Redford'un oynadığı Sonsuz Ölüm filminden etkilenen Fincher, yönetmen olmaya karar verdi ve 8 mm kamerası ile filmler çekmeye başladı. Ashland, Oregon'daki Ashland Lisesi'nden mezun oldu. Daha sonra deneyim kazanacağını umarak bir animasyon stüdyosunda çalışmaya başladı. 1980 yılında Industrial Light & Magic şirketinde çalışmaya başladı. Bu şirkette çalıştığı süre içerisinde efekt konusunda uzmanlaşan Fincher, Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm: VI - Jedi'ın Dönüşü ve Indiana Jones: Kamçılı Adam gibi filmlerin yapımında yer aldı. 1984 yılında ILM'den ayrıldı ve Amerikan Kanser Derneği için bir reklam filmi çekti. Los Angeles'taki yapımcıların dikkatini çeken Fincher, 1985'te Rick Springfield'ın yer aldığı The Beat of the Live Drum adlı belgeseli yönetti. Revlon, Converse, Nike, Pepsi, Sony ve Levi's gibi firmalar için reklamlar çeken Fincher, müzik video klipleri yönetmeye yöneldi.

Kariyeri
Madonna, Billy Idol, Paula Abdul, Aerosmith, The Rolling Stones, Nine Inch Nails, A Perfect Circle, Jody Watley, Rammstein, Rick Springfield, Steve Winwood, Neneh Cherry, George Michael, Michael Jackson, The Wallflowers, Wire Train ve The Outfiel için video klipler çeken Fincher'ın yönettiği ilk sinema filmi Yaratık 3 (1992) adlı bilimkurgu filmi oldu. Yapım, özel efektleri ile Akademi Ödülü adaylığı aldı. Ancak film, eleştirel ve finansal açıdan başarılı olamadı. Fincher, filmin DVD'sinin yer aldığı 9 disklik Alien Quadrilogy seti için hazırlanmış bir belgeselde, 20th Century Fox şirketi ile bütçe konusunda bazı sorunlar yaşadığı belirtti.

Yönetmenin sonraki işi, senaryosunu Andrew Kevin Walker'ın yazdığı 1995 tarihli Yedi isimli film oldu. Yedi ölümcül günaha uygun cinayetler işleyen bir katilin (Kevin Spacey peşindeki iki dedektifin (Brad Pitt ve Morgan Freeman) hikâyesinin anlatıldığı film, dünya genelinde yakalışk 300 milyon dolar kazandı ve eleştirmenlerden genellikle olumlu yorumlar aldı.

Yedi Alacakaranlık tarzı bir gerilim filmi olan Oyunu (1997) yönetti. Kardeşinden (Sean Penn) bir hediye aldıktan sonra başına sıra dışı şeyler gelmeye başlayan bir iş insanının hikâyesine odaklanan film, eleştirmenler iyi yorumlar almasına rağmen gişede orta karar bir başarı elde etti.

David Fincher'ın Chuck Palahniuk'un aynı adlı romanından uyarladığı Dövüş Kulübü, 1999 yılında gösterime girdi. Başrollerinde Edward Norton, Brad Pitt ve Helena Bonham Carter'ın yer aldığı film eleştirmenlerden karışık yorumlar alırken gişe hasılatında beklenen başarıyı kazanamadı. Ama eleştirmenlerin ve izleyicilerin filme olan bakışı zaman içinde çok değişti. Dövüş Kulübü zamanla sinema tarihinin en iyi filmlerinden biri olarak anılmaya başlandı. Entertainment Weekly, Dövüş Kulübü gösterime girdiğin zaman filme düşük bir not vermişti ama "Sahip Olmanız Gereken 50 DVD Film" listesinde bir numaraya Dövüş Kulübü'nü yerleştirdi. Dövüş Kulübü, İngiliz sinema serisi Total Filmin hazırladığı "Tüm Zamanların En Muhteşem 100 Filmi" listesinde Jaws, Vertigo ve Sıkı Dostlar filminin ardından dördüncü sırada yer aldı.

Fincher'ın Dövüş Kulübüünden sonraki filmi Panik Odası (2002) oldu. Film her ne kadar Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yaklaşık 92 milyon dolar kazansa da Yedi, Oyun ve Dövüş Kulübü filmlerinin elde ettiği eleştirel başarıya ulaşamadı. Bu filmden beş yıl sonra David Fincher, Robert Graysmith'in Zodiac Katili hakkında yazdığı kitaptan uyarladı. Önemli rollerde Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, Robert Downey Jr., Anthony Edwards ve Brian Cox'ın yer aldığı Zodiac, 2007 yılının en beğenilen filmlerinden biri oldu ancak Birleşik Devletler'de gösterimde kaldığı süre içerisinde yalnızca 33 milyon dolar kazanabildi.

Fincher'ın senarist Eric Roth ile birlikte F. Scott Fitzgerald aynı adlı romanından uyarlandıkları Benjamin Button'un Tuhaf Hikayesi 2009 yılında gösterime girdi. Benjamin Button'un Tuhaf Hikayesi Fincher'ın yönettiği en uzun film oldu. Ayrıca Fincher, bu filmde Brad Pitt ile üçüncü kez çalıştı. 13 dalda Akademi Ödülü adaylığı kazanan yapım, David Fincher'a da ilk En İyi Yönetmen dalında Akademi Ödülü adaylığını getirdi. Film 300 milyon dolardan daha fazla kazandı. Ünlü yönetmen,çok satan bir roman olan Ejderha Dövmeli Kız'ın Amerikan versiyonunu sinemaya aktardı.

Fincher son olarak 2014 ABD yapımı Kayıp Kız filminin yönetmenliğini yapmıştır. Gerilim türündeki film oldukça iyi bir gişe hasılatı yapmıştır. Film 3 Ekim'de ABD'de sinemalarda gösterime girdi. Kayıp Kız; Pike ile Drama Dalında En İyi Kadın Oyuncu ve Fincher ile En İyi Yönetmen dalları da dahil olmak üzere dört Altın Küre Ödülü adaylığı kazandı.

Filmografi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 fincherfanatic.blogspot.com'da David Fincher Blog
 Allmovie'de David Fincher
 Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
 Anonim içerik 'te Müzik videoları & reklamlar
Görüşmeler
 Paul Guyot'un David Fincher ile görüşmesi
 Michael Moses'ın David Fincher ile görüşmesi
 Gavin Smith'in David Fincher ile  görüşmesi
 Esquire dergisinin Fincher ile görüşmesi
 IndieLondon'ın Fincher ile görüşmesi
 David Fincher Didn't Want To Make 'Another Serial-Killer Movie' ... Until 'Zodiac' Came Along  - MTV'nin Fincher ile görüşmesinin birinci bölümü
 David Fincher Discusses Reunion With Brad Pitt, Possible 'Fight Club' Musical  - MTV'nin Fincher ile görüşmesinin ikinci bölümü
 David Fincher ile görüşme
 Movieweb: David Fincher Zodiac Hakkında konuşuyor: Yönetmenin kurgusu
 LA Weekly - David Fincher Zodiac'ın oyuncularını tartışıyor

Yaşayan insanlar
1962 doğumlular
David, Fincher
Amerikalı film yapımcıları
Amerikalı video klip yönetmenleri
MTV Video Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yönetmen Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
Çevrimiçi Sinema Eleştirmenleri Topluluğu En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
Toronto Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yönetmen Los Angeles Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yönetmen National Board of Review Ödülü sahipleri
BAFTA En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
National Board of Review Ödülü sahipleri
Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
New York Film Eleştirmenleri Birliği Ödülü sahipleri
New York Film Eleştirmenleri Birliği En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yönetmen Chicago Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Boston Film Eleştirmenleri Derneği En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
Boston Film Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
MTV Video Müzik Ödülleri En İyi Yönetmenlik sahipleri

David Fincher


Die German Open 1982 im Badminton fanden vom 4. bis zum 7. März in Mülheim an der Ruhr statt. Mehr als 200 Aktive aus 26 Ländern waren am Start. Über 4000 Zuschauer sahen die Wettkämpfe.

Austragungsort
Sporthalle Carl-Diem-Straße

Sieger und Platzierte

Finalergebnisse

Referenzen
 Badminton-Sport 30 (1982) (3), S. 3
 Offizielle Website

1982
Badminton 1982
Badmintonwettbewerb in Mülheim an der Ruhr

German Open 1982


Le pavillon des Princes est une maison située à Plombières-les-Bains dans le département français des Vosges dans la région historique de Lorraine.

L'édifice est protégé en tant que monument historique depuis 1930.

Historique
Le pavillon occupe l'emplacement de la maison de Lorette qui avait été jusqu'à la Révolution l'infirmerie du couvent de capucins Sainte-Barbe fondé en 1649 par François du Chesne, qui a disparu en 1791 pendant la Révolution au cours de la sécularisation avant la construction du Bain national de 1812 à 1819.

La maison a été construite vers 1820 sous la Restauration pour servir de résidence aux membres de la famille royale qui venaient faire usage des eaux dans la cité thermale, le pavillon est habité en 1828 par la duchesse d'Angoulême, en 1842 par la duchesse d'Orléans qui y apprend l'accident mortel de son mari Ferdinand-Philippe d'Orléans, puis par les préfets des Vosges dont l'un reçut Alfred de Musset en 1845.

Napoléon III y séjourna à trois reprises, en 1857, 1858 puis 1865. C'est dans cet immeuble que l'empereur eut, avec le (président du Conseil des ministres du royaume de Sardaigne Camillo Cavour, la fameuse entrevue de Plombières, le 21 juillet 1858 au cours de laquelle devait se décider l'avenir de l'Italie, occupée alors par les autrichiens, et le rattachement de la Savoie et du comté de Nice à la France.

Le pavillon a servi de bureau de poste.

Architecture
Le pavillon, de petite taille et de plan rectangulaire, est construit en pierre de taille de grès vosgien.
Il compte deux étages et un balcon se trouve le long du bâtiment face au jardin.

Localisation
La maison se trouve dans le passage des Capucins en escaliers reliant la rue Liétard en bas à l'avenue Louis Français en haut.
Le jardin, ouvert au public dès l'époque des capucins, a partiellement survécu sous le nom d'ancien jardin des Capucins puis jardin de la Préfecture. Il a été réduit lors la construction de l'actuelle route de Luxeuil et la réalisation du square Louis Français où se trouve le monument au peintre Louis Français.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques des Vosges
 Bain national de Plombières-les-Bains
 Thermes Napoléon
 Monument au peintre Louis Français

Liens externes

Monument historique inscrit en 1930
Monument historique à Plombières-les-Bains
Station thermale dans le département des Vosges

Pavillon des Princes de Plombières-les-Bains


تقام بطولة آسيا لكرة القدم الخماسية 2010 في أوزبكستان في الفترة من23 مايو إلى 30 مايو 2010. وهي بطولة تأهيلية لكأس العالم.

التصفيات

الفرق المتاهلة

دور المجموعات

المجموعة الأولى

المجموعة الثانية

المجموعة الثالثة

المجموعة الثالثة

المرحلة النهائية

ربع النهائي

نصف النهائي

مباراة المركز الثالث

النهائي

مراجع

كرة قدم آسيوية داخل الصالات في 2010
الرياضة في طشقند
طشقند في القرن 21
بطولة آسيا لكرة القدم الخماسية
كرة القدم الأوزبكستانية في 2010
منافسات كرة قدم داخل الصالات دولية تستضيفها أوزبكستان

بطولة آسيا لكرة القدم الخماسية 2010


is a Japanese chef, best known as an Iron Chef on the Japanese TV cooking show Iron Chef and its spinoff Iron Chef America. He is also known for his unique style of presenting food.

Career
Morimoto received practical training in sushi and traditional Kaiseki cuisine in Hiroshima, and opened his own restaurant in that city in 1980. Influenced by Western cooking styles, he decided to sell his restaurant in 1985 to travel around the United States. His travels further influenced his fusion style of cuisine. He established himself in New York City and worked in some of Manhattan's prestigious restaurants, including the dining area for Sony Corporation's executive staff and visiting VIPs, the Sony Club, where he was executive chef, and at the exclusive Japanese restaurant Nobu, where he was head chef.

While at Nobu he got his start on the Iron Chef television show. Several months after the weekly run of Iron Chef ended in 1999, he left Nobu to collaborate with Starr Restaurants and opening his own Morimoto restaurant in Philadelphia in 2001. His first expansion was a Morimoto restaurant in Chelsea in New York City. Architecturally, this New York City restaurant has exposed concrete, a signature element of architect Tadao Ando, who designed the restaurant in collaboration with Goto Design Group and structural engineers Leslie E. Robertson Associates. Mr. Morimoto has restaurants in Mumbai and New Delhi called Wasabi and has opened multiple locations of Morimoto around the world.

In July 2010, he opened a Napa Valley location of his flagship Morimoto restaurant, followed in October 2010 by a Waikiki, Hawaii location, and a Maui location in October 2013. Morimoto Waikiki closed in December 2016. In 2018 the chef announced two new ventures for the neighborhood, branches of his Morimoto Asia and Momosan chains.

In November 2012, Morimoto opened Tribeca Canvas in New York's Tribeca neighborhood, featuring Asian-inflected takes on American comfort food. After a string of bad reviews and flagging business, he closed the restaurant for a revamp in August 2013, and that October opened the restaurant Bisutoro, with his interpretations of classic bistro fare, in the same space. Bisutoro suffered the same fate as its predecessor and closed in January 2014.

Morimoto also owns Morimoto XEX in Tokyo, a spin on his Morimoto concept with separate Teppanyaki and sushi floors.  Morimoto XEX received a Michelin star in the 2008 Tokyo Michelin Guide. Morimoto appeared as an Iron Chef in Iron Chef America, a spinoff from the original Japanese Iron Chef series, and in its spinoffs The Next Iron Chef and Iron Chef Gauntlet. Chef Morimoto has also developed a line of specialty beers in collaboration with Rogue Ales of Newport, Oregon, consisting of the Imperial Pilsner, Soba Ale, and Black Obi Soba Ale.

In 2005, he partnered with businessmen Paul Ardaji,  a credited Film Producer (ALI) starring Will Smith, and Paul Ardaji, Jr., through Ardaji Restaurant Ventures, LLC in an aborted Asian bistro venture which was to be called PauliMotos Asian Bistro.  The relationship between the Ardajis and the Iron Chef broke down when the Ardajis could not raise the $20.0 million necessary capital to open 11 locations throughout the United States.

In September 2015, Morimoto opened the Pan-Asian restaurant Morimoto Asia at Disney Springs in Walt Disney World in Florida.

In April 2016, Morimoto opened the restaurant Momosan Ramen & Sake on Lexington Ave. in New York City.

In October 2016, Morimoto opened Morimoto Las Vegas located insided the MGM Grand hotel on the Las Vegas strip.

In October 2021, Morimoto opened the restaurant Momosan Ramen Boston on Causeway St. in Boston, Massachusetts.

Iron Chef
Morimoto's official win/loss/tie record on Iron Chef is 16-7-1.

Morimoto's costume on Iron Chef was silver with red trim and a picture on the back of Japanese and American flags tied together in a sheaf. On Iron Chef America, he donned the standard blue Iron Chef outfit with white trim and a patch of the Japanese flag on his sleeve (the other Iron Chefs having flags from their respective countries on their sleeves). In his professional life, to distinguish himself from his on-screen persona, Morimoto wears (purely aesthetic) glasses.

Unlike his predecessor, Koumei Nakamura, Morimoto's introduction as an Iron Chef came with little fanfare, debuting the week following Nakamura's retirement battle against Yukio Hattori. Morimoto was chosen based on his style of cooking, which seemed to border on fusion cuisine, as well as his international experience.

Morimoto was initially reluctant to accept the title of Iron Chef, but accepted fearing the show would hire someone else.  Originally, he had planned to incorporate some of the dishes that he had routinely prepared in New York for Iron Chef, but discovered that previous challengers and Iron Chefs had already made similar dishes.  He would become known as the Iron Chef whose dishes always seemed to come out of left field—a famous example is his Bell Pepper Sushi in a sushi battle in 1999. He would usually have a bottle of Coca-Cola to drink while cooking on the show; on one occasion he combined it with nattō to fashion a dessert dish.

Morimoto competed in the first sushi battle in Kitchen Stadium on June 18, 1999, against challenger Keiji Nakazawa. There were five theme ingredients for the battle: tuna, eggs, Kohada (Japanese Gizzard Shad), Anago, and Kanpyō. Both chefs were given time before the battle to properly prepare the sushi rice (sushi-meshi). Morimoto defeated Nakazawa.

Morimoto is also memorable for being the target of Tadamichi Ohta, a vice-chairman of the Japanese Culinary Association and head of the notorious "Ohta Faction" of Japanese chefs, themselves noted for targeting all the Japanese Iron Chefs starting with Michiba. The Ohta faction lost three battles with Chef Morimoto before finally winning one when challenger Seiya Masahara defeated Morimoto in the anglerfish battle. The Ohta faction was not happy with just one win, however, and they sent in challenger Yusuke Yamashita, a sake specialist, to battle Morimoto. At that time, Morimoto had lost two straight battles and no Iron Chef had ever lost three in a row. The theme ingredient for that battle was cod roe and the battle ended in a tie. The overtime theme ingredient was scallions and Morimoto was able to defeat Yamashita in a 3–1 decision.

In his first battle with Bobby Flay in New York, battle rock crab, Morimoto famously declared that Flay was "not a chef" because Flay stood up on his chopping board after completing his dishes. Morimoto went on to defeat Flay in the New York Battle, the results of which Flay contested believing he was "given inferior cooking space and equipment" and because he had cut himself in addition to suffering several electric shocks during the battle. This led to the two chefs competing once again in Japan during the 21st Century Battles. Morimoto lost to Flay in the re-match with Japanese lobster as the theme ingredient.  Nevertheless, Flay would become an Iron Chef along with Morimoto in the American spin-off, Iron Chef America. The two would face off a third time with Morimoto defeating Flay during the Holiday Ice Battle in November 2009. A fourth battle between the two would take place in an episode which aired on January 1, 2012, with Flay and Marcela Valladolid defeating Morimoto and teammate Andrew Zimmern in a sea whistle salmon battle by a narrow 51-50 margin.

Iron Chef America

Morimoto and Hiroyuki Sakai were the only two original Iron Chefs to appear on Iron Chef America: Battle of the Masters. On this Food Network special series, he lost two battles with American Iron Chefs Mario Batali and Wolfgang Puck, but won a tag team battle along with partner Bobby Flay against Batali and Sakai.

When Iron Chef America was greenlighted as a regular series, it moved from Los Angeles to New York. When Puck was unavailable, Morimoto came on board to replace him. His voice is usually dubbed by American voiceover personality Joe Cipriano during the judgment phase of the show; during the battle, his use of English is not dubbed, but conversations with his sous-chefs in Japanese are subtitled. In 2007, Morimoto's third year at Iron Chef America, he published his first cookbook, Morimoto: The Art of New Japanese Cooking.

As of October 2021, Morimoto's win/loss/tie record on Iron Chef America is 26–17–1, and his total combined record for both Iron Chef series is 41–21–2.

Morimoto opened a restaurant in the Boca Raton Resort & Club in late 2008. He has spent time there ensuring a successful launch of the restaurant.

In The Next Iron Chef, Iron Chef Morimoto has made several appearances as a guest judge.

Other television appearances
In 1999, Masaharu Morimoto and Rokusaburo Michiba went to Indonesia appearing on Resep Oke Rudy broadcast on RCTI and Media Partner Tabloid Wanita Indonesia.

In the 2010 season of American version of Hell's Kitchen, Iron Chef Morimoto made an appearance on the show teaching the contestants how to make sushi.  The contestants then had to replicate his dish.

In Season 8 of Top Chef, Iron Chef Morimoto was the Guest Judge. Each finalist had to make a "Last Supper" for one of the judges. Finalist Antonia Lofaso prepared a traditional Japanese meal for Morimoto, consisting of miso soup and a sashimi bento.

In 2016 he participated as a guest in the 6th edition of Masterchef Italia. His task was to evaluate the contenstants in cooking a selection of Japanese dishes.

Morimoto has made guest appearances as himself on the CBS television series Hawaii Five-0, which is filmed on location in Hawaii. He made his first appearance in the season 1 episode "Ma Ke Kahakai".

In Season 10 of MasterChef, Iron Chef Morimoto was the Guest Judge for the King of the Crabs battle.

Morimoto made a guest appearance in the 4 Million Subscriber Special of Binging with Babish, in which he prepared fugu for Andrew Rea's "death sandwich."

Charity work
In April 2011, Morimoto sang at the Thousand Hearts Benefit for Japanese earthquake relief in California.

Awards
Culinary Hall of Fame Induction.

References

External links

Official site for Masaharu Morimoto, the person

Masaharu Morimoto at the Chef and Restaurant Database

1955 births
Food Network chefs
Living people
People from Hiroshima
Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants
Japanese television chefs
American television chefs
American male chefs

Masaharu Morimoto


Gabriel Albertí Forner, (nacido el  en Villafranca del Panadés, Barcelona y fallecido en el año 1989 en Madrid) fue un pintor español , jugador de baloncesto, entrenador, y dirigente deportivo .

Trayectoria deportiva
Se inicia en el mundo del baloncesto en las Escuelas francesas de Barcelona. Con 17 años ingresa en el segundo equipo de Laietà Basket Club. Después de la Guerra Civil Española vuelve a formar parte del Laietà Basket Club y también juega al tenis. Llegó a formar parte también del Real Club Deportivo Español. Después de retirarse ejerció como entrenador en los equipos en los que jugó y en el Círcol Catòlic de Badalona, además de hacer colaboraciones en El Mundo Deportivo. Llegó a ser miembro de la Federación española de baloncesto, seleccionador de España durante 2 años (1959-1961) y presidente de la Federación Centro de Tenis.

Faceta artística
Becado por el Liceo francés de Barcelona, estudia Bellas Artes y forma parte de una generación de pintores afincados en Madrid entre los que destacan Concha Maria Gutiérrez Navas, Rafael Pedrós, Javier Vilató  (sobrino de Picasso), Miguel Herreros, Carmen Maceín, Pancho Cossío, Gregorio Prieto y Rivas Lara. Es en el período de 1950 a 1980 cuando alcanza su máximo auge como pintor, creando obras de gran atractivo por su dominio del dibujo suelto y arrollador y desarrollando un estilo muy propio. Sus paisajes urbanos de audaz tallado impresionista y sus marinas comparadas con Dufy, son muestras de este gran pintor que pone de manifiesto la existencia de una escuela impresionista en el Madrid de los años 1960. Las portadas del diario ABC de las décadas de 1960 y 1970 son una muestra de ello.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 http://gabrielalberti.webs.com
 http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1986/01/05/MD19860105-032.pdf
 http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1967/12/14/090.html
 http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1965/03/17/037.html
 http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1958/07/24/pagina-21/32708186/pdf.html?search=gabriel alberti

Pintores de España del siglo XX
Baloncestistas de España
Baloncestistas del Real Club Deportivo Espanyol
Baloncestistas del Laietà Basket Club
Entrenadores de baloncesto de España
Entrenadores de la Selección de baloncesto de España
Deportistas de Cataluña
Fallecidos en Madrid
Nacidos en Villafranca del Panadés

Gabriel Albertí


Karl Heinrich Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach (1871-1952) fue un paleontólogo alemán.

Biografía
Describió los siguientes dinosaurios del Cretácico de Egipto:
Paralititan, Aegyptosaurus, Bahariasaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, Spinosaurus. Trabajando con el buscador de fósiles Richard Markgraf (1869-1916), Stromer exploró en 1910 y 1911 las rocas del norte de África. Esperaba encontrar mamíferos del Eoceno, pero en su lugar descubrió dinosaurios del Cretácico. También describió al gigante cocodrilo Stomatosuchus.

En el desierto occidental de Egipto halló abundantes huesos que embarcó hacia Múnich (Alemania). Esos fósiles fueron destruidos durante un bombardeo aliado sobre Alemania durante la segunda guerra mundial. Stromer había solicitado a la dirección del museo que los albergaba que fueran trasladados a un lugar más seguro, pero esto nunca se hizo. Trágicamente, Stromer perdió también a dos de sus hijos en la guerra, mientras que el tercero fue hecho prisionero por los soviéticos y repatriado en 1950.

Algunas publicaciones
 Die Topographie und Geologie der Strecke Gharaq-Baharije nebst Ausführungen über die geologische Geschichte Ägyptens. Múnich: Akademie, 1914, 78 pp. (Abhandlungen der Königlich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse)[Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens]

 Weitere Bemerkungen über die ältesten bekannten Wirbeltier-Reste, besonders über die Anaspida. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math.-naturwiss. Abteilung. Múnich: Verlag der Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1926, pp. 83-104

 Gesicherte Ergebnisse der Paläozoologie. Vorgelegt am 5. März 1943. Múnich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1944, 114 pp. (Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung)

Fuentes
 . The Lost Dinosaurs of Egypt. Cosmos Studios, New York. 2002
 A Tribute to Ernst Stromer: Hundred Years of the Discovery of Spinosaurus aegypticus: Saubhik Ghosh: EKDIN, 11 y 12 de julio de 2011 (www.ekdin.org)

Enlaces externos

 Strange Science bio de Ernst Stromer
 Artículo de Science Daily confirmando el redescubrimiento de especímenes perdidos de Spinosaurus

Paleontólogos de Alemania del siglo XX
Profesores de la Universidad de Múnich
Escritores en alemán del siglo XX
Miembros de la Academia de Ciencias de Baviera
Nacidos en Núremberg
Fallecidos en Erlangen

Ernst Stromer


Isla White (en inglés: White Island que quiere decir «Isla Blanca») es una isla en la parte baja del Lago Erne, en el condado de Fermanagh, Irlanda del Norte, Reino Unido.  Está situada en la bahía del Castillo de Archdale frente a la costa este del lago Erne.  Las ruinas de una antigua iglesia se encuentran cerca de la costa, habiendo sido construida en el emplazamiento de un antiguo monasterio. Todavía posee un Puerta de arco románica intacta.  La Iglesia y ocho figuras talladas entre 800 y 1000 AD son Monumentos Históricos del Estado.

Referencias

Véase también
 Geografía de Irlanda del Norte
 Geografía del Reino Unido

Archipiélagos e islas de Irlanda del Norte

Isla White (Irlanda del Norte)


1. Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V., oftast þekkt sem FC Köln er þýskt knattspyrnufélag stofnað í Köln. Þeirra helstu erkifjendur eru Bayer Leverkusen og Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Tengill
 Heimasíða félagsins

Þýsk knattspyrnufélög
Köln
stofnað 1948

1. FC Köln


Castillinae, biljni podtribus iz porodice dudovki smješten u tribus Castilleae.

Podtribus se sastoji od devet rodova.

Rodovi
 Antiaris Lesch.
 Castilla Cerv.
 Helicostylis Trecul
 Maquira Aubl.
 Mesogyne Engl.
 Naucleopsis Miq.
 Perebea Aubl.
 Poulsenia Eggers
 Pseudolmedia Trecul

Izvori

Castilleae

Castillineae


චාබි අධිරාජිනිය (1216–1281) යනු චීනයේ යුවාන් රාජවංශයේ ඛොන්ගිරාඩ් වල්ලභ අධිරාජිනියකි. ඇය කුබ්ලයි ඛාන් සමග විවාහ වූවා ය. එලෙසින් ඇය 1270 දශකයේ සම්පූර්ණ චීනයම යටත් කරගත් මොංගෝල ඛාගන්වරයාගේ භාර්යාව වීමට සමත් වූවා ය.

දිවිය
"මොංගෝලයන්ගේ රහසිගත ඉතිහාසය" අනුව, චාබි කුබ්ලයිගේ ප්‍රියතම භාර්යාව වූ අතර, ඔහුගේ රාජ්‍ය සමය පුරා ඔහුගේ නිල නොවන උපදේශිකාව ලෙසින් කටයුතු කළා ය. කලාවන්ට අනුග්‍රහ දැක්වූ ඇය, තරුණ වැනීසියානු සංචාරකයකු වූ මාර්කෝ පෝලෝ තුළ චීනය කෙරෙහි වූ උනන්දුව ඉහළ නැංවීමට දායක වූයේ යැයි සැලකේ. චාබි ඇගේ නැන්දණිය වූ සොර්ඝාඝ්ටානි මෙන් ක්‍රිස්තියානි බලපෑමට නතු වූයේ දැයි සැක කෙරේ.

චාබි අධිරාජිනිය මොංගෝල සංස්කෘතියේ කාන්තාවන් දැක්වූ ඉහළ දායකත්වය සම්බන්ධයෙන් නිදසුනක් ලෙස සලකනු ලැබේ. කුබ්ලයිගේ භාර්යාව සහ උ‍පදේශිකාව ලෙස, ඇය වැදගත් දේශපාලන සහ රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්‍රික බල මූලාශ්‍රයක් වූවා ය. විශේෂයෙන්ම චීනවරුන් සමග සමාදාන වීමට ඇය මුලපිරුවා ය. රජයේ ඉහළ මට්ටම තුළ ඇය බුද්ධාගම ප්‍රවර්ධනය කළා ය. ඇය උතුරු චීන අධිරාජකීය පවුලට යහපත් අයුරින් සලකන මෙන් යෝජනා කළේ ජනතාව අස්වසාලීම පිණිසයි. එසේම චීන වගා බිම් මොංගෝලියානු තෘණ බිම් බවට පරිවර්තනය කිරීම වැළැක්වීමට ඇය කුබ්ලයිට සහාය වූවා ය. චාබි සහ කුබ්ලයිගේ මිශ්‍ර වූ විශ්වසාධාරණ මතයයන් චීන සංස්කෘතිය යටපත් නොකොට එය වැළඳ ගැනීම කෙරෙහි ඉවහල් විය. චාබි සිය නැන්දණිය වූ සොර්ඝාඝ්ටානි බෙකිගේ බලපෑම හමුවේ නෙස්ටෝරියානු ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම වැළඳගත්තා ය. චාබිගේ වැළඳගැනීමෙන් පසුව, නෙස්ටෝරියානු ධර්මය චීනය තුළ ශීඝ්‍රයෙන් ව්‍යාප්ත විය. චාබිගේ සහාය ඇතිව කුබ්ලයිහට සිය මහේච්ඡ සොයුරාවත්, මුරණ්ඩු විද්වතුන් සහ ගොවීන් පාලනය කිරීමට අවස්ථාව හිමි විය.

ප්‍රභව

 factsanddetails.com/asian/cat65/sub423/entry-5241.html

1281 මරණ
යුවාන් රාජවංශයේ අධිරාජිනියන්
1227 උපත්
13වන සියවසේ මොංගෝල පාලකයින්
13වන සියවසේ කාන්තාවන්
13වන සියවසේ මොංගෝලියානු ජනයා

චාබි


La Coupe des nations masculine de hockey sur gazon 2022 sera la première édition de la Coupe des nations masculine de hockey sur gazon, le tournoi annuel de qualification pour la Ligue professionnelle masculine de hockey sur gazon organisé par la Fédération internationale de hockey. Le tournoi se déroulera du 28 novembre au 4 décembre 2022 au NWU Hockey Academy, à Potchefstroom en Afrique du Sud.

L'Afrique du Sud est le vainqueur et sera promu à la Ligue professionnelle masculine de hockey sur gazon 2023-2024.

Participants
Les huit équipes les mieux classées au  participeront au tournoi:

Compositions

Phase préliminaire
Toutes les heures correspondent à SAST (UTC+2).

Légende :

Critères
En cas d'égalité de points de plusieurs équipes à l'issue des matchs de poule, les critères suivants sont appliqués dans l'ordre indiqué pour établir leur classement:
 Points de chaque équipe,
 Matchs gagnés,
 Différence de buts,
 Buts pour,
 Plus grand nombre de points obtenus dans les matchs de poule disputés entre les équipes concernées,
 Buts marqués en plein jeu.

Poule A

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Poule B

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Phase finale

Tour pour les médailles

Tour de classement

Demi-finales pour la  place

Demi-finales

Match pour la  place

Match pour la  place

Match pour la  place

Finale

Classement final

Buteurs

7 buts

5 buts

4 buts

3 buts

2 buts

1 but

Récompenses
Les récompenses ont été attribuées le 4 décembre 2022.

Références

Coupe des nations masculine de hockey sur gazon
Hockey sur gazon en 2022


Trefla este una dintre cele patru culori ale cărților de joc, dar și un ornament, întâlnit în special în arhitectură și heraldică, ce are forma stilizată a unei frunze de trifoi.
În general, se obține trasând trei cercuri care se intersectează și ale căror centre sunt plasate în vârfurile unui triunghi echilateral.

Motivul decorativ este utilizat în special în arhitectura gotică deasupra ușilor și ferestrelor.
Sugerând ideea trinității, simbolul trifoiului este întâlnit și în forma de construcție a multor biserici creștine.

Alte utilizări ale simbolului

Heraldică
Simboluri
Elemente arhitecturale

Treflă