Tropicana Field (commonly known as the Trop) is a multi-purpose domed stadium located in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. The stadium has been the ballpark of the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB) since the team's inaugural season in 1998. The stadium is also used for college football, and from December 2008 to December 2017 was the home of the St. Petersburg Bowl, an annual postseason bowl game. The venue is the only non-retractable domed stadium in Major League Baseball, making it the only year-round indoor venue in MLB. Tropicana Field is the smallest MLB stadium by seating capacity when obstructed-view rows in the uppermost sections are covered with tarps as they are for most Rays games.

Tropicana Field opened in 1990 and was originally known as the Florida Suncoast Dome. In 1993, the Tampa Bay Lightning moved to the facility and its name was changed to the ThunderDome until the team moved to their new home in downtown Tampa in 1996. In October 1996, Tropicana Products, a fruit juice company then based in nearby Bradenton, signed a 30-year naming rights deal.

Tropicana Field's location and design (especially the ceiling catwalks) have been widely criticized. Along with Oakland Coliseum, it is often cited as one of the worst ballparks in Major League Baseball and consistently takes the last or second-to-last spot in rankings of stadiums. Major League Baseball has cited the need to replace Oakland Coliseum and Tropicana Field as one of the primary obstacles to future MLB expansion.

History

After Tampa was awarded the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Tampa Bay Rowdies in the 1970s, St. Petersburg decided it wanted a share of the professional sports scene in Tampa Bay. City officials decided early on that the city would attempt to attract Major League Baseball. Possible designs for a baseball park or multi-purpose stadium were proposed as early as 1983. One such design, in the same location where Tropicana Field would ultimately be built, called for an open-air stadium with a circus tent-like covering. It took several design cues from Kauffman Stadium, including fountains beyond the outfield wall.

Ultimately, city officials decided that a stadium with a fixed permanent dome was necessary for a prospective major league team to be viable in the area, due to its hot, humid summers and frequent thunderstorms. Ballpark construction began in 1986 in the hope that it would lure a Major League Baseball team to the facility.

The stadium, built originally as the Florida Suncoast Dome, was first used in an attempt to entice the Chicago White Sox to relocate if a new ballpark was not built to replace the aging Comiskey Park. The governments of Chicago and Illinois eventually agreed to build a New Comiskey Park in 1989.

1990s
The stadium was finished in 1990. It hosted the 1990 Davis Cup Finals that autumn, as well as several rock concerts, but still had no tenants. The venue helped make St. Petersburg a finalist in the MLB expansion for 1993, but it lost out to Miami and Denver. There were rumors of the Seattle Mariners moving in the early part of the 1990s, and the San Francisco Giants came close to moving to the area, with Tampa Bay investors announcing their purchase of the team and its relocation in a press conference in 1992. However, the sale and move were blocked by National League owners, who voted against the deal in November 1992 under pressure from San Francisco officials and the then-owner of the Florida Marlins, Blockbuster Video Chairman H. Wayne Huizenga. A local boycott of Blockbuster Video stores occurred for several years thereafter.

The Suncoast Dome finally got a regular tenant in 1991, when the Arena Football League's Tampa Bay Storm made their debut. Two years later, the National Hockey League's Tampa Bay Lightning made the stadium their home for three seasons. In the process, the Suncoast Dome was renamed the ThunderDome. Because of the large capacity of what was basically a park built for baseball, several NHL and AFL attendance records were set during the Lightning and Storm's tenures there.

Finally, in 1995, the ThunderDome received a baseball team when MLB expanded to the Tampa Bay area. Changes were made to the stadium and its naming rights were sold to Tropicana Products, who renamed it Tropicana Field in 1996. The completion of what is now Amalie Arena in downtown Tampa permitted "The Trop" to be vacated for preparation for its intended purpose, as the Lightning and Storm moved into that facility. A US$70 million renovation then took place—to upgrade a stadium that had cost $130 million to complete only eight years earlier. Ebbets Field was the model for the renovations, which included a replica of the famous rotunda that greeted Dodger fans for many years. The first regular season baseball game took place at the park on March 31, 1998, when the Devil Rays faced the Detroit Tigers, losing 11–6. Luis Gonzalez of the Tigers hit the first home run at the stadium during the game, and Wade Boggs hit the first Devil Rays home run later in the game. Boggs would also hit a home run for his 3,000th hit at Tropicana Field in 1999.

Although Tropicana was purchased by PepsiCo in 1998, PepsiCo did not elect to make any changes to Tropicana's naming rights, as the Tropicana brand is popular among the local fanbase.

2000s
The park was initially built with an AstroTurf surface, but it was replaced in 2000 by softer FieldTurf. A new version of FieldTurf, FieldTurf Duo, was installed prior to the 2007 season. It has always featured a traditional "full dirt" infield, instead of the "sliding pits" design that was common during the 1970s and 1980s, making it the first artificial turf field with a full dirt infield since Busch Stadium II in 1976. Since Tropicana Field does not need to convert between baseball and football, sliding pits, designed to save re-configuration time, were unnecessary. Tropicana has hosted football games, but never during baseball season. On August 6, 2007, the AstroTurf warning track was replaced by brown-colored stone filled FieldTurf Duo.

Tropicana Field underwent a further $25 million facelift prior to the 2006 season. Another $10 million in improvements were added during the season. In 2006, the Devil Rays added a live Cownose ray tank to Tropicana Field. The tank is located just behind the center field wall, in clear view of the play on the field. People can go up to the tank to touch the creatures. Further improvements prior to the 2007 offseason, in addition to the new FieldTurf, include additional family features in the right field area, the creation of a new premium club, and several new video boards including a new  Daktronics LED main video board that is four times larger than the original video board. The 2007 renovation also added built-in HDTV capabilities to the ballpark, with Fox Sports Florida and WXPX airing at least a quarter of the schedule in HD in 2007 and accommodating the new video board's 16x9 aspect ratio.

On September 3, 2008, in a game between the Rays and the New York Yankees, Tropicana Field saw the first official use of instant replay in the history of Major League Baseball. The disputed play involved a home run hit above the left field foul pole by Yankee Alex Rodriguez. The ball was called a home run on the field, but was close enough that the umpires opted to view the replay to verify the call. Later, the Trop saw the first case of a call being overturned by instant replay, when a fly ball by Carlos Peña originally ruled a ground-rule double due to fan interference, was overturned and made a home run on September 19. The umpires determined that the fan in question, originally believed to have reached over the right field wall, did not reach over the wall.

In October 2008, Tropicana Field hosted its first ever baseball postseason games as the Rays met the Chicago White Sox in the American League Division Series, the Boston Red Sox in the American League Championship Series, and the Philadelphia Phillies in the World Series. It hosted the on-field trophy presentations for the Rays when they became the American League Champions on October 19, following Game 7 of the ALCS. Chase Utley hit the first ever World Series home run at Tropicana Field during the first inning of Game 1 of the 2008 World Series. The Rays ended up losing the game 3–2 and eventually the World Series to the Phillies 4 games to 1.

Since 2008, the top ⅓ of the upper deck seating has been tarped over, artificially reducing the stadium's capacity to 36,048 for the 2008 regular season. It was further reduced to 35,041 for the 2008 postseason, since the 300-level Party Deck had been reserved by Major League Baseball as an auxiliary press area. On October 14, 2008, the Rays announced that the upper deck tarps would be removed for the remainder of the postseason, starting with a Game 6 of the 2008 American League Championship Series. This increased the capacity of the stadium to nearly 41,000, depending on standing-room-only tickets sold.

2010s
The first no-hitter pitched at Tropicana Field took place on June 25, 2010, thrown by Edwin Jackson of the Arizona Diamondbacks, who had been a member of the Rays from 2006 to 2008.

About one month after Jackson's no-hitter on July 26, 2010, Tropicana Field was the site of the first no-hitter in Rays' history when pitcher Matt Garza achieved the feat. Garza faced the minimum 27 batters, as the only opponent to reach base (on a walk) was erased by a double play hit by the following batter.

On June 24, 2013, in a game against the Toronto Blue Jays, three Rays players – James Loney, Wil Myers, and Sam Fuld – hit consecutive home runs, a first at Tropicana Field.

Because of rioting in Baltimore, a series between the Rays and Baltimore Orioles in May 2015 was moved from Oriole Park at Camden Yards to Tropicana Field. The games were played with the Orioles serving as the home team and the Rays serving as the visiting team.

Due to severe flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey in the Houston area, the Houston Astros played one "home" series at Tropicana Field in August 2017 against the Texas Rangers while the Rays were away on a previously scheduled road trip. This was only the fourth time games were moved to a neutral location due to weather. Coincidentally, in advance of Hurricane Irma arriving in the Tampa Bay area two weeks later, the Rays' home series against the New York Yankees was moved to Citi Field, the home stadium of the Yankees' crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.

In July 2018, a proposal was unveiled to replace the facility with Ybor Stadium. However, later that year at the MLB Winter Owners Meeting, it was announced by Tampa Bay Rays owner Stuart Sternberg that the Ybor stadium plan would not go forward. The current stadium lease between the Rays and the City of St. Petersburg runs through 2027. The city granted the Rays until December 31, 2018, to continue negotiations with Hillsborough County officials. Although MLB commissioner Rob Manfred has stated his support for "the ballpark effort and [his] desire to be [help] in assisting all parties in finding a way to keep the Rays in the Tampa-St. Petersburg area", he also went on to say that the Rays should "explore a path that is in the best interests of his Club and Major League Baseball".

In addition, the relocation announcement sparked a flurry of redevelopment proposals submitted to the City of St. Petersburg. There are proposals to eliminate the structure completely, but efforts have been made to include the public in the debate using several community meetings.

For the 2019 season, Tropicana Field closed its upper decks, as part of efforts and renovations to "create a more intimate, entertaining and appealing experience for our fans". This reduced the stadium's capacity to around 25,000–the lowest in the league. The team's average attendance in the 2018 season was only just over 14,000.

2020s
From December 2020 to April 2021, the stadium hosted the professional wrestling promotion WWE, broadcasting its shows from a behind closed doors set called the WWE ThunderDome. Due to the start of the 2021 Tampa Bay Rays season, the promotion relocated to Yuengling Center in Tampa.

On January 26, 2021, seven different proposals to redevelop the Tropicana Field site were unveiled, both with and without a new stadium.

Features

Architectural

The most recognizable exterior feature of Tropicana Field is the slanted roof. It was designed at an angle to reduce the interior volume in order to reduce cooling costs, and to better protect the stadium from hurricanes. The dome is supported by a tensegrity structure and is lit up with orange lights after the Rays win a home game. When the Minnesota Twins vacated the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome following the 2009 season and moved into Target Field in 2010, Tropicana Field became the only active Major League Baseball stadium with a fixed (i.e., not retractable) roof. The catwalks attached to the non-retractable roof have been rare but occasional obstructions in the way of batted balls.

The main rotunda, on the east end of the stadium, resembles the Ebbets Field rotunda on the interior. The walkway to the main entrance of the park featured, until the 2020 season, a  long ceramic tile mosaic, made of 1,849,091 one-inch-square tiles. It was the largest outdoor tile mosaic in Florida, and the fifth-largest in the United States. It was sponsored by Florida Power Corporation, which is now a part of Duke Energy.

The primary 100-level concourse is at street level, with elevators, escalators and stairs separating the outfield and infield sections, since the ground is at different grades on either side. The 200-level loge box concourse is further separated, and is carpeted, as it includes the entrances to most of the luxury suites. The 300-level concourse is the highest of the concourses.

Gates
There are seven gate entrances/exits to Tropicana Field, numbered in a clockwise fashion. Gate 1 is the main entrance, known as the Rotunda, on the right-field side of the stadium. Gate 4 is a VIP-only entrance, while Gate 7 is for stadium and team personnel only.

Dining and amenities

Seating at Tropicana Field is arranged with odd sections on the third base side and even sections on the first base side. The hallway behind sections 133–149 is nicknamed "Left Field Street." The hallway behind sections 136–150 is nicknamed "Right Field Street." The 100-level seating wraps around the entire field with a 360° walkway. Behind the stadium's batter's eye is a center field common area, known as The Porch, which provides fans with open seating and standing room to watch games. The Porch, along with other facility improvements, was part of a multimillion-dollar renovation project that was completed before the start of the 2014 season. Loge boxes are featured along the infield of the 100-level from foul pole to foul pole. 200-level seating features 20 sections along the foul lines, broken by the press box behind home plate, with the luxury boxes directly behind and above them. 300-level seating wraps around the infield along the lines, and also features the "Party Deck", a small-capacity seating area above the left field outfield seats with separate concessions inside; initially sponsored by tbt*, the Party Deck has been sponsored by GTE Financial since the 2019 season. Rows are lettered starting closest to home plate and rise further away. Seats are numbered starting at the left side of the section.

There are a total of 70 luxury suites. 48 are accessible from the 200-level, while the other 15 are located on the 100-level.

There are a total of 2,776 club seats at Tropicana Field. The Dex Imaging Home Plate Club features its own entrance, recliner seats, and a premium buffet with in-seat service. The second club section, the Rays Club, is along the first-base side on the 100-level at the Loge Box level. It features its own premium buffet and premium seating.

MacDillville is a section located on the right field line, behind the Rays' bullpen. The section is reserved for the 24 tickets that the Rays provide to personnel returning from deployment, families of deployed personnel and staff assigned to MacDill Air Force Base.

Field-level party sections were installed in the corners in 2006. The left field party section is available for groups of 75-136 people and named "162 Landing", in reference to Evan Longoria's walk-off home run in the 162nd and final regular season game of the  season that landed in that section, which clinched the American League wild card for the Rays. In 2017 the section was renamed after the Tampa sports bar, "Ducky's" that is featured in The Porch, and co-owned by Evan Longoria; the Ducky's branding was removed following the trade of Longoria to the San Francisco Giants before the 2018 season, and 162 Landing has been sponsored by Hard Rock Café since the 2018 season. The right field party section is the "Papa John's Bullpen Box" and is available for groups of 50–85. When the right field corner was sponsored by the fast food chain Checkers, tickets to the "Checkers Bullpen Cafe" included a free meal at the Checkers kiosk immediately adjacent to the section. As of 2008, both party sections feature all-you-can-eat buffets.

In 2008, the Rays also set aside a section of the press boxes on the right field side, named "Press Level Party Area", as an all-you-can-eat buffet section with typical ballpark fare. It is usually available for group parties of at least 35, but it is available for individual ticketing on select dates.

In 2019, the Rays introduced the Left Field Ledge, a party section above the section of the 360 walkway behind left field, offering tables for groups of eight and patio boxes for groups of 12 to 24.

The St. Anthony's Fan Care Clinic is located between Gates 3 and 4 on the 100 level, section 102 (behind home plate). St. Anthony's Health Medical Team staffs the clinic and offers first aid services to fans. A Baby Care Suite is located on the 300 level near section 300. It features baby changing stations and private nursing suites.

Located throughout the first floor walkway are multiple apparel and gear stores, and interactive experiences for fans.

One of the team's two main apparel stores is located in the stadium, near gate 1. The other main store, The Tampa Pro Shop & Ticket Outlet, is located in Tampa. Many specialty, smaller, stores are located throughout the stadium, including a "Game-Used Merchandise" store located in Center Field Street.

Interactive experiences include:
 Grand Slam Alley: an arcade-style area sponsored by GameTime, located behind section 133, free on Sundays
 Topps: fans can have their picture put on a Rays baseball card, located in Left Field, free on Sundays
 Home Run Derby / Speed Pitch: a hitting and pitching simulator, located behind section 134, free on Sundays
 Raymond's Art Studio: An art studio featuring either coloring pages or crafts, and a blackboard wall (for fans 14 and under), located in Right Field Street near Gate 1 (Free)
 Interactive Playground: A virtual interactive que of games that cycle every three minutes, located between Raymond's Art Studio and the Rays Touch Tank (Free)

The Rays Touch Tank
Just over the right-center field fence is the Rays Touch Tank. This ,  tank is filled with three different species of rays, including cownose rays that were taken from Tampa Bay waters. The tank is one of the 10 biggest in the nation. Admission to the tank area is free for all fans attending home games, but there is a limit of 40 people in the area at any given time. The tank is open to fans about twenty minutes after the gates open and closes to the public two hours after the first pitch. Fans get to see the rays up close and get to learn educational info about them.

The tank and rays are sponsored and maintained by the Florida Aquarium, and educates people about rays and other aquatic life.

For every ball hit into the tank during a game by a Rays player, the Rays would donate $5,000 to charity with $2,500 going to the Florida Aquarium and $2,500 going to that player's charity of choice. To date, only seven players have hit a home run that landed in the tank:

* Denotes walk-off home run.

As of the 2021 season, the netting over the tank was extended to fully enclose the area, removing the possibility of a home run ball entering the tank.

Concessions
Behind center field on the stadium's ground level near the main rotunda entrance is a two-story full-service restaurant and recreational area called BallPark & Rec, opened in 2018. The restaurant's second floor features an outdoor area with lawn games, as well as an indoor arcade area. This restaurant took over the location previously occupied by Everglades Brewhouse, which served several craft beers in addition to having a full liquor bar and opened two hours before first pitch. A "Fan vs. Food" challenge at Everglades was introduced in 2014, which consists of eating a  burger and a pound of french fries in under 30 minutes to win two future Rays game tickets and a T-shirt.

The Cuesta-Rey Cigar Bar was located upstairs from Everglades Brewhouse, accessible by escalator, and across from The Porch in center field, prior to BallPark & Rec's expansion. It offered a large selection of cigars, many produced by a company founded in Tampa. The lounge also featured a regular bar, open seating with leather upholstery, and a large screen T.V. It was the only indoor location at Tropicana Field where smoking is permitted.

Various other concession stands are located behind center field and along the outer rim of the stadium along the base lines, collected in three concourses named Center Field Street, First Base Food Hall, and Third Base Food Hall. These stands frequently change from season to season, are often named after or maintained by stadium sponsors, or are themed after notable Rays figures, such as the Rocco Ball Deli, themed after former Rays player and coach Rocco Baldelli, which was open for the 2018 season until Baldelli was hired by the Minnesota Twins in 2019. Current and former concessions include the Taco Bus, the Wine Cellar, The Carvery, Pipo's, Papa John's Pizza, Fish Shack, Everglades BBQ, a full service liquor bar, Bay Grill and the Craft Beer Corner featuring many local craft brewery's including Big Storm Brewing, Cigar City, Green Bench, Sea Dog and 3 Daughters. Green Bench Brewing offers a special edition brew just for the Rays called 2-Seam Blonde Ale.

In addition to these concessions, Tropicana Field previously hosted a concession stand for Outback Steakhouse. Outback is a Tampa Bay-based establishment. To compete with established stadiums' hot dog traditions, the Trop introduced the "Sting 'Em" Dog in 2007. This consists of a regular hot dog topped with chili and cheese. It was renamed "The Heater" in 2008.

Ted Williams Museum/Hitters Hall of Fame
For a list of inductees and recipients of various awards, see footnote

The Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame opened in February 1994, in Hernando, Florida, in Citrus County—just a few blocks from the place where Williams lived in his later years.

In 2006, the museum and hall of fame were moved to Tropicana Field after its original facility in Hernando went bankrupt. A new  upstairs wing was opened in 2007, which now houses the exhibits on Ted Williams's careers with the Boston Red Sox and with the United States Marine Corps during World War II and the Korean War, as well as the monuments to the members of the Hitters Hall of Fame complete with memorabilia, with donated authentic memorabilia wherever possible and many of Williams's own personal mementos from his career and post-playing life. Williams did not induct himself into his own Hitters Hall of Fame, and was inducted in 2003 only after he died.

The museum also includes a "Pitching Wall of Great Achievement", the Negro leagues wing—including an exhibit about John Jordan "Buck" O'Neil (a "son" of Sarasota)—the "500 Homerun Club" exhibit, and exhibits about other topics, including the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League and the Tampa Bay Rays. The museum often hosts autograph signings and charity auctions during or before games.

The museum is open during game days, opening at the same time as the park and closing after the 7th inning with the concession stands. Admission is free, and the museum is open to all ticketholders. In 2012, the museum is open until the 9th inning, but still open only on game days. As of the last week of the 2012 season the museum was back to closing by the 7th inning (beginning of, not after the 7th inning) and the open only on game days policy is still in effect.

Notable events

Basketball
In 1998, Tropicana Field was a regional final site for the NCAA men's basketball tournament. A year later the stadium played host to the 1999 Final Four which saw the Connecticut Huskies beat the Duke Blue Devils 77–74 for the championship. Subsequently, no other NCAA men's basketball game has been played at Tropicana Field.

Football
ArenaBowl IX was held at the venue in 1995.

In 2008, the NCAA announced that Tropicana Field would be host to a postseason college bowl game, bringing football to the dome. The game, which eventually took on the name Gasparilla Bowl, was played inside Tropicana Field until 2017, after which the bowl organizers moved the annual contest to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa.

The Trop returned to a football configuration on October 30, 2009, to host one of the three home games of the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League, which the Rays had invested in.

The East–West Shrine Game, a postseason college football all-star game played annually since 1925, was played at Tropicana Field from 2012 until 2019.

Hockey
Tropicana Field, then known as the ThunderDome, holds the record for the highest attendance for a Stanley Cup playoffs game, set on April 23, 1996, with 28,183 fans. At the time this was the largest-ever crowd at an NHL game, which stood until the 2003 Heritage Classic. This still stands the attendance record for a game played at a teams' regular home stadium, as all NHL games with a higher attendance were part of the NHL's Winter Classic, Heritage Classic, or Stadium Series.

Motorsports
The World of Outlaws Sprint Cars raced at the Suncoast Dome on February 7–9, 1992 as a part of Florida Speedweeks with several tracks hosting events during the month.

An SCCA Trans-Am Series race was held from 1996 to 1997 on a temporary course encompassing the parking lot and surrounding streets.

Concerts
Tropicana Field has hosted many concerts over the years; one of the first large events upon its completion was a concert by Don Henley on June 29, 1990. Many well-known artists have held concerts at the venue, including Eric Clapton (twice), David Bowie, Janet Jackson (twice), Steely Dan, AC/DC (twice), Guns N' Roses, Billy Joel (twice), Robert Plant, Rush (twice), R.E.M., the Eagles, Depeche Mode, Rod Stewart, Kiss, and Van Halen (twice), among others. The venue's largest concert attendance was for the boy band New Kids on the Block in August 1990.

The number of large concerts at Tropicana Field has decreased considerably since the (Devil) Rays were established in 1998, as the club's 81-game home schedule makes scheduling difficult, especially during the summer concert season. Also, the development in nearby Tampa of Amalie Arena (opened in 1996)  and the MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre (opened in 2004) into busy concert venues has further curtailed the concert slate at Tropicana Field.

Rays Summer Concert Series
Beginning in 2007, the Rays organized a "Summer Concert Series" in which a mix of major and lesser-known performers of many different musical genres performed after select home games for no extra charge beyond the price of the game ticket. The concerts were usually scheduled after Friday or Saturday night games, with more kid-oriented acts performing after Sunday afternoon games. The usual procedure was for a portable stage to be rolled out onto centerfield immediately after the final out of the ballgame, with the music starting soon thereafter. For most shows, fans were allowed to come down onto the playing field to watch the performance up close.

The first after-baseball concert featured nostalgia act Sha Na Na in June 2007. The event was so successful that the Rays booked a series of shows for the following season, usually increasing attendance for those games. Participating artists have included The Beach Boys, Los Lobos, LL Cool J, Sister Hazel, Kacey Musgraves, The Jacksons, REO Speedwagon, ZZ Top, Weezer, Kenny Loggins, Avril Lavigne, Joan Jett, and The Wiggles among many others, totaling over 80 shows in all.

In some seasons, the number of post-game concerts was as high as a dozen. The number dwindled to two in 2017, and before the 2018 season, the Rays announced that they would discontinue the concert series due to "stress on the artificial turf".

Professional wrestling
On December 11, 2020, professional wrestling promotion WWE began broadcasting its weekly shows, Raw, SmackDown, and Main Event, and their associated pay-per-views (PPV) from Tropicana Field in a residency. The programs were filmed behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a bio-secure bubble called the WWE ThunderDome, which had been relocated from Orlando's Amway Center due to the start of the 2020–21 ECHL and NBA seasons as the Amway Center is the shared home of the Orlando Solar Bears and the Orlando Magic. Through the arrangement, Tropicana Field hosted the pay-per-views TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, Royal Rumble, Elimination Chamber, and Fastlane—the final PPV before WrestleMania 37 (hosted by Raymond James Stadium in nearby Tampa)—as well as a special event called Superstar Spectacle and the 2021 WWE Hall of Fame induction ceremony. As the 2021 MLB season approached, on March 24, 2021, WWE announced that the ThunderDome would be relocated to the Yuengling Center in Tampa, beginning with the April 12 episode of Raw, the night after WrestleMania 37. WWE's final show filmed at Tropicana Field was the April 9 episode of SmackDown, which was taped the week prior on April 2.

In September 2023, WWE announced they would return to Tropicana Field for the 2024 Royal Rumble, this time with fans in attendance.

Criticism

Location
Tropicana Field sits on  in the Midtown community of St. Petersburg, Florida. The land the stadium and its parking lots now occupy was occupied by the Gas Plant neighborhood from the late 1800s until 1986.

In the late 1800s St. Petersburg began a large recruitment initiative to attract people to help build the city's infrastructures and fill lower-income service jobs. African Americans began to move to St. Petersburg from across the south looking to fill these jobs. The influx of African Americans in the area brought the formation of many black communities including the Gas Plant district. The area housed nearly 800 people, many African American-owned small businesses and three African American churches. The district's name came from the two fuel tanks that originally stood where Tropicana Field now stands.

In 1979, the St. Petersburg City Council voted to refurbish the neighborhood, as it had "seen better days." This plan promised to create new, modern, affordable housing and an industrial park that would bring many new jobs to the area. By 1982 developers offered no proposals for the refurbishment of the district to the city council, even after the council specifically requested the proposals. A group of Pinellas County business people offered a plan to the council that entailed building a baseball stadium, in hopes of attracting a major league baseball team to the area.  That year, the council voted unanimously to follow through with the baseball hopes and lease the land to the sports authority for $1 a year.

Most African Americans who used to live and/or work in the neighborhood felt betrayed by the city and bitter over the baseball development. The city had offered, and followed through with, many reparation programs for the residents and businesses of the Gas Plant district when the district was originally to be refurbished, including financial relocation help. But these programs were welcomed only on the basis that the area would be once again a functional community. When that stipulation changed residents were angered and new reparation plans were rumored but never came to fruition. As for the churches of the area, relocation offers extended to them from the City Council were "generous" according to one of the churches pastors. This is believed to be because of the political power that the churches held.

The destruction of the Gas Plant district and the city's shortcomings in securing economic and employment opportunities for the displaced African American community have left a jagged relationship between city officials and the aforementioned African American community. The destruction of the Gas Plant district financially crippled and killed many African American-owned small businesses and is often referred to as the main reason that only 10% of St. Petersburg's small businesses are African American-owned today.

The dome was built on the former site of a coal gasification plant and, in 1987, hazardous chemicals were found in the soil around the construction site. The city spent millions of dollars to remove the chemicals from the area.

It is often criticized as being located away from the Tampa Bay area's largest population base in Tampa.

Catwalks
Among the most cited criticisms about the stadium are the four catwalks that hang from the ceiling. The catwalks are part of the dome's support structure. The stadium was built with cable-stayed technology similar to that of the defunct Georgia Dome. It also supports the lighting and speaker systems. Because the dome is tilted toward the outfield, the catwalks are lower in the outfield.

The catwalks are lettered, with the highest inner ring being the A Ring, out to the farthest and lowest, the D Ring. The A Ring is entirely in play, while the B, C, and D Rings have yellow posts bolted to them to delineate the relative position of the foul lines. Any ball touching the A Ring, or the in-play portion of the B Ring, can drop for a hit or be caught for an out. The C and D Rings are out of play; if they are struck between the foul poles, then the ball is ruled a home run.

On August 5, 2010, Jason Kubel of the Minnesota Twins hit a sky-high infield pop-up that would have ended the inning in a 6–6 game if caught, but the ball struck the A ring and fell safely onto the infield allowing the Twins to score the go-ahead run and extend the inning in a controversial 8–6 win. As a result, on October 4, 2010, Major League Baseball approved a change in the ground rules for the A and B rings, making it so that a batted ball striking either of the two rings was automatically ruled a dead ball, regardless of whether the ball strikes in fair or foul territory. The rules pertaining to the C and D rings remained the same. This change lasted for just the 2010 postseason.

On the other hand, several potential hits have been lost as a result of the catwalks. For example, on May 12, 2006, Devil Rays outfielder Jonny Gomes hit a long fly ball against the Toronto Blue Jays that seemed destined to be a home run before it hit the B ring, got stuck momentarily, and then rolled off and was caught by Toronto shortstop John McDonald as Gomes was headed for home plate. Although Rays manager Joe Maddon tried to argue that it should have been at least a ground rule double since it stayed in the B Ring for a while before coming loose, umpires eventually ruled against the Rays and called Gomes out.

On May 26, 2008, Carlos Peña hit a pop-fly to center field that likely would have been caught by Texas Rangers center fielder Josh Hamilton. The ball instead hit the B ring catwalk and did not come down. Peña was mistakenly given a home run, but after deliberation, the umpires awarded him a ground rule double. This was the second time this had happened, as José Canseco hit a ball that stuck in the same catwalk on May 2, 1999.

Many players have hit the C and D rings for home runs. The first player ever to hit the rings for a home run was Edgar Martínez of the Seattle Mariners on May 29, 1998. Martinez's home run went off the D ring. Three players before him hit balls that went into the C ring. However, at the time, balls hitting the C ring were not ruled home runs. Two days prior to Martinez's home run, the ground rules were changed so that if a ball hit the C ring, it would be called a home run. The first player to hit the rings for a home run in postseason play was Rays third baseman Evan Longoria, who hit the C ring off Javier Vázquez of the Chicago White Sox on October 2, 2008, in the 3rd inning of Game 1 of the 2008 American League Division Series.

On July 17, 2011, against the Red Sox, Rays batter Sean Rodriguez hit a high foul popup that shattered a lightbulb on a catwalk. Pieces of the broken bulb fell to the turf near the third base coach's box. After a quick cleaning delay in which the Tropicana Field PA system played the theme to The Natural (a 1984 film that prominently features a hit baseball striking and shattering a stadium light fixture), the game resumed.

Another ceiling-related incident came in June 2018, when New York Yankees outfielder Clint Frazier's 9th-inning fly ball bounced off a speaker hanging from the B ring and was caught by Rays shortstop Adeiny Hechavarria for an out. Some suggest that the ball would have traveled far enough for a home run, which would have broken a 6–6 tie. The Rays won the game in extra innings with a walk-off home run.

Bullpens
The bullpens are located along (and close to) the left and right field foul lines and there are no barriers that separate them from the field of play. In fact, fly balls hit into the bullpens are in play. The bullpen players and the pitching mounds are obstacles for fielders chasing fly balls into the pen. Teams have to station a batboy behind the catchers in the bullpens to prevent them from being hit by foul balls from behind. This style of bullpen used to be common in the Major Leagues, but is currently in use only at Tropicana Field and RingCentral Coliseum in Oakland.

Interior

Another criticism of the stadium is the drab interior environment, especially early in the (Devil) Rays' existence, when the stark concrete interior was compared to a large warehouse. However, since it was designed specifically for baseball, it is somewhat smaller and the sightlines are better than in most domed stadiums, which are often built to accommodate other sports as well.

The current Rays' Stuart Sternberg-led ownership group has invested several million dollars over the past decade to make the venue more fan friendly. New or improved features include a larger scoreboard, video wall, catwalk sleeves, an outfield touch-tank featuring cownose rays, a walk-around that circles the entire field, two concession and gathering areas in the outfield, and many other additions and upgrades designed to improve the fan experience.

See also
Amalie Arena, home of the Tampa Bay Lightning and former home of the defunct Tampa Bay Storm
Raymond James Stadium, home of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the South Florida Bulls football team
Rays Ballpark, a former proposed new stadium for the Tampa Bay Rays that has since been abandoned
Rays Park at Carillon, a second former proposed stadium for the Tampa Bay Rays that was abandoned in mid-2015
Charlotte Sports Park, the spring training home of the Tampa Bay Rays, located in Port Charlotte, Florida

References

Citations

Sources

External links

Ballpark Digest review of Tropicana Field
Stadium site on MLB.com
Tropicana Field Seating Chart

Covered stadiums in the United States
Indoor ice hockey venues in Florida
Defunct National Hockey League venues
Sports venues completed in 1990
Sports venues in St. Petersburg, Florida
Defunct NCAA bowl game venues
Florida Tuskers stadiums
Music venues in Florida
Tampa Bay Rays stadiums
Baseball venues in Florida
Tropicana Products
PepsiCo buildings and structures
Major League Baseball venues
United Football League (2009–2012) venues
1990 establishments in Florida
NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Final Four venues
1990 Davis Cup
Tampa Bay Lightning

Tropicana Field


Dünya ağacı, birçok din ve mitolojide, yeryüzündeki hayatı sembolize eden dalları ve kôkleri farklı diyarları birleştiren hayal bile edilemeyecek büyüklükteki mitolojik ağacın adı olup, Bilgi ağacı ve Yaşam ağacı adlarıyla da anılmaktadır . özellikle İskandinavya, Orta Asya ve Kızılderili inançlarında yer alan kozmik düzeni gösteren bir motifdir. Dünyanın merkezinde Yer'in ekseni olarak durur. Kökleri yerin derinliklerine inerken, dalları gökyüzüne ulaşır ya da onu taşır. Böylelikle yeri, göğü ve yeraltını birbirine bağlar.

Kurgulama biçimleri
Kaç katlı ya da kaç dünyalı olduğuna bağlı olarak değişen dünya ağacı kurgularından sözedilebilir. Yer, gök ve yeraltı olmak üzere üç dünyadan ya da üç kattan oluşan dünyalardan, Germenlerdeki yedi katlı dünyaya kadar değişik kurgular görülür. Bazı halklar ağacın tepesinin kutup yıldızına ulaştığını kabul ederler. Değişik kültürlerde farklı cinste ağaçlar dünya ağacı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. İskandinavya'da dişbudak, Kuzey Avrupa'da meşe, Anadolu'da kayın, Orta Doğu'da palmiye, incir ve hurma, Hindistanda bodhi ve aşvattha (incir) gibi.

Dünya ağaçlarında genellikle mitolojik hayvanlar yaşarlar.Germen Mitolojisinde bu ağaca İrminsul ve Yggdrasil adları verilir. Indo-German halklarda genellikle ağacın tepesinde bir kartal ve altında bir yılan bulunur. Hint, Germen ve Slav mitolojilerinde bu hayvanlar birbirleriyle kavga ederler.

Birçok mitoloji ve dinde, ağaçlar aynı zamanda tanrıların ya da doğaüstü yaratıkların ikamet ettikleri yerlerdir. Ortadoğu mitolojisinde yaşam ağacı, Mısır mitolojisinde Sykomore (bir incir türü) yaşam veren ağaçlardır. Çindeki şeftali ağacı ölümsüzlük sağlarken, Hindistan'da Bodhi ağacı aydınlanmanın sembolüdür. Yahudi mitolojisinde Sephiroth ağacı adıyla anılmakta ve yer ile göğü birleştiren dev bir palmiye olarak tasvir edilmektedir. Maya Mitolojisinde dünya ağacı samanyolu ile özdeşleştirilmektedir. Türk mitolojisinde ise kökleri arasından abı-ı hayat suyu fışkıran bir çam ağacı olarak düşünülmüş olup, şamanlar kam sırasında gerçekleştirdikleri ruhani yolculuklarında bu ağacın gövdesini merdiven gibi kullanarak gökyüzüne ulaşmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Kutsal ağaçlar
Mitoloji'de ağaçlar

Dünya ağacı


سؤال في الحب فيلم مصري تم إنتاجه عام 1975، من إخراج هنري بركات و بطولة محمود ياسين و سمير صبري و ناهد شريف.

تمثيل

 محمود ياسين
 سمير صبري
 ناهد شريف
 نيللي
 شهيرة

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام محمود ياسين
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1975

سؤال في الحب (فيلم)


Le musée d'histoire locale de Lebedyn est un musée situé en Ukraine au 1 square Voli. Il a été fondé en 1918.

Notes et références

Liste de musées en Ukraine.

Liens externes

Lebedyn
Musée fondé en 1918
Oblast de Soumy

Musée d'histoire locale de Lebedyn


Harmonix Music Systems, Inc., doing business as Harmonix, is an American video game developer company based in Boston, Massachusetts. The company was established in May 1995 by Alex Rigopulos and Eran Egozy. Harmonix is perhaps best known as being the developer of music video games series Dance Central and Rock Band, as well as being the original developer and creator of the Guitar Hero series before development moved to Neversoft and Vicarious Visions.

History

Formation
Harmonix was founded on May 10, 1995 by Alex Rigopulos and Eran Egozy, who met while attending MIT. Egozy was an electrical/computer engineer with an interest in music, while Rigopulos was a music composition major with an interest in programming; both met while working in the MIT Media Lab. After building a computer music generation system that could algorithmically create music on the fly, the two considered how one could use a joystick to control the system, and set up a demonstration of the unit for the Lab, which gained interest from others in the Lab. The two realized that after graduation that they probably couldn't pursue such ideas working at any existing companies, so they chose to start their own. The company was built on the premise that the experience of performing music could become accessible to those who would otherwise have trouble learning a traditional instrument.

The company was initially funded with about US$100,000, and for the first five years, had nearly zero revenue. The company's earliest product was The Axe on PC CD-ROM. The Axe enabled consumers to easily perform unique instrumental solos by using a PC joystick. This product only sold about 300 copies, with Rigopulos and Egozy realizing that people, while initially entranced by the game, lost interest after 15 minutes of playing with it. Harmonix then designed "CamJam", which performed similar functions, this time using simple body gestures to trigger music sequences. CamJam was utilized at Disney theme parks. This led the two to consider approaching entertainment businesses like Dave & Buster's to include their products, but they soon realized that this would be a year to a year-and-a-half effort, too long for their needs. They then considered the entertainment industry in Japan, where in 1997, was taking off with the introduction of karaoke bars and music video games such as PaRappa the Rapper, Beatmania, and Dance Dance Revolution. They attempted to sell their CamJam equipment to these entertainment centers but found little interest for it. They came to a realization that games like karaoke were popular not due to personal expression, but because they encouraged players to try to accurately recreate the songs through their actions. These games also focused on bringing musical experiences to gamers through simple, understandable interfaces commonly found in games. With this realization, the two returned to the United States and regrouped their company as a video game developer, though they had to let about 40% of their current staff go.

Early titles
Harmonix' first major video game was Frequency, with its development funded by Sony Computer Entertainment along with about $2 million in investments in the company. A key factor of Harmonix' contract with Sony was that it was allowed to keep its intellectual property, which allowed for Harmonix to build on the game for its future endeavours. The game's development began in 1999, backed by a larger team at Harmonix, many of whom were musicians. Featuring songs by a number of underground electronica artists, FreQuency allowed players to perform and remix a variety of music. The game was backed by SCEA Vice President of Product Development, Shuhei Yoshida. Released in 2001 on the PlayStation 2, FreQuency was critically acclaimed and won numerous awards, though it failed to become a mainstream success. Harmonix developed a sequel, Amplitude, released in 2003. Several changes were made from its predecessor to broaden the game's appeal, from gameplay tweaks to a more mainstream soundtrack. And again, Amplitude achieved awards, critical praise, and a small cult following, but it was not a financial hit. The two attributed the poor response to the games due in part to the lack of a mainstream soundtrack and that the gameplay was difficult to connect to if one was not playing the game.

After Amplitude, Harmonix was approached by Konami to create the Karaoke Revolution franchise. Konami, known for their Bemani line of music games, wanted to distribute their games in the United States, and Harmonix was the only music game developer in the country at the time. Konami was responsible for publishing the Karaoke Revolution titles, of which Harmonix developed and released three "volumes" between 2003 and 2004. The series was much more successful due to its mainstream music and its marketability.

Also in 2004, Sony Computer Entertainment released the Harmonix project EyeToy: AntiGrav. A departure from music games, the title used the PlayStation 2 EyeToy camera peripheral to enable one's body to perform as a controller for a futuristic extreme sports game. However, the game was poorly-received by critics, despite selling four times as many copies as FreQuency or Amplitude. These results left Rigopulos and Egozy depressed about the prospects for music games.

At this time, RedOctane, a peripheral manufacturing company who had enjoyed Harmonix' previous games, approached Harmonix about developing the software for a game that would be based on a guitar-shaped controller, inspired by GuitarFreaks which was popular in Japan. This relationship led to the creation of Guitar Hero, published by RedOctane in 2005. The game features similar gameplay elements to FreQuency and Amplitude. Guitar Hero uses a guitar-shaped controller designed uniquely for the game. Specifically, the Guitar Hero controller was designed with five color-coded "fret" buttons and a "strum bar". Guitar Hero became largely successful, both critically and commercially, resulting in the well-received 2006 sequel Guitar Hero II, also developed by Harmonix.

Purchase by Viacom
In the early part of 2006, Activision acquired RedOctane, and several publishers became interested in acquiring Harmonix. In September 2006, MTV Networks, a division of media conglomerate Viacom, announced that it was acquiring Harmonix on behalf of MTV Networks for $175 million. Harmonix's last Guitar Hero game for RedOctane, Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s, was released in July 2007, thus fulfilling their contractual obligations with the publisher. Before they left the series, Harmonix had already envisioned expanding the gameplay of Guitar Hero to multiple instruments, a concept that would eventually lead to Rock Band that would develop under MTV. Shortly after the acquisition by MTV in December 2006, the initial discussion between Dhani Harrison, son of George Harrison, and MTV President Van Toffler occurred that would eventually lead to meetings between Harmonix and Apple Corps, Ltd., leading to the creation of The Beatles: Rock Band, though this was not publicly revealed until late 2008.

Harmonix released Rock Band in November 2007. As Harmonix's first game as a part of MTV, Rock Band expanded upon the design of Guitar Hero by incorporating three different peripherals: guitar/bass, microphone, and drums. Harmonix continued to support the game after its initial release by offering a variety of downloadable songs to PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 players on a weekly basis. As of March 2013 over 4,000 songs have been made available as downloadable content, with over 100 million songs downloaded.

In October 2008, Harmonix, along with MTV Games, announced an exclusive agreement with Apple Corps, Ltd. to produce a standalone title based on the Rock Band premise and featuring the music of The Beatles, to be released late in 2009. The Beatles: Rock Band features a visual and musical history of the Beatles, and includes 45 songs from their 1962-69 tenure with EMI, using United Kingdom-released versions of their albums Please Please Me through Abbey Road. The developers have worked with Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr to gain input on the game, and were using Giles Martin, son of Sir George Martin who produced most of the Beatles albums, as music director for the game. Harmonix stated, despite building on the Rock Band gameplay, this would not be a Rock Band branded title, and that the songs would not be available as downloadable content for the Rock Band series. The agreement had been in discussion for more than 17 months before the announcement.

In November 2008, Viacom paid Harmonix a $150 million bonus as part of the terms of the company's 2006 acquisition. The previous quarter's bonus was $150 million. In a 2009 survey of the best places to work in the Boston area, the Boston Globe ranked Harmonix as the 3rd best workplace overall, and the top mid-size business in its poll.

On 10 December 2009, Harmonix laid off 39 of its employees, primarily in the QA department.

Sale by Viacom
On 11 November 2010, Viacom stated that it was in talks with potential buyers for Harmonix, having already marked the unit as a discontinued operation to write off a $299 million loss for its 2010 third-quarter earnings statement. Such talks had been in place since September 2010, before the release of either Rock Band 3 or Dance Central. Viacom president and CEO, Philippe Dauman, stated the reason they were selling the company was to refocus Viacom as an entertainment creator, and that "the console games business requires expertise [Viacom doesn't] have". Viacom also recognized that without dedicated resources to support video game development, the company was not able to take advantage of efficiencies the dedicated video game publishers have. Martin Peers of the Wall Street Journal noted that Viacom lacked the physical distribution channels that other entertainment companies like Time Warner have, and instead were forced to rely on Electronic Arts to distribute the game and cut into their potential profits. Industry analyst Michael Pachter suggested that while Rock Band 3 and Dance Central would generate significant revenue in 2010 holiday sales, Viacom likely made the move to sell Harmonix while the developers were doing well and in the news. Electronic Arts CEO John Riccitiello, commenting on the potential purchase of Harmonix by his company, called Harmonix a "falling knife" in regards to the diminishing size of the rhythm game market since 2009, and stated that "more people have been cut trying to catch falling knives than have benefited from getting the timing exactly right". John Drake of Harmonix affirmed that Viacom would continue to support Harmonix until the sale is complete, and the developer would still continue their normal operations for their games which is unaffected by the sale.

In late December 2010, Viacom announced that it had sold Harmonix to Harmonix-SBE Holdings LLC, a holding company for the family office of investor Jason Epstein. Epstein is a senior managing partner at investment firm Columbus Nova, though the buy-out of Harmonix was conducted by Epstein personally, and not Columbus Nova. The terms of the sale were undisclosed, though estimated at $200 million. This sale returned Harmonix to its origins as an independent developer. The resulting sale did not affect present or future support plans for Harmonix' games; Harmonix retained the intellectual property rights for Rock Band and Dance Central in the sale, allowing Harmonix Music Systems to continue to develop these series. According to Peter Kafka of the Wall Street Journal, the sale of Harmonix was heavily discounted, possibly as low as fifty dollars, the equivalent of a fire sale and allowing Viacom to claim certain tax benefits; meanwhile, the new independent owners would assume all ongoing liability for Harmonix' projects, including music licensing fees and unsold inventory. Viacom later affirmed that they received nearly $115 million in tax benefits from the Harmonix sale. Following the purchase, Harmonix underwent a restructuring in February 2011, laying off about 12-15% of the 240-person staff. Shortly after this, Activision announced it was shuttering its Guitar Hero division and cancelling planned games for 2011, which many journalists considered to mark the end of the rhythm game genre; Harmonix's Director of Communications, John Drake, in response to this closure, called the news "discouraging", but affirmed that Harmonix would continue to invest itself in further Rock Band and Dance Central developments for the foreseeable future.

While Viacom sought a buyer for Harmonix, shareholders of Harmonix, including founders Rigopulos and Egozy, filed a lawsuit against Viacom, alleging misconduct in providing performance payouts in line with the terms of the purchase of Harmonix by Viacom. Harmonix' suit contests that while Viacom had paid Harmonix $150 million for success of the Rock Band series in 2007, the shareholders are due a substantially larger sum for continued success in 2008, as determined by their proxy, Walter Winshall. Viacom countered the claims, stating that Winshall rejected various offers made by Viacom for the payout. The lawsuit also contends that Viacom has withheld $13 million in payouts from 2007, which Viacom had claimed at the time were to cover potential losses in patent lawsuits that were initiated against Harmonix by Activision and Gibson which have since been settled out of court. Viacom has stated it would "vigorously" defend itself in this lawsuit, and initiated a counter-suit in September 2011, suing Harmonix for $131 million believing the $150 million payout was overcalculated. In late 2011, BDO USA, the contract-assigned arbitrator on the matter, concluded that Viacom owed $383 million to Harmonix in addition to the money already paid out, a total of $708 million when combined with the initial purchase by Viacom and initial $150 million advance payment in 2007. Viacom disputed this figure, claiming that BDO's report excluded specific evidence supplied by Viacom.

Of the $383 million owed to Harmonix, Viacom agreed to pay $84 million in part to settle the 2007 payments, leaving the dispute for the 2008 payments in court. In August 2012, the Delaware Court of Chancery dismissed Viacom's claims, and ordered the company to pay Harmonix the remaining $299 million, though Viacom stated that it was seeking what further options it had. Viacom appealed the decision, but the previous judgement was upheld by the Delaware Supreme Court in July 2013.

As an independent developer
Approximately 6 to 9 months after its sale from Viacom, Harmonix started to grow again, boosted by sales of Dance Central which led to the development of its sequel Dance Central 2 in late 2011. By mid-2011, the company began developing new IP in both the mobile and social game markets, and began rehiring to aid in the development of these games. Continued support of the Rock Band franchise has remained a "meaningful source of profitability" to Harmonix through 2011, according to Rigopulos. Bloomberg then projected that Harmonix would post $100 million in profit in 2011, based on sales of Dance Central and continued downloadable content for the game.

At the onset of the 2013 E3 conference, Harmonix announced that its next title would be the Kinect-enabled Fantasia: Music Evolved produced in association with Disney Interactive. The game is based around the animated film Fantasia, and puts the player in control of music in a manner similar to Harmonix' previous rhythm games, affecting the virtual environment and interactive objects within it. The game is based on licensed contemporary rock music such as Queen and Bruno Mars.

In February 2014, Harmonix announced a new title, Chroma, co-developed with Hidden Path Entertainment, which combines their music genre experience with first-person shooters. The players' actions are timed to the music in the game, influencing their effect with certain actions like gunfire, grenade explosions, and team healing. Chroma was planned for release in late 2014 on Microsoft Windows systems via Steam.

In May 2014, along with about 37 layoffs, Alex Rigopulos stepped aside from CEO to become the company's chief creative officer, while Steve Janiak would take over as CEO.

In March 2015, Harmonix announced their plan to return to Rock Band with the next major title in the series, Rock Band 4. The new title, aimed to support backwards compatibility with all previous songs and instrument hardware, was aimed to be more of a platform for the eighth-generation consoles, the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, as they have no plans to release another standalone title during this console generation but would continually provide free and paid features and content updates throughout its lifetime. Harmonix had $15 million in investor funding from Spark Capital and Foundry Group to support Rock Band 4, Amplitude and additional projects going forward including virtual reality-based games.

In September 2015, Rigopulos announced that he would go to the advisory board for the crowdfunding site Fig, through which Harmonix would obtain funding for its next, yet-announced game. On 1 March 2016, Harmonix confirmed that the campaign was indeed to raise funds to port Rock Band 4 to the PC, but gamers would only have until 5 April to pledge US$1.5 million to make it happen. The campaign was unsuccessful raising a total of $792,817.

Harmonix and NCSoft announced a publishing deal in August 2018 for an unspecified title developed by Harmonix and published by NCSoft across personal computers and console systems. This was revealed in February 2020 as Fuser, a DJ-inspired title to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch in late 2020. Players, as a DJ, interactively mix tracks of popular licensed songs alongside specific rules as they appear on screen.

Purchase by Epic Games

Harmonix was acquired by Epic Games in November 2021. Harmonix stated that this does not affect their continued support for Rock Band 4 or Fuser DLC. The company also stated it would develop "musical journeys and gameplay for Fortnite" in addition to making musical projects in the metaverse.

Games developed

References

External links

 Games people play, Harmonix profile by Camille Dodero, May 2005

American companies established in 1995
Companies based in Boston
Video game companies established in 1995
Former Viacom subsidiaries
Software companies based in Massachusetts
Video game companies of the United States
Video game development companies
1995 establishments in Massachusetts
2006 mergers and acquisitions
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Epic Games
Spike Video Game Award winners

Harmonix


I matrimoni in ballo (Los matrimonios en el baile) es una farsa per musica en un acto con música de Domenico Cimarosa y libreto en italiano de Pasquale Mililotti. Se estrenó en el Teatro Nuovo de Nápoles, Italia en el carnaval de 1776. Fue posteriormente repuesta con el título de La baronessa stramba en el mismo teatro diez años después.

La única representación (y grabación) en tiempos modernos fue en Nápoles el 30 de septiembre de 1958 con interpretación de la Orchestra dell'associazione Alessandro Scarlatti bajo la dirección de Franco Caracciolo. En esta ocasión se representó con el título de La baronessa stramba.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Óperas de Domenico Cimarosa
Óperas de 1776
Óperas en italiano
Óperas estrenadas en Nápoles

I matrimoni in ballo


ගුණපාල වික්‍රමරත්න  (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Gunapala Wickramaratne) යනු හිටපු විභාග කොමසාරිස් වරයෙක් සහ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලය, කොළඹ හිටපු විදුහල්පති (1964-1969).

ජීවන සටහන්
ගුණපාල වික්‍රමරත්නයන් රාහුල විද්‍යාලය මාතර ආදි ශිෂ්‍යයෙකි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 උත්තම ගුරු පූජා

 රාහුල පුත් ගුණපාල වික්‍රමරත්නට අනුවයි

 අධ්‍යාපනයේ මෙහෙවර නිම වූ විශිෂ්ටයන්ට සේවා ප්‍රණාම

 නාලන්දා විදුහලේ අභිමානවත් ගමන් මඟ

 Nalanda retired teachers association

 Past Principals of Nalanda

 Nalanda and HFC squash champions

චරිත කතා
ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ලාංකික සිංහලයෝ
කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයීය, පීඨය

ගුණපාල වික්‍රමරත්න


Sabri Dino (1 Ocak 1942, İstanbul - 14 Ocak 1990, İstanbul), Türk eski millî futbolcudur. Beşiktaş'ın 10 sezon kalesini korumuştur ve Beşiktaş Kulübü tarafından efsane futbolcular arasında gösterilmektedir. Dünyaca ünlü sıradışı ressam Abidin Dino'nun yeğenidir.

Kulüp kariyeri
Futbola 14 yaşında İstanbul Tarabya takımında başladı. Buradan Galatasaray altyapısına geçti ve kısa bir zaman sarı-kırmızılı genç takımda oynadıktan sonra da askerlik görevine başladı. Denizgücü Takımı ile amatör kümede oynarken adını duyurdu. Vatani görevi biter bitmez ise Beyoğluspor ile anlaştı ve bu köklü kulübün kalesini korumaya başladı.

1964 yılında Beşiktaş ile Fenerbahçe'nin girdiği transfer mücadelesi sonunda Beşiktaş'a transfer oldu. 1966-67 sezonuna kadar Necmi Mutlu'nun yedeği olarak sahaya çıkan Sabri Dino, bu sezonda Beşiktaş kalesini devraldı. Tam 12 yıl süren Beşiktaş'taki görev süresince, Karakartal'ın kalesinde 288 defa yer aldı ve klasını kanıtlarken centilmenliği ile de "örnek sporcu" sıfatını kazandı. Öncelikle bir kaleci için gerekli olan uzun boyu, hava toplarına olan hakimiyeti, iyi yer tutuşu, blokajları ve kritik pozisyonlardaki ani kararları ile "modern kaleci" profili çizdi. Beşiktaş'ta kaptanlık gururunu da yaşadı. Çok sevildi ve saygı gördü ama Beşiktaş futbolunun 1968 ile 1981 yılları arasındaki 14 yıl süren krizli döneminin bir bölümünde o da yer aldığı için, doya doya şampiyonluk sevinçleri yaşayamamıştır. Siyah-Beyaz forma ile 1965-66 ve 1966-67 Türkiye Ligi şampiyonlukları, ayrıca Türkiye Kupası, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası ve Türkiye Spor Yazarları Derneği Kupası birincilikleri elde etti.

1975 yılına kadar Beşiktaş'ta 194 lig maçına çıktı. 1965-66 ve 1966-67 sezonlarindaki lig şampiyonluklarında kadroda yer alan Sabri Dino, Necmi Mutlu'dan sonra Beşiktaş'ın kalesini en çok koruyan isim unvanını da halen elinde bulunduruyor.

Millî takım kariyeri
19 kez A millî takımın kalesini korudu. Özellikle 13 Ocak 1973'te Napoli'deki Dünya Kupası grup eleme maçının kahramanı olarak anıldı. Bu maçta İtalya millî takımının yıldızlarına gol şansı vermeyen Dino, maçın 0-0 berabere bitmesinde başrolü oynadı.

Başarıları

Kulüp takım
 Beşiktaş (6 Kupa)
 Süper Lig (2): 1966, 1967
 Türkiye Kupası (1): 1975
 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası (2): 1967, 1974
 Başbakanlık Kupası (1): 1974

Millî takım
 Türkiye (2 Kupa)
 RCD Kupası (2): 1969, 1974

Futbol sonrası

Futbolu bıraktıktan sonra tekstil sektörüne giren ve kendi ismini taşıyan markasıyla erkek gömleğinde bir isim haline gelen Sabri Dino, ekonomik sıkıntılar sonucu bunalıma girmiş ve 14 Ocak 1990 günü Boğaziçi Köprüsü'nden atlayarak intihar etmiştir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1942 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu futbolcular
1990 yılında ölenler
Türk erkek futbolcular
Resim aranan futbolcular
Beşiktaş JK futbolcuları
Galatasaray SK futbolcuları
Beyoğluspor futbolcuları
İntihar eden futbolcular
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Süper Lig futbolcuları
1. Lig futbolcuları
Türkiye'de intihar edenler
Türkiye 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 18 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Boğularak ölenler
Kaleci futbolcular

Sabri Dino


Gustavus Green ( Hounslow, Inglaterra —  Twickenham, Inglaterra), foi um engenheiro britânico que fez contribuições significativas para o projeto dos primeiros motores de aeronaves.

Biografia e carreira
Gustavus Green abriu uma fábrica de bicicletas em Bexhill-on-Sea no final da década de 1890 onde realizou trabalhos de engenharia leve nos arredores de Sussex, mantendo um escritório em Londres. Em 1904, Green trabalhou em patentes de automóveis e bicicletas, projetando e construindo motocicletas e motores, incluindo um carro de quatro cilindros de 26-30 HP que foi exibido em forma de chassi no salão do automóvel de 1906. As características desse motor chamaram a atenção do chefe da "Army Balloon Factory" em Farnborough, o Coronel Capper, que convidou Green para projetar uma versão do motor especificamente desenvolvida para uso no dirigível Nulli Secundus.

Em 1905 ele fundou a "Green Engine Co." para produzi-los. Os primeiros motores Green foram usados pelos pioneiros da aviação britânica como Alliott Verdon Roe e Samuel Cody, mas seus motores posteriores eram muito pesados para as aeronaves da época. Eles foram usados nos chamados "Coastal Motor Boat" (CMB) durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial.

O motor era um V-8 de 80 cv e um contrato foi assinado em 1908, embora o motor tenha sido transferido para um segundo dirigível, o Gamma, antes que o original fosse concluído, sendo este o primeiro dirigível britânico a voar movido por um motor britânico.

Em 1909, Green recebeu um prêmio de £ 1.000 do governo britânico por seu trabalho em motores aeronáuticos, e recebeu outro prêmio de £ 5.000 em 1914.

Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, Green envolveu-se no desenvolvimento do conceito de "deck flexível" para porta-aviões. Suas idéias para tal deck culminaram no pouso bem-sucedido de um de Havilland Sea Vampire, pilotado por Eric "Winkle" Brown, em um deck experimental de borracha instalado no HMS Warrior.

Green se tornou um "companheiro honorário" da "Royal Aeronautical Society" em 1958. Ele morreu em dezembro de 1964, em sua casa em Twickenham, apenas alguns meses antes do que teria sido seu 100º aniversário.

Ver também
 Green C.4

Nascidos em 1865
Mortos em 1964
Engenheiros aeroespaciais da Inglaterra

Gustavus Green


Republika Hrvatska i Sjedinjene Američke Države održavaju diplomatske odnose od 11. kolovoza 1992. Sjedište veleposlanstva je u Washingtonu.

Veleposlanici
Veleposlanstvo Republike Hrvatske u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama osnovano je odlukom predsjednika Republike od 24. studenoga 1992.

Vidi još
Ministarstvo vanjskih i europskih poslova Republike Hrvatske

Vanjske poveznice
 Sjedinjene Američke Države na stranici MVEP-a

Izvori

Sjedinjene Američke Države
Hrvatsko-američki odnosi

Popis hrvatskih veleposlanika u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama


Kvæðið um stormfuglinn er stutt baráttuljóð frá árinu 1901 eftir rússneska rithöfundinn Maxim Gorki. Kvæðið hefur verið þýtt á íslensku af Jóhannesi úr Kötlum.

Heimild
 Stormfuglinn, Maxim Gorki,  Réttur - 3.-4. Hefti - (01.06.1955)

Kvæðið um stormfuglinn


Novak (engleski The Rookie) američka je televizijska serija iz 2018. godine.

Autor serije je Alexi Hawley koji ju je stvorio na temelju istinitih događaja, serija prati Johna Nolana, četrdesetpetogodišnjeg muškarca, koji postaje najstariji novak u policiji Los Angelesa. Glumac Nathan Fillion, tijekom jednog intervjua, rekao je da je televizijska serija inspirirana pričom o Billu Norcrossu

Serija se prikazuje na ABC-u od 16. listopada 2018., dok u Hrvatskoj se prikazuje premijerno na AXN Spin-u od 27. ožujka 2019.

U travnju 2023. ABC je u obnovio seriju za šestu sezonu.

Radnja
Serija prati Johna Nolana, nedavno razvedenog 45-godišnjaka koji posjeduje građevinsku tvrtku i otac je studenta. John, nakon što je nehotice pomogao policiji tijekom pljačke banke u Foxburgu, seli se iz Pennsylvanije u Los Angeles kako bi ostvario svoj san da postane policajac policijske uprave Los Angelesa. Nakon što je diplomirao na policijskoj akademiji i postao najstariji policajac koji je ušao u službu, mora se snaći u opasnom, duhovitom i nepredvidljivom svijetu policajca.

Glumačka postava

Glavni likovi
 Nathan Fillion kao John Nolan, najstariji novak (Policajac III)
 Alyssa Diaz kao Angela Lopez, LAPD detektiv (Detektiv I)
 Richard T. Jones kao Wade Grey, narednik (Narednik II)
 Melissa O'Neil kao Lucy Chen: novak (Policajac II)
 Eric Winter kao Tim Bradford: časnik za obuku (Policajac III / Narednik I).
 Mekia Cox kao Nyla Harper, Nolanov novi časnik za obuku (Policijski detektiv I) (sezona  2 – u tijeku)
 Shawn Ashmore kao Wesley Evers, branitelj, koji izlazi sa Lopez (sezona 3 – u tijeku; sporedni sezona 1–2)
 Jenna Dewan kao Bailey Nune, vatrogasac, Nolanova djevojka (sezona 4 – u tijeku; gost sezona 3)
 Tru Valentino kao Aaron Thorsen, novi novak (Policajac I) (sezona 5; sporedni sezona 4)

Bivši likovi
 Afton Williamson kao Talia Bishop, novi službenik za obuku (Policajac III) (sezona 1)
 Mercedes Mason kao Zoe Andersen, Nolanov zapovjednik (sezona 1; gost sezona 3)
 Titus Makin Jr. kao Jackson West, novak (Policajac II)  (sezona 1–3)

Epizode
Peta sezona u Hrvatskoj se premijerno prikazuje na AXN-u od 1. svibnja 2023.

Produkcija
U listopadu 2017., kada je serija naručena, Nathan Fillion dobio je ulogu Johna Nolana. Dana 7. veljače 2018. Afton Williamson i Eric Winter dobili su ulogu Talie Bishop, odnosno Tima Bradforda. Ubrzo nakon toga odabrani su Melissa O'Neil kao Lucy, Richard T. Jones kao narednik Wade Gray, Titus Makin kao Jackson West, Alyssa Diaz kao Angela, i Mercedes Mason kao kapetan zoe Andersen.

U siječnju 2018. godine Liz Friedlander potpisala je režiju i proizvodnju pilot epizode. Produkcija pilot epizode započela je 7. ožujka 2018., snimanjem u Los Angelesu, Oxnardu, Burbanku i New Yorku.

Serija je 10. svibnja 2019. obnovljena je za drugu sezonu. U svibnju 2020. godine ABC je obnovio seriju za treću sezonu, koja je premijerno prikazana 3. siječnja 2021.

15. svibnja 2021. ABC je obnovio seriju za četvrtu sezonu. Dana 30. ožujka 2022. serija je također obnovljena za petu sezonu. U travnju 2023. ABC je u obnovio seriju za šestu sezonu.

Spinoff
ABC je 8. veljače 2022., naručio pilot epizodu za spinoff seriju usredotočenu na pedesetogodišnju FBI novakinju s glumicom Niecy Nash u glavnoj ulozi. Pilot epizoda predstavljena je kao backdoor pilot u 19. i 20. epizodi četvrte sezone Novaka. Glumačka ekipa serije uključuje Kat Foster, Felixa Solisa i Frankieja Faisona. Spin-off serija naručena je 13. svibnja 2022. pod naslovom The Rookie: Feds.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
  na abc.com

Američke serije
Kriminalističke serije
Dramske serije

Novak (televizijska serija)


"The Imperial March (Darth Vader's Theme)" is a musical theme present in the Star Wars franchise. It was composed by John Williams for the film The Empire Strikes Back. Together with "Yoda's Theme", "The Imperial March" was premiered on April 29, 1980, three weeks before the opening of the film, on the occasion of John Williams' first concert as official conductor-in-residence of the Boston Pops Orchestra. One of the best known symphonic movie themes, it is used as a leitmotif throughout the Star Wars franchise.

Use in Star Wars
"The Imperial March" is sometimes referred to simply as "Darth Vader's Theme." In the movies (except for the original Star Wars), the march is often played when Darth Vader appears. It is also played during Darth Sidious's arrival on the Death Star in Return of the Jedi, though it does segue into the Emperor's own theme as he appears.

Original trilogy
"The Imperial March" is first heard in The Empire Strikes Back in low piccolos as the Galactic Empire sends probe droids across the galaxy in search of Luke Skywalker. Its major opening occurs as Imperial-class Star Destroyers amass and Darth Vader is first presented in the film, 19 minutes into the movie. The theme and related motifs are also incorporated into tracks such as "The Battle of Hoth" during the eponymous battle, "The Asteroid Field" during the chase sequence involving the Millennium Falcon, and "The Clash of Lightsabers" during Luke and Vader's duel on Cloud City over Bespin. Return of the Jedi makes similar use of the theme, though its final statement is significantly different, making quiet use of a harp as a redeemed Anakin Skywalker dies in his son's arms.

Prequel trilogy
"The Imperial March" appears on a few occasions in the prequel trilogy, most often used to foreshadow Anakin Skywalker's future as Darth Vader. An innocent theme for the nine-year-old Anakin in The Phantom Menace at 1H10  is thematically based on "The Imperial March." "The Imperial March" is also heard towards the end, as Yoda acknowledges Anakin as Obi-Wan's apprentice in saying "The Chosen One, the boy may be. Nevertheless, grave danger I fear in his training" at 2H06. It is also heard softly at the end of the final credit roll, where it fades into the character's signature breathing, showing that the rest of the prequel trilogy will reveal how Anakin became Darth Vader. In the second prequel,  Attack of the Clones, "The Imperial March" is sometimes played subtly when an event foreshadows Anakin's future: It is first played when Yoda senses Anakin slaughtering a tribe of Tusken Raiders to avenge his mother's death and later with more force when Anakin tells Padmé Amidala what he did. It is played most prominently and recognizably during the final sequence when clone troopers assemble and depart Coruscant, foreshadowing the end of the Republic. Although "Across the Stars" is featured most prominently in the film's end credits, several notes from "The Imperial March" are heard beneath it near the end.

In Revenge of the Sith "The Imperial March" is first played when Anakin rebukes the Jedi Council for denying him the rank of Jedi Master, although appointing him to the Council at 0H37. The track can also be heard when Anakin tells Mace Windu about Palpatine's true identity, Darth Sidious. It is later played when Anakin is dubbed as the Sith Darth Vader, shortly after the death of Mace Windu. "The Imperial March" is quoted when clone troopers find dead Wookiees on Kashyyyk and when Padmé confronts Anakin on Mustafar. A few notes of the "March" are played when Vader arrives on Mustafar to kill the Separatists. The piece is played more clearly during the "Battle of the Heroes" scene between Obi-Wan and Darth Vader at the movie's climax and in the simultaneous battle between Yoda and Sidious, as a rearrangement of the version heard in "The Clash of Lightsabers" from The Empire Strikes Back. It is also played when Darth Vader receives his armor at 2H06 and when he looks up at the first Death Star with Sidious at 2H11.

Sequel trilogy
In the 2015 Star Wars: The Force Awakens, two bars from the brass motif of "The Imperial March" are played after antagonist Kylo Ren regards the charred remains of Darth Vader's helmet, vowing to finally succeed where the Galactic Empire failed. In the 2017 Star Wars: The Last Jedi, the track was briefly played after Supreme Leader Snoke compares antagonist Kylo Ren to Darth Vader, saying he saw the potential of "A new Vader." In the 2019 Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker the track is present in the scenes where the mask of Darth Vader is shown, when Darth Sidious first reveals the Final Order, a massive armada of Xyston-class Star Destroyers built by the Sith Eternal, to Kylo Ren, when Rey seeks Sidious' Sith wayfinder in the Death Star's wreckage, and when a Sith Star Destroyer arrives to destroy Kijimi.

Star Wars Anthology
Trailers for Rogue One: A Star Wars Story featured the track prominently; the first notes of "The Imperial March" can be heard at the end of the trailer as the letters turn to reveal the name of the upcoming movie. Prior to this, Darth Vader can be heard breathing and his appearance is seen as a reflection on the floor. In the film proper, scored by Michael Giacchino, the theme can be heard when Vader emerges from his sanctum to confer with Director Orson Krennic, and again after Vader warns Krennic about overstepping his bounds. The theme can be heard once more when Vader attacks the Rebel soldiers trapped in a hallway; it is slowed down enough not to be obvious and joined with a chorus reminiscent of that from Revenge of the Sith. The theme is finally heard outright when Vader witnesses the Tantive IV fleeing into hyperspace.

The track appears early in Solo: A Star Wars Story, transposed into a major key, as diegetic music in the Corellia spaceport as part of a commercial encouraging viewers to join the Imperial Navy, encouraging Han Solo to enlist as his ticket off the planet. This brief appearance marks the first and thus-far only in-universe appearance of "The Imperial March" in a theatrical film.

Star Wars: The Clone Wars
"The Imperial March" has influence in short but dark moments revolving around Anakin. For example, in episode 62, "Citadel Rescue," Anakin and Captain Wilhuff Tarkin both mention during their escape their good relationship with the Supreme Chancellor Palpatine. Anakin shakes hands with Tarkin at the end of the episode, while Tarkin says he will inform the Chancellor of Anakin's good performance. During that handshake, a hint is to be heard in the music referring to "The Imperial March." Other episodes that feature the theme include "Brain Invaders" (when Anakin strangles Poggle), "Voyage of Temptation" (when Anakin kills Merrik), "Overlords" (multiple times), "Ghosts of Mortis" (multiple times), "Kidnapped" (when Obi-Wan talks with Anakin and then Ahsoka), "Deception" (multiple times) and "Friends and Enemies" (multiple times), "Crisis on Naboo" (when Anakin argues with Obi-Wan), "The Lawless" (during Darth Sidious scenes), and "The Jedi Who Knew Too Much" (multiple times). The theme is used prominently during the sixth season.

Star Wars Rebels
In "Empire Day," the episode's title referring to the Empire's anniversary, "The Imperial Anthem" arrangement of "The Imperial March," is heard during the parade. The march is also heard in "Call to Action" when Grand Moff Tarkin arrives on Lothal, in the final scene of "Fire Across the Galaxy" when Darth Vader arrives on Lothal, and in multiple scenes in "The Siege of Lothal."

Obi-Wan Kenobi
In Obi-Wan Kenobi, the march is heard in "Part VI" after Darth Vader's contact with Darth Sidious.

Uses outside Star Wars

Rush Limbaugh used the song for his "Gorbasm" updates on Mikhail Gorbachev.
In January 2003, during Super Bowl XXXVII, ABC Sports took to using "The Imperial March" as a leitmotif for the Oakland Raiders.
In 2012, Volkswagen released a commercial for Super Bowl XLVI, featuring several dogs barking to the tune of "The Imperial March."
Shortly before the Scottish independence referendum, a pro-independence campaigner rode a rickshaw alongside a group of anti-independence Labour party politicians, who had travelled by train from London to Glasgow for a highly publicized visit, as they paraded through the center of the city, playing the Imperial March and announcing to Glaswegians: "Your Imperial Masters have arrived. Bow down before your Imperial Masters!"
The main part of the song can be heard during Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra.
Protesters in US and Europe have played The Imperial March in coincidence with interventions by the police to cast it as belonging to the dark side.

Inspiration and influences
"The Imperial March" took inspiration and stylistic influences from Chopin's Marche funèbre and English composer Gustav Holst's Opus 32, The Planets, written between 1914 and 1917, and Grande Marche de Medjidie by August Ritter Von Adelburg.

See also
"Duel of the Fates"

References

External links

Film theme songs
Star Wars film music
March music
Songs written for films
Instrumentals
Compositions by John Williams
Compositions for symphony orchestra
Concert band pieces
1980 compositions

The Imperial March


Colin T. Trevorrow (født 13. september 1976 i San Francisco) er en amerikansk filminstruktør og manuskriptforfatter. Han indledte sin karriere i 2002 med at skrive og instruere kortfilmen Home Base, der ti år efter var blevet set over 20 mio. gange på internettet. I 2012 fik han et gennembrud som instruktør på spillefilmen Safety Not Guaranteed om en tidsrejse. I 2015 instruerede han blockbuster-filmen Jurassic World efter et manuskript af ham selv og Derek Connolly. De har også skrevet manuskript til efterfølgeren Jurassic World 2, der er sat til at få premiere i 2018, og som Colin Trevorrow desuden vil være producent på sammen med Steven Spielberg. Colin Trevorrow skulle desuden have været instruktør på science fiction-filmen Star Wars Episode IX, der er sat til at få premiere i 2019, men han forlod projektet i 2017 som følge af kreative uoverensstemmelser.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Filminstruktører fra USA
Manuskriptforfattere fra USA
Personer fra San Francisco

Colin Trevorrow


Der Trian ist ein Fluss in Frankreich, der im Département Cher in der Region Centre-Val de Loire verläuft. Er entspringt beim Weiler La Vève im Gemeindegebiet von Marçais, entwässert in mehreren großen Schleifen generell in Richtung Nordwest und mündet nach rund 29 Kilometern beim Weiler Aiguemorte im Gemeindegebiet von Venesmes als linker Nebenfluss in den Cher.

Orte am Fluss
 Morlac
 Chambon
 Saint-Symphorien

Anmerkungen

Trian


Larrabee Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Larrabee Township (Kansas)
 Larrabee Township (North Dakota)

Larrabee Township


Matthias Hoch (* 1958 in Radebeul) ist ein deutscher bildender Künstler und Fotograf.

Leben
Matthias Hoch studierte von 1983 bis 1988 Fotografie an der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig. Nach einem DAAD-Studienaufenthalt an der Universität Essen (1990) und einem Meisterschülerstudium an der HGB Leipzig (1991–92) lehrte er von 1993 bis 1998 als künstlerischer Assistent an der HGB Leipzig. 2003 erhielt er ein Stipendium der Deutschen Akademie Villa Massimo in Rom, 2013 ein Stipendium des Goethe-Instituts für die Villa Kamogawa in Kyoto und 2018/2019 ein Stipendium der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für einen halbjährlichen Aufenthalt in der Cité Internationale des Arts Paris. Er lebt in Leipzig.

Werk und Rezeption
Bekannt wurde Matthias Hoch mit Farbfotografien der Werkgruppe "Bahnhöfe", die 1988 in Ostberlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Halle und anderen Städten der damaligen DDR entstand. Bilder dieser Serie wurden zwischen 1992 und 1999 in der Wanderausstellung "Zustandsberichte. Deutsche Fotografie der 50er bis 80er Jahre in Ost und West" vom Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen in insgesamt 17 Ländern gezeigt. Sie befinden sich u. a. in den Sammlungen der Berlinischen Galerie, des Museums der bildenden Künste Leipzig, der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden sowie der Pinakothek der Moderne, München. Wie der Kurator und Publizist Harald Kunde schreibt, "erzählen die nahezu menschenleeren Lokalitäten über ihre Form, ihre Farbgebung, ihr verordnetes Design und die Spuren ihrer Nutzung geradezu zwanghaft die Geschichte eines untergehenden Staates."

In den 1990er Jahren realisierte Matthias Hoch fotografische Serien, die sich mit dem Reichstagsgebäude Berlin, dem Universitätsklinikum Aachen sowie neu erbauten Logistikzentren in Ostdeutschland beschäftigten. Es folgten Werkgruppen über moderne funktionale Architektur, die in Paris, Brüssel und den Niederlanden entstanden. Das Kunstmagazin art beschreibt Hoch's Fotografien als "sparsame und irritierende Kommentare zu zeitgenössischer Urbanität", für die FAZ sind sie "adäquate Bilder für die postindustrielle Gesellschaft".

Während des einjährigen Rom-Aufenthaltes 2003 entstanden neben großformatigen Bildern auch fotografische "Skizzen", die in Ingo Schulzes Erzählband "Orangen und Engel" 2010 veröffentlicht wurden. Diese 48 Fotografien spiegeln, wie die Märkische Allgemeine schreibt, "auf wunderbar beiläufige Art das unmittelbare Nebeneinander von Banalem und Erhabenen wider", "Bild und Text fügen sich zu einem subtilen Dialog." (NZZ)

Für seine Arbeit über die verlassene Konzernzentrale der Dresdner Bank in Frankfurt am Main ("Silver Tower, 2009-11") wurde Hoch mit einem Arbeitsstipendium der Kulturstiftung des Freistaates Sachsen gefördert.

In zeitgleichen Präsentationen im Fotohof Salzburg und in der Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig stellte Matthias Hoch im Sommer 2016 seine Arbeit über die Transformation eines ehemaligen Salzburger Luxushotels vor ("Hotel Kobenzl, 2014-16"). Der 3sat-Kulturzeit-Moderator Ernst A. Grandits beschrieb die Bilder so: "Matthias Hoch's Fotografien machen das Vergehen der Zeit sichtbar. Sie sind poetische Zeugnisse eines scheinbar unaufhaltsamen Wandels, im Kleinen wie im Großen."

Von 2017 bis 2020 unternahm Matthias Hoch eine visuelle Erkundung des halbfertigen, noch funktionslosen Hauptstadtflughafens Berlin Brandenburg (BER) und präsentierte 2021 die entstandenen Fotografien, eine Videoinstallation sowie einen Bildband.  "Der Fotograf Matthias Hoch nimmt am Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg Bilder auf, denen man nicht ansieht, ob sie Aufbau oder Abriss zeigen." (FAZ)

Einzelausstellungen (Auswahl)
 2000: Matthias Hoch, Fotografien, Städtische Galerie Wolfsburg
 2000: Matthias Hoch, Fotografien, Oldenburger Kunstverein
 2002: Matthias Hoch, Fotografien aus der Sammlung Bernd F. Künne, Kunsthalle Bremen
 2005: Matthias Hoch, Fotografie und Video, Lindenau-Museum, Altenburg
 2006: Matthias Hoch, Fotografie, Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst, Aachen
 2006: Matthias Hoch, Studio d'Arte Contemporanea Pino Casagrande, Rom
 2006: Matthias Hoch, Fotografien, Leonhardi-Museum, Dresden
 2010: Matthias Hoch, Silver Tower, Galerie Nordenhake, Stockholm
 2011: Matthias Hoch, Train Stations & Night, Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco
 2013: Matthias Hoch, Silver Tower, Museum Kurhaus Kleve
 2014: Matthias Hoch, Silver Tower, Kunstmuseum Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen, Magdeburg
 2016: Matthias Hoch, Hotel Kobenzl. Projektion, Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst, Leipzig
 2016: Matthias Hoch, Hotel Kobenzl. Die Geschichte eines Hauses, Fotohof, Salzburg
 2021: Matthias Hoch, BER, Galerie Nordenhake, Berlin
 2021: Matthias Hoch, Stadt. Fotografien 1986-92, Nagel Draxler Kabinett, Berlin
 2022: Matthias Hoch, L'Entracte, Goethe-Institut, Paris

Gruppenausstellungen (Auswahl)
 2000: DAAD - weltwärts, Kunstmuseum Bonn
 2001: Trade, Fotomuseum Winterthur
 2002: East, Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig
 2005: Der Blick auf Dresden, Kunsthalle im Lipsius-Bau, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden
 2006: Picturing Eden, George Eastman House, Rochester
 2007: Foto.Kunst, Essl Museum, Klosterneuburg
 2008: Neue Leipziger Schule, Cobra Museum, Amstelveen/Niederlande
 2008: Von Kunst und Politik - Fotografie in der Sammlung des Deutschen Bundestages. Kunst-Raum des Deutschen Bundestages, Berlin
 2009: Art of Two Germanys/ Cold War Cultures, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA)
 2011: Leipzig. Fotografie seit 1839, Museum der bildenden Künste Leipzig
 2012: Geschlossene Gesellschaft - Künstlerische Fotografie in der DDR 1949-1989, Berlinische Galerie, Berlin
 2013: Schenkung Herbert Lange, Fotografien 1925-2009, Kunstsammlungen Chemnitz
 2013: Concrete - Fotografie und Architektur, Fotomuseum Winterthur
 2013: Weltreise. Kunst aus Deutschland unterwegs, ZKM, Museum für Neue Kunst, Karlsruhe
 2014: The Paths of German Art from 1949 to the present, Moscow Museum of Modern Art (MMOMA), Moskau
 2015: 2.5.0. - Object is Meditation and Poetry, Grassi Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Leipzig
 2016: Interieur x Exterieur, Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst, Aachen
 2017: Viajando pelo Mundo - Arte da Alemanha, Paço Imperial, Rio de Janeiro
 2018: Die Stadt, Kunstsammlungen Zwickau
 2019: Moderne. Ikonografie. Fotografie. Das Bauhaus und die Folgen 1919–2019, Kunstmuseum Magdeburg
 2020: Freischwimmer, Fotografie der Sammlung Viehof und des Museum Kurhaus Kleve, Museum Kurhaus Kleve
 2021: Voyage, voyage, Museum der bildenden Künste Leipzig
 2023: Suddenly Wonderful, Berlinische Galerie, Berlin

Publikationen (Auswahl)
 Matthias Hoch: Speicher. Ausst.-Kat., mit Texten von Michael M. Thoss and Hans Dieter Huber (dt./fr.); Dogenhaus Galerie Leipzig, Goethe-Institut Paris, 1998, ISBN 3-00-003208-8
 Matthias Hoch: Fotografien. Ausst.-Kat., mit einem Text von Tim Dawson (dt./engl.), Städtische Galerie Wolfsburg, Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum, Aachen, 2000, ISBN 3-9806871-2-0
 Matthias Hoch: Begrenzte Übersicht/ Limited Overview. Ausst.-Kat., Städtische Galerie Ravensburg, mit Texten von Thomas Knubben und Michael Stoeber (dt./engl.), Schaden Verlag, Köln 2002, ISBN 3-932187-23-7
 Matthias Hoch: Fotografien/Photographs. Herausgegeben von Jutta Penndorf, Lindenau-Museum Altenburg, mit Texten von Harald Kunde, Thomas Seelig, Sabine Maria Schmidt (dt./engl.), Hatje Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern 2005, ISBN 978-3-7757-1593-5
 Matthias Hoch: Almere Rotterdam Naarden Leipzig. Ausst.-Kat., mit einem Text von Aimée C. Reed (engl.), Hrsg.: Dogenhaus Galerie Leipzig; Galerie Akinci, Amsterdam; Rena Bransten Gallery, San Francisco; Rocket Press, London; 2008, ohne ISBN
 Ingo Schulze: Orangen und Engel, Italienische Skizzen. Mit Fotografien von Matthias Hoch. Berlin Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8270-0916-6; Lizenzausgabe im Deutschen Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv), München 2012, ISBN 978-3-423-14107-9
 Matthias Hoch: Silver Tower. Mit Texten von Harald Kunde (Hrsg.), Andreas Maier und Markus Weisbeck (dt./engl.). Spector Books, Leipzig 2013, ISBN 978-3-944669-01-4
 Matthias Hoch: Hotel Kobenzl. Mit einem Text von Andreas Maier (dt./engl.). Fotohof edition, Salzburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-902993-25-0
 Matthias Hoch: BER. Mit Texten von Kathrin Röggla und Thomas Weski (dt./engl.). Spector Books, Leipzig 2021, ISBN 978-3-95905-439-3

Weblinks
 Website des Künstlers
 Literatur von und über Matthias Hoch im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
 Fotografien von Matthias Hoch in der Sammlung der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden

Einzelnachweise

Fotokünstler
Fotograf (20. Jahrhundert)
Fotograf (21. Jahrhundert)
Bildender Künstler (Leipzig)
Deutscher
DDR-Bürger
Geboren 1958
Mann

Matthias Hoch (Fotograf)


Hantan eller Hantan-gang (engelsk: Hantaan River) er en flod i Sydkorea nær grænsen til Nordkorea. Den går gennem Gangwon-provinsen og Gyeonggi-provisen. Det er en biflod til floden Imjin, som udmunder i Han-floden, som ender ved det Gule Hav. Hantan er en populær lokalitet for rafting.

Historie
I 1950 under Koreakrigen fik mere end 3.000 amerikanske soldater svær feber mens de befandt sig i området omkring Hantan. I 1977 var den sydkoreanske læge Lee Ho-wang, den første der isolerede hantavirus, som stammede fra området. De originale publikationer translittererer flodens navn på engelsk som "Hantaan", hvorfor denne stavemåde forsat er gældende på engelsk for "Hantaan virus". I 2007 begyndte byggeriet af Hantangang-dæmningen ved flodens nedre løb. Dæmningen stod færdig i 2015. Dens eneste formål er at kontrollere floden.

Ekstern henvisning
 Comprehensive Water Quality Management Plan for the Imjin River Basin

Vandløb i Sydkorea

Hantan