La Guaira State (, ), officially La Guaira, and known until 2019 as Vargas State is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Formerly named after Venezuela's first civilian president, José María Vargas, Vargas comprises a coastal region in the north of Venezuela, bordering Aragua to the west, Miranda to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Capital District to the south. It is home to both the country's largest seaport and airport. The state capital is La Guaira. The Litoral Varguense conurbation is the principal urban agglomeration in the state, which is part of the Greater Caracas Area.

In 1999, the geographic center of Vargas state suffered major floods and landslides, known as La Tragedia de Vargas (the Vargas tragedy), causing major losses of life and property, and resulting in forced population movements, including the virtual disappearance of some small towns. Thousands died, and many more fled the area to other states. The state's name was changed on 14 June 2019 to La Guaira.

History

Origin
It was the Arauaco Indians who first inhabited the central coast and then the western part of Venezuela. However, 500 years before the arrival of Christopher Columbus, they were displaced, in some places by the Caribs, settled on these coasts. The state of La Guaira later became the great Tarma nation, extended between Puerto Maya and the Valles del Tuy, populated by Indians, who spoke the Caribbean language.

Spanish colonization
A mestizo Guaiquerí, Francisco Fajardo, arrived in 1555 and founded La Villa del Rosario. The outrages committed against the aborigines by the Spaniards who accompanied him made his attempt at peaceful conquest fail. As a consequence of this, the aboriginal congress held in the Uveros de Macuto and called by the chief Guaicamacuto, sought to expel Francisco Fajardo from the occupied territory, showing signs of primitive sessions of republican democracy.

Territorial history
This political-territorial region has suffered important changes over the years, its territory (Aguado and Vargas) was part of the province of Caracas, during the whole colonial period.

According to the decree of March 9, 1864, by Marshal Juan Crisóstomo Falcón, the organization of the Federal District is established in the following terms: "Article 2.- The Federal District, whose capital is Caracas, is made up of the former cantons of Caracas, La Guaira and Maiquetía, which will form Departments under the names of "El Libertador", "Vargas" and "Aguado", with Caracas, La Guaira and Maiquetía as their respective capitals. Their limits, those indicated by the law of April 28, 1856, on territorial division". In 1868, Vargas became part, together with the Libertador Department, of the State of Bolivar (current territory of the State of Miranda, Capital District and State of La Guaira together).
In 1879, through the agreement of April 30, the twenty states of the Union (of the United States of Venezuela) were reduced to seven large states, the reduction being governed by the Law of April 28, 1856, which established the last sectional demarcation, by which the State of the Center is created, composed of Bolivar, Guzmán Blanco, Guárico, Apure and Nueva Esparta, becoming, on April 27, 1881, the "State Guzmán Blanco" composed only of Bolivar, Aragua, Guárico, Nueva Esparta and the department Vargas of the Federal District.
In 1889, a year after Antonio Guzmán Blanco left power definitively, it was decided in a new territorial reorganization, to rename the Guzmán Blanco State with the name of "Estado Miranda", excluding from this new arrangement what was the province of Aragua.

In 1909 both Vargas and Aguado were incorporated into Federal District. In 1936 Aguado and Vargas merged into one Department: Vargas.
Until 1987, it kept the name and conditions of Department, when by decree of 1986 it became Municipality Vargas.

In the decade of the 90s of the 20th century, the autonomist demands that desired the state of La Guaira as a territory differentiated from the Federal District politically and economically increased. In 1998, the government of Rafael Caldera decreed the municipality of Vargas as autonomous, separate from the Federal District, with the status of Federal Territory, and shortly thereafter it definitively became the 23rd state in the nation.
The creation of the state of La Guaira has motivated the appearance of new autonomist movements in other regions of the country, as in the case of the municipality Páez in the state of Apure, which has more geographical aspects similar to Táchira than to the rest of Apure. In the past, the state of La Guaira has sought to have the jurisdiction of the Archipelago of Los Roques totally transferred to the state. There are also proposals to subdivide the state into 2 or 3 municipalities, which currently only has a single municipal entity.

Recent history
This region of Venezuela has undergone important changes over the years, and while the geographical borders have remained, the territorial delineation has varied. The area was previously one of the departments of the Venezuela's Federal District (the other being the Libertador department, now Libertador Municipality), and the governor of this region was chosen by the national government. The area later evolved into a municipality, but was still dependent on the governor of the Federal District. In the 1990s there were increased calls for Vargas to become a separate entity, distinct from Federal District. In 1998 the government of Rafael Caldera decreed Vargas as an independent municipality, separate from the Federal District, with the statute of Federal Territory. Shortly after it became the 23rd state of Venezuela.

In mid-December 1999, after several days of ever-increasing rains pouring over the Cordillera de la Costa Central and the piedmont within the span of 24 hours along the coastline for about ., the state suffered from massive floods which resulted in severe losses of life and property. In its wake as of December 16, the surviving population witnessed the massive destruction of most of the state infrastructure, including the collapse of most roads, bridges, housings, public and private buildings, and of basic services as electricity and communications; in which thousands were killed or missing. Official estimates some 50,000 dead or missing, but the real figure may be much higher. In the following weeks nearly the entire state's population was displaced.  Locals refer to the Dec. 1999 disaster as "La Tragedia de Vargas" (the Vargas' Tragedy). Such climatic phenomenon (of extraordinarily high rainfall levels) appears to be periodical, having a cycle of about 70 years, and probably has occurred hundreds, perhaps thousands of times since a distant past.

Geography

The state of La Guaira is located in the coastal-mountain region, north of the state of Miranda and the capital district. Previously, La Guaira belonged to the federal district, but since 1998, this municipality has been elevated to a state.

This state has only one municipality, the municipality of Vargas, which is divided into eleven parishes. The state government and the municipality's mayor's office are in the same jurisdiction.

The space comprised by the Vargas state is generally elongated, presenting its maximum amplitude in the extreme west towards Carayaca, to then reduce considerably in the center, around the urban centers of Maiquetía and Macuto. From La Guaira it begins to expand again in an almost symmetrical way up to its eastern limit. The state has an area of 1,497 square kilometers (0.13% of the national territory); in fact, it is the second state with the smallest territorial area in the country and represents 12.28% of the capital region. The entity has the following limits: to the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the south with the state of Miranda in the extreme southeast, the Capital District in the central sector and the state of Aragua in the extreme southwest; to the east with the state
Miranda (the Chuspa River is the natural border), and to the west with the state of Aragua
(Moralera Creek and the Maya River define the boundary with this state).

Geopolitical division

La Guaira state covers a total surface area of .

Municipality
 Vargas (La Guaira)

Parishes

Caraballeda
Carayaca
Carlos Soublette (Maiquetía)
Caruao (La Sabana)
Catia La Mar
El Junko
La Guaira
Macuto
Maiquetía
Naiguatá

Climate

The climate of the state is a factor that generates strong territorial contrasts, since it varies according to the altitudinal levels. In general, the climate is arid tropical, in the high zones of Galipán, Carayaca and El Junko it is temperate tropical due to the altitude, the humid tropical climate with little rain is characterized in the rest of the territory. In the areas below 400 m.a.s.l., high temperatures predominate presenting an average of 26.1 °C with infrequent rainfall. From this level, temperatures are more moderate, with an annual average of 14.7 °C and more frequent and intense rainfall. The average annual temperature of La Guaira is 28 °C, with scarce daily and annual thermal amplitudes.23

Thus, for the different altitudes in the region, the following characteristics are found for the different altitudinal floors, such as

1.Tropical: It presents an altitude that varies between 0 and 600 m.a.s.l. with an annual average temperature of 25.4 and 26.1 °C. In these climates they have registered average values of precipitation in the following spaces:

Puerto Maya - Arrecife (600 mm/year).
Mamo (325 mm/year).
Maiquetía - Anare (600–800 mm/year).
Los Caracas - La Sabana (1100 – 1500 mm/year).
Caruao - Chuspa (1800mm/year).
2. Low Pre-Mountain and High Pre-Mountain: It presents an altitude that varies between 600 and 1600 m.a.s.l. with an annual average temperature of 18 and 24 °C. In these climates they have registered average values of precipitation in:

Carayaca - Petaquire (850 – 900 mm/year)
3. Low Mountain: It presents an altitude that varies between 1600 and 2400 m.s.n.m.

Precipitation
From the data of monthly average precipitation for a group of representative meteorological stations of the Vargas state, there is a predominance of wet months almost all year round, except for December to March. The seasons with the highest average monthly rainfall records are Caruao and El Portachuelo, where the wet weight is equal to or greater than 10 months. In the coastal plain and foothills, average monthly rainfall records are low throughout the year, with the Mamo season recording the driest period from January to March.

Temperatures
The analysis of the geographical distribution of the annual average temperature is carried out based on the stations with available records, being these the ones located in the coastal area. For the mountainous zone, we adapted the equation of correlation between the average temperature of an area in degrees Celsius and the height above sea level.
of the sea, according to the equation: Average 27.6 °C (average level 0.6) / 100.

Zones
From the recorded and estimated values, three clearly defined zones are interpreted: a coastal zone with high annual average temperatures, which range from 25.4 °C to 26.1 °C. An intermediate mountainous zone (from 972 meters above sea level to 1300 meters above sea level), which presents temperatures ranging from 18.4 °C to 21.2 °C; and another higher mountainous zone with heights between 1787 meters above sea level and 2101 meters above sea level, where relatively low temperatures of 13.9 °C are registered in Alto de Ño León and 15.8 °C in the next high station of Colonia Tovar, located in the state of Aragua.

Relief
The state consists almost entirely of coastlines as it faces the Caribbean Sea, but in the south of the state, is the Avila hill, icon of the state and Caracas, of the Cordillera de la Costa with peaks that exceed 2,000 m as Naiguatá Peak (2,765 m asl). It is home to Galipán, the highest population in La Guaira State, (partly because there is another part of Caracas and another part of Miranda State).

Geology
It corresponds to the one developed in the Coastal Range. It has as a geological limit the La Victoria Fault, where the rocks of the Gran Caracas group outcrop, on the igneous-metamorphic basement of the Sebastopol Complex of the lower Paleozoic, which is constituted by gneissic granite and chlorite schist. The formations are also located: Peña de Mora belonging to the Mesozoic, the Todasana Magmatic Complex of the upper Cretaceous, the Las Pailas formation of the late Pliocene, and the Abyssinian formation, composed of marine sediments.

Hydrography

The state is a kind of terminal for the rivers of Caracas and other populations because several rivers in the state flow into the Caribbean Sea, almost all of them are ravines of the Avila Hill.

Some rivers in the state of La Guaira are:

Limón.
Caruao.
Chuspa.
Naiguatá.
La Vega.
Tacagua
Mamo
Pantano
In the state there are streams with the same name of some rivers in the area for simply being in the middle of the route of these water bodies.

Soils
Considering as unit of analysis the mountainous system of the Coast, of which the Vargas state is part, the predominant type of soil in this unit is the Haplustults, whose main characteristics are: moderately deep (from 75 cm to 100 cm), of medium to fine textures, increasing its clay content with depth. It is moderately stony, with medium to high contents of organic matter in the surface horizons. Drainage varies from well to excessively drained.

Based on the soil-forming factors and the predominant type of reference soil (Haplustults), in the entity the Haplargids and Torriorthents soil types were identified in the areas near the coast, where the humidity conditions are critical.
In areas with higher slopes, Udorthents soils are classified, and in areas with lower slopes, the Paleustults. In areas with lower temperatures, typical of the mountain landscape, evolved and deep soils are identified as the Haplohumuslts. In areas of higher humidity, such as those at the extremes of the state, Hapludults soils are classified.

Vegetation

Adopting Otto Huber's classification of plant formations, the plant landscape varguense is quite contrasted, being identified from the altitudinal base to 100 meters above sea level coastal vegetation of the halophilic and psamophilic herbaceous type, and bushes
coastal xerophiles. Next, and according to the altitudinal succession, we observe
thorny xerophytic shrubs (cardinal and spiny) of very variable density and
low altitude (2–5 m); it is followed by the troopophilic basimontane forest, deciduous, transitional vegetation of the lowland species by the mountain species. Then, in the submontane belt extends the ombrophile forest, seasonal semideciduous (trade winds forests).
It is followed by a well-developed strip of submontane to evergreen mountain forests, called coastal cloud forests, dense forests with several medium to high tree strata. Finally, at the upper limit of the forest, from 2,200 meters above sea level, the areas of coastal shrubby moors are identified.

Biodiversity
The biodiversity of the state of Vargas is as rich and varied as its natural spaces.
In the southwestern section of the state, in the mountainous zone of the cloud forest, there is a
A great variety of tree species, among the most exuberant are trees such as granadillo (Prumnopitys harmsiana), Sapium sp. and cedar (Cedrela montana). Of this last species is a specimen called "the giant cedar", which has a height of 47 meters and a diameter of 22 meters, located in the
La Florida peak (2,240 meters above sea level). Another impressive tree in the area is the niño (Gyranthera caribensis), endemic to the Coastal Range. There are numerous species of guamos (Inga sp.), Protium sp., Alchornea triplinervia and Micropholis crotonoides, and palms such as the striking prapa (Wettinia praemorsa). In the hillside areas you can observe the majestic royal palms (Ceroxylon interruptum), palmetto (Euterpe predatoria), molinillo (Chamaedorea pinnatifrons) and araque (Dictyocaryum fuscum). Others Important species are the orchids, especially the Christmas orchid (Masdevallia tovarensis), an endemic species of the natural monument Agustin Codazzi.

Government and politics

Like other states, the structure of the government of Vargas is laid out in the Constitution, the highest law in the state.

It is an autonomous state and politically equal to the rest of the Venezuelan federation, it organizes its administration and public powers through the constitution of the State of La Guaira, dictated by the Legislative Council, and which was sanctioned on August 23, 2001, entering into force on August 30, 2001, when it was published in the Official State Gazette.

Executive Power
It is composed of the governor and a group of state secretaries appointed by him to assist him in the management of the government. The governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of immediate reelection for equal periods, being in charge of the state administration.

Since the elevation to the category of federal state, the state has chosen its governors in direct elections, before 1998 its governor was the same of the disappeared Federal District.

The current state government has been headed since 2021 by José Manuel Suárez.

Legislative Power
The state legislature falls to the Legislative Council of the State of La Guaira, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and they can be reelected for consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities. Since the last elections, the state has had 7 deputies, of which 1 belongs to the opposition and 6 to the government.

Vargas Police
Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.

Demographics

Race and ethnicity

According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was:

Tourism

The tourist resource in the state is conformed by significant natural attractions, which contain a singular beauty contributed by the contrast that exists between the sea and the mountains. It is attractive to appreciate from the coast how an imposing mountainous relief that houses innumerable natural riches, giving it a
less harsh to the dry but attractive coastal environment. In the entity there is a great number of natural beaches and spas, predominantly those of natural origin. The latter are less visited due to their remoteness and difficult accessibility from Caracas,
except the natural beaches near Punta Gorda,Tanaguarena, Camurí Grande and Los Caracas.

On the other hand, the resorts are located in more accessible places, providing the public with some service infrastructure. Among the most popular are Playa Grande (Catia La Mar), Macuto, Camurí Chico, Playa Los Ángeles and Naiguatá.

In addition to beach areas, there are other natural options with potential for
to carry out ecotourism activities, close to the beaches and associated with the enjoyment of rivers and
surrounding mountains to the coast. Among the most prominent are mentioned, in the sense
East-West: Chuspa, Caruao, La Sabana, Urama, Todasana, Oritapo, Osma, Los Caracas, Anare, Puerto Carayaca, Uricao, Chichiriviche, Puerto Cruz and Puerto Maya.

Many of the resources available in the state are being used by the
intensive recreation and tourism in both the mountain and coastal areas; it is
mention: Oricao Club Campestre, Club Tanaguarena, Club Camurí Grande, Club
Puerto Azul, Ciudad Vacacional Los Caracas, Altos de Lagunazo, areas adjacent to the Humboldt Hotel and Caraballeda golf courses. In the agricultural area of Galipán, several restaurants and rural recreation sites have been implemented, of which the Museo de Piedra Marina Soñadora, one of the most visited in the area, stands out.
There is also a recreational park in the state of Vargas bordering the town of El Junquito, located in the municipality of Libertador, equipped with services for intensive enjoyment of the open field; the Metropolitan Recreational Park El Junquito was created according to presidential decree No. 913 published in the Official Gazette No. 30,693 on 18
May 1975.

Beaches

Historical Sites
La Casa Guipuzcoana: This imposing colonial construction was built between 1734 and 1736 on the instructions of King Philip V. The specific function of the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas was to defend the coasts and trade of Venezuela. Now it is the current seat of the La Guaira State Government.
Fuerte San Carlos: Its construction dates from 1769, according to the project of Miguel Roncali, who was at that time Count of Roncali. However, for its construction, pieces from another fortress that according to Enrique Rivodó existed in 1604 were used. The fortress is designed in the shape of a star, it was designated National Historic Monument in 1876.
Fortress El Vigía: It was built at the beginning of the 18th century, by Don Francisco Alberreo. From there it announced with the sound of the bells and the flags of elevation, the arrival of the ships to the port, its view is impressive.
Colonial Zone of La Guaira: On June 29, 1589, don Diego de Osorio y Villegas founded the town of San Pedro de La Guaira, today these colonial buildings, with their facades and large windows can be seen in the parish.
Castle of Las Salinas: It was built on the land of the García Laucarce family. Francisco Tabeayo was the one who built the bases of the Castle that initially would be a small construction compared to the current one. The upper floors were built later, for an inn or hotel project. The Castle was not finished because they prohibited to continue the work, since who gave the permissions was asking for an additional commission. The prohibition was alleged in that the land where it was settled was unstable.

Museums
Ateneo de La Guaira: The 18th century building consists of three levels, of which the lower one is a basement and the upper one an attic. In the headquarters of the Ateneo, the Triangle Theater operates.
Archaeological Museum of Panarigua: Archaeologist Luis Laffer founded this museum in Plan La Ansermera de Carayaca with the purpose of protecting for future generations the petroglyphs found in various sectors of El Limón and some archaeological collections from Margarita, Valencia and Falcón.
Museum of the Dreaming Marine Stones, San José de Galipán: On June 30, 1990 this museum was inaugurated by the authorities of the Simón Bolívar University, the Association of Journalists and the Prefecture of the Vargas municipality. It is considered the first museum of ecological art in the world in its style.
Armando Reverón Museum: located in the Sector Las 15 Letras, which inspired Armando Reverón, whose home (Castillete) was transformed into a museum in 1974. The Armando Reverón Museum Foundation has a collection of original paintings and a large number of objects made by the artist.
Gal Gallery: it is a cultural reference in Chuspa and in the whole state of La Guaira. Its name derives from the artist Froilán Colina, who signs all his works Gal, in reference to his nickname, Galopo. In its installations are exposed samples of the artists of the sector.
Museum of the Truth: Institution founded by Luis Kafella in Todasana whose main purpose is to promote art and at the same time, to make this museum an instrument to create conscience, to inform and to prevent the young people who visit it. In the museum there are sculptures of didactic and moral character in which a moral or a lesson of life is always enclosed

Culture

Cultural Heritage

Within the state exists "The Individual Creation", a series of autonomous manifestations within the region and they are constituted in definitive as people of cultural relevance, for what their inhabitants devote themselves to the literature, to the interpretative creations, call the singer-songwriter, musicians and dances, many of the collections, the patrimonial carriers and to the artistic creations; among those that stand out inside a great range:

Bolivarian Society of La Guaira House
It is considered a place of interest for debates, talks and discussions of knowledge with the studies of the history of Venezuela; headquarters of the Bolivarian Society of La Guaira. Located and conforms within what is the peripheries within the historical real helmet of the Guaira, right there is the Library "Adam Jose Seijas" and it is estimated that the Property was constructed during the times of the Colonization; It is characterized for having a patio in its interior as the main axis, and that around it are the offices next to its rooms, the Stables at the end of it, and that to both sides are the warehouse, bedrooms or rooms, but that in its interior have doors of closings in wood or of lock, and with an annex like conference room for with the different sessions of the center; It is worth mentioning that the structure is of a single floor with its wooden roofs in tiles, with its main door in wood with lattice, together with its three windows also in wood and wrought in iron, whose facade is of pure frieze. It is worth mentioning that also within the Bolivarian Society House of La Guayra, it houses the sections and activities for the Lions Club and the Rotary Club.

Celebrations

Descent of the Magi
Every January 6, after the children make a written request for a toy from the Three Kings, leaving the requested gift on their shoes. This tradition keeps alive the childish illusion, something lost in our times.

Virgin of Candelaria

Every year, on February 2, the Patron Saint's Day of the Virgin of Candelaria in its context is made up of the popular religious behavior of the social collectivities. The dance groups, costumes, masks and bands of musicians lead to expressions of overflowing festive sensibility. Finally, the Candlemas Festival has been gaining national space, recreating the Puno patron saint festival in Arequipa, Lima, places where the residents of the Altiplano express their cultural identity. People can go sightseeing in the areas.

The Burial of the Sardine
It is celebrated on Ash Wednesday, after Carnival, and is charged with irreverence, ambiguous characters with inverted roles and expressions of relaxation. In the beginning it was associated with the custom of burying a pig's rib called sardine, symbolizing the prohibition of eating meat during the days of Lent.

There are those who believe that the burial of the sardine was a way of attracting abundant fishing and fertility of the animals before a new cycle of reproduction, but it is also considered a typical festival of carnivals because it is a time when it is normally allowed to do everything that is prohibited and the manifestation also acquires these characteristics. It is in itself a parody, simulating the passage of a burial in the streets of the town.

Saint Joseph's Day
Like so many other traditions in the state, the feast of St. Joseph is celebrated on March 19.

Dancing Devils of Naiguatá

The dancing devils of Corpus Christi, along with 11 other brotherhoods in the country, entered the representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity approved by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris on December 6, 2012.25 This is the legacy of the first inhabitants of Naiguatá, a product of racial and cultural crossbreeding. In this magical-religious celebration of Corpus Christi, the Holy Sacrament of the Altar is worshipped in a festival of marked religious syncretism with the dance of hundreds of Devils dancing all over the town, making their tradition last in time and never to be forgotten. They identify themselves by painting their own costumes, wearing white pants and a white shirt, painted with crosses, stripes and circles, figures that prevent the evil one from dominating them. The masks are mostly marine animals. They wear crossed scapulars, carry holy palm crosses and crucifixes. They do not wear a cape or a mandator.

Feast of the Holy Innocents
Every December 28, the Catholic Church commemorates the death of the Holy Innocents in honor of the children killed by order of King Herod. In the Middle Ages this rite was linked to another more pagan rite known as the "Feast of the Fools", celebrated on the days between Christmas and New Year. This fusion of history, religion and paganism has in turn led to a series of celebrations in various regions of the world that include costumes, typical music and the congregation of communities to participate.

Feast of St. John the Baptist
In Venezuela, it is a tradition in this population that the celebration begins on the eve of the day of San Juan Bautista, that is, on June 23 at night. At the beginning of the afternoon, the drummers begin with the execution of the mine drum and the curbata, located at one side of the square. Already at night, in a nearby house where the small image of San Juan Bautista is found, in its niche well decorated with colored papers, flowers, fabrics and palms, the drummers arrive and begin to "intone" in front of the saint to begin the first wake.

Sports

In the State of La Guaira, various sports are practiced, the most popular disciplines being Baseball, Basketball, Volleyball and Soccer. Among the soccer teams we can mention the Deportivo La Guaira Fútbol Club that plays in the First Division of Venezuela. While Baseball the state is represented by Los Tiburones de La Guaira which plays in the Venezuelan professional baseball league or LVBP (for its acronym in Spanish).

Among the most important sports facilities we can name the Jose Maria Vargas Dome (used for sports such as Basketball, Volleyball or indoor soccer), the Forum Stadium in La Guaira (or La Guaira Baseball Stadium), the Cesar Nieves Stadium in Catia La Mar, the Hugo Chavez Beach Coliseum and the Sports Complex in Mare Abajo. The State has organized numerous sports events among which the 2019 Bolivarian Beach Games and the 2014 South American Beach Games can be mentioned.

See also

Venezuela
States of Venezuela
1999 Vargas mudslide catastrophe
Dancing devils of Corpus Christi

References

External links
History
Geography
Geopolitical division
Law and government— State government
Law and government— Municipal government
Economy
Sites of interest
Folklore
Historical seats

States of Venezuela
States and territories established in 1998

Vargas (state)


Anna Karénina puede referirse a:

 Anna Karénina (1914), es una adaptación rusa dirigida por Vladímir Gardin.

 Anna Karénina (1915), es una versión americana protagonizada por la actriz danesa Betty Nansen.

 Anna Karenina (1935), dirigida por Clarence Brown y protagonizada por Greta Garbo y Fredric March.

 Anna Karenina (1948), dirigida por Julien Duvivier y con Vivien Leigh en el papel protagonista.

 Anna Karénina (1953), una versión rusa dirigida por Tatiana Lukashévich.

 Anna Karénina (1967), una versión rusa dirigida por Aleksandr Zarjí.

 Anna Karénina (1974), una versión rusa dirigida por Margarita Pilíjina.

 Anna Karenina (1985), es una película para tv protagonizada por Jacqueline Bisset y Christopher Reeve.

 Anna Karenina (1997), es una película inglesa dirigida por Bernard Rose y con Sophie Marceau y Sean Bean en los personajes protagonistas.

 Anna Karénina (2007), es una película para la tv rusa de Serguéi Soloviov.

 Anna Karenina (2012), es una película dirigida por Joe Wright.

Enlaces externos
Todas las películas en IMDb

Películas basadas en cuentos de León Tolstói

Anna Karenina (película)


Die Puritan Motor Company war ein kurzlebiger Automobilhersteller in den Vereinigten Staaten und einer von mehreren, die Automobile der Marke Puritan herstellten.

Beschreibung
Das Unternehmen mit Sitz in Chicago (Illinois) war von 1913 bis 1914 aktiv und spezialisierte sich auf Cyclecars.

Gegründet wurde die Puritan Motor Company von F. P. Choate, vormals Präsident der Kissel Motor Car Company in Hartford (Wisconsin), sowie weiteren Geschäftsleuten aus Chicago. Sie sahen richtig voraus, dass Cyclecars in den USA einen Boom erleben würde. In diesem Markt sollte der von Choate entworfene Puritan bestehen können. Ein Export nach Europa war vorgesehen. Die Firma startete mit einem Kapital von 150.000 US-Dollar.

Technik
Im Vorfeld anzumerken ist, dass der Hersteller das Fahrzeug zwar als Cyclecar bezeichnete, es allerdings die Kriterien nicht erfüllte. Der Zweizylindermotor hatte 88,9 mm Zylinderbohrung, 93,218 mm Kolbenhub und somit 1157 cm³ Hubraum. Das Limit für Cyclecars lag aber bei 1100 cm³ Hubraum.

Der Puritan war tatsächlich, anders als viele Konkurrenten, ein seriös konstruiertes Leichtfahrzeug. Er hatte einen vorne liegenden Zweizylindermotor von DeLuxe mit 10 PS (nach damaliger Berechnungsart). Das Fahrgestell war mit einem Radstand von 2743 mm (108 Zoll) ausreichend groß und mit einer Spur von 1067 mm (42 Zoll) breit genug, um zwei Passagieren nebeneinander Platz zu bieten. Auch das war keine Selbstverständlichkeit; viele Cyclecars wiesen eine Tandem-Anordnung mit hintereinander liegenden Einzelsitzen auf. Die Kraftübertragung erfolgte klassenkonform über einen Riemen auf die Hinterachse. Unkonventionell war hingegen das Zweigang-Planetengetriebe. Erhältlich war der Puritan nur als Roadster mit "Motorrad"-Kotflügeln, angedeuteter Aerodynamik und einem moderaten Spitzheck. Drahtspeichenräder waren ebenso serienmäßig wie eine Auswahl an Farbtönen. Kalkuliert war ein Verkaufspreis von 350 US-Dollar.

Prototyp
Der Prototyp war im Herbst 1913 fertiggestellt. Er war kirschrot lackiert mit weißen Akzentstreifen. Choate schickte den Wagen bereits im November 1913 nach Europa, wo er auf den Automobilausstellungen von London und Paris zu sehen war.

Schnelles Ende
Dass Cyclecars in den Vereinigten Staaten populär würden, hatte das Management richtig erkannt, nicht aber, dass dies, anders als in Europa, kein Trend, sondern nur eine verhältnismäßig kurz andauernde Modeerscheinung sein würde.

Einer der Gründe lag beim 1907 eingeführten Ford Modell T. Als fünfsitziger Touring kostete dieser 1913 ab 600 US-Dollar, bis Ende 1916 war dieser Preis auf 350 US-Dollar gesenkt worden. Beim Zweisitzer war die Entwicklung noch dramatischer: Der Roadster kostete 1913 ab 525 US-Dollar und Ende 1916 mit 345 US-Dollar sogar weniger als der Puritan. Dabei galt der Ford mit seinen Dimensionen, seiner Bauweise und dem Vierzylindermotor mit 20 bhp (14,9 kW) als "ausgewachsenes" Auto.

Choate erwartete, dass nach 1915 "Tausende von Cyclecars" gebaut würden. Das traf anfangs zu, der Markt brach jedoch bereits 1916 ein. Der Puritan bestand gegen die Konkurrenz in seiner Klasse; das Leicht-Automobil verkaufte sich besser als die meisten seiner Mitbewerber. Dass er in eine sich auflösende Marktnische konzipiert wurde, ließ weder dem Auto noch der Firma eine Chance.

Eine Verbindung zur Puritan Motors Company aus Framington (Massachusetts) ist nicht bekannt.

Literatur
 Beverly Rae Kimes, Henry Austin Clark Jr.: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942. Krause Publications, Iola 1985, ISBN 0-87341-045-9. (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Illinois)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Chicago)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Chicago)
Gegründet 1913
Aufgelöst 1914

Puritan Motor Company


La Task Force Argos est une unité de la police du Queensland. Fondée en 1997, elle est chargée d'enquêter sur l'exploitation des enfants et les maltraitances en ligne commises dans des établissements accueillant des jeunes.

En raison des évolutions technologiques permettant l'accès généralisé à Internet, en 2002 l'unité commence à enquêter sur les problèmes d'exploitation des enfants en ligne. La Task Force Argos a détecté des menaces pesant sur les jeunes dans les salons de discussion, où des prédateurs sexuels cherchent à se rapprocher des enfants dans l'objectif de leur infliger des abus sexuels (pédopiégeage).

Fonctionnement

Le nom de cette unité de police vient de la mythologie grecque : Argos est un géant doté de nombreux yeux et qui ignore le sommeil, ce qui lui permet d'assurer la garde de la déesse Io. À l'origine, la mission de la Task Force Argos consistait à enquêter sur les signalements de maltraitances infligées à des mineurs sur demande de la  (Commission of Inquiry into Abuse of Children in Queensland Institutions).

La Task Force Argos coopère étroitement avec ses homologues à l'international afin d'améliorer le sort des jeunes victimes, quelle que soit la région d'où elles proviennent. Cette unité de police, qui s'appuie sur des spécialistes pour identifier les victimes, préside le groupe spécialisé d'Interpol dans les crimes commis contre les enfants. Argos utilise des stratégies fiables pour identifier les victimes, ce qui permet d'identifier les enfants victimes d'abus ainsi que les criminels. Dans une opération sous couverture, Argos s'est emparée d'un site pédopornographique du dark web, ce qui a conduit au sauvetage de 85 enfants et à des centaines d'arrestations, dont celle du pédophile britannique Richard Huckle.

Argos a conclu un partenariat avec Microsoft, géant du logiciel, pour développer une bibliothèque nationale d'images des victimes afin de limiter l'exposition des enquêteurs face aux images d'exploitation des enfants et d'améliorer les perspective de retrouver les enfants en danger. Microsoft a fait don de ses améliorations techniques pour construire cette base de données.

Le travail d'Argos bénéficie d'une reconnaissance internationale en matière de sensibilisation face aux cyberprédateurs. L'équipe a reçu lInternational Law Enforcement Cybercrime Award 2011 (Gold award) de la part de la Society for the Policing of Cyberspace (POLCYB), organisation canadienne qui cherche à mettre en valeur les collaborations dans la prévention et la lutte contre la criminalité en ligne.

Affaires notables

En mars 2002, Argos entame une opération sous couverture contre une personne agissant dans les salons de discussion pour perpétrer des délits sexuels sur des filles mineures. Le prédateur a proposé à un agent d'Argos, se présentant comme une adolescente de 14 ans, de le retrouver à Brisbane pour prendre des photographies dénudées et avoir des relations sexuelles. Au cours des conversations en ligne, le délinquant annonce posséder environ  d'enfants exploités. Argos identifie le délinquant et saisit son ordinateur pour identifier les nombreux enfants victimes de ses actes. L'un des enfants avait 12 ans à l'époque des faits et avait rencontré le prédateur via Internet. Un autre enfant avait cinq ans et a été mis à disposition du délinquant par son père, qui avait rencontré le prédateur dans un salon de discussion.

En 2004, un site internet de pédopornographie, situé en Biélorusse, est fermé par une unité internationale, avec la coopération de l'Australian Federal Police et de l'. Cette opération est surnommée . À partir du matériel recueilli, les agents d'Argos ont pu retrouver sept enfants victimes d'abus et les ont mis à l'abri d'autres crimes.

En 2006 a lieu une autre opération d'envergure internationale, surnommée Achilles. Argos s'associe avec le Federal Bureau of Investigation dans une vaste opération sous couverture afin de terrasser un réseau international complexe via lequel des cyberprédateurs créent et distribuent du matériel pédopornographique sur demande. L'Opération Achilles commence en janvier 2006 et s'achève en 2008, avec la mise a exécution de mandats d'arrestations en Australie, aux États-Unis, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni. Argos a infiltré le réseau des cyberprédateurs qui vendaient des images et des vidéo montrant de violents abus sexuels sur des mineurs. L'opération Achilles et ses procédures connexes ont conduit à retirer plus de 60 enfants victimes d'exploitation sexuelle, à l'arrestation de 22 membres du réseau et à la fermeture de quatre sites Internet d'exploitation sexuelle d'enfants à des fins commerciales.

En 2016-2017, pendant onze mois, Argos tient sur le darknet un site de pédopornographie :  dans le cadre de l'Operation Artemis.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Interview with Task Force Argos squad member
 Queensland Police service

Cybercriminalité
Lutte contre la pédophilie
Police en Australie

Task Force Argos


Kamatriádes, en , est un village du dème de Histiée-Edipsós, sur l'île d'Eubée, en Grèce.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population de Kamatriádes compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Localité dans le dème de Histiée-Edipsos
Village en Grèce

Kamatriádes


La rue du Général-Leclerc est un important axe de communication de Gagny. Elle suit le tracé de l'ancienne route nationale 370.

Situation et accès

Orientée du nord au sud, cette rue rencontre notamment la rue de la Fontaine-Varenne, le boulevard Saint-Dizier, la place Foch et l'avenue Fournier. Elle est desservie par la gare de Gagny.

Origine du nom

Cette rue rend hommage à Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque ( – ).

Historique

Elle s'appelait autrefois rue de Montfermeil, ville vers laquelle elle se dirige.

En 1880, on a retrouvé, servant de seuil à une maison de cette rue, la pierre tombale de Marie de Rohan, duchesse de Chevreuse, morte dans cette ville  et inhumée dans l'église Saint-Germain en 1679. Elle  a été transférée au château de Dampierre.

En 2007, un diagnostic archéologique préliminaire à la création de la rue Jacques-Chaban-Delmas, a révélé des tegulae rattachés à l'Antiquité et des traces de construction remontant au Haut Moyen Âge.

En 2016, lors de la rénovation de l'église Saint-Germain, des recherches archéologiques entreprises devant le 12 ont permis de mettre à des structures de l'époque carolingienne et du Moyen Âge.

En 2021, elle fait partie d'un vaste plan de réaménagement de la ville visant à apaiser la circulation.

Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire
 Église Saint-Germain de Gagny, datant du , reconstruite en 1881.
 Cimetière du Centre.
 Hôtel de ville de Gagny.

Notes et références

Transport routier en Île-de-France
General Leclerc

Rue du Général-Leclerc (Gagny)


West Oxfordshire is a local government district in northwest Oxfordshire, England, including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, Carterton and Witney, where the council is based.

Area
The area is mainly rural downland and forest, with the main economic activities being farming and associated trades. West Oxfordshire lies within the River Thames catchment area, with the Thames itself and its tributaries including the River Evenlode and River Windrush running through the area. Parts of the district suffered severe flooding during the 2007 floods in the UK. Some areas of the district lie within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

History
West Oxfordshire district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, covering the area of five former districts, which were all abolished at the same time:
Chipping Norton Municipal Borough
Chipping Norton Rural District
Witney Rural District
Witney Urban District
Woodstock Municipal Borough

The new district was named West Oxfordshire, describing its location within the wider county.

Governance

Oxfordshire has a two-tier structure of local government, with the five district councils (including West Oxfordshire District Council) providing district-level services, and Oxfordshire County Council providing county-level services. There is also a third tier of local government in West Oxfordshire of civil parishes.

Political control
The council has been under no overall control since the 2022 election. The Liberal Democrats subsequently formed an administration with Labour and the Greens, with Liberal Democrat Andy Graham becoming the leader of the council. The same coalition is continuing following the 2023 election.

The first election to the district council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:

Leadership
The leaders of the council since 2001 have been:

Composition
Following the 2023 election, the council's political make-up was:

Premises
The council is based at the former Witney Rural District Council offices on Woodgreen in Witney. The building was built as a large house in 1887 for one of the town's blanket manufacturers, and was originally known as Springfield, 39 Woodgreen. The building was acquired by Witney Rural District Council around 1966 and is now known as Council Offices, Woodgreen.

Elections

Since the last full review of boundaries in 2002, the council has comprised 49 councillors representing 27 wards. Elections are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the seats on the council being elected at each election. In the fourth year of the cycle when no district council elections are held, elections to Oxfordshire County Council.

References

Oxfordshire, West
Non-metropolitan districts of Oxfordshire

West Oxfordshire


الإمبراطور كوشو  هو خامس أباطرة اليابان في قائمة أباطرة اليابان. لا يوجد أي تواريخ محددة عن فترة حياته أو حكمه.

اقرأ أيضا
 إمبراطور اليابان
 قائمة أباطرة اليابان

مراجع

أباطرة اليابان الأسطوريون
حكام في القرن 4 ق م
حكام في القرن 5 ق م
ملكيون يابانيون في القرن 4 ق م
ملكيون يابانيون في القرن 5 ق م

الإمبراطور كوشو


Las Águilas de Piedras Negras fue un equipo que participó en el Circuito de Básquetbol del Noreste con sede en Piedras Negras, Coahuila, México.

Historia

Inicios

Las Águilas de Piedras Negras ingresaron al CIBANE en el 2010, y juegan sus partidos de local en el Gimnasio "Santiago V. González".

Actualidad

En la Temporada 2011, las Águilas quedaron en la sexta posición en su segunda incursión en el circuito.

Jugadores

Roster actual
Temporada 2012

Por definir.

Jugadores destacados

Véase también
 Circuito de Básquetbol del Noreste.
 Federación Mexicana de Baloncesto.
 Asociación Deportiva Mexicana de Básquetbol.
 Piedras Negras.
 Coahuila.

Enlaces externos
 Sitio Oficial del Circuito de Básquetbol del Noreste
 Sitio Oficial de la Federación Mexicana de Baloncesto
 Sitio Oficial de la Asociación Deportiva Mexicana de Básquetbol

Aguilas
Aguilas
Aguilas

Águilas de Piedras Negras


فايدة (بالكردية Faydê, فایدە) بلدة عراقية ومركز لناحية فايدة في شمال محافظة نينوى، غرب جبل دهكان الصغير، قريبة من حدود جنوب محافظة دهوك، مساحة ناحية فايدة 258.8 كيلومتر مربع، وعدد سكانها 65587 ساكناً حتى سنة 2013، وفقاً لم ذكره الباحث زين العابدين علي صفر في كتابه (تحليل أثر طرق النقل البري في التنمية المكانية لمحافظة نينوى باستخدام تقنيات)، وفي فايدة نقطة كمرك فايدة، وهي على الطريق العام بين محافظة نينوى ومحافظة دهوك، ناحية فايدة تابعة لسلطة الحكومة العراقية المركزية.

مصادر

 الموقع الرسمي لمحافظة دهوك باللغة الكردية

مدن العراق
نواحي العراق

فايدة


سعيد بن عبد العزيز العيسى لاعب كرة قدم سعودي في خانة الظهير الأيسر.

كابتن المنتخب السعودي للناشيئن سابقا .

بدايته كانت مع نادي سدوس أحد الانديه الصغيرة بمدينة الرياض وكان عمره وقتها تقريباً 15 سنه

بعدها خاض تجربه في عديد من الإنديه منها: الرياض والهلال و الشّباب إلى أن استقر به الحال في نادي الرائد السعودي وكان المدرب الوطني نايف العنزي من أكثر المصرين على
انتقاله بنادي الشباب وكان تسجيله بنادي الشباب بمبلغ 35 الف ريال في البداية ومن أكثر المدربين الذين سقلوا مهارته هو المدرب سلطان خميس

لعب بعد الشباب في أندية الرائد و الشعلة و الدرعية و السد.

الإنجازات مع النادي الأول

1/ بطولة كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين عــام 2008

2/ بطولة كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين عــام 2009

3/ بطولة الأمير فيصل بن فهد عـــام 2010

4/ بطولة النخبة الدولية بمدينة أبها عـــام 2010

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سعوديون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أظهرة كرة قدم
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الثانية السعودي
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون
لاعبو نادي الدرعية
لاعبو نادي الرائد
لاعبو نادي السد (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الشباب (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الشعلة (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي سدوس
مواليد 1409 هـ
مواليد 1988
مواليد في السعودية

سعيد العيسى


El 307.º Regimiento de Infantería (370. Infanterie-Regiment), fue una regimiento de infantería del ejército alemán (Heer) durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Historia
Formada el 1 de diciembre de 1939 del 3.er Regimiento de Reemplazo de Infantería en el Área de Formación Jüterbog por parte del personal del 3.º Regimiento de Infantería y del 188.º Batallón de Reemplazo de Infantería, 338.º Batallón de Reemplazo de Infantería y del 479.º Batallón de Reemplazo de Infantería. El regimiento se encontraba bajo el mando del 163.ª División de Infantería y el 1 de enero de 1940, el III Batallón del 324.º Regimiento de Infantería. Fue reemplazo por el 3.er Batallón de Campaña de Reemplazo. El 5 de noviembre de 1940, el personal y el II Batallón fueron integrados al 341.er Regimiento de Infantería y fueron reemplazados. El regimiento pasó a llamarse el 15 de octubre de 1942 como 307.º Regimiento Grenadier.

  Batallón:
El 10 de diciembre de 1939 se formó el  Batallón desde el 338.º Batallón de Reemplzo de Infantería.

2.º Batallón:
El 22 de noviembre de 1939 se formó el 2.º Batallón y conformado del 188.º Batallón de Reemplazo de Infantería el 1 de diciembre de 1939.

  Batallón:
En 1 de enero de 1940 se formó el   Batallón desde el 3.er Batallón de Campaña de Reemplazo.

Referencias
Lexikon Der Wehrmacht - 307. Infanterie-Regiment
Ordersofbattle - 307. Infanterie-Regiment
Ordersofbattle - I./307. Infanterie-Regiment

Ordersofbattle - III./307. Infanterie-Regiment

Heer (Wehrmacht)
Regimientos de Infantería de Alemania en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Unidades militares creadas en 1939

307.º Regimiento de Infantería


Derbesiaceae, biljna porodica iz reda Bryopsidales. Pripada joj dvadesetak (27) vrsta zelenih alga. Ime porodice dolazi po rodu Derbesia s 20 vrsta

Rodovi
 Derbesia Solier, 21 vrsta
 Halicystis Areschoug, 1 vrsta
 Pedobesia MacRaild & Womersley. 5 vrsta

Izvori

Bryopsidales

Derbesiaceae


Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur (ya da Campos de Hielo Sur), Patagonya'nın devasa büyüklükteki kıtasal buzul bölgesidir. Andlar'ın bir parçası olup hem Şili hem de Arjantin sınırları içinde yer alır.

Yaklaşık 350 km uzunlukta olup coğrafi olarak 48º20' S paralelinden 51º30' S paraleline kadar uzanır. Alanı yaklaşık olarak 16.800 km² tutar. Bunun 14.200 km² Şili bölgesinde 2.600 km² ise Arjantin bölgesinde yer alır.

İlk araştırmalar, 1943 yılında Şili hükûmetinin askeri uçaklarla bölgenin havadan fotoğraflarını çekmesiyle başlamıştır. Daha sonra bölge Federico Reichert ve Alberto de Agostini'nin bilimsel gezileri ile araştırılır. Buna rağmen kenar kısımların büyük bir bölümüne bugüne kadar ulaşılamamıştır.

Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur Güney Amerika'nın en büyük tatlı su rezervi (donmuş formda) olarak kabul edilir.

Der Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur devasa kara buzullarını barındırır:
 Pío XI Buzulu, 1.265 km²
 Viedma Buzulu, 978 km²
 Upsala Buzulu, 902 km²
 Perito Moreno Buzulu, 258 km²
 Balmaceda Buzulu
 Serrano Buzulu
 Geike Buzulu
 Grey Buzulu
 J. Montt-Buzulu

Milli parklar

Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur 'da bir sıra milli park da mevcuttur
 Torres del Paine, Şili
 Bernardo O'Higgins, Şili
 Los Glaciares, Arjantin

Campo de Hielo Sur


Eline Uhrenholt (født Arildsen, 18. april 1875 i Cedar Falls, Iowa, død 7. november 1920 i Numan, Adamawa, Nigeria) var en dansk lærer, sygeplejerske og missionær. Med sin mand, Mogens Uhrenholt, var hun missionær i Nigeria for Dansk Forenet Sudanmission 1916-1920.

Kilder
 Eline og Mogens Uhrenholts liv i ord og billeder

Nigeria
Missionærer fra Danmark
Danskere i 1900-tallet

Eline Uhrenholt


Norbert Felsinger, né le , est un patineur artistique autrichien. Il est septuple champion d'Autriche dans les années 1950, vice-champion d'Europe en 1960 et il participe aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1956 et de 1960.

Biographie

Carrière sportive
Norbert Felsinger est septuple champion d'Autriche entre 1954 et 1960. Son club de patinage est le Wiener Eislauf Verein (WEV) implanté dans la capitale autrichienne.

Il représente son pays à sept championnats européens (1954 à Bolzano, 1955 à Budapest, 1956 à Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1957 à Colorado Springs, 1958 à Bratislava, 1959 à Davos et 1960 à Garmisch-Partenkirchen), sept mondiaux (1954 à Oslo, 1955 à Vienne, 1956 à Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1957 à Colorado Springs, 1958 à Paris, 1959 à Colorado Springs et 1960 à Vancouver), et à deux Jeux olympiques d'hiver (1956 à Cortina d'Ampezzo et 1960 à Squaw Valley).

Il conquiert deux médailles européennes lors de sa carrière : le bronze en 1959 à Davos derrière le tchèque Karol Divín et le français Alain Giletti, et l'argent en 1960 à Garmisch-Partenkirchen derrière de nouveau le français Alain Giletti.

Il arrête les compétitions sportives après les mondiaux de 1960.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Patineur artistique autrichien
Naissance en juillet 1939
Patineur artistique aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1956
Patineur artistique aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1960

Norbert Felsinger


Josef Koudelka (Boskovice, 10. siječnja 1938.), češko-francuski fotograf.

Životopis
Koudelka se rodio 1938. u malom moravskom gradu Boskovice u tadašnjoj Čehoslovačkoj. U početku je fotografirao svoju obitelj i okolicu bakelitnom kamerom formata 6x6. Studirao je na Češkom tehničkom fakultetu u Pragu (ČVUT) između 1956. i 1961., te dobio diplomu iz inženjerstva 1961. godine. Iste je godine održao prvu izložbu fotografija. Kasnije je radio kao aeronautički inženjer u Pragu i Bratislavi.

Koudelka je počeo uzimati proviziju od kazališnih časopisa te redovito fotografirati predstave praškog kazališta "Divadlo za branou" kamerom Rolleiflex. Godine 1967. je odlučio odustati od zanimanja inženjera te se u potpunosti posvetio fotografiji.

Vratio se iz Rumunjske samo dva dana prije sovjetske vojne intervencije, u kolovozu 1968., gdje je fotografirao Rome. Snimio je i svjedočio dolasku oružanih snaga Varšavskog pakta koje su okupirale Prag i srušile reforme tzv. Praškog proljeća. Koudelkini negativi su bili prokrijumčareni iz Praga u agenciju Magnum Photos, a fotografije anonimno izdane u časopisu The Sunday Times pod inicijalima P. P. (Praški fotograf, engl. Prague Photographer) iz straha od odmazde prema njemu i njegovoj obitelji.

Koudelkine slike događaja su postale dramatični međunarodni simboli. Godine 1969. Overseas Press Club je "anonimnom češkom fotografu" dodijelio zlatnu medalju Robert Capa za fotografije za koje je bila potrebna iznimna hrabrost.

Po preporuci Magnuma Koudelka je podnio zahtjev za tromjesečnu radnu vizu i pobjegao u Englesku 1970., gdje je zatražio politički azil, i ostao više od desetljeća. Godine 1971. se pridružio agenciji Magnum Photos. Nastavio je fotografirati diljem Europe.

Tijekom 1970-ih i 1980-ih Koudelka je dobio mnogobrojne stipendije i nagrade, te je nastavio izlagati i publicirati velike projekte poput Gypsies (1975.) i Exiles (1988.). Od 1986. je radio s panoramskom kamerom, te je izdao kompilaciju tih fotografija u svojoj knjizi Chaos 1999. Među mnogobrojne knjige koje je izdao ubraja se knjiga u nekoliko svezaka Koudelka iz 2006.

Koudelka je osvojio mnoga priznanja, npr. nagradu za knjigu iz fotografije izdanu u Francuskoj, Prix Nadar (1978.), Grand Prix National de la Photographie (1989.), Grand Prix Cartier-Bresson (1991.), nagradu zaklade Hasselblad (1992.). Važnije izložbe njegovih radova su se održale u MoMI i Internacionalnom centru fotografije (ICP) u New Yorku, galeriji Hayward u Londonu, muzeju Stedelijk u Amsterdamu, pariškom muzej Palais de Tokyo.

U radu su ga podržavali njegov prijatelj i francuski fotograf Henri Cartier-Bresson. Također ga je podržavala češka povjesničarka umjetnosti Anna Fárová.

Godine 1987. Koudelka je postao francuski državljanin, te se mogao vratiti u Čehoslovačku prvi put 1990. Zatim je fotografirao tzv. Crni trokut, onečišćeni krajolik u regiji Podkrušnohoří, zapadnjački tip podnožja Crnog trokuta Rudne gore, koja se nalazi između Njemačke i Češke Republike.

Djelo
Koudelkine rane fotografije su značajno oblikovale njegove kasniju fotografiju, i njezin naglasak na društvenim i kulturnim ritualima, kao i smrti. Ubrzo je prešao na osobniju, opsežniju fotografsku studiju Roma u Slovačkoj i kasnije Rumunjskoj. Ove fotografije su bile izložene 1967. u Pragu. Tijekom karijere hvalili su njegovu sposobnost da zabilježi prisutnost ljudskog duha sred tamnih krajolika. Pustoš, onečišćenje, rastajanje, očaj i otuđenje su česte teme njegovih fotografija. Ipak, na fotografijama se vidi i nada: ustrajnost ljudskog nastojanja, usprkos svojoj krhkosti. Njegove se kasnije fotografije usredotočuju na krajolike iz kojeg su uklonjeni ljudski subjekti.

Njegovu posljednju knjigu Wall: Israeli and Palestinian Landscapes je izdala zaklada Aperture in 2013. U knjizi se nalaze panoramski krajolici koje je fotografirao između 2008. i 2012. kao vlastiti projekt za fotografski kolektiv This Place, koji je organizirao fotograf Frédéric Brenner.

Nagrade
 1967. - Udruženje čehoslovačkih umjetnika, Čehoslovačka
 1969. - Zlatna medalja Robert Capa, National Press Photographers Association, SAD
 1972. - stipendija British Arts Councila za reportažu Kendala i Southenda, Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo
 1973. - stipendija British Arts Councila za reportažu romskog života u Britaniji, Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo
 1976. – stipendija Arts Councila za reportažu života na britanskim otocima, Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo
 1978. - Prix Nadar, Francuska.
 1980. - National Endowment for the Arts Council, SAD
 1987. - Grand Prix National de la Photographie, Ministarstvo kulture Francuske, Francuska
 1989. - Grand Prix National de la Photographie.
 1991. - Grand Prix Henri Cartier-Bresson, Francuska
 1992. - nagrada za fotografiju zaklade Erna and Victor Hasselblad, Švedska
 1998. - medalja i počasna stipendija (HonFRPS) Royal Photographic Societyja za stalni i važni doprinos umjetnosti fotografije.
 2004. - nagrada Cornell Capa Infinity, International Center of Photography, SAD
 2015. - nagrada Dr. Erich Salomon

Izložbe
1961. - Divadlo Semafor, Prag
1967. - Josef Koudela: Cikáni – 1961–1966, kazalište Divadlo za branou, Prag
1968. - Josef Koudela: Divadelní fotografie – 1965–1968, Divadlo za branou, Prag
1975. - Josef Koudelka, MoMA, New York City
1977.
Gitans: la fin du voyage, Galerie Delpire, Paris
Kunsthaus Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
The Tel-Aviv Museum, Israel
Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
1984. – Josef Koudelka, Hayward Gallery, London
1988./1989.
Josef Koudelka, Centre National de la Photographie, Palais de Tokyo, Pariz
International Center of Photography, New York
Akademie der Künste, Berlin
Museum Folkwang, Essen, Njemačka
IVAM, Valencia, Španjolska.
1989. – Josef Koudelka, Mission Transmanche, Galerie de l'ancienne poste, Calais, Francuska
1990. – Josef Koudelka z Fotografického dila 1958–1990, muzej Umeleckoprumyslové, Prag
1994. – Černý trojúhelník – Podkrušnohoří : Fotografie 1990–1994, Salmovsky Palac, Prag
1995./1997.
Periplanissis: following Ulysses' Gaze, Mylos, Solun, Grčka
Zappeion, Atena
Centre culturel Una Volta, Bastia, Francuska
Ville de Rodez, Francuska
Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokio
Museo di Storia della Fotografia, Fratelli Alinari, Firenca, Italija.
1998. - Reconnaissance: Wales, National Museum and Gallery of Wales, Cardiff, Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo
1999./2001.
Chaos, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rim
Cantieri Culturali della Zisa, Palermo, Italija
Palazzo Marino alla Scala, Milano
The Snellman Hall, Helsinki
Sala de exposiciones de Plaza de España, Madrid.
2002. – Josef Koudelka: Fotograf, Nacionalna galerija u Pragu
2002./2003.
Rétrospective, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, Francuska
Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Ciudad de México
Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey, Monterrey, Meksiko.
2003. – Teatro del Tempo, Mercati di Traiano, Rim
2006. – Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, Francuska: izložba i laureat nagrade Discovery
2008.
predstavljanje filma u kazalištu u Orangeu, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, Francuska
Prague 1968, Aperture Gallery, New York
Koudelka, muzej Benaki, Atena
Josef Koudelka, muzej Pera, Istanbul
Invaze, stara gradska vijećnica, Prag
2010. – Invasion Prague 68, Photo Cube Market Square, Guernsey
2012. – Zingari, Fondazione Forma, Milano
2013. – Vestiges 1991–2012, Centre de la Vieille Charité, Marseilles, Francuska
2013./2014. – Josef Koudelka Retrospective, Nacionalni muzej moderne umjetnosti, Tokio
2014./2015. – Josef Koudelka: Nationality Doubtful, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Getty Center, Los Angeles.
2016./2017. - "Exiles / Wall", Netherlands Photo Museum.

Izdanja
Diskutujeme o moralce dneska, Nakladatelstvi Politické Literatury, Čehoslovačka, 1965.
Kral Ubu: Rozbor inscenace Divadla Na Zabradli v Praze (s Alfredom Jarryjem), Divadelni Ustav, Čehoslovačka, 1966.
 Rozbor insenace Divadla Na zabradli v Praze, 1966.
 Josef Koudelka, 1968.
Gitans : la fin du voyage. Paris: Robert Delpire, Gypsies, SAD: Aperture, , 1975.
Josef Koudelka: I Grandi Fotografi, Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri, Italija, 1982.
Josef Koudelka Photo Poche, Centre National de la Photographie, Francuska, 1984.
 Josef Koudelka. Photographs by Josef Koudelka. Uvod Bernarda Cuaua. Centre National de la Photographie, Pariz, 1984.
 Exiles.
Paris: Centre National de la Photographie; Paris: Delpire Editions; New York: Zaklada Aperture; London: Thames & Hudson, 1988., .
Paris: Delpire Editions; New York: Aperture, 1997. Revidirano izdanje.
London: Thames & Hudson (); New York: Aperture, 2014. (). Revidirano i prošireno izdanje. Esej Czesława Miłosza. Komentari s Josefom Koudelkom i Robertom Delpireom.
Josef Koudelka, Mission Photographique Transmanche, Francuska: Editions de la Différence, 1989.
Animaux, Trois Cailloux/maison de la Culture d'Amiens, Francuska, 1990.
 Prague 1968, France: Centre National de la Photographie, 1990.
Josef Koudelka: Fotografie Divadlo za branou 1965–1970, Divadlo za Branou II, Češka, 1993.
 Josef Koudelka. Photographs by Josef Koudelka, Hasselblad Center, 1993.
Cerný Trojuhelník – Podkrušnohorí : Fotografie 1990–1994, Vesmir, Češka, 1994.
Photopoche: Josef Koudleka Francuska: Cnp, 1997., .
Reconnaissance Wales, Cardiff, Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo: Fotogallery/ National Museums and Galleries of Wales, 1998., .
Chaos, Francuska: Nathan/Delpire; Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo: Phaidon Press; Italija: Federico Motta Editore, 1999., .
Lime Stone, Francuska: La Martinière, 2001.
Josef Koudelka, Češka: Torst, 2002., .
Théâtre du Temps, Francuska: Actes Sud, ; (Teatro del Tempo), Italija: Peliti Associati; Grčka: Apeiron, 2003.
L'épreuve totalitaire (esej Jean-Pierrea Montiera), Delpire, Francuska, 2004.
Koudelka: Camargue, Francuska: Actes Sud, 2006., .
Koudelka, France: Delpire; Italija Contrasto; SAD: Aperture; Ujedinjeno kraljevstvo: Thames & Hudson; Njemačka: Braus; Španjolska: Lunwerg; Češka: Fototorst, 2006.
Joseph Koudelka Photofile, Thames & Hudson, 2007., .
Invasion 68: Prague SAD: zaklada Aperture, ; Francuska: Editions Tana, , 2008.
Koudelka Piedmont Contrasto, 2010., .
Roma. Göttingen: Steidl, 2011. .
 Lime, 2012., Pariz: Éditions Xavier Barral, .
 Wall, 2013., zaklada Aperture, .

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice
Magnum Photos: Josef Koudelka
 Masters of Photography: Josef Koudelka
 Masters of Photography: On Exile, napisao Czesław Miłosz, uvod iz knjige Exiles (1988.)
Hagen, C., Photography View: Josef Koudelka's Melancholy Visions of Gypsy Life, 9. svibnja 1993., New York Times
Velinger, J., A look at the Josef Koudelka retrospective Radio Praha, 10. siječnja 2003.
 Metropolis Japan: Josef Koudelka Retrospective, 5. prosinca 2013.
Mikić, K., Josef Koudelka, Fotografija.hr, 11. ožujka 2011.
Kosanović, J., Koudelka: Ja sam čovjek od očiju, a ne čovjek od mozga, Slobodna Dalmacija, 13. listopada 2010.

Intervjui
 Glaviano, A., Josef Koudelka (o izložbi "Gypsies"), Vogue Italy, 7. studenog 2012.
 Frank Horvat: Josef Koudelka (intervju), siječanj i ožujak 1987.

Fotografi Magnum Photosa

Josef Koudelka


වොන් ට්‍රැප් බැරන්වරිය ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙන,  මරියා ඔගස්ටා වොන් ට්‍රැප් (විවාහයට පෙර කුට්චේරා; 26 ජනවාරි 190528 මාර්තු 1987), යනු ට්‍රැප් ෆැමිලි සිංගර්ස් හී සුළු මව සහ මාතෘමූලිකයා විය.  ඇය විසින් රචිත ද ස්ටෝරි ඔෆ් ද ට්‍රැප් ෆැමිලි සිංගර්ස් 1949 වසරෙහිදී ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කෙරිණි. මෙම කතාන්තරය විසින් ද ට්‍රැප් ෆැමිලි නම් 1956 වසරෙහි බටහිර ජර්මානු චිත්‍රපටයටද, ද සවුන්ඩ් ඔෆ් මියුසික් (1959) නම් බ්‍රෝඩ්වේ සංගීත නාට්‍යයටද, 1965 වසරෙහි එම නමම දැරූ චිත්‍රපටයටද බලපෑම් ඇති කළේය.

මරණය
1987 මාර්තු 28 දිනදී (වයස 82) හෘද අකරණිය හේතුවෙන් මොරිස්විල්, වර්මෝන්ට් හිදී මරියා වොන් ට්‍රැප් මිය ගියේ සැත්කමෙන් දින තුනක් ගත වෙත්මය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

මරියා වොන් ට්‍රැප්


Pablo Salinas Herrera est un joueur d'échecs chilien né le  à Concepción et grand maître international depuis 2019.

Au , il est le deuxième joueur chilien avec un classement Elo de .

Biographie et carrière
Pablo Salinas Herrera a remporté le championnat chilien en 2011, 2012, 2019, 2021, 2022 (avec 9,5 points sur 11) et 2023.

Lors du championnat continental panaméricain 2018, il finit à la troisième place. Lors du premier tour de la Coupe du monde d'échecs 2021, il battit le Danois Mads Andersen avant de perdre au deuxième tour face à Peter Svidler. Lors du championnat continental panaméricain de 2022, il finit à la huitième place.

Il a été sélectionné dans l'équipe du Chili lors des olympiades d'échecs de 2012 (au quatrième échiquier),  2014 (5 points marqués comme échiquier de réserve) et au troisième échiquier en 2018.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en juin 1994
Joueur chilien d'échecs
Grand maître international

Pablo Salinas Herrera


ලංකා කනිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව විද්යාලයේ ශ්රී ලංකාව වටා විවිධ ස්ථානවල  විද්යාල කිහිපයක් තිබුණු  1969 සිට  1972 දක්වා ශ්රී ලංකාව  තුල   ක්‍රියාත්මක වු  විශ්ව විද්යාලයක්   විය.1972 වර්ෂයේ එය විසුරුවා හරින ලද අතර සමහර  විශ්වවිද්යාල කොලිජියන් 1995 වසරේ  සිට ශ්‍රී ලංකා උසස්තාක්ෂණය ආයතනයන් වෙත පවරා ගන්නා ලදි.

කණිෂ්ඨ විද්යාලය පිළිබඳ සංකල්පය ලෝකය පුරාම ශීඝ්රයෙන් ව්යාප්ත වෙමින් තිබුනු සමයක. ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ මැදිහත් වීමේන්  කනිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව විද්යාල හයක් , 1969 දී පිහිටුවන ලදී.1966 අංක 20 දරන උසස් අධ්යාපන පනතේ xvi කොටසට අනුව ලංකා කණිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව විද්යාල  පිහිටුවීම සඳහා විධිවිධාන සලසා ඇත. මෙම  විශ්ව විද්‍යාල  සංවර්ධනය වෙමින් පවතින රටක මානව අවශ්යතා සපුරාලීම සඳහා නිර්මාණය කර ඇති ප්රායෝගික පක්ෂපාතීත්වයන් සහිත පාඨමාලා සපයන විශ්වවිද්‍යාලක්  වේ. කණිෂ්ඨ විද්යාලයේ මූලික අරමුණ වන්නේ ද්විතීයික මට්ටමෙන් ඔබ්බට දීර්ඝ කිරීම මගින් අධ්යාපනයට ඇතුල්වන ශිෂ්‍යයන්  සංඛ්‍යාව ඉහල නැංවිමය.

ලංකා කනිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව විද්යාල අදහස එවකට   අධ්යාපන හා සංස්කෘතික කටයුතු අමාත්යවරයා විසින් යෝජනා කරන ලදී.එවක අධ්‍යාපන ඇමතිව සිටි  එම්.ආර්.ඒ. ඊරියගොල්ල ඇමතිවරයා  1965 දී උසස් අධ්යාපනය ආයතනයන්නිරීක්ෂණය  සඳහා එක්සත් ජනපදයට ගියේය. එහිදි ඇමෙරිකාවේ දකුණු කැලිෆෝනියාවේ කණිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව  විද්යාලය  දුටු ඔහු  ඔහු මවිතයට පත්වු අතර . "අර්ධ වෘත්තීය අධ්යාපනය ලබා දීමට අධිෂ්ඨානශීලී උනන්දුවක් හා අධිෂ්ඨානයකින් යුතුව නැවත ලංකාවට පැමිණියේය. ඔහු ජාතිය වෙනුවෙන් "කණිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව විද්යාල පද්ධතිය ශ්රී ලංකාවේට හදුන්වා දිමට මුල පිරුවේය. බොහෝ අධ්යාපනඥයින් සහ දේශපාලඥයින් මෙම කර්තව්‍යය සඳහා සහයෝගය දැක්වීය.

1968 වසන්තයේ පළමු පීඨ කණ්ඩායම බඳවා ගැනිමත් සමඟම 1967-68 කාලසටහන්  හා  වැඩමුලු  එවකට මෙම විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය පිහිටුවිම සඳහා මුල්වි සිටි  මහාචාර්යවරුන්ගෙන් හතරෙන් එකක් වන චාර්ල්ස් සී කොලීන්ස් විසින් සැලසුම් කරන ලදි. එය  මහාචාර්ය හන් සහ වෛද්ය විජේවර්ධන මහතාගේ කාර්යය ඵල දැරිමක් විය. ජාතියේ ඉතිහාසයේ ප්රථම වතාවට, කණිෂ්ඨ විශ්ව විද්යාලවල පද්ධතිය අරම්භය සනිටුහන් වුයේ එසේය.

ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණිෂ්ඨ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය


2nd Coming es el primer demo de la banda Argentina de Death Metal Burden Rage. Fue lanzado en noviembre de 2008, cuenta con 3 temas de estudio y 3 temas en vivo grabados el 27 de septiembre de 2008 en Green Hell.

Lista de canciones

Créditos

 Yalal Yoma - Batería
 Pablo Toirán - Guitarra y producción
 Jorge Furno - Bajo
 Mario Zhang - Voces
 Ignacio Vulcano - Guitarra

Álbumes de 2008
Álbumes de death metal

2nd Coming


في الهندسة الرياضية، تعرف نقاط بروكار على أنها نقاط خاصة في المثلث. سميت على اسم الرياضياتي الفرنسي هنري بروكار (1845 – 1922).

تعريف
في المثلث ABC الذي له الأضلاع a,b,c حيث رؤوسة هي A,B,C بترتيب عكس عقارب الساعة، يوجد نقطة واحدة فقط P بحيث أن القطع المستقيمة AP,BP,CP تشكل نفس الزاوية ω بأضلاع على الترتيب c,a,b بحيث:
.

تسمى P نقطة بروكار الأولى، كما تسمى الزاويةω زاوية بروكار للمثلث. تتحقق العلاقة التالية على هذه الزاوية:

يوجد أيضاً نقطة بروكار ثانية في المثلث ABC بحيث أن القطع المستقيمة AQ, BQ, وCQ تشكل زوايا متساوية لها أضلاع b, c, وa على الترتيب. أو تكون المعادلة التالية محققة: .

انظر أيضاً
 دائرة بروكار
 مثلث بروكار

وصلات خارجية

المراجع

فرنسا في 1873
العلم في 1873
هندسة المثلث

نقاط بروكار


NGC 7216 je eliptična galaktika u zviježđu Indijancu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7216
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7216 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7216 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7200 - 7249

7216

NGC 7216


Zile (yerleşim yerleri),
 Zile (Tokat'ın bir ilçesi)
 Zile, Develi (Develi ilçesinin bir kasabası)
 Zile pekmezi Tokat'a özgü üzüm pekmezi
Zalău (Romanya'da bir şehir, Türkçe adı Zile)

Zile (anlam ayrımı)


Matteo Ronto est un poète néolatin italien de la Renaissance.

Biographie

Né en Grèce de parents vénitiens, il prit l'habit religieux parmi les Olivetains et passa sa vie dans un couvent de cet ordre à Sienne, où il mourut en 1442. Il essaya de traduire la Divine Comédie de Dante en autant de tercets latins qu'il y en avait d'italiens dans l'original. C'était reprendre l'idée primitive du poète florentin, qui, suivant Boccace, Mannetti et autres biographes, avait eu le projet d'écrire son poème en latin. On sait que de son temps la langue « vulgaire » était méprisée ; Pétrarque s'excuse presque d'avoir écrit dans cette langue, et il comptait beaucoup plus sur la durée d'un poème latin dont on ne connaît plus que le titre, que sur celle de son désormais célèbre Canzoniere. On voulut ensuite latiniser les chefs-d'œuvre de la poésie italienne, et le Tasse, l'Arioste, Dante trouvèrent des hommes pour se charger de ce travail. Ces essais ont néanmoins été oubliés depuis. Dans plusieurs bibliothèques d'Italie on conserve des copies de la version de Ronto ; on en cite même un exemplaire d'une grande beauté, orné de miniatures, et dans lequel chaque chant est précédé d'un argument en prose italienne par Boccace, et chaque Cantica terminée par un Capitolo en tercets, qui en contient l'épilogue, et qu'on attribue aussi à Boccace ou à Jacopo Alighieri, fils de Dante. Pour juger du succès de Ronto, on peut examiner les fragments rapportés par Vandelli, Mehus, degli Agostini et Zaccaria. Ronto a écrit aussi la Storia dell'invenzione e traslazione de' sacri corpi di S. Maurelio e del B. Alberto, tous les deux évêques de Ferrare. Les pères bollandistes n'ont fait aucune mention de cet ouvrage, quoiqu'ils aient parlé (Acta Sanctorum, , ) de cette même translation. On a également de lui une Vie d'Alexandre V, en mauvais latin, publiée dans le tome 4 des Miscellanées de Lucques. D'après le témoignage de Ronto, ce pape était né en Grèce et non pas en Italie, comme plusieurs écrivains l'ont assuré. Dans la bibliothèque du marquis Ricciardi à Florence, on conservait une traduction que ce même auteur avait faite, en prose italienne, des sept Psaumes pénitentiaux. On a disputé longtemps sur la patrie de Ronto. Lancellotti (Hist. Olivet., lib. 1, , et Michelangelo Belforti, Chronol. Cænobior. viror. illust. Congreg. Montis-Oliveti, ), l'ont regardé comme Vénitien, tandis qu'Enéas Sylvius, dans ses Comment., publiés sous le nom de Gobellinus, l'a cru Sicilien. Mais outre que Mongitore ne l'a pas compris parmi les auteurs cités dans sa Bibliotheca Sicula, Ronto lui-même s'est déclaré Grec dans une espèce de prologue, placé en tête de sa version latine du poème de Dante :

Notes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Poète italien du XIVe siècle
Poète italien du XVe siècle
Naissance en Crète
Décès en 1442
Décès à Ferrare

Matteo Ronto


Francisco de Souza Pinho ou simplesmente Francisco Pinho (São João do Sul, ) é um comerciante e político brasileiro.

Carreira política
Francisco Pinho foi filiado ao Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) e também ao Partido da Frente Liberal (PFL) que posteriormente começou a se chamar Democratas (DEM).

Nas eleições municipais de Gravataí em 1996, foi eleito vereador pelo PTB com 1.139 votos.

Nas eleições municipais de Gravataí em 2000, foi reeleito vereador pelo PTB com 1.550 votos.

Nas eleições municipais de Gravataí em 2004, foi reeleito vereador mais uma vez, novamente pelo PTB, com 2.959 votos.

Nas eleições estaduais de 2006, concorreu ao cargo de deputado estadual, pelo PFL conseguindo 14.324 votos e ficando como suplente,mas chegou a assumir o mandato parlamentar, na vaga do deputado José Sperotto, que teve seu mandato suspenso.

Nas eleições municipais de Gravataí em 2008, foi reeleito vereador novamente, dessa vez pelo DEM, com 2.038 votos; mas renunciou seu mandato como vereador para assumir a titularidade de deputado estadual na Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, já que era suplente e foi efetivado pela suspensão do mandato do titular José Sperotto.

Nas eleições estaduais de 2010, concorreu novamente ao cargo de deputado estadual pelo DEM conseguindo 16.165 votos e ficando como suplente.

Ainda em 2010, foi um dos Deputados Estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul que votou a favor do aumento de 73% nos próprios salários em dezembro, fato esse que gerou uma música crítica chamada "Gangue da Matriz" composta e interpretada pelo músico Tonho Crocco, que fala em sua letra os nomes dos 36 deputados (inclusive o de Francisco Pinho) que foram favoráveis a esse autoconcedimento salarial; Giovani Cherini como presidente da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul na ocasião entrou com uma representação contra o músico, Cherini falou que era um crime contra honra e o título era extremamente agressivo e fazia referência a criminosos que mataram o jovem Alex Thomas, na época Adão Villaverde que se tornou o sucessor na presidência da Assembleia Legislativa, expressou descontentamento discordando da decisão de Cherini, mas em agosto do mesmo ano o próprio Giovani Cherini ingressou com petição pedindo o arquivamento contra o músico com a alegação que não era vítima no processo (seu nome não aparecia na letra, pois como presidente do parlamento gaúcho na ocasião não podia votar) e que defendia a liberdade de expressão, na época Tonho recebeu apoio de uma loja que espalhou 20 outdoors pela capital Porto Alegre e também imenso apoio por redes sociais.

Nas eleições municipais de Gravataí em 2012 foi eleito vice-prefeito pelo DEM com 51.283 votos, concorrendo pela coligação "Gravataí mais humana e mais moderna" composta por PP-PTB-PMDB-PR-PPS-DEM-PSDC-PHS-PTC-PSD, o prefeito eleito foi Marco Alba do PMDB.

Desempenho eleitoral

 Notas
 Estava exercendo o cargo de vereador em Gravataí, quando renunciou para assumir em 22 de dezembro de 2009 o mandato de deputado estadual na Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, na vaga do deputado José Sperotto, que teve seu mandato suspenso.

Naturais de Santa Catarina
Naturais de São João do Sul
Vereadores de Gravataí
Deputados estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul
Membros do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro
Membros do Democratas (Brasil)
Membros do União Brasil

Francisco Pinho


العوضي مصطفى السيد الوكيل (1915 - 1983)؛ شاعر مصري من مواليد قرية دماص مدينة ميت غمر بمحافظة الدقهلية بمصر، وتوفي في القاهرة.

عاش في القاهرة والإسكندرية، وزار أكثر العواصم العربية مشاركاً بشعره في مؤتمراتها، منها مؤتمر البحتري بدمشق. تخرج في مدرسة دار العلوم العليا عام 1937. اشتغل بالتدريس في المدارس الابتدائية والثانوية بالقاهرة حتى عام 1946، ثم نقل سكرتيرًا فنيًا لوزير الأوقاف، فوزير المواصلات، فمديراً لإدارة مخازن مصلحة البريد، كما عمل مستشاراً بمجلس الدولة، ومراقبًا لبرامج الأطفال في الإذاعة المصرية، ووظائف فنية أخرى، كان آخرها: وكيل وزارة الثقافة.

دواوينه الشعرية
 أنفاس في الظلام، (بالاشتراك) 1935
 تحية الحياة، المطبعة العصرية، القاهرة، 1936،
 أغاني الربيع، مكتبة وادي النيل، القاهرة، 1936،
 أصداء بعيدة، مكتبة مصطفى البابي الحلبي، القاهرة، 1945
 ديوان النيل 1950
 رسوم وشخصيات، مطبعة الاعتماد، 1960،
 شفق، دار الزيني للطباعة والنشر، القاهرة، 1959
 فراشات ونوار، المؤسسة المصرية العامة للتأليف والنشر، القاهرة، 1964
 أشعار إلى الله، المجلس الأعلى للشؤون الإسلامية، القاهرة، 1972
 عالمي الصغير، (د.ت)،

أعمال أخرى
 مطالعات وذكريات: ادب وتاريخ
 من مراثي الحيوان في الشعر العربي
 العقاد والتجديد في الشعر، 1967
 قضية السفود بين العقاد وخصومه
 الشعر بين الجمود والتطور
 من أمهات الكتب العربية
 ترجم - بالاشتراك مع زوجه - كتاب: «أعلام الشعر في فرنسا»،
 له «شرح ديوان المتنبي» - نشرته دار الشعب مجزّأً - القاهرة،
 «مراجع في أصول اللغة والأدب»،
 «الشعر بين الجمود والتطور» - المكتبة الثقافية، رقم 114 - القاهرة، 1964،

يعد الشاعر أحد تلاميذ مدرسة العقاد الشعرية، إذ تبدو في شعره تلك المسحة الفكرية التأملية، وإن لم يكن بالدرجة نفسها التي جاء عليها شعر العقاد، وفضلاً عن ذلك: له شعر في الطبيعة وشعر في الغزل رقيق، وقد ساعده على سهولة الإبداع اطلاعه الواسع على ذخائر اللغة ونفائس البيان في العربية.

جوائز
 حصل على وسام العلوم والفنون من الطبقة الأولى 1954.
 نال جائزة الدولة التشجيعية في الشعر 1969.
 حصل على وشاح الرواد الأوائل في عيد العلم 1979.
 نال وسام الاستحقاق من تونس.

مواليد 1915
وفيات 1983
شعراء وشاعرات مصريون
أشخاص من ميت غمر
مصريون حائزون على جائزة الدولة التشجيعية
مصريون حائزون على وسام العلوم والفنون

العوضي الوكيل


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම උස්බිම් යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නවතම ලෝක උරුමයයි. 2010 ජූලි 31 වන දින ලෝක උරුම කමිටුව එහි 34 වෙනි සමුළුව බ්‍රසීලියාහි දී පැවැත්වූ අවස්ථාවේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම උස්බිම් සහ හවායිහි පපහානෝමොකුවාකියා ලෝක උරුම ලෙස ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කලේය.  මෙම උරුමයට සමනළ අඩවිය රක්ෂිතය, හෝටන් තැන්න ජාතික උද්‍යානය, නකල්ස් සංරක්ෂිත වනාන්තරය අයත් වේ. මේවා වැසි වනාන්තර වන අතර උච්චය මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට  දක්වා ළඟා වේ. මෙම ප්‍රදේශය වලස් වඳුරා (කළු වඳුරු උපවිශේෂයක්) සහ හෝටන් තැන්න උනහපුලුවා (රත් උනහපුලු උපවිශේෂයක්)  ඇතුළු  විවිධ ක්ෂීරපායි ජීවී විශේෂ කිහිපයකටම  රැකවරණය සළසයි.

මෙය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 1988 දී සිංහරාජ රක්ෂිත වනාන්තරය නම් කිරීමෙන් අනතුරුව, වර්ෂ 22 කින් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කල ප්‍රථම ලෝක උරුමයයි. මුලින් මිශ්‍ර ස්වභාවික සහ සංස්කෘතික උරුමයක් ලෙස යෝජනාව භාර දුන් නමුත් කමිටුව පිලිගත්තේ උරුමයේ ස්වභාවික අගයන් පමණි.

අඩවි
ශ්‍රී ලංකා කඳුකර වැසි වනාන්තර මධ්‍යම කඳුකරයේ සහ නකල්ස් කඳු වැටියේ  ට වඩා ඉහළින් පිහිටි කඳුකර සහ උපකඳුකර තෙත් වනාන්තර නියෝජනය කරයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට ආවේනික සපුෂ්පක ශාක වලින් අඩක් සහ ආවේනික පෘෂ්ඨවාංශිකයන් ගෙන් සියයට 51ක් මෙම පරිසර කලාපයට සීමා වේ. මෙම පරිසර කලාපය අතිශය ආවේනික ක්ෂීරපායි විශේෂ පහක් සහ ආසන්න ආවේනික විශේෂ අටක් වාසභූමි කොට ගනියි. එපමණක්ද නොව මෙම පරිසර කලාපයේ අතිශය ආවේනික පක්ෂි විශේෂ පහක් සහ ආසන්න ආවේනික විශේෂ 20ක් වාසය කරයි. මෙම ලෝක උරුම අඩවියට ඇතුලත් වන රක්ෂිත ප්‍රදේශ තුන;

 සමනළ අඩවිය අභය භූමිය
 හෝටන් තැන්න ජාතික උද්‍යානය සහ
 නකල්ස් කඳු වැටිය

සමනළ අඩවිය අභය භූමියක් වන අතර හෙක්ටෙයාර් 22,380 ක භූමි ප්‍රමාණයකින් යුක්ත වන අතර 25 ඔක්තෝබර් 1940 දින පිහිටුවා ඇත. නැගෙනහිර මායිම හෝටන් තැන්න ජාතික උද්‍යානය සමඟ සම්බන්ධවේ. හෝටන් තැන්න ජාතික උද්‍යානය ප්‍රථමයෙන් 5 දෙසැම්බර් 1969 දින ස්වභාව රක්ෂිතයක් ලෙස ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කරන ලදුව 16 මාර්තු 1988 ජාතික උද්‍යානයක් දක්වා උසස් කරන ලදියි. නකල්ස් කඳු වැටිය ඊසාන දිගින් පිහිටා ඇති අතර එහි අවශිෂ්ට ශාක සහ සත්ත්ව සංහතිය මධ්‍යම කඳුකරයෙන් වෙනස්වේ.

මූලාශ‍්‍ර

ලෝක උරුම - ශ්‍රී ලංකාව

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම උස්බිම්


A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture.

Since the eighteenth century, gold medals have been awarded in the arts, for example, by the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, usually as a symbol of an award to give an outstanding student some financial freedom. Others offer only the prestige of the award. Many organizations now award gold medals either annually or extraordinarily, including various academic societies.

While some gold medals are solid gold, others are gold-plated or silver-gilt, like those of the Olympic Games, the Lorentz Medal, the United States Congressional Gold Medal and the Nobel Prize medal. Nobel Prize medals consist of 18 karat green gold plated with 24 karat gold. Before 1980, they were struck in 23 karat gold.

Military origins
Before the establishment of standard military awards, e.g., the Medal of Honor, it was common practice to have a medal specially created to provide national recognition for a significant military or naval victory or accomplishment. In the United States, Congress would enact a resolution asking the President to reward those responsible. The commanding officer would receive a gold medal and his officers would get silver medals.

Competition medals

Medals have historically been given as prizes in various types of competitive activities, especially athletics.

Traditionally, medals are made of the following metals:

 Gold (or another yellow metal, e.g., brass)
 Silver (or another grey metal, e.g., steel)
 Bronze

Occasionally, Platinum medals can be awarded.

These metals designate the first three Ages of Man in Greek mythology: the Golden Age, when men lived among the gods, the Silver Age, where youth lasted a hundred years, and the Bronze Age, the era of heroes.

The custom of awarding the sequence of gold, silver, and bronze medals for the first three highest achievers dates from at least the 19th century, with the National Association of Amateur Athletes in the United States awarding such medals as early as 1884.

This standard was adopted for Olympic competition at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. At the 1896 event, silver was awarded to winners and bronze to runners-up, while in 1900 other prizes were given, not medals.

Olympic Games

At the modern Olympic Games, winners of a sporting discipline receive a gold medal in recognition of their achievement.

At the Ancient Olympic Games, only one winner per event received an award, which was a kotinos, an olive wreath made of wild olive leaves from a sacred tree near the temple of Zeus at Olympia. Aristophanes in Plutus makes a remark why victorious athletes are crowned with wreaths made of wild olive instead of gold.
Herodotus describes a story that explains why there were only a few Greek men at the Battle of Thermopylae since "all other men were participating in the Olympic Games" and that the prize for the winner was "an olive-wreath". When Tigranes, an Armenian general, learned this, he uttered to his leader: "Good heavens! What kind of men are these against whom you have brought us to fight? Men who do not compete for possessions, but for honour".

At the 1896 Summer Olympics, winners received a silver medal and the second-place finisher received a bronze medal. In 1900, most winners received cups or trophies instead of medals. The next three Olympics (1904, 1908, 1912) awarded the winners solid gold medals, but the medals themselves were smaller. The use of gold rapidly declined with the onset of the First World War and also with the onset of the Second World War. The last series of Olympic medals to be made of solid gold were awarded at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden.

Olympic gold medals are required to be made from at least 92.5% silver, and must contain a minimum of 6 grams of gold. All Olympic medals must be at least 60mm in diameter and 3mm thick. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the Olympic host. From 1928 through 1968 the design was always the same: the obverse showed a generic design by Florentine artist Giuseppe Cassioli of Greek goddess Nike with Rome's Colosseum in the background and text naming the host city; the reverse showed another generic design of Nike saluting an Olympic champion.

From the 1972 Summer Olympics through 2000, Cassioli's design (or a slight modification) remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse. Noting that Cassioli's design showed a Roman amphitheater for what originally were Greek games, a new obverse design was commissioned for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. For the 2008 Beijing Olympics medals had a diameter of 70mm and were 6mm thick, with the front displaying a winged figure of victory and the back showed a Beijing Olympics symbol surrounded by an inset jade circle.

Winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design. The silver and bronze medals have always borne the same designs.

Other gold medal awards
The award of a gold medal, often coupled with the award of silver and bronze medals to the next place finishers, has been adopted in other sports competitions and in other competitive fields, such as music and writing, as well as some competitive games. Typically bronze medals are awarded only to third place, but in some contests there is some variety, such as International barbershop music contests where bronze medals are awarded for third, fourth, and fifth place.

See also
 List of gold medal awards

Notes and references

External links

Medals: Going For Gold! - Minerals Council of Australia
Royal Canadian Mint Interactive 3D Tour of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Medals

Numismatics
Sports terminology
Medals
Olympic medals
Medal

de:Medaille#Sportmedaillen

Gold medal


برج السلوقيان ؛ وتدعى باللاتينية: Canes Venatici.

وهو من أبراج النصف الشمالي للكرة الأرضية. ويكون مرئياً خلال فصلي الربيع والصيف.

ومن المجرات المتواجدة ضمن نطاق برج السلوقيان: مجرة الزوبعة , و مجرة عباد الشمس ، والمجرة الحلزونية مسييه 94 , والمجرة الحلزونية مسييه 106 ، و NGC4214 ,و NGC4449.

كما يوجد في كوكبة السلوقيان التجمع النجمي مسييه 3.

وأهم النجوم التي يمكن رؤيتها في برج السلوقيان: ألفا السلوقيان 2 (نجم كور كارولي)، وبيتا السلوقيان (نجم تشارا)

المصادر الخارجية
 موقع الكون في الإنترنت

معرض صور

اقرأ أيضا
 مجموعة مجرات إم51
 مجموعة إن جي سي 4631
 مجرة الزوبعة
 مجرة عباد الشمس
 مجموعة السلوقيان المجرية الثانية
 مجموعة مجرات السلوقيان 1
 قائمة النجوم في كوكبة السلوقيان

مراجع

اكتشافات جيراردو الكريموني
الكوكبات الشمالية
كوكبة السلوقيان

السلوقيان (كوكبة)


Sundhed på Bhutanesisk er en dokumentarfilm fra 2000 instrueret af Hans Wessing efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Det er vigtigere at øge bruttonationalglæden end bruttonationalproduktet. Således har den bhutanesiske konge i FN formuleret en fremtidsvision for sit land. Buddhismen spiller en stor rolle i Bhutan, og i regeringens overordnede strategi defineres udvikling som både åndelig, følelsesmæssig og økonomisk velfærd. Det danske bistandssamarbejde med Bhutans sundhedssektor skulle evalueres efter 7 års indsats. Og Udenrigsministeriets evalueringssekretariat stod for at sende et hold uafhængige og kritiske, internationale eksperter til Bhutan. Filmen følger evalueringsholdets arbejde og giver samtidig et enestående indblik i bjerglandets kultur og sundhedsvæsen, der kombinerer traditionelle behandlingsmetoder med moderne medicinske. På Det Danske Filminstituts hjemmeside www.dfi.dk findes supplerende materiale til filmen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Bhutan
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2000

Sundhed på Bhutanesisk


Die Straßenradsport-Weltmeisterschaften 1937 fanden am 23. und 24. August zum dritten Mal in Kopenhagen statt.

Rennverlauf
37,2 km/h benötigte der 24-jährige Belgier Eloi Meulenberg, um nach 297,5 Kilometern bei den Berufsfahrern Weltmeister zu werden. Es war die bisher längste Strecke, auf der ein Profiweltmeister ermittelt wurde. Sie führte über einen Rundkurs von 8,5 Kilometern. Meulenberg gewann im Spurt aus einer fünfköpfigen Spitzengruppe, die im Ziel einen Vorsprung vor dem Hauptfeld von über sechs Minuten hatte. Im Spurt knapp unterlegen erkämpfte sich der Deutsche Emil Kijewski den 2. Platz. 204 Kilometer mussten die Amateure bewältigen. Auch hier gab es einen Spurtsieg, den der italienische Fahrer Adolfo Leoni mit einem Stundenmittel von 35,2 Kilometern errang. Mit Platz drei erreichte Fritz Scheller ebenfalls für Deutschland ein hervorragendes Ergebnis.

Ergebnisse

Profis

Amateure

Weblinks
 www.radsportseiten.net
 www.the-sports.org

1937
1937
Radsportveranstaltung 1937
Sportveranstaltung in Kopenhagen


Natura 2000-område nr. 132 Rusland ligger langs Pandehave Å fra Dronningmølle Strandvej i nord til Hellebjergvej ved Villingerød i syd og ligger i Esbønderup Sogn, i Gribskov Kommune.
Det består af et habitatområde H116 og har et areal på 249 hektar og er privatejet, og den nordlige del er en del af Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland.

Områdebeskrivelse
Navnet Rusland henviser til den afsides beliggenhed i tidligere tider. Området ligger i et varieret landskab med lyng- og kratbevoksede bakker, nåle- og
løvskovsbevoksninger og i områdets østlige del en bred ådal med den lille Pandehave Å.
For 7000 år siden strakte en fjordarm fra Øresund sig ind gennem ådalen, hvis skråninger i dag afgrænser den tidligere fjord. Området var i 1600-1700 -årene påvirket af sandflugt, og det aflejrede sand har nogle steder dannet indlandsklitter, hvor der findes en særlig vegetation.

Der er en del forekomster af hede- og overdrevsnaturtyper, som især ligger på og langs
åsen på vestsiden af ådalen. Men også på østsiden af ådalen ligger et stort, fint overdrev. I dalen ned mod åen findes et areal med en særligt artsrig forekomst af surt overdrev på gamle klitter af flyvesand. Natura 2000-området er
også kendt for sin ret store forekomst af enekrat og for sine bevoksninger af krat og skov med ældre løv- og nåletræer på tør, næringfattig bund. Især på skrænterne ned mod ådalen ses gammel skovmed bøg og eg.

Natura 2000-området består af Habitatområde nr. H 116 og
ligger i Gribskov Kommune i Vandområdedistrikt II Sjælland i vandplanopland 2.3 Øresund

Fredninger
Ca. 260 ha er fredet af flere omgange. Fredningen, der går helt op til kysten, har til formål at sikre de landskabelige værdier og befolkningens adgang.

Se også
 Internationale naturbeskyttelsesområder i Danmark
 Naturtyper i Danmark

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Kort over området på miljoegis.mim.dk
 Naturplanen
 Basisanalysen 2016-21

Natura 2000-planer
EU-habitatområder i Danmark
Fredede arealer i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Gribskov Kommune

Natura 2000-område nr. 132 Rusland


Der Mount Geryon ist ein Berg im Zentrum des australischen Bundesstaates Tasmanien. Er liegt in der Du Cane Range am Ostrand des Cradle-Mountain-Lake-St.-Clair-Nationalparks und steht in der Reihe der höchsten Berge Tasmaniens an 9. Stelle.

Der Berg ist eine bekannte Sehenswürdigkeit im Nationalpark und beliebt bei Wanderern und Bergsteigern. Es gibt mehr als 40 verschiedene Aufstiegsrouten, einige davon überwinden mehr als 300 Höhenmeter. Am bekanntesten allerdings sind die 500 m hohen Ostabbrüche des Mount Geryon.

Der Pool of Memories, ein bekannter Bergsee, liegt in der Nähe.

Eintausender
Berg in Australien und Ozeanien
Berg in Tasmanien
Tasmanische Wildnis

Mount Geryon


Die ESI Group stellt Software für virtuelle Prototypen her, das heißt, es wird CAD- und CAE-Software eingesetzt, um die Funktion und das physische Verhalten von technischen Produkten (beispielsweise Automobile oder Flugzeuge) numerisch zu simulieren. Die Software wird von Unternehmen aus der Automobilindustrie, Luftfahrt und Energieversorgung im Rahmen der Entwicklung und Konstruktion eingesetzt.

Das Unternehmen begann 1973 als ingenieurtechnisches Beratungsunternehmen für Luftfahrt-, Wehrtechnik- und Energieversorgungsunternehmen. 1985 entwickelte ESI zusammen mit einem deutschen Konsortium, geführt von Volkswagen, die Crashtest-Simulations Software PAM-CRASH. Am 6. Juli 2000 erfolgte der Börsengang am Pariser "Nouveau Marché" Aktienmarkt der NYSE Euronext.

Im Februar 2004 kamen durch die Unternehmensübernahme der CFD Research Corp die Simulationsprogramme CFD-ACE+, CFD-FASTRAN, CFD-VISCART und CFD-CADalyzer für numerische Strömungsmechanik zum Softwareprogrammpaket hinzu. Am 12. September 2012 akquirierte ESI das Unternehmen OpenCFD Ltd, welches die CFD-Software OpenFOAM unter der GPL-Lizenz entwickelt. Am 27. Februar 2017 akquirierte ESI das Unternehmen Scilab Enterprises SAS das die Software Scilab veröffentlicht.

Die ESI Group ist im Aktienindex CAC Small der Pariser Börse gelistet.

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmen (Paris)
Softwarehersteller (Frankreich)

ESI Group


Pargitaguse ist ein Dorf (estnisch küla) in der Gemeinde Jõhvi (Jõhvi vald). Es liegt im Kreis Ida-Viru (Ost-Wierland) im Nordosten Estlands.

Das Dorf hat sechs Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2012). Es liegt südöstlich der Stadt Jõhvi.

Weblinks
 Beschreibung (estnisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Estland
Jõhvi

Pargitaguse


Bolluca Çocuk Köyü, kimsesiz çocukların bakımı için, 1992'den bu yana SOS çocuk köyü modeline uygun olarak, İstanbul'un Arnavutköy ilçesine bağlı Bolluca Beldesi'nde hizmet vermekte olan çocuk köyü.

Türkiye Korunmaya Muhtaç Çocuklar Vakfı (TKMÇV) tarafından 1992 yılında hizmete açıldı. Köyde 12 müstakil evde yardıma muhtaç sekizer çocuk barınıyor. Ayrıca 2 gençlik evi de bulunuyor. Zihinsel ve bedensel özrü bulunmayan 0-8 yaş arası bakılmaya muhtaç çocukların kabul edildiği çocuk köyünde büyüyen çocuklar, hayatlarını kendileri idare edebilecek duruma gelinceye kadar bakılıyorlar.

Köy, merhum iş adamı, Sabri Akın tarafından vakfa bağışlanan 52 dönüm arazi üzerinde Avusturya merkezli SOS Uluslararası Çocuk Köyleri Kurumu'nun desteğiyle inşa edildi. Bolluca Çocuk Köyü, TKÇMV tarafından yapılan araştırma sonucunda Türkiye Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu'na (ÇEK) ait yurtlarda yaşanan sorunların ortadan kaldırıldığı bir model olduğu düşüncesi ile SOS Çocuk Köyleri Kurumu'nun çocuk köyü modeli örnek alındı. Urla'da, ÇEK tarafından yönetilen Barbaros Çocuk Köyü'nde de aynı sistem yürütülüyor.

Bolluca Çocuk Köyü'nde çocukların bakım sistemi şu şekilde işliyor: Her aile evinde 25-40 yaş arası dul ya da boşanmış, orta öğrenimini tamamlamış kadınlar istihdam ediliyor ve koruyucu anne eğitimi alarak görev yapıyorlar. Köydeki çocuklar, Alman bir girişimci tarafından yaptırılan Bolluca Çocukköyü İlköğretimokulu'nda ve yöredeki okullarda okuyorlar; orta okul çağı ve üzerindeki çocuklar yaz tatilinde 2 ay konfeksiyon, laboratuvar, kuaför ve benzeri yerlerde çırak olarak çalışıyorlar. Köyde, ergenlik çağına gelen erkek çocuklar 24 kişi kapasiteli gençlik evlerinde 6 'şar kişilik dairelerde yaşıyorlar ve hayata atılana kadar gençlik evinde kalabiliyorlar. Kız çocuklar ise büyüdükten sonra "teyze evlerinde" kalıyorlar. Köyde aile evi ve gençlik evlerinin yanı sıra misafirhane, teknisyenevi, kütüphane, oyunparkı, spor sahası gibi tesisler yer alıyor.

Dış bağlantılar
 S.O.S Çocuk Köyleri Kurumu web sitesi
 3D Tanıtım Projesi
 Refah-Yol, çocuk köyü projesine neden onay vermedi?
 'Bu çocuklar bize emanet'
 AB fonlarıyla kurulan Arnavutköy'deki yatılı bölge okulu kapatılıyor
 Çocuk köyleri çoğalmalı
 Bolluca Çocuk Köyü, iş hayatına hazırlanıyor
 Koruncukköy 26 yılda 400 çocuğa sıcak yuva oldu

Çocuklar
Çocuk Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü
Arnavutköy

Bolluca Çocuk Köyü


Andrija (?, 1268. – ?, 1278.), ugarski kraljević i hrvatski herceg, mlađi sin hrvatsko-ugarskog kralja Stjepana V. iz dinastije Arpadovića i kraljice Elizabete Kumanke.

Godine 1272. umro je kralj Stjepan V. i nasljedio ga je maloljetni kralj Ladislav IV. Kumanac (1272. – 1290.), Andrijin stariji brat. Dvije godine kasnije, Andrija je imenovan hrvatskim hercegom, a budući da su obojica braće bila maloljetnici, njihova majka Elizabeta je upravljala kraljevstvom u njihovo ime. Na području Hrvatske i Slavonije je vladala kaotična situacija te je 1274. godine Henrik Gisingovac podigao pobunu protiv kralja Ladislava i njegove majke. Poslije njegove smrti ustali su Babonići na bunu protiv kraljice Elizabete i njenog savjetnika Joakima Pektara, koja je završila Pektarovom smrću 1277. godine. U takvoj teškoj situaciji, dogodilo se da je umro i maloljetni herceg Andrija te je jedini zakonom priznati Arpadović ostao njegov stariji brat, kralj Ladislav.

Hrvatski hercezi
Arpadovići
Životopisi, Mađarska

Andrija (herceg)


Fakılar, Çorum ilinin Alaca ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 55 km, Alaca ilçe merkezine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Alaca belde ve köyleri

Fakılar, Alaca


Sir John Eliot Gardiner MBE (født 20. april 1943 i Fontmell Magna, Dorset) er en engelsk dirigent og korleder.

Historie
Gardiner begyndte at samle erfaring ved dirigentpulten som 15-årig. Som studerende på University of Cambridge var han dirigent for Oxford og Cambridge Singers på en turné gennem Mellemøsten. Han grundlagde Monteverdi Choir i 1964 og Monteverdi Orchestra i 1968. Som studerende modtog han instruktion af Thurston Dart i London, og Nadia Boulanger underviste ham i Paris.

Sin operadebut fik han i 1969 i London med Tryllefløjten på English National Opera. Han optrådte første gang på Royal Opera House Covent Garden i 1973 med Glucks Iphigénie en Tauride. Uropførelsen i USA havde han i 1979 med Dallas Symphony Orchestra.

John Eliot Gardiner har haft sine største succeser med opførelser og optagelser af tidlig musik.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Monteverdi Productions
 Concordance covering all Bach's vocal works recorded by John Eliot Gardiner

Dorset
Dirigenter fra England
Modtagere af Léonie Sonnings musikpris
Personer tildelt Member of the Order of the British Empire

John Eliot Gardiner


Rittersberg ist der Name folgender geographischer Objekte:

 Rittersberg (Marienberg), Ortsteil der sächsischen Stadt Marienberg im Erzgebirgskreis
 Rittersberg (Gemeinde Neukirchen), Ortschaft von Neukirchen an der Enknach, Bezirk Braunau am Inn, Oberösterreich
 Rittersberg (Gemeinde Unzmarkt-Frauenburg), Streusiedlung von Frauenburg, Steiermark
sowie:
 Rittersberg (Murauer Berge), 1453 m, Berg in der Gruppe der Rottenmanner und Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark
  Rittersberg, Gymnasium am Rittersberg in Kaiserslautern

Rittersberg


**සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රියාවලියට අයත් මුලිකාංග
     * සන්නිවේදකයා
     * සන්දේශය
     * ග්‍රාහකයා

 1- සන්නිවේදකයා

     සන්නිවේදකයා යනු සන්දේශයක් ඉදිරිපත් කරනු ලබන පුද්ගලයා යි·පුලුල් අර්ථයෙන් සලකා බලන විට සන්නිවේදකයා යනු පුද්ගලයෙක් පමණක් නොව විවධ ආයතනයන්ද විය හැක·
     ජනමාධ්‍ය ආයතන වන පුවත් පත් ආයතන ˌගුවන් විදුලි ආයතන ˌ රූපවාහිනි ආයතන සන්නිවේදක තත්වයෙහිලා සැලකේ.

2-ග්‍රාහකයා
     ග්‍රාහකයා යනු පණිවිඩය ලබන පුද්ගලයායි.එහෙත් ග්‍රාහකයා සැමවිටම ග්‍රාහක තත්වයේ නොසිටි ඔහු විටෙක සන්නිවේදකයා ද වේ..එමේන්ම ග්‍රාහනයාගේ ස්වභාවය ඔවුන්ගේ දැනුම හා
     ආකල්ප මත වෙනස්වේ.එමෙන්ම සන්නිවේදනයේදි ග්‍රාහකයාගේ අආකල්ප අවස්ථා 3ක් යටතේ විග්‍රහ කරයි.
      1සන්දේශ මුලාශ්‍රය පිලිබද ආකල්ප
      2සන්දේශ ගැන ඇති ආකල්ප
      3ග්‍රාහකයාගේ ආකල්ප
                             එමෙන්ම ග්‍රාහකයා පොළඔව ගන්නා කරුණු ලෙසද කරුණු 4ක් දැක්විය හැකˌ
       1ආරක්ෂව
       2ප්‍රතිචාරය
       3පිළිගැනීම
       4නව අත්දැකීම්

3- සන්දේශය
      සන්දේශය හෙවත් පණිවිඩය යනු සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රියාවලියේ දි සම්පුර්ණ විය යුතු ලක්ෂණ 3න් 1කි.සන්නිවේදකයා හා ග්‍රාහකයා ඒකාබද්ධ කරනු ලබන්නේ පණිවිඩය තුලිනි
      පණිවිඩයේ ස්වාභාවය අනුව ප්‍රධාන කොටස් 3 තට බේදේ
          1අන්තර්ලගතය
          2සංකේතය
          3ආකර්ෂණය
                           මෙම සන්නිවේදනය ඒක පාර්ශවීය මාධ්‍යයීය ක්‍රියාවක් නොවˌ

          1- සන්නිවේදකයා→ → → → සන්දේශ→ → → → ග්‍රාහකයා
            (S)              (M)          (R)

              ↓→→→→→→→→ ප්‍රතිපෝෂණ→→→→→↓
          2- (S)→ → → → (M)→ → → → (R)

             ↓→→→→→→→→ ප්‍රතිපෝෂණ→→→→→↓
          3- S→ → → →  M → → → → → R
            ↑→→→→→→→→ ප්‍රතිපෝෂණ→→→→→↑

          4- S<-----> M <------> R

               මෙම සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රියාවන් ද මීට අයත් වේ·

සන්නාවේදන මුලිකාංග