Tiziano Longo (* 24. April 1924 in Rimini; † 10. Januar 1978) war ein italienischer Filmproduzent und -regisseur.

Leben
Longo war bereits 1943 als Darsteller in Luis Trenkers Monte Miracolo beim Film aktiv und gründete nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zahlreiche Produktionsgesellschaften, mit denen er kleinere und kleine Filme ohne große Budgets förderte, bis 1958 als Produktionsleiter, dann als Produzent. Mehrere Male arbeitete er mit Fernando Di Leo und Nello Rossati zusammen. Nachdem er 1964 als Regisseur einen kaum beachteten und verbreiteten Kinderfilm vorgelegt hatte, folgte 1973 eine Erotikkomödie nach eigenem Drehbuch, der ähnliche Werke bis 1975 folgten. Dann widmete er sich in drei Filmen dem in jenen Jahren finanziell erfolgversprechenden neapolitanischen Umfeld, das auch Mario Merola, Ciro Ippolito und Alfonso Brescia bearbeiteten. Nach 1977 zog sich Longo aus dem aktiven Geschäft zurück.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Produzent
 1962: Robin Hood – Der Löwe von Sherwood (Il trionfo di Robin Hood)
 1968: Die Unbefriedigte (Brucia, ragazzo, brucia)

Regisseur
 1964: Michelino Cuchiarella
 1973: Sedicianni
 1977: Onore e guapparia

Weblinks

 ausführliche Würdigung seiner Filme bei mymovies (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmproduzent
Drehbuchautor
Filmregisseur
Künstler (Rimini)
Italiener
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 1978
Mann

Tiziano Longo


Hajj-ulykken 2015 henviser til en ulykke den 24. september 2015 hvor mindst 717 blev mast ihjel og 863 kvæstet i byen Minā, omkring fem kilometer øst for Mekka i Saudi-Arabien. Ulykken er den dødeligste siden en anden i 1990 hvor 1.426 mennesker mistede livet.

Baggrund
Hajj er en pilgrimsfærd som udgør en af de fem søjler (religiøse grundpiller). Som troende muslim er man pålagt at udføre en pilgrimsfærd til Mekka mindst én gang i løbet af livet, hvis ens økonomiske situation og fysiske tilstand tillader det.

Det var under den årligt hajj, at ulykken skete den 24. september 2015 i byen Minā ved Mekka, som er hovedmålet for pilgrimsrejsende.

Ofre
Det antages, at alle eller de fleste, som var indblandet i ulykken, var på hajj på vej mod Mekka.

Referencer

Begivenheder i 2015
Ulykker

Hajj-ulykken 2015


Clayton Rawson (August 15, 1906 – March 1, 1971) was an American mystery writer, editor, and amateur magician. His four novels frequently invoke his great knowledge of stage magic and feature as their fictional detective The Great Merlini, a professional magician who runs a shop selling magic supplies.  He also wrote four short stories in 1940 about a stage magician named Don Diavolo, who appears as a minor character in one of the novels featuring The Great Merlini.  "Don Diavolo is a magician who perfects his tricks in a Greenwich Village basement where he is frequently visited by the harried Inspector Church of Homicide, either to arrest the Don for an impossible crime or to ask him to solve it."

Life and career
Rawson was born in Elyria, Ohio, the son of Clarence D. and Clara (Smith) Rawson. He became a magician when he was 8 years old. He married Catherine Stone in 1929, the same year he graduated from Ohio State University, and they had four children. He moved to Chicago and worked there as an illustrator.

His first novel, Death from a Top Hat, appeared in 1938.

He was one of the four founding members of the Mystery Writers of America, which presents the annual Edgar Awards in various categories of mystery writing.  All of his novels were written before the founding of this group, but in 1949 and 1967 Rawson received Special Edgar Awards for his various contributions to mystery writing and the MWA, including the founding of the organization's first newsletter, "The Third Degree". Rawson is also credited with writing the organization's first slogan: "Crime Does Not Pay—Enough".

Rawson was widely admired by his mystery-writing colleagues, and John Dickson Carr, master of "impossible crime" stories, dedicated the 1965 novel "The House at Satan's Elbow" to him. Rawson was managing editor of Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine between 1963 and his death in the United Hospital, Port Chester, N.Y., in 1971.

Rawson's burial was apparently in New York. Sometime between 2006 and 2011, his name was inscribed on his parents' double gravestone at a cemetery in Elyria, Lorain County, Ohio, noting the family connection and honoring a hometown boy who achieved fame. However, he is not buried there. The date of his death in this added inscription is incorrectly listed as 1970.

Works on the screen

At least two movies were made based on the Merlini books. One of them, Miracles for Sale (1939), was based on Death from a Top Hat but had no character named Merlini. Instead, Robert Young played the character as "The Great Morgan". The movie The Man Who Wouldn't Die (1942), starring Lloyd Nolan, was based on No Coffin for the Corpse, but the Merlini character was replaced by Michael Shayne, a popular fictional private eye at the time, created by the writer Brett Halliday.

A 30-minute pilot for a television series was created in 1951, but no further episodes were made. The Transparent Man, written by Rawson, starred Jerome Thor as The Great Merlini — who in this incarnation was a stage magician — with Barbara Cook as his assistant Julie, and featuring E. G. Marshall as a criminal.

Bibliography

As Clayton Rawson

Mystery novels
 Death from a Top Hat (1938)
 The Footprints on the Ceiling (1939)
 The Headless Lady (1940)
 No Coffin for the Corpse (1942)

Short story collections
 The Great Merlini (1979)
 The Clue of the Tattooed Man
 The Clue of the Broken Legs
 The Clue of the Missing Motive
 From Another World
 Off the Face of the Earth
 Merlini and the Lie Detector
 Merlini and the Vanished Diamonds
 Merlini and the Sound Effects Murder
 Nothing Is Impossible
 Miracles - All in the Day's Work
 Merlini and the Photographic Clue
 The World's Smallest Locked Room

Other books
 Scarne on Dice (1945) (with John Scarne)
 Al Baker's Pet Secrets (1951) (with Albert Baker)

Short stories
 The Clue of the Tattooed Man. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, December 1946. Story published without a solution as a competition for readers; solution published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, March 1947. Collected in The Great Merlini
 The Clue of the Broken Legs. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, January 1947. Story published without a solution as a competition for readers; solution published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, April 1947. Collected in The Great Merlini
 The Clue of the Missing Motive. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, February 1947. Story published without a solution as a competition for readers; solution published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, May 1947. Collected in The Great Merlini
 The Case of the Stuttering Sextant. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, March 1947. (with Baynard Kendrick)
 From Another World.  Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, June 1948. Collected in The Great Merlini
 Pictures Don't Lie. Leaflet published with a jigsaw puzzle (1949). Reprinted as Merlini and the Photographic Clue. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, August 1969. Collected in The Great Merlini
 Off the Face of the Earth.  Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, September 1949. Collected in The Great Merlini
 Merlini and the Lie Detector. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, July 1955. Story published without a solution as a competition for readers; solution published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, October 1955. Collected in The Great Merlini
 Merlini and the Vanished Diamonds. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, October 1955. Story published without a solution as a competition for readers; solution published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, December 1955. Collected in The Great Merlini
 Merlini and the Sound Effects Murder. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, December 1955. Story published without a solution as a competition for readers; solution published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, March 1956. Collected in The Great Merlini
 Nothing Is Impossible. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, July 1958. Collected in The Great Merlini. Reprinted in The Locked Room Reader: Stories of Impossible Crimes and Escapes, edited by Hans S Santesson
 Miracles - All in the Day's Work. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, October 1958. Collected in The Great Merlini
 The World's Smallest Locked Room. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, August 1971. Collected in The Great Merlini

Uncollected short stories
 Dotty Joins a Lodge. College Life, April 1931
 Dotty Has Heart Trouble. College Life, May 1931
 Dotty Gets Her Man. College Life, Summer 1931
 Dotty Hunts Pirate Gold. College Life, September 1931
 Dotty Back to Bloop!. College Life, October 1931
 Dotty's Diary. College Life, October 1932
 Dotty at a Night Club. College Life, December 1932
 The Deadly Clown. Detective Fiction Weekly 14 September, 21 September, 28 September, 5 October, 12 October and 19 October 1940

As The Great Merlini

Non-fiction
 How to Entertain Children with Magic You Can Do (1963)
 The Golden Book of Magic: Amazing Tricks for Young Magicians (1964)

As Stuart Towne

Short story collections
 Death out of Thin Air (1941)
 Death from the Past: Ghost of the Undead
 Death from the Unseen: Death Out of Thin Air
 Death from Nowhere (1943)
 Act I: The Claws of Satan
 Act II: The Enchanted Dagger
 The Magical Mysteries of Don Diavolo (2005)
 Ghost of the Undead
 Death from Thin Air
 The Claws of Satan
 The Enchanted Dagger
 Stand-In for a Kill
 Mr. Mystery
 The Man with the Radio Mind
 Ace of Death
 The Man with X-Ray Eyes

Short stories
 Ghost of the Undead. Red Star Mystery, June 1940. Collected in Death out of Thin Air
 Stand-in for a Kill. Detective Fiction Weekly, 8 June 1940. Collected in The Magical Mysteries of Don Diavolo
 Mr Mystery. Detective Fiction Weekly, 3 August 1940. Collected in The Magical Mysteries of Don Diavolo
 Death Out of Thin Air. Red Star Mystery, August 1940. Collected in Death out of Thin Air
 The Claws of Satan. Red Star Mystery, October 1940. Collected in Death from Nowhere
 Enchanted Dagger. Red Star Mystery, December 1940. Collected in Death from Nowhere
 The Man with the Radio Mind. Detective Fiction Weekly, 2 August 1941. Collected in The Magical Mysteries of Don Diavolo
 The Ace of Death. Detective Fiction, 24 January 1942. Collected in The Magical Mysteries of Don Diavolo
 The Man with X-Ray Eyes. New Detective Magazine, March 1944. Collected in The Magical Mysteries of Don Diavolo

Uncollected short stories
 The Murder from the Grave. This story was announced for publication in Red Star Mystery, February 1941, which was never published

Tricks

As Clayton Rawson
 The Card from Hell. The Jinx No. 46, 1938
 The Camel and the Needle's Eye. The Jinx No. 46, 1938
 The Force That Couldn't Be Done. The Jinx No. 46, 1938
 Behind That Door! The Jinx, Summer Extra, 1938
 Puzzle From a Top Hat The Jinx, Summer Extra, 1938
 Sixth Finger Card Rise. The Jinx No. 78, 1940
 Mass Production The Jinx No. 110, 1940
 Ghost Writer. The Jinx No. 147, 1941
 Scrambled Thoughtwaves. The Phoenix No. 3, 1942
 Card Switch. The Phoenix No. 3, 1942
 Out of the Smoke. The Phoenix No. 11, 1942 (with Dave Spindell). Reprinted in The Best in Magic (1956)
 No Corpse for the Coffin. The Phoenix No. 14, 1942
 Twist for Ring and String. The Phoenix No. 25, 1942
 The Cockeyed Cards. Prepared Cards and Accessories: Miracle Methods No. 3 (1942). Reprinted in The Living End (1972)
 The Force That Couldn't Be Done. Full Deck of Impromptu Card Tricks (1943)
 Slate Sleights. The Phoenix No. 35, 1943
 The Backward Ghost. The Phoenix No. 37, 1943
 A Sucker Bet. The Phoenix No. 50, 1943
 Page Force. The Phoenix No. 81, 1945 (with Ronald B Edwards)
 Detail Does It. The Phoenix No. 86, 1945 (with Kolmar)
 The Mental Broadcast. My Best (1945)
 The Force That Couldn't Be. Card Control(1946) (with Arthur H Buckley)
 Double-Lift Deceptions. The Phoenix No. 100, 1946. Reprinted in The Best in Magic (1956)
 1: Right in front of Your Nose!. The Phoenix No. 100, 1946. Reprinted in The Best in Magic (1956)
 2: Magic Taught in One Easy Lesson. The Phoenix No. 100, 1946. Reprinted in The Best in Magic (1956)
 3: Stream-Lined Hypnotism. The Phoenix No. 100, 1946. Reprinted in The Best in Magic (1956)
 4: The Absent-Minded Spectator. The Phoenix No. 100, 1946. Reprinted in The Best in Magic (1956)
 Strip Tease. The Phoenix No. 124, 1947
 Everyone Take a Card. The Phoenix No. 129, 1947
 The Force That Couldn't Be Done. The Phoenix No. 133, 1947
 Under the Table. The Phoenix No. 170, 1949
 In One Second Flat. The Phoenix No. 196, 1950
 Magic Scheme. Scarne on Card Tricks (1950)
 The Impossible Force. The Secret Ways of Al Baker (1951)
 Rawson Card Reading. Tarbell Course in Magic - Volume 6 (1954)
 The 90 Per Cent Perfect Change. Professional Card Magic (1961) (with Cliff Green)
 Etcetera. The Pallbearers Review Vol. 2, No. 10 (1967) (with Fred G Taylor and Jack Avis)
 Thumb Count Double Lift. The Pallbearers Review Vol. 3, No. 11 (1968)
 Magic Shuffle Variation. The Living End (1972)
 Name Your Poison. The Living End (1972)
 Further Ideas. The Pallbearers Review Vol. 9, No. 6 (1974) (with Martin Gardner)
 Date Sense. The Compleat Magick Vol. II, Issue 161 (with Walter B Gibson and Jerry Ross) (1976)
 Rawson Transit. The Fred Braue Notebooks, Issue 4 (1985)
 Simon Says. Self-Working Close-up Card Magic (with Karl Fulves)
 Little Wonder Thought Projector. The Fred Braue Notebooks, Issue 8 (1997)
 Clayton Rawson. Magic Page by Page (2011) (with Patrick Page)

As The Great Merlini
 Name Your Poison. The Jinx No. 132, 1941

Works featuring Clayton Rawson as a character

Short stories
 The 51st Sealed Room by Robert Arthur. Collected in Tantalising Locked Room Mysteries (1982), edited Isaac Asimov, Charles Harry Waugh and Martin Harry Greenberg

References

External links
 A listing of his works Click on green thumbtack to see an exhaustive list of his books and short stories.

1906 births
1971 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American mystery writers
Edgar Award winners
Ohio State University alumni
Novelists from Ohio
People from Elyria, Ohio
Writers from Chicago
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Illinois

Clayton Rawson


Touch es el tercer álbum del dúo británico de pop Eurythmics, publicado en noviembre de 1983. El álbum fue el primer número uno en el Reino Unido del dúo, y también alcanzó los top 10 en Estados Unidos. Desde entonces ha sido certificado con Disco de Platino en Estados Unidos y de Plata en el Reino Unido. Fue clasificado en número 492 en la lista de los 500 mejores álbumes según la revista Rolling Stone.

Antecedentes

Éxito internacional
En ese momento el dúo había alcanzado éxito internacional con su sencillo Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This). A continuación de esto, Touch, fue supuestamente grabado y mezclado en solo tres semanas en el propio estudio de Eurythmics, llamado The Church. Además, Touch fue también el primer álbum en ser lanzado simultáneamente tanto en LP como en el nuevo formato de CD en los Estados Unidos.

Sencillos
El álbum incluía los sencillos "Who's That Girl?" ((n.º3 R.U., nº21 EE.UU.), "Right by Your Side" (nº10 R.U., nº29 EE.UU.) y "Here Comes the Rain Again" (n.º8 R.U., n.º4 EE.UU.). El videoclip de Who's That Girl contó con una gran cantidad estrellas británicas, entre ellas la futura esposa de Stewart, Siobhan Fahey de Bananarama, y a Meryl Streep, que se puede ver junto a Stewart al principio del vídeo. También se puede ver a Lennox interpretando tanto a un hombre como a una mujer. Más tarde, Lennox volvió a presentar esta imagen vistiéndose de Elvis Presley en los Premios Grammy de 1984.

Relanzamiento
En el 2005, SonyBMG relanzó el catálogo de Eurythmics al mercado bajo el nombre de "2005 Deluxe Edition Reissues". Cada uno de sus ocho discos de estudio originales fueron aumentados con temas extra y remezclas.

Premios y distinciones
En el 2003, el álbum fue situado en el puesto 500 en la lista de los 500 mejores álbumes de todos los tiempos de la revista Rolling Stone.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones escritas por Annie Lennox y David A. Stewart, excepto cuando se indique.

2005 Special edition bonus tracks

Listados

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Álbumes de Inglaterra de 1983
Álbumes de RCA Records
Álbumes en inglés
Álbumes de música electrónica
Álbumes número uno en Reino Unido
Álbumes de Eurythmics
Álbumes excluidos de la lista de los 500 mejores álbumes de todos los tiempos según Rolling Stone

Touch (álbum de Eurythmics)


Kung Fu Panda 2 este un film animat american de tip comedie-dramă produs de DreamWorks Animation și distribuit de Paramount Pictures. Acesta este al doilea film al francizei Kung Fu Panda. Filmul a fost regizat de Jennifer Yuh Nelson în debutul său regizoral. Filmul îl numește pe Jack Black, Angelina Jolie, Dustin Hoffman, Seth Rogen, Lucy Liu, David Cross, James Hong și Jackie Chan, care reluă rolurile personajelor lor din primul film, cu Gary Oldman, Michelle Yeoh, Danny McBride, Dennis Haysbert, Jean-Claude Van Damme și Victor Garber exprimă personaje noi. În film, Po și Furiosii cinci luptă cu un păun rău numit Lord Shen, care are o armă puternică pe care intenționează să o cucerească cu China. Între timp, Po descoperă un secret teribil despre trecutul său și descoperă că Shen are legătură cu el.

Referințe

Filme DreamWorks Animation
Filme DreamWorks Pictures
Filme de animație Paramount Pictures
Filme Paramount Pictures
Filme în limba engleză
Filme din 2011
Filme cu Jean-Claude Van Damme
Filme de animație
Kung Fu Panda
Filme fantastice din anii 2010

Kung Fu Panda 2


An Brachiaria ruziziensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jacques Nicolas Ernest Germain de Saint-Pierre ngan Charles Marie Evrard. An Brachiaria ruziziensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachiaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachiaria

Brachiaria ruziziensis


16046 Gregnorman este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
16046 Gregnorman este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Reedy Creek de John Broughton. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,06 ua, o excentricitate de 0,11 și o înclinație de 12,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 16001-17000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

16046 Gregnorman


Melling-with-Wrayton ist eine Civil Parish in Lancashire, England mit 290 Einwohnern (2001), die aus dem Dorf Melling und dem Weiler Wrayton besteht. Der Ort wird im Domesday Book als Mellinge erwähnt.

Melling liegt auf einer natürlichen Anhöhe über dem River Lune, dessen Lauf einst dichter am Ort war, der sich aber nun in westlicher Richtung an den Ort Arkholme verschoben hat. Mitten im Ort befinden sich die Überreste einer Festung aus dem 12. Jh. Die Befestigung war auf einem künstlich angelegten Hügel, einer Motte, errichtet worden. Dieser Hügel erhebt sich noch heute 6 m im Garten des Pfarrhauses, er ist aber stark beschädigt worden. Überreste des Wehrturms sind nicht mehr vorhanden. Die Burg ist eine von mehreren Burgen im Tal des River Lune, die heute nicht mehr existieren, die aber einst als eine wichtige Verteidigungslinie gegen feindliche Einfälle aus dem Norden nach England, die über den Gebirgspass des Shap Summit und dann entlang dem Lauf des River Lune bei Tebay vollzogen werden konnten, schützten und noch heute den Grenzlandcharakter dieser Gegend nach der normannischen Eroberung demonstrieren.

Die Lage der Kirche St Wilfrid auf dem Festungshügel von Melling und normannische Überreste an ihren Wänden lassen vermuten, dass sie in der Kapelle des Wehrturms ihren Ursprung hat. Die ältesten heute noch vorhandenen Gebäudeteile der Kirche sind um 1300 entstanden. Doch stammt ein Großteil des Gebäudes aus dem 15. Jh. und wurde sowohl im 18. Jh. wie auch im 19. Jh. gleichermaßen umgebaut und restauriert. Die Kirche ist heute in Grade-I geschütztes Baudenkmal.

Bis 1952 hatte Melling einen Bahnhof an der Bahnstrecke der ehemaligen Furness and Midland Joint Railway, die heute Teil der Bahnstrecke Leeds–Morecambe ist.

Siehe auch
 Arkholme-with-Cawood
 Burton-in-Lonsdale
 Hornby
 Halton-on-Lune
 Whittington

Quellen
 William Farrer, J. Brownbill (Hrsg.), A History of the County of Lancaster, Bd.8, London: Constable, 1914. S. 203–204. Eintrag Melling with Wrayton. Hier: online.

Weblinks
 Melling Motte Castles of the Lune Valley - Lancashire County Council
 Church of St Wilfrid bei English Heritage
 St Wilfrid, Melling bei der Church of England

Ort in Lancashire
River Lune (Irische See)
Geographie (City of Lancaster)

Melling-with-Wrayton


Freelance (sometimes spelled free-lance or free lance), freelancer, or freelance worker, are terms commonly used for a person who is self-employed and not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. Freelance workers are sometimes represented by a company or a temporary agency that resells freelance labor to clients; others work independently or use professional associations or websites to get work.

While the term independent contractor would be used in a different register of English to designate the tax and employment classes of this type of worker, the term "freelancing" is most common in culture and creative industries, and use of this term may indicate participation therein.

Fields, professions, and industries where freelancing is predominant include: music, writing, acting, computer programming, web design, graphic design, translating and illustrating, film and video production, and other forms of piece work that some cultural theorists consider central to the cognitive-cultural economy.

Freelance practices

Types of work
According to the 2012 Freelance Industry Report compiled primarily about North America freelancing, nearly half of freelancers do writing work, with 18% of freelancers listing writing as a primary skill, 10% editing/copy-editing, and 10% as copy-writing. 20% of freelancers listed their primary skills as design. Next on the list was translating (8%), web development (5.5%), and marketing (4%).

Freelancing is projected to grow to $20–$30 billion in the next 5–7 years in India, and the freelancers in US will comprise 40% (approx.) of the workforce at the present growth rate.

Compensation
Depending on the industry, freelance work practices vary and have changed over time. In some industries such as consulting, freelancers may require clients to sign written contracts. While in journalism or writing, freelancers may work for free or do work "on spec" to build their reputations or a relationship with a publication. Some freelancers may provide written estimates of work and request deposits from clients.

Payment for freelance work also depends on industry, skills, experience and location. Freelancers may charge by the day, hour, a piece rate, or on a per-project basis. Instead of a flat rate or fee, some freelancers have adopted a value-based pricing method based on the perceived value of the results to the client. By custom, payment arrangements may be upfront, percentage upfront, or upon completion. For more complex projects, a contract may set a payment schedule based on milestones or outcomes. One of the drawbacks of freelancing is that there is no guaranteed payment, and the work can be highly precarious. In order to ensure payment, many freelancers use online payment platforms to protect themselves or work with local clients that can be held accountable.

Copyright
The question of ownership of a work's copyright arises when its author produces it on behalf of a client. The matter is governed by copyright law, which varies by country. The default ownership lies with the client in some countries and with the freelancing author in others. The degree to which either moral or economic ownership of a work for hire may be modified contractually varies by country.

United States
In the United States, where the federal constitution automatically grants ownership of the copyright only to the author, the contract agreement must explicitly use the language, that the product is "work for hire", and that the copyright is transferred to the client. Otherwise, only the freelancer will own the right to reproduce the work. Registration of copyright is not required for ownership of these rights; however, litigation against infringement may require registration, as documented in the class action lawsuit, Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick. In that case, freelance writers sued publishers for copyright violations, though the case was eventually settled for the benefit of freelance writers whether or not they had registered their copyright with the Copyright Office. Copyright is rescinded only when a freelancer signs a contract specifying that they are "working for hire," or if they are hired into employment. These rights are further specified in U.S. copyright law, Section 101 in the Copyright Act of 1976 (17 USC §101).

Demographics
A 2018 McKinsey study found that up to 162 million people in Europe and the United States engage in some form of independent work. It represents 20-30 percent of the entire working age population.

The total number of freelancers in USA is inexact, as of 2013, the most recent governmental report on independent contractors was published in 2005 by the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. At that time, there were approximately 10.3 million United States workers (7.4% of the workforce) employed as independent contractors of all sorts. In 2011, Jeffrey Eisenach, an economist at George Mason University, estimated that number of freelancers had grown by one million. While in 2012, the Aberdeen Group, a private research company, estimated that 26% (approx. 81 million) of the United States population was a part of the contingent workforce, a category of casual labor that includes freelancing.

In 2013, the Freelancers Union estimated that 1 in 3 workers in the United States was self-employed (approximately 42 million), with more than four million (43%) of those self-employed workers as members of the creative class, a stratum of work specifically associated with freelance industries, such as knowledge workers, technologists, professional writers, artists, entertainers, and media workers.

In 2016, the Freelancers Union estimated that 35% of the workforce in the United States was self-employed (approximately 55 million). This workforce earned an estimated $1 trillion from freelancing in 2016—a significant share of the U.S. economy. In 2017, a study by MBO Partners estimated the total number of self-employed Americans aged 21 and above to be 40.9 million.

The total number of freelancers in UK is also inexact; however, figures from the Office for National Statistics show that the proportion of remote workers rose from 9.2% in 2001 to 10.7% in 2011. It has been estimated, however, that there are approximately 1.7 million freelancers in the UK.

Freelancing is a gendered form of work. The 2012 Freelance Industry Report estimated that more than 71% of freelancers are women between the ages of 30 and 50. Surveys of other specific areas of freelancing have similar trends. Demographic research on Amazon Mechanical Turk revealed that the majority of its North American workers are women. Catherine McKercher's research on journalism as a profession has showcased that while media organizations are still male-dominated, the reverse is true for freelance journalists and editors, whose ranks are mainly women.

Benefits
Freelancers have a variety of reasons for freelancing, the perceived benefits differ by gender, industry, and lifestyle. For instance, the 2012 Freelance Industry Report reported that men and women freelance for different reasons. Female survey respondents indicated that they prefer the scheduling freedom and flexibility that freelancing offers, while male survey respondents indicated they freelance to follow or pursue personal passions. Freelancing also enables people to obtain higher levels of employment in isolated communities. The ability to pick and choose who the freelancer works with is another benefit. The freelancer interviews a potential client and they get to pick whether or not to work with that individual or company.

Freelancing is also taken up by workers who have been laid-off, who cannot find full-time employment, or for those industries such as journalism which are relying increasingly on contingent labor rather than full-time staff. Freelancers also consist of students trying to make ends meet during the semester.  In interviews, and on blogs about freelancing, freelancers list choice and flexibility as a benefit.

Drawbacks
Freelancing, like other forms of casual labor, can be precarious work. Websites, books, portals and organizations for freelancers often feature advice on getting and keeping a steady work stream. Beside the lack of job security, many freelancers also report the ongoing hassle of dealing with employers who don't pay on time and the possibility of long periods without work. Additionally, freelancers do not receive employment benefits such as a pension, sick leave, paid holidays, bonuses or health insurance, which can be a serious hardship for freelancers residing in countries such as the US without universal health care.

Freelancers often earn less than their employed counterparts, although sometimes the opposite is true. While most freelancers have at least ten years of experience prior to working independently, experienced freelancers do not always earn an income equal to that of full-time employment. Feedback from members suggests that web portals such as Freelancer.com tend to attract low-paying clients that, although demanding very high standards, pay ~$10 per hour or less. Low-cost suppliers frequently offer to work at rates as low as $1–$2 per hour. Because most projects require bidding, professionals will not bid because they refuse to work at such rates. This has the effect of reducing the overall quality of the services provided.

According to research conducted in 2005 by the Professional Writers Association of Canada on Canadian journalists and editors, there is a wage gap between staff and freelance journalists. While the typical Canadian full-time freelancer is female, between 35 and 55, holding a college diploma and often a graduate degree, she typically earns about $29,999 Canadian dollars before taxes. Meanwhile, a staff journalist of similar age and experience level working full-time at outlets such as the Ottawa Citizen or Montreal Gazette newspapers, earned at least $63,500 Canadian dollars that year, the top scale rate negotiated by the union, The Newspaper Guild-Communications Workers of America. Given the gendered stratification of journalism, with more women working as freelancers than men, this disparity in income can be interpreted as a form of gender pay gap. The Professional Writers Association of Canada report showed no significant difference between the earnings of male and female freelancers, though part-time freelancers generally earned less than full-time freelancers.

Remote work is often cited as an attractive feature of freelancing, yet research suggests that it introduces new sets of constraints for the process of doing work, particularly for married women with families, who continue to bear the brunt of household chores and childcare despite increases in their paid work time. For instance, three years of ethnographic research about teleworkers in Australia conducted by Melissa Gregg, a Principal Engineer and Researcher in Residence for the Intel Science and Technology Center for Social Computing at UC Irvine, raises concerns over how both physical isolation and continuous access enabled with networked digital media puts pressure on homeworkers to demonstrate their commitments through continual responses by email and to conceal their family or home life.

Internet and online marketplaces
The Internet has opened up many freelance opportunities, expanded available markets, and has contributed to service sector growth in many economies. Offshore outsourcing, online outsourcing and crowdsourcing are heavily reliant on the Internet to provide economical access to remote workers, and frequently leverage technology to manage workflow to and from the employer. Much computer freelance work is being outsourced to developing countries outside the United States and Europe.

Freelance marketplaces provide a marketplace for freelancers and buyers. Service providers or sellers create a profile where they include a description of the services they offer, examples of their work, and, in some cases, information about their rates. Buyers register and complete a basic profile, and then post projects outlining their requirements. Buyers will then bid for these projects on a fixed price or hourly basis.  Many of these websites have user review sections that affect the reputation of freelancers who list there, and which may be manipulated.

Freelance marketplaces have globalized competition for some jobs, allowing workers in high- and low-income countries to compete with one another. According to a 2016 study by the McKinsey Global Institute, 15% of independent workers used online marketplaces to find work.

These marketplaces, including Fiverr and Lyft, have been criticized as exploiting workers.

Legal aspects
Many periodicals and newspapers offer the option of ghost signing, when a freelance writer signs with an editor but their name is not listed on the byline of their article(s). This allows the writer to receive benefits while still being classified as a freelancer, and independent of any set organization. In some countries this can lead to taxation issues (e.g., so-called IR35 violations in the UK). Ghost signing has little bearing on whether a writer is a freelancer or employee in the US.

Freelancers often must handle contracts, legal issues, accounting, marketing, and other business functions by themselves. If they do choose to pay for professional services, they can sometimes turn into significant out-of-pocket expenses. Working hours can extend beyond the standard working day and working week.

The European Commission does not define "freelancers" in any legislative text. However, the European Commission defines a self-employed person as someone: "pursuing a gainful activity for their own account, under the conditions laid down by national law". In the exercise of such an activity, the personal element is of special importance and such exercise always involves a large measure of independence in the accomplishment of the professional activities. This definition comes from Directive (2010/41/EU) on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women engaged in an activity in a self-employed capacity.

The European Forum of Independent Professionals defines freelancers as: "a highly-skilled subset of self-employed workers, without employers nor employees, offering specialised services of an intellectual and knowledge-based nature". Independent professionals work on a flexible basis in a range of creative, managerial, scientific and technical occupations; they are not a homogeneous group and as such, they cannot be considered or investigated as a whole. They are generally characterised by a large portion of autonomy, a high labour productivity, knowledge intensive performance, social commitment and a large dose of entrepreneurship and specialisation.

In the U.S. in 2009, federal and state agencies began increasing their oversight of freelancers and other workers whom employers classify as independent contractors. The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommended that the Secretary of Labor have its Wage and Hour Division "focus on misclassification of employees as independent contractors during targeted investigations." The increased regulation is meant to ensure workers are treated fairly and that companies are not misclassifying workers as independent contractors to avoid paying appropriate employment taxes and contributions to workers' compensation and unemployment compensation.

At the same time, this increased enforcement is affecting companies whose business models are based on using non-employee workers, as well as independent professionals who have chosen to work as independent contractors. For example, book publishing companies have traditionally outsourced certain tasks like indexing and proofreading to individuals working as independent contractors. Self-employed accountants and attorneys have traditionally hired out their services to accounting and law firms needing assistance. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service offers some guidance on what constitutes self-employment, but states have enacted stricter laws to address how independent contractors should be defined. For example, a Massachusetts law states that companies can hire independent contractors only to perform work that is "outside the usual course of business of the employer," meaning workers working on the company's core business must be classified as employees. According to this statute, a software engineering firm cannot outsource work to a software engineering consultant, without hiring the consultant as an employee. The firm could, however, hire an independent contractor working as an electrician, interior decorator, or painter. This raises questions about the common practice of consulting, because a company would typically hire a management consulting firm or self-employed consultant to address business-specific needs that are not "outside the usual course of business of the employer."

Etymology
The term freelancer is commonly attributed to Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832) in Ivanhoe (1820) to describe a "medieval mercenary warrior" or "free-lance" (indicating that the lance is not sworn to any lord's services, not that the lance is available free of charge). It changed to a figurative noun around the 1860s and was recognized as a verb in 1903 by authorities in etymology such as the Oxford English Dictionary. Only in modern times has the term morphed from a noun (a freelance) into an adjective (a freelance journalist), a verb (a journalist who freelances) and an adverb (they worked freelance), as well as into the noun "freelancer".

See also
 Career-oriented social networking market
 Employment website
 Freelancers Union
 Freelancing in India
 Mercenary
 Misclassification of employees as independent contractors
 Outline of consulting
 Recruitment advertising
 Self-employment
 Stringer (journalism)
 Temporary work

References

External links

Employment classifications
Temporary employment

Freelancer


Zoologisk Have i København er en dansk undervisningsfilm fra 1948 instrueret af Axel Reventlow efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Filmen former sig som en rundgang i haven og er beregnet til forevisning for de mindste klasser i folkeskolen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Børnefilm fra Danmark
Undervisningsfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1948
Danske film omhandlende København i 1900-tallet

Zoologisk Have i København (dokumentarfilm)


Emilija ist ein weiblicher Vorname.

Herkunft und Bedeutung

Bei Emilija handelt es sich um eine weibliche Variante des römischen Namens Aemilius.

Verbreitung
Der Name Emilija hat sich in Litauen unter den beliebtesten Mädchennamen etabliert. Seit 2003 belegte er durchgängig einen der ersten fünf Ränge der Vornamenscharts (Stand 2021). Im Jahr 2021 stand er auf Rang 2 der Hitliste.

In Lettland zählte der Name Emīlija im beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert zu den beliebtesten Mädchennamen. Mit den Jahren sank die Popularität des Namens und er geriet außer Mode. In den späten 1990er Jahren stieg er in den Vornamenscharts auf. Im Jahr 2020 belegte er Rang 2 der Hitliste.

Varianten

 Bulgarisch:
 Lettisch: Emīlija
 Mazedonisch:
 Russisch:
 Ukrainisch:

Für  weitere Varianten: siehe Emilia#Varianten und Emil#Varianten

Namensträgerinnen

 Emilija Eduardowna Anikina (1886–1983), sowjetische Botanikerin, Genetikerin und Lehrerin
 Emilija Dimitrowa (* 1970), bulgarische Badmintonspielerin
 Emilija Dragiewa (* 1965), ehemalige bulgarische Hochspringerin
 Emilija Dschingarowa (* 1978), bulgarische Schachspielerin
 Emilija Georgieva (* 1970), Schweizer Diplomatin und Botschafterin
 Emilija Jasepowna Sonk (* 1938), ehemalige sowjetische Radrennfahrerin
 Emilija Jordanowa (* 1989), bulgarische Biathletin
 Emilija Kokić (* 1968), kroatische Pop- und Schlagersängerin
 Emilija Pliaterytė (1806–1831),  polnisch-litauische Gräfin aus der Dussiatyschen Linie
 Emilija Stajtschewa (1936–2020), bulgarische Germanistin
 Emilija Chalsberijewna Turei (* 1984), ehemalige russische Handballspielerin

Einzelnachweise

Weiblicher Vorname
Bulgarischer Personenname
Kroatischer Personenname
Litauischer Vorname
Serbischer Personenname
Slowenischer Personenname
Russischer Personenname
Ukrainischer Personenname

Emilija


Tomás Fernández Ruiz (fæddur árið 1915 í Kantabría á Spáni, dánardagur óþekktur) var knattspyrnumaður sem keppti með landsliði Kúbu á HM 1938 í Frakklandi.

Ævi og ferill
Afar lítið er vitað um Tomás Fernández. Hann fæddist á Spáni en fluttist til Kúbu þar sem hann lék knattsyrnu undir merkjum Centro Gallego.

Allnokkur knattspyrnulið frá Norður- og Mið-Ameríku skráðu sig til leiks fyrir forkeppni HM 1938. Þegar á hólminn var komið drógu þau öll sig úr keppni þar til lið Kúbu stóð eitt eftir. Fernández var valinn í landsliðshópinn og tók þátt í öllum þremur leikjum liðsins í keppninni. Liðið gerði fyrst 3:3 jafntefli við Rúmeníu og þurftu þau því að mætast að nýju nokkrum dögum síðar. Þar unnu Kúbverjar óvæntan 2:1 sigur þar sem Fernández skoraði sigurmarkið. Það er jafnframt seinasta mark Kúbu í sögu úrslitakeppna HM því liðið sá aldrei til sólar í leiknum gegn Svíþjóð í fjórðungsúrslitum.

Heimildir

Kúbverskir knattspyrnumenn

Tomás Fernández


Cüce sivri fare  (Suncus etruscus), sivri faregiller (Soricidae) familyasından ağırlığı sadece 2 gram olan, bilinen en küçük böcekçil memeli türlerinden biri.

Bu küçük memelilerin yaşam süreleri 15 aydır.

Dış bağlantılar

 americazoo.com

Asgari endişe altındaki hayvanlar
Sivri faregiller
Azerbaycan'daki memeliler
Türkiye'deki memeliler

Cüce sivri fare


Franz von Borries ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Franz von Borries (Landrat, 1785) (1785–1858), deutscher Regierungsbeamter (Minden) und Politiker
 Franz von Borries (Landrat, 1868) (1868–1943), deutscher Regierungsbeamter (Herford)
 Franz Christian von Borries (1723–1795), deutscher Adliger und Gutsbesitzer

Franz von Borries


Potres kod Petrinje 2020., prozvan i Petrinjski potres i Potres na Banovini, magnitude 6,4 MW pogodio je 29. prosinca 2020. godine u 12:19 sati Sisačko-moslavačku županiju s epicentrom 3 km jugozapadno od grada Petrinje. Maksimalni intenzitet osjećaja procijenjen je na VIII. (jako štetno) do IX. (razorno) stupanj na europskoj makroseizmičkoj ljestvici. Ovom su događaju prethodila tri velika potresa, od kojih najjači magnitude 5,2 MW. Nakon ovoga, uslijedila je serija nekoliko stotina potresa, od kojih najjači magnitude 5,0 po Richterovoj ljestvici. Poginulo je sedmero osoba, od toga petero u Majskim Poljanama, a preostali u Žažini i Petrinji.

Potres se dogodio u doba pandemije koronavirusa u Hrvatskoj. Uz ljudske žrtve, nanio je značajne materijalne štete u pogođenim područjima, ponajviše na području Banovine.

Potres se, osim u cijeloj Hrvatskoj, osjetio i u dijelovima Austrije, Bosne i Hercegovine, Crne Gore, Češke, Italije, Mađarske, Njemačke, Rumunjske, Slovačke, Slovenije i Srbije. Epicentar potresa bio je u Strašniku. Dubina potresa iznosila je 10 km.

Tektonika
Epicentar potresa nalazio se u brdovitom području južno od aluvijalne ravni na potezu od rijeka Kupe do Save, sa Zrinskom gorom i ostatkom Dinarskih Alpa na jugu.

Seizmičko područje Pokuplja slijedi dolinu rijeke Kupe od Karlovca do Siska. Ovo je područje tijekom povijesti pogodilo nekoliko potresa, od kojih je najpoznatiji veliki potres iz 1909. godine, čiji je epicentar bio u blizini Pokupskog, s naknadnim potresima koji su se nastavili tijekom 1910. godine. Imao je maksimalni intenzitet od VIII na MCS ljestvici. Ta je seizmičnost povezana s reaktivacijom normalnih rasjeda na sjeverozapad-jugoistoku, koji čine jugozapadnu granicu Panonske nizine.

Godine 1969. u sustavu rasjeda koji se proteže od Jastrebarskog preko ovoga područja dogodio se potres s epicentrom u Banjoj Luci magnitude 6,6 po Richterovoj ljestvici.

Godine 1880. potres od 6,3 po Richterovoj ljestvici pogodio je područje sjeveroistočno od Zagreba. Posljednji potres na teritoriju Hrvatske jačine 6,0 po Richterovoj ljestvici bio je u Stonu 1996. godine. Godine 1962. potresi od 5,9 i 6,2 po Richterovoj ljestvici pogodili su makarsko područje. Godine 1942. potres magnitude 6,2 pogodio je Imotski; poginulo je najmanje 20 osoba. U ožujku 2020. grad Zagreb pogodio je potres s magnitudom 5,5 po Richterovoj ljestvici. Najjači potres ikad zabilježen u Hrvatskoj bio je potres magnitude 6,7 s epicentrom između Sinja i Trilja 1898. godine, a područje sjeverno od Sinja pogodio je 1990. i potres magnitude 5,6 s trajanjem od gotovo jedne minute. Svi navedeni potresi dogodili su se na drugim rasjedima, neovisnim od rasjeda petrinjskog potresa.

Potres
Potres je bio jačine 6,4 prema momentnoj magnitudi na dubini od 10 kilometara, prema Advanced National Seismic Systemu (ANSS) i Euromediteranskomu seizmološkom centru (EMSC), dok je Seizmološka služba Hrvatske zabilježila 6,2 po Richterovoj ljestvici. Maksimalni intenzitet osjećaja bio je od VIII ("jako štetan") do IX ("destruktivan") po europskoj makroseizmičkoj ljestvici (EMS) i VIII ("ozbiljan") na modificiranoj Mercallijevoj ljestvici (MMI).

Mjesto i dubina ovoga događaja pokazuju da je riječ o potresu unutar tektonske ploče koji se dogodio kao rezultat plitkog rasjeda klizanja unutar Euroazijske ploče. Izračunavanje žarišnog mehanizma za ovaj događaj ukazuje na to da je do puknuća došlo na gotovo vertikalnom rasjedu u pravcu jugoistoka ili jugozapada.

Epicentar potresa na  (45.4002, 16.2187) nalazio se blizu sela Strašnika, kod grada Petrinje.

Posljedice razornog potresa u Petrinji

Šteta i žrtve
U Petrinji je smrtno stradala 13-godišnja djevojčica, a najmanje 26 osoba bilo je ozlijeđeno. Gradonačelnik Petrinje Darinko Dumbović izjavio je da je pola grada uništeno. 20-godišnji mladić i njegov otac izgubili su život prilikom rušenja vlastite kuće u Majskim Poljanama u blizini Gline. Još su tri osobe kasnije pronađene mrtve u istom selu. Majske Poljane najteže su pogođeno od svih naselja zahvaćenih potresom. Jedna je osoba kasnije pronađena mrtva u mjesnoj crkvi u Žažini, nakon što se ista urušila. Osim ogromne materijalne štete, mnoga naselja ostala su bez električne energije. Iste večeri struja je vraćena u Sisak, velike dijelove Zagreba, Glinu, Veliku Goricu, Topusko, Gvozd, Hrvatsku Kostajnicu i Sunju.

Hrvatska

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija
Oštećeno je nekoliko zgrada u središtu Bjelovara. Uglavnom je bila riječ o urušavanju dimnjaka i padanju crijepova. Nije bilo ozlijeđenih. Crkva Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije u Novoj Rači, glavno marijansko svetište Bjelovarsko-križevačke biskupije, pretrpjela je štetu puknuća tornja, a osobito su bili oštećeni lukovi crkve i mjesta ispod kora, stoga se ne koristi za bogoslužja dok se ne popravi. Oštećene su i crkva sv. Tri kralja u Staroj Plošćici te crkva Duha Svetoga u Velikom Grđevcu i toranj crkve Pohođenja Blažene Djevice Marije u Šandrovcu.

Karlovačka županija
U Karlovcu je oštećeno nekoliko građevina a dvije osobe bile su lakše ozlijeđene.

Krapinsko-zagorska županija
Župna crkva Blažene Djevice Marije od sedam žalosti i kapela u Strmcu kod Velikog Trgovišća pretrpjele su oštećenja zbog potresa.

Koprivničko-križevačka županija
U potresu je značajno oštećena župna crkva u Legradu. U Križevcima je prijavljeno 47 oštećenja na građevinama i automobilima. Župna crkva Sv. Margarete u Gornjem Dubovcu pretrpjela je znatna oštećenja u potresu i postala je neupotrebljiva za svete mise, a stradale su i znamenite orgulje. Crkva Presvetog Srca Isusova i sv. Ladislava u Malom Ravnu također je pretrpjela određena oštećenja, no budući da njezina statika nije znatnije narušena, u njoj se misna slavlja mogu održavati. Stradale su i crkva u Apatovcu i crkva Majke Božje Koruške u Križevcima.

Sisačko-moslavačka županija
Većina materijalne štete zabilježena je na području Sisačko-moslavačke županije. Na području Petrinje i Siska zabilježena je golema materijalna šteta; uglavnom je bila riječ o napuknutim zidovima, otpaloj fasadi, žbuki te srušenim dimnjacima. Prema prvim procjenama postojali su stanovi neupotrebljivi za daljnje stanovanje. Okolica Petrinje i Gline teško je stradala. Sisačka je biskupija objavila da je u potresu stradala sisačka katedrala Uzvišenja Svetog Križa, crkva i župna kuća u Selima i Gori, župna crkva u Žažini, Pešćenici, Odri, Hrastovci, Hrvatskom Čuntiću i Petrinji, kapela Pohoda Blažene Djevice Marije u Sisku i kapela sv. Jakova u Mošćenici. Pet škola je neupotrebljivo, a devet jako oštećeno. Oštećenja su zabilježena na više od pet stotina kulturno-povijesnih cjelina na području županije.

Glina
U Glini nije bilo poginulih, ne računajući šire područje (Majske Poljane). Većina zgrada pretrpjela je oštećenja.

Majske Poljane
Majske Poljane naselje su najteže pogođeno potresom, a ostale su oštećene gotovo sve kuće, a mnoge su i srušene. Također je naselje s najviše žrtava potresa; od sedmero žrtava, petero ljudi poginulo je u tom naselju pri urušavanju obiteljske kuće. Ostale dvije žrtve bile su u Petrinji i Žažini pored Lekenika.

Petrinja
U Petrinji, gradu najbližem epicentru, skoro sve kuće imale su oštećenja na dimnjacima i krovovima. Cijelo gradsko središte pretrpjelo je znatna oštećenja. Oštećena je 1. osnovna škola. Nastradalo je krovište gradske uprave i crkve sv. Lovre. Selo Brest Pokupski kraj Petrinje teško je stradalo u potresu. 13-godišnja djevojčica poginula je u potresu. Teško je stradao Učiteljski fakultet.

Sisak
U Sisku nije bilo poginulih i ozlijeđenih niti se ijedna građevina srušila. Najviše su stradale starije građevine u gradskom središtu. Od ulica je najviše stradala Kranjčevićeva ulica. Zbog puknutih zidova bio je zatvoren dječji odjel opće bolnice, Narodna knjižnica i čitaonica te Sisački muzej. Teško je stradao Metalurški fakultet. Na industrijskim postrojenjima te na Sisačkoj rafineriji nije bila zabilježena šteta. Sisačka opća bolnica pretrpjela je određena oštećenja, no unatoč potresu nastavila je s radom. Teška oštećenja pretrpjela je i zgrada Ogranka Marice hrvatske u Sisku.

Strašnik
U naselju Strašnik u kojem je bio epicentar potresa, a koje je bilo među najtežima pogođenim potresom malo je kuća ostalo neoštećeno, a dio stanovnika bio je evakuiran te su postavljeni šatori s hranom i vodom. Nije bilo poginulih niti ozlijeđenih. U susjednom selu Sibić oštećene su sve kuće. Mještani su većinu kuća sami sanirali isti dan.

Žažina

Jedna je osoba poginula pri urušavanju lokalne crkve, dok je troje ostalih prisutnih na mjestu uspjelo pobjeći u mjestu Žažina, pored Lekenika.

Zagrebačka županija
Nekoliko stanovnika u Turopolju te u naseljima Cerovski Vrh, Gustelnica i Bukovčak zbog potresa bilo je ostalo bez doma.

Pokupsko
U Pokupskom, među zabilježenom štetom, uglavnom su spadali crjepovi koji su propali s krovova, popucani zidovi te pločice. U jednom se vrtiću odvojilo vanjsko stubište. Primijećena su oštećenja na mjesnoj crkvi iz 18. stoljeća.

Velika Gorica
Zračna luka "Franjo Tuđman" nije pretrpjela oštećenja te je promet na istoj nastavljen u 6:55 sati prema redu letenja. U jednom vrtiću urušio se strop. U selu Kravarsko kraj Velike Gorice srušen je toranj župe Uzvišenja Svetoga Križa.

Zaprešić
Potres je prouzročio velike štete na tri višestambena objekta u centru Zaprešića, građenih 60-ih god. 20. st., iz kojih je iseljeno više od 100 obitelji, srećom, stradalih i ozlijeđenih nije bilo. Zaprešićki vatrogasci intervenirali su 40-ak puta, kako bi sanirali urušene dimnjake na obiteljskim i inim kućama. Velikih oštećenja od potresa bilo je i na zgradi suda na Trgu žrtava fašizma.

Grad Zagreb
Saborska palača pretrpjela je oštećenja. U zagrebačkim Remetama u crkvi i svetištu Majke Božje Remetske popucala je žbuka, a najveća oštećenja nastala su na slavoluku. Velika oštećenja pretrpjele su i crkve sv. Marka, sv. Katarine i crkva Krista Kralja na Mirogoju, a u bazilici Srca Isusova nastala su nova oštećenja na stropu građevine. Kraš je bio zatvorio svoju Bonbonnière trgovinu na Trgu bana Josipa Jelačića zbog oštećenja u potresu. Pojedine zgrade ostale su oštećene, a veliki dijelovi grada ostali su bez struje. Oštećenja u zagrebačkoj katedrali iz potresa devet mjeseci ranije ovim su potresom bila povećana, posebice na svodu i orebrenju.

Bosna i Hercegovina
Zgrade su oštećene u više gradova na sjeverozapadu Bosne i Hercegovine (Unsko-sanska županija i sjever Republike Srpske). Gradovi koji su ostali oštećeni bili su Bihać, Cazin, Kozarska Dubica i Bosanska Kostajnica, a koja je u BiH pretrpjela najveću štetu u potresu. U Bosanskoj Kostajnici proglašeno je izvanredno stanje, potres je uzrokovao 6 požara, a mnoge su zgrade ostale oštećene, uključujući gradsku vijećnicu, koja je proglašena nefunkcionalnom.

Slovenija
U Sloveniji, zgrade su ostale oštećene u nekoliko područja i gradova, uglavnom u blizini slovensko-hrvatske granice. Ljudi su prijavili oštećenja fasada, krovova i dimnjaka u jugoistočnim gradovima Krškom, Brežicama i starom gradu Kostanjevici na Krki. Nuklearna elektrana Krško automatski je zatvorena, a kasnije je sustavno pregledana, no nije bila prijavljena nikakva šteta. U sjeveroistočnoj Sloveniji došlo je do nestanka struje i telekomunikacija na području njezinoga središnjeg grada Maribora, oštećena je općinska zgrada u obližnjem Ptuju, a oštećena je i crkva u Svetoj Trojici. U glavnom gradu Ljubljani moralo se prekinuti zasjedanje parlamenta, a unutrašnjost zgrade istoga pretrpjela je manju štetu. U Sloveniji nisu zabilježene ozljede ljudi.

Posljedice
Nuklearna elektrana Krško u Sloveniji automatski je ugašena zbog preventivnih razloga, iako je sposobna izdržati potres magnitude 7,9 stupnjeva prema Richteru. Nuklearna elektrana Paks u Mađarskoj, udaljena otprilike 300 km od epicentralnog područja, također je osjetila potres, ali nije prestala s proizvodnjom.

Međunarodni odjek

Države
 – albanska vlada dodijelila je 250 tisuća eura za humanitarnu pomoć i buduću obnovu Petrinje.

 – Austrijska vojska organizirala je slanje 80 kontejnera s grijanjem te je Savezno ministarstvo za nacionalnu obranu Austrije ponudilo slanje specijalne jedinice AFDRU (engl. Austrian Forces Disaster Relief Unit) zaduženu za spašavanje ljudi iz katrastrofe.
   Grad Salzburg darovao 78 000 eura za stradalnike u potresu.

 Bosna i Hercegovina – Ministarstvo sigurnosti ponudilo je Ministarstvu unutarnjih poslova RH – Stožeru civilne zaštite pomoć. Ministarstvo sigurnosti Bosne i Hercegovine nakon konzultacija i koordinacije s institucijama u Bosni i Hercegovini i Hrvatskoj, stavilo je na raspolaganje dva tima za zaštitu i spašavanje. Bila je riječ o timu Federalne uprave civilne zaštite s 42 spasitelja i timu Republičke uprave civilne zaštite Republike Srpske s 18 spasitelja, koji će biti upućeni na pogođeno područje s pripadajućom opremom ako Hrvatska prihvati pomoć.

 Vlada Hercegovačko-neretvanske županije najavila novčanu pomoć Sisačko-moslavačkoj županiji.

 Grad Mostar odlučio izdvojiti 10 tisuća konvertibilnih maraka za Glinu, Petrinju i Sisak.

 Crna Gora – predsjednik Milo Đukanović poručio da je Crna Gora spremna pomoći Hrvatskoj. Dritan Abazović, potpredsjednik crnogorske vlade, dodao je da Hrvatska može očekivati da Crna Gora pruži bilo kakvu pomoć koja joj treba.

 Grčka – premijer Kyriakos Mitsotakis izrazio je sućut obiteljima žrtava, potvrđujući pritom da je grčko Generalno tajništvo za civilnu zaštitu spremno pružiti pomoć.

 Italija – premijer Giuseppe Conte poručio je putem Twittera da je Italija spremna pružiti Hrvatskoj svu asistenciju i potrebnu pomoć.

 Mađarska – premijer Viktor Orbán ponudio je pomoć u ublažavanju katastrofe i obnovi u pismu hrvatskom kolegi, premijeru Plenkoviću.

 Poljska - Deset tisuća Poljaka prikupilo je 220 000 eura za Dječji dom u Sisku. Dobrotovrnu akciju pokrenuo je publicist Witold Gadowski, a skipljeni novac svečano je primopredan predstavnicima hrvatskih institucija u hrvatskom veleposlanstvu u Varšavi.

 Rumunjska – rumunjsko Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova pokazalo je spremnost za intervenciju i pružanje podrške hrvatskim vlastima. DSU-ovi timovi za traganje i spašavanje spremni su intervenirati u Hrvatskoj na temelju zahtjeva hrvatske vlade za pomoć.

 Sjeverna Makedonija – premijer Zoran Zaev najavio je da je njegov kabinet donio odluku o slanju 6 milijuna makedonskih denara (oko 734 tisuće kuna) u Hrvatsku.

 Slovenija – premijer Janez Janša ponudio je slanje šatora, kreveta i grijalica kako bi se zbrinuli oni koji su izgubili domove tijekom potresa, također poslavši stručnjake na procjenu štete.

 Srbija – predsjednik Aleksandar Vučić izjavio je da je Srbija spremna pomoći Hrvatskoj i financijski i tehnički. Idućeg dana, Vlada Srbije donijela je odluku o doniranju 1 milijuna eura Hrvatskoj za sanaciju štete od potresa.

 Turska – predsjednik Recep Tayyip Erdoğan kontaktirao je hrvatskoga kolegu Zorana Milanovića i izrazio suosjećanje Hrvatskoj zbog potresa. Također je izjavio da je Turska spremna pružiti timove za potragu i spašavanje te svu pomoć koja bi mogla biti potrebna.

Međunarodne organizacije
 Europska unija – predsjednica Europske komisije Ursula von der Leyen poručila je da je zamolila Janeza Lenarčiča, europskog povjerenika za upravljanje krizama, da otputuje u Hrvatsku te je na svom računu na Twitteru izjavila:
 Papa Franjo je u obraćanju na općoj audijenciji u Rimu uputio poruku solidarnosti s Hrvatskom:

  Reis-ul-ulema Husein ef. Kavazović hrvatskomu je veleposlaniku u Bosni i Hercegovini uputio pismo solidarnosti s Hrvatskom:

Islamska zajednica u Bosni i Hercegovini izdvojila je 50 000 eura, a Mešihat u Srbiji je prikupio 13 000 eura. Također, finacijsku pomoć je uputila i Islamska zajednica Bošnjaka u Švicarskoj. Donacije su uručene preko Mešihata u Hrvatskoj kao pomoć potresom pogođenima dijelovima Hrvatske.

Odjek u Hrvatskoj
Vlada Republike Hrvatske otvorila je službeni bankovni račun Državne riznice pri Hrvatskoj narodnoj banci za prikupljanje donacija novčanih sredstava za potresom pogođena područja. Nakon što su gradovi Dubrovnik, Split, Šibenik i Zadar objavili otkazivanje novogodišnjih proslava i vatrometa s ciljem uplaćivanja sredstava za pomoć krajevima pogođenima u potresu, novčana sredstva za obnovu potresom pogođenih područja iz svojih su proračuna uplatili i Samobor, Rijeka, Opatija, Đakovo, Koprivnica, Križevci, Velika Gorica, Bakar, Brinje, Crikvenica, Kaštela, Knin, Varaždin, Vodice, Omiš, Osijek, Imotski, Trilj, Nin, Solin, Metković, Vinkovci, Vrbovec, Karlovac, Gospić, Trogir, Kastav, Prelog, Ivanić-Grad, Bjelovar, Zabok, Novi Vinodolski, Donja Stubica, Otok, Belišće, Istarska županija, Cres, Krk, Mali Lošinj, Rab, Lipik, Kutjevo, Pakrac, Pleternica, Požega, Supetar, Makarska, Valpovo, Drniš, Pregrada, Čakovec, Beli Manastir, Grubišno Polje, Čazma, Skradin i Ivanec. Stotine obitelji diljem Hrvatske ponudilo je smještaj za zbrinjavanje pučanstva potresom pogođenih područja.
Hrvatski nogometaš Dejan Lovren ponudio je smještaj za šesnaest obitelji pogođenih potresom u svom hotelu u Novalji. U raščišćavanju ruševina u Petrinji pomagao je košarkaš Cibone Filip Bundović. Nogometni klubovi Dinamo Zakladom »Nema predaje« i Hajduk humanitarnom akcijom »Bilo srce kuca za vas« prikupljaju novčana sredstva za pomoć stradalima u potresu. U čišćenju ruševina u Petrinji, Sisku i okolnim pogođenim područjima te prikupljanju potrepština priključili su se pripadnici navijačkih skupina »Armade«, »Bad Blue Boysa«, »Demona«, »Kohorte«, »Torcide« i »Funcuta«. Hrvatske podružnice trgovačkih lanaca Lidla i Kauflanda donirale su 15 milijuna kuna na račun državnog proračuna za potrebe obnove pogođenih područja.

Hrvatska biskupska konferencija donijela je odluku o darivanju sedam milijuna kuna žurne financijske pomoći pogođenim područjima. Caritasi hrvatskih biskupija i nadbiskupija uputili su apele za prikupljanje novčane i humanitarne pomoći, a Caritasove podružnice dopremile su i raspodijelile desetke tona robe i potrepština na pogođenim područjima. Slovenski Caritas prikupio je više od 110 tisuća eura novčane pomoći, a skopski biskup i strumičko-skopski eparh Kiro Stojanov pozvao je vjernike i župe u Sjevernoj Makedoniji na sudjelovanje u humanitarnoj akciji Makedonskoga Caritasa. Talijanska biskupska konferencija i Talijanski Caritas darovali su pola milijuna eura novčane pomoći Hrvatskoj. Hrvatski Caritas darovao je, u suradnji s međunarodnim Caritasom i Malteškim redom stotinu stambenih modula tvrtke »Tehnix« za obitelji u području epicentra prvotnog potresa. Tvrtka »Jedinstvo« iz Krapine isporučila je početkom siječnja 2021. 250 stambenih jedinica na područja Banovine pogođena potresom. Početkom veljače Hrvatski Caritas osigurao je još stotinu stambenih modula za žrtve potresa.
Pod vodstvom dr. Nele Sršen, počasne hrvatske konzulice u Italiji, u istoj je humanitarnom akcijom »Volontariato Energia & Sorrisi Onlus« prikupljeno 30 tona potrepština u nekoliko talijanskih gradova (Padovi, Veroni, Trevisu i dr.) te dostavljeno na Banovinu. Hrvatska dominikanska provincija izdvojila je pola milijuna kuna i uručila devet tona potrepština Caritasu Sisačke biskupije te je u humanitanoj akciji sudioništvom vjernika prikupljeno još pola milijuna kuna. Predsjednik Poljske biskupske konferencije, nadbiskup Stanisław Gądecki, proglasio je nedjelju, 24 siječnja, Danom solidarnosti s Hrvatskom te je toga dana u svim poljskim crkvama prikupljena novčana pomoć u iznosu od tri milijuna zlota. U Općoj bolnici »Dr. Ivan Pedišić« u Sisku Hrvatski Caritas otvorio je u srpnju 2021. kontejnersku kuhinju za potrebe bolnice i stradalnika u potresu. Samo do travnja 2021. Caritas Sisačke biskupije podijelio je 900 tona donacija hrane, različitih potrepština, goriva, građevinskih materijala, odjeće i obuće u više od 5250 obitelji.

Hrvatski svjetski kongres pozvao je hrvatsko iseljeništvo na prikupljanje novčane pomoći za Sisačko-moslavačku županiju. Gradišćanski Hrvati, u suradnji s Veleposlanstvom Republike Hrvatske u Austriji pokrenuli su humanitarnu akciju, Hrvati u Njemačkoj su preko akcije Hrvatske katoličke misije u Berlinu prikupili više od 1,8 milijuna kuna pomoći, Hrvati u Kanadi preko akcije župe sv. Križa u Hamiltonu više od 800 tisuća kuna, Hrvatska zajednica Sydneya prikupila je više od 400 000 dolara, a novčana su sredstva prikupljali i Caritas Hercegovačko-neretvanske županije te veće organizacije hrvatske dijaspore (Udruženje hrvatskih američkih profesionalaca, Kanadsko-hrvatska gospodarska komora, HAZUD. Hrvatska zaklada Windsor i dr.). U prikupljanju humanitarne pomoći sudjelovali su i Hrvati u Irskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini, pa je pomoć skupljana i u Neumu, Mostaru, Žepču i u drugim županijama. Središnja uprava HKD Napredak donijela je odluku o pružanju novčane pomoći, Sveučilište u Mostaru pozvalo na darovanje novčane pomoći Hrvatskom Crvenom križu, a tvrtka »Violeta« iz Gruda donirala petnaest montažnih kućica za zbrinjavanje žrtava potresa. Hrvati u Srbiji u tri dana po potresu prikupili su više od pola milijuna dinara. Novčana sredstva prikupljana su skupnim financiranjem preko mrežne platforme GoFundme diljem svijeta. Više od trideset udruga u hrvatskomu iseljeništvu okupljenih u inicijativi »One Croatia« (Jedna Hrvatska) uručili su u Sisku uređaj za anesteziju za Opću bolnicu »dr. Ivo Pedišić«, vozilo hitne pomoći, dodatno opremljeno defibrilatorom i prijenosnim dišnikom, za Zavod za hitnu medicinu Sisačko-moslavačke županije te stotinu zaštitnih jakni za građevinske stručnjake Hrvatskoga centra za potresno inženjerstvo.

Obnova
Sisačka biskupija ustupila je 8000 m2 zemljišta u sisačkomu kvartu Zeleni brijeg za izgradnju 35 montažnih kuća, koje će se po završetku obnove iskoristiti za proširenje Doma za starije. Ugovor o zamjeni zemljišta potpisali su sisački biskup Vlado Košić i ministar graditeljstva Branko Bačić 27. ožujka 2023. u Biskopijskom ordinarijatu u Sisku. Hrvatski i poljski Caritas projektom "Poboljšanje životnih uvjeta ljudi pogođenih potresom 2020. na Banovini u Hrvatskoj" prikupili su sredstva za obnavu dvadeset obiteljskih kuća te izgradnju sedam novih montažnih objekata i trideset podzemnih vodenih spremnika. U suradnji sa Sisačkom biskupijom i njezinim Caritasom, Hrvatski Caritas provodi projekte obnove prostora Caritasa župe sv. Lovre u Petrinji i župne kuće u Glini, te obnovu Doma za smještaj studentica Pedagoške akademije u Petrinji.

Odjek u umjetnosti
Humanitarne koncerte za potresom stradala područja, osobito Sisak i Petrinju, održali su HNK u Zagrebu, Hrvatska radiotelevizija (za obnovu Glazbene škole »Fran Lhotka« u Petrinji), Gustafi zajedno s mnogim glazbenicima iz Istre i ini.

Skupina glazbenika i umjetnika iz Petrinje (Petrinja Band Aid) snimila je pjesmu »Glavu gore!«, a pjesme posvećene žrtvama potresa snimili su i nekoliko tamburaških sastava okupljeni kao Tamburaši za Banovinu (»Banovina naša«), splitski glazbenici, Hrvatski gajdaški orkestar (»Ponosna Banovina«), Dražen Žerić, Vladimir Kočiš Zec i Slavko Nedić s prijateljima (»Banovina u srcu«), Ivan Zak i Tiho Orlić s prijateljima (»Svi smo uz vas«), Band Aid Slavonia i Rockoko Orchestra (»Moj dom su srca dobrih ljudi«), El bend (»Petrinjo nisi sama«) i ini.

Zagrebačka Školska knjiga sav je prihod od prodaje slikovnice Tomislava Šrkljca Priča o Petrinji uplatila na račun I. osnovne škole Petrinja. Slikovnicu s temama iz petrinjske povijesti i gradskim znamenitostima Škrljac je napisao svega nekoliko dana po potresu, a ilustriralo ju je četrnaestero umjetnika iz svih dijelova Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine. U slikovnici se, među ostalima, obrađuju nasjtarije Hrvatsko pjevačko društvo »Slavuj«, tvornica Gavrilović, Učiteljski fakultet i ine znamenitosti.

Djelatnici Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu i Međunarodnog instituta za restauriranje povijesnih i umjetničkih djela volonterskim podvigom uspjeli su spasiti knjižničnu građu knjižnice petrinjskog Odsjeka Učiteljskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Stara i rijetka građa preseljeni su u NSK, a znanstvena i stručna građa na čakovečki Odsjek Učiteljskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. O spašavanju građe iz oštećene i poplavljene knjižnice snimljen je kratkometražni dokumentarni film »Iz Petrinje s ljubavlju«.

U crkvi sv. Blaža u Zagrebu, Bazilici sv. Kvirina u Sisku, Glini, Petrinji i Ivanić-Gradu izvedena je Pergolesijeva kantata Stabat Mater u izvedbi ženskog zbora sastavljenog od pjevačica više vokalnih sastava i zborova Siska i Petrinje pod ravnanjem Jelene Blašković, solistica Margarete Klobučar i Tihane Herceg Ivšić te uz pratnju Zagrebačkog omladinskog komornog orkestra i orguljaša Alena Kopunovića Legetina. Koncerte je organizirala udruga »Siscia Vox Mundi«, u suradnji s Gradom Siskom, Sisačkom biskupijom, pjevačima Folklornog ansambla »Ivan Goran Kovačić«, Glazbene škole Frana Lhotke u Petrinji, Katedralnog zbora Uzvišenja sv. Križa, Hrvatskog pjevačkog društva »Danica«, ženskih klapi »Lađarice« i »Kolapjanke«, mjesnih župa i župnih zborova.

Odjek u športu
Čišćenju ruševina, diljenju i prikupljanju pomoći stradalnicima pridružili su navijači brojnih navijačkih skupina, a u prikuplanju novčane i materijalne pomoći i brojna športska društva.

Na igralištu OŠ Dragutina Tadijanovića u Petrinji Zaklada Marin Čilić održala je u srpnju humanitarni teniski turnir »Gem Set Hrvatska«. Uz pokretača Marina Čilića, na turniru su sudjelovali nogometaši Luka Modrić, Ivan Perišić, Mateo Kovačić i Mario Mandžukić, tenisači Ivan Dodig, Borna Ćorić, Mate Delić, Donna Vekić, Jelena Kostanić Tošić i Patrik Jurina, rukometaš Luka Cindrić, odbojkašica Nikolina Božićević, odbojkaš Timofej Žukovski i vaterpolist Franko Lazić.

Izvori

Vidi još
 Potres u Zagrebu 2020.

Vanjske poveznice

 "Godinu dana od razornoga potresa kod Petrinje" Seizmološka služba RH
 Potpuni popis svih potresa jačine ML 1,5 ili više od 28. 12. 2020. EMSC-a
 Prikaz svih potresa jačine ML 1,5 ili više od 28. 12. 2020. na usluzi Google Karte

Povijest neovisne Hrvatske
Petrinja
Povijest Siska
Povijest Zagreba
 2020-12-29
 2020-12-29
 2020-12-29

Potres kod Petrinje 2020.


Divi filius este o expresie latină însemnând "fiu divin" (sau "fiul unui zeu") și a fost un titlu folosit îndeosebi de împăratul Octavianus Augustus, nepot de gradul trei și fiul adoptiv al lui Iulius Cezar.

Octavianus

La 1 ianuarie 42 î.Hr., adică la aproximativ doi ani după asasinarea lui Iulius Cezar în 15 martie 44 î.Hr., dar înainte de victoria finală a celui de-al doilea triumvirat asupra conspiratorilor care au luat viața acestuia, Senatul Roman l-a recunoscut ca divinitate. El a fost astfel denumit Divus Iulius ("divinul Iulius"), iar fiul său adoptiv Octavianus s-a denumit Divi filius ("fiul celui zeificat, fiul zeului"). Forma completă divi Iuli filius ("fiul divinului Iulius") a fost, de asemenea, utilizată.

Octavianus a folosit tilul divi filius pentru a-și înainta poziția sa politică, învingându-și în final toți rivalii la putere din statul roman. Pentru el titlul era "un instrument util de propagandă" și a fost expus pe monedele pe care le-a emis.

Alți împărați

Deoarece însuși Augustus (titlul "Augustus" i-a fost conferit oficial lui Octavianus de către Senat în anul 27 î.Hr.) și alți împărați romani au fost zeificați după moarte, titlul Divi Filius a fost aplicat și unor succesori ai lui Augustus, printre care Tiberius, Nero și Domițian.

Referințe

Cuvinte și expresii în limba latină
Augustus

Divi filius


ජැක් ද රිපර් යන නාමය ලබාදී ඇත්තේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ මිනීමරුවෙකුටයි. 1888 වසරේදී හා ඒ ආසන්නයේදී බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ ලන්ඩන් නගරයේ වයිට්චැපල් දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ දිළිදු ප්‍රදේශ ආශ්‍රිතව මොහු ජීවත් වූවායැයි සැලකේ.

ජැක් ද රිපර්


James Andrew Arthur (født 2. marts 1988 i Middlesbrough, England) er en engelsk sanger og sangskriver.

Arthur vandt den niende serie af The X Factor i 2012. Hans debutsingle, "Impossible", blev udgivet af Syco Music efter finalen og debuterede på nummer 1 på UK Singles Chart indenfor den første uge af dens udgivelse. Siden da har den gået til at have solgt over 1,4 millioner eksemplarer i Storbritannien, hvilket gør det til den mest succesfulde vindersingle i showets historie, og har solgt over 2,5 millioner eksemplarer verden over. Den følgende single, " You're Nobody 'til Somebody Loves You", nåede nummer 2 på UK Singles Chart. Han udgav sit selvbetegnede debuterende studiealbum, James Arthur, i november 2013. Albummet debuterede og toppede på nummer to på UK Albums Chart. Efter udgivelsen af albummet var han involveret i en række kontroverser, der førte iTunes til at tilbyde tilbagebetalinger for albummet.

Arthur stoppede ved  Simon Cowells pladeselskab, Syco, i 2014. I 2015 underskrev han en ny kontrakt med Columbia Records for at udgive sit andet studiealbum i 2016 med titlen Back From The Edge. Arthur skrev også kontrakt med Sico igen i 2016.

Tidlige år
Arthur blev født i Middlesbrough til en engelsk mor, Shirley Ashworth, og en skotsk far, Neil Arthur. James Arthur begyndte at skrive og optage sange, da han var 15 som en usigneret kunstner både solo og i mange bands, herunder:

 Moonlight Drive

Et progressivt, eksperimentelt band med Arthur som forsanger. Bandet var aktivt mellem 2005 og 2008. Det havde optagelser som "Said You'd Be There", "Hole in My Heart" og "Tear Me Apart".

 Cue the Drama

Et rockband i den engelske by Marske-by-the-Sea og aktivt mellem 2005 og 2008. Sange såsom "On the Radio 98KUPD", "It's Killing Me", "I'll Reach You" og "It Hurts".

 Save Arcade

Et rockband fra hans hjemby, Middlesbrough, bestående af Arthur (vokal, guitar), Josh Brown (keyboard, vokal), Matthew Green (guitar), Alex Beer (bas, vokal), Travis Shaw (guitar, percussions, vokal) og Karl Dowson (trommer). I 2009 udgav bandet en tre-track EP med navnet Truth, der bærer titelsporet "The Truth", såvel som "Echoes" og "I Un-Proudly Present". I juni 2010 udgav bandet et femspor EP, Tonight We Dine in Hades, som udover titelsporet "Tonight We Dine in Hades" inkluderede "Superhero", "You Always Want A Fight", "Juliet Is Not Dead" og "She Aims to Please". Begge udgivelser var på det uafhængige label 57 Records UK.

 Emerald Skye

Et indie pop og rockband dannet i marts 2011 i byen Redcar / Saltburn-by-the-Sea og bestod af Arthur (guitar, vokal), Dean Harrison (klaver, violin), Paul Gill (bas) og Save Arcade bandmate Green (trommer).

Karriere

2011-2012: Sins by the Sea og The X Factor
I 2011 uploadede Arthur mange af sine egne sange til SoundCloud og YouTube, samt et album med titlen Sins by the Sea. Det uafhængige album indeholdt 16 spor. Arthur dannede sine egne musikalske projekter. James Arthur Project resulterede i indspillingen og udgivelsen af to EP'er, den ene pop-EP'en Hold On, som The James Arthur Project i august 2012 lavede i samarbejde med John McGough. Sangene blev skrevet og arrangeret af McGough og mixet af Matt Wanstall med alle vokaler af Arthur.

Arthur udgav også et EP som The James Arthur Band. Bandet bestod af Arthur (vokal og guitar), Jez Taylor (guitar), Chris Smalls (keyboard), Jordan Swain (trommer) og Rich Doney (bas). I 2012 udgav bandet The EP Collection CD med ni sange med R&B, soul og hip hop, en kompilation af spor på begge EP'er.

I 2012 auditionerede han i Newcastle for den niende serie af The X Factor, hvor han sang en akustisk gengivelse af dommer Tulisas "Young", før han forklarede sin fortid. Han afslørede også, at hans far og mor næppe havde talt med hinanden i mere end 20 år, og det var en genforening af slags for dem at deltage i hans audition. Han sang "A Million Love Songs" på bootcamp og blev valgt som en af seks deltagere i kategorien "Boys" (drenge) for at komme videre til dommernes huse. Fra dette punkt blev Nicole Scherzinger Arthurs mentor. Efter at have sunget "I Can't Make You Love Me"  blev han valgt som én af 12 deltagere til at gå videre til live shows, og en af tre i kategorien "Boys".

Efter sin anden live-optræden fik Arthur et angstangreb backstage. Under behandlingen på studiet, besluttede ambulancefolkene, at han ikke behøvede at komme på hospitalet, og han kom tilbage til sit hotel for at hvile. Han vendte tilbage  for at se resultaterne den følgende aften.

Efter hans optræden af LMFAOs "Sexy and I Know It" ved det tredje live show den 20. oktober blev Arthur anklaget for plagiering. Hans version lignede meget udgivelsen af YouTube-stjernen Only1Noah, som blev uploadet den 9. maj 2012 og havde over 13 millioner visninger på det tidspunkt. Men Arthur tweetede senere: "Btw doesn't everyone know I was putting a spin on Noah's version? It had 13.something million hits! Was I supposed to state the obvious?" I uge 7, efter at have udført "Can't Take My Eyes Off You", var Arthur i den sidste showdown. Han sang Alicia Keys' sang "Fallin" for at overleve mod andre yndlings Ella Henderson, og resultatet gik til deadlock. Nicole Scherzinger og Gary Barlow stemte for at sende Arthur til kvartfinalen, mens Tulisa og Louis Walsh stemte for at sende Henderson til kvartfinalen. Som følge af offentlige stemmer blev  Arthur  sendt til kvartfinalen; han fik 13,7% af stemmerne, mens Henderson fik  12,1%.

Arthur vandt X Factor den 9. december 2012 med 53,7% af den endelige afstemning, mod Jahméne Douglas, der fik 38,9%. Dette gjorde ham til den første vinder af showet, der tidligere havde været i bunden to, nogensinde.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Twitter

Sangere fra England
X Factor-deltagere

Personer fra Middlesbrough

James Arthur


Reinhold Soyka (* 22. März 1952) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Mittelstreckenläufer, der sich auf die 800-Meter-Distanz spezialisiert hatte.

Bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften gewann er 1973 in Rotterdam mit der bundesdeutschen Mannschaft Gold in der 4-mal-720-Meter-Staffel und wurde bei den 1975 in Kattowitz Sechster im Einzelwettbewerb.

1975 wurde er Deutscher Hallenmeister, 1973 Hallen-Vizemeister. Seine persönliche Bestzeit von 1:46,6 min stellte er am 29. August 1973 in Leverkusen auf.

Reinhold Soyka startete für den LC Bonn.

Weblinks
 Website

800-Meter-Läufer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1952
Mann

Reinhold Soyka


Chung Ju-yung or Jung Joo-young (; 25 November 1915 – 21 March 2001), was a South Korean entrepreneur, businessman and the founder of Hyundai Groups, one of the largest chaebols in South Korea. Raised as the eldest son of a poor Korean farmer, he became the richest man in South Korea. Chung was an integral part to the rapid development of Korea's economy, growing Hyundai Heavy Industries to be the largest ship builder in the world, as well as growing Hyundai Motor Group into the largest automobile manufacturer in Korea, and the third largest in the world. Chung was also a vital contributor to the development of South Korea's infrastructure after the Korean War's destruction of infrastructure, such as constructing the Gyeongbu Expressway in 1970, connecting the capital, Seoul, to the port city of Busan, in alliance with the President Park Chung Hee.

Chung's business ventures steered through the tumultuous times of Japanese colonial rule in Korea as well as the post-Korean War stresses on the economy.
Chung explained his success in his statement: "Our people succeeded because they devoted their enterprising spirits. They used the forces of other mind. Conviction ... creates indomitable efforts. This is the key to (true) miracles ... Man's potential is limitless."

Life

Early life
Chung Ju-yung was born in Tongchon, Kangwondo, Chōsen (today located in Kangwon Province in North Korea). Born to a large impoverished family of peasants, he was the eldest of seven children. As a young boy, Chung dreamed of becoming a school teacher, but his hopes were cut short because the restrictive environment at the time kept the family stuck in poverty, effectively keeping Chung away from higher educational opportunities. Despite the setbacks, Chung was able to attend a local Confucian school run by his grandfather whenever his time was not taken up by tasks on the family farm.

Chung's talent for business became apparent during his trips into town where he would sell wood. The fast-paced atmosphere of the town along with the articles in newspapers Chung read sparked his imagination; he soon grew tired of the poverty that he and his family had to endure.

First escape attempt
At the age of sixteen, Chung and a friend decided to travel to the city of Seishin (Chongjin, currently in North Korea) for work in hopes of escaping the harsh realities of farm life. After a 15-mile trek through the most dangerous parts of the Paechun valley, the pair reached the town of Kōgen (Kowon, currently in North Korea) where they took up jobs as construction workers. They worked long hours for low pay but Chung enjoyed that he could earn money independently. Chung and his friend continued the work for two months until Chung's father learned of their whereabouts.

Second escape attempt
The journey that Chung and his friend had embarked on made him realize his passion for civil engineering and gave him a sense of accomplishment. Once he returned to his home village of Gasan-ri in Tsūsen-gun, he devised another escape plan: this time towards Keijō (formerly Hanseong, currently Seoul). With two companions, Chung left for Keijō in April 1933. The journey seemed destined for failure, especially since one of the boys was caught by a sibling early on. More misfortune came upon them when Chung and his friend were conned by a stranger who promised them jobs but instead took all of their money. The journey came to an end when Chung's father found the two staying at Chung's grandfather's house nearby.

Third escape attempt
Chung once again found himself in Asan, where he remained for a year helping his father work on the family farm. Once his duties to the family were complete, Chung decided it was time to make another attempt at getting out of poverty. He managed to get a train ticket for 70 won by selling one of his father's cows. Once he arrived in Keijō, Chung enrolled himself in a local bookkeeping school hoping to start a career as an accountant. Things went smoothly for two months when his father managed to find him and after a mild argument, took him back to Gasan.

Rice merchant
In 1933, at the age of 18, Chung decided to make a fourth attempt to escape. He left during the night with a friend who was trying to escape a forced marriage. Once Chung reached Keijō, he jumped at any job he could find. He worked first as a laborer at Jinsen Harbor (Incheon, currently in South Korea), a construction worker at Boseong Professional School and as a handyman for a starch syrup factory.

After working at the syrup factory for nearly a year, Chung managed to land a job as a deliveryman at the Bokheung Rice Store in Keijō. Chung's new job offered him room for advancement and as he became more successful at it, he decided to stay on full-time. He eventually won the praise of the rice store's core customers which impressed the owner so much that he allowed Chung to manage the store's accounting after only six months on the job. His experiences as the store accountant helped him to thoroughly develop his business sense.

In 1937, the owner of the rice store became ill and decided it would be in his best interest to give the store to Chung. At 22 years of age, Chung became the store owner and changed the name of the store to Kyungil Rice Store. The store grew and made good profits until early 1939 when Japan, in its war efforts to secure rice supplies for the country and its military, imposed an oppressive rice-rationing system which forced Korean businesses out of trading rice.

Creation of Hyundai

A-do Service Garage
Chung returned to his village once his business failed and remained there until 1940, when he decided to try again in Keijō. After considering the reality of restrictions imposed on Koreans in certain industries by the Japanese colonial government, Chung decided to enter the automobile repair business. Using a service garage he purchased from a friend, Chung started the A-do Service Garage on a 3,000 won loan. Within three years, the number of employees grew from 20 to 70 and Chung was able to earn a good income. In 1943, the Japanese colonial government forced the garage to merge with a steel plant as part of the war effort. Although his businesses were shut down due to suppression by the Japanese, Chung returned to Gasan with 50,000 yen in savings to try to make the best of the situation.

Hyundai
In 1946, after the liberation of Korea from Japanese control, Chung started Hyundai and Hyundai Civil Industries in anticipation of the post-war reconstruction and industrialization. Chung won major government contracts and became responsible for building much of South Korea's transportation infrastructure, including the Soyang Dam in 1967, the Gyeongbu Expressway in 1970, the world's largest shipyard in Ulsan, the Kori Nuclear Power Plant among others. Chung also won contracts from the United States Forces Korea to build facilities for their personnel as his younger brother could speak English and was on good terms with the U.S. Army engineers.

During the North Korean invasion of 1950, Chung abandoned his construction projects and fled with his younger brother to Busan for safety. His son, Chung Mong-joon was born there. Chung continued to build onto the company by gathering any kind of work he could get from the United Nations Command and the Korean Ministry of Transportation. Once Seoul was retaken by U.N. forces, Chung reestablished the company and continued to gather more work from the Americans.

From then on, Chung continued to grow and diversify the company into one of South Korea's major chaebol (conglomerate). With no experience in shipbuilding, he created the Ulsan shipyard, the largest shipyard in the world. The first vessel was completed in three years (rather than the expected five) as Chung had the shipyard and vessel built simultaneously. He introduced the Hyundai Pony in 1975 and the Hyundai Excel in 1986 using European expertise.

Later years

From the 1980s until recently, the Hyundai Group was split into many satellite groups. Chung had a very successful career. In Seosan, he carried out a successful reclamation project, using a decommissioned oil tanker as a cofferdam. In 1998, he herded 1,001 cows through the Korean Demilitarized Zone to North Korea, which he claimed was a repayment 1,000 times over for a cow he took to afford his ticket when he escaped his father's farm. Chung was the first civilian to cross the Korean DMZ since the division of Korea. He was the first to propose the Geumgangsan sightseeing excursions. He founded the Hyundai Heavy Steel Company which developed a non-dock ship-making method.

Chung's philanthropy distinguished him from the other businessmen of his generation. In 1977, he founded the Asan Foundation with a scope of activities comparable to those of the Ford or Rockefeller foundations. The foundation was organized into four major areas of service: medical support, social welfare, research and development, and a scholarship fund. Through its efforts, the foundation established nine hospitals throughout South Korea, built Ulsan Medical College, and funded the Asan Life Sciences Research Institute. The foundation also initiated cooperative arrangements between industry and academic institutions by supporting such academic research as the Sinyoung Research Fund.

In 1982, Chung received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Political activities
Chung is credited with successfully lobbying for South Korea to host the 1988 Summer Olympics. This success highlighted the accomplishments of his generation in the eyes of the world and became a source of great pride to the people of Seoul. In 1992 the International Olympic Committee awarded Chung an IOC Medallion for his contributions to sports as a vehicle of international understanding.

Chung ran unsuccessfully as a Unification National Party presidential candidate for the 1992 South Korean presidential election.

Chung also worked to normalize relations between the two Koreas. In 1998, at the age of 82, he worked with the South Korean government to provide economic assistance to the North. President Kim Dae-jung wanted to provide a $100 million donation as a way to jump-start economic development in North Korea under his Sunshine Policy. However, Kim could not find a legal way to transfer the funds. He turned to Chung, who was already negotiating a large program with the North. Kim persuaded Chung to increase his investment by $100 million with money from secret loans provided by the government-controlled Korea Development Bank. The historic 2000 inter-Korean summit took place, with Chung traveling across the border in a motorcade of cars containing some 1001 "unification cows" as a gift to the North Korean people.

Death
Chung died in 2001 at the age of 85 of natural causes at his home in Seoul, and he was buried in accordance to Buddhist and Confucian customary rites. His wife, Byun Joong-seok, died on 17 August 2008, at the age of 88, due in part to long-term heart complications, and was buried in a family graveyard in Hanam, along with her husband and their son.

Legacy
As one of the most recognized and admired business men in Korean history, Chung's identity still pervades modern Korean society and industry. Business-related events emphasizing creativity and innovation have been named after him. Much of the current success of Hyundai is widely attributed to Chung's insight and resolution, ideals that the contemporary Hyundai leadership vow to keep.

Books
 Trials May Not Fail (시련은 있어도 실패는 없다)
 Born in This Land (이 땅에 태어나서)
Your Lips Need to Burn if You Plan to Succeed (입이 뜨거워야 성공할 수 있다)

Family

Chung Ju-yung had five brothers and one sister; he had eight sons and one daughter with his wife. In addition, he had two illegitimate daughters with a younger woman, with whom he started a relationship in 1973; these daughters were not acknowledged until after his death.

Brothers

  (1920–2006). After leaving the Hyundai Group, he founded the Halla Group, whose interests included Mando Machinery, Halla Cement, Halla Construction, Halla Heavy Industries, and Halla Climate Control Corp.
  (1925–2015). After working for Hyundai Engineering & Construction he ventured by taking Hyundai Cement with him to form the Sungwoo Business Group, which includes Hyundai Cement, Hyundai Welding, Sungwoo Automotive.
  (1928–2005). Founder of Hyundai Motor. Left the Hyundai Group with Hyundai Development Co., Ltd., the leading housing builder in Korea.
 Chung Shin-yung (1931–1962). Died in a car accident in Germany while working as a journalist for a Korean newspaper company. His only son, Chung Mong-hyuk, ran Hyundai Oilbank, the third largest oil refiner in Korea.
  (1936–2021). Founder of the KCC Chemical (Keumkang) group, Korea's leading paint and glass maker.

Children

  (1934–1982). Died in a car accident in Gimcheon, in a Hyundai-built Ford Granada, on the Gyeongbu Expressway leaving two daughters.
 Chung Mong-koo (1938–). Currently the head of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, the second largest business group in Korea. Assumed control of Hyundai Engineering & Construction in 2011.
  (1942–). Currently the chairman of the Hyundai Department Store Group, one of the largest retailers in South Korea.
 Chung Kyung-hee (1944–). The only daughter of Chung ju-yung and Byeon Joong-seok.
  (1945–1990). Committed suicide leaving three sons. His oldest son Chung Il-sun is currently the president of BNG Steel, a member of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group.
 Chung Mong-hun (1948–2003). Former chairman of the Hyundai Group and heir apparent to his father before he committed suicide in August 2003; this left his wife  (1956–) in control of the Hyundai Group.
 Chung Mong-joon (1951–). Politician and de facto owner of Hyundai Heavy Industries, the world's largest shipbuilding firm, as well as vice-chairman of FIFA.
  (1955–). Chairman of Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance, Korea's third largest non-life insurer.
  (1959–). Former chairman of Hyundai Merchant Bank and Kangwon Bank.
 Chung Chung-in (Grace Jeong) (1979–), actress.
 Chung Chung-im (Elizabeth Jeong) (1981–), advertiser.

Nephews

via Chung In-yung (1920–2006)
 Chung Mong-guk.
 Chung Mong-won. Chairman of Halla Group. Recently reacquired Mando Machinery.
via Chung-Soon-yung (1925–2015)
 Chung Mong-sun. Chairman of Sungwoo Group (Hyundai Cement).
 Chung Mong-suk. Chairman of Hyundai Welding Co., Ltd.
 Chung Mong-hoon. Chairman of Sungwoo Hyokwang International Co.
 Chung Mong-yong. Chairman of Sungwoo Automotive.
via Chung Se-yung (1928–2005)
 Chung Mong-gyu. Former Chairman of Hyundai Motor. Current Chairman of Hyundai Development Co., Ltd.
via Chung Shin-yong (1931–1962)
 Chung Mong-hyuk. Former President of Hyundai Oil & Hyundai Petrochemical; current chairman of Hyundai Corporation.
via Chung Sang-yung (1936–)
 Chung Mong-jin. Chairman of KCC.
 Chung Mong-ik. Vice-Chairman of KCC.
 Chung Mong-yeol. President of KCC Construction Co., Ltd.

See also
 Lee Byung-chul (Founder of Samsung)

Notes and references

Further reading

External links

  Chung Ju-yung
  Chung Ju Yung Cyber Museum
 Schuman, Michael "Chung Ju Yung". Time.
 "Hyundai Group's Honorary Chairman: Autobiography"

1915 births
2001 deaths
People from Tongchon County
South Korean founders of automobile manufacturers
Hyundai people
20th-century South Korean businesspeople
South Korean people of North Korean origin

Chung Ju-yung


Die Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine, die Stätte der Architektur und des Kulturerbes, ist ein französisches Architekturmuseum. Es befindet sich im Palais de Chaillot am Place du Trocadéro im 16. Arrondissement von Paris.

Geschichte des Museums
Das Museum steht in der Nachfolge des 1879 von Eugène Viollet-le-Duc eingerichteten Musée des Monuments français. Es befindet sich in einem Flügel des anlässlich der Pariser Weltausstellung 1937 errichteten Palais de Chaillot. Nach einem Brand 1997 wurde es bis zum Jahre 2007 umgebaut und unter dem jetzigen Namen eröffnet.

Für die Erfüllung ihrer Aufgaben erhält die Cité Mittel von Firmen, so zum Beispiel seit 2007 von der französischen Immobiliengruppe Bouygues, den Fachverlagen der Groupe Moniteur und der Schweizer Designermöbelfirma Vitra. Sie gehört zu den "Öffentlichen Einrichtungen mit industriellem und kommerziellem Charakter" (EPIC) und unterliegt der Aufsicht des französischen Kulturministeriums.

Nutzung der Cité
Das Gebäude enthält ca. 8.000 m² Ausstellungsfläche für die Dauerausstellung, 1.830 m² Flächen für Sonderausstellungen und auf 1.700 m² eine Architekturbibliothek.

Das Museum zeigt in drei Abteilungen einmal die Galerie der Abgüsse (Galerie des moulages), die Galerie der Wandmalereien und Glasfenster (Galerie des peintures murales et des vitraux) mit Nachbildungen von hochrangigen Werken aus historisch bedeutenden Bauwerken und die Galerie der modernen und zeitgenössischen Architektur (Galerie d'architecture moderne et contemporaine).

Weitere Nutzer der Cité sind das Institut français d'architecture und die École de Chaillot, von der Wissenschaftler Stipendien erhalten, die sich mit speziellen Themen der Architektur wie Stadtplanung oder Restaurierung befassen.

Der Global Award for Sustainable Architecture wird seit 2007 jährlich in Zusammenarbeit mit der UNESCO in der Cité vergeben.

Literatur
 François de Mazières (Hrsg.): La Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. Beaux-Arts Éditions, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-84278-556-7.
 Simon Texier: L'architecture exposée: La Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. Découvertes Gallimard, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-036046-8.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Website der Cité (französisch und englisch)

Architekturausstellung
architecture et du patrimoine
Bibliothek in Paris
Architekturmuseum
Öffentliches Unternehmen (Frankreich)
16. Arrondissement (Paris)
Gegründet 2007

Cité de l’architecture et du patrimoine