Cormac mac Art Ó Melaghlain (mort en 1239), est  roi titulaire de Mide  vers  1209/1213 à 1239. Il parvient à remporter plusieurs victoires importantes sur les Anglo-normands et de ce fait il est l'un des plus notables parmi les derniers rois de Mide. Cependant, les gains territoriaux réalisés par Cormac, ne devaient pas survivre à la fin de son propre règne, et les seigneurs du Clan Cholmáin postérieurs perdirent ensuite toute influence dans la politique de l'Irlande médiévale ultérieure.

Contexte
La famille de Cormac a fourni des souverains au royaume de Mide depuis au moins le début du  siècle. Connue comme le  Clan Cholmáin, elle compose une lignée des Uí Néill du Sud. Ses membres prennent le surnom de
Uá Máel Sechlainn ultérieurement anglicisé en Ó Melaghlin / Ó Melaghlain, de leur prestigieux ancêtre, Mael Seachnaill  mac Mael Ruanaid, qui règne comme Ard ri Erenn de 845 à 860. Un de ses descendants , un autre des ancêtres de Cormac;  Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, connu comme Máel Sechnaill II, est Ard ri avant et après le règne de Brian Boru. Après le règne Mael Seachnaill II Mór de 976 à 1022, le Royaume de Mide perd rapidement une grande partie de son ancien puissance.

Malgré, ou peut-être à cause de sa situation dans le centre de l'Irlande, le royaume de Mide devient
un auxiliaire dans les luttes de pouvoir entre les nouveaux royaumes dominants, alors que le pouvoir réel sur l'île passe aux dynasties auparavant marginalisées du Leinster, Munster et Connacht ainsi qu'à leurs parents les Uí Néill du Nord. Ses donations passées à un grand nombre de monastères a miné les ressources du royaume et son échec à obtenir la suzeraineté sur Dublin, capitale économique de l'île, signifiait qu'il fournirait plus jamais d'Ard ri Erenn.

Règne
On ne sait rien du début de la vie de Cormac sauf qu'elle s'est déroulée en grande partie pendant le règne de son père Art mac Máel Sechlainn meic Domnaill Ua Máel Sechlainn qui s'empare du trône en 1173 en tuant son frère, le précédent roi Domnall Bregach Ua Máel Sechlainn Le père de Cormac est tué en 1184 par un fils de Domnall Mór Ua Briain Roi de Thomond lors d'une rencontre entre les deux souverains, selon les Annales des quatre maîtres, à l'instigations des anglo-normands. Il a comme successeur la même année Maelsechlainn Beag Ó Melaghlain, qui trois ans plus tard  défait Domnall, lors d'un combat, rase un château anglo-normand et en massacre la garnison. En 1202 les annales relèvent la mort d'un autre frère de Cormac nommé Dermot.

La première mention de Cormac dans les sources se situe en 1209/10 lorsqu'il tue Art mac Domnaill Ó Ruairc Roi de Breifne. En 1211 il défait les Anglo-normands à   et tue le connétable Robert de Duncomar. L'année suivant il défait John de Gray évêque de Norwich et Justicier d'Irlande (1208-1213) il lui prend un large butin, plus tard lors de la bataille du « Wood of the High Trees » il défait une autre force anglo-normande en tuant une « grande multitude ». Cette bataille fut sans doute notable car elle est mentionnée par   les Annales d'Ulster qui sont par ailleurs peu dissertes sur le destin du Clann Cholmain à partir du  siècle. Cormac lui-même est défait, après cette victoire par Donnell fils de Maelsechlainn Beag dans ce qui semble être une guerre civile. Donnell est peu après tué et Cormac marche sur les domaines de  Maelsechlainn Beag, le contraignant  à l'exil et il détruit le château de Birr. Il pille également le château anglais de Kilclare s'empare de chevaux et d'autres butins, provoquant une expédition de représailles contre lui où il est vaincu à la bataille de Tine Bridge en 1213 ce qui le contraint d'abandonner les domaines récemment conquis.

Après cette défaite, Cormac est rarement mentionné dans les annales. Il est capturé en 1227 mais on ignore où et par qui ? Il est possible qu'il soutienne le roi de Connacht Felim mac Cathal Crobderg Ua Conchobair en 1236 dans ses tentatives pour recouvrer son trône. En 1239 Cormac meurt et il a comme successeur son fils Art mac Cormac Ó Melaghlain.

Succession
Art aura lui aussi un règne relativement victorieux pour un ultime « roi » de Mide, battant les Anglo-normands de Meath en 1264, et réaffirmant son contrôle sur les terres que son père avait perdues après la bataille de Tine Bridge et obtenant la soumission de nombreux chefs locaux.
Deux ans plus tard, ses gens repoussent une attaque de la famille de Bourg du Connacht. Un autre descendant possible de Cormac est Cairpre Ó Melaghlain roi de Mide après Art, qui réussit à vaincre une coalition  d'Anglo-normands de Meath et de Magnus mac Conchobair Ruaid Ua Conchobair Roi de Connacht en 1289 avant d'être tué par traitrise l'année suivante par « Mac Cochlain et les Delbna ».

Notes et références

Sources
.

Lien externe
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

Roi de Mide au XIIIe siècle
Décès en 1239

Cormac mac Art Ó Melaghlain


An Pereilema crinitum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jan Svatopluk Presl. An Pereilema crinitum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pereilema, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pereilema

Pereilema crinitum


2e bataillon du génie (États-Unis), bataillon de génie militaire de l'armée de terre des États-Unis
 35e bataillon du génie de l'air, ancienne unité formant corps de l'Armée de Terre
 72e bataillon du génie, ancien bataillon créé en 1943 au camp du Lazaret à Port Saint-Louis du Sénégal

Voir aussi

Homonymie d'unités militaires

Bataillon du génie


Halvaria, infracarstvo kromista, dio podcarstva Harosa, koji se sastoji od dva natkoljena

Natkoljena
 Superphylum Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
Phylum Acavomonidia
Phylum Alveolata incertae sedis
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Miozoa
 Superphylum Heterokonta Lüther, 1899
Phylum Bigyra
Phylum Ochrophyta
Phylum Pseudofungi

Izvori

Harosa

Halvaria


Somine su katunsko naselje na Morinama. Morine je bila najpoznatija "planina" humnjačkih Hrvata. Gornje i Donje Somine su uz Planinicu, Bjelojeviće i Lakat i druge bile među poznatim katunima. Nalaze se istočno od Svatovskog groblja, Samograda i podno Golog brda i kraj Jakomirskog brda. Somine pripadaju nevesinjskoj župi, kojom upravlja dijecezanski svećenik, prostire se u općinama Nevesinje i Kalinovik, i obuhvaća ova naselja: Baketa, Bojišta, Boljuni, Busovača, Cerova, Crvanj, Dramiševo, Kruševljani, Morine, Nevesinje, Obadi, Obalj, Orlovac, Pridvorci, Seljani, Somine, Sopilja, Tomišlja, Ulog i Vranješina.

Budući da se na planini se ostajalo po tri do četiri ljetna mjeseca, uz katune su nastajala i groblja i pojedinačna grobišta,  pa tako i na Sominama.
Katolički vjernici, stočari planištari iz mjesta Somine, Crvanj, Busovača, Morine, Somine i Orlovac gravitiraju planištarskoj crkvi sv. Ilije na Morinama, na kojima je nekoć ljeti bivalo oko 800 katoličkih duša u više od 100 kućanstava.
Somine imaju svoje malo groblje.
Neki od hrvatskih rodova imali su svoja vlastita groblja, a na njima se pokapalo i pokojnike iz drugih hrvatskih rodova koji su planištarili u tom dijelu.

U cijelom ovom kraju do 1940-ih svoja su imanja, kuće, torove, čatrnje itd. imali brojni Hrvati katolici, koji su u ratnim, a ponaosob u poratnim neprilikama nestali iz ovih krajeva – oduzimanjem vlasništva, protjerivanjem, a prije toga i masovnim ubijanjem na kućnom pragu. Komunističko doba i rat u BiH učilini su da Planinica, Morine, groblje na Balinovači i druga groblja budu zaboravljeni od unuka starih planištara.

Vlasništvo nad imanjima na Sominama sačuvano je domišljatošću i hrabrošću vlasnika. Poslije rata narod se vratio na svoja imanja u selo Kruševo 1945. godine. Bili su savim iscrpljeni od Križnoga puta. Sredstva za život bila su nikakva, a uz to je država oduzela imanja na planini Somine, što je značilo oduzimanje mogućnosti ljetne ispaše stoke. Bez toga nije bilo moguće opstati na ovim prostorima. Država je pokušala prijevarom i varanjem svog zakona oduzeti pravim vlasnicima nekretnine. Savezni je zakon regulirao da se svim osobama, vlasnicima nekretnina, koje se ne vrate na svoja imanja do 5. kolovoza 1948. godine i ne uspostave odnose kakvi su bili na dan 6. travnja 1941. godine, oduzmu imanja i postaju "općenarodna imovina". Općina Ulog i kotar Kalinovik su se pozivajući na te odredbe poveli i oduzeli su sve nekretnine planištarima u Sominama. Dodijelile su ih na upravu Poljoprivrednoj zadruzi Ulog. Pero Milanović nije se mirio s takvom odlukom, organizirao je sastanak na Drenovcu s većinom planištara vlasnika zemljišta na Sominama. Svi su se suglasili podnijeti tužbu nadležnom Sudu u Sarajevu. Činjenica što su Somine koje su pripadale planištarima iz Kruševa pripadala kotaru Kalinovik odnosno Sarajevu vjerojatno su utjecala na uspješni povrat. Planina Morine nije vraćena jer je pripadala kotaru Nevesinje, odnosno Oblasnom odboru Mostar koji je presuđivao u korist državne vlasti a na štetu privatnih vlasnika. Na sudu u Sarajevu planištarski predstavnici su argumentirali da su se svi vratili na svoja matična imanja u Kruševo u zakonskom roku, a da na imanja u Sominama nisu bili obvezni se vratiti jer su se koristila samo povremeno za ispašu stoke ljeti, a u ratu im je stočni fond bio uništen, a kolibe za boravak spaljene. Planištari su upoznali sud da se svi žele koristiti imanjima kao i prije 6. travnja 1941. godine i da je već dio domaćinstava popravio svoje porušene kolibe. Sud je odbio. Planištari su napisali žalbu Titu, a potpisnici su bili Pero Milanović, Meša Dokara, pa redom Raguži, Baljići, Morići, Milanovići i Jozo Brać. Nakon dužeg čekanja dobili su povoljan odgovor od suda a povodom predstavke Josipu Brozu Titu i otad je prestala je svaka smetnja korištenju i raspolaganju njihovim posjedima.

Somine su vrlo neistraženo područje. Zasad je poznato da je u blizini Milanovića koliba groblje s nekoliko grobova sa skromnim obilježjima, križevi uklesani u kamenje pa stavljeno na grobove. Također je potrebno istražiti i primjereno obilježiti područja dalje od Somina preko Kladova Polja i dalje prema Treskavici – Zelengori do Foče.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Crkva na kamenu Župa Nevesinje viđena početkom 2017., 24. veljače 2017. - slika Somina
Župa Uznesenja BDM, Nevesinje Somine: Staro katoličko groblje i ostatci Milanovića koliba
Župa Uznesenja BDM, Nevesinje Morine - Bjelojevići/Jagodni do, 24. kolovoza 2010.
Župa Uznesenja BDM, Nevesinje Na Morinama ilindanska slava, 22. srpnja 2012.
Župa Uznesenja BDM, Nevesinje Tragom planištara iz Donje Hercegovine po Morinama, Sominama..., 1. rujna 2010.

Naselja u Republici Srpskoj
Hrvati u Bosni i Hercegovini

Somine


Stuart Bruce Greenwood (12. kolovoza 1956.) je kanadski glumac i producent. Najpoznatiji je po ulogama američkih predsjednika u filmovima 13 dana, Nacionalno blago: Knjiga tajni i Kingsman: Zlatni krug, Bena Stevensona u drami Maov posljednji plesač te kapetana Christophera Pikea u novom filmskom serijalu Zvjezdanih staza redatelja i producenta J. J. Abramsa. Na televiziji, Greenwoodove najpoznatije uloge uključuju one Gila Garcettija u seriji Američka kriminalistička priča (podnsalova Narod protiv O. J. Simpsona) i Thomasa Veila u seriji Nowhere Man, a također se pojavljivao i u gostujućim ulogama u serijama Momci s Madisona, St. Elsewhere, Knots Landing i John From Cincinnati.

Greenwood se pojavio u mnogim sporednim ulogama u filmovima kao što su Hollywoodski murjaci, Dvostruki rizik, Deja Vu, Ja, robot, Večera s idiotom, Capote, Novine te kao izvanzemaljac "Cooper" u hitu Super 8. Osim filmskih i televizijskih uloga, Greenwood redovito posuđuje svoj glas i u animiranim filmovima, a njegove najpoznatije uloge u tom žanru uključuju one Chironea u kanadskoj animiranoj seriji Class of the Titans i Brucea Waynea/Batmana u animiranom filmu Batman: Under the Red Hood i seriji Young Justice.

Osobni život
Stuart Bruce Greenwood rođen je u Rouyn-Norandi, Quebec (Kanada) kao sin medicinske sestre Mary Sylvije (rođ. Ledingham) i Hugha Johna Greenwooda, geofizičara i profesora rođenog u Vancouveru koji je predavao na sveučilištu Princeton. Oženjen je sa Susan Devlin, a živi u Los Angelesu.

Karijera
Greenwood je najpoznatiji po ulogama u filmovima Zvjezdane staze, Ja, robot, Dvostruki rizik, Jezgra, 13 dana (u kojem je glumio predsjednika Johna F. Kennedyja), Capote (u kojem je glumio Jacka Dunphyja, ljubavnika Trumana Capotea), Antarktika (u kojem je glumio profesora Davisa McClarena) i Pas vatrogasac. Također je poznat i po videoigri Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 u kojoj je posudio glas liku Overlordu.

Greenwood je imao zapažene nastupe u nagrađivanim filmovima redatelja Atoma Egoyana Egzotika, Slatka budućnost i Ararat. Također se pojavio u tinejdžerskom kultnom filmu iz 80-ih The Malibu Bikini Shop, a nastupio je i u filmu Mee-Shee: The Water Giant. Godine 2005. odigrao je jednu od glavnih uloga u filmu Legenda o motoru, a pojavio se i u biografskom filmu o Bobu Dylanu Nema me. Godine 2010. odigrao je okrutnog direktora u filmu Večera s idiotom.

Što se televizije tiče, Greenwood je nastupao u serijama St. Elsewhere (kao dr. Seth Griffin od 1986. do 1988. godine), Knots Landing (kao Pierce Lawton od 1991. do 1992. godine), a u seriji Nowhere Man koja se prikazivala jednu sezonu imao je glavnu ulogu. Također je gostovao u popularnom kanadskom televizijskom showu Road to Avonlea. Za tu je ulogu osvojio nagradu Gemini u kategoriji "najboljeg gostujućeg glumca u seriji".

Dana 10. lipnja 2007. započeo je nastupati u HBO-ovoj seriji John From Cincinnati. Iste je godine glumio američkog predsjednika u filmskom hitu Nacionalno blago: Knjiga tajni. U filmu Summer Dreams: Story of the Beach Boys tumačio je Dennisa Wilsona, bubnjara popularne glazbene skupine Beach Boys. Godine 2009. u kritički hvaljenom filmu australskog redatelja Brucea Beresforda Maov posljednji plesač Greenwood je tumačio Bena Stevensona, umjetničkog voditelja baletne škole u Houstonu.

U horor trileru Ćelija 213 Greenwood je odigrao glavnu ulogu. Također je odigrao i glavnu ulogu u ABC-jevoj televizijskoj seriji The River koju je producirao Steven Spielberg, a 2012. godine reprizirao je ulogu admirala Christophera Pikea u filmu Zvjezdane staze: U tami redatelja J. J. Abramsa. Godine 2015. Greenwood je nastupio u sporednoj ulozi u posljednjoj sezoni serije Momci s Madisona.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Kanadski filmski glumci
Kanadski televizijski glumci

Bruce Greenwood


(83360) Catalina, denumire internațională (83360) Monts Santa Catalina, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
83360 Catalina este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Fountain Hills (Arizona) de Charles W. Juels și Paulo R. Holvorcem. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,70 ua, o excentricitate de 0,20 și o înclinație de 12,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 83001-84000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2001
Centura de asteroizi

83360 Catalina


Bolla es un género de lepidópteros ditrisios de la subfamilia Pyrginae  dentro de la familia Hesperiidae. Se encuentra en México hasta Sudamérica.

Especies
Lista de especies.
 Bolla antha Evans, 1953
 Bolla atahuallpai (Lindsey, 1925) – Atahuallpa Bolla
 Bolla boliviensis (Bell, 1937) – Bolivian Bolla
 Bolla brennus (Godman & Salvin, [1896]) – Obscure Bolla
 Bolla catharina (Bell, 1937)
 Bolla clytius (Godman & Salvin, [1897]) – Mottled Bolla
 Bolla cupreiceps (Mabille, 1891) – Gold-headed Bolla, Golden-headed Bolla
 Bolla cybele Evans, 1953 – Veracruz Bolla
 Bolla cyclops (Mabille, 1877) – Cyclops Bolla
 Bolla cylindus (Godman & Salvin, [1896]) – Green Bolla
 Bolla dorsolaciniae Steinhauser, 1989
 Bolla eusebius (Plötz, 1884) – Spatulate Sootywing, Mauve Bolla
 Bolla evippe (Godman & Salvin, [1896]) – Salvin's Bolla
 Bolla fenestra Steinhauser, 1991 – Oaxacan Bolla
 Bolla giselus (Mabille, 1883) – Variable Bolla
 Bolla litus (Dyar, 1912) – Many-spotted Bolla
 Bolla mancoi (Lindsey, 1925)
 Bolla morona (Bell, 1940)
 Bolla nigerrima Mabille & Boullet, 1917
 Bolla oiclus (Mabille, 1889) – Rounded Bolla
 Bolla orsines (Godman & Salvin, [1896]) – Goodman's Bolla
 Bolla phylo Mabille, 1903
 Bolla saletas (Godman & Salvin, [1896]) – Coppery Bolla
 Bolla solitaria Steinhauser, 1991 – Solitary Bolla
 Bolla sonda Evans, 1953 – Evans' Bolla
 Bolla subapicatus (Schaus, 1902) – Pine-oak Bolla
 Bolla zora Evans, 1953
 Bolla zorilla (Plötz, 1886) – Shining Bolla

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 http://www.tolweb.org/Bolla/95360

Carcharodini

Bolla (insecto)


An Echinolaena minarum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Pilg.. An Echinolaena minarum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Echinolaena, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Echinolaena

Echinolaena minarum


Mauricio Ruiz é ambientalista e cientista político. Fundador e CEO da ITPA, é considerado um dos maiores plantadores de árvore do Brasil, onde já atingiu mais 3 milhões de mudas plantadas e cuidadas.

É brigadista voluntário de combate a incêndios florestais, já foi secretário de Meio Ambiente de Volta Redonda, onde presidiu a Associação Nacional de Órgãos Municipais de Meio Ambiente (ANAMMA - RJ).

Vida
Aos 14 anos fundou o Instituto Terra de Preservação Ambiental (ITPA), organização privada (sem fins lucrativos), após ser inspirado pelo poeta Tiago de Melo. Trabalha na instituição desde 1998 em diversos projetos em favor do desenvolvimento sustentável.

Em 2021, recebeu o prêmio Muriqui, uma das mais importantes homenagens às ações ambientais no país. A premiação foi entregue pela Unesco, no dia 23 de novembro de 2021, em Fortaleza (CE).

Ambientalistas do Brasil

Mauricio Ruiz


Saraçlar, Çorum ilinin Kargı ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1925 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır. Daha önceleri Taşköprü ilçesine bağlıyken, 28 Temmuz 1936'da Kargı ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 138 km, Kargı ilçe merkezine 35 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Kargı belde ve köyleri

Saraçlar, Kargı


Lucie Šafářová (n. 4 februarie 1987, Brno, Cehoslovacia) este o jucătoare profesionistă de tenis din Cehia. A câștigat două titluri de Grand Slam: Australian Open și French Open, alături de  Bethanie Mattek-Sands. Este componentă a echipei de Fed Cup Cehia și a reușit să câștige de patru ori competiția.

Statistici carieră

Simplu

Dublu

Finale de Grand Slam

Simplu: 1 (1 finalist)

Dublu: 2 (2 titluri)

Referințe

Nașteri în 1987
Nașteri pe 4 februarie
Jucătoare de tenis cehe
Cehi în viață

Lucie Šafářová


في الهندسة الرياضية، تنص مبرهنة بريتشنايدر على العلاقة التالية في مساحة رباعي الأضلاع،

حيث p, q, r وs هي أضلاع رباعي الأضلاع، T نصف المحيط، وA وC هي زاويتين متقابلتين.

تصلح هذه العلاقة لأي رباعي أضلاع سواء كان رباعي دائري أم لا.

اكتشف عالم الرياضيات الألماني  الصيغة في عام 1842. وقد اشتق الصيغة أيضًا في نفس العام من قبل عالم الرياضيات الألماني كارل جورج كريستيان فون شتاوت.

انظر أيضاً
 معادلة براهماغوبتا
 معادلة هيرون

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

رباعيات أضلاع
مساحة
مقالات تحوي براهين

مبرهنة بريتشنايدر


Horta Portekiz'de Vila Nova de Foz Côa belediyesine bağlı olan, 11,89 km² yüzölçümüne sahip, 266 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vila Nova de Foz Côa

Horta (Vila Nova de Foz Côa)


موكي ديارا  ، من مواليد 12 نوفمبر 1983 ، لاعب كرة قدم مالي.

هو يلعب مع نادي اتحاد الجزائر.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ماليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الجزائر
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ماليون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون ماليون مغتربون في الجزائر
رياضيون ماليون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون ماليون مغتربون في تونس
رياضيون من باماكو
لاعبو اتحاد الجزائر
لاعبو النادي الرياضي البنزرتي
لاعبو دوجوولوفيلا
لاعبو غويونيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في تونس
لاعبو كرة قدم ماليون
لاعبو كرة قدم ماليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الجزائر
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في تونس
لاعبو كرة قدم من باماكو
لاعبو لوهان كويسو
لاعبو نادي كاسي كارنو
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
ماليون مغتربون في الجزائر
ماليون مهاجرون إلى فرنسا
مدربو كرة قدم ماليون
مدربو نادي لوهان كويسو
مغتربون ماليون في تونس
مواليد 1404 هـ
مواليد 1983
مواليد في باماكو

موكي ديارا


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දිවයින පුවත්පතේ ලේඛීකාවකි.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 දිවයින (පුවත්පත)
 බුද්ධි මාරඹේ

ඒමන්ති මාරඹේ


Col du Petit-Saint-Bernard (2.188 m.o.h.) er et bjergpas i Frankrig. På den franske side ligger bjergpasset i departementet Savoie og krydses af landevejen D1090. Det forbinder Tarentaise-dalen med Italien.

På den italienske side krydses bjergpasset af landevejen SS26. Det forbinder Aosta-dalen i Italien med Frankrig. Den italienske benævnelse er Colle del Piccolo San Bernardo. Den engelske er Little St. Bernard Pass. Den danske benævnelse er Lille Sankt Bernhard.

Den franske skiportsby La Rosiére ligger i 1.850 meters højde på landevejen D1090 på vej mod passet. På den italienske side ligger skisportsbyen La Thuile. La Thuile ligger i 1.441 m.o.h. og er en del af skiområdet Espace San Bernardo.

Der findes et andet pas mellem Aosta-dalen og Schweiz, der benævnes Col du Grand-Saint-Bernard. Den danske benævnelse er Store Sankt Bernhard. Passene er opkaldt efter Bernhard fra Menton, bjergbestigernes skytshelgen.

Galleri
Navnemæssigt må man ikke forveksle med San Bernardinopasset beliggende i den fjerne østlige del af de vestlige alper. Tillige findes der Berninapasset længere mod øst.

Kildehenvisninger

Eksterne henvisninger

Bjergpas i Frankrig
Bjergpas i Alperne
Savoie
Petit-Saint-Bernard
Bjergpas i Italien

Col du Petit-Saint-Bernard


Kys, kærlighed og kroner er en dansk kortfilm fra 1997, der er instrueret af Louise Andreasen efter manuskript af hende selv og Søren Frellesen.

Handling
Sten er 30 år og bibliotekar. Over en bog møder han sin drømmekvinde, den sexede Katja, og de ender hurtigt i sengen sammen. Han er forelsket, hun er forelsket, de er som skabt for hinanden og et langt, kærligt forhold. Der er blot et lille problem: Katja vil have penge for at gå i seng med sin kæreste.

Medvirkende
 Peter Reichhardt - Steen
 Trine Dyrholm - Katja
 Ulrich Thomsen - Holger
 Hanne Jørna - Lotte Jensen
 Helle Merete Sørensen - Steens mor
 Steen Haakon Hansen - Steens far
 Knud Hansen - Verner
 Fash Shodeinde - Ung mand
 Lone Lundbæk Kindberg - Ung kvinde

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1997
Novellefilm

Kys, kærlighed og kroner


El Faro Punta Lutrín, también conocido como Faro Lutrín o Faro del Parque es un faro perteneciente a la red de faros de Chile. Se ubica en el sector Punta Lutrín en uno de los extremos del Parque Lota, en la Región del Biobío. Entró en servicio el 31 de diciembre de 1894. Está formado por una torre de hierro cilíndrica con una franja horizontal roja en fondo blanco.

Este faro fue construido en pleno auge de la minería del carbón en Lota, orientando la recalada de naves a los terminales mineros de Lota y Coronel. En sus inicios la base del faro siguió la línea arquitectónica del Palacio Cousiño ubicado en dependencias del mismo parque.

En la actualidad, además de ser un atractivo turístico del parque y ser accesible por los turistas, presta servicio regular a embarcaciones que transitan frente a la Región del Biobío.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Punta Lutrin
Lota
Arquitectura de 1894
Chile en 1894
Punta Lutrin

Faro Punta Lutrin


Alexandra Benado Vergara (Stockholm, ) est une femme politique, professeure, militante LGBT et ancienne joueuse de football chilienne. Depuis le 11 mars 2022, elle est ministre du Sport au sein du gouvernement de Gabriel Boric.

Biographie
Elle naît en 1976 à Stockholm (Suède) : ses parents sont José Miguel Benado Medvinsky et Lucía Vergara Valenzuela. Sa mère est une militante du Mouvement de la gauche Révolutionnaire (MIR), assassinée pendant la dictature militaire chilienne du général Augusto Pinochet, en 1983. Après son assassinat, la famille Benado déménage à Cuba.

Alexandra Benado Vergara est licenciée en éducation et pédagogie en éducation physique, sports et récréation de l'Université Métropolitaine de Sciences de l'Éducation (UMCE), ainsi que candidate à magíster en éducation physique avec mention en administration et gestion.

Carrière sportive
Sa première incursion dans le football a lieu dans la ville de Gradignan, dans le sud de la France: elle est l'une des deux filles qui font partie de l'équipe de foot de la localité.

Au début des années 1990, elle déménage au Chili, elle étudie au collège Rubén Darío de la Reina et commence à jouer au sein de l'équipe féminine du club Sportivo Milano de Colina.Elle rejoint ensuite le club Palestinino et est choisie pour intégrer l'équipe du Chili féminine de football : pour ses débuts, elle fait partie de la Jayalalitha Cup de 1994 à Madras, et est la joueuse la plus jeune du groupe ().

Elle participe au Sudamericano Femenino 1998 et prend sa retraite en 2003 après une blessure. Entre 2003 et 2008 elle se consacre à la direction technique de diverses équipes universitaires. Entre 2008 et 2009 elle est directrice technique de Club Deportes Provincial Osorno. Elle rejoint à nouveau l'équipe du Chili en 2008 sous la direction technique de Marta Tejedor, et elle la capitaine de l'équipe qui obtient la troisième place au Championnat Sudamericano Femenino 2010. Entre février 2012 et mars 2016, elle fait partie de la Commission de Foot Féminin de la FIFA, où elle est la seule représentante sud-américaine.

Militantisme et carrière politique
Elle a été la coordinatrice exécutive et une membre de la table de travail du lieu de mémoire Londres 38.

En tant que militante LGBT, en décembre 2013 elle poursuit l'État chilien devant la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l'homme pour faire reconnaître la filiation de ses jumeaux — qu'elle élève avec sa compagne, Alejandra Gallo — et obtenir la reconnaissance juridique des familles homoparentales. Elles avaient précédemment présenté une ressource de protection devant la Cour d'Appel de Santiago.

Le 21 janvier 2022 elle est annoncée comme future ministre du Sport par l'alors président élu, Gabriel Boric. Elle prend ses fonctions e le 11 mars avec le début formel de la nouvelle administration, et devient la première femme ouvertement lesbienne à diriger un ministère, avec Marco Antonio Ávila qui devient le premier ministre d'État dans l'histoire du Chili ouvertement gay.

Polémiques

Accusation de harcèlement au travail
Après sa nomination comme ministre du Sport en février 2022, d'anciens travailleurs de Londres 38 —la journaliste Lissette Fossa, le cinéaste Daniel Miranda et la communicante Andrea Ocampo— l'accusent publiquement de mauvais traitements et de harcèlement moral, ainsi que de ne pas disposer des compétences nécessaires pour la fonction. L'équipe du gouvernement de Gabriel Boric annonce une enquête, et le conseil directif de Londres 38 émet deux communiqués qui rejette toutes les accusations étant donné qu'il n'existe pas d'accusation formelle ni de preuve.

Paiement d'heures supplémentaire à la municipalité de Providencia
Le 8 février 2022, une nouvelle accusation à son encontre est rendue publique, selon laquelle elle aurait perçu des paiements d'heures supplémentaires pour une période durant laquelle elle était en vacances, et alors qu'elle n'était employée que depuis un moins. Dans un entretien avec le quotidien La Tercera, elle signale qu'après avoir été informée qu'elle ne pouvait pas prendre des vacances elle a restitué l'argent correspondant ses semaines d'absence.

Références

Ministre chilien des Sports
Ministre chilienne
Ministre du gouvernement Boric
Naissance à Stockholm
Militant pour les droits LGBT au Chili
Footballeuse chilienne
Footballeuse internationale chilienne
Naissance en mai 1976

Alexandra Benado


La veine ophtalmique inférieure est une veine de l'orbite. Elle reçoit des veines de nombreuses structures.

Trajet
La veine ophtalmique inférieure commence dans un réseau veineux au niveau du plancher antérieur et de la paroi médiale de l'orbite.

Elle reçoit des veines choroïdiennes et d'autres veines en provenance du muscle droit inférieur de l'œil, du muscle oblique inférieur de l'œil, du muscle droit latéral de l'œil, du sac lacrymal et de la conjonctive.

Elle poursuit son trajet vers l'arrière dans la partie inférieure de l'orbite au-dessus du muscle droit inférieur de l'œil.

La veine ophtalmique inférieure se divise en deux branches :

 une branche traverse la fissure orbitaire inférieure et rejoint le plexus ptérygoïdien ;
 l'autre branche pénètre dans le crâne par la fissure orbitaire supérieure et se termine dans le sinus caverneux.

Son drainage peut être séparé, mais plus fréquemment il se confond avec celui de la veine ophtalmique supérieure.

Aspect clinique
Dans la cellulite préseptale ou orbitaire, la veine ophtalmique inférieure peut être comprimée et entraîner des œdèmes des zones drainées.

Voir aussi
 Veine ophtalmique supérieure

Notes et références

ophtalmique inférieure

Veine ophtalmique inférieure


Ída, en , est un village du district régional de Pella en Macédoine-Centrale, Grèce. En 2010, il est intégré au sein du dème d'Almopie.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Macédoine-Centrale

Ída (Pella)


فيكتور يونغ  ممثل وملحن وقائد أركسترا أمريكي، ولد في 8 أغسطس 1899 بشيكاغو (الولايات المتحدة) وتوفي في 10 نوفمبر 1956 ببالم سبرينغس (الولايات المتحدة).

حياته وأعماله
بدأ فيكتور يونغ مهنته كعازف كمان في حفلات، عام 1932 لاقت أغنية «ليس لي حظ معك» والذي كتبها مع نيد واشنطن وبينغ كروسبي نجاحا كبيرا، في منتصف الثلاثينات استقر يونغ في هوليوود وأصبح هناك من أشهر وأنجح ملحني موسيقى الأفلام، رشح يونغ حوالي 22 مرة لجائزة الأوسكار.

توفي فيكتور يونغ في 10 نوفمبر 1956 عن عمر 56 إثر إصابته بجلطة دماغية.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

حائزون على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل موسيقى تصويرية
عازفو كمان أمريكيون
عازفو كمان ذكور أمريكيون
عازفو كمان في القرن 20
كتاب أغان أمريكيون
كتاب أغان أمريكيون يهود
كتاب أغان من إلينوي
مدفونون في مقبرة هوليوود فورايفر
ملحنون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ملحنون أمريكيون يهود
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1899
مواليد 1900
مواليد في شيكاغو
موسيقيون ذكور أمريكيون في القرن 20
موسيقيون كلاسيكيون في القرن 20
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام أمريكيون
وفيات 1956
وفيات في بالم سبرينغس
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 20
عازفو كمان أمريكيون في القرن 20
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام أمريكيون ذكور

فيكتور يونغ


Die Norwegische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2008 fand vom 1. bis zum 3. Februar 2008 in den Øreåshallen in Moss statt. Ausrichter war der Moss Badmintonklubb.

Finalresultate

Weblinks
 Nationale Meister 2008

2008
Badminton 2008
Badmintonwettbewerb in Moss

Norwegische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2008


الدكتور ناصر بن محمد السلوم (ولد 1940م - توفي 23 يونيو 2023م) وزير النقل السابق في المملكة العربية السعودية من عام 1416هـ إلى عام 1424هـ. ولد في المدينة المنورة عام 1358هـ، وانتقل بعدها للدراسة في مكة المكرمة، ثم للدراسة الجامعية، انتقل إلى القاهرة ومن بعدها درس في جامعة أريزونا في الولايات المتحدة، وحصل منها على الماجستير والدكتوراه.

مؤهلاته العلمية
 بكالوريس: الهندسة المدنية من جامعة القاهرة مصر.
 ماجستير: الهندسة المدنية من جامعة أريزونا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
 دكتوراه: الهندسة المدنية من جامعة أريزونا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.

مناصبه
 مدير عام المشاريع في وزارة المواصلات (وزارة النقل حالياً).
 وكيل الوزارة المساعد للشؤون الفنية.
 وكيل وزارة المواصلات، رئيس مجلس إدارة شركة النقل الجماعي، بالإضافة إلى كونه في عضو مجلس إدارة في عدد من الأجهزة الحكومية وأيضاً مناصب أخرى جانبية.
 نائب رئيس اتحاد الطرق الدولي في واشنطن.
 مفوض عام الجناح السعودي في معرض أكسبو كندا.
 مفوض عام الجناح السعودي في معرض أكسبو الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
 عضو هيئة تطوير مدينة الرياض.
 عضو مجلس إدارة الخطوط الجوية السعودية.
 وزيراً للموصلات ( وزارة النقل حالياً بعد تغيير مسماها).
 عين في منصب الأمين العام هيئة تطوير مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة والمشاعر المقدسة عام 1424هـ.

الوفاة
توفي الدكتور ناصر بن محمد السلوم في يوم الجمعة 5 ذو الحجة 1444هـ الموافق 23 يونيو 2023م في مدينة جدة بعد معاناة مع المرض.

مراجع

أشخاص من المدينة المنورة
خريجو جامعة أريزونا
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
مواليد 1358 هـ
وزراء نقل سعوديون
مهندسون سعوديون
وفيات 1444 هـ
وفيات 2023

ناصر بن محمد السلوم


Greg Holmes (n, 29 de agosto de 1963 en Covina, Estados Unidos) es un jugador de tenis con nacionalidad americana. En su carrera ha conquistado un torneo a nivel ATP, su mejor posición fue Nº22 en febrero de 1985.

Títulos (1; 0+1)

Dobles (1)

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Covina
Tenistas masculinos de Estados Unidos

Greg Holmes


An Raddia angustifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Robert Soderstrom ngan Fernando Omar Zuloaga. An Raddia angustifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Raddia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Raddia

Raddia angustifolia


Didier Deschamps (d. 15 Ekim 1968, Bayonne) orta saha mevkiinde görev yapmış Fransız eski futbolcu, teknik direktör. Fransa'nın teknik direktörüdür.

Futbolculuk hayatı boyunca 1989 - 2000 yılları arasında 103 kez Fransız millî formasını giydi ve bu  maçlarda 4 gol attı. Oynadığı dönem, özellikle millî takımın kaptanı olduğu son dönemlerinde Fransa tarihinin en başarılı dönemini yaşadı.

Teknik direktörlüklük kariyeri
Aktif futbolu bıraktıktan sonra teknik direktörlük yapmaya başlamıştır. Monaco'yı tarihinde ilk kez UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi Finali oynattıktan sonra 2006 yılında yaşanan şike skandalı sonrası ikinci lige düşürülen Juventus'un başına geçmiş takımı tekrar Serie A'ya çıkarttıktan sonra görevinden ayrımıştır.2009-2010 sezonunda Marsilya'nın başına geçmiştir.

2009-2010 sezonunda Ligue 1'de bitime 2 hafta kala Marseille ile şampiyonluğunu ilan etmiştir. Şu an Fransa A millî takımını çalıştırmaktadır.

Başarıları

 1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası şampiyonluğu
 2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası şampiyonluğu
 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi şampiyonluğu 1993, 1996
 Kıtalararası Kupa şampiyonluğu 1996
 UEFA Süper Kupası şampiyonluğu 1996
 Ligue 1 şampiyonluğu 1990, 1992, 1993
 Serie A şampiyonluğu 1995, 1997, 1998
 Coppa Italia şampiyonluğu 1995
 Supercoppa Italiana şampiyonluğu 1995, 1997
 FA Cup şampiyonluğu 2000
 Marseille'nın başında 2009-2010 Ligue 1 Şampiyonu

Yaşayan insanlar
1968 doğumlular
Fransız futbolcular
Fransız teknik direktörler
Fransa millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
FC Nantes futbolcuları
Olympique de Marseille futbolcuları
FC Girondins de Bordeaux futbolcuları
Juventus FC futbolcuları
Chelsea FC futbolcuları
Valencia CF futbolcuları
Fransız gurbetçi futbolcular
İtalya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
İngiltere'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
İspanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Ligue 1 futbolcuları
Premier League futbolcuları
La Liga futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
1992 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
1996 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
FIFA Dünya Kupası kazanan futbolcular
FIFA 100
AS Monaco FC teknik direktörleri
Juventus FC teknik direktörleri
Olympique de Marseille teknik direktörleri
Ligue 1 teknik direktörleri
Fransa millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
İtalya'daki Fransız gurbetçiler
İngiltere'deki Fransız gurbetçiler
İspanya'daki Fransız gurbetçiler
2014 FIFA Dünya Kupası teknik direktörleri
Orta saha futbolcuları
2016 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası teknik direktörleri
UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'ni kazanan futbolcular
2018 FIFA Dünya Kupası teknik direktörleri
FIFA Dünya Kupası kazanan teknik direktörler
2020 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası teknik direktörleri
2022 FIFA Dünya Kupası teknik direktörleri
Légion d'honneur şövalyeleri
İtalya'daki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Monako'daki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
FA Cup Finali futbolcuları
FIFA Century Club
Fransa 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Fransız gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Légion d'honneur sahibi subaylar
Serie B teknik direktörleri
Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası kazanan futbolcular

Didier Deschamps


La route régionale 273 () est une route régionale allant de Kankaanpää  jusqu'à Jalasjärvi à Kurikka en Finlande.

Description
La Seututie 273 part de son croisement avec la route nationale 23, au village de Niinisalo à Kankaanpää puis traverse le village Kantti de Karvia, le centre de Karvia, le village de Sarvela, la rive ouest du lac Karvianjärvi jusqu'au village de Sara, d'où elle continue à  Ilvesjoki et Koskue.
À Koskue, la route se termine en rencontrant la route nationale 3.

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Cartes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

273

Transport à Kankaanpää
Transport à Karvia
Transport à Kurikka

Seututie 273


Ernst-Peter Stephan (* 18. Mai 1947 in Birkenau im Odenwald) ist ein deutscher Mathematiker und Hochschullehrer. Er ist Professor an der Leibniz Universität Hannover.

Leben
Stephan hat in Darmstadt Mathematik und Physik studiert. 1975 promovierte er über "Differenzenapproximationen von Pseudo-Differentialoperatoren". Er war wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in Darmstadt, wo er sich 1984 habilitierte über "Boundary integral equations for mixed boundary value problems, screen and transmission problems in ". Von 1983 bis 1989 war er Professor am  Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, USA. 1989 erhielt er einen Ruf an die Leibniz Universität Hannover, wo er bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Herbst 2015 tätig war.

Stephan arbeitet auf dem Gebiet der numerischen Mathematik und hat bahnbrechende wissenschaftliche Forschungsbeiträge auf dem Gebiet der finiten Elemente und Randelemente zur Beschreibung akustischer, elektromagnetischer sowie mechanischer Phänomene. Seine Forschung zu Randelementmethoden wurde 2018 mit dem Frank Rizzo Award der International Association for Boundary Element Methods ausgezeichnet.

Von 2008 bis 2015 war er Mitglied des Center for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST).

Schriften
Stephan hat eine große Zahl wissenschaftlicher Artikel veröffentlicht (mehr als 220 bei MathSciNet aufgelistet).

Weblinks
Internetseite von Prof. Stephan am IfAM
Quest Seite von Prof. Stephan

Einzelnachweise

Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Mathematiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover)
Deutscher
Geboren 1947
Mann

Ernst P. Stephan


Matthäus Merian, (d. 22. Eylül 1593, Basel; ö. 19. Haziran 1650, Bad Schwalbach) bakır işleme ve baskı ustası ve yayıncı. Basel şehrinin ünlü âilesi Merianlar'a mensuptur. Bakır baskı usûlü ile çoğaltıp neşrettiği haritalarla meşhûr olmuştur. Başyapıtı ise "Topographia Germaniae" başlıklı kitaptır. Kitap, Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu'nun kent, manastır, kale gibi en önemli 2000 eserini resimlerle anlatmaktadır.

Lise eğitiminin ardından Zürihli bakır işleme ustası Friedrich Meyer'den dersler almaya başladı. Eğitim ve araştırmalarını Fransa, Almanya ve Hollanda'nın çeşitli kentlerinde sürdürdü. Basel çevresinden doğal mekanların konu edildiği 250 adet küçük ebattaki bakır işlemesiyle, Martin Luther tarafından kaleme alınan Almanca İncil için hazırladığı desenlerle isim yapmıştır. Almanca İncil'e katkısı nedeniyle halk arasında kitap uzun süre "Merian İncili" olarak anılmıştır.

Kaynakça

1593 doğumlular
1650 yılında ölenler
İsviçreli gravür sanatçıları
İsviçreli kartograflar

Matthäus Merian


مطلوب  هو فيلم أكشن. وهو من إخراج تيمر بكمامبتوف وبطولة جيمس مكافوي وأنجلينا جولي مورجان فريمان، توماس كرستشمان وتيرنس ستامب. تم إنتاجه في يونيو 2007 بميزانية تبلغ 75 مليون دولار. عرض في 25 حزيران 2008 في المملكة المتحدة وفي 27 يونيو 2008 في الولايات المتحدة.

تدور أحداث الفيلم حول ويزلي جيبسون جيمس مكافوي لم يعرف أباه أبداً تظهر له امرأة تدعى فوكس أنجلينا جولي تخبره بأن والده قد قتل وقد كان قاتل محترف وأنه يشترك معه في نفس القدرات ويجب عليه أن يثأر لمقتل أبيه.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2000
أعمال خيالية عن اغتيالات
أفلام ألمانية
أفلام ألمانية في عقد 2000
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية في عقد 2000
أفلام أنجلينا جولي
أفلام إثارة وحركة ألمانية
أفلام إثارة وحركة أمريكية
أفلام إثارة وحركة إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام إثارة وحركة في 2008
أفلام إنتاج 2008
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في شيكاغو (إلينوي)
أفلام حركة مباشرة مبنية على قصص مصورة
أفلام حول القتلة
أفلام روسية
أفلام سجلها داني إلفمان
أفلام عن الخيانة الجنسية
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي كريس مورغان
أفلام مبنية على أعمال مارك ميلر
أفلام مبنية على إميج كومكس
أفلام مصورة في براغ
أفلام مصورة في بودابست
أفلام مصورة في جمهورية التشيك
أفلام مصورة في شيكاغو (إلينوي)
أفلام من إخراج تيمور بيكمامبيتوف
أفلام من إنتاج مارك بلات
أفلام يونيفرسال بيكتشرز
اغتيالات في الأعمال الخيالية

وانتد (فيلم)


Marie Henri Wadéré, puis Heinrich Wadéré, né le 2 juillet 1865 à Colmar et mort le 27 février 1950 à Munich, est un sculpteur et médailleur allemand.

Biographie
Fils de Joseph Wadéré, stucateur et concierge de la manufacture des tabacs de Colmar, et de Barbe Paysang, Henri Wadéré naît français au sein d'une famille de stucateurs venus de Bourgogne et installée en Alsace vers 1720. La maison familiale est alors située rue des Vosges (actuelle route d'Ingersheim). Le jeune Wadéré fréquente l'école des frères de Marie au prieuré de Marast, près de Villersexel, dont les professeurs (parmi lesquels son propre frère Joseph) lui inculquent une dévotion mariale sans faille.

À partir de 1879, il devient apprenti sculpteur sur bois chez le peintre et sculpteur Adolphe Stein à Colmar, fréquente les cours de Xavier Bronner à l'école de dessin de Colmar, puis se fait engager dans un atelier de sculpture à Belfort. La production en série de statues en carton-pierre par moulage ne peut cependant assouvir ses goûts artistiques et, de retour à Colmar en 1884, il se lance dans la statuaire avec un certain succès.

Grâce à l'intervention du maire de Colmar Camille Schlumberger, il obtient une bourse annuelle de 600 marks qui lui permet de suivre pendant sept ans l'enseignement de l'Académie des beaux-arts de Munich, où il suit les cours de sculpture de Syrius Oberle et les cours d'architecture de Friedrich von Thiersch. Ses travaux académiques lui valent ses premières récompenses : à Munich, le deuxième prix pour Amour et Psyché (1889) et une médaille d'argent pour Chloé (1890) puis, à Berlin, une médaille d'or pour Chloé et une autre pour l'Adolescent à la libellule.

En 1891, il se fixe définitivement à Munich et ouvre un atelier où il crée des œuvres profanes et religieuses commandées par le clergé bavarois et des personnalités comme le régent de la cour de Bavière. En 1895, il expose au Salon à Paris et obtient du jury la mention très honorable pour l'ensemble de ses œuvres. Il obtient deux médailles à l'Exposition universelle de 1900. Sa renommée grandissante lui vaut en 1900 le poste de professeur de sculpture à l'Akademie für Angewandte Kunst de Munich. Les commandes importantes se succèdent : Pallas Athena offerte à Bismarck en 1895, mémorial à Richard Wagner, en marbre d'Untersberger, inauguré en 1913 devant le Prinzregententheater à Munich par Louis III de Bavière, travaux décoratifs à l'église Saint-Bennon, reliefs pour le couvent des bénédictins de Sao Paulo, Vierge à l'Enfant (1925) à Cleveland. Il expose à plusieurs reprises notamment au Glaspalast. Il est aussi lié à l'école de sculpture d'Oberammergau.

Wadéré est surtout connu pour son style néoclassique, comme le monument de Richard Wagner a la Prinzregentenplatz de Munich (1913). Les statues sur le portique du sont aussi de lui. Il est l'auteur de nombreuses statues funéraires, comme au cimetière de l'Ouest de Munich, et du monument aux morts d'Eichstätt (1911).

Il meurt à Munich. Il est enterré au Waldfriedhof de Munich.

Galerie

Références

Liens externes

  Biographie

Naissance en juillet 1865
Naissance à Colmar
Décès en février 1950
Décès à Munich
Sculpteur allemand du XIXe siècle
Sculpteur allemand du XXe siècle
Décès à 84 ans

Heinrich Waderé


This is a list of Canadian ambassadors and high commissioners to other countries and international organizations, including permanent representatives of ambassadorial rank from Canada.

In cases where a diplomat is accredited to more than one nation, the first country listed is the location of the Ambassador's or High Commissioner's residence, followed by other countries of accreditation, in alphabetical order.

See also
 List of ambassadors and high commissioners to Canada
 List of Canadian diplomats

References

Canada
Global Affairs Canada

List of ambassadors and high commissioners of Canada


The following is a list of the 124 communes of the department of Corse-du-Sud, Corsica, France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Ajaccien
Communauté de communes de l'Alta Rocca
Communauté de communes Celavu-Prunelli
Communauté de communes de la Pieve de l'Ornano et du Taravo
Communauté de communes du Sartenais Valinco Taravo
Communauté de communes Spelunca-Liamone
Communauté de communes du Sud Corse

References

Lists of communes of France

Communes of the Corse-du-Sud department


පඬුවස්නුවර යන්නෙන් පහත දෑ අදහස් විය හැක:
 පඬුවස්නුවර - මධ්‍යකාලීන යුගයේ ලක්දිව අගනුවරක්ව (පරාක්‍රමපුරය) පැවති ස්ථානය.
 පඬුවස්නුවර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාශය - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, වයඹ පළාතේ, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ, පිහිටි ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයකි.

වක්‍රෝත්තිහරණ පිටු

පඬුවස්නුවර (බහුරුත්හරණය)


Rafiganj es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Aurangabad, estado de Bihar.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 97  a 118 km de la capital estatal, Patna, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 31 784 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bihar

Rafiganj


Ana María Patricia Fauring é uma matemática argentina, que ganhou o Prêmio Paul Erdős de 2004 por ser "o principal matemático envolvido no treinamento de equipes argentinas para a IMO e outros eventos internacionais, onde elas se saíram de forma respeitável".

Fauring obteve um doutorado em 1982 na Universidade de Buenos Aires, orientada por Ángel Rafael Larotonda, com a tese Una noción de estabilidad para campos vectoriales complejos.

Matemáticas da Argentina
Matemáticos da Argentina
Alunos da Universidade de Buenos Aires
Pessoas vivas

Patricia Fauring


An Habenaria praecox in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Peter S. `Bill' Lavarack ngan A.W.Dockrill. An Habenaria praecox in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Queensland. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria praecox


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Dražice enthält das eine nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützte Objekt in der Gemeinde Dražice im Okres Rimavská Sobota.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Drazice

Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Dražice (Slowakei)


Bretagne epanyölü, orta irilikte, sık tüylü bir köpek ırkıdır.

Omuzdan tere yüksekliği 44 – 52 cm, ağırlığı 13,5 – 18 kg olan Bretagne epanyölü, uzun bacaklı, av sırasında uzun mesafeleri koşabilen bir av köpeğidir. Tüyleri sık, düz ya da kıvırcık, genellikle koyu turuncu - beyaz ya da kahverengi - beyazdır. Burnu kulamsı, kırmızıya çalan kahverengi, kahverengi ya da koyu kırmızı olur. Kulakları yukarıdadır, yassıdır ve kafaya yapışık durur. Kuyruk ya hiç yoktur ya da 10 cm'yi pek az geçer. Avdaki ustalığıyla ünlüdür.

Temel Özellikler
Zekidir, eğitilebilir. Belirli bir hareket tarzı vardır. Sevimli ve oyuncudur. Sert bir eğitime tabi tutulursa hırçın olabilir. Evde uyuması gerekir. İyi huyludur.

Neler Yapar
Ormanlık, düzlük, tepelik her türlü araziye uyum sağlayabilir. Soğuğa ve neme dayanıklıdır. Özellikle çulluk, keklik, yaban tavşanı avında kullanılır.

Daima hareketli ve coşkuludur, yorulmak bilmez. Bir yaban tavşanını koşarak yakalayabilecek beceriye sahiptir. Avı sudan çıkarıp getirmek için gerekli gelişmiş içgüdülere sahiptir. Orta büyüklükte olduğu ve kolay taşınabildiği için milyonlarca avcı arasında büyük bir şöhret kazanmıştır. Bataklıkta avlanabilir. İyi bir yüzücülüğü vardır. Avı bulur ve getirir (aport). Neşeli karakterinden ötürü insana arkadaşlık eden bir köpek olarak da çok popülerdir. Daima bir spor köpeği olmakla birlikte apartman hayatına da kolayca uyum sağlayabilir.

Tarihçe
Geçmişi 1.800 yıl kadar öncesine dayanmaktadır. Zamanla artan gelişen ve daha iyisini bulma çabalarından doğan saf ve verimli cins çalışmaları yapılmıştır. 1800'lerde Fransa'nın Brittany bölgesinde bu türün en iyi numuneleri çaprazlanarak çok saf bir cins elde edilmiştir.
1900'lü yılların başında Arthur Enaud çalışmalarını hızlandırarak 1907 yılında bir Epagneul Breton kulübü kurmuştur. 3 Eylül 1907 tarihinde ise bir kongre düzenlemiş ve bu cinse ait en iyi av köpeklerini katılımcılara sunmuştur. Bu toplantıdan sonra Bretonlar o kadar çok rağbet görmüştür ki Haziran 1908 tarihinde ikinci bir kongre daha yapılmış ve bu av köpeğinin kullanımı hızla artmıştır.

Özellikler
 Çok yönlü bir av köpeğidir.
 Turuncu ve beyaz; kırmızımsı kahverengi ve beyaz; turuncu, kırmızımsı kahverengi ve beyaz renk çeşitleri vardır.
 Fransa'da ortaya çıkmıştır.
 1800'lü yıllarda ortaya çıkmıştır.
 Avı işaret etme, avı bulma ve getirme gibi içgüdüsel işlevleri vardır. Bu yeteneklerinden dolayı günümüzdeki yarışmalarda kazanabilmektedir.
 Kilo Erkek/Kilo Dişi: 14-18/14–18 kg
 Boy Erkek/Boy Dişi: 44-52/44–52 cm
 Ortalama Ömrü: 12-13 yıl

30P Üzerinden Değerlendirmeler
 Ağırlık: 18 *
 Çocuklarla Dostluk: 24
 Sıcakkanlılık: 10
 Diğer Köpeklerle Dostluk: 6
 Diğer Hayvanlarla Dostluk: 6
 Bekçilik: 24
 Koruma: 2
 Taranma İhtiyacı: 2
 Egzersiz İhtiyacı: 10
 Soğuğa Dayanıklıklık: 6
 Sıcağa Dayanıklılık: 6
 Eğitebilirlik: 24
 Oyunculuk: 8
 Boyut: 20

Benzer Köpek Irkları
 Gordon Setter
 Labrador Retriever
 Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
 İrlandalı Setter
 Welsh Springer Spaniel
 Sussex Spanieli
 İngiliz Setter
 Pointer
 İngiliz Springer Spaniel
 Flat Coated Retriever

Galeri

Dış bağlantılar
Brittany Irk Bilgisi

Köpek ırkları

Bretonya epanyölü


An Carex minxianica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Y.C.Yang. An Carex minxianica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex minxianica


දෙල්ගහවත්තගේ රාජ් කුමාර් සෝමදේව (උපත – 1960 ඔක්තොම්බර් 31) කැළණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ, පුරාවිද්‍යා පශ්චාත් උපාධි ආයතනයේ පුරාවිද්‍යාව පිළිබද ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ මහාචාර්යවරයෙක් වන අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකා පුරාවිද්‍යා කවුන්සිලයේ  ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ සාමාජිකයෙකි. 2005 වසරේ දී ඔහු ලන්ඩන් යුනිවර්සිටි කොලේජ් හි පුරාවිද්‍යා ආයතනයෙන් චාල්ස් වොලස් පර්යේෂණ සාමාජිකත්වය ලැබීමට ද සමත් විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික යුගයට අදාල ව සිදුකරන කැණීම් සහ ගවේෂණ හේතුවෙන් ඒ මහතා ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලයි.

ළමා අවධිය
දෙල්ගහවත්තගේ රාජ් කුමාර් සෝමදේව 1960 ඔක්තෝබර් 31 වන දින ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වැල්ලවායේ දී උපත ලැබීය. ඔහු දරුවන් හය දෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් පවුලක වැඩිමලා විය.

ඔහුගේ පියා රාජ්‍ය සේවකයෙකු වූ බැවින් පවුලේ සාමාජිකයින්ටත් රට වටා සංක්‍රමණය වීමට සිදු වූ අතර, ඔහුට නිතර පාසල් මාරු කිරීමට සිදු විය. එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස ඔහු පූජාපිටිය මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය, නිවිතිගල සුමන මහා විද්‍යාලය, ඇහැලියගොඩ ධර්මපාල විද්‍යාලය, හිදැල්ලන සීවලී මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය, මිනුවන්ගොඩ නාලන්ද විද්‍යාලය, පිටිපන රෝමානු කතෝලික විද්‍යාලය, කළුතර හොලික්‍රොස් විද්‍යාලය සහ අවසානයේ කළුතර විද්‍යාලය යන පාසල් වලින් ඔහු අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා ඇත.

උසස් අධ්‍යාපනය
ඔහු 1986 දී පුරාවිද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ශාස්ත්‍රවේදී උපාධිය ලබාගත් අතර, 1994 දී කැළණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙන් එම විෂයයෙන් ම දර්ශනපති උපාධිය ද ලබා ගත්තේය. 2006 දී ඔහු ස්වීඩනයේ උප්සලා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා හා පුරාණ ඉතිහාස දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවෙන් පුරාවිද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ආචාර්ය උපාධිය ලබා ගත්තේය.

ඔහු, මහාචාර්ය සේනක බණ්ඩාරනායකගේ සහ උප්සලා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ මහාචාර්ය පෝල් සින්ක්ලෙයාර්ගේ ශිෂ්‍යයෙකි.

වෘත්තීය ජීවිතය
සෝමදේව 1989 සිට 1994 දක්වා සීගිරිය - යුනෙස්කෝ - ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංස්කෘතික ත්‍රිකෝණ ව්‍යාපෘතියේ සහකාර අධ්‍යක්ෂවරයෙකු ලෙස සේවය කර ඇත. එම කාලය තුළ ඔහු, සීගිරිය-දඹුල්ල ප්‍රදේශය ආශ්‍රිතව පැවැැත්වුණු ජර්මානු-ශ්‍රී ලංකා සහයෝගිතා කැණීම් ව්‍යාපෘතියේ සහ ස්වීඩන්-ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාවාස පුරාවිද්‍යා ව්‍යාපෘතියේ ක්ෂේත්‍ර අධ්‍යක්ෂවරයා ලෙස ද කටයුතු කළේය.

ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පුරාවිද්‍යා අධ්‍යක්ෂ ජනරාල්වරයාගේ සහ ජාතික ලේඛනාරක්ෂක දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ උපදේශක කමිටු සාමාජිකයෙකු ලෙස සිය දායකත්වය ලබා දී ඇත.

2013 දී ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික පර්යේෂණ කවුන්සිලයේ සාමාජිකයෙකු ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී.

පාසල්වල ඉතිහාස ඉගැන්වීමේ විෂයමාලා සංශෝධනය කිරීමට ද ඔහු තම හැකියාව පුළුල් ලෙස දායක කළ අතර වර්තමාන ඉතිහාස පෙළපොත් සඳහා පරිච්ඡේද කිහිපයක් ලියා ඇත.

2022 වන විට ඔහු කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා පශ්චාත් උපාධි ආයතනයේ පුරාවිද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ මහාචාර්යවරයකු ලෙස සේවය කරයි.

2022 දී ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සංචාරක අමාත්‍යාංශයේ උපදේශක කමිටුවේ සාමාජිකයෙකු ලෙස ද පත් කරනු ලැබීය.

වර්තමානයේ ඔහු එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන මගින් අරමුදල් සපයන ව්‍යාපෘති කිහිපයක උපදේශකයෙකු ලෙස සේවය කරයි.

පර්යේෂණ
සෝමදේවගේ ප්‍රධාන අධ්‍යයන ක්ෂේත්‍රය වන්නේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පැරණි නාගරීකරණයයි. ඔහු 1999 සිට 2005 දක්වා වසර හයක් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දකුණු හා ගිනිකොන දිග ප්‍රදේශයේ, ජාතික ඓතිහාසික වංශකතාවල සහ ශිලා ලේඛනවල විස්තර කර ඇති නාගරිකත්වයේ ඓතිහාසික වර්ධනය අවබෝධ කර ගැනීමට ගත කළේය. එම කාලය තුළ ඔහු, පහළ කිරිඳි ඔය ද්‍රෝණියේ සාර්ව පරිමාණ ගවේශනයන් ඇතුළුව, පුරාවිද්‍යා කැණීම් නවයක් සිදු කළේය. එම ක්ෂේත්‍ර කටයුතුවල ප්‍රතිඵල, 'The Origins of Urbanism in Southern Sri Lanka' යන උදෘතය යටතේ උප්සලා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ ආචාර්ය උපාධිය සඳහා ඔහුගේ නිබන්ධනය ලෙසින් ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී.

ආචාර්ය උපාධිය සම්පූර්ණ කිරීමෙන් පසු, ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පූර්ව හා ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික සංක්‍රාන්තිය සම්බන්ධ ගැටලු විමර්ශනය කිරීමට යොමු වූයේය. ඔහුගේ ක්ෂේත්‍ර කාර්යයේ ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස, හොලොසීන යුගයේ දියුණු දඩයම්කරුවන් විසින් අත්පත් කරගත් පසුකාලීන ප්‍රාග් ඉතිහාසයේ නව සංක්‍රාන්ති අවධියක්, ඔහු හඳුනා ගත්තේය. පසු කාලීන හොලොසීන දඩයම්කරුවන් දේශගුණික විපර්යාසවලට හැඩ ගැසුනු ආකාරය සහ ඔවුන්ගේ පැවැත්ම සඳහා ශාකමය සම්පත් පරිභෝජනයට අනුගත වූ ආකාරය පැහැදිලි කිරීමට සෝමදේව සමත් විය. දැන් ඔහු උත්සුක වන්නේ රට තුළ අවසන් වූ හොලොසීන යුගයේ දියුණු දඩයම්කරුවන්ගේ සංජානන දියුණුව තේරුම් ගැනීමටය.

සෝමදේව 2017 සහ 2019 දී ජාතික විද්‍යා පදනමෙන් තරඟකාරී පර්යේෂණ ප්‍රදානයක් දිනා ගත්තේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හොලොසීන දඩයම්කරුවන්ගේ පාරිසරික අනුවර්තනයන් පිළිබඳ පර්යේෂණ සඳහා ය.

ඔහු සිය පොත් දාහතට අමතරව, දේශීය හා ජාත්‍යන්තර වශයෙන් පර්යේෂණ පත්‍රිකා හැත්තෑපහකට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කර ඇත.

බුදුදහම මහින්දාගමනයට පෙර පටන් පැවති බවට සහ ලංකා ඉතිහාසය විජය-කුවේණි යුගයට වඩා ඔබ්බට දිවෙන බවට සාක්ෂි ඇති බව රාජ් සෝමදේව මහතා පවසයි.ලංකාවේ ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික සංස්කෘතිය ගැන එතුමා අපරිමිත සේවය ක් ඉටුකරයි.

සම්මාන හා පිළිගැනීම්
1998 දී ඔහු ශාස්ත්‍රීය අංශයේ නායකත්වය සැපයීම සහ ජයග්‍රහණ උදාකරගැනීමේ අංශයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රමුඛයන් දසදෙනාගේ සම්මානය ද දිනාගත්තේ ය.

2005 වසරේ දී ඔහුට යුනිවසිටි කොලේජ් ඔෆ් ලන්ඩන්හි පුරාවිද්‍යා ආයතනයෙන් චාල්ස් වොලස් පර්යේෂණ සාමාජිකත්වය ප්‍රදානය කෙරුණි.

රාජ් සෝමදේව මහතා ලෝක පුරාවිද්‍යා කොංග්‍රසයේ සාමාජිකයකු ද වෙයි.

Rock Paintings and Engraving Sites in Sri Lanka නම් ඔහුගේ කෘතිය, 2013 වසරේ ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවෙන් පළ වූ හොඳම ශාස්ත්‍රීය ප්‍රකාශනය සඳහා වන රාජ්‍ය සාහිත්‍ය සම්මානය දිනා ගත්තේය.

බාහිර සබැඳි

 OCLC WorldCat Identities - Somadeva, Raj
 Google Scholar - Raj Somadeva
 ResearchGate - Raj Somadeva

මූලාශ්‍ර

ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
විද්‍යාඥයෝ
පුරාවිද්‍යාව
ජීවමාන ජනයා
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික පුරාවිද්‍යාඥයෝ
පුරාවිද්‍යාඥයෝ - සිංහල

රාජ් සෝමදේව


Yersizyurtsuzluk, kavram olarak postmodernizmle birlikte öne çıkmış ve postmodern felsefe tarafından kuramsal alanda kavramsal statüye kavuşturulmuştur.

En genel kullanımı köksüzlük anlamındadır, ve düşünce tarihindeki temelci, otantik, merkezci düşünce geleneğine karşı bir düşünce tarzının ifadesidir. Yersizyurtsuzluk bu anlamda göçebelik ve göçebe düşünce kavramlarıyla birlikte değerlendirilir. Belirgin olarak Gilles Deleuze ve Fellix Guatari'nin çalışmalarında bu kavramların kullanıldığı ve değerlendirildiği görülür. Onlara göre kapitalizm, yeni bir toplumsal düzenleme yoluyla mevcut yapıyı dağıtmakta, yurtsuzlaştırmaktadır. Kendi varlığını sürdürebilmek içinse yeniden yeryurt sahibi yapmaktadır; bütün kültürler bir yandan köksüzleştirilmekte ve öte yandan kapitalizmin varoluşu için yeniden yerleştirilmektedir.

Ancak yersizyurtsuzluk kavramının bundan öte felsefe-içi anlam katmanları, düşüncenin kendisine dair anlamları vardır. Buna göre düşünmek bir kendini yerinde hissetmemek hali olarak gerçekleşir. Buna göre hiçbir teorinin nihai ve vazgeçilmez olması söz konusu olamaz. Düşüncelere, fikirlere, öğretilere yurt edinmek anlamında bağlanılmamak gerekir. Yersizyurtsuzluk artık bir yer ve yurt sahibi olamamak değil düşünmenin daha en başından itibaren zaten köksüz olması, yersiz ve yurtsuz olması anlamındadır. Dahası, yersizyurtsuz düşünme yönelimi, belirli bir hakim düşüncenin kapanımına karşı direnir; çünkü o merkezsizdir ve gövdesizdir, belirli bir paradigma tarafından doğrudan kodlanıp merkezlenemez. Kök halinde bulunmakla birlikte hiçbir zaman kök salıp dallanıp budaklanmayı hedeflemez, yatay düzlemde yayılımıyla iktidar konumlarından sakınır.

Yersizyurtsuzluk kavramının Friedrich Nietzsche, Theodor W. Adorno, Heidegger gibi düşünürlerde öncülleri; Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Deleuze ve Guattari gibi düşünürlerde kullanımı ve geliştirilmesi söz konusudur.

Deleuze ve Guattari'nin Kök-sap ve organsız beden kavramları yersizyurtsuz düşüncenin bir önermesidir. Foucault, kendi kuramsal çalışmalarını ve geliştirdiği kavram ve kategorileri bir alet-edevat kutusu (tool-box) olarak tanımladığında yeryizyurtsuz düşüncenin bir örneğini vermektedir. Öte yandan Adorno'nun değişik bağlamlarda da (dil, düşünce) değerlendirilebilecek önermesi, "bugün insanın evindeyken kendini evinde hissetmemesi bir ahlak sorunudur" (Minima Moralia) deyişi, yersizyurtsuzluk fikrinin açılımlarından birini göstermektedir.

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
 Gilles Deleuze Özel Sayısı, Toplumbilim dergisi, Sayı 5, Kasım 1996

Postmodernizm
Felsefi kavramlar

Yersizyurtsuzluk


Richard Dobbs Spaight (March 25, 1758September 6, 1802) was an American Founding Father, politician, planter, and signer of the United States Constitution, who served as a Democratic-Republican U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 10th congressional district from 1798 to 1801. Spaight was the eighth governor of North Carolina from 1792 to 1795. He ran for the North Carolina Senate in 1802, and Federalist U.S. Congressman John Stanly campaigned against him as unworthy. Taking offense, Stanly challenged him to a duel on September 5, 1802, in which Stanly shot and mortally wounded Spaight, who died the following day.

Biography
Spaight was the father of North Carolina Governor Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr. and the grandfather of U.S. Representative Richard Spaight Donnell.

Early life
Spaight was born in New Bern, North Carolina, the son of the secretary of the Crown in the colony and grand-nephew of North Carolina Governor Arthur Dobbs. Orphaned at the age of eight, he was sent to live with his Dobbs relatives at Carrickfergus in Northern Ireland and later followed his cousin Richard Dobbs to the University of Glasgow. During the American Revolutionary War Spaight returned to North Carolina, serving as aide-de-camp to Major General Richard Caswell at the Battle of Camden.

Political career

The North Carolina General Assembly elected Spaight a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation between 1782 and 1785; he then served in the North Carolina House of Commons from 1785 to 1787 and was named speaker of the House. In 1787, he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention that drafted the U.S. Constitution, and he signed the document when he was 29 years old.

Under the North Carolina Constitution of 1776, Spaight was nominated for governor in 1787 but was defeated by a majority in the General Assembly; he was nominated for the United States Senate in 1789 and was again defeated. In 1788, he was a member of the state convention, which voted not to ratify the Constitution, although Spaight supported ratification. On March 24, 1788, he married Mary Leach, who had the distinction of being the first lady to dance with George Washington at a ball in Washington's honor at the Governor's Palace, New Bern, in 1791.

Spaight retired from politics for several years because of ill health; he returned to the state House of Representatives in 1792. Also, in 1792, he was elected the first native-born governor of North Carolina and was re-elected by the General Assembly for two further one-year terms. During his term as governor, sites were chosen for the new state capital of Raleigh and the newly chartered University of North Carolina. Spaight was chair of the university's board of trustees during his term as governor. He stepped down as governor in 1795, having served the constitutional limit of three one-year terms.

Spaight was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1798, filling the unexpired term of Nathan Bryan; he was elected to a two-year term in 1799, serving until 1801, and though elected as a Federalist, his views on states rights led him to become associated with the Democratic-Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson. He lost his bid for re-election to Congress but returned to state government, serving in the North Carolina Senate beginning in 1801.

Slavery

Spaight was part of the planter class and an extensive enslaver. According to census records, he enslaved 71 people in 1790 and 83 people in 1800. At the time of his death in 1802, he was enslaving 89 people. As a delegate to the Confederation Congress, Spaight led the successful effort to eliminate Thomas Jefferson's proposed ban on slavery from the Northwest Ordinance of 1784.

Death and legacy
Spaight died on September 6, 1802, following injuries sustained in a duel with John Stanly, the Federalist congressman who had defeated him in the election of 1800 for the House of Representatives. Spaight is buried at "Clermont," near New Bern, North Carolina. Spaight Street in Madison, Wisconsin, is named in honor of Richard Spaight. Most of the main streets in downtown Madison are named after signers of the United States Constitution.

References

Bibliography

External links

 Richard Dobbs Spaight at The Historical Marker Database (HMdb.org)
 Richard Dobbs Spaight at the National Governors Association
 Richard Dobbs Spaight at The Political Graveyard

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Richard Dobbs Spaight


Japan
 Okinawa, otok
 Otočje Okinawa
 Okinawa (prefektura)

Vidi i:
 Okinavci
 Okinavski jezik

Okinawa (razdvojba)


The Pirc Defence (pronounced  ) is a chess opening characterised by the response of Black to 1.e4 with 1...d6 and 2...Nf6, followed by ...g6 and ...Bg7, while allowing White to establish a  with pawns on d4 and e4. It is named after the Slovenian grandmaster Vasja Pirc.

The Pirc Defence is usually defined by the opening sequence
1. e4 d6
2. d4 Nf6
3. Nc3 g6

This is the most commonly played line after Black responds to 1.e4 with 1...d6. It has been claimed to give rise to somewhat interesting and exciting games, where Black will have  but has to be cautious about playing too passively. According to Garry Kasparov, the Pirc Defence is "hardly worth using in the tournaments of the highest category", as it gives White "too many opportunities for anybody's liking".

Description
The Pirc Defence, named after Slovenian grandmaster Vasja Pirc, is a relatively new opening; while it was seen on occasion in the late nineteenth century, it was considered irregular, thus remaining a sideline. The opening began gaining some popularity only after World War II, and by the 1960s it was regarded as , owing in large part to the efforts of Canadian grandmaster Duncan Suttles. Black, in hypermodern fashion, does not immediately stake a claim in the centre with pawns; rather, Black works to undermine White's centre from the . Its first appearance in a World Championship match was in 1972, when it was played by Bobby Fischer against Boris Spassky at Reykjavík (game 17); the game ended in a draw.

Hooper and Whyld gave a distinct formal definition, 1.d4 d6 2.e4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6, permuting White's first two moves, although they qualified the definition by remarking that 1.e4 d6 could also transpose to the Pirc.  The presence or absence of Black's third move in the Pirc is reported differently, according to the source; with the pawn move 3...g6, Black prepares to fianchetto the king's bishop to g7.  Paul van der Sterren therefore described 3...g6 as "the defining move of the Pirc Defence" because the development of the bishop to g7 "creates the same sort of positional tension as the King's Indian Defence".

A distinction is usually drawn between the Pirc and lines where Black delays the development of his knight to f6, or omits it altogether; this is known as the Modern or Robatsch Defence.  The tenth edition of Modern Chess Openings (1965) grouped the Pirc and Robatsch together as the "Pirc–Robatsch Defense".

Main line: 3...g6

Austrian Attack: 4.f4

The Austrian Attack begins 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.f4 Bg7 5.Nf3, and was a favourite of Fischer. It is also well respected by Nick de Firmian, the author of Modern Chess Openings (). In placing pawns on d4, e4 and f4, White establishes a powerful centre, intending to push in the centre and/or attack on the ; in the main line, Black will usually counter with ...e5, aiming for play against the dark squares and weaknesses created by White's central advance. This direct, aggressive line is one of the most ambitious systems against the Pirc. Jan Timman has played the Austrian successfully with both colours. Yuri Balashov does well with the white pieces, and Valery Beim has an impressive score on the black side.

5...0-0
The most frequently played move after 5...0-0 is 6.Bd3 (the Weiss Variation), with 6...Nc6 the most common response, though 6....Na6, with the idea of ....Nc7, ....Rb8 and ....b5 became popular in the 1980s after 6....Nc6 was found to offer Black few winning chances. 6.e5 is a  try, with unclear consequences, which was much played in the 1960s, though it has never attained popularity at the highest levels. 6.Be2 is another move which was often seen in the 1950s and early 1960s, although the defeat sustained by Fischer in the game given in the example games spurred White players, including Fischer, to turn to 6.Bd3. In the 1980s, 6.Be2 c5 7.dxc5 Qa5 8.0-0 Qxc5+ 9.Kh1 was revived with more favourable results. 6.Be3 is another possibility, first extensively explored in the 1970s and played by Bojan Kurajica, Yuri Balashov and Alexander Beliavsky, which leads to sharp play.

5...c5
Black's chief alternative to 5...0-0 lies in an immediate strike against the white centre with 5...c5, to which the usual response is either 6.dxc5 or 6.Bb5+. The former allows 6...Qa5. The latter promises a tactical melee, with a common line being 6.Bb5+ Bd7 7.e5 Ng4 8.e6 (8.h3 or 8.Bxd7+ are other possibilities) 8...fxe6, which was thought bad, until Yasser Seirawan played the move against Gyula Sax in 1988 (8...Bxb5 is the alternative, if Black does not want the forced draw in the main line), continuing 9.Ng5 Bxb5 Now if White tries 10.Nxe6, Black has 10...Bxd4!, ignoring the threat to his queen, in view of 11.Nxd8 Bf2+ 12.Kd2 Be3+ with a draw by perpetual check. White can instead try 11.Nxb5, with complicated play.

White can also essay the sharp 6.e5 against 5...c5, after which 6...Nfd7 7.exd6 0-0 is considered to offer good play for Black.

Classical (Two Knights) System: 4.Nf3

The Classical (Two Knights) System begins 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Be2 0-0 6.0-0. White contents themselves with the 'classical'  with pawns at e4 and d4, forgoing the committal move f2–f4 as Black castles and builds a compact structure. Efim Geller, Anatoly Karpov and Evgeni Vasiukov have all successfully used this system for White; Zurab Azmaiparashvili has scored well as Black. This transposes into the Sicilian Dragon after 6...c5 7.Be3 cxd4 8.Nxd4.

The 150 and Argentine Attacks
The setup f2–f3, Be3 and Qd2 is commonly used against the King's Indian Defence and Dragon Sicilian, and can also be used against the Pirc; indeed, this system is as old as the Pirc itself.

The system 4.f3 was introduced by Argentine players c. 1930 and again in 1950. It was never considered dangerous for Black because of 4.f3 Bg7 5.Be3 c6 6.Qd2 b5. It received a severe blow in about 1985, when Gennady Zaichik showed that Black could castle anyway and play a dangerous gambit with 5...0-0 6.Qd2 e5.

The Argentines feared the sally ...Ng4, though some British players (especially Mark Hebden, Paul Motwani, Gary Lane, later also Michael Adams) came to realise that this was mainly dangerous for Black, therefore playing Be3 and Qd2 in all sorts of move orders, while omitting f2–f3. They called this the 150 Attack, because players of this strength (150 ECF) can easily play this position and get strong play without any theory.

The original Argentine idea probably is only viable after 4.Be3 Bg7 5.Qd2 0-0 6.0-0-0 c6 (or Nc6) 7.f3 b5 8.h4. Black usually does not castle, though, and prefers 5...c6 or even 4...c6. The question of whether and when to insert Nf3 remains unclear.

Other systems
 4.Bg5 was introduced by Robert Byrne in the 1960s, after which Black has often played the natural 4...Bg7, though 4...c6 is considered more flexible, as Black may wish to save a tempo in anticipation of White's plan of Qd2, followed by Bh6, by deferring ...Bg7 as long as possible, playing for  activity with ...b7–b5 and ...Qa5. White's idea of Qd2 and Bh6 may give a transposition to the lines with Be3 and Qd2. A less common method of playing this system is 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Bg5.
 4.Bf4. This formerly rare move has become more popular lately, in large part because the position can come about via a fashionable line of the London System: 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bf4 g6 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4.
 4.Bc4 Bg7 5.Qe2 is a sharp try for advantage; 5...Nc6 can lead to hair-raising complications after 6.e5, when Black's best line may be 6...Ng4 7.e6 Nxd4 8.Qxg4 Nxc2+, avoiding the more frequently played 6...Nxd4 7.exf6 Nxe2 8.fxg7 Rg8 9.Ngxe2 Rxg7, which has been generally considered to lead to an equal or unclear position, though White has scored heavily in practice. 6...Nd7 is now considered fine for Black, in view of 7.e6 fxe6 8.Qxe6 Nde5! 9.Qd5 e6 with advantage to Black. If White instead plays the better 7.Nf3, Black has multiple  choices, including 7...0-0 and 7...Nb6 (followed by ...Na5), which is considered to equalise. Another possibility for Black is 5...c6, though 6.e5 dxe5 7.dxe5 Nd5 8.Bd2, followed by long castling, gives White the advantage, as Black's position is cramped and he lacks active counterplay.
 4.g3 and 5.Bg2, followed by Nge2, is a solid line, which was sometimes adopted by Karpov.
 4.Be3 is another alternative. Considered relatively passive in earlier times, today's practice uses this move as a flexible entry into lines which may feature h3/Nf3 or even h3/g4/Bg2 – while still maintaining the option of returning to 150-like plans or the Austrian if Black commits to moves that do not help in this type of position.
 4.Be2 may transpose into the Classical System after 4...Bg7 5.Nf3, or White may try one of two highly aggressive lines, the Bayonet Attack (5.h4) or the Chinese Variation (5.g4).

Early deviations
After 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3, Black has an alternative to 3...g6 (Main line) known as the Pribyl System or Czech Defence, beginning 3...c6. The lines often transpose to the Pirc if Black later plays ...g6; alternatively, Black can play ...Qa5 and ...e5 to challenge White's centre, or expand on the  with ...b5.

A common deviation by Black in recent practice is 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 e5. This has been tried by many GMs over the years, including Zurab Azmaiparashvili and Christian Bauer. White's 4.dxe5 is known to be equal, and play normally continues 4...dxe5 5.Qxd8+ Kxd8 6.Bc4 Be6 7.Bxe6 fxe6. Instead, White normally transposes to the Philidor Defence with 4.Nf3.

An unusual deviation for Black is 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 e6, which can transpose to the Scheveningen Variation of the Sicilian Defence after 4.Nf3 Be7 5.Bb5+ c6 6.Be2 0-0 7.Be3 c5 8.0-0 cxd4 9.Nxd4.

An unusual but quite reasonable deviation for White is 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.f3. At the 1989 Barcelona World Cup event, former world champion Garry Kasparov surprised American grandmaster Yasser Seirawan with this move. After 3...g6 4.c4, an unhappy Seirawan found himself defending the King's Indian Defence for the first time in his life, though he managed to draw the game. Black can avoid a King's Indian with 3...e5, which may lead to an Old Indian type of position after 4.d5, with 3...c5, which may lead to a Benoni type of position after 4.d5 or transpose to Prins Variation of the Sicilian Defence after 4.Ne2 cxd4 5.Nxd4, or with 3...d5. This can transpose to the Classical Variation of the French Defence after 4.e5 Nfd7 5.f4 e6 6.Nf3, to the Tarrasch Variation of the French Defence after 4.e5 Nfd7 5.f4 e6 6.c3 c5 7.Nd2 Nc6 8.Ndf3, or even to the Blackmar–Diemer Gambit with an extra tempo for White after 4.Nc3 dxe4 5.Bg5 exf3 6.Nxf3.

Example games
In the following game, Azmaiparashvili uses the Pirc to defeat reigning world chess champion Karpov. Karpov vs. Azmaiparashvili, USSR Championship, Moscow 1983 1.e4 d6 2.d4 g6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 Bg7 5.Be2 0-0 6.0-0 Bg4 7.Be3 Nc6 8.Qd2 e5 9.d5 Ne7 10.Rad1 b5 11.a3 a5 12.b4 axb4 13.axb4 Ra3 14.Bg5 Rxc3 15.Bxf6 Bxf3 16.Bxf3 Ra3 17.Bxg7 Kxg7 18.Ra1 Qa8 19.Rxa3 Qxa3 20.Be2 Qb2 21.Rd1 f5 22.exf5 Nxf5 23.c3 Qxd2 24.Rxd2 Ra8 25.Bxb5 Ra3 26.Rc2 Ne7 27.f4 exf4 28.Bc6 Nf5 29.Kf2 Ne3 30.Rc1 Kf6 31.g3 Ke5 32.Kf3 g5 33.gxf4+ gxf4 34.h4 Nxd5 35.Bxd5 Kxd5 36.Kxf4 Kc4 37.Re1 Rxc3 38.Re7 Kxb4 39.Rxh7 d5 40.Ke5 c6 41.Kd4 Rc4+
Kasparov vs. Veselin Topalov, Wijk aan Zee 1999.  Called Kasparov's Immortal, this game has been called "the most famous Pirc game of all time".1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.Be3 Bg7 5.Qd2 c6 6.f3 b5 7.Nge2 Nbd7 8.Bh6 Bxh6 9.Qxh6 Bb7 10.a3 e5 11.0-0-0 Qe7 12.Kb1 a6 13.Nc1 0-0-0 14.Nb3 exd4 15.Rxd4 c5 16.Rd1 Nb6 17.g3 Kb8 18.Na5 Ba8 19.Bh3 d5 20.Qf4+ Ka7 21.Rhe1 d4 22.Nd5 Nbxd5 23.exd5 Qd6 24.Rxd4 cxd4 25.Re7+ Kb6 26.Qxd4+ Kxa5 27.b4+ Ka4 28.Qc3 Qxd5 29.Ra7 Bb7 30.Rxb7 Qc4 31.Qxf6 Kxa3 32.Qxa6+ Kxb4 33.c3+ Kxc3 34.Qa1+ Kd2 35.Qb2+ Kd1 36.Bf1 Rd2 37.Rd7 Rxd7 38.Bxc4 bxc4 39.Qxh8 Rd3 40.Qa8 c3 41.Qa4+ Ke1 42.f4 f5 43.Kc1 Rd2 44.Qa7
Mikhail Tal vs. Tigran Petrosian, Moscow 1974 1.Nf3 g6 2.e4 Bg7 3.d4 d6 4.Nc3 Nf6 5.Be2 0-0 6.0-0 Nc6 7.d5 Nb8 8.Re1 e5 9.dxe6 Bxe6 10.Bf4 h6 11.Nd4 Bd7 12.Qd2 Kh7 13.e5 dxe5 14.Bxe5 Ne4 15.Nxe4 Bxe5 16.Nf3 Bg7 17.Rad1 Qc8 18.Bc4 Be8 19.Neg5+ hxg5 20.Nxg5+ Kg8 21.Qf4 Nd7 22.Rxd7 Bxd7 23.Bxf7+ 1–0
Fischer vs. Viktor Korchnoi, Curaçao 1962 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.f4 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.dxc5 Qa5 8.0-0 Qxc5+ 9.Kh1 Nc6 10.Nd2 a5 11.Nb3 Qb6 12.a4 Nb4 13.g4 Bxg4! 14.Bxg4 Nxg4 15.Qxg4 Nxc2 16.Nb5 Nxa1 17.Nxa1 Qc6 18.f5 Qc4 19.Qf3 Qxa4 20.Nc7 Qxa1 21.Nd5 Rae8 22.Bg5 Qxb2 23.Bxe7 Be5 24.Rf2 Qc1+ 25.Rf1 Qh6 26.h3 gxf5 27.Bxf8 Rxf8 28.Ne7+ Kh8 29.Nxf5 Qe6 30.Rg1 a4 31.Rg4 Qb3 32.Qf1 a3 33.Rg3 Qxg3 0–1
Hikaru Nakamura vs. Ilya Smirin, Foxwoods Open 2005 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.f4 Nf6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.e5 Nfd7 7.h4 c5 8.h5 cxd4 9.hxg6 dxc3 10.gxf7+ Rxf7 11.Bc4 Nf8 12.Ng5 e6 13.Nxf7 cxb2 14.Bxb2 Qa5+ 15.Kf1 Kxf7 16.Qh5+ Kg8 17.Bd3 Qb4 18.Rb1 Bd7 19.c4 Qd2 20.Bxh7+ Nxh7 21.Qxh7+ Kf8 22.Rh4 1–0

ECO codes
Some of the systems employed by White against the Pirc Defence include the following:
4.Bc4 (ECO B07) Kholmov System (4.Bc4 Bg7 5.Qe2)
4.Be2 (ECO B07) sub-variants after 4.Be2 Bg7 include the Chinese Variation, 5.g4, and the Bayonet (Mariotti) Attack, 5.h4
4.Be3 (ECO B07) 150 or "Caveman" Attack (4.Be3 c6 5.Qd2)
4.Bg5 (ECO B07) Byrne Variation
4.g3 (ECO B07) Sveshnikov System
4.Nf3 (ECO B08) Classical (Two Knights) System (sub-variants after 4...Bg7 include 5.h3 and 5.Be2)
4.f4 (ECO B09) Austrian Attack (sub-variants after 4.f4 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 include 6.e5, 6.Be2, 6.Bd3 and 6.Be3; also, after 4...Bg7 is 5.Bc4, the Ljubojevic Variation; Black also has the option to move into the Dragon Formation after 5.Nf3 with 5...c5)

See also
 List of chess openings
 List of chess openings named after people

Notes

References

Further reading

John Nunn and Colin McNab, The Ultimate Pirc (Batsford, 1998)
Alexander Chernin and Lev Alburt, Pirc Alert! (London, 2001)
Jacques Le Monnier, La défense Pirc en 60 parties, (Paris, Editions Grasset/Europe Echecs, 1983 for the first edition),

Chess openings

Pirc Defence


An Aloe andringitrensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie. An Aloe andringitrensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Madagascar. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aloe

Aloe andringitrensis


Tianzhou 3 foi uma missão da nave espacial de carga não tripulada da classe Tianzhou, lançada em 20 de setembro de 2021, às 07:10:11 UTC. Como as missões anteriores de Tianzhou, a espaçonave foi lançada do Centro de Lançamento de Satélites Wenchang em Hainan, China, em um veículo de lançamento Long March 7.

Ver também

 Tianzhou 2
 Programa espacial chinês

2021 na exploração espacial
2021 na China
3

Tianzhou 3


Les Homalco, aussi appelé Xwémalhkwu ou χʷɛmaɬku (en comox),  sont un peuple salish de la côte nord du groupe comox du continent tout comme les Sliammon et les Klahoose). Ils sont représentés par la Première Nation Homalco.

Voir aussi
 Comox (langue)

Liens externes
  Homalco First Nation
  Homalco, Profils des Premières Nations, Canada

Première nation en Colombie-Britannique

Homalco (peuple)


In the mathematics of chaos theory, a horseshoe map is any member of a class of chaotic maps of the square into itself. It is a core example in the study of dynamical systems. The map was introduced by Stephen Smale while studying the behavior of the orbits of the van der Pol oscillator. The action of the map is defined  geometrically by squishing the square, then stretching the result into a long strip, and finally folding the strip into the shape of a horseshoe.

Most points eventually leave the square under the action of the map. They go to the side caps where they will, under iteration, converge to a fixed point in one of the caps. The points that remain in the  square under repeated iteration form a fractal set and are part of the invariant set of the map.

The squishing, stretching and folding of the horseshoe map are typical of chaotic systems, but not necessary or even sufficient.

In the horseshoe map, the squeezing and stretching are uniform.  They compensate each other so that the area of the square does not change. The folding is done neatly, so that the orbits that remain forever in the square can be simply described.

For a horseshoe map:
 there are an infinite number of periodic orbits;
 periodic orbits of arbitrarily long period exist;
 the number of periodic orbits grows exponentially with the period; and
 close to any point of the fractal invariant set there is a point of a periodic orbit.

The horseshoe map
The horseshoe map  is a diffeomorphism defined from a region  of the plane into itself.  The region  is a square capped by two semi-disks.  The codomain of  (the "horseshoe") is a proper subset of its domain .  The action of  is defined through the composition of three geometrically defined transformations.  First the square is contracted along the vertical direction by a factor .  The caps are contracted so as to remain semi-disks attached to the resulting rectangle.  Contracting by a factor smaller than one half assures that there will be a gap between the branches of the horseshoe.  Next the rectangle is stretched horizontally by a factor of ; the caps remain unchanged.  Finally the resulting strip is folded into a horseshoe-shape and placed back into .

The interesting part of the dynamics is the image of the square into itself. Once that part is defined, the map can be extended to a diffeomorphism by defining its action on the caps. The caps are made to contract and eventually map inside one of the caps (the left one in the figure). The extension of f to the caps adds a fixed point to the non-wandering set of the map.  To keep the class of horseshoe maps simple, the curved region of the horseshoe should not map back into the square.

The horseshoe map is one-to-one, which means that an inverse f−1 exists when restricted to the image of  under .

By folding the contracted and stretched square in different ways, other types of horseshoe maps are possible.

To ensure that the map remains one-to-one, the contracted square must not overlap itself. When the action on the square is extended to a diffeomorphism, the extension cannot always be done in the plane. For example, the map on the right needs to be extended to a diffeomorphism of the sphere by using a "cap" that wraps around the equator.

The horseshoe map is an Axiom A diffeomorphism that serves as a model for the general behavior at a transverse homoclinic point, where the stable and unstable manifolds of a periodic point intersect.

Dynamics of the map
The horseshoe map was designed to reproduce the chaotic dynamics of a flow in the neighborhood of a given periodic orbit.  The neighborhood is chosen to be a small disk perpendicular to the orbit. As the system evolves, points in this disk remain close to the given periodic orbit, tracing out orbits that eventually intersect the disk once again.  Other orbits diverge.

The behavior of all the orbits in the disk can be determined by considering what happens to the disk. The intersection of the disk with the given periodic orbit comes back to itself every period of the orbit and so do points in its neighborhood. When this neighborhood returns, its shape is transformed.  Among the points back inside the disk are some points that will leave the disk neighborhood and others that will continue to return. The set of points that never leaves the neighborhood of the given periodic orbit form a fractal.

A symbolic name can be given to all the orbits that remain in the neighborhood.  The initial neighborhood disk can be divided into a small number of regions.  Knowing the sequence in which the orbit visits these regions allows the orbit to be pinpointed exactly.  The visitation sequence of the orbits provide a symbolic representation of the dynamics, known as symbolic dynamics.

Orbits
It is possible to describe the behavior of all initial conditions of the horseshoe map.  An initial point u0 = (x, y) gets mapped into the point u1 = f(u0).  Its iterate is the point u2 = f(u1) = f 2(u0), and repeated iteration generates the orbit u0, u1, u2, ...

Under repeated iteration of the horseshoe map, most orbits end up at the fixed point in the left cap. This is because the horseshoe maps the left cap into itself by an affine transformation that has exactly one fixed point. Any orbit that lands on the left cap never leaves it and converges to the fixed point in the left cap under iteration. Points in the right cap get mapped into the left cap on the next iteration, and most points in the square get mapped into the caps. Under iteration, most points will be part of orbits that converge to the fixed point in the left cap, but some points of the square never leave.

Iterating the square

Under forward iterations of the horseshoe map, the original square gets mapped into a series of horizontal strips.  The points in these horizontal strips come from vertical strips in the original square. Let  be the original square, map it forward n times, and consider only the points that fall back into the square , which is a set of horizontal stripes

The points in the horizontal stripes came from the vertical stripes
,
which are the horizontal strips  mapped backwards n times. That is, a point in  will, under n iterations of the horseshoe, end up in the set  of vertical strips.

Invariant set

If a point is to remain indefinitely in the square, then it must belong to a set  that maps to itself. Whether this set is empty or not has to be determined. The vertical strips  map into the horizontal strips , but not all points of  map back into . Only the points in the intersection of  and  may belong to , as can be checked by following points outside the intersection for one more iteration.

The intersection of the horizontal and vertical stripes, , are squares that in the limit  converge to the invariant set  (this set is an intersection of a Cantor set of vertical lines with a Cantor set of horizontal lines). The structure of this set can be better understood by introducing a system of labels for all the intersections—a symbolic dynamics.

Symbolic dynamics

Since , any point that is in  under iteration must land in the left vertical strip  of , or on the right vertical strip . The lower horizontal strip of  is the image of  and the upper horizontal strip is the image of , so H1 = f(A) ∪ f(B). The strips  and  can be used to label the four squares in the intersection of  and :

The set  consist of points from strip  that were in strip  in the previous iteration. A dot is used to separate the region the point of an orbit is in from the region the point came from.

The notation can be extended to higher iterates of the horseshoe map.  The vertical strips can be named according to the sequence of visits to strip  or strip .  For example, the set ABB ⊂ V3 consists of the points from  that will all land in  in one iteration and remain in  in the iteration after that:

Working backwards from that trajectory determines a small region, the set ABB, within V3.

The horizontal strips are named from their vertical strip pre-images.  In this notation, the intersection of V2 and H2 consists of 16 squares, one of which is

All the points in ΛAB•BB are in  and will continue to be in  for at least one more iteration.  Their previous trajectory before landing in BB was  followed by .

Periodic orbits
Any one of the intersections  of a horizontal strip with a vertical strip, where P and F are sequences of As and Bs, is an affine transformation of a small region in V1. If P has k symbols in it, and if  and  intersect, the region  will have a fixed point. This happens when the sequence P is the same as F. For example,  has at least one fixed point. This point is also the same as the fixed point in ΛAB•AB. By including more and more ABs in the P and F part of the label of intersection, the area of the intersection can be made as small as needed. It converges to a point that is part of a periodic orbit of the horseshoe map. The periodic orbit can be labeled by the simplest sequence of s and s that labels one of the regions the periodic orbit visits.

For every sequence of s and s there is a periodic orbit.

See also
Baker's map
Hénon map

Notes

References

External links

 ChaosBook.org Chapter "Stretch, fold, prune"
 CHAOS VI - Chaos and Horseshoe Chapter from Jos Leys, Étienne Ghys and Aurélien Alvarez movie Chaos

Chaotic maps
Diffeomorphisms

Horseshoe map


Miljenko Medić (10. siječnja 1955. – 9. lipnja 2014.), hrvatski šahist, FIDE majstor. Najtrofejniji je hrvatski šahist s invaliditetom.

Šahovska karijera
Bio je hrvatska informatička šahovska legenda. Nesebično je šahistima pomagao instalirajući im kompletne šahovske programe i rješavao razne probleme na računalima.
Svi turniri Hrvatskog šahovskog saveza od 1992. vode se računalno od 1992. godine. Miljenko Medić je prvi započeo s instaliranjem Baza partija, te Fritza i Chess Asistenta. U to je vrijeme i Milan Franić iz Siska, međunarodni majstor, omladinski prvak Jugoslavije oko 1982. bio s Hrvatskom na olimpijadi kao računalna potpora.

Medić je bio član  ŠK "Stjepan Bosak" – URIHO čiji je bio osnivač i prvi predsjednik te dugogodišnji član ŠK Krapina, od 1997. godine, čijem je uzlazu mnogo pomogao. Njemu u čast Šahovski klub Krapina od 2014. godine svake godine organizira pojedinačni brzopotezni šahovski turnir "Memorijal Miljenka Medića".
Elo-rejting po FIDE bio mu je 2204, a najviši koji je imao bio je 2314 srpnja 2002. godine.
U šahu je bio aktivan od 1983. do 2009. godine.

Reprezentacija
Hrvatski šahovski reprezentativac na natjecanjima šahista s invalidnošću. Igrao na europskim i svjetskim prvenstvima te na IPCA olimpijadama još od 1989. godine. Brojni su njegovi šahovski uspjesi i trofeji. Bio je državni prvak, europski prvak, pobjednik na IPCA olimpijade i prvak europskog i svjetskog kupa. Godine 2005. Hrvatski paraolimpijski odbor proglasio ga je športašem godine.

Trofeji

Domaći
Sudionik pojedinačnih i ekipnih prvenstava Hrvatske za osobe s invaliditetom.
 2006. Na državnom prvenstvu u šahu za osobe s invaliditetom ekipa Zagrebačkog športskog saveza invalida u sastavu Miljenko Medić, Radoslav Ćosić i Domagoj Glažar, 1. u ekipnoj kokurenciji, a Miljenko Medić i Radoslav Ćosić osvajaju 1., odnosno 3. mjesto u pojedinačnoj konkurenciji.
2009. Na Državnom prvenstvu u šahu za osobe s invaliditetom, ekipa ŠK Stjepan Bosak-URIHO u sastavu Miljenko Medić, Domagoj Glažar, Muris Isić i Neven Tomečak, osvojila je treće mjesto u ekipnoj konkurenciji, a Miljenko Medić i Domagoj Glažar osvojilisu 1. odnosno 2. mjesto u pojedinačnoj konkurenciji.

Međunarodni
Izabrani međunarodni uspjesi:
1994. – 1. mjesto na Europskom prvenstvu
1995. – 1. mjesto na I. šahovskoj olimpijadi IPCA (Hrabyne)
1999. – 6. mjesto na šahovskoj olimpijadi IPCA (Hrabyne)
2001. – 1. mjesto na Euro-kupu u Češkoj (Hrabyne) pojedinačno i ekipno (momčad su činili: Miljenko Medić i Ilija Matijašević)
2001. – 2. mjesto na Europskom prvenstvu u Wisli (Poljska)
2001. – 1. mjesto na državnom prvenstvu u Poreču sa 100% osvojenih bodova (9 iz 9)
2002. – nastupio na 35. šahovskoj olimpijadi zdravih u Bledu na drugoj ploči za Međunarodnu šahovsku udrugu tjelesnih invalida
2003. – 1. mjesto na svjetskom kupu u Češkoj (Hrabyne)
2004. – najuspješniji sportaš s invaliditetom Republike Hrvatske za 2003. godinu. Ovo najviše priznanje za sportaša dodijelio mu je Hrvatski sportski savez invalida na svečanosti održanoj 12. veljače u zagrebačkoj dvorani Globus.
2005. Miljenko Medić osvaja 6. mjesto, a hrvatska reprezentacija (u sastavu Mirjana Medić, Radmila Švaljek i Ilija Matijašević) osvaja 3. mjesto na Šahovskoj olimpijadi u organizaciji IPCA-e, održanoj u Hrabynama (Češka), čime je ostvario nastup u reprezentaciji IPCA-e na 37. šahovskoj olimpijadi FIDE koja se održala 2006. godine u Torinu.

Citat

Vidi
IPCA (International Disabled Chess Association – Međunarodna šahovska udruga tjelesnih invalida)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Partije Miljenka Medića na Chessgames.com
Miljenko Medić na Chess Tempo

Hrvatski šahisti

Miljenko Medić


O Exército Voluntário do Povo ( PVA ) foi a força armada expedicionária implantada pela República Popular da China durante a Guerra da Coréia .  Embora todas as unidades do PVA tenham sido realmente transferidas do Exército Popular de Libertação sob as ordens do presidente Mao Zedong, o PVA foi constituído separadamente para evitar uma guerra oficial com os Estados Unidos . O PVA entrou na Coreia em 19 de outubro de 1950 e se retirou completamente em outubro de 1958. O comandante nominal e comissário político do PVA era Peng Dehuai antes do acordo de cessar-fogo em 1953, embora Chen Geng e Deng Hua tenham servido como comandante interino e comissário após abril de 1952 devido à doença de Peng. As unidades iniciais (25 de outubro a 5 de novembro de 1950) no PVA incluíam o 38º, 39º, 40º, 42º, 50º, 66º Corpo; totalizando 250.000 homens. Cerca de 3 milhões de civis e militares chineses serviram na Coréia durante a guerra.

Contexto
Embora as forças do Comando das Nações Unidas (ONU) estivessem sob o comando dos Estados Unidos, este exército era oficialmente uma força "policial" da ONU. A fim de evitar uma guerra aberta com os EUA e outros membros da ONU, a República Popular da China implantou o Exército Popular de Libertação (PLA) sob o nome de "exército voluntário". i

Sobre o nome, houve várias opiniões. De acordo com alguns estudiosos em meados da década de 1990, depois que a RPC tomou a decisão estratégica de enviar soldados para a Coréia, o primeiro nome desse exército foi "exército de apoio".  No entanto, Huang Yanpei, o vice-primeiro-ministro do Conselho de Administração Governamental do Governo Popular Central na época, sugeriu que o nome "exército de apoio" poderia levar a comunidade internacional a supor que a China estava enviando soldados como um ato de agressão direta contra os Estados Unidos.  Portanto, o nome do exército foi modificado para "exército voluntário", enquanto diferentes designações de unidades e fundamentos foram usados, para dar a impressão de que a China não pretendia declarar guerra contra os EUA, mas sim que os soldados chineses estavam apenas presentes nos campos de batalha coreanos como voluntários individuais. Por outro lado, alguns estudos recentes mostram que a mudança não se deveu apenas ao conselho de Huang. Porque muito antes, em 7 de julho de 1950, o nome já havia sido alterado para "exército voluntário" pelo primeiro-ministro chinês Zhou Enlai em seu manuscrito sobre a decisão das roupas e bandeiras do exército.

Apesar dos argumentos sobre a mudança de "Exército de Apoio do Povo" para "Exército de Voluntários do Povo", o nome também foi uma homenagem ao Exército Voluntário Coreano que ajudou os comunistas chineses durante a Segunda Guerra Sino-Japonesa e a Guerra Civil Chinesa . Também conseguiu enganar a inteligência dos EUA e a ONU sobre o tamanho e a natureza das forças chinesas que entraram na Coréia. Mais tarde, eles perceberam que o PVA era a Força da Fronteira Nordeste do PLA (NEFF), com outras formações do PLA transferidas sob o comando do NEFF enquanto a Guerra da Coréia se arrastava. Mas o resultado foi que eles ainda admitiram o nome "Exército Voluntário do Povo", a fim de minimizar a guerra na Península Coreana e evitar a escalada da guerra.

Referências
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Unidades e formações de expatriados
!CS1 chinês-fontes em língua (zh)
!CS1 usa script na língua chinês (zh)
!Artigos com texto em chinês
!Artigos com texto em chinês simplificado

Exército Voluntário do Povo