Thomas Weth (* 7. Mai 1958) ist ein deutscher Hochschulprofessor für Mathematik. Er hat seit 1998 an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg den Lehrstuhl für Didaktik der Mathematik inne.

Biografie
Nach dem Studium der Mathematik und Physik in Würzburg legte er im Jahr 1984 das 1. Staatsexamen ab. Das 2. Staatsexamen absolvierte er 1986 in Erlangen. Von 1989 bis 1998 war er an der Universität Würzburg wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Lehrstuhl für Didaktik der Mathematik.  1993 wurde er mit der Arbeit "Zum Verständnis des Kurvenbegriffs im Mathematikunterricht" in Didaktik der Mathematik promoviert. Mit der Schrift "Begriffsbildung als kreatives Tun im Mathematikunterricht" erfolgte 1997 die Habilitation. 1998 übernahm er an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg den Lehrstuhl für Didaktik der Mathematik.

Aktuelle Arbeitsschwerpunkte

Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgebiete
Die wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsgebiete umfassen unter anderem die Kreativität im Mathematikunterricht, den Kurvenbegriff im Mathematikunterricht, den Computereinsatz im Mathematikunterricht sowie die Konstruktion algebraischer Kurven. Der Erwerb mathematischer Fachsprache und die Auswirkung auf andere Unterrichtsfächer stellen einen weiteren Schwerpunkt dar.

Forschungsthemen
Einige der aktuellen Forschungsthemen sind die Entwicklung von Kreativitätsroutinen für den Mathematikunterricht aller Schulstufen, die Anwendung von Kreativitätsroutinen zur Erzeugung neuartiger Konstruktionen für algebraische Kurven sowie die Anwendung von Kreativitätsroutinen zur Erzeugung neuartiger elementargeometrischer Phänomene und Sätze.

Weitere Aktivitäten
Weth ist Mitglied des Hochschulnetzwerkes für Lehrerausbildung und neue Medien.
Er ist an zahlreichen Forschungskooperationen mit anderen Universitäten beteiligt, so etwa mit Hans-Joachim Vollrath und Hans-Georg Weigand (Universität Würzburg), Martin Stein (Universität Münster), Uwe Tietze (Universität Braunschweig) und Ulrich Kortenkamp (Universität Potsdam). Thomas Weth war Mitorganisator der Arbeitstagungen des Arbeitskreises "Mathematikunterricht und Informatik der GDM" und zeichnet verantwortlich für die Vortragsreihe "Mathematikdidaktische Konzerte".
Weitere Projekte sind die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Taschenrechners in Kooperation mit Casio sowie die Entwicklung einer dezentralen Lehr-Lernumgebung für das Studium Didaktik der Mathematik. Für die VHB (Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern) arbeitet Weth an der Entwicklung eines internetgestützten Lehrgangs zum "Computer im Mathematikunterricht". Als Drittmittelprojekt ist er an einer Kooperation im Zuge des B.I.G. - (Bildungswege in der Informationsgesellschaft) - Projekts mit Bertelsmann beteiligt.

Weblinks
 Seite von Thomas Weth an der Uni Erlangen-Nürnberg
 Thomas Weth bei Madipedia

Einzelnachweise

Fachdidaktiker (Mathematik)
Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Mathematiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1958
Mann

Thomas Weth


A Del Rey Books é uma marca da Ballantine Books, que pertence à Random House e, por sua vez, à Penguin Random House. É um selo separado estabelecido em 1977 sob a direção do autor Lester del Rey e sua esposa Judy-Lynn del Rey. É especializada em livros de ficção científica e fantasia, e anteriormente mangá sob sua (agora extinta) marca Del Rey Manga.

O primeiro novo romance publicado pela Del Rey foi The Sword of Shannara de Terry Brooks em 1977. A Del Rey também publica os romances de Star Wars sob o subselo LucasBooks (licenciado pela Lucasfilm, uma subsidiária da divisão The Walt Disney Studios da The Walt Disney Company).

Autores

Piers Anthony
Isaac Asimov
Stephen Baxter
Amber Benson
Ray Bradbury
Terry Brooks
Pierce Brown
Bonnie Burton
Jack L. Chalker
Arthur C. Clarke
James Clemens
Dan Cragg
Brian Daley
Maurice G. Dantec
Philip K. Dick
Stephen R. Donaldson
David Eddings
Philip José Farmer
Mick Farren
Joe Clifford Faust
Lynn Flewelling
Robert L. Forward
Alan Dean Foster
Gregory Frost
Christopher Golden
James L. Halperin
Barbara Hambly
Peter F. Hamilton
Ward Hawkins
Kevin Hearne
Robert A. Heinlein
Robert E. Howard
Robert Don Hughes
J. Gregory Keyes
Rosemary Kirstein
Katherine Kurtz
H. P. Lovecraft
James Luceno
Anne McCaffrey
Donald E. McQuinn
China Miéville
Elizabeth Moon
Sylvain Neuvel
Robert Newcomb
Larry Niven
John Norman
Naomi Novik
Frederik Pohl
Michael Poore
Christopher Rowley
David Sherman
Scott Sigler
Lucy A. Snyder
Michael J. Sullivan
J. R. R. Tolkien
Harry Turtledove

Ligações externas
 Del Rey na Random House Books

Editoras dos Estados Unidos
Random House
Empresas fundadas em 1977

Del Rey Books


A Casa de Fayez ( árabe : الفايز ou, coloquialmente: Al-Fayez, Alfayez, Al Fayez, Al Faiz, Al Fayiz) é uma nobre família xeique jordaniana que chefia o principal clã jordaniano Bani Sakher . A influência e proeminência da família na região atingiram seu auge sob Fendi Al-Fayez, que liderou a família na década de 1840 e gradualmente se tornou o líder de todo o Bani Sakher. Fendi governaria grandes partes da Jordânia e da Palestina, incluindo os antigos reinos de Moab e Amon, e partes da moderna Arábia Saudita até o final da década de 1860, quando uma série de batalhas com o Império Otomano diminuiu os recursos da família e reivindicou uma parte de sua participações. Depois de Fendi, seu filho Sattam liderou a tribo em um esforço para cultivar as terras e viver um estilo de vida mais sedentário, então sob Mithqal Alfayez como um poder político permanente na Jordânia moderna. A família era a maior proprietária de terras na Jordânia e possuía porções da atual Palestina, e Mithqal era o maior proprietário individual de terras privadas no reino em 1922. A família Al-Fayez é ativa na política jordaniana e árabe e atualmente é chefiada pelo ex-primeiro-ministro Faisal Al-Fayez .

História
A família Al-Fayez veio da tribo Bani Sakher que se originou da tribo árabe Banu Tayy, que se originou dos qahtanitas no Iêmen, e os Bani Sakher foram mencionados pela primeira vez em um texto no século XV dC. A origem do nome é do progenitor da casa, Fayez bin Fadel Al-Tayy. Fayez é derivado da palavra árabe Fa'iz, que significa "vitorioso" em árabe. A tribo Bani Sakher migrou para o norte na Jordânia moderna, enquanto a tribo Banu Tayy permaneceu no que hoje é a Arábia Saudita. Mais tarde, houve vários líderes de sucesso na família Fayez e, além disso, sua linhagem foi reconhecida por causa disso.

O emir Fendi teve oito filhos, que se dividiram após sua morte em 1879. Metade dos filhos se aliou à tribo oposta a Bani Sakher (a tribo Adwan) e a outra metade se aliou à tribo oposta à tribo Anazah ( Sheikh Satm). Em 1881, Sheikh Satm foi morto em uma escaramuça com o Adwan e, como resultado, a tribo foi reunificada por Sattam bin Fendi. No entanto, esses dois anos provariam ser uma grande perda para a família Fayez, pois eles nunca se recuperaram do pico que experimentaram com a Fendi.

século 18
Em 1742, Sheikh Qa'dan Al-Fayez, o progenitor do ramo Qa'dan da família Al-Fayez e neto de Fayez Al-Tay, foi convidado para apoiar o estado otomano no Sieging Tiberíades. Embora o cerco tenha sido um fracasso, o Beni Sakher ainda foi agradecido por um convite de As'ad Pasha al-Azm para escoltar as Caravanas Hajj. Em 1757, o estado otomano não pagou aos Beni Sakher por seus serviços, o que, juntamente com a seca de 1756, levou ao infame ataque em 1757 liderado por Qa'dan. As baixas do ataque chegaram a dezenas de milhares, incluindo Musa Pasha e a irmã do sultão.

século 19
Em 1820, Fendi Al-Fayez liderou uma batalha pela primeira vez registrada e, em meados do século, ele era o xeque supremo e reverenciado em toda a Arábia.

Um dos conflitos mais famosos que tiveram foi contra a família Majalli em 1863 e foi documentado pelo explorador italiano Carlo Claudio Camillo Guarmani em seu livro Northern Nejd. Os aldeões de Al Tafilah, que estavam sujeitos a Mohammad Al-Majalli, pagando tributos anuais a ele, ficaram descontentes com a recente negligência dos Majalis em proteger os aldeões. Os aldeões de Tafilah foram reunidos por Abdullah Al-Huara, o chefe dos Tafilah, e concordaram em renunciar à vassalagem e substituir o tributo por um presente anual como homenagem. O chefe Al-Majalli estava descontente com isso e estava pronto para forçar os Tafilah a se tornarem seus vassalos novamente, mas foi parado pelo Bani Sakher liderado por Fendi, onde Fendi enviou Shleesh Al-Bakhit Al-Fayez para garantir o contrato entre eles onde ambas as partes concordaram em evitar derramamento de sangue.

No entanto, em janeiro de 1864, Al-Majalli decidiu novamente atacar e anunciar-se o mestre do Tafilah, e foi recebido com uma declaração de guerra imediata do próprio Fendi. Shleesh Al-Bakhit teve sucesso em liderar um ataque contra Qoblan Al-Mkheisen, que foi nomeado por Al-Majalli para supervisionar o Tafilah. Fendi logo depois enviou 200 que enfrentaram uma força de 2.000 fuzileiros em dromedários. No entanto, durante a longa paralisação, o povo de Al-Kerak estava praticamente sitiado e rapidamente ficando sem comida e ficando cada vez mais descontente, sentindo isso, Al-Majalli foi secretamente a Fendi durante a noite para declarar pessoalmente sua rendição a ele e concordou em pagar reparações a todos os prejudicados no conflito, incluindo a reintegração do filho de Al-Huara como chefe de Al-Tafilah.

Em 1868, um missionário anglicano, FA Klein, foi acompanhado por Sattam bin Fendi por ordem de Fendi para mostrar a ele a Mesha Stele, que até então era desconhecida no mundo ocidental. A pedra foi datada de 840 AC e descreveu uma guerra entre o antigo Reino de Moab e o antigo Reino de Israel. Hoje a pedra pode ser encontrada no Museu do Louvre, em Paris.

século 20
Após a morte de Sattam em 1891, outra crise de sucessão se desenrolou com o filho de Sattam, Fayez bin Sattam, competindo para suceder seu pai, em oposição a seu tio Talal bin Fendi. Talal acabou sendo reconhecido como Sheikh dos Sheikhs de Beni Sakher. Os otomanos convidaram Fayez e Talal a Istambul para arbitrar uma reconciliação que foi bem-sucedida. Durante sua visita, Talal recebeu o título de Pasha com um salário mensal e mais tarde se tornaria Beyerbey. Durante seu reinado de 18 anos, Talal desfrutou de relações amistosas com os otomanos em seus últimos anos, com tensões sobre a construção da Ferrovia Hijaz, que não apenas cruzou muitas das terras privadas da família, mas também destruiu sua renda como protetores das caravanas e fornecedores do Hajj. de camelos e suprimentos. Talal negociou com o Império Otomano para continuar pagando pelas caravanas do Hajj e também pagou à tribo pela proteção da Ferrovia Hijaz. No entanto, em 1908, Talal parou de receber pagamentos dos otomanos e sua viagem a Damasco para reclamar coincidiu com o início da Revolução dos Jovens Turcos.

Talal seria sucedido por Fawaz bin Sattam em 1909, irmão mais velho de Mithqal. Fawaz, que foi reconhecido pelos otomanos como Sheikh dos Shiekhs e atuaria como representante oficial do império, enfrentaria um rebelde Mithqal que desafiou a autoridade otomana sobre terras férteis cultivadas. A essa altura, a nova administração otomana estava promulgando novas leis de recrutamento que incluíam até membros de tribos. Mithqal desistiu de sua reivindicação sobre a terra após negociações pacíficas entre as duas partes e um acordo de 200 ovelhas para Mithqal. Em 1913, Mithqal atuaria como braço direito de Fawaz e comandante militar e desfrutaria de uma parte da liderança do Beni Sakher.

Após a morte de Fawaz em 1917, seu filho Mashour, que teve uma educação damascena, sucederia a seu pai. Mashour foi reconhecido pelos otomanos como Sheikh dos Shiekhs, e Mithqal, que era mais velho, foi compensado pelos otomanos com o título de Pasha para se tornar o último Pasha real na Jordânia com um título sancionado pelo sultão. Em 1920, Mashour foi reconhecido como governador de Jiza e serviria no cargo até sua morte em uma batalha inter tribal em 1921. Mithqal, que deu as boas-vindas ao então Abdullah bin Hussein em Jiza, foi reconhecido como Sheikh dos Sheikhs de Beni Sakher no novo Emirado da Transjordânia sem oposição.

Em 1923, durante a rebelião de Adwan, Mithqal Al-Fayez liderou o Beni Sakher contra o Adwan e em total apoio ao Emir Abdullah, com o resultado sendo a derrota das forças de Adwan com alguns feitos prisioneiros e exilados.

Século 21 - presente
Em 2004, HE Faisal Al-Fayez tornou-se primeiro-ministro da Jordânia.

Em 2018, um membro da família Al-Fayez, Zaid Mohammad Sami Al-Fayez, foi atacado em público por Emad Shawabkeh e outros 7 agressores. O conflito foi resolvido por líderes tribais de ambos os lados e os agressores estão sob custódia policial.

Em 2020, HE Amer Trad Al-Fayez tornou-se presidente e presidente da Al Abdali .

chefes da casa
Os Al-Fayez são um clã de beduínos que geralmente escolhem um chefe de família (Sheikh) de acordo com o costume beduíno. No entanto, houve exceções a essa tradição ao longo da longa história do clã. O chefe dos Al-Fayez também seria o chefe ou co-chefe (com o chefe da Casa de Khraisha) do clã Bani Sakher, já que os Al-Fayez são a casa principal do clã.

Figuras notáveis
século 17:

 Fayez Bin Fadel (Progenitor)
 Mouh Bin Fayez

século 18:

 Muhammad Bin Mouh Al-Fayez
 Thiab Bin Mohammad Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Thiab)
 Bakhit Bin Thiab Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Bakhit)
 Qa'dan Bin Mouh Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Qa'dan)
 I'dbeys Bin Mouh Al-Fayez
 Nimer Bin I'dbeys Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Nimer)
 Mahmoud Bin I'dbeys Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Mahmoud)
 Awad Thiab Al-Fayez
 Abbas Awad Al-Fayez
 Hamed Qa'dan Al-Fayez
 Kin'eaan Qa'dan Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Kin'eaan)

século 19:

 HG Fendi Al-Fayez
 HG Sattam Al-Fayez (Emir e Chefe Tribal)
 HG Nawaf Fendi Al-Fayez (Emir)
 Suleiman Awad Al-Fayez (Progenitor do Ramo Abu-Jneib)
 Satm Fendi Al-Fayez (chefe tribal)
 Sahan Fendi Al-Fayez (Juiz)
 Eid Suleiman Al-Fayez
 Shleish Al Bakhit Al-Fayez

século 20:

 HG Mithqal Al Fayez (chefe tribal, político, comandante em combate)
 HG Talal Fendi Al-Fayez (Beylerbey e Chefe Tribal)
 HG Fawaz Sattam Al-Fayez (Emir e Chefe Tribal)
 HE Akef Al-Fayez (chefe tribal e político)
 Zaid Mithqal Al-Fayez (alto funcionário do Primeiro Ministério)
 Mashour Fawaz Al-Fayez (chefe tribal)

Século 20 - presente:

 HE Faisal Al-Fayez (Primeiro Ministro, Presidente do Senado, Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados )
 HE Amer Al-Fayez (presidente da Al-Abdali, chefe do protocolo real, nível ministerial)
 HE Trad Al-Fayez (Ministro da Agricultura, Embaixador, Senador)
 SE Eid Al-Fayez (Ministro do Interior, Estado e Trabalho)
 HE Nayef Al-Fayez (Ministro do Turismo, Comissário Chefe da ASEZA, Presidente da Aqaba Development Corporation)
 HE Nayef Hayel Al-Fayez (Ministro da Saúde, MP)
 SE Daifallah Ali Al-Fayez (Embaixador da Jordânia na Holanda e Estônia)
 Sami Al-Fayez (chefe tribal e senador)
 Tayil Al-Fayez (presidente do Clube Olímpico da Jordânia)
 Mohammad Enad Al-Fayez (MP)
 Alanoud Al-Fayez (ex-esposa do rei ِAbdulaziz )
 Hakem Al-Fayez (político)
 Thamer Al-Fayez (MP)
 Hind Al-Fayez (MP)
 Habis Sami Al-Fayez (MP)
 Bassam Al-Fayez (MP)

Referências

Tribos
Famílias
Dinastias

Al-Fayez


Helena Magnusdotter Gyllenhielm (født 1572, død 1630) var frilledatter til den svenske prins hertug Magnus Vasa af Östergötland og Anna von Haubitz. Helena giftede sig med Wollmar Yxkull og blev stammoder for slægten Yxkull.

Noter

Personer fra Sverige

Helena Gyllenhielm


حجر الغليون أو الكتلنيت  هو حجر طيني، ذو لون أحمر مطفأ. يستعمله الهنود الحمر في صنع الغلايين. يوجد في كندا و داكوتا و مينيسوتا. ويسمى كذلك كاتلينيت نسبة إلى جورج كاتلين الذي عاش سنين طويلة بين هؤلاء الهنود.

مراجع

ديانات الأمريكيين الأصليين
فنون الأمريكيين الأصليين
مقاطعة بايبستون (مينيسوتا)
نحت الحجر الصلب

حجر الغليون


ඉංග්‍රීසි නීතිය යනු එංගලන්තයේ හා වේල්සයේ භාවිතා වන නීති පද්දතිය වන අතර එය පොදු නීතියේ මූලය ලෙස සැලකිය හැකිය. පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයේ රටවල් බොහෝමයක් සහ එක්සත් ජනපද නීතිය සෑදී ඇත්තේ ඉංග්‍රීසි නීතිය ඔස්සේ ඇතිවූ පොදු නීතියෙනි. බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධ්රාජ්‍යය බිහිවීමත් සමග ඉංග්‍රීසි නීතිය ලොව බොහෝ රටවල  නීති ප්ද්දතීන් වලට එක් විය.

ඉංග්‍රීසි නීතිය


Onthophagus marginipennis é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 2018 por Josso.

Referências

Ligações externas

marginipennis
Coleópteros descritos em 2018

Onthophagus marginipennis


Harry Jacob Anslinger (May 20, 1892 – November 14, 1975) was an American government official who served as the first commissioner of the U.S. Treasury Department's Federal Bureau of Narcotics during the presidencies of Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and John F. Kennedy. He was a supporter of Prohibition, and of the criminalization of all drugs, and spearheaded anti-drug policy campaigns.

Anslinger has been characterized as an early proponent of the war on drugs, as he zealously advocated for and pursued harsh drug penalties, in particular regarding marijuana. As a propagandist for the war on drugs, he focused on demonizing racial and immigrant groups. He targeted jazz musicians, including singer Billie Holiday.

Anslinger held office as commissioner for an unprecedented 32 years, until 1962. He then held office for two years as U.S. Representative to the United Nations Narcotics Commission. The responsibilities once held by Anslinger are now largely under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy and the agency he ran was a predecessor of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Early life
Anslinger was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, in 1892. His father, of Swiss German origin, was Robert J. Anslinger, a barber by trade, who was born in Bern, Switzerland. His mother, Rosa Christiana Fladt, was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden (today a part of Germany). The family emigrated to the United States in 1881. Robert Anslinger worked in New York for two years, then moved to Altoona, a town founded by the Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1892, the year Harry was born, Robert Anslinger went to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad, seeking more stable employment.

Harry Anslinger followed his father in going to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad. After completing the eighth grade, he began to work with his father at the railroad, while starting with his freshman year. Aged 14, he continued to attend morning sessions in the local high school, working afternoons and evenings for the railroad. Failing to receive a high school diploma, in 1909, Harry enrolled at Altoona Business College at the age of 17, and for the next two years received additional tutoring. In 1912, he was granted a furlough permitting him to enroll at Pennsylvania State College, where he studied in a two-year associate degree program in business and engineering, while working during weekends and vacation periods.

Rise to prominence
Anslinger gained notoriety early in his career. At the age of 23 (in 1915), while working as an investigator for the Pennsylvania Railroad, he performed a detailed investigation that found the $50,000 claim of a widower in a railroad accident to be fraudulent. He saved the company the payout and was promoted to captain of railroad police.

From 1917 to 1928, Anslinger worked for various military and police organizations on stopping international drug trafficking. His duties took him all over the world, from Germany to Venezuela to Japan. He is widely credited with shaping not only America's domestic and international drug policies but influencing drug policies of other nations, particularly those that had not debated the issues internally.

By 1929, Anslinger returned from his international tour to work as an assistant commissioner in the United States' Treasury Department's Bureau of Prohibition. At that time, corruption and scandal gripped prohibition and narcotics agencies. The ensuing shake-ups and re-organizations set the stage for Anslinger, perceived as an honest and incorruptible figure, to advance not only in rank but in political stature.

In 1930, at age 38, Anslinger was appointed the founding commissioner of the Treasury's Federal Bureau of Narcotics. The illegal trade in alcohol (then still under Prohibition) and illicit drugs was targeted by the Treasury, not primarily as social evils that fell under other government purview, but as losses of untaxed revenue. Appointed by department Secretary Andrew W. Mellon, who was his wife's uncle, Anslinger was given a budget of $100,000 and wide scope.

Campaign against marijuana (cannabis) 1930–1937

Beginnings
Restrictions on cannabis (cannabis sativa, often called "Indian Hemp" in documents before the 1940s) as a drug started in local laws in New York in 1860. That was followed by local laws in many other states, and by state laws in the 1910s and 1920s. The federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 regulated the labeling of patent medicines that contained "cannabis indica". In 1925, in the International Opium Convention, the United States supported regulation of "Indian hemp" in its use as a drug. Recommendations from the International Opium Convention inspired the work with the Uniform State Narcotic Act between 1925 and 1932.

Anslinger had not been active in that process until approximately 1930. Anslinger collected stories of marijuana causing crime and violence, and ignored evidence that allowed for other interpretations. Doctor Walter Bromberg pointed out that substance abuse and crime are heavily confounded and that none of a group of 2,216 criminal convictions he had examined was clearly connected to marijuana's influence. He also ignored a discussion forwarded to him by the American Medical Association, in which 29 of 30 pharmacists and drug industry representatives objected to his proposals to ban marijuana. One such statement claimed that the proposal was "Absolute rot. It is not necessary. I have never known of its misuse.". However, only the single dissenter (who noted he had once encountered a doctor who had been addicted to marijuana) was preserved in Bureau files.

As head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Anslinger sought, and ultimately received, an increase of reports about smoking of marijuana in 1936 that continued to spread at an accelerated pace in 1937. Before that, the smoking of marijuana had been relatively slight and confined to the Southwest, particularly along the Mexican border.

Enforcement
The Bureau first prepared a legislative plan to seek a new law from Congress that would place marijuana and its distribution directly under federal control. Second, Anslinger ran a campaign against marijuana on radio and at major forums.  His view was clear, ideological and judgmental:

By using the mass media as his forum, and receiving much support from yellow journalism publisher William Randolph Hearst, Anslinger propelled the anti-marijuana sentiment from state level to a national movement. He used what he called his "Gore Files" - a collection of quotes from police reports - to graphically depict offenses caused by drug users. They were written in the terse and concise language of a police report. His most infamous story in The American Magazine concerned Victor Licata, who killed his family:

This story was referenced in the 1937 anti-weed film Reefer Madness. It is one of 200 violent crimes which were documented in Anslinger's "Gore Files" series. It has since been discovered that Licata murdered his family due to severe mental illness, which had been diagnosed early in his youth, and not because of cannabis use. Researchers have now proved that Anslinger wrongly attributed 198 of the "Gore Files" stories to marijuana usage, and the remaining "two cases could not be disproved because no records existed concerning the crimes." During the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act hearings, Anslinger rehashed the 1933 Licata killings while giving testimony to Congress.

Contemporary racial prejudice
In the 1930s, Anslinger's anti-marijuana articles often contained racist themes, to the point that contemporary conservative politicians at one point called for Anslinger to resign based solely on his open racist remarks:

Though these stories were often true (whatever the role of cannabis in them), Anslinger's basic attitude was shown in remarks not related to any particular story, such as:

According to Johann Hari, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics under Anslinger targeted Billie Holiday in response to her 1939 song "Strange Fruit," which criticized racist lynchings. Hari wrote that Anslinger assigned an agent to track her after she refused to stop speaking out about racism. According to Hari, Anslinger used the war on drugs as a pretext for the Federal Bureau of Narcotics who had little to do following the end of prohibition. Hari states that Anslinger hated addicts, Latinos, and African Americans and that Anslinger was "so racist that he was regarded as a crazy racist in the 1920s."  However, these allegations have been disputed, with historian Lewis Porter noting that "there was no federal objection to the song "Strange Fruit," nor was there any campaign to suppress it" and Holiday was instead pursued by Bureau of Narcotics mainly for her history of drug use. Porter writes that Johann Hari's 2015 book, Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs, is where the allegation that Holiday was targeted for singing "Strange Fruit" originated and that this claim didn't appear anywhere else before that.

In his 1964 book, The Protectors, Anslinger included a chapter called "Jazz and Junk Don't Mix", about black jazz musicians Billie Holiday, who had been handcuffed on her death bed due to suspicion of drug use and possession, and Charlie Parker, who both died after years of illegal heroin and alcohol abuse:

Anslinger hoped to orchestrate a nationwide dragnet of jazz musicians and kept a file called "Marijuana and Musicians."

Campaign assessment
Some critics of Anslinger claim his campaign against marijuana had a hidden agenda rooted in commercial interests not societal welfare. One example of this is that the E. I. DuPont De Nemours and Company industrial firm, petrochemical interests and William Randolph Hearst conspired together to create the highly sensational anti-marijuana campaign so as to eliminate hemp as an industrial competitor to synthetic materials. However, the DuPont Company and industrial historians have dismissed any link between development of nylon and changes in the laws relating to hemp (marijuana); pointing out nylon was a huge success from the start. It was not until 1934, and his fourth year in office, that Anslinger considered marijuana to be a serious threat to American society (Wallace Carothers first synthesized nylon on February 28, 1935). This was part of a worldwide trend, unrelated to racial or industrial issues in America; The League of Nations had already implemented restrictions on marijuana in the beginning of the 1930s, and many states in the U.S. had started restricting it in the years before Anslinger was appointed. In 1935, both President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his attorney general publicly supported the campaign. Anslinger's efforts were part of the government's broader push to alarm the public about the danger of recreational drugs and to outlaw them. He did this with reference to his own agenda.

The La Guardia Committee, promoted in 1939 by New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, was the first in-depth study into the effects of smoking marijuana. It systematically contradicted claims made by the U.S. Treasury Department that smoking marijuana resulted in insanity, and determined that "the practice of smoking marihuana does not lead to addiction in the medical sense of the word." Released in 1944, the report infuriated Anslinger, who condemned it as unscientific.

Later years
Later in his career, Anslinger was scrutinized for insubordination for refusing to desist from an attempt to halt the ABA/AMA Joint Report on Narcotic Addiction, a publication edited by the sociology Professor Alfred R. Lindesmith of Indiana University. Among other works, Lindesmith wrote Opiate Addiction (1947), The Addict and the Law (1965), and a number of articles condemning the criminalization of addiction. Nearly everything Lindesmith did was critical of the War on Drugs, and he specifically condemned Anslinger's role. The AMA/ABA controversy is sometimes credited with ending Anslinger's position of Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics.

In his later years Anslinger also suffered a mental breakdown characterized by intense paranoia and irrational thoughts, such as believing that addiction was 'contagious' and addicts had to be 'quarantined' or talking about 'secret plots' throughout the world; he was eventually hospitalized because of this breakdown.

Anslinger was surprised to be re-appointed by President John F. Kennedy in February 1961. The new president had a tendency to invigorate the government with more youthful civil servants and, by 1962, Anslinger was 70 years old, the mandatory age for retirement in his position. In addition, during the previous year, he had witnessed his wife Martha's slow and agonizing death due to heart failure, and had lost some of his drive and ambition. On his 70th birthday, May 20, 1962, Anslinger submitted his resignation to Kennedy. Because Kennedy did not have a successor in place, however, Anslinger stayed on in his $18,500 a year ($145,733 when adjusted for inflation in 2014 dollars) position until later that year. He was succeeded by Henry Giordano in August. Following that, he was the United States' Representative to the United Nations Narcotics Commission for two years, after which he retired.

By 1973, Anslinger was completely blind, had a debilitatingly enlarged prostate gland, and suffered from angina. Ironically, when he died, Anslinger was being treated with regular doses of morphine, which had been prescribed for his angina.

Additionally, Anslinger provided morphine to Senator Joseph McCarthy, who was addicted to both alcohol and morphine. When Anslinger tried to persuade McCarthy to quit morphine, McCarthy reminded him of the potential for a public scandal. Anslinger relented and steadily supplied McCarthy with morphine that was paid for by the Bureau and obtained from a local drugstore. This arrangement continued until McCarthy's death in 1957.

On November 14, 1975, at 1 p.m., Anslinger died of heart failure at the former Mercy Hospital (now known as Bon Secours Hospital Campus of the Altoona Regional Health System) in Altoona, Pennsylvania. He was 83, and was buried at the Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania.

He was survived by his son, Joseph Leet Anslinger, and a sister. According to John McWilliams's 1990 book, The Protectors: Harry J. Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (1930–1962), Anslinger's daughter-in-law Bea at that time still lived in Anslinger's home in Hollidaysburg.

In the media
Anslinger appears as himself in the 1948 adventure movie about breaking an international drug ring, To the Ends of the Earth.
 In 1973, Anslinger was portrayed by actor Edmond O'Brien in the film Lucky Luciano by Francesco Rosi, with Gian Maria Volonté.
 Anslinger's role in the drug war is documented in the 2015 book Chasing the Scream by Johann Hari.
 Anslinger's targeting of Billie Holiday and his role in the earliest days of the drug war are discussed in NPR's podcast Throughline, in the episode "Strange Fruit"
 Garrett Hedlund portrays Anslinger in the 2021 docudrama The United States vs. Billie Holiday on Hulu.
 Rainn Wilson portrays Anslinger in the 2021 podcast Toxicomanía: el experimento mexicano.

Publications
The Traffic in Narcotics, with William Finley Tompkins. Funk & Wagnalls, 1953.

See also

 LaGuardia Commission
 Havana Conference
 Legal history of marijuana in the United States
 Legal issues of cannabis
 L. G. Nutt
 Prohibition of drugs
War on Drugs
The United States vs. Billie Holiday

References

Further reading
 Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs (), by Johann Hari, 2015
 Larry Sloman, Reefer Madness: A History of Marijuana in America (Indianapolis: Bobbs–Merrill, 1979)
The Traffic in Narcotics: An interview with the Hon. Harry J. Anslinger United States Commissioner of Narcotics, Jan. 1, 1954

HARRY J. ANSLINGER, WILL OURSLER:THE STORY OF THE NARCOTIC GANGS, 1961
 Who Was Who in America with World Notables (), Vol VI 1974–1976, by Marquis Who's Who, 1976

 The Protectors: Harry J. Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (1930–1962) (), by John C. McWilliams, University of Delaware Press, 1990
 The War on Drugs II (), J. A. Inciardi, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1992
 Cannabis: A History (), Martin Booth, Picador USA, 2005

External links

Harry J. Anslinger, Commissioner of the US Bureau of Narcotics, "Marijuana: assassin of Youth", The American Magazine, July 1937
Statement by Harry J. Anslinger, Commissioner of the US Bureau of Narcotics, to the Senate Ways and Means Committee, 1937
Guide to the H.J. Anslinger Papers, 1835–1970, Pennsylvania State University

1892 births
1975 deaths
Heads of United States federal agencies
People from Altoona, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania State University alumni
History of racism in the United States
American people of German descent
American people of Swiss descent
Cannabis law in the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
Truman administration personnel
Eisenhower administration personnel
Kennedy administration personnel
History of drug control
Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
20th-century United States government officials
Cannabis prohibition
American white supremacists
Drug policy of the United States
Prohibition in the United States

Harry J. Anslinger


A fase de grupos da Copa Sul-Americana de 2022 foi disputada entre 5 de abril e 26 de maio. O sorteio dos grupos ocorreu em Luque, no Paraguai, em 25 de março de 2022.

Somente o campeão de cada grupo ao final de seis jogos disputados dentro dos grupos avançaram à fase final, iniciando a partir das oitavas.

Critérios de desempate
De acordo com o regulamento estabelecido para as últimas edições, caso duas ou mais equipes empatassem em números de pontos ao final da fase de grupos, os seguintes critérios seriam aplicados:
 melhor saldo de gols entre as equipes em questão;
 maior número de gols marcados entre as equipes em questão;
 maior número de gols marcados como visitante entre as equipes em questão;
 ranking da CONMEBOL.

Grupos

Todas as partidas estão no horário local.

Grupo A

Grupo B

Grupo C

Grupo D

Grupo E

Grupo F

Grupo G

Grupo H

Ver também
 Primeira fase da Copa Sul-Americana de 2022
 Fase final da Copa Sul-Americana de 2022

Ligações externas

Fase de grupos

Fase de grupos da Copa Sul-Americana de 2022


Ombudsman, şikayetleri ve birtakım teşebbüsleri ele alıp değerlendiren ve bunlara her iki taraf için de tatmin edici çözümler bulan kişidir.

Kelime kökeni açısından İsveççe'de "arabulucu" anlamına gelen 'ombuds' ve "kişi" anlamına gelen 'man' kelimelerinden oluşmuştur ve aracı kişi anlamına gelmektedir.

Ombudsman kelimesi İsveççe'de genellikle delege, avukat, vekil veya bir diğer kişi veya kişiler tarafından o kişi veya kişiler adına hareket etmeye ve onların haklarını korumaya yetkili kılınmış kimseyi ifade etmek için kullanılır.

Kurumsal olarak Ombudsman terimi, Parlamento tarafından halkın şikayetlerini dinleyip, çözümlere ulaştırmak üzere seçilmiş kimse veya kimseleri simgelemektedir.

Ombudsman'ın Türkçe karşılığı için kamu denetçisi, arabulucu, kamu hakemi, medeni hakların savunucusu, parlamento komiseri gibi tanımlamalar teklif edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Ombudsman kamu hizmetlerinin yürütülüşündeki adaletsizlikler hakkında, konudan etkilenenlerden şikayetleri almak, bu konularda araştırmalar yapmak ve sorunları çözmekle görevlendirilmiş, bağımsız bir kamu otoritesidir.

Ancak; Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) e-posta aracılığı ile kullanıcılarına gönderdiği bilgide bu sözcüğü şu ifadelerle açıklamıştır:  ombudsman : İngilizce kökenli bu söz hukukta " Parlamento tarafından görevlendirilen, vatandaşları resmî makamların keyfî ve yasa dışı davranışlarına karşı korumakla görevli kişi veya kurum." anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Bu söz için kamu denetçisi karşılığı önerilmiştir. .

Tarihi gelişimi
1713 yılında İsveç'te kurulan ve 1809 yılında İsveç Anayasasına girerek anayasal bir kurum niteliğine bürünen ombudsman, bir iki ülke hariç, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasına kadar İsveç sınırları dışında pek ilgi çekmemiştir. Ancak 1950'lerden sonra ombudsmanlık dünyada yayılmaya başlamıştır. Aslında Osmanlı Devletinde, devletin bütün kadılarının üstü sayılan, ilmiye sınıfından kazasker ve şeyhülislam rütbesine yükselen, "kadı-ul kuzat"  unvanını alan "Türk Başyargıcı Bürosu" vardı ve bu başyargıcın görevi, İslam Hukukunun, Sultan dahil memurlarca, halkın birbirleriyle ve devletle olan ilişkilerini düzenlerken uygulanmasını güvenceye almaktı. Böylece halkın haklarını memurların adaletsizliğine ve güçlerinin kötüye kullanılmasına karşı korumuş oluyordu. Ombudsmanlık kavramının kökeni aslen Osmanlı Devleti'nden gelmektedir.

Osmanlı Devleti dönemindeki bu uygulamayı ilk keşfeden ve ismi Demirbaş Şarl diye bilinen Kral XII. Charles olmuştur. İsveç Kralı Demirbaş Şarl(XII. Charles) 1709 yılında Ruslara yenilerek Osmanlı Devletine sığınır. Edirne yakınlarındaki Demirtaş Paşa Konağı'nda ikamet etmek zorunda kalan Kadılık müessesesi uygulamasını da görüp beğenmiştir. Devletin iyi yönetilmesi ve adaletsiz uygulamalara göz yumulmaması konusunda titiz olan Kral, Stockholm'de kendisinin gözü kulağı olmak üzere bir ombudsman görevlendirmiştir. İsveç dilinde bu birime "ombudsmanlık" denildiği için Avrupa'ya bu isimle yayılmıştır. Zaten ombudsmanlığın bir Türk Kurumu olduğunu, İsveçliler de diğer ülke temsilcileri de uluslararası toplantılarda söylemektedirler. Mesela Avrupa Birliği Ombudsmanı Yunan Nikiforos, Fransız Ombdusmanı Jean Paul Delevoye ve İsveç Parlamento Ombudsmanı gibi zatlar, ombudsmanlığın Osmanlı'daki bir kuruma dayandığını defalarca belirtmişlerdir.

Gazetecilikte ombudsmanlık
Türkiye'de kamu yönetiminin denetlenmesinde çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar siyasi denetim, idari denetim, yargı denetimi, baskı gurupları, kamuoyu denetimi ve etik denetim olarak gruplandırmak mümkündür. Ancak Türkiye'de 12 eylül 2010 tarihinde yapılan  halk oylaması ve anayasa değişikliğiyle beraber denetim sistemine ombudsmanlık kurumu da eklenmiştir. Ombudsman kanunu 14.06.2012 tarihinde kabul edilmiş kurum kurulmuş, fakat tartışmalar bitmemiştir.

Gazetecilikte ombudsman, halk temsilcisi, halkın sözcüsü ve koruyucusu demektir. Yayın yoluyla haksızlığa uğrayanları temsil eder. Birçoğunun, gazetelerinde köşesi vardır.1967'de ABD'de ilk defa uygulamaya başlamıştır. Ombudsman, tarafsız ve bağımsızdır. ABD ve Avrupa'da yayın organları kendi ombudsmanını seçer.

Türkiye'de okur temsilcisi karşılığında ombudsmanlığı Emre Kongar Hürriyet'te ve Seyfettin Turhan HHA'da başlatmışlardır. Milliyet'te Yavuz Baydar 1999'da okur temsilcisi olmuş, beş yıl bu görevi sürdürmüştür. Milliyet'te başlayan ombudsmanlık daha sonra Sabah, Hürriyet ve Cumhuriyet'te de uygulanmıştır.

Milliyet'te Yavuz Baydar'dan sonra Derya Sazak ve Belma Akçura, Sabah'ta Yavuz Baydar'ın ardından İbrahim Altay, Cumhuriyet'te Güray Öz, Hürriyet'te ise Doğan Satmış, Temuçin Tüzecan ve onlardan sonra Faruk Bildirici ombudsman (Okur Temsilcisi) olarak görev yaptı. Ancak gazete yönetimleri ombudsmanlara editöryal özerklik tanımadıkları ve müdahalelerde bulundukları için sık sık anlaşmazlıklar yaşandı. Nitekim gazeteler 2018'den itibaren ombudsmanların görevine son vermeye başladılar ve günümüzde artık Türkiye'deki hiçbir gazetede ombudsmanlık uygulaması kalmadı. Hürriyet'te 2010-2019 yılları arasında ombudsman olan Faruk Bildirici günümüzde "Medya Ombudsmanı" olarak kendi web sayfasından bu işlevi yürütüyor.

Kamu yönetiminde ombudsmanlık
Bireyle devlet organları arasında çıkan anlaşmazlıklarda arabuluculuk yapan bağımsız bir kurumdur. Bu faktörleri ele aldığımızda ombudsmanlık yargı organlarının anayasa ile düzenlenmesinin 5 yönteminden bir tanesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu yöntemler devlet erkinin elinde bulunan sistematik düşünce bilincinin, krematistik ontolojisini epistemolojisinden ayıran önemli hukuk faktördür. Kamuda ombudsman olmak için siyasal alanda bilincin yüksek faktörlerde oluşması ve devlet erkinin nasıl oluştuğunu bilmek önemlidir.

Kaynakça

Hukuk meslekleri
Devlet görevlileri
Unvanlar
İskandinavya

Ombudsman


François-Auguste-Ferdinand Donnet (Bourg-Argental, 16 de novembro de 1795 - Bordeaux, 23 de dezembro de 1882) foi um cardeal e arcebispo católico francês.

Biografia
Nascido em Bourg-Argental em 16 de novembro de 1795, François-Auguste-Ferdinand Donnet estudou no Colégio de Annonay (1806-1813), depois passou para o Seminário de Sant'Irenée em Lyon e finalmente para a Maison des Hautes Études em a mesma cidade.

Ordenado sacerdote em 7 de março de 1819 na catedral de Lyon, tornou-se professor de belas artes no Colégio de Belley em 1813. Vigário em Guillotière (1819), tornou-se pároco em Irigny, na diocese de Lyon. Ele então trabalhou como missionário em Saint-Etienne, Annonay, Bourg, Villefranche, Pont-de-Vaux, Chrlien, Tournon, Saint-Chamond e em outras aldeias de 1821 a 1827. Cânone honorário do capítulo da catedral de Blois, tornou-se pároco na cidade de Villefranche-sur-Saône em outubro de 1827 e posteriormente foi promovido ao posto de vigário geral da diocese de Tours. De maio a julho de 1829 esteve em Roma para acompanhar o arcebispo de Tours e posteriormente tornou-se vigário geral da arquidiocese de Lyon.

Nomeado bispo titular de Roso e coadjutor do bispo de Lyon, obteve os direitos de sucessão em Nancy a partir de 6 de abril de 1835. Foi consagrado bispo em 31 de maio de 1835 na igreja das Dames du Sacré-Coeur em Paris por Charles Auguste Marie Joseph, Conde de Forbin-Janson, bispo de Nancy, assistido por Romain Gallard, bispo de Meaux, e Louis Blanquart de Bailleul, bispo de Versalhes. Apesar de suas esperanças, seu sonho de suceder ao episcopado de Nancy foi anulado por sua promoção, em 19 de maio de 1837, à sede metropolitana de Bordeaux, que lhe rendeu o título de arcebispo. Em 2 de fevereiro de 1840 foi nomeado comandante da Ordem de São Gregório Magno, obtendo também o título de conde do Papa Gregório XVI, que em 21 de fevereiro do mesmo ano o nomeou entre seus assistentes ao trono papal.

O Papa Pio IX elevou-o ao posto de cardeal no consistório de 15 de março de 1852; recebeu o chapéu de cardeal e o título de Santa Maria in Via em 27 de junho do ano seguinte. Em casa, foi nomeado senador do Império e pôde participar do Concílio Vaticano I de 1869-1870. Ele participou do conclave de 1878 que elegeu o Papa Leão XIII.

Ele morreu em 23 de dezembro de 1882, aos 87 anos. Seu corpo foi exposto para veneração pública e depois enterrado na Catedral Metropolitana de Bordeaux.

Arcebispos católicos da França
Cardeais da França
Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Pio IX

Ferdinand-François-Auguste Donnet


An Limnas veresczaginii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Porphyriy Nikitich Krylov ngan Boris Konstantinovich Schischkin. An Limnas veresczaginii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Limnas, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Limnas

Limnas veresczaginii


උගතුන් විසින් වර්තමාන යුගයේ බුද්ධාගම' බහුලව යොදන වර්ගීකරණයට ' වර්තමාන භක්තිකයන් මෙලෙස තුන් ආකාරකයට බෙදා ඇත සම්ප්‍රදායික හා භූගෝලීය හා සංස්කෘතික වශයෙනි.

  [ථේරවාද]

  [පෙරදිග ආසියානු බුද්ධාගම]

  [ටිබෙට් බුද්ධාගම]

ඇතැම් උගතූන් පවසන පරිදි බුදුදහම විකල්ප පද්ධතීන් දෙකකින් යුක්තය. ඒ ථේරවාද සහ මහායාන ලෙසිනි. මෙම වර්ගීකරණයේ, මහායානයට පෙරදිග ආසියානු බුද්ධාගම සහ ටිබෙට් ජාතිකයන්ගේ බුද්ධාගම ඇතුළත්ය. පොදුවේ ඉංග්‍රිසි භාෂාව යොදා ඇත්තේ මෙම පද්ධතියට නමුත් සමහර උගතුන් වෙනත් නම් පාවිච්චි කරති. බෞද්ධ ආගමිකයන් හටම විවිධත්වයෙන් යුක්ත වෙනත් පද්ධතීන්ද ඇත.

අංකුර ලිපි
බුද්ධාගම

බෞද්ධ නිකාය


Biserica de lemn din Păunești, comuna Godeanu, județul Mehedinți, a fost construită în secolul XIX (1838). Are hramul "Sfântul Mare Mucenic Dimitrie". Biserica se află pe lista monumentelor istorice sub codul LMI: .

Istoric și trăsături
Satul Păunești este un sat vechi, menționat documentar pentru prima dată în anul 1510.
Biserica de lemn are hramul "Sfântul Dimitrie", zi în care a fost și sfințită. A fost ridicată în anul 1838 și reparată radical în anul 1884.

Aceste date rezultă și dintr-o însemnare pe o Evanghelie veche, scrisă de Barbu M.Păunescu, cântăreț practicant: "Această biserică este făcută de moșii noștri Mareș-Balta, Dumitru, Ilie Păunescu, Nicola, Ion, Lazăr, Dumitru-Gheorghicești, Zaharia cu fiii și frații lui, Mihai cu frații lui-Săvești, făcută de înși în anul 1838 și s-a durat până în anul 1884 și atunci s-a pus în lucru de reparare ca de nouă și atunci s-a zugrăvit tot din nou cum se vede și s-a sfințit în anul 1887, oct.26 de Protoereu Ștefan Călărășanu și preotul Ion de la Schitul Topolniței, Ion Pârvulescu com.Bâlvănești, Grigore din com.Godeanu, Gh.C ..., Gh.Durak din Tr.Severin și alții".

Biserica este filie a parohiei Godeanu, are formă de navă, cu turlă din lemn deasupra pridvorului îngust. Temelia este din piatră cu mortar de var, iar pereții din bârne de stejar. A fost acoperită cu șiță până în anul 1943, iar apoi cu tablă galvanizată. Pridvorul îngust, cu lățimea maximă de 50 de cm, se sprijină pe patru stâlpi din lemn, sculptați simplu.

Clopotnița este în fața bisericii, cam de aceeași înălțime cu aceasta. Clopotul vechi a fost luat de germani în timpul primului război mondial, actualul clopot fiind adus de la Viena, după anul 1916, cu ajutorul celor inscripționați pe el: dr.Ispas Păunescu, Ianăși Armulescu, Armulescu Nicolae, Stana Păunescu și alții.

Catapeteasma este zidită până în tavanul semirotund. Icoanele împărătești înfățișează Arhanghelul Mihail în partea stângă, Maica Domnului și Iisus Hristos, de o parte și de alta a ușilor împărătești, și icoana de hram, Sfântul Mare Mucenic Dimitrie, în partea dreaptă.

Note

Bibliografie
Studii regionale
C.Boteanu, V.Oprenescu - Bisericile din Plaiul Cloșani, vol.I, Editura TipoRadical (2007)

Vezi și
 Păunești, Mehedinți

Păunești
Monumente istorice din județul Mehedinți
Biserici din secolul al XIX-lea din România
Biserici cu hramul Sfântul Dumitru

Biserica de lemn din Păunești


Nec pluribus impar (literalmente: "Não desigual a muitos") é um lema latino adotado por Luís XIV da França a partir de 1658. Muitas vezes foi inscrito junto com o símbolo do "Rei Sol": uma cabeça dentro dos raios de sol.

Significado
Embora o lema se refira à alegoria do "Rei Sol",  seu significado preciso é desconhecido.  Philip F. Riley chama de "quase intraduzível".  O historiador Henri Martin o chamou de "muito pomposo e, acima de tudo, obscuro e desconcertante".  Louvois , Secretário de Guerra de Louis , interpretou-o como seul contre tous — "sozinho contra todos";  o lexicógrafo Pierre Larousse sugeriu au-dessus de tous (comme le soleil) - "acima de tudo (como o sol)".

John Martin diz que "[Louis'] esplendor incomparável foi expresso pelo lema Nec Pluribus Impar - não desigual a muitos sóis.".  Yves-Marie Bercé dá a Suffisant (seul) um tant de chooses ("Suficiente (sozinho) para tantas coisas") ou Tout lui est possible ("Tudo é possível para ele"), ou seja , " não desigual para muitos ". [tarefas]".  O próprio Luís escreveu: Aqueles que me viram administrando os cuidados da realeza com tanta facilidade e com tanta confiança me induziram a acrescentar [à imagem do sol] a esfera da terra, e como seu lema NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR, com o qual pretendiam bajular as ambições de um jovem rei, em que com todas as minhas capacidades, eu seria tão capaz de governar ainda outros impérios quanto o sol de iluminar ainda outros mundos com seus raios. Eu sei que alguma obscuridade foi encontrada nessas palavras, e não tenho dúvidas de que o mesmo símbolo poderia ter sugerido alguns mais felizes. Outros me foram apresentados desde então, mas este já tendo sido usado em meus prédios e em uma infinidade de outras coisas, não julguei apropriado alterá-lo. Louis XIV, 1662.

Origem e uso

O primeiro uso do lema e símbolo é geralmente apresentado no grande Carrossel (Desfile) de 1662, no que é hoje a Place du Carrousel, para comemorar o nascimento de seu filho Louis, o Delfim.  No entanto, o lema apareceu já em 1658 em uma medalha.  Voltaire atribui o lema e emblema a Louis Douvrier, que os derivou de um lema de Filipe II da Espanha, de quem se dizia que o sol nunca se punha em seus domínios.  Polemistas na Holanda espanhola apontaram a natureza pouco original do símbolo. O próprio Luís XIV não estava apaixonado por eles, mas eles se mostraram populares com o público e assim ele os tolerou.

O lema e o símbolo do rei-sol apareceram em muitos edifícios, bem como em canhões. As armas clássicas de Vallière, em particular, levam o lema e o símbolo, mesmo para aqueles fundados muito depois da morte de Luís XIV.

Muitos dos subordinados de Louis adotaram emblemas e lemas jogando com os do soberano. César de Beaufort, almirante da França , adotou uma lua com o lema Elle obéit au soleil et commande aux flots ("Obedeça ao sol e comanda as ondas"); O Duque de Sully adotou um espelho em chamas com o lema Je brûle sous son concern ("Eu queimo [sob seu olhar / sob seu comando])".

É o lema da Ribét Academy , uma escola preparatória privada em Los Angeles, do 1º Regimento de Cavalaria Estrangeira da 6ª Brigada Blindada Leve do Exército Francês e do Muir College , uma escola pública de ensino médio inglês para meninos localizada em Uitenhage, África do Sul. Também é encontrado no brasão de armas de Zvishavane no Zimbábue.

Referências

Lemas
Latim
História da França
França

Nec pluribus impar


Mandaue (), officially the City of Mandaue (; ), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 364,116 people.

Mandaue City is located on the central-eastern coastal region of Cebu. Its southeast coast borders Mactan Island where Lapu-Lapu City is located and is connected to the island via two bridges: the Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge. Mandaue City is bounded on the north by the town of Consolacion, to the east by the Camotes Sea, and to the west and south by Cebu City.

It is one of three highly urbanized cities on Cebu island and forms a part of the Cebu Metropolitan area and was part of the sixth district of Cebu joined with the municipalities of Consolacion and Cordova - it was qualified for a lone district since 1991. In April 5, 2019, the city became a lone legislative district. As of June 30, 2022, Mandaue City had its first representation in the 19th Congress of the Philippines.

History

A community was established in Mandaue by a flourishing group of Austronesian people. The Venetian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta wrote of a settlement called Mandaui which existed in the area with a chieftain named Apanoaan some called him Lambuzzan in other accounts.

Mandaue natives were forced into a town as decreed by the Spanish authorities. This may have started off as a mission village (which included present day Consolacion, Liloan and Poro) serving as a bulwark for the church in the northern Cebu and was managed by the Jesuit in 1638 then a century later by the Recollects.

The Philippine Revolution of 1898 gave the town a new form of administration in accordance with the organic decree of the Central Revolutionary Government. The short-lived revolution was overthrown by the American troops and a battle nearly destroyed the town in 1901, killing Presidente Benito Ceniza.

Mandaue was a semi-autonomous functioning town. Semi-autonomous as it was still under the jurisdiction of Cebu. Despite having been developed and organized by the Spaniards throughout the ages and its population increasing as the years gone by, the Spaniards did not make an initiative to elevate the town into an independent municipality. It was only after the death of Presidente Ceniza and the establishment of American Rule in Mandaue that the dream of becoming an independent municipality came true. In 1901, Mandaue became an independent municipality.

Mandaue became independent from being an American Commonwealth and a Japanese garrison on July 4, 1946, along with the entire nation.

Cityhood

On August 30, 1969, Mandaue became a chartered city and decades later it was recognized as a highly urbanized city on February 15, 1991. In early-April 2019, Mandaue City became a lone legislative district, which means that it will be separated from the sixth district, and will have its own representative of the lone district.

Geography

The city has a total area of . According to the 2020 census, the population density is .

The city is the 6th smallest government unit in terms of land area; among the Metro Cebu local government units the city is the second smallest next to the municipality of Cordova in the island of Mactan. The city's land area is only 4.5% of the total land area of Metro Cebu and less than 1% of the total land of the province of Cebu.

The North Reclamation Project, now known as the North Special Administrative Zone, currently has about  reclaimed land. Of the 180 hectares, about  belong to the city.

It is one of the two (the other one being the municipality of Consolacion) local government units located within the mainland Metro Cebu where the elevation of land is less than .

Many of the areas of the city are extremely flat. About 77.37% is within the 0-8% slope category. Barangays belonging to this region are Centro, Looc, South Special Administrative Zone, Cambaro, Opao, Umapad, Paknaan, Alang-alang, Tipolo, Ibabao, Guizo, Subangdaku, Mantuyong, Maguikay and Tabok. The greater portion of the city, comprising about 70%, is dominated by the Mandaue Clay Loam soil series. This is found in the 0-2% and 2-5% slope ranges. Faraon clay loam characterizes the rest of the land with slope range from 5-8% and up to 25-40%.

Climate

Barangays
Mandaue is politically subdivided into 27 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics

Data showed that the oldest written accounts of Mandaue came from a population of 160 in 1637 to 1638. Mandaue had 10,309 souls according to the .  During the first year of its township in 1899, Mandaue had 42 barrios with a population of 21,086. When Mandaue was a second class municipality in 1964 its population was 33,811.

According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 364,116, which is an increase of  from the 2000 census. Among all the Philippine's highly urbanized cities, the City of Mandaue posted the highest proportion of household population who reported Roman Catholic as their religious affiliation at 95.2%. Mandaue has a significantly large population at or below the poverty line.

Economy

About 40 percent of Cebu's export companies are found in Mandaue. The city is dubbed as the industrial hub of Region VII and hosts about 10,000 industrial and commercial businesses, making it a "little rich city" in the country. It is home to some of the world's biggest companies such as San Miguel Corp., Coca-Cola Bottling Corp. Shemberg, the number one exporter of carrageenan, Monde Nissin, Profood International Corp., and 7D Dried Mangoes. Mandaue City also accounts for 75 percent of the country's total exports in the furniture sector, making the city the furniture capital of the country. One of these furniture companies is Mandaue Foam which started in 1971 and now has 25 factories and showrooms nationwide.

Tourism

Mandaue's point of interests, destinations, and attractions include:

Natural areas
 Monkey Caves
 Cansaga Bay
 Butuanon River
 Casili Hills
 Jagobiao Spring
 Cabancalan-Banilad Sinkholes
 Mahiga River
Historical locations
 Bantayan Sa Hari
 National Shrine of Saint Joseph
 Mandaue Presidencia, City Hall
 Ouano Wharf
 Mandaue Salt Beds
 Eversley Childs Sanitarium
 Rizal-Bonifacio Memorial Library
 Bathan Press
 San Miguel Brewery
 Rainbow Lane
 Cebu International Convention Center
Museums
 856 G Gallery
 Luis Cabrera Ancestral House and Museum
 Mandaue City Public Library
 Quijano Museum

Parks
 City Plaza
 Bridge Park
 Ibabao Mandaue Agri-Eco Park
 Subangdaku Wireless Sports Center
 Cebu Westown Lagoon
WaterWorld Cebu
Sports
 Wireless Plaza and Sports Complex
 Mandaue City Sports and Cultural Complex
 Mandaue Tennis Complex
 Portside Badminton Plaza
 Quick Points Badminton Club
 San Roque Football Club
 Sacred Heart–Ateneo de Cebu Sports Complex
 Cebu Golf Academy
 Gorilla Booth Camp
Shopping
 Ayala Malls Gatewalk Central (under construction)
 Parkmall
 J Centre Mall
 Pacific Mall
 Bridges Town Square
 Insular Square Mall
 City Times Square

Fiestas

Mandaue Fiesta: Celebrated on May 8 in honor of the town patron, St. Joseph. Activities that are typically held during this feast are the procession, inter-barangay sports competition, Miss Mandaue (the longest-running beauty competition in the province), rodeos, street festival (Mantawi Festival), bailes, fairs, and many more.

Panagtagbo sa Mandaue: This is Mandaue's current major festival in honor of the Holy Family. This is celebrated every 2nd week of January on the eve of the Traslacion (Transfer of Relic), of one of the significant religious events of the Sinulog Festival which commemorates the union of the Holy Family. In the Translacion, the Santo Niño and the Virgin of Guadalupe come and stay over at the shrine of Saint Joseph in Mandaue for an overnight vigil. This happens on a Friday, and on the early morning of the following Saturday, a fluvial procession is held on Cebu Strait going back to the Basilica . In the festival, there are singing and dancing competitions with a street dancing during the Bibingkahan in honor of Santo Niño. At night, there is a ritual showdown performance which is the highlight of the cultural-religious events.

Kabayo Festival:
The Kabayo (Horse) festival also known as Governor's Cup is a horse racing and different equestrian sports with the western way of riding event held annually in the second week of February.

Pasigarbo sa Sugbo:
It is a festival showcasing Cebu's culture, faith, history, products, and festivals from each individual town. It is held annually around August 6 which is the Charter day of the Province of Cebu. It was formerly held in Mandaue City at the Cebu International Convention Center (CICC), but was transferred to the Cebu City Sports Complex in Cebu City in 2019 due to the abandoned and disrepaired state of the convention center.

Cuisine

Mandaue has many restaurants which cater to gourmets and international cuisines like Italian, Japanese, Indian, Mediterranean, Lebanese, Arabic, Russian, Korean, Mexican, and Western cuisines. A variety of restaurants also serves meals of local cuisine.

Many famous Cebuano meals like the lechon  or inasal, eaten with achara or pickled vegetables. The sugba or barbecue of either isda (fish), baboy (pork), manok (chicken) or baka (beef) is found all over Mandaue eaten with puso, a diamond-shaped hanged rice covered in coco leaves. Kinilaw is raw meat usually pork or fish drenched in vinegar and salt. The buwad or dried seafood, either fish or squid, can be pungent with a crunchy and chewy texture. There are some exotic meals that can be found like dinuguan or pig's blood which is eaten like a soup. Barbecued chicken feet are liked by many locals.

Original cuisine in Mandaue includes bibingka which is steamed rice cakes mixed with coconut and sometimes egg. Binangos paired with rice is made of ground up corn with Bolinao fish.  This dish is found only in Mandaue; other delicacies includes the tagaktak, the seasonal buriring fish (stewed with iba) and the famous masareal.

Transportation

Mandaue City's road network is composed of a national highway which connects the city to its neighboring cities and municipalities, and a national secondary road which traverses the city's metropolitan area. The total length of the city road network (paved and unpaved) and the four bridges, is about , broken down into:
 National road   -
 City road       -
 Barangay road   -

Road density is  of land. In terms of population, road density is  per one thousand inhabitants.

Land transportation is being served by PUJ, utility vehicles, mini-buses, multi-cabs, tricycles, trisikads and for cargoes, trailers and vans. Sea transport of Mandaue is highly dependent on Port of Cebu and Cebu International Port, because of the city's proximity to these facilities.

Education

Mandaue houses two universities, the Cebu Doctors' University and the Lapu-Lapu–Mandaue campus of the University of Cebu. There are also technical schools like TESDA in barangays Banilad and Looc and other private institutions that provide certificate degrees. Associate degree, Baccalaureate Degrees, Master's and Doctoral programs.

Mandaue has institutionalized learning with the Cabahug Medal which was started on 1923 by Sotero Cabahug as a medal of academic excellence annually. The Mandaue Fraternal Society was also created in the early part of the 19th century to provide a community for the professionals during the time when Mandaue was still a sleepy town.

Cebu's part-time Japanese school, the Cebu Japanese School (CJS; セブ補習授業校 Sebu Hoshū Jugyō Kō), is located on the fifth floor of the Clotilde Commercial Center in Barangay Casuntingan, Mandaue City.

Media

Television
Television stations based in Mandaue City:

DYCB-TV (ABS-CBN Cebu) - Channel 3; a television station of the ABS-CBN's regional network division, ABS-CBN Regional, currently off-air due to the cease and desist order issued by the National Telecommunications Commission after its legislative franchise lapsed.
DYKC-TV (CNN Philippines) - Channel 9; a relay television station of the Radio Philippines Network / Nine Media Corporation.

Radio
Radio stations licensed in Mandaue City:

DYKC-AM (Radyo Ronda) - 675 kHz; an AM station owned by the Radio Philippines Network / Nine Media Corporation, affiliate of CNN Philippines.
DYAR-AM (Sonshine Radio) - 765 kHz; an AM station owned by Swara Sug Media Corporation and operated by Sonshine Media Network International.
DYAB-AM (Radyo Patrol) 1512 kHz; an AM station owned by ABS-CBN Corporation, currently off-air due to the cease and desist order issued by the National Telecommunications Commission after its legislative franchise lapsed.
DYPC-FM - 88.7 MHz; a community FM station owned by the Mandaue Broadcasting Center, an affiliate member of Vimcontu Broadcasting Corporation's radio station DYLA-AM in Cebu City.
DYLS-FM (MOR Philippines) - 97.1 MHz; a commercial FM station owned by ABS-CBN Corporation, currently off-air due to the cease and desist order issued by the National Telecommunications Commission after its legislative franchise lapsed.

Sister cities

Local

 Bacolod
 Baguio
 Butuan
 Dumaguete
 Iloilo City
 Marikina

International
  Bacău, Romania
  Mosul, Iraq

References

Sources

External links

 [ Philippine Standard Geographic Code]

Cities in Cebu
Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines
Populated places established in 1599
1599 establishments in the Philippines
Populated coastal places in the Philippines
Cities in Metro Cebu

Mandaue


CAESAR (CAmion Équipé d'un Système d'ARtillerie), Fransız yapımı bir zırhlı obüstür.

Teknik veriler
 Üretici: Fransa /GIAT
 Namlu Çapı: 155 mm
 Namlu Uzunluğu: 52 kalibre
 Uzunluğu: 10 m
 Muharebe Ağrlığı: 17.7t
 Yüksekliği: 3,7 m
 Genişliği: 3,4 m
 Yükselme: -3º +66º
 Yana Dönüş Açısı: Sağa ve Sola 34º
 Mermi Ağırlığı: 43,25 kg HE
 Hız: 100 km/s yolda, 60 km/s arazide
 Personel: 5

Kullanan ülkeler
 Fransa
 Tayland (6)
 Suudi Arabistan
 Ukrayna

Kaynakça

 Armada International 4/2003

Kundağı motorlu obüsler

CAESAR


Holstenniendorf, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim yeridir. 12,07 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 420 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Hermann Nottelmann tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-schenefeld.de

Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Holstenniendorf


Căsătoria civilă reprezintă conceptul legal de căsătorie ca instituție a codului civil, indiferent de apartenența religioasă, în conformitate cu legislația țării în care are loc. Căsătoria civilă se încheie în general la un ofițer al stării civile. Există și excepții care permit încheierea căsătoriei de către alte persoane (de exemplu căpitanul unui vapor sau aeronave).

Căsătoria se încheie de către ofițerul de stare civilă la sediul serviciului public comunitar local de evidență a persoanelor, al primăriei în a cărei rază de competență teritorială își are domiciliul ori reședința unul dintre viitorii soți sau, după caz, la un sediu destinat acestui scop, stabilit de primarul unității administrativ-teritoriale respective.

Căsătorie
Oficiu de stare civilă
Dreptul familiei

Căsătorie civilă


Walter Abel (June 6, 1898 – March 26, 1987) was an American stage, film, and radio actor whose career spanned nearly seven decades.

Life
Abel was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Christine (née Becker) and Richard Michael Abel.  Abel graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where he had studied in 1917 and joined a touring company. His brother Alfred died in 1922 from tuberculosis contracted while serving overseas in World War I. Abel was married to concert harpist Marietta Bitter.

Career

Abel made his film debut in 1918 with a small part in Out of a Clear Sky, and his Broadway debut in Forbidden in 1919.

In 1924 he appeared in two Eugene O'Neill plays simultaneously: Bound East for Cardiff at the Provincetown Playhouse and Desire Under the Elms at the Greenwich Village Theater. His many theatre credits include As You Like It (1923), William Congreve's Love for Love (1925), Anton Chekhov's The Seagull (1929-1930), Mourning Becomes Electra (1929), Kaufman and Hart's Merrily We Roll Along (1934), and Trelawny of the 'Wells'. He also appeared in Channing Pollock's play The Enemy (1926) with Fay Bainter, adapted to film as The Enemy (1927) with Lillian Gish and Ralph Forbes. Abel made his stage debut in London in the 1929 Coquette.

His first major film role was as D'Artagnan in RKO Pictures' 1935 The Three Musketeers, and as hyperactive agent Danny Reed in the 1942 musical comedy Holiday Inn, with Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire.

Abel went on to play in more than sixty films, and was a vice president of the Screen Actors' Guild.

Abel also appeared as a concert narrator or reader with Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra in Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait in 1951, and in Dylan Thomas' Under Milk Wood in 1953.

Death
Abel died March 26, 1987, of a myocardial infarction at a nursing home in Essex, Connecticut. He was cremated and a memorial service was held at the Little Church Around the Corner in Manhattan. His ashes were combined with those of his wife and scattered in Long Island Sound.

Filmography

Film

Television

Radio appearances

References

External links

1898 births
1987 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male silent film actors
American male radio actors
Male actors from Saint Paul, Minnesota
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni

Walter Abel


An Carex psilocarpa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel. An Carex psilocarpa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex psilocarpa


Le camp de prisonniers fédéraux de Florence ( ou FPC Florence), aussi connue sous le nom de Florence ADMAX Satellite Prison Camp et à ne pas confondre avec l'ADX Florence (la prison de très haute sécurité située dans le même complexe), est une prison fédérale américaine à sécurité minimale pour détenus de sexe masculin situé à Florence, au Colorado. Il est géré par le Bureau fédéral des prisons, une division du ministère de la Justice des États-Unis.

Le camp est situé sur le terrain de l', qui fait elle-même partie du  dans l'État du Colorado, cette installation constituant le plus grand complexe correctionnel fédéral des Etats-Unis.

Il s'agit d'un établissement à sécurité minimum pour les détenus à faibles risques. Les détenus vivent dans des installations de type « dortoirs » qui ne sont pas enfermés ni entourés de clôtures. Les détenus sont des criminels dont les infractions n'incluaient pas l'usage d'armes. Environ 60% des plus de 400 détenus sont des délinquants toxicomanes.

Détenus notables

 Les « IRP6 », six hommes d'affaires de Denver reconnus coupables d'escroquerie, et qui contestent leur condamnation.

Sources

Voir aussi

 Liste des prisons fédérales américaines
 Bureau fédéral des prisons
 L'incarcération aux États-Unis

Notes et références

Prison fédérale au Colorado
Bâtiment au Colorado
Florence

Camp de prisonniers fédéraux de Florence


العيشية هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء جزين في محافظة الجنوب.
تقع في آخر قضاء جزين بالقرب من كفررمان

في التاريخ

وقعت بها مجزرة العيشية بتاريخ 21 تشرين الأول 1976 في فترة الحرب الاهلية اللبنانية

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء جزين
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الجنوبي
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
قرى جبل عامل
قضاء جزين

العيشية


Pseudoudoteaceae, biljna porodica iz reda Bryopsidales. pripada joj fosilni rod Hydraea i jedini živi rod Pseudoudotea s ukupno tri priznate vrste

Rodovi
 †Hydraea O.Dragastan, D.K.Richter, B.Kube, M.Popa, A.Sarbu & I.Ciugulea
 Pseudoudotea O.Dragastan, D.K.Richter, B.Kube, M.Popa, A.Sarbu, & I.Ciugulea

Izvori

Bryopsidales

Pseudoudoteaceae


Gilbert Shelton (born May 31, 1940) is an American cartoonist and a key member of the underground comix movement. He is the creator of the iconic underground characters The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers, Fat Freddy's Cat, and Wonder Wart-Hog.

Biography

Early life and education
Shelton was born in Dallas, Texas on May 31, 1940. His father, George Shelton worked for Firestone, which moved the family around the southeast during the 1940's. They settled in Houston, Texas where he graduated from Lamar High School. He attended Washington and Lee University, Texas A&M University, and the University of Texas at Austin, where he received his bachelor's degree in the social sciences in 1961. His early cartoons were published in the University of Texas' humor magazine The Texas Ranger.

Early career
Directly after graduation, Shelton moved to New York City and got a job editing automotive magazines, where he would sneak his drawings into print. Early work of his was published in Warren Publishing's Help! The idea for the character of Wonder Wart-Hog, a porcine parody of Superman, came to him in 1961. The following year, Shelton moved back to Texas to enroll in graduate school and get a student deferment from the draft. The first two Wonder Wart-Hog stories appeared in Bacchanal, a short-lived college humor magazine, in the spring of 1962. That same year, he published (in zine form) Frank Stack's The Adventures of Jesus, one of the first underground comix; Stack wrote and drew the comic strip under the name Foolbert Sturgeon.

Shelton then became editor of The Texas Ranger and published more Wonder Wart-Hog stories.

After switching from graduate school to art school (where he befriended singer Janis Joplin) for two years, he was finally drafted, but Army doctors declared him medically unfit after he admitted to taking psychedelic drugs. After this, in 1964 and 1965, he spent some time in Cleveland, where his girlfriend Pat Brown (another UT alum) was studying at the Cleveland Institute of Art. He applied for a job at the Cleveland-based American Greeting Card Company (where a fellow underground comic artist Robert Crumb had worked) but was turned down.

The period of 1965–1968 was an itinerant one for Shelton: he moved to New York to work for the underground paper East Village Other, and to Los Angeles to work for the Los Angeles Free Press. Then Shelton became art director for the Vulcan Gas Company, a rock music venue in Austin, Texas, where he worked with Jim Franklin. He created a number of posters in the style of contemporary California poster artists such as Victor Moscoso and Rick Griffin. After a year of this, he moved to San Francisco in 1968, hopeful that being closer to the action would enable him to do more poster work.

That same year, Millar Publishing Company, who had been publishing regular Wonder Wart-Hog stories since 1966, published two issues of Wonder Wart-Hog. 140,000 copies of each were printed, but distributors did not pick up the magazine, and only 40,000 of each were sold.

Underground comix star
Also in 1968 Shelton self-published Feds 'n' Heads, a collection of strips first published in the Austin underground paper The Rag. The comic featured Wonder Wart-Hog and what became his most famous strip, The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. The first edition of Feds 'N' Heads was hand-collated, folded, and stapled by Shelton in his garage, with an initial print run of 5,000 copies; it proved so popular that it was later re-issued multiple times by the San Francisco-based publisher the Print Mint, selling over 200,000 total copies by 1980.

In 1969, Shelton co-founded Rip Off Press with three fellow "expatriate" Texans: Fred Todd, Dave Moriaty, and cartoonist Jack Jackson. Rip Off Comix published 13 issues of The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers comic from 1971 to 1997, with many issues undergoing multiple printings. Shelton created a spin-off strip, Fat Freddy's Cat, in 1969.

During this period, Shelton was also a regular contributor to Zap Comix and other underground titles, including Bijou Funnies, Yellow Dog, Arcade, The Rip Off Review of Western Culture, and Anarchy Comics. Along with R. Crumb, S. Clay Wilson, Robert Williams, "Spain" Rodriguez, and two artists with reputations as psychedelic poster designers, Victor Moscoso and Rick Griffin, Shelton became part of the "Zap collective," which remained mostly constant throughout the nearly 50-year history of Zap.

In the 1970s, Shelton managed the Rip Off Press Syndicate, which sold weekly content, including Shelton's own strips, to alternative newspapers and student publications. Much of the material produced for the syndicate was eventually published in the company's long-running anthology Rip Off Comix, which had debuted in 1977.

Shelton designed the cover art for the 1973 album Doug Sahm and Band, as well as The Grateful Dead's 1978 album, Shakedown Street.

He also illustrated the cover of the early classic computer magazine compilation The Best of Creative Computing Volume 2 in 1977.

In 1979, Universal Studios paid Shelton and Rip Off Press $250,000 for the rights to make a live-action Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers film. Shelton used his share (which was the bulk of the money) to finance repeated trips to Europe, and to eventually settle down in France. Meanwhile, the Universal-produced Freak Brothers film never made it to production.

Later work
Shelton's Not Quite Dead, done in collaboration with French cartoonist Pic, appeared in Rip Off Comix #25 (Winter 1989) and in six Not Quite Dead comic books (1993–1996).

A new Wonder Wart-Hog story appeared in Zap Comix #15 (Last Gasp, 2005), as well as The Complete Zap boxed set (Fantagraphics, 2014) which contained Zap #16; and a new Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers story appeared in Zap #16 as well.

Fifty Freakin' Years with the Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers was published in 2017 by Knockabout Comics. It contains new strips by Shelton, as well as his written introduction.

Music
In 1966 Shelton formed the Gilbert Shelton Ensemble and released a 45 record on ESP Records, "If I Was A Hells Angel," b/w "Southern Stock Car Man," backed by members of the Austin psychedelic rock band The Conqueroo, consisting of Tom Bright, Bob Brown and Ed Guinn.

Since moving to France, Shelton has become part of a rhythm and blues group, the Blum Brothers, featuring Shelton on vocals and piano. The band features fellow cartoonist musician Bruno Blum on vocals and guitar. A Blum-produced album was recorded but not released. The Blum Brothers played at the Jockomo, a New Orleans-style bar in the 11th arrondissement of Paris.

Personal life
Shelton and his wife, literary agent Lora Fountain, left San Francisco in 1979. They were residents of Barcelona, (Catalonia, Spain) in 1980–1981, and moved to France in 1984.

In popular culture

Film and TV
There have been several attempts to film Shelton's Freak Brothers characters, and over the years there were several film rights options taken on Shelton's work, but none of them went to production.

In 1978, the unauthorized pornographic film Up in Flames was released, which "ripped off the Freak Brothers [and R. Crumb's] Mr. Natural all in one go."

It was rumored that Universal's acquisition of the Freak Brothers film rights in 1979 was in order to prevent competition against the Cheech & Chong franchise. Although a script was written, the film was never done.

At one point, the Freak Brothers' antics were reportedly being turned into a Broadway musical, after a stop motion animated film, titled Grass Roots and produced by Celluloid Dreams, fell through..

Finally, in 2021, an animated series called Freak Brothers featuring the voices of Pete Davidson, John Goodman, and Woody Harrelson, premiered on the streaming service Tubi. It was renewed for a Season 2 which begins in June 2023.

Music

"Set My Chickens Free"
Shelton's strip "Set My Chickens Free," published in issue #1 of the Bijou Funnies comic (1968) has been used in multiple music projects:
 In 1969, the words were set to music by The Hub City Movers and recorded as "The Chicken Song"; re-released in 1983 as "Set Your Chickens Free".
 In David Carradine's 1975 album Grasshopper (and 1976 single "Cosmic Joke"), he uses the words in "Chicken Song."
 In 1994, Merle Haggard used the words in his song "Set My Chickens Free," released on his studio album 1994.

Literature
Shelton's "Set My Chickens Free" cartoon was also published on page 128 of Abbie Hoffman's Steal This Book (1971), illustrating its third section, "Liberate!"

Bibliography

Wonder Wart-Hog

 Wonder Wart-Hog (2 issues, Millar Publishing Company, 1967)
 (Not Only) The Best of Wonder Wart-Hog (3 issues, Rip Off Press and the Print Mint, 1973) — issues #1-2 published by Rip Off Press, #3 by the Print Mint
 Wonder Wart-Hog, Hog of Steel (3 issues, Rip Off Press, 1995)
 Wonder Wart-Hog and The Battle of the Titans (Rip Off Press, 1985)
 Underground Classics #5 (Rip Off Press, 1987) —titled  "Wonder Wart-Hog Vol. 1"
 Wonder Wart-Hog and the Nurds of November (Rip Off Press, 1988)
 The Best of Wonder Wart-Hog (Knockabout Comix, 2013)

The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers
 The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers (13 issues, Rip Off Press, 1971–1997) — with Dave Sheridan (1974–1982) and Paul Mavrides (1978–1997)
 Thoroughly Ripped with the Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers and Fat Freddy's Cat! (Rip Off Press, 1978) . There are 2 editions, one with a board game, one without
 Underground Classics #1 (Rip Off Press, 1985) — titled "The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers #0"
The Complete Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers, Volume One (Knockabout Comics, 2001)  — reprints The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers #0–7 and 12
The Complete Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers, Volume Two (Knockabout Comics, 2003)  — reprints The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers #8-11 and 13
 The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers Omnibus (Knockabout Comics, 2008)
 Fifty Freakin' Years with the Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers (Knockabout Comics, 2017)

Fat Freddy's Cat
The Collected Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat and his Friends (Gilbert Shelton, 1975)
The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat (Knockabout Comics, 1977)  — reprints the four small Adventures of ... comix except for 4 strips from #2 and 1 strip from #3
The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat Book 1 (Rip Off Press, 1977)
The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat Book 2 (Rip Off Press, 1977)
The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat Book 3 (Rip Off Press, 1977)
The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat Book 4 (Rip Off Press, 1980) — titled "The Burning of Hollywood"
The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat Book 5 (Rip Off Press, 1980)
More Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat (Rip Off Press, 1981)  — reprints 91 one-page strips
Fat Freddy's Comics & Stories (2 issues, Rip Off Press, 1983–1985)
The Fat Freddy's Cat Omnibus (Knockabout Comics, 2009)  — reprints The Adventures of Fat Freddy's Cat #1-7, The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers #1-6

Other titles
 Feds 'N' Heads (self-published, 1968) — re-issued in multiple printings by the Print Mint
 Give Me Liberty: A Revised History of the American Revolution 1976
 Underground Classics #12: "Gilbert Shelton in 3D" (Rip Off Press, 1990)
 Philbert Desanex' Dreams (Rip Off Press, 1993)
 Not Quite Dead (6 issues, Rip Off Press, 1993–1996; Knockabout Comics, 2005–2010) — with Pic

References

External links

 "Me and Gilbert Shelton: A Memoir," by Ramsey Wiggins, The Rag Blog, March 8, 2010.
 The Hog of Steel, a complete bibliography of Wonder Wart-Hog
 UT Texas Ranger Magazine archive
  Best of Creative Computing, Volume 2 cover art

Interviews

 "Cartoonist and Underground Comix Artist Gilbert Shelton" on Rag Radio, interviewed by Thorne Dreyer, March 9, 2010.
Video Interview with Gilbert Shelton on oc-tv.net

1940 births
American comic strip cartoonists
American comics artists
American satirists
American expatriates in France
Artists from Austin, Texas
Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area
The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers
Living people
American poster artists
Psychedelic artists
Texas A&M University alumni
Underground cartoonists
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni

Gilbert Shelton


An Kobresia laxa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. An Kobresia laxa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Kobresia, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Kobresia

Kobresia laxa


ආර්සිනෝයි III ෆිලොපේටර් (පුරාතන ග්‍රීක: Ἀρσινόη ἡ Φιλοπάτωρ; අර්ථය "පියාට ආදරය කරන ආර්සිනෝයි", ක්‍රි.පූ. 246/245 – 204) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඊජිප්තුවේ විසූ රැජිනකි (ක්‍රි.පූ. 220 – 204). ඇය IIIවන ටොලමි සහ IIවන බෙරෙනිස්ගේ දියණිය වූවා ය.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 220 ඔක්තෝබර් මස අග සිට නොවැම්බර් මුල දක්වා කාලය තුළ ඇයව ඇගේ සොයුරා වූ IVවන ටොලමි හට විවාහ කර දී තිබේ. ඇය රාජ්‍ය පාලනය සඳහා ක්‍රියාකාරීව දායක වූ අතර, අවම වශයෙන් බලවත් අමාත්‍ය සොසිබියස් පවා ඇයට ඉඩ දී තිබේ. ක්‍රි.පූ. 217 රැෆියා සටනේ දී මහා ඇන්ටියෝකස් සමග යුධ වැදීමට ඇය විසින් පාබල සහ අශ්වා‍රෝහක හමුදා මෙහෙයවා තිබේ. ඇය Vවන ටොලමිගේ මව වූවා ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 204 ග්‍රීෂ්ම ඍතුවේ දී මාලිග ක්‍රමන්ත්‍රණයකින් ඇයව ඝාතනය කෙරුණේ ඇගේ සැමියාගේ මරණින් මඳ කලකට පසුවයි. ඉරටොස්තීනිස් විසින් රචනා කරන ලද ආර්සිනෝයි නැමැති අත්පිටපත මෙම රැජින පිළිබඳ මතක සටහනක් ලෙස සැලකේ. පුරාතන විද්වතුන් රැසක් මේ පිළිබඳ සඳහන් කොට තිබුණ ද, වර්තමානයේ එය දක්නට නැත.

පෙළපත

මූලාශ්‍ර

ක්‍රි.පූ. 204 මරණ
ක්‍රි.පූ. 240 දශකයේ උපත්
ක්‍රි.පූ. 3වන සියවසේ කාන්තා රාජ්‍ය පාලකයින්
ක්‍රි.පූ. 3වන සියවසේ ග්‍රීක ජනයා
ක්‍රි.පූ. 3වන සියවසේ මැසිඩෝනියානුවන්
රණකාමී පුරාතන ඊජිප්තු කාන්තාවන්
ටොලමියානු රාජවංශයේ වල්ලභ රැජිනියන්
රණකාමී හෙලනිස්තික කාන්තාවන්
ඊජිප්තුවේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 3වන සියවස

ඊජිප්තුවේ IIIවන ආර්සිනෝයි


Opoj este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Trnava din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.139 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Opoj este atestată documentar din 1266.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Opoj


Károly Réthy (n. 21 octombrie 1884, Grabovo, Comitatul Srijem - d. 15 decembrie 1921, Baia Mare) a fost un pictor maghiar. A studiat la Școala de pictură de la Baia Mare și a lucrat acolo până la moartea sa. Soția lui a fost Irma Seidler.

Cariera
În timpul iernii din 1904-1905 a studiat la școala privată a lui Ferenczy Károly din Budapesta, iar în primăvara anului 1905, a studiat colecțiile private din Viena și München și s-a întors să picteze în Baia Mare în timpul verii. În iarnă din 1905-1906 a fost la Academia Iuliană, maestrul lui fiind Jean Paul Laurens. Apoi s-a întors la Baia Mare unde și-a fondat o familie în 1908, căsătorindu-se cu Seidler Irma (1883-1911). Din 1908, a avut un studio la München unde a lucrat în mod independent, și tot acolo a aflat vestea izbitoare că soția lui a decedat în Dunăre în Budapesta la începutul anului 1911, neexistând detalii morții acesteia.
Károly Réthy a fost pentru prima dată în Baia Mare la expoziția jubiliară din 1912 și în iarna anului 1913 la Galeria de Artă din Budapesta. În timpul primului război mondial el a efectuat serviciul militar și a fost detașat la primul regiment bosniac. El a fost implicat în luptele cele mai serioase de pe câmpul de luptă italian. El a fost reținut pe insula Asinara, iar în primăvara anului 1918 a fost trimis acasă.

La 16 decembrie 1918, s-a căsătorit din nou, cu Homola Elvírát. A pictat cu sârguință în Baia Mare și a dezvoltat foarte mult. La mijlocul lui 1921 a început să se îmbolnăvească, mai devreme pentru a avea o paralizie corectă, a murit pe tumora cerebrală la 15 decembrie 1921.

Majoritatea operelor sale se găsesc în colecții private, în Baia Mare, București, Cluj. Conștiința Creatorului și arta conștientă îi conectează munca la prima generație de pictori din Baia Mare.

Opere
 Autoportret (1908)
 În fundalul peisajului din Baia Mare, Muntele Crucea (ulei pe pânză, 70x80 cm)
 Țiganca

Note

Nașteri în 1884
Decese în 1921
Pictori maghiari
Decese cauzate de cancer

Károly Réthy


الأمير مساعد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود وزير الداخلية السعودي، وزير المالية السعودي في عهد الملك فيصل بن عبد العزيز آل سعود. أول رئيس لديوان المظالم وأول رئيس لديوان المراقبة العامة. عينه الملك سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود رئيسًا لديوان المراقبة العامة بموجب المرسوم الملكي رقم 2270/3/20/5 في تاريخ 11 ذو القعدة 1376 هـ الموافق 4 يونيو 1957. ترأس الديوان لمدة (4) سنوات، وكان يحضر اجتماعات مجلس الوزراء.

ولد في الرياض عام 1341 هـ الموافق 1920، هو أخو الملك عبد العزيز مؤسس المملكة العربية السعودية، والوحيد بين إخوانه الذي حصل على شهادة جامعية، ويأتي ترتيبه قبل الأخير من أبناء الإمام عبد الرحمن ابن الإمام فيصل بن الإمام تركي (مؤسس الدولة السعودية الثانية). ووالدته هي الأميرة عمشة بنت فراج العجران الخالدي.

ذكر المؤرخ عبد الله فيلبي في كتابه (الذكرى العربية الذهبية)، أن الأمير مساعد بن عبد الرحمن ولد في قصر الحكم بالرياض سنة 1333 هـ، ويذكر الأمير مساعد نفسه أنه عندما توفي والده الإمام عبد الرحمن الفيصل في ذو الحجة 1346 هـ، لم يكن في سن يسمح له باستيعاب الأمور. لذا يرجح كونه آنذاك في حدود الخامسة من العمر. حيث جعله من مواليد عام 1922 كما يرجحه أولاده أيضًا.

إهتمامه بالعلم
بدأ عهد الرياض بالمكتبات العامة سنة 1363 هـ/1944 حين أنشأ الأمير مساعد بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود أول مكتبة عامة فيها، جمع لها مجموعة طيبة من المطبوعات وخصص لها جانباً في بيته، وسمحَ لكل زائر حق الانتفاع بها.
تحدث الشيخ محمد بن إبراهيم بن جبير في هذا الشأن قائلًا: «تهيأت له الفرص لأن يقرأ ويدرس ويستوعب، واستطاع أن يستفيد من المكتبة التي جمعها ويستفيد من طلبة العلم الذين كانوا يزورونه ويختلفون عليه في بيته، وكان الأمير مساعد فترة حكم الملك عبد العزيز آل سعود دون عمل، وهذه الفترة هي التي أثرت في التمكين العلمي والثقافي والسياسي للأمير مساعد، وعندما تولى الملك سعود أستطاع أن يستقطب الأمير مساعد ويستفيد منه؛ فكان يستشيره في كثير من الأمور، ويستنصح به».

رواد المكتبة
كان طلبة العلم يأتون إليها وكان هو يجلس فيها ويتناقش معهم ثم طورها ونقلها من مقرها الأول الحِلة شرق الرياض، وبلغ من عنايته بالمكتبة أن وضع لوحة في مدخلها للإعلان عن الكتب الجديدة، الجديرة بالمطالعة، وعين موظفاً عليها، وعاملًا آخر لتقديم الضيافة، وكان من روادها حمد الجاسر وعبد الرحمن القويز وعبد الكريم الجهيمان.

إخوانه
 الأمير فيصل بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير فهد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير خالد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير تركي بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الملك عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير سعد الأول بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير عبد المحسن بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير سعود بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 الأمير سعد الثاني بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود

زوجاته
 الأميرة حصة بنت عبد الله بن تركي السديري. والدة الأميرة نوف
 الأميرة الجوهرة بنت عبد الرحمن الصالح. والدة الأمير عبد الله، والأمير خالد والأمير عبدالرحمن رحمه الله. والأميرة نورة رحمها الله والأميرة موضي رحمها الله والأميرة منيرة
 الأميرة تهاني بنت عبد الستار الخطيب (متوفاة). والدة الأمير حسان، والأميرة ريم، والأميرة حسناء
 الأميرة حواء. والدة الأمير فيصل
 الأميرة نهال. والدة الأمير محمد
 الأميرة مريم بن احمد ال سعيد الغامدي لم تنجب اولاد

أبناؤه

 الأميرة نورة بنت مساعد. متزوجة من الأمير عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود ولها من الأبناء الأمير فيصل، الأمير تركي، الأميرة سكينة، الأميرة سارة، والأميرة منيرة.

 الأميرة موضي بنت مساعد. توفيت في 26 / 11 / 1443 هـ، وصلي عليها يوم الأحد الموافق 27 / 11 / 1443 هـ، بعد صلاة العصر في جامع الإمام تركي بن عبد الله في مدينة الرياض.

 الأمير عبد الله بن مساعد. متزوج من الأميرة سلوى بنت عبد العزيز العياف آل مقرن وله من الأبناء الأمير فيصل، الأمير نواف، الأمير مساعد، والأميرة سارة.
 الأمير عبد الرحمن بن مساعد. متزوج من الأميرة مشاعل بنت فهد بن محمد بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود وله من الأبناء الأمير محمد، والأمير عبد العزيز.
 الأميرة فاطمة بنت مساعد. متزوجة من الشيخ فراج العجران الخالدي ولها من الأبناء تركي، فيصل، نوف، وجواهر.
 الأميرة سارة بنت مساعد. متزوجة من سعد بن حسين الغنيم ولها من الأبناء بندر، محمد، خالد، وسعود.
 الأميرة منيرة بنت مساعد. متزوجة من الأمير محمد بن حسن آل محمد.
 الأمير فيصل بن مساعد. كان متزوج من الأميرة نوف بنت ذعار بن بن تركي بن عبد العزيز آل سعود وله من الأبناء الأميرة سارة، الأمير سلطان، الأمير خالد، والأميرة الجوهرة، ومتزوج من الأمير نوف بنت محمد بن سعود الكبير آل سعود، وله من الأبناء الأمير سعود، الأميرة صيتة، الأميرة نجلاء، الأمير عبد الله، والأميرة ديمة.
 الأمير خالد بن مساعد. متزوج من الأميرة عبير بنت فيصل بن عبد الرحمن بن أحمد السديري وله من الأبناء الأمير مساعد (رئيس مجلس إدارة الأكاديمية الدولية لكرة القدم، متزوج من الأميرة لطيفة بنت عبد الله بن مساعد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود)، الأميرة سارة (متزوجة من الأمير فيصل بن خالد بن سلطان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود)، الأميرة هالة، الأميرة منيرة، والأميرة الجوهرة. له كريمة متزوجة من الأمير سعود بن حسام بن سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود.
 الأميرة نوف بنت مساعد. متزوجة من الشيخ عبد المحسن بن ماجد بن محمد العريعر ولها من الأبناء مرام، خالد، عبد العزيز، عبد الله، والجوهرة.
 الأميرة ريم بنت مساعد. متزوجة من المهندس علي بن حمد بن علي العليان ولها من الأبناء منيرة، وحمد.

 الأمير حسان بن مساعد. كان متزوج من الأميرة سارة القريشي وله من البنات الأميرة ريم، والأميرة لين، ومتزوج من الأميرة سلمى السبهان وله من الأبناء الأمير محمد، الأمير سلطان، والأمير عبد الرحمن.

 الأميرة حسناء بنت مساعد. متزوجة من الأمير عبد العزيز بن بدر بن سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود ولها من الأبناء الأميرة هيفاء، الأمير مشعل، الأمير سعود، الأميرة بنية، الأميرة العنود، الأميرة ريم، والأمير بدر.

 الأمير محمد بن مساعد. متزوج من الأميرة هيفاء بنت فيصل بن سلمان بن محمد آل سعود وله من الأبناء الأمير فيصل، الأميرة تولين، والأميرة صبا.

وفاته

توفي الأمير مساعد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود في يوم الثلاثاء 8 ربيع الآخر 1407هـ الموافق 9 ديسمبر 1986 في مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي في مدينة الرياض عن عمر يناهز السبعين عامًا.

وصلات خارجية
 لقاء تلفزيوني مصور مدته 3 ساعات سجّله د.عبد الرحمن الشبيلي عام 1396هـ / 1976م.
 مساعد بن عبد الرحمن.
 أول مكتبة عامة بالرياض.
 الأمير مساعد بن عبد الرحمن.. رجل العلم والإدارة.

المراجع

آل سعود
أبناء عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود
أبناء ملوك
أشخاص من الرياض
أمراء سعوديون
سياسيون سعوديون في القرن 20
مواليد 1341 هـ
مواليد 1920
مواليد 1922
وزراء داخلية السعودية
وزراء سعوديون سابقون
وزراء مالية سعوديون
وفيات 1407 هـ
وفيات 1987
وفيات 1992
وفيات في الرياض

مساعد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود


El Cuarteto Imperial es un conjunto de cumbia originario de Colombia que cosechó éxitos y relevancia internacional en la década de 1960. El inicio de su época dorada comenzó en 1964 en Argentina, desde donde fueron reconocidos en toda América del Sur, con giras que incluyeron prácticamente todos los países del hemisferio, y destinos tan distantes como Australia. Luego de  medio siglo han grabado 95 discos LP  con ventas que han superado los 40 millones de unidades.

Muchas de las cumbias, compuestas por su director Heli Toro Álvarez, como «Río Mamoré», «Caramelo Santo», permanecen como repertorio clásico del género en la memoria de toda una generación.

Formación
El grupo se formó en 1961 en Manzanares, departamento de Caldas, Colombia, al reunirse el maestro de música Heli Toro Álvarez, quien en aquel tiempo lideraba una peña folclórica, con los hermanos Octavio y  Juan de Dios Acosta Arias, que venían de participar en el Trío Rubí, conjunto que formaban con un primo.

Heli sumó a Antonio Muñoz Álvarez, y el primo de los Acosta Arias abandonó al trío Rubí, con lo que quedó formado el nuevo grupo, con el nombre inicial de «Heli Toro y su trío imperial».

De acuerdo a la versión de Heli Toro, «luego de estudios en el Conservatorio de Manizales, Heli Toro conforma el Trío Imperial interpretando música colombiana folclórica e internacional. Tiempo más tarde en Quimbaya se incorporará un elemento más», pero Acosta Arias señala que «en realidad fue un directivo de sello Victoria ( Cali ) quien sugirió el cambio de nombre a Cuarteto Imperial, como una forma comercial más simple». De ahí en adelante la agrupación comenzó una gira por Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia y Argentina donde logra un rotundo éxito.

Integrantes fundadores
Los integrantes originales del grupo fueron:
 Heli Toro Álvarez (Manzanares , Caldas),1929: Acordeón , coros y solista vocal .
 Antonio Muñoz Álvarez (Medellín, Antioquia ),1931: guitarra, guacharaca y maracas, coros y solista vocal,.
 Juan de Dios Acosta Arias (Santuario , Risaralda, 1941): guitarra y bajo, coros y solista vocal.
 Octavio Acosta Arias (Santuario , Risaralda, 1943): coros y solista vocal.
Esta formación con sus 4 fundadores fue la que plasmó el sello del grupo en Argentina.
Se separan en 1970 y Heli Toro Álvarez continua con el Cuarteto Imperial debido a que la marca es de su propiedad. Desde comienzos de los años 70 se sumó el cantante argentino Miguel Céjas, quién renunció en 1979 por convertirse al evangelio.
Los hermanos Acosta Arias y Antonio Muñoz siguen en otras agrupaciones.
Actualmente Heli Toro Álvarez de 91 años reside en Colombia y continúa con su Cuarteto Imperial.
Antonio Muñoz Álvarez de 89 años reside en México desde 1972.
Juan De Dios y Octavio Acosta Arias, de 79 y 77 años respectivamente, residen en Argentina desde 1964 y siguen recorriendo los escenarios como Los Fundadores del Imperial.

Discografía Parcial

 Adiós, Adiós Corazón (1964)
 Nuevamente (1964)
 Colombianísimo (1965)
 De Colombia Con Ritmo (1965)
 De Colombia A La Argentina (1965)
 Boleros (1966)
 Sensacional (1966)
 Latino, Si Gusta (1966)
 Con Todo (1967)
 Sabor A Colombia (1967)
 Ritmo De Locura (1968)
 El Cuarteto De Oro (1968)
 Gooool (1969)
Ay qué calor ! (1969)
 A Bailar (1970)
Los Más Grandes Exitos (1970)
 A Todo Ritmo (1970)
 El Manganga (1971)
 Felices Fiestas (1971)
 Palmeras (1972)
 Al Son De Las Palmas (1972)
 Serafina (1973)
 Hagan El Pasito (1973)
 Sigan Haciendo El Pasito (1974)
 La Fiesta Linda (1974)
 Con Una Sonrisa Se Vive Mejor (1975)
 Bailando De Noche, Bailando De Día (1975)
 Felicidades (1976)
 Argentina Bonita (1976)
 Uno, Dos, Tres (1977)
 Para Todo El Mundo (1977)
 La Lancha Del Amor (1978)
 Continuado/Súpermosaico (1978)
 Continuado II/Súpermosaico II (1979)
 Saboreando (1979)
 Su Edad De Oro (1980)
 El Rey (1980)
 Continuado III/Súpermosaico III (1980)
 Lanza Perfume (1981)
 De 4 A 90 Años (Continuado/Súpermosaico IV) (1981)
 Fiesta Latinoamericana (Continuado V/Súpermosaico V) (1982)
 A Bailar Con Alegría (Continuado VI/Súpermosaico VI) (1983)
 Golpe Con Golpe (1984)
 20 Años De Éxitos (1984)
 El Continuado Espeluznante (1985)
 El Nuevo Sonido (1985)
 Por Las Calles Del Éxito (1985)
 Los 14 Golazos (1986)
 Muchacha De Risa Loca (1986)
 La Alegría De Vivir (1987)
 Agüita E' Coco (1988)
 Freddy Toro y su cuarteto - Enamorandose (1989)
 Enséñame A Volver A Amar/Cuarteto Imperial 93 (1993)
 El Cuarteto De La Felicidad (1994)
 El Imparable Del Cuarteto Imperial (1994)
 El Auténtico (2000)
 Bailando Sin Parar (2005)
 Sonríe Con El Monstruo (2006)
 Loco Enamorado (2007)
 Para Bailar Y Bailar (2008)
 Sabes Que Te Quiero (2010)
 El Baile Del Indio (2013)
 El Pescador (2015)

Filmografía
 Cosa de locos (1981)
 La bailanta (1995)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del Cuarteto Imperial (Colombia)

Grupos de cumbia de Colombia
Grupos de cumbia de Argentina

Cuarteto Imperial


El desembre congelat (en español El diciembre congelado) es un villancico anónimo tradicional de la región de los países catalanes. Es de procedencia profana y existen registros de su presencia ya en el . Es uno de los villancicos más comunes de los manuscritos del . Su melodía es muy parecida a una canción de taberna francesa Quand la mer rouge apparut, la cual constaba de varias versiones entre ellas un villancico; por lo que se cree que la versión catalana podría ser una adaptación regional del  cuando prevalecía la moda francesa en Cataluña.

Existen varias versiones, algunas de ellas recopiladas por folkloristas como Milá i Fontalans en el Observaciones sobre la poesia popular, con muestras de romances catalanes inéditos de 1853, Aureli Capmany en el Cançoner popular de 1900 o Sara Llorens Carreres en el El cançoner de Pineda de 1931. El guitarrista y compositor catalán Miguel Llobet transcribió la tonada de este villancico en su opus Canciones populares catalanas bajo el título La nit de Nadal.

Letra

Referencias

Villancicos

El desembre congelat


William Wirt Culbertson (* 22. September 1835 bei Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania; † 31. Oktober 1911 in Oxford, Ohio) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1883 und 1885 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Noch in seiner Kindheit kam William Culbertson mit seinen Eltern nach Kentucky, wo er die öffentlichen Schulen besuchte. Danach wurde er in der Eisenverarbeitungsbranche tätig. Während des Bürgerkrieges diente er bis 1864 als Offizier im Heer der Union. Bei seinem Ausscheiden aus dem Militärdienst hatte er den Rang eines Hauptmanns erreicht. Nach dem Krieg begann Culbertson als Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn. Im Jahr 1870 wurde er Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Kentucky. Im Jahr 1873 saß er im Staatssenat. Zwischen 1876 und 1884 nahm er als Delegierter an den jeweiligen Republican National Conventions teil. Von 1882 bis 1883 amtierte er als Bürgermeister der Stadt Ashland.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1882 wurde Culbertson im neunten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1883 die Nachfolge von John D. White antrat. Bis zum 3. März 1885 konnte er eine Legislaturperiode im Kongress absolvieren. Nach seinem Ausscheiden aus dem US-Repräsentantenhaus zog sich William Culbertson wieder aus der Politik zurück und widmete sich seinen privaten Angelegenheiten. Er starb am 31. Oktober 1911 in Oxford und wurde in Ashland beigesetzt.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied des Senats von Kentucky
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Kentucky
Bürgermeister (Ashland, Kentucky)
Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1835
Gestorben 1911
Mann

William Wirt Culbertson