Linda Darnell (born Monetta Eloyse Darnell; October 16, 1923 – April 10, 1965) was an American actress. Darnell progressed from modeling as a child to acting in theater and film. At the encouragement of her mother, she made her first film in 1939, and appeared in supporting roles in big-budget films for 20th Century Fox throughout the 1940s. She co-starred with Tyrone Power in adventure films, and established a main character career after her role in Forever Amber (1947). She won critical acclaim for her work in Unfaithfully Yours (1948) and A Letter to Three Wives (1949).

Early life
Darnell was born in Dallas, Texas, as one of four children (excluding her mother's two children from an earlier marriage) to postal clerk Calvin Roy Darnell and the former Margaret "Pearl" Brown. One of her maternal great-grandparents was Cherokee. She was the younger sister of Undeen and the older sister of Monte Maloya and Calvin Roy, Jr.. Her parents were not happily married, and she grew up as a shy and reserved girl in a house of domestic turmoil. Starting at an early age, her mother, Pearl, had big plans for Darnell in the entertainment industry. She believed that Linda was her only child with potential as an actress and ignored the rearing of her other children.

According to her siblings, Darnell enjoyed the limelight and shared her mother's dream. Darnell once said, "Mother really shoved me along, spotting me in one contest after another. I had no great talent, and I didn't want to be a movie star particularly, but Mother had always wanted it for herself, and I guess she attained it through me." One elocution teacher recalled: "[Darnell] didn't stand out particularly, except that she was so sweet and considerate. In her theater work, she wasn't outstanding, but her mother was right behind her everywhere she went."

Unlike her husband, Pearl had a notorious reputation in the neighborhood of being "aggressive" or "downright mean." Despite some financial problems, Darnell insisted that she had had a joyful childhood and loving parents. Darnell was a model by the age of 11 and was acting on the stage by the age of 13. She initially started modeling to earn money for the household and performed mostly in beauty contests.

Before leaving school for Hollywood, Darnell was a student at Sunset High School, which she entered in September 1937, majoring in Spanish and art. She did not have a lot in common with her peers and usually spent her time at home as a teen, working under the guidance of her mother. In 1936, she entered the Dallas Little Theater and was cast in the southwestern premiere of Murder in the Cathedral. The same year, she was hired as one of the hostesses at the Texas Centennial Exposition.

In November 1937, a talent scout for 20th Century Fox arrived in Dallas looking for new faces. Encouraged by her mother, Darnell met him, and after a few months he invited her for a screen test in Hollywood. Arriving in California alongside Mary Healy and Dorris Bowdon in February 1938, Darnell initially was rejected by film studios and was sent home because she was declared "too young."

Career beginnings
Although originally wanting to become an actress on the stage, Darnell was featured in a Gateway to Hollywood talent search and initially landed a contract at RKO Pictures. There was no certainty, though, and she soon returned to Dallas. When 20th Century-Fox offered her a part, Darnell wanted to accept, but RKO was unwilling to release her. Nevertheless, by age 15 she was signed to a contract at 20th Century-Fox and moved to a small apartment in Hollywood all alone on April 5, 1939. With production beginning in April 1939, she was featured in her first film, Hotel for Women (1939), which had newspapers immediately hailing her as the newest star of Hollywood. Loretta Young was originally assigned to play the role, but she demanded a salary which the studio would not give her. Darryl F. Zanuck instead cast Darnell "because he felt that the name would advertise her beauty and suggest a Latin quality that matched her coloring."

Although only 15 at the time, Darnell posed as a 17-year-old and was listed as 19 years old by the studio. According to columnist Louella O. Parsons, Darnell was "so young, so immature and so naive in her ideas" and was very loyal to her boss, Darryl F. Zanuck. Her true age came out later in 1939, and she became one of the few actresses under the age of 16 to serve as leading ladies in films. While working on Hotel for Women, Darnell was cast alongside Henry Fonda and Claudette Colbert in Drums Along the Mohawk (1939) in June 1939. She was later replaced because the studio felt her role was not important enough. In an interview during production of Hotel for Women, which lasted until June, Darnell admitted that movie making was not what she expected: "I'm learning what really hard work is. At home in Dallas I used to sprawl on the lawn and dream about the nice, easy time the screen stars must be having in Hollywood, but the last two months have taught me quite another story."

Since the beginning of her career at 20th Century-Fox, Darnell had been very positive about her frequent co-star Tyrone Power. In a 1939 interview, she expressed her interest in starring opposite Power in Johnny Apollo (1940). Rationalizing why she was not cast, Darnell said: "It's a man's part and the girl's role is only incidental." Dorothy Lamour was cast, instead. Nevertheless, Darnell had her way, as she was assigned to the female lead opposite Power in the light romantic comedy Day-Time Wife (1939). Although the film received only slightly favorable reviews, Darnell's performance was received positively, with one critic saying: "Despite her apparent youth, [Darnell] turns in an outstanding performance when playing with popular players." Another critic wrote: "little Linda is not only a breath-taking eyeful, but a splendid actress, as well." Life magazine stated that Darnell appeared to be 22 and was "the most physically perfect girl in Hollywood". Following the film's release, she was cast in the drama comedy Star Dust in December 1939. The film was hailed as one of the "most original entertainment idea[s] in years" and boosted Darnell's popularity, who was nicknamed "Hollywood's loveliest and most exciting star". Variety said: "Miss Darnell displays a wealth of youthful charm and personality that confirms studio efforts to build her to a draw personality." Her studio contract had been revised to allow Darnell to earn $200 a week.

Stardom

After appearing in several small films, Darnell was cast in her first big-budget film in May 1940, appearing again opposite Tyrone Power in Brigham Young (1940), which was shot on location in mid 1940 and was regarded as the most expensive film 20th Century Fox had yet produced. Darnell and Power were cast together for the second time owing to the box office success of Day-Time Wife, and they became a highly publicized onscreen couple, which prompted Darryl F. Zanuck to add 18 more romantic scenes to Brigham Young. The film's director, Henry Hathaway, in later life had only slight memories of Darnell but recalled that "a sweeter girl never lived." By June 1940, shortly after completing Brigham Young, Darnell earned "a weekly salary larger than most bank officials."

In the summer of 1940, Darnell began working on The Mark of Zorro (1940), in which she again co-starred as Power's sweetheart in a role for which Anne Baxter was previously considered. A big-budget adventure film that was raved over by the critics, The Mark of Zorro was a box office sensation and did much to enhance Darnell's star status. Afterwards, she was paired with Henry Fonda for the first time in the western Chad Hanna (1940), her first Technicolor film. The film received only moderate attention, unlike Darnell's next film, Blood and Sand (1941), which was shot on location in Mexico and in which she was reunited with Power. It was the first film for which she was widely critically acclaimed. Nevertheless, Darnell later claimed that her downfall began after Blood and Sand. In an interview she said:

The studio was unable to find Darnell suitable roles. In late 1940, Fox chose her for the main role in Song of the Islands (1942), a Hawaiian musical film which eventually starred Betty Grable. After Blood and Sand, she was set to co-star with Claudette Colbert in Remember the Day (1941), but another actress was eventually cast. Meanwhile, she was considered for the female lead in Swamp Water (1941), but Anne Baxter was later assigned the role. Darnell was disappointed and felt rejected; she later said: "Right under your very nose someone else is brought in for that prize part you wanted so terribly." Months passed by without any work, and in August 1941 she was cast in a supporting role in the musical Rise and Shine (1941). The film was a setback in her career, and she was rejected for a later role because she refused to respond to Darryl F. Zanuck's advances. Instead, she contributed to the war effort, working for the Red Cross and selling war bonds. She was also a regular at the Hollywood Canteen.

Professional setbacks
In early 1942, Darnell filmed The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe, another film that would not do much to advance her career. Meanwhile, she realized that Darryl F. Zanuck had lost interest in her, and she was overlooked for most film roles that suited her. Instead, she was cast in roles that she loathed, including the musical Orchestra Wives (1942). Zanuck insisted that she take the role, but she was replaced by Ann Rutherford after 12 days of shooting. The press reported that "Linda Darnell and Twentieth Century-Fox aren't on the best of terms at the moment." As a punishment, she was loaned out to another studio for a supporting role in a B movie called City Without Men (1943). According to co-star Rosemary DeCamp, Darnell nevertheless was "very polite", and she was satisfied to work at a studio which did not treat her as a child. In April 1943, she was put on suspension, which meant being replaced in the Technicolor musical film The Gang's All Here (1943). By this time, Darnell had eloped, which caused Zanuck to be even more furious.

In 1943, she was cast, uncredited, as the Virgin Mary in The Song of Bernadette. By late 1943, Darnell was fed up with critics only praising her beauty rather than her acting abilities. Judging her performance in Sweet and Low-Down (1944), in which she co-starred with Lynn Bari, one critic of the Los Angeles Examiner wrote, "Lynn comes off the best because she has more of a chance to shine. Linda just doesn't have enough to do—but looks beautiful doing it." Darnell was reduced to second leads and was overlooked for big-budget productions. Matters changed when she was named one of the four most beautiful women in Hollywood along with Hedy Lamarr, Ingrid Bergman, and Gene Tierney in a 1944 edition of Look. Afterwards, the studio allowed her to be loaned out for the lead in Summer Storm. Portraying a "seductive peasant girl who takes three men to their ruin before she herself is murdered," it was a type of role she had never before played. In a later interview, Darnell commented:
I was told that such a violent change of type might ruin my career, but I insisted on taking the chance. [...] This is one picture on which I am setting much store for the future. For eighteen months I did nothing in pictures. I pleaded for something to do, but nothing happened. The character in the Chekhov film is a wild sort of she-devil, which any actress would go miles to play. She's devil mostly—at times angelic—and perfectly fascinating to interpret. I'm counting on my Russian girl to give me a new start.

Released in 1944, the film provided her a new screen image as a pin-up girl. Shortly after, Darnell was again loaned out to portray a showgirl in The Great John L., the first film to feature her bare legs. Darnell complained that the studio lacked recognition of her, which prodded Zanuck to cast her in Hangover Square (1945), wherein she played a role she personally had chosen. The film became a great success, and with Darnell's triumph assured, she was allowed to abandon her upcoming film, Don Juan Quilligan (1945), which would have been another low point in her career. In January 1945, she was added to the cast of the film noir Fallen Angel (1945), which also included Dana Andrews and Alice Faye. Despite suffering from the "terrifying" director Otto Preminger, Darnell completed the film and was praised by reviewers so widely that there was even talk of an Oscar nomination. Because of her success in Fallen Angel, she was cast opposite Tyrone Power in Captain from Castile in December 1945 on the insistence of Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Although she looked forward to the film project, believing it would be her most important to date, she was later replaced by newcomer Jean Peters owing to scheduling conflicts, a decision she resented.

In 1946, Darnell filmed two pictures simultaneously, the expensively budgeted Anna and the King of Siam and Preminger's Centennial Summer. During the release of the latter, she was on location in Monument Valley for the filming of the John Ford Western My Darling Clementine (1946), playing a role for which she lost 12 pounds. She was assigned to a negligible role by Zanuck, which displeased Ford, who felt that she was not suitable.

Renewed success

In 1946, Darnell won the starring role in the highly anticipated movie Forever Amber, based on a bestselling historical novel that was denounced as being immoral at that time. The character Amber was so named because of her hair color, and this is the only major film in which Darnell—normally known for her raven hair and somewhat Latin looks—appears as a redhead. It was the most expensive film so far produced by Fox, and publicity at the time compared the novel to Gone with the Wind. Darnell replaced British actress Peggy Cummins in July 1946 at a cost of $350,000. Because $1 million had already been spent on production costs when Darnell was brought in, the pressure was intense to make the film a financial success. Her casting was a result of a campaign for stronger roles. Regardless, she was surprised to find out that she had been cast, because she had been intensively rehearsing for Captain from Castile at the time. Although she had to give up that role and work with Otto Preminger, she was delighted to play the title role and thought she was "the luckiest girl in Hollywood."

The search for the actress to portray Amber, a beauty who uses men to make her fortune in 17th century England, was modeled on the extensive process that led to the casting of Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara. Production demanded a lot from Darnell. She was again put on a diet and was assigned to a voice coach to learn how to speak with an English accent. In addition, she spent hours in fittings for costume changes. Darnell was certain that Forever Amber would be her ticket to stardom, and she told reporters:
My first seven years in Hollywood were a series of discouraging struggles for me. For a while it looked as though the Darnell-versus-Hollywood tussle was going to find Darnell coming out second best. The next seven years aren't going to be the same.

Darnell worked long hours at the studio during filming, and according to her older sister she started loathing Preminger, which did not ease production. This and the heavy dieting resulted in exhaustion and a serious illness in November 1946. Her shooting schedule lasted until March 1947, and she collapsed on the set twice. Forever Amber did not live up to its hype, and although it became a success at the box office, most reviewers agreed that the film was a disappointment. Darnell was disappointed in the film's reception; it did not gain her the recognition she desired.

The following year, Darnell portrayed Daphne de Carter in the Preston Sturges' comedy Unfaithfully Yours (1948), also starring Rex Harrison, and was then rushed into production as one of the three wives in the comedy/drama A Letter to Three Wives (1949). Darnell's hard-edged performance in the latter won her unanimous acclaim and the best reviews of her career. Darnell became one of the most in-demand actresses in Hollywood, and she now had the freedom to select her own roles. She longed for the leading role in the controversial film Pinky (1949), but Zanuck feared that her character would be compared to Amber by the audience, and A Letter to Three Wives co-star Jeanne Crain was cast instead.

Darnell had been widely expected to win an Academy Award nomination for A Letter to Three Wives; when this did not happen, her career began to wane. She was cast opposite Richard Widmark and Veronica Lake in Slattery's Hurricane (1949), which she perceived as a step down from the level she had reached with A Letter to Three Wives, though it did well at the box office.

Later career
Aside from her co-starring role opposite Richard Widmark, Stephen McNally and Sidney Poitier in the noir No Way Out (1950), directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, which she later called "the only good picture I ever made," her later films were rarely noteworthy, and her appearances were increasingly sporadic. Further hampering Darnell's career was the actress's alcoholism and weight gain. Her next film was a Western, Two Flags West (1950). Due to her allergy to horses, she loathed making Westerns, and in addition to her complaints about her "colorless" role, she disliked her co-stars Joseph Cotten and Cornel Wilde. She was even less enthusiastic about her next film, The 13th Letter (1951), which reunited her with Preminger, and she only took the role because it was an unglamorous one. Shortly after its release, she was put on suspension for refusing a role in the film The Guy Who Came Back (1951) opposite Paul Douglas and Joan Bennett because it felt "too similar." She later consented to take on the glamor role, but she refused to bleach her hair for it.

On March 21, 1951, Darnell signed a new contract with 20th Century Fox that allowed her to become a freelance actress. Her first film outside 20th Century-Fox was The Lady Pays Off for Universal-International (1951) after Douglas Sirk requested her for the lead role. She was responsible for putting the film behind schedule because on the fifth day of shooting she learned that Ivan Kahn, the man responsible for her breakthrough, had died. After The Lady Pays Off, Darnell headed the cast of Saturday Island (1952), which was filmed on location in Jamaica in late 1951. There, Darnell fell ill and had to be quarantined for several weeks. Because her contract required her to make one film a year for the studio, she reported to the 20th Century-Fox lot in March 1952 and was cast in the film noir Night Without Sleep (1952). It was the only time that she had to live up to this part of her contract, although she was released from it in September 1952.

This news initially excited Darnell because it permitted her to focus on her film career in Europe. She soon realized, though, that the ease and protection enjoyed under contract was gone, and she came to resent 20th Century-Fox and Zanuck:
Suppose you'd been earning $4,000 to $5,000 a week for years. Suddenly you were fired and no one would hire you at any figure remotely comparable to your previous salary. I thought in a little while I'd get offers from other studios, but not many came along. The only thing I knew how to do was be a movie star. No one expects to last forever in this business. You know that sooner or later the studio's going to let you go. But who wants to be retired at twenty-nine?

Before traveling to Italy for a two-picture deal with Giuseppe Amato, Darnell was rushed into the production of Blackbeard the Pirate (1952), which—much to Darnell's distress—got far behind schedule. She arrived in Italy in August 1952 and started filming Angels of Darkness (1954) in February of the next year. The second collaboration proved disastrous, and the next film was never released in the United States. Owing to a delay in the middle of production, she was sent back to Hollywood and there accepted an offer from Howard Hughes to star in RKO's 3-D film Second Chance (1953), filmed in Mexico. Afterwards, she flew back to Rome to complete Angels of Darkness, in which she spoke Italian. Upon returning to New York, she was under the misunderstanding that she would portray the title role in Mankiewicz's The Barefoot Contessa (1954), believing that the role could carry her to dramatic heights. Through trade papers, she learned that Ava Gardner assumed the part.

Because of her then-husband, Philip Liebmann (grandson of Charles Liebmann of Rheingold Breweries), Darnell put her career on hiatus. She returned to 20th Century-Fox in August 1955, by which time the studio had entered the television field. Darnell was eager to appear on Ronald Reagan's General Electric Theater. In 1958, Darnell appeared in the episode "Kid on a Calico Horse" of NBC's Cimarron City along with a cast of other guest stars, including Edgar Buchanan. That same year, she held the guest-starring role of Dora Gray, first in "The Dora Gray Story", then reappeared as Mrs. Dora Gray Fogleberry in S1 E39 "The Sacramento Story" on NBC's Wagon Train.

In addition to television, Darnell returned to the stage. Her last work as an actress was in a stage production in Atlanta in early 1965. (At the time of her death a few months later, she was preparing to perform in another play.)

Personal life
Since Darnell was underage when she arrived in Hollywood, she was tutored on set. She planned on attending graduation ceremonies at Sunset High School, but she was excluded from them and instead graduated from University High School in 1941. Her work schedules prohibited her from enrolling in a university. She is a Member of the Sunset High School Hall of Fame.

In 1940, during the shooting of Star Dust, Darnell for a short time dated teen idol Mickey Rooney. Her first love was Jaime Jorba, an Hispanic youth whom she met while still in high school. They met again during production of Blood and Sand, but they drifted apart when Jorba announced he could not marry a girl who was in the public eye. Starting at age 17, Darnell dated her publicity agent, Alan Gordon, whom she allegedly married in a double wedding with Lana Turner and Joseph Stephen Crane on July 17, 1942. The report turned out to be false, and over the years Darnell became known as "filmland's most eligible bachelorette." Up to 1942, she dated Kay Kyser, Eddie Albert, George Montgomery, and Jackie Cooper, among others. At one point, she was set to elope with talent agent Vic Orsatti, only to report later that she was "concentrating on [her] career."

Although a well-loved figure on the 20th Century-Fox lot among the cast, crew, and lot workers, it was reported that Darnell made only one good friend in Hollywood, actress-singer Ann Miller, whom she met at a Catalina Island benefit. Darnell was very negative about the Hollywood social scene, finding it "nauseating". During her stay in Hollywood, her relationship with her mother, Pearl, worsened, as her mother was an unpopular figure on the lot because of her overbearing and possessive behavior. In 1940, Pearl accused her husband of having an incestuous relationship with Evelyn, one of her children, though he was not Evelyn's biological father. Following an intense fight between her parents in 1942, Darnell left home with her younger sister Monte and never returned. Out of spite, Pearl turned to the press, which gained Darnell some bad publicity.

In 1942, Darnell was plagued with extortion letters from an unknown person threatening her with bodily harm unless $2,000 was paid immediately. The studio asked the FBI to protect the actress, and eventually a 17-year-old high school student was arrested for the crime.

On April 18, 1943, at age 19, Darnell eloped with 42-year-old cameraman Peverell Marley in Las Vegas. Darnell and Marley started seeing each other in 1940, and the press dismissed him as her "devoted friend and escort." Most friends and relatives, including her parents, and 20th Century-Fox disapproved of the marriage, and Darnell was believed to look at Marley more as a father figure than as a romantic interest. Marley was a heavy drinker and introduced Darnell to alcohol in 1944, which eventually led to an addiction and weight problems. Neighbors and acquaintances recalled the drastic change she underwent in this period, becoming hardened and hot-
tempered. In 1946, during production of Centennial Summer, she repeatedly met with Howard Hughes. Although she initially disregarded gossip of an affair, she fell in love with the womanizing millionaire and separated from Marley shortly after finishing My Darling Clementine. When Hughes announced that he had no desire to marry her, Darnell returned to her husband and cancelled divorce proceedings. Shortly after the reunion, her health worsened, caused by the tough production of Forever Amber (1947).

Because Darnell and Marley were unable to have children, they adopted a daughter in 1948, Charlotte Mildred "Lola" Marley (born January 5, 1948), the actress's only child. She also planned to adopt a boy within a few years, but nothing ever came of it. In mid 1948, she became romantically involved with Joseph L. Mankiewicz, the director of A Letter to Three Wives, and in July 1948 she filed for divorce. Mankiewicz, however, was unwilling to leave his wife for Darnell, and though the affair continued for six years, she returned to her husband. Though she called him the "great love of her life," Mankiewicz never acknowledged the affair; he only mentioned her to his biographer as a "marvelous girl with very terrifying personal problems." In 1949, Darnell went into psychotherapy for hostile emotions that she had been building since childhood. Darnell's romance with Mankiewicz influenced her personal life. When he left in late 1949 for on-location shooting of All About Eve (1950), Darnell fell into a depression and almost committed suicide. She continued to meet with him occasionally until production of The Barefoot Contessa (1954) started.

On January 25, 1949, Darnell went to court to sue her former business manager, Cy Tanner, for fraud. She testified that he stole $7,250 from her between 1946 and 1947, and Tanner was eventually sent to prison. On July 19, 1950, Darnell reportedly separated from her husband. Marley offered a quiet settlement—without mention of Mankiewicz—for a payment of $125,000. She agreed and lost almost all her money. When she filed for divorce from Marley in 1951, she accused her husband of cruelty, claiming he was "rude" and "critical" towards Darnell and her family. Following a five-minute hearing, Darnell was granted a divorce and custody of Charlotte, while Marley was to pay $75 a month for child support.

In her later life, she dated actor Dick Paxton and had an affair with Italian director Giuseppe Amato. She married brewery heir Philip Liebmann in February 1954. Owing to her lack of interest in him physically, it was agreed that the marriage would be a business arrangement: she was to be his wife in name only and in return he would support her financially. After a while, she grew dissatisfied with this loveless marriage and detested her husband for allowing her to lash out at him as well as cheapening her by buying her lavish presents. In response, Darnell resorted to charity work, opening facilities accommodating 30 girls in the neighborhood of Rome in 1955. Liebmann attempted to save the marriage by adopting a baby named Alfreda, but the marriage ended nevertheless on grounds of incompatibility, and Liebmann kept the girl.

Darnell was married to pilot Merle Roy Robertson from 1957 to 1963. In 1957, she started drinking heavily and in November 1958 sank into a depression, but went into rehab, recovering for a while. In 1963, Darnell was granted a divorce from Robertson following an outburst in the courtroom, where she accused her third husband of fathering the baby of a Polish actress. She was promised alimony of $350 monthly until July 15, 1964, and then $250 until September 15, 1967.

Death
Darnell died on April 10, 1965, from burns that she had received in a house fire in Glenview, Illinois, early the day before. She had been staying at the home of her former secretary and the secretary's daughter and had just received notice from her agent of three possible movie contracts. She was trapped on the second floor of the home by heat and smoke, as the fire had started in the living room.

The women urged the secretary's daughter to jump from the second-floor window. After her daughter jumped, Darnell's secretary stood on the window ledge, calling for help. She had lost track of Darnell and insisted that the firefighters rescue Darnell before she was taken from the window ledge. Darnell was found next to the burning living-room sofa and was transferred to the burn unit at Chicago's Cook County Hospital with burns over 80% of her body.

After her death, a man who said that he was Darnell's fiancé identified her body. A coroner's inquest ruled that Darnell's death was accidental and that the fire had begun in or near the living-room sofa and was caused by careless smoking; both adult women were smokers.

Darnell's body was cremated; she had wanted her ashes scattered over a ranch in New Mexico, but because of a dispute with the landowners that was not possible. After the remains had been in storage for ten years, her daughter asked that they be interred at the Union Hill Cemetery, Chester County, Pennsylvania, in the family plot of her son-in-law.

Recognition
Darnell has a star at 1631 Vine Street in the Motion Pictures section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Filmography

Radio appearances

References

Further reading
 Dye, David (1988). Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914–1985. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.

External links

 Photographs and literature

1923 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th Century Studios contract players
Accidental deaths in Illinois
Actresses from Dallas
American people who self-identify as being of Cherokee descent
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Deaths from fire in the United States
Western (genre) film actresses
Liebmann family

Linda Darnell


An Haworthia akaonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni M. Hayashi. An Haworthia akaonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Haworthia, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Haworthia

Haworthia akaonii


An Dipodium purpureum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johannes Jacobus Smith. An Dipodium purpureum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dipodium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dipodium

Dipodium purpureum


Akiko Akazome (jap. , Akazome Akiko; * 31. Oktober 1974 in der Präfektur Kyōto; † 18. September 2017 in Uji (Kyōto)) war eine japanische Schriftstellerin.

Leben
Akazomo studierte deutsche Sprache und Literatur an der Universität Kyōto. Sie gewann 2004 den Preis der Literaturzeitschrift Bungakukai und arbeitete seitdem als professionelle Schriftstellerin. Für den Roman Otome no mikkoku () erhielt sie 2010 den Akutagawa-Preis. Am 18. September 2017 starb Akiko Akazome in Uji (Kyōto) im Alter von 42 Jahren.

Quellen
La Littérature Japonaise - Akazome Akiko
buch.ch - Otome No Mikkoku

Weblinks
 Auszeichnung der japanischen Schriftstellerinnen Akiko Akazome und Kyoko Nakajima Foto auf der Webseite der Britannica

Autor
Roman, Epik
Literatur (Japanisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Japaner
Geboren 1974
Gestorben 2017
Frau

Akiko Akazome


කොන්සලේෂන් ඔෆ් ෆිලෝසෆි () යනු බෝතියස් විසින් වසර 524දී පමණ ලියන ලද දර්ශන විද්‍යාත්මක කෘතියකි.  මධ්‍යතන සහ මුල් පුනරුද ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මය පිළිබඳ අපරදිගෙහි පළවුනු අතිශයින් වැදගත් සහ ආභාෂයාත්මක කෘතිය සහ සම්භාව්‍ය යැයි නම් කළ හැකි අවසන් මහා අපරදිග කෘතිය ලෙසින් එය විස්තර කර ඇත .

දර්ශන විද්‍යාවේ සැනසිල්ල

දර්ශන විද්‍යාවේ සැනසිල්ල ලියන ලද්දේ නඩු විභාගය වන තෙක් සිරගතව සිටි වසරක කාලයක් තුළ දීය. අවසානයේ භයංකර නඩු තීන්දුවක් ඔස්ට්‍රොගොතික් රජු වූ තියොඩරික් ද ග්‍රේට් විසින් ඔහුට දෙන ලදී. බෝතියස්, රෝමයෙහි බලයෙන් ඉතා ඉහළින් සිටි අතර රාජද්‍රෝහී වීමෙන් බලයෙන් පහළට ඇද වැටුණි. සතුටේ හා දෙවියන්ගේ ස්වභාවය සැලකිල්ලට ගනිමින්, දෙවියන් පාලනය කරන ලෝකයෙහි අකුසලයන් පවතින ආකාරය (දේව යුක්තිවාදයේ ගැටළුව ) සහ අස්ථිර වූ වාසනාවක් අතරෙහි පවා සතුට ලබාගත හැකි ආකාරය ආනුභවික එම අත්දැකීම් ඇතුළත් ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි ඇතුළත් වේ.

දෙවියන් බොහෝ විට සම්බන්ධ කොට තිබුණත් මෙය දැඩි ලෙස ආගමට නැඹුරු වූ ග්‍රන්ථයක් නොවේ. ජේසුස් වහන්සේට හෝ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මයට හෝ වෙනත් ආගමකට හෝ සම්බන්ධ නොකළත් එම සම්බන්ධය ඇතැයි බොහෝ විට උපකල්පනය කරයි. දෙවියන්, අමරණීය හා සියල්ල දන්නා කෙනෙකු ලෙස පමණක් නොව සෑම යහපතකම උල්පත ලෙස පෙනී සිටී.

බෝතියස් විසින් ග්‍රන්ථය ලියන ලද්දේ, ඔහු සහ කාන්තා දර්ශන වාදය අතර සංවාදයක් ලෙසයි. ඇය කීර්තියේ හා සමෘධියේ අස්ථිර ස්වභාවය පිළිබඳ බෝතියස් සමඟ සාකච්ඡා කරමින් ඔහුව සනසන ලදී. ("වාසනාව විසින් යමෙකු අත්හරින තෙක් ඔහු කිසිදිනෙක සැබෑ ලෙස ආරක්ෂිත නොවේ."), මනසෙහි පරම ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨත්වය "එකම සැබෑ යහපත" යැයි ඇය විසින් හඳුන්වයි.සතුට පැමිණෙන්නේ එමඟින් බවත් යමෙකුට සැබෑ ලෙස ඇත්තේ ඔහුගේ දැහැමි බව පමණක් බවත් ඇය තරයේ කියා සිටින්නේ වාසනාවේ අස්ථිර බවෙන් එය විනාශ නොවන නිසාවෙනි.

බෝතියස්, දෛවයේ ස්වභාවය හා නිදහස් කැමැත්ත, අයහපත් මිනිසුන්ට යහපත සිදුවීමට හේතුව සහ යහපත් මිනිසුන් විනාශයට පත්වීමට හේතුව , මනුෂ්‍ය ස්වභාවය, දැහැමි බව සහ යුක්තිය වැනි දෑ පිළිබඳ ප්‍රශ්න කිරීම් සිදු කරනලදී.දෙවියන් සියල්ල දන්නේ දැයි හෝ සියල්ල පෙනෙන්නේ දැයි හෝ මිනිසාට නිදහස් කැමැත්ත තිබේදැයි ඔහු විමසන විට, ඔහු නිදහස් කැමැත්තේ ස්වභාවය, නියති වාදයට එදිරිව කතා කරන ලදී. උපුටා දැක්වීමක් ලෙස බෝතියස් හි වී.ඊ. වොට්ස්, දෙවියන් අශ්ව කරත්ත තරඟයක් නරඹන ප්‍රේක්ෂකයෙක් වැනි යැයි කියා තිබේ. ඔහු රියදුරු සිදුකරන ක්‍රියාව බලා සිටී. නමුත් එය ඔවුන්ට බලපෑමක් සිදු නොවේ. බෝතියස් පවසන ආකාරයට මිනිසා ස්වභාවයෙන්ම යහපත් වන අතර පාපකර්මයක් සිදුකළවිට සතුන්ගේ තත්වයට පත්වේ. යුක්තිය මත, ඔහු කියන ආකාරයට අපරාධ වැරදි ලෙස යෙදවිය යුතු නොවේ. කරුණාවෙන් හා ගෞරවයෙන් සැළකිය යුත්තකි.පැමිණිල්ල මෙහෙය වන්නා සහ අපරාධකරු අතර පැවතිය යුත්තේ වෛද්‍යවරයා සහ රෝගියා අතර පවතින සම්බන්ධතාවයට ප්‍රතිසම වන සබැඳියාවකි.

මෙම ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි, බෝතියස් ආගමික ප්‍රශ්න සඳහා ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මයට සම්බන්ධ නොවී දර්ශන වාදය හා සම්භාව්‍ය ග්‍රීක සම්ප්‍රදාය මත පමණක් පිහිටා පිළිතුරු සපයන ලදී.භක්තිය හා හේතුව අතර සමඟියක් ඇති බව ඔහු විශ්වාස කළේය. ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මයෙන් සොයාගත් සත්‍යයන් සහ දර්ශන වාදයෙන් සොයාගත් සත්‍යයන් අතර වෙනසක් නොමැත. හෙන්රි චැඩ්වික් පවසා ඇත්තේ, " ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මයට විශේෂ වූ යමක් සැනසිල්ලෙහි අන්තර්ගත වී නැත්නම් එහි අන්තර්ගතයක් ද නොමැති අතර විශේෂයෙන් මිත්‍යාදෘෂ්ටිකයා ප්ලතෝනිකවාදියෙක් වුවත් ඔහු ක්‍රිස්තියානිකයෙකි. නමුත් එය ක්‍රිස්තියානික ක්‍රියාවක් නොවේ.

බලපෑම

කැරොලින්ගියන් යුගයේ සිට මධ්‍ය යුගයේ හා ඉන් එපිට අවසානය දක්වා, යුරෝපයෙහි සමෘද්ධිමත් සාහිත්‍යයෙහි ඉතා පුළුල් ලෙස අනුගමනය කරන ලද කාර්යය විය. රාජතාන්ත්‍රිකයන්, කවියන්, ඉතිහාසඥයන් මෙන්ම දාර්ශනිකයන් සහ දේවධර්මධරයන් විසින් කියවන ලද ඉතාමත් ප්‍රසිද්ධ සහ බලගතු දාර්ශනික ක්‍රියාවක් විය. බෝතියස් විසින් අපරදිග මධ්‍යකාලීන ලෝකයට සම්භාව්‍ය යුගයෙහි සිතිවිලි ඇතිකර දෙන ලදී. බෝතියස්, "අවසාන රෝමානුවා සහ පළමු ශාස්ත්‍රඥයා ලෙස බොහෝ විට සැලකේ.

මධ්‍ය යුගයේ ආගමික භක්තිය, ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි දාර්ශනික පණිවුඩය සමඟ මනාව ගැලපේ. මුදල්, බලය වැනි ලෝකයෙහි භාණ්ඩ සෙවීමෙන් වැළකී අභ්‍යන්තරික දැහැමි බව සෙවීමට පාඨකයන් පොළඹවන ලදී. යහපත වෙනස් කිරීමට උදව් කිරීමේ ආදර්ශයක් සැපයීමට අරමුණක් අකුසලයට තිබුණි. අකුසලයෙන් පෙළෙන අතරතුරේ, දැහැමි ලෙස පෙනෙන්නට වුණි. ප්‍රේමයෙන් මුළු විශ්වයම පවතින්නට දෙවියන් නියම කොට ඇත. දෙවියන් යදින්නා සහ ප්‍රේමයෙහි යෙදීම සැබෑ සතුටට මඟ පෙන්වන්නෙකි. ද කොන්සලේෂන්ස් ඔෆ් ෆිලෝසෆි හි අර්ථය, එහි දෛව වාදයේ කරුණු හා එහි නිහතමානී ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මය සමඟ සම්බන්ධකමින් පෙන්වයි.

සටහන්

කොන්සලේෂන් ඔෆ් ෆිලෝසෆි


Daraa (, cunoscut și ca Darʿā, Dara'a, Deraa, Dera'a, Dera, Derʿā și Edrei) este reședința guvernoratului Daraadin sud-vestul Siriei.

Geografie
Darʿā este situat la 350 m înălțime, în regiunea istorică Hauran, la aproximativ 100 km sud de Damasc, pe autostrada Damasc-Amman și este folosit ca stație de oprire pentru călători, la aproximativ 5 km nord de granița cu Iordania. Localitățile din apropiere sunt: Umm al-Mayazen și  Nasib la sud-est, al-Naimeh la est, Ataman, la nord, al-Yaduda spre nord-vest și Ramtha, Iordania spre sud-vest.

Istorie
Daraa este un oraș antic datând din vremea canaaniților. A fost menționat în tabletele hieroglife egiptene, în timpul lui Tutmes al III-lea între 1490 și 1436 î.Hr. În acele zile era cunoscută ca orașul Atharaa. Mai târziu a fost menționat în  Biblie ca fiind "Edrei" sau "Edre'i" (אֶדְרֶעִי), capitala Basanului, locul unei bătălii în care israeliții l-au învins pe împăratul orașului, Og. Conform tradiției evreiești, Eldad și Medad au fost îngropați în Edrei.

Referințe

Bibliografie

Legături externe

 Official Site of Daraa Governorate
 s:Encyclopaedia Biblica/Ecclesiasticus-Eglon (king)#EDREI
Map of the town, Google Maps
Deraa-map; 22L

Orașe din Siria
Orașe antice

Daraa


Stormlord je simfonijski black/power metal sastav (sama je skupina izjavila da svira "ekstremni epski metal") osnovan 1991. godine u Rimu u Italiji. Do danas je objavio šest studijskih albuma.

Povijest
Skupina je osnovana 1991. i u početku je svirala samo obrade, a prvi je demouradak snimila iduće godine. Nakon objave te demosnimke sastavu se kao drugi gitarist pridružio Andrea Cacciotti. Godine 1993. snimljen je demouradak Black Knight. Iduće je godine gitarist Claudio Di Carlo napustio Stormlord, a zamijenio ga je Dario Maurizi. Potom je grupu napustio bubnjar Riccardo Montanari, a Gabriel Valerio zauzeo je njegovo mjesto.

Godine 1995. Dario Maurizi i Gabriel Valerio također su izišli iz skupine; njezin novi bubnjar postao je Marcello Baragona, a bivši bubnjar Riccardo Montanari nakratko je svirao gitaru kao studijski glazbenik. Sastavu se pridružio i klavijaturist Fabrizio Cariani. Koncem godine Andrea Cacciotti izišao je iz sastava.

U lipnju 1996. snimljen je EP Under the Sign of the Sword, a na njemu su prisutni zborski i ženski vokali. Na njemu se skupina prestala baviti death metalom i posvetila se black metalu. Studijski glazbenik Fabban iz sastava Funeral Oration svirao je bas-gitaru na singlu "Where My Spirit Forever Shall Be". Gitaristi skupine postali su Dux Tenebrarum i Pierangelo Giglioni.

Stormlord je 1997. godine otišao na kraću turneju diljem Italije, a na talijanskom festivalu Gods of Metal nastupio je sa skupinama kao što su Overkill, Death SS i Domine, nakon čega je Dux Tenebrarum napustio sastav. Stormlord je snimio promidžbenu snimku s jednim gitaristom i poslao ju nekolicini diskografskih kuća, a na koncu je potpisao ugovor s njemačkim izdavačem Last Episode. Studijski basist Fabban izišao je iz grupe kako bi se usredotočio na svoj glavni projekt Aborym, a njegovo mjesto zauzeo je Francesco Bucci.

Budući da je Last Episode smatrao da je promidžbeni CD dobre kvalitete, odlučio ga je objaviti kao singl "Where My Spirit Forever Shall Be". U to je vrijeme Stormlord otišao na europsku turneju kao predgrupa sastavima kao što su Atrocity i Sacred Steel. U siječnju 1999. godine počeo je snimati debitantski studijski album u studiju Temple of Noise, a dovršili su ga nakon gotovo četiri mjeseca. Album je objavljen u kolovozu te godine pod imenom Supreme Art of War; nakon toga skupina je otišla na europsku turneju s novim klavijaturistom Simoneom Scazzocchiom, tijekom koje je nastupio s Gravewormom, Mystic Circleom i Suidakrom. Godine 2000. grupa je snimila EP The Curse of Medusa, koji je objavio Scarlet Records. Također je održala nekoliko koncerata i pojavila se na nekolicini festivala u Italiji s Domineom i Vision Divineom. Godine 2001. Stormlord je snimio At the Gates of Utopia i održao koncerte s grupama Ancient i Thyrane.

Godine 2002. Gianpaolo Caprino pridružio se sastavu, a iste je godine na nekolicini koncerata nastupio s Arch Enemyjem, Soulflyem i Destructionom. Dana 28. lipnja nastupio je na A Summer Day in Hellu, jednom od najvećih festivala na otvorenom, a na njemu su nastupili i Blind Guardian, Annihilator, Type O Negative, Opeth, Virgin Steele i Lacuna Coil. U travnju 2004. objavljen je uradak The Gorgon Cult. Dana 6. lipnja te godine Stormlord je nastupio na festivalu Gods of Metal s Motörheadom, Sodomom, Aliceom Cooperom, Twisted Sisterom i Judas Priestom. U ožujku 2005. sastav je održao nekoliko koncerata s Necrodeathom.

S klavijaturistom Lucom Bellanovom, koji je zamijenio Simonea Scazzocchia, grupa je 2006. godine prvi put otišla u Sjevernu Ameriku, gdje je proslavila 15. godišnjicu postojanja. Održala je tri koncerta u Kanadi. U svibnju 2008. objavljen je četvrti studijski album sastava, Mare Nostrum.

Gitarist Perangelo Giglioni napustio je skupinu u ožujku 2010. a zamijenio ga je Andrea Angelini. Peti studijski album, Hesperiju, u rujnu 2013. je godine objavio Trollzorn Records. Šesti studijski album, Far, 24. je svibnja 2019. objavio Scarlet Records; producenti tog albuma su Giuseppe Orlando iz Novembrea i klavijaturist Riccardo Studer.

Glazbeni stil i tekstovi
Zbog toga što se češće služi klavijaturama od ostalih black metal skupina, njegova glazba ima epski prizvuk nalik žanru power metala.

Velik broj njegovih pjesama bavi se epskim tematikama, među kojima su priče i likovi iz grčke mitologije (Zeus, Had, Perzefona, Prometej, Meduza, Titani) i pripovijesti o bitkama. Vokalist Cristiano Borchi služi se dvama vrstama vriskova: visokim, tipičnim za žanr black metala, i dubljim, tipičnim za death metal, kojim se često koristi tijekom refrena.

Članovi sastava

Sadašnji članovi
Cristiano Borchi – vokali (1991. – danas), bas-gitara (1991. – 1996.)
Francesco Bucci – prateći vokali, bas-gitara (1997. – danas)
David Folchitto – bubnjevi (1999. – danas)
Gianpaolo Caprino – prateći vokali, gitara, klavijature, efekti (2002. – danas)
Andrea Angelini – gitara (2010. – danas)
Riccardo Studer – klavijature (2011. – danas)

Bivši članovi
Riccardo Montanari – bubnjevi (1991. – 1994.)
Claudio Di Carlo – gitara (1991. – 1994.)
Andrea Cacciotti – gitara (1993. – 1995.)
Marcello Baragona – bubnjevi (1995. – 1999.)
Gabriel Valerio – bubnjevi (1995.)
Dario Maurizi – gitara (1995.)
Fabrizio Cariani – klavijature (1995. – 1999.)
Dux Tenebrarum – gitara (1997.)
Pierangelo Giglioni – zborski vokali, gitara (1997. – 2010.)
Raffaella Grifoni – vokali (1997.)
Simone Scazzocchio – klavijature (1999. – 2005.)
Luca Bellanova – klavijature (2005. – 2008.)

Bivši koncertni glazbenici
Maurizio Pariotti – klavijature (2008. – ?)
Giuseppe Orlando – bubnjevi (2017.)

Diskografija
Studijski albumi
Supreme Art of War (1999.)
At the Gates of Utopia (2001.)
The Gorgon Cult (2004.)
Mare Nostrum (2008.)
Hesperia (2013.)
Far (2019.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Sestrinski projekti

Mrežna mjesta
Službene stranice sastava

Talijanski sastavi heavy metala
Sastavi black metala
Sastavi simfonijskog metala
Sastavi power metala

Stormlord


En la política de Bélgica, Unionismo o Unión de oposición (en francés, unión des oppositions) fue un movimiento político que existió desde la década de 1820 a 1846.

Historia

Como movimiento, el Unionismo belga existe en el entorno de la Revolución belga de 1830, y abogaba por la unión de católicos y liberales en contra de las políticas de Guillermo I de los Países Bajos. El lema de la nueva nación, L'union fait la fuerza (La unión hace la fuerza), se refería en principio a esta unión, y no a la unión de las diferentes comunidades lingüísticas del país.

Los liberales eran al inicio muy favorables a la política laica de Guillermo I (despotismo ilustrado) pero fueron cambiando su posición, dando menos importancia a la lucha contra la influencia de la iglesia y cada vez más a las libertades políticas, que Guillermo I obstinadamente se negaba a conceder. Aquellos que seguían esta nueva tendencia eran conocidos como "liberales radicales", en contraposición a la "liberales volterianos" (voltairiens libéraux) que apoyaron el régimen absolutista ilustrado y dieron lugar al Orangismo belga.

Esta evolución permitió a los liberales radicales llegar a un acuerdo con los católicos, que estaban dispuestos a cambio a hacer ciertas concesiones en cuanto a la libertad de prensa y de religión. Desde 1825, Étienne de Gerlache llevó a cabo un intento fallido de acuerdo y reconciliación. A finales de 1827, en Lieja, el periódico católico Le Courrier de la Meuse y el liberal Mathieu Laensbergh, iniciaron un acercamiento. la unión se concluyó definitivamente el 8 de noviembre de 1828, cuando el periódico liberal bruselense Le Courrier des Pays-Bas se unió a esta postura en un artículo de Louis de Potter.

En los años posteriores a la Revolución belga, y después de la exclusión de los demócratas radicales y los republicanos (incluyendo a De Potter), la política unionista se impuso como una necesidad para seguir avanzando tras en la independencia del país. Los primeros gobiernos belgas fueron por tanto "unionistas", es decir, provenientes de la alianza de la nobleza conservadora con elementos moderados de la clase media liberal en ascenso. Esta fórmula permitió consolidar las estructuras del nuevo estado, crear instituciones políticas y judiciales estables y promover la firma de acuerdos sobre centralización, el papel de provincias y ciudades en el nuevo estado o la educación primaria.

En todo caso, el desacuerdo entre católicos y liberales fue creciendo, acerca de cuestiones como el papel del clero en la sociedad civil o la asunción, por parte del Estado, de la responsabilidad en la educación y el bienestar público. El punto de ruptura del acuerdo puede señalarse en varias fechas: una sería la firma por parte de Guillermo I del Tratado de los XXIV artículos en 1839. El unionismo terminó finalmente con la fundación de la Partido Liberal en 1846 y el primer gobierno sostenido por dicho partido al año siguiente. El partido católico fue creándose gradualmente en respuesta y Bélgica fue gobernada por ejecutivos monocolores de uno u otro de esos dos partidos hasta que el crecimiento del socialismo belga le llevó al poder tras la institución del sufragio universal en 1948.

Unionistas belgas

 Joseph Lebeau
 Pierre de Decker
 Louis De Potter
 Étienne de Sauvage
 Félix de Muelenaere
 Étienne de Gerlache
 Goswin de Stassart
 Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt
 Paul Devaux
 Jean-Baptiste Nothomb
 Leopoldo I de Bélgica

Referencias

Historia política de Bélgica

Unionismo (Bélgica)


Alice Neto de Sousa (Lisboa, 1993 - ) é uma poeta e dizedora de poesia. É a autora do poema "Março", escolhido para inaugurar as comemorações do 50º aniversário do 25 de Abril.

Biografia
Alice Neto de Sousa nasceu em 1993, na antiga freguesia de São Sebastião da Pedreira, em Lisboa, tendo raízes angolanas. Relata que começou a escrever poesia algures entre a transição de criança para adolescente, usando a poesia como uma "forma de lidar com os problemas e inquietações". Já durante a licenciatura, manteve um blogue focado em séries e filmes; também escreveu textos de crítica cultural para uma revista universitária.

Licenciou-se e concluiu o mestrado na área da reabilitação psicomotora, especializando-se na área de delinquência juvenil. Prosseguiu os estudos com um curso de língua gestual portuguesa. Foi durante o seu mestrado, fruto de um desafio colocado no âmbito da disciplina de Corpo, Cultura e Pensamento Contemporâneo, ministrada por Gonçalo M. Tavares, que começou a declamar. Na primeira vez que o fez em público, com direito a aplausos, leu um trecho de "Uma Menina Está Perdida no Seu Século à Procura do Pai", do escritor. À medida que foi desenvolvendo o seu gosto pela escrita e prática poéticas, começou a frequentar Poetry Slams.

Intitulado "Só mais um pouco", o seu primeiro poema publicado foi editado em 2016, numa antologia. Em 2021, o seu poema "Terra" foi incluído na antologia Do que ainda nos sobra da guerra – e outros versos pretos, editada no Brasil pela Ipêamarelo.

O seu trabalho ganhou maior visibilidade no início de 2022, quando um vídeo da sua declamação de "Poeta" se tornou viral nas redes sociais. Escrito originalmente para a primeira edição da Powerlist 100 da BANTUMEN, o poema foi declamado por Alice Neto de Sousa na sua participação habitual no programa televisivo Bem-vindos, da RTP África, transmitido a 19 de janeiro desse ano.

Foi convidada a estar na abertura solene das comemorações do 50º aniversário da revolução de 25 de Abril, que decorreu a 23 de março de 2022, o dia a democracia em Portugal ultrapassou a duração da ditadura. Na cerimónia, recitou "Poeta" sobre uma composição da violinista Edvânia Moreno, e também um poema inédito, criado para assinalar a data, intitulado "Março". O manuscrito do poema foi um dos objetos colocados na cápsula do tempo criada para assinalar o aniversário do acontecimento, e que só será aberta em 2074, no centenário da revolução.

Cita como influências a poesia de Florbela Espanca, que leu desde muito cedo, e também a coreógrafa Pina Bausch.

Reconhecimento
Foi reconhecida pela BANTUMEN como uma das "100 Personalidades Negras Mais Influentes da Lusofonia", na Powerlist 100 de 2022. No final de 2022, foi escolhida pela DGLab como recipiente de uma Bolsa de Criação Literária para o ano seguinte, na categoria de Poesia.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Alice Neto de Sousa na Powerlist 100 da BANTUMEN 2022
 Alice Neto de Sousa no YouTube

Poetas de Portugal
Naturais de Lisboa
Nascidos em 1993

Alice Neto de Sousa


Henning Bender (født 29. marts 1937 i København - 16. juli 2013) var en dansk håndboldspiller som spillede i Helsingør IF och i 1959 spillede to landskampe for det danske landshold.

Kilder
 HERRE A-LANDSHOLDSPILLERE HENNING BENDER

Håndboldspillere fra Danmark
Personer fra København
Henning

Henning Bender (håndboldspiller)


Hjerneskader i amerikansk fodbold er et hyppigt diskuteret problem, der oftest har hjernerystelser og kronisk traumatisk encefalopati (CTE) som omdrejningspunkt.

Historie

Fra 2012 har dr. Bennet Omalu, en retsmedicinsk patolog og neuropatolog i Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, fundet CTE i hjernerne hos Mike Webster, Terry Long, Andre Waters, Justin Strzelczyk og Tom McHale. Omalu, der oprindeligt var medicinsk undersøger, og blev sidenhen associeret adjungeret professor i Californien, er medstifter af BIRI, og angiveligt var han med til obduktionen af Junior Seau i 2012, en tidligere NFL-spiller der begik selvmord i 2012.
Omalus deltagelse blev forhalet under obduktionen da Seaus søn tog sit mundtlige samtykke tilbage efter at have modtaget telefonopkald fra NFL-ledelsen, da både de og Seaus søn satte nu spørgsmålstegn ved Omalus professionelle etik, kvalifikationer og motivation. Seaus familie havde tidligere donerede hans hjernevæv til National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke., da der blev spekuleret i at han led af en hjerneskade grundet CTE, og den 10. januar 2013 viste hjernepatologien at Seau havde tegn der tydede på CTE.
Mellem 2008 og 2010, blev ligene af tolv tidligere professionelle amerikanske fodboldspillere diagnosticeret med CTE postmortem af dr. Ann McKee.

Den 1. december 2012 dræbte Kansas City Chiefs' linebacker Jovan Belcher sin kæreste og kørte til Arrowhead Stadium og begik selvmord foran daværende General Manager Scott Pioli og cheftræner Romeo Crennel. Et år senere sagsøgte en familieadvokat, på vegne af Belchers mindreårige datter, Chiefs for bevidst at have ignoreret advarsler om CTE, hvilket muligvis førte til selvmordet. Advokaten hyrede også en medicinsk undersøger til at undersøge Belchers hjerne for tegn på CTE. Den 29. september 2014 blev det bekræftet at han led af CTE.

Pr november 2016, var 90 ud af 94 tidligere NFL-spillere diagnosticeret post-mortem med CTE af Dr. McKee. Tidligere Detroit Lions lineman og otte-dobbelt Pro Bowler Lou Creekmur, tidligere Houston Oilers og Miami Dolphins linebacker John Grimsley, tidligere Tampa Bay Buccaneers guard Tom McHale ,
tidligere Cincinnati Bengals wide receiver Chris Henry, former Chicago Bears safety Dave Duerson, og tidligere New England Patriots og Philadelphia Eagles running back Kevin Turner er alle blevet diagnosticeret med CTE post-mortem. Andre footballspillere diagnosticeret med CTE inkluderer tidligere Buffalo Bills stjerne-running back Cookie Gilchrist og Wally Hilgenberg. Dave Duerson, der begik selvmord i 2011, efterlod beskeder til de pårørende om at hans hjerne skulle doneres til forskning af CTE. Dette menes at være første gang at sådan en anmodning er efterladt ved et selvmord, der potentielt blev forbundet med CTE.

En obduktion lavet af Dr. McKee i 2010 på Owen Thomas hjerne, en 21-årig lineman på University og Pennsylvania der begik selvmord, viste tidlige tegn på CTE, og gjorde ham dermed til den næstyngste til at blive diagnosticeret med lidelsen. Thomas var den anden amatørspiller der blev diagnosticeret med CTE efter Mike Borich, der døde som 42-årig, også blev diagnosticeret af Dr. Mckee. Lægerne der lavede obduktionen indikererede at de ikke fandt en kausal forbindelse mellem den spirende CTE og selvmordet. Der var ikke registreret skadesperioder grundet hjernerystelse, men han var kendt som en spiller der spillede hårdt og "elskede at ramme folk". Thomas kan derfor have spillet med hjernerystelser og fået tusinder af hjernerystelsesagtige slag til hjernen I oktober 2010 døde den 17-årige Nathan Stiles timer efter hans high school-homecomingkamp, hvor han fik et slet der viste sig at være dråben der fik bægret til at flyde over. Han havde fået flere hjernerystelsesagtige og hjernerystelsesskabende slag til hovedet. CSTE diagnosticerede ham med CTE, hvorved han blev den yngste med diagnosen indtil nu.

NFL har taget foranstaltninger for at forhindre CTE. Fra juli 2011 ændrede NFL deres regler for at vende tilbage til spil. Antallet af træninger med kontakt er blevet reduceret, baseret på en overenskomst. I 2012 sagsøgte omkring 4.000 tidligere NFL-spillere ligaen, fordi de mente at ligaen havde fejlet i forhold til at beskytte spillerne mod hjernerystelse. Den 30. august 2013 indgik NFL et forlig med spillerne, til en værdi af $765 millioner. Forliget skabet en kompensationsfond på $675 millioner, fra hvilken tidligere NFL-spillere kan få penge, afhængigt af omfanget af deres lidelser. Svære lidelser, såsom Lou Gehrigs syge og postmortem diagnosticeret CTE vil kunne give udbetalinger på op til $5 millioner. Fra den resterende del af forliget vil $75 millioner blive brugt til medicinske undersøgelser, og $10 millioner til forskning og uddannelse. Men i januar 2014 ville den amerikanske distriktsdommer Anita B. Brody ikke accepterer det indgåede forlig fordi "pengene ikke tilstrækkeligt ville kompenserer de næsten 20.000 men der ikke var nævnt i søgsmålet." I det forlig Brody accepterede argumenterede hun for at personer "ikke kan kompenseres for CTE i livet, fordi ingen diagnostisk eller klinisk profil af CTE eksisterer, og symptomerne på sygdommen, hvis nogen, are ukendte." Den 22. april 2015 blev et endeligt forlig indgået mellem spillerne og NFL. Betingelserne inkluderede betalinger af NFL på $75 millioner for "baseline medicinske undersøgelser" til pensionerede spillere, $10 millioner til forskning og uddannelse, såvel som en ubestemt beløb til pensionerede "der kan demonstrere at de lider af en af flere svære hjernelidelser dækket af aftalen", med den totale udbetaling på over $1 milliard over 65 år.

I september 2016, annoncerede forskere fra Department of Veterans Affairs og Boston University at de havde identificeret CTE i 96 af de NFL-spillere de havde undersøgt, og i 79 procent af alle footballspillere.
 Den 14. marts 2016 anerkendte Jeff Miller fra NFL, at der var en sammenhæng mellem amerikansk fodbold og CTE ved rundbordsdiskussion om hjernerystelse.

Den 25. juli 2017 udgav Journal of the American Medical Association et opdateret studie der viste at ud af 111 hjerner fra afdøde NFL-spillere der var blevet undersøgt, havde 110 (99%) CTE. Dette fik spillere til at stoppe deres aktive karrierer meget tidligt.

Den 21. september 2017 viste en obduktionsrapport fra Boston University at den tidligere tight end for New England Patriots, Aaron Hernandez havde Fase 3 CTE, da han begik selvmord som 27-årig i april 2017; og forskerne havde på dette tidspunkt aldrig set Fase 3 CTE i hjerner yngre end 46 år.

Den 12. december 2017 kom det frem at den tidligere running back fra Kansas City Chiefs, Larry Johnsen også udviste tegn på at have symptomer lignende Aaron Hernandez', herunder hukommelsesproblemer, selvmordstanker og tanker om at begå voldelige handlinger.

Tidlige pensioneringer
Heisman Trophy-vinder og tidligere NFL All-Pro Bo Jackson sagde i et interview i 2017 med USA Today, at hvis han havde kendt til risikoen associeret med CTE, ville han aldrig have spillet football, og han fraråder sine børn at gøre det.

Uden for NFL-sæsonen 2015 stoppede et antal NFL-spillere, på grund af hjernerystelse og andre helbredsrisikoer. Den yngste, i marts, Chris Borland (24), skulle starte på sit andet år i ligaen efter en tredje rundt draft fra University of Wisconsin, og en flot rookie-sæson med San Francisco 49ers. Da han forklarede sin beslutning til ESPN sagde Borland "jeg vil helt ærligt bare gøre det der er bedst for mit helbred... Fra hvad jeg har undersøgt og hvad jeg har oplevet, mener jeg ikke det er risikoen værd. ESPN noterede sig at Borlands vej mod sin beslutning gik gennem en mulig hjernerystelse han spillede med i træningslejren. Han fortalt at han også havde "læst om Mike Webster, Dave Duerson og Ray Easterling", som alle ifølge ESPN var "diagnosticeret med den ødelæggende hjernesygdom kronisk traumatisk encefalopati, eller CTE, efter deres død" og at han talte med "prominente hjernerystelsesforskere og tidligere spillere efter sæsonen.

Uden for 2016-sæonen trak A.J. Tarpley, Husain Abdullah, og Eugene Monroe sig alle sammen tilbage fra NFL, og gav som hovedårsag af de var bekymret over at få flere hovedeskader.

Referencer

Se også
 Kronisk traumatisk encefalopati
 Hjernerystelse

Hjerneskade i sport
Amerikansk fodbold

Hjerneskader i amerikansk fodbold


الإمام عزان بن قيس بن عزان بن قيس بن الإمام أحمد بن سعيد بن أحمد بن محمد بن خلف بن سعيد بن مبارك آل بو سعيد

انتخابه
تم انتخاب الإمام عزان بن قيس من قبل أهل الحل والعقد في عصره، وعلى رأسهم سعيد بن خلفان الخليلي، وذلك من أجل إعادة حكم الشورى والبعد عن تدخل الإنجليز في الشؤون العمانية، وكان من من أهدافها توحيد عمان وزنجبار بعدما فرضت بريطانيا الانقسام، وجعلت زنجبار تدفع لمسقط قدرا من المال، وقد نجحت الثورة التي قام بها الإمام ومن معه وخاصة الشيخ صالح بن علي الحارثي، وتمت السيطرة على مسقط وإعلان الإمامة، ولكن التدخل الإنجليزي أضاع الجهد الوطني واستطاع إعادة السلطنة من جديد وقد استشهد الإمام على أيدي بعض المغَرَرين في مطرح.

مراجع

آل بو سعيد
سلاطين عمان
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
عرب في القرن 19
عمانيون في القرن 19
عمانيون مغتالون
مواليد القرن 19
وفيات 1870
وفيات 1871

عزان بن قيس بن عزان


Şirin aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

Şirin, Hüsrev ile Şirin ve Ferhat ile Şirin hikâyelerinin kadın kahramanı
Şirinler, Belçikalı çizer Peyo'nun ünlü eseri
Uygar Şirin, Türk yazar
Hüsrev ü Şirin, Şeyhî tarafından kaleme alınmış bir mesnevi
Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması, Osmanlı Devleti ile Safeviler arasında imzalanan antlaşma

Şirin (anlam ayrımı)


«Mr. Perfect» (en español: «Señor Perfecto») es el primer sencillo del próximo disco de estudio de la cantante sueco-griega Helena Paparizou. La canción se puso a la venta en formato de descarga digital el 2 de diciembre aunque Sony Music había informado que la publicación sería el 5 del mismo mes. Está compuesta por un equipo de Canadá y Reino Unido.

Promoción

El lunes 28 de noviembre la discográfica Sony Music publicó un video de presentación del nuevo sencillo de la cantante griega donde aparecían veinte segundos de canción. También ese mismo día, exactamente una semana antes de que se lanzara la canción al completo, subieron a internet una imagen del videoclip y la portada de la edición de diciembre de la revista Nitro donde Helena posa como protagonista. El 2 de diciembre la canción fue conlgada en Youtube por Sony BMG. La canción se puede comprar en formato descarga digital en numerosos países europeos, sobre todo mediante la tienda en línea iTunes. La canción llegó a ser número uno en las radios más importantes y populares de Grecia y Chipre.
La primera vez que Helena Paparizou interpretó Mr. Perfect en un programa de televisión fue el 11 de diciembre en Dancing on ice, el programa en el cual ella es jurado.

A principios de 2012, para continuar con la promoción del sencillo, publicó dos remixes oficiales de la canción, uno de Lunatic y el otro de Playmen. Este último, además, fue la versión de Mr. Perfect que Helena Paparizou interpretó en los MadWalk 2012 junto con otro de remix de los mismos de la canción I hate myself for loving you.

Videoclip

Información

El videoclip está dirigido por Konstantinos Rigos, el mismo director que realizó el videoclip de la canción Baby it's over. Se grabó el día 19 de noviembre. A pesar de ya tener el videoclip grabado desde la segunda mitad de noviembre, el 13 de diciembre se grabaron algunas escenas más ya que para el director  faltaba algo. Finalmente el videoclip comenzó a emitirse en el canal de televisión griego MadTV el 1 de enero de 2012. En este videoclip se hace publicidad a la marca de automóviles Ford y a la de ropa interior Diesel. El videoclip se subió a la página Vevo oficial de Helena Paparizou el 18 de enero.

Sinopsis

El video sigue una historia, en la que hay amor, pasión, y también contrabando. Al principio observamos como unos tipos, supuestamente españoles (aparece una bandera de España), están en posesión de un objeto, del cual la policía va en busca. En unas escenas Helena aparece bailando; en otras, bajo una peluca roja, con uno de los "chicos malos" durante unas escenas bastante sensuales. Tras esto, vemos a Helena en un provocativo traje junto a un policía. Y, de forma aparente van a detener a los poseedores del objeto, pero los chicos acaban reduciendo al policía con la ayuda de Helena que resulta ser una policía corrupta. Finalmente, enfundada de nuevo en su peluca roja, se marcha con el misterioso objeto y el "chico malo".

Posicionamiento

Referencias

Sencillos de 2011
Helena Paparizou

Mr. Perfect (canción de Helena Paparizou)


Nordmark can mean:

Nordmark Hundred -  a district of Värmland in Sweden
the German name for the Northern March - a territorial organisation in Holy Roman Empire
Arbeitserziehungslager Nordmark a work camp from the Nazis
Kriegsmarine Nordmark - a vessel in the German Kriegsmarine of the Dithmarschen class
, a coaster in service 1926-36
Nordmarka, the Norwegian name for the North Mark which makes up the northern part of Oslo, Norway

Nordmark (disambiguation)


Jeremy Bradford Cook Jackson (13 de novembro de 1942) é um ecologista, paleobiólogo e conservacionista americano. Ele é professor emérito do Scripps Institution of Oceanography, cientista sênior emérito do Smithsonian Institution e cientista visitante do American Museum of Natural History Center for Biodiversity and Conservation. Ele estuda ameaças e soluções para os impactos humanos no meio ambiente e a ecologia e evolução dos mares tropicais. Jackson tem mais de 170 publicações científicas e 11 livros, com quase 40.000 citações listadas no Google Acadêmico.

Ele é um orador público extremamente envolvente e já deu muitas palestras sobre a crise ambiental, incluindo sua palestra no TED "Como destruímos os oceanos", que foi assistida mais de meio milhão de vezes. Jackson é membro da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência e da Academia Americana de Artes e Ciências.

Ele recebeu mais de uma dúzia de prêmios e distinções, incluindo o Prêmio Internacional BBVA em Ecologia e Conservação, a Medalha Paleontológica e a Medalha Darwin da Sociedade Internacional de Estudos de Recifes. O trabalho de Jackson sobre o colapso dos ecossistemas costeiros foi escolhido pela revista Discover como a principal conquista científica de 2001. Seu novo livro Breakpoint: Tending to America's Environmental Crises, lançado por Yale em abril de 2018.

Ver também

Biólogos dos Estados Unidos

Jeremy Bradford Cook Jackson


Jens Thilson Locher. (Født 10. marts 1889 i København, død 22. juni 1952 samme sted). Dansk forfatter, dramatiker og journalist, søn af maleren Carl Locher og bror til billedhugger Axel Locher.

Han er begravet på Tibirke Kirkegård.

Bibliografi
 Nær salten Sø. (1911). Illustrationer af Carl Locher (1851-1915)
 Skal - skal ikke (1920)
 Sol staar op (1926)
 Familien Hansen (1930-32)
 Mugges Meriter (1930 ff)
 Vimmerhale (1930-1932)
 Aargang 1929 (1930)
 Familien Hansen (1944, roman)
 Familien Hansen. Tegnet af Henning Dahl-Mikkelsen (1944, børnebog)
 Familien Hansen. Tegnet af Henning Dahl Mikkelsen. 2.-3. Aarg. (1945-46, børnebog)
 Fodboldpræsten (1950, roman)
 Hannes hændelser (1950, humor)

Referencer

Dramatikere fra Danmark
Børnebogsforfattere fra Danmark
Personer fra København

Jens Locher


Filippo "Pippo" Inzaghi (d. 9 Ağustos 1973, Piacenza),  İtalyan eski futbolcu ve teknik direktördür.

Kulüp kariyeri
Inzaghi, kardeşi Simone Inzaghi ile 1991'de Piacenza Calcio ile futbol kariyerine başlamıştır, ama bir sezonda 2 maça çıkabilmiş ve 1992'de Serie C1 takımı Leffe'ye kiralanmıştır ve 21 maçta 15 gol atmıştır. 1993'te, Inzaghi Serie B kulübü Hellas Verona'ya kiralanmıştır ve 36 maçta 29 gol atmıştır. Piacenza Calcio'ya dönmüştür ve 37 maça çıkmıştır, 28 kez fileleri havalandırmıştır.

Inzaghi, 1995'te Serie A kulübü Parma'ya transfer olmuştur, ama 15 maçta oynayabilmiştir, o sürede de 8 gol atabilmiştir. Atalanta'ya transfer olunca kendini göstermiştir ve 24 gol atarak Serie A'da gol kralı olmuştur.

Juventus
Juventus Inzaghi'nin performansını beğenerek transfer etti. Burada 4 sezon boyunca Alessandro Del Piero ve Zinedine Zidane ile birlikte iyi bir üçlü oldu. Juventus'un 1997-98 sezonundaki şampiyonluğuna Inzaghi'nin büyük katkısı oldu, ama Şampiyonlar Ligi finalinde Real Madrid'e 1-0 mağlup olarak, finalist oldular.

AC Milan
Inzaghi, 165 maçta 101 gol atmasına rağmen formasını David Trezeguet'ye kaptırdı ve Fatih Terim'in isteğiyle 70 milyar İtalyan lirası yani 71 milyon Euro'ya Milan'a transfer oldu. Juventus bu transferden 31 Milyon € kâr etti. Ancak Inzaghi sakatlanarak sezonun ilk yarısını kaçırdı. Döndükten sonra Andriy Shevchenko ile iyi bir ikili olarak gol yollarında etkili oldular ve Milan'a büyük başarılar kazandırdılar, Onların arasında 2002-03 Şampiyonlar Ligi şampiyonluğu da vardı. Inzaghi Kasım 2004'te sözleşme uzattı.

23 Mayıs 2007'de, Atina'daki 2007 Şampiyonlar Ligi Finali'nde, attığı golle Liverpool'u 2-1 yenerek kupayı aldılar. Bu maç  2005'teki finalin rövanşı oldu. O maçta ise ilk yarıda Milan 3-0 galipti ama ikinci yarıda Liverpool skoru 3-3'e getirdi ve penaltılarda galip olarak kupayı almışlardı.

2007-08 sezonunda, Milan'ın  Sevilla FC ile yaptığı Süper Kupa maçındaki katkılarıyla 3-1'lik galibiyeti aldılar ve Süper Kupa'nın da sahibi oldular. Inzaghi, 2007 FIFA Kulüpler Dünya Kupası finalinde Boca Juniors'a 2 gol atarak 4-2'lik galibiyete çok büyük katkısı oldu ve bu kupayı da aldılar.

24 Şubat 2008'de, Inzaghi, Palermo ile yapılan maçta 2-1'lik galibiyeti getiren golü attı. Udinese karşısında resmî maçlardaki 100. golünü attı. Kasım 2008'de, sözleşmesini Haziran 2010'a kadar uzattı. 8 Mart 2009'da, Inzaghi Milan'daki ilk hat-trickini Atalanta'ya karşı yaptı ve Milan maçı 3-0 kazandı. Kariyerindeki 300. golünü de Siena'ya attı ve maçı 4-1 kazandılar. Ardından Torino'ya da 3 gol attı ve profesyonel olarak ikinci hat-trickini yaptı. Böylece son 25 yılda Serie A'da en çok hat-trick yapan futbolcu oldu. 10 hat-trick yaparak sahip oldu bu rekora, ardından da Giuseppe Signori 9, Hernán Crespo 8, Roberto Baggio, Marco van Basten, Gabriel Batistuta, ve Abel Balbo 7 hat-trick yaptı. Inzaghi hat-tricklerinden birisini Atalanta adına, dördünü Juventus ve beşini de Milan için yaptı.

2009-10 sezonunda, Haziran 2010'a kadar olan sözleşmesini, 21 Mayıs 2010'da bir yıl daha uzattı.

10 Kasım 2010'da Palermo ile yapılan maçta sakatlanan Inzaghi sezonu kapattı. 14 Mayıs'ta Milan'ın Cagliari 4-1 yendiği maçta sahalara geri döndü. 2011-12 sezon arasında sözleşmesini Haziran 2012'ye kadar uzattı. Sezon sonunda sözleşmesi biten Inzaghi, 12 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde futbol kariyerini noktaladığını açıkladı.

Millî takım kariyeri
Inzaghi ilk millî maçına 8 Haziran 1997'de İtalya ile Brezilya karşısında oynanan maçta çıktı ve 120 maçta görev aldı, o sürede 88 gol attı. Ayrıca, 1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası, UEFA Euro 2000, 2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası ve 2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası kadrolarında yer aldı. Inzaghi, 2004 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası'na sakatlığı yüzünden katılamadı.

22 Haziran 2006'da Çek Cumhuriyeti ile yapılan grup maçında Petr Čech'le karşı karşıya kalarak turnuvadaki 2. golünü attı.

Teknik direktörlük kariyeri
Inzaghi teknik direktörlük kariyerine 2012-13 sezonunda Milan'ın Primavera (19 yaş altı) takımında başladı. 9 Haziran 2014 tarihinde eski takım arkadaşı Clarence Seedorf'un yerine a takımın başına getirildi.

Başarıları

Kulüp
Piacenza
Serie B: 1994-95

Juventus
Serie A: 1997-98
İtalya Süper Kupası: 1997

Milan
Serie A: 2001-02, 2003-04, 2007-08, 2010-11
İtalya Kupası: 2002-03
UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi: 2002-03, 2006-07
UEFA Süper Kupa: 2003, 2007
FIFA Kulüpler Dünya Kupası: 2007
Kıtalararası Kupa ikinciliği: 2003

Millî takım
 İtalya
UEFA 21 Yaş Altı Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası: 1994
FIFA Dünya Kupası: 2006

Kişisel ödüller
 Serie A Yılın Genç Futbolcusu: 1997
 Serie A gol kralı: 1996-97
 Şampiyonlar Ligi finali maçın adamı: 2007
 İtalya'nın en golcü futbolcusu ödülü
 Avrupa'da Milan'ın en golcü futbolcusu ödülü
 Scirea Ödülü 2007
 Şampiyonlar Ligi Tarinin En Golcü Futbolcusu: 2007
 Avrupada Yılın Futbolcusu: 2007

Kariyer istatistikleri

Kulüp

1Avrupa turnuvaları UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası, UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi, UEFA Kupası, UEFA Intertoto Kupası ve UEFA Süper Kupası'nı kapsar.
2Diğer turnuvalar Supercoppa Italiana ve FIFA Kulüpler Dünya Kupası.

Millî takım

Millî takım golleri
Teknik direktörlük istatistikleri

 En golcüler
Avrupa'da en çok gol atan futbolcular
 Raúl 77 gol
 Filippo Inzaghi 70 gol
 Cristiano Ronaldo 68 gol
 Andriy Shevchenko 67 gol
 Lionel Messi 67 gol
 Gerd Müller 63 gol
 Ruud van Nistelrooy 62 gol
 Thierry Henry 59 gol
 Henrik Larsson 59 gol
 Eusébio 56 gol
 Alessandro Del Piero 54 gol

İtalya'nın en golcüleri
 Silvio Piola 364 gol
 Giuseppe Meazza 338 gol
 Alessandro Del Piero 335 gol
 Roberto Baggio 319 gol
 Filippo Inzaghi 316 golKalın''' yazılı olanlar futbol hayatına devam eden futbolculardır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Profili ve kariyer istatistikleri  - Football Database
soccernet.com profili

Serie B futbolcuları
İtalyan futbolcular
Yaşayan insanlar
1973 doğumlular
İtalya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Piacenza Calcio futbolcuları
Parma Calcio 1913 futbolcuları
Atalanta BC futbolcuları
Juventus FC futbolcuları
AC Milan futbolcuları
Forvet futbolcular
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
Hellas Verona FC futbolcuları
FIFA Dünya Kupası kazanan futbolcular
Serie A teknik direktörleri
AC Milan teknik direktörleri
İtalya 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'ni kazanan futbolcular
Bologna FC 1909 teknik direktörleri
Brescia Calcio teknik direktörleri
Emilia-Romagna doğumlu futbolcular
İtalyan teknik direktörler
İtalya Cumhuriyeti Liyakat Nişanı şövalyeleri
Reggina 1914 teknik direktörleri
İtalya Cumhuriyeti Liyakat Nişanı subayları
Serie B teknik direktörleri
Serie C teknik direktörleri
Lega Pro futbolcuları
UC AlbinoLeffe futbolcuları
Salernitana Calcio 1919 teknik direktörleri

Filippo Inzaghi


هذه قائمة الأفلام التي احتلت المرتبة الأولى في شباك التذاكر الأمريكي أثناء عُطل نهاية الأسبوع لعام 2009.

الأفلام الأولى

أعلى الأفلام ربحًا
أعلى الأفلام ربحًا في عام 2009.

مراجع

السينما الأمريكية في 2009
كندا في 2009
أفلام إنتاج 2009

قائمة الأفلام المتصدرة شباك التذاكر الأمريكي عام 2009


Léglise Saint-Maclou est une église catholique située dans la commune de Sainneville, en France.

Localisation
L'église est située à Sainneville, commune du département français de la Seine-Maritime.

Historique
Les éléments les plus anciens de l'église actuelle sont datés du .
Des travaux interviennent dans l'édifice aux  et .
L'édifice est inscrit au titre des monuments historiques depuis le .
Les murs de l'église conservent de nombreuses traces de modification de l'architecture au cours des siècles.

Description
La nef de l'église est de style roman et comporte des chapiteaux avec des .

Galerie

Références

 Le patrimoine des communes de Seine-Maritime

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques de la Seine-Maritime
 Liste des monuments historiques de l'arrondissement du Havre

Liens externes

L'église sur le site patrimoine-religieux.fr
L'église sur le site mondes-normands.caen.fr

Bibliographie
 .

Sainneville
Monument historique inscrit en 1926
Église dédiée à saint Maclou

Église Saint-Maclou de Sainneville


Thomas Zachariah Glazer (September 2, 1914 – February 21, 2003) was an American folk singer and songwriter known primarily as a composer of ballads, including: "Because All Men Are Brothers", recorded by The Weavers and Peter, Paul and Mary, "Talking Inflation Blues", recorded by Bob Dylan, "The Ballad of FDR" and "A Dollar Ain't A Dollar Anymore". He wrote the lyrics to the songs "Melody of Love" (1954), and "Skokian" (1954).

Life
Thomas Zachariah Glazer was born in Philadelphia on September 2, 1914, to Russian Jewish émigré parents from Minsk. His father, a carpenter in a shipyard, died during the 1918 flu pandemic, and Glazer was brought up by a series of relatives before being placed in the Hebrew Orphan Home in Philadelphia with his two brothers; his younger brother Sidney Glazier became a producer, most notably of Mel Brooks's The Producers. Their father's record collection influenced Glazer musically, and at school he learned to play the tuba, guitar and bass.  At 17, he hitchhiked to New York, where he took night courses to complete his education while working at Macy's during the day. He subsequently attended City College of New York for three years. He is of Jewish descent.

Glazer moved to Washington, D.C., and began work at the Library of Congress. There he met Alan Lomax who worked for cataloguing American folk songs, and who was a great influence. Glazer began performing as an amateur and was invited by Eleanor Roosevelt to perform at the White House for soldiers working there as guards. He made a successful professional début at The Town Hall, New York City, in January 1943 during a blizzard, and in 1945 had a radio show Tom Glazer's Ballad Box. His songs of the period, such as "A Dollar Ain't a Dollar Anymore", "Our Fight is Yours", "When the Country is Broke", and "Talking Inflation Blues" took strong social stands. Glazer's songs were recorded by Bob Dylan, Pete Seeger, Burl Ives, The Kingston Trio, Peter, Paul and Mary, Perry Como and Frank Sinatra. He was part of the strong folk music scene in New York in the 1940s, and with Lead Belly, Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger and Josh White helped prepare for the commercially successful folk revival of the 1960s.  "He wasn't fancy," Seeger reported after his death "He was just straightforward. He had a good sense of humor."

Glazer was married to Miriam Reed Eisenberg with whom he had two sons. The marriage ended in divorce in 1974.

Glazer recorded a number of children's records in the late 1940s and early 1950s with Young People's Records, Inc. In the 1960s he hosted a weekly children's show on WQXR radio in New York.

Cinema
Glazer wrote the musical score for the Elia Kazan film A Face in the Crowd (1957). Glazer also wrote and sang the title song in the 1966 movie Namu, the Killer Whale starring Robert Lansing and Lee Meriwether.

Children's songs
Glazer, with Dottie Evans, recorded three children's records in 1959 and 1960 that were part of a six-album set known as Ballads for the Age of Science. They contained songs intended to explain science concepts for young children, all of which were written by Hy Zaret (lyrics) and Lou Singer (music). One of these albums, Space Songs, included the song "Why Does the Sun Shine?" which was later covered by They Might Be Giants.

His greatest commercial success came with his original 1963 recording of the song parody "On Top of Spaghetti" to the tune of "On Top of Old Smoky", which he recorded for Kapp Records with the Do-Re-Mi Children's Chorus. The song was later included on an LP record that also included such numbers as one of the first cover versions of "Puff, the Magic Dragon", as well as "Battle Hymn of the Children" and other children's songs.

Glazer became ambivalent towards his creation, saying that "I'm standing in line before the Pearly Gates in the musicians' line, in which I stand last. When I'm asked what have I done in music and I say I wrote 'On Top of Spaghetti', I'm told, "Sorry, buster, you can't enter." In 2008, Smithsonian Folkways released Tom Glazer Sings Honk-Hiss-Tweet-GGGGGGGGGG and Other Children's Favorites, a collection of Glazer's live performances.

His work with Young Peoples Records, a subscription service that delivered vinyl 78 RPM records to subscribers about every six weeks, included: "Building a City", "The Circus Comes to Town", "The Men Who Come to Our House", "The Little Fireman", "On a Rainy Day", "Muffet in the City", "When I Grow Up", "Let's Play Zoo", "Going West: A Group of American Pioneer Songs", "Hooray! Today is Your Birthday", "When the Sun Shines Again", "The Little Gray Ponies", "Who Wants a Ride?", "The Chugging Freight Engine", "Everyday we Grow I-O", "Daniel Boone", and "Come to the Fair".

Other hits
Glazer also adapted a German folk song, "Ich Bin Ein Musikante", into "The Musicians" (also known as "I Am a Fine Musician"), memorably performed in two episodes of The Dick Van Dyke Show.

Death
Glazer died at his home in Rochester, New York on February 21, 2003, at the age of 88.

See also
 Songs for Victory: Music for Political Action with the Union Boys (1944)

References

External links
  All Music Guide

1914 births
2003 deaths
20th-century American singer-songwriters
American children's musicians
American folk singers
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American male singer-songwriters
Jewish American musicians
Jewish folk singers
Singers from Philadelphia
People from Briarcliff Manor, New York
Singer-songwriters from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

Tom Glazer


William Felton "Bill" Russell (født 12. februar 1934, i Monroe, Louisiana, USA, død 31. juli 2022) var en amerikansk basketballspiller (center) og den mest vindende spiller i den amerikanske basketballliga NBA's historie målt på mesterskaber (11). Russell spillede 13 sæsoner i NBA, hvor han repræsenterede Boston Celtics. I løbet af de 13 år vandt han 11 mesterskaber med holdet, en bedrift der aldrig siden er blevet overgået. Fem gange i karrieren blev han kåret til NBA Most Valuable Player, og i hele 12 af sine 13 sæsoner i ligaen blev han udtaget til NBA's All-starkamp, en hædersbevisning til sæsonens bedste spillere. Han er medlem af Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Russell bliver gennemgående regnet som en af de bedste basketballspillere i historien.

Opvækst og karriere
Russell blev født i det sydlige USA i delstaten Louisiana og flyttede i en tidlig alder med sin forældre til Oakland i Californien. Her gik han først i high school og blev senere grundet sine evner på basketballbanen rekrutteret til at gå på University of San Francisco i nabobyen San Francisco. Med universitetets hold vandt han to gange, i 1955 og 1956 det nationale college-mesterskab, og slog sit navn fast som et af de største basketballtalenter i landet.  Han blev desuden kåret til UPI College Basketball Player of the Year i 1956.

NBA
I 1956 blev Russell draftet til NBA som andetvalget efter Sihugo Green. Russell blev valgt af St. Louis Hawks, der dog straks sendte ham videre i en handel til Boston Celtics. Russell slog straks sit navn fast som en profil i ligaen, da Celtics i den første sæson med ham i truppen, 1956-57, vandt mesterskabet efter finalesejr over netop St. Louis Hawks, det hold der oprindeligt havde valgt Russell i draften. Det følgende år vandt Celtics ikke mesterskabet, men til gengæld blev Russell kåret til NBA Most Valuable Player og til All-star-holdet.

I de følgende år var Celtics den absolutte stormagt i NBA, og holdet vandt under Russells ledelse hele syv mesterskaber i træk, i perioden fra 1959-66. I fire af sæsonerne, 1961, 1962, 1963 og 1965, blev han desuden kåret til League MVP, og blev samtlige år udtaget til All-star-holdet. Russell dominerede især i kraft af sit formidable forsvarsspil, og holdet vandt i årenes løb finaleserierne mod henholdsvis St. Louis Hawks, Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers og San Francisco Warriors. Sidstnævnte havde Russells nære ven og store rival på banen, Wilt Chamberlain, som en del af holdet. I denne periode blev holdet ledet af den legendariske træner Red Auerbach, og samarbejdet mellem Auerbach og Russell bliver regnet som en af de bedste træner-spiller-kombinationer i NBA's historie.

I 1966 blev Russell ansat som spillende træner for Celtics, og med ham som leder både på og udenfor banen vandt Celtics yderligere to mesterskaber, i henholdsvis 1968 og 1969, begge gange med finalesejr over Los Angeles Lakers. Efter 1969-finalerne stoppede Russell sin aktive karriere, men han havde efterfølgende job som træner for først Seattle SuperSonics, i perioden 1973-1977 og siden for Sacramento Kings, fra 1987-1988.

Russell besad ved sit karrierestop med 11 titler rekorden for flest mesterskaber i NBA, en rekord der stadig (pr 2019) stadig står. Hans trøje nr. 6 er blevet trukket tilbage af både hans college-hold San Francisco og af hans klubhold Boston Celtics.

Racisme
Russell kæmpede både i sit tidlige liv i de amerikanske sydstater, i sin periode som collegespiller for San Francisco University, og i sin tid som NBA-stjerne, med racisme. Dette kom blandt andet til udtryk ved, at Russell og de øvrige sorte spillere blev udsat for negative tilråb fra hvide tilskuere, at Russell ikke måtte spise på de samme restauranter som hans hvide holdkammerater, og at han ikke fik lov at bo på de samme hoteller som de hvide spillere. Trods den enorme succes som Russell og Celtics-holdet havde igennem hans 13 år hos holdet, var forholdet mellem Russell og Celtics fans i bedste fald køligt, og ofte direkte fjendtligt, da Russell opfattede Celtics-fansene som racistiske.

NBA-statistikker

Klubber
 1956-1969 Boston Celtics (spiller)
 1966-1969 Boston Celtics (træner)
 1973-1977 Seattle SuperSonics (træner)
 1987-1988 Sacramento Kings (træner)

Titler
Udvalgte titler vundet af og tildelt Russell:
NBA-mester
 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 og 1969 med Boston Celtics

NBA Most Valuable Player
 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963 og 1965

NBA All-Star
 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 og 1969

NBA All-Star MVP
 1963

Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
 Optaget i 1975

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Louisiana
Basketballspillere fra USA
Basketballspillere fra Boston Celtics
Medlemmer af Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Bill Russell


Bez epiteli ya da salgı epiteli; salgı çıkaran epitel doku çeşididir.

Bez dokusunu oluşturan hücreler kendileri için gerekli çeşitli molekülleri kandan alarak onları hücreiçi biyosentez mekanizmalarıyla daha karmaşık yapılı ürünler hâline dönüştürdükten sonra yine aynı yolla kana verir veya iç ya da dış ortama salgılarlar. Bu olaylara salgılama denir. Hücrede yapılarak salgılanan maddeye salgı adı verilir. Salgılama işi için özelleşmiş hücre ve hücre gruplarına salgı bezi denir. Salgılamadaki kimyasal dönüşümde enerjiye gerek vardır.

Çeşitleri
Bez epiteli, hücrelerden salgı ürünlerinin atılmasına göre ikiye ayrılır:

 Dış salgı bezleri (Ekzokrin bezler=Eksokrin bezler)
 İç salgı bezleri (Endokrin bezler)

Hipersekresyon
Genel olarak vücutta bulunan herhangi bir salgı bezinin aşırı çalışması ile bu salgılanan maddenin aşırı miktarda yapılması halini anlatan latince kökenli bir tıbbî terimdir.

Kaynakça

Epitel
Bezler

Bez epiteli


Nuno Gomes (d. 5 Temmuz 1976), Portekizli eski futbolcudur. Kariyerini Blackburn Rovers FC takımında 2013 yılında noktalamıştır. 2000, 2004, 2008 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonasında 2002 ve 2006 Dünya Kupaları'nda Portekiz millî futbol takımı kadrosunda yer alan Nuno Gomes millî formayı giydiği 60 maçta 24 gol kaydetmeyi başardı.

Başarıları

  Primeira Liga  (2005, SL Benfica)
  Portekiz Süper Kupası (2005, SL Benfica)
   Taça de Portugal (1997, 2004)
   Taça de Portugal İkinciliği  (2005)
   Coppa Italia (2000-2001, Fiorentina)

1976 doğumlular
SL Benfica futbolcuları
Portekizli futbolcular
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
SC Braga futbolcuları
Portekiz millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Forvet futbolcular
Boavista futbolcuları
Primeira Liga futbolcuları
ACF Fiorentina futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
İtalya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Blackburn Rovers FC futbolcuları
English Football League futbolcuları
2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
2004 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
2008 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları futbolcuları
Portekizli Olimpiyat futbolcuları

Nuno Gomes


Jonathan Bécotte, né en 1987, est un auteur québécois de livres jeunesse du Canada. En 2019, il a reçu le Prix Alvine-Bélisle pour son deuxième œuvre jeunesse, Maman veut partir, un prix littérature jeunesse délivré par la Fédération des milieux documentaires.

Biographie
Né en 1987, Jonathan a grandi à Laval dans la région montréalaise au Québec. Il est diplômé de l'Université du Québec à Montréal avec un baccalauréat en études théâtrales de l'École supérieure de théâtre et également de l'Université Concordia avec un baccalauréat en enseignement.

Jonathan a publié son premier roman, Souffer dans la cassette, chez les Éditions Leméac en 2017. Cette première publication était sélectionnée dans la liste préliminaire pour le Prix jeunesse des libraires du Québec, était finaliste pour le Prix Espiègle des bibliothèques scolaires du Québec et lauréat pour le Prix Cécile-Gagnon. Cette même année, Marie-Louise Arsenault, animatrice de l'émission radiophonique Plus on est de fous, plus on lit! de Radio-Canada, le qualifie d'un de ses 10 autrices et auteurs à surveiller.

En 2018, il publié son deuxième roman chez Leméac, Maman veut partir.

Chez les Éditions Heritage il publie Comme un ouragan en 2020. Ce titre est la première publication dans la nouvelle collection Unik qui a pour but de rejoindre les jeunes. Cette troisième publication était nomée pour plusieurs prix au Québec et était notamment finaliste pour le Prix littéraire du Gouverneur général, le Prix du livre jeunesse des Bibliothèques de la Ville de Montréal et du Prix Espiègle des bibliothèques scolaire du Québec.

En 2021, chez la maison d'édition Québec Amérique, il co-publie Honey et Ketchup avec Sabrina Gendron. En 2022, il publie son troisième livre chez Leméac Jeunesse, La chambre éteinte.

Œuvres

 Souffler dans la cassette, 2017, Leméac
 Maman veut partir, 2018, Leméac
 Comme un ouragan, 2020, Héritage
 Honey et Ketchup, 2021, Québec Amérique
 La chambre éteinte, 2022, Leméac
 Taches d'huile, 2023, Québec Amérique

Prix, distinctions et nominations
Souffler dans la cassette
 Lauréat pour le Prix Cécile-Gagnon 2017, catégorie Roman
 Finaliste pour le Prix Espiègle des bibliothèques scolaire du Québec 2018
 Liste préliminaire pour le Prix jeunesse des libraires du Québec 2018, catégorie de 12 à 17 ans
Maman veut partir
 Lauréat du Prix Alvine-Bélisle de la Fédération des milieux documentaires 2019
 Finaliste du Prix littéraires du Gouverneur général 2018, catégorie Littérature jeunesse - texte
 Finaliste du Prix du livre jeunesse des Bibliothèques de Montréal 2019
 Liste préliminaire pour le Prix jeunesse des libraires du Québec 2019, catégorie de 12 à 17 ans
Comme un ouragan
 Finaliste du Prix du livre jeunesse des Bibliothèques de Montréal 2021
 Finaliste du Prix littéraires du Gouverneur général 2021, catégorie Littérature jeunesse - text
 Liste préliminaire pour le Prix jeunesse des libraires du Québec 2021, catégorie de 12 à 17 ans
 Finaliste pour le Prix Espiègle des bibliothèques scolaire du Québec 2021

Notes et références

Écrivain québécois
Romancier québécois
Romancier québécois dont l'œuvre est marquée par les thèmes LGBT
Étudiant de l'Université du Québec à Montréal
Étudiant de l'Université Concordia
Lauréat du prix Alvine-Bélisle

Jonathan Bécotte


තැම්බූ සහල් () යනු තැම්බූ වී, කොටා ලබා ගන්නා සහල් වෙයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

වැඩිදුර කියවීම්
 කැකුලු සහල්

සහල්

තැම්බූ සහල්


San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta («San Rafael»: en honor a su santo patrono Rafael Arcángel; «Pie de la Cuesta»: por su ubicación geográfica) es un municipio del departamento de San Marcos de la región sur-occidente de la República de Guatemala. El municipio celebra su fiesta titular del 14 al 25 de octubre en honor a su patrón San Rafael Arcángel, y los pobladores escogen una reina de belleza para conmemorar la fiesta.

La cabecera municipal es un pequeño pueblo con techos de tejas rojas y abundancia de árboles, en el norte del departamento de San Marcos. Aunque parte de San Marcos es frío, el municipio de San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta no es considerado un municipio muy frío por los guatemaltecos ya que está cerca de la llanura costera.

Toponimia
El poblado de San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta fue elevado a categoría de municipio el 4 de enero de 1850 pero también existen documentos que dicen que en realidad se fundó el 5 de enero. como municipio oficial del departamento de San Marcos. El municipio fue llamado «Pie de la Cuesta» por su ubicación geográfica, ya que se encuentra en la Llanura costera (además por ser un municipio muy caluroso a comparación del resto de San Marcos).

Demografía
El municipio tiene una población aproximada de 18,352 habitantes, para 2021, según el Censo de Población del año 2018 con una densidad de 306 habitantes por kilómetro cuadrado aproximadamente. El 22% de la población es del área urbana y el 78% están en el área rural.

Geografía física

El municipio de San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta tiene una extensión territorial de 60 km².

Clima

La cabecera municipal de San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta tiene clima tropical (Köppen: Am).

Ubicación geográfica

San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta se encuentra a una distancia de 27 km de la cabecera departamental San Marcos y completamente rodeado por municipios del departamento homónimo:

 Norte: San Pablo y la cabecera departamental San Marcos
 Sur: El Tumbador
 Este: Esquipulas Palo Gordo y San Marcos
 Oeste: El Rodeo, El Tumbador y San Pablo

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetos a la legislación nacional y las principales leyes que los rigen desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios de Guatemala está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —ley ordinaria que contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal». Por último, el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo a sus principios y tradiciones, y se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes, mientras que los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Comité Municipal de Desarrollo organizan y facilitan la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2015
 Historia Territorial de Guatemala
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Municipios de San Marcos
Patronazgo de San Rafael
Toponimia castellana de Guatemala

San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta


Mariana Preda () este o muziciană de origine română, actriță și regizor de film. A intrat în prim-plan după ce a jucat în filmul de scurt metraj multiplu premiat Doina , regizat de Nikolas Grasso. În calitate de muzician, ea este cunoscută pentru albumul său Sunrise, publicat de label-ul MAP din Italia în 2013 și pentru că a avut numeroase concerte în întreaga lume.

Tinerețe
Mariana Preda s-a născut în 1994 și a crescut în Dragodana, România. A studiat muzica la Liceul "Balasa Doamna" din Târgoviște, iar în 2013 s-a mutat la Amsterdam pentru a-și continua studiile în muzica clasică și contemporană la Conservatorium van Amsterdam. Printre profesorii săi s-au enumerat Gheorghe Zamfir, Damian Drăghici și Matthijs Koene.

Carieră

2010-2011
În 2010, Mariana a jucat rolul principal într-un scurtmetraj numit Doina, regizat de regizorul italian Nikolas Grasso. A jucat de-a lungul timpului  împreună cu actrițe românești renumite precum Maria Dinulescu și Carmen Ungureanu. Pentru spectacolul ei a primit două premii: Cea mai bună actriță la Festivalul Internațional de Film de la Monaco în 2010 și cea mai bună actriță la Festival du Cinema de Paris în 2011.

2014
În anul 2014 Mariana și-a regizat primul scurt metraj cu titlul "Viața". Short a câștigat premiul Independent Spirit la Festivalul Internațional de Film de la Monaco în decembrie 2014. Scurt metrajul a fost, de asemenea, prezentat la New York in cadrul festivalului Long Island International Film Expo.

2015
În 23 martie 2015, a participat la un spectacol intitulat "Clipe de Viata" la Teatrul Național București, alături de faimoși actori și interpreți români precum Maria Dinulescu, Ion Caramitru, Felicia Filip, Maia Morgenstern și mulți alții. Mariana a participat la prima ediție a Festivalului Untold, cel mai mare festival de muzică electronică din România, care a avut loc la Cluj-Napoca. În timpul verii a interpretat de două ori la Expo din Milano. În noiembrie, compozitorul olandez Merlijn Twaalfhoven a ales-o pe Mariana ca ambasador pentru România pentru piesa de deschidere efectuată la Festivalul de Lumină din Amsterdam.

2016
La data de 7 ianuarie 2016, la Gala LSRS care a avut loc la Palatul Parlamentului, Mariana a primit o recunoaștere specială pentru că a fost unul dintre cei mai buni studenți români din străinătate în domeniul artelor. La 18 martie, Ambasadorul României în Belgia a găzduit, la reședința sa, o seară literară care sărbătorește Ziua Internațională a Francofoniei. Evenimentul literar, moderat de Jacques De Decker, a beneficiat de intermezzosul muzical al lui Mariana Preda. Pe 1 aprilie, Mariana a cântat în Londra la St. Martin in The Fields împreună cu organistul Donald MacKenzie. Acesta a fost primul concert de flancuri organizat la acest loc.

La 15 mai, Mariana Preda a participat la "Ziua României pe Broadway" din New York. Această ocazie a reunit cei aproape 200.000 de româno-americani care trăiesc în New York City. La 28 mai, Mariana a deschis concertul renumitului muzician român Tudor Gheorghe la Catedrala Sf. Martin din Utrecht.

Pe 6 iulie, Mariana a avut primul concert de flaut în Havana, la Biserica San Francisco de Paula, eveniment organizat de Ambasada României și Ambasadorul României, Dumitru Preda.

La 7 august, Mariana a fost la a doua ediție a Festivalului Untold.

La 2 decembrie, Mariana Preda a fost invitată să interpreteze în sala Preston Bradley a Centrului Cultural Chicago împreună cu Nicolae Feraru, pianistul Gerard Cademcian și cântăreața Laura Bretan pentru Ziua Națională a României organizată de consulatul român și H.E. Consulul Mihaela Deaconu.

Note

Legatură externă

 Mariana Preda - Like a Rain (Official Video) (HALIDONMUSIC)

Nașteri în 1994
Nașteri pe 23 ianuarie
Muzicieni români în viață
Actrițe române
Regizori de film români
Oameni în viață

Mariana Preda