The Legislative Council of Quebec (French; Conseil législatif du Québec) was the unelected upper house of the bicameral legislature in the Canadian province of Quebec from 1867 to 1968. The Legislative Assembly was the elected lower house.

The council was composed of 24 members, appointed by the lieutenant governor upon the recommendation of the premier. Each councillor nominally represented a portion of the Province of Quebec called a division. The boundaries of these divisions were identical to the ones used for Canada East by the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada and were also identical to the boundaries still used today by the Senate of Canada for Quebec. The division boundaries were never changed to accommodate territorial expansions of Quebec in 1898 and 1912.

The Legislative Council was abolished in 1968 and the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly of Quebec.  Since the abolition, Quebec has a unicameral legislature.

Powers of the Legislative Council

The council had the right to introduce bills, except of a financial nature, and to amend, or veto bills passed by the Legislative Assembly. Its speaker, known in French as orateur, was by right a member of the Cabinet, and its members could serve as ministers or even premier. Two Quebec premiers, Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville and John Jones Ross were members of the Legislative Council.

Appointment of members of the Legislative Council

Members were originally appointed for life. In 1963, the rule was changed to force members to retire at age 75, but that did not apply to members who had already been appointed. In the event, the change remained entirely theoretical since the council was abolished before it could be applied to anyone.

Abolition of the Legislative Council

Effective December 31, 1968 the Legislative Council was abolished, and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was renamed the National Assembly. As a consequence, Quebec now has a unicameral legislature.  The establishment of the original system dates back to the Constitutional Act of 1791.

The Union Nationale government of Premier Jean-Jacques Bertrand passed the legislation, known as "Bill 90", to implement the change.  Previous governments had made unsuccessful attempts to eliminate the upper chamber.  In fact, the first attempt dated all the way back to Félix-Gabriel Marchand, in the late 19th century. Quebec was the last Canadian province to abolish its upper house.

When it was dissolved, it had 15 members of the Union Nationale and 9 Liberal Party members.

The Red Chamber

The large chamber that housed the Legislative Council is also known in French as le salon rouge (the red hall) and in English as "the Red Room" because of the predominance of the colour on the walls. It is now used for committee meetings and for important state functions that require a large, impressive hall, such as inductions into the National Order of Quebec.

Speakers of the Legislative Council of Quebec (1867–1968)

The Speaker of the Legislative Council (in French, the Orateur) was appointed by the government.  Most Speakers sat in the Cabinet. The Speaker was the presiding officer of the Legislative Council, but could vote like other members. In the event of a tie, the Speaker did not have a casting vote.  The motion simply failed.

Legislative Council divisions

The twenty-four members of the Legislative Council were each appointed to represent a division of Quebec.  The divisions were originally defined by statute for the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada in 1856, when  elected members were included in the Legislative Council.  The statutory descriptions of the divisions were then incorporated into the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, 1859.  In 1867, the British North America Act, 1867 simply adopted the existing twenty-four divisions for the new Legislative Council of Quebec, although the new Council was appointed, rather than elected.

Although the boundaries of Quebec were extended northwards twice, in 1898 and again in 1912, the boundaries of the Legislative Council divisions were never altered.

Alma

The Alma division was defined as:  "The Parishes of Long Point, Pointe-aux-Trembles, Rivière des Prairies, Sault aux Récollets, in the county of Hochelaga, and that part of the Parish of Montreal which lies to the East of the prolongation of St. Denis Street; the County of Laval, that part of the City of Montreal which lies to the East of Bonsécours and St. Denis Streets, and their prolongation."

Bedford

The Bedford division was defined as:  "The Counties of Missisquoi, Brome, and Shefford."

De la Durantaye

The De la Durantaye division was defined as "The remainder of the County of L'Islet, the countie[s] of Montmagny and Bellechasse and the Parishes of St. Joseph, St. Henri and Notre Dame de la Victoire, in the County of Lévi." (See the description of the Grandville division for the explanation of the "remainder of the County of L'Islet".)

De la Vallière

The De la Vallière division was defined as: "The Counties of Nicolet and Yamaska, the Townships of Wendover, Grantham, and the part of Upton which lies in the County of Drummond."

De Lanaudière

The De Lanaudière division was defined as "The remainder of the County of Maskinongé, the Counties of Berthier and Joliette, with the exception of the Parish of St. Paul, the Township of Kildare and its augmentation, and the Township of Cathcart". (See the description of the Shawinigan division for the explanation of the "remainder of the County of Maskingongé".)

De Lorimier

The De Lorimier division was defined as:  "The Counties of St. John and Napierville; St. Jean Chrysostôme and Russeltown in the County of Chateauguay; Hemmingford in the County of Huntingdon."

De Salaberry

The De Salaberry division was defined as:  "The remainder of the County of Chateauguay, the remainder of the County of Huntingdon, and the County of Beauharnois." (See the description of the De Lorimier division for the  explanation of the parishes which were excluded from the De Salaberry division.)

Grandville

The Grandville division was defined as:  "The Counties of Temiscouata and Kamouraska, the Parishes of St. Roch des Aulnets and St. Jean Port Joli, and the prolongation thereof in a straight line to the Province Line in the County of L'Islet."

Gulf

The Gulf division was defined as: "The Counties of Gaspé, Bonaventure and Rimouski."

Inkerman

The Inkerman division was defined as: "The Counties of Argenteuil, Ottawa and Pontiac."

Kennebec

The Kennebec division was defined as:  "The Counties of Lotbinière, Mégantic and Arthabaska."

La Salle

The La Salle division was defined as: "The remainder of the County of Quebec, the County of Portneuf, and all that part of the Banlieue of Quebec which lies within the Parish of Notre Dame de Québec." (See the description of The Laurentides division for the explanation of the "remainder of the County of Quebec".)

Lauzon

The Lauzon division was defined as:  "The remainder of the County of Lévi, the Counties of Dorchester and Beauce." (See the description of the De la Durantaye division for the explanation of the "remainder of the County of L'Islet".)

Mille Isles

The Mille Isles division was defined as:  "The Counties of Terrebonne and Two Mountains."

Montarville

The Montarville division was defined as:  "The Counties of Verchères, Chambly and Laprairie."

Repentigny

The Repentigny division was defined as:  "The Parish of St. Paul, the Township of Kildare and its augmentation, and the Township of Cathcart, in the County of Joliette, the Counties of L'Assomption and Montcalm".

Rigaud

The Rigaud division was defined as:  "The remainder of the Parish of Montreal, and the Counties of Jacques Cartier, Vaudreuil and Solanges." (See the description of the Alma division for the explanation of the "remainder of the Parish of Montreal".)

Rougemont

The Rougemont division was defined as "The remainder of the County of St. Hyacinth, the Counties of Rouville and Iberville." (See the description of the Saurel division for the explanation of "the remainder of the County of St. Hyacinth".)

Saurel

The Saurel division was defined as "The Counties of Richelieu and Bagot, the Parishes of St. Denis, La Présentation, St. Barnabé, and St. Jude, in the County of St. Hyacinth."

Shawinigan

The Shawinigan division was defined as "The Counties of Champlain and St. Maurice, the Town of Three Rivers, the Parishes of River du Loup, St. Léon, St. Paulin, and the Township of Hunterstown and its augmentation, in the County of Maskinongé."

Stadacona

The Stadacona division was defined as "The remainder of the City and Banlieue of Quebec." (See the description of the La Salle division for the explanation of "remainder of the City...of Quebec".)

The Laurentides

The Laurentides division was defined as:  "The Counties of Chicoutimi, Charlevoix, Saguenay and Montmorency, the Seigniory of Beauport, the Parish of Charlebourg, the Townships of Stoneham and Tewkesbury, in the County of Quebec."

Victoria

The Victoria division was defined as:  "The remainder of the City of Montreal exclusive of the Parish." (See the description of the Alma division for the explanation of the "remainder of the City of Montreal".)

Wellington

The Wellington division was defined as: "The remainder of the County of Drummond, the County of Richmond, the Town of Sherbrooke, the Counties of Wolfe, Compton, and Stanstead."  (See the description of the De la Vallière division for the explanation of the "remainder of the County of Drummond".)

Members of the Legislative Council

See also
 Legislative Council of Lower Canada
 Legislative Council of the Province of Canada

References

External links
 Members of the Legislative Council of Quebec (by divisions)
 Speakers of the Legislative Council of Quebec

Quebec
Defunct upper houses in Canada
Historical legislatures
Political history of Quebec

Legislative Council of Quebec


Gaza is a province of Mozambique. It has an area of 75,709 km2 and a population of 1,422,460 (2017 census), which is the least populous of all the provinces of Mozambique.

Xai-Xai is the capital of the province. Inhambane Province is to the east, Manica Province to the north, Maputo Province to the south, South Africa to the west, and Zimbabwe to the northwest.

Geography
Most of the district lies in the basin of the Limpopo River, which runs from northwest to southeast through the district, emptying into the Indian Ocean near Xai-Xai. The Changane River, a tributary of the Limpopo, forms part of the province's eastern boundary. The Rio dos Elefantes (Olifants River) flows into the district from the west through the Massingir Dam, to empty into the Limpopo.

The Save River forms the northern boundary of the province.

The Limpopo railway, which connects Zimbabwe and Botswana to the port of Maputo, runs through the province, entering Zimbabwe at the border town of Chicualacuala.

The province, including the towns of Xai-Xai and Chokwe, were greatly affected by the 2000 Mozambique flood.

Limpopo National Park lies within the province, bounded by the Elefantes and Limpopo rivers and the South African border. Banhine National Park lies in the east-central portion of the province. The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park and its associated conservation area, which is in the process of being formed, will cover the northern part of the province, including both national parks, and extend into adjacent parts of Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

Districts
The province was created on October 20, 1954, when Sul do Save District was divided into the districts of Gaza, Inhambane, and Lourenço Marques (later renamed Maputo). In 1978, Mozambique's districts were renamed provinces.

Gaza Province is divided into the 14 districts of:
Bilene Macia District
Chibuto District
Chicualacuala District
Chigubo District
Chonguene District
Mapai District
Chókwè District
Guijá District
Limpopo District Geographic Location and Establishment

Limpopo District one of the 14 Districts of Gaza Province. It was carved out of the existing district of Xai-Xai and the District of Bilene Macia in 2016, stretching from the Administrative Post of Chissano to its south and north of the city of Macia on the national EN 1 Motorway. It includes Administrative Posts Licilo, Chicumbane and others. To the north, it borders the provincial capital city of Xai Xai on the bank of Limpopo River. The districts lies in the Limpopo Basin.

Economy

The District of Limpopo is practically rural. It has no industrial economic activities of note. Subsistence farming is the order of the day.

The district capital is the borough of Trez De Fevereiro (3rd of February), a poor township without any form of development.

The district is home to the Toll Gate. Motorists pay approximately fifty metical for each trip.

Transport

The district is served by the national EN 1 Motorway.

Population

The district has approximately seven thousand inhabitants.

People and Education

Limpopo District is inhabited by the Shangaan people.  The dominant languages are Shangaan and Portuguese.

Forty percent of the population can read and write.  Education in the Limpopo District still requires massive investment. The majority of schools need massive construction. Many students still study under the trees.
There is no proper sanitation system. It is normal for pupils and teachers to relieve themselves in the bush.

Mabalane District
Manjacaze District
Massagena District
Massingir District
Xai-Xai District

and the municipalities of

Chibuto
Praia do Bilene
Chókwè
Macia
Manjacaze
Xai-Xai

Demographics

See also
 Chicumbo
 Estádio da Gaza
 Gazaland
 Salane

References

External links
  Gaza Province official site

Provinces of Mozambique

Gaza Province


Nicolas Reynaud (né le  à Valence) est un coureur cycliste français. Professionnel entre 1999 et 2005, il a évolué au sein des équipes Festina et RAGT Semences. Il a notamment remporté une étape du Tour de la Région wallonne.

Biographie

Palmarès sur route
 1998
 Grand Prix du Faucigny
  du Circuit des communes de la vallée du Bédat
 1999
  de la Ronde de l'Isard
  du Grand Prix de Charvieu-Chavagneux
 2002
 b étape du Tour de Catalogne de l'Avenir
  du Grand Prix de Vougy
  du Circuit boussaquin
  du Grand Prix Christian Fenioux
  du championnat de Provence sur route
  du Grand Prix d'Antibes
  du Grand Prix de Cours-la-Ville
 2003
  du Grand Prix de Charvieu-Chavagneux
  de Paris-Auxerre
 2004
  du Tour de la Région wallonne
 2006
  du Tour Alsace
  du Tour de la Dordogne
  du Tour de Gironde
  du Tour Alsace

Palmarès sur piste
 2003
  Champion de France de l'américaine (avec Jérôme Neuville)
  du championnat de France de la course aux points
 2005
  du championnat de France de la course aux points

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste français
Coureur cycliste sur piste
Naissance en avril 1977
Naissance à Valence (Drôme)

Nicolas Reynaud (cyclisme)


شركة مبادلة للتنمية هي شركة مساهمة عامة مملوكة بالكامل من قبل حكومة أبوظبي، بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. تهدف الشركة على الاستثمار في الشركات من أجل تحقيق الأرباح لإمارة أبوظبي، وذلك بإنشاء وتأسيس الشركات والمؤسسات وأيضا من خلال حيازة أوتملك حصص في الشركات بداخل أو خارج الإمارات.

وتتنوع الحقيبة الاستثمارية للشركة، فهي تستثمر عالميا في كل من القطاع الصناعي والتجاري. وقد قامت الشركة باستثمارات كبيرة في كل من قطاع الصناعات الثقيلة، والطاقة، والاتصالات، والبنية التحتية والطيران. أبرز هذه الاستثمارات تمت في الإمارات، والدول العربية، وسويسرا، وإيطاليا، ونيجيريا وهولندا.

نظام الشركة
كانت شركة مبادلة أحد المستفيدين من الانهيار المفاجئ لإمبراطورية باتيستا قطب الأعمال البرازيلي، حيث نجح الصندوق في الاستحواذ على عدد من الأصول الرخيصة التي كانت مملوكة له بما في ذلك فندق «هوتيل غلوريا» في ريو دي جانيرو، والحصول على حصص في 4 شركات كبرى متخصصة في التعدين وإنتاج النفط والفحم، وفي خلال سنوات قليلة، كان الصندوق يمتلك بالفعل استثمارات كبرى في قطاعات الطيران والزراعة والرعاية الصحية والألمنيوم وإنتاج النفط والغاز وتنقية المياه ورقائق الحاسوب، وهو ما أغرى السلطات الإماراتية لتوسعة المحفظة الاستثمارية للصندوق ومنحه أدوارا أكبر في رؤية البلاد الاقتصادية، عبر دمج شركة مبادلة للتنمية مع شركة الاستثمارات البترولية الدولية «إيبيك» (IPIC) تحت مظلة شركة قابضة واحدة هي مبادلة للاستثمار، حيث يتولى خلدون المبارك منصب الرئيس التنفيذي للشركة القابضة الجديدة.

تتوزع أعمال الشركة على مجموعتان، مجموعة عملية وأخرى إدارية. تتضمن المجموعة العملية ست وحدات يقمن بالأعمال الاستثمارية للشركة وهن:
 وحدة المقتنيات
 وحدة التكنولوجيا والطيران
 وحدة الطاقة والصناعة
 وحدة الطب
 وحدة البنية التحتية والخدمات
 وحدة العقار
مجموعة الشؤون المالية والإدارية وهي المجموعة الثانية فهي تتضمن كل الإدارات التي تقوم بالأعمال المالية والقانونية والخدمات الإدارية اللازمة للشركة.

شركات مبادلة المتخصصة
تتنوع شركات مبادلة للتنمية في العديد من القطاعات الاستثمارية ومنها:

 أشباه الموصلات
 الاستثمارات
 البنية التحتية
 التطوير العقاري
 الخدمات المالية
 الرعاية الصحية
 الطاقة المتجددة
 المرافق
 المعادن والتعدين
 النفط والغاز
 النقل والخدمات اللوجستية
 تكنولوجيا المعلومات
 صناعة الطيران

أشباه الموصلات
 شركة غلوبل فاوندريز"، الشركة المملوكة بالكامل من قبل مبادلة، ثاني أكبر شركة لإنتاج أشباه الموصلات في العالم، حيث يعمل لديها ما يزيد عن 13,000 موظف، وتغطي عملياتها ثلاث قارات.

الاستثمارات
يتم الاستثمار في جميع مجالات رأس المال ضمن محفظة متنوعة من الأوراق المالية والأسهم للشركات العالمية العامة والخاصة، وتتبع نهجاً استثمارياً يقوم على القيمة، مع التركيز على خلق القيمة على المدى البعيد ومن تلك الاستثمارات:
 إي إم أي
 الأجهزة الدقيقة المتقدمة (ايه إم دي)
 الدار
 جنرال إلكتريك
 ريليتد
 صندوق مبادلة للبنى التحتية
 فيرنو كابيتال
 مجموعة «إي بي إكس»
 مجموعة رين
 مجموعة كارلايل

في مايو 2023، وافقت مبادلة على شراء حصة أغلبية في مجموعة فورت الاستثمارية ومقرها نيويورك من مجموعة سوفت بنك اليابانية. كان من المقرر إغلاق عملية الاستحواذ البالغة 3 مليارات دولار في الربع الأول من عام 2024. ومع ذلك، فإن الصفقة التي من شأنها أن تمنح مبادلة حصصا بنسبة 70 ٪ في فور تريس كانت تخضع للتدقيق من قبل ضباط الأمن القومي الأمريكي. والصفقة، أثارت مخاوف للولايات المتحدة بشأن علاقات الإمارات مع الصين، تخضع للمراجعة عن كثب من قبل لجنة الاستثمار الأجنبي في الولايات المتحدة.,

العقارات والبنية التحتية
 مربعة سوق أبوظبي العالمي
 جزيرة الماريه
 اسكندر القابضة
 جامعة السوربون باريس – أبوظبي
 روزوود أبوظبي
 الغاليريا
 جامعة الإمارات
 مجموعة فايسروي للفنادق
 فايسروي المالديف
 مدينة زايد الرياضية
 جامعة زايد أبوظبي

الخدمات الدفاعية
 المركز العسكري المتقدم للصيانة والإصلاح والعمرة
 شركة الإمارات للصناعات العسكرية

الخدمات المالية
تستثمر مبادلة في جميع مجالات رأس المال ضمن محفظة متنوعة من الأوراق المالية والأسهم للشركات العالمية العامة والخاصة
 أبوظبي للتمويل
 شركة مرافئ أبوظبي
 الأجهزة الدقيقة المتقدمة (ايه إم دي)
 شركة الدار القابضة
 دنيا للتمويل
 مجموعة إي بي إكس
 إي إم أي
 جنرال إلكتريك
 ليسبلان الإمارات
 ميسيرو إنفستمنت مانجمنت بارتنرز
 مبادلة جي إي كابيتال
 صندوق مبادلة للبنى التحتية
 ريليتد
 مجموعة كارلايل
 مجموعة رين
 فيرنو كابيتال

الرعاية الصحية
 مركز أبوظبي لجراحة الركبة والطب الرياضي
 مركز أبوظبي للتطبيب عن بعد
 مركز العاصمة للفحص الصحي
 كليفلاند كلينك أبوظبي
 هيلث بوينت
 مركز إمبريال كوليدج لندن للسكري
 المختبر المرجعي الوطني
 مركــز تــوام للتصــوير الجــزيئي
 مركــز ووريدول

الطاقة المتجددة
 مصفوفة لندن
 مدينة مصدر
 شمس 1
 تيرسول للطاقة

المرافق
 مشروع محطة الرسيل المستقل للطاقة
 مشروع بركاء 2 المستقل للمياه والطاقة
 شركة كهرباء حجرة النوس
 تبريد

النفط والغاز
 النفط والغاز مبادلة للبترول والتي تم انشاؤها 2012
 دولفين للطاقة
 الإمارات للغاز الطبيعي المسال
 «حقل نفط الياسمين»
 مخيزنة
 حقل الغاز روبي
 تطوير

النقل والخدمات اللوجستية

تكنولوجيا المعلومات
أبرز الإستثمارات في قطاع تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في شركة مبادلة:
 إنجازات لنظم البيانات: تأسست شركة إنجازات لنظم البيانات في 2005 كمزودٍ رائدٍ لخدمات تكنولوجيا المعلومات ونظم سير العمل. وتقدمالخدمات بما في ذلك وضع الاستراتيجيات وتقديم الاستشارات في مجال تكنولوجيا المعلومات، مروراً بخدمات تكامل النظم SI، إلى تخطيط موارد المؤسسات ويقع مقرها في مدينة محمد بن زايد في أبوظبي
 اتصالات نيجيريا
 بروديا للأنظمة
 بيانات: تمت إعادة إطلاق شركة بيانات، وهي التي كلنت على مدى اربعين عاما شعبة المساحة العسكرية في القوات المسلحة سابقاً، كشركة خاصة لخدمات المساحة ورسم الخرائط في عام 2010
 خزنة
 دامبالا
 دو للاتصالات
 ياه سات

صناعة الطيران
 مجمع نبراس العين للطيران
 بياجيو آيروسبيس
 سند
 إس آر تكنيكس
 ستراتا
 شركة الخدمات والحلول التوربينية

انظر أيضا
 جهاز أبو ظبي للاستثمار.
 القابضة إيه دي كيو.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي شركة مبادلة للتنمية
 شركة مبادلة للتنمية وقائمة استثماراتها - موقع زاوية (بالإنجليزية)

استثمار
اقتصاد الإمارات العربية المتحدة
تأسيسات سنة 2017 في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
شركات إماراتية أسست في 2017
شركات استثمارية في الإمارات
شركات أسست في 2002
شركات تمتلكها حكومة أبو ظبي
شركات حكومية
صناديق ثروة سيادية

شركة مبادلة للاستثمار


Gustas Grinbergas, né le  à Vilnius en Lituanie, est un pilote de course automobile lituanien qui participe à des épreuves d'endurance au volant de voitures de Sport-prototype dans des championnats tels que l'European Le Mans Series et l'Asian Le Mans Series.

Gustas Grinbergas a remporté le titre de rookie de l'année dans le championnat Asian Le Mans Series durant le championnat 2019-2020.

Carrière

En 2019, après plusieurs saisons passées dans des championnats de karting où il a un statut de pilote officiel Birel Art, Gustas Grinbergas s'engage avec l'écurie italienne Oregon Team afin de participer au championnat European Le Mans Series au volant d'une Norma M30 dans la catégorie LMP3. Il a comme coéquipiers les pilotes italiens Damiano Fioravanti et Lorenzo Bontempelli. La saison commence bien car l'équipage finit au pied du podium lors des 4 Heures du Castellet avec le meilleur temps en course de la catégorie LMP3. Lors des 4 Heures de Monza, l'équipage réalise le meilleur temps de la première séance d'essai, mais la voiture finit la course à une modeste  place. À partir de ce moment, la saison est marquée par la malchance avec des soucis et quelques accidents, et Gustas Grinbergas finit le championnat en  position avec 20 points. A l'issue de ce championnat, Gustas Grinbergas s'engage avec l'écurie américaine Rick Ware Racing afin de participer au championnat European Le Mans Series aux mains d'une Ligier JS P2 dans la catégorie LMP2 Am à partir de le seconde manche de ce championnat. Il a comme coéquipier le pilote américain . Gustas Grinbergas gagne ensuite deux manches de ce championnat, les 4 Heures du Bend et les 4 Heures de Sepang et finit en  position lors des 4 Heures de Buriram pour finir  du championnat LMP2 Am avec 68 points.

En 2020, Gustas Grinbergas ne trouve pas d'écurie permettant de participer à l'intégralité d'un championnat. C'est ainsi qu'il dispute deux manches du championnat European Le Mans Series au volant d'une Ligier JS P320 dans la catégorie LMP3, Le Castellet 240 pour l'écurie britannique BHK Motorsport et les 4 Heures de Monza pour l'écurie britannique RLR Msport.

En 2021, comme la saison précédente, Gustas Grinbergas ne trouve pas d'écurie permettant de participer à l'intégralité d'un championnat. C'est ainsi qu'il dispute une manche du championnat European Le Mans Series, les 4 Heures du Red Bull Ring, au volant d'une Ligier JS P320 dans la catégorie LMP3 pour l'écurie polonaise Inter Europol Competition afin de remplacer son compatriote Julius Adomavicius, atteint du Covid-19.

Palmarès

Résultats en European Le Mans Series

Résultats en Asian Le Mans Series

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Gustas Grinbergas sur driverdb.com
  Gustas Grinbergas sur racingsportscars.com

Pilote automobile lituanien
Pilote des European Le Mans Series
Pilote des Asian Le Mans Series

Gustas Grinbergas


Bromelioideae, biljna potporodica, dio porrodice tamjanikovki. Pripada joj dvadesetak rodova iz tropske Amerike.

Najznačajniji rodovi su Bromelia i Ananas.

Potporodice i rodovi

 Acanthostachys Link, Klotzsch & Otto
 Aechmea Ruiz & Pav.
 Ananas Mill.
 ×Anapseudananas ined.
 Androlepis Brongn. ex Houllet
 Araeococcus Brongn.
 Billbergia Thunb.
 Bromelia L.
 Canistrum É.Morren
 Cryptanthus Otto & A.Dietr.
 Deinacanthon Mez
 Disteganthus Lem.
 Eduandrea Leme, W.Till, G.K.Br., J.R.Grant & Govaerts
 Fascicularia Mez
 Fernseea Baker
 Forzzaea Leme, S.Heller & Zizka
 Greigia Regel
 Hohenbergia Schult. & Schult.f.
 Hohenbergiopsis L.B.Sm. & Read
 × Hohenmea B.R.Silva & L.F.Sousa
 Hoplocryptanthus (Mez) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka
 Lapanthus Louzada & Versieux
 Lymania Read
 Neoglaziovia Mez
 Neoregelia L.B.Sm.
 Nidularium Lem.
 Ochagavia Phil.
 Orthophytum Beer
 Portea Brongn. ex K.Koch
 Quesnelia Gaudich.
 Rokautskyia Leme, S.Heller & Zizka
 Ronnbergia É.Morren & André
 Sincoraea Ule
 Wittmackia Mez
 Wittrockia Lindm.

Izvori

Tamjanikovke

Bromelioideae


Portela Susã Portekiz'de Viana do Castelo belediyesine bağlı olan, 4,13 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 590 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Viana do Castelo

Portela Susã


Barreiro de Besteiros Portekiz'de Tondela belediyesine bağlı olan, 34,00 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 1.061 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Tondela

Barreiro de Besteiros


O Monasticismo copta é dito ser a forma original do monasticismo, pois Santo Antonio do Egito tornou-se o primeiro a ser chamado "monge" (grego: μοναχός) e foi o primeiro a estabelecer um mosteiro cristão que é agora conhecido como o Mosteiro de Santo Antonio na base do Monte Colzim. O Mosteiro de Santo Antonio (também conhecido como o Mosteiro de Abba Antonious) é o mais antigo mosteiro cristão do mundo.

Embora o modo de vida de Santo Antonio estivesse focado na solidão, São Pacômio, o Cenobita, um copta do Alto Egito, estabeleceu o monasticismo comunal nos seus mosteiros do Alto Egito, o qual estabeleceu a estrutura monástica básica para muitos dos mosteiros de hoje em dia em muitas ordens monásticas, mesmo fora da Ortodoxia copta.

Origens
O monasticismo institucional cristão parece ter começado nos desertos do Egito no século IV d.C. como uma espécie de martírio vivo. Estudiosos como Lester K. Little atribuem a ascensão do monasticismo nesta época às imensas mudanças na Igreja que foram provocadas pela aceitação do Cristianismo por Constantino como a principal religião romana. Isto acabou com a posição dos cristãos como um pequeno grupo que se acreditava ser a elite piedosa. Em resposta, uma nova forma mais avançada de dedicação foi desenvolvida para preservar um núcleo de dedicados. O fim da perseguição também significou que o martírio não era mais uma opção para provar a piedade de alguém. Ao invés disso, o "martírio" a longo prazo do asceta tornou-se comum.

Muitos cristãos egípcios foram para o deserto durante o século III e lá permaneceram para orar, trabalhar e dedicar suas vidas à reclusão e à adoração a Deus. Este foi o início do movimento monástico, organizado por Antônio, o Grande, São Paulo, o primeiro anacoreta do mundo, São Macário, o Grande e São Pacômio, o Cenobita, no século IV.

São Pacômio
Pacômio estabeleceu seu primeiro mosteiro entre 318 e 323 em Tabennisi, Egito, e quando cresceu muito, seu segundo, o Mosteiro de Pabau, foi construído em Faou. Pacômio passou a maior parte do tempo em Pabau. Na época de sua morte em 345, uma contagem estima que havia 3.000 mosteiros espalhados pelo Egito de norte a sul. Uma geração após sua morte, esse número cresceu para 7.000 e depois se expandiu do Egito para a Palestina e o deserto da Judéia, Síria, norte da África e, eventualmente, Europa Ocidental.

Monasticismo
O monasticismo cristão nasceu no Egito e foi fundamental na formação da Igreja Copta Ortodoxa de caráter de submissão, simplicidade e humildade, graças aos ensinamentos e escritos dos Grandes Padres dos Desertos do Egito. No final do século V, havia centenas de mosteiros e milhares de celas e cavernas espalhadas pelo deserto Egípcio. Um grande número desses mosteiros ainda está florescendo e tem novas vocações até hoje.

Todo o monasticismo cristão deriva, direta ou indiretamente, do exemplo egípcio: São Basílio, o Grande, Arcebispo de Cesareia da Capadócia, fundador e organizador do movimento monástico na Ásia Menor, visitou o Egito por volta de 357 e seu governo é seguido pelas Igrejas ortodoxas orientais; São Jerônimo que traduziu a Bíblia para o latim, veio ao Egito, a caminho de Jerusalém, por volta do ano 400 e deixou detalhes de suas experiências em suas cartas; Bento fundou a Ordem Beneditina no século VI seguindo o modelo de São Pacômio, mas de forma mais estrita. Inúmeros peregrinos visitaram os "Padres do Deserto" para imitar suas vidas espirituais e disciplinadas.

O monasticismo copta assumiu três formas:

 Monarquismo - Os anacoretas ou ermitões viviam em total isolamento, visitando o abade apenas quando precisavam de aconselhamento. Cada ermitão organizava sua própria oração, vestuário, comida e trabalho. O primeiro anacoreta do mundo foi São Paulo. Ele viveu durante oitenta anos no deserto egípcio sem ver uma única pessoa. Alguns eremitas entraram nos desertos interiores e se estabeleceram ali durante dezenas de anos, não vendo ninguém. Santa Maria do Egito foi um destes, e é também considerada como um daqueles eremitas que são chamados de "Peregrinos", que não tinham uma célula específica, mas viviam sem teto, vagando no deserto;
 O sistema cenobítico - Sob este sistema, fundado por São Pacômio no Alto Egito, os monges viviam em uma comunidade dentro das paredes do mosteiro, em associação uns com os outros, governados por um abade e por regras. Mesmo através deste sistema, o monasticismo cristão nunca perdeu seu anseio pelo monarquismo;
 O Sistema comunal ou vida semi-eremítica - Esta forma de monasticismo está a meio caminho entre o monarquismo e o sistema cenobítico. O modo de vida de Santo Antônio, como descrito por Santo Atanásio, era na verdade semi-eremita em essência, pois os monges viviam em cavernas ou celas separadas e se reuniam ocasionalmente para a Divina Liturgia ou reuniões espirituais. Assim, Santo Antônio preparou o caminho para a ordem comunal. Nas terras selvagens de Nitria e Scetis a ordem comunal foi estabelecida por São Amoun e São Macário, o Grande. Ali, os ascetas não viviam em absoluto isolamento, mas em celas construídas a tal distância que não podiam ver nem ouvir um ao outro. Eles se reuniam para as orações comunitárias aos sábados e domingos.

Status moderno
A Igreja Ortodoxa Copta tem muitos mosteiros e conventos que abrigam muitos monges e monjas. Todos os bispos coptas são escolhidos entre os monges, embora isso não fosse necessário tradicionalmente.

O monasticismo copta viu um reavivamento que começou nos anos 60 durante o papado do Papa Cirilo VI de Alexandria, e atualmente existem mosteiros e conventos coptas no Egito, Estados Unidos, Austrália e Europa que foram reconhecidos pelo Santo Sínodo da Igreja Ortodoxa Copta.

Existem atualmente 33 mosteiros no Egito e nas terras da imigração com um total de mais de 1.000 monges, e seis conventos com cerca de 300 monjas. Os maiores mosteiros, e mais famosos, estão em Wadi Natrun, cerca de 60 milhas a noroeste do Cairo. Eles são os únicos quatro dos antigos mosteiros fortificados auto-suficientes que sobreviveram de muitos que estavam no vale do Wadi Natroun.

Galeria

Ver também

 Igreja Ortodoxa Copta

 Padres do Deserto
 Grandes Irmãos
 Parabolanos

Referência

Monasticismo
Monasticismo cristão
Cristãos coptas
Igreja Ortodoxa Copta
Cristianismo no Egito

Monasticismo copta


Feminices é um filme de comédia dramática brasileiro de 2005 dirigido por Domingos de Oliveira baseado na peça Confissões das Mulheres de 40, escrita por Clarice Niskier. O filme conta a história de quatro atrizes ensaiando para uma peça de teatro. É protagonizado por Priscilla Rozenbaum, Dedina Bernardelli, Cacá Mourthé e Clarice Niskier.

Sinopse
Quatro atrizes na faixa dos 40 anos se reúnem no teatro para revisar o texto da peça cujo título é Confissões das Mulheres de 40, gerando desconfiança do diretor do espetáculo que argumenta que mulheres dessa faixa etária não possuem confissões. Entre conversas, elas falam sobre suas vontades, casamento, filhos e problemas pessoais.

Elenco

 Clarice Niskier como Eugênia
 Priscilla Rozenbaum como Diana
 Dedina Bernardelli como Isabel
 Cacá Mourthé como Babi
 Domingos de Oliveira como Mariano

Produção
Feminices é o terceiro filme de Domingos de Oliveira após um grande hiato em sua carreira que durou até o final dos anos 1990. Junto com Amores (1999) e Separações (2002), compõe um "trilogia informal" na carreira do cineasta que reúne temas sobre relações amorosas e comportamento social.

O longa é baseado na peça de teatro Confissões de Mulheres de 40, escrita por Clarice Niskier, a qual também atua como uma das protagonistas do filme, e encenada em 2003. O filme funciona como um semi-documentário. O diretor usou o texto da peça e disse às quatros atrizes protagonistas (Priscilla Rozenbaum, Dedina Bernardelli, Cacá Mourthé e Clarice Niskier) para improvisarem um texto de cinema.

Lançamento
Feminices foi selecionado para a mostra oficial do Festival do Rio de 2004. O filme foi lançado em 28 de janeiro de 2005 nos cinemas do Brasil.

Recepção
Em sua crítica ao website Papo de Cinema, Robledo Milani escreveu que "Feminices [é] uma obra divertida, pertinente e, ao mesmo tempo, leve. A curta duração (são apenas 72 minutos) é outra vantagem, pois oferece informação e entretenimento sem ser didático ou cansativo. Exibido na seleção oficial do Festival do Rio 2004, tem-se aqui um filme que fala de pessoas reais, de dramas verdadeiros e de um estilo de vida distante da fantasia onírica e escapista, mesmo que às vezes seja dura e até mesmo cruel. Mas, acima de tudo, identificável."

Prêmios e indicações

Ligações externas

Filmes do Brasil de 2005
Filmes de comédia dramática do Brasil

Feminices


Mihovil Novaković ( - ), hrvatski fotograf

Životopis
Rodio se 1872. godine. Fotografijom se bavio amaterski. Rad je povijesno dokumentarno vrijedan jer svjedoči o životu građanskih obitelji na početku 20. stoljeća u Zadru i Benkovcu. Negativi koje je napravio može se datirati u radoblje od početka 20. stoljeća do 1933. godine. Dio digitaliziranih negativa je na mrežnim stranicama Europeane u sklopu projekta Partage Plus, odnosno digitalizacije secesijske kulturne baštine Hrvatske. Manji dio zbirke od 677 staklenih negativa i pozitiva u Narodnom muzeju Zadar koja čini Zbirku Novaković Mihovilovo je djelo, te a u većoj mjeri njegova brata Zvonimira.

Izvori

Životopisi, Zadar
Hrvatski fotografi

Mihovil Novaković


Lars-Eric Lundvall (* 3. April 1934 in Karlskoga; † 8. April 2020) war ein schwedischer Eishockeyspieler.

Karriere

Lars-Eric Lundvall begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler in seiner Heimatstadt beim IFK Bofors, für dessen Profimannschaft er von 1950 bis 1955 in der Division 1, der damals höchsten schwedischen Spielklasse, sowie der zweitklassigen Division 2 aktiv war. Zur Saison 1955/56 wurde der Flügelspieler vom Södertälje SK verpflichtet, mit dem er auf Anhieb Schwedischer Meister wurde. Nach einer weiteren Spielzeit in Södertälje, spielte er ein Jahr lang für seinen Heimatklub IFK Bofors, ehe er von 1958 bis 1960 erneut für den Södertälje SK in der Division 1 auf dem Eis stand. Zuletzt lief der Schwede von 1960 bis 1968 für den Västra Frölunda IF auf, mit dem er in der Saison 1964/65 ebenfalls den nationalen Meistertitel gewann.

International
Für Schweden nahm Lundvall an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1956 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1960 in Squaw Valley und 1964 in Innsbruck teil. Bei den Winterspielen 1964 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft die Silbermedaille. Zudem stand er im Aufgebot seines Landes bei den Weltmeisterschaften 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963 und 1965. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 1957 und 1962 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft jeweils die Goldmedaille. Als bestes europäisches Team wurde Schweden zudem jeweils Europameister. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 1958 und 1965 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft jeweils die Bronze-, bei der WM 1963 die Silbermedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1956 Schwedischer Meister mit dem Södertälje SK
 1959 Schwedisches All-Star Team
 1960 Schwedisches All-Star Team
 1965 Schwedischer Meister mit dem Västra Frölunda IF
 1965 Rinkens riddare

International

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Schweden)
Eishockeyspieler (Frölunda HC)
Eishockeyspieler (Södertälje SK)
Olympiateilnehmer (Schweden)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1956
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1960
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1964
Europameister (Eishockey)
Weltmeister (Eishockey)
Schwedischer Meister (Eishockey)
Schwede
Geboren 1934
Gestorben 2020
Mann

Lars-Eric Lundvall


{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ribonucleasa T1}}

La ribonucleasa T1 () es una endonucleasa que se encuentra en los fungi que rompe moléculas de ARN de cadena simple después de residuos de guanina en su terminal 3'. La forma más estudiada de esta enzima es la versión que se encuentra en el Aspergillus orzyae. Debido a su especificidad por la guanina, se usa frecuentemente para digerir ARN desnaturalizado antes de su secuenciación. Igual que con otras ribonucleasas como la barnasa y la ribonucleasa A, la ribonucleasa T1 es popular para la realización de estudios de plegado.

Estructuralmente, la ribonucleasa T1 es una proteína α+β pequeña de 104 aminoácidos con cuatro filamentos antiparalelos de láminas beta que cubren una hélice alfa de casi 5 vueltas. La ribonucleasa T1 tiene dos enlaces disulfuro, Cys2-Cys10 y Cys6-Cys103, el segundo de los cuales contribuye más a la estabilidad de la proteína. La reducción completa de los dos enlaces disulfuro normalmente rompe el plegamiento de la proteína, aunque éste puede ser recuperado con altas concentraciones salinas.

La ribonucleasa T1 tiene también cuatro residuos prolina, dos de los cuales (Pro-39 y Pro-55) tienen isómeros cis de sus enlaces peptídicos X-Pro. Los isómeros no nativos de estas prolinas pueden retardar dramáticamente el plegamiento conformacional a unos 7000 segundos (casi dos horas) a 10 C y pH 5.

Referencias

Nucleasas

Ribonucleasa T1


මාගම්පුර මහින්ද රාජපක්‍ෂ වරාය ( හම්බන්තොට වරාය හෝ රුහුණු මාගම්පුර වරාය ලෙසද කටවහරේ හැඳින්වෙන)  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හම්බන්තොට ප්‍රදේශයේ පිහිටා ඇති ජාත්‍යන්තර වරායකි.

හම්බන්තොට දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ තිස්සමහාරාම පූරවදේශයේ පිහිටා ඇති මාගම්පුර මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ වරායෙහි වැඩ අරඹනු ලැබුවේ 2008 ජනවාරි මස තුළදීය. 2010 නොවැම්බර් මස 18 වන දින විවෘත කළ මෙහි නැංගුරම්පළවල් 3කි. චීන රජයේ මූල්‍ය අනුග්‍රහය ලබාගෙන නිමවා ඇති මෙම වරාය ලොව ප්‍රථම අභ්‍යන්තර වරාය වේ. මෙහි ප්‍රථම අදියරේ ආයෝජනය ඇ.ඩෝ. මිලියන 361 වන අතර ඉන් 85% සැපයුනේ චීනයේ එක්-ඊම් බැංකුවයි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 කොළඹ වරාය
 ගාලු වරාය

මූලාශ්‍ර

හම්බන්තොට
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වරායවල්

මාගම්පුර මහින්ද රාජපක්‍ෂ වරාය


Kruševik, bivše selo na širem području mjesta Kaštel Kambelovca, Grad Kaštela.

Selo je postojalo u srednjem vijeku u starohrvatsko doba. Osnovano je na padinama gore Kozjaka. Središte sela bila je crkvica sv. Martina od Kruševika. Danas ju se naziva Gospe na Krugu ili Gospe od Snijega. Pod hrvatsko-ugarskim vladarima ovaj je kraj s podkozjačkim selima obilježen stalnim sukobima Splita i Trogira za prevlast u Kaštelanskom polju.

Kruševik je dio niza kaštelanskih sela koje su seljani napustili zbog učestalih turskih upada i pljačkanja, te se preselili uz morsku obalu gdje su podigli utvrđena naselja, uz kaštele na morskim hridinama koje su podigli splitski i trogirski zemljoposjednici. Napuštena sela su Smoljevac, Putalj, Lažani, Kozice, Ostrog, Šušnjare, Radun, Špiljan, Žestinj i Bijaći, a bila su se nalazila podno Trečanice (602 m), Opora (650 m) i Kozjaka (780 m). Naselja kao što su Babe, Žestin, Špiljan, Radun, Ostrog, Kruševik i ina bila su na južnim padinama Kozjaka; selo Baba lokva bilo je pogranično između Osmanskog Carstva i Mletačke Republike, a napušteno je koncem 16. stoljeća pred osmanskom najezdom. Kruševik je bio sjeverno od Lažana, od kojih je danas ostao toponim na obroncima Kozjaka, na hridi Krugu. Da zaštite sebe i seljane Lažana i Kruševika, braća Jerolim i Nikola Cambi, splitski plemići i zemljoposjednici, poduzeli su mjere. 1478. godine ishodovano je odobrenje i sukladno s njime sagradili 1517. godine kaštel na otočiću uz obalu na području današnjeg Kaštel Kambelovca. Isto tako su nekoliko godina poslije seljaci iz Kruševika 1525. godine podignuli dva kaštela - Veliku i Malu Piškeru, što je jedini primjer u Kaštelima da su seljaci izgradili svoje utvrde.

Izvori

Bivša naselja u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Kaštela

Kruševik


El término Terroso puede hacer referencia a:

 Terroso (apellido), apellido de origen cántabro.

Divisiones administrativa

en España
 Terroso (Orense), lugar y parroquia del municipio de Vilardevós, en la provincia de Orense.
 Terroso (Zamora), localidad del municipio de Cobreros, en la provincia de Zamora.
 San Martín del Terroso, localidad del municipio de Cobreros, en la provincia de Zamora.

en Portugal
 Aver-o-Mar, Amorim e Terroso, freguesia del municipio de Póvoa de Varzim, distrito de Oporto.
 Cividade de Terroso, yacimiento arqueológico en União das Freguesias de Aver-o-Mar, Amorim e Terroso, municipio de Póvoa de Varzim, distrito de Oporto.
 Terroso (Aver-o-Mar, Amorim e Terroso), localidad de la freguesia de Aver-o-Mar, Amorim e Terroso, municipio de Póvoa de Varzim, distrito de Oporto.
 Terroso (Espinhosela), localidad de la freguesia de Espinhosela, municipio y distrito de Bragança.
 Terroso (Palmeira de Faro e Curvos), localidad de la freguesia de Palmeira de Faro e Curvos, municipio de Esposende, distrito de Braga.

Terroso


صالح أوقروت (مواليد 22 مارس 1961 في بريف لا غايارد بفرنسا) هو ممثل وكوميدي، ومقدم تلفزيوني، وإذاعي وكاتب سيناريو جزائري. متزوج من المخرجة الجزائرية فاطمة بلحاج.

فيلموغرافيا

سينما

تلفزيون

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من البليدة
أشخاص من بريف لا غايلارد
كوميديون جزائريون
مسرحيون جزائريون
ممثلو أفلام جزائريون
ممثلو تلفزيون جزائريون
ممثلون وممثلات جزائريون
مواليد 1380 هـ
مواليد 1961

صالح أوقروت


Carrickglass (oder der Labby-Rock, ), () im County Sligo in Irland wird von Kenneth McNally der Clown unter den irischen Dolmen genannt. Er bildet aufgrund der Proportionen das bizarrste Vermächtnis der neolithischen Megalithbaumeister des 4. Jahrtausends v. Chr.

Beschreibung
Über beinahe zierlichen Tragsteinen liegt ein Deckstein aus grobkörnigem Kalkstein mit einem Gewicht von etwa 70 Tonnen. Der mit Heidekraut bewachsene massive Block ist etwa 4,5 m lang, 2,7 m breit und 2,4 m dick. Wie diese Masse in ihre Position, etwa 1,3 m über dem Boden, gehoben wurde, ist unbekannt. Vermutlich stammt der Deckstein von dieser Stelle, da es schwer vorstellbar ist, dass er transportiert worden sein könnte. Die Kammer des Portal Tomb misst etwa 1,8 × 0,9 m. Die Anlage ist in letzter Zeit nicht ausgegraben worden, aber im 19. Jahrhundert wurde hier Leichenbrand entdeckt. Der Zugang war mit Türplatten verschlossen. Als Portal Tombs werden Megalithanlagen auf den Britischen Inseln bezeichnet, bei denen zwei gleich hohe, aufrecht stehende Steine mit einem Türstein dazwischen, die Vorderseite einer Kammer bilden, die mit einem gewaltigen Deckstein bedeckt ist.

Dieses abseits gelegene Denkmal liegt am Feldrand hinter einem Bauernhof, in der Nähe des nördlichen Endes des Lough Arrow, bei Heapstown etwa 6,4 km westnordwestlich von Ballyfarnham.

Legende
Nuada, der König der Túatha Dé Danann, der in der zweiten Schlacht von Moytirra getötet wurde, soll unter dem Labby Rock begraben sein.

Siehe auch
 Megalithanlagen in Irland
 Menhir von Lecarrowkilleen

Literatur
 James Fergusson: Rude Stone Monuments. In all countries their age and uses. Murray, London 1872.
 Kenneth McNally: Standing Stones and other monuments of early Ireland. Appletree, Belfast 1984, ISBN 0-86281-121-X.
 Seán Ó Nualláin: Survey of the megalithic tombs of Ireland. Band V: County Sligo 1989, ISBN 0-7076-0080-4.

Weblinks
 Bilder
 Beschreibung und Bilder (englisch)
 Beschreibung und Bilder (englisch)
 Beschreibung und Bilder (englisch)

Kultbau
Megalithanlage in Irland
Portal Tomb
Archäologischer Fundplatz im County Sligo

Carrickglass


Disruption betyder afbrydelse, forstyrrelse eller sammenbrud. Det bruges især om det fænomen, at brugen af ny teknologi ændrer markedssituationen markant og eksempelvis medfører, at de hidtidige produkter og virksomheder bliver overflødige på feltet. Eksempler er Airbnb, der har ændret udlejningsmarkedet, og andre former for platformsøkonomi som Uber. Også Wikipedia kan betegnes som et eksempel på disruption - fremkomsten af den gratis internetbaserede encyklopædi har kraftigt ændret markedet for salg af encyklopædier.

Ordet er første gang registreret af Dansk Sprognævn i en artikel i Politiken i 2014. Brugt om følgerne af teknologisk innovation stammer det fra den amerikanske professor Clayton M. Christensen fra Harvard Business School, der i 1995 introducerede begrebet disruptive technology og senere udviklede teorien om disruptiv innovation.

Disruptiv innovation beskriver en proces, hvor små virksomheder med færre ressourcer er i stand til succesfuldt at udfordre etablerede modne virksomheder.

Disruption og kreativ destruktion

Selvom ordet er forholdsvis nyt, især på dansk, er den bagvedliggende tankegang betydelig ældre. Teorien om disruptiv innovation kan således spores tilbage til den østrigsk-amerikanske økonom Joseph Schumpeter, som i 1942 introducerede begrebet kreativ destruktion (creative destruction) - det fænomen, at en ny opfindelse, samtidig med at den skaber nye produkter og virksomheder, overflødiggør andre varer og jobfunktioner.

Digital Disruption
Mange af de eksempler, der gives på disruption er digitale. Det særlige ved det digitale felt er, at teknologien udvikles eksponentielt, da den følger Moores lov. Derfor sker disruptiv innovation på det digitale felt væsentligt hurtigere end på andre områder. Det tværfaglige forskningsbaserede Konsortium for Digital Disruption på Aalborg Universitet adresserer dette.

Disruptionråd

Ordet disruption kom for alvor til at indgå i samfundsdebatten, da det optrådte i Regeringen Lars Løkke Rasmussen III's regeringsgrundlag. Her er et af regeringens ønsker oprettelsen af et disruptionråd, også kaldet "Partnerskab om fremtidens arbejdsmarked", hvor arbejdsmarkedets parter, virksomheder, eksperter og relevante ministre skal drøfte og analysere fremtidens arbejdsmarked". Rådets opgave at pege på veje til, at de mange nye trends som digitalisering, robotter og kunstig intelligens kan gøre Danmark rigere og give bedre velfærd – og samtidig pege på, hvordan danskerne trygt kan gå denne fremtid i møde, hvor mange traditionelle job forsvinder.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger
 Den Danske Ordbog: Disruption, hvor ordet defineres sådan: "udvikling hvor en teknologisk innovation pludselig vender helt op og ned på et eksisterende marked eller skaber et helt nyt".
 Analyse: "Hvad betyder det mærkelige ord disruption?"  Fra DR's hjemmeside den 29. nov. 2016. Artiklen handler især om det kommende "disruptionsråd".

Innovation

Disruption


Marcello Venuti est un antiquaire italien né le  et décédé le .

Biographie
Marcello Venuti nait à Cortone le . Il fit ses études chez les Jésuites au collège Cicognini de Prato et à l'Université de Pise, à l'école du P. Guido Grandi et de Giuseppe Averani. En 1731 il est élu conservateur de l'Ordre de Saint-Étienne. L'infant don Carlos, depuis roi des Deux-Siciles, le charge ensuite de la garde de ses bibliothèques et de la galerie Farnèse, fonction qu'il occupe brièvement de 1738 à 1740. Il le charge aussi de surveiller les fouilles qui se pratiquent à Herculanum. Venuti s'acquitte de cette mission ; puis il publie une Description des premières découvertes faites dans l'antique cité d'Herculanum, Rome, 1749, in-4°, et Venise, in-8°. Cet ouvrage, le premier de ceux qui allaient être publiés en grand nombre sur cette matière, est riche en précieux détails. Le premier aussi il est traduit en plusieurs langues étrangères. Il vaut à l'auteur le titre de marquis, que lui confère le roi de Naples. De son côté, il contribue avec ardeur aux travaux de la société botanique de sa ville natale, où l'on se montre fort sensible à sa mort, survenue en juillet 1755. La même année un éloge latin de Marcello Venuti parait, qui a pour auteur Lodovico Coltellini, de Florence.

Œuvres
 .
 .

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Antiquaire (sens ancien)
Archéologue italien du XVIIIe siècle
Naissance en août 1700
Décès en juillet 1755
Naissance à Cortone
Décès à Cortone
Décès à 54 ans

Marcello Venuti


Louis Knox Barlow (born July 17, 1966) is an American alternative rock musician and songwriter. A founding member of the groups Dinosaur Jr., Sebadoh and The Folk Implosion, Barlow is credited with helping to pioneer the lo-fi style of rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. His first band, which was formed in Amherst, Massachusetts, was Deep Wound. Barlow was born in Dayton, Ohio, and raised in Jackson, Michigan, and Westfield, Massachusetts.

Barlow has released four solo albums.

Dinosaur Jr.

Barlow attended high school in Westfield, Massachusetts, where he met Scott Helland. The two formed the Massachusetts-based hardcore punk band Deep Wound. J Mascis joined the band after answering their ad for a "drummer wanted to play really fast". After becoming disillusioned with the constraints of hardcore, Deep Wound broke up in 1984. Mascis and Barlow reunited that year to form Dinosaur, later Dinosaur Jr. Mascis and Barlow had personality conflicts throughout Dinosaur Jr.'s early existence, and after the 1988 release of their third album, Bug, and the initial supporting tour, Barlow was kicked out of the band.

In 2005, Barlow rejoined the band alongside the original drummer, Murph. Since then, the band has reissued its first three records, toured extensively worldwide and released five new records, Beyond, Farm, I Bet on Sky, Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not, and Sweep It Into Space .

Sebadoh, Sentridoh and the Folk Implosion

After his dismissal from Dinosaur Jr., Barlow turned his attention to his band Sebadoh, which he had formed earlier with multi-instrumentalist Eric Gaffney. The project featured low fidelity recording techniques and combined Barlow's introspective, confessional songwriting with Gaffney's discordant noise collages. Bassist and songwriter Jason Loewenstein was added to the line-up in 1989. Sebadoh's early releases include The Freed Man (1989) and Weed Forestin' (1990), the latter of which was originally self-released under the name Sentridoh in 1987. Both albums were officially released by Homestead Records, as was the band's third album, Sebadoh III (1991), which helped establish the "lo-fi" subgenre and became a defining album of 90s indie rock. The band released several studio-recorded albums on Sub Pop Records throughout the 1990s.

As Sebadoh grew in popularity and critical acclaim, Barlow continued work on the Sentridoh side project, which featured mostly home-recorded material similar to his output on the first three Sebadoh albums, but often recorded solo and with a less consistent sound quality. Sentridoh released a trio of cassette-only albums on Shrimper Records in the early 1990s, with the highlights later being collected on CD and vinyl compilations like Winning Losers: A Collection of Home Recordings 89–93 (1994) and Another Collection of Home Recordings (1994). In 1993, Sentridoh released a popular single for the song "Losercore," on the label Smells Like Records founded by Steve Shelley of the American rock band, Sonic Youth. Barlow has called it "the most finely executed of all my releases" thanks to Shelley, who "made sure this looked and sounded great." Numerous other Sentridoh releases on a variety of record labels followed, including releases on his own Loobiecore label.

In 1994, Barlow formed the Folk Implosion with singer-songwriter John Davis. The band released several singles and EPs, and in 1995 reached the Top 40 with the song "Natural One", from the soundtrack to the film Kids by Larry Clark. It remains Barlow's biggest commercial hit.

After the release of Sebadoh's eighth album, The Sebadoh, in 1999, the band went on hiatus and its members went on to pursue other projects. Barlow continued to work with the Folk Implosion, releasing One Part Lullaby in 1999. Barlow took a break from the Folk Implosion in 2000 to collaborate on the album Subsonic 6 with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé. In 2003, Barlow released The New Folk Implosion featuring Imaad Wasif on guitar and Sebadoh drummer Russ Pollard on drums. The same year, he appeared as a musician in the film Laurel Canyon.  In the spring of 2004, Barlow briefly reunited with Loewenstein for the "Turbo Acoustic" Sebadoh tour. During this tour, he also reunited with J Mascis for a performance of the song "Video Prick" with former Deep Wound vocalist Charlie Nakajima.  This performance led to a full-fledged Dinosaur Jr. reunion in 2005, with original members Barlow, Mascis and Murph performing "The Lung" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on April 15, 2005, and a show at Spaceland in Los Angeles the following night.  The band then played well-received tours of the U.S. and Europe throughout the rest of the year, and in 2006 headed to Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In 2007, Barlow reunited with Loewenstein and Gaffney to perform the first Sebadoh shows with the "classic" lineup in 14 years. In June 2013, Sebadoh released their first new music in 14 years; the music was released as an EP precursor to their new album, "Defend Yourself," which was released in September 2013. Both of the new EP and LP albums were released through Joyful Noise Recordings.

Other collaborations
 Released the instrumental split album Subsonic 6 (2000) with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé
 Sings on the track "Some" by Sharon Stoned, on the album License to Confuse (1995)
 Sings on the tracks "My Brother Moves" and "Everything You Know Is Wrong" by Production Club, from the album Follow Your Bliss (2003)
 Sings on the track "In the City in the Rain" by the 6ths on Wasps' Nests 6 6/6"
 Plays bass on the track "Strange Song" by Supreme Dicks, on the album The Unexamined Life (1993)

Solo work
Barlow released the first album under his own name, Emoh, in January 2005 on Merge Records. It featured long-time collaborators such as Sebadoh members Jason Loewenstein and Russ Pollard and Lou's sister Abby Barlow, and featured a higher production value than many of his previous solo releases. Jason Crock of Pitchfork called it "the most consistently strong record he's released since The Folk Implosion's One Part Lullaby" and wrote that "even if much of it was recorded at home, Emoh'''s 14 unassuming folk songs sound like they were created in a professional setting." In November 2005, Barlow toured the Iberian Peninsula to promote the album.

Barlow released his second solo album, Goodnight Unknown, in October 2009 on Merge. It was produced by Andrew Murdock and featured numerous guest musicians, including Imaad Wasif on guitar and Dale Crover of the Melvins and Murph on drums.  Barlow toured the album in the U.S. in the fall of 2009, opening for Dinosaur Jr. and backed by The Missingmen of Mike Watt + the Missingmen.

Barlow's third solo album, Brace the Wave, was released on September 4, 2015, on Joyful Noise Recordings. It was recorded in six days with Justin Pizzoferrato, who also worked as a sound engineer for Dinosaur Jr. at Sonelab Studios in Massachusetts. The tracks from Brace the Wave feature Barlow's ukulele playing. Barlow also took 100 original Polaroid selfies to accompany the VIP vinyl edition of the album.

On October 28, 2016, Barlow released a 5 track EP entitled Apocalypse Fetish on Joyful Noise Recordings

In April 2021, it was announced that a solo album entitled Reason to Live would be released on May 28 via Joyful Noise.

 Personal life
Barlow's first marriage was to Kathleen Billus, with whom he has two children, Hendrix and Hannelore.

In May 2015, he married knitwear designer Adelle Louise Burda, with whom he has a daughter, Izetta.

 Radio and podcast appearances
Barlow appeared on WTF with Marc Maron on episode 448 released December 2, 2013.

Barlow appeared on comedian Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor podcast on September 18, 2015.

He has also appeared on episode 71 of the Duncan Trussell Family Hour podcast on June 24, 2013.

At the tail end of 2022 he started a podcast with his wife Adelle called RAW Impressions in which he free form talks about various topics, and plays music.

Discography

Albums

 Singles

 EPs

Live

Compilation

Featured in compilations

with Dinosaur JrDinosaur (1985)You're Living All Over Me (1987)Bug (1988)Beyond (2007)Farm (2009)I Bet on Sky (2012)Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not (2016)Sweep It Into Space (2021)

Tribute
(2012) Just Gimme Lou Barlow'' (A Paperheart Tribute to)

References

External links
 Lou Barlow's website

 Official Sebadoh website
 Lou Barlow interview at Prefixmag
 Interview with Lou Barlow (via Talk Rock To Me) August 17, 2012

1966 births
American indie rock musicians
Living people
Guitarists from Massachusetts
Musicians from Dayton, Ohio
Mint Records artists
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
Dinosaur Jr. members
Sebadoh members
The Folk Implosion members
Guitarists from Ohio
20th-century American guitarists
Joyful Noise Recordings artists
21st-century American guitarists
Noise Addict members
Merge Records artists
Shrimper Records artists
Sub Pop artists
City Slang artists
Domino Recording Company artists

Lou Barlow


Atât de strălucitoare e vederea este un film românesc din 2014 regizat de Joël Florescu și Michaël Florescu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Bianca Valea și Ovidiu Niculescu. A avut premiera în selecția oficială a celei de-a 36-a ediţii a Festivalului Internaţional de Film de la Moscova.

Prezentare

Povestea filmului are loc în ziua de azi în București, imediat după criza economică. Estera lucrează într-un departament de relații cu clienții și este indecisă în a-și părăsi slujba pentru un alt loc de muncă în Atlanta. Mama sa, proaspăt divorțată, a plecat în Statele Unite și insistă ca fiica sa să facă la fel. Estera își pune speranța într-un interviu cu Mike, un antreprenor român-american cu dare de mână care a fost coleg cu tatăl său aflat acum la închisoare. Mike însă este o epavă dominată de propriile probleme.

Distribuție
 Bianca Valea - Estera
 Ovidiu Niculescu - Mike
 Robi Urs - Vlad
 Valentina Popa - Raluca
 Dana Apostol - Rivka
 Cristina Olteanu - Oana
 Dana Cucos - Luminița

Producție
Joel Florescu și Michael Florescu, scenariștii și regizorii filmului, sunt frați gemeni de origine româno-franceză, care au început proiecte cinematografice în București, ca parte a  Romanian Independent Film Collective.

Primire

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2014 în film
 Listă de filme românești din 2014

Filme din 2014
Filme românești
Filme dramatice românești
Filme în limba română
Filme regizate de frații Florescu

Atât de strălucitoare e vederea


Citizen K est un film américain réalisé par Alex Gibney, sorti en 2019.

Synopsis
L'histoire de Mikhaïl Khodorkovski, homme le plus riche de Russie, emprisonné et devenu martyr du régime de Vladimir Poutine.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Citizen K
 Réalisation : Alex Gibney
 Scénario : Alex Gibney
 Musique : Ivor Guest et Robert Logan
 Photographie : Mark Garrett et Denis Sinyakov
 Montage : Michael J. Palmer
 Production : John Battsek, George Chignell, Erin Edeiken, Alex Gibney et P. J. van Sandwijk
 Société de production : Jigsaw Productions, Passion Pictures et Storyteller Productions
 Société de distribution : Greenwich Entertainment (États-Unis)
 Pays :  et
 Genre : Documentaire
 Durée : 126 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :
 :

Accueil
Le film a reçu un accueil favorable de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 76 % sur Metacritic.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2019
Film britannique sorti en 2019
Film documentaire américain
Film documentaire britannique
Film documentaire sur une personnalité du monde des affaires

Citizen K


Biserica armeano-gregoriană "Sfânta Treime" din Botoșani, situată pe strada Armeană nr. 15, în cartierul Miorița, a fost ridicată în anul 1795 cu ajutorul comunității armene din Botoșani. Turnul de clopotniță a fost finalizat în anul 1816. Aceasta se află pe lista monumentelor istorice din România. În lista monumentelor istorice a fost inclus și Ansamblul bisericii armenești "Sf. Treime" cu Codul LMI  (RAN: 35740.22). Turnul clopotniță este inclus în lista monumentelor istorice cu codul LMI  (RAN: 35740.22.03).

Una dintre cele mai vechi biserici armenești din România, Biserica "Sfânta Treime" din municipiul Botoșani, care datează de la sfârșitul anilor 1700, are nevoie urgentă de fonduri guvernamentale pentru a evita prăbușirea ei. În această listă este inclus și Zidul de incintă cu codul LMI BT-II-m-B-01859.03 (RAN: 35740.22.04).

Administratorul proprietăților Comunității armenești din Botoșani a declarat că membrii comunității nu pot susține financiar consolidarea lăcașului de cult, iar, fără sprijin din partea autorităților statului, monumentul istoric se poate demola. Biserica "Sfânta Treime" din Botoșani, care se află pe lista monumentelor istorice, se află "în colaps", necesitând intervenții în regim de urgență. Comunitatea armeană dorește ca această biserică să intre în Programul Național de Reabilitare.

Galerie

Legături externe

Biserica armenească " Sfânta Treime " din Botoșani, una dintre cele mai vechi din țară, în pericol de prăbușire
Biserica armenească 'Sfânta Treime' are nevoie urgentă de fonduri guvernamentale pentru a nu se prăbuși
Cea mai frumoasă biserică ortodoxă a Moldovei, la un pas de prăbușire. Cum a fost abandonat vechiul lăcaș de cult ridicat de armeni acum 400 de ani

Biserici apostolice armenești în România
Creștinism
Monumente istorice din județul Botoșani
Monumente istorice din Botoșani
T

Biserica armeano-gregoriană „Sfânta Treime” din Botoșani


Ray County may refer to:

 Ray County, Iran
 Ray County, Missouri, U.S.

See also
 Rhea County, Tennessee, U.S.

Ray County


Malbran ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Lisca Malbran (1925–1946), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Werner Malbran (1900–1980), deutscher Schauspieler, Regisseur, Drehbuchautor, Synchronautor und Filmproduzent

Malbran


Colsubsidio es una caja de compensación familiar, creada en 1957 , con el fin de contribuir al bienestar y al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de las poblaciones que tiene a cargo, aportando al cierre de brechas sociales.

Historia
Esta organización cuenta con un amplio portafolio de servicios y productos para las familias colombianas como: Vivienda, Subsidios, Educación, Créditos, Seguros, Mercado, Salud, Droguerías, Servicios Farmacéuticos, Clubes, Teatro y Cultura, Deportes, Turismo, Productividad y Sostenibilidad.

Se resaltan importantes hitos a lo largo de su historia como lo es su primer almacén y droguería en 1963, en 1965 iniciaron con el instituto de educación femenina ICEF y en turismo dieron la apertura a los hoteles Colonial y Lanceros en 1975.

En 1981, buscando ofrecer atención a la primera infancia, inauguraron la Clínica Infantil y ese mismo año le apostaron a la cultura y al arte con el Teatro Colsubsidio. Por otra parte, en 1984 crearon un espacio de esparcimiento para las familias colombianas con Piscilago- parque acuático y de conservación, siendo hoy este parque uno de los 10 mejores de Latinoamérica, según Tripadvisor.

En 1989, construyó la  Ciudadela Colsubsidio en Bogotá, un referente urbanístico bajo el concepto de desarrollar una ciudad dentro de la ciudad. Para el 2000, iniciaron con el fondo de atención integral a la niñez –FONIÑEZ–  y en el 2010 inauguraron la CET –Colsubsidio Educación Tecnológica– con el fin de conectar la demanda y la oferta laboral.

En el 2011, realizaron la apertura de El Cubo, una infraestructura sostenible, y en 2015 abrieron la Clínica Calle 100 especialista en alta complejidad, enfocada en la atención integral del adulto, con patología de alto riesgo cardiovascular.

Pensando en el bienestar, la salud física y mental de los niños, jóvenes y adultos, en el 2021 llegaron con los Bloc –Bienestar local Colsubsidio–, donde ofrece bienestar y entretenimiento en las localidades y para toda la familia;  y para el 2022 le apostaron a las empresas como el principal motor de desarrollo económico, lanzando una red de productividad que conecta a las organizaciones con espacios para la innovación, el coworking además de herramientas, programas, plataformas y conexiones de valor para la formación y la consecución de talento humano.

Es una organización que trabaja constantemente en la innovación, esto les permitió ser reconocidos en el 2022 como una de las 30 empresas más innovadoras del país y la única caja de compensación que hace parte de este ranking de la ANDI. Por otra parte, fueron considerados después de pandemia, la empresa que más empleos protegió a través del programa PAEF del Gobierno Nacional y es la séptima empresa generadora de empleo en Colombia con más de 18 mil trabajadores. En el 2022, entregaron un billón de subsidios a las familias colombianas.

Servicios y productos
Colsubsidio cuenta con un amplio portafolio de servicios y productos:

1. Bienestar: con Vivienda, Subsidios, Educación (jardines, colegios, y CET – Colsubsidio Educación Tecnológica), Créditos, Seguros, droguerías y Mercado.

2. Salud: Cuenta con una de las redes de prestación de servicios de salud más grandes del país con 7 clínicas especializadas, centros médicos, más de 500 droguerías, servicios farmacéuticos y droguerías incluyentes que cuenta con una infraestructura especializada y personal apto para atender a usuarios con diferentes tipos de discapacidad a nivel nacional

3. Entretenimiento: con sus Clubes, Teatro y cultura, Deportes y Bienestar Local Colsubsidio (BLOC) lleva salud mental y física a distintas localidades de Bogotá.

4. Turismo: Con su cadena hotelera tiene 6 hoteles ubicados en Boyacá, Llanos Orientales y Girardot, además de Agencia de Viajes y Piscilago, el Parque Acuático y de conservación, más grande de Colombia y catalogado por Tripadvisor como uno de los 10 mejores parques acuáticos de Latinoamérica.

5. Productividad: Con una red de coworking llamada Táctica; espacios para la innovación y estrategia llamados Concepta; El Cubo Centro Empresarial; Centro para el Desarrollo Empresarial y del Talento; servicios de empleabilidad para la búsqueda del Talento Humano; Desarrollo empresarial; formación y Valúa- plataforma digital de reconocimiento.

6. Sostenibilidad: Con la comunidad empresarial Xposible.

Colsubsidio cuenta con 11 subsidios destinados para las familias colombianas:

- Subsidio Familiar / Cuota monetaria

- Bono lonchera

- Bono escolar

- Fallecimiento del beneficiario

- Fallecimiento del trabajador

- Auxilio de protección familiar por fallecimiento del trabajador

- Subsidio por vivienda nueva

- Mejoramiento de vivienda

- Construcción en sitio propio

- Subsidio de arrendamiento y Arrendamiento con opción de compra

- Subsidio de desempleo.

Además, Colsubsidio ha sido catalogada como una de las 30 empresas más innovadoras en Colombia, según el ranking de la ANDI. Tiene presencia en 18 departamentos con algún servicio, en más de 60 municipios de Cundinamarca y más de 332 puntos de atención en Bogotá.

Hitos en la historia de Colsubsidio
1963: Creación primer almacén y droguería Colsubsidio

1965: Inauguración del Instituto Colsubsidio de Educación Femenina (ICEF)

1975: Apertura hoteles Colonial y Lanceros

1981: Creación Clínica Infantil y Teatro Colsubsidio

1984: Creación de Piscilago

1989: Inauguración Ciudadela Colsubsidio

1990: Inicio Fondo de Vivienda de Interés Social (FOVIS)

2000: Creación fondo de atención Integral a la niñez

2007: Expansión de droguerías Colsubsidio en 6 ciudades

2010: Inauguración de la Corporación de Educación Tecnológica Colsubsidio (CET)

2011: Creación de El Cubo Colsubsidio

2012: Inicio de la Ciudadela Maiporé

2015: Inauguración Clínica Calle 100

2021: Inauguración Bienestar Local Colsubsidio (Bloc)

2022: Lanzamiento de la Red de Productividad

Véase también
Caja de Compensación Familiar

Referencias

La ANDI presenta los resultados del Ranking de Innovación Empresarial 2022

Información organizacional de Colsubsidio

"Entregaremos 1,2 billones de pesos este año en subsidios": director de Colsubsidio

"En Colsubsidio cerraremos este 2022 con más de $1 billón entregados en subsidios"

"Somos la séptima empresa generadora de empleo en el país con 18.000 trabajadores"

Luis Carlos Arango Vélez, director de Colsubsidio

La ANDI presenta los resultados del Ranking de Innovación Empresarial 2022

"Colsubsidio: La empresa social de los colombianos", Paola Forero

Cerrar brechas sociales, el objetivo para construir un mejor país

Cajas de Compensación en Colombia
Supermercados de Colombia

Colsubsidio