Sin é um filme de drama mudo americano de 1915 escrito e dirigido por Herbert Brenon e estrelado por Theda Bara. Foi produzido pela Fox Film Corporation e filmado no Fox Studios em Fort Lee, New Jersey.

Elenco

 Theda Bara como Rosa
 William E. Shay como Luigi
 Warner Oland como Pietro
 Henry Leone como Giovanni
 Louise Rial como Maria

Status de preservação
O filme atualmente é considerado perdido.

Recepção
Para ressaltar e aprimorar ainda mais a imagem de Theda Bara como uma "vampira", a Fox Film Corporation divulgou o filme com o slogan "Sin With Theda Bara!" ("Pecado com Theda Bara!"). Após seu lançamento, Sin foi um enorme sucesso com o público e Bara recebeu boas críticas por sua atuação. Apesar do sucesso em outras locações, o filme foi proibido em Ohio e na Geórgia devido aos seus temas de suicídio, luxúria, sacrilégio católico romano e triângulos amorosos. O Pittsburgh Board of Welfare condenou o filme, assim como o Kansas Board of Censorship, embora este último aparentemente ainda permitisse a apresentação do filme nos cinemas do Kansas.

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1915
Filmes mudos dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes perdidos
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em língua inglesa

Sin (filme)


පරිගණක මෘදුකාංග යනු පරිගණක දෘඩාංග මගින් පැහැදිලි ලෙස වටහා ගත හැකි වැඩසටහනකි. එමගින් භෞතික අන්තර්සම්බන්ධතා සහ මෘදුකාංග ගබඩා කිරීමට හා ධාවනයට උපකාරීවන උපාංග වටකර ඇත. පරිගණකවලදී මෘදුකාංග "රැම්" මතකයට පළමුව හරවන අතර එය ධාවනයවන්නේ මධ්‍යම සැකස්ම් පද්ධතියෙනි. ප්‍රාථමික මට්ටමේදී මෘදුකාංගයක් තුල යාන්ත්‍රික භාෂාවක් ඇතුලත් වේ. යාන්ත්‍රික භාෂාවක අන්තර්ගතය වන්නේ ද්විමය වටිනාකම් වන අතර එමගින් පරිගණකයේ ස්වභාවය පූර්ව ස්වභාවයෙන් වෙනස් කිරීම සඳහා සකසනයට උපදෙස් නිකුත් කරයි. මෘදුකාංගයක් යනු නියෝග කල එනම් ස්ථිර අනු පිළි‍වෙලක මගින් විශේෂ අනුපිලිවෙලකට පරිගණක දෘඩාංග ස්වභාවය වෙනස් කිරීමයි. එය සාමාන්‍ය‍යෙන් ඉහල මට්ටමේ වැඩසටහන් කරන භාෂාවන් මගින් ලියන අතර එමනිසා යාන්ත්‍රික භාෂාවට වඩා මිනිසුන්හට මෙම ක්‍රමය පහසු සහ කාර්යක්ෂම එකක් බවට පත් වී ඇත. ඉහළ මට්ටමේ වැඩසටහන් කරන භාෂාවන්ද යාන්ත්‍රික භාෂා කේත වලට අනුකූල නිර්මාණය කර ඇත. එසේම එක් "එකලස" භාෂාවක් (assembly language) යොදාගෙන ද ලිවිය හැකි අතර විශේෂයෙන් යාන්ත්‍රික භාෂාවක ධාරණමය නිරූපණයකදී සාමාන්‍ය භාෂා හෙරඩියක් යොදා ගැනීම ඊට හේතුව වේ. එක්ලස් කරුවකු හරහා මෙම එක්ලස් බැස විෂය වස්තුවට එක්රැස් කර ගත හැකිය.
මෘදුකාංග ("software" ) යන වදන 1958 දී ජෝන් W ටුකි(John W. Tukey) විසින් පළමුව මෙම විෂයේදී ඉදිරිපත් කර ඇත. "පරිගණක විද්‍යාව" සහ මෘදුකාංග ඉංජිනේරු ශිල්පය යන විෂයන් හිදී සියළුම පරිගණක වැඩසටහන් "පරිගණක මෘදුකාංග" ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. බොහෝ නූතන මෘදුකාංග සඳහා මූලය වූ මෙම න්‍යාය මුල්වරට 1935 දී "ඇලන්ටුරින්" විසින් ඔහුගේ නිබන්ධනයකින් ඉදිරිපත් කර ඇත.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_software#Relationship_to_computer_hardware

මෘදුකාංග - පරිගණක දෘඩාංග සමඟ ඇති සබඳතාව


Das Dameneinzel der French Open 1973 war ein Tenniswettbewerb in Paris.

Titelverteidigerin war Billie Jean King. Das Finale bestritten Margaret Court und Chris Evert, das Court in drei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Hauptrunde

Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Weblinks

Dameneinzel
1973

French Open 1973/Dameneinzel


سبخة أريانة هي إحدى السباخ التونسية وتقع شمال بحيرة تونس التي يفصلها عنها سهل سكرة، كما يفصلها حاجز رملي عن خليج تونس يمتد من رواد إلى قمرت، ولذلك فاتصالها بالبحر غير مستمر.
 تبلغ مساحة مساحة سبخة أريانة حوالي 5 آلاف هكتار.
 أعلن عام 2008 عن إقامة مشروع إماراتي على جزء من السبخة يمتد إنجازه على عشرين عاما.

أريانة

سبخة أريانة


Raphaël Covain, né en 1975, est un ichtyologiste français spécialisé dans l'étude des poissons-chats (siluriformes), et en particulier des loricariidae d'Amérique du Sud (Guyana, Guyane française, Suriname, Pérou). Il travaille au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève à partir de 2008.

Taxons décrits
Raphaël Covain a décrit ou co-décrit les genres et sous-genres suivants :
 Cryptancistrus Fisch-Muller, Mol & Covain, 2018
 Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain, 2011
 Panaqolus (Panafilus) Lujan, Cramer, Covain, Fisch-Muller & López-Fernández, 2017
 Panaqolus (Panaqoco) Lujan, Cramer, Covain, Fisch-Muller & López-Fernández, 2017
 Pseudoqolus Lujan, Cramer, Covain, Fisch-Muller & López-Fernández, 2017

Et les espèces ou sous-espèces suivantes :

Publications

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1975
Ichtyologiste

Raphaël Covain


The Elan Valley Reservoirs () are a chain of man-made lakes created from damming the Elan and Claerwen rivers within the Elan Valley in Mid Wales. The reservoirs, which were built by the Birmingham Corporation Water Department, provide clean drinking water for Birmingham in the West Midlands of England. The five lakes are known as the Claerwen, Craig-goch, Pen-y-garreg, Garreg-ddu, and Caban-coch.

Water from the reservoirs is carried by gravity to Frankley Reservoir in Birmingham via the Elan aqueduct. Pumping is not required because the network drops  along its  length from its source to Frankley. A gradient of 1:2300 maintains a flow of less than ; water takes one and a half to two days to reach Birmingham. The aqueduct, which was started in 1896 and opened in 1906, crosses several valleys and features numerous brick tunnels, pipelines, and valve houses.

Work to build the Elan Valley reservoirs was undertaken because the rapid growth of the industrial city of Birmingham in the late 19th century had led to a lack of available clean water. Numerous outbreaks of disease prompted Birmingham City Council to petition the British government which passed the Birmingham Corporation Water Act in 1892. It allowed the corporation to acquire by compulsory purchase all the land within the water catchment area of the Elan Valleys. Thousands of navvies and their families lived in the purpose-built Elan Village during the construction of the first four dams at the turn of the 20th century. In 1952, the Claerwen dam was opened by Elizabeth II in one of her first official engagements as monarch.

Drinking water from the Elan Valley is noted for being exceptionally soft, contrasting with water from local supplies in the West Midlands, not served by the Elan aqueduct, which are noted for hardness.

The reservoirs are now owned and managed by Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water. The water filtration works further down the valley is run by Severn Trent Water.

Description

There are four main dams and reservoirs (constructed 1893–1904 in Elan Valley, and 1946–1952 at Claerwen) with a potential total capacity of nearly 100,000 megalitres. The dams and reservoirs are:
Caban-coch 35,530 megalitre capacity
Pen-y-garreg – 6,055 megalitre capacity
Craig-goch – 9,220 megalitre capacity
Claerwen – 48,694 megalitre capacity.

In addition to the four main dams, there are three other dams at the site:
The Dol-y-mynach dam – it was to be one of a series of three dams that would be built to contain the waters of Afon Claerwen. They were to be constructed in accordance with the growth of Birmingham. However, the project was never completed even though the masonry foundations of the first dam were laid at the same time the Elan Valley dams were being constructed. The work had to be done in advance because the water level of the Caban Coch would have submerged the site once the reservoir was full. The three-dam project became redundant when newer materials and superior engineering allowed the construction of the single larger Claerwen dam higher up the valley in the 1940/50s.
The Nant-y-Gro dam – this small dam was constructed in the early stages of the project to supply water to the navvies village at the site; it was used during the Second World War by Sir Barnes Wallis during trials of the explosive charges he intended to use in the bouncing bombs which later targeted the Ruhr dams.
The Garreg-ddu dam – although looking like a viaduct, it is actually a submerged dam. Its role is to maintain a sufficient level in the Garreg-ddu reservoir so water can enter the Foel Tower and the gravity-driven aqueduct to the Frankley Reservoir in Birmingham. The dam is only required to operate during times of extreme drought.

History

Construction

The Elan dam scheme was developed in the 19th century following rapid growth of the population of Birmingham in England due to the Industrial Revolution. The city's expansion resulted in regular outbreaks of water-borne diseases and major epidemics such as typhoid, cholera and dysentery because of the lack of clean water.

Victorian politician, Joseph Chamberlain, the leader of Birmingham City Council began a campaign to get clean water from the Elan and Claerwen valleys in mid Wales. The area, which had been identified by civil engineer James Mansergh, would be ideal for water reservoirs because:
it had an average annual rainfall of .
dams could be easily built in the narrow valleys.
the bedrock was impermeable to water.
there was no need for pumping stations because the reservoirs in Wales would be  above the water cisterns in Birmingham.

In 1892, Parliament passed the Birmingham Corporation Water Act allowing the Corporation to effect compulsory purchase of the total water catchment area of the Elan and Claerwen valleys (approximately . The Act also gave Birmingham Corporation powers to move more than 100 people living in the Elan Valley. All the buildings were demolished; these included three manor houses (two of which had links with the English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1812), 18 farms, a school and a church (which was replaced with Nantgwyllt Church). Only landowners were given compensation.

Work began to construct the reservoirs the following year in 1893. Construction was overseen by James Mansergh, on behalf of the City of Birmingham's Water Department. Due to the height above sea level of the Elan Valley, water would be fed to Birmingham along a  pipeline that employed a gravity feed with a gradient of 1 in 2,300. The schedule for the project was to build the four lower Elan Valley dams first. The Claerwen would then be built later (work was expected to begin 1939 but was delayed by the Second World War; it was completed in 1952).

Mineral railway
The Elan Valley Railway, which was a standard-gauge line, was built by Birmingham Corporation especially for the project. It ran through the Elan Valley from a junction near Rhayader on the Mid-Wales Railway. The first section to be built was a  branch from the main line at Rhayader to the main work site at the Caban-coch dam. This depot included a cement cooling shed, general stores, coal storage, workshops for carpenters, smiths, fitters and wagon builders, and sawmills. Further branches were eventually built to all the other dam sites. Engines and trucks reached the top of the dams on wooden trestle scaffolds supported by concrete parapets. The line went as far as the site where the foundations of the Dol-y-mynach dam were being built (lower down the valley from the later Claerwen dam). At its height, the railway had a total length of  with six locomotives transporting up to 1,000 tons of materials a day. Following the completion of the lower dams, the entire Elan Valley Railway had been entirely lifted by 1916.
Road transport was used when the Claerwen dam was built in the late 1940s and '50s.

The railway was required because the core of the Caban-coch, Pen-y-garreg and Craig-goch dams were built from large irregular stone blocks ("plums") embedded in concrete. The rock was mined locally from Cigfran and Craig-cnwch quarries by the Elan River and the Aberdeuddwr quarry on Cerrig Gwynion, just to the south of Rhayader. The shaped stones were hauled by locomotive to the dam sites on flatbed trucks. They were then lowered into place by steam crane. The central cores of the dams were encased with a  concrete lining. The outside walls were faced with cut stone brought from quarries at Llanelwedd near Builth Wells and Pontypridd. The cement, which was made near Chatham in Kent, was sent by sea to Aberystwyth and brought by railway to the Elan Valley.

The cost of the Elan valley scheme ran over budget because of the failure to find suitable building stone near any of the dams apart from Caban-coch, as well as the necessity of bringing in facing stone from other quarries in mid and south Wales.

Workers' village
During the ten-year project to build the Elan Valley dams, the navvies (workers) lived in a village of wooden huts near the site. This settlement, which was strictly controlled to keep order and health, would eventually become Elan Village (see Elan Valley). Guards controlled access in and out; this was done to reduce illness and to stop liquor smuggling. All new workers were deloused and examined for infectious diseases before being admitted. To keep order, a man and his wife shared a terrace house with eight single men. A school was provided for under-11-year-olds, who were expected to work on attaining that age. The camp also had a hospital for injuries, an isolation hospital for infectious cases, and a bath house. Men were allowed to drink beer at a pub, though women were not. Other facilities included a library, public hall, shop and canteen.

Hydro-electricity
Electric street lighting in the construction village was powered by hydroelectric generators. A century later, small-scale hydro-generation was again introduced as a by-product of some of the Elan Valley reservoirs. , a renewable-energy firm, Infinis, is operating five water turbines in the district with a combined capacity of about 4 MW.

Opening and later progress

The project to supply water to Birmingham was officially opened by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra on 21 July 1904. As the first four dams provided enough drinking water to meet Birmingham's needs in the early 20th century, it was proposed not to proceed with the damming of the River Claerwen at Dol-y-mynach, Ciloerwynt and Pant-y-beddau until the 1930s.

However, that phase of construction was postponed due to the outbreak of the Second World War. It was not until 1946 that work began on damming the Claerwen. Plans to build the Dol-y-mynach, Ciloerwynt and Pant-y-beddau dams were dropped because of improvements in civil engineering and materials. Instead, work began on a single, much larger, concrete dam higher up the valley. As its designers wanted the Claerwen dam to visually match the earlier dams in the Elan Valley, Italian stonemasons were contracted to decorate the facade  in a mock Victorian ashlar. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened Claerwen Reservoir in 1952 in one of her first engagements as monarch.

A scale model of the reservoir network, in the form of ornamental ponds, is located in Cannon Hill Park in Birmingham.

Dam Busters

In 1942, the Nant-y-Gro dam, which had been originally built to provide water for the navvies' village, was used by Barnes Wallis to prove his theory that an underwater explosion could create sufficient hydrostatic pressure to collapse a dam wall. The test proved successful as a significant breach in the middle of the  dam wall was caused by a charge placed at its base.

The lessons learned at Nant-y-Gro green lit the development of the "Upkeep" bouncing bombs. They were used in the 1943 Dam Busters raid when RAF Bomber Command breached and damaged several dams in the Ruhr Valley, Germany.

The remains of the breached Nant-y-Gro dam are in much the same state as it was left in 1942, although partly obscured by trees.

After the Dam Busters raid, steel cables were strung across the valley above the Caban-coch reservoir as a precautionary measure against German reprisals.

Aborted expansion scheme

In the early 1970s it was proposed that the Craig-goch reservoir should be substantially increased in size with a new and higher downstream dam together with another dam to the north-west, impounding water that would otherwise have flowed down the Ystwyth valley. This scheme would have created a huge reservoir dwarfing all others in Mid Wales, and flooding miles of wild upland valleys. The proposals were eventually abandoned in the face of reducing projections for industrial water demand and an increasing awareness of the environmental issues that such an expansion might create.

In popular culture
 Elizabeth Clarke wrote The Valley (published by Faber & Faber, 1969) an account of Welsh hill farming life in the valley between the two main periods of construction. Many references are made to the dams, as well as an account of the later enquiry from the hill farmers' point of view.
 Francis Brett Young researched the Elan Valley as the basis for his novel The House under the Water [Heinemann, 1932] imagining how the scene may have appeared in 1887.

See also
 Reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom

References

Notes

Bibliography
  (Note: Published July 1954, on the 50 year Jubilee of the Elan Supply Scheme).
 Judge, Colin W. [1987] (1997). The Elan Valley Railway: The Railway of the Birmingham Corporation Waterworks. (OL 71) Headington: The Oakwood Press. (1997: ).

External links
 Dams & Reservoirs at official Elan Valley website
 Dam Busters at Nant-y-Gro dam at thedambusters.org.uk
 Nant-y-Gro dam in March 2000
 Aerial Photo of Claerwen
 Elan Historic Landscape
 Abandoned Communities ... Reservoirs of Wales
 Report of a 1901 lecture by James Mansergh

Dams in Powys
Dams in Wales
Elenydd
History of Birmingham, West Midlands
Reservoirs in Powys
Water supply in Birmingham, West Midlands

Elan Valley Reservoirs


Religija u Grčkoj zastupljena je s nekoliko vjerskih zajednica.

Povijest
Grčka je tradicijski kršćanska zemlja istočne Crkve, t.j. pravoslavlja. Osmanska osvajanja donijela su islam i još neke druge vjerske zajednice iz raznih djelova carstva, koje su uglavnom bile u velikim gradovima, poput židovske, armenske i slično. Mletačka osvajanja donijela su rimokatolički element u grčku vjersku sliku. Nakon grčko - turskog rata 1920-ih i razmjene stanovništva, Grčka je gotovo u potpunosti ostala bez muslimanskih vjernika.

Vjerska struktura
Procjene koje navodi CIA govore o sljedećem vjerskom sastavu:
 pravoslavni (Grčka pravoslavna Crkva, službena vjera) 98%
 muslimani 1,3%
 ostali 0,7%

Galerija

Izvori

Religija u Grčkoj


القوات البحرية الليبية هي القوات البحرية لليبيا تأسست في 2 نوفمبر 1962. تعتبر القوات البحرية الليبية صغيرة نسبيا مقارنة مع قوات دول أخرى متواجدة في البحر المتوسط. تتألف من عدد محدد من الفرقاطات ذات الصواريخ والفرقيطات ومجموعة من زوارق الدوريات لحماية السواحل. كما أنها تعتمد بشكل دائم على معدات مستوردة خارجيا إضافة إلى التدريب.

أول سفينة حربية سلمت للبحرية الليبية كانت الكاسحة «زليطن» في العام 1966 وفي الأعوام اللاحقة انضمت الفرقاطة «طبرق» ثم سفينة الصيانة «زلطن» مع ثلاث زوارق من فئية فوسبر وهي «سوسة، سرت وسبها» والتي تمركزت في طرابلس.
وأثناء العام 1969 انضمت الزوارق «غريان، خولان، مراوة وصبراتة» للخدمة متمركزة في بنغازى والزورق «بنينا» متمركزا في طبرق حيث اقتصرت في بدايتها على قدرة محدودة، لكن هذا الأمر تغير بعد مجيئ العقيد معمر القذافي في 1969 فمنذ ذلك التاريخ بدأت ليبيا في زيادة التسلح بأسلحة من أوروبا والاتحاد السوفييتي.
تم دمج الجمارك وخفر السواحل في البحرية العام 1970 لتشمل مهمة القوات البحرية جباية الرسوم الجمركية ومكافحة التهريب.

يبلغ عدد أفراد البحرية الإجمالي قرابة خمسة عشر الف فرد.

اداراة القوات البحرية
 الإدارة العامة
 الإدارة الماليه
 الإدارة الامنية
 إدارة الاليات
 إدارة التموين
 إدارة الجمارك
 إدارة الحراسات
 إدارة العلاقات العامة
 إدارة البرامج الخاصة
 إدارة البحث والتطوير
 إدارة التدريب العام البحرية

شعبات القوات البحرية
 شعبة الامداد
 شعبة التخطيط
 شعبة العمليات
 شعبة التسليح
 شعبة المخازن
 الشعبة الفنية
 شعبة تنظيم والإدارة

الرتب العسكرية للقوات البحرية
 الفريق أول
 الفريق
 اللواء
 العميد
 العقيد
 المقدم
 الرائد
 النقيب
 الملازم أول
 الملازم

الاسطول العسكرية للقوات البحرية
 الفرقاطات
فرقاطة ذات السواري
فرقاطة الهاني
 الغواصات
غواصة بدر
غواصة الفاتح
غواصة احد
غواصة المطرقة
غواصة خيبر
غواصة حنين
 الخافرات
خافرت طبرق وثلاثة خافرات أخرى
 كاسحات الغام
سبع كاسحات الغام
 سفن انزال
سفينة القرضابية اكبرهم واربعة سفن أخرى
 زوارق حربية
زورق سبها وزورق السداد وزورق غريان وزورق سوسة وزورق سرت وزورق مراوه وزورق الخولان وزورق بنينا وخمسة وعشرون زورق حربي أخرى
 مجموعة قوارب لحرس السواحل البحرية

تنقسم القوات البحرية
 قوات جهاز حرس السواحل
 قوات الدفاع الساحلي
 القوات الخاصة البحرية
 كتائب مشاة البحرية
 كتائب ضفادع بشرية
 كتائب مظلات بحرية
 شرطة البحرية

المراكز التعليمية التابع للقوات البحرية
 الاكاديمية البحرية
 مركز البحوث والدراسات البحرية
 الثانوية البحرية طرابلس
 الثانوية البحرية بنغازي
 مراكز التدريب العام

خلفية
مهمة البحرية الأساسية هي حماية الساحل الليبي المتوسطي الذي يصل طوله إلى 1770 كم (1100 ميل)، حيث تم تعزيز هذه القوات في عقد السبعينيات حيث تم شراء 6 غواصات فوكستروت كلاس "Foxtrot class" وهي جيدة التسليح وسريعة، وأيضا قامت ليبيا بشراء 4 طرادت من نوع اساد كلاس assad class من إيطاليا مزودة بصواريخ طويلة المدى مكن نوع اوتومات otomat مزودة أيضا بأجهزة سونار وطوربيدات متطورة، اثنتين منهما فقط لا تزالان في الخدمة، وقد شكلت تلك الغواصات تهديدا رئيسيا للبحرية الأمريكية المتواجدة في البحر المتوسط. في ذات الوقت قامت ليبيا بشراء 4 طرادات من نوع نانوشكا كلاس "Nanuchka class" روسية. والتي تم تسليحها بشكل جيد.

في يناير 2008 قامت السفينة الحربية الروسية «إيفان بوبنوف» بزيارة إلى ميناء طرابلس البحري، حيث مكثت عدة أيام. وقد اعتبر العقيد البحري إيغور ديغالو مساعد القائد العام للأسطول البحري الحربي الروسي أن الأسطول الروسي والقوات البحرية الليبية «استأنفا اتصالاتهما بعد انقطاع طويل» مضيفا أن استئناف الاتصالات مع القوات البحرية الليبية هو بغية «تعزيز التفاهم والثقة في منطقة البحر الأبيض المتوسط».

قادة القوات البحرية السابقين
 الرائد بحار منصور بدر من 1962 إلى 1969 خريج الكلية البحرية التركية
 العقيد بحار عبد اللطيف الشكشوكي من 1969 إلى 1994 خريج الكلية البحرية اليونانية
 الفريق ركن بحار حمدي الشيباني السويحلي من 1994 إلى 2011 خريج الكلية البحرية اليونانية
 العميد بحار حسن على بوشناق من 2011 إلى 2014 خريج الكلية البحرية اليونانية
 اللواء بحار سالم ارحومة من 2014 إلى 2018.

القواعد البحرية
 بنغازي
 مصراتة
 طبرق
 طرابلس (تعرضت لقصف جوي من قبل قوات التحالف في 20 مايو 2011)
 درنة
 الخمس (تعرضت لقصف جوي من قبل قوات التحالف في 20 مايو 2011)
 سرت (تعرضت لقصف جوي من قبل قوات التحالف في 20 مايو 2011)

مراجع

الحرب الأهلية الليبية (2011)
تأسيسات سنة 1962 في ليبيا
سلاح البحرية حسب البلد
عسكرية ليبيا
وحدات وتشكيلات عسكرية أسست في 1962

قوات البحرية الليبية


Stjepan Šajković (1631. ‒ 1694.), hrvatski katolički svećenik, isusovac.

Nepravedno nije poznat široj javnosti, jer je među prvim hrvatskim profesorima na inozemnim sveučilištima. Predavao je filozofiju na učilištu u Štajerskom Gradcu i Košicama.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Hrvatski isusovci
Hrvatski filozofi
Hrvati u Austriji
Hrvati u Slovačkoj

Stjepan Šajković


est le  de l'année 2022.

Événements
 2 mai : aux Philippines, un incendie détruit 80 maisons à Quezon City, tuant huit personnes, dont six enfants.
 5 mai :
 les inondations dans douze provinces d'Afghanistan détruisent 500 maisons, tuent 22 personnes et en blessent 40.
 publication de Guerre, roman posthume de Louis-Ferdinand Céline.
 élections législatives nord-irlandaises, le parti républicain irlandais Sinn Féin devrait remporter le plus de sièges à l'Assemblée d'Irlande du Nord avec 29 % des votes de première préférence, marquant la première fois qu'un parti unioniste ne remporte pas le plus de sièges depuis la création de l'Irlande du Nord en 1921.
 6 mai : à Cuba, une explosion dans un hôtel de La Havane fait 43 morts.
 9 mai :
 élection présidentielle, élections législatives et élections sénatoriales aux Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos Jr. est élu président.
 le premier ministre du Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa démissionne à la suite de la plus grosse crise économique du pays depuis l'indépendance.
 en Équateur, des violences dans une prison font au moins 43 morts dans un affrontement sanglant entre bandes rivales dans un établissement pénitentiaire de la province de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, au nord du pays.
 12 mai :
 la collaboration internationale de l'Event Horizon Telescope publie une image résolue du disque d'accrétion entourant Sagittarius A*, le trou noir supermassif au centre de la Voie lactée.
 à Sokoto, au Nigeria, l'étudiante catholique Deborah Samuel Yakubu est lynchée à mort après avoir été accusée de « blasphème » vis-à-vis de Mahomet. S'ensuivent des manifestations s'en prenant aux commerces tenus par des chrétiens et aux églises, dont la cathédrale de la Sainte-Famille.
 12 mai au 23 mai : Jeux d'Asie du Sud-Est de 2021.
 14 mai :
 Mohammed ben Zayed Al Nahyane est élu président des Émirats arabes unis au lendemain de la mort de son demi-frère, Khalifa ben Zayed.
 finale du Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022 à Turin (Italie), remportée par le groupe Kalush Orchestra d'Ukraine.
 aux États-Unis, une fusillade perpétrée par un suprémaciste blanc fait dix morts dans un magasin de Buffalo, dans l'État de New York.
 15 mai :
 élections législatives au Liban.
 au Vatican, Charles de Foucauld est canonisé par le pape François, avec neuf autres bienheureux.
 la Finlande présente officiellement sa candidature à l'Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord (OTAN) ; puis la Suède demande à son tour à rejoindre l'OTAN.
 Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud est élu président de la Somalie.
 16 mai :
 éclipse lunaire totale ;
 en France, le gouvernement Jean Castex démissionne ; Élisabeth Borne est nommée Première ministre.
 16 mai au 6 juin : élection présidentielle en Albanie.
 17 et 18 mai : la bataille de Marioupol prend fin dans l'est de l'Ukraine, avec la reddition aux forces russes et séparatistes de derniers défenseurs locaux de l'usine Azovstal assiégée.
 19 mai : attaque de Madjoari au Burkina Faso.
 20 mai : au Royaume-Uni, le Cabinet Office annonce que huit villes britanniques deviendront des villes pour le jubilé de platine de la reine Elizabeth II. Les nouvelles villes sont Milton Keynes, Colchester et Doncaster en Angleterre, Dunfermline en Écosse, Wrexham au Pays de Galles, Bangor, comté de Down, en Irlande du Nord, ainsi que Stanley, îles Falkland, et Douglas, île de Man, qui deviennent les premières en les territoires britanniques d'outre-mer et les dépendances de la Couronne, respectivement, recevront le statut de ville.
 21 mai :
 le Parti travailliste d'Anthony Albanese sort vainqueur des élections législatives de 2022 en Australie, mettant fin à neuf années de gouvernement conservateur. Anthony Albanese devient Premier ministre le 23 mai.
 attaque de Bourzanga au Burkina Faso.
 22 mai :
 l'Autriche confirme son premier cas de variole du singe.
 30 personnes sont tuées dans le nord-est du Nigeria dans une attaque menée par des djihadistes.
 Du 22 mai au 5 juin :  édition des Internationaux de France de tennis à Paris (Roland-Garros).
 23 mai :
 l'Écosse confirme son premier cas de variole du singe.
 le Danemark confirme son premier cas de variole du singe.
 24 mai : une fusillade à Uvalde, au Texas, provoque la mort de 21 personnes, dont 19 enfants.
 25 mai : l'État islamique au Khorassan revendique une série d'attentats à Mazâr-e Charîf et dans une mosquée de Kaboul, en Afghanistan.
 26 mai : en Ukraine, l'armée russe s'empare de Lyman au cours de la bataille du Donbass.
 27 mai :
 le Canada rapporte 10 nouveaux cas de variole du singe portant ainsi le nombre total de cas à 26 dans le pays.
 la Finlande confirme son premier cas de premier cas de variole du singe.
 l'Argentine confirme son premier cas de premier cas de variole du singe.
 28 mai :
 l'Irlande et Malte confirment leurs premiers cas de la variole du singe.
 l'Iran signale son premier cas suspect de la variole du singe.
 Au Nigeria, une bousculade provoque la mort de 31 personnes.
 29 mai :
 élection présidentielle en Colombie ( tour).
 un avion Twin Otter assurant le vol 1199 de la compagnie Yeti Airlines s'écrase au Népal avec 22 personnes à bord.
 30 mai : la Thaïlande signale son premier cas de la variole du singe.
 31 mai : la Hongrie et la Norvège signalent leurs premiers cas de la variole du singe.

Références

Voir aussi

Article connexe

 Décès en mai 2022

Mai 2022


Matha Elizabeth Cram Bates (nascida Cram; Chittenden, 25 de agosto de 1839 – Traverse City, 23 de março de 1905) foi uma escritora, jornalista e editora de jornal americana. Ela era bastante conhecida em todo o Condado de Grand Traverse, e também em todo o estado de Michigan, tendo sido identificada com a obra literária desde a infância. Ela foi, talvez, a primeira mulher no estado que se engajou nas funções do trabalho no jornal, tendo sido ligada ao Grand Traverse Herald, do qual seu marido, Thomas Tomlinson Bates, era editor, desde 1876.

Primeiros anos e educação
Martha Elizabeth Cram nasceu em Northville, Michigan, em 25 de agosto de 1839. Ela era filha do Sr. e da Sra. Jesse Cram, cuja família se mudou para Traverse City, Michigan, em 1863. Sua infância foi vivida em Northville, Goodrich e Flint, Michigan.

Aos 14 anos de idade, Bates começou a dar aulas na escola, sendo uma adolescente de notável habilidade mental e boa aluna. Posteriormente, ela frequentou a Ypsilanti State Normal School e foi uma das primeiras graduadas do que hoje é chamada de Eastern Michigan University.

Desde a infância, desenvolveu o interesse pela literatura e, ainda menina, escreveu muitos artigos de mérito literário que foram publicadas em periódicos relevantes.

Carreira
Bates dedicou vários anos de sua juventude ao ensino. Mas ela não só tinha a habilidade, mas a ambição inerente de se tornar uma escritora. Na juventude, ela contribuiu, constantemente, para as principais revistas daquele período e seu trabalho foi bastante procurado pelos editores.

Em 5 de maio de 1867, ela se casou com Thomas T. Bates. Após seu casamento, Bates continuou seu trabalho literário com o marido, tornando-se editora associada do Grand Traverse Herald desde que o jornal passou a ser propriedade do Sr. Bates em 1876. As características mais conspícuas de seu trabalho literário foram os departamentos Home e Sunshine do Herald, e por sete anos, o departamento Household do Evening Record. Esses departamentos sempre foram populares e foram lidos por leitores em milhares de casas em Traverse City e na região de Grand Traverse. O Herald era um grande jornal de 8 colunas e 10 páginas, impresso em casa, um recurso que envolvia uma quantidade extra de trabalho editorial de marido, esposa e filha trabalhando juntos.

Bates era a correspondente de jornal mais antigo e contínuo em Michigan e, por quase quarenta anos, foi um das escritoras mais notáveis do Detroit Tribune. Ela foi uma das organizadoras da Associação de Imprensa da Mulher de Michigan em 1890; sendo presidente por vários anos; e após a morte de Lucinda Hinsdale Stone, presidente honorária da associação.

Quando a Ladies' Library Association of Traverse City foi organizada em 1896, Bates foi uma de seus membros fundadores e membro do conselho executivo até que sua saúde declinou. Após interromper as suas atividades, ela foi nomeada membro consultivo do conselho. Entre as sócias fundadoras do Clube da Mulher, Bates foi numerada como uma das mais ativas e ela, dedicada ao avanço do trabalho da mulher. Ela também foi membro honorário da Traverse Bay Hive, Ladies of the Macabees (LOTM).

Além de seu trabalho no Herald, Bates fez uma imensa quantidade de trabalho literário no formato de correspondência, esboços, histórias e poemas. Ela também escreveu vários livros.  Com Mary Knezik Buck, Bates foi co-autora de Along Traverse Shores e A Few Verses for a Few Friends. Bates também escreveu Young People's History of Michigan, que foi usada em muitas escolas do Estado para estudo histórico.

Vida pessoal
Na religião, Bates foi uma dos três membros fundadores sobreviventes da Igreja Congregacional. Enquanto ela estava inválida por cerca de três anos, Bates sofreu muito durante os últimos seis meses. Ela morreu em Traverse City, em 23 de março de 1905, e foi enterrada no Cemitério Oakwood naquela cidade. Ela deixou seu marido, Thomas, e três filhos, George G. Bates, proprietário do American Poultry Journal of Chicago e vice-presidente da Herald and Record Co.; Mabel e Clara.

Obras publicadas

 Ao longo das margens da travessia, 1891

Bibliografia

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Ligações externas
Obras de ou sobre Martha E. Cram Bates no Internet Archive (em inglês)

Jornalistas dos Estados Unidos
Escritoras dos Estados Unidos
Mortos em 1905
Nascidos em 1839
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Martha E. Cram Bates


පටිපාටීය නීතිය සීවීල් සහ අපරාධ පටිපාටීයකරණයේ දී, අධිකරණය විසින් සිදු වූයේ කුමක් ද යන්න විමර්ශනය කර තීන්දු කිරීම සඳහා අනුගමනය කරනු ලබන රීතින් වලින් සමන්විත වේ. මෙම රීතීන් සම්පාදනය කරණු ලබන්නේ අධිකරණය වෙතට ගෙන එනු ලබන නඩු වලදී නිසි ක්‍රියාදාමය සාධාරණ සහ ස්ථාවර අයුරින් ක්‍රියාවේ යෙදවෙන (ඇමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපයයේ) හෝ මූලිකව සාධාරණත්වය ඉෂ්ට වන (පොදු නීති සම්ප්‍රදාය අනුගමනය කරන රටවල් වල) පරිදි ය. නීතිඥයින් විසින් පටිපාටීය නීතියේ ක්‍රියාවලිය මඟින්, හිමිකම් සහ විත්තිවචකයන් ගේ වලංගුභාවය පිරික්සුමට යොදා ගනු ලබන සත්තාවී නීතයෙන් වෙන් කර හඳුනා ගනී. සිවිල් සහ දේශපාලිනික අයිතිවාසිකම් ඇතුළත් වන පරිදි පටිපාටීය අයිතිවාසිකම්
 තොරතුරු දැන ගැනීමේ අයිතිය
 යුක්තිය පසඳ ගැනීමේ ප්‍රවේශ අයිතිය
 සහභාගිවීමේ අයිතිය පාරිසරික ගැටළු වල දී තොරතුරු දැන ගැනීමේ අයිතිය, යුක්තිය පසිඳලා ගැනීමේ් ප්‍රවේශ අයිතිය සහ සහභාගිවීමේ අයිතිය එක්සත් ජාතීන් ගේ පාරිසරික සම්මුතියේ අනතර්ගත කරන ලද අයිතීන් වන අතර එය ආහුස් සම්මුතිය (1998) ලෙස හඳුන්වයි. පාරිසරික නීති ප්‍රතිපාදනවල දක්නට ලැබෙන මෙම අයිතීන් දක්වා ඇත.

සටහන්

නීතිය

පටිපාටීය නීතිය


محمد عودة، لاعب كرة قدم كويتي سابق.

يلعب مع نادي الصليبيخات، وفي موسم 2007/2008 حصل على لقب هداف دوري الدرجة الأولى برصيد 8 أهداف.

لاعبو كرة قدم كويتيون
لاعبو نادي الصليبخات

محمد عودة (لاعب كرة قدم)


Cassandra Latham-Jones is a British witch. She lives and works in the small community of St Buryan, Cornwall.

She is notable as being the first person in the UK to have registered her occupation as village witch with the Inland Revenue in the year 1996. Her services were especially required by hospital patients. Within one year she was having so many requests for her services that she became a self-employed witch and was no longer financially supported by the government.

She was previously a committee member of the Pagan Federation as vice president overseeing campaigning.

In the late 1980s Latham was a student at the experimental Dartington College of Arts, where she completed a bachelor's degree in theatre. Before enrolling in this program she had served as a nurse, caring for the builder of the Minack Theatre, Rowena Cade in the last years of her life.
Cassandra's partner Laetitia utilises Aromatherapy, Reflexology, Indian Head Massage and Reiki. She also has a certificate as a sexual abuse counsellor.

References
Jones, Kelvin I. (1998) Seven Cornish Witches. Penzance: Oakmagic Publications
Cornish World, No. 13, Juni/Juli/August 1997, page 14

External links

 Home Page
 Village Wisewoman www.villagewisewoman.co.uk  Folk
 Cassandra speaking at a conference in 2000, before she became Vice President of the Pagan Federation0

Living people
English modern pagans
Year of birth missing (living people)

Cassandra Latham


An Bromus pacificus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Cornelius Lott Shear. An Bromus pacificus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Bromus

Bromus pacificus


العندليب حكاية شعب هو مسلسل مصري، إنتاج 2006، يتناول حياة المطرب والممثل عبد الحليم حافظ ويقوم بدوره شادي شامل من بطولة عبلة كامل وكمال أبو رية ولقاء الخميسي والعديد من الفنانين والفنانات ممن يجسدون الشخصيات التي عاصرته.

الممثلون

أخرين
إبراهيم أبو العطا - احسان التركي - أحمد الحلوانى - أحمد الشامى - أحمد جمال سعيد - أحمد زايد - أحمد عبد الهادي - أحمد فاروق - أحمد فخري - أحمد مصطفى - أشرف صالح - أشرف عبد العزيز - ألفريد عماد - إيمان عاطف - ايهاب العشري - باسم أحمد - جلال عبد القادر - حازم فؤاد - حمدى السخاوى - خالد بدوي - رأفت عبد القادر - روزانا - زايد فؤاد - سالي الدمرداش - سامح أبو الغار - سلوى العرابي - سمية الإمام - سيد عيد - شريف سويلم - شريف عواد - صباح شحاته - عدنان طلعت - عصام محمود - عصام مصطفى - علاء زينهم - عماد اليماني - عمرو جمال - عيد أبو الحمد - فتحي غياض - كمال عطية - مجدى عبد الحليم - مجدي منير - محمد بيومي - محمد حلمي - محمد شاهين - محمد عبد الحليم - محمد عمار - محمود عبد الله - محمود عزت - محمود منصور - مصطفى البراء - مصطفى عبد الفتاح - مها - مؤمن نور - نادر فؤاد - نادية العراقية - نجلاء شعير - هشام كامل - هناء بركات - يحيى زكريا

الطاقم الفني

مصادر
 صفحة الفيلم علي موقع السينما قاعدة بيانات الأفلام العربية

عبد الحليم حافظ
مسلسلات تاريخية تلفزيونية مصرية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مصرية بدأ عرضها في 2006
مسلسلات سيرة شخصية
مسلسلات عبلة كامل
مسلسلات محمد الشقنقيري
مسلسلات بيومي فؤاد
مسلسلات وثائقية

العندليب حكاية شعب (مسلسل)


The Macau (Yat Yuen) Canidrome Club (), located in Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau, China, was a greyhound racing stadium in Asia. Around 120 dogs took part in 16 races five days per week. It had two grandstands, several private boxes and a VIP lounge. It shared the venue with Lin Fong Sports Centre, a sport complex.

History

The Canidrome opened in 1932 but was closed in 1938 due to the Second Sino-Japanese War. It reopened in 1963.

On 21 July 2016, the Gaming and Inspection Bureau (DICJ) of Macau, Paulo Martins Chan, met with representatives of the Canidrome. It was later announced that the government presented the greyhound racing facility with an ultimatum: close down or move to another site in two years.

The Canidrome closed on 21 July 2018. After negotiations with the track's owner and intense fundraising by an international group of volunteer-run, greyhound adoption organizations led by Anima, 517 greyhounds received veterinary medical care and were shuttled out to be adopted in Europe, North America, Australia, and, for a few, locally in Macau.

Future use
In August 2018, the Land, Public Works and Transport Bureau (DSSOPT) revealed that around two-thirds of the total area would continue to be used for sports activities, including the expansion of the existing Lin Fong Sports Centre, another 20% of the space would host education facilities, it was also revealed that an underground stormwater storage tank would be built below the sports facilities. This was included in the plan so as to mitigate the risk of flooding. There will also be a parking lot with a minimum capacity of 400 parking spaces. However, in July 2019, the Macau Daily Times found the land plot in a state of neglect and decay.

See also
Lin Fong Sports Centre

References

Football venues in Macau
Athletics (track and field) venues in Macau
Macau Peninsula
Gambling in Macau
Animal welfare in greyhound racing
Animal welfare and rights in China
Greyhound racing venues

Canidrome, Macau


Wesley Louden Borland (born February 7, 1975) is an American rock musician. He is the guitarist and backing vocalist of the nu metal band Limp Bizkit, the lead vocalist and guitarist of the alternative and industrial rock band Black Light Burns, and the co-founder of the experimental metal band Big Dumb Face.

Borland gained popularity when Limp Bizkit achieved mainstream success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He formed Big Dumb Face with his brother Scott in 1998 and left Limp Bizkit in 2001 to start side projects including Eat the Day and The Damning Well. After rejoining Limp Bizkit in 2004, Borland founded Black Light Burns, with whom he has released three studio albums and a covers album. Limp Bizkit went on hiatus following the release of their album The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) (2005). However, the band's original lineup reunited in 2009 and recorded their fifth studio album, Gold Cobra (2011). In 2016, Borland released his solo album Crystal Machete.

Borland is known for his sonic experimentation and elaborate visual appearance, which has included face and body paint, masks and uniforms. He has drawn album covers and created artwork for many of his music projects as well as oil paintings. Borland was voted number 37 in Total Guitars Top 100 Guitarists of All Time. Borland formed the label Edison Sound, which releases his own music projects.

Early life

Borland's initial interest in music took the form of drumming, but this ended quickly due to his parents' disapproval of percussive instruments in the home. Borland then switched to taking guitar lessons from a member of his parents' Presbyterian church. However, Borland quickly found his own musical tastes and interests at odds with local music trends which, due to his proximity to Nashville, skewed heavily towards country music. He later recalled, "I would bring in something, and my teacher would go, 'I've never heard of The Damned. Don't you want to play some Merle Haggard?'"

When Borland's brother Scott took an interest in bass guitar, the two brothers began to play together. Borland found his interest in hip hop music piqued with the release of "Bring the Noise", a collaboration between heavy metal band Anthrax and hip hop group Public Enemy.

Borland then relocated to Jacksonville, Florida with his parents where, disillusioned with the local music scene, he began attending the Douglas Anderson School of the Arts. While there, he explored other artistic endeavors, such as sculpture and special effects. However, Borland continued his pursuit of music through guitar lessons, working with a guitar teacher that specialized in jazz music. According to Borland, "My first teacher had ingrained playing by ear so much that, when my jazz teacher gave me a sheet of music and an audio tape to go with it, I would learn via the tape instantly, but I couldn't make myself learn the sheet music." As his guitar skills continued to improve, Borland began to craft his own guitar parts and style. Eventually, finding himself forced into church attendance and feeling a lack of interest in religion, Borland's frustration and confinement pushed him to move out of his parents' house at the age of 18.

Career

Limp Bizkit and mainstream success (1994–2002)

Borland joined Limp Bizkit, a band formed by Fred Durst, Sam Rivers and John Otto. Limp Bizkit developed a cult following in the underground music scene, particularly at the Milk Bar, an underground punk club in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. The band attracted crowds by word of mouth and covering George Michael's "Faith" and Paula Abdul's "Straight Up"; the band also gave energetic live performances in which Borland appeared in bizarre costumes. Borland's theatrical rock style was the primary attraction for many concert attendees. After DJ Lethal joined the band as a turntablist, Borland left Limp Bizkit after a disagreement with Durst. However, Borland rejoined after the band signed with Mojo, a subsidiary of MCA Records. After a dispute with Mojo, Limp Bizkit signed with Flip, a subsidiary of Interscope Records, and recorded their debut, Three Dollar Bill, Yall, which featured an abrasive, angry sound.

Although the album was met with minimal response, touring consistently increased Limp Bizkit's success, and the third single from Three Dollar Bill, Yall, "Faith", became a radio hit, leading to a slot on Ozzfest, a tour organized by Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne. In 1998, Borland formed a side project, Big Dumb Face with his brother, influenced by Ween and Mr. Bungle.

Significant Other saw Limp Bizkit reaching a new level of commercial success. The album climbed to No. 1 on the Billboard 200, selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release. In 2000, Durst announced that the band's third studio album would be titled Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water. The press thought that Durst was joking about this title. The album title is intended to sound like a fictional band; the phrase "Chocolate Starfish" referred to Durst himself, as he had frequently been called an asshole. Borland contributed the other half of the album's title when the band was standing around at a truck stop, looking at bottles of flavored water, and Borland joked that the truck stop didn't have hot dog or meat-flavored water. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 1.05 million copies in its first week, and was the 18th best-selling album of the 2000s in the US.

In a 1999 Spin profile on Limp Bizkit, when asked "Where will you be ten years from now?", Borland responded, "Probably not in the band."

Departure from Limp Bizkit, side-projects, brief return to Limp Bizkit, and Black Light Burns formation (2002–2009)

In March 2001, Big Dumb Face released its debut album, Duke Lion Fights the Terror!!. Borland stated that the band's music is "really silly and idiotic and bizarre. [...] It's nothing but stupid [...] just all these retarded songs." In the fall of 2001, Borland left Limp Bizkit, citing creative differences with the band. When asked why Borland quit the band, Ross Robinson stated that he quit because "He doesn't sell out for money anymore".

Borland then formed the band Eat the Day, in which he and his brother Scott would both act as co-lead vocalists. After realizing this setup restricted their guitar-playing abilities, Eat The Day launched an open search for a new vocalist. Initially, the band released three full-length instrumental tracks for hopeful singers to download and record over. The tracks were dAdA, Beeblicowcarapis and Taste My Gun, but later they were only available as small samples. In a 2021 interview, Borland claimed that he went through at least 150 audition recordings.

In January 2003, Borland announced former Stalking Tom singer Adam Yas as the new vocalist for Eat The Day, but two months later he reported that the band "...decided to go public with our search one more time" while still staying in contact with the previously announced Yas. Around the same time, Bob Ezrin was brought in to produce their debut album. Shortly afterward, Borland had found three potential singers for the project, with one presumably being the previously announced Adam Yas.

Despite his claims that the three discovered vocalists were the best options available, producer Ezrin didn't believe in their abilities enough to allow Eat The Day to move forward with the production of their album, going as far as calling the singers "terrible". In order to improve the situation, Borland attempted to bring in Danny Lohner, which resulted in further clashes with Ezrin and ground the project to a halt. Eat The Day was eventually abandoned due to being unable to find a vocalist. The unfinished demos from Eat the Day were subsequently released in April 2020 by Borland.

After the failure of another project, The Damning Well, in 2003, Borland began writing a solo record with its members Danny Lohner and Josh Freese, with Josh Eustis and Jonathan Bates contributing. This record served as the precursor to Black Light Burns. In August 2004, Borland rejoined Limp Bizkit and recorded another album, The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) in 2005. Following the release of the band's Greatest Hitz album, the band went on hiatus after arguments broke out on MySpace between Borland and frontman Fred Durst, with Borland stating, "As of right now, none of my future plans include Limp Bizkit."

In 2005, Borland formed Black Light Burns. Borland stated that this was now his main project, and anything else he did, including Limp Bizkit, was a side project. Borland toured with From First To Last roughly since early 2006. He announced planned for a fall 2006 tour that never went through due to Black Light Burns needing to find a new record label after Borland left Geffen Records. Borland had discussed plans to write and perform on the next From First To Last album, but he left the band when Black Light Burns' busy schedule started to pick up, leaving no room to work with From First to Last.

Black Light Burns released its début album, Cruel Melody in the spring of 2007 to critical acclaim. It featured Borland on the vocals and guitars. Allmusic writer Greg Prato wrote, "For many, Borland was the only Limp Bizkit member who was taken seriously. As evidenced by Cruel Melody, he is now officially allowed to follow whichever musical path he so desires.". In 2008, Borland, along with Richard Fortus and Sugizo, supported Japanese metal band X Japan at their sold out reunion concerts at the Tokyo Dome.

In August 2008, at the ETP Conference, it was announced that Borland joined Marilyn Manson as a guitarist. In the winter of 2008, Borland helped in the recording of The Color of Violence's 2009 album Youthanize as a bassist.

Limp Bizkit reunion (2009)
In 2009, the original lineup of Limp Bizkit reunited and began touring, which resulted in a second Black Light Burns record being put on the backburner. Borland left Manson's employ in May of the same year, claiming his reasons for leaving included rejoining his old band and having creative differences with Manson, citing "It's the Marilyn Manson show over there."
Limp Bizkit recorded a new album, which Borland named Gold Cobra. Released on June 28, 2011. It received mixed reviews, with multiple reviewers praising Borland's guitar playing. It peaked at No. 16 on the Billboard 200.

Borland also designed the album artwork for Fear and the Nervous System's 2011 eponymous debut album.

Borland has also gone onto a remixing career with his distribution of alternative versions of songs by metal bands. Most recently, The Word Alive has had their song "The Hounds of Anubis" remixed by Borland. He also played guitar in the soundtrack of Resident Evil: Afterlife by Tomandandy.

In 2012, Black Light Burns began performing after their brief hiatus and released their second studio album The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall and a concept "album", Lotus Island, in January 2013. In the same year, during the Black Light Burns tour, Borland stated that he would never do a solo project.  "If I would do a solo project I would put my name on the record. But that will never happen."

Borland collaborated with Riot Games to develop Hybrid Worlds, the theme song for the League of Legends Season 3 World Championships. Borland performed live for the event on October 4, 2013, along with The Crystal Method, Tina Guo, and Black Light Burns alumni Danny Lohner and Joe Letz.

Solo album, Big Dumb Face reunion, demos, and Still Sucks (2016–present)
On May 3, 2016, Borland released an instrumental solo album named Crystal Machete on his personal record label (Edison Sound), which saw him stepping outside his comfort zone by featuring no distorted guitars or vocals. The album was released to positive reviews, with Drowned in Sound calling the album a "a beautiful, sprawling post-rock mini epic". In 2016 he disbanded Black Light Burns.

In winter 2016 Limp Bizkit embarked on a co-headlining UK tour with Korn, including dates at Wembley Arena with support from Madball. As of October 2017, the status of the new Limp Bizkit album Stampede of the Disco Elephants is unknown, with Borland telling NME that he has completed all of his parts for "28 or 29 songs" and is waiting for Fred to choose what songs he wants to complete before he can mix and master it. He also blamed his time in Limp Bizkit for difficulty in getting jobs with other acts such as Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson in the past, stating that the other bands didn't want to be associated with his previous band.

In June 2017 he posted on social media that Big Dumb Face will be returning that year, eventually confirming that the new album, Where Is Duke Lion? He's Dead... would be released on October 31 via Edison Sound, with a full scale physical release to follow on November 17. Explaining why he revived Big Dumb Face after 16 years, he said that he wanted to make something "really heavy" in contrast to the post-rock of Crystal Machete, and that he was currently "into making things that [he] said [he'd] never do again", such as the solo record, or reviving Black Light Burns to release a new album in June 2018. He did, however, say that he would not tour with Big Dumb Face as he has prior touring commitments with Limp Bizkit and his ex-wife's band, Queen Kwong. In February 2018 Borland teased images of him working in the studio with Travis Barker on an "as yet untitled project". He also played guitar on five tracks from Jonathan Davis's debut solo album Black Labyrinth, which was recorded between 2007 and 2018.

In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Borland began publicly releasing previously unheard material from Eat the Day and Goatslayer, an experimental project he had with brother Scott since the two were teenagers. Borland claimed that the latter project had 23 albums worth of material, the first of which, The Feather Serpent, was released on April 25. On December 5 Borland announced that he finished recording and mixing his second solo album The Astral Hand, which was released three days later.

On December 11, 2021, the third album by Big Dumb Face, Christmas in the Cave of Dagoth, was released.

In April 2022, Borland was recruited by Danny Elfman to perform with his band at Coachella Festival.

Career timeline

Personal life
In April 1998, Wes married his long-time girlfriend Heather McMillan. The couple divorced in 2001. His second marriage was to Anna Carlise in March 2009. They divorced in 2013. In October 2016, he married Carré Callaway, lead singer of Queen Kwong. The couple resided together in Detroit. Callaway filed for divorce in 2019. In January 2023, Borland filed a defamation lawsuit against Callaway for statements Callaway made during an interview. In March 2023, it was announced that Borland's lawsuit had been dismissed by a Detroit judge.

Callaway and Borland were passionate about rescuing abandoned cats around the Detroit area, and together starred in a DIY Network renovation show, which followed their relocation to Detroit and subsequent renovation of a large house.

Borland says "growing up as a minister's son in a Christian family who were conservative with that kind of stuff had an effect on me". Borland says he's an atheist, but although he does not believe in heaven, he hopes he is wrong.

During a 2000 interview with Rolling Stone, Borland reveals that he was diagnosed with ADHD as a child, and he regularly took Dexadrine in treatment for behavioral issues, though he is an advocate for treatment without medication.

Borland revealed on Dean Delray's Let There Be Talk podcast, that he had invested most of his early earnings in risky stock market investments. He stated that the market decline as a result of the September 11 attacks, wiped out most of his wealth.

Equipment

Borland used Ibanez seven-string guitars exclusively from 1997 until 1999. However, he stated that he played a 6-string guitar on the entire Three Dollar Bill, Y'all record. Shortly after embarking on a tour with Korn, Ibanez contacted Borland and gave him a number of seven-string Universe guitars, essentially for free, which he continued to use extensively. During the touring in support of Significant Other, Borland used two custom Ibanez RG seven-strings with the electronic setup of an Ibanez AX7521 (two volume knobs and two tone knobs rather than one volume and one tone). Nothing is certain about the type of pickups that he used, however, he did use EMG pickups at one point, stating in an interview with GuitarCenter that he was moving from "passive to active pickups". Borland also endorsed the rare Ibanez RG7 CST guitar, which is made from superior/high-quality materials and is also equipped with an L.R. Baggs designed piezo system on a locking tremolo. He is currently one of two American owners of one.

Borland is one of the few guitarists to utilize tenor guitars, which has 4-strings as opposed to the standard 6-strings. In the early days, he used a vintage Ibanez Musician MC150PW, which was modified to be fitted with 4-strings, which he used on songs such as "Nookie", "Full Nelson", and "The One". This guitar can be seen in the music video for "Nookie." Ibanez then made him a custom baritone 4-string AX that would be used to replace the Musician. This was eventually replaced by a custom-made Master Guitars "Cremona" 4-string made by luthier George Gorodnitski, a friend of DJ Lethal's father. Borland has been on record saying that "George's guitars are the best I've ever played." In April 2022, Borland commissioned PRS Guitars to make a custom tenor guitar.

During the recording for Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water, Borland switched to 6-string guitars. The entire album was recorded using a Master Guitars Cremona semi-hollow body guitar, which is visible in the video for My Generation. However, Borland did not tour with this guitar and instead used Paul Reed Smith guitars, one of which is a Standard 24 in a Platinum Metallic finish, a Custom 24 in a Black Slate finish, and a 4-string baritone. After the tour, they were not seen again. A Facebook photo posted by Fred Durst in 2012 shows Borland playing the Cremona again for studio purposes.

In 2005, Yamaha approached Borland about a new signature guitar, which was almost 100% designed by Borland. The model CV820WB was released that same year. A semi-hollow body guitar with a large body and new Yamaha high-output split field humbuckers, made exclusively for that guitar, it also came with the Yamaha Quick Change finger-clamp locking tremolo system, which rids the user of having to cut the ball ends off of the strings, which is very unusual for a locking tremolo. This was Borland's main guitar for the recording of Black Light Burns' Cruel Melody and the touring behind it, as well as most of the touring Limp Bizkit did before the recording of Gold Cobra. Despite its innovative characteristics, it was not a popular guitar, and was discontinued in mid-2011, when Borland switched to Jackson Guitars.

Borland was endorsed by Jackson shortly before the release of Gold Cobra, and owns several Rhoads guitars, which he uses on Limp Bizkit shows. In addition he plays various Warriors and King Vs, one of which is a left-handed black King V with white bevels that was converted by Borland into a right-handed guitar. All of these instruments are equipped with a Floyd Rose and a single Seymour Duncan Invader pickup in the bridge position. He does not currently have a signature model with Jackson. Additionally, Borland also uses a Fender Bass VI, tuned to one octave below E standard tuning. He uses this on "The Story" on The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1), and again on "90.2.10", "Walking Away", and "Back Porch" on the Gold Cobra record.

Other guitars Borland has been seen with before are a 1976 Fender Starcaster a stock ESP LTD V-401DX (used on the Limp Bizkit reunion tour for playing songs on Results May Vary) and Mayones Regius Pro 6, Legend and Setius GTM 6 Baritone guitars.

Borland tunes his guitars to C# standard tuning (C# F# B E G# C#) and to Drop B tuning (B F# B E G# C#). He also tunes his 4-string baritone guitars to a variant of this tuning with a low F# string, which is a bass string (F# F# B E). During the late 1990s when Borland played 7-string guitars, he played them like one would play a 6-string guitar by tuning the highest string to C# as well, while maintaining standard C# tuning all the way to the seventh string. This technique was later used by Stephen Carpenter of Deftones so he could play the songs he originally recorded on a six-string without losing the feel of a seven-string, as Limp Bizkit and the Deftones had toured together in the mid 1990s.

Borland uses Ernie Ball "Burly Slinky" .011-.052 gauge nickel-wound strings, where the G string is wound. For Limp Bizkit's first three albums, Borland used Mesa-Boogie Dual and Triple Rectifier amps. In 2000, Borland would use the Mesa Boogie heads in conjunction with a Diezel VH4. In the mid 2000s, on the recording of Cruel Melody and The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1), Borland's main amp was the Diezel VH4.  Starting with the 2008 recording of The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall Borland played mainly Orange Amps (specifically the Thunderverb 100 models) since touring in support of Cruel Melody began and has continued to use them since then, also on Gold Cobra. Currently, Borland plays EVH Amps and cabinets for his heavier tones. The mainstay of Borland's amp setup has been a Roland JC-120 combo amplifier to generate his particularly exceptional clean tones.

Style

Borland's guitar playing is experimental and nontraditional, and he is noted for his creative use of six and seven-string guitars. Three Dollar Bill, Yall features him playing without a guitar pick, performing with two hands, one playing melodic notes, and the other playing chord progressions. The song "Stuck" uses a sustain pedal in the first bar, and muted riffs in the second bar. His guitar playing has made use of octave shapes, and choppy, eighth-note rhythms, sometimes accompanied by muting his strings with his left hand, creating a percussive sound. Borland has also made use of unevenly accented syncopated sixteenth notes to create a disorienting effect, and hypnotic, droning licks. Borland uses a locking vibrato system quite extensively to "dive bomb" notes in the middle of guitar parts, as heard in songs like Limp Bizkit's "Hot Dog" and "Get a Life". He said that he got the idea to dive notes down an octave then have them come back up from trombone players.

Borland's playing is still identifiable in Black Light Burns, but by his own admission, he strives to go for a cleaner type of sound in Black Light Burns, where the heaviness comes from his bass playing, instead of in Limp Bizkit where he seeks a more metal-oriented sound. He plays keyboards and textures more overtly as tools to layer Black Light Burns' sound where in Limp Bizkit the layers are considered by the full band more.

Borland writes songs by forming them in rough outlines and filling in the details later. According to Borland, "I'm good at creating ideas while using a guitar in a new way, but it takes me a long time. I can't just come up with stuff fast and rip it up. I think about constructing songs, and even riffs, in the same way as a painting, putting on a little bit at a time. They're sketchy at first, and then I know what I want, and I fit notes into places."

Borland is also known for performing in costumes and body paint during concerts, appearing in bunny and kung fu suits, and painted as a skeleton and what he describes as a "burnt match". Describing the character, he stated, "I go onstage wearing almost nothing. I have underwear and my boots on, and I paint my whole head black—from the neck up—and I have the black contacts. All you can see is these glowing teeth." Borland's black contacts were customized for him by a company noted for making contacts for the science fiction TV series Babylon 5.

Discography
Solo
 Crystal Machete (2016)
 Matadors and Daughters (EP) (2018)
 The Astral Hand (2020)
 Mutiny on the Starbarge (2023)

Limp Bizkit
 Three Dollar Bill, Y'all (1997)
 Significant Other (1999)
 Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water (2000)
 The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) (2005)
 Gold Cobra (2011)
 Still Sucks (2021)

Big Dumb Face
 Duke Lion Fights the Terror!! (2001)
 Where Is Duke Lion? He's Dead... (2017)
 Christmas in the Cave of Dagoth (2021)

Black Light Burns
 Cruel Melody (2007)
 Cover Your Heart and the Anvil Pants Odyssey (2008)
 The Moment You Realize You're Going to Fall (2012)
 Lotus Island (2013)

Eat the Day
 The Demos (2020) (recorded in 2002)
 The Addendum (2020) (recorded in 2002)

Goatslayer
 The Feather Serpent (2020) (recorded in 1993)

Other appearances
 The Damning Well – Underworld (2003)
 The Crystal Method – Legion of Boom (2004)
 From First to Last – Heroine (2006)
 Drop Dead, Gorgeous – Worse Than a Fairy Tale (2007)
 Filter – Anthems for the Damned (2008)
 The Color of Violence – Youthanize (2009)
 Combichrist – Scarred (EP) (2010)
 Combichrist – Making Monsters (2010)
 tomandandy – Resident Evil : Afterlife 3D (Music From The Motion Picture) (2010)
 tomandandy – Resident Evil: Retribution (Music From The Motion Picture) (2012)
 Tech N9ne – Therapy (2013)
 Queen Kwong – The Strange Fruit (2014)
 Tina Guo – Cello Metal (2015)
 Sukekiyo – VITIUM (2015)
 DREAD – In Dub (2017)
 Queen Kwong – Love Me to Death (2018)
 Jonathan Davis – Black Labyrinth (2018)

Filmography

References

External links

Living people
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Seven-string guitarists
Limp Bizkit members
Marilyn Manson (band) members
Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
American industrial musicians
Masked musicians
Guitarists from Florida
Combichrist members
From First to Last members
The Damning Well members
Black Light Burns members
Jonathan Davis and the SFA members
American atheists
1975 births

Wes Borland


Hrvati u Irskoj, osobe su s punim, djelomičnim, ili većinskim hrvatskim podrijetlom, ili u Hrvatskoj rođene osobe s prebivalištem u Irskoj.

Procjenjuje se kako u Irskoj živi oko 20 000 Hrvata.

Veći valovi iseljavanja u Irsku zabilježeni su krajem devedesetih god. 20. st. te po ulasku Hrvatske u EU.

Od listopada 2012., na Trinity Collegeu u Dublinu djeluje lektorat hrvatskoga jezika i književnosti. U Dublinu i Corku djeluju dopunske škole hrvatskoga jezika. Od školske godine 2013./14. hrvatski jezik jedan je od predmeta koji se mogu polagati na irskoj maturi.

Od studenoga 2016., u Dublinu djeluje Hrvatska katolička misija.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Čipin, Ivan: "Demografski profil Hrvata u Irskoj" clps.hr. Centar za longitudinalne studije. Objavljeno 24. veljače 2019.

Hrvatsko iseljeništvo
Irsko društvo

Hrvati u Irskoj


El arroyo Mataojo Grande es un curso de agua uruguayo que atraviesa el departamento de  Salto perteneciente a la cuenca hidrográfica del Río de la Plata.

Nace en la Cuchilla de Haedo y desemboca en el río Arapey Grande.

Referencias

Mataojo Grande
Mataojo Grande
Mataojo Grande

Arroyo Mataojo Grande


Areias é um subdistrito anexado ao distrito de Justinópolis em Ribeirão das Neves, Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Localiza-se a norte do centro de Justinópolis e tem acesso principal pela Av. Gávea, Rua Pedro Leopoldo e Estrada de Areias.

Origem
De acordo com o Plano de Regularização Fundiária de Ribeirão das Neves elaborado em 2009, o chamado "Povoado de Areias" levou esse nome devido a sua proximidade com o Ribeirão Areias, rio que corta o distrito de Justinópolis e deságua no Ribeirão da Mata.

Em 1943, Fazenda das Neves (atual Ribeirão das Neves) passa a pertencer ao município de Pedro Leopoldo (cidade em que o Povoado de Areias se encontrava) e, após tratativas políticas, Neves é emancipada em 12 de dezembro de 1953. Por fim, foi decidido a anexação de Campanhã (com o nome alterado para Justinópolis) no território da nova cidade com a inclusão do Povoado de Areias (com o nome alterado para Areias) em seu território.

O primeiro loteamento da região de Areias, sob controle nevense, foi o Senhora Santana, em 1977, com 282 lotes possuindo, inicialmente, apenas iluminação pública e energia elétrica. Em 1978 é aprovado pela Prefeitura, o segundo parcelamento da região, o Santa Margarida 1ª Seção, com 363 lotes de 360 metros quadrados, com serviços de transporte coletivo, iluminação pública e energia elétrica e, parcialmente, água encanada e coleta de esgoto. Em 1979 a região recebeu a 2ª seção do parcelamento Santa Margarida, com 61 lotes de 360 metros quadrados.

Atualidade
É dividido em Areias de baixo e Areias de Cima (ou somente Areias).

A região de Areias conta com bom acesso à empregabilidade, devido a existência de empresas no entorno e pela facilidade de acesso a Belo Horizonte, Vespasiano, Santa Luzia, entre outros municípios. Desde a criação da Cidade Administrativa de Minas Gerais nas proximidades a localidade tem recebido maiores investimentos empresariais.

Quanto ao comércio da região, é possível encontrar drogarias, supermercados e mercearias, hortifrutis, auto peças e mecânicas, lojas de produtos agropecuários e veterinários, depósitos de materiais de construção civil, posto de gasolina e lava jatos, academias, padarias, salões de beleza, restaurantes, lanchonetes e bares, lojas de roupas e acessórios, corretoras de imóveis, banca de jornais, papelarias, entre outros de atendimento cotidiano.

Fatos notórios
Em março de 2013 a ocupação Tomás Balduíno se instalou na região e cerca de 300 famílias passaram a viver no local. Houveram tentativas de reintegração de posse, porém a prefeitura de Ribeirão das Neves e o governo estadual propuseram a suspensão dos mandados, a fim de que se buscasse uma solução dialogada e pacífica para o conflito. A ocupação é formada principalmente de pessoas advindas de regiões carentes da capital mineira que mudaram com o objetivo de obter melhores condições de moradia, construir uma casa própria e a possibilidade de conseguir empregos no entorno. Desenvolveram, como meio de sustento, empreendimentos de agricultura urbana e montaram estabelecimentos comerciais.

Em 2019, o vereador Léo de Areias propôs a separação de Areias e Justinópolis, elevando-o a distrito, contudo a proposta foi rejeitada. Ao todo, 16 bairros do distrito de Justinópolis seriam incorporados a Areias: Areias, Areias de Baixo, Santana I, Santana II, Santa Margarida, Esperança, Menezes, Girassol, Mizonguê, Landi I, Landi II, Severina, Tocantins, Cristal, Alto dos Menezes e Pedra Branca. Representantes dos bairros Esperança, Menezes e Girassol contestaram o projeto.

Ver também

 Ribeirão das Neves
 Justinópolis

Ligações externas

 Prefeitura de Ribeirão das Neves
 Localização do bairro

Bairros de Ribeirão das Neves

Areias (Justinópolis)


An Habenaria lefebureana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Achille Richard, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Théophile Alexis Durand och Schinz. An Habenaria lefebureana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria lefebureana


The Loudness of Sam (Harcourt, ) is a 1999 American children's book written and illustrated by James Proimos.

Overview
Sam is a child whose laughs and cries were extraordinarily loud. "Is that nuts and bolts in the blender?" "No, that's just the baby." One day, Sam visits his quiet aunt in the city. On the last day of the visit, she laughs loudly, because the loudness of Sam is contagious!

Television series
The Loudness of Sam has its own animated television series, produced by the Canadian company Nelvana Enterprises, Inc..

References

1999 children's books
Children's fiction books
American picture books

The Loudness of Sam


الدولة المجهرية أوالدولة المصغرة  هي كيان يعبر عن دولة أو أمة، هذه الدولة لا تعترف بها حكومات الدول الأخرى أو المنظمات الدولية. هذه الدول توجد فقط على الورق، أو الإنترنت، أو في عقول من ابتكروها.

يعبر مصطلح الدول المجهرية عن مطالبة رسمية ومستمرة للاعتراف لها بالسيادة على بعض الأراضي المادية. تختلف الدول المجهرية عن الحركات الانشقاقية الحقيقية؛ تكاد تكون أنشطة الدول المجهرية طفيفة دائمًا إذ تتعرض للتجاهل بدلًا من تحديها من قِبل الدول المعترف بها المُطالبة بأراضيها. أصدرت العديد من الدول المجهرية عملات معدنية وأعلام وطوابع بريدية وجوازات سفر وميداليات ومواد أخرى متعلقة بالدولة، غالبًا ما تكون مصدرًا للدخل.

بدأ بعض ما يمكن اعتباره الآن بالدول المجهرية في القرن العشرين. أتاح ظهور الإنترنت الوسائل للأشخاص لإنشاء العديد من الدول المجهرية الجديدة، والتي ينتشر أعضاؤها في جميع أنحاء العالم ويتفاعلون في الغالب عن طريق الوسائل الإلكترونية، وغالبًا ما يطلقون على دولهم »بلدان بدوية«. من الصعب تحديد الاختلافات بين »الدول المجهرية على الإنترنت« وأنواع أخرى من مجموعات التواصل الاجتماعي وألعاب تقمص الأدوار.

يرجع مصطلح »الدولة المجهرية «والذي يصف هذه الكيانات إلى السبعينيات على الأقل. يستخدم مصطلح علم الدول المجهرية أحيانًا لوصف دراسة كلٍ من الدول المجهرية والدول الصغيرة من قِبل علماء الدول المجهرية، الذين يشير بعضهم إلى الدول القومية ذات السيادة على أنها »دويلات«.

تتعارض الدول المجهرية مع الدول الصغيرة، وهي دول صغيرة ذات سيادة ولكن مُعترف بها، مثل: أندورا وليختنشتاين ولوكسمبورغ وموناكو وسان مارينو ومدينة الفاتيكان. كما أنها متميزة عن البلدان الخيالية وعن غيرها من المجموعات الاجتماعية (مثل: القرى البيئية وأحرام الجامعة والقبائل والعشائر والطوائف والجمعيات المجتمعية السكنية).

التعريف
تمتلك الدول المجهرية عمومًا عددًا من المزايا الشائعة، على الرغم من أنها قد تختلف على نطاق واسع. قد يكون لديها هيكل مماثل للدول ذات السيادة، بما في ذلك المطالبات الإقليمية والمؤسسات الحكومية والرموز الرسمية والمواطنين، وإن كان على نطاق أصغر بكثير. تكون الدول المجهرية صغيرة جدًا في الغالب، في كلٍ من أراضيها وسكانها - على الرغم من وجود بعض الاستثناءات لهذه القاعدة، مع وجود دول مجهرية مختلفة لها طرق مختلفة للمواطنة. قد تصدر الدول المجهرية أيضًا صكوكًا رسمية، مثل: الطوابع البريدية والعملات المعدنية والأوراق النقدية وجوازات السفر، وتمنح الألقاب الشرفية وألقاب النبلاء.

كانت اتفاقية مونتفيديو إحدى المحاولات لإنشاء تعريف قانوني يميز بين الدول وغير الدول. يلائم هذا التعريف بعض الدول المجهرية، بينما لا يلائم البعض الآخر، ويرفض البعض الآخر الاتفاقية. ترفض بعض الدول المجهرية، مثل: سيلاند أو مقاطعة هوت ريفر مصطلح الدول المجهرية وتعتبر نفسها دول ذات سيادة؛ لا توجد أي نية للاعتراف بدول مجهرية أخرى، مثل: فلاندرينسيس أو جمهورية مولوسيا.

قائمة الدول المجهرية
هناك العديد من الأنواع المختلفة للدول المجهرية التي يُطالب بها على مر السنين. توجد قائمة بالدول المجهرية البارزة.

الدول المجهرية

 قامت عملية أطلانطس، وهي مجموعة تحررية اتخذت من نيويورك مقرًا لها في أوائل سبعينيات القرن الماضي، ببناء سفينة من الخرسانة المُقشرة تُسمى الحرية، والتي أبحرت إلى البحر الكاريبي، إذ تنوي الرسو بشكل دائم باعتبارها »أراضيهم«. غرقت السفينة في إعصار ثم جرى التخلي عن المشروع.
 جمهورية مينيرفا، وهي مشروع تحرري آخر نجح في بناء جزيرة صغيرة من صنع الإنسان في شعاب مينيرفا جنوب فيجي في عام 1972 قبل أن تغزوها قوات من تونغا، التي ضمتها قبل تدمير الجزيرة.
 جمهورية جزيرة روز، وهي جزيرة اصطناعية شيدها المهندس المعماري الإيطالي غورغيو روز في عام 1968 في البحر الأدرياتيكي. بُني الهيكل كمنطقة جذب سياحية، ولكن بعد وقت قصير من اكتماله، أعلنت روز السيادة. فجر سلاح البحرية الإيطالية الهيكل في العام التالي.
 لادونيا
 مقاطعة هوت ريفر
 مولوسيا
 سيلاند
 ليبرلاند

التاريخ

التاريخ المبكر والتطور
أعلن مارتن كولز هارما، مالك جزيرة لوندي البريطانية في العقود الأولى من القرن العشرين، نفسه ملكًا وصك العملة وأصدر طوابع بريدية خاصة للاستخدام المحلي. على الرغم من أن الجزيرة حُكمت باعتبارها إقطاعية افتراضية، إلا أن مالكها لم يزعم مطلقًا استقلاله عن المملكة المتحدة، لذلك يمكن وصف لوندي كباكورة للدول المجهرية اللاحقة. مثال آخر هو إمارة منطقة بالدونا الخارجية، وهي جزيرة صخرية تبلغ مساحتها 16 فدانًا (65,000 متر مربع) قبالة ساحل نوفا سكوشا، أسسها راسل أروندل، رئيس شركة بيبسي كولا (لاحقًا: بيبسيكو)، في عام 1945 وتضم عددًا من السكان يبلغ 69 صيادًا.

التاريخ من عام 1960 إلى عام 1980
شهدت ستينيات وسبعينيات القرن العشرين تأسيس عدد من الدول المجهرية الإقليمية. أولها، سيلاند، تأسست عام 1967 على منصة أسلحة مهجورة في الحرب العالمية الثانية في بحر الشمال قبالة ساحل شرق أنجليا في إنجلترا، ولا تزال قائمة. تأسست الدول الأخرى على مبادئ تحررية وشاركوا في خطط لبناء جزر اصطناعية، ولكن من المعروف أن ثلاث منها فقط حققت نجاحًا محدودًا في تحقيق هذا الهدف.

بُنيت جمهورية روز آيلاند وهي عبارة عن منصة مساحتها 400 متر مربع، عام 1968 في المياه القومية الإيطالية في البحر الأدرياتيكي، على بعد 7 أميال (11 كيلو متر) قبالة مدينة ريميني الإيطالية. من المعروف أنها أصدرت طوابع، وأعلنت أن الإسبرانتو لغتها الرسمية. بعد وقت قصير من الاكتمال، استولت عليها القوات البحرية الإيطالية ودمرتها لفشلها في دفع ضرائب الدولة.

في أواخر الستينيات من القرن الماضي، شارك ليستر همينغواي، شقيق المؤلف إرنست، في مشروع آخر مثل - منصة صغيرة للأخشاب في المياه الدولية قبالة الساحل الغربي لجامايكا. تتكون هذه الأرض، من بارجة أبعادها 8 أقدام (2.4 متر) في 30 قدم (9.1 متر)، وأطلق عليها اسم »نيو أطلانطس«. كان همنغواي مواطنًا فخريًا ورئيسًا؛ ومع ذلك، تضرر الهيكل بسبب العواصف ونهبها الصيادون المكسيكيون أخيرًا. في عام 1973، ذُكر أن همنغواي انتقل من نيو أطلانطس للترويج لمنصة تبلغ مساحتها 1,000 ياردة مربعة (840 متر مربع) بالقرب من جزر البهاما. سُمي البلد الجديد (أرض البحر).

أسس رجل الأعمال نيفادا مايكل أوليفر جمهورية مينيرفا عام 1972 كمشروع ليبرالي جديد. أجرت مجموعة أوليفر عمليات تجريف في جزر مينيرفا المرجانية، وهي مياه ضحلة تقع في المحيط الهادئ جنوب فيجي. نجحوا في إنشاء جزيرة اصطناعية صغيرة، لكن جهودهم في ضمان الاعتراف الدولي قوبلت بنجاح قليل، وأرسلت تونغا المجاورة لها قوة عسكرية إلى المنطقة وضمتها إليها.

في الأول من أبريل عام 1977، أعلن ريتشارد بوث المُحب للقراءة، هاي أون واي الويلزية مملكة مستقلة مع ملكها. طورت البلدة بعد ذلك صناعة سياحة صحية تقوم على المصالح الأدبية، ومنح »الملك ريتشارد« (الذي كان صولجانه مكبس دورة مياه مُعاد تدويره) أي شخص مستعد لدفع ثمن هاي أون واي رتبة النبيل ودرجة الشرف.

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة الدول المجهرية
 أعلام الدول المجهرية

مراجع

دول مجهرية
مستحدثات سياسية
هوايات

دولة مجهرية


Oetophorus naevius er tegund af nálvespum. Hún er náttúrulegur óvinur rifsþélu.

Tilvísanir

Sníkjuvespur

Oetophorus naevius


11844 Ostwald este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
11844 Ostwald este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,17 ua, o excentricitate de 0,17 și o înclinație de 1,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 11001-12000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia Themis

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1987
Centura de asteroizi

11844 Ostwald


An Porroglossum teretilabia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Walter Teague. An Porroglossum teretilabia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Porroglossum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Porroglossum

Porroglossum teretilabia


The Superjesus are an Australian rock band formed in Adelaide in late 1994. Their debut album, Sumo (February 1998), peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart, their second album, Jet Age (October 2000) reached No. 5 and their third album, Rock Music (May 2003) peaked at No. 14. Their top 40 singles include "Down Again" (1997), "Now and Then" (1998), "Gravity" (2000) and "Stick Together" (2003). At the ARIA Music Awards of 1997 they won Best New Talent for Eight Step Rail  and Breakthrough Artist – Single for "Shut My Eyes". The group disbanded in mid-2004, and reunited in 2013. The band has undergone multiple line-up changes, with lead vocalist Sarah McLeod and bassist Stuart Rudd serving as mainstays. As of 2022, they are joined by lead guitarist Cam Blokland and drummer Murray Sheridan.

History

Career beginnings: 1994–1996
The Superjesus formed in late 1994 as Hell's Kitchen in Adelaide by Paul Berryman on drums, Sarah McLeod (ex-Fallen Down Monster) on lead vocals and guitar, Stuart Rudd on bass guitar and Chris Tennent on lead guitar. Rudd and Tennent had been jamming together for about a year when Rudd tried out for McLeod's latest band. Tennent was McLeod's guitar teacher at the time and a veteran of the Adelaide music scene, having played in various bands since the 1980s. Paul Berryman successfully auditioned for the group and they started rehearsing for over a year before their first gig.

Hell's Kitchen changed their name to the Superjesus on the eve of the Big Day Out in Adelaide on Australia Day long-weekend, January 1996. Tennent provided the new name. Berryman explained, "It was basically just a piss-take on commonly used words in the '90s. Like The Jesus and Mary Chain, "Jesus Built My Hotrod", the Jesus Lizard, Jesus Jones; there's just heaps of Jesus' out there in the music world so we thought we would have that and super was kind of like a '90s catch word." Their debut five-track extended play, Eight Step Rail, was released in August 1996 on Aloha Records.

Career peak: 1997–2004
Eight Step Rail reached the ARIA Singles Chart Top 50 in February 1997. Its feature track, "Shut My Eyes", received high rotation on national youth alternative music radio station, Triple J – it was listed at No. 81 on the station's Hottest 100 for 1996. AllMusic's Jonathan Lewis described how "their wall of guitar noise (somewhat reminiscent of Siamese Dream-era Smashing Pumpkins) made them an overnight success on Australian radio ... McLeod's voice was a major drawcard." Jasper Cooper of Oz Music Project felt that on the EP, "Musically, the band inherited much from contemporaries such as the Smashing Pumpkins, but McLeod's appeal at the band's fore, lent The Superjesus their own niche and stature. The single track 'Shut My Eyes' was the band's tour de force, something that was still unmatched in their latter albums."

They followed with a tour of Australia's east coast, then supported shows by Clouds, Hoodoo Gurus and United Kingdom band, Bush. As songwriters, Tennent typically composed the music and McLeod supplied the lyrics – the pair had also developed a personal relationship. In January 1997 the Superjesus appeared at the Big Day Out and, in April, they travelled to Triclops Sound Studios, Atlanta to record their debut album, Sumo, with Matt Serletic (Collective Soul) producing and Jeff Tomei (Smashing Pumpkins, Hole) as audio engineer. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1997 they won Best New Talent for Eight Step Rail and Breakthrough Artist – Single for "Shut My Eyes". McLeod and Tennent's personal relationship had ended and late that year; he temporarily left the group. Aaron Tokona (of Weta) filled in on guitar when the Superjesus toured New Zealand. Tokona turned down the offer to become a permanent member and remained with Weta.

With Tennent back on board they released Sumo in February 1998 through EastWest/Warner Music Australasia, which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified platinum by ARIA for shipment of 70,000 copies. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described it as "a big sounding album backed by a generous budget." Its local success led to a United States version – with an altered track listing – being issued in June. Lewis felt that they "show that guitar rock with McLeod's vocals soaring over the top is definitely their strength. Unfortunately, it is also their weakness, with Sumo containing too little variation in style." An extended version titled Sumo II, including a bonus seven-track enhanced CD of live performances, was released in October. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1998 Sumo had them nominated for Best Group, Breakthrough Artist – Album and Best Cover Art (artwork by Chris and William Tennent).

In January 1999, they appeared at the Big Day Out, again, and then took a few months off. Chris Tennent left the Superjesus permanently in mid-1999 when they were due to resume. The group relocated to Melbourne in November where they recruited Tim Henwood (ex-Jen Anderson Band, Supermann, Plasticine, Barker) on guitar. Henwood and McLeod became the principal songwriters. The band released their second album, Jet Age, in October 2000, which was produced by Ed Buller (Psychedelic Furs, Suede, Ben Lee) and peaked at No. 5. Louise Buckingham of femail.com.au noticed that the group's "rock engine is winding up and are fuelled to commence take-off down the runway of Australian rock music. With the recent release of blazing new album Jet Age and with the hit-single "Gravity" now a friend to the radio waves, The Superjesus have proved they are keen to move into a new musical era." Amazon.com's editorial reviewer declared that it was an "intelligent, mature, sophisticated" release. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, Jet Age was nominated for Best Rock Album and Best Cover Art (Darren Glindemann).

Henwood left in mid-2001 and eventually formed The Androids (he later joined Rogue Traders). McLeod considered disbanding the Superjesus but took up lead guitar while working for their third album as a trio, Rock Music (May 2003), with Marc Waterman producing, which reached No. 14. Patch Brown had replaced Henwood, but due to stylistic differences during recording, he was replaced in turn by Jason Slack, a Slippery Rock Graduate. Tim Cashmere of Undercover felt that "they are just as powerful as before" with McLeod "singing better than ever over her chunkier-than-ever riffs." MediaSearch's Carmine Pascuzzi cautioned that "Those who have been ready to write them off should rethink as Sarah McLeod sings beautifully and the band work in harness efficiently to produce a strong effort. The riffs and tenacity are very much on show... They still have a knack for really rocking out, yet indulging in some slower ballads."

In June 2004, the Superjesus split with Warner Music Australasia as the members took time off to pursue other projects. McLeod worked on a solo album, Beauty Was a Tiger. She then fronted the Sydney-based three-piece band, Screaming Bikini.

Reformation: 2012–present
On 27 November 2012 McLeod announced on radio station Triple M The Superjesus would reunite for a one-off show on 1 February 2013. Later, McLeod told the Northern Star "We only got back together in 2013 because our drummer [Paul Berryman] came back to Australia from Seattle, so we [bass player Stuart Rudd and lead singer McLeod] thought we could play one single show, see how the crowd responded and, more importantly, how we responded to each other and see if we had some musical chemistry together. The one show was better than we had hoped, crowd-wise and for ourselves." The band, with the line-up of Berryman, Henwood, McLeod and Rudd, played at the Stone Music Festival with Van Halen and Aerosmith in Sydney in April, before embarking on their first national tour in 10 years – The Resurrection Tour – in May and June.

In early 2015 the Superjesus undertook the She Who Rocks Tour sharing the stage with the Baby Animals, fronted by Suze DeMarchi. In June that year the Superjesus released their first single in over a decade, "The Setting Sun". In November they followed with "St. Peters Lane", and embarked on The Setting Sun Tour. In December, Henwood departed to return to The Androids and was replaced with former member, Jason Slack and in April 2016, drummer Paul Berryman departed due to family commitments and residing in the United States. Meanwhile, McLeod traveled to New York City for three months to write new material for a planned fourth album.

In August 2016, the band released an EP, entitled Love and Violence, released through Golden Robot Records. The Superjesus supported the EP with a national tour commencing in October.

In March 2017, The Superjesus were inducted into the South Australian Music Hall of Fame. In 2018, The Superjesus celebrated 20 years ofSumo by re-releasing the album in August with bonus tracks and a national tour.

In January 2019, The Superjesus appeared at the 'Under the Southern Stars' concert tour of five states starting off at Hastings, Victoria, with performances in Tasmania, Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia scheduled throughout January. Appearing with The Superjesus at the Hastings concert were Hoodoo Gurus, Eskimo Joe, You Am I, British India, The Getaway Plan and Scott Darlow. In November, The Superjesus travelled overseas and performed in the South American country of Brazil. The band was also featured and interviewed on a documentary, celebrating the ABC TV Australian music show Recovery, hosted by Dylan Lewis.

In September 2022, the band announced a headlining tour for January 2023 in support of a forthcoming new single, 'Money'. The following month, the band confirmed that they would release their fourth studio album in 2023, which is being recorded at Studio 85 in the Blue Mountains and produced by drummer, Murray Sheridan. In December 2022, the band formally inducted lead guitarist Cam Blokland and drummer Murray Sheridan into the line-up.

The Superjesus will tour Australia from August through to December 2023, promoting their new single "Lights Out".

Band members
Current members
Sarah McLeod – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1994–2004, 2013–present), lead guitar (2001–2004)
Stuart Rudd – bass (1994–2004, 2013–present)
Cam Blokland – lead guitar (2022–present)
Murray Sheridan – drums (2022–present)

Former members
Chris Tennent – lead guitar (1994–1999, hiatus 1997)
Paul Berryman – drums (1994–2004, 2013–2016)
Tim Henwood – lead guitar (1999–2001, 2013–2015)

Jason Slack – lead guitar (2001–2004; touring, 2015–2022)
Travis Dragani – drums (2016–2022)

Former touring musicians
Aaron Tokona – lead guitar (1997; died 2020)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums

Re-issues

Extended plays

Singles

Awards

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. The Superjesus won 3 awards from 8 nominations.

|-
| rowspan="2"| 1997
| rowspan="2"| Eight Step Rail
| Best New Talent
|
|-
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Single
|
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1998
| rowspan="4"| Sumo
| Best Group
|
|-
| Breakthrough Artist - Album
|
|-
| Best Cover Art
|
|-
| Best Rock Album
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2001
| rowspan="2"| Jet Age
| Best Rock Album
|
|-
| Best Cover Art
|
|-

South Australian Music Awards
The South Australian Music Awards are annual awards that exist to recognise, promote and celebrate excellence in the South Australian contemporary music industry. They commenced in 2012.

|-
| 2017
| The Superjesus
| Hall of Fame
|
|-

References

External links
 The Superjesus at discogs.com
 Comprehensive Superjesus Discography at open-site.org

ARIA Award winners
Australian rock music groups
Australian alternative rock groups
Australian post-grunge groups
Australian hard rock musical groups
Australian musical trios
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
Musical groups reestablished in 2013
Musical groups from Adelaide
1994 establishments in Australia
2004 disestablishments in Australia
Warner Music Group artists

The Superjesus


1136 Mercedes este un asteroid din centura principală, cu un diametru de circa 25,28 km. Descoperit de astronomul Josep Comas i Solà, în 1929, asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de semiaxă majoră egală cu 2,5658065 UA și de o excentricitate de 0,2550249, înclinată cu 8,97936° în raport cu ecliptica.

Numele asteroidului
Denumirea provizorie a asteroidului era 1929 UA. Apoi, asteroidul a primit numele cumnatei descoperitorului.

Note

Legături externe
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 1001–2000
 Centura de asteroizi

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1929
Mercedes
Asteroizi cu nume de oameni

1136 Mercedes


An Themeda caudata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, William Jackson Hooker ngan George Arnott Walker Arnott, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Aimée Antoinette Camus. An Themeda caudata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Themeda, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Themeda

Themeda caudata


المصوت شبه الخلفي هو مصوت يُنتج واللسان في وضع متقدم قليلا عن وضع المصوت الخلفي. المصوت شبه الخلفي في الأبجدية الصوتية الدولية هو المصوت شبه الخلفي شبه المغلق //.

مراجع

لسانيات
مصوتات

مصوت شبه خلفي


Torsdag Kl. 19:00 26. Oktober 1995 er en eksperimentalfilm instrueret af Bynke Maibøll og Morten Meldgaard efter deres eget manuskript.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1995

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Torsdag Kl. 19:00 26. Oktober 1995


الفائز بنصر الله أو الفائز بدين الله (1154-1160) كان الخليفة الفاطمي الثالث عشر. لم يحكم فعليا وتوفي في سن الحادية عشر، وتولى أخوه « العاضد لدين الله » الحكم ولم يكن قد بلغ هو الآخر.

مراجع

إسماعيليون مصريون
حكام أطفال
حكام أطفال في العصور الوسطى
حكام توفوا أطفالا
خلفاء فاطميون في القرن 12
مواليد 1149
مواليد 544 هـ
مواليد في القاهرة
وفيات 1160
وفيات 555 هـ
وفيات بسبب الصرع
وفيات في القاهرة

الفائز بنصر الله


La route départementale 37 (ou D37) est une route départementale de Haute-Garonne reliant Grenade à Carbonne.

Histoire

Chronologie
 2011 (13 décembre) : Mise en service de la déviation de Fontenilles
 2017 ( janvier) : Déclassement en route métropolitaine (M37) dans Toulouse Métropole

Tracé

De Grenade à Mondonville (D37)
 Merville
 Daux

De Mondonville à Léguevin (M37)
 Mondonville
 Les Cussecs (Mondonville)
 Pibrac
 Tronc commun avec la M24
 Brax

De Léguevin à Carbonne (D37)
 Léguevin
 Fontenilles
 Saint-Lys (tronc commun avec la D632 puis la D53 dans le centre)
 Cambernard
 Bérat (tronc commun avec la D28 puis la D15)
 Carbonne

Trafic

Entre la N124 et la commune de Saint-Lys, la fréquentation dépassait les  en 2011.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Routes de la Haute-Garonne

Liens externes

37
37

Route départementale 37 (Haute-Garonne)


Colletogyne, monotipski rod kozlačevki smješten u tribus Arophyteae, dio je potporodice Aroideae. Jedina vrsta je madagaskarskih endem C. perrieri.

Raste u tropskim listopadnim šumama, na vapnencu, geofit u rupama ili pukotinama s lišćem. Jedino poznato stanište je Montagne des Français Reserve.

Izvori

Arophyteae
Endemska flora Madagaskara

Colletogyne