White Town es el nombre artístico del cantante indio (nacionalizado británico) Jyoti Prakash Mishra.

Historia

Mishra nació en Rourkela, Orissa, India el 30 de julio de 1966 y vivió en Inglaterra desde los tres años. White Town es frecuentemente visto como un one-hit wonder por su canción de 1997 Your Woman, que alcanzó el nº1 en la UK Singles Chart en enero de ese mismo año, y el puesto nº23 en la Billboard Hot 100 de EE. UU.

Your Woman es una respuesta a la canción de Bing Crosby My Woman, compuesta por Crosby (letra), Irving Wallman (música) y Max Wartell (lírica). Al Bowlly, quien fue vocalista de la Orquesta de Ray Noble, grabó posteriormente una versión de My Woman el 29 de noviembre de 1932 con el Lew Stone y el Monseigneur Band en London. Esta última versión de Bowlly fue presentada en la película Pennies from Heaven dentro de su soundtrack; fue esta la versión que White Town tomó para Your Woman, sampleando un fragmento de esta.

Mishra formó a White Town en 1989 después de ver tocar a la banda Pixies. Inicialmente los miembros del grupo en guitarra, bajo y batería solo prestaban apoyo a bandas como Primal Scream. En 1990 se grabó su primer disco autofinanciado White Town EP, en un vinilo de 7 pulgadas, presentando a Nick Glyn-Davis en la batería, a Sean Deegan en el bajo y con Mishra como guitarrista y vocalista. Glyn-Davis luego abandonó el grupo y fue remplazado en vivo por una batería digital con Leon Wilson en la guitarra. Finalmente, el resto de la banda se alejó en el otoño de 1990 y desde entonces Mishra ha trabajado casi exclusivamente por su propia cuenta, usando eventualmente a otros músicos para propósitos de grabación, entre los que se incluye a Gary Thatcher de la banda de derby The Beekeepers interpretando la guitarra.

Mishra, un partidario del movimiento straight edge y un ex-marxista, en ocasiones incorpora temas políticos ocultos dentro de sus canciones en términos de relaciones interpersonales. Luego de unos problemas con la disquera EMI, Mishra fue eliminado del sello en 1997. Desde entonces, regresó a trabajar con sellos independientes como Parasol Records. Su álbum del 2000 Peek & Poke recibió buenas críticas, pero vendió poco comparado con su anterior obra discográfica.

En 2005 White Town contribuyó con la canción The PNAC Cabal para el álbum Voyces United for UNHCR, de una organización de caridad.

El EP A New Surprise fue grabado en septiembre de 2006 por el sello independiente Suizo Heavenly Pop Hits, y fue seguido por el álbum Don't Mention the War, el cual fue lanzado por el sello de Mishra Bzangy Records Label. Mishra reside actualmente en Derby.

Discografía

Álbumes

Versiones extendidas

Sencillos

Referencias

Artículo adaptado de la Wikipedia en inglés.

Enlaces externos

 Oficial website
 Jyoti Mishra's website

Personas de Orissa
Cantantes masculinos de India
Cantantes del Reino Unido
Indo-británicos
Personas que siguen un estilo de vida straight edge
Intérpretes número uno de Los 40 Principales de España

White Town


A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization (SDO), or standards setting organization (SSO) is an organization whose primary function is developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise contributing to the usefulness of technical standards to those who employ them. Such an organization works to create uniformity across producers, consumers, government agencies, and other relevant parties regarding terminology, product specifications (e.g. size, including units of measure), protocols, and more. Its goals could include ensuring that Company A's external hard drive works on Company B's computer, an individual's blood pressure measures the same with Company C's sphygmomanometer as it does with Company D's, or that all shirts that should not be ironed have the same icon (a clothes iron crossed out with an X) on the label.

Most standards are voluntary in the sense that they are offered for adoption by people or industry without being mandated in law. Some standards become mandatory when they are adopted by regulators as legal requirements in particular domains, often for the purpose of safety or for consumer protection from deceitful practices.

The term formal standard refers specifically to a specification that has been approved by a standards setting organization. The term de jure standard refers to a standard mandated by legal requirements or refers generally to any formal standard. In contrast, the term de facto standard refers to a specification (or protocol or technology) that has achieved widespread use and acceptance – often without being approved by any standards organization (or receiving such approval only after it already has achieved widespread use). Examples of de facto standards that were not approved by any standards organizations (or at least not approved until after they were in widespread de facto use) include the Hayes command set developed by Hayes, Apple's TrueType font design and the PCL protocol used by Hewlett-Packard in the computer printers they produced.

Normally, the term standards organization is not used to refer to the individual parties participating within the standards developing organization in the capacity of founders, benefactors, stakeholders, members or contributors, who themselves may function as or lead the standards organizations.

History

Standardization

The implementation of standards in industry and commerce became highly important with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the need for high-precision machine tools and interchangeable parts. Henry Maudslay developed the first industrially practical screw-cutting lathe in 1800, which allowed for the standardization of screw thread sizes for the first time.

Maudslay's work, as well as the contributions of other engineers, accomplished a modest amount of industry standardization; some companies' in-house standards spread a bit within their industries. Joseph Whitworth's screw thread measurements were adopted as the first (unofficial) national standard by companies around the country in 1841. It came to be known as the British Standard Whitworth, and was widely adopted in other countries.

Early standards organizations
By the end of the 19th century differences in standards between companies was making trade increasingly difficult and strained. For instance, an iron and steel dealer recorded his displeasure in The Times: "Architects and engineers generally specify such unnecessarily diverse types of sectional material or given work that anything like economical and continuous manufacture becomes impossible. In this country no two professional men are agreed upon the size and weight of a girder to employ for given work".

The Engineering Standards Committee was established in London in 1901 as the world's first national standards body. It subsequently extended its standardization work and became the British Engineering Standards Association in 1918, adopting the name British Standards Institution in 1931 after receiving its Royal Charter in 1929. The national standards were adopted universally throughout the country, and enabled the markets to act more rationally and efficiently, with an increased level of cooperation.

After the First World War, similar national bodies were established in other countries. The  was set up in Germany in 1917, followed by its counterparts, the American National Standard Institute and the French Commission Permanente de Standardisation, both in 1918.

International organizations
Several international organizations create international standards, such as Codex Alimentarius in food, the World Health Organization Guidelines in health, or ITU Recommendations in ICT and being publicly funded, are freely available for consideration and use worldwide.

International standards associations
In 1904, Crompton represented Britain at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, as part of a delegation by the Institute of Electrical Engineers. He presented a paper on standardization, which was so well received that he was asked to look into the formation of a commission to oversee the process. By 1906, his work was complete and he drew up a permanent terms for the International Electrotechnical Commission. The body held its first meeting that year in London, with representatives from 14 countries. In honour of his contribution to electrical standardization, Lord Kelvin was elected as the body's first President.

The International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA) was founded in 1926 with a broader remit to enhance international cooperation for all technical standards and specifications. The body was suspended in 1942 during World War II.

After the war, ISA was approached by the recently formed United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with a proposal to form a new global standards body. In October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the new International Organization for Standardization; the new organization officially began operations in February 1947.

Overview
Standards organizations can be classified by their role, position, and the extent of their influence on the local, national, regional, and global standardization arena.

By geographic designation, there are international, regional, and national standards bodies (the latter often referred to as NSBs). By technology or industry designation, there are standards developing organizations (SDOs) and also standards setting organizations (SSOs) also known as consortia. Standards organizations may be governmental, quasi-governmental or non-governmental entities. Quasi- and non-governmental standards organizations are often non-profit organizations.

International standards organizations

Broadly, an international standards organization develops international standards (this does not necessarily restrict the use of other published standards internationally).

There are many international standards organizations. The three largest and most well-established such organizations are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which have each existed for more than 50 years (founded in 1947, 1906, and 1865, respectively) and are all based in Geneva, Switzerland. They have established tens of thousands of standards covering almost every conceivable topic. Many of these are then adopted worldwide replacing various incompatible "homegrown" standards. Many of these standards are naturally evolved from those designed in-house within an industry, or by a particular country, while others have been built from scratch by groups of experts who sit on various technical committees (TCs). These three organizations together comprise the World Standards Cooperation (WSC) alliance.

ISO is composed of the national standards bodies (NSBs), one per member economy. The IEC is similarly composed of national committees, one per member economy. In some cases, the national committee to the IEC of an economy may also be the ISO member from that country or economy. ISO and IEC are private international organizations that are not established by any international treaty. Their members may be non-governmental organizations or governmental agencies, as selected by ISO and IEC (which are privately established organizations).

The ITU is a treaty-based organization established as a permanent agency of the United Nations, in which governments are the primary members, although other organizations (such as non-governmental organizations and individual companies) can also hold a form of direct membership status in the ITU as well. Another example of a treaty-based international standards organization with government membership is the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

In addition to these, a large variety of independent international standards organizations such as the ASME, the ASTM International, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the IEEE, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), SAE International, TAPPI, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) develop and publish standards for a variety of international uses. In many such cases, these international standards organizations are not based on the principle of one member per country. Rather, membership in such organizations is open to those interested in joining and willing to agree to the organization's by-laws – having either organizational/corporate or individual technical experts as members.

The Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) was formed in 1949 to prepare avionics system engineering standards with other aviation organizations RTCA, EUROCAE, and ICAO. The standards are widely known as the ARINC Standards.

Regional standards organizations
Regional standards bodies also exist, such as the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe, the Pacific Area Standards Congress (PASC), the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT), the African Organisation for Standardisation (ARSO), the Arabic industrial development and mining organization (AIDMO), and others.

In the European Union, only standards created by CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI are recognized as European standards (according to Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012), and member states are required to notify the European Commission and each other about all the draft technical regulations concerning ICT products and services before they are adopted in national law. These rules were laid down in Directive 98/34/EC with the goal of providing transparency and control with regard to technical regulations.

Sub-regional standards organizations also exist such as the MERCOSUR Standardization Association (AMN), the CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality (CROSQ), and the ASEAN Consultative Committee for Standards and Quality (ACCSQ), EAC East Africa Standards Committee www.eac-quality.net, and the GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) for Arab States of the Persian Gulf.

National standards bodies
In general, each country or economy has a single recognized national standards body (NSB). A national standards body is likely the sole member from that economy in ISO; ISO currently has 161 members. National standards bodies usually do not prepare the technical content of standards, which instead is developed by national technical societies.

NSBs may be either public or private sector organizations, or combinations of the two. For example, the Standards Council of Canada is a Canadian Crown Corporation, Dirección General de Normas is a governmental agency within the Mexican Ministry of Economy, and ANSI is a 501(c)(3) non-profit U.S. organization with members from both the private and public sectors. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the U.S. government's standards agency, cooperates with ANSI under a memorandum of understanding to collaborate on the United States Standards Strategy. The determinates of whether an NSB for a particular economy is a public or private sector body may include the historical and traditional roles that the private sector fills in public affairs in that economy or the development stage of that economy.

Standards developing organizations (SDOs)
A national standards body (NSB) generally refers to one standardization organization that is that country's member of the ISO. A standards developing organization (SDO) is one of the thousands of industry- or sector-based standards organizations that develop and publish industry specific standards. Some economies feature only an NSB with no other SDOs. Large economies like the United States and Japan have several hundred SDOs, many of which are coordinated by the central NSBs of each country (ANSI and JISC in this case). In some cases, international industry-based SDOs such as the CIE, the IEEE and the Audio Engineering Society (AES) may have direct liaisons with international standards organizations, having input to international standards without going through a national standards body. SDOs are differentiated from standards setting organizations (SSOs) in that SDOs may be accredited to develop standards using open and transparent processes.

Scope of work
Developers of technical standards are generally concerned with interface standards, which detail how products interconnect with each other, and safety standards, which established characteristics ensure that a product or process is safe for humans, animals, and the environment. The subject of their work can be narrow or broad. Another area of interest is in defining how the behavior and performance of products is measured and described in data sheets.

Overlapping or competing standards bodies tend to cooperate purposefully, by seeking to define boundaries between the scope of their work, and by operating in a hierarchical fashion in terms of national, regional and international scope; international organizations tend to have as members national organizations; and standards emerging at national level (such as BS 5750) can be adopted at regional levels (BS 5750 was adopted as EN 29000) and at international levels (BS 5750 was adopted as ISO 9000).

Unless adopted by a government, standards carry no force in law. However, most jurisdictions have truth in advertising laws, and ambiguities can be reduced if a company offers a product that is "compliant" with a standard.

Standards development process
When an organization develops standards that may be used openly, it is common to have formal rules published regarding the process. This may include:
 Who is allowed to vote and provide input on new or revised standards
 What is the formal step-by-step process
 How are bias and commercial interests handled
 How negative votes or ballots are handled
 What type of consensus is required

Though it can be a tedious and lengthy process, formal standard setting is essential to developing new technologies. For example, since 1865, the telecommunications industry has depended on the ITU to establish the telecommunications standards that have been adopted worldwide. The ITU has created numerous telecommunications standards including telegraph specifications, allocation of telephone numbers, interference protection, and protocols for a variety of communications technologies. The standards that are created through standards organizations lead to improved product quality, ensured interoperability of competitors' products, and they provide a technological baseline for future research and product development. Formal standard setting through standards organizations has numerous benefits for consumers including increased innovation, multiple market participants, reduced production costs, and the efficiency effects of product interchangeability. To support the standard development process, ISO published Good Standardization Practices (GSP) and the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee published the "Six Principles" guiding members in the development of international standards.

Standards distribution and copyright
Some standards – such as the SIF Specification in K12 education – are managed by a non-profit organizations composed of public entities and private entities working in cooperation that then publish the standards under an open license at no charge and requiring no registration.

A technical library at a university may have copies of technical standards on hand. Major libraries in large cities may also have access to many technical standards.

Some users of standards mistakenly assume that all standards are in the public domain. This assumption is correct only for standards produced by the central governments whose publications are not amenable to copyright or to organizations that issue their standard under an open license. Any standards produced by non-governmental entities remain the intellectual property of their developers (unless specifically designed otherwise) and are protected, just like any other publications, by copyright laws and international treaties. However, the intellectual property extends only to the standard itself and not to its use. For instance if a company sells a device that is compliant with a given standard, it is not liable for further payment to the standards organization except in the special case when the organization holds patent rights or some other ownership of the intellectual property described in the standard.

It is, however, liable for any patent infringement by its implementation, just as with any other implementation of technology. The standards organizations give no guarantees that patents relevant to a given standard have been identified. ISO standards draw attention to this in the foreword with a statement like the following: "Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights". If the standards organization is aware that parts of a given standard fall under patent protection, it will often require the patent holder to agree to Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing before including it in the standard. Such an agreement is regarded as a legally binding contract, as in the 2012 case Microsoft v. Motorola.

Trends
The ever-quickening pace of technology evolution is now more than ever affecting the way new standards are proposed, developed and implemented.

Since traditional, widely respected standards organizations tend to operate at a slower pace than technology evolves, many standards they develop are becoming less relevant because of the inability of their developers to keep abreast with the technological innovation. As a result, a new class of standards setters appeared on the standardization arena: the industry consortia or standards setting organizations (SSOs), which are also referred to as private standards. Despite having limited financial resources, some of them enjoy truly international acceptance. One example is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), whose standards for HTML, CSS, and XML are used universally. There are also community-driven associations such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a worldwide network of volunteers who collaborate to set standards for internet protocols.

Some industry-driven standards development efforts don't even have a formal organizational structure. They are projects funded by large corporations. Among them are the OpenOffice.org, an Apache Software Foundation-sponsored international community of volunteers working on an open-standard software that aims to compete with Microsoft Office, and two commercial groups competing fiercely with each other to develop an industry-wide standard for high-density optical storage. Another example is the Global Food Safety Initiative where members of the Consumer Goods Forum define benchmarking requirements for harmonization and recognize scheme owners using private standards for food safety.

See also

 Coordination game
 Harmonization (standards)
 International Organization for Standardization
 List of computer standards
 List of international common standards
 List of technical standard organizations
 Quality control
 Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing
 Software standard
 Specification (technical standard)
 Standardization
 Technical standard
 Transport standards organisations

References

External links

 ANSI: directory of standards developing organizations
 CEN: standards consortia for information and communication technologies
 NIST: global standards information

Product testing

Standards organization


Lethwei, Burma boksu veya Myanmar boksu; Myanmar (Burma) kökenli bir dövüş sanatı. Burma'da Pyu imparatorluğu dönemine kadar giden Lethwei maçlarının tarihi kayıtları bulunmaktadır.

Sistem

Pek çok bakımdan komşu ülke Tayland'da ortaya çıkan Muay Boran sistemlerine (özellikle muay lopburi'ye ) benzeyen, hatta iç içe olan Leithwei sert bir döğüş sistemidir. Muay Boran'daki vuruşlarda olduğu gibi Lethwai 'de de kafa vuruşu da bulunmaktadır.

Burma boksunun müsabıkları eldivensiz, ellerde bandaj ile döğüşürler. Kuralları Muay Thai'ye benzemekte fakat farklı olarak her tür kafa vuruşlarına izin verilmektedir, Muay Boran ile hemen hemen aynıdır. Ülkedeki döğüş sanatları üstünde "moğol istilası,hakimiyeti nedeniyle moğol etkisi oldukça fazladır... Geleneksel Burma boksu dövüşleri açık havada yapılmaktayken günümüzde karşılaşmalar ringlerde yapılmaktadır.Müsabakalarda ringde iki hakem olabileceği gibi, yakın zamanlarda yapılan değişikliklerle tek hakem uygulaması da iyice yer edinmiştir.

Yakın zamanlara kadar sadece hasat zamanları yapılan bir etkinlik olarak döğüşler düzenlenmekteydiyse de özellikle son zamanlarda bu iş için özel olarak karşılaşma yapılabilecek stadların inşası ile olay bayağı bir ivme kazanmış ve profesyonellik kapsamında da başarılı döğüşcüler çıkmıştır...Tayland ile her yıl gelenekesel kapsamada karşılaşmalar gerçekleştirilir...Ve "Muay Thai döğüşcüleri Muay Boran kuralları ile Lethwai döğüşcülerine karşı mücadele edreler...

Karşılaşmalar geleneksel olarak dövüşçülerden birinin devam edemeyeceği noktaya kadar devam eder. (ercan gürgöze)

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar

Video
 Lethwei karşılaşmaları

Savaş sanatları

Lethwei


Kabardian may refer to:

 Kabardians, a Circassian tribe of the Northwest Caucasus
 Kabardian language, the Northwest Caucasian language spoken by them
 Kabardian horse, a breed originating from the same region

See also
 Kabardino-Balkaria, a republic in North Caucasus, federal subject of Russia

Language and nationality disambiguation pages

Kabardian


Hendrike Brenninkmeyer (* 8. Mai 1973 in Münster) ist eine Journalistin und Fernsehmoderatorin.

Leben

Herkunft und Ausbildung
Brenninkmeyer ist im Ruhrgebiet aufgewachsen und besitzt die niederländische Staatsbürgerschaft. Nach dem Abitur in Mülheim an der Ruhr absolvierte sie eine duale Ausbildung als Industriekauffrau bei Daimler-Benz in Düsseldorf. Anschließend studierte sie Publizistik, Psychologie und Europäische Ethnologie an der Wilhelms-Universität in Münster u. a. mit dem Schwerpunkt Nachrichtenwerttheorie und Nachrichtenvergleich. 2002 schloss sie ihr Studium mit dem Magistergrad (M.A.) ab. Bereits während ihres Studiums arbeitete sie u. a. als Reporterin und Moderatorin für den WDR und den HR.

Wirken
Nach dem Examen moderierte Brenninkmeyer u. a. die Sendung maintower im hr-fernsehen. Anschließend übernahm sie die Moderation der Lokalzeit Ruhr im WDR Fernsehen. 2007 ging sie zu ARD-aktuell nach Hamburg und moderierte die Nachrichten bei tagesschau24. Im März 2010 wechselte sie als Moderatorin des Wirtschafts- und Verbrauchermagazins Marktcheck zum Südwestrundfunk nach Stuttgart. Im September 2011 übernahm sie darüber hinaus die Moderation des Europamagazins sonntags im Ersten. Außerdem arbeitete sie als Redakteurin und On-Reporterin für das ARD-Recherche-Format Vorsicht, Verbraucherfalle im Ersten sowie als Autorin des Wirtschaftsmagazins plusminus. Im Dezember 2020 moderierte sie in Vertretung plusminus. Seit 2019 ist sie Moderatorin des Verbraucherformats Preiswert, nützlich, gut?  im SWR Fernsehen.

Mitgliedschaften
Hendrike Brenninkmeyer ist ehrenamtliches Mitglied der Verbraucherkommission Baden-Württemberg, eines Gremiums, das die Landesregierung in Verbraucherfragen berät.

Privatleben
Hendrike Brenninkmeyer ist verheiratet. 2008 brachte sie ihren Sohn zur Welt, 2010 bekam sie eine Tochter. Die Familie lebt in Baden-Baden.

Weblinks

 Eigene Website
 Moderatorenporträt beim Europamagazin
 Hendrike Brenninkmeyer bei Celebrity Speakers
 https://www.swrfernsehen.de/marktcheck/hendrike-brenninkmeyer-moderatorin-marktcheck-102.html

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehmoderator (Deutschland)
Journalist (Deutschland)
Person (ARD)
Person (Südwestrundfunk)
Niederländer
Geboren 1973
Frau

Hendrike Brenninkmeyer


De vilde gæs () er en britisk krigsfilm fra 1978 med Richard Burton, Roger Moore, Richard Harris og Hardy Krueger i hovedrollerne. Regi er ved Andrew V. McLaglen.

Handling

En engelsk finansmand og lord med store interesser i at udnytte minedrift i Afrika hyrer lejesoldaten oberst Faulkner (Burton) til at befri en afrikansk afsat præsident ved navn Limbani fra fængslet. Faulkner påtager sig opgaven og kontakter to af sine gamle våbenbrødre Shawn Fynn (Moore) og Rafer Janders (Harris). Sammen opbygger de en kampenhed af tidligere faldskærmsjægere og lejesoldater. Efter stenhård træning i Swaziland landsættes «The Wild Geese» (som er deres kodenavn) i det land, hvor Limbani sidder fængslet og befrier ham. Befrielsesaktionen går efter planen, men flugten derfra viser sig at være langt vanskeligere at gennemføre, da deres arbejdsgiver foretager sig noget, som får fatale følger for mange af mændene.

Om filmen
Filmen var baseret på en upubliceret roman The Thin White Line, skrevet af Daniel Carney. Filmen blev opkaldt efter en irsk hær af lejesoldater fra 1600-tallet. Bogen blev senere lanceret med denne titel. Plottet var baseret på spekulationerne om den mystiske landing af et fly i Rhodesia i 1968, muligvis fyldt med en gruppe lejesoldater og en døende præsident for et afrikansk land, som nogle antager var Moïse Tshombe.

I rollerne
 Richard Burton ...Oberst Allen Faulkner
 Roger Moore ...Lieutenant Shaunt Fynn
 Richard Harris ...Captain Rafer Janders
 Hardy Krüger ...Lieutenant Pieter Coetzee
 Stewart Granger ...Sir Edward Matherson
 Winston Ntshona ...Julius Limbani
 John Kani ...Sergeant Jesse Blake
 Jack Watson ...RSM Sandy Young
 Frank Finlay ...Geoghagen, præsten
 Kenneth Griffith ....Arthur Witty
 Barry Foster ...Thomas Balfour
 Ronald Fraser ...Jock McTaggart
 Ian Yule ...Tosh Donaldson
 Patrick Allen ...Rushton
 Percy Herbert ...Keith
 Rosalind Lloyd ...Heather
 Jane Hylton ...Mrs. Young

Eksterne links

Net-TV
Filmtrailer

Krigsfilm
Britiske film fra 1978

De vilde gæs


HMAS Balikpapan (L 126) was the lead ship of the  of heavy landing craft (LCH). Ordered in 1969, Balikpapan entered service with the Australian Army Water Transport Squadron in late 1971. After this, the decision to place all seagoing Army vessels under the control of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) saw Balikpapan transferred and commissioned in 1974; the last of the eight-vessel class to enter RAN service. Balikpapan was placed in reserve in 1985, but was reactivated three years later. During late 1999 and early 2000, the vessel was part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce, and made additional deployments to East Timor in 2001 and 2006. On 12 December 2012, Balikpapan was retired from RAN service.

Design and construction

The eight-vessel Balikpapan class was ordered as a locally manufactured replacement for the Australian Army's LSM-1-class landing ship medium and ALC 50 landing craft. They are  long, with a beam of , and a draught of . The landing craft have a standard displacement of 316 tons, with a full load displacement of 503 tons. They are propelled by two G.M. Detroit 6-71 diesel motors, providing 675 brake horsepower to the two propeller shafts, allowing the vessels to reach . The standard ship's company is 13-strong. The Balikpapans are equipped with a Decca RM 916 navigational radar, and fitted with two  machine guns for self-defence.

The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks, 13 M113 armoured personnel carriers 23 quarter-tonne trucks, or four LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicles. As a troop transport, a Balikpapan-class vessel can transport up to 400 soldiers between a larger amphibious ship and the shore, or embark 60 soldiers in six-berth caravans for longer voyages. The vessel's payload affects the range: at 175 tons of cargo, each vessel has a range of , which increases to  with a 150-ton payload, and  when unladen. The flat, box-like keel causes the ships to roll considerably in other-than-calm conditions, limiting their ability to make long voyages.

Balikpapan was laid down by Walkers Limited at Maryborough, Queensland on 1 May 1971, launched on 15 August 1971, and assigned to the Australian Army Water Transport Squadron on 8 December 1971. After completing sea trials, Balikpapan began full operational service in 1972, with a combined RAN/Army crew.

Operational history
In 1972, the decision was made that all Army seagoing vessels would be transferred to the RAN, with the Army retaining control of small landing craft and harbour support vessels. Balikpapan was transferred to the RAN and commissioned on 27 September 1974; as the other seven LCHs had commissioned into the RAN on completion, Balikpapan was the last to enter naval service.

Balikpapan was one of the first ships to depart for Darwin to render assistance after Cyclone Tracy hit that city in December 1974, sailing on 26 December from Brisbane with sister ship .

During May and June 1984, Balikpapan completed a  transit from Brisbane to Penang, transporting vehicles, equipment, and personnel to RAAF Butterworth. Departing on 28 May, the vessel visited Cairns, Darwin, Jakarta, and Singapore, before unloading at Penang between 23 and 25 June. The landing craft returned via Singapore, Benoa, Darwin, and Cairns, and reached Brisbane on 7 August; the longest ocean voyage undertaken by a vessel of her class.

Balikpapan was paid off into reserve at Cairns on 18 September 1985; one of three landing craft decommissioned for economic reasons. She was recommissioned in 1990, although initially only for use as a training vessel attached to the Royal Australian Naval Reserve Darwin Division. The vessel was seconded to Operation Beachcomber on several occasions between 1991 and 1995 for hydrographic duties.

Balikpapan was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce. The landing craft was attached to INTERFET on two occasions; first from 20 September to 13 October 1999, then from 8 December 1999 to 15 January 2000. The ship was later awarded the battle honour "East Timor 1999-2000" in recognition of her service. From January to September 2000, the vessel was docked in Cairns for a life-of-type-extension refit. Post-refit, Balikpapan returned to East Timor to operate in support of UNTAET: November to December 2000, February to March 2001, May to June 2001, and July to August 2001.

Balikpapan returned to East Timor in 2006 during Operation Astute.

This vessel participated in Exercises Triton Thunder and Cassowary during May 2012. Balikpapan operated off Dundee Beach in the Northern Territory in concert with units from the Indonesian Navy and RAN Fleet Air Arm.

Decommissioning and fate
Balikpapan was decommissioned at Darwin on 12 December 2012.

The Philippine Navy has shown interest in acquiring the ship, after the Australian government donated two other sister ships,  and  in 2015. It was later confirmed that the Philippine Navy is acquiring three more LCH from Australia, including ex-HMAS Balikpapan, at a token price.

Citations

References
Books

Journal articles

Balikpapan-class landing craft heavy
1971 ships
Ships built in Queensland

HMAS Balikpapan


André Onana Onana (født 2. april 1996) er en camerounsk professionel fodboldspiller, som spiller for Premier League-klubben Manchester United.

Klubkarriere

Ajax
Efter at have spillet for Samuel Eto'os akademi i Cameroun, flyttede Onana i 2010 til FC Barcelonas akademi. I januar 2015 skiftede han til AFC Ajax, og blev med det samme en del af deres ungdomshold, Jong Ajax. Onana debuterede for førsteholdet i 2016-17 sæsonen, og etablerede sig med det samme som en fast mand på holdet.

I februar 2021 blev Onana bandlyst fra fodbold i et år af UEFA. Dette var fordi han var blevet testet positiv for Furosemide, et bandlyst stof. Onana appelerede beslutningen, og sagde, at han ved et uheld havde taget hans kones medicin. I juni blev hans bandlysning reduceret til 9 måneder.

Inter Milan
Onana skiftede i juli 2022 til Inter Milan efter hans kontrakt med Ajax var udløbet. Han spillede i sin ene sæson hos Inter en vigtig rolle i, at klubben vandt Coppa Italia og nåede til Champions League finalen, hvor de dog tabte til Manchester City.

Manchester United
Onana skiftede i juli 2023 til Manchester United.

Landsholdskarriere
Onana debuterede for Camerouns landshold den 6. september 2016. Han har været del af Camerouns trupper til flere internationale tuneringer. Efter den første kamp ved VM 2022, kom Onana i et skænderi med træner Rigobert Song, som resulterede i, at han blev sendt hjem fra tuneringen. Herefter annoncerede Onana, at han stoppede på landsholdet.

Titler
Ajax
 Eredivisie: 2 (2018-19, 2020-21, 2021-22)
 KNVB Cup: 2 (2018-19, 2020-21)
 Johan Cruijff Schaal: 1 (2019)
Inter Milan
 Coppa Italia: 1 (2022-23)
 Supercoppa Italiana: 1 (2022)

Individuelle

 Årets fodboldspiller i Cameroun: 1 (2018)
 Bedste afrikanske målmand: 1 (2018)
 Eredivisie Årets hold: 1 (2018-19)
 CAF Årets hold: 1 (2019)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Cameroun
Fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Cameroun
Fodboldspillere fra AFC Ajax
Fodboldspillere fra FC Internazionale Milano
Fodboldspillere fra Manchester United F.C.
Deltagere ved Africa Cup of Nations 2019
Deltagere ved Africa Cup of Nations 2021
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2022

André Onana


Der geheime Teilhaber (engl. Originaltitel The Secret Sharer, Alternativtitel Der heimliche Teilhaber) ist eine Erzählung, die im Jahre 1909 von Joseph Conrad geschrieben und im Jahre 1910 veröffentlicht wurde.

Die Geschichte handelt von einem Kapitän, der einen Steuermann eines anderen Schiffs, der dort wegen Mordes unter Arrest gestellt wurde, vor seiner Mannschaft versteckt hält und ihm bei seiner Flucht hilft.

Handlung
Die Handlung beginnt auf einem Schiff, welches in einer Flussmündung zum Golf von Siam liegend auf eine für die Heimreise ausreichende Brise wartet. Der junge Kapitän, der aus nicht näher erläuterten Gründen neu auf dem Schiff ist und dort sein erstes Kommando übernimmt, nimmt während seiner nächtlichen Wache einen Schwimmer namens Leggatt an Bord, der sich als Steuermann der in der Nähe ankernden Sephora vorstellt.

Um sein unerwartetes Auftauchen zu erklären, erzählt dieser, dass er während eines Sturmes einen anderen Seemann im Affekt erwürgt hat. Aus diesem Grund sei er vom Kapitän unter Arrest gestellt worden. Es gelang ihm schließlich sich schwimmend auf eine kleine Insel und dann auf das bereits erwähnte Schiff zu flüchten. Aus unbekannten Gründen versteckt der Kapitän schließlich den Flüchtling in seiner Kabine vor seiner eigenen Mannschaft und der nach ihm suchenden Mannschaft der Sephora.

Als das Schiff schließlich seine Fahrt durch den Golf von Siam beginnt, arbeiten beide einen Plan aus, Leggatt vor der Küste Kambodschas abzusetzen. Zu diesem Zweck manövriert der Kapitän schließlich sein Schiff unter dem Vorwand, den Landwind nutzen zu wollen, sehr nah vor die Küste einer kambodschanischen Insel. In dem Moment, in dem das Schiff wendet, um sich wieder von der Insel zu entfernen, lässt sich Leggatt ins Wasser gleiten, um zur Küste zu schwimmen. Der Schlapphut, den er dabei verliert, dient schließlich dem Kapitän, der das Schiff nach Meinung seiner Mannschaft zu nah an die Küste gefahren hat, als Orientierungshilfe, um das Schiff erfolgreich zu wenden.

Erzählweise und Motive
Erzählt wird die gesamte Geschichte von dem Kapitän, dessen Namen unbekannt bleibt. Somit handelt es sich um eine Ich-Erzählung und deshalb um eine personale Erzählsituation.

Der junge Kapitän, der erst vor vierzehn Tagen sein erstesKommandos übernommen hat, zweifelt an seiner Fähigkeit, der neuen Verantwortung gerecht zu werden wie auch an der Eignung des Schiffs, die lange Rückreise aus der javanischen See nach Europa zu überstehen. Er wünscht sich eine "Gemeinschaft" mit dem Schiff, auf dessen Reling er sich "wie auf die Schulter eines vertrauten Freundes" stützen möchte, zweifelt aber an "unserer [beider] Tauglichkeit". Die Größe der Verantwortung für Schiff und Mannschaft als Zweitjüngster an Bord tragen zu müssen, lässt ihn sich "selber irgendwie fremd" werden. Da er zunächst noch nicht überzeugt ist, seine Rolle ausfüllen zu können, wird die Fremdheit gegenüber Schiff und Besatzung ein Leitmotiv der Erzählung. Das Rollenideal eines souveränen Kapitäns tritt ihm als Leerform, aber noch nicht als eigenes Potenzial gegenüber.

Indem der Erzähler sowohl das Schiff als auch seine Unsicherheit des Anfangs personifizierend als Instanzen der Handlung einführt, schafft er den narrativen Raum für den Auftritt seines Besuchers, des "Teilhabers" oder auch neutral Mitbewohners oder Partners, der weniger durch Äußerlichkeiten als durch die Bezeichnung als "Zweites Ich" oder "Doppelgänger" zur Personifikation dieses charakterlichen Defizits hervorgehoben wird: Der Doppelgänger, der durchaus ein Produkt der Einbildung des jungen Kapitäns sein könnte, verfügt über nautische Erfahrung und Urteilsfähigkeit, Belastbarkeit in kritischen Situationen und Mut, Unabhängigkeit und Handlungsfähigkeit – Talente, die auch der junge Ich-Erzähler erst in den wenigen Tagen der Zwiesprache mit seinem Doppelgänger entwickelt, der so zur Allegorie einer Selbstvergewisserung wird.

Erst nach der stillen Zwiesprache mit seinem Doppelgänger verfügt der junge Kapitän über die geforderte aktive Seite als reales Potenzial seines Handelns, das er durch ein leichtsinniges Manöver auch seiner Mannschaft beweist: Er nähert sich zwar dem "Tor zur ewigen Nacht", aber anders als sein Doppelgänger überschreitet er nie die Schwelle der "Pforte zur Unterwelt". Der das Schiff verlassende Doppelgänger dagegen muss sich "für immer vor jedem Freundesantlitz verbergen, um flüchtig und unstet auf Erden zu sein." Der junge Kapitän kann entgegen alle Erwartung das Schiff doch noch in Sicherheit bringen und erreicht so schließlich sein Ziel des Anfangs, die "vollkommene Gemeinschaft eines Seemanns mit seinem Schiff".

Historischer Hintergrund
Conrad verarbeitet in seiner Erzählung einen Vorfall auf dem Segler Cutty Sark: Auf dem Schiff hatte der erst 27-jährige Kapitän Wallace aus ungeklärten Gründen im September 1880 Selbstmord begangen. Vermutet wurde, dass er seinem Ersten Steuermann William Smith, der einen schwarzen Matrosen erschlagen hatte, zur Flucht und auf der amerikanischen Colorado zur Anstellung verholfen und damit vor einem Gerichtsverfahren bewahrt hatte. William Smith wurde zwei Jahre später verhaftet und zu sieben Jahren Haft wegen Totschlags verurteilt.

Ausgaben (Auswahl)
Joseph Conrad: Der geheime Teilhaber, in: Joseph Conrad: Jugend. Der geheime Teilhaber. Mit einem Nachwort von Ilija Trojanow, München: C.H.Beck (textura): 2013 ISBN 9783406644917
Erzählungen II. Das Ende vom Lied – Der geheime Teilhaber – Die Schattenlinie. Edition Maritim, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 978-3892255543
The Secret Sharer Der geheime Teilhaber: An Episode from the Coast Eine Geschichte von der Küste. [Zweisprachige Ausg.] Übers. Maria von Schweinitz. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1995. ISBN 978-3423093408

Einzelnachweise

Literarisches Werk
Erzählung
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Werk von Joseph Conrad

Der geheime Teilhaber


Rasp er tørret, findelt brød. Det benyttes i forskellige retter fra æblekage, over fars, til panering af fisk og krebinetter. Rasp kan også strøs i en smurt form. Rasp kan fremstilles af tørt franskbrød eller tvebakker. De kan tilsættes andre ingredienser, så man kan få rasp med speciel smag.

Fødevarer
Madlavning

Rasp (brød)


Marianne Waldburga Schildknecht Hediger (* 20. April 1921 in Basel; † 23. Oktober 2017) war eine Schweizer Schauspielerin.

Sie erlangte Bekanntheit durch Schweizer Filme in den 1940er, 1950er und 1960er Jahren wie Hinter den sieben Gleisen (1959), Oberstadtgass (1956), Polizischt Wäckerli (1955). Neben der Filmschauspielerei war sie lange Zeit auch im Theater tätig. Mitte der 1960er Jahre zog sie sich aus dem Schauspielerberuf zurück.

Sie lebte bis zu ihrem Tod 2017 in Basel. Sie war mit Eugen F. Schildknecht (1922–1985) verheiratet und wurde auf dem Friedhof am Hörnli im Riehen beerdigt.

Filmografie
 1941: Der letzte Postillon von St. Gotthard
 1941: Der doppelte Matthias und seine Töchter (Fünfmäderlhaus)
 1942: Menschen die vorüberziehen...
 1955: Leben und leben lassen (Polizischt Wäckerli)
 1956: In allen Gassen wohnt das Glück (Oberstadtgass)
 1957: Die Zürcher Verlobung
 1957: Taxichauffeur Bänz
 1958: Eine Rheinfahrt, die ist lustig (Zum goldenen Ochsen)
 1959: Hinter den sieben Gleisen
 1963–1964: Polizischt Wäckerli (Fernsehserie, 8 Folgen)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Darstellender Künstler (Basel)
Schweizer
Geboren 1921
Gestorben 2017
Frau

Marianne Hediger


3 Andromedae, abreviado 3 And, é uma única estrela na constelação de Andrômeda. 3 Andromedae é a designação de Flamsteed . É visível a olho nu com uma magnitude visual aparente de 4,64.  A distância até esta estrela, determinada a partir de um deslocamento anual de paralaxe de 18, é 181 anos-luz . Ele está se aproximando da Terra com uma velocidade radial heliocêntrica de -35 km/s,  e tem um movimento próprio relativamente grande , atravessando a esfera celeste em 0,236 ″ ·ano  .

Esta é uma estrela gigante evoluída com uma classificação estelar de K0 IIIb, onde o sufixo 'b' indica um gigante de menor luminosidade. É uma estrela de aglomerado vermelho, o que significa que está gerando energia através da fusão de hélio em seu núcleo. Esta estrela tem cerca de 1,7 vezes a massa do Sol ( M ☉ ), e, com a idade de 2,3 bilhões de anos, expandiu-se para 10 vezes o raio do Sol ( R ☉ ).  Está irradiando 49 vezes a luminosidade do Sol de sua fotosfera ampliada a uma temperatura efetiva de 4.668 K.

Constelação de Andromeda

3 Andromedae


Det brænder i Norden er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1940, der er instrueret af Theodor Christensen efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Optagelser fra den finske vinterkrig og den tyske invasion i Norge.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1940

Film om 2. verdenskrig fra Danmark
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Det brænder i Norden


One Million Years B.C. is a 1966 British adventure fantasy film directed by Don Chaffey. The film was produced by Hammer Film Productions and Seven Arts, and is a remake of the 1940 American fantasy film One Million B.C.. The film stars Raquel Welch and John Richardson, set in a fictional age of cavemen and dinosaurs coexisting together. Location scenes were filmed on the Canary Islands in the middle of winter, in late 1965. The UK release prints of this film were printed in dye transfer Technicolor. The U.S. version released by 20th Century Fox was cut by nine minutes, printed in DeLuxe Color, and released in 1967.

Like the original film, this remake is largely ahistorical. It portrays dinosaurs and humans living at the same point in time; according to the geologic time scale, the last non-avian dinosaurs became extinct 66 million years ago, and modern humans (Homo sapiens) did not exist until about 300,000 years B.C. Ray Harryhausen, who animated all of the dinosaur attacks using stop-motion animation techniques, commented on the U.S. King Kong DVD that he did not make One Million Years B.C. for "professors...who probably don't go to see these kinds of movies anyway."

Plot

Men of the dark-haired Rock tribe, led by chief Akhoba, who is accompanied by his rivaling sons, Tumak and Sakana, capture and kill a warthog and return to share it with the rest of the tribe. Tumak and Akhoba fight over the meat, and Akhoba banishes Tumak to the harsh desert. After surviving several encounters with various prehistoric creatures, Tumak collapses on a remote beach and is spotted by Loana and other women of the fair-haired Shell tribe. Joined by some of the men from the tribe, Loana rescues Tumak from  an Archelon which is driven into the sea. Tumak is taken to the Shell tribe's village where he discovers they are more civilized and advanced than the Rock Tribe.

Back at the Rock tribe, Sakana tries to seize power by killing Akhoba. Akhoba survives, but is a broken man as Sakana becomes the new leader.

With the Shell tribe, Tumak rescues a small girl from an attack by an Allosaurus, endearing him to Loana. However, Tumak is banished from the village after he fights Shell tribe member Ahot for possession of the spear Tumak used to fight the creature. Loana decides to accompany Tumak, and Ahot surrenders the spear to Tumak in a gesture of good will. Tumak, with Loana in tow, wanders back to the Rock Tribe camp, but again, there are altercations. They eventually witness an epic fight between a Triceratops and a Ceratosaurus after they encountered and are chased by one of them. The most dramatic fight is a fight between Tumak's current love interest Loana and his former lover Nupondi. Loana wins the fight but refuses to strike the killing blow, despite the encouragement from the other members of the tribe. Sakana resents Tumak's and Loana's attempts at incorporating Shell tribe ways into their culture.  While the Rock tribe is swimming, a female Pteranodon attacks and snatches Loana to feed her to her offspring. However, a Rhamphorhynchus intervenes and a fight ensues. Loana is dropped into the sea and makes it to shore. At first, Tumak mistakenly believes Loana is dead, but they are soon reunited.

Sakana leads a group of like-minded fellow hunters in an armed revolt against Akhoba. Tumak, Ahot and Loana, and other members of the Shell tribe arrive and join the fight against Sakana. In the midst of the battle, a volcano suddenly erupts. Members of both tribes are killed by either the effects of the volcano, or by their attackers. Sakana is speared to death and Akhoba is crushed by falling rock. Tumak, Loana, and the surviving members of both tribes emerge from the desolation and jointly set off to find a new home, with Tumak as the new leader.

Cast
 Raquel Welch as Loana
 John Richardson as Tumak
 Percy Herbert as Sakana
 Robert Brown as Akhoba
 Martine Beswick as Nupondi
 Jean Wladon as Ahot

Production

The exterior scenes were filmed on Lanzarote and Tenerife in the Canary Islands in the middle of winter. The film features the Echium wildpretii plant, as a homage to Tenerife's unique endemic flora. However, the plants are set in scenes filmed on the Lanzarote beach. In actuality, this plant only flowers from May to June, and never in the time frame of the filming. It is found in Tenerife mountain zones higher than . As a conclusion , the endemic plants featured in the movie were plastic replacements.
As there were no active volcanoes in the Canary Islands, the studio had to construct a 6–7 ft (2-metre) high volcano on the Associated British Picture Corporation's studio back lot. The eruption, lava explosions and lava flows were composed of a mixture of wallpaper paste, oatmeal, dry ice and red dye. Harryhausen filmed the dinosaur visuals in his personal studio in London.

As the Shell people are attacked by a giant turtle, the women call it Archelon which is the real scientific name for the animal. The film uses six live creatures: a vulture, a python, a green iguana, a warthog, a Loaghtan and a tarantula (a cricket can be seen at the tarantula's side). Ray Harryhausen was asked repeatedly about these unanimated creatures, and he confessed they were his idea. At the time, he felt the use of real creatures would convince the audience that all of what they were about to see was indeed real.

Shortly after, Tumak encounters a dinosaur skeleton, which helped build audience anticipation for further dinosaur encounters. This supposedly massive skeleton was actually only about 12 inches in length, made of plaster and shot against a blue backing and matted into the foreground.

The scene where the young Allosaurus attacks the village is similar to one in the original film. Shortly after the creature appears it plucks a man out of the water. They used an actor suspended on wires and Harryhausen positioned an animated model man over the actor, on the rear projection plate; thus it seemed as if the live actor was being eaten. Another technically complex scene in this part of the film was when a man fighting the young Allosaurus is trapped under a shelter: the dinosaur grabs a support and collapses it. The team used a full-size shelter rigged to collapse at that point during the action. Harryhausen then placed a miniature part in the creature's mouth which, when all lined up on the rear projection plate, blended in perfectly. The final significant scene in this sequence is when Tumak impales the creature on a spear from below. John Richardson, the actor who played Tumak, held nothing in the long shots and pretended to have a pole in his hands, but he did hold a pole in the close-up shots. A miniature pole was built and used for the long shots. It was placed in the studio in front of Richardson's hands, and then Harryhausen animated the young Allosaurus suspended on wires in front of John, on top of the miniature pole.

The Pteranodon sequence took much time to create, primarily because of how hard it would be to make a model pterosaur pick up a real woman. However the solution was simple: Instead of using a large crane on location, the crew had Raquel Welch fall behind a rock, and then the model Pteranodon swoops down and flies off with a model of Welch, which was substituted during the single second in which she is behind the rock and not visible. Later, when the creature takes her to its nest, the nest was matted into the scene atop a real rock face by double printing the film. For the Pteranodon and Rhamphorhynchus fight scene, when she is dropped into the water, Harryhausen and the crew released her from two dummy rubber Pteranodon claws and while the real Welch fell onto a mattress, the film cut to a long shot of the Welch model suspended on wires.

Robert Brown (Akhoba) wears makeup similar to that worn by Lon Chaney Jr. in the same role in the 1940 version, One Million B.C.

Originally Hammer offered the role of Loana to Ursula Andress. When Andress passed on the project due to commitments and salary demands, a search for a replacement resulted in the selection of Welch. Welch, who had finished doing Fantastic Voyage for Fox, was under contract to the studio (who held U.S. distribution rights for the film) and was told by studio President Richard Zanuck that she would be loaned out to Hammer for the production. Although reluctant, Welch said that the selling point was the chance to spend six to eight weeks of filming in London (while shooting interiors) during the height of its "swinging" period.

Fur bikini

Welch wore a bikini made of fur and hide in the film. She was described as "wearing mankind's first bikini" and the bikini was described as a "definitive look of the 1960s". The publicity photograph of Welch from the film became a best-selling pinup poster, and something of a cultural phenomenon.

The iconic image was copied by the artist Tom Chantrell to create the film poster promoting the theatrical release of One Million Years B.C. Welch's depiction is accompanied by the film's title in bold red lettering across a landscape populated with dinosaurs.

Welch stated in a 2012 interview that three form-fitting bikinis were made for her, including two for a wet scene and a fight scene, by costume designer Carl Toms: "Carl just draped me in doe-skin, and I stood there while he worked on it with scissors." Many noted photographers had been flown to Tenerife by 20th Century Fox on a publicity junket, but the iconic pose of Welch was taken by the unit still photographer. The poster is a story element in the film The Shawshank Redemption.

Music
Composer Mario Nascimbene was in charge of the film's music and score. The soundtrack was released in Italy as a 7-track limited edition vinyl LP on the Intermezzo label in 1985. It was re-released in Italy on compact disc in 1994 (now out of print) as a soundtrack compilation also including two other Hammer films.
The original score for the film:

Release
It was first screened on 25 October 1966, at the London Trade Show with a general release in the United Kingdom on 30 December 1966, by Warner-Pathé and the United States on 21 February 1967, by 20th Century Fox. The U.S. cut was censored for a broader audience, losing around nine minutes. Deleted scenes included a provocative dance from Martine Beswick, a gruesome end to one of the ape men in the cave and some footage of the young Allosauruss attack on the Shell tribe. On 17 October 1966, the British Board of Film Classification announced that the film would receive an A certificate rating. It is currently a PG certificate applied on video in March 1989 distributed by Warner Home Video Ltd.

Home video
The film was originally available on VHS and laserdisc. In 2002 Warner Bros. released a UK DVD, including a "Raquel Welch in the Valley of the Dinosaurs" featurette, a 12-minute interview with Ray Harryhausen and the theatrical trailer. A Region 1 DVD (featuring the U.S. edit) was released by 20th Century Fox in 2004.

In October 2016, a special two-disc 50th anniversary edition DVD and Blu-ray was released in the UK by Studio Canal, with new interviews with Welch and Beswick, new Harryhausen storyboard stills, and other promotional imagery. In the United States, a Blu-ray was released on 14 February 2017 by Kino Lorber Studio Classics and includes the international (Disc 1) and U.S. cut (Disc 2) of the film. This issue has more bonus material than the UK edition, including previous interviews with Welch and Harryhausen from 2002 and an audio commentary by film historian Tim Lucas.

Reception

Box office
Despite the censorship upon release in the U.S., the film was still popular and made $2.5 million in U.S. rentals during its first year of release. It was one of the twelve most popular films at the British box office in 1967.

According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $2,250,000 in rentals to break even and made $4,425,000, meaning it made a solid profit.

In 1968, it was re-released in the UK on a double feature alongside She (1965), an earlier Hammer film. The pairing became the ninth most popular theatrical release of the year.

Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 67% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.64/10.
Among contemporary reviews, Variety wrote "the whole thing is good humored full-of-action commercial nonsense, but the moppets will love it and older male moppets will probably love Miss Welch"; and The Monthly Film Bulletin noted "Very easy to dismiss the film as a silly spectacle; but Hammer production finesse is much in evidence and Don Chaffey has done a competent job of direction. And it is all hugely enjoyable"; while more recently, The Times wrote that "seen nowadays it is a kitschy, retro scream. Yet as dinosaurs and giant sea-turtles roam the volcanic earth in One Million Years BC, this is also a chance to appreciate the early work of the great special effects pioneer Ray Harryhausen." Similarly, TV Guide concluded "While far from being one of Harryhausen's best films (the quality of which had little to do with his abilities), the movie has superb effects that are worth a look for his fans."

Legacy
All the dinosaur models from this film still exist, although the Ceratosaurus and Triceratops were re-purposed for The Valley of Gwangi (1969), as Gwangi the Allosaurus and the Styracosaurus. One Million Years B.C. was the first in an unconnected series of prehistoric films from Hammer. It was followed by Prehistoric Women (1967), When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth (1970) and Creatures the World Forgot (1971). Stock footage depicting the landslide was reused for Alex's daydream scene in Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film A Clockwork Orange.

In other media
The film was adapted into a 15-page comic strip for the May 1978 issue of the magazine House of Hammer (volume 2 #14, published by Top Sellers Ltd). It was drawn by John Bolton from a script by Steve Moore. The cover of the issue featured a painting by Brian Lewis of Welch in the famous fur bikini.

In the 1994 film The Shawshank Redemption, a large poster of Welch in her role as Loana is used by Andy Dufresne (played by Tim Robbins) to conceal his tunnel digging.

In the 2021 film Belfast, Buddy (played by Jude Hill) and his family go to the cinema and his father (played by Jamie Dornan) chooses to watch One Million Years B.C.

Raquel Welch's fur bikini costume design and overall looks in this film served as the primary basis for the creation of the character Ayla for the 1995 video game Chrono Trigger. Ayla is a prehistoric woman that lived in "65000000 B.C." timeline, and is also a subject of anachronistic and ahistoric narrative, with other contemporaries from her timeline being depicted as a mixture of Rock and Shell people from this movie, who live in a world where dinosaurs still roam the land.

See also
 Blonde versus brunette rivalry
 List of films featuring dinosaurs
 List of stop-motion films

References

External links

 One Million Years B.C. at DBCult Film Institute

1966 films
1960s fantasy adventure films
1960s monster movies
1960s English-language films
1960s British films
British alternative history films
British fantasy adventure films
Giant monster films
Patricide in fiction
British remakes of American films
Hammer Film Productions films
Films directed by Don Chaffey
Films produced by Aida Young
Films scored by Mario Nascimbene
Films about cavemen
Films about dinosaurs
Films adapted into comics
Films using stop-motion animation
Films shot at Associated British Studios
Films shot in the Canary Islands

One Million Years B.C.


Am EHF-Europapokal der Pokalsieger 2001/02 nahmen 29 Handball-Vereinsmannschaften aus 29 Ländern teil. Diese qualifizierten sich in der vorangegangenen Saison in ihren Heimatländern im Pokalwettbewerb für den Europapokal. Bei der 26. Austragung des Pokalsiegerwettbewerbes, konnte mit GK Lada Toljatti zum zweiten Mal eine Mannschaft aus Russland den Pokal gewinnen.

3. Runde
Da die Europäische Handballföderation die Rundenbezeichnungen aller Clubwettbewerbe vereinheitlichte und das Starterfeld im Cup der Pokalsieger relativ klein war, begann dieser erst mit den Spielen der 3. Runde.
Die Hinspiele der 3. Runde fanden zwischen dem 11.–19. Januar und die Rückspiele zwischen dem 13.–20. Januar 2002 statt.

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Durch ein Freilos zogen Horsens HK, CB Elda Prestigio und Vorjahresfinalist Nordstrand IF direkt in die 4. Runde ein.

4. Runde
In der 4. Runde fanden die Hinspiele vom 15.–22. Februar und die Rückspiele vom 16.–24. Februar 2002 statt.

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Viertelfinale
Im Viertelfinale fanden die Hinspiele vom 16.–22. März und die Rückspiele am 23. März 2002 statt.

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Halbfinale
Im Halbfinale fanden die Hinspiele am 14. April und die Rückspiele vom 20.–21. April 2002 statt.

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Finale
Das Hinspiel fand am 12. Mai 2002 in Râmnicu Vâlcea in der Traian Sport Hall und das Rückspiel am 18. Mai 2002 in Toljatti in der Mehrzwecksporthalle Olimp statt.

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Quellen

 CWC Frauen 2002 auf Todor66.com

Pokalsieger der Frauen 2001/02
Handballsaison 2001/02

EHF-Europapokal der Pokalsieger der Frauen 2001/02


An Tillandsia candida in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elton Martinez Carvalho Leme. An Tillandsia candida in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia candida


Isla de Faiava (en francés: île Faiava; también escrito Isla Faiaua; Île Faiaua) es una de las islas de la Lealtad, en el archipiélago de Nueva Caledonia, un territorio de ultramar de Francia en el océano Pacífico. La isla es parte de la comuna (municipio) de Ouvéa, en la provincia de Islas, de Nueva Caledonia.

Faiava se encuentra en el atolón de Ouvéa, a varios metros fuera del paso que separa la isla de Ouvéa de la Mouli. La pequeña isla de Faiava tiene una superficie de solo alrededor de 0,2 km² (50 acres). En el censo de 1996 tenía 42 personas viviendo en la isla.

Véase también
 Francia de ultramar
 Imperio colonial francés

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la isla

Faiava

Isla de Faiava


The Rolls-Royce pressurised water reactor (PWR) series has powered the Royal Navy's nuclear submarines since the , commissioned in 1966.

Background
Nuclear reactor designs, operating methods and performance standards are highly classified.

The United Kingdom's first nuclear-powered submarine  was commissioned in 1963 powered by a Westinghouse S5W reactor, provided to Britain under the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement.

PWR1

The first British naval reactor was the PWR1. It was based on a core and reactor assembly of purely British design. The reactor first went critical in 1965, four years later than planned. Technology transfers under the US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement eventually made Rolls-Royce entirely self-sufficient in reactor design in exchange for a "considerable amount" of information regarding submarine design and quietening techniques being passed on to the United States.

The reactor fuel was highly enriched uranium (HEU) enriched to between 93% and 97%. Each nuclear core had a life of about 10 years, so had to be refueled about twice during the lifetime of a submarine.

Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations at Derby was the centre for design and manufacture of the UK's submarine reactors, and remains so today. The Ministry of Defence's Vulcan Nuclear Reactor Testing Establishment (NRTE), at Dounreay, tested each reactor core design prior to its installation in nuclear submarines.

Submarines
Prototype
 Vulcan Naval Reactor Test Establishment, Dounreay
Core A
 Valiant-class SSN

 Resolution-class SSBN

Core B
 Churchill-class SSN

Core Z
 Swiftsure-class SSN

 Trafalgar-class SSN

PWR2
The PWR2 was developed for the  Trident missile submarines and is a development of the PWR1. The first PWR2 reactor was completed in 1985 with testing beginning in August 1987 at the Vulcan Naval Reactor Test Establishment.

The reactor fuel is highly enriched uranium (HEU) enriched to between 93% and 97%. The latest PWR2 reactor core design is "Core H", which has a life of about 30 years removing the need for refueling, allowing a submarine to avoid two reactor refits in its service life. HMS Vanguard was fitted with the new core during its refit, followed by her three sister boats. The s have this full-life core installed. As they were developed for SSBNs, the reactors are considerably larger than those of then-current British fleet submarines. The diameter of then-forthcoming Astute-class hulls was therefore increased to accommodate the PWR2.

A safety assessment of the PWR2 design by the Defence Nuclear Safety Regulator in November 2009 was released under a Freedom of Information request in March 2011. The regulator identified two major areas where UK practice fell significantly short of comparable good practice: loss-of-coolant accident and control of submarine depth following emergency reactor shutdown. The regulator concluded that PWR2 was "potentially vulnerable to a structural failure of the primary circuit", which was a failure mode with significant safety hazards to crew and the public.

In January 2012 radiation was detected in the PWR2 test reactor's coolant water, caused by a microscopic breach in fuel cladding. This discovery led to  being refueled early and contingency measures being applied to other Vanguard  and Astute-class submarines, at a cost of £270 million. This was not revealed to the public until 2014.

In February 2013, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) awarded Rolls-Royce a £800 million ten year "foundation" contract to "deliver and maintain" the reactors of the Astute-class and the Vanguard-class replacement the Successor. In February 2019, the MoD awarded Rolls-Royce a £235 million three year contract for Nuclear Propulsion Lifetime Management for the Trafalgar, Vanguard and Astute classes.

Submarines
Core H
 Vanguard-class SSBN

 Astute-class SSN

 (under construction)
 (under construction)

PWR3
Three propulsion options were considered for the replacement of the Vanguard-class, the Successor: PWR2, PWR2b (derivative with improved performance) and PWR3. PWR3 was a new system "based on a US design but using UK reactor technology". The Royal Institution of Naval Architects reported that it was likely that the UK was given access to the  US Navy S9G reactor design used in their Virginia-class submarines. The PWR3 was a simpler and safer design with a longer life and lower maintenance requirements than the PWR2 variants and cost roughly the same as the PWR2b. The PWR3 has 30% fewer parts compared to the PWR2.

In March 2011, Defence Secretary Liam Fox said the PWR3 was the preferred option "because those reactors give us a better safety outlook". In May 2011, the Ministry of Defence announced that PWR3 had been selected for the Successor (later named the Dreadnought-class in 2016). The PWR3 cost about £50 million more per boat to purchase and operate compared to PWR2 designs. This is offset by the PWR3's longer life over the 25-year life PWR2 designs. The PWR3 does not require reactor core prototype tests; instead computational modelling is used. Consequently, the Vulcan Nuclear Reactor Testing Establishment operated by Rolls-Royce closed in 2015.

In June 2012, the MoD awarded Rolls-Royce a £600 million contract to produce reactors for the Dreadnought-class and also for the final boat of the Astute-class HMS Agincourt. The MoD also awarded Rolls-Royce a further £500 million to refurbish their Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations reactor core manufacturing plant at Derby to manufacture the PWR3 and to extend the plant's operational life to 2056. In January 2020, the National Audit Office reported that the construction of the plant was five years behind schedule and was now forecast to be in service in 2026.

Submarines
Dreadnought-class SSBN
HMS Dreadnought (under construction)
HMS Valiant (under construction)
HMS Warspite (under construction)
HMS King George VI (on order)

Future
Rolls Royce is building the reactor for SSN-AUKUS, which may be the PWR3, or a derivative.

See also
Allied technological cooperation during World War II
AUKUS
 List of commercial nuclear reactors
 List of United States Naval reactors
 Nuclear marine propulsion
Soviet naval reactors
Tizard Mission
United States naval reactors

References

Further reading

External links
Rolls-Royce Marine Products - Nuclear Plant

Nuclear reactors
PWR
Naval reactors
Trident (UK nuclear programme)
Nuclear technology in the United Kingdom

Rolls-Royce PWR


Graziano Verzotto, né le  à Santa Giustina in Colle (Province de Padoue), mort le  à Padoue, est un dirigeant d'entreprise et homme politique italien.

Partisan puis membre de la Démocratie chrétienne, il est proche de Enrico Mattei qui lui confie les rênes de l'Azienda generale italiana petroli (AGIP) en Sicile où il s'implante politiquement. Affairiste et réputé proche des milieux mafieux, il doit démissionner de la présidence de l'Ente minerario siciliano après la découverte de malversations et est soupçonné d'être lié au crash d'avion mortel de Mattei et à la disparition du journaliste Mauro De Mauro.

Biographie

Engagement dans la résistance italienne
Issu d'une famille catholique de Padoue, Graziano Verzotto menace son père de se porter volontaire dans l'aviation de Mussolini lors de l'entrée en guerre de l'Italie en juin 1940, s'il ne lui est pas accordé de poursuivre ses études à la Scuola magistrale. Finalement, il s'engage dans la résistance dans une brigade Garibaldi (communisante) puis à la tête de a  Brigade Damiano Chiesa et négocie un accord de non agression avec les fascistes et des Allemands de Padoue en décembre 1944. Il mène l'insurrection de Santa Giustina in Colle en avril 1945, et est tenu co-responsable par une partie de ses concitoyens du .

Responsable des résistants catholiques du Haut Padouan, il fonde avec Enrico Mattei, son homologue lombard, l'association des partisans chrétiens pour contrecarrer l'hégémonie communiste au sein du Comité de libération nationale et de l'ANPI.

Il adhère au courant dorotea de la Démocratie chrétienne.

Dirigeant d'ENI et de la DC sicilienne
Quand Enrico Mattei prend la tête du pétrolier Eni après la guerre, Verzotto intègre l'entreprise italienne à Milan et vient en Sicile en 1953 comme fonctionnaire de l'AGIP, filiale d'Eni. En 1952, il se rend en Sicile orientale pour des forages pétroliers. Il s'y installe et est missionné par Amintore Fanfani pour recadrer la DC de la province de Syracuse.

Il épouse Maria Nicotra, députée démocrate chrétienne de dix ans son aînée. Ancienne collaboratrice d'Amintore Fanfani et héritière d'une riche famille de Catane, Graziano Verzotto s'appuie sur les ressources politiques et financières de sa femme pour accroître son poids local et mène de front son activisme politique et ses fonctions pour ENI.

Il développe son autorité sur Syracuse et occupe le secrétariat provincial de la DC à Syracuse de 1955 à 1975. En 1960, avec Giuseppe D'Angelo, il convainc Benedetto Majorana della Nicchiara de trahir Milazzo contre la présidence de la région et piège Ludovico Corrao et un député régional communiste qui, accusés de tentative de corruption en pleine séance de l'ARS, pousse le gouvernement dissident à la démission. Pour cette mise en échec d'une union droite-gauche, il reçoit les félicitations du parrain Lucky Luciano. Il plaide cependant pour le maintien du projet de construction du complexe pétrochimique de Gela, décidée par le gouvernement de Silvio Milazzo au profit d'ENI dont il est chargé des relations publiques sur l'île jusqu'en 1964 quand, prié de démissionner ou de revenir dans les bureaux romains ou milanais de l'entreprise, il est nommé par Eugenio Cefis consultant.pour le complexe pétrochimique Anic de Gela dans lequel s'implante la famille mafieuse Di Cristina.

Il est secrétaire régional de la DC en Sicile de 1962 à 1966, remplacé par Antonino Drago. A la demande de Mariano Rumor, il se rend en 1964 à Mussomeli où la DC locale a protesté contre l'assignation à résidence décidée contre le mafieux Genco Russo.

Il investit avec l'ancien serveur devenu financier Giancarlo Parretti, dans une chaîne d'hôtels sur la côte (Park Hotel, Villa Politi et Eloro), et dans l'immobilier en France, en Espagne et au Liban.

En octobre 1962, Mattei décolle de l'aéroport de Catane où l'a suivi Verzotto avant de refuser de monter à bord de l'avion. Celui-ci s'écrase avant d'atterrir à Milan. Après cette mort restée mystérieuse, Graziano Verzotto prend la tête des défenseurs de la stratégie de Mattei d'accords directs avec les pays arabes à travers la poursuite du projet d'un gazoduc entre l'Algérie et la Sicile, contre le rapprochement avec le  occidental prôné par Eugenio Cefis, autre proche collaborateur de Mattei.

Son concurrent l'emporte, et Verzotto fait publier en 1972, par la maison d'édition Ami, un pamphlet intitulé Voici Cefis. L'autre face de l'honorable président, qui décrit Cefis comme  et insinue qu'il est le commanditaire de l'assassinat de Mattei.

En 1967, il est nommé président de l'Ente minerario siciliano (EMS), entreprise publique régionale chargée des ressources minières et pétrolières de l'île. En 1968, il est élu sénateur dans la circonscription de Noto mais renonce à ce siège pour conserver la présidence de l'EMS. Il rachète le club de football local ASD Syracuse et en prend la présidence en 1970.

Affaires judiciaires et exil
Réputé proche de la mafia (Giuseppe Di Cristina à Riesi, dont il assiste au mariage et qui est embauché dans une filiale de l'EMS par Aristide Gunnella, Stefano Bontate, les Calderone de Catane), il est le premier protecteur de Giancarlo Parretti, financier controversé qui a d'abord été l'un de ses lieutenants en Sicile. Il est cité également dans les enquêtes sur la disparition en 1970 du journaliste Mauro De Mauro, qui enquêtait sur la mort de Mattei et dont il est l'un des derniers interviewés.

Il est contraint à la démission de l'EMS par le gouvernement d'union des forces de gauche et de droite mené par Angelo Bonfiglio à cause de la découverte de fonds occultes déposés par l'entreprise régionale dans la banque privée de Michele Sindona, blanchisseur de l'argent de la Cosa Nostra qui lui versait des intérêts sur un compte personnel suisse. Quelques jours plus tard, il est grièvement blessé dans une tentative d'enlèvement le  à Syracuse, puis quitte la Sicile pour échapper aux poursuites judiciaires, laissant à sa femme la gestion du club de football. Après s'être réfugié à Beyrouth comme d'autres entrepreneurs italiens inquiétés par la justice (Ernesto Brivio et Felice Riva), il trouve à partir de 1977 refuge en France, où il aurait été protégé par les services français. Il poursuit ses affaires avec Parretti à travers des holdings au Luxembourg et aux Bahamas, alimentant le soupçon, non avéré, d'un blanchiment par Parretti de l'argent mafieux collecté par Verzotto. Seize fois cité dans des affaires judiciaires, il est rarement condamné, si ce n'est à quatre ans dans l'affaire Sindona. Il revient en Italie en 1991 après une grâce.

En juillet 2012, deux ans après la mort de Verzotto, la cour d'assises de Palerme acquitte Salvatore Riina de la disparition du journaliste mais identifie Verzotto comme l'un des commanditaires de l'enlèvement auprès des boss Giuseppe Di Cristina et Stefano Bontate, tous les deux tués plus tard par le clan des Corleonesi. Verzotto aurait craint les révélations de De Mauro sur son implication dans l'accident mortel de Mattei, interprétation qu'il contestait un an avant sa mort dans un livre qui réaffirme son amitié avec le PDG d'ENI.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Politique de la Sicile

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1923
Naissance dans la province de Padoue
Décès à Padoue
Décès en juin 2010
Personnalité de la Démocratie chrétienne (Italie)
Sénateur de la cinquième législature de la République italienne
Résistant italien
Conjoint de personnalité politique
Décès à 87 ans

Graziano Verzotto


Karwinskia es un género de plantas de la familia Rhamnaceae.

Taxonomía
Karwinskia fue descrito por Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini y publicado en Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1: 349–353, pl. 16, en el año 1832. La especie tipo es: Karwinskia glandulosa Zucc.
Etimología
Karwinskia: nombre genérico otorgado en honor del botánico Wilhelm Friedrich von Karwinsky von Karwin.

Especies
 Karwinskia calderonii Standl.
 Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc. - capulí cimarrón
 Karwinskia johnstonii R.Fernandez
 Karwinskia latifolia Standl.
 Karwinskia mollis Schltdl.
 Karwinskia parvifolia Rose
 Karwinskia rzedowskii R.Fernandez
 Karwinskia subcordata Schltdl.
 Karwinskia umbellata (Cav.) Schltdl.
 Karwinskia venturae R.Fernandez

Referencias

Rhamnaceae

Karwinskia


زيبيلين ستاكين هي شركة ألمانية متخصصة في بناء الطائرات، ويقع مقرها في مدينة جوته. قامت الشركة ببناء أكبر طائرة خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى.

الطائرات
زيبيلين-ستاكين آر.6

المصادر

زيبيلين-ستاكين
شركات صناعة طائرات سابقة
شركات صناعة طائرات في ألمانيا

زيبيلين-ستاكين


Brachinus sclopeta ist ein Käfer aus der Familie der Laufkäfer und der Unterfamilie der Bombardierkäfer. Er gehört zur Untergattung Brachynidius, die in Europa mit dreizehn teils schwer zu unterscheidenden Arten vertreten ist.

Der Gattungsname Brachinus und der Name der Untergattung Brachynidius ist von altgriechisch βραχαίνω brachaino 'ich kürze ab' hergeleitet und nimmt auf die verkürzten Flügeldecken Bezug. Der Artname sclopeta von lat. sclopēta 'Klapps, Schall' spielt auf das Geräusch an, das der Käfer in Verbindung mit einer chemischen Reaktion erzeugen kann.

Merkmale des Käfers
Der lebhaft bunt gefärbte Käfer erreicht eine Länge von fünf bis sieben Millimetern. Die leicht glänzenden Flügeldecken sind stahlblau bis veilchenblau, Kopf, Brust, Hinterleib und Körperanhänge gelblich rot bis ziegelrot.

Der Kopf ist etwas breiter als der Halsschild, die Mundwerkzeuge zeigen nach vorn. Die Oberkiefer haben eine nach innen gekrümmte Spitze, der Innenrand ist gezähnt. Das Endglied des Lippentaster ist länglich eiförmig und am Ende abgestutzt. Die elfgliedrigen Fühler sind fadenförmig und ab dem dritten Glied fein behaart.

Der herzförmige Halsschild ist länger als breit. Der Seitenrand ist aufgeworfen.

Die größtenteils blauen glänzenden Flügeldecken haben an der Basis entlang der Naht einen roten bis braunen, schmalen, nicht scharf begrenzten Längsfleck (Scutellarfleck). Im Normalfall erstreckt er sich über das erste Drittel der Flügeldecke und verbreitert sich am Ende wenig. Die Flügeldecken sind oben flach und haben als Merkmal der Untergattung relativ ausgeprägte Schultern. Sie sind spärlich sehr fein punktiert und so kurz behaart, dass sich die Härchen nicht überschneiden. Punktstreifen sind in der Regel sehr flach und fein ausgebildet, können aber auch fehlen. Hinten sind die Flügeldecken fast geradlinig abgestutzt und lassen einen kleinen Teil des Hinterleibs unbedeckt. Das Ende der Flügeldecken ist mit einem sehr schmalen und feinen Saum versehen, an dem jedoch locker gestellte Borsten fehlen und der nicht dicht mit feinen sehr kurzen Haaren besetzt ist.

Biologie
Die Art lebt vorzugsweise aber nicht ausschließlich in feuchten Habitaten, auf Wiesen, auch in Gärten und an Ufern von Gewässern. Der Käfer ist unter Ästen und Steinen, zwischen Pflanzenwurzeln und in Erdspalten zu finden.

Als namensgebende Eigenschaft können die Bombardierkäfer ein Gasgemisch ausstoßen, das an der Luft hörbar explodiert. Dabei treten Temperaturen bis zu 100 °C auf.  Die auffallende Färbung von Brachinus sclopeta wird als Warnfärbung aufgefasst, die Räuber schneller erkennen lassen, dass die Beute ungenießbar ist. Dass verschiedene Räuber Brachinus sclopeta deutlich weniger häufig angreifen als alternative Beutetiere, ist in Versuchsreihen nachgewiesen.

Das Ausstoßen des explodierenden Gemischs dient jedoch nicht nur der Verteidigung, sondern spielt eine Rolle als Stimulans zur gegenseitigen Anlockung von Artgenossen. Brachinus sclopeta lebt gesellig und häufig mit anderen Käfern vergesellschaftet. Bei mehrjährigen Laborversuchen kombiniert mit Freilandbeobachtungen wurde nachgewiesen, dass der Grad der Vergesellschaftung innerhalb der Art im Verlauf des Jahres zyklisch schwankt. Im Herbst und Winter ist die innerartliche Gruppenbildung am intensivsten. Im Frühjahr nimmt die Tendenz der Gruppenbildung deutlich ab. Sie erreicht zwei Minima, erlischt aber nie völlig. Das erste Minimum liegt etwa einen Monat vor den Paarungen, danach wird die Tendenz der Gruppenbildung wieder größer. Es folgt ein zweites Minimum nach Abschluss der Paarungen. Die Paarungen finden von März bis Mai statt, bei Populationen aus Südfrankreich früher als bei weiter nördlich gelegenen Populationen. Die Eiablage findet etwa zwei Monate nach den ersten Paarungen statt. Die ersten Larven werden ab Ende Mai beobachtet. Im Labor lebte Brachinus sclopeta fünf Jahre lang. Die beiden Minima werden nicht durch verschiedenes Verhalten der Geschlechter bedingt, sondern die Tendenz zur Gruppenbildung verläuft in beiden Geschlechtern zeitlich parallel.

In Versuchsreihen wurde festgestellt, dass der Laufkäfer Anchomenus dorsalis von dem Zusammenleben mit Brachinus sclopeta profitiert. Anchomenus dorsalis ahmt nicht nur in Größe, Färbung und Oberflächenstruktur Brachinus sclopeta nach, sondern reibt sich an ihm beziehungsweise im Versuch an mit dessen Duftstoffen getränkten Spezialpapier. Von vier getesteten Räubern wird er deutlich weniger angegriffen als alternative Beute.

Soweit untersucht, leben die Larven von Arten der Gattung Brachinus ektoparasitisch auf den Puppen von Käferarten. Sie zeigen drei Larvenstadien, die sich alle von der gleichen Puppe ernähren. Die Entwicklungszyklen von Parasit und Wirt sind entsprechend aufeinander abgestimmt. Für Brachinus sclopeta käme der Laufkäfer Amara dorsalis in Frage.

Verbreitung
Die Art ist hauptsächlich im südlichen Europa und in Nordafrika verbreitet. Sie erreicht jedoch noch Großbritannien. Außerdem ist sie aus Nordpersien gemeldet.

Literatur

 Gustav Jäger (Hrsg.): C. G. Calwer's Käferbuch. 3. Auflage. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876.
 Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica, die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches. I. Band, K.G.Lutz' Verlag, Stuttgart 1908.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Laufkäfer
Carabidae

Brachinus sclopeta


Gällstads distrikt er et folkeregisterdistrikt i Ulricehamns kommun og Västra Götalands län.

Distriktet ligger sydøst for Ulricehamn.

Tidligere administrativt tilhørsforhold
Distriktet blev oprettet i 2016, og det består af Gällstad Sogn (Gällstads socken) i Ulricehamns kommune.

Området har den samme udstrækning som Gällstad Menighed (Gällstads församling) havde ved årsskiftet 1999/2000.

Folkebogføringsdistrikter i Västra Götalands län

Gällstads distrikt


Calum Jarvis (12 de maio de 1992) é um nadador britânico, campeão olímpico.

Carreira

Jarvis conquistou a medalha de ouro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio na prova de revezamento 4×200 m livre masculino, ao lado de Thomas Dean, James Guy, Matthew Richards e Duncan Scott, com a marca de 6:58.58.

Nadadores olímpicos do Reino Unido
Campeões olímpicos do Reino Unido
Nadadores nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas olímpicos da natação

Calum Jarvis


Die Holzkapelle Dürrenbach ist eine Kapelle in Dürrenbach bei Großholzleute, einem Teilort von Isny im Allgäu im Landkreis Ravensburg.

Beschreibung
Die Kapelle steht nördlich von Großholzleute im Tal der Unteren Argen auf einer Höhe von 730 m an der Kreisstraße 8020, die Großholzleute mit Rohrdorf verbindet. Sie ist eine der wenigen Holzkapellen im Landkreis und wurde um das Jahre 1800 errichtet. Das geostete, verschindelte Bohlenständerbauwerk befindet sich auf dem Grund des nächstliegenden Bauernhofes gegenüber der Straße am Fuße des Höhenzuges Adelegg. Es hat einen hölzernen Dachreiter mit einer Glocke und ein vorkragendes Satteldach.

Im Inneren der Kapelle befanden sich die holzgeschnitzten Figuren des Jesuskinds und der Apostel Petrus und Paulus. Sie wurden gestohlen. Der Eigentümer und Mesner der Kapelle fertigte im letzten Jahrhundert die Figuren wieder an. Der Schrein mit dem Prager Jesuskind fiel nicht dem Raub zum Opfer.

Literatur

Weblinks

Kulturdenkmal in Isny im Allgäu
Durrenbach
Kirchengebäude in Isny im Allgäu
Durrenbach
Durrenbach
Durrenbach
Durrenbach

Holzkapelle Dürrenbach


Prisdorf Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Pinneberg iline bağlı bölge. 5,23 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Mart 2010 itibarıyla 2.245 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Wilfried Hans tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Prisdorf

Kaynakça

Prisdorf


Akira Nozawa var en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Akira Nozawa


ريما صالحة مذيعة لبنانية. تعمل في قناة العربية مقدمة للنشرات الإخبارية، ومحاورة في برنامج صناعة الموت كذلك فقد عملت سابقا في قناة الجزيرة، وقبلها كانت تعمل في تلفزيون الكويت. وصفتها وسائل الإعلام الأمريكية بأنها أشجع مذيعة عربية  بسبب خوضها في موضوعات شائكة تتعلق بجماعات العنف المسلح ومناقشتها لأفكار المتطرفين والجماعات الإرهابية في برنامجها مما عرضها لتهديدات عديدة.

تنتمي ريما لعائلة بيروتية. تعرضت لتهديدات متعددة بسبب تقديمها لبرنامج صناعة الموت الذي يتعاطى مع موضوعات تتعلق "بالجهاد"، بينها في 2007 تهديد بالقتل نشر على موقع الجزيرة توك، وهو موقع تابع لقناة الجزيرة الفضائية القطرية، كما يديره صحفيون ومذيعون ومقدمو برامج ومراسلون يعملون في قناة الجزيرة، وأثارت تلك التهديدات موجة إعلامية من الاستنكار في الأوساط الصحفية والتلفزيونية.

حصلت ريما صالحة على لقب أفضل مذيعة ومقدمة برامج في العالم العربي لعام 2009 في استفتاء مجلة زهرة الخليج السنوي الذي شارك فيه 77 ناقدا وإعلاميا من مختلف أنحاء الوطن العربي وحصلت على 91% من الأصوات

أصدرت عام 2010 كتابا مع زميلها الصحفي المصري علي بريشة يحمل عنوان صناعة الموت تجربة حياة حول تجربتهما المشتركة في إنتاج برنامج صناعة الموت على قناة العربية على مدى أربع سنوات

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الأرشيف الإخباري لقناة العربية - برنامج صناعة الموت - العربية نت.
 تقرير إخباري لقناة فوكس الأمريكية عن التهديدات التي تتعرض لها ريما صالحة
 تقرير إخباري لجريدة نيويورك تايمز الأمريكية

صحفيو قناة العربية من لبنان
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
مذيعات لبنانيات

ريما صالحة


NGC 134 este o galaxie spirală situată în constelația Sculptorul, membră a grupului de galaxii NGC 134. A fost descoperită în 7 iulie 1826 de către James Dunlop. De asemenea, a fost observată încă o dată în 25 septembrie 1834 de către John Herschel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 133
 NGC 135

Legături externe

 NGC 134 pe spider.seds.org
 NGC 134 pe WikiSky
 NGC 134 pe SIMBAD

Galaxii spirale
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Sculptorul
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1826
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de James Dunlop

NGC 134