This is a list of people and fictional characters who had severe injuries, or died from accidents related to horses. Some of the listed accidents had important political and historical consequences, which are given when relevant.

Celebrities
Holbrook Blinn (1872–1928), Broadway stage star and silent screen actor, died from injuries in an accident on the grounds of his estate.
Cole Porter (1891–1964)  American composer and songwriter.  In a 1937 riding accident his legs were crushed leaving him in chronic pain, largely crippled. (According to a biography by William McBrien and oral history by Brendan Gill.)  His right leg was amputated in 1958 as a result of the injury.
Maureen Connolly (1934–1969), tennis star, career ended in 1954 by injuries suffered in a collision between her horse and a truck.
Malcolm Baldrige Jr. (1922–1987), American politician and United States Secretary of Commerce from 1981 until his death in 1987, from internal injuries sustained in a rodeo accident, when the horse he was riding fell on him during a calf-roping competition.
Roy Kinnear (1934–1988), British character actor, bled to death due to a broken pelvis sustained in a fall from a horse.
Christopher Reeve (1952–2004), actor, paralyzed on May 27, 1995 from the neck down following a fall from his horse while riding cross-country in a 3-day event.
Kazu Makino (b. 1969), a rock singer, suffered an accident falling from a horse in 2002; the horse trampled her jaw and crushed her facial bones, which required massive reconstructive surgery.

Historical figures
 According to this legend, romanticized by Alexander Pushkin in his celebrated ballad "The Song of the Wise Oleg", it was prophesied by the pagan priests that Oleg of Novgorod (?–912) would take death from his stallion. Proud of his own foretelling abilities, he sent the horse away. Many years later he asked where his horse was, and was told it had died. He asked to see the remains and was taken to the place where the bones lay. When he touched the horse's skull with his boot a snake slithered from the skull and bit him. Oleg died, thus fulfilling the prophecy.
 King Afonso I of Portugal (1109–1185), was severely injured in a fall from a horse in 1167 during a battle; he was captured and as ransom, Portugal had to surrender to Castile all conquests made in Galicia in the previous years; they were never recovered.
 Afonso, Prince of Portugal (1475–1491), died during a riding accident near the Tagus River.
 King Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286), when he and his horse went off the road in the dark, and fell over a cliff; the long term outcome was increased English influence and the First Scottish War of Independence and the immediate result was a regency because heirs were underage or unborn.
 Al-Aziz Uthman (d. 1198), sultan of Egypt.
 Brian Faulkner, former Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.
 Cambyses II, Persian king, died accidentally in 521 BC, according to Herodotus.
 Eadgils, semi-legendary king of Sweden, split his skull when his horse stumbled and fell.
 Emily Davison, English suffragette, threw herself in front of the King's horse at the Derby in 1913 and was trampled to death.
 Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy (c. 1182–1242), fell from his horse onto his sword and died.
 Francis II, Duke of Brittany (d. 9 September 1488), from a horse riding accident.
 Frederick Augustus II of Saxony (d. 1854), while on a journey in Brennbüchel, Karrösten, Tyrol, when he fell in front of a horse that stepped on his head.
 Frederick I Barbarossa (d. 1190), while crossing the Saleph River in Cilicia, south-eastern Anatolia. It is thought that he was thrown from his horse into the cold water and had a fatal heart attack or drowned as a result.
 Fulk of Jerusalem, fell from his horse while hunting in 1143. His wooden saddle fell after him, striking him on the head, causing fatal injuries.
 Genghis Khan (d. 1227), from injuries resulting from a fall from a horse.
 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Duke of Brittany and son of Henry II of England, d. 19 August 1186 trampled to death by his horse during a tournament; with his death, Plantagenet rule of Brittany was weakened (son Arthur and daughter Eleanor were underage and in future imprisoned by uncle John I of England) — finally decades later, the duchy is passed by Philip II of France to the House of Dreux, descendants of Geoffrey's widow's other marriage.
Geronimo (1829–1909), prominent leader of the Bedonkohe Apache who fought against Mexico and Texas for several decades during the Apache Wars. Geronimo was thrown from his horse while riding home and lay in the cold all night, contracting pneumonia, from which he died.
 Isabella of Aragon, wife of king Philip III of France — d. 1271 at 24 from a fall.
 John I of Castile (d. 9 October 1390), while riding in a fantasia with some of the light horsemen known as the farfanes
 John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut (d. 1236), after his horse fell on him and crushed him
 Leopold V of Austria (d. 31 December 1194), after falling from his horse at a tournament in Graz.
 Louis II of Hungary, died at the Battle of Mohács in 1526 after falling from his horse.
Louis III of France (879–882), king of West Francia, died from a skull fracture after falling from a horse while chasing a girl.
Louis IV of France (920–54), king of France, died after falling from his horse while hunting a wolf.
Louis V of France, king of France, died 987 after falling from a horse during a hunt.
 Maria Malibran, opera singer, died 1836 after falling from her horse during a hunt.
 Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert the Bruce and half-sister of David II of Scotland d. 2 March 1316 after a fall from a horse caused premature labour; her baby survived to become King Robert II of Scotland.
 Mary, Queen of Hungary, died childless but heavily pregnant on 17 May 1395 when her horse tripped, threw her and landed on top of her.
 Mary, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1482), from a horse riding accident; after her death, the Burgundy estates (of which she herself had lost Picardy and duchy of Burgundy) formed a part of Habsburg domains.
 Minamoto no Yoritomo (源 頼朝, May 9, 1147–February 9, 1199)
 Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Saladin, died on 9 August 1173 after falling from his horse.
 Nero Claudius Drusus (in 9 BC), general in Germania Inferior, brother of Emperor Tiberius and father of Emperor Claudius.
 Philip of France (1116–1131), heir of king Louis VI of France ? d. 1131, from a fall from a horse.
 Pope Urban VI (d. 1389), from injuries sustained after falling from a mule.
 Robert Peel, thrown from his horse while riding up Constitution Hill in London on 29 June 1850. The horse stumbled on top of him and he died three days later on 2 July at the age of 62 due to a clavicular fracture rupturing his subclavian vessels.
 Roderick, king of the Visigoths (d. 712), drowned after falling from his horse while attempting to escape through a river, following his defeat by the Moors who then conquered the rest of Hispania. Although his body was never found, his horse was recovered, with a boot tangled in one stirrup.
 Saborios, Byzantine general and rebel (d. 678), when his horse bolted, slamming his head on a city gate and killing him.
Seleucus II, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, died in December of 225 BC by falling from his horse.
Stefan Dragutin, Serbian king, in 1282 broke leg after falling from horse, became lame and so had to give the throne to Stefan Milutin; this later provoked a war between Milutin and Dragutin's son Vladislav.
 Theodoric Strabo, died in 481 after falling from his horse over a spear rack. His death allowed Theoderic to assume uncontested supreme command and unify the Ostrogoths into a force that conquered Italy after the Fall of the Roman Empire.
 Theodosius II, Roman emperor (d. 450)
 Theophylactus of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople, died 956.
 Walter de Merton, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1277)
 William the Conqueror died aged 60 at the Convent of St. Gervais, near Rouen, France, on 9 September 1087 from abdominal injuries received from his saddle pommel when he fell off a horse at the Siege of Mantes.
 William III of England (d. 1702), from injuries received after his horse tripped on a molehill.

Horse racing
 Charles W. Boland, Canadian jockey, thrown from his horse.
 Hughie Cairns, 40, Australian jockey who died on 27 July 1929 in a fall at Moonee Valley Racecourse.
 Philip Cheng, Hong Kong jockey, fell from horse and was trampled to death.
 Tom Clayton, Australian jockey, died 1909 from injuries sustained in a 12 horse fall at Rosehill Racecourse.
 Tom Corrigan, Australian steeplechase jockey, died 1894 after a fall at Caulfield Racecourse.
 Amado Credidio, 24, Panamanian jockey, died when his mount Spartan Monk clipped heels with another horse in a race at Aqueduct on March 29, 1982. He fell into the path of oncoming horses which could not avoid him.
 Earl Dew, 19, American jockey, 1940 national champion. Died from head injuries caused from a spill in the 6th race on 2 February 1941.  It was Earl Dew day at Agua Caliente Racetrack.
 George Ede, English jockey, died from injuries sustained in a fall during the 1870 Grand National.
 Avelino Gomez, Cuban-born jockey based in Canada, died from injuries sustained in a fall in the Canadian Oaks at Woodbine Racetrack in June 1980.
 Billy Haughton, Harness racing driver, died from injuries sustained in a crash at Yonkers Raceway.
 Frank Hayes, American jockey, died from a heart attack while riding his horse Sweet Kiss to victory at Belmont Park.
 Willy Kan, Hong Kong jockey, fell from horse and was trampled to death.
 Kieran Kelly, Irish jockey, died from injuries caused by a fall at Kilbeggan racecourse, 2003.
 Manny Mercer, died in 1959 after being kicked in the head after a fall at Ascot Racecourse.
 Donald Nicholson, killed in the 1885 Caulfield Cup fall, when 17 of the 44 runners fell.
 Ray Oliver,  killed in a fall at Kalgoorlie Western Australia.
 Jason Oliver, killed in a fall at Belmont when his horse broke a front leg.
 Álvaro Pineda, Mexican jockey, died in 1975 through a blow to the head in the starting gates; brother of Roberto Pineda.
 Roberto Pineda, Mexican jockey, died in 1978; brother of Alvaro Pineda.
 Michael Rowland, American jockey, died from head injuries after falling from his horse.
 Neville Sellwood, Australian Racing Hall of Fame jockey killed in 1962 at Maisons-Laffitte Racecourse, France.
 Brian Taylor, British jockey, died from injuries sustained after tumbling from his horse.
 Mike Venezia, American jockey, died after a race fall.
 Jack Westrope, American jockey, died in 1958.
 George Woolf, Canadian jockey, concussion after a fall during a race at Santa Anita Park believed to have been caused by hypoglycemia. (Woolf was a Type 1 diabetic.)
 Karl Umrigar, Indian jockey, died in 1979.
 Georges Parfrement, 1909 Grand National winner (on Lutteur III) and star French jockey, at Enghien race-track, in 1923.

Jousting and tournaments
 John Dunbar, Earl of Moray (d. 1390) a Scottish nobleman.
 Henry II of France (d. 1559), died from lance wound; his death was a factor in the end of jousting as a sport.

Others
 Álvares de Azevedo (1831–1852), Brazilian Romantic poet.
 Bryan Anderson (1969–2013), showjumper, Canadian Equestrian Team.
 Tanya Brady (1973–2022), rower, killed by being thrown from horse.
 Ellen Church (1904–1965), first female flight attendant.
 Paul Clarkin, died from a fall during a polo match, "playing a blinder".
 Gabriel Donoso (1960–2006), Chilean polo player, died from a fall during a polo match.
 Frederic Brooks Dugdale (1877–1902), English recipient of the Victoria Cross.
 Charles Fairfax
 Carlos Gracida, thrown and crushed by horse during a polo match in 2014.
 Edward Hempstead (1780–1817), American lawyer, thrown and died six days later.
 Kim Hyung-chil, died in December 2006 while competing in the cross-country part of the three-day event in the 2006 Asian Games.
 Erica Marshall, in 2012, Dr. Marshall died in an explosion of a hyperbaric oxygen chamber when the horse that was being treated caused a spark with his metal horseshoe.
 Billy Pearson (1920–2002), American jockey.
 Kenneth Pinyan, died in July 2005 after engaging in anal sex with a horse.

Fictional characters
 Julio Bautista, a poor farm worker in Stephen King's The Dark Tower. Died when trying to lead his horse to water.
 John Andrew Last is fatally kicked by a horse; his death precipitates his parents' attempted divorce in Evelyn Waugh's satirical novel A Handful of Dust.
 Bentley Drummle is mentioned as having died in a horse-related accident in Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens
 Bonnie Blue Butler, daughter of Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler in Gone with the Wind. She died from a fall off her pony after jumping a small crossrail.
 Gerald O'Hara, father of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind. He died when he fell off his horse over a jump.
 King Théoden of Rohan, in The Lord of the Rings. Crushed when his horse Snowmane fell on him after being pierced by a dart from the Lord of the Nazgûl during the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Died of wounds shortly after.
 Drew Kirk was killed after being thrown from a horse in Neighbours.
 Bryan Patrick, son of Barry, dies several days after a horse riding accident in Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon.
 George Gordon, only son of Squire Gordon, in Black Beauty. His neck was broken in a fall during a hunt.
 Archibald Whitman, father of Dick Whitman (later Don Draper) in Mad Men, died when kicked in the face by a horse.
 Robert Jordan is incapacitated after his horse crushes his leg by falling on it in For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway.
 Michelle Tanner, from the TV series Full House. In the series finale episodes, "Michelle Rides Again (Parts 1 & 2)" she is thrown off a horse, hitting her head and being knocked unconscious. She subsequently develops amnesia, and while is able to recover successfully, is permanently left of no memory of the accident.

References

Horse accidents
horse

List of horse accidents


Grupul KraussMaffei, este un producător de mașini de turnare prin injecție, mașini pentru tehnologia de extrudare a materialelor plastice și mașini de procesare a reacțiilor. A fost achiziționată de ChemChina, o întreprindere chineză de stat, în 2016.

Istorie
Krauss-Maffei a fost constituită în 1931 dintr-o fuziune a celor două firme din Maffei (fondată în 1838) și Krauss & Co. (fondată în 1860). Ambele au aparținut conducătorilor germani de locomotive de diferite tipuri. Maffei a construit, de asemenea, alte vehicule cu aburi și, mai târziu, vehicule echipate cu motoare cu ardere internă, inclusiv locomotive, troleibuze și autobuze până în anii 1950.

În anii 1960, Krauss-Maffei a construit câteva exemple de locomotivă diesel-hidraulică ML 4000 C'C pentru demonstrații și teste pe căile ferate americane. Pacific Railroad și Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad au participat la teste, dar amândouă au găsit locomotivele nepotrivite pentru a fi servite în Munții Stâncoși accidentați prin care au trecut cele două căi ferate. 1963 compania a început producția de rezervor Leopard, producția Leopard 2 din 1973. În anii șaptezeci, ei au fost implicați în dezvoltarea trenului de levitație magnetică Transrapid. În 1999, compania a fuzionat cu Mannesmann DEMAG.

Componenta de apărare și locomotivă a Krauss-Maffei a fost ulterior decuplată și fuzionată cu Wegmann și a devenit societatea actuală Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW), care este independentă de grupul KraussMaffei.

În noiembrie 2018, Krauss-Maffei a fost victima unui atac de răscumpărare, ceea ce a condus la o retragere severă a producției.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Official Krauss-Maffei Group website

ChemChina
Companii de producție defuncte ale Germaniei
1999 în Europa

Krauss-Maffei


Gizli Dosyalar (The X-Files), Chris Carter tarafından yaratılmış bir Amerikan bilimkurgu dizisi. Orijinal bölümler 10 Eylül 1993 - 19 Mayıs 2002 yılları arasında yayımlanmıştır. Ardından, 24 Ocak 2016 tarihinde 6 bölümden oluşan kısa bir 10. sezon yayınlanmıştır. Yeni sezonun başarılı olmasıyla Nisan 2017'de televizyon ekranlarına geri dönmüştür. Televizyon dizilerinin yanı sıra, iki tane de sinema filmi bulunmaktadır. 1998 yapımı film, dizinin 5 ile 6. sezonlarının arasındaki olayları anlatmaktadır. 2008'deki film ise ana diziden sonra gerçekleşen olayları anlatmaktadır.

Dizi, Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) ve Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) isimli iki FBI ajanının maceralarını konu almaktadır. Dizide, Ajan Fox Mulder ve Dana Scully FBI'ın X-Files (Gizli Dosyalar) departmanına atanmış iki ajandır, bu departman çözülemeyen, tuhaf ve paranormal olaylarla ilişkisi bulunan dosyalardan sorumludur. Ajan Fox Mulder, paranormal olaylara ve uzaylı komplosuna "inanan" bir bakış açısı ile yaklaşırken, Ajan Dana Scully ise hem bir bilim insanı hem de bir doktor olduğundan dolayı olaylara bilimi rehber alan kuşkucu bir tavırla yaklaşmaktadır. Mulder ve Scully, dizi ilerledikçe, devletin uzaylı yaşamının varlığını saklı tutmaya çalıştığını öğrenirler. Bu iki ajanın ilişkisi dizinin başlarında platonik olarak ilerlerken dizinin sonlarında doğru romantik bir ilişkiye dönüşmüştür.

Dizinin bölümleri
Dizideki bölümleri iki çeşittir: ilki, mitoloji bölümü adıyla nitelendirilen uzaylı komplosunu ele alan ve devamlı bir hikâye örgüsüne sahip olan bölümler, ikincisi her biri kendi içinde bağımsız bir hikâye örgüsü olan, paranormal dosyaları konu edinen stand-alone ya da "monster of the week" adıyla anılan bölümlerdir.

Dizinin, 1998 yılında 5. sezonun sonunda, The X Files - Fight The Future adında bir de sinema filmi çekilmiştir. Dizinin 9. sezonunda David Duchovny diziden ayrılmış ve başrol oyuncuları Gillian Anderson, Robert Patrick (John Doggett) olmuştur. Diziye 8. sezonun son bölümlerinde katılan  Annabeth Gish (Monica Reyes), dizinin 9. sezonunda Gillian Anderson ve Robert Patrick ile başrolü paylaşmıştır.

Dizinin Türkiye'de önce ilk 6 sezonu TGRT'de sonra, ilk sezondan itibaren bütün bölümleri CNBC-E'de yayınlanmış; 22 Nisan 2007 tarihinde dizinin final bölümü (The Truth) gösterilmiş ve dizi Türkiye'de de sonlanmıştır. 10 Aralık 2007 tarihinde dizinin The X-Files: İnanmak İstiyorum ( The X-Files: I Want to Believe ) adlı, 2. filminin çekimlerine başlanmıştır. Başrolleri yine David Duchovny ( Fox Mulder ) ve Gillian Anderson ( Dana Scully )'nin üstlendiği filmde, Amanda Peet Ajan Dakota Whitney, Xzibit Ajan Mosley Drummy ve Bill Connolly Peder Joseph Crissman (Peder Joe) karakterlerini canlandırmıştır. Filmde, dizide de rol alan Mitch Pileggi yine Walter Skinner rolünü üstlenmiştir.  25 Temmuz 2008 tarihinde dünyanın birçok ülkesinde vizyona giren film, 12 Eylül 2008 tarihinde Türkiye'de de vizyona girmiştir. Dizi 2016 yılında tekrar ekranlara dönmüştür. Şu anda dizinin 11. sezonu yayınlanmaktadır.

Karakterler

Ana Karakterler

Yardımcı Karakterler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 The X-Files Wiki
 The X-Files Türkiye

1993'te başlayan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri televizyon dizileri
2002'de sona eren Amerika Birleşik Devletleri televizyon dizileri
1990'larda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri televizyon dizileri
2000'lerde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri televizyon dizileri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bilimkurgu dizileri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri dramatik televizyon dizileri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri polisiye televizyon dizileri
Vancouver'da çekilen televizyon dizileri
Fox Television Studios dizileri
Peabody Ödülü sahipleri
Washington, DC'de geçen televizyon dizileri
En İyi Drama Dizisi Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri

Gizli Dosyalar


Die Sportjugend Nordrhein-Westfalen ist die Jugendorganisation des Landessportbundes Nordrhein-Westfalen e.V. (LSB NRW). Sie hat die Anerkennung als Träger der freien Jugendhilfe nach dem Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz (KJHG) und versteht sich als Lobbyist für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen in Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Die Sportjugend NRW ist Mitglied in der Deutschen Sportjugend (dsj) und im Landesjugendring Nordrhein-Westfalen. Sie vertritt rund 2,1 Millionen Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Menschen im Alter bis 27 Jahre in den ca. 18.500 Sportvereinen Nordrhein-Westfalens.

Geschichte
Um eine überverbandliche Jugendarbeit im nordrhein-westfälischen Sport zu organisieren, wurde auf der Gründungsversammlung des Landessportbundes Nordrhein-Westfalen e.V. am 6. Mai 1947 in Hagen von den Delegierten aus den Fachverbänden und Stadt- und Kreissportbünden auch die Bildung eines Jugendausschusses beschlossen. Für die Leitung dieses ehrenamtlichen Gremiums wurde die Position eines Landesjugendwartes eingerichtet und mit dem damaligen Vorsitzenden des Westfälischen Turnerbundes und Schulrektor aus Hamm, Julius Überhoff, besetzt. Dies gilt als Geburtsstunde der Sportjugend NRW.

Ein Jahr später wurde ein Jugendsekretariat geschaffen und ein hauptamtlich tätiger Jugendsekretär eingestellt. Zunächst provisorisch in Büros in Hamm und Arnsberg untergebracht, siedelte das Jugendsekretariat mit dem Umzug der Geschäftsstelle des Landessportbundes NRW im Jahre 1965 ebenfalls nach Duisburg in das "Haus des Sports" um.

Lehrgänge zur Qualifizierung von Jugend- und Übungsleitern (Lehrarbeit), Maßnahmen zur allgemeinen Jugendbildung und Jugenderholung sowie der Aufbau und die Pflege internationaler Jugendbegegnungen stellten in der Frühphase der Sportjugend NRW die wesentlichen Tätigkeitsschwerpunkte dar. So entstand in den 1950er Jahren die Praxis der Zeltlager der Sportjugend NRW, aus dem später auch das Jugendferiendorf Hinsbeck hervorging. 1955 wurde im sauerländischen Hachen auf dem Gelände der drei Jahre zuvor in Betrieb genommenen Sportschule des LSB NRW (heute: Sport- und Tagungszentrum Hachen) eine Jugendbildungsstätte errichtet.

Ihren ersten internationalen Jugendaustausch organisierte die Sportjugend NRW 1952 mit den Niederlanden. Es folgten Begegnungen mit Jugendlichen aus Großbritannien (1955), Japan (1959), Frankreich, Israel (1962) und Tunesien (1966) sowie ab Mitte der 1960er Jahre auch Fahrten in osteuropäische Länder. Ende der 1970er Jahre kam der Austausch mit Polen hinzu. Ihr erstes Olympialager organisierte die Sportjugend NRW zu den Olympischen Sommerspielen 1960 in Rom.

Als Konsequenz aus dem Jugendwohlfahrtsgesetz wurde 1968 erstmals dem Prinzip der "Eigenständigkeit der Sportjugend" in einer neuen Jugendordnung offiziell Rechnung getragen. Es ist bis heute Bedingung dafür, dass der Sportjugend Gelder für die freie Jugendhilfe zufließen können und räumt ihr innerhalb der entsprechenden vereinsrechtlichen Vorgaben gegenüber ihrem Erwachsenenverband LSB NRW eine Mitbestimmung bei der Verwaltung und Haushaltsführung ihrer Mittel ein.

Mit Beginn der 1970er Jahre differenzierten sich die Aufgabengebiete der Sportjugend NRW durch Programme, Projekte und Maßnahmen auf dem Gebiet der Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik, der Integration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund, der Förderung von Mädchen und jungen Frauen sowie der politischen und kulturellen Bildung der Heranwachsenden nochmals weiter aus. Abgelöst wurde in dieser Zeit auch die Bezeichnung "Landesjugendwart/in" für die höchste ehrenamtliche Position in der Sportjugend NRW. Sie lautet seitdem "Vorsitzende/r der Sportjugend NRW."

Organisationsstruktur
Laut ihrer aktuellen Jugendordnung v. 28. Januar 2012 wird die Sportjugend NRW gebildet durch die Jugendorganisationen der Mitglieder des Landessportbundes NRW e. V. Als Jugendorganisation des Landessportbundes NRW ist die Sportjugend NRW vereinsrechtlich dessen Untergliederung und unterliegt seiner Satzung. Im Rahmen dieser Satzung führt und verwaltet sie sich selbständig. Sie ist für die Planung und Verwendung der ihr zufließenden Mittel zuständig, dabei aber steuerrechtlich unselbständig.

Organe der Sportjugend NRW sind der Jugendtag, der Jugendvorstand und die Geschäftsführung. Der Jugendtag ist das höchste Gremium der Sportjugend NRW. Er setzt sich aus den Delegierten der Mitglieder des Landessportbundes NRW, den drei gewählten Sprechern der Freiwilligendienste sowie den Mitgliedern des Jugendausschusses zusammen.

Der ehrenamtliche Jugendvorstand wird für eine Legislaturperiode von vier Jahren gewählt. Er besteht aus dem/der Vorsitzenden der Sportjugend NRW und acht weiteren Mitgliedern. Für die Legislaturperiode von 2019 bis 2023 gehören ihm aktuell an:

Als Plattform zum Meinungs- und Erfahrungsaustausch hat die Sportjugend NRW außerdem Jugendkonferenzen der Verbände und der Stadt- und Kreissportbünde eingerichtet. Sie bestehen aus den Vorsitzenden der Jugendorganisationen der Mitglieder des Landessportbundes NRW und wählen jeweils Sprecher, die Antragsrecht im Jugendvorstand besitzen.

Aktivitäten und Handlungsfelder
Ziel aller Aktivitäten der Sportjugend NRW ist die Förderung der sportlichen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Dabei engagiert sie sich in zwei übergeordneten Handlungsbereichen:

 der Kinder- und Jugendverbandsarbeit
 der Kinder- und Jugendsportentwicklung

Die beiden Handlungsbereiche gliedern sich wiederum in folgende Handlungsfelder auf, in die sich auch die Tätigkeit der Sportjugend NRW auf solchen Gebieten wie dem der Integration, der Nachwuchsförderung oder der Freiwilligendienste im Sport (Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr, Bundesfreiwilligendienst) einfügt:

 Kinder- und Jugendpolitik
 Kinder- und Jugendbildung
 Partizipation und ehrenamtliches Engagement
 Mitgliederentwicklung (Verbände, Bünde und Vereine)
 Zusammenarbeit mit Vereinen – mit Betreuungs- und Bildungseinrichtungen
 Internationale Zusammenarbeit

Die Sportjugend NRW ist zudem für die Weiterentwicklung des Programms NRW bewegt seine KINDER! zuständig. Dabei handelt es sich um eines von vier langfristig angelegten Programmen, die der Landessportbundes NRW 2011 ins Leben gerufen hat. Unter NRW bewegt seine KINDER! sollen ein Großteil der Aktivitäten der Sportjugend NRW zusammengefasst werden. Vorrangiges Ziel des Programms ist es, die Bewegungsmöglichkeiten und -angebote für Kinder und Jugendliche auszubauen, wobei die enge Verknüpfung zwischen Ganztagsschulen und der Jugendarbeit von Sportvereinen einen besonderen Schwerpunkt bildet.

Mitgliedsorganisationen
Von den 71 Dach- und Fachverbänden, die im Landessportbund NRW Mitglied sind, haben zurzeit 69 eine Sportjugend. Von den 54 Stadt- und Kreissportbünden, die im Landessportbund NRW Mitglied sind, haben alle eine Sportjugend.

Sportjugenden der Dach- und Fachverbände

Sportjugenden in den Stadt- und Kreissportbünden

Literatur
 Hauk, Gerhard: Kulturelle Jugendarbeit in den Sportverbänden. Die Zeltlager der nordrhein-westfälischen Sportjugend, in: Deutscher Sportbund (Hrsg.): Die Gründerjahre des Deutschen Sportbundes. Wege aus der Not zur Einheit, Frankfurt a. M. 1990, S. 313–316, ISBN 3-7780-3930-X
 Hauk, Gerhard: Im Sport ist mehr drin. Die Geschichte der Sportjugend Nordrhein-Westfalen 1945–1990, Essen 1992, ISBN 3-88474-167-5
 Landessportbund Nordrhein-Westfalen (Hrsg.): Sport in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Duisburg 1997, ISBN 3-932047-04-4
 Wir im Sport. Das Magazin des Landessportbundes Nordrhein-Westfalen,
 Jugendordnung der Sportjugend NRW, beschlossen vom Jugendtag am 24. November 2012, bestätigt von der Mitgliederversammlung des LSB NRW am 28. Januar 2012

Weblinks
 http://www.sportjugend.nrw

Einzelnachweise

Jugendverband (Deutschland)

Sportverband (Duisburg)
Jugend und Sport
Gegründet 1947
Haus des Sports (Duisburg)

Sportjugend Nordrhein-Westfalen


Protopresbítero é o mais alto título de presbítero do clero branco (clero casado) em algumas Igrejas ortodoxas, em outras é análogo a arcipreste. É equivalente a dignidade monástica de higúmeno.

É um prêmio geralmente concedido a sacerdotes experientes, que por muito tempo foram responsáveis por seu serviço sacerdotal em benefício dos fiéis. Não é um grau separado de sacerdócio, mas o status mais alto de um sacerdote no clero branco, assim como arquimandrita é o estatuto mais alto de um presbítero no clero negro (monásticos). Os Protopresbíteros têm direito ao uso de , além do , do felônio e do cinto.

Existe outro título honorário, o protopresbítero estauróforo, ou seja, o protopresbítero com direito a usar cruz peitoral. Na tradição russa, também existe uma dignidade especial de protopresbítero, o mitróforo, ou seja, protopresbítero com direito a usar uma mitra.

Igreja Ortodoxa
Títulos eclesiásticos

Protopresbítero


Dio je bio američki heavy metal sastav, osnovan 1982. godine, kojeg je osnovao pjevač Ronnie James Dio, nakon što je napustio Black Sabbath u namjeri da osnuje novi sastav s kolegom bubnjarom iz Black Sabbatha, Vinnyjen Appiceom. Ime Dio izabrano kako bi buduće obožavatelje privukli sastavu, je jer samo ime Ronnieja James Dia bilo poznato.

Sastav je objavio deset studijskih albuma te je kroz godine izmijenio velik broj članova, od kojih je Dio jedini bio stalan član. Gitaristi sastava bili su Craig Goldy, Doug Aldrich, Vivian Campbell, Warren DeMartini, Tracy G, Jake E. Lee i Rowan Robertson.

Sastav se raspao nakon što je 2010. godine Ronnie James Dio iste godine preminuo od raka želudca. Sastav je ukupno prodao više od 10 milijuna kopija albuma diljem svijeta.

Članovi
Konačna postava
Ronnie James Dio – vokali, klavijature (1982. – 1991., 1993. – 2010.; preminuo)
Craig Goldy – gitara, klavijature (1986. – 1989., 1999. – 2001., 2004. – 2005., 2006. – 2010.)
Rudy Sarzo – bas-gitara (2005. – 2010.)
Simon Wright – bubnjevi, udaraljke (1989. – 1991., 1998. – 2010.)
Scott Warren – klavijature (1993. – 2010.)

Naredni sastavi
Dvije skupine sastavljene od bivših članova Dia, DIO Disciples i Last in Line, ujedinili su se samostalno kako bi svirali Dio pjesme uživo.

Dio Disciples

Sadašnja postava
Craig Goldy – gitara (2011.–danas)
Simon Wright – bubnjevi (2011.–danas)
Scott Warren – klavijature (2011.–danas)
Bjorn Englen – bas-gitara (2012.–danas)
Oni Logan – vokali (2012.–danas)
Mark Boals - vokali (2013.–danas)
Tim "Ripper" Owens – vokali (2011. – 2014., 2016.-danas)

Bivši članovi
Rudy Sarzo – bas-gitara (2011.)
Toby Jepson – vokali (2011. – 2012.)
James LoMenzo – bas-gitara (2011. – 2012.)

Članovi na turnejama
Doro Pesch - vokali (2011.)
Vinny Appice - bubnjevi (2013., 2014.)
Rowan Robertson - gitara (2013.)
Gonzo Sandoval - bubnjevi (2014.)

Last In Line

Sadašnja postava
Vinny Appice - bubnjevi (2012.–danas)
Vivian Campbell - gitara (2012.–danas)
Andrew Freeman - glavni vokali (2012.-danas)
Phil Soussan - bas-gitara (2016.-danas)

Bivši članovi
Jimmy Bain - bas-gitara (2012. – 2016.; preminuo)
Claude Schnell - klavijature (2012. – 2015.)
Erik Norlander - klavijature (2016. – 2018.)

Diskografija
Studijski albumi
 Holy Diver (1983.)
 The Last in Line (1984.)
 Sacred Heart (1985.)
 Dream Evil (1987.)
 Lock Up the Wolves (1990.)
 Strange Highways (1993.)
 Angry Machines (1996.)
 Magica (2000.)
 Killing the Dragon (2002.)
 Master of the Moon (2004.)
Albumi uživo
 Intermission (1986.)
 Inferno: Last in Live (1998.)
 Evil or Divine – Live in New York City (2003.)
 Holy Diver – Live (2006.)
 At Donington UK: Live 1983 & 1987 (2010.)
 Finding The Sacred Heart: Live In Philly 1986 (2013.)
 Live in London, Hammersmith Apollo 1993 (2014.)
 Chasing Rainbows - Live At The Coliseum Washington 1984 (2014.)
Videografija
 Live in Concert (VHS, LaserDisc, 1984.)
 A Special from the Spectrum (VHS, LaserDisc, 1984.)
 Sacred Heart "The Video" (VHS, 1986., DVD, 2004.)
 Time Machine (VHS, 1990.)
 Evil or Divine: Live in New York City (DVD, 2003.)
 We Rock (DVD) (DVD, 2005.)
 Holy Diver: Live (DVD, 2006.)
 Finding The Sacred Heart: Live In Philly 1986 (DVD, Blu-ray, 2013.)
 Live in London: Hammersmith Apollo 1993 (DVD, Blu-ray, 2014.)

Izvori

Američki sastavi heavy metala

Dio (sastav)


Chefna je rijeka u pokrajini Liège u Belgiji, desna pritoka  Amblève. Izvire u Ville-au-boisu, a duga je 5 km kroz.

Oko 1802. godine nekoliko farmera počelo je tražiti zlato u rijeci, a na desnoj obali nalaze se jame primitivnog rudnika zlata, iako su uglavnom zarasle. Rijeka je imala nizak prinos od oko 0,4 grama zlata po toni kamena, iako mještani još uvijek pričaju o čovjeku koji je krajem 19. stoljeća "skoro postao milijunaš".

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Rijeke u Belgiji
Pritoke Amblève

Chefna


Mohammed Waheed Hassan (, * 3. Januar 1953 in Malé) ist als Mitglied der politischen Partei Gaumee Itthihaad ein maledivischer Politiker und war von 7. Februar 2012 bis 17. November 2013 Präsident der Malediven.

Leben
Hassan studierte an der American University of Beirut (AUB) und an der Stanford University International Affairs and Business. Er war als Stellvertretender Direktor der Organisation UN Development Group Office (UNDGO) am United Nations Hauptquartier in New York, bevor er 2005 auf die Malediven zurückkehrte. Von 2008 bis 2011 war Hassan Vizepräsident unter Mohamed Nasheed. Vom 7. Februar 2012 bis 17. November 2013 war Hassan als Nachfolger von Nasheed Präsident der Malediven.

Zum Ende seiner Amtszeit wurde der erste Wahlgang der Präsidentschaftswahl 2013 vom Obersten Gericht für ungültig erklärt und die Stichwahl als zweiter Wahlgang von der Polizei verhindert. Der oppositionelle Kandidat Mohamed Nasheed forderte daraufhin seinen Rücktritt. Am 7. September 2013 erfolgten Neuwahlen, die der Herausforderer Abdulla Yameen gewann.

Familie
Er ist mit Ilham Hussain verheiratet.

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webseite von Mohammed Waheed Hassan

Einzelnachweise

Staatspräsident (Malediven)
Malediver
Geboren 1953
Mann

Mohammed Waheed Hassan


Stara Syniava (, ) est une commune urbaine de l'oblast de Khmelnytskyï, en Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021.

Présentation

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Khmelnytskyï

Stara Syniava


Impuesto de consumos es la denominación de un impuesto indirecto establecido en la España del , vigente entre 1845 (la Reforma tributaria de Mon-Santillán) y comienzos del  (la ley de supresión de 12 de junio de 1911, que estableció un periodo transitorio hasta 1920); con un periodo intermedio de suspensión durante la revolución de 1868. También fue objeto de suspensiones locales. Sus diversas formas de gestión, y su propia naturaleza, provocaron un alto grado de descoordinación e ineficiencia. Su peso dentro de la hacienda española era discreto (el 12% de los ingresos ordinarios en 1874).

Fue ampliamente criticado por gravar los bienes de primera necesidad (de comer, beber y arder): alimentos, bebidas alcohólicas, combustibles y sal. Protagonizó el debate político, económico y social entre las distintas ramas del liberalismo español. Las protestas contra él recibieron el nombre de motines de consumos.

Fueron abolidos en 1868 por el gobierno del General Serrano  por tratarse una de las más antiguas reivindicaciones de las clases populares  —el propio José Canalejas los consideraba «una expoliación del proletariado»—. Pero para conseguir la aprobación de la ley que los sustituía por un impuesto progresivo sobre las rentas urbanas, que tendrían que pagar las clases acomodadas, Canalejas tuvo que emplearse a fondo con los diputados de su propio partido que se oponían al proyecto, amenazándoles con que «quien no vote [esta ley] está frente a mí y está fuera del partido liberal, sometido a mi jefatura por su voluntad». A pesar de todo treinta diputados votaron en contra.

Referencias

Antiguos impuestos de España del siglo XX
Antiguos impuestos de España del siglo XIX
Restauración borbónica en España
Sexenio democrático

Impuesto de consumos


Edward Miguel Paredes (nacido el 30 de septiembre de 1986 en Villa Riva) es un lanzador dominicano de ligas menores que pertenece a la organización de los Marineros de Seattle.

Carrera
Comenzó su carrera profesional en 2005 con la Liga Dominicana de Verano, terminando con récord de 3-0 con una efectividad de 2.02 y un salvamento en 12 partidos.

En 2006 Paredes jugó para los DSL Marines, siendo la segunda temporada consecutiva en hacerlo. Terminó con récord de 3-3 con 14 salvamentos y una efectividad de 2.63 en 24 partidos. Participó en la Arizona Fall League al final de la temporada.

Paredes dividió la temporada 2007 entre Everett AquaSox y en Triple-A  con los Tacoma Rainiers. Empezó la temporada el 14 de junio con los Rainiers e hizo una sola apertura, sin permitir ni hit ni carreras. Al día siguiente fue trasferido a AquaSox donde lideró la Northwest League en victorias con siete y entradas lanzadas con 85 entradas y dos tercios de trabajo. Fue seleccionado para el equipo All-Star de Post-Temporada Equipo de la Northwest League. Paredes fue seleccionado Lanzador Más Valioso de Everett por los Marineros de Seattle. Volvió a participar en la Arizona Fall League.

Comenzó la temporada de 2008 en Clase-A con los Wisconsin Timber Rattlers donde tuvo récord de 7-11 con una efectividad de 4.63 en 25 juegos, 24 aperturas. Tuvo 91 ponches en 116 entradas y dos tercios lanzadas. Fue promovido a Doble-A con los West Tenn Diamond Jaxx el 22 de agosto. Tuvo récord de 1-1 con los Diamond Jaxx en dos partidos, ambos como abridor.

Paredes dividió la temporada 2009 en Clase-A avanzada con los High Desert Mavericks y en Doble-A con los Diamond Jaxx. Terminó con un total de 8-4 con una efectividad de 4.99 y 66 ponches en 45 partidos, tres aperturas. Lo colocaron en el roster de 40 jugadores de los Marineros el 20 de noviembre.

Fue designado para asignación por Seattle en el 29 de junio de 2011.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
MLB
ESPN
Baseball-Reference
Fangraphs
The Baseball Cube

Beisbolistas de República Dominicana
Lanzadores de República Dominicana
Beisbolistas de las Águilas Cibaeñas
Nacidos en la provincia Duarte

Edward Paredes


Frank Fletcher may refer to:
Frank Friday Fletcher (1855–1928), U.S. Navy admiral, namesake of the USS Fletcher (DD-445)
Frank Jack Fletcher (1885–1973), U.S. Navy admiral, namesake of the USS Fletcher (DD-992)
Frank Fletcher (baseball) (1891–1974), Philadelphia Phillies player
Frank D. Fletcher, Chief Officer of the SY Aurora during the Australasian Antarctic Expedition
Frank Morley Fletcher (1866–1950), British painter and printmaker
Frank Fletcher (footballer) (1874–1936), English footballer

See also
Frank Fletcher Hamilton (1921–2008), Canadian politician
Francis Fletcher (1814–1871), pioneer of the U.S. state of Oregon
Francis Fletcher (priest) (c. 1555–c. 1619), Church of England priest who accompanied Sir Francis Drake on his circumnavigation of the world

Frank Fletcher


Den danske Bibliometriske Forskningsindikator (Danish Bibliometric Research Indicator, forkortet BFI) er en bibliometrisk metode til at måle den danske produktion af forskningspublikationer. Indikatoren blev skabt i 2009 som følge af et politisk forlig om fordelingen af økonomiske midler mellem danske universiteter. Databasen blev således udviklet med henblik på at kunne sammenligne forskningsproduktionen for hvert universitet.

BFI består af tre niveauer, som diverse kanaler tildeles. Med kanaler menes der både videnskabelige tidsskrifter, bogserier, som forskere kan få udgivet publikationer i, samt forlag. En publikation optjener således de point, som kanalen, den er udgivet i, har. Pointene opgøres på institutionsniveau for at beregne fordelingen af de offentlige midler. Det er et kriterium for en kanal, at den er fagfællebedømt, dvs. at anonyme forskere inden for et givent videnskabeligt område bedømmer, retter og potentielt afviser en publikation, hvis ikke den lever op til en række videnskabelige idealer og overholder god forskningsetik. Internationale videnskabelige tidsskrifter og serier niveauinddeles på BFI-niveau 1 (normalt), 2 (højt) og et valgfrit BFI-niveau 3 (excellent). Forlag niveauinddeles på BFI-niveau 1 (normalt) og 2 (højt niveau).

Indtil 2022 havde knap 430 forskere til opgave løbende at vurdere tidsskrifternes, bogseriernes og forlagenes niveauer. Et politisk forlig bestemte imidlertid at simplificere processen ved at fastholde opgørelsen af universiteternes performance hvad angår publikationer i BFI-kanaler fra perioden 2019-2021.

Den nordiske liste
En lignende norsk liste, , med videnskabelige niveauer af udgivelseskanaler, er offentliggjort af  (NSD).

Siden 2015 har de nordiske lande samarbejdet om at udvikle et fælles register over autoriserede forskningspublikationskanaler med bibliografiske data om tidsskrifter, serier og forlag. NSD - Norsk Center for Forskningsdata, har koordineret den tekniske udvikling. Den nordiske liste består af et bibliografisk datasæt på de publikationskanaler, der er anført i hver lands nationale database. De nationale lister er teknisk forbundet, hvilket giver alle landene en fælles kilde til information, der er ønskelig ud fra ressourceeffektivitet og som et værktøj for landene uden en liste. Listen giver mere information ved at opdatere de bibliografiske data i de nationale databaser og letter en oversigt over forskningsresultater i de nordiske lande.

Videnskabelige tidsskrifter på excellent dansk BFI-niveau
Følgende tidsskrifter har modtaget det højeste niveau (3) af den danske bibliometriske forskningsindikator:

∑ 23 items.

Referencer
 Den Bibliometriske Forskningsindikator  Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet

 Wikidata har en egenskab,  til Danish Bibliometric Research Indicator level (BFI-niveau)

Biblioteks- og informationsvidenskab
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet

Den Bibliometriske Forskningsindikator


Die singapurische Unihockeynationalmannschaft repräsentiert Singapur bei Länderspielen und internationalen Turnieren in der Sportart Unihockey (auch bekannt als Floorball).

1995 wurde der nationale Floorballverband, die Singapore Floorball Association gegründet und in die International Floorball Federation aufgenommen. 1996 folgte die Teilnahme an der ersten Weltmeisterschaft mit Platz 12.

Platzierungen

Weltmeisterschaften

Asien-Pazifikmeisterschaften

AOFC Cup

Siehe auch
 Singapurische Unihockeynationalmannschaft der Frauen

Weblinks

 Team-Profil auf floorball.org

Singapur
Unihockey
Nationalmannschaft


Lutz Ackermann (født 29. april 1945 in Brake) er en tysk journalist og radio- og tv-vært. Han er blandt andet kendt for tv-programmet Das große Wunschkonzert (Den store ønskekoncert), hvor han var vært fra 1998 til 2021.

Biografi
Ackermann studerede germanistik, anglistik og kunsthistorie i Hamburg og Kiel. Fra 1969 til 2021 arbejdede hos NDR som reporter, redaktør og vært. I 1985 var han vært på den tyske tv-udgave af de verdensomspændende Live Aid-koncerter. I 1988-1989 præsenterede han showet Euro-Paare, der blev sendt lørdag aften af ARD.

Fra 1998 til 2021 var han vært på tv-udsendelsen Das große Wunschkonzert (Den store ønskekoncert) på NDR, hvor der med udgangspunkt i skiftende steder i Nordtyskland besøgtes seværdigheder, interviewedes kunstnere og vistes musikvideoer med dem. Udsendelsen blev ofte genudsendt af NDR's søsterkanaler MDR, HR, RBB og WDR.

Fra 1989 til 1993 var Ackermann musikchef på radiokanalen NDR 2 og fra 1989 til 2009 ledede han musik- og underholdningsafdelingen hos NDR 1 Niedersachsen. På NDR 2 var han vært på udsendelserne Der Club, NDR 2 am Vormittag, Plattenkist, Meckerecke og Espresso. Hans musikudsendelse Sweet, soft and lazy blev først sendt på NDR 2, derefter på NDR 1 Niedersachsen og slutteligt fra marts 2012 på lokalkanalen NDR 90,3 i Hamburg. Sammenlagt har han stået for 6.500 radioudsendelser.

Fra 1973 var Ackermann også aktiv som vært på scener og i talkshows. Derudover har han udgivet ni bøger medsamlinger af aforismer og citat under titlen Der Spruch des Tages, mens han sammen med Michael Thürnau har udgivet bogen Witze. Endelig er han også aktiv som billedkunstner og udstiller akrylmalerier og collager på udstillinger i Nordtyskland.

Præmieringer
I 2000 modtog Ackermann medieprisen Rundfunk fra Arbeitsgemeinschaft deutscher Schlager und Volksmusik (ADS). I begrundelsen hed det: "Gennem hans musikvalg, der hovedsageligt bestemmes af tyske schlagere og tysksproget folkemusik, præsenterer NDR 1 det mest succesrige program i Norden."

Eksterne henvisninger

 Lutz Ackermann i NDR 1 Niedersachsen–Archiv
 http://www.lutz-ackermann-moderator.de

Radioværter fra Tyskland
Tv-værter fra Tyskland
Forfattere fra Tyskland
Journalister fra Tyskland

Lutz Ackermann


Prokopi sau Prokopion (în ) este un sat din nordul insulei Evia a Greciei. Satul, care se află la 87 de km de capitala greacă Atena, are o populație de 948 de persoane, conform recensământului din 2011.

Satul a purtat până în noiembrie 1927 numele Ahmet-agha (în ). Aici s-au stabilit 263 de refugiați greci din orașul Ürgüp (în ) din Cappadocia (Turcia), care au venit după schimbul de populație dintre Grecia și Turcia din 1924. Acest sat grecesc este cunoscut pentru faptul că în biserica locală se află moaștele Sfântului Ioan Rusul, care au fost aduse aici de refugiații capadocieni.

La marginea estică a satului Prokopi trece drumul național EO77, care leagă localitățile Chalkis și Edipsos din nord-vestul insulei Evia.

Demografie

Note

Sate din Grecia

Prokopi


The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking debitantski je samostalni studijski album britanskog glazbenika Rogera Watersa. Album je bio objavljen 30. travnja 1984., godinu dana prije nego što je Waters najavio svoj odlazak iz Pink Floyda. Udruženje diskografske industrije Amerike dodijelilo je albumu zlatnu ploču u travnju 1995. godine.

Koncept
Koncept albuma, kakvog ga je Waters osmislio 1977. godine, prati razne čovjekove misli tijekom cestovnog putovanja po Kaliforniji, usredotočivši se na njegovu krizu srednjih godina, ali i njegov san o činjenju preljuba s autostopericom koju pokupi u međuvremenu. Tijekom puta također se suočava s ostalim strahovima i paranojom, a svi se navedeni događaji zbivaju u stvarnom vremenu, tijekom ranih jutarnjih sati neodređenog dana, između 4:30 i 5:12.

Waters je u srpnju 1978. godine svojim kolegama u grupi Pink Floyd odsvirao neke svoje glazbene demouratke koje je uspio sastaviti, ali i dijelove drugog albuma kojeg je imao u pripremi, tada pod nazivom Bricks in the Wall. Nakon duge je rasprave skupina zaključila da joj se više sviđa koncept Bricks in the Walla, iako je njen tadašnji menadžer, Steve O'Rourke, smatrao da Pros and Cons bolje zvuči u konceptualnom, dok je David Gilmour smatrao da je Pros and Cons snažniji u glazbenom smislu.

Bricks in the Wall, kasnije preimenovan u The Wall, postao je sljedeći album Pink Floyda 1979. godine, a Waters je odgodio Pros and Cons. Početkom 1983. Waters se samostalno vratio odgođenom projektu. Album je bio sniman u trima različitim studijima od veljače do prosinca 1983. u Londonu, studijima Olympic Studios, Eel Pie Studios i Watersovom vlastitom studiju, Billiard Roomu, u kojem je snimio demouratke. Na albumu se pojavljuje glazbeni dirigent Michael Kamen, glumac Jack Palance u pjevačkoj ulozi, saksofonist David Sanborn i gitarist Eric Clapton.

Sedma skladba, 4.50 AM (Go Fishing) sadrži istu melodiju kao i refren skladbe "The Fletcher Memorial Home" s Pink Floydovog albuma The Final Cut; u pitanju je melodija za stih "The Fletcher Memorial Home for incurable tyrants and kings". Navedena skladba sadrži i jedan automobilski zvuk i djelomično promijenjenu refrensku melodiju s pjesme "Your Possible Pasts" koja se nalazi na istom albumu.

Objava i omot
Budući da je izvorna inačica albuma bila objavljena 1984. godine na tradicionalnoj dvodijelnoj gramofonskoj ploči i kazeti, nekoliko sekunda nedostaje između prve i druge strane kako bi se održao Watersov koncept, omogućujući slušatelju da okrene ploču (ili kazetu) kako bi druga polovica prema planu počela točno u 4:50. Međutim, kad je album bio objavljen na CD-u nekoliko godina poslije, ovaj je kratak razmak nestao zbog neprekinute reprodukcije, vraćajući vrijeme unazad nekoliko sekundi. Vremena za "4:37 AM (Arabs With Knives and West German Skies)" i "4:47 AM (The Remains of Our Love)" na prvoj su strani krivo označena: pjesme započinju nekoliko sekundi prije napisanog; poimence počinju u "4:36" i "4:46".

Gerald Scarfe, koji je bio zaslužan za ilustracije i određene animacije na albumu The Wall Pink Floyda, izradio je omot za Pros and Cons. Njegova je naslovnica izazvala kontroverze jer je sadržavala fotografiju golog modela i pornoglumice Linzi Drew. Iako je album izvorno bio objavljen s netaknutom nagošću, na kasnijim je inačicama koje je objavila Columbia Records Drewina stražnjica bila cenzurirana crnim pravokutnikom.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Roger Waters
Roger Waters – vokali, bas-gitara, ritam gitara, efekti na traci, produkcija, dizajn omota
Dodatni glazbenici
Eric Clapton – solo gitara, prateći vokali, sintesajzer gitara
Ray Cooper – udaraljke
Andy Newmark – bubnjevi, udaraljke
David Sanborn – saksofon
Michael Kamen – klavir, produkcija,
Andy Bown – Hammond orgulje, gitara s 12 žica
Madeline Bell – prateći vokali
Katie Kissoon – prateći vokali
Doreen Chanter – prateći vokali
Raphael Ravenscroft – rog
Kevin Flanagan – rog
Vic Sullivan – rog
Michael King – efekti
National Philharmonic Orchestra – orkestar

Ostalo osoblje
Andy Jackson – inženjer zvuka, snimanje
Laura Boisan – dodatni inženjer zvuka
Doug Sax – mastering
Mike Reese – mastering
Gerald Scarfe – dizajn omota
Alex Henderson – fotografija
Glumci
Andy Quigley kao Velšanin u operacijskoj sali
Beth Porter kao Supruga
Roger Waters kao Muškarac
Manning Redwood kao Vozač kamiona
Ed Bishop kao Vozač kamiona
Jack Palance kao Hells Angel
Madeline Bell kao Djevojka Hells Angela

Izvori

Albumi iz 1984.
Britanski glazbeni albumi

The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking


Start Something is the second studio album by the Welsh rock band Lostprophets, released on 2 February 2004 through Visible Noise in the United Kingdom and South Korea. The album was released internationally on 5 February 2004 through Columbia. The band began work on the album in 2003 after touring for support of their previous album, The Fake Sound of Progress. This is the second and last album featuring the original drummer Mike Chiplin.

Start Something was both a critical and commercial success, quickly becoming the band's most successful album. It peaked at number 33 on the Billboard 200 in the United States, and was eventually certified Gold by the RIAA. Six singles were released from the album: "Burn Burn", "Last Train Home", "Wake Up (Make a Move)", "Last Summer", "Goodbye Tonight" and the radio single "I Don't Know". These singles helped Lostprophets reach mainstream popularity. The album would go on to be certified platinum by the BPI in the United Kingdom, and gold in the United States by the RIAA.

Composition
The album was produced by Eric Valentine who had also produced albums from Queens of the Stone Age and Good Charlotte. The band claimed they had settled on the title to introduce their abilities on a more grand musical level as compared to their actual debut The Fake Sound of Progress, as they considered it to be more of a reworked demo. According to lead singer Ian Watkins, the title was also influenced by several friends of the band they had claimed would "love to do this and that, but never had the drive to do it".

Prior to the beginning of the recording process, the band had befriended Hoobastank as the two bands shared a recording space in Calabasas, California. Watkins and Oliver recorded their guest appearance for the Hoobastank song Out of Control off of their 2003 album The Reason.

The band cancelled their scheduled performance at the 2003 Reading and Leeds Festival to continue work on the album. Watkins claimed the band sought to finish recording, claiming "We want to make the best record possible and did not want to rush anything, unfortunately these shows are at the final stages of making the record and we felt it was more important." The Scottish rock band Biffy Clyro replaced Lostprophets at the festival.

Billy Martin and Benji Madden of Good Charlotte record additional vocals on "Last Train Home".

The track listing varies depending on region, the track "We Are Godzilla, You Are Japan" was omitted from the North American version of the album, though versions with the track have the final two tracks "Sway" and "Outro" consolidated into one track.

The band included two additional tracks for the album's Japanese version; "Lucky You" and "Like a Fire". Despite not appearing as a track on any of the singles or on any version outside of the Japanese and original Australian release; "Lucky You" was submitted by the band for its inclusion in the Spider-Man 2 soundtrack, released on 30 June 2004 alongside the film. Original pressings of the Australian release had also included "Lucky You" as the penultimate track, but it was later removed in 2005. Other recording outtakes such as "The Politics of Emotion", "Holding On", "Our Broken Hearts", and "Push Out the Jive, Bring in the Love" were scrapped from the final track listing, though they appear on several singles.

Artwork
The album cover (designed by vocalists Ian Watkins and Jamie Oliver) features a new gothic style logo with German blackletter typeface, replacing the old logo used for Fake Sound of Progress. It would in itself be replaced for the band's next album, but featured on several of the band's singles taken from this album. Sometimes the lyrics "but even through your doubts, we will still be here", taken from "We Still Kill The Old Way", are written below the logo. The figure at the front of the artwork wears blue jeans, a black hoodie and a baseball cap and was jokingly thought to resemble Justin Timberlake in several humorous interviews with the band. However, the person actually depicted in the photograph was Watkins, as was later clarified by bassist Stuart Richardson in 2005.

At the time, Oliver was also an acclaimed artist with his work being displayed in several exhibitions depicting Rhondda life. There are slight variations with the cover in different territories with some editions showing the shadow of the figure with wings - either angels wings or more likely bird wings. This is best depicted in an official promotional wallpaper the band released for fans. The picture was shot on the 1st Street Bridge in Boyle Heights, directly east of Los Angeles, where the album was recorded and mixed. Watkins claimed he regarded artwork as "just as important as the music". During a January 2010 interview, Watkins further reflected back on Lostprophets' prior artwork claiming "I remember doing the Start Something record and compiling the inlay which is a collage of two years of our lives. It was so much fun. I'd sit there for hours looking at the booklet and all the little pictures. I did that to all the albums I bought."

Promotion
Songs from the new album were first performed live on 17 August 2003 at Newport, the first gig of three alongside a Birmingham date and a Manchester date, in preparation for the Reading and Leeds festival at the end of August. For these gigs, "We Still Kill the Old Way" became the regular opener, whilst sets closed with "Burn Burn", with tracks from their previous album interspersed in between. Kerrang noted in a live review from Manchester that "We Still Kill the Old Way" and "To Hell We Ride" were "well received" but that "the surfeit of new material leads to a comparatively muted response". At the end of July though it was announced that the band had cancelled their appearance at Reading and Leeds, whilst still promising to play the three warm-up shows, citing that they wanted the recording of Start Something to take precedence. Ian Watkins later announced "Unfortunately these shows are at the final stages of making the record and we felt it was more important not to short change anyone." The band did however support Linkin Park at Wembley Arena in London on 22 November 2003 performing eight songs, including five from the upcoming album. Despite the recording process, the band performed a total of four dates in 2003.

The song "To Hell We Ride" made an appearance in the video game Need for Speed: Underground, released in November 2003, as a bonus feature of the game, users could unlock a custom 1999 Nissan Skyline GT-R given a custom livery with the band's logo and artwork from the upcoming album as an easter egg.

Commercial Performance

Europe
The album was well received in the UK, being certified Silver and later Gold by the BPI on 20 February 2004, it would go on to be certified Platinum in the UK on 14 January 2005. The album first charted on the UK Albums Chart at #4 in 2004, in 2005 it reached its peak position #93 and after the release of Liberation Transmission in 2006 the album re-charted and peaked at #133. The album was also well received in Germany, entering the German album charts at #51. The album's lead single "Burn Burn" became the band's first charting song in Germany, peaking at #81. "Last Train Home" had proved to become a more successful single as it peaked #48. The album also managed to chart in Finland, Austria, Ireland, France, and the mainland Eurochart upon release; the latter peaking at #15.

North America
Upon release, the album was poorly received in both Canada, yielding no charting singles and failing to enter the Canadian Album Chart altogether. Despite this; the album was positively received in the United States, being compared to American acts such as Linkin Park, Limp Bizkit, and Incubus. The album's first single "Burn Burn" had initially failed to chart in the United States; but the album's second single "Last Train Home" quickly became a hit; prompting the album to sell 117,000 copies in its first week in America. "Last Train Home" had grown substantial attention in America in December 2003 through radio airplay regular MTV rotation.  The single quickly became the band's highest charting single in America, prompting the band members to appear as guests on Total Request Live on 13 March 2004. The single had also managed to beat fellow UK rock band The Darkness' hit single I Believe in a Thing Called Love (released in September 2003), charting twelve spots higher on Billboard's Mainstream Rock charts upon release in December 2003. The song became the highest-charting single of any UK rock act in the United States in 2003.  In mid-February 2004, Start Something peaked at #33 on the Billboard 200 becoming the band's highest charting album in the United States to date. The album also reached #121 on the Billboard's Year-End Chart in the United States in December 2004.  To date, it is the band's only release certified by the RIAA. On June 3, 2004 the album was certified Gold by the RIAA in the United States. Despite the strong response to the album's second single; "Wake Up (Make a Move)" was not as well received, though it also charted in America at #16, "I Don't Know", was also released as a radio-only single on 26 October 2004, it ultimately peaked at #11 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart and #24 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

Australia/New Zealand
Despite entering the New Zealand album charts at #14,Start Something did not yield any charting singles in the country. Australia had a similarly mixed reception for the album's release as only "Burn Burn" and "Last Train Home" charted as singles respectively. Regardless; Burn Burn had managed to become a minor hit in Australia, peaking at #48 in December 2003.

Streaming
In May 2012 the album had still garnered 10.8 million plays by 640,000 listeners on Last.FM. As of May 2023, the album is still the band's most popular record following their breakup in 2013. Spotify reported that "Start Something" still receives over 60,000 monthly plays from users in the UK.

Despite Watkins' conviction in 2012; the album remains purchasable internationally on Apple Music. Spotify also has the album available for play only for users in the United Kingdom and Japan. Much of the band's Visible Noise catalogue was not renewed for licensing to be streamed in markets such as North America, Australia, or South Korea after 2012.

Critical Reception

The album received mostly positive reviews from music critics, At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 70, based on 13 reviews.

Johnny Loftus from Allmusic gave the album a negative review, claiming that they had too big of a resemblance to bands such as Linkin Park, Incubus, and Faith No More; Loftus gave the album 2 out of 5 stars.

Rolling Stone reviewer Kirk Miller was more positive to the album and called it a "kick-ass tribute" again because of its resemblance to American rock band Faith No More and gave the album 3 out of 5 stars. Justin Kownacki from Splendid said "this is one of those finely-polished discs that should have no trouble finding a huge audience" and was more over positive to the album.

Drowned in Sound reviewer Gen Williams said "It's a really really really really really REALLY great pop-metal explosion." and continued to say "Burn Burn" boasted "the catchiest hook this side of Linkin Park" and that the alleged Adamski rip-off was justified because of the song's quality, and giving the album 8 out of 10 stars.

Q called it "Unashamedly Epic." NME said "This is something genuinely fresh... here friends, is the real sound of progress (reference to the band's previous effort, The Fake Sound of Progress)" and Observer Music Monthly credited Start Something on being "A hybrid of big rock choruses, powerful rhythms and a neat pop edge to their rock artillery."  Entertainment Weekly gave the album a B and said that Lostprophets "mostly live up to that high standard by juxtaposing gnarly metal riffs with quirky electronic interludes. Only the occasional lapse into Linkin Park-style self-indulgence drags them down."

It was ranked seventh in Kerrang! magazine's Albums of the Year 2004 list. In a readers poll titled Top 100 British Rock Albums the album was ranked eighteenth, and was the third highest of the 2000s, however the poll was taken in February 2005 whilst the album was still fresh in the mind for many.

In 2005, Start Something was ranked number 364 in Rock Hard magazine's book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time. Rock Sound magazine ranked the album eighth on their Critics' Poll 2004, the highest placing for a British band.

Tour
To promote the album, the band toured North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. Four months before the release of Start Something the band embarked on a tour in support. The tour began in the United Kingdom. The band also announced dates, opening for Linkin Park on their UK winter arena tour. The band also announced performances at the NME Award show at the London Astoria and later announced further UK dates in Glasgow, Newcastle and Manchester among others. The concert in the London Astoria ended up being sold out.

The band took part in the second European leg of Metallica's Madly in Anger with the World Tour alongside Slipknot and Godsmack. Lostprophets were billed as the opening act for European dates stretching from 26 May, to 4 July 2004. Though their own touring commitments forced them to drop from the tour with Metallica prior to the second North American leg in August as they were also obligated to perform in the United States later that month.

The North American leg of the tour began on 15 July 2004. Performances included thirteen dates across the United States, ending on 3 August 2004. Lostprophets would also take part of MTV's Campus Invasion Tour, in support for headliners Hoobastank, beginning at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. In May 2004 the band performed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada for a one night show. The band announced further dates in New Zealand and Australia as a part of the Big Day Out festival, and dates in Asia were later announced, marking the band's first performance in Japan. The band returned to the UK in November 2004 as their own headliners, releasing further tour dates through June 2005.

Prior to 2013, Start Something was still the band's most popular album with just over 35% of songs coming from that album across all their performances from 2004 to 2012. During the band's 2012 tour in support of their album Weapons, the band announced a homecoming show at Cardiff's Motorpoint Arena where the album was played in its entirety. Stuart Richardson said "We wrote the record in Caerphilly. Start Something is when we kind of came into our own as a band, and Cardiff is where we came into our own as people". The performance sold out with a crowd of 10,000 people.

Legacy
In June 2012 the album was entered into Rock Sound magazine's Hall of Fame with features on how the band look back on the album and how it has influenced others. Rock Sound said that the album made the band into "one of our greatest rock commodities" and called it a "defining record for the UK rock scene as a whole". Lee Gaze stated "Start Something is the greatest hits of what Lostprophets do". Aled Phillips of Kids in Glass Houses said "it was a turning point for a lot of bands" but also that "everyone's jeans got tighter and started wearing Nike Dunks - it was a cultural shift. With them it was never just about the music, everybody got swept up in the whole aesthetic as well". Five British rock records - All Our Kings Are Dead, We Are the Dynamite, World Record, Free and Hold Me Down - were all cited as being heavily influenced by Start Something.

BBC Wales called the album a "modern rock classic" in retrospect and BBC Music called it a "UK rock classic". Whilst WalesOnline noted how the album had been "a galvanising force in the Welsh rock scene". The BBC also produced a radio programme with Bethan Elfyn that aired on BBC Radio 1 in May 2010, which featured the Stereophonics, Manic Street Preachers, Funeral for a Friend and The Blackout amongst others, and titled it "Start Something: The Story of South Wales Rock" in honour of the album. The album was included in Rock Sounds 101 Modern Classics list at number 14.

The album has sold 2.5 million copies worldwide to date; according to the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).

Awards
Kerrang! Awards

|-
| 2004 || Start Something || Best Album ||
|-
| 2004 || Last Train Home || Best Single ||

Metal Hammer Awards

|-
| 2004 || Lostprophets for Start Something tour || Best Live Act ||

Accolades

(*) designates unordered lists.

Personnel
Credits for Start Something adapted from liner notes.

Lostprophets
 Ian Watkins - lead vocals, art direction
 Lee Gaze – lead guitar
 Mike Lewis – rhythm guitar
 Stuart Richardson - bass guitar
 Jamie Oliver – synth, turntables, samples, backing vocals, illustration, Co-Lead Vocals on "To Hell We Ride" and "We Are Godzilla, You Are Japan"
 Mike Chiplin - drums, percussion
Additional musicians
 David Campbell – string arrangement
 Billy Martin – backing vocals
 Benji Madden – backing vocals
 Brett Allen Rentals – additional guitars

Production

 Eric Valentine – production, engineered, mixing
 Kevin Augunas – engineered, backing vocals
 Joe Barresi – additional engineered
 Trevor Whatever – studio manager
 Steve Turzo – studio assistant, backing vocals
 Jeff Turzo – sequence
 DMT rentals – additional digital recording
 Brian Gardner – mastered
 Q Prime Inc. – management
 Doug Mark – legal
 Mike Dewdney – booking
 Julie Weir – Visible Noise A&R
 Greg Boggs – Columbia A&R
 Gerard Babitts – Columbia A&R
 Martin Greene Ravden – business management
 Flood – business management
 Bumstead – business management
 McCready – business management
 McCarthy – business management
 Dan Mandell – art direction
 Chapman Baehler – photography
 Lawrence Watson – photography

Track listing
All lyrics written by Ian Watkins, all music composed by Lostprophets.

Charts

Certifications

References

External links

Start Something at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)
Band web page
[ Allmusic]
MTV News Article

2004 albums
Lostprophets albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by Eric Valentine
Nu metal albums by British artists

Start Something


Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc., también conocida como Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment (o simplemente Rankin/Bass), fue una productora cinematográfica estadounidense especializada en animación en stop motion, particularmente centrada en la creación de especiales televisivos estacionales, como los especiales navideños del reno Rudolph (Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer...).

Historia
La empresa fue creada en 1960 por Arthur Rankin, Jr. y Jules Bass como Videocraft International, Ltd., y fue cerrada en 1987, con un breve intento de recuperación de la marca entre 1999 y 2001. El catálogo anterior a 1974 es hoy propiedad de DreamWorks Classics, y el posterior a ese año de CBS.

Las obras en stop motion de Rankin/Bass son fácilmente reconocibles por su estilo visual de personajes con apariencia de muñecos con miembros esféricos, y la ubicua nieve en polvo creada mediante la técnica de animación que llamaban «Animagic». A menudo se proyectaban sobre la acción escenarios de animación tradicional de nieve cayendo, para mejorar el efecto de una nevada.

Legado
Durante más de 20 años, la mayoría de las películas de Rankin/Bass se proyectaron en Family Channel y Freeform durante el período estacional de los "25 días de Navidad" de diciembre. A partir de 2018, los especiales se trasladaron a AMC y se emitieron durante su período de temporada de "La mejor Navidad de todos los tiempos". Los especiales originales de Rudolph y Frosty se emiten actualmente en CBS bajo un contrato separado con Rankin/Bass y sus sucesores en interés. Los dos especiales también se transmiten en Freeform.

Los especiales de Rankin/Bass han sido parodiados por series de televisión como Saturday Night Live hasta South Park, mientras que obras no festivas como El último unicornio mantuvieron un culto de seguidores.

Filmografía (seleccionada)

Largometrajes
Animación en stop motion
 Willy McBean and His Magic Machine (1965).
 The Daydreamer (1966) (distribuido por Embassy Pictures).
 Mad Monster Party? (1967) (distribuido por Embassy Pictures).

Animación tradicional
 The Wacky World of Mother Goose (1967).
 El Hobbit (1977) (película TV).
 El retorno del Rey (1980) (película TV).
 El último unicornio (1982).
 El vuelo de los dragones (1982) (Película TV).
 The Wind in the Willows (1987) (Película TV).
 El rey y yo (1999) (coproducida con Morgan Creek Productions y Nest Family Entertainment).

Especiales de televisión animados
stop-motion
 Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964, Burl Ives) (producido como Videocraft).
 The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Show (1965).
 The Ballad of Smokey the Bear (1966; James Cagney).
 The Little Drummer Boy (1968, Greer Garson).
 Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (1970, Fred Astaire).
 Here Comes Peter Cottontail (1971, Danny Kaye).
 The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye: The Emperor's New Clothes (1972).
 The Year Without a Santa Claus (1974, Shirley Booth).
 The First Christmas: The Story of the First Christmas Snow (1975, Angela Lansbury).
 Rudolph's Shiny New Year (1976, Red Skelton).
 The Little Drummer Boy, Book II (1976, Greer Garson).
 The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town (1977, Fred Astaire).
 Nestor, the Long–Eared Christmas Donkey (1977, Roger Miller).
 Jack Frost (1979, Buddy Hackett).
 Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July (1979) (también se dio un estreno teatral limitado).
 Pinocchio's Christmas (1980).
 The Leprechaun's Christmas Gold (1981, Art Carney).
 The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (1985).

Series animadas
stop-motion
 Las nuevas aventuras de Pinocho (1960–1961).
 Mio Mao (1974-1976).

Tradicional
 Tales of the Wizard of Oz (1961).
 The King Kong Show (1966–1969).
 The Smokey Bear Show (1969–1971).
 The Tomfoolery Show (1970–1971).
 The Reluctant Dragon and Mr. Toad Show (1970–1971).
 The Jackson 5ive (1971–1972).
 The Osmonds (1972).
 Kid Power (1972–1973).
 Festival of Family Classics (1972–1973).
 ThunderCats (1985–1989).
 Halcones Galácticos (1986).
 La Tira Cómica (conocida como Los tigres del mar, Street Frogs, The Mini-Monsters and Karate Kat) (1987).

Véase también
Era oscura de la animación estadounidense
Era renacentista de la animación estadounidense

Enlaces externos
 «The Enchanted World of Rankin/Bass», de Rick Goldschmidt.
 La entrada de Rankin/Bass Productions en la Big Cartoon DataBase.

Productoras de televisión de Estados Unidos
Estudios de animación de Estados Unidos
Empresas fundadas en 1960
Warner Bros.

Rankin/Bass Productions


නැපෝලියන් බොනපාට් 1769 දී කෝර්සිකා දුපතේ උපත ලැබීය. ඉතාලි ජාතික දෙමවුපියන්ගෙන් උපන් ඔහුට ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව මැනවින් හැසිරවිය හැකි විය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ සහ පැරීසියේ හමුදා පාසල් වල ඉගෙන ගත් ඔහු දුප්පත් පවුලකින් පැවත ආ බැවින් එම පාසල් වල ඉගෙනුම ලැබූ සෙසු ප්‍රංශ ප්‍රභූ පවුල් වල දරුවෝ ඔහුට අවමන් කළහ. වයස අවුරුදු 16 දී ප්‍රංශ හමුදාවට බැඳුනු නැපෝලියන් විප්ලවය ආරම්භ වීමෙන් පසුව ජකොබියන්වරුන්ට සහයෝගය දැක්වීය.
ඔහු පැරණි ප්‍රංශ රාජ වංශයේ පැවති වැඩවසම් ක්‍රමය වෙනුවට නව පරිපාලන ක්‍රමයක් ඇති කරන ලදී.එනිසා එතෙක් ලෝකයේ විසූ අධිරාජ්‍යන්ගෙන් ඔහු වෙනස් වේ.ඔහු සලකනු ලබන්නෙ ප්‍රංශ විප්ලවයේ දරුවෙකු ලෙසය.

නැපෝලියන් බොනපාට්


Graflex was a manufacturer that gave its brand name to several models of camera.

The company was founded as the Folmer and Schwing Manufacturing Company in New York City in 1887 by William F. Folmer and William E. Schwing as a metal working factory, manufacturing gas light fixtures, chandeliers, bicycles and eventually, cameras.

In 1909, it was acquired by George Eastman, and the company was moved to 12 Caledonia Avenue (later renamed Clarissa Street) in Rochester, New York in 1928. It operated as the Folmer & Schwing Division of the Eastman Kodak Company.

In 1926, Kodak was forced to divest itself of the division, which was spun off forming a new company, the Folmer Graflex Corporation, which changed its name to Graflex Inc. in 1946. In 1956, it became a Division of the General Instrument Precision Company, and moved its offices to Pittsford, New York outside Rochester. In 1968, the company was sold to the Singer Corporation.

Graflex was known for the quintessential press camera, the Speed Graphic which was manufactured for over 60 years, and was used by most of the photojournalists in the first half of the 20th century.

History
William F. Folmer, an inventor, co-owned the Folmer and Schwing Manufacturing Company, founded in New York City as a gas lamp company. As the gas lamp market declined, the company expanded into other areas including bicycles and photographic equipment, leading to the release of the first Graflex camera in 1899. As the company's success grew, it chose to focus on photography and dropped its other manufacturing lines, and in 1905 was acquired by George Eastman, in 1907 becoming the Folmer Graflex Division of Eastman Kodak. After a succession of name changes, it finally became simply "Graflex, Inc." in 1945. Eastman Kodak made all of the Graflex cameras in their professional equipment manufacturing plant on Clarrisa street in Rochester NY. In 1926, as a result of violations of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Comp. St. § 8820 et seq.) Kodak was forced to divest itself of its professional equipment division, which became Graflex Inc. This company existed under independent ownership until 1958, when the company was bought by the General Precision Equipment, which operated it as an independent division until 1968, when it was sold to the Singer Corporation, who also operated it as a division until 1973, when it was finally wrapped up and its tooling sold to the Toyo Corporation.

From 1912 to 1973 Graflex produced large format and medium format press cameras in film formats from  to  . They also produced rangefinder, SLR and TLR cameras in a variety of formats ranging from 35mm to .

The Rochester Folmer plant also manufactured the Century Studio Camera, which was marketed under both the Kodak and Graflex nameplates. However, because Graflex printed separate catalogs for its studio and portable offerings, many erroneously believe the Century Studios to have been manufactured elsewhere.

Graflex Reflex cameras

The first of the Graflex-branded cameras, released in 1898, was the Graflex camera, also known as the Graflex Reflex, or Graflex single lens reflex (SLR). This camera used the same swinging-mirror, through-the-lens viewing mechanism as modern single lens reflex cameras, introduced many decades later, and quickly became popular for sports and press photography in the early 20th century due largely to its use of a focal plane shutter. To produce shutter speeds fast enough to appear to freeze rapid motion, early Graflex cameras employed a cloth shutter with a narrow slit that quickly moved across the film plane, exposing only one small strip at any given moment in its travel. To set the shutter speed, the photographer wound the shutter spring to one of a series of calculated tensions using a key, and selected the slit width with another control. A table on the side of the box gave the shutter speed for each combination.  The Graflex Reflex was also popular among early 20th Century fine art photographers, leading several lens manufacturers to design special soft-focus lenses, including the famous Wollensak's Verito, to support the camera's creative potential.

Speed Graphic and Crown Graphic press cameras

Graflex Speed Graphic folding cameras, produced from 1912 to 1973 also employed a focal plane shutter, but omitted the SLR swinging mirror and through-the lens viewing, replacing it by an external viewfinder, while retaining a view camera's traditional ground glass for static subjects. This allowed the camera to be considerably lighter, and fold into a rugged boxy shape.  These cameras could also be used with "between-the-lens" shutters mounted to the front lens board as more typically seen on large format cameras. The Speed Graphic became even more popular than the Graflex Reflex as a press and sports camera, so much so that to this type of classic press camera features in the masthead of the New York Daily News. The top-to-bottom motion of the focal plane shutter exposed the upper portion of the film first (i.e., the bottom of the inverted image as seen at the focal plane), so many photographs of automobile racing taken with Speed Graphics depicted the wheels of cars in an oval shape leaning forward. This feature was so ubiquitous in racing photography that it came to be a conventional graphical indication for speed, influencing many cartoonists who drew wheels in this same style to indicate fast motion.

Speed Graphics have also been used with success by many fine art photographers, as they work quite well with special un-shuttered lenses that were manufactured originally for the Graflex Reflex. Speed Graphics are still widely used by modern fine art photographers because of their unique image creation capabilities and simple, easily serviced mechanical design.

The Crown Graphic models of this same period were similar in overall design to the Speed Graphics, but omitted their focal plane shutter, allowing Crown Graphic models to be about one inch (2.5 cm) smaller and 1 pound lighter (.5 kg) Furthermore, their lack of a focal plane shutter allowed lenses to be mounted closer to the film plane, enabling the use of wider angle lenses on these models.

Graflex cameras

Press cameras
 1912–1973 Speed Graphic Models
 1912–1927 Top Handle Speed Graphic
 1928–1939 Pre-Anniversary Speed Graphic
 1939–1946 Miniature Speed Graphic
 1940–1946 Anniversary Speed Graphic
 1947–1970 Pacemaker Speed Graphic
 1947–1973 Pacemaker Crown Graphic
 1949–1970 Century Graphic
 1958–1973 Super Graphic
 1961–1970 Super Speed Graphic

Other large format and SLR cameras

 1907–1923 Press Graflex -
 1909–1941 Auto Graflex
 1923–1952 R.B.Graflex Series B (R.B. for Rotating Back)
 1938–1942 Crown View
 1941–1949 Graphic View
 1949–1967 Graphic View II
 1912–1940 5x7 Home Portrait Graflex
 1923–1932 5x7 Series B Graflex
 5x7, 3x5 Compact Graflex
 5x7 Stereo Graflex
1928–1947 3x4 and 4x5 Series D
1941–1963 Super D Graflex
 3x4 Series C Graflex with Cooke 2.5 Lens
 3x4 and 4x5 RB Auto Graflex
 4x5 Naturalist Graflex

(Graflex Century Studio portrait Cameras)

Other 120/220 and 70mm film cameras

 1933–1941 National Graflex Series I, Series II
 1952–1956 Graflex 22
 1965–1973 Graflex XL
 1953–1957 Combat Graphic
 1971–1976 Graflex Norita (a.k.a. Norita 66)

35mm rangefinder and stereo

 1949–1953 Graflex Ciro 35
 1955–1962 Graflex Stereo Graphic
 1955–1957 Graflex Graphic 35
 1957–1961 Graflex Century 35
 1959–1963 Graphic 35 Electric (a.k.a. Iloca Electric)

Aerial cameras

 1941–1945 Folmer Graflex K-20 Aircraft Camera (a.k.a. Fairchild K-20)
  Folmer Graflex K-21 Aircraft Camera
  Folmer Graflex K-25 Aircraft Camera

Military cameras
 1940–1943 Graflex C-3
 1942–1944 Graflex PH-47-F
 1942–1944 Graflex PH-47-E
 1947–1949 Graflex PH-47-H
 1947–1950 Graflex C-6
 1949–1952 Graflex PH-47-J
 1953–1957 Graflex KE-4
 1953–1955 Graflex KE-12
 1965–1973 Graflex XLRF KS-98B

The company name changed several times over the years, as it was absorbed and released by the Kodak empire—finally becoming a division of the Singer Corporation. It dissolved in 1973. The Graflex plant in suburban Pittsford, New York still stands at 3750 Monroe Avenue, and was the corporate headquarters of Veramark Technologies from 1997 to 2010.

Popular culture and today's usage

Because the Speed Graphic had its historical origins as the quintessential press camera  prior to the advent of 35mm and digital photography for use by press photographers, some still consider the use of a Graflex obsolete. However, both the Speed Graphic and the Graflex SLR have focal plane shutters that allow use of large un-shuttered barrel lenses. These cameras are now being used by fine art photographers to make images that excel in depth of field control and image detail. As an example, a Kodak Aero Ektar 178 mm f/2.5 lens can be fitted to Speed Graphic 4x5 cameras and used to take soft/sharp photographs with complete control of the depth of focus.

The lightsaber prop used in the 1977 release of Star Wars was a modified Graflex 3-cell flashgun which was designed to hold flash bulbs for vintage "Speed Graphic" cameras. The model of the flashgun used in the movie had the patent #2310165 stamped onto the bottom.

A stylized logo of a Speed Graphic camera appears on the flag of the New York Daily News
Graflex, Inc., a company in Jupiter, Fla. manufactures precision optical, electronic, and mechanical devices, mostly for the military.  [more information needed]

See also
Fairchild K-20 (a World War II-era aerial camera made by Folmer Graflex Corp., which became Graflex Inc. in 1945)
Press camera

References

Sources
Kingslake, Rudolf, The Rochester Camera and Lens Companies (Rochester NY, Photographic Historical Society, 1974) OCLC 3335854

External links

 Homepage of Graflex.Org: "Dedicated to promoting the use and preservation of Graflex Speed Graphics and other classic and large-format cameras."
 The Graflex Speed Graphic FAQ on Graflex.org
 Graflex.org: Kingslake historical essay
 Information on the Graflex Press Camera (at a website run by a collector named Jo Lommen)
 Hendersonville Camera Club  page on history of photography.
 Graflex Camera Catalog Info Historic Camera
 Graflex Collection website dedicated to Graflex cameras

Photography companies of the United States
Cameras

Graflex


Gróðurbraggi eru plastgróðurhús þar sem uppistöður eru úr stáli og klæðning úr plastefninu fjöletýlen (einnig kallað pólýetýlen eða PE). Gróðurbraggi er oft braggalaga (hálfhringur) en getur verið kassalaga eða aflangur. Gróðurbraggar eru á kaldari svæðum notaðir á sama hátt og gróðurhús úr gleri eða yfirbreiðslur yfir beð. Hitastigi, rakastigi og loftskiptum er stjórnað af tækjum eða með því að opna og loka handvirkt loftraufar.

Gróðurbraggar eru notaðir til að fá hærra hitastig og rakastig en mögulegt er í umhverfinu en einnig til að vernda uppskeru frá miklum hita, björtu sólarljósi, vindi, hagléli og kuldaköstum. Ef mögulegt er að hækka hitastig um  aðeins 5 to 15 °C  og hlífa gróðri við ofþornun af völdum vinds þá um er hægt að rækta jurtir í gróðurbragga sem ella þrífast eingöngu  á heitari stöðum.

gróðurhús

Gróðurbraggi


Bizkaia-Durango (UCI holdkode: BDP) er et professionelt cykelhold, baeret i Spanien, der konkurrerer i elite landevejscykelløb som f.eks. UCI Women's Road World Cup.

Holdet

2018

Referencer

Cykelhold fra Spanien
Cykelhold for kvinder

Bizkaia-Durango


George Alexander Drew  (May 7, 1894 – January 4, 1973) was a Canadian politician. He served as the 14th premier of Ontario from 1943 to 1948 and founded a Progressive Conservative dynasty that would last 42 years. He later served as leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Leader of the Official Opposition from 1948 to 1956.

Early life
Drew was born in Guelph, Ontario, the son of Annie Isabelle Stevenson (Gibbs) and John Jacob Drew. He was educated at Upper Canada College and graduated from the University of Toronto, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Alpha Phi chapter). He then studied law at Osgoode Hall Law School. He served with distinction in World War I as an officer in the Canadian Field Artillery. After the war, he became lieutenant-colonel of the 11th Field Brigade and later honorary colonel of the 11th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery. He was the author of a book about Canadian aviators in World War I, "Canada's Fighting Airmen."

He was called to the bar in 1920. He married Fiorenza Johnson (1910–1965), daughter of Edward Johnson, who was a noted opera singer (tenor) and later general manager (1935–1950) of the Metropolitan Opera House, in New York City. Drew remarried in 1966 to Phyllis McCullagh, the widow of George McCullagh, the former publisher of Toronto's The Globe and Mail and The Toronto Telegram newspapers.

Entry to politics
Drew was elected mayor of the City of Guelph in 1925 after he had served as an alderman. In 1929, he left to become assistant master and then master of the Supreme Court of Ontario. As a practising lawyer, he was in 1931 appointed as the first chairman of the Ontario Securities Commission by the provincial Conservative government and was fired by the Liberal government of the colourful Mitch Hepburn, who had come power as a result of the 1934 provincial election. Drew ran for the leadership of the nearly-moribund Conservative Party of Ontario at the 1936 Conservative leadership convention. He lost to William Earl Rowe, who appointed Drew to the position of provincial organizer for the party.

Drew broke with the Conservatives, however, when they opposed Hepburn's attempt to crush the Congress of Industrial Organizations attempt to unionize General Motors in Oshawa. Drew ran as an Independent Conservative in Wellington South during the 1937 provincial election but was defeated, along with the Conservatives. Rowe failed to win a seat in the legislature and consequently resigned as party leader. Drew ran again for the Conservative leadership in 1938, this time successfully, and entered the Legislative Assembly of Ontario at a 1939 by-election as the Member of Provincial Parliament for Simcoe East. In the 1943 provincial election, he was elected in the Toronto riding of High Park.

The Liberal government went through a series of crises during World War II because of Hepburn's feud with Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and his Liberal Party of Canada. The crises led to Hepburn's resignation.

Premier of Ontario
In the 1943 provincial election, the Tories, now called the "Progressive Conservatives", won a minority government, narrowly beating the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) led by Ted Jolliffe. (Jolliffe and Drew had attended the same high school in Guelph, Ontario, the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute).

First term

Drew won by responding to the mood of the times, and running on a relatively left-wing platform, promising such radical reforms as free dental care and Medicare. His government did not implement much of its promised platform (including Medicare or denticare), but it established the basis for the Tory regimes that followed by trying to steer a moderate course.

Education

His government introduced the Drew Regulation in 1944, which made it compulsory for Ontario schools to provide one hour of religious instruction a week. By religious instruction, Drew meant the "instruction in the tenets of the Christian faith", a measure that was considered to be anti-Semitic by Ontario's Jewish community. Rabbi Abraham Feinberg led the opposition to the Drew regulation and said that it was "undemocratic, imperiling the separation of Church and State, and leading to disunity in society."

Relationship with federal government

Drew was strident in his criticism of the federal government of Mackenzie King, attacked its leadership in the Canadian war effort, chastised it during the Conscription Crisis of 1944 for not instituting full conscription, and accused it of attempting to centralize power.

1945 election

During the spring 1945 Ontario election, Drew ran a red-baiting campaign against the CCF's Ontario section. The previous two years of anti-socialist attacks by the Conservatives and their supporters, like Gladstone Murray and Montague A. Sanderson, were devastatingly effective against the previously popular CCF. Much of the source material for the anti-CCF campaign came from the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP)'s Special Investigation Branch's agent D-208: Captain William J. Osbourne-Dempster. His office was supposed to be investigating wartime fifth column saboteurs. Instead, starting in November 1943, he was investigating, almost exclusively, Ontario opposition MPPs and mainly focused on the CCF caucus.  The fact that Jolliffe knew about these 'secret' investigations as early as February 1944 led to one of the most infamous incidents in 20th-century Canadian politics.

The accusation led to Drew ordering the LeBel Royal Commission to investigate the charges made by Jolliffe. The charges stemmed from Ontario's Official Opposition Leader Jolliffe, during the election campaign. He made the allegations during a campaign radio speech on 24 May 1945. Drew announced in a radio speech on 26 May that he would call an inquiry, and he appointed Mr. Justice A. M. LeBel to lead the commission on 28 May. Jolliffe and the Liberal leader, Mitchell Hepburn, made offers to withhold from electioneering and have the commission report before the election. Drew refused to postpone the election or to speed up the commission process. The commission began hearings on 20 June 1945, and heard final arguments on 20 July 1945. The report was issued on 11 October 1945, with LeBel agreeing with much of what Jolliffe charged but ultimately ruling that the Premier did not have a secret political police reporting to him, mainly due to the lack of direct documented evidence. In the late 1970s, that documented evidence was found, but the provincial government at the time considered the case closed.

The Conservatives got their majority, as they crushed the CCF on 4 June 1945. Drew's party won 66 out the 90 seats in the legislature and reduced Jolliffe's CCF to just 8 seats, which also meant that it was no longer the Official Opposition. Drew won 20 seats from the CCF directly, including Jolliffe's. The "Gestapo" claims against Drew seemed to do little, if any damage, and the CCF got nearly the same percentage in the popular vote as had been predicted by a Gallup poll one month earlier.

Second term

Hydro
Drew's government insisted on spending $400 million in a ten-year program to convert Ontario's electricity system from 25 cycles per second (hertz) to 60, which would standardize it with the rest of North America. The standardization allowed the province to join the North American power grid to easily import and export electricity, a prerequisite for the province's industrial development.

Immigration

Drew also helped spur postwar immigration to Ontario from 1947 to 1948 by setting up immigration offices throughout the United Kingdom and initiating cheap charter flights to bring an estimated 20,000 British immigrants to the province in what has been called the world's first mass migration by air. Drew, a committed British imperialist, focussed on attracting British immigrants because he felt they were "the right class of people" to bring to Canada.

Spending

Drew's government also increased funding for roads and highways and also increased funding for schools by increasing the provincial government's share for education spending from 15% to 50%. Through a government that made investments to modernize Ontario, Drew laid the basis for the province's postwar industrial expansion and for a Progressive Conservative dynasty that lasted 42 years and saw six successive Progressive Conservative premiers.

1948 election
While the Tories won a majority in the legislature in the 1948 election, Drew himself was defeated in his High Park electoral district, in west-end Toronto, by the CCFer and temperance crusader William "Temperance Willie" Temple, who had targeted Drew over his softening of Ontario's liquour laws by legalizing cocktail bars in Ontario. Drew blamed a supposed future communist takeover of Ontario on the failure of Ontarians to re-elect him.

Federal politics
While it would have been easy enough for Drew to re-enter the legislature by running in a by-election, Drew decided to enter federal politics.  "Colonel Drew" (as he liked to be called) won the 1948 federal Progressive Conservative leadership convention, defeating John Diefenbaker on the first ballot.

Progressive Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) George Russell Boucher resigned his Carleton seat so that Drew could then contest it in a by-election in order to enter the House of Commons. The federal Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was determined to defeat him, so they ran Eugene Forsey as their candidate. Bill Temple was brought up from Toronto to appear at a political meeting in Richmond, Ontario's Town Hall, where Forsey and Drew were speaking. He accused the Tory leader of being "a tool of the liquor interests" and also made suggestions about Drew's sobriety.  Throughout the evening Drew grew more red-faced and explosive every time Temple spoke. Finally, after Drew misheard Temple calling him dishonest, the two men were restrained before they could come to physical blows with each other. A riot was barely averted, and the meeting had to be terminated. On December 20, 1948, Drew soundly defeated Forsey by over 8,000 votes — forcing the CCF candidate to lose his deposit — and went on to sit in Parliament. As leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party and now an MP, he became Leader of the Opposition.

In the 1949 and 1953 federal elections, Drew's Tories were defeated handily by the Liberals, led by Louis St. Laurent. As a federal politician, Drew alienated potential supporters in Quebec when it was remembered that he had called French-Canadians a "defeated race". This rhetoric may not have been as damaging among some English-Canadian voters when he had been a provincial politician, but it was now used against him by his federal opponents. His support for conscription during World War II also hurt his prospects among French-Canadian voters. He ran against Forsey again in the Carleton district and defeated him by an even wider margin on June 27, 1949.

Drew led the PCs into one more general election in 1953, with slightly better results than the previous election. In poor health following a nearly fatal attack of meningitis, Drew resigned as Progressive Conservative leader on September 21 1956, and was succeeded by John Diefenbaker. On 12 December 1956 he received the Key to the City of Ottawa.

Later life
From 1957 to 1964 he served as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and meanwhile worked with the newspaper baron and fellow Canadian Lord Beaverbrook in an attempt to influence British public opinion against joining the European Common Market, which Drew saw as a threat to the British Commonwealth.

Drew served as the first Chancellor of the University of Guelph from 1965 to 1971. In 1967, "for his services in government," he entered the newly created Order of Canada as a Companion. In November 1972, he had a heart attack and was admitted to Wellesley Hospital on November 19. His condition worsened due to congestive heart failure, and he slipped into and out of consciousness in late December and early January. In 1973, Drew died of heart failure in his Wellesley Hospital room at 78. He requested not to receive a state funeral and had a public family funeral in Toronto. He was buried in his family's plot, next to his first wife, Fiorenza Johnson, in the Woodlawn Cemetery in Guelph.

Honorary degrees
George Drew received honorary degrees from several universities including the following:

Archives
George Drew Archives are held at Library and Archives Canada and the Archives of Ontario.

Books and articles

Electoral record (federal)

References and notes

External links

 George Alexander Drew , Canadian Encyclopedia

1894 births
1973 deaths
Canadian Anglicans
High Commissioners of Canada to the United Kingdom
Canadian military personnel of World War I
Chancellors of the University of Guelph
Companions of the Order of Canada
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Leaders of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian King's Counsel
Mayors of Guelph
Premiers of Ontario
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs
University of Toronto alumni
Upper Canada College alumni
World War II political leaders
Members of the Executive Council of Ontario
Canadian Militia officers
Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery officers
Canadian anti-communists

George A. Drew


Gump steht für:

 Ferdinand Gump (1844–1873), einer der beiden Donaumoosräuber
 Forrest Gump, Roman- und Filmfigur

Siehe auch:
 Gumpe
 Gumpp
 Kump

Gump


جبيلة الرصفة، هي بلدية تقع بدائرة عين كرمس في ولاية تيارت الجزائرية.

أصل التسمية

يرجع اسم بلدية جبيلات الرصفة إلى موقعها القائم بين تلال وجبال صغيرة مرصوفة الحجارة
ويقال حجارتها صلبة رصفت بعضهاإلى بعض وبناء عليه سميت جبيلات الرصفة.

تاريخها

كانت البلدية عبارة عن شعاب ووديان سكنتها أقوام كثيرة تمتد إلى العهد الروماني، آخر من قطنها هم العكرميون.

موقعها الجغرافي

تقع البلدية في الجنوب الغربي لولاية تيارت حيث تبعد عنها بحوالي 80 كلم، وعن مقر دائرة عين كرمس 28 كلم، وعن الجزائر العاصمة 567 كلم،

تحدها من الشرق بلدية عين كرمس، ومن الغرب ولاية سعيدة، ومن الجنوب بلدية مادنة، ومن الشمال بلديتي عين الحديد وتخمارت.

مناخها

مناخها حار وجاف صيفاً وبارداً وممطراً شتاءً.

سكانها

بلغ عدد سكانها 4930 نسمة حسب الإحصاء لسنة 2008.

إيرادات البلدية

تعدّ إيرادات البلدية قليلة جداً تتمثل في كراء مساكنها والمحلات التجارية وفواتير الماء ومن خلال مساعدات حكومية إضافة إلى الضرائب على الحفلات والأعراس.

وأما الزراعة في البلدية فيعتمد معظم مواطنيها على النشاط الفلاحي خاصة بمناطق القعدة والزرزور والبغيلة بالإضافة إلى منطقة عين داز نظرا لسهوبها الخصبة.

كما تعدّ البلدية منطقة سياحية لاحتوائها على عدة معالم أثرية بالإضافة إلى مناطق ذات طابع سياحي منها منطقة داز والزرزور وكذلك منطقة البغيلة التي توجد بها غابة كثيفة ومناطق خضراء خلابة

مصادر

 دائرة عين كرمس - الموقع الرسمي لولاية تيارت

جبيلة الرصفة

جبيلة الرصفاء