This is a list of the bird species recorded in Japan. The avifauna of Japan include a total of 728 species, of which 19 are endemic, and 30 have been introduced by humans.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.

The following tags highlight several categories of occurrence other than regular migrants and non-endemic residents.

(A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Japan (also called a vagrant)
(E) Endemic – a species endemic to Japan
(I) Introduced – a species introduced to Japan as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Lesser whistling duck, Dendrocygna javanica
Bar-headed goose, Anser indicus (A)
Emperor goose, Anser canagicus (A)
Snow goose, Anser caerulescens (A)
Greylag goose, Anser anser (A)
Swan goose, Anser cygnoides (A)
Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus (A)
Taiga bean-goose, Anser fabalis
Tundra bean-goose, Anser serrirostris
Brant, Branta bernicla
Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii
Canada goose, Branta canadensis (A)
Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis (A)
Mute swan, Cygnus olor (I)
Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator (A)
Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus
Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea (A)
Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
Crested shelduck, Tadorna cristata
Cotton pygmy-goose, Nettapus coromandelianus (A)
Mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa
Garganey, Spatula querquedula
Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors (A)
Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
Gadwall, Mareca strepera
Falcated duck, Mareca falcata
Eurasian wigeon, Marecca penelope
American wigeon, Mareca americana (A)
Philippine duck, Anas luzonica (A)
Eastern spot-billed duck, Anas zonorhyncha
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
Northern pintail, Anas acuta
Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina (A)
Canvasback, Aythya valisineria (A)
Redhead, Aythya americana (A)
Common pochard, Aythya ferina
Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris (A)
Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca (A)
Baer's pochard, Aythya baeri
Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
Greater scaup, Aythya marila
Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis (A)
Steller's eider, Polysticta stelleri
King eider, Somateria spectabilis (A)
Common eider, Somateria mollissima (A)
Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata (A)
White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi (A)
Stejneger's scoter, Melanitta stejnegeri
Black scoter, Melanitta americana
Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola (A)
Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
Smew, Mergellus albellus
Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus (A)
Common merganser, Mergus merganser
Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
Scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus (A)

Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Hazel grouse, Tetrastes bonasia
Rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta
Copper pheasant, Phasianus soemmerringi (E)
Green pheasant, Phasianus versicolor (E)
Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus (I)
Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica
Chinese bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola thoracicus (I)
Taiwan bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola sonorivox (I)

Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
Stock dove, Columba oenas (A)
Japanese wood-pigeon, Columba janthina
Ryūkyū pigeon, Columba jouyi (E) (extinct)
Bonin pigeon, Columba versicolor (E) (extinct)
Oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia orientalis
Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocta
Red collared-dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica (A)
Asian emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica
White-bellied green-pigeon, Treron sieboldii
Whistling green-pigeon, Treron formosae
Black-chinned fruit-dove, Ptilinopus leclancheri (A)

Sandgrouse
Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)

Bustards
Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

Great bustard, Otis tarda (A)
Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax (A)

Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

Lesser coucal, Centropus bengalensis (A)
Chestnut-winged cuckoo, Clamator coromandus (A)
Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus (A)
Long-tailed koel, Urodynamis taitensis (A)
Plaintive cuckoo, Cacomantis merulinus (A)
Large hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx sparverioides (A)
Northern hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx hyperythrus
Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus (A)
Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus

Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

Gray nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka

Swifts
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
Himalayan swiftlet, Aerodramus brevirostris (A)
Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
House swift, Apus nipalensis

Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Brown-cheeked rail, Rallus indicus
Corn crake, Crex crex (A)
Slaty-breasted rail, Lewinia striata (A)
Okinawa rail, Gallirallus okinawae (E)
Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
White-browed crake, Poliolimnas cinereus (Ex)
Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
Slaty-legged crake, Rallina eurizonoides
Ruddy-breasted crake, Zapornia fusca
Band-bellied crake, Zapornia paykullii (A)
Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla (A)
Swinhoe's rail, Coturnicops exquisitus (A)

Cranes
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo (A)
Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus (A)
Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis (A)
White-naped crane, Antigone vipio
Common crane, Grus grus
Hooded crane, Grus monacha
Red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis

Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus (A)
Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta (A)

Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus

Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria (A)
American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (A)
Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
Gray-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus
Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultti
Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus (A)
Long-billed plover, Charadrius placidus
Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus (A)
Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus (A)

Painted-snipes
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored.

Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

Jacanas
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus (A)

Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Bristle-thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis (A)
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Little curlew, Numenius minutus (A)
Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris (A)
Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica (A)
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
Red knot, Calidris canutus
Ruff, Calidris pugnax
Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus (A)
Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
Spoon-billed sandpiper, Calidris pygmea (A)
Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Dunlin, Calidris alpina
Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis
Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (A)
Little stint, Calidris minuta (A)
Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla (A)
White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (A)
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri (A)
Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus (A)
Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus (A)
Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (A)
Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
Amami woodcock, Scolopax mira (E)
Solitary snipe, Gallinago solitaria
Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura
Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor (A)
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius (A)
Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes
Wandering tattler, Tringa incana (A)
Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca (A)
Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
Nordmann's greenshank, Tringa guttifer (A)
Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (A)
Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
Common redshank, Tringa totanus

Buttonquails
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator

Pratincoles and coursers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum

Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

Auks, murres, and puffins
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Dovekie, Alle alle (A)
Common murre, Uria aalge
Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia
Razorbill, Alca torda (A)
Pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba
Spectacled guillemot, Cepphus carbo
Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix
Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus
Japanese murrelet, Synthliboramphus wumizusume
Parakeet auklet, Aethia psittacula
Least auklet, Aethia pusilla
Whiskered auklet, Aethia pygmaea (A)
Crested auklet, Aethia cristatella
Rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata
Horned puffin, Fratercula corniculata (A)
Tufted puffin, Fratercula cirrhata

Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
Red-legged kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris (A)
Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea (A)
Sabine's gull, Xema sabini (A)
Saunders's gull, Saundersilarus saundersi
Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei (A)
Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia (A)
Silver gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (A)
Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Brown-headed gull, Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (A)
Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea (A)
Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (A)
Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
Relict gull, Ichthyaetus relictus (A)
Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (A)
Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris
Common gull, Larus canus
Short-billed gull, Larus brachyrhynchus (A)
Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis (A)
Herring gull, Larus argentatus
Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans (A)
Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (A)
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (A)
Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus
Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens
Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus
Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
Black noddy, Anous minutus (A)
Blue-gray noddy, Anous ceruleus (A)
White tern, Gygis alba (A)
Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
Gray-backed tern, Onychoprion lunatus (A)
Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
Aleutian tern, Onychoprion aleuticus (A)
Little tern, Sternula albifrons
Least tern, Sternula antillarum (A)
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (A)
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia (A)
Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana
Common tern, Sterna hirundo
Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea (A)
Greater crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis (A)
Chinese crested tern, Thalasseus bernsteini (A)

Tropicbirds
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)
Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda

Loons
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
Arctic loon, Gavia arctica
Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
Common loon, Gavia immer (A)
Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii

Albatrosses
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis
Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes
Short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus

Southern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)

Northern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Fork-tailed storm-petrel, Hydrobates furcatus
Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous
Swinhoe's storm-petrel, Hydrobates monorhis
Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro
Matsudaira's storm-petrel, Hydrobates matsudairae
Tristram's storm-petrel, Hydrobates tristrami

Shearwaters and petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
Kermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta (A)
Murphy's petrel, Pterodroma ultima (A)
Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri (A)
Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata (A)
Juan Fernández petrel, Pterodroma externa (A)
Hawaiian petrel, Pterodroma sandwichensis (A)
White-necked petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis (A)
Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca
Black-winged petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis (A)
Stejneger's petrel, Pterodroma longirostris (A)
Bulwer's petrel, Bulweria bulwerii
Tahiti petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata (A)
Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus (A)
Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes
Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri (A)
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea
Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris
Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis (A)
Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (A)
Bannerman's shearwater, Puffinus bannermani
Newell's shearwater, Puffinus newelli (A)
Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani
Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni

Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Black stork, Ciconia nigra (A)
Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana

Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)

Boobies and gannets
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
Nazca booby, Sula granti (A)
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
Red-footed booby, Sula sula

Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colorful.

Red-faced cormorant, Urile urile
Pelagic cormorant, Urile pelagicus
Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
Japanese cormorant, Phalacrocorax capillatus

Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus (A)
Spot-billed pelican, Pelecanus philippensis (A)
Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus (A)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
Schrenk's bittern, Ixobrychus eurythmus
Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis (A)
Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
Great egret, Ardea alba
Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
Chinese egret, Egretta eulophotes
Little egret, Egretta garzetta
Pacific reef-heron, Egretta sacra
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
Indian pond-heron, Ardeola grayii (A)
Chinese pond-heron, Ardeola bacchus
Javan pond-heron, Ardeola speciosa (A)
Striated heron, Butorides striata
Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
Nankeen night-heron, Nycticorax caledonicus (extirpated)
Japanese night-heron, Gorsachius goisagi
Malayan night heron, Gorsachius melanolophus

Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus (A)
Crested ibis, Nipponia nippon (reintroduced)
Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
Black-faced spoonbill, Platalea minor

Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus (A)
Oriental honey-buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus (A)
Crested serpent-eagle, Spilornis cheela
Mountain hawk-eagle, Nisaetus nipalensis
Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga (A)
Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca (A)
Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos (A)
Gray-faced buzzard, Butastur indicus
Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus (A)
Eastern marsh-harrier, Circus spilonotus
Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus
Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius (A)
Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus (A)
Pied harrier, Circus melanoleucos (A)
Chinese sparrowhawk, Accipiter soloensis
Japanese sparrowhawk, Accipiter gularis
Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
Black kite, Milvus migrans
Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus (A)
Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (A)
White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
Steller's sea-eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus
Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
Eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus
Upland buzzard, Buteo hemilasius (A)

Barn-owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris (A)

Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

The owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Collared scops-owl, Otus lettia (A)
Japanese scops-owl, Otus semitorques
Ryūkyū scops-owl, Otus elegans
Oriental scops-owl, Otus sunia
Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo (A)
Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus (A)
Blakiston's fish-owl, Ketupa blakistoni
Ural owl, Strix uralensis
Long-eared owl, Asio otus
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus
Northern boobook, Ninox japonica

Hoopoes
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a long crest on their head, the plumage of which sweeps backward at rest but can be flexed to an erect position.

Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher, Ceyx erithaca (A)
Ruddy kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda
White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (A)
Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata (A)
Guam kingfisher, Todirhamphus cinnamominus (extirpated)
Ryukyu kingfisher, Todiramphus cinnamominus miyakoensis (extinct)
Collared kingfisher, Todirhamphus chloris (A)
Crested kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris

Bee-eaters
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

 Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus (A)
 Rainbow bee-eater, Merops ornatus (A)

Rollers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis

Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus (A)
Japanese pygmy woodpecker, Yungipicus kizuki
Rufous-bellied woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus (A)
Okinawa woodpecker, Dendrocopos noguchii (E)
White-backed woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
Amami woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos owstoni (E)
Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
Lesser spotted woodpecker, Dryobates minor
Japanese woodpecker, Picus awokera (E)
Gray-headed woodpecker, Picus canus
White-bellied woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis (A)
Black woodpecker, Dryocopus martius

Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni (A)
Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
Amur falcon, Falco amurensis (A)
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
Saker falcon, Falco cherrug (A)
Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

Old World parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from  to  in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria (I)
Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
Red-breasted Parakeet, Psittacula alexandri (I)
Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (I)

Pittas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many, but not all, are brightly colored. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.

Fairy pitta, Pitta nympha
Hooded pitta, Pitta sordida (A)

Cuckooshrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored.

Ryūkyū minivet, Pericrocotus tegimae (E)
Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
Black-winged cuckooshrike, Lalage melaschistos (A)

Old World orioles
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colorful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis

Woodswallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-colored passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.

White-breasted woodswallow, Artamus leucorhynchus (A)

Drongos
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus (A)
Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus (A)
Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus (A)

Monarch flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by gleaning, hovering or flycatching.

Black-naped monarch, Hypothymis azurea (A)
Japanese paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone atrocaudata

Shrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

Tiger shrike, Lanius tigrinus
Bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus
Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus (A)
Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus
Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach (A)
Northern shrike, Lanius borealis
Chinese gray shrike, Lanius sphenocercus (A)

Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius
Lidth's jay, Garrulus lidthi (E)
Azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyana
Oriental magpie, Pica serica
Eurasian nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes
Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula (A)
Daurian jackdaw, Corvus dauuricus
Rook, Corvus frugilegus
Carrion crow, Corvus corone
Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
Common raven, Corvus corax

Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Coal tit, Periparus ater
Yellow-bellied tit, Periparus venustulus (A)
Iriomote tit, Sittiparus olivaceus (E)
Varied tit, Sittiparus varius
Owston's tit, Sittiparus owstoni (E)
Marsh tit, Poecile palustris
Willow tit, Poecile montanus
Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus (A)
Japanese tit, Parus minor

Penduline-tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

Chinese penduline-tit, Remiz consobrinus

Larks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris (A)
Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla (A)
Mongolian short-toed lark, Calandrella dukhunensis (A)
Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata (A)
Mongolian lark, Melanocorypha mongolica (A)
Asian short-toed lark, Alaudala cheleensis (A)
Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
Japanese skylark, Alauda arvensis japonica (E)

Bearded reedling
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Panuridae

A single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family.

Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus (A)

Cisticolas and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or gray appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

Plain prinia, Prinia inornata (A)
Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis

Reed warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Thick-billed warbler, Arundinax aedon (A)
Booted warbler, Iduna caligata (A)
Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina (A)
Black-browed reed warbler, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps
Streaked reed warbler, Acrocephalus sorghophilus (A)
Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (A)
Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (A)
Manchurian reed warbler, Acrocephalus tangorum (A)
Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis

Grassbirds and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Sakhalin grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes amnicola
Marsh grassbird, Helopsaltes pryeri
Pallas's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes certhiola (A)
Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes ochotensis
Pleske's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes pleskei
Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata

Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (A)
Gray-throated martin, Riparia chinensis (A)
Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitica
Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum (A)
Asian house-martin, Delichon dasypus

Bulbuls
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colorful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (I)
Light-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis
Brown-eared bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis

Leaf warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (A)
Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
Chinese leaf warbler, Phylloscopus yunnanensis (A)
Pallas's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (A)
Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi (A)
Tickell's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus affinis (A)
Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus (A)
Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita (A)
Eastern crowned warbler, Phylloscopus coronatus
Ijima's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus ijimae
Two-barred warbler, Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus (A)
Pale-legged leaf warbler, Phylloscopus tenellipes (A)
Sakhalin leaf warbler, Phylloscopus borealoides
Japanese leaf warbler, Phylloscopus xanthodryas
Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
Kamchatka leaf warbler, Phylloscopus examinandus
Sulphur-breasted warbler, Phylloscopus ricketti (A)
Claudia's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus claudiae (A)

Bush warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.

Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
Japanese bush warbler, Horornis diphone
Manchurian bush warbler, Horornis borealis (A)

Long-tailed tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca (A)
Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis (A)

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

Bonin white-eye, Apalopteron familiare (E)
Chestnut-flanked white-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus (A)
Warbling white-eye, Zosterops japonicus

Laughingthrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.

Red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea (I)
Chinese hwamei, Garrulax canorus (I)
Moustached laughingthrush, Ianthocincla cineracea (I)

Kinglets
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.

Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula (A)
Goldcrest, Regulus regulus

Nuthatches
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Eurasian nuthatch, Sitta europaea

Treecreepers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Eurasian treecreeper, Certhia familiaris

Wrens
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes

Dippers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

Brown dipper, Cinclus pallasii

Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Asian glossy starling, Aplonis panayensis (A)
European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)
Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus (A)
Chestnut-cheeked starling, Agropsar philippensis
Siamese pied starling, Gracupica floweri; (I)
White-shouldered starling, Sturnia sinensis
Red-billed starling, Spodiopsar sericeus (A)
White-cheeked starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus
Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
Bank myna, Acridotheres ginginianus (I)
Javan myna, Acridotheres javanicus (A)
Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus (I)

Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

White's thrush, Zoothera aurea
Scaly thrush, Zoothera dauma
Amami thrush, Zoothera major (E)
Bonin thrush, Zoothera terrestris (E) extinct
Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus (A)
Siberian thrush, Geokichla sibirica
Chinese thrush, Turdus mupinensis (A)
Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus (A)
Song thrush, Turdus philomelos (A)
Redwing, Turdus iliacus (A)
Chinese blackbird, Turdus mandarinus (A)
American robin, Turdus migratorius (A)
Japanese thrush, Turdus cardis
Gray-backed thrush, Turdus hortulorum (A)
Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus
Brown-headed thrush, Turdus chrysolaus
Izu thrush, Turdus celaenops (E)
Pale thrush, Turdus pallidus
Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (A)
Black-throated thrush, Turdus atrogularis (A)
Red-throated thrush, Turdus ruficollis (A)
Dusky thrush, Turdus eunomus
Naumann's thrush, Turdus naumanni (A)

Old World flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Gray-streaked flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta
Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica
Ferruginous flycatcher, Muscicapa ferruginea (A)
Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica
Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (A)
Fujian niltava, Niltava davidi (A)
Vivid niltava, Niltava vivida (A)
Blue-and-white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana
Zappey's flycatcher, Cyanoptila cumatilis (A)
Verditer flycatcher, Eumyias thalassinus (A)
European robin, Erithacus rubecula (A)
Rufous-tailed robin, Larvivora sibilans
Japanese robin, Larvivora akahige
Izu robin, Larvivora tanensis (E)
Ryūkyū robin, Larvivora komadori (E)
Okinawa robin, Larvivora namiyei (E)
Siberian blue robin, Larvivora cyane
Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica (A)
Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope
Himalayan rubythroat, Calliope pectoralis (A)
Chinese rubythroat, Calliope tschebaiewi (A)
White-tailed robin, Myiomela leucura (A)
Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus
Yellow-rumped flycatcher, Ficedula zanthopygia
Green-backed flycatcher, Ficedula elisae (A)
Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina
Ryukyu flycatcher, Ficedula owstoni
Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki
Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (A)
Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva (A)
European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca (A)
Blue-fronted redstart, Phoenicurus frontalis (A)
Plumbeous redstart, Phoenicurus fuliginosus (A)
Rufous-backed redstart, Phoenicurus erythronotus (A)
Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus (A)
Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros (A)
Daurian redstart, Phoenicurus auroreus
White-throated rock-thrush, Monticola gularis (A)
Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra (A)
Amur stonechat, Saxicola stejnegeri
Pied bushchat, Saxicola caprata (A)
Gray bushchat, Saxicola ferreus (A)
Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)
Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina (A)
Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti (A)
Eastern black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe melanoleuca (A)
Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka (A)

Waxwings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests.

Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica

Weavers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae

Weavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical Asia. Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make. They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially.

Lesser masked-weaver, Ploceus intermedius (I)
Northern red bishop, Euplectes franciscanus (I)

Waxbills and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora (I)
Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I)
White-rumped munia, Lonchura striata (I)
Chestnut munia, Lonchura atricapilla (I)
White-headed munia, Lonchura maja (I)
Orange-cheeked waxbill, Estrilda melpoda (I)
Black-rumped waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes (I)
Red avadavat, Amandava amandava (I)

Indigobirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae

The Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to Africa that includes indigobirds and whydahs. All species are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. Species usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage.

Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura (I)
Eastern paradise-whydah, Vidua paradisaea (I)

Accentors
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.

Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris
Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella (A)
Japanese accentor, Prunella rubida

Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

House sparrow, Passer domesticus (A)
Russet sparrow, Passer cinnamomeus
Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus

Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus (A)
Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava (A)
Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis
Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola (A)
Japanese wagtail, Motacilla grandis
White wagtail, Motacilla alba
Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii (A)
Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis (A)
Rosy pipit, Anthus roseatus (A)
Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis (A)
Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi (A)
Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta (A)
American pipit, Anthus spinoletta

Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs (A)
Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Yellow-billed grosbeak, Eophona migratoria
Japanese grosbeak, Eophona personata
Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus (A)
Bonin grosbeak, Carpodacus ferreorostris (E) extinct
Long-tailed rosefinch, Carpodacus sibiricus
Pallas's rosefinch, Carpodacus roseus
Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Asian rosy-finch, Leucosticte arctoa
Oriental greenfinch, Chloris sinica
Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea
Hoary redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni (A)
Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera (A)
Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus

Longspurs and snow buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis

Old World buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

Crested bunting, Emberiza lathami (A)
Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala (A)
Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps (A)
Chestnut-eared bunting, Emberiza fucata
Meadow bunting, Emberiza cioides
Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella (A)
Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos
Gray-necked bunting, Emberiza buchanani (A)
Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana (A)
Yellow-throated bunting, Emberiza elegans
Ochre-rumped bunting, Emberiza yessoensis
Pallas's bunting, Emberiza pallasi (A)
Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus
Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola
Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla
Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica
Yellow bunting, Emberiza sulphurata
Masked bunting, Emberiza personata
Chestnut bunting, Emberiza rutila
Yellow-browed bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys
Tristram's bunting, Emberiza tristrami
Gray bunting, Emberiza variabilis

New World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca (A)
White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys (A)
Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla (A)
Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (A)
Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia (A)

New World warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas (A)
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia (A)
Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata (A)
Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla (A)

Tanagers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar.

Red-crested cardinal, Paroaria coronata (I)

See also
 Lists of birds by region
 List of animals in Japan

References

Japan
Japan
Birds
'

List of birds of Japan


Tamguinguante est un village du Maroc dans la province d'Al Haouz sur la commune de Zerkten. En 2004 sa population était de .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Ville dans la région Marrakech-Safi

Tamguinguante


ඩිමොක්‍රටික් රිනුවල් (ඩීඅයිඒඑන්ඒ, ග්‍රීක: Δημοκρατική Ανανέωση (ΔΗ.ΑΝΑ.), ඩිමොක්‍රටිකී අනානේයොසී) යනු,  1985 සැප්තැම්බර් 6 දිනදී කොන්ස්තන්තීනුස් ස්ටෙෆනොපුලෝස් විසින් ඇරඹුනු ග්‍රීක දේශපාලන පක්ෂයකි.  1994 ජූනි මාසය දක්වා පැවතීමට එය සමත් විය.

වෙනත් පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන් 15 දෙනෙකු හා සමගින්, 1985 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී,  නිව් ඩිමොක්‍රසි පක්ෂයෙන්  ස්ටෙෆනොපුලෝස් ඉවත් වූයේ කොන්ස්තන්තීනුස් මිට්සොටයිකිස් හා සමගින් පැවති ආරාවුලක් නිසාවෙනි.1989 (ජූනි) මැතිවරණයේදී එක් ආසනයක්ද  1990 මැතිවරණයේදී එක් ආසනයක්ද වශයෙන් හිමි කර ගැනීමට පක්ෂය සමත් විය.

මැතිවරණ ප්‍රතිඵල

 1985 වසරෙහිදී සංස්ථාපිත දේශපාලන පක්ෂ
ග්‍රීසියෙහි ගතානුගතික පක්ෂ
 1994 වසරෙහිදී විසංස්ථාපිත දේශපාලන පක්ෂ
ග්‍රීසිය තුල අක්‍රීය දේශපාලන පක්ෂ
ග්‍රීසිය තුල 1985 වසරෙහි සංස්ථාපනයන්

ඩිමොක්‍රටික් රිනුවල්


Akad İmparatorluğu veya Akkad İmparatorluğu, uzun ömürlü Sümer uygarlığından sonra Mezopotamya'nın ilk antik imparatorluğuydu. Merkezi, Akad şehri ve çevresindeydi. İmparatorluk, Mezopotamya, Levant ve Anadolu'da nüfuz sahibi oldu ve Arap Yarımadası'nda Dilmun ve Magan'a (günümüz Suudi Arabistan, Bahreyn ve Umman) kadar güneye askerî seferler düzenledi.

Akad İmparatorluğu, kurucusu Akkadlı Sargon'un fetihlerinin ardından MÖ 24. ve 22. yüzyıllar arasında siyasi zirvesine ulaştı. Sargon ve ardılları altında, Akad dili zamanla Elam ve Gutium gibi komşu fethedilen devletlere empoze edildi. Akad tarihteki ilk imparatorluk olarak kabul edilir ancak bu kesin değildir ve daha önce de Sümerler vardır.

Tarihçesi
Akadlar ile ilgili bilgiler, Susa, Gasur, Mari ve Tell Brak kazılarında bulunmuştur. Akad devletini kuran ve imparatorluk hâline getiren kişi Sargon'dur. Sargon hakkında Akad dönemi belgelerinde ve bu belgelerin daha sonraki dönemlerdeki kopyalarında bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Sargon ve torunu Naram Sin'e ait zafer anıtları, Manishistu Obeliski ve Şartamhari gibi Akad dönemine ait belgeler bulunmaktadır. Şartamhani metinlerinde, Sargon ve torunu Naram-Sin'in seferlerine yer verilmektedir.

Sargon Dönemi
Sargon (MÖ 2334 - MÖ 2279), Mezopotamya'da siyasi birliği sağlamıştır. Bu yüzden, Sargon'a Şar Kişşati (Kiş Kralı) unvanı verilmiştir. Sargon, hükümdarlığı döneminde Elamlılarla vasallık antlaşması yaparak doğudan gelecek saldırıları güvence altına almıştı. Doğudaki bu güvenliği sağladıktan sonra, batıya bir sefer yapıp Amanos ve Toroslar'a kadar olan bölgeyi ele geçirdi. Fırat kenarındaki Tuttul kentiyle birlikte, Mari, Ebla ve Dür-Katlimmu kentlerini hâkimiyeti altına aldı. Şartamhari metinlerinde Sargon'un Puruşhanda'ya bir sefer yaptığı görülür. Sargon'un kurmuş olduğu dünyanın bilinen ilk imparatorluğunun sınırları, doğuda Karun Irmağı'ndan, batıda Akdeniz'e, güneyde Basra Körfezi'nden, kuzeyde Anadolu'ya kadar uzanmaktaydı. Sargon'un Rimus ve Manishistu adında iki oğlu vardı. Sargon'un yerine önce Rimus (MÖ 2278 - 2270) ardından da Manishistu (MÖ 2269 - 2255) geçmiştir.

Naram Sin Dönemi
Naram Sin (MÖ 2254 - 2218) dedesi Sargon'un bıraktığı imparatorluğun sınırlarını koruyup genişletti. Güneyde Sümerler'e, doğuda Elamlılar'a ve kuzeyde Anadolu'ya seferler yapmıştır. Bunlardan kendisine ait Şartamhari metinlerinde, Anadolu'da 17 krallıktan oluşan bir orduya karşı savaştığını, bunlar arasında Puruşhanda, Karşaura, Kaniş gibi krallıklar olduğunu ve bu ordunun başında Hatti Kralı Pampa'nın yer aldığından söz etmektedir. Naram Sin'den sonra yerine oğlu Şar-Kali-Şarri (MÖ 2217 - 2193) geçmiştir. Şar-Kali-Şarri döneminde, ona karşı Anadolu, Elam ve Güney Mezopotamya'da ayaklanmalar olmuş ve dağ kavimleri bölgeye saldırılar düzenlemiştir.

Yıkılış
Şar-Kali-Şarri'nin ölümünden sonra dört kişi aynı anda kendilerini kral ilan etmiştir. Onlardan kimin tahtın vârisi olduğu bilinmemektedir. Babil bölgesine yaklaşık yüz yıl hâkim olan Gutiler'in kral listesi, Akad kralları listesine karışmıştır. Bu iç çekişme döneminde, Dudu (MÖ 2189 - 2168) ve Şu-Turul'un (MÖ 2168 - 2154) krallıkları görülmektedir. Dudu bir süre Gutilerle mücadele etmiş ancak yenilmekten kurtulamamıştır. Önce Orta Babil'de küçük bir toprak parçası olarak devam eden Akadlar, MÖ 2154 yılında Gutiler tarafından ortadan kaldırılmıştır.

Akad Kralları listesi

Yönetim
Akad hükümeti, gelecekteki tüm Mezopotamya devletlerinin kendilerini karşılaştırdıkları bir "klasik standart" oluşturmuştur. Geleneksel olarak "ensi", Sümer şehir devletlerinin en yüksek görevlisiydi. Daha sonraki geleneklerde, tanrıça İnanna ile evlenerek ensi olunur, bu da hükümdarlığı ilahi rıza ile meşrulaştırırdı.

Başlangıçta, monarşik lugal (lu = adam, gal = Büyük) rahip ensiye bağlıydı ve sıkıntılı zamanlarda atanırdı, ancak daha sonraki hanedan dönemlerinde, tapınak kuruluşundan bağımsız olarak kendi "é" (= ev) veya "sarayına" sahip olan lugal en üstün rol olarak ortaya çıktı. Mesalim zamanında, Kiş şehrini kontrol eden hanedan šar kiššati (= Kiş kralı) olarak tanınırdı ve muhtemelen iki nehrin birleştiği yer olması ve Kiş'i kontrol edenin sonuçta nehrin aşağısındaki diğer şehirlerin sulama sistemlerini kontrol etmesi nedeniyle Sümer'de üstün kabul edilirdi.

Sargon fetihlerini "Aşağı Deniz "den (Basra Körfezi), "Yukarı Deniz "e (Akdeniz) kadar genişlettikçe, çağdaş metinlerde ifade edildiği gibi, "göğün altındaki toprakların tamamına" ya da "gün doğumundan gün batımına" hükmettiği hissediliyordu. Sargon döneminde "ensi "ler genellikle konumlarını korudular, ancak daha çok eyalet valileri olarak görüldüler. "šar kiššati" unvanı "evrenin efendisi" anlamına gelecek şekilde kabul görmüştür. Sargon'un Dilmun (Bahreyn) ve Magan'a, tarihteki ilk organize askeri deniz seferlerinden biri olan deniz seferleri düzenlediği bile kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonraki belgelerde iddia edildiği gibi Kaptara (muhtemelen Kıbrıs) krallığı ile Akdeniz'de de bunu yapıp yapmadığı daha tartışmalıdır.

Sargon'un torunu Naram-Sin'de bu durum Sargon'dan daha ileri gitmiş, kral sadece "Dört Çeyreğin (Dünyanın) Efendisi" olarak adlandırılmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda kendi tapınağını kurarak "dingir" (=tanrılar) mertebesine yükselmiştir. Önceleri bir hükümdar Gılgamış gibi öldükten sonra ilahlaşabilirdi ama Naram-Sin'den itibaren Akad kralları yaşamları boyunca yeryüzündeki tanrılar olarak kabul edilmişlerdir. Portreleri onları ölümlülerden daha büyük boyutlarda ve hizmetkârlarından biraz uzakta gösteriyordu.

Hem Sargon hem de Naram-Sin'in ülkenin kontrolünü ellerinde tutmak için benimsedikleri stratejilerden biri, kızları Enheduanna ve Emmenanna'yı sırasıyla Sümer ay tanrısı Nanna'nın Akad versiyonu olan Sin'in baş rahibesi olarak Sümer'in en güneyindeki Ur'a yerleştirmek; oğullarını stratejik yerlere eyalet "ensi" valileri olarak yerleştirmek ve kızlarını İmparatorluğun çevre bölgelerindeki (Urkesh ve Marhashe) yöneticilerle evlendirmekti. Naram-Sin'in kızı Tar'am-Agade'nin Urkesh'te evlendirilmesi bu durumun iyi belgelenmiş bir örneğidir.

Brak idari kompleksindeki kayıtlar, Akadların yerel halkı vergi tahsildarı olarak atadıklarını göstermektedir.

Kültür ve Din
Akadlar egemen güç hâline gelene kadar Sümer kent kültürünü benimsemişler ve kendi katkılarıyla birlikte bu kültürün sonraki toplumlara aktarılmasında önemli rol oynamışlardır. Kültürel süreklilik bağlamında çivi yazısını benimseyerek kendi dillerine adapte etmişlerdir. Ayrıca Sümer dinini de benimsemişlerdir. Akadlar resmî devlet işlemleri ve din törenlerinde Sümerceyi kullanmayı sürdürerek geleneksel kültür oluşturmuş kurumlarla birlikte varlığını korumuştur. Okuma-yazmanın öğretildiği dinî okullar bunların başında gelmektedir. Yaklaşık olarak 1500 yıl sonra bile Yeni Asur kralı Asurbanipal kütüphanesinde Sümer dinî ve edebi metinlerini kopyalama çalışmalarını sürdürebilmiştir.

Kaynakça

Nemrud

Akad İmparatorluğu


Prijelom ima sljedeća značenja:

 u medicini također i fraktura: lom, puknuće kostiju (rebara, lubanje, udova...)
 u tiskarstvu: postupak oblikovanja stranica i araka, grafički prijelom
 u prenesenom značenju: sudbonosni trenutak u tijeku zbivanja

Prijelom


Yaren (eskiden Jarren; Makwa veya Moqua), Nauru Cumhuriyeti'nde iktidarın bulunduğu bölgedir. Nauru Adası'nın güneyinde,  enlemi ve boylamında bulunur. Bölge 1,5 km²'dir ve nüfusu 2003 yılı verilerine göre 1.100'dür. Nüfus özellikle bölgenin güneybatısındaki yerleşkede toplanmıştır. Yaren bölgesi kuzeybatıda Boe, kuzeyde Buada ve doğuda Meneng bölgelerine komşudur.

Yaren, bir başkent veya şehir değildir; çünkü Nauru Cumhuriyeti'nde resmî bir başkent veya şehir yoktur, yalnızca belirli bölgeler vardır.

Yaren'de görülecek yerler şunlardır:

 Nauru Parlamentosu
 Yönetim büroları
 Polis karakolu
 Moqua Well: Yer altındaki bir mağara ve tatlı su gölü
 'The earth station'
 Uluslararası havaalanı

Nauru coğrafyası
Okyanusya'daki başkentler

Yaren, Nauru


SS Lusitania was a Portuguese twin-screw ocean liner of 5,557 tons, built in 1906 by Sir Raylton Dixon & Co, and owned by Empresa Nacional de Navegação, of Lisbon.

The ship was wrecked on Bellows Rock off Cape Point, South Africa at 24h00 on 18 April 1911 in fog while en route from Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Mozambique, with 25 first-class, 57 second-class and 121 third-class passengers, and 475 African labourers. Out of the 774 people on board, eight died when a life boat capsized. On 20 April the ship slipped off the rock into  of water to the east of the rock. The wreck has become a fairly well known recreational dive site, but at 33 to 40 metres, it is deeper than recommended for the average recreational diver, and the currents and breakers over the reef make it a moderately challenging dive.

The sinking of Lusitania spurred the local authorities to construct a new lighthouse on the Cape Point.

References

Passenger ships of Portugal
Shipwrecks of the South African Atlantic coast
20th century in Cape Town
Maritime incidents in 1911
Ships built on the River Tees
1906 ships

SS Lusitania


Dobar posao u Italiji (1969.), film
Dobar posao u Italiji (2003.), film
Dobar posao u Italiji (videoigra, 2001.), videoigra bazirana na filmu iz 1969.
Dobar posao u Italiji (videoigra, 2003.), videoigra bazirana na filmu iz 2003.
Dobar posao u Italiji (dobrotvorni događaj), utrka Mini Morrisa i drugih automobila iz izvornog filma od UK do sjeverne Italije, održava se u dobrotvorne svrhe

Dobar posao u Italiji


Frederic Shu Kong Hsieh (, March 1, 1945–August 8, 1999) was a Chinese-born American realtor and investor who "founded" the first Chinese American suburban community of Monterey Park, California by purchasing and reselling plots of abandoned land in the city at premium prices to Chinese investors from Taiwan.  In addition, he heavily promoted Monterey Park in newspapers of Hong Kong and Taiwan to encourage prospective Chinese emigrants to move to the city.  In the early 1970s, he predicted that the then-predominantly Caucasian city of Monterey Park and the San Gabriel Valley would serve as an anchor for new ethnic Chinese immigrants as an alternative to the old Chinatown in Los Angeles, but it was immediately dismissed and brushed off as mere speculation at the time.

However, his prophetic words came true as many Hong Kong and Taiwanese immigrant elite and poverty-stricken ethnic Chinese refugees from Vietnam alike began settling in Monterey Park and in nearby Alhambra, Rosemead, and San Gabriel, California.  Additionally, many immigrants from Mainland China, who would have settled to traditional immigrant points such as San Francisco or New York City, have also arrived to Monterey Park and other parts of the San Gabriel Valley due to the work of Hsieh.  Wealthier immigrants have since moved onto San Marino (an expensive neighborhood) in large numbers during the 1980s and eventually in other communities such as Walnut and Rowland Heights thus giving rise to new suburban Chinatown areas in the Los Angeles.  By the 1980s, for the first time in US history, Monterey Park became the first suburban city with an Asian American majority population.  Hence, Hsieh is generally credited for leading the way to Chinese immigration in the Greater Los Angeles area.  This process initiated a wave of some "white flight" from then white-bread communities.

He owned and operated the prominent Chinese American realty company, Mandarin Realty, which still operates in Monterey Park.  As a developer, entrepreneur, he was also a community activist.  He left a historic mark on the city of Monterey Park and the entire region.

Hsieh died while visiting Las Vegas in 1999.

References

1945 births
1999 deaths
Chinese emigrants to the United States

Frederic Hsieh


Þúfuklukka (fræðiheiti: Campanula bellidifolia) er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Kákasus. Hún er oft talin undirtegund skálaklukku.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Þúfuklukka


Banda Mantiqueira é um grupo musical brasileiro composto por 13 integrantes e liderado pelo saxofonista e arranjador Naylor Proveta.

Histórico
Formada em 1991, a banda começou tocando em bares de São Paulo e registra apresentações em Lisboa, Cidade do Porto, Free Jazz Festival, Rio de Janeiro e EUA. Possui três álbuns gravados: Aldeia (1996), Bixiga (2000) e com a Osesp em concerto apresentado na Sala São Paulo, em dezembro de 2000, sendo o primeiro deles - o "Aldeia" - nominado ao Grammy, em 1998.

Crítica
Escrevendo para o Yahoo!, Regis Tadeu publicou uma crítica positiva à banda, à época com Mônica Salmaso, em 2012: "A união entre este ótimo grupo e a talentosa cantora tem tudo para propiciar um espetáculo irrepreensível para quem gosta de música brasileira. (...)"

Discografia

 Bixiga. Pau Brasil
 Aldeia. Pau Brasil

Bandas do Brasil

Banda Mantiqueira


إدوارد فؤاد (15 ديسمبر 1972 -)، مغني وممثل مصري.

حياته
بدأ إدوارد فؤاد حياته الفنية كمطرب مثل والده بدر فؤاد، وعازف جيتار في فرقة غناء غربية اسمها «جيبسي» ثم أنتج لنفسه عددا من الأغاني المصورة، قبل أن يلتقطه المخرج الكبير أسامة فوزي ويشركه في دور صغير بفيلمه «بحب السيما»، الذي حصد جوائز عدة وأشترك في بطولته «ليلي علوي» و«محمود حميدة» عام2004، وبعدها انطلق «ادوارد» في عالم السينما ليشارك في العديد من الأفلام.

أعمالة الفنية في مجال الغناء

أغاني منفردة
 ليندا
 لايلو
 تبعد عني
 لصالح مين
 الله يجزيك
 الله يطمن
 شاغلني بالك
 High society
 هنا
 مجاليش قلب

هي دي تيجي نحلم

عروية ياهو ازز كابوريا عندي شعرة عروسة ياهو

وأغانى الله يجازيك، هنا، مجاليش قلب، تيجى نحلم من الحان الفنان محمد نبيل

أعماله

مسلسلات
 ملف سري: 2022
 كوفيد 25: 2021.
 لؤلؤ: 2021
 نسل الأغراب:2021
 فرصة تانية: 2020
 مسلسل البرنس: 2020
 ولد الغلابة: 2019 - صدّيق
 كابتن أنوش:2017-حواكه
 طاقة القدر:2017-أبو عميرة
 لمعي القط:2017
 الزيبق:2017
 السبع صنايع:2017-ضيف شرف
 القيصر:2016-ماجد نصار
 كابتن أنوش:2017-حواكه
 طاقة القدر:2017-أبو عميرة
 لمعي القط:2017
 الزيبق:2017
 السبع صنايع:2017-ضيف شرف
 القيصر:2016-ماجد نصار
 كابتن أنوش:2017-حواكه
 طاقة القدر:2017-أبو عميرة
 لمعي القط:2017
 الزيبق:2017
 السبع صنايع:2017-ضيف شرف
 القيصر:2016-ماجد نصار
 حب على نضافة:2016 - مسرحية
 ونوس:2016-الزبون السكران - ضيف شرف
 أبو البنات:2016-صلاح
 استيفا:2015
 لما تامر ساب شوقية:2015
 ولي العهد:2015-رحمي الجهجهوني
 أنا عشقت:2014
 صاحب السعادة:2014-الشيف شلبي
 إثبات شخصيّة:2013
 أحلى أيام:2013-بشخصيته
 العيادة في التحرير:2012
 الفلتة (ج2):2012-ضيف شرف
 إبن موت:2012-دانيال
 خرم إبره:2012-عماد
 رقم مجهول:2012-سامي
 عروسة ياهووو:2012
 اغتيال شمس:2010-مسعود
 عايزة أتجوز:2010-ضيف شرف
 حواكة بوت:2009
 العيادة ج1، 2:2008، 2009-صلاح
 آن الأوان:2006-صلاح
 عبدالحميد أكاديمي:2005-مطرب

مسرحيات
 بابا جاب موز:2014-(محسوب)
 حبيبي المضروب:2013
 سكر هانم:2010-(فريد)

مسلسل إذاعي
 أزمة نفسية:2014
 عايش:2011
 أطلبيني من بابا:2009-(عبد الله)
 يا أنا يا أنت:2010-(مدحت)
 من قتل تامر وزه:2009
 حلزوني:2008
 الحلوة والكداب:2007
 صلاح الخير:2007-(سيد)

برامج

برامجه
 حيلهم بينهم من الآخر
 في الهوا سو

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من شبرا
أقباط
متسابقون في ديو المشاهير
مغنون مصريون في القرن 20
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 21
مواليد 1389 هـ
مواليد 1392 هـ
مواليد 1972
ممثلون من القاهرة
ممثلو أفلام مصريون
ممثلو تلفزيون مصريون
ممثلو مسرح مصريون

إدوارد (ممثل)


Vinhejre () er en fugleart, der lever i Østasien.

Noter
 Netfugl.dk
 Avibase - the world bird database

Fugle fra Østasien
Hejrer

Vinhejre


Le Karry K50 est un modèle de monospace compact produit par le constructeur automobile chinois Chery Automobile sous la marque Karry. C'est un concurrent du Wuling Hongguang.

Aperçu

Le K50 est un monospace à sept places disponible début 2015. Le K50 est propulsé par un moteur ACTECO de 1,5 litre, produisant 109 cv et couplé avec une transmission automatique ou manuelle à cinq vitesses. La vitesse maximale est de 155 km/h.

Références

Liens externes
 Site officiel du Karry K50

Automobile des années 2010
Monospace
Automobile Karry

Karry K50


Franz von Eick (* 1619 in Köln; † 1686 (nach anderer Quelle 1696) ebenda) war Kanoniker des Stiftes St. Gereon. Er promovierte im weltlichen und kirchlichen Recht und lehrte als Professor der juristischen Fakultät an der alten Universität zu Köln.

Leben

Jugend und Ausbildung
Franz von Eick war der Sohn des Ludger Eick und dessen Gattin Margarethe, geborene von Kreps. Franz und sein Bruder Constantin verloren 1622 ihre Eltern und die Großeltern Eick/Jabach durch die Pest. Die beiden Waisen wuchsen wahrscheinlich in einem Kölner Kloster auf und wurden durch die dortige religiöse Erziehung derart geprägt, dass beide Brüder später eine geistliche Laufbahn wählten.

Stiftsherr und Gelehrter
Franz von Eick wurde Kapitularkanoniker an St. Gereon und lehrte von 1662 bis 1686 als Professor Dr. jur. utr. in den Fächern des weltlichen und des kirchlichen Rechtes an der juristischen Fakultät der Universität, zu deren Rektor er 1685 gewählt wurde. Von Eick, wurde wohl spätestens 1663 zum Apostolischen Protonotar ernannt, da ein ihn darstellendes Gemälde, es erhielt den Titel "Franz Eick und der Tod", sein von einem Protonotarshut (hier in schwarz) bekröntes Wappen zeigt.

Am 12. Juli 1683 wurde von Eick in St. Gereon als Chorepiskopos investiert. In der Folgezeit stifteten er und seine Tante Christina Kreps, Witwe eines Kölner Bürgermeisters, der Gereonskirche eine umfangreiche Restaurierung. Zur Finanzierung der Arbeiten spendeten sie aus privatem Besitz Geld, Gold und Perlen, aber auch Zinseinkünfte, die offenbar von der Stadt Ulm an das Stift abzuführen waren, wurden durch von Eick für den neuen Glanz der Kirche eingesetzt.

Von Eick resignierte in hohem Alter als Kanoniker zugunsten des Kölner Bürgermeistersohnes Wilhelm von den Hoevel († 1714), der durch Papst Innozenz XI. mit dem Kanonikat an St. Gereon ausgestattet wurde. Weitere Stiftungen und Vermächtnisse von Eicks erhielten eine besondere Form der Aufbewahrung, ein Behälter, der als Cista Eickiana bezeichnet wurde.

Literatur
 Werner Schäfke, Kölnischer Bildersaal: Die Gemälde im Bestand des Kölnischen Stadtmuseums einschließlich der Sammlung Porz und des Kölner Gymnasial- und Stiftungsfonds.  Verlag: Köln : Kölnisches Stadtmuseum (1. Januar 2006), ISBN 3-927396-94-X
 Johann Christian Nattermann: Die Goldenen Heiligen, Geschichte des Stiftes St. Gereon zu Köln. Verlag Der Löwe, Köln 1960. Verlagsnummer: 33/III/60

Einzelnachweise

Rechtswissenschaftler (17. Jahrhundert)
Kultur (Köln)
Person (Erzbistum Köln)
Hochschullehrer (Universität zu Köln)
Deutscher
Geboren 1619
Gestorben im 17. Jahrhundert
Mann

Franz von Eick


Alojs Andritzki () a fost un preot romano-catolic german. Andritzki a fost hirotonit preot chiar înainte de începerea celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, în timpul căruia s-a manifestat ca un critic vocal al regimului nazist și al acțiunilor sale. Opoziția sa antinazistă a atras mânia autorităților germane, care l-au arestat și deportat în lagărul de concentrare de la Dachau, unde a fost ucis printr-o injecție letală.

Ceremonia solemnă de beatificare a sa a fost oficiată la Dresda în 13 iunie 2011.

Biografie
Alojs Andritzki s-a născut în 1914 ca al patrulea dintre cei șase copii ai profesorului Johann Andritzki și ai Magdalenei Ziesch. Tatăl său îi ducea pe toți copiii o dată pe lună în pelerinaj la diferite sanctuare catolice și le-a insuflat credința creștină. Aceste pelerinaje i-au determinat pe cei doi frați mai mari ai săi să devină ei înșiși preoți. A avut două surori (Marja și Marta) și trei frați (Jan, Gerard și Alfons). Primii doi frați au fost preoți, în timp ce Alfons, care era cel de-al șaselea copil și intrase în Ordinul iezuit, a murit ca soldat în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial.

În 1934 a început studii teologice la Paderborn, pe care le-a continuat la Seminarul Teologic de la Bautzen, unde a devenit diacon în 1938. Andritzki a fost hirotonit preot la 30 iulie 1939 la Bautzen de către episcopul Petrus Legge și a celebrat prima sa liturghie la Radibor în ziua de 6 august.

Preotul Andritzki a fost arestat de Gestapo la 21 ianuarie 1941 pentru că ar fi făcut "declarații ostile" împotriva regimului nazist cu prilejul unor spectacole teatrale dedicate sărbătoririi Nașterii Domnului; i-ar fi avertizat pe tinerii enoriași că vor urma vremuri grele pentru creștini. A fost interogat la 7 februarie 1941 și trimis mai întâi la centrul de detenție de la Dresda. În iulie 1941 el a fost condamnat la șase luni de închisoare din cauza "atacurilor perfide" la adresa regimului. Tatăl său a trimis o scrisoare emoționantă cancelariei Reichului de la Berlin, în care cerea eliberarea fiului său, deoarece acuzațiile împotriva lui fuseseră retrase, dar acest apel a fost ignorat. Deoarece a refuzat să coopereze cu autoritățile naziste, preotul Andritzki a fost transportat pe 2 octombrie 1941 în lagărul de concentrare de la Dachau ca deținutul nr. 27829. Era un artist și un muzician talentat și a pictat scena Nașterii Domnului pe pereții unei barăci, care a fost transformată astfel într-o capelă. De asemenea, i-a distrat pe ceilalți deținuți mergând în mâini. În perioada detenției a întâlnit doi preoți ai mișcării mariane de la Schoenstatt, Joseph Fischer și Heinz Dresbach.

Din cauza condițiilor precare de igienă și a malnutriției, s-a îmbolnăvit de febră tifoidă în preajma Crăciunului anului 1942, dar s-a prezentat la infirmerie abia la 19 ianuarie 1943. Aflat în baraca bolnavilor de febră tifoidă și simțindu-și sfârșitul, preotul Andritzki a rugat pe un gardian să-i aducă un preot care să-i dea ultima împărtășanie, dar comandantul lagărului a făcut următoarea remarcă batjocoritoare: "Îl vrea pe Cristos? Îi vom da în schimb o injecție" și a decis să-l eutanasieze. Preotul a primit o injecție letală și a murit la 3 februarie 1943 din cauza supradozei de substanțe chimice. Naziștii au susținut că a murit de febră tifoidă, ascunzând faptul că preotul a fost ucis. Rămășițele sale pământești au fost dezmembrate și apoi incinerate. Cenușa lui a fost trimisă părinților într-o urnă, care a fost îngropată la 15 aprilie 1943 în vechiul cimitir catolic din Dresda. La 5 februarie 2011 urna a fost transferată printr-o procesiune solemnă efectuată în prezența a mii de credincioși în Catedrala din Dresda. Grupul etnic sorab l-a venerat mult timp.

Beatificarea

Procesul de beatificare s-a desfășurat inițial la nivel diecezan la 1 iulie 1998 până la 22 martie 2001 în cadrul Diecezei de Dresda. Sfântul Scaun, la cererea episcopului de Dresda, a emis la 27 august 1998 autorizația nihil obstat pentru începerea procesului de beatificare. Congregația pentru Cauzele Sfinților a validat ulterior procesul diecezan după primirea cutiilor cu documentație și a primit, de asemenea, dosarul Positio de la postulator în 2003. Teologii consultanți au studiat documentația, au discutat rezultatele analizei și au dat votul afirmativ argumentării martiriului la 7 noiembrie 2009, așa cum au făcut și membrii Congregației pentru Cauzele Sfinților la 9 noiembrie 2010.

La 10 decembrie 2010 papa Benedict al XVI-lea a autorizat Congregația pentru Cauzele Sfinților să promulge decretul prin care se recunoaștea faptul că Andritzki a fost ucis "in odium fidei" ("din ură față de credință") și, prin urmare, a aprobat beatificarea sa. Cardinalul Angelo Amato a prezidat ceremonia solemnă de beatificare în numele papei, care a avut loc în 13 iunie 2011 la Dresda; au participat la acest eveniment aproximativ 11.000 de persoane, inclusiv episcopul de Dresda, Joachim Reinelt, și premierul landului Saxonia, Stanislaw Tillich.

Note

Legături externe
 Hagiography Circle
 Saints SQPN
 Santi e Beati

Nașteri în 1914
Decese în 1943
Preoți romano-catolici germani
Fericiți catolici
Oameni din Dresda
Germani din secolul al XX-lea
Victime ale nazismului
Decese în lagărul de concentrare Dachau

Alojs Andritzki


Cinaruco je rijeka u  Južnoj Americi. Izvire u Kolumbiji, te utječe u Venezuelu, gdje se, kao lijeva pritoka, ulijeva u Orinoco.

Rijeka ima djelomično bistre taninske vode. U Venezueli, ova je rijeka dio Nacionalnog parka Santos Luzardo, od 1988. godine. Rijeka Cinaruco zajedno s rijekom Capanaparo, drugim manjim rijekama i područjem oko njih čini ovaj nacionalni park.

Rijeka je dom mnogih ribljih vrsta, pa ribari svake godine dolaze loviti ribe iz roda Cichla. U ovoj rijeci se nalaze tri vrste riba iz ovog roda (od najmanje do najveće): Cichla intermedia, Cichla orinocensis i Cichla temensis.

Izvori

Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
Movement of Cichla species (Cichlidae) in a 3 floodplain river [2003]
 Hoeinghaus, David J.(Texas A&M University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) Layman, Craig A.(Texas A&M University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) Arrington, D. Albrey(University of Alabama Department of Biological Sciences) Winemiller, Kirk O.(Texas A&M University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences)
http://flasa.msinfo.info/portal/bases/biblo/texto/Memoria/Mem_2006_165_83-102.pdf

Rijeke u Venezueli
Rijeke u Kolumbiji
Pritoke Orinoca

Cinaruco


The Rip Tide es el tercer álbum de estudio de Beirut, lanzado el 2 de agosto de 2011 para descarga digital en Estados Unidos, y el 29-30 de agosto (según países) en formato físico.

Historia

Las primeras noticias sobre la grabación del nuevo álbum se conocieron en invierno de 2010-11.
Tras la grabación del disco, Beirut estuvo de tour por Europa y EE. UU., y tocaron canciones que aparecerían en el nuevo álbum como "Vagabond", "Santa Fe", y "Port of Call".
En junio de 2011 la banda publicó el primer sencillo, "East Harlem", con "Goshen" como B-side. También anunciaron oficialmente el nuevo álbum, y dieron a conocer su título y su lista de canciones.
El 2 de agosto, aunque las canciones ya habían sido filtradas en internet, Beirut permitió reservar el álbum, cuyas canciones en MP3 eran enviadas al comprador, y las copias físicas se enviarían a final de mes.

Lista de canciones

Personal

 Zach Condon - voz, ukulele, trompeta
 Perrin Cloutier - acordeón, piano
 Paul Collins - bajo, contrabajo
 Ben Lanz - trombón, piano, tuba
 Nick Petree - batería, percusión
 Kelly Pratt - trompeta, bombardino
Invitados
 Heather Trost - violín, voz

Lanzamiento

Referencias

Álbumes de 2011
Álbumes en inglés

The Rip Tide


Stolas, demonolojide Cehennemin Yüce Prensidir. 26 iblis (cin) lejyonunu yönetir, astronomi, zehirli bitkiler ve değerli taşlar hakkında çeşitli bilgiler öğretir. Stolos olarak da anılır.

İbrahimi mitoloji

Stolas


Der Briefmarken-Jahrgang 1986 der Deutschen Post der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik umfasste 47 einzelne Sondermarken,
vier Briefmarkenblocks mit gesamt fünf Sondermarken und drei Kleinbogen mit zusammen 14 Sondermarken. 16 Briefmarken wurden zusammenhängend gedruckt; dabei gab es zwei Paare mit innenliegendem Zierfeld. Einige Motive gab es als sowohl als Einzelmarken als auch als Kleinbogen oder als Zusammendruck.

Dauermarken wurden in diesem Jahrgang nicht ausgegeben. Insgesamt gab es 70 unterschiedliche Ausgaben.

Alle Briefmarken-Ausgaben seit 1964 sowie die 2-Mark-Werte der Dauermarkenserie Präsident Wilhelm Pieck und die bereits seit 1961 erschienene Dauermarkenserie Staatsratsvorsitzender Walter Ulbricht waren ursprünglich unbegrenzt frankaturgültig. Mit der Wiedervereinigung verloren alle Marken nach dem 2. Oktober 1990 ihre Gültigkeit.

Liste der Ausgaben und Motive

Das Verhältnis der Größe der Briefmarken zueinander ist in diesem Artikel annähernd maßstabsgerecht dargestellt.

Kleinbogen und Zusammendrucke

Anmerkungen und Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Michel-Katalog Deutschland 1999/2000. Schwaneberger Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-87858-028-2.

Siehe auch
 Briefmarken-Jahrgang 1986 der Deutschen Bundespost
 Briefmarken-Jahrgang 1986 der Deutschen Bundespost Berlin

Weblinks

Liste (Philatelie)
1986
Ersterscheinung 1986

Briefmarken-Jahrgang 1986 der Deutschen Post der DDR


Les élections législatives françaises de 1967 se déroulent les  et . Dans le département des Hauts-de-Seine, treize députés sont à élire dans le cadre de treize circonscriptions. Ce sont les premières élections législatives tenues depuis la loi du 16 juillet 1966 qui fixe la limite des 13 circonscription des Hauts-de-Seine, dans le contexte de réorganisation de la région parisienne en cours depuis 1964.

La majorité sortante remporte la majorité des circonscriptions (8 sur 13) mais le PCF remporte les 5 autres sièges avec d'excellents scores aux deux tours de scrutin. La FGDS est balayée et ne maintient aucun de ses candidats pour le second tour pour faciliter l'élection de députés communistes. Les centristes échouent également à obtenir un siège dans le département.

Élus

Résultats

Résultats à l'échelle du département

Résultats par circonscription

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Hauts-de-Seine
Législatives, 1967

Élections législatives de 1967 dans les Hauts-de-Seine


Sägemühle ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Meschede im Hochsauerlandkreis (Nordrhein-Westfalen), der bis 2022 zum nahen Remblinghausen gehörte. Namensgebend ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Profangebäude.

Geschichte und Architektur der Mühle
Eine Mühle ist an dieser Stelle seit 1671 urkundlich belegt. Es wird vermutet, dass die Sägemühle aber schon früher bestand. 1809 lässt Theodor von Cloidt den ältesten heute noch stehenden Teil der Sägemühle bauen. Der eingeschossige, zum großen Teil verbretterte Fachwerkbau ist an der Frontseite mit der Jahreszahl 1809 markiert. In diesem Gebäudeteil befindet sich seither der Gatterraum. Der Betreiber der Mühle, Ludwig Steilmann, kauft 1844 von Theodor von Cloidt für 833 Taler Sägemühle, Wohnhaus, Mühlenteich und Ackerland.

Zum Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde die Mühle an der Rückseite um zweigeschossige Anbauten, wie die Stellmacherwerkstatt, erweitert. Das Wasserrad wurde 1929 durch das Turbinenhaus ersetzt. Die Anlage ist ein in Westfalen außergewöhnliches Ensemble von Maschinen des Holz verarbeitenden Gewerbes und der Dreschtechnik des späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Betrieb wurde 1983 eingestellt. Im Jahr 1987 wurde die Sägemühle unter Denkmalschutz gestellt. 1994 stellte die Eigentümerin Gerda Schulte die Mühle dem Sägemühlenverein Remblinghausen e.V. im Rahmen eines Nutzungsvertrages zur Verfügung. Die Restaurierungsarbeiten und ein Flyer (Kulturdenkmal "Alte Sägemühle") wurden von Nordrhein-Westfalen-Stiftung Naturschutz, Heimat- und Kulturpflege gefördert. Der Sägemühlenverein bietet auch Führungen an.

Heutige technische Ausstattung
 Die Turbine ist die zentrale Antriebsmaschine.
 Die Lichtmaschine aus der Zeit um 1901 ist eine der ältesten Maschinen zur Stromerzeugung im Sauerland.
 Die Dreschmaschine ist seit etwa 80 Jahren stationär in die Sägemühle eingebaut.
 Die Schrotmühle wurde umfassend restauriert und ist funktionsfähig.
 Die Stellmacherwerkstatt ist mit alten Werkzeugen und Maschinen ausgestattet.
 Die Kleesamenenthülsungsmaschine ist landläufig auch als Kleedreschmaschine bekannt.
 Die einzigartige Harkenspinnfräsmaschine ist eine Holzbearbeitungsmaschine zur Herstellung hölzerner Harken.
 Das Horizontalgatter

Sonstiges

Ca. 70 m südöstlich der Sägemühle befindet sich die ebenfalls unter Denkmalschutz stehende Vierzehn-Nothelfer-Kapelle. Diese wird ebenfalls durch den Sägemühlenverein Remblinghausen e.V. betreut.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, unter wissenschaftlicher Leitung von Ursula Quednau: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen II Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin/München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2
 NRW-Stiftung (Hg.): Unser NRW – Reiseführer zu Kultur- und Naturdenkmälern – Sieger- und Sauerland. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2011. Kapitel Sägemühle Remblinghausen S. 69–71. ISBN 978-3-8375-0624-2.

Weblinks

Bauwerk in Meschede
Baudenkmal in Meschede
Fachwerkhaus im Hochsauerlandkreis
Wassermühle in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Erbaut in den 1670er Jahren

Sägemühle (Meschede)


Frontiera între Germania și Polonia (în germană Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Polen, în poloneză Granica polsko-niemiecka) este o frontieră internațională care delimitează teritoriile Germaniei și Poloniei și se află în prezent pe linia Oder–Neisse. Ea are o lungime totală de 467 km și este în vigoare din anul 1945. Se întinde de la Marea Baltică, în nord, către Republica Cehă, în sud. Cu toate acestea, frontiera nu a urmat întotdeauna această linie și are o istorie lungă și adesea volatilă.

Istoric

Frontiera între Germania și Polonia își are originile sale la începuturile existenței statului polonez, iar râurile Oder (Odra) și Neisse (Nysa) au format una dintre cele mai vechi granițe naturale (linia Oder–Neisse) între Germania și triburile slave. După mai multe secole, ea s-a mutat spre est, s-a stabilizat în secolul al XIV-lea și a dispărut în secolul al XVIII-lea, ca urmare a împărțirilor Poloniei, în care vecinii Poloniei, inclusiv Regatul Prusiei, au anexat tot teritoriul său. În 1871 Prusia a devenit parte a Imperiului German.

După ce Polonia și-a redobândit independența în urma Primului Război Mondial și după 123 de ani de la împărțirea fostului stat polonez, frontiera germano-poloneză a fost stabilită pe o lungime de 1.912 km (inclusiv o frontieră de 607 km cu Prusia Răsăriteană). Forma frontierei a fost definită parțial prin Tratatul de la Versailles și, parțial, prin plebiscite (plebiscitul din Prusia Răsăriteană și plebiscitul din Silezia, ultimul afectat, de asemenea, de Insurecțiile din Silezia). Forma graniței semăna aproximativ cu cea a Poloniei de dinaintea împărțirii statului între puterile vecine.

După cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial, frontiera a fost trasată de la Świnoujście (Swinemünde), în nord, la Marea Baltică, către sud spre granița formată de Republica Cehă (ce făcea parte pe atunci din Cehoslovacia) cu Polonia și Germania, în apropiere de Zittau. Ea urmează linia Oder–Neisse formată de-a lungul râurilor Oder (Odra) și Neisse (Nysa). Acest lucru a fost convenit de principalii Aliați din cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial – URSS, SUA și Marea Britanie, la insistențele sovieticilor, și, fără nici o consultare semnificativă cu Polonia (sau cu Germania), la Conferința de la Ialta și la Conferința de la Potsdam. Această frontieră era o compensație acordată Poloniei pentru teritoriile anexate de Uniunea Sovietică ca urmare a Pactului Molotov–Ribbentrop și a determinat o migrație semnificativă spre vest a populatiei germane din Teritoriile recuperate și în același timp o colonizare a acelor teritorii cu populație poloneză din regiunea istorică orientală Kresy. Ea s-a potrivit în mare parte cu frontiera istorică existentă în Evul Mediu între statele german și polonez. Stabilirea frontierei pe cursurile râurilor Neisse și Oder a împărțit mai multe orașe în două părți – Görlitz/Zgorzelec, Guben/Gubin, Frankfurt pe Oder/Słubice, Bad Muskau/Łęknica.

Frontiera a fost recunoscută de către Republica Democrată Germană prin Tratatul de la Zgorzelec din 1950, de către Republica Federală Germania în 1970 prin Tratatul de la Varșovia și de Germania reunificată în 1990 prin Tratatul de frontieră germano–polonez din 1990. A făcut obiectul unor corecții minore (schimburi de teritorii) în 1951. Granițele au fost parțial deschise din 1971 până în 1980, când polonezii și est-germanii puteau să treacă dintr-o țară în alta fără pașaport sau viză; cu toate acestea, ele s-au închis din nou, după câțiva ani, din cauza presiunii economice produse asupra economiei est-germane de polonezii ce făceau comerț și a dorinței guvernului est-german de a diminua influența mișcării poloneze Solidaritatea în Germania de Est.

După căderea comunismului în Polonia și Germania și reunificarea Germaniei, această frontieră a devenit parte a graniței de est a Comunității Europene, apoi a Uniunii Europene. Pentru o perioadă, ea a fost "frontiera cea mai puternic controlată din Europa". După aderarea Poloniei la Uniunea Europeană în 2004, controalele la frontieră s-au relaxat în acord cu Acordul de la Schengen, iar controlul pașapoartelor a fost eliminat din 2007. Teritoriile moderne de frontieră dintre Polonia și Germania sunt locuite de aproximativ un milion de cetățeni ai acestor țări.

Referințe

Legături externe
 List of former border crossings on Polish-German border on Polish Wikipedia

Polonia
Germania
Brandenburg
Mecklenburg-Pomerania Inferioară
Saxonia

Frontiera între Germania și Polonia


Sigitas ist ein litauischer männlicher Vorname, abgekürzt ist  Sigis.

Personen
Sigitas Čirba (*  1966), Politiker
Sigitas Zigmas Geda (1943–2008), Dichter
Sigitas Jakubauskas (* 1958), Fußballspieler und Fußballtrainer
Sigitas Kaktys  (* 1956), Politiker, Minister
Sigitas Karbauskas (*  1962), Politiker
Sigitas Mitkus (* 1962), Ingenieur,  Baurechtler, Professor
Sigitas Parulskis (* 1965),  Lyriker, Dramatiker, Romanautor
Sigitas Plaušinaitis, Fachübersetzer, Dozent für deutsche Linguistik
Sigitas Slavickas (* 1941), Politiker, Mitglied des Seimas
Sigitas Šiupšinskas (* 1964), Politiker, Vizeminister
Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ (* 1938), römisch-katholischer Erzbischof
Sigitas Urbonas (* 1942), Politiker, Bürgermeister von Prienai und  Mitglied im Seimas
 Sigitas Valančius (* 1957), Bildungsmanager und Politiker,  Leiter einer Hochschule und Vizebürgermeister von Marijampolė

Zwischenname
 Vytautas Sigitas Draugelis (1943–2010), Politiker, Mitglied des Seimas
 Justinas Sigitas Pečkaitis (*  1946), Strafrechtler, Professor

Männlicher Vorname
Litauischer Vorname

Sigitas


469 (CDLXIX) çarşamba günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Hun İmparatorluğu dağıldı (kuruluşu 376).

Doğumlar
 Zhou She, Çinli bürokrat (ö. 524)

Ölümler
 Dengizik, Hun kralı
 Hydatius, Aquae Flaviae piskoposu

469


Agrilus cuneiformis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Deyrolle, 1864.

Referências

cuneiformis

Agrilus cuneiformis


Balistes es un género de peces tetraodontiformes de la familia Balistidae.

Especies
Se reconocen las siguientes especies:
 Balistes capriscus
 Balistes carolinensis
 Balistes ellioti
 Balistes polylepis
 Balistes punctatus
 Balistes rotundatus
 Balistes vetula
 Balistes willughbeii

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Balistidae

Balistes


Addala Rama Krishna Sastry ( n. 1938 ) es un botánico, profesor indio, que desarrolla actividades académicas en la "División de Taxonomía y Florística , "Departamento de Botánica", del "Botanical Survey of India".

Algunas publicaciones

Libros
 . 1998. Mangroves, associates, and salt marshes of the Godavari and Krishna delta, Andhra Pradesh, India. Editor Bot. Survey of India, ENVIS Centre, 128 pp.

 --------------------------------, . 1989. Mangroves in India: identification manual. Editor Bot. Survey of India, 113 pp.

 . 1988. Red data book of Indian plants. Volumen 2. Editor Bot. Survey of India

 . 1984. Threatened and endemic orchids of Sikkim and north-eastern India. Editor POSSCEF, Bot. Survey of India, Dept. of Environment, Govt. of India, 95 pp.

 . 1980. Threatened plants of India: a state-of-the-art report. Flora of India. Editor	Bot. Survey of India & Man and Biosphere Committee, 48 pp.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de India del siglo XX
Pteridólogos de India
Profesores de India

Addala Rama Krishna Sastry


وكالة الأرصاد الجوية اليابانية  هي وكالة تتبع وزارة الأراضي والبنية التحتية، والنقل والسياحة في الحكومة اليابانية تهتم بمتابعة أحوال الطقس. تعنى الوكالة بجمع المعلومات عن حالة الطقس والتنبؤ الجوي في اليابان وهي تتبع بشكل جزئي إلى وزارة الأرض والبنية التحتية والنقل. كما أن الوكالة مسؤولة عن التنبؤ بحدوث الزلازل والتسونامي والانفجارات البركانية.

تقع المكاتب الرئيسية للوكالة في تشيودا، طوكيو ويتبع لها ست مكاتب فرعية في محافظات اليابان.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

بيئة اليابان
تأسيسات سنة 1956 في اليابان
حكومة اليابان
مراكز إقليمية متخصصة في الأرصاد الجوية
وكالات حكومية أسست في 1956

وكالة الأرصاد الجوية اليابانية