In computing, time is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is used to determine the duration of execution of a particular command.

Overview
time(1) can exist as a standalone program (such as GNU time) or as a shell builtin in most case (e.g. in sh, bash, tcsh or in zsh).

User time vs system time
The total CPU time is the combination of the amount of time the CPU or CPUs spent performing some action for a program and the amount of time they spent performing system calls for the kernel on the program's behalf. When a program loops through an array, it is accumulating user CPU time. Conversely, when a program executes a system call such as exec or fork, it is accumulating system CPU time.

Real time vs CPU time
The term "real time" in this context refers to elapsed wall-clock time, like using a stop watch. The total CPU time (user time + sys time) may be more or less than that value. Because a program may spend some time waiting and not executing at all (whether in user mode or system mode) the real time may be greater than the total CPU time. Because a program may fork children whose CPU times (both user and sys) are added to the values reported by the time command, but on a multicore system these tasks are run in parallel, the total CPU time may be greater than the real time.

Usage
To use the command, simply precede any command by the word time, such as:
$ time ls

When the command completes, time will report how long it took to execute the ls command in terms of user CPU time, system CPU time, and real time. The output format varies between different versions of the command, and some give additional statistics, as in this example:
$ time host wikipedia.org
wikipedia.org has address 22.214.171.124
wikipedia.org mail is handled by 50 mx2001.wikimedia.org.
wikipedia.org mail is handled by 10 mx1001.wikimedia.org.
host wikipedia.org  0.04s user 0.02s system 7% cpu 0.780 total
$

 (either a standalone program, or when Bash shell is running in POSIX mode AND  is invoked as time -p) reports to standard error output.

time -p
Portable scripts should use time -p mode, which uses a different output format, but which is consistent with various implementations:
$ time -p sha256sum /bin/ls
12477deb0e25209768cbd79328f943a7ea8533ece70256cdea96fae0ae34d1cc  /bin/ls
real 0.00
user 0.00
sys 0.00
$

Implementations

GNU time
Current versions of GNU time, report more than just a time by default:
$ /usr/bin/time sha256sum /bin/ls
12477deb0e25209768cbd79328f943a7ea8533ece70256cdea96fae0ae34d1cc  /bin/ls
0.00user 0.00system 0:00.00elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 2156maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+96minor)pagefaults 0swaps
$

Format of the output for GNU time, can be adjusted using TIME environment variable, and it can include information other than the execution time (i.e. memory usage). This behavior is not available in general POSIX-compliant time, or when executing as time -p.

Documentation of this  can be usually accessed using man 1 time.

Method of operation
According to the source code of the GNU implementation of time, most information shown by time is derived from the wait3 system call. On systems that do not have a wait3 call that returns status information, the times system call is used instead.

Bash
In a popular Unix shell Bash, time is a special keyword, that can be put before a pipeline (or single command), that measures time of entire pipeline, not just a singular (first) command, and uses a different default format, and puts empty line before reporting times:
$ time seq 10000000 | wc -l
10000000

real	0m0.078s
user	0m0.116s
sys	0m0.029s
$

The reported time is a time used by both seq and wc -l added up. Format of the output can be adjusted using TIMEFORMAT variable.

The  is not a builtin, but a special keyword, and can't be treated as a function or command. It also ignores pipeline redirections (even when executed as time -p, unless entire Bash is run in "POSIX mode").

Documentation of this  can be accessed using man 1 bash, or within bash itself using help time.

See also

 System time
 Cron process for scheduling jobs to run at a particular time
 TIME (command)

References

Unix SUS2008 utilities
Unix process- and task-management-related software
Inferno (operating system) commands

Time (Unix)


Fader og Søn er en stumfilm fra 1913 instrueret af Eduard Schnedler-Sørensen efter manuskript af Frederik Jacobsen.

Handling

Medvirkende
 Frederik Jacobsen - Stabssergent Holm
 Johanne Krum-Hunderup - Stabssergent Holms kone
 Aage Schmidt - Kaptajn Holm, søn af stabssergenten
 Else Frölich - Kaptajn Holms kone
 Lily Frederiksen - Barnet
 Alma Hinding
 Anton Gambetta Salmson
 Maggi Zinn

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1913

Fader og Søn


Carapichea est un genre de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Rubiaceae, sous-famille des Rubioideae, originaire d'Amérique du Sud et d'Amérique centrale, qui comprend une vingtaine d'espèces.

Taxinomie

Synonymes
Selon  :
 Ipecacuanha Raf.
 Nettlera Raf.
 Stachyococcus Standl.

Liste des espèces
Selon  :

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes

Rubiaceae
Genre d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)

Carapichea


«Gimme Hope Jo'anna» ( Español: Jo'anna Dame Esperanzas) es una canción original creada por Eddy Grant, que además la interpreta. Es una canción dentro del movimiento reggae anti-apartheid, convirtiéndose prácticamente en su himno, ya que fue escrita durante el apartheid en Sudáfrica. La canción fue prohibida por el gobierno sudafricano que no pudo impedir que fuera ampliamente escuchada por todo el país. Alcanzó la posición 7 en los UK Singles Chart, convirtiendo a Grant en un Top 10 durante más de 5 años.

Letra
"Jo'anna" en la letra representa no solo a la ciudad de Johannesburgo, sino también al nuevo gobierno de Sudáfrica que acabó con el sistema apartheid. Soweto es un barrio negro cercano a Johannesburgo, conocido por su papel en la resistencia contra el apartheid conocida por "escurrirse a través de las fronteras enemigas" para luchar en otros países, sobre todo en la Guerra Civil Angoleña. El arzobispo es Desmond Tutu, que ganó el Premio Nobel de la Paz por su oposición al apartheid.

Sencillos de 1988
Sencillos número uno en España
Canciones número uno de LOS40 (España)
Canciones de 1988
Canciones de Eddy Grant

Gimme Hope Jo'anna


قصر أولاد مهدي هو قصر يوجد في بني عباس، ولاية بشار الواقعة جنوب الجزائر.

تأسس القصر خلال القرن 14 م على يد المهدي بن يوسف وابنيه سعيد ويوسف، بقو في هذا القصر حوالي ثلاث إلى اربع قرون أي حتى مجيئ سيدي محمد بن عبد السلام وبناء قصر موحد.

يعتبر هذا القصر إلى جانب قصور بني حسان من الأقدم في المنطقة، تعرض سكانه قبل بناء قصر بني عباس إلى هجومات الرحل خلال الخريف من كل سنة. بعد بناء قصر بني عباس هجر القصر جزئيا على عكس قصر اولاد رحو الذي هجر كليا.

هذا القصر مندثر الآن بشكل شبه كلي.

قصور الجزائر
معالم مدينة بني عباس

قصر أولاد مهدي


لوكا ريغوني  (مواليد 7 ديسمبر 1984 في كوغولو ديل كينغيو - إيطاليا) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى باليرمو الإيطالي منذ 2014 في مركز لاعب وسط .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو بارما
لاعبو باليرمو
لاعبو بياتشينزا
لاعبو جنوى
لاعبو ريجينا
لاعبو فيتشينزا
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من فينيتو
لاعبو كييفو فيرونا
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم للشباب
مواليد 1984
مواليد في سكيو

لوكا ريغوني


A Wicca gardneriana, ou gardnerianismo, é uma tradição na religião neopagã da Wicca, cujos membros podem traçar descendência iniciática de Gerald Gardner. A tradição tem o nome de Gardner (1884-1964), um funcionário público britânico e estudioso amador de magia. O termo "gardneriano" provavelmente foi cunhado pelo fundador da bruxaria cochraniana, Robert Cochrane, nos anos 1950 ou 60, que deixou essa tradição para fundar a sua própria.

Gardner afirmou ter aprendido as crenças e práticas que mais tarde se tornariam conhecidas como a Wicca gardneriana do coven de New Forest, que supostamente o iniciou em seus ranks em 1939. Por esta razão, a Wicca gardneriana é geralmente considerada a mais antiga tradição criada da Wicca, da qual derivam a maioria das tradições wiccanas subsequentes.

A partir do suposto coven de New Forest, Gardner formou seu próprio coven de Bricket Wood e, por sua vez, iniciou muitas bruxas, incluindo uma série de Altas Sacerdotisas, fundando outros covens e continuando a iniciação de mais Wiccanos na tradição. No Reino Unido, na Europa e na maioria dos países da Commonwealth, alguém autodefinido como Wicca é geralmente entendido como alegando descendência iniciática de Gardner, seja através da Wicca gardneriana, ou através de um ramo derivado, como a Wicca alexandrina ou a Wicca algardiana. Em outros lugares, essas tradições de linhagem original são denominadas "Wicca tradicional britânica".

Wicca algardiana
O algardianismo é uma tradição, ou denominação, na religião neo-pagã da Wicca. Foi fundado nos Estados Unidos em 1972 por Mary Nesnick, uma iniciada da Wicca Gardneriana e Alexandrina, em uma tentativa de fundir as duas tradições. Um dos buscadores espirituais que se aproximou de Nesnick no início dos anos 1970 foi Eddie Buczynski, mas ela recusou a iniciação porque ele era homossexual.

Ligações externas
 Gerald Gardner – The History of Wicca
 Gardnerian History
 A Very British Witchcraft TV program

Wicca

Gardnerianismo


NGC 5912 est une galaxie elliptique située dans la constellation de la Petite Ourse. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5912 a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en 1797.

Avec une brillance de surface égale à , on peut qualifier NGC 5912 de galaxie à faible brillance de surface (LSB en anglais pour ). Les galaxies LSB sont des galaxies diffuses (D) avec une brillance de surface inférieure de moins d'une magnitude à celle du ciel nocturne ambiant.

NGC 5909 et NGC 5912 forment une paire de galaxies.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5912 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5912
Constellation de la Petite Ourse
Galaxie elliptique
Galaxie à faible brillance de surface
Objet céleste découvert en 1797
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel

NGC 5912


La liste des églises de l'Isère recense de manière exhaustive les églises situées dans le département français de l' Isère. Il est fait état des diverses protections dont elles peuvent bénéficier, et notamment les inscriptions et classements au titre des monuments historiques.

En ce qui concerne le culte catholique, toutes les églises sont situées dans le diocèse de Grenoble-Vienne.

Statistiques

Nombres
Le département de l'Isère comprend 512 communes au .

Depuis 2020, le diocèse de Grenoble-Vienne compte 47 paroisses.

Dédicaces

Classement
Le classement ci-après se fait par commune selon l'ordre alphabétique.

Il est fait état des diverses protections dont elles peuvent bénéficier, et notamment les inscriptions et classements au titre des monuments historiques.

Liste

Église catholique

|}

Église arménienne

|}

Église orthodoxe

|}

Culte protestant

|}

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Lieu de culte
 Liste des monuments historiques de l'Isère
 Liste des chapelles de l'Isère

Liens externes

  Site officiel du diocèse de Grenoble-Vienne
  Site de l'Église catholique en France

Notes et références

Églises

Isère

Liste des églises de l'Isère


Danişmendli Beyliği, 1080–1178 yılları arasında Sivas merkez olmak üzere Çorum, Tokat, Niksar, Amasya, Malatya, Kayseri şehirleri civarında kurulmuş bir Anadolu beyliğidir. II. Kılıçarslan tarafından yıkılmıştır. İlk başkenti Niksar olup sonraki başkenti Sivas'tır. Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti'ne katılan ilk Türk beyliğidir.

Adı
Danişmend'in kelime anlamı Farsçada "bilgili adam" olup, İbnü'l-Esîr gerçek adı Taylu olan gazinin Türklere muallimlik yaptığı için danişmend unvanı alıp melikliğe dek yükseltildiğini bildirmiştir. Dönemin kaynaklarında tam adı "Melik-i Muazzam Danişmend Ahmed Gazi bin Ali et-Türkmâni" şeklinde zikredilmektedir. Kaynaklarda beyliğin kurucusu Danişmend Gazi'nin Azerbaycan'da Arrân ve civarında yaşayan bir Türkmen ailesine mensup olduğu belirtilmektedir. Birinci Haçlı Seferi tarihi hakkında kendi dönemiyle ilgili bilgi veren en önemli tarihçilerinden Albertus Aquensis ve 12. yüzyıl tarihçilerinden Sur başpiskoposu Willelmus Tyrensis de Danişmendlilerin Türk asıllı bir hanedan olduğunu belirtmektedirler. İbn Hamdun ve İzzeddin İbn Şeddad, Danişmend Gazi'nin Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti'nin kurucusu Süleyman Şah'ın dayısı olduğunu söylemektedir. Beyliği Edessalı Mateos "Tanismanios", Bizanslı tarihçi Nikitas Honiatis ise "Persarmen Taismanios" olarak anmıştır. Khoanites'İn verdiği "İran Ermenileri" tanımlamasının beyliğin kökenine dair tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiş beyliğin adının Danişmendlilerin kısmen hüküm sürdüğü eski Armeniakon Themasına mı, aşiret ya da hanedanın soyuna mı vurgu yaptığı kesinlik kazanmamıştır..

Kuruluş yılları

Kaynaklarda adı "Melik-i Muazzam Danişmendli Ahmed Gazi bin Ali et-Türkmâni" şeklinde geçen Danişmend Ahmed Gazi, Sultan Alparslan'ın 1064 yılında çıktığı Kafkasya seferi sırasında orduya katılmış ve bu tarihten itibaren Alparslan'ın hizmetine girmiştir. Malazgirt Savaşı'na da katılan Danişmend Gazi, zaferin kazanılmasında önemli rol oynadı. 1080 yılında Bizanslılardan Sivas'ı aldı ve Danişmendli Hanedanını kurdu.

Sivas'ı bir üs olarak kullanan Danişmend Gâzi; Çavuldur, Tursan, Kara Doğan, Osmancık, İltekin ve Karatekin adlı emirleriyle Amasya, Tokat, Niksar, Kayseri, Zamantı, Develi ve Çorum'u fethederek, beyliğine kattı. Birinci Haçlı Seferi'nde başkenti İznik'i kaybederek Anadolu içlerine çekilen I. Kılıçarslan'ın yardımına koştu. I. Kılıçarslan'a Haçlılarla yaptığı Eskişehir Savaşı'nda destek sağladı. Haçlılar bu savaşı kazanarak Anadolu içlerine ilerlemeye devam ettiler. Ancak Danişmendlilerin ve Anadolu'daki diğer Türk birliklerinin saldırıları sonucu Haçlı orduları kuvvetlerinin büyük bir bölümünü kaybettiler.

Danişmentliler 1100 yılında Bizans Devletinden bağımsız olan hüküm süren Malatya'yı kuşattılar. Antakya'yı ele geçirerek Antakya Prensliği'ni kurmuş olan Haçlı hükümdarı Boemondo, Malatya'nın yardımına koştu. Ancak yenilerek, Danişmendlilerin eline tutsak düştü. Malatya 1103 yılında Danişmendlilerin eline geçti. Danişmend Gazi, elinde esir bulunan Boemondo'yu iki yüz altmış bin dinar karşılığı serbest bıraktı. Ancak bu hareketi, I. Kılıçarslan'la arasını açtı. Maraş civarında yapılan savaşta yenilen Danişment Gazi, 1104 yılında öldü. Beyliğin başına oğlu Melik Gazi geçti.

Danişmendli mimari eserleri
Kayseri Ulu Camii (1143)
Niksar Ulu Camii (1145)
Kayseri Gülük Camii ve medreseleri
Amasya Halifet Gazi Türbesi
Melik Gazi Türbesi (1164)
Tokat Yağıbasan Medresesi (1152)
Niksar Yağıbasan Medresesi (1158)

Danişmendlilerin listesi ve soyağacı

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Danişmendoğlu Aynüddevle'nin bakır sikkesi
 Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004) The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Edinburgh University Press, s.215, Online

Çorum tarihi
Tokat tarihi
Amasya tarihi
Sivas tarihi
Malatya tarihi
Kayseri tarihi
1075
1178

Dânişmendliler Beyliği


James Haig Adomian (n. 31 ianuarie 1980) este un actor de film, televiziune și voce american.

Biografie

Filmografie

Referințe

Legături externe

Actori de film americani
Actori de televiziune americani
Actori de voce americani
Nașteri în 1980
Nașteri pe 31 ianuarie
Americani în viață
Actori americani din secolul al XX-lea
Actori americani din secolul al XXI-lea

James Adomian


Gazzâlî () veya yaygın adıyla Îmam-ı Gazzâlî (1058, Tus - 18 Aralık 1111, Tus), İranlı İslam âlimi, mutasavvıfı, müderrisidir. Çeşitli yönlerden felsefeyi eleştirmesi ve dönemin bazı filozoflarını tekfir etmesiyle de bilinir. Hükema sıfatıyla da adlandırılmıştır. Fars asıllı olduğu sanılan Gazzâlî'nin lakapları Hüccetü'l-İslâm ve Zeynüddîn'dir. Genel olarak Gazzâlî ve İmam-ı Gazzâlî isimleriyle tanınmaktadır. Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu döneminde yaşamış olan en ünlü İslam bilginlerinden biridir.

Hayatı ve yaşadığı dönem

Gazzâlî, Hicri 450 (Miladi 1058) yılında İran'ın Horasan bölgesinin Tus şehrinde doğmuştur. İlk öğrenimini Tus'ta Ahmed bin Muhammed er-Razikânî'den almış, daha sonra Cürcân şehrine giderek Ebû Nasr el-İsmailî'den eğitim görmüş; daha sonra da 28 yaşına kadar Nişabur Nizamiye Medresesi'nde öğrenim görmüş, itikadi düşünce olarak Ebü'l Hasan Eş'arî'den ve ameli görüş olarak ise Îmam Şafii'den etkilenmiştir. Hocası, İmam-ı Harameyn lakaplı Abdülmelik el-Cüveynî, 1085 yılında ölünce Gazzâlî, Nişabur'dan Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin veziri Nizâmülmülk'ün yanına gider. Nizâmülmülk'ün huzurunda olan bir toplantıda verdiği cevaplarla diğer bilginlerden üstünlüğünü kanıtlayarak 1091 yılında Bağdat'taki Nizamiye Medresesi'nin baş müderrisliğine tayin edilir. Burada bilgisi ve edindiği öğrenci topluluğuyla kısa sürede ün ve saygınlık kazandı. Tasavvufa yöneldi ve Ebû Alî Farmedî'nin de tesiriyle bu alanda yoğunlaştı. Bu ilgi ve hac arzusuyla medresedeki vazifesini bırakarak 1095 yılında Bağdat'tan ayrıldı ve Şam'a gitti. Şam'da iki yıl kadar kaldıktan sonra 1097 yılında hacca gitti.

Hac sonrası Şam'a döndü ve buradan Bağdat yoluyla tekrar Tus'a geçti. Şam ve Tus'ta bulunduğu sürede uzlet yaşamı sürdü ve tasavvuf alanında ilerledi. Bağdat'tan ayrılışından 11 yıl sonra, 1106 yılında Nizâmülmülk'ün oğlu Fahrülmülk'ün ricası üzerine Nişabur Nizamiye Medresesi'nde tekrar eğitim vermeye başladı. Buradan kısa süre sonra Tus'a dönerek yaptırdığı tekkede müritleriyle birlikte sufi yaşamı sürdü.

Gazzâlî, 1111 (Hicri 505) yılında doğum yeri olan İran'ın Tus şehrinde öldü.

Gazzâlî'nin yaşadığı dönemde İslam âleminde siyasî ve fikrî olarak büyük bir karmaşa hâkimdi. Bağdat'ta Abbasi halifelerinin gücü zayıflamasına karşın Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin sınırları giderek genişliyor ve nüfuzu da artıyordu. Büyük Selçuklu hükümdarı Melikşah'ın veziri Nizâmülmülk; savaş meydanlarında zaferler kazanıyor, ilim meclisleri denilen tartışma ortamlarını ve medreseleri açıyordu. Bu dönemde Mısır tahtında, İslam hilâfetinin başında, Şiî mezhebine bağlı Fâtımî Hanedanı vardı. Avrupa'da ise Endülüs Emevî Devleti gerilemekteydi.

Birinci Haçlı Seferi de Gazzâlî döneminde yapılmış ve Gazzâlî 40 yaşında iken Antakya, Haçlılarca kuşatılmıştır. Bir yıl sonra da Haçlılar, Kudüs'ü ele geçirmişlerdir.

Haşhaşîler tarikatının kurucusu Hasan Sabbah ve İranlı gök bilimci Ömer Hayyam da Gazzâlî ile aynı çağda yaşayan tanınmış kişilerdir. İslam âlemindeki bu karışıklığı, fikrî bir çöküntü tamamlıyordu.

Fikir hayatı ve etkileri
Gazzâlî'nin öğrenme merakı onun çok sayıda dini ve fikrî akımları araştırmasına neden oldu. Yaşadığı dönemde hakikati bulmak isteyen insanların dört kısıma ayrıldığını ve her birinin hakikati kendi yolunda aradığını gördü. Bunlar; felsefeciler, kelâmcılar, sûfiler, bâtınîlerdi. Hepsinin görüşlerini inceleyerek; kelâm, felsefe ve Bâtınîlik yolunu kitaplarında ayrıntılarıyla tenkit etti ve sûfilerin yolu olan tasavvufa yönelerek hakikati bu yolda aradı. Gazzâlî bu geçirdiği süreci El-Münkız Mine'd Dalal adlı kitabında şöyle anlatır;

Gazzâlî'ye göre O dönemde İslamiyet'in birliğine kötü anlamda doğrudan etki edecek fikirler hızla yayılıyor, bir taraftan Yunan felsefesi ile İslam inancını yeniden yazmaya çalışan filozoflar, diğer yandan Kur'an'ın apaçık ayetlerini karanlık ve gizemli tefsirlere konu yapan Bâtınîler, İslam dinine ve Ehl-i sünnet itikadının bütünlüğüne büyük zarar veriyordu.

Bâtınîlik, Gazzâlî'nin döneminde ortaya çıkmış ve Büyük Selçuklu veziri Nizâmülmülk bu görüşün üyeleri tarafından öldürülmüştür. Gazzâlî bu dönemde Ehl-i Sünnet dışı grupların görüşlerine karşı reddiyeler yazarak mücadele etmiş, Mutezile ve Bâtınîlik'e karşı altı tane eser yazmıştır.

Felsefeye karşı verdiği mücadele ile İslam dünyasında felsefi düşüncenin gelişmesini önlediği düşünülmektedir. Yunan felsefesine karşı yazdığı reddiyeler sonucunda İbn Rüşd, İbn-i Tufeyl ve İbn Bacce gibi düşünürler felsefeyi ona karşı savunmak ihtiyacı duydular. Gazzâlî felsefe öğrenerek ve felsefi yöntemler kullanarak felsefecilerle tartışmış, sert eleştirilerini reddiyeler şeklinde yazarak Aristoteles, İbn-i Sina ve Farabi'nin üzerine yöneltmiştir.

Gazzâlî'nin felsefeye yönelik olumsuz tutumuna karşın mantığın birçok yanını İslam din bilimlerine sokmada önemli katkısı olmuştur.

Gazzâlî İslam inanç felsefesi olan Kelâm'ın daha çok akaid kısmına önem vermiş ve akıl yerine sezgiyi ön planda tutmuştur. Mantık ve münazara ilkelerini kullanmıştır. Bununla beraber Kelam ile tatmin olmayan Gazzâlî tasavvufa yönelerek aklın yerine mükaşefeyi koymuştur. Sûfizm ve Şeriat alanında büyük rol oynamış, Sûfizm kavramını şeriat yasaları ile birleştirmiş, eserlerinde tasavvufu ilk olarak teorik anlamda açıklamıştır. Çalışmalarında Ehl-i Sünnet görüşünü benimsediği ve diğer görüşlere karşıt olduğu da söylenebilir. Katkılarıyla tasavvufun uzun süre yaşayabilmesini sağladı.

Gazzâlî Orta Çağ Müslüman ve Hristiyan filozoflarını büyük ölçüde etkilemiş, çalışmaları İslam dünyasında Avrupalı bilginlerin dikkatini çeken ilk şey olmuştur. Aziz Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) bunlardan biridir. Gazzâlî'nin etkisi Aziz Thomas Aquinas'ın Hristiyan teolojisi ile ilgili çalışmalarıyla karşılaştırılsa da ikisi arasında metot ve inanç bakımından bazı büyük farklılıklar vardır. Gazzâlî Müslüman inancına sahip olmayan (Aristoteles ve Sokrates gibi Antik Yunan filozofları) düşünürleri ve onların fikirlerini reddeder. Thomas Aquinas ise Yunan ve Latin etkilerini çalışmalarında göstermiş ve bütün herkesi kucaklamıştır.

Gazzâlî'nin kitapları birçok Batı diline çevrilmiştir. Eyyühe'l Veled adlı kitabı UNESCO tarafından 1951'de Fransızca'ya, İngilizce'ye ve İspanyolca'ya tercüme edilmiş ve bunun gibi birçok kitabı da çeşitli dillere çevrilerek basılmıştır.

Gazzâlî ve tasavvuf

Gazzâlî'nin doğduğu ve büyüdüğü yer olan Tus, o yüzyılda büyük bir tasavvuf merkezi olarak anılıyordu. Gazzâlî'nin öğrencilik hayatında tasavvuf geri planda kaldı. Geçirmiş olduğu ruhsal bunalım sonrasında tasavvufa yöneldi. Silsile-i saâdât'tan olan hocası Ebu Ali Farmedi'den dersler alarak, tasavvuf konusunda icazet aldı. Gazzâlî'ye göre tasavvuf, insanın manevi hastalıklarından kurtulmasında en önemli etkendir. Kimya-i Saadet adlı eserinde şöyle der;

Âlimlerin sınıflandırılması
Gazzâlî hakikati araştıran âlimleri dört sınıfa ayırır.
 Bâtınîler: Hakikatin "imam"dan talim yolu ile öğrenileceğini kabül ederler.
 Filozoflar: Hakikatin bürhan, delil ve mantıkla öğrenileceğini kabûl ederler.
 Kelâmcılar: Rey ve istidlâl sahibi olduklarını kabül ederler.
 Mutasavvıflar: Hakikatin keşf ve ilhamla öğrenileceğini kabül ederler.

Etkisi
Gazali yaşamı boyunca bilim, İslami akıl yürütme ve tasavvuf da dahil olmak üzere çok çeşitli konuları kapsayan 70'ten fazla kitap yazmıştır. Eserlerinde tasavvufun ilk resmi tanımını yaparak tasavvuf ve şeriatın sentezinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Ayrıca yazıları, özellikle Batıniler olarak bilinen İsmaili mezhebinin İran topraklarında nüfuz kazandığı bir dönemde Sünni İslam'ın konumunu güçlendirmiştir. Gazali, Ezoteristlerin İftiraları adlı eserinde İsmailileri kâfir ilan edecek kadar ileri gitmiş ve onların kanının dökülmesine izin vermiştir.

Gazali'nin dini felsefesinin ana temalarından biri, yaratıcının tüm insan yaşamının odak noktası olduğu ve dünyevi işleri doğrudan etkilediği inancıydı. Eserleri David Hume, Dante, Aziz Thomas Aquinas ve Yahudi teolog Moses Ben Maimon da dahil olmak üzere Hıristiyan, İbrani ve Batılı akademisyenler ve filozoflar tarafından yaygın olarak okunduğu ve incelendiği için etkisi İslam dünyasının ötesine uzandı. Gazali'nin kayda değer katkılarından biri, 12. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyıla kadar İslami eğitimin temelini atan eğitim reformudur. Eserleri aynı zamanda İslam matematiği ve astronomisinin gelişiminde de önemli bir rol oynamış, At-Tusi gibi alimler büyük ölçüde onun yazılarına dayanmışlardır.

Gazali kendisini bir filozoftan çok bir mistik olarak görse de, bazı akademisyenler onu İslam felsefesi ve düşüncesinde önemli bir figür olarak kabul etmektedir. Yaklaşımını gerçek bilgi arayışı, felsefe ve bilimin daha derin bir şekilde anlaşılması ve mistisizm ile bilişin daha iyi kavranması olarak tanımlamıştır. Mantığı Medrese'deki İslami seminer müfredatına başarılı bir şekilde entegre etmesi, Arap felsefesinin altın çağının başlangıcına işaret etti.

Çağdaş dünyada Gazali'nin mirası İslami iş etiğine kadar uzanmakta, Yusif Sidani ve Akram Al Ariss gibi akademisyenler onun yazılarının bu alandaki etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Hatta Gazali'nin Muhammed Peygamber'den sonraki en büyük Müslüman şahsiyet olduğunu öne sürmektedirler. Geleneksel İslamcılar da Gazali'nin çalışmalarından, özellikle de Şeriat Hukuku üzerine tartışmalarından ilham almakta ve bir din alimi olarak statüsünden ödün vermeksizin felsefi mantık alanındaki uzmanlığını vurgulamaktadır.

Bazı oryantalist akademisyenler, Gazali'nin çağdaş felsefeleri reddetmesinin İslam dünyasında bilimsel ilerlemede düşüşe katkıda bulunduğunu ileri sürmüşlerdir.  Gazali, muhafazakâr İslami inançlarına meydan okuyan bazı felsefi fikirlerden, özellikle de Tanrı'nın her şeyi bilen ve hatta var olmayan bir varlık olabileceğini öne süren fikirleri tehdit olarak görmüştür.

Bununla birlikte, bu bakış açısının alternatif yorumlarla karşılaştığını belirtmek önemlidir. Gazali'nin kendi sözleri, din ve bilim arasındaki ilişkiye dair incelikli bir bakış açısına işaret etmektedir. "Matematiksel bilimleri inkâr ederek İslam'ın savunulması gerektiğini düşünen bir kimsenin dine karşı işlediği suç gerçekten de büyüktür" demiştir. "Hatadan Kurtuluş" adlı eserinde yer alan bu alıntı, matematiksel bilimleri ihmal etmenin bilime ya da akla karşı bir suç değil, dine karşı bir suç olduğuna dair inancının altını çizmektedir. Niyeti matematik çalışmalarını savunmak değil, bu bilimlerin din için bir tehdit oluşturduğu görüşünü kınamaktı. Ona göre matematik ve din farklı alanlara hitap etmekteydi ve birbirleriyle rekabet halinde değillerdi.

Gazali, "Çünkü vahyedilmiş Yasa hiçbir yerde bu bilimleri reddetmeyi ya da onaylamayı üstlenmez ve bu bilimler hiçbir yerde kendilerini dini meselelere yöneltmez" diyerek konumunu daha da netleştirmiştir. Özünde, dini öğretiler ile matematiksel bilimlerin farklı alanlarda yer aldığını ve birbirine karıştırılmaması gerektiğini savunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, yazılarının diğer bölümlerinde Gazali bazı felsefi fikirler hakkındaki endişelerini dile getirmiştir. Filozoflar tarafından yazılan kitapların yasaklanmasını savunmuş ve felsefeyi matematiksel, mantıksal, fiziksel, metafiziksel, politik ve ahlaki olmak üzere altı dala ayırmıştır.

Gazali'nin etkisi tarih boyunca İbn Rüşd, Ayn el-Kuzat Hemedani, Nevevi, İbn Tumart, René Descartes, Fahruddin Razi, Suyuti, Tan Malaka, Thomas Aquinas, David Hume, Seyfeddin el-Amidi, Esad Mayhani, Ali el-Kari ve Muhammed İbn Yahya el-Cenzi gibi çok çeşitli düşünürlere yayılmıştır.

Eserleri
Gazzâlî'nin, risâle ve reddiyeleri ile birlikte 500'e yakın kitap yazdığı hakkında bilgiler vardır. Mısırlı bilim insanı Abdurrahman Bedevî yapmış olduğu araştırmalara göre, Gazzâlî'nin 457 adet kitap yazdığını belirtir. Ancak günümüze kadar ulaşan eserlerinin sayısı 75 tanedir.

 İhya-u Ulumi'd-din - Gazzâlî'nin en çok bilinen ve en büyük eseridir. Bu kitapta fıkıh ve tasavvuf konuları ele alınmıştır. Dört kısımdan oluşur. Kitap yazılışından bu yana İslâm dünyasında çok okunan kitaplar arasındadır. Kitaba dair çeşitli şerhlerde yazılmıştır.
 El münkız mine'd Dalal - Bu kitabında, hakikate nasıl eriştiğini anlatmakta ve bazı fırkaları inceleyerek tenkit etmektedir.
 Makaasidü'l Felasife - Felsefeyi tenkit etmeden önceki incelemesidir.
 El Mustafa - Fıkıh usûlü'ne ait konular içerir, dört bölümden oluşmaktadır.
 Tehafütü'l Felasife - Aristo felsefesine tenkit amacıyla yazılmıştır.
 El İktisad fi'l İtikad - Kitap, itikad konuları içerir.
 Kimya-i Saadet - iman ve ahlaka ait konuları içerir. İhya'u Ulûmi'd Dîn kitabının kısa bir Farsçaya çevrisi niteliğini taşır.
 El Kıstasü'l Müstakim ve Fedâih-ul-Bâtınîyye - Bâtınîlere reddiye ve eleştiri olarak yazılmıştır.
 Bidayetü'l Hidaye - Din ve ahlak bilgilerini öğreten bir kitaptır. Birinci kısmında zahirî ibadet ve ahlaktan ikinci kısmında kalbin itaat ve isyanı konusunu ele alır. Daha sonra göz, kulak, dil, cinsiyet uzuvları, eller ve ayakların güzel kullanılmasından söz eder. Son bölümünde kalbin iki yüzlülük ve kibir gibi kötülüklerden temizlenmesi konularını anlatır.
 Miyarül İlim
 Mihekkun Nazar
 Mişkatü'l Envar - Nur Suresi 35. Ayet'in tefsîridir. İlahi nurların sırları hakkında yazılmış tasavvufi eserdir.
 Tefsir'u Yâkûti't Te'vîl
 Cevâhir'ül Kur'ân
 El Bâsıt
 El Vâsit
 Maksaadü'l–Esnâ fi Şerhi'l-Esmâü'l Hüsnâ
 Makaasıd Maznun'ü Bih la Gayri Ehlih
 El Vecîz
 Fedâihu'l Bâtıniyye: Batınilere tenkit ve reddiye olarak yazılmıştır.
 Mizanü'l Amel
 Faysal ül-tefrika beyne'l –İslâm ve'z-zendeka
 İlcam ül-avam an İlm-i Kelâm
 El Mustazhiri
 Er-Redd ül-cemil Ala Sarih
 Kitab ül-erbain
 Minhac ül-abidin
 Eyyühe'l Veled
 Mükâşefetü'l-Kulûb - 111 babtan oluşan tasavvufi eserdir.
 Nasihatü'l Müluk
 Ed-Dürc
 Mafsalü'l Hilaf
 Hüccetü'l Hak
 el-İmlâ alâ Müşkilâti'l-İhyâ - İhya-u Ulumi'd-din'de anlaşılması zor olan noktaları aydınlatmak için yazdı.

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
2020-2021 yılları arasında TRT 1'de yayınlanan Uyanış: Büyük Selçuklu dizisinde Cemal Toktaş tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

Dipnotlar
 Abdülğâfir el-Farisî (ö. 529/1135) – Gazalî'nin bir öğrencisi el-Siyâk li Tarihi Nîsâbur'''unun el-Muntahab mine's-Siyâk li Tarihi Nîsâbur başlıklı kısa yazısında,
 Ebu'l-Muzaffer Muhammed bin Ahmed el-Ebiverdî'nin (ö. 507/1113) Gazalî hakkındaki övgü şiirinde,
 Ebu Bekir bin el-Arabî (ö. 543/1143) – Gazalî'nin diğer öğrencisi el-Avâsım mine'l-Kavâsım adlı kitabında,
 İbn Asâkir (ö. 581/1176) – Tebyinü Kâzibi'l-Müfterî ve Tarihu Dimeşk adlı kitaplarında,
 İbnü'l-Cevzî (ö. 597/1201) el-Muntazam fi't-Tarih adlı kitabında,
 Yâkut el-Hamevî (ö. 626/1228) Mu'cemü'l-Büldân adlı kitabında,
 Ali İbnü'l-Esîr (ö. 636/1239) El-Kamil fi't-Tarih Cilt 10. sayfa 173.
 Sıbt ibnü'l-Cevzî (ö. 654/1257) Mir'âtü'z-Zaman adlı kitabında,
 İbn Kesir (ö. 774/1373) el-Bidâye ve'n-Nihâye'' adlı kitabında,

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Ebu Hamid el-Gazalî

1058 doğumlular
1111 yılında ölenler
Ahlâkçılar
İranlı dinî liderler
Nişabur doğumlular
Mutasavvıflar
Orta Çağ filozofları
İslam filozofları
Tus doğumlular
Tus'ta ölenler
Şafiî fıkıh âlimleri
Eşariler
Şafiiler

Gazzâlî


Diehl Defense GmbH & Co. KG je njemački proizvođač oružja sa sjedištem u Überlingenu. Djeluje kao odjel Diehl Stiftunga i specijalizirana je za proizvodnju projektila i streljiva.

Diehl BGT Defense osnovan je 2004. spajanjem Bodenseewerke Gerätetechnik GmbH i Diehl Munitionssysteme GmbH & Co. KG. U veljači 2017. Diehl BGT Defence i Diehl Defence Holding integrirani su u Diehl Defence.

Godine 1960. tvrtka Bodenseewerke Gerätetechnik postala je glavni izvođač za proizvodnju američke rakete zrak-zrak Sidewinder AIM-9B u Europi.

Nadovezujući se na znanje stečeno iz tehnologije infracrvenog navođenja Sidewindera, Diehl Defense je razvio sustav traženja za IRIS-T projektil zrak-zrak srednjeg dometa. Uveden 2005., IRIS-T je do listopada 2022 uveden u oružane snage 13 zemalja.

Proizvodi
 AIM-9 Sidewinder
 AGM ARMIGER
 EUROSPIKE
 IRIS-T
 IRIS-T SL / IRIS-T SLS (uz MEADS)
 Dornier Viper]
 Fliegerfaust 2 - Licencirani razvoj i proizvodnja projektila STINGER POST od kasnih 1980-ih nadalje (od 2004. nadalje u zajedničkom pothvatu s Raytheonom). Diehl je izvorno bio koordinator projekta, s Dornierom kao glavnim izvođačem i Bodenseewerkom koji je proizvodio sustave za navođenje. Na kraju je Diehl preuzeo odgovarajuće interese i odgovornosti tih tvrtki u programu.
 GMLRS
 NADA/HOSBO
 IDAS (projektil lansiran s podmornice, planiran za novu podmornicu klase 212 A)
 Barakuda (koprecipitirajući torpedo)
 LFK NG
 PARS 3 LR
 Panzerfaust 3
 RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile
 RBS-15
 SMArt 155

Granate
 DM51 napadno-obrambena ručna granata
 DM58 ručna bomba za vježbanje
 Obrambena ručna granata DM61
 DM78 ručna bomba za vježbanje
 Upaljač ručne granate DM82
 MK7 Mod 0 Plutajući dimnjak
 76 mm IR/RP dimna granata
 76 mm IR/RP zračna granata
 80/81mm IR/RP dimna granata
 Brza dimna ručna granata RASMO

Galerija

Izvori

Njemački proizvođači oružja i vojne opreme

Diehl Defence


O Serviço Irlandês de Naturalização e Imigração faz parte do serviço civil da República da Irlanda. Funciona como uma agência executiva do Departamento de Justiça.

Visão geral
O Serviço Irlandês de Naturalização e Imigração (INIS) foi criado em 2005 para fornecer um 'balcão único' em relação a asilo, imigração, cidadania e vistos. O INIS é responsável pela administração das funções administrativas do Ministro da Justiça em matéria de asilo, imigração (incluindo vistos) e questões de cidadania. O INIS também facilita toda uma abordagem governamental às questões de imigração e asilo, o que permite um serviço mais eficiente nessas áreas. Também trabalha com o Departamento de Empresa, Comércio e Emprego na emissão de autorizações de trabalho.

Estrutura
O Serviço está estruturado em várias áreas-chave – asilo, vistos, processamento de imigração e cidadania, política de asilo e imigração, repatriação e acolhimento e integração. A agência também mantém contato próximo com o Garda National Immigration Bureau em relação a muitos aspectos de seu trabalho, incluindo deportações e imigração ilegal. Membros da Garda Síochána de grau de Detetive, também portadores do selo de Oficiais de Imigração, operam em tempo integral na sede em Burgh Quay. Um escritório de imigração de Garda também é mantido em todos os aeroportos e portos principais e em todas as sedes do distrito de Garda fora da região de Dublin.

Anteriormente, as responsabilidades eram partilhadas entre o Departamento de Justiça e o Departamento de Relações Exteriores, da Função Pública da República da Irlanda. Está localizado em 13/14 Burgh Quay, Dublin 2, Irlanda.

Referências

Irlanda


شركة صناعة الكيماويات البترولية هي إحدى الشركات التابعة لمؤسسة البترول الكويتية تأسست في 23 يوليو 1963. و في عام 1966 تم العمل في مصنع السماد الكيماوي في منطقة الشعيبة و الذي يعد الأول في منطقة الخليج العربي.

المشاريع المشتركة
قامت شركة صناعات الكيماويات بعدد من شركات المحاصة و هي:
 إم إي جلوبل (MEGlobal) تأسست عام 2004 كشراكة بين شركة صناعات الكيماويات و شركة داو للكيماويات و تملك الشركة مصنعين للإثيلين جليكول في ألبرتا، كندا، كما تملك حق توزيع 2,800,000 طن من الإثيلين جليكول من مصانع شركة داو للكيماويات و إيكويت و شركة أوبتمال الماليزية.
 إيكويبوليمرس (Equipolymers) و هي شركة محاصة بين شركة صناعات الكيماويات و شركة داو للكيماويات، و تملك الشركة مصنع لإنتاج البولي إثيلين في إيطاليا و وحدتين لإنتاج البولي إثلين في ألمانيا.
 شركة القرين للصناعة الكيماويات البترولية تأسست في نوفمبر 2004 كشركة مساهمة عام تملك شركة صناعة الكيماويات البترولية 10% من أسهمها.
 إيكويت (EQUATE) تأسست عام 1995 و هي مملوكة بنسبة 42.5% لكل من شركة صناعة الكيماويات البترولية و شركة داو للكيماويات و 6% لكل من شركة القرين للصناعة الكيماويات البترولية و شركة بوبيان للبتروكيماويات. و تبلغ قدرة إيكويت الإنتاجية ما يقارب 800,000 طن من الإثيلين و 600,000 طن من البولي إثيلين و 400,000 طن من إثيلين جليكول سنوياً.
 شركة الخليج لصناعة البتروكيماويات تأسست عام 1979 كشراكة بين الكويت و المملكة العربية السعودية و البحرين. و تملك الشركة مصنع لإنتاج الأمونيوم و اليوريا و الميثانول في جزيرةسترة، البحرين.
 شركة الكويت الآروماتية تأسست في يونيو 2004 تقوم بإنتاج المركبات العطرية و مركبات الزيلين. و تملك شركة صناعة الكيماويات البترولية نسبة 80%من الشركة و البقية تملكها شركة القرين للصناعة الكيماويات البترولية.

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للشركة

المراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1963 في الكويت
شركات النفط والغاز في الكويت

شركة صناعة الكيماويات البترولية


محافظة توين كوانغ  ( بالفيتنامية : Tuyên Quang ) هي إحدى محافظات فيتنام. وتقع في شمال شرق.

المصادر

روابط إضافية
 Official Site of Tuyen Quang Government

شمال شرق (فيتنام)
محافظات فيتنام
مقاطعة توين كوانج

محافظة توين كوانغ


Michael A. "Mike" Ferguson (* 22. Juni 1970 in Ridgewood, New Jersey) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 2001 und 2009 vertrat er den Bundesstaat New Jersey im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Michael Ferguson besuchte die Delbarton School in Morristown. Danach studierte er zunächst an der University of Notre Dame in Indiana und dann an der Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Anschließend arbeitete er als Lehrer. Gleichzeitig begann er als Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 2000 wurde Ferguson im siebten Wahlbezirk von New Jersey in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington gewählt, wo er am 3. Januar 2001 die Nachfolge von Bob Franks antrat. Nach drei Wiederwahlen konnte er bis zum 3. Januar 2009 vier Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. In seine Zeit als Kongressabgeordneter fielen die Terroranschläge am 11. September 2001, der Irakkrieg und der Militäreinsatz in Afghanistan. Ferguson war zeitweise Mitglied im Finanzausschuss, im Verkehrsausschuss, im Committee on Small Business und dem Ausschuss für Energie und Handel. Er galt im Kongress als moderater Republikaner. Im Jahr 2008 verzichtete er auf eine erneute Kandidatur.

Nach seinem Ausscheiden aus dem US-Repräsentantenhaus wurde Mike Ferguson Vorstandsvorsitzender der in Washington ansässigen Beraterfirma Ferguson Strategies LLC. Er ist verheiratet und lebt in New Providence.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für New Jersey
Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1970
Mann

Mike Ferguson


Sorin Gigel Roca  (n. 12 februarie 1960) este un scrimer român specializat pe floretă.
A fost campion balcanic în 1979. În anul următor, a participat la proba pe echipe de la Jocurile Olimpice de la Moscova, clasându-se pe locul 5.

Referințe

Scrimeri olimpici români
Scrimeri la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1980
Floretiști

Sorin Roca


مدينة هاتشيؤوجي  هي مدينة تقع في غرب محافظة طوكيو، اليابان على بعد 40 كيلومتر من غرب مركز العاصمة طوكيو.

في عام 2007، وصل التعداد السكاني للمدينة إلى 542,712 نسمة. والمساحة الإجمالية 186.31 كم مربع. وهي ثامن أكبر مدينة في طوكيو الكبرى.
يحيط بالمدينة من ثلاث جهات الجبال والتي من أشهرها جبل تاكاو، وهي مفتوحة من الناحية الغربية باتجاه مركز طوكيو.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لهاتشيؤوجي:

توأمة
لهاتشيؤوجي (طوكيو) اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
 توماكوماي (10 أغسطس 1973 - )

أعلام

 تاكيشي أونو
 يوسوكي تاناكا
 أيومي هارا
 شويا ناكاجيما
 كازوكي هيراموتو
 مينامي تاكاهاشي

معرض صور

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع مدينة هاتشيؤوجي باللغة الإنكليزية

هاتشيؤوجي (طوكيو)
أماكن التي يقام فيها أوليمبياد سباق الدراجات
مدن طوكيو

ملاعب الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1964

هاتشيؤوجي (طوكيو)


An Eragrostis amabilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Robert Wight och George Arnott Walker Arnott. An Eragrostis amabilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eragrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Eragrostis

Eragrostis amabilis


Ediție a 32-a Cupei Mondiale de Scrimă s-a desfășurat din octombrie 2002 până la Campionatul Mondial de la Havana.

Spadă individual

Floretă individual

Sabie individual

Spadă pe echipe

Floretă pe echipe

Sabie pe echipe

Referințe
 Clasamentul FIE

2003 în scrimă
2004 în scrimă
Cupa Mondială de Scrimă

Cupa Mondială de Scrimă din 2002-2003


Når staten slår ihjel er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Jørgen Flindt Pedersen efter manuskript af Jørgen Flindt Pedersen.

Handling
I Huntsville-fængslet i Texas, USA, venter 400 fanger på at blive henrettet. Fire dødsdømte - den ene af dem er nu løsladt som uskyldig, hans forseelse var at være sort - medvirker i denne film, som sætter fokus på en amerikansk stats håndtering af dødsstraffen. Mange af de dødsdømte har i flere omgange fået meddelt tidspunktet for eksekveringen, for så kort tid før denne at have fået udskydelse. Omkring de dødsdømte er der politikere, der slår kraftigt til lyd for dødsstraffen, en presse der betragter det hele som godt stof, en Dr. Death, som vurderer, om de dødsdømte vil kunne gentage forbrydelsen og derfor bør henrettes, og pårørende til ofrene for de dødsdømte. Filmen beskriver et system og dets aktører og lægger op til debat om denne straffeform. Se også »Gift med en dødsdømt«.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1994

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Når staten slår ihjel


An Peristeria violacea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Josst, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ernesto Foldats. An Peristeria violacea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Peristeria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Peristeria

Peristeria violacea


Recueil des Travaux Botaniques Néerlandais, (abreviado Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl.), es una revista ilustrada con descripciones botánicas que fue editada en los Países Bajos y de la que se publicaron 42 números en los años 1904-1950. Fue reemplazada por ''Acta botanica Neerlandica.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
en IPNI

Revistas de botánica
Revistas científicas de los Países Bajos
Revistas científicas en francés
Revistas desaparecidas de los Países Bajos
Publicaciones fundadas en 1904
Publicaciones desaparecidas en 1950


Vlad Muțiu ()

Note

Nașteri în 1995
Fotbaliști ai FC Dinamo București
Oameni în viață
Fotbaliști români

Vlad Muțiu


في عام 1948 دعت جمعية الصحة العالمية لأولى إلى تكريس «يوم عالمي للصحة» لإحياء ذكرى تأسيس منظمة الصحة العالمية. ومنذ عام 1950، جرى الاحتفال سنوياً بيوم الصحة العالمي في السابع من أبريل. ويتم، كل عام، اختيار موضوع ليوم الصحة العالمي لتركيز على مجال من المجالات التي تثير القلق وتحظى بالأولية في سلّم منظمة الصحة العالمية. وذلك اليوم هو أيضاً مناسبة لاستهلال برنامج دعوي طويل الأجل يتم في إطاره الاضطلاع بشتى الأنشطة وتخصيص موارد لفترة لا تقتصر على يوم 7 نيسان/أبريل بل تتجاوزه أما دستور المنظمة فقد جاء في أيار/ مايو عام 1984 عندما صادقت 26 دولة من الدول الأعضاء الإحدى و الستين بالموافقة عليه فيما بعد عقدت الجمعية العمومية الأولى للصحة العالمية في جينيف بحضور مندوبين من 53 دولة أصبحوا أعضاء في المنظمة.

الشعارات
تحتفل منظمة الصحة العالمية بهذا اليوم باعتماد إطلاق شعار يركز على القضايا الصحية العمومية التي تؤثر في المجتمع الدولي و من هذه الشعارات:
 عام 1995: استئصال شلل الأطفال العالمي.
 عام 1996: المدن الصحية لحياة أفضل.
 عام 1997: الأمراض المعدية الصاعدة.
 عام 1998: الأمومة الآمنة.
 عام 1999: مواصلة المسنين لنشاطهم ضمان لصحتهم.
 عام 2000: سلامة الدم مسؤولية كل فرد فينا و في الدم المأمون إنقاذ للحياة.
 عام 2001: لن نخذل الصحة النفسية ولن نخذل مرضاها.
 عام 2002: في الحركة صحة وبركة.
 عام 2003: تنشئة الأطفال في بيئة صحية ضمان للمستقبل.
 عام 2004: السلامة على الطرق.
 عام 2005 :لا تبخسوا أماً ولا طفلاً مكانتهما في المجتمع.
 عام 2006: لنعمل معا من أجل الصحة.
 عام 2007: الأمن الصحي الدولي.
 عام 2008: حماية الصحة من تغير المناخ.
 عام 2009: المستشفيات الآمنة تنقذ الأرواح أثناء الطوارئ.
 عام 2010: كن جزءاِ من حركة عالمية لجعل المدن أكثر صحة.
 عام 2011: مقاومة مضادات الميكروبات: إذا تقاعسنا اليوم لن نجد العلاج غداً.
 عام 2012: الشيخوخة والصحة: الصحة الجيدة تضيف حياةً إلى السنين.
 عام 2013: ضغط الدم الصحي.
 عام 2014: لدغة بسيطة تساوي خطراً كبيراً.
 عام 2015: حفظ الأطعمة.
 عام 2016: مرض السكري.
 عام 2017: الاكتئاب: دعنا نتحدث.
 عام 2018: تغطية صحية شاملة لجميع الناس، في أي مكان.
 عام 2019: التغطية الصحية الشاملة.
 عام 2020: دعم الممرضات والقابلات
 عام 2021: بناء عالم أكثر عدلاً وصحة للجميع

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي لمنظمة الصحة العالمية

أيام الأمم المتحدة
أيام التوعية الصحية
صحة
مناسبات أبريل
منظمة الصحة العالمية

يوم الصحة العالمي


Havelock-Belmont-Methuen is a township in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, in Peterborough County. On January 1, 1998, Belmont and Methuen Township amalgamated with the Village of Havelock to form what is now Havelock-Belmont-Methuen.

History

The region's colonial history began with an influx of settlers after Belmont and Methuen Township was surveyed in 1823. The community of Havelock was incorporated as an independent village in 1892.

Havelock was named after the British general, Sir Henry Havelock.

Early settlers built their homes in an area of dense forests and numerous lakes and rivers within the rocky Canadian Shield. They survived by means of fishing, logging, and farming.

By 1869, Blairton, in the Township of Belmont County, was a village with a population of 500. The village was near the richest iron mines in the Dominion. Miners and laborers were in great demand. The village was a station of the Cobourg, Peterborough & Marmora Railway. The land in the vicinity was almost all taken up. There were stages to Norwood and Marmora.

Later, in the nineteenth century and continuing to the present, mining became an important economic activity. Early businesses in Havelock included a post office, bakery, and a blacksmith were located south of the current village on high ground at the intersection of County Road 30 and Old Norwood Road. In 1881, the Canadian Pacific Railway surveyed a right-of-way through the area north of Havelock and a year later laid rails and surveyed and filled the swampy land to make room for a larger village.
The current village of Havelock was developed on the filled land by the tracks north of the former village site and was incorporated in 1892. In the fall of 1884, the first full passenger train stopped at Havelock, from Toronto on its way to Smith's Falls. In 1961, the Havelock branch of the Toronto-Dominian Bank was robbed, in what was described by the Toronto Star in 2021 as "one of the biggest bank robberies in Canadian history."

Havelock was an important freight depot from the 1880s to the 1960s. The railway is now run by Canadian Pacific as Kawartha Lakes Railway and its activity today consists of transporting nepheline syenite and crushed basalt rock from two mines north of Havelock operated by Unimin. In 1998, the village of Havelock was amalgamated with the township of Belmont-Methuen to form the current township of Havelock-Belmont-Methuen.

Historic School
The old school, a two-story building now known as the Hilltop Apartments, stands at the northwest corner of Oak Street and Mathison Street, Havelock. In 1890 to 1963 Havelock area students attended this school which in 1937 was renamed Havelock High School. In 1952 Havelock High School students were transferred to the new Norwood District High School in the neighbouring town of Norwood, Ontario. In 1963 Havelock Public School students were transferred to the new Havelock Public School, east of the Havelock Community Centre. In 1963 the school building was sold and converted to apartments. In September, 2005 the Havelock High School Reunion Committee placed in front of the apartments a commemorative plaque bolted to a large red granite stone from a local quarry.

Railway Station
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) station on Ottawa Street (Hwy #7) in Havelock was built in 1929. It was designated in 1991 as a Heritage Railway Station by the Historic Sights and Monuments Board, Parks Canada. In 2004 the Station was purchased and renovated to accommodate restaurants.

Local Government
The town's council includes a Mayor, Deputy Mayor, and three Councillors elected on the basis of one per ward, who is elected to join the mayor at meetings of Peterborough County Council. The members of council elected in 2018 are:

Mayor: Jim Martin

Deputy Mayor: David Gerow

Councillors:

 At Large: Hart Webb
 Township Ward: Larry Ellis
 Village Ward: Barry Pomeroy

Communities
The township comprises the communities of Ashby Mill, Belmont Lake, Blairton (ghost town), Blairton Station, Blue Mountain, Chase Corners, Cordova Mines, Freeman Corners, Jack Lake, Havelock, Kasshabog Lake, MacDonald Bay, Nephton (ghost town), Oak Lake, Preneveau, Rockdale, Round Lake, Rush Point and Vansickle.

Havelock is the site of an annual country music festival, the Havelock Country Jamboree, in August.
Havelock Country Jamboree celebrated its 30th Anniversary in the summer of 2019.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Havelock-Belmont-Methuen had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 92.0%
 French as first language: 1.1%
 English and French as first language: 1.1%
 Other as first language: 5.8%

See also
List of townships in Ontario

References

External links

Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario
Municipalities in Peterborough County
Township municipalities in Ontario

Havelock-Belmont-Methuen


Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant imagery and other phenomena.

The term photogrammetry was coined by the Prussian architect Albrecht Meydenbauer, which appeared in his 1867 article "Die Photometrographie."

There are many variants of photogrammetry.  One example is the extraction of three-dimensional measurements from two-dimensional data (i.e. images); for example, the distance between two points that lie on a plane parallel to the photographic image plane can be determined by measuring their distance on the image, if the scale of the image is known.  Another is the extraction of accurate color ranges and values representing such quantities as albedo, specular reflection, metallicity, or ambient occlusion from photographs of materials for the purposes of physically based rendering.

Close-range photogrammetry refers to the collection of photography from a lesser distance than traditional aerial (or orbital) photogrammetry. Photogrammetric analysis may be applied to one photograph, or may use high-speed photography and remote sensing to detect, measure and record complex 2D and 3D motion fields by feeding measurements and imagery analysis into computational models in an attempt to successively estimate, with increasing accuracy, the actual, 3D relative motions.

From its beginning with the stereoplotters used to plot contour lines on topographic maps, it now has a very wide range of uses such as sonar, radar, and lidar.

Methods

Photogrammetry uses methods from many disciplines, including optics and projective geometry. Digital image capturing and photogrammetric processing includes several well defined stages, which allow the generation of 2D or 3D digital models of the object as an end product. The data model on the right shows what type of information can go into and come out of photogrammetric methods.

The 3D coordinates define the locations of object points in the 3D space. The image coordinates define the locations of the object points' images on the film or an electronic imaging device. The exterior orientation of a camera defines its location in space and its view direction. The inner orientation defines the geometric parameters of the imaging process. This is primarily the focal length of the lens, but can also include the description of lens distortions. Further additional observations play an important role: With scale bars, basically a known distance of two points in space, or known fix points, the connection to the basic measuring units is created.

Each of the four main variables can be an input or an output of a photogrammetric method.

Algorithms for photogrammetry typically attempt to minimize the sum of the squares of errors over the coordinates and relative displacements of the reference points. This minimization is known as bundle adjustment and is often performed using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.

Stereophotogrammetry

A special case, called stereophotogrammetry, involves estimating the three-dimensional coordinates of points on an object employing measurements made in two or more photographic images taken from different positions (see stereoscopy). Common points are identified on each image. A line of sight (or ray) can be constructed from the camera location to the point on the object.  It is the intersection of these rays (triangulation) that determines the three-dimensional location of the point. More sophisticated algorithms can exploit other information about the scene that is known a priori, for example symmetries, in some cases allowing reconstructions of 3D coordinates from only one camera position. Stereophotogrammetry is emerging as a robust non-contacting measurement technique to determine dynamic characteristics and mode shapes of non-rotating and rotating structures. The collection of images for the purpose of creating photogrammetric models can be called more properly, polyoscopy, after Pierre Seguin

Integration

Photogrammetric data can be complemented with range data from other techniques.  Photogrammetry is more accurate in the x and y direction while range data are generally more accurate in the z direction .  This range data can be supplied by techniques like LiDAR, laser scanners (using time of flight, triangulation or interferometry), white-light digitizers and any other technique that scans an area and returns x, y, z coordinates for multiple discrete points (commonly called "point clouds").  Photos can clearly define the edges of buildings when the point cloud footprint can not.  It is beneficial to incorporate the advantages of both systems and integrate them to create a better product.

A 3D visualization can be created by georeferencing the aerial photos and LiDAR data in the same reference frame, orthorectifying the aerial photos, and then draping the orthorectified images on top of the LiDAR grid. It is also possible to create digital terrain models and thus 3D visualisations using pairs (or multiples) of aerial photographs or satellite (e.g. SPOT satellite imagery). Techniques such as adaptive least squares stereo matching are then used to produce a dense array of correspondences which are transformed through a camera model to produce a dense array of x, y, z data which can be used to produce digital terrain model and orthoimage products. Systems which use these techniques, e.g. the ITG system, were developed in the 1980s and 1990s but have since been supplanted by LiDAR and radar-based approaches, although these techniques may still be useful in deriving elevation models from old aerial photographs or satellite images.

Applications

Photogrammetry is used in fields such as topographic mapping, architecture, filmmaking, engineering, manufacturing, quality control, police investigation, cultural heritage, and geology. Archaeologists use it to quickly produce plans of large or complex sites, and meteorologists use it to determine the wind speed of tornadoes when objective weather data cannot be obtained.

It is also used to combine live action with computer-generated imagery in movies post-production; The Matrix is a good example of the use of photogrammetry in film (details are given in the DVD extras). Photogrammetry was used extensively to create photorealistic environmental assets for video games including The Vanishing of Ethan Carter as well as EA DICE's Star Wars Battlefront. The main character of the game Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice was derived from photogrammetric motion-capture models taken of actress Melina Juergens.

Photogrammetry is also commonly employed in collision engineering, especially with automobiles. When litigation for a collision occurs and engineers need to determine the exact deformation present in the vehicle, it is common for several years to have passed and the only evidence that remains is crash scene photographs taken by the police. Photogrammetry is used to determine how much the car in question was deformed, which relates to the amount of energy required to produce that deformation. The energy can then be used to determine important information about the crash (such as the velocity at time of impact).

Mapping

Photomapping is the process of making a map with "cartographic enhancements" that have been drawn from a photomosaic that is "a composite photographic image of the ground," or more precisely, as a controlled photomosaic where "individual photographs are rectified for tilt and brought to a common scale (at least at certain control points)."

Rectification of imagery is generally achieved by "fitting the projected images of each photograph to a set of four control points whose positions have been derived from an existing map or from ground measurements. When these rectified, scaled photographs are positioned on a grid of control points, a good correspondence can be achieved between them through skillful trimming and fitting and the use of the areas around the principal point where the relief displacements (which cannot be removed) are at a minimum."

"It is quite reasonable to conclude that some form of photomap will become the standard general map of the future." They go on to suggest that, "photomapping would appear to be the only way to take reasonable advantage" of future data sources like high altitude aircraft and satellite imagery.

Archaeology

Demonstrating the link between orthophotomapping and archaeology, historic airphotos photos were used to aid in developing a reconstruction of the Ventura mission that guided excavations of the structure's walls.

Overhead photography has been widely applied for mapping surface remains and excavation exposures at archaeological sites. Suggested platforms for capturing these photographs has included: War Balloons from World War I; rubber meteorological balloons; kites; wooden platforms, metal frameworks, constructed over an excavation exposure; ladders both alone and held together with poles or planks; three legged ladders; single and multi-section poles; bipods; tripods; tetrapods, and aerial bucket trucks ("cherry pickers").

Handheld, near-nadir, overhead digital photographs have been used with geographic information systems (GIS) to record excavation exposures.

Photogrammetry is increasingly being used in maritime archaeology because of the relative ease of mapping sites compared to traditional methods, allowing the creation of 3D maps which can be rendered in virtual reality.

3D modeling
A somewhat similar application is the scanning of objects to automatically make 3D models of them. Since photogrammetry relies on images, there are physical limitations when those images are of an object that has dark, shiny or clear surfaces. In those cases, the produced model often still contains gaps, so additional cleanup with software like MeshLab, netfabb or MeshMixer is often still necessary. Alternatively, spray painting such objects with matte finish can remove any transparent or shiny qualities.

Google Earth uses photogrammetry to create 3D imagery.

There is also a project called Rekrei that uses photogrammetry to make 3D models of lost/stolen/broken artifacts that are then posted online.

Software

There exist many software packages for photogrammetry; see comparison of photogrammetry software.

Apple introduced a photogrammetry API called Object Capture for macOS Monterey at the 2021 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. In order to use the API, a MacBook running macOS Monterey and a set of captured digital images are required.

See also

References

Sources

External links

 History of Photogrammetry
 Photogrammetry overview on the Cultural Heritage Imaging web site

Articles containing video clips
Geodesy

Photogrammetry


عقد 490 هو عقد امتد بين 1 يناير 490 و31 ديسمبر 499 بحسب التقويم الميلادي. سبقه عقد 480 ولحقه عقد 500.

أحداث

مواليد

 أولمبردس الصغير (495)
 كلودومير الأول (495)
 شيلديبيرت الأول (497)
 كلوتير الأول (498)
 أمالاسونثا (495)
 الجرو بن كليب (495)
 عبد المطلب بن هاشم (497)

وفيات

 هاشم بن عبد مناف (497)
 أثناسيوس الثاني (496)
 أودواكر (493)
 فليكس الثالث (492)
 الإمبراطور نينكين (498)
 بطرس الثالث (490)
 أناستاسيوس الثاني (498)
 جاماسب (499)
 غاليليوس الأول (496)
 زينون (491)

كتب

 موسوعة حضارة العالم (2002) لأحمد محمد عوف.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

 تصفح سنة بسنة عقد 490 ابتداءً من

عقد 490


Die All England 1935 fanden vom 4. bis zum 10. März 1935 in London statt. Es war die 31. Auflage des zu dieser Zeit bedeutendsten Badminton-Championats. Das Turnier fand zum 20. Mal in der Horticultural Hall in Westminster statt. Die Titel des Vorjahres konnten im Herrendoppel, Damendoppel und im Mixed verteidigt werden.

Austragungsort
 Lindley Hall, Royal Horticultural Halls, Vincent Square, Westminster

Finalergebnisse

Herreneinzel

Dameneinzel

Weblinks
 All England Champions 1899-2007

Badmintonwettbewerb in London
Badminton 1935
1935
Sportveranstaltung in der City of Westminster

All England 1935


The Flag of the Republic of Maldives () is green with a red border. The center bears a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the raising side of the flag. It was adopted on 25 July 1965.

The red rectangle represents the blood of the nation's heroes, and their willingness to sacrifice their every drop of blood in defense of their country. The green rectangle in the center symbolizes peace and prosperity. The white crescent moon symbolizes the Islamic faith of the state and authorities.

The colours are:
 Red: PMS 186C, RGB (210, 16, 52), Hex #D21034
 Green: PMS 348C, RGB (0, 128, 58), Hex #00803A
 White

History
The earliest flag of the Maldives consisted of a plain red field. Later, a black and white striped hoist called the Dhandimathi () was added to the flag.

This version of the flag was used until early in the 20th century when Abdul Majeed Didi added a crescent to the national flag. At the same time, a distinct state flag was made, which had the crescent on a green rectangle. These changes were made sometime between 1926 and 1932, during Abdul Majeed's term as Prime Minister.

In 1953, the Maldives became a republic, resulting in another flag change. The national flag was dropped and the crescent on the state flag was reversed so that it faced the hoist. The Sultanate was restored in 1954, but the flag was not changed back. Instead, Muhammad Fareed Didi created a new flag specifically for the Sultan, with a five-pointed star next to the crescent. A version of this flag is still used today as the Presidential Standard.

When the Maldives gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, the black and white hoist was removed, giving the flag its modern form.

Construction Sheet

Gallery

References

External links

National symbols of the Maldives
Maldives
Maldives
Maldives

Flag of Maldives


Hristo Evtimov Zlatinski (în ; )  un fotbalist bulgar de etnie macedoneană, care în prezent joacă ca mijlocaș pentru clubul  din .

Cariera
Zlatinski și-a început cariera în orașul său natal, Blagoevgrad la echipa locală Pirin. În 2005 a fost transferat de Lokomotiv Plovdiv. Timp de doi ani în Plovdiv a jucat în 46 de meciuri și a marcat 4 goluri. În această perioadă Zlatinski a jucat, de asemenea, pentru naționala under-21 a Bulgariei. În iunie 2007, el a semnat pentru trei ani cu Lokomotiv Sofia.
În 2010 Zlatinski a revenit la Lokomotiv Plovdiv.

La 18 iunie 2013 a ajuns la campioana bulgarei Ludogorets Razgrad. În timpul sezonului 2013/2014 din Europa League, a marcat două goluri cu șuturi de la mare distanță - în victoria scor 1:0 cu Cernomoreț Odessa și pe 27 februarie 2014, într-un egal scor 3:3 cu S. S. Lazio. El a devenit al treilea căpitan  al echipei și unul dintre liderii din vestiar. Pe parcursul întregului sezon Zlatinski a marcat 12 goluri în toate competițiile.

Carieră internațională
Zlatinski a fost convocat pentru prima dată la naționala Bulgariei în octombrie 2011 în mandatul lui Mihail Madanski. Pe 7 octombrie și-a făcut debutul pentru Bulgaria într-un amical pierdut în fața Ucrainei, scor 3-0.

Viața personală
El este căsătorit cu Vania. Ei au doi copii - o fiică pe nume Elia și un fiu Christian.

Club

Echipa națională

Titluri

 Ludogorets

 Prima Ligă Bulgară (2): 2013-14, 2014-15
 Cupa Bulgariei (1): 2013-14
 Supercupa Bulgariei (1): 2014

 Universitatea Craiova

 Cupa României: 2017-18

Referințe

Legături externe

Pagini cu citări cu argumente redundante
Nașteri în 1985
Mijlocași
Fotbaliști bulgari
Fotbaliști ai CSU Craiova
Fotbaliști ai FC Steaua București
Oameni în viață

Hristo Zlatinski


Karl-Markus Gauß () este un scriitor austriac de limbă germană.

Biografie

Activitate

Opere
 Im Wald der Metropolen, Zsolnay Verlag 2010, Viena
 Zu früh, zu spät, Zsolnay Verlag 2007, Viena
 Die versprengten Deutschen. Unterwegs in Litauen, durch die Zips und am Schwarzen Meer. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 2005
 Wirtshausgespräche in der Erweiterungszone. Otto Müller Verlag, Salzburg 2005
 Die Hundeesser von Svinia. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 2004
 Von nah, von fern. Ein Jahresbuch. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 2003
 Mit mir, ohne mich. Ein Journal. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 2002
 Die sterbenden Europäer. Unterwegs zu den Sepharden von Sarajevo, Gottscheer Deutschen, Arbëreshe, Sorben und Aromunen. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 2001
 Der Mann, der ins Gefrierfach wollte. Albumblätter. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 1999
 Ins unentdeckte Österreich. Nachrufe und Attacken. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 1998
 Das europäische Alphabet. Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena 1997
 Ritter, Tod und Teufel. Essay. Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt 1994
 Die Vernichtung Mitteleuropas. Essays. Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt 1991
 Der wohlwollende Despot. Über die Staatsschattengewächse - Essay. Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt 1989
 Tinte ist bitter. Literarische Porträts aus Barbaropa - Essays. Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt 1988
 Wann endet die Nacht. Über Albert Ehrenstein - ein Essay. Edition Moderne, Zürich 1986

Traduceri în limba română

Distincții

Note

Vezi și
 Literatura germană

Legături externe
 Publisher Otto Müller Verlag, Salzburg
 Publisher Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt
 Publisher Paul Zsolnay Verlag, Viena
 Literary Award: Georg Dehio-Buchpreis 2006

Nașteri în 1954
Scriitori austrieci din secolul al XX-lea
Scriitori austrieci din secolul al XXI-lea
Oameni din Salzburg
Eseiști austrieci
Oameni în viață
Scriitori de limbă germană

Karl-Markus Gauß


Die Getzner Textil AG ist ein international tätiger, österreichischer Textilhersteller mit Hauptsitz in Bludenz. Die Getzner Textil AG ist Teil der Holding Getzner, Mutter & CIE. Getzner Textil AG beschäftigt 1.047 Mitarbeiter. (2022; Getzner Textil Gruppe: 1.497 Mitarbeiter)

Geschichte
Das Unternehmen wurde im Jahr 1818 unter dem Firmennamen Getzner, Mutter & Cie von Christian Getzner, Franz Xaver Mutter und Andreas Gassner gegründet.

Ein Jahr später eröffnete das Unternehmen in Feldkirch die erste Rotfärberei Westösterreichs sowie seine erste Maschinenspinnerei. Im Jahr 1820 beschäftigte es rund 3000 Heimarbeiterinnen für die Spinnerei und Weberei im Raum Bludenz und den angrenzenden Tälern. 1827 wurde der heutige Standort in der Bleichestraße 1 in Bludenz begründet, als das Unternehmen die dortige städtische Bleiche übernahm.

Getzner in Bludenz und Bürs war, wie viele Textilbetriebe der damaligen Zeit, auch ein Pionier der regionalen elektrischen Energiegewinnung und Energieversorgung. Die ursprünglich mechanische Energieumwandlung wurde bei Getzner zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts auf Wasserkraftanlagen zur elektrischen Energiegewinnung umgestellt und es wurden neue Elektrizitätswerke gebaut. Als erstes Elektrizitätswerk der Getzner-Unternehmen ging 1897 das Mengbachwerk in Nenzing  in Betrieb. Bis etwa 1980 konnte der gesamte Stromverbrauch des Betriebs durch eigene Energiegewinnung abgedeckt werden.

1902 wurde bei einem Großbrand das fünfstöckige Fabrikgebäude der Getzner, Mutter & Cie. am Leonhardsplatz in Feldkirch vernichtet und nicht wieder aufgebaut.

Nach ausgedehnten internationalen Geschäftstätigkeiten des Unternehmens wurde im Jahr 1980 der textile Bereich des Unternehmens in die heute noch bestehende Aktiengesellschaft der Getzner Textil AG ausgelagert.

Ende März 2022 wurde der Produktionsstandort des Bludenzer Kraftwerksbauunternehmens Bertsch Holding in Nüziders von der Getzner Textil AG übernommen.

Tochterunternehmen
Die Getzner Textil AG verfügt über folgende Tochterunternehmen:
 WR Weberei Russikon AG (Russikon/Schweiz)
 Getzner Textil Weberei GmbH (Gera/Deutschland)
 Getzner Handel GmbH (Lustenau)
 TFE Textil GmbH (Bludenz/Nüziders)
 Kneitz GmbH (Bad Mitterndorf/Österreich)
 E. Schoepf, Stammbach, Deutschland

Produktion
Die Getzner Textil AG ist Hersteller von Bekleidungsdamasten (Afrika-Damast), Modestoffen für Hemden und Blusen, Corporate Fashion sowie technischen Textilien. Getzner produziert nach eigenen Angaben (2022) mit 710 Webmaschinen, vier Ausrüst- und zwei Färbereibetriebe jährlich etwa 77 Millionen Laufmeter Gewebe und erwirtschaftet damit einen Umsatz von 446 Millionen Euro. Der Exportanteil soll bei rund 95 % liegen (über 60 Länder).

Zertifizierungen und Auszeichnungen

Zertifizierungen
Zertifizierungen der Getzner Textil AG im Bereich der Produktion und des Umweltschutzes:
 bluesign
 Oeko-Tex "Standard 100 by Oeko-Tex", "STeP by Oeko-Tex", "Made in Green by Oeko-Tex"
 ÖKOPROFIT

Auszeichnungen
 Bester Arbeitgeber Vorarlbergs (Kategorie: über 300 Mitarbeiter)
 Vorarlbergs Familienunternehmen des Jahres (Kategorie: über 300 Mitarbeiter)
 Unternehmen des Jahres 2018 der Textilindustrie, eine vom Fachverband für Textil-, Bekleidung-, Schuh- und Lederindustrie vergebene Auszeichnung.
 Die Prozessabwärmenutzung wurde vom Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus als klima:aktiv-prämiertes Projekt ausgezeichnet.

Energieversorgung

Elektrizität
Die elektrische Energiegewinnung für das Unternehmen erfolgt seit 1897 in mehreren Kraftwerken:
 Alvierwerk I
 Alvierwerk II
 Klarenbrunn Oberstufe
 Klarenbrunn Unterstufe
 Bleiche, Mengbachwerk (1984 stillgelegt)
 Obere Spinnerei
 Untere Spinnerei
Die vier erstgenannten Anlagen waren 2021 in Betrieb.

Fernwärmenetz
Seit 2001 hat die Fa. Getzner ein eigenes Fernwärmenetz in Betrieb genommen. Damit werden neben dem Eigenbedarf, auch öffentliche Gebäude in der Umgebung versorgt. Unter anderem entstand zwischen 2016 und 2021 eine 900 m lange Fernwärmetrasse zur Beheizung des Frei- und Hallenbades ValBlu mit Produktionsabwärme. Die Wärmequellen sind Kompressoren und Rauchgaswärmetauscher der Dampfkesselanlagen.

Technische Daten des Fernwärmenetzes:
 Wärmeeintrag ins Fernwärmenetz: 6.200.000 kWh/Jahr (100 %),
 davon für öffentliche Gebäude: 3.000.000 kWh /Jahr (48,4 %),
 Eigenverbrauch: 3.200.000 kWh/Jahr (51,6 %),
 Investitionskosten: 800.000 Euro (davon 170.000 Euro gefördert).

Literatur

 Manfred A. Getzner: Das historische Stoffmuster-Archiv der Firma Getzner Textil AG in Bludenz (1890 bis 1960). In: Andreas Raffeiner (Hrsg.): Aspekte der Vorarlberger Landesgeschichte. Festschrift für Franz Mathis zum 75. Geburtstag. Verlag Dr. Kovač, Hamburg 2023 (Schriftenreihe geschichtswissenschaftliche Studien; 9), ISBN 978-3-339-13562-9, S. 97–100.

Weblinks

 Offizieller Webauftritt der Getzner Textil AG.
 bluesign® Standard
 Webseite Betriebsfeuerwehr der Getzner Textil AG

Einzelnachweise

Webereiunternehmen
Unternehmen (Bezirk Bludenz)
Organisation (Bludenz)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Österreich)

Getzner Textil


Der Inselwall (früher Petrithor-Promenade, dann Insel-Promenade) ist eine Straße in Braunschweig. Sie führt am südlichen Rand des Inselwallparks entlang.

Geschichte
Ab 1803 wurden die Festungsanlagen der Braunschweiger Okerinsel unter Leitung von Peter Joseph Krahe zu Parkanlagen umgewandelt. Auf der Innenseite dieser Wallanlagen wurden Promenaden errichtet, deren Namen heute auf "wall" enden. Diese Arbeiten begannen im Nordwesten der Okerinsel im ehemaligen Weichbild Neustadt, im Bereich des heutigen Inselwalls. Auch die dort gelegene Bammelsburg wurde um 1830 abgerissen. Die Straße wurde als Promenade mit kurvenreicher Führung errichtet, während die später angelegten Promenaden meist geradlinig geführt wurden. Sie trug den Namen "Insel-Promenade". Als eines von zwei Gebäuden wurde ab 1804 ein Haus an der heutigen Adresse Inselwall 1 für einen Schuhmacher errichtet; es besteht heute nicht mehr. Ab 1805 wurde die Villa Bierbaum im Osten des heutigen Inselwallparks errichtet, die 1864 das Geburtshaus der Schriftstellerin Ricarda Huch war und im Zweiten Weltkrieg beschädigt und später abgerissen wurde. Sie trug lange die Hausnummer 16. Nach "Bierbaums Insel", einem ehemaligen Ravelin im Westen des Parks, war die Straße benannt worden. 1845 war sie noch weitgehend unbebaut.

Die Straße wurde auf der Südseite zuerst mit Gartenhäusern, später mit Stadtvillen bebaut. Im mittleren Teil wurden einige mehrgeschossige Häuser auf der Nordseite errichtet. Auf dem ehemaligen Ravelin wurde 1880/81 nach Plänen von Constantin Uhde die Villa Löbbecke errichtet, die ebenfalls zum Inselwall gehört. Die "Villa Girsewald" im Inselwall wurde ebenso von Uhde entworfen und lag gegenüber der Villa Löbbecke. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurden fast alle Häuser zerstört und später durch einfachere Häuser ersetzt. 1956 erhielt Hannes Westermann den "Peter Joseph Krahe-Preis" für seinen Entwurf zum Haus Inselwall 6, ein zweigeschossiges Wohnhaus, das 1953 entstanden war.

Anlage und Verkehr
Der Inselwall ist rund 700 Meter lang und weist mehrere Kurven auf. Im Südwesten geht er in den Petritorwall über, im Nordosten schließt er an die Bammelsburger Straße und die Straße Am Gaußberg an. Die Schubertstraße in der Nähe des Gaußbergs zweigt vom Inselwall ab. Der Inselwall überquert den Neustadtmühlengraben und ist dort über eine Steintreppe mit den südlich gelegenen Straßen Okerstraße und An der Neustadtmühle verbunden, die dort aufeinandertreffen. Im östlichen Abschnitt verläuft der Inselwall parallel zum Bosselgraben. Die Straße ist zweispurig und wird beidseitig zum Parken genutzt. Entlang der Straße stehen zahlreiche große Laubbäume, vor allem Platanen. Mehrere Fußwege zweigen vom Inselwall in den Park ab. Einige Wege im Westteil führen zur Wehrbrücke oder zur Rosentalbrücke, zwei Fußgängerbrücken, die nahe dem Inselwall über den Westlichen Okerumflutgraben in das Westliche Ringgebiet führen.

Die meisten Häuser sind mehrgeschossige Wohnhäuser mit Gärten. Teilweise dienen sie auch gewerblichen Zwecken. Im Westen der Straße stehen einige Mehrfamilienhäuser. Im östlichen Abschnitt der Straße befindet sich jenseits des Bosselgrabens die Johannes-Selenka-Schule, die die Hausnummer 1 a trägt. Die Hausnummern wurden, wie in der Braunschweiger Kernstadt üblich, nach dem System der Hufeisennummerierung vergeben. Haus Nummer 1 liegt an der Treppe zur Okerstraße/An der Neustadtmühle. Von dort werden die Häuser Richtung Westen bis 10 gezählt, wobei drei Häuser die Nummer 3 aufweisen (3, 3 a, 3 b) und zwei Häuser die Nummer 10. Die Nummer 11 ist der Villa Löbbecke zugeordnet. Die vier weiteren Häuser nördlich der Straße tragen die Nummern 12 bis 15. Im Osten der Straße befindet sich das Pumpwerk Inselwall. Somit ist die Nordseite weitgehend unbebaut; der Inselwallpark reicht meist bis an die Straße.
Der Inselwall wurde 2011 zur Fahrradstraße umgewidmet und gehört damit zu einem System von Fahrradstraßen entlang des Braunschweiger Wallrings.

Die Straßenbahn bedient die Haltestelle "Inselwall". Sie liegt jedoch in der Straße "Am neuen Petritore" nahe dem westlichen Ende des Inselwalls.

Bauwerke
Die Johannes-Selenka-Schule ist eine berufsbildende Schule für zahlreiche technische Berufe. Sie wurde 1928/33 als "Knaben-Berufsschule" errichtet. Die Schule besteht seit 1855. Damals wurde sie als "Fortbildungsschule für Handwerker" gegründet, die an verschiedenen Standorten in Braunschweig unterrichtet wurden. 2005 erhielt sie den heutigen Namen, der an den Braunschweiger Hofbuchbindermeister Johannes Selenka erinnert.

Die Villa Löbbecke wurde 1880 bis 1881 im Baustil der Neorenaissance für den Bankier Alfred Löbbecke errichtet. Während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus diente sie zeitweise als Braunschweiger Hauptquartier der SS. 1944 wurde sie durch einen Bombenangriff zerstört. 1968 bis 2008 nutzte die Technische Universität Braunschweig die Villa als Gästehaus; seit 2011 dient sie als Bürohaus.

Impressionen

Literatur
 Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweigs Straßen – ihre Namen und ihre Geschichten. Band 1: Innenstadt. Elm-Verlag, Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-927060-11-9.
 Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Baudenkmale in Niedersachsen. Band 1.1.: Stadt Braunschweig. Teil 1. Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-252-4.
 Simon Paulus, Ulrich Knufinke: Der Braunschweiger Wallring. Wegweiser zur Geschichte und Architektur eines kulturhistorischen Denkmals. Mit Fotografien von Heinz Kudalla. Appelhans, Braunschweig 2011, ISBN 978-3-941737-59-4.
 Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Gartenkunst in Braunschweig: von den fürstlichen Gärten des Barock zum Bürgerpark der Gründerzeit. In: Braunschweiger Werkstücke. Reihe A Band 28/der ganzen Reihe Band 76, Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Braunschweig 1989, ISBN 3-87884-037-3.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Straße in Braunschweig
Straße in Europa
Fahrradstraße

Inselwall


Rudno es una villa polaca atravesada por el Río Rudno, que cuenta con una población de aproximadamente 745 habitantes.

Esta villa fue fundada en el siglo XIV, más concretamente en el año 1319.

Localidades del voivodato de Pequeña Polonia

Rudno (Krzeszowice)


São Salvador Portekiz'de Viseu belediyesine bağlı olan, 5,07 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 3.087 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Viseu

São Salvador (Viseu)


Bela Shende (Marathi: बेला शेंडे) es una cantante de playback o de reproducción india. Ella interpretó varias canciones de Bollywood dirigida a las películas de su región. Entre las canciones que interpretó fueron 'Aata Wajle Ki Baara' y 'Apsara Aali' para la película, así también entre otros éxitos

Además del idioma hindi, también ha interpretado canciones en lenguas marathi, urdu y tamil.

Premios y reconocimientos
 Mejor Cantante Femenina de reproducción-Bela Shende - Zee Gaurav Premio 2010 - Wajle Ki Bara.
 Mejor cantante de reproducción Mujer-Bela Shende - BIG premios FM 2010 - Apsara Aali
 Mejor Cantante Femenina de reproducción-Bela Shende - V Shantaram premios 2010 - Kashi Mi Jau Mathurechya Bajari
 Ganador de la TVS Sa Re Ga Ma Mega final
 Premio Nacional de RAPA - "Mejor cantante de reproducción" paraZHALE MOKALE Akash
 Raja Mantri Smruti Puraskar a manos de Vijay Tendulkar
 Nargis Dutt Premio
 IMI ZEE Sangeet Premio a la cantante Debut para el período 1999-2000 para 'Kaisa YEH Jadoo "el álbum en las manos de Bhupen Hazarika y Ravindra Jain.
 Pune Ki Ashapremio
 Premio Suheel Sneha premio de manos del entonces Primer Ministro de Distrito Federal Sushilkumar Shinde. Recientemente ha interpretado una canción de la película Hindi compuesto por Shankar Mahadevan en el film "We are Family" o "Somos familia". El título de esta canción es 'Sun le habéis dua Aasman. También ha cantado otras canciones para las películas en Tamil compuesta por Ilayaraja y Yuvan Shankar Raja, recientemente y también un par de canciones con Shreya Ghoshal en la película de Hindi "Paheli". Sus canciones han sido muy apreciadas por su calidad de voz única que se asemeja a la voz de la legendariA cantante Lata Mangeshkar.

Bela ha publicado un álbum llamado 'Hridauamadhale Gane' recientemente con el famoso poeta y músico dúo Sandeep Khare-Salil Kulkarni.

Enlaces externos

 Official Website of Bela Shende

Referencias

Personas de Maharastra
Cantantes de playback de India

Bela Shende


Pumar puede referirse a:
Pumar (Antas de Ulla), lugar de la parroquia de Arcos,, concello de Antas de Ulla.
Pumar (A Castañeda), lugar de la parroquia de A Castañeda, concello de Arzúa.
Pumar (Oíns), lugar de la parroquia de Oíns, concello de Arzúa.
Pumar (Pantiñobre), lugar de la parroquia de Pantiñobre, concello de Arzúa.
Pumar do Río, lugar de la parroquia de Cures, concello de Boiro.
Pumar da Costa, lugar de la parroquia de Santa Locaia, concello de Castro de Rey.
Pumar (La Lama), lugar de la parroquia de Seixido, concello de La Lama.
Pumar de Don, lugar de la parroquia de Lourenzá, concello de Lorenzana.
Pumar de Vale, lugar de la parroquia de Mogor, concello de Mañón.
Pumar (Outes), lugar de la parroquia de Cando, concello de Outes.
Pumar (Puentes de García Rodríguez), lugar de la parroquia de San Pedro de Eume, concello de Puentes de García Rodríguez.
Pumar Vello, lugar de la parroquia de Penosiños, concello de Ramiranes.
Pumar (Taboadela), lugar de la parroquia de Taboadela, concello de Taboadela.
 Puente Pumar, localidad del municipio de Polaciones, Cantabria.
 El Pumar, aldea de la parroquia de San Sebastián, del municipio de Morcín, Asturias.

Pumar


2002 සාජා කුසලාන තුන්කොන් තරඟාවලිය යනු 2002 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී එක්සත් අරාබි එමීර් රාජ්‍යයේ පැවති එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර  (ODI) ක්‍රිකට් තරඟාවලියකි. එය ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, නවසීලන්තය සහ පකිස්ථානය යන ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම් අතර පැවති තුන්කොන් තරගාවලියකි. අවසන් මහා තරගයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලකුණු 217කින් පරාජය කළ පාකිස්තානය තරගාවලියේ ශූරතාව දිනා ගත්තේය. සියලුම තරග සාජා ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණයේදී පැවැත්විණි.

සංචිත

ලූ වින්සන්ට් මුලින් නවසීලන්ත එක්දින සංචිතයට නම් කරන ලද නමුත් පපුවේ ආබාධයක් හේතුවෙන් ඉවත් විය. වින්සන්ට් වෙනුවෙන් මැතිව් සින්ක්ලෙයාර් කණ්ඩායමට එක්කර ඇත.

ප්‍රසාද ලකුණු සටහන

තරග

1 වන එදිජා තරගය

2 වන එදිජා තරගය

3 වැනි එදිජා තරගය

4 වැනි එදිජා තරගය

5 වැනි එදිජා තරගය

6 වැනි එදිජා තරගය

අවසාන තරගය

යොමු කිරීම්

බාහිර සබැඳි

 ESPN Cricinfo හි තරගාවලි පිටුව

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්
ක්‍රිකට්

සාජා කුසලානය 2002


Rock n' Roll Racing is a vehicular combat-based racing video game developed by Silicon & Synapse (now known as Blizzard Entertainment) and published by Interplay Productions for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1993 and the Mega Drive/Genesis in 1994. The game prominently features a number of popular heavy metal and rock songs in its soundtrack, hence the game's title. The game was ported to the Game Boy Advance in 2003. In celebration of the company's 30th anniversary, Rock n' Roll Racing was re-released for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One as part of the Blizzard Arcade Collection in February 2021.

Rock n' Roll Racing was initially developed as RPMII, a sequel to the company's SNES game RPM Racing. At the end of the project, Interplay marketing added licensed music and changed the name to Rock n' Roll Racing. It is also similar in gameplay to Racing Destruction Set where it got its logic/AI engine and the NES game R.C. Pro-Am developed by Rare in 1988.

Gameplay
The game pits four racers against each other, with up to two of them being player-controlled from a colourful collection of comic-book-inspired humans and aliens, and the rest being AI opponents; "Rip" and "Shred", who appear in all races, plus a third character unique to each planet/level in one-player mode. Each race consists of four laps around tracks viewed from an isometric perspective, which enables players to discern the presence of frequent sloping sections spread throughout the game's various tracks. In addition to navigating the turns, racers must also maneuver hills and dips without falling or jumping over the guard rail at the track's edge.

While it is a racing game, there is heavy emphasis on attacking competitor's vehicles; since the cars always reappear with full health just a few seconds after blowing up, the only "harm" done is falling behind in the race. Players are rewarded with a monetary "attack bonus" each time they provide the finishing blow against another car using their forward or rear weapons (and a similar "lapping bonus" when they gain a full one-lap lead on an opponent during the race). In accordance with the continual destruction and restoration of the racing vehicles, the tracks are littered with mines and health power-ups, as well as money power-ups. Other hazards include oil slicks, snow drifts, and lava, depending on the planet hosting the race.

Players are updated on the race by commentator "Loudmouth Larry" (Larry "Supermouth" Huffman), who makes enthusiastic comments like "The stage is set, the green flag drops!" (or "Let the carnage begin!"), and "[player name] is about to blow!" at appropriate moments during the race.

Between races, players can spend the money they have earned on more advanced equipment for their vehicle (engines, tires, shocks, and shielding) or on increasing their capacity for the frontal weapon (energy blasts or missiles), rear weapon (slip sauce or mines), and turbo boost (jump jets or nitro boosts), each of which can max out at seven. Despite their limited capacity, every vehicle will have its weapon and boost charges replenished at the completion of each lap in a race. Racers can also buy more advanced vehicle models; however, all equipment and weapons upgrades are lost when a new vehicle is purchased.

The first three drivers to complete a race are awarded both money and points according to the final standings. Points are required for advancement to the next racing division or the next planet, with two divisions on each planet. A player who has not obtained enough points during a division's racing season must repeat the division, again starting with zero points, but all changes to the player's money and car remain in effect. In two-player mode, when only one player has sufficient points, the character in charge of advancement asks "Leave your loser friend behind?", allowing the leading player to continue alone by removing the other player from the game. The dropped player can continue from that point later by using their most recent password, once the game is reset.

Music
Rock n' Roll Racing is widely known for its soundtrack. Originally, Silicon & Synapse wanted to use songs by ZZ Top but the fee was too high. They instead enlisted a company that provided low-cost licensed music in public settings.

The songs were uncredited but included:
 Bad to the Bone by George Thorogood and the Destroyers
 Highway Star by Deep Purple
 Paranoid by Black Sabbath
 Peter Gunn by Henry Mancini
 Born to Be Wild by Steppenwolf
 Radar Love by Golden Earring (Sega Genesis only)
 Breaking the Law by Judas Priest (Definitive Edition only)
 Red Barchetta by Rush (Definitive Edition only)
 Power of the Horde by Level 60 Elite Terrain Chief (Definitive Edition only)

Passwords
Passwords are given out at the beginning of each new "racing season" (each planet has its own definition of how many races make up a season, but early advancement will automatically start a new season), and they are located at the bottom of the F/X screen (accessible from the menu between races). These passwords are a complex code, consisting of three 4-digit sections, and they dictate everything about the players' progress: the character used, the vehicle type and color, weapons and parts upgrades, racing planet and division, difficulty setting, and money. The Game Boy Advance version of the game uses an EEPROM chip to save the player's progress instead of the password system.

The password codes only allow the player to save a maximum of $999,990 (six digits); if there are more than six figures in the bank account, the password truncates the leftmost digits over six (e.g. if there's $1,002,000 when the player quits, there will be only $2,000 when using the password to continue later). Due to the two-player password function, it's possible to "cheat" by entering the same password for both players or by entering passwords for players who were at entirely different points in the game. The password with the lowest difficulty setting and on the earliest planet and racing division will be used as the basis for play from then on, which allows a Warrior-skill character with a maxed-out vehicle to race against Rookie-class AIs in the Rookie skill mode.

Though a password-generator QBASIC program exists, the passwords it creates often result in a glitch, causing the player to race on glitchy planets—that exist only as a bug and can crash the game—after racing on Inferno. In the Rookie skill mode, however, they work perfectly, as long as one doesn't try to take the character beyond the third planet using the password.

A second password generator has been written in JavaScript and limits the available planets to reflect the chosen skill mode while retaining the ability to customize any other aspect of the data stored in the password.

Release
A 3DO Interactive Multiplayer version of Rock n' Roll Racing was announced to be in development and slated to be published by Interplay during E3 1995, but this version was never released for unknown reasons.

In 2003, Blizzard released an Adobe Shockwave-based demo version of the GBA port featuring one track on its website.

In 2014, a demo version of the game featuring three tracks was added to Battle.net, emulated through ZSNES. This version has all rock music tracks changed to simple MIDI music, because the music license expired.

Blizzard Arcade Collection
In celebration of the company's 30th anniversary, Blizzard Entertainment and Digital Eclipse released a compilation called Blizzard Arcade Collection in February 2021, for Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch. The collection includes three Blizzard's classic video games: The Lost Vikings, Blackthorne and Rock n' Roll Racing, with two additional games: The Lost Vikings 2 and RPM Racing. Some of the modern features for the Definitive Edition include 16:9 resolution, 4-player split-screen, rewinding and saving of game progress, watching replays, and adding graphic filters to change the look of player's game in the SNES and Genesis versions, as well as a togglable option between the SNES soundtrack and the master recordings of the soundtrack in CD quality. Larry "Supermouth" Huffman re-recorded lines from the original game, as well as recording brand new lines, for this release in the Definitive Edition.

Reception

GamePro gave the Genesis version a mixed review. They praised the Vs. mode and "rockin'" soundtrack with driving-appropriate tunes, but criticized the weak sound effects and remarked that the graphics and digitized voice are noticeably worse than in the Super NES version.

Super Gamer reviewed the SNES version and gave an overall score of 90% writing: "Awesome rock soundtracks, plus plenty of vehicles, firepower, tracks and planets. A bit repetitive in one-player though".

Accolades

Rock N' Roll Racing was awarded Best Driving Game of 1993 by Electronic Gaming Monthly.

GameSpot named Rock n' Roll Racing the best Game Boy Advance game of July 2003.

IGN placed Rock n' Roll Racing 72nd on their Top 100 SNES Games of All Time. In 2018, Complex placed Rock N' Roll Racing 84th on their "The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time" In 1996, GamesMaster rated the SNES version #96 in its "Top 100 Games of All Time."

Sequels

Rock & Roll Racing 2: Red Asphalt

A sequel to the original Rock n' Roll Racing was made for the 32-bit PlayStation console by Interplay in 1997. The game was sold in Europe as Rock & Roll Racing 2: Red Asphalt and in the United States as just Red Asphalt. It features a comic book art style in the character's profiles and ending videos, and a system to upgrade each character's driving/combat skills like RPGs.

Reviews

The game received mostly mediocre reviews. Josh Smith of GameSpot described it as an interesting and innovative title, citing the track design and use of weaponry in addition to driving, though he criticized the upgrade system as being illogical at points and an overt determining factor in the player's combat performance. However, most critics asserted the opposite, characterizing Red Asphalt as a generic and derivative title which makes no meaningful change from earlier futuristic shoot-em-up racers such as Wipeout and Crash 'n Burn. Kelly Rickards wrote in Electronic Gaming Monthly: "I've seen this game a million times before and so have you. Keep in mind, I'm not saying Red Asphalt is a bad game, but it is spectacularly average". Next Generation similarly commented: "Is Red Asphalt a bad game? Definitely not. It's just that for a game like this, Wipeout XL is the definite 'must-play' example. Fact is, if you happened to miss out on playing Red Asphalt, you probably wouldn't care".

Multiple critics also complained at the ease with which vehicles slip into frustrating spinouts and the unnecessarily complex and confusing interface screen. Adam Douglas recounted in IGN: "The editors from the other sites gathered around to see if I could actually get the game to start, having been through this little Hellraiser cube puzzle the day before". Most considered the game's graphics impressive, though IGN described them as sloppy, citing extensive polygon clipping and lackluster effects, and Next Generation found them merely satisfactory. While finding the sound effects nondescript and the controls difficult, GamePro felt Red Asphalt distinguished itself though its vehicle customization.

GameFan #60 (Vol 5, Issue 12) 1997 December
Official PlayStation Magazine #3 (1997 December)

Motor Rock
In December 2013, a game titled Motor Rock (development title Rock n' Roll Racing 3D) was released on Steam by Yard Team. It's an unauthorized 3D remake of Rock n' Roll Racing. It was in development since 2009. A week after release, the game was removed from Steam.

Notes

References

External links
 Rock n' Roll Racing at Blizzard Entertainment

 Red Asphalt at Allgame

1993 video games
Blizzard games
Cancelled 3DO Interactive Multiplayer games
Cooperative video games
Crossover racing games
Science fiction racing games
Game Boy Advance games
Interplay Entertainment games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation 4 games
Racing video games
Sega Genesis games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Vehicular combat games
Video games scored by Tim Follin
Video games with isometric graphics
Video games set on fictional planets
Windows games
Xbox One games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States

Rock n' Roll Racing


An Anthurium pachyspathum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kurt Krause. An Anthurium pachyspathum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium pachyspathum


Barış Durmaz (* 14. Mai 1981 in Burhaniye) ist ein türkischer Fußballspieler, der für Yeni Malatyaspor spielt.

Karriere

Vereinskarriere
Barış Durmaz begann mit dem Vereinsfußball in der Jugendabteilung von Burhaniye Belediyespor und spielte dann in den Jugendmannschaften von Karaoğlanlıspor und Turgutluspor. 2000 erhielt er einen Profivertrag, er spielte auf Anhieb als Stammspieler bei den Profis.

Nachdem er zwei Jahre hier gespielt hatte, wechselte er zum Zweitligisten Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyespor. Auch hier war er zwei Jahre durchgängig aktiv und wechselte dann zum Erstligisten Gaziantepspor. Bei seinem neuen Verein kam er als Ergänzungsspieler gelegentlich zu Einsätzen. Hier blieb er vier Spielzeiten lang, wobei er die Spielzeit 2006/07 als Leihgabe bei Samsunspor verbrachte.

Zum Ende der Saison 2007/08 verließ er auch Gaziantepspor und spielte nacheinander für Giresunspor und Adana Demirspor.

Zur Saison 2010/11 wechselte er dann mit Ablöse zu Elazığspor und feierte mit diesem Verein am Ende seiner ersten Saison die Meisterschaft der TFF 2. Lig und damit den direkten Aufstieg in die TFF 1. Lig. In seinem zweiten Jahr kam er als Ergänzungsspieler lediglich zu einigen wenigen Einsätzen. Am vorletzten Spieltag schaffte man den sicheren Aufstieg in die Süper Lig.

Zur Saison 2012/13 wechselte er zum Drittligisten Yeni Malatyaspor.

Erfolge
 Mit Elazığspor:
 2010/11 Aufstieg in die TFF 1. Lig
 2010/11 TFF 2. Lig
 2011/12 Aufstieg in die Süper Lig

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (Adana Demirspor)
Fußballspieler (Elazığspor)
Fußballspieler (Gaziantepspor)
Fußballspieler (Gaziantep FK)
Fußballspieler (Giresunspor)
Fußballspieler (Samsunspor)
Fußballspieler (Turgutluspor)
Fußballspieler (Yeni Malatyaspor)
Türke
Geboren 1981
Mann

Barış Durmaz


Tadeas Galansky (født 29. december 1992 i Brno) er en tjekkisk ishockeyspiller. Han spillede i den finske klub Mikkelin Jukurit fra 2013 til 2015. Han blev herefter solgt til det danske hold Odense Bulldogs, hvor han spillede fra 2015 til 2017. Han spillede herefter en sæson for Aalborg Pirates. Han blev i maj 2018 solgt til Frederikshavn White Hawks, hvor han underskrev en 2-årig kontrakt.

Aalborg Pirates (2017-18)
Han spillede 69 kampe.

Frederikhavn White Hawks (2018-2022)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Spillerstatistik hos bulldogs.dk

Ishockeyspillere fra Tjekkiet
Ishockeyspillere fra Aalborg Pirates

Tadeas Galansky