Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan (born c.1655 – 21 August 1693) was an Irish soldier and leading figure in the Jacobite army during the 1689 to 1691 Williamite War in Ireland.

Born into a wealthy Catholic family, Sarsfield joined a regiment recruited by James Scott, Duke of Monmouth for the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War, a subsidiary of the Franco-Dutch War. After England made peace, his regiment served in the French Rhineland campaign, and when the war ended in 1678, he returned to England. Following the so-called Popish Plot, Catholics were barred from the English military, and for the next few years Sarsfield led a precarious life on the fringes of London society.

When the Catholic James II came to the throne in 1685, Sarsfield served as a volunteer during Monmouth's Rebellion and was commissioned into the Royal Army. A colonel by the time of the Glorious Revolution in November 1688, he remained loyal to James and followed him into exile in France. Sarsfield returned to Ireland in March 1689 as a senior commander in the Jacobite army and was elected to the short-lived Patriot Parliament.

As leader of the "War Party", by late 1690 he largely controlled Jacobite military strategy and was given the title Earl of Lucan. Their position became hopeless after Aughrim in July, and Sarsfield helped negotiate the 1691 Treaty of Limerick ending the war. It included an agreement under which thousands of Irish soldiers went into exile in France, later known as the "Flight of the Wild Geese". Many served in the Nine Years' War, including Sarsfield who was killed at the Battle of Landen in 1693.

While contemporaries universally acknowledged his courage, opinions of his judgement and intelligence were mixed. Nevertheless, his reputation and death meant in the 19th and early 20th centuries he was widely commemorated in Ireland and among the international Irish diaspora as a military hero.

Biography
Originally of English descent, the Sarsfield family were wealthy Roman Catholic merchants, who settled in Dublin; Sir William Sarsfield was knighted in 1566, reportedly for providing the Crown financial support during Shane O'Neill's rebellion. He purchased Lucan Manor, a large estate now a suburb of Dublin, and Tully Commandery in County Kildare.

Sarsfield's father Patrick (c. 1628 – after 1693) married Anne O'Moore, daughter of Rory O'Moore, a Gaelic noble who played a leading part in the 1641 rebellion. This was emphasised by 19th-century writers seeking to bolster Sarsfield's status as an Irish hero, although nationalist historian O'Callaghan claimed he was "no better than a puffed Palesman", compared to figures such as Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill.

During the 1641 to 1652 Irish Confederate Wars, his father fought for the Catholic Confederacy but belonged to the moderate faction that sought an agreement with Protestant Irish Royalists. Although his estates were confiscated in 1652, they were returned in 1662. His eldest son William married Mary Crofts, reputedly an illegitimate daughter of Charles II and younger sister of James Scott, Duke of Monmouth.

In 1689, Sarsfield married the 15-year-old Honora Burke (1674–1698), daughter of William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde; they had one son, James Sarsfield, 2nd Earl of Lucan (1693–1719). After Sarsfield's death, she married James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, eldest but illegitimate son of James II of England.

Catalina Sarsfield, who styled herself Queen of the brief-lived Kingdom of Corsica, is often cited as Sarsfield's daughter. She was in fact a distant cousin; her father David Sarsfield came from another branch of the family, and was killed at the Battle of Villaviciosa in 1710.

Early career: France and England

There are few surviving records of Sarsfield's early life, although it is generally agreed he was brought up on the family estates at Tully. While some biographies claim he was educated at a French military college, there is no evidence for this.

In the 1670 Treaty of Dover, Charles II agreed to support a French attack on the Dutch Republic, and supply a brigade of 6,000 troops for the French army. When the Franco-Dutch War began in 1672, Sarsfield was commissioned into Monmouth's regiment, which formed part of this unit. When England left the war in 1674, the Brigade continued to serve in the Rhineland, under Turenne; Sarsfield transferred into a regiment commanded by Irish Catholic Sir George Hamilton.

Sarsfield fought in the battles of Entzheim, Turckheim and Altenheim; he and Hamilton were standing next to Turenne when he was killed by a chance shot at Salzbach in July 1675. He remained in France until the war ended in 1678, then returned to London to join a new regiment being recruited by the Earl of Limerick; he was caught up in the Popish Plot, and like other Catholics barred from serving in the military.

Having lost his career, he was often short of money and became involved in an expensive legal campaign to regain Lucan Manor from the heirs of his brother William, who died in 1675. This ultimately proved unsuccessful amid allegations of forged documents, and in 1681 he returned to London, where he made two separate attempts to abduct an heiress and was lucky to escape prosecution. Restored to favour when Charles's Catholic brother James became king in 1685, Sarsfield helped suppress the Monmouth Rebellion; he was unhorsed and "wounded in several places" at the decisive Battle of Sedgemoor. As James was keen to promote Catholics, this revitalised his military career, and by 1688 he was colonel of a cavalry unit.

After Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1687, he began creating a Catholic-dominated Irish army and political establishment. Aware of preparations for invasion by his nephew and son-in-law William of Orange, James sent Sarsfield to Dublin in September to persuade Tyrconnell to provide him with Irish troops. This proved unsuccessful, and in November James was deposed by the Glorious Revolution. Sarsfield took part in the Wincanton Skirmish, one of the few military actions during the invasion; he remained in England until January when he was allowed to join James in France.

Williamite War in Ireland

Accompanied by French troops and English exiles, James landed in Ireland in March 1689, beginning the Williamite War in Ireland. Sarsfield was promoted brigadier, elected to the 1689 Irish Parliament for County Dublin, and commanded cavalry units in the campaign in Ulster and Connacht. When an Irish brigade was sent to France in October, French ambassador D'Avaux proposed Sarsfield as its commander. He noted that while "not...of noble birth [...], (he) has distinguished himself by his ability, and (his) reputation in this kingdom is greater than that of any man I know [...] He is brave, but above all has a sense of honour and integrity in all that he does".

James rejected this, stating that although unquestionably brave, Sarsfield was 'very scantily supplied with brains.' His role at the Boyne was peripheral, although the battle was less decisive than often assumed, Jacobite losses being around 2,000 from a force of 25,000. James returned to France, leaving Tyrconnell in control; he was the leader of the "Peace Party", who wanted to negotiate a settlement preserving Catholic rights to land and public office. Sarsfield headed the "War Party", who felt they could gain more by fighting on; it included the Luttrell brothers, Nicholas Purcell and English Catholic William Dorrington, a former colleague from Monmouth's Regiment.

The position of the War Party was strengthened by the Declaration of Finglas, which offered the rank and file amnesty but excluded senior officers. French victories in the Low Countries briefly increased hopes of a Stuart restoration, and the Jacobites established a defensive line along the Shannon. Sarsfield cemented his reputation with an attack on the Williamite artillery train at Ballyneety, widely credited with forcing them to abandon the  first siege of Limerick. The Jacobites also retained Athlone, offset by the loss of Kinsale and Cork, which made resupply from France extremely difficult.

With Tyrconnell absent in France, Sarsfield took control and in December 1690, arrested several leaders of the peace faction. He then bypassed James by asking Louis XIV direct for French support, and requesting the removal of Tyrconnell and the army commander Berwick, James' illegitimate son. The latter, who later described Sarsfield as "a man [...] without sense", albeit "very good-natured", left Limerick for France in February.

Tyrconnell returned in January 1691, carrying letters from James making Sarsfield Earl of Lucan, an attempt to placate an "increasingly influential and troublesome figure". A large French convoy arrived at Limerick in May, along with St Ruth, appointed military commander in an attempt to end the conflict between the factions. St Ruth and 7,000 others died at Aughrim in July1691, reputedly the bloodiest battle ever on Irish soil. Sarsfield's role is unclear: one account claims he quarrelled with St Ruth, and was sent to the rear with the cavalry reserves.

The remnants of the Jacobite army regrouped at Limerick; Tyrconnell died of a stroke in August, and in October, Sarsfield negotiated terms of surrender. He has been criticised for this, having constantly attacked Tyrconnell for advocating the same thing, while it is suggested the Williamite army was weaker than he judged. However, the collapse of the Shannon line and surrender of Galway and Sligo left him little option; without French supplies, the military position was hopeless, and defections meant his army was dissolving.

The military articles of the Treaty of Limerick preserved the Jacobite army by allowing its remaining troops to enter French service; about 19,000 officers and men, including Sarsfield, chose to leave in what is known as the Flight of the Wild Geese. Sarsfield's handling of the civil articles was less successful; most of its protections were ignored by the new regime, although Sarsfield may have viewed it as temporary, hoping to resume the war.

Exile and death
On arrival in France, Sarsfield became Major-General in the army of exiles, an appointment James made with great reluctance. In addition to other acts of perceived insubordination, Sarsfield allegedly told William's negotiators at Limerick "change but kings with us, and we will fight it over again". After the planned invasion of England was abandoned in 1692, the exiles became part of the French army, and Sarsfield a French marechal de camp.

He fought at Steenkerque in August 1692, and was fatally wounded at the Battle of Landen in 1693, dying at Huy three days later. Despite several searches, no grave or burial record has been found, though a plaque at St Martin's church, Huy, has been set up in commemoration and an announcement in 2023 stated that, pending exhumation and identification, his remains had been located. Like much else, his reputed last words, "Oh that this had been shed for Ireland!", are apocryphal.

Legacy

Sarsfield left few contemporary records, and those that exist are "disconcertingly incomplete". It is impossible to determine his precise political views, almost nothing is known of his family life, and none of the alleged portraits of him can be authenticated. This allowed later writers to use him as a vehicle for their own needs, especially his portrayal as the "heroic ideal of an Irish soldier".

His success at Ballyneety remains his most famous achievement, although a 1995 study suggests it had limited military value, and his men may have indiscriminately slaughtered women and children. He has also been criticised for the role he played in creating divisions within the Jacobite camp; senior officers considered him rash and easily manipulated, although he seems to have been popular with the rank and file.

Mythologising began during his lifetime; the poet Dáibhí Ó Bruadair, 1625 to 1698, composed a panegyric describing Sarsfield as virtuous, heroic, popular and a great leader, but admitted they had not met. The anonymous song "Slán le Pádraig Sáirseál", or "Farewell to Patrick Sarsfield", is considered a classic of Irish-language poetry. Nineteenth-century nationalists like Thomas Davis celebrated him as a national hero and patriot, while in the early 20th century he was also depicted as a staunch Catholic.

During the 1912 to 1914 Home Rule crisis, his image as a brave and honourable patriot was used to counter Unionist claims that Catholics, and by definition nationalists, were incapable of self-government. When the Irish Folklore Commission began collecting material in the 1930s, they recorded many oral narratives about Sarsfield, including stories of buried gold, generosity to the poor, having his horse shod backward to escape from pursuers, and apparitions of dogs or white horses.

The global Irish diaspora meant his name and reputation were commemorated beyond Ireland; Michael Corcoran, a Federal general in the US Civil War, claimed to be a direct descendant. From 1870 to 1880, a unit in the California National Guard formed from recruits of Irish descent was called the Sarsfield Grenadier Guards. Towns that bear his name include Sarsfield, Ontario,  and Sarsfield in Victoria, Australia.

"Sarsfield" appears on the coat of arms for County Limerick; in Limerick itself, there is a Sarsfield Bridge and Sarsfield Street, while the local Irish Army base is Sarsfield Barracks. An 1881 bronze statue by sculptor John Lawlor in the grounds of St John's cathedral. Part of the route used for the attack on the Williamite siege train is marked out today as Sarsfield's Ride, and is a popular walking and cycling route through County Tipperary, County Clare and County Limerick.

The song 'Jackets Green' by Michael Scanlan is about a soldier fighting alongside Patrick Sarsfield in the Williamite war.

Ancestry

References

Sources

1660s births
1693 deaths
Earls in the Jacobite peerage
Patrick
Irish generals
O'Moore family
Patrick
Wild Geese (soldiers)
Irish soldiers in the French Army
Irish soldiers in the army of James II of England
French military personnel of the Nine Years' War
Irish MPs 1689
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Dublin constituencies
People from Lucan, Dublin
Irish military personnel killed in action

Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan


Pokrajina Aydın (turski: Aydın ili) je jedna od 81 turskih pokrajina koja se nalazi na jugozapadu Turske. U pokrajini, po podacima iz 2010., živi 989.862 stanovnika.

Pokrajina nosi ime po glavnom gradu provincije - Aydınu.

Geografske karakteristike
Pokrajina leži uz obale Egejskog mora, na površini od 8.007 km², na jugozapadu zemlje. Pokrajinu oplakuje najveća rijeka tog dijela zemlje Büyük Menderes.

Administrativna podjela
Pokrajina Aydın administrativno je podjeljena na 17 okruga (ilçeler);

Vanjske poveznice

 Službene stranice pokrajine

Turske pokrajine

Aydın (pokrajina)


Aoki Shūzō (; * 3. März 1844 in der Provinz Nagato (heute: Präfektur Yamaguchi); † 16. Februar 1914 in Tokio) war ein japanischer Diplomat und Politiker mit besonderem Bezug zu Deutschland.

Leben
Aoki wuchs in Hagi auf, besuchte die dortige Han-Schule und studierte Medizin in Nagasaki. 1868 wurde er zum Studium nach Deutschland entsandt. Dort wechselte er zur Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Politik. 1872 wurde er zum Sprecher der japanischen Studenten in Norddeutschland. 1873 beriet er die Iwakura-Mission bei ihrem Besuch in Berlin. Nach Eintritt in das japanische Außenministerium wurde er 1874 Gesandter in Berlin, war es danach wieder 1880–1885 und 1892–1897. Er war mehrfach Außenminister: 1889–1891 im 1. Kabinett Yamagata, 1891 im 1. Kabinett Matsukata und 1898–1900 im 2. Kabinett Yamagata. Er wirkte erfolgreich mit bei der Aufhebung der Ungleichen Verträge Japans. Zum Ende seiner diplomatischen Laufbahn wurde er noch Botschafter in den Vereinigten Staaten. Er war ab 1877 verheiratet mit einer deutschen Adeligen, Elisabeth von Rhade (1849–1931).

Knotenpunkt Berlin

Aoki ließ sich 1888 von seinem Bekannten aus Berliner Zeiten, dem Architekten Matsugasaki Tsumunaga (1858–1921) ein Landhaus im westlichen Stil in Nasu (heute Stadt Nasushiobara, Präfektur Tochigi) erbauen. Dieses Haus wurde in den letzten Jahren aufwendig restauriert und in die Liste der Wertvollen Kulturgüter Japans aufgenommen. Matsugasaki war mit der Iwakura-Mission nach Berlin gekommen, studierte an der Technischen Hochschule Charlottenburg unter Hermann Ende und kehrte erst 1885 nach Japan zurück. In Japan vermittelte er Hermann Ende Bauaufträge, von denen u. a. das japanische Justizministerium ausgeführt wurde. Das Gebäude wurde in den letzten Jahren aufwendig restauriert. Matsugasaki empfahl Aoki 1888 als ersten Vorsitzenden der neu gegründeten Architekten-Vereinigung.

Literatur
 Okada Yoshiharu (Hrsg. und Verf.): Aoki Shūzō Nasu bessō. [Das Landhaus des Aoki Shūzō] 1995
 S. Noma (Hrsg.): Aoki Shūzō. In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-205938-X, S. 44.
 Janet Hunter: Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History. Kodansha International, 1984

Weblinks

 Biografie (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Außenminister (Japanisches Kaiserreich)
Japanischer Botschafter im Deutschen Reich
Japanischer Botschafter in den Vereinigten Staaten
Träger des Großkreuzes des Roten Adlerordens
Japaner
Geboren 1844
Gestorben 1914
Mann

Aoki Shūzō


People's Assembly may refer to:

Parliaments and legislatures
 People's Assembly (Albania), former name of the parliament of the Republic of Albania
 People's Assembly (Burma), the former unicameral legislature of socialist-era Burma
 Egypt's House of Representatives was known as the People's Assembly when it was part of the country's former bicameral parliament
 People's Assembly of Abkhazia, the legislature of Abkhazia

 People's National Assembly, the lower house of the Algerian Parliament
 Supreme People's Assembly, parliament of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
 Assembly of the People (comitia populi tributa), a legislative assembly of the ancient Roman Republic
 People's Assembly of Seychelles, the legislature of Seychelles between 1979 and 1993
 People's Assembly of Syria, the legislative authority of Syria

Other organizations
 People's Assembly (Uruguay), a socialist electoral coalition in Uruguay
 Peoples assemblies, gatherings called to address issues by direct democracy
 People's Assembly Against Austerity, a political initiative in the United Kingdom
 United Nations People's Assembly, a proposed addition to the United Nations System

See also
 Roman assemblies, legislative institutions in ancient Rome
 Citizens' assembly, a body formed from the citizens of a modern state to deliberate on an issue
 National People's Assembly (disambiguation)
 Popular assembly (disambiguation)

People's Assembly


Valerij Fjodorovič Bikovski (rus. Вале́рий Фёдорович Быко́вский; rođen 2. kolovoza 1934., Pavlovski Posad), umro 28. ožujka 2019., peti po redu kozmonaut u tadašnjem SSSR-u. Lansiran u stazu oko Zemlje 1963. godine u svemirskom brodu Vostok 5.

Ukupno je preveo 119 sati i 6 minuta što je tada bio najdulji čovjekov let u svemiru. Njegov je brod prošao na udaljenosti oko 5 km od Vostoka 6, u kojem se nalazila Valentina Tereškova, prva kozmonautkinja. Godine 1976. bio je glavni astronaut svemirskog broda Sojuz 22.

Odlikovanja
 Orden Lenjina
 Orden Listopadske revolucije

Galerija

Izvori

Ruski astronauti
Sovjetski astronauti

Valerij Fjodorovič Bikovski


Acapulco (resmi adı: Acapulco de Juarez), Meksika'nın Büyük Okyanusu tarafında, Guerrero iline bağlı bulunan turistik bir şehirdir. 2003 Nüfus sayımına göre; 638.000 kişi burada yaşar. Derin, yarım daire şeklindeki bir körfezde bulunur. Mexico kentinin 305 km güneyinde yer alır. Önemli bir turizm merkezi ve pamuk, kahve, şeker ihracatı yapılan kentte, yıllık sıcaklık ortalaması 27 derecedir. Haziran-eylül ayları arasında yağış alır.

Ekonomi

Turizm belediyenin ana ekonomik faaliyetidir ve bunun çoğu Acapulco Körfezi'nde yoğunlaşır. Belediye nüfusunun yaklaşık yüzde yetmiş üçü çoğu turizm ve limanla ilgili olan ticaretle uğraşır. Madencilik ve imalatta yüzde yirmiden az istihdam vardır ve sadece yüzde beşi tarıma ayrılmış durumdadır. Sanayi üretimi çoğunlukla şişeleme, süt ürünleri, çimento ürünleri, buz ve enerji üretimi ile sınırlıdır. Tarım ürünleri arasında domates, mısır, karpuz, fasulye, yeşil biber ve kavun bulunur.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 1957 Acapulco depremi

Meksika'daki plajlar
Meksika'daki kıyı yerleşim birimleri
Guerrero'daki şehirler
Guerrero'nun belediyeleri
Meksika'daki liman kentleri
Büyük Okyanus'taki liman kentleri
Nahuatl dili
1550'lerde İspanyol İmparatorluğu'nda kurulan oluşumlar
1550'de kurulan yerleşim birimleri

Acapulco


Galen Avery Rowell () a fost un fotograf și alpinist american. Născut în Oakland, California, el a devenit fotograf în 1972.

Tinerețe și educație
Galen Rowell a pătruns în lumea sălbăticiei la o vârstă foarte fragedă și a început alpinismul la vârsta de zece ani. Timp de 52 de ani, el a escaladat munții și a explorat sălbăticia. A început să fotografieze în excursiile din sălbăticie pentru a putea împărtăși experiențele sale cu prietenii și familia. După ce a absolvit liceul Berkeley din California în 1958, el a rămas să studieze fizica la Universitatea din California, dar a renunțat după patru ani, ca să-și continue dragostea pentru alpinism. El nu a fost niciodată calificat în mod oficial ca fotograf.

Carieră
În 1972 Rowell și-a vândut micile afaceri auto și a devenit un fotograf. În termen de un an, el a încheiat prima sa misiune importantă, un articol de primă pagină pentru National Geographic. Povestea, inițiată original prin intermediul unei invitații din partea fotografului Dewitt Jones să-l ajute la o misiune, a apărut atunci când Jones a fost chemat și Rowell a propus o cățărare pe Half Dome din Parcul Național Yosemite, întrucât a documentat pe cont propriu. Atunci când, National Geographic a primit fotografiile, ei au decis să facă separat povestea lui Jones de a ce a lui Rowell. Astfel, Rowell și-a început povestea sa. El a inițiat un nou tip de fotografie în care el nu a fost doar un observator, dar el însuși s-a considerat un participant la scenele pe care le-a fotografiat - el a considerat peisajul parte din aventură, și aventura, parte din peisaj.

El a câștigat Premiul Ansel Adams pentru Conservarea Fotografiei în 1984. El a avut numeroase misiuni fotografice pentru Life, National Geographic, Outdoor Photographer și diverse alte publicații. Rowell a fost, de asemenea, un scriitor foarte apreciat pe subiecte variind de la fotografie, problemele umanitare și de mediu, cogniții vizuale umane, și alpinism, publicarea numeroaselor articole din reviste și optsprezece cărți din timpul vieții sale. Cartea sa In the Throne Room of the Mountain Gods despre istoria alpinismului pe K2 (1977) este considerată un clasic al literaturii alpinismului, iar în cartea Mountain Light: In Search of the Dynamic Landscape din 1986, este una dintre cele mai bune vândute cărți cum să fotografiezi din toate timpurile. De asemenea, Rowell a fost un susținător dedicat cauzelor în care credea și a lucrat în cadrul numeroaselor consilii și organizații variind de la Comitetul celor 100 pentru Tibet la World Wide Fund for Nature.

Rowell a fost deosebit de dornic de a căuta și fotografierea fenomenelor optice din natură. El s-a referit la fotografiile sale de peisaj ca "peisaje dinamice", datorită celor doi factori, schimbarea rapidă a luminii și a condițiilor în natură și urmărirea sa energetică din cea mai bună poziție a camerei la momentul optim. Rowell a scris despre cercetarea acestor imagini în cărțile sale Mountain Light (1986), Galen Rowell's Vision (1993) și Inner Game of Outdoor Photography (2001). El s-a îmbarcat într-o expediție ce avea ca scop fotografierea unei furtuni, care era urmărită de meteorologul și fotograful Alan Moller. Întoarcerea din fatala călătorie, a dus la moartea sa.

O carte retrospectivă importantă asupra vieții sale, carierei și impactului asupra diferitelor lumi a fost publicată de Sierra Club Books.

Tehnice fotografice și echipament
Din 1968, el a folosit aparatul Nikon 35mm și lentile aproape exclusiv pentru siguranța și portabilitatea acestora. Principala sa alegere mass-media a fost diafilmul, începând cu Kodachrome în anii 1970 și 1980 și Fuji Velvia în urma introducerii sale în 1990.

Rowell a conceput o abordare tehnică a extinderii gamei dinamice de a fi captată pe film. El a dezvoltat un set de filtre cu densitate neutră gradată ce au fost produse de Singh-Ray, un producător de filtre. Acestea au fost vândute sub denumirea sa și a devenit un standard pentru distribuirea scenelor cu contrast ridicat.

Galen Rowell, de asemenea, a stăpânit tehnica de utilizare a balansului de lumină, ceea ce i-a permis să lumineze cele mai adânci umbre, într-un mod subtil pentru a se potrivi relativ cu gama dinamică îngustă de film color inversară.

Moarte
Rowell, soția sa Barbara Cushman Rowell, pilotul Tom Reid și prietenul lui Carol McAffee au murit într-un accident de avion în Inyo County lângă Aeroportul Regional Sierra de Est, în Bishop, California, pe data de 11 august 2002. Soții Rowell se întorceau de la un workshop de fotografie din Alaska și se îndreptau spre Oakland.

Alpinism și aventurile realizate
 Mai mult de 100 de cățărări în tehnice de alpinism în Sierra Nevada.
 Prima zi de alpinism din Denali (în care aparatul său de fotografiat a înghețat).
 Prima circumnavigație de ski din Denali.
 Prima zi de alpinism din Kilimanjaro.
 Prima cățărare de pe muntele Trango Tower din Pakistan
 A doua cățărare pe vârful Amne Machin în 1981 cu Harold Knutsen și Kim Schmitz, raportând altitudinea de 20.610 '.
 Prima cățărare din Cholatse, cel mai mare vârf din regiunea Everest.
 Primele cățărări a numeroase vârfuri mai puțin cunoscute, dar provocatoare din întreaga lume, inclusiv Anzi, Alaska, Tibet, Nepal, China, Groelanda etc.
 Cea mai în vârstă persoană care s-a cățărat pe El Capitain din Yosemite într-o singură zi la vârsta de 57 de ani.

Note
Lucrările lui Rowell sunt expuse la Mountain Light Photography, în orașul estic Sierra Nevada din Bishop.

Rowell a fost câștigătorul Premiului Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering din cadrul Sierra Club, din 1977.

Rowell a fost decorat post-mortem ca membru de onoare în cadrul Ligii Internaționale de Conservare a Fotografilor în 2009.

Note

Nașteri în 1940
Decese în 2002
Alpiniști americani
Fotografi americani
Nașteri pe 23 august
Decese pe 11 august
Oameni din California
Americani din secolul al XX-lea

Galen Rowell


Constam a seguir os administradores eleitos no município de Wall Ferraz, criado pela Lei Estadual n.º 4.810 de 27 de dezembro de 1995 sancionada pelo governador Mão Santa e que foi instalado em 1º de janeiro de 1997.

Prefeitos de Wall Ferraz

Vice-prefeitos de Wall Ferraz

Vereadores de Wall Ferraz
Relação ordenada conforme o número de mandatos exercidos por cada vereador a partir do ano de sua primeira eleição, observado sempre que possível a ordem alfabética.

Wall Ferraz

Lista de prefeitos de Wall Ferraz


Tugu Stadyumu, Endonezya'nın başkenti Cakarta'da çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyum.

Tugu Stadyumunda çoğunlukla Futbol müsbakaları yapılmaktadır. Endonezya'nın Persitara Jakarta Utara takımının maçlarını yaptığı stadyum 5.000 seyirci kapasitelidir.

Endonezya'daki stadyumlar
Cakarta

Tugu Stadyumu


إنوسنتيوس الثامن ، وُلـِد باسم جوفاني باتيستا شيبو (جنوا، 1432 - روما، 25 يوليو 1492) ، البابا الكنيسة الكاثوليكية الثالث عشر بعد المئتين من عام 1484 حتى موته. عاصر العثمانيين في فترة السلطان محمد الفاتح و ابنه السلطان بايزيد الثاني.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أساقفة كاثوليك رومان إيطاليون في القرن 15
أساقفة كاثوليك رومان في القرن 15
أساقفة من مولفتا
أشخاص من أصل يوناني
أشخاص من جنوة
إيطاليون في القرن 15
إيطاليون من أصل يوناني
باباوات
باباوات إيطاليون
باباوات روما
باباوات يونانيون
بابوات في القرن 15
رجال دين من جنوة
مدفونون في كاتدرائية القديس بطرس
مواليد 1432
مواليد في سافونا
نهضة بابوية
وفيات 1492
وفيات في روما

إينوسنت الثامن


Amica es una ópera en dos actos de Pietro Mascagni y libreto en francés de Paul Berél. Se estrenó en el Théâtre du Casino de Montecarlo el 16 de marzo de 1905.

Historia
Amica fue la vuelta de Mascagni a la composición después del fracaso de su gesta de estrenar, en el año 1901, su ópera anterior, Le maschere, en seis teatros italianos la misma noche. Como si liberase la energía acumulada después de años de inacción, Mascagni escribió Amica a un ritmo febril que recuerda los primeros días del compositor. Tuvo un estelar estreno en Montecarlo con Geraldine Farrar, Charles Rousselière y Maurice Renaud. Su estructura, en dos actos con intermedio, se asemeja a Cavalleria rusticana, pero su entorno alpino y la rebelde heroína recuerda a La Wally de Catalani.

La única ópera de Mascagni con libreto en francés tuvo un éxito inmediato, con la audiencia y los críticos. Se estrenó en Italia con libreto en italiano escrito por el estrecho colaborador de Mascagni, Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti, el 13 de mayo de 1905 en el Teatro Costanzi de Roma. Pero a pesar de ese éxito inicial, igual que muchas de las óperas de Mascagni salvo Cavalleria rusticana, la obra cayó en el olvido. Esta ópera se representa muy poco. En las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con sólo 5 representaciones en el período 2005-2010, entre ellas el 4 de agosto de 2007 en el Festival della Valle d'Itria, con el libreto original en francés y del cual se editó un cedé y en octubre de 2008, la Ópera de Roma usó el libreto en italiano para una nueva producción en colaboración con la Ópera de Montecarlo, en el Teatro Carlo Goldoni de Livorno, con la soprano de Milán Amarilli Nizza como protagonista, quien también la interpretará en su regreso a Mónaco en marzo de 2013.

Personajes

Argumento
Amica está al servicio de una historia de triángulo sentimental. Pero con algunas diferencias respecto a la tradición: por el lado vocal, la soprano prefiere dedicar su pasión al barítono (Rinaldo) antes que al tenor (Giorgio); por el lado argumental, el amor fraterno se impone al carnal, con un cierto menosprecio hacia la mujer que acaba muerta, sin que Rinaldo o Giorgio, los hermanos, parezcan muy afectados por tal desenlace.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Notas, discografía y libreto (italiano - español) en Kareol

Óperas de 1905
Óperas de Pietro Mascagni
Óperas en francés
Óperas estrenadas en Montecarlo

Amica


James Charles Castle (* 25. September 1899 in Garden Valley, Idaho; † 26. Oktober 1977) war ein US-amerikanischer Künstler. Obschon Castle nichts über die Kunstwelt außerhalb dieser kleinen Gemeinde wusste, verlief sein Werk parallel zur Entwicklung der Kunstgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine Arbeiten wurden von bedeutenden Institutionen gesammelt. Das Philadelphia Museum of Art organisierte eine Retrospektive seiner Arbeiten, die als Wanderausstellung in den Vereinigten Staaten 2008 und 2009 zu sehen war. Castles Werk betrat die internationale Arena mit einer größeren Ausstellung in Madrid, Spanien am Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia 2011.

Biographie
Castle war Autodidakt, der sein ganzes Leben lang Zeichnungen, Assemblagen und Bücher schuf. Castle wurde vollständig taub geboren und es ist nicht bekannt, inwieweit er lesen, schreiben oder Gebärdensprache konnte. Castles künstlerische Werke wurden nahezu ausschließlich mit gefundenen Materialien erstellt, beispielsweise weggeworfenes Packpapier und Post sowie Lebensmittelpackungen aller Art. Castle mischte Tinte aus Ruß vom Holzofen und Spucke und applizierte diese mit selbstgemachten Werkzeugen (u. a. angespitzte Stöckchen und andere aufgelesene Objekte). Seine Zeichnungen stellen anschaulich Innenansichten, Gebäude, Tiere, Landschaften und Menschen dar, deren Grundlage der ländliche Bauernhof seiner Familie in Garden Valley sowie die Architektur und Landschaften der Orte war, an denen er lebte und die er besuchte.

Bücher und Artikel
James Castle, Galerie Karsten Greve, Cologne, Germany (2011)
James Castle: Show and Store, Edited by Lynne Cooke, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid (2011)
James Castle, The Douglas Hyde Gallery, Dublin, Ireland (2010)
James Castle: A Retrospective, Edited by Ann Percy, Yale University Press (2009)
James Castle: A Retrospective, by Lynne Cooke, Artforum (December 2009) 168–171.
Touched into Being by Stephen Westfall, Art in America, New York, (June 2001) 5–16.
American Anthem: Masterworks from the American Folk Art Museum, by Stacy C. Hollander and Brooke Davis Anderson, American Folk Art Museum in association with Henry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, (2001)
Twentieth Century American Folk Art and Artists, by Herbert W. Hemphill, Jr. and Julia Weissman, E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., New York (1974) 170.

Weblinks
 Philadelphia Museum of Art
 gallery and trailer for  James Castle: Portrait of an Artist  by Foundation for Self-Taught American Artists

Quellen
 James Castle Collection and Archive
 James Castle: A Retrospective, Edited by Ann Percy, Yale University Press (2009)
 James Castle: Show and Store, Edited by Lynne Cook, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia (2011)
 Robert Storr
 Lynne Cooke
 Stephen Westfall
 Terry Winters
 Zoe Leonard

Einzelnachweise

Künstler (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1899
Gestorben 1977
Mann

James Charles Castle


Pardamaza es una localidad del municipio de Toreno, en la comarca de El Bierzo, en la provincia de León, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León (España).

Situación

Se accede a Pardamaza por la carretera CV-127-4, que parte de Toreno y pasa por Librán.

Evolución demográfica

Referencias

Localidades de Toreno

Pardamaza


Villa Maria College is a private Roman Catholic college in Buffalo, New York. It was founded in 1960 by the Felician Sisters.

History
The college was initially a teacher-training center for sisters in the education apostolate and was established as an affiliate of the Catholic University of America. In 1961, a provisional charter was secured from the Board of Regents of the State of New York to grant Associate in Arts and Associate in Applied Science degrees to women religious.

The Paul William Beltz Family Art Gallery

The Paul William Beltz Family Art Gallery is located on the ground floor of the Main Building on campus. It gives students a professional space to display and share their work on campus. The gallery features exhibitions from students, faculty, as well as local and regional artists.

Athletics
The Villa Maria athletic teams are called the Vikings. The college is a member of the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), competing as an independent.

Villa Maria competes in seven intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include basketball, cross country and soccer; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country and soccer. Club sports include co-ed cheerleading.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official athletics website

Education in Buffalo, New York
Universities and colleges established in 1961
Universities and colleges in Erie County, New York
1961 establishments in New York (state)
Catholic universities and colleges in New York (state)
USCAA member institutions

Villa Maria College


Una geovalla o geocerca es un perímetro virtual de un área geográfica del mundo real.

Una geovalla puede generarse dinámicamente como un radio alrededor de la situación de un punto. O puede ser un conjunto predefinido de límites, como las zonas de asistencia a un colegio o los límites de un barrio. También se usan geovallas digitalizadas a medida del usuario.

Cuando el usuario de un localizador de un servicio de localización (LBS), entra o sale de una geovalla, el aparato recibe una notificación. Esta notificación puede contener información sobre la localización del aparato. La notificación de geovalla puede ser enviada a un teléfono móvil o a una cuenta de correo electrónico.

El geovallado, usado con servicios de localización de niños, pueden notificar a los padres cuando un niño abandona un área designada.

El geovallado es un elemento crítico del hardware y software telemático. Permite a los usuarios del sistema dibujar zonas alrededor de áreas de trabajo, sitios de usuarios y áreas seguras. Estas geovallas cuando se cruzan por un vehículo o persona equipada con un localizador pueden disparar un aviso al usuario o operador vía SMS o correo electrónico.

Otras aplicaciones incluyen el envío de alertas si roban un vehículo y notificar a los guardas cuando los animales salvajes entran en zona habitada o granjas.

El geovallado en un modelo de estrategia de seguridad proporciona seguridad a las redes de área local inalámbricas. Esto se hace usando límites predefinidos, p.ej., el espacio de una oficina con los límites establecidos por tecnología de posicionamiento adjunta a servidores especialmente programados. El espacio de la oficina es una localización autorizada para los usuarios designados y los aparatos móviles inalámbricos.

Véase también
GPS
GPS Asistido (A-GPS)
Geocaching
Geotagging
Sistema de navegación para automóviles

Referencias

De Lara, Eyal; Anthony LaMarca, Mahadev Satyanarayanan (2008). Location Systems: An Introduction to the Technology Behind Location Awareness. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-59829-581-8.
Anthony .C. Ijeh, Allan .J. Brimicombe, David .S. Preston, Chris .O. Imafidon (2009) Geofencing in a Security Strategy Model: Global Safety and Sustainability. Jahankhani, Hi. Hessami, A.G. Hsu, F. (Eds.) p.104-111 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009. ISBN 978-3-642-04061-0

GPS

Geovalla


An Holcoglossum rupestre in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Hand.-mazz., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leslie Andrew Garay. An Holcoglossum rupestre in nahilalakip ha genus nga Holcoglossum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Holcoglossum

Holcoglossum rupestre


Constantin Codreanu () este un deputat român, ales în 2016.

Vezi și
 Legislatura 2016-2020 (Camera Deputaților)
 Parlamentul României

Legături externe
 Activitatea parlamentară

Politicieni români în viață
Deputați români 2016-2020
Membri ai Partidului Mișcarea Populară
Politicieni moldoveni
Români basarabeni
Nașteri în 1981
Absolvenți ai Universității de Stat "Alecu Russo" din Bălți
Absolvenți ai Universității din București

Constantin Codreanu


Sportska dvorana Baldekin ili skraćeno Baldekin, višenamjenska je sportska dvorana smještena u dijelu grada Šibenika, Baldekinu. Dvorana je predviđena za košarku, rukomet, odbojku i mali nogomet.

Dvoranu od 1973. koristi ŽKK Šibenik, u razdoblju od 1973. do 2010. godine koristio je KK Šibenik, a od 2010. do danas još su korisnici GKK Šibenka, MNK Crnica Šibenik, MNK Šibenik 1983 te OK Šibenik 91. Dvoranu je za potrebe treninga i utakmica također koristio i ugašeni košarkaški klub Jolly Jadranska banka Šibenik.

Povijest
Dvorana se gradila početkom sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, a službeno je otvorena 1973. godine kao Sportska dvorana "Ivo Lola Ribar". U dvorani se od 15. do 18. veljače 2017. odigravao završni turnir kupa Krešimira Ćosića. Prilikom 80-tih i 90-tih, u dvoranu na Baldekinu natiskalo bi se i do 4.000 ljudi, primjerice u ožujku i travnju 1983. godine na utakmicama Šibenke i Crvene zvezde te Šibenke i Bosne.

Utakmicu s Crvenom zvezdom, prema procjenama, pratilo je gotovo 4.000 ljudi uz pomoć dodatnih tribina postavljenih ispod oba koša u dvorani, koje se i danas koriste, no povremeno, kao primjerice, na završnici kupa Krešimira Ćosića 2016./17. Uz to su ljudi, u odnosu na danas, stajali na tzv. balkonu (katu iznad tribina), oko dodatnih tribina postavljenih ispod koševa, iza klupa igrača te iza zapisničkoga stola. Godine 2014. u dvorani se održavao i Hrvatski košarkaški All-Star.

Dvorana je preuređena 2015. godine, a dvije godine prije promijenjene su stolice na tribinama. Godine 2017., za potrebe polufinalne utakmice prvenstva Hrvatske između Šibenika i Cibone, postavljene su dodatne tribine, stoga je potpuni kapacitet iznosio 1.726 sjedećih mjesta. Špekuliralo se kako će GKK Šibenik u sezoni 2017./18. zaigrati u regionalnoj ABA ligi ili FIBA-inoj Ligi prvaka pa su tom prilikom trebali biti postavljeni novi, montažni koševi koji bi odgovarali uvjetima za igranje takvih natjecanja, no do ulaska kluba u regionalno ili europsko natjecanje nije došlo, stoga nije bilo potrebe za povećanjem kapaciteta.

Osim sportskih priredbi, u dvorani se održavaju i brojni skupovi i koncerti, poput koncerta Crvene jabuke i snimanja HRT-ove emisije Lijepom našom tijekom 2016. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Šibenik, Baldekin
Baldekin
Baldekin

Dvorana Baldekin


est un film japonais réalisé par Tatsumi Kumashiro, sorti en 1973. Il a pour suite Yojō-han fusuma no urabari: Shinobi hada sorti l'année suivante.

Synopsis
Alors que le Japon est en guerre contre la Russie, en 1918, Yuko, une geisha à un amant militaire et Sodeko découvre la jouissance avec un nouveau client, Shinsuke.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Derrière les parois de papier
 Autres titres : Derrière le rideau de Fusama, Le Rideau de Fusuma
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Tatsumi Kumashiro
 Scénario : Tatsumi Kumashiro d'après la nouvelle Le Secret de la petite chambre de Kafū Nagai
 Photographie : Shinsaku Himeda
 Montage : Akira Suzuki
 Production : Akira Miura
 Société de production : Nikkatsu
 Pays :
 Genre : Comédie dramatique, érotique et historique
 Durée : 72 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :
 :

Distribution
 Junko Miyashita : Sodeko
 Eimei Esumi : Shinsuke
 Gō Awazu : Kōichi
 Moeko Ezawa : Hanae
 Naomi Oka : Yūko
 Meika Seri : Hanamaru
 Hatsuo Yamaya : Pinsuke

Accueil
Le film fait l'objet d'une sortie au cinéma en France en 2000. À cette occasion, Jean-François Rauger pour Le Monde écrit à  propos du film que « Visiblement moins préoccupé que d'autres de ses confrères par la perversion et la violence, Kumashiro filme, avec humour et une incroyable énergie amoureuse, des femmes à la sexualité conquérante ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film japonais sorti en 1973
Comédie dramatique japonaise
Film érotique japonais
Film historique japonais
Film se déroulant dans les années 1910
Film sur la prostitution au Japon
Film mettant en scène une geisha
Adaptation d'une nouvelle japonaise au cinéma
Film de Nikkatsu
Film réalisé par Tatsumi Kumashiro

Derrière les parois de papier


Wüstenhain ist ein Weiler von Brahmenau im Landkreis Greiz in Thüringen.

Lage
Wüstenhain befindet sich westlich von Brahmenau östlich der Bundesstraße 2 im Ronneburger Acker- und Bergbaugebiet an der Kreisstraße 109.

Angrenzende Orte
Angrenzende Orte sind im Uhrzeigersinn im Norden beginnend Cretzschwitz, im Nordosten Söllmnitz, im Südosten Zschippach, im Südwesten Dorna und im Westen Negis.

Geschichte
Als Neubauernsiedlung wurde Wüstenhain 1946 gegründet. 60 Personen wohnten 2012 im Ortsteil.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Greiz
Brahmenau

Wüstenhain (Brahmenau)


Biel este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Trebišov din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.407 locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Čierna nad Tisou.

Istoric
Localitatea Biel este atestată documentar din 1265.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Biel, Trebišov


Als Wunder von Braunschweig wird eine Serie zahlreicher anonymer Bargeld-Spenden in Braunschweig an soziale und karitative Einrichtungen sowie unverschuldet in Not geratene Einzelpersonen bezeichnet, die im November 2011 begann.

Ablauf
Es wird vermutet, dass Auslöser für die Spenden, die sich im Januar 2014 auf über 260.000 Euro beliefen, verschiedene Artikel der Braunschweiger Zeitung waren, da den meisten Geldbeträgen, die sich jeweils in einem weißen Briefumschlag befanden, aktuelle Zeitungsausschnitte beilagen, in denen die Situation der Spendenempfänger dargestellt wurde. Die Spenden, meist jeweils 10.000 Euro in 500-Euro-Scheinen, gingen bei der Stiftung Opferhilfe, der Braunschweiger Verkehrswacht, dem Naturhistorischen Museum, mehreren Kindertagesstätten, verschiedenen Kirchengemeinden, einer Suppenküche, den Braunschweiger Sternsingern, der Braunschweiger Tafel und dem Hospiz ein. Auch Einzelpersonen wurden bedacht, so beispielsweise eine alte Frau, die Opfer von Trickdieben geworden war, und ein Junge, der seit einem Schwimmunfall schwerbehindert ist. Am 17. Mai 2012 wurde bekannt, dass Grundschülern der britischen Partnerstadt Bath mit einer Spende von 5000 Euro ein Besuch in Braunschweig ermöglicht werden sollte. Zum Weihnachtsfest 2012 erhielt die Braunschweiger Stadtverwaltung einen Umschlag mit 50.000 Euro und einer Liste mit Vorschlägen, welchen Institutionen der Betrag zugutekommen sollte. Am 2. Januar 2013 wurden 4000 Euro für die deutsche Kirchenschule in der äthiopischen Hauptstadt Addis Abeba gespendet, und am 30. Januar wurde das Gewaltpräventionsprojekt an der Grund- und Hauptschule Sophienstraße mit 2600 Euro bedacht. Im März und Mai 2013 spendete eine ältere Dame zusammen 30.000 Euro für das Hospiz in Braunschweig. Die Dame gab das Geld persönlich ab, wollte aber ihren Namen auch auf Nachfrage nicht nennen. Mitte 2013 erhielt die Braunschweiger Bürgerstiftung eine anonyme Spende, da ihr Bürgerbrunch wegen schlechten Wetters nicht kostendeckend ausgerichtet werden konnte, und dem Naturhistorischen Museum wurde mit 1000 Euro über Finanzierungsengpässe hinweggeholfen. Auch im nur wenige Kilometer entfernten Wolfenbüttel wurde anonym für den Erhalt einer Kirchenorgel gespendet. Kurz vor Weihnachten 2013 spendete erneut eine ältere Dame 10.000 Euro an ein Braunschweiger Hospiz, die jedoch anonym bleiben wollte.

Fraglich ist, ob es sich dabei immer um eine Person handelte oder ob sich eine besondere Spendenkultur etabliert hatte. Im November 2015 setzte sich diese Serie von anonymen Spenden fort, als die katholische Kindertagesstätte St. Marien eine Spende in Höhe von 4000 Euro erhielt.

Aufregung um unverdiente Spende
Am 14. Februar 2013 erhielt ein 27-Jähriger 5000 Euro, der nach eigenen Angaben Zivilcourage gezeigt hatte und dabei selbst zum Opfer geworden sei. Dem Umschlag mit dem Geld lag ein entsprechender Artikel der Braunschweiger Zeitung bei. Auf den Umschlag hatte der Spender "Danke" geschrieben.
Im weiteren Verfahren stellte es sich jedoch so dar, dass es sich bei dem Empfänger der Spende in Wirklichkeit mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit um den eigentlichen Täter handelte, der sich seine Verletzungen bei einem selbstverschuldeten Sturz zugezogen hatte, während er seine Opfer verfolgt hatte. Die Ermittlungen gegen die zunächst von ihm beschuldigten Jugendlichen wurden eingestellt. Vielmehr erhielt der 27-Jährige nun selbst einen Strafbefehl des Amtsgerichts Braunschweig, den er auch akzeptierte, so dass das Geschehen nicht noch einmal im Rahmen einer Gerichtsverhandlung aufbereitet wurde.

Mediale Aufmerksamkeit
Neben der kontinuierlichen Berichterstattung der Braunschweiger Zeitung nahmen sich weitere, auch überregionale Medien wie beispielsweise das Hamburger Abendblatt, Spiegel Online die taz oder der Stern und internationale Medien des Themas an. Auch Rundfunk- und Fernsehsender berichteten darüber, so beispielsweise RTL, Das Erste und das ZDF. Nachdem der 11-jährige Pablo im argentinischen Fernsehen einen Bericht über die Braunschweiger Spenden gesehen hatte, wandte er sich online an die Braunschweiger Zeitung, um auf die existenzielle Not seiner Familie und den drohenden Wohnungsverlust aufmerksam zu machen. Darüber wurde in der Zeitung berichtet, woraufhin eine unbekannte Person eine Spende von 2000 Euro für Pablos Familie übermittelte. Das Spendenwunder wurde vom österreichischen Bestsellerautor Daniel Glattauer in seinem Roman Geschenkt (2014) verarbeitet. Basierend auf Glattauers Erzählung inszenierte Daniel Prochaska 2018 die ORF-Stadtkomödie Geschenkt.

Weblinks
 Henning Noske: Kommentar: Wie im Märchen. In: Braunschweiger Zeitung vom 7. Februar 2012.
 Bettina Habermann: 10.000 Euro lagen unter Fußmatte am Hospiz. In: Braunschweiger Zeitung vom 24. Februar 2012.
 Katja Dartsch: Braunschweiger Spendenwunder begeistert Welt. In: Braunschweiger Zeitung vom 9. März 2012.
 Hayley Platt: Mystery Donor Keeps German Town Guessing. Video bei Reuters (Vereinigtes Königreich) vom 9. März 2012.

Einzelnachweise

Wunder von Braunschweig
Braunschweigische Geschichte
Anonymität
Ereignis (21. Jahrhundert)
2010er

Wunder von Braunschweig


ඩාවින් දිනය යනු, 1809 පෙබරවාරි 12 දිනදී සිදුවූ චාල්ස් ඩාවින්ගේ උපත  සිහිකෙරෙන සැමරුමකි. සාමාන්‍ය වශයෙන් විද්‍යාවෙහි ප්‍රවර්ධනයට ඩාවින්ගේ දායකත්වයද විද්‍යාව සඳහා ඩාවින්ගේ දායකත්වයද මෙම දිනයේදී ඉස්මතු කර දැක්වෙයි.

ඉතිහාසය
අවුරුදු 73 ක් දිවි ගෙවා, 1882 අප්‍රේල් 19 දින ඔහුගේ මරණය සිදුවීමෙහි සිට, ඩාවින්ගේ කෘති පිළිබඳ සැමරුම හා ඔහුගේ දිවිය ගැන ගුණකථනය කෙරුම විටින් විට සිදු වී ඇත. ඩාවින් සහ ඔහුගේ පවුලේ සාමාජිකයන්, 1842 සිට ඒමා ඩාවින්ගේ මරණය 1896දී සිදුවීම දක්වා දිවි ගෙවූ, ලන්ඩනයේ දකුණු යාබද පෙදෙසෙහි සිහිටි ඩවුන් හී ඩවුන් හවුස් තුලදී මෙම සැමරුම් සිදුවී ඇත.

ඩාවින්ගේ දායකත්වයන්ට ගරු බුහුමන් දැක්වීමටද සහ පිළිගැනීම සඳහා ඉදිරිපත් කර තිබූ මෑතකාලීන සොයාගැනීම් සහ සබැඳි සිද්ධාන්තයන් පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡා කෙරුමටද, විවිධ රටවල් 167 ක් වෙතින් විද්‍යාඥයින් සහ උසස් පදවිධාරින් 400 කට වැඩි ගණනක්, 1909දී කේම්බ්‍රිජ් වෙතට එක් වූහ. පොදු ජන අවධානය යොමු කරගනිමින් පුළුල් ප්‍රචාරයක් ලබා ගැනුමට මෙම සිදුවීම සමත් විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

ඩාවින් දිනය


Raufarhafnarviti er 10 metra hár ferstrendur steinsteyptur viti sem stendur á Höfðanum við mynni Raufarhafnar. Vitinn var reistur árið 1931. Ljóseinkenni hans er Fl(3) WRG 20s (þrjú blikkljós í þrískiptum geira á 20 sekúndna fresti).

Raufarhöfn
Vitar á Íslandi

Raufarhafnarviti


James Stone, (* 1954 in Edinburgh) ist ein schottischer Politiker und Mitglied der Liberal Democrats.

Leben
Stone besuchte die Tain Royal Academy und die Gordonstoun School in Elgin. Anschließend ging er an die Universität St Andrews, die er als Master der Geologie und Geschichte abschloss. Stone war unter anderem als Englischlehrer in Catania auf Sizilien und in der Lebensmittelindustrie tätig. Vor seiner Wahl ins Schottische Parlament war er bereits seit mehr als 13 Jahren Ratsmitglied, zunächst der Region Ross and Cromarty, dann der Region Highland.

Politischer Werdegang

Schottisches Parlament
Erstmals trat Stone bei den Schottischen Parlamentswahlen 1999 zu nationalen Wahlen an. Er kandidierte im Wahlkreis Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross und konnte das Direktmandat mit deutlichem Vorsprung vor den Kandidaten der Labour Party und der SNP erringen. Er zog in das neugeschaffene Schottische Parlament ein und konnte bei den folgenden Parlamentswahlen 2003 und 2007 sein Mandat verteidigen. Wie auch sein Parteikollege John Farquhar Munro kündigte Stone vor den Parlamentswahlen 2011 an, sich um keine weitere Amtszeit zu bewerben und schied zum Ende der Legislaturperiode aus dem Parlament aus. Im Zuge der Wahlkreisreform 2011 wurde der Wahlkreis Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross aufgelöst und weitgehend durch den neugeschaffenen Wahlkreis Caithness, Sutherland and Ross ersetzt. Das Direktmandat gewann Rob Gibson von der SNP.

Britisches Unterhaus
Stones Parteikollege John Thurso hatte seit 2001 den Wahlkreis Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross im britischen Unterhaus vertreten. Nachdem er seinen Sitz bei den Unterhauswahlen 2015 an den SNP-Kandidaten Paul Monaghan verloren hatte und später in das House of Lords gewählt worden war, trat er zu den Unterhauswahlen 2017 nicht mehr an. Stone wurde als Nachfolger der Liberaldemokraten im Wahlkreis Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross nominiert. Am Wahltag konnte er die Stimmmehrheit erringen und zog in der Folge erstmals in das Unterhaus ein.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Abgeordneter des House of Commons (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Mitglied der Scottish Liberal Democrats
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (Highland, Council Area)
Schotte
Brite
Geboren 1954
Mann

Jamie Stone


Ahmad Shamlou (, Ahmad Šāmlū , also known under his pen name A. Bamdad ()) (December 12, 1925 – July 23, 2000) was an Iranian poet, writer, and journalist. Shamlou was arguably the most influential poet of modern Iran. His initial poetry was influenced by and in the tradition of Nima Youshij. In fact, Abdolali Dastgheib, Iranian literary critic, argues that Shamlou is one of the pioneers of modern Persian poetry and has had the greatest influence, after Nima, on Iranian poets of his era. Shamlou's poetry is complex, yet his imagery, which contributes significantly to the intensity of his poems, is accessible. As the base, he uses the traditional imagery familiar to his Iranian audience through the works of Persian masters like Hafez and Omar Khayyám. For infrastructure and impact, he uses a kind of everyday imagery in which personified oxymoronic elements are spiked with an unreal combination of the abstract and the concrete thus far unprecedented in Persian poetry, which distressed some of the admirers of more traditional poetry.

Shamlou has translated extensively from French to Persian and his own works are also translated into a number of languages. He has also written a number of plays, edited the works of major classical Persian poets, especially Hafez. His thirteen-volume Ketab-e Koucheh (The Book of Alley) is a major contribution in understanding the Iranian folklore beliefs and language. He also wrote fiction and screenplays, contributing to children's literature, and journalism.

Biography

Early life
Ahmad Shamlou was born to Haydar Shamlou and Kowkab Araqi on December 12, 1925, in Rasht to an army family. Ahmad was the second child and the only son in a family of six children. In the manner of many children who grow up in families with military parents, he received his early education in various towns, including Khash and Zahedan in the southeast of Iran, and Mashhad in the northeast, and Rasht in the north. Shamlou's childhood and adolescence were neither privileged nor easy and home was not an environment that could foster his sensitivities and he often found solace in solitude. Moving with his family from one town to the next proved a hurdle to Shamlou's education.

By 1941, his high school education still incomplete, he left Birjand for Tehran. He intended to attend the German-established Tehran Technical School, one of the best secondary schools of that period and learn the German language. He was admitted to this school on the condition that he be demoted two years. Soon in 1942, he and the rest of the family once again left Tehran to move to Gorgan. In 1945, he made a final attempt at completing his high school degree in Urumieh, but he failed. At age 29, following the fall of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, Shamlou was arrested for being a member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran and imprisoned for more than one year.

Early work

Shamlou's debut work, Forgotten Songs (), was a collection of classical and modern poetry which was published in 1947 with an introduction of Ebrahim Dilmaghanian. In 1948, he started to write in a literary monthly called Sokhan-no. Two years later, his first short story, "The Woman Behind the Brass Door" (), was published. His second collection of poems, Manifesto (), was published in 1951. He showed inclinations toward socialist ideology. He got a job in the Hungarian embassy as their cultural advisor.

His third collection of poems, Metals and Sense (1952), was banned and destroyed by the police. His translations of Gold in Dirt, by Sigmund Motritz, and the voluminous novel The Heartless Man's Sons  by Mór Jókai, together with all data gathered for his work on the colloquial culture of urban Iranian life (to be known as The Book Of Alley) were also confiscated and destroyed. In 1954 he was jailed for 14 months. in 1955 he translated and published three novels by European writers. He became the editor-in-chief of Bamshad literary magazine in 1956.

1957–1959

He rose to fame from his next volume of poetry, Fresh Air (), published in 1957. Zia Movahed, poet and philosopher commented that "Anyone who reads Fresh Air today can see that this language, this texture, is different from anything else. In contemporary poetry, few have accomplished this kind of rhythm as Shamlou has. Fresh Air  was the greatest event in our poetry—after Hafiz".

His translation of Barefoot, a novel by Zaharia Stancu, was released in 1958, establishing Shamlou's authority as a translator. In 1959 he began publishing short stories for children, as well as directing documentary films and working for film studios.

1960–1969
In 1960, a new collection of his poems, The Garden of Mirrors, was released.

In 1961, he became editor-in-chief of Ketab-e-Hafte, a magazine that changes the tradition and language of literary journalism in Iran. In 1962 his translations of André Gide and Robert Merle were published. Two collections of poetry were published in 1964: Ayda in Mirror and Moment and Eternity. A new collection of poems was released in 1965: Ayda, Trees, Memories and the Dagger, as well as a new translation. He also began his third attempt to compile The Book of Alley. In 1966, another new collection of poems was published, called Phoenix in the Rain, and his literary magazine was banned by the Ministry of Information (SAVAK).

In 1967, he became editor-in-chief of Khusheh. His new translation of Erskine Caldwell was published, and he participated in the formation of the Union of Iranian Writers and gave several poetry readings at Iranian universities. In 1968, he began his study of Hafez, the classical grand poet of the Persian language; translated García Lorca's poems and Song of Solomon from the Old Testament; organized a week of poetry reading for established and new Iranian poets, which was very well received. The poems debuted at this event appear in a voluminous book edited by Shamlou. In 1969, his weekly magazine was closed down by the police. Of The Air And Mirrors, a selection of older poetry, was published, together with his collection of new poems, Odes for the Earth.

1970–1979
In 1970, Blossoming in the Mist was published. He also directed a few documentary films for television and published several short stories for children. In 1971, he redid some of his earlier translations.

In 1972, he taught Persian literature at Tehran University. Several audio cassettes were released of Shamlou reciting other classical and modern poets' work. He obtained membership in the Iranian Academy of Language. He published several new translations and wrote a few film scripts. He traveled to Paris for medical treatment.

In 1973, two new collections, Abraham in Fire and Doors and the Great China Wall, were released, along with several new translations. "The Song of Abraham in Fire" in the collection, Abraham in Fire is one of the most well-crafted and famous contemporary Persian poems written by Ahmad Shamlou. Shamlou connects his poem to the collective consciousness of the whole world, presenting characters of the hero and even the social scapegoat rather in a curious way as we read about the case of a man who sacrifices himself for land and love and, yet, who is betrayed by others due to their ignorance and biases. In 1975, he published his work and study of Hafez. In 1976, he travelled to the United States and gave poetry readings in many cities. He participated in the San Francisco Poetry Festival before returning to Iran.

In 1977, he published his new poem, Dagger on the Plate. He left Iran in protest of the Shah's regime and stayed in the United States for a year, giving lectures in American universities.

In 1978, he left the United States for Britain to act as the editor-in-chief for a new publication called Iranshahr; he resigned after 12 issues and returned to Iran just after the advent of the revolution. He rejoined the Union of Iranian Writers and began publishing a new periodical, Ketab-e Jom'e to great success. 1978 was a very active year in his life, and he published many poems and translations, as well as giving numerous lectures and readings. He was also elected to the membership of the Writer's Union's leadership. 1979 was also a year of intense activity. The first and second volumes of The Book of Alley went to print. He was also re-elected as a member of the Writer's Union's leadership.

1980–2000
Starting in 1980, owing to the harsh political situation in his country, he led a rather secluded life that would last for the next eight years, working with Ayda on The Book Of Alley, as well as many other literary endeavors, including a translation of And Quiet Flows The Don by Mikhail Sholokhov. In 1984 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

In 1988 he was invited by Interlit, the World Literary Congress. He toured Europe giving many lectures and readings. His complete collection of poems was printed in Germany, and he returned to Iran. In 1990 he toured the United States. Human Rights and The Fund For Freedom of Expression presented him with their annual award. Several works were published in his poetry and his overall literary contribution.

In 1991 he toured Europe again and returned to Iran for another four years of intensive work. That same year, he won the Freedom of Expression Award given by the New York–based Human Rights Watch. In 1992, his work Sacred Words appeared in Armenian and English. In 1994, he toured Sweden, invited by his Swedish editor Masoud Dehghani Firouzabadi, giving numerous lectures and readings.

In 1995, he finished the translation of And Quiet Flows The Don. There was a special gathering in Toronto of Iranian writers and critics to discuss Shamlou's contribution to Persian poetry. His Aurora! was also published in Spanish. In 1999, he was presented with the Stig Dagerman Prize by the Swedish Foundation.

Personal life

Shamlou was married three times. In 1947, he married Ashraf Isslamiya (d. 1978), and together they had three sons and a daughter: Siavash Shamlou, (1948–2009), Sirous Shamlou, Saman Shamlou, Saghi Shamlou. They divorced in 1957 after several years of conflict and long separation. His second marriage to  (1917–1996) who was older than Shamlou, ended in divorce in 1963 after four years of marriage.

He met Aida Sarkisian in the spring of 1962 and they were married two years later in 1964. Aida came from an Armenian-Iranian family who lived in the same neighborhood as Shamlou. Her Christian family objected to the marriage on the basis of the Islamic background of Shamlou's family. Moreover, Shamlou was older, and had been divorced twice. She became an instrumental figure in Shamlou's life, and they remained together until his death in 2000. Her name appears in many of his later poems. She currently lives in Karaj.

Death
Suffering from several illnesses at the same time, Shamlou's physical condition deteriorated in 1996. He underwent several operations, and in 1997, his right foot was amputated due to severe diabetic problems. He died on Sunday, 23 July 2000, at 9 p.m. at his home in Dehkadeh Fardis in Karaj due to complications from his diabetes. On 27 July thousands took part in Ahmad Shamlou's funeral. He was buried in Emamzadeh Taher, Karaj.

Works and style

Ahmad Shamlou has published more than seventy books: 16 volumes of poetry; 5 anthologies of poetry; 5 volumes including novels about kids, short stories & screenplays about soup; 9 volumes of children's literature about Clifford; 9 translations of poetry into Persian; 21 novels translated into Persian; 5 collections of essays, lectures and interviews; 10 volumes (to date) of The Book Of Alley.

Ahmad Shamlou's poetic vision accords with both western Modernist concepts and the modern transformation of classical Persian poetry. The Spanish poet, Federico García Lorca, the African American poet Langston Hughes, the French thinker and writer, Louis Aragon, and Nima Youshij are among the figures who influenced him. One of the disciples of Nima Youshij, Shamlou, standing among the generation who adopted his techniques, constantly sought untried ways, new poetic realms. He quickly became the flag bearer of young Iranian poets and writers that included Forough Farrokhzad, Sohrab Sepehri, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Yadollah Roya'i, Nosrat Rahmani, and Nader Naderpour.

Shamlou is known for employing the style and words of the everyman. He developed a simple, free poetic style, known in Iran as Sepid Persian Poetry (literally meaning white), which is a kind of free verse that departs from the tightly balanced rhythm and rhymes of classical Persian poetry. The themes in his poetry range from political issues, mostly freedom, to the human condition.

Shamlou's poems are filled with mythological concepts and symbols to glorify seemingly simple and ordinary figures who are politically condemned for their revolutionary beliefs that, regardless of governmental suppression, actually reflect the activists' deep love of their nation and people. Even though his focus is the purity of such individuals, many of whom were his close friends, Shamlou writes his elegiac poems boldly, and does not hold back from criticizing and denouncing hypocrisy and cruelty of his society.

Political views
Shamlou was a Marxist and a socially minded intellectual who has woven personal love and affection together with his social attitudes. He was a major force in the intellectual movement opposed to the former Shah of Iran before the 1979 revolution. During his long life, Shamlou was politically active and imprisoned twice, first after the end of World War II and then after the 1953 coup, but he continued to remain socio-politically active by writing poems devoted to political and social critique even after the Iranian Revolution. In 1976, he left his country as a form of protest against censorship and the suffocating political atmosphere. In 1977, one year before the collapse of the Shah's Regime, he signed an open letter which supported the rights of gathering for members of The Writers Association of Iran. New Islamic regime wasn't favorable to him, considering him as an anti-Islamist nationalist element, a traitor and a Westernised writer. However, with a view to his popularity, the ruling clerics could not arrest him, but at the same time didn't allow publication of his works for many years. Since the early 1990s his poems have appeared in many literary journals.

Awards
Forough Farrokhzad Prize, 1973
Freedom of Expression Award given by Human Rights Watch, 1990
Stig Dagerman Prize, 1999
Free Word Award given by Poets of All Nations in Netherlands, 2000

Books
 The Forgotten Songs (1947)
 The Verdict (1951)
 Poems of Iron and Feelings (1953)
 Fresh Air (1957)
 The Mirror Orchard (1960)
 Ayda in the Mirror (1964)
 Moments and Forever (1964)
 Ayda: Tree, Dagger, Remembrance (1965)
 Phoenix in the Rain (1966)
 Blossoming in the Mist (1970)
 Abraham in the Fire (1973)
 The Doors and the Great Wall of China (1973)
 Of Airs and Mirrors (1974)
 Poniard on the Plate (1977)
 Little Rhapsodizes of Exile (1979–1980)
 Unrewarded Eulogies (1992)
 The Cul-de-Sac and the Tigers in Love (1998)
 The Tale of Mahan's Restlessness (2000)
 The Book of Alley (1978–present)

Books in translation

In English translation
 , includes translations of 30 works.

In French translation
 Châmlou, Ahmad. Choix de poèmes, tr. Ahmad Kamyabi Mask. Paris: A. Kamyabi Mask, 2000.
 S̆āmlū, Aḥmad. Hymnes d'amour et d'espoir. tr. Parviz Khazrai. Orphée, La Différence, 1994.
 Shamlou, Ahmad. "Hurle-moi", tr. Sylvie Mochiri Miller. L'Harmattan, collection Iran en Transition, 2021
 Shamlou, Ahmad. La Passion de la Recréation. Poésies. Tr. Media Kashigar et Jalal Alavinia, Ed. Lettres Persanes, 2022. 368 pages. 125 poèmes. Biographie complète.

Adaptations

The Fairies Opera
In 1989 the Persian-Canadian composer Sheida Gharachedaghi wrote an opera based on the English translation of Shamlou's The Fairies.
The Fairies Opera had a Live performance in Toronto in 1989. The CD of the 1989 - live performance of this opera was released in July 2020 in Europe on the occasion of Shamlou's 20th death anniversary. Kayhan Kalhor had sung The Fairies in Persian with solo instrument Setar in one part of the live performance, however this part is not included in the CD.
The composer had tried to obtain the permission to release this CD in Iran as well, but due to ban of solo female singing, the permit had not been issued. The British journal Opera writes: "with lyrics such as 'everybody sing and dance/ this is a real person's chance', 'darkness away, devils die!'... it's not hard to fathom why the work has been banned in Iran for three decades."

Abraham in Flames
Abraham in Flames ابراهیم در آتش, an opera created by Niloufar Talebi with composer Aleksandra Vrebalov and director Roy Rallo, world premiered on May 9–12, 2019 at San Francisco's Z Space as an immersive performance. Abraham in Flames is inspired by the imagery in Shamlou's life and poetry, and trials by fire in our search for truth, a metaphor Shamlou often used in his poetry. The opera was called "...An amazing achievement for everybody involved, and truly a worthy addition to the opera world"  and became a San Francisco Chronicle 2019 "Best in New Music and Classical Performance"  selection.

See also

Intellectual movements in Iran

References

Further reading

 Talebi, Niloufar (2019) Self-Portrait in Bloom (L'Aleph), a portrait of Ahmad Shamlou and his poetry in award-winning English translation.
 Atashi, Manouchehr (2004). Ahmad Shamlou: a Critical Analise. Amitis Publication
 Dastgheib, Abdolali (2006) The Poet of Love and Dawn, Critical Review of poems by Ahmad Shamlou. Amitis Publishers, Tehran, Iran. . (Persian title: شاعرعشق و سپیده دمان ).
 Firoozeh Papan-Matin (1984). The Love Poems Of Ahmad Shamlou.
 Mojabi, Javad. (2004). Bamdad's Mirror: Satire and Epic in Shamlou's Works. Digar Publication. .
 Mojabi, Javad (1998). Shenakht-nameyeh Shamlou (Biography of Shamlou), .
 Pashai, A (2000). Life and Poetry of Ahmad Shamlou. Sales Publication.
 Pournamdarian, Taghi (2002). Journey in the mist, Negah Publication.
 Salajegheh, Parvin, (2008). Amirzadeh-ye-Kashiha, Morvarid Publication.

External links

 The Official Website
 Another website about Shamlou

Persian-language poets
Iranian journalists
20th-century Iranian poets
Iranian translators
Politicians from Tehran
Burials at Emamzadeh Taher
1925 births
2000 deaths
20th-century translators
Tudeh Party of Iran members
Iranian Writers Association members
20th-century journalists
Iranian magazine founders
Deaths from diabetes

Ahmad Shamlou


FK Mladá Boleslav, Mladá Boleslav'da kurulmuş bir Çek futbol kulübüdür. Takım en büyük başarısını 2005-06 sezonunda kaydetti. Gambrinus Liga'yı 2. sırada tamamladı ve böylece UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi ön elemelerine katılmaya hak kazandı. Kulübün ana destekçisi Skoda Auto'dur. 2005-06 sezonu şampiyonlar ligi elemelerinde Galatasaray'a deplasmanda 5-2 evinde ise 1-1lik skorlarla elenmiştir.

Takım Kadrosu
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Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 www.fkmb.cz  - Kulübün resmî sayfası
 fanklub.fkmb.cz  - Taraftar sayfası

Çekya'daki futbol kulüpleri
1902'de kurulan futbol kulüpleri

FK Mladá Boleslav


Leuconitocris schoutedeni é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae.  Foi descrito por Stephan von Breuning em 1951.

Referências

Leuconitocris
Coleópteros descritos em 1951

Leuconitocris schoutedeni


Papinska crkvena akademija je ustanova Katoličke crkve, koja priprema svećenike za diplomatsku službu u nuncijaturama diljem svijeta ili u Državnom tajništvu Svete Stolice.

Organizacija
Papinska crkvena akademija je institucija pod direktnom upravom Državnog tajništva Svete Stolice, odnosno Državnog tajnika pro tempore.

Akademiju vodi predsjednik, kojega direktno izabre i imenuje Sveti Otac uz pomoć državnog tajnika. Uvijek je to apostolski nuncij, s titulom nadbiskupa i diplomatskim iskustvom "na terenu".

Zadaća predsjednika je godišnje regrutirati desetak svećenika, koje je potrebno, nakon polaganja odgovarajućih ispita, uvesti u diplomatsku službu Svete Stolice; zadatak mu je prihvatiti i pratiti sve učenike, te organizirati sveukupni tečaj formacije. Predsjednik je također odgovoran za upravljanje redovničkim (tu djeluje i grupa redovnica), te laičkim osobljem u kući.

Trenutno ustanovom predsjeda apostolski nuncij Giampiero Gloder, naslovni nadbiskup Telde.

Članovi akademije
Svake godine otrilike deset novih kandidata biva pozvano u Papinsku crkvenu akademiju. Oni su svećenici koji dolaze iz različitih biskupija svijeta. Novi kandidati mogu imati najviše 33 godine.

Formacija
Učenici pohađaju dvostruku formaciju. Prije svega oni studiraju pri nekome od Papinskih crkvenih sveučilišta u Rimu, sve do postizanja stupnja doktorata. Najčešće je to studij kanonskog prava.

Također je predviđen jedan "interni" (unutarnji) formativni tečaj, koji je dozvoljen samo studentima Akademije. Taj interni formacijski tečaj traje dvije godine i završava ispitom u Državnom tajništvu, koji na koncu dodjeljuje odgovarajuću diplomu. Tečaj je usmjeren na stjecanje znanja iz područja diplomacije, a između ostaloga uključuje: povijest diplomacije, diplomatski stil i poznavanje stranih jezika (engleski i španjolski).

Povijest
Osnivatelj Papinske crkvene akademije je Pietro Garagni (potaknut idejom blaženog Sebastiana Valfrè iz Torina), koji 1701. godine osniva ustanovu pod imenom "Akademija plemenitih svećenika". Od početka akademija je bila posvećena diplomatskoj formaciji svećenika iz plemićkih obitelji. Od 1706. godine akademija je smještena u palači Severoli (Piazza della Minerva), gdje joj je i današnje sjedište. 1850. je konačno preoblikovana, te je postala posebno mjesto namijenjeno za pripravu budućih papinskih diplomatskih službenika.

Istaknuti članovi akademije

Pape
 Papa Klement XIII
 Papa Lav XII.
 Papa Lav XIII
 Papa Benedikt XV
 Papa Pavao VI.

Druge osobe
 Popis bivših članova od 1701. godine.
 Neki od Hrvata koji su bili članovi Akademije su: nadbiskup Petar Rajič, nadbiskup Nikola Eterović, nadbiskup Ante Jozić, svećenik Marinko Antolović, svećenik Slađan Ćosić, svećenik Dario Paviša, svećenik Hrvoje Škrlec, svećenik Većeslav Tumir, svećenik Mislav Hodžić, svećenik Renato Kučić i dr.

Predsjednici akademije
 Biskup Matteo Gennaro Sibilia † (1701. - 1704.)
 Nadbiskup Innocenzo Gorgoni, O.S.B. † (1763. - 1764.)
 Nadbiskup Giovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi † (1814. - 1843.)
 Biskup Giovanni Battista Rosani, Sch. P. † (1844. - 1847.)
 Biskup Giuseppe Cardoni † (1850. - 1873.)
 Biskup Venanzio Mobili † (1873. - 1875.)
 Biskup Odoardo Agnelli † (1875. - 1878.)
 Biskup Placido Maria Schiaffino, O.S.B.Oliv. † (1878. - 1884.)
 Nadbiskup Domenico Ferrata † (1884. - 1885.)
 Nadbiskup Luigi Sepiacci, O.S.A. † (1885. - 1886.)
 Nadbiskup Francesco Satolli † (1888. - 1891.)
 Nadbiskup Augusto Guidi † (1892. - 1894.)
 Nadbiskup Filippo Castracane degli Antelminelli † (1894. - 1898.)
 Nadbiskup Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta † (1899. - 1903.)
 Nadbiskup Francesco Sogaro † (1903. - 1912)
 Nadbiskup Giovanni Maria Zonghi † (1914 - 1941)
 Biskup Paolo Savino † (1941 - 1959)
 Nadbiskup Giacomo Testa † (1959 - 1962)
 Nadbiskup Gino Paro † (1962 - 1969)
 Nadbiskup Salvatore Pappalardo † (1969 - 1970)
 Nadbiskup Felice Pirozzi † (1970 - 1975)
 Nadbiskup Cesare Zacchi † (1975 - 1985)
 Nadbiskup Justin Francis Rigali (1985 - 1989)
 Nadbiskup Karl-Joseph Rauber (1990 - 1993)
 Nadbiskup Gabriel Montalvo Higuera † (1993 - 1998)
 Nadbiskup Giorgio Zur (1998 - 2000)
 Nadbiskup Justo Mullor García † (2000 - 2007)
 Nadbiskup Beniamino Stella (2007 - 2013)
 Nadbiskup Giampiero Gloder, od 21. rujna 2013.

Dopredsjednici
 Biskup Elio Sgreccia (1994. - 2005.)

Diplomati koji nisu pohađali Akademiju
Jedan manji broj diplomata koji predstavljaju Svetu Stolicu nisu pohađali ovu Papinsku crkvenu akademiju. Između ostalih to su: Michael Louis Fitzgerald, Silvano Maria Tomasi, Charles John Brown, Aldo Giordano, Paul Mounged El-Hachem, Michael August Blume, S.V.D. i Ghaleb Moussa Abdalla Bader.

Povezani sadržaj
 Apostolski nuncij
 Apostolska nuncijatura
 Diplomatski odnosi sa Svetom Stolicom
 Državno tajništvo Svete Stolice
 Papinska sveučilišta

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena internetska stranica Akademije

Diplomacija

Papinska crkvena akademija


Keiichi Zaizen (født 17. juni 1968) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller og træner.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Yokohama Marinos, Kashiwa Reysol og Consadole Sapporo.

Han har tidligere trænet Consadole Sapporo.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Keiichi Zaizen


Zmeura de Aur pentru cel mai prost cuplu pe marele ecran/cea mai proastă distribuție  (engleză: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo) este o gală organizată anual la care se acordă premiul Zmeura de Aur pentru cel mai prost cuplu dintr-un film lansat anul anterior. În continuare este prezentată lista celor care au primit acest premiu dar și cei care au fost nominalizați. În 2011 categoria a fost redenumită Worst Screen Couple / Worst Screen Ensemble (cel mai prost cuplu/cea mai proastă distribuție) pentru ca întreaga distribuție a unui film să fie inclusă. În 2012 a fost schimbată iar, fiind acordate două premii, pentru cel mai prost cuplu și pentru cea mai proastă distribuție pentru ca în 2013 să fie acordat iarăși un sinngur premiu denumit Worst Screen Combo. Categoria este definită astfel încât să poată includă orice combinație de actori, actrițe etc.

Câștigători și nominalizări
 1994 Tom Cruise și Brad Pitt - Interview with the Vampire (împărțit)
 1994 Sylvester Stallone și Sharon Stone - The Specialist (împărțit)
 Orice combinație de două persoane din întreaga distribuție - Color of Night
 Dan Aykroyd și Rosie O'Donnell - Exit to Eden
 Kevin Costner și "oricare dintre cele trei soții" (Annabeth Gish, Joanna Going ori Mare Winningham) - Wyatt Earp

 1995 Orice combinație de două persoane - Showgirls
 William Baldwin și Cindy Crawford - Fair Game
 Tim Daly și Sean Young - Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde
 Dave Foley și Julia Sweeney - It's Pat
 Demi Moore și ori Robert Duvall ori Gary Oldman - The Scarlet Letter
 1996 Demi Moore și Burt Reynolds - Striptease
 îmbunătățiri impresionante ale Pamelei Anderson  - Barb Wire
 Beavis and Butt-head - Beavis and Butt-head Do America
 Marlon Brando and "that darn dwarf" (Nelson de la Rosa) - The Island of Dr. Moreau
 Matt LeBlanc și Ed maimuța mecanică - Ed

 1997 Dennis Rodman și Jean-Claude Van Damme - Double Team
 Sandra Bullock și  Jason Patric - Speed 2: Cruise Control
 George Clooney și Chris O'Donnell - Batman & Robin
 Steven Seagal și  chitara sa - Fire Down Below
 Jon Voight și  anaconda animatronică - Anaconda

 1998 Leonardo DiCaprio și Leonardo DiCaprio (ca gemeni) - The Man in the Iron Mask
 Ben Affleck și Liv Tyler - Armageddon
 Orice combinație de două personaje, părți ale corpului sau accesorii de modă - Spice World
Orice combinație a doi oameni care își joacă propriul rol - An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn
 Ralph Fiennes și Uma Thurman - The Avengers

 1999 Kevin Kline și Will Smith - Wild Wild West
 Pierce Brosnan și Denise Richards - The World Is Not Enough
 Sean Connery și Catherine Zeta-Jones - Entrapment
 Jake Lloyd și  Natalie Portman - Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
 Lili Taylor și Catherine Zeta-Jones - The Haunting

 2000 John Travolta și orice persoană care împarte ecranul cu el - Battlefield Earth
 Oricare doi actori - Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2
 Richard Gere și Winona Ryder - Autumn in New York
 Madonna și ori Benjamin Bratt ori Rupert Everett - The Next Best Thing
 Arnold Schwarzenegger (ca realul Adam Gibson) și Arnold Schwarzenegger (ca așa-zisa clonă a lui Adam Gibson) - The 6th Day

 2001 Tom Green și orice animal pe care el l-a abuzat - Freddy Got Fingered
 Ben Affleck și ori Kate Beckinsale ori Josh Hartnett - Pearl Harbor
 bustul lui Mariah Carey - Glitter
 Burt Reynolds și Sylvester Stallone - Driven
 Kurt Russell și ori Kevin Costner ori Courteney Cox - 3000 Miles to Graceland

 2002 Adriano Giannini și Madonna - Swept Away
 Roberto Benigni și Nicoletta Braschi - Pinocchio
 Hayden Christensen și Natalie Portman - Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
 Eddie Murphy și ori Robert De Niro în Showtime, Owen Wilson în I Spy ori clona sa în The Adventures of Pluto Nash
 Britney Spears și "indiferent care era numele său" (Anson Mount) în Crossroads

 2003 Ben Affleck și Jennifer Lopez - Gigli
 Kelly Clarkson și Justin Guarini - From Justin to Kelly
 Ashton Kutcher și ori Brittany Murphy în Just Married ori Tara Reid în My Boss's Daughter
 Mike Myers și ori Thing One ori Thing Two - The Cat in the Hat
 Eric Christian Olsen și Derek Richardson - Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd

 2004 George W. Bush și ori Condoleezza Rice ori capra sa - Fahrenheit 9/11
 Ben Affleck și ori Jennifer Lopez ori Liv Tyler - Jersey Girl
 Halle Berry și orir Benjamin Bratt ori Sharon Stone - Catwoman
 Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen - New York Minute
 Shawn și Marlon Wayans  - White Chicks

 2005 Will Ferrell și Nicole Kidman - Bewitched
 Jamie Kennedy and anybody stuck sharing the screen with him - Son of the Mask
 Jenny McCarthy and anyone dumb enough to befriend or date her - Dirty Love
 Rob Schneider and his diapers - Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo
 Jessica Simpson and her Daisy Dukes - The Dukes of Hazzard

 2006 Shawn Wayans and either Kerry Washington or Marlon Wayans - Little Man
 Tim Allen and Martin Short - The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause
 Nicolas Cage and his bear suit - The Wicker Man
 Hilary and Haylie Duff - Material Girls
 Sharon Stone's lopsided breasts - Basic Instinct 2

 2007 Lindsay Lohan and Lindsay Lohan (as the yang to her own yin) - I Know Who Killed Me
 Jessica Alba and either Hayden Christensen in Awake, Dane Cook in Good Luck Chuck or Ioan Gruffudd in Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
 Any combination of two totally air-headed characters - Bratz: The Movie
 Eddie Murphy (Norbit) and either Eddie Murphy (Mr. Wong) or Eddie Murphy (Rasputia) - Norbit
 Adam Sandler and either Kevin James or Jessica Biel - I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry

 2008 Paris Hilton and either Christine Lakin or Joel David Moore - The Hottie and the Nottie
 Uwe Boll and "any actor, camera or screenplay"
 Cameron Diaz and Ashton Kutcher - What Happens in Vegas
 Larry the Cable Guy and Jenny McCarthy - Witless Protection
 Eddie Murphy in Eddie Murphy - Meet Dave

 2009 Sandra Bullock and Bradley Cooper - All About Steve
 Any two (or more) Jonas Brothers - Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience
 Will Ferrell and any co-star, creature or "comic riff" - Land of the Lost
 Shia LaBeouf and either Megan Fox or any Transformer - Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
 Kristen Stewart and either Taylor Lautner or Robert Pattinson - The Twilight Saga: New Moon

 2010 - The entire cast of Sex and the City 2
 Jennifer Aniston and Gerard Butler - The Bounty Hunter
 Josh Brolin's face and Megan Fox's accent - Jonah Hex
The entire cast of The Last Airbender
The entire cast of The Twilight Saga: Eclipse

2011 - Adam Sandler and either Katie Holmes, Al Pacino or Adam Sandler - Jack and Jill
 Nicolas Cage and anyone sharing the screen with him - Drive Angry,  Season of the Witch,  Trespass
 Shia LaBeouf and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley - Transformers: Dark of the Moon
 Adam Sandler and either Jennifer Aniston or Brooklyn Decker - Just Go with It
 Kristen Stewart and either Taylor Lautner or Robert Pattinson - The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1

 2012 - Mackenzie Foy and Taylor Lautner - The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2
Any two cast members from Jersey Shore - The Three Stooges
 Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart - The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2
 Tyler Perry and his drag get-up - Madea's Witness Protection
 Adam Sandler and either Leighton Meester, Andy Samberg or Susan Sarandon - That's My Boy

 2011 - The entire cast of Jack and Jill
The entire cast of Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star
The entire cast of New Year's Eve
The entire cast of Transformers: Dark of the Moon
The entire cast of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1

 2012 - The entire cast of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2
The entire cast of Battleship
The entire cast of Madea's Witness Protection
The entire cast of The Oogieloves in the Big Balloon Adventure
The entire cast of That's My Boy

 2013 Jaden Smith and Will Smith on planet nepotism - After Earth
The entire cast of Grown Ups 2
The entire cast of Movie 43
 Lindsay Lohan and Charlie Sheen - Scary Movie 5
 Tyler Perry and either Larry the Cable Guy or that worn out wig and dress - A Madea Christmas
 2014 Kirk Cameron and his ego - Saving Christmas
Any two robots, actors or robotic actors - Transformers: Age of Extinction
 Cameron Diaz and Jason Segel - Sex Tape
 Kellan Lutz and either his abs, his pecs, or his glutes - The Legend of Hercules
 Seth MacFarlane and Charlize Theron - A Million Ways to Die in the West

 2015 Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson - Fifty Shades of Grey
 All four "Fantastics" - Fantastic Four
 Johnny Depp and his glued-on mustache - Mortdecai
 Kevin James and either his Segway or his glued-on mustache - Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2
 Adam Sandler and any pair of his shoes - The Cobbler

Referințe și note

Legături externe

Premiile Zmeura de Aur

Zmeura de Aur pentru cea mai proastă distribuție


Nicholas "Nick" Andries (* 19. November 1990) ist ein US-amerikanischer Automobilrennfahrer.

Karriere
Andries begann seine Motorsportkarriere 2003 im Kartsport, in dem er bis 2008 aktiv blieb. Unter anderem gewann er 2007 die TAG-WKA Florida Championship Series. 2010 wechselte Andries in den Formelsport. Er startete in der Skip Barber National Championship und gewann ein Rennen. Am Saisonende lag er auf dem sechsten Platz in der Meisterschaft. Darüber hinaus stieg er zur Saisonmitte für Andersen Racing in die Star Mazda Series ein. Mit einem sechsten Platz als beste Platzierung schloss er die Saison auf dem 15. Rang ab. 2011 wechselte Andries innerhalb der Star Mazda Series zum Team Pelfrey. Mit vier zweiten und drei dritten Plätzen stand er siebenmal auf dem Podium und war damit der Fahrer mit den meisten Podest-Platzierungen. Am Saisonende lag er auf dem dritten Rang. Mit 385 zu 401 Punkten unterlag er seinem Teamkollegen Connor De Phillippi, der Vizemeister wurde.

2012 nahm Andries an einem Rennen der Indy Lights für Bryan Herta Autosport teil. Weitere Renneinsätze absolvierte er in dieser Saison nicht.

Karrierestationen
 2003–2008: Kartsport
 2010: Skip Barber National Championship (Platz 6)
 2010: Star Mazda Series (Platz 15)
 2011: Star Mazda Series (Platz 3)
 2012: Indy Lights (Platz 26)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website von Nick Andries (englisch)
 Karrierestatistik von Nick Andries (englisch)

Rennfahrer (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1990
Mann

Nick Andries


El Parque provincial de la Playa Parlee (en inglés: Parlee Beach Provincial Park; francés: Parc provincial de la Plage-Parlee) es un parque provincial de Canadá ubicado en Pointe-du-Chêne, en la provincia de Nuevo Brunswick.

Es propiedad del Gobierno de Nuevo Brunswick y es operado por el Departamento de Turismo y Parques. El Parque Provincial de la playa Parlee incluye la Playa Parlee, posiblemente la playa más popular en Nuevo Brunswick, así como un campamento, que es usado como área de pícnic, y tiene restaurantes, cantinas, un anfiteatro, vestidores, duchas, baños, parque infantil y estacionamiento para más de 10.000 vehículos. El parque está abierto desde las 8 a. m. hasta las 10 p. m. durante los meses de verano.

La playa fue construida en 1916, y es el resultado de un proyecto del gobierno provincial. La playa fue nombrada así en 1959 en honor de T. Babbitt Parlee (1914-1957), diputado y Ministro de Asuntos Municipales de Nuevo Brunswick, que murió en un accidente de avión.

Véase también
Geografía de Canadá
Geografía de América del Norte

Referencias

Playas de Canadá
Parques de Canadá
Geografía de Nuevo Brunswick

Parque provincial de la Playa Parlee


An Rhaesteria eggelingii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Victor Samuel Summerhayes. An Rhaesteria eggelingii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhaesteria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhaesteria

Rhaesteria eggelingii


An Hydrilla verticillata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné d.y., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni John Forbes Royle. An Hydrilla verticillata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hydrilla, ngan familia nga Hydrocharitaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Hydrilla

Hydrilla verticillata


Rectusskeden er dannet af aponeuroser af den tværgående bugmuskel og de skrå ydre og indre bugmuskler. Den indeholder rectus abdominis- og pyramidalismusklerne

Den kan deles op i anteriore og posteriore laminae (tynde plader).

Referencer

Muskelsystemet

Rectusskede


An Dendrobium ellipsophyllum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tang ngan Fa Tsuan Wang. An Dendrobium ellipsophyllum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dendrobium

Dendrobium ellipsophyllum


Long Prairie Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Long Prairie Township (Minnesota)
 Long Prairie Township (Missouri)

Long Prairie Township


Goeppertia singularis é uma espécie de  planta do gênero Goeppertia e da família Marantaceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 2012 por Stella Suárez e Finn Borchsenius.
O seguinte sinônimo já foi catalogado:
 Calathea singularis  H.Kenn.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie terrícola e herbácea.

Descrição
Ervas de 0,2-0,4 metro de altura. Lâmina foliar não ornamentada, verde. Brácteas verdes, cálice e corola alvos ou amarelos.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é endêmica do Brasil e encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Bahia e Espírito Santo.
A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de .

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Saka, M.N. 2020. Goeppertia  in Flora do Brasil 2020.

Ligações externas
 Goeppertia singularis no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Goeppertia
Plantas descritas em 2012
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Goeppertia singularis


Saint-Fargeau () is a station of the Paris Métro, serving Line 3bis. The station owes its name to its location under Place Saint-Fargeau, which was named after the politician Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau (1760-1793) who had participated in the French Revolution and was assassinated in 1793, allegedly for voting for the execution of Louis XVI.

History
The station opened on 27 November 1921 when line 3 was extended from Gambetta to Porte des Lilas. On 27 March 1971, it was transferred to line 3bis on its establishment when line 3 was extended from Gambetta to Gallieni. As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station was renovated and modernised on 12 November 2003.

In 2019, the station was used by 716,699 passengers, making it the 294th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 339,164 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 294h busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Passenger services

Access
The station has a single entrance at Place Saint-Fargeau with an original surface building designed by Charles Plumet, like the two adjacent stations Pelleport and Porte des Lilas.

Station layout

Platforms
The station has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms. Due to its significant depth, 2 lifts are provided along with stairs to its entrance.

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 61, 64, and 96 of the RATP bus network.

Gallery

References

Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Paris Métro line 3bis
Paris Métro stations in the 20th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1921
Articles containing video clips
Art Deco architecture in France

Saint-Fargeau station


Mændenes 4×400 meter stafetløb ved sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro fandt sted på Estádio Olímpico João Havelange i perioden 19.–20. august 2016.

Referencer

4×400 meter stafetløb (herrer)

Atletik under sommer-OL 2016 - 4×400 meter stafetløb (herrer)


El VII Censo Nacional de Población de Chile, fue realizado en el 28 de noviembre de 1895. La confección de este censo se apartó de los anteriores, tanto en el orden de colocación de las provincias, como en las clasificaciones en que se distribuyen los datos que se escrutan de los padrones, incluyéndose la categoría de "divorciado" en el estado civil.

El interés de parte de las autoridades civiles se enfocó, como en otras ocasiones, en el nombramiento de los comisionados locales del censo y la difusión de la importancia de su realización para la población, buscando que el compromiso activo se reflejara en los resultados. Se utilizó cada espacio público para difundir la tarea y explicar los objetivos del levantamiento. Se dispuso por decreto de dos días festivos, previos a la fecha de realización, para que la información sobre el censo llegara a cada rincón del país. El bando respectivo podía hallarse en cada plaza, parroquia y punto de reunión del territorio nacional. Volverse a los medios locales de la época, nuevamente, contribuye a apreciar cómo se abordó la difusión en provincias.

Resultados generales

Resultados por provincia

Ciudades más pobladas

Fuente
Censo de 1895 - INE

1895
Chile en 1895
Censos en 1895

Censo chileno de 1895


Asediul orașului Lille  ori  Punga Lille  a fost o bătălia din timpul celei de-a doua conflagrații mondiale. Bătălia a durat de pe 28-31 mai 1940 în regiunea orașului Lille și a fost parte a Bătăliei Fraței. La lupte au participat aproximativ 40.000 de soldați ai Corpurilor al 4-lea și al 5-lea de armată din cadrul Armatei I franceze comandată de generalul René Prioux. În timpul luptelor, Corpul al 3-lea de armată și Corpul Expediționar Britanic au reușit să se retragă spre cursul râului Lys.

Împotriva forțelor aliate au luptat șapte divizii germane, dintre care trei erau de blindate. Obiectivul lor principal era distrugerea completă a inamicului care încerca să se evacueze prin portul Dunkerque. Rezistența apărătorilor orașului Lille le-a permis trupelor aliate să se retragă cu succes în zona regiunea portului.

Preludiul
În noaptea de  diviziile Corpului Expediționar Britanic de lângă Lille au reușit să se retragă peste râul Lys. Dintre forțele franceze, doar Corpul al III-lea al Armatei I franceze (comandat de generalul René Prioux) a reușit să scape din încercuire. Restul unităților franceze erau începuseră retragerea de pe poziții aflate mult mai la sud și se aflau încă în zona Lille când, forțele germane care înaintau dinspre vest și est au făcut joncțiunea la porțile orașului.{{efn|Unitățile franceze implicate în lupte au fost: Divizia a 15-a de infanterie, Divizia I de infanterie motorizată, Divizia a 2-a de infanterie nord-africană, Divizia I de infanterie marocană. Unitățile germane care au participat la asediu au fost Divizia a 4-a Panzer, Divizia a 5-a Panzer, Divizia a 7-a Panzer, Divizia a 7-a de infanerie, Divizia a 253-a de infanterie, Divizia a 217-a de infanterie și Divizia a 267-a de infanterie. Acestea au reușit să încercuiască majoritatea unităților Armatei I franceze la Lille.

Asediul

Corpul al 4-lea de armată (comandat de generalul de corp de armată Aymes) și Corpul al 5-lea de armată (comandată de generalul René Altmeyer) au executat la  pe 28 mai un atac pentru spargerea încercuirii în partea de vest a orașului, într-o încercare de retragere spre Lys. Divizia a 2-a nord-africană (2e Division d'infanterie nord-africaine, general-maior Pierre Dame) a încercat să traverseze podul peste râul Deûle ca să ajungă la Sequedin (la sud de Lomme). Divizia a 5-a nord-africană (5e Division d'infanterie nord-africaine, general-maior Augustin Agliany) a încercat să traverseze podul Moulin Rougede pe drumul Santes, la dus de Haubourdin. Aceste atacuri au fost respinse.

Francezii au mai făcut o încercare în dimineața zilei de 29 mai. Germanii au minat podul, dar două tancuri și două companii de infanterie franceză au reușit să ajungă pe malul celălalt, dar au fost în cele din urmă respinse. În următoarele patru zile, francezii, în principal trupele nord-africane (cei mai mulți dintre ei pieds-noirs) au continuat să încerce să spargă încercuirea. Generalul Molinié și colonelul Aizier au negociat capitularea la mijlocul nopții de . Sâmbătă 1 iunie, trupele franceze și câteva subunități britanice au capitulat. Arpoximativ 35.000 de soldați aliați au fost luați prizonieri de către germani.

Pe de altă parte, apărătorii orașului Lille au reușit să întârzie înaintarea germanilor, astfel încât grosul Corpului Expediționar Britanic și restul Armatei I franceze să reușească să se retragă în zona orașului-port Dunkerque.

Urmări

Winston Churchill avea să descrie în cartea sa The Second World War din 1949 defensiva de Lille ca o "splendidă contribuție" care a întârziat înaintarea germană cu patru zile și a permis evacuarea Corpului Expediționar Britanc prin Operațiunea Dynamo.
William L. Shirer a scris în 1969 că apărarea eroică de la Lille "a ajutat forțele asediate anglo-franceze din jurul portului să reziste încă două sau trei zile și să salveze astfel cel puțin 100.000 de trupe"..

Note

Bibliografie

Bibliografie suplimentară

Bătăliile Franței
Bătăliile Regatului Unit
Bătăliile Germaniei
Al Doilea Război Mondial – Frontul european de vest
Al Doilea Război Mondial – Teatrul de război european

Asediul orașului Lille (1940)