An Carex helferi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johann Otto Boeckeler. An Carex helferi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex helferi


راس نحاش هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء البترون في محافظة الشمال.

سكانها
اهالي راسنحاش يقدّر ب 2500 نسمة جميعهم من المسلمين

آثارها
تعتبر مكان تاريخي عظيم بسبب قلاعها القديمة وعمرها الذي يعود إلى أكثر من 2000 سنة.

النشاط البلدي
أعيد انتخاب مجلس بلدي جديد للبلدة في الانتخابات الأخيرة 2010 وقد تم انتخاب السيد إيهاب حمد قلاوون رئيساً مع العلم بأن البلدة تتمتع بمستوى راقي من العمل السياسي الواعي والهادف مع ما يعترض ذلك من الخلل المبرر نظراً لواقع البلد الذي نعيش فيه.
لرأسنحاش مختار واحد وهو حاليا السيد وليد عزت حمود.

الموقع الالتروني
 موقع راس نحاش

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
تجمعات سنية في لبنان
قرى لبنان
قضاء البترون

راس نحاش


Le suc de Taupernas est un suc situé dans le Massif central. Il s'élève à  d'altitude au sein des monts du Vivarais.

Géographie
Environné par la forêt domaniale de Bonnefoy, il se trouve dans la commune du Béage.

Notes et références

Taupernas
Taupernas
Taupernas

Suc de Taupernas


Ljudevit Ćurčija (Dubrovnik, 8. prosinca 1818. – na moru, 15. srpnja 1881.) bio je hrvatski katolički biskup i kulturni djelatnik.

Godine 1853. imenovan je biskupom u Lješu u Albaniji, a od 1859. bio je biskup u Skadru. Od 1866. naslovni je nadbiskup Irenopolisa. Sudjelovao je na I. vatikanskom saboru.

Na otvaranju, 17. studenoga 1869., blagoslovio je Sueski kanal.

Izvori

Hrvatski biskupi
Hrvatski franjevci
Životopisi, Dubrovnik

Ljudevit Ćurčija


La voïvodie de Kalisz (en polonais : Województwo Kaliskie, en latin : Palatinatus Calisiensis) était une unité administrative de la Pologne qui exista de 1314 au deuxième parage de la Pologne en 1793. Elle faisait partie de la province de Grande-Pologne. Sa capitale était située à Kalisz, et avec la voïvodie voisine de Poznań, Kalisz élisait le staroste général de Grande Pologne. Les diétines des deux voïvodies se tiennent à Środa Wielkopolska, tandis que la diétine générale pour toute la province de la Grande Pologne se tient à Koło, à l'abbaye des Bernardins.

Description
Le territoire de la voïvodie est resté inchangé de 1314 à 1768, lorsque la voïvodie de Gniezno a été créée à partir de ses trois powiats les plus septentrionaux. Les starostes locaux résidaient à Kalisz, Gniezno, Konin, Kcynia, Naklo, Pyzdry et Złotów. La voïvodie de Kalisz comptait huit sénateurs. Ceux-ci étaient : l'archevêque de Gniezno, le voïvode de Kalisz (qui résidait au château royal de Kalisz), le châtelain de Kalisz, le châtelain de Gniezno, et les châtelains de Ląd, Nakło nad Notecią, Biechowo et Kamieńsk.

Zygmunt Gloger, dans sa monumentale Géographie historique des terres de l'ancienne Pologne, donne une description détaillée de la voïvodie de Kalisz :

La voïvodie de Kalisz a constitué la moitié orientale de la Grande Pologne proprement dite (...) Dans le testament de Boleslas III Bouche-Torse, le Pays de Kalisz, dans le cadre de la Grande Pologne, a été accordé au duc Mieszko III l'Ancien. Ses deux petits-fils, Przemysł Ier de Grande-Pologne et Bolesław le Pieux, se partagèrent la Grande-Pologne en 1247. Przemyslaw, le frère aîné, contrôlait Gniezno et Poznań, tandis que Boleslaw dirigeait Kalisz (...) À la fin du , le duché de Kalisz a été saisi par Wladyslaw Lokietek, revenant à la couronne du royaume de Pologne en tant que voïvodie de Kalisz nouvellement établie. Sa superficie totale était de 300 miles carrés, et le plus grand comté était celui de Kalisz (...) Au milieu du , la voïvodie de Kalisz comptait 411 paroisses catholiques romaines, 88 villes et 1 869 villages. (...)

La voïvodie de Kalisz, ainsi que la voïvodie de Poznań, avaient leurs sejmiks (diétines) à Środa Wielkopolska, où chaque province élisait six députés au Sejm et deux députés au Tribunal de la Grande Pologne à Piotrków Trybunalski (...) Le tribunal foncier était situé à Kalisz, ainsi que le tribunal municipal pour les comtés de Kalisz, Kamieńsk et Pyzdry (...) La voïvodie comptait huit sénateurs, tandis que des starosties locales étaient situées dans plusieurs villes, telles que Kalisz, Gniezno, Pyzdry, Konin, Kcynia, Ujście, Powidz, Odolanów, Kłecko, Pobiedziska et Kolo (...) Parmi les villes historiques de la voïvodie figuraient Kalisz, Gniezno, Lad, Wągrowiec, Mogilno et Trzemeszno.

Division administrative (jusqu'en 1768) :

 Comté de Kalisz (Powiat Kaliski), Kalisz
 Comté de Konin (Powiat Koniński), Konin
 Comté de Pyzdry (Powiat Pyzdrski), Pyzdry
 Comitat de Gniezno (Powiat Gnieżnieński), Gniezno
 Comté de Kcynia (Powiat Kcyński), Kcynia
 Comté de Nakło (Powiat Nakielski), Nakło

En 1768, les comtés de Gniezno, Kcynia et Nakło ont été transférés à la nouvelle voïvodie de Gniezno. En conséquence de quoi, la voïvodie de Kalisz se composait des trois comtés suivants :

 Comté de Kalisz (Powiat Kaliski), Kalisz
 Comté de Konin (Powiat Koniński), Konin
 Comté de Pyzdry (Powiat Pyzdrski), Pyzdry

Références

Notes et références
 Voïvodie de Kalisz, description par Zygmunt Gloger

Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz

Voïvodie de Kalisz (1314-1793)


Willie Long (Fort Wayne, Indiana, ) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que jugó tres temporadas en la ABA. Con 2,03 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de alero.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante cuatro temporadas con los Lobos de la Universidad de Nuevo México, en las que promedió 19,8 puntos y 10,3 rebotes por partido. Anotó 1542 puntos, que fue récord de su universidad durante 17 años. En sus dos últimas temporadas fue incluido en el mejor quinteto de la Western Athletic Conference.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la trigésimo quinta posición del Draft de la NBA de 1971 por Cleveland Cavaliers, y también por The Floridians en la segunda ronda del Draft de la ABA, eligiendo esta última opción. Jugó una temporada, en la que promedió 11,7 puntos y 6,8 rebotes por partido.

Al año siguiente la franquicia quebró, produciéndose un draft de dispersión, siendo elegido por los Denver Rockets. En su primera temporada a las órdenes de Alex Hannum promedió 9,0 puntos y 5,2 rebotes por partido, mejorando en la segunda, que a la postre sería la última de su carrera, en la que promedió 12,6 puntos y 5,7 rebotes.

Tras retirarse, acabó convirtiéndose en ejecutivo de la firma de restauración Taco Bell.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la ABA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de Long en NBA.com

Nacidos en Fort Wayne
Baloncestistas de Indiana
Baloncestistas de la ABA
Baloncestistas de los New Mexico Lobos
Baloncestistas de los The Floridians
Baloncestistas de los Denver Rockets

Willie Long


Annual Review of Genetics, abgekürzt Annu. Rev. Genet., ist eine jährlich erscheinende Fachzeitschrift, die Übersichtsartikel veröffentlicht. Die Erstausgabe erschien im Dezember 1967. Die Zeitschrift veröffentlicht Artikel aus den verschiedenen Gebieten der Genetik, inklusive biochemische Genetik, Entwicklungs-, Verhaltens- und Zellgenetik. Weitere Gebiete sind Evolutions- und Populationsgenetik sowie Chromosomenstruktur, Genfunktion, Mutation und Reparatur.

Der Impact Factor des Journals lag im Jahr 2013 bei 18,115. Nach der Statistik des ISI Web of Knowledge wird das Journal mit diesem Impact Factor in der Kategorie Genetik und Vererbung an dritter Stelle von 165 Zeitschriften geführt.

Herausgeber ist Bonnie L. Bassler (Princeton University, Princeton, USA).

Weblinks
 Artikelindex der aktuellen Ausgabe

Einzelnachweise

Medizinische Fachzeitschrift (Vereinigte Staaten)
Zeitschrift (Genetik)
Englischsprachige Jahreszeitschrift
Ersterscheinung 1967

Annual Review of Genetics


Julia Domenica (* 19. Februar 1981 in Ostfildern) ist eine deutsche Schauspielerin.

Biografie
Julia Domenica spielte bereits in ihrer Schulzeit in einer freien Theatergruppe. Nach einem abgeschlossenen Chemiestudium an der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn mit Schwerpunkt Biochemie wandte sie sich ganz der Schauspielerei zu. Sie absolvierte ihr Schauspielstudium von 2006 bis 2008 an der privaten Film- und Schauspielschule "München Filmakademie" (MFA) und besuchte verschiedene Workshops.

2006 wurde Julia Domenica in Film und Fernsehen aktiv, unter anderem in den Fernsehserien Der letzte Bulle, Kommissar Stolberg, SOKO Köln und Pastewka. 2007 gab sie ihr Filmdebüt als Fan der Hauptfigur Finn in Wim Wenders' Palermo Shooting, gefolgt von kleineren Auftritten in André Erkaus Selbstgespräche und Christoph Hochhäuslers Unter dir die Stadt.

2012 spielte sie in der englischen Kino-Produktion The Dossier die Nebenrolle der Jennell T. Steiner, eine aristokratische, englische Lady, die in eine Verschwörung verwickelt ist. In dem 2018 erschienenen Kinofilm Lisa und der Maler spielte Domenica ihre erste Hauptrolle.

Filmografie
 2007: Kommissar Stolberg (Fernsehserie)
 2007: Selbstgespräche
 2008: Lutter: Toter Bruder
 2008: Palermo Shooting
 2009: Pastewka (Staffel 4, Episode 3: Das Experiment)
 2010: Unter dir die Stadt
 2010: Der letzte Bulle (Fernsehserie)
 2010: MEK8 (Staffel 1, Episode 9: Das Recht der Schwächeren)
 2011: SOKO Köln (Fernsehserie, Folge Die falsche Frau)
 2015: The Dossier
 2018: Lisa und der Maler

Weblinks

 Julia Domenica bei Castforward
 Offizielle Internetpräsenz

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher
Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Geboren 1981
Frau

Julia Domenica


قمع التنقيط هو إحدى أدوات المختبرات الكيميائية الزجاجية، يستخدم لإضافة كميات محدودة من المواد الكيميائية السائلة وبشكل بطيء إلى مزيج التفاعل على شكل قطرات. يتم التحكم بكمية المواد المضافة من خلال صنبور زجاجي مدمج مع جسم القمع.

يمكن أن يضاف لقمع التنقيط وصلة زجاجية (صنفرة) تمكن من إجراء عملية التنقيط بشكل مباشر على دورق آخر، خاصة إذا كانت عملية الإضافة تتم بوجود جو من غاز خامل. إذا كان الدورق المستقبل محكم الإغلاق فإن تدفق السائل المضاف سيتوقف بعد فترة نتيجة الضغط المتشكل، لذلك يزود قمع التنقيط على جانبه بوصلة زجاجية رفيعة لتحرير الضغط (تنفيس).

يستخدم في نقل السوائل. فهو مزود بمحبس أو صنبور زجاجي والذي يتيح التحكم في عملية التدفق. وتعتبر أقماع التنقيط مفيدة لإضافة الكواشف ببطء، أي نقطة بنقطة. وهذا قد يكون مستحب إذا ما كانت الإضافة السريعة للمادة الكيميائية من شأنها أن تؤدي إلى تفاعلات جانبية، أو إذا كان التفاعل نشط جداً.

عادة ما يتم تركيب أو إضافة وصلة زجاجية قاعدية والتي تسمح بإجراء عملية التنقيط بشكل مباشر على، مثلاً، دورق مستدير القاع. وهذا يعني أيضاً أنه يحتاج ألا يكون محكم الإغلاق بشكل منفصل.

أقماع التنقيط المعادلة للضغط تكون مزودة بأنبوبة زجاجية ضيقة إضافية تخرج من انتفاخ القمع وتصل إلى الوصلة الزجاجية القاعدية الموجودة حول العنق. حيث أنه بدون وجود سائل لمعادلة الضغط ما بين الدورق المسقبل المغلق بإحكام وانتفاخ القمع، فإن تدفق السائل المضاف سيتوقف سريعاً.

انظر أيضاً

 أقماع الفصل تكون مشابهة في الشكل والتصميم ويمكن أن يتم استخدامها كأقماع التنقيط. ولكنها لا تمتلك الوصلة الزجاجية القاعدية عند العنق.

مراجع

معدات مخبرية زجاجية

قمع تنقيط


Aasbüttel Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 4,53 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Mart 2010 itibarıyla 102 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Rolf Zirow tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-schenefeld.de

Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Aasbüttel


Blommersia é um género de anfíbios da família Mantellidae. É endémico de Madagáscar.

Espécies
 Blommersia angolafa Andreone, Rosa, Noël, Crottini, Vences, and Raxworthy, 2010
 Blommersia blommersae (Guibé, 1975)
 Blommersia dejongi Vences, Köhler, Pabijan, and Glaw, 2010
 Blommersia domerguei (Guibé, 1973)
 Blommersia galani Vences, Köhler, Pabijan, and Glaw, 2010
 Blommersia grandisonae (Guibé, 1973)
 Blommersia kely (Glaw and Vences, 1994)
 Blommersia nataliae Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Fernández, and Santos-Santos, 2020, ZooKeys, 994:
 Blommersia sarotra (Glaw and Vences, 2002)
 Blommersia transmarina Glaw, Hawlitschek, Glaw, and Vences, 2019
 Blommersia variabilis Pabijan, Gehring, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2011
 Blommersia wittei (Guibé, 1973)

Referências

Mantellidae
Gêneros de anfíbios

Blommersia


التآثر القوي  أو القوة النووية الشديدة، أو القوة اللونية. ويرجع سبب تسميتها بالقوة الشديدة إلى أنها أقوى القوى الأساسية الأربعة، فهي أقوى من قوة التأثير الكهرومغناطيسي 137 مرة، وأقوى من تأثير النووية الضعيفة 106 مرة، وأقوى من تأثير قوة الجاذبية حوالي 1039 مرة. وتأثيرها في مدى قصير جدا جدا نحو 10−15 متر (1 فيمتو متر).

الغلوونات  هي جسيمات تآثر تنقل التآثر القوي . يوجد منها 8 أنواع تعمل بين الكواركات؛ الكواركات هي الجسيمات البنائية للجسيمات الأكبر، مثل الهادرونات، والباريونات التي من ضمنها البروتونات والنيوترونات، والميزونات) كل هذه الجسيمت الأولية الكبيرة تلصقها الغلوونات. كما أن يمكن أن تتآثر (تتفاعل) مع بعضها البعض بحيث يمكنها تكوين جسيمات أخرى؛ جسيمات أخرى مكونة من غلوونات فقط، وهده الجسيمات تسمى «غلووبول»  أي كرة غلوونات أو كرات غلوونات .

الوظيفة
وفقا للنظريات الحالية في فيزياء الجسيمات فإن القوة النووية الشديدة هي القوة المسؤولة عن ربط الكواركات بواسطة الغلوونات معا لتكوين الهادرونات أما الباريونات تنتمي إلى الفرميونات مثل (البروتون والنيوترون والبيون، وذلك بربط ثلاث كواركات معا)، أو بربط كوارك وكوارك مضاد لتكوين الميزونات تنتمي الي البوزونات، وتعد النووية الشديدة إحدى القوى الأساسية الأربع المعروفة في الكون، وهي:  التآثر القوي ، والجاذبية (الثقالة)، والقوة النووية الضعيفة والقوة الكهرومغناطيسية.

الجسيم الحامل
الجسيم الحامل لهذه القوة هو الغلوون (جسيم معناه «لاصق»)، وهو جسيم أولي عديم الكتلة ينتمي إلى البوزونات -وهي جسيمات تنقل القوة وتشكل البروتونات والنيوترونات «بلصق» كواركات بعضها ببعض (الكواركات هي الجسيمات الأصغر من البروتون وهي بذلك مشتركة أساسا في تكون المادة في الكون -البروتونات والنيوترونات- تسمى فرميونات. الـتأثر القوي (الغلوون) يربط أيضا الكواركات المضادة بعضها البعض، ويكون منها جسيمات أخرى (مثل مضاد البروتون ومضاد النيوترون وكذلك بالنسبة لتكوينه الميزونات وغيرها).

سلوك التآثر القوي
أما السلوك فعلى عكس الثلاث قوى الأساسية الأخرى، فإن التآثر القوي نحو 10−15 متر أي في حيز البروتون أو النيوترون، مقدارها يظل ثابتاً حوالي 10.000 نيوتن، مما يعني أن فصل جسيمين مرتبطين بتأثير التآثر القوي يتطلب مقداراً عظيما جدا من الطاقة. وما يدعم هذا الأمر حتى الآن أنه لم يتم رصد كوارك مفرد غير مرتبط بآخر. عندما تتزايد المسافة بين الكواركات فإن الطاقة المضافة تنتج كواركا وكواركا مضادا مناسبين بين الكواركين المقصود فصلهما؛ ولهذا فليس من الممكن فصل كواركين عن بعضهما. وتفسير ذلك أن كمية الشغل الذي يعمل ضد 10.000 نيوتن كافية لإنتاج زوج جسيم-مضاد الجسيم عبر مسافة صغيرة جدا جدا للتأثر القوي. في الميكانيكا اللونية الكمومية QCD تسمى تلك الظاهرة «الحجز اللوني»، ونتيجته أننا نستطيع رصد البروتونات والهادرونات عموما، أما كواركا منفردا فلا نستطيع رصده. ولم تنجح أي من التجارب التي أجريت حتى الآن في الحصول على كوارك حر، مما يعزز تلك الظاهرة.

القوة الشديدة المتبقية

يجب عدم الخلط بين القوة الشديدة والقوة النووية التي تدعى أحيانا بالقوة الشديدة المتبقية (والتي هي مسؤولة عن الربط بين مكونات النواة -بروتونات ونيترونات- عن طريق تبادل الميزونات)، حيث أن القوة النووية (القوة الشديدة المتبقية) تنتج بتأثير غير مباشر من القوة الشديدة ولكنها تختلف عنها في الصفات، فهي على سبيل المثال تضعف بشدة مع زيادة المسافة، وهذا هو سبب عدم استقرار الأنوية الضخمة ذات عدد نووي (كتلي) أكبر من 82 وذلك لأنها تضعف بزيادة المسافة أسرع مما تفعل القوة الكهرومغناطيسية التي تسبب التنافر بين البروتونات لتماثل شحنتها الكهربية.

انظر أيضًا
 كوارك
 غلوون
 قوى أساسية
 قوة نووية ضعيفة
 تآثر كهرومغناطيسي
 قوة الجاذبية
 النواة رباعية النيوترونات

المراجع

ديناميكا لونية كمية
فيزياء الجسيمات
فيزياء نووية
مفاهيم فيزيائية

تآثر قوي


24984 Usui este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
24984 Usui este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa în cadrul programului LONEOS. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,26 ua, o excentricitate de 0,25 și o înclinație de 10,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 24001-25000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

24984 Usui


Huma Kuşu ve Taşlamalar, Ruhi Su albümü.

Şarkılar
 Çıktım Baktım Hamurlu'nun Dağına
 Ey Aşk Eri
 Bindim Atın Birine
 El Vurup Yaremi İncitme Tabip
 Eğer Benim İle Gitmek Dilersen
 Dursunlu'nun Hanları
 Ben De Vardım Seyrangaha
 Derdimi Dökersem Derin Dereye
 Huma Kuşu
 Şu Yalan Dünyaya Geldim Geleli
 Ben Şu Fani Dünyada
 Bir Allah'ı Tanıyalım
 Tanrı Baba
 Kazak Abdal

Ruhi Su albümleri
1989 albümleri

Huma Kuşu ve Taşlamalar


IOTA er en open source kryptovaluta, der fokuserer på at levere en sikker metode for maskiner til at kommunikere og handle via IoT (Internet of Things). IOTA bruger orienteret acyklisk graf ( DAG ) i stedet for den mere traditionelle metode, blockchain, hvilket giver IOTA mulighed for at give brugerne gratis og hurtigere transaktioner med samme type sikkerhed.

IOTA blev grundlagt i 2015 af David Sønstebø, Sergey Ivancheglo, Dominik Schiener og Dr. Serguei Popov og startede senere et samarbejde med Deutsche Telekom, Microsoft og Fujitsu.

Enheder
Den mindste enhed i IOTA er en Iota, opkaldt efter det niende bogstav fra det græske alfabet, Jota ( ι ). Alle andre enheder er præfikser fra SI-systemet.

Historie

2015
IOTA blev grundlagt af David Sønstebø, Sergey Ivancheglo, Dominik Schiener og Dr. Serguei Popov. Den fastsatte en forsyning af 2.779.530.283.277.761 Iotaer, som var valgt ud fra udtrykket , som er det største nummer, der kan repræsenteres med 33 i det ternære talsystem. Ved at fastsætte antallet af Iota, lukkes muligheden for mining, så ingen Iotaer kan tilføjes eller fratages. Få måneder efter grundlæggelsen, blev der åbnet for beta-testning.

2016
Imens beta-testningen fortsatte, begyndte over the counter-handel mellem brugere.

2017
Outlier Ventures, et venturekapitalfirma, investerede et 7-cifret beløb i IOTA, som var deres første direkte investering. SatoshiPay annoncerede et skift fra brug af Bitcoin til udelukkende at bruge IOTA, da Bitcoins transaktionsomkostninger steg.

I august indgik IOTA Foundation et samarbejde med REFUNITE, som er verdens største database for savnede personer, for at kunne bruge IOTA-teknologien til at hjælpe familier under og efter konflikter.

Efter IOTA Data Market Places succes valgte Robert Bosch Venture Capital at lave deres første kryptovaluta-investering ved at købe en stor del af IOTA's tokens.

Kort efter blev IOTA Foundation inviteret af bystyret Tokyo til at deltage i en Blockchain Business Camp, hvor Sony, Holde og Toyota deltog.

Byen Haarlem i Holland byggede et "proof of concept"-system for at give beboere muligheden for at tilgå offentlige dokumenter uden at skulle have adgang til en kommunekontor med IOTA's teknologi som sikkerhedssystem.

Design

Transaktion
For at en IOTA bruger kan sende en transaktion, skal brugeren først validere to andre tilfældige transaktioner. En sendt transaktion skal samle en tilstrækkelig grad af verifikation (transaktionen skal valideres et tilstrækkelig antal gange af andre brugere), før transaktionen kan blive accepteret som "bekræftet" af modtageren. IOTA fungerer med en enkel administration, som hedder en Koordinator, som bekræfter alle transaktioner. Uden Koordinatoren ville IOTA-transaktioner ikke være sikkert i sit tidlige stadie. Koordinator vil formentlig blive fjernet, når systemet er stort nok.

The Tangle
I stedet for at bruge traditionel blockchain bruger IOTA et orienteret acyklisk graf (DAG). IOTA's DAG bliver kaldt "tangle", som er en generalisering af block chain protocol (en blockchain er en specifik sag inden for DAG).

Kryptografi
IOTA bruger Winternitz hash-baseret kryptografisignaturer i stedet for elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), fordi hash-baserede signaturer er markant hurtigere end ECC.

IOTA brugte en selv-designet hash-funktion kaldt Curl. I juli 2017 fandt forskere en kritisk svaghed, der gav dem adgang til at lave deres egne signatur. Forskerne kritiserede IOTA for at bruge selv-udviklet kryptografi. Den 7. august 2017 byttede udviklerne hash-funktionen med en SHA-3-version, kaldt Kerl, som virkede med ternære (i stedet for binære) operationer, som derved fjernede sårbarheden.

Addresser
Grundet IOTAs brug af Winternitz' kryptografisignatur, fungerer IOTA fundamentalt anderledes versus andre kryptografivalutaer hvad angår adressebrug. I stedet for at have en fast privatnøgle per adresse, som privatnøglen giver adgang til, genererer IOTA automatisk nye set af privatnøgler og adresser ud fra et seed. Dette seed består af 81 bogstaver fra A til Z inkluderende tallet 9. Med 27 muligheder pr. symbol er der (eller ) potentielle seeds i IOTA, mange gange flere seeds end det estimerede antal brintatomer i det observerbare univers ( antal brintatomer). Hvert symbol i et seed repræsenteres i IOTA med en 'tryte' eller tre 'trits' (kan sammenlignes med bytes og bits). Se nedenunder for et eksempel på et IOTA seed.FJKNTFWLMDQOSITEFWFNBSXXFYYQWXMJLRZRB9DXQONLNZGEVBQVGDWOLOQPUMFNVUAKDBZYBDXPLAMJB

IOTA Foundation
IOTA Foundation blev i november 2017 registreret i Tyskland som en almennyttig organisation, der koordinerer og finansierer udviklingen af IOTA's økosystem. IOTA Foundation er dedikeret til at bygge et bæredygtigt økosystem for IOTA for at fremskynde udviklingen, og dets kommercielle integration, som en open source-teknologi.

IOTA Foundation er den første regulerede, non-profit organisation i Tyskland, som udelukkende er finansieret af kryptovaluta. IOTA Foundation er opdelt i bestyrelse og rådgivende råd. Under dem er der organiseret arbejdsgrupper, som fokuserer på at promovere og muliggøre IOTA's brug i bl.a.: identitet, social sammenhæng, forsyningskæder, mobilitet, e-health, fintech, smart cities, infrastruktur, forskning og udvikling, interoperabilitet, energi og industri 4.0.

Datamarkedspladsen
IOTA lancerede en offentlig markedsplads for data genereret af tredjepart-sensorer. Målet er at tjene penge på det eksploderende marked for 2.5 quintillion bytes af data, der genereres dagligt, og som stiger eksponentielt. Projektet samler deltagere fra over 20 globale organisationer, heriblandt Audi, Deutsche Telekom, Bosch, Microsoft, Samsung Artik, Orange S.A. og Fujitsu. Markedspladsen tillader, at tilsluttede enheder sikkert kan overføre, købe og sælge forskelligt data til globale købere. De gebyrfrie mikrotransaktioner er håndteret at IOTA-protokoller. Indledende datasæt, der er til rådighed på markedet, omfatter lokationsspecifikke miljømålinger, afrikansk landbrugsdata og anonymiserede sundhedsdata fra bærbare enheder. Normale netbrugere kan også sælge deres data på markedet.

Wallet
Den officielle wallet også kaldet 'Light Wallet' er tilgængelig på IOTA's GitHub. Denne wallet er bl.a. blevet kritiseret for at være svær at bruge, grundet fokus for IOTA Foundation ikke har været på den menneskelig brug af IOTA. En ny wallet (kaldet 'Trinity') er under udvikling med brugervenlighed som fokus. Den forventes at komme i beta i foråret 2018.

Referencer

Kryptovalutaer

IOTA


Lenda Murray (born February 22, 1962) is an American professional female bodybuilding champion.

Early life and education
Murray was born in 1962 in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Darcelious and Louvelle Murray. She began participating in organized sports at the age of 15. At Henry Ford High School, Murray was both a record-holding sprinter and varsity cheerleader.  She went on to attend Western Michigan University, earning a degree in political science and intended to become a lawyer. While at Western Michigan, she continued to cheerlead, and became the second African American to be chosen as the university's homecoming queen in 1982.

After a brief tenure cheerleading for the Michigan Panthers in the now-defunct United States Football League, she worked with the Michigan Panthers for two years and then was invited to try out for the Dallas Cowboys cheerleaders. After she auditioned for the group and made the next-to-last cut, she decided she might need to slenderize her thighs a bit.

Bodybuilding career

Amateur career
In 1984, Murray joined a gym, the Powerhouse Gym, in Highland Park, Michigan. Within the first two days of joining the gym, Ron Love, an NPC Nationals contender told her that she had the physique to be a bodybuilder. After about a year of training to just stay in shape, Murray decided to compete in the 1985 Ms. Michigan Championships. After placing fourth, she was hooked on the sport. Murray's father did not show up for her first bodybuilding competition, but eventually did for others. She rose quickly through the ranks, soon winning contests at the state and regional levels. In 1989, Murray earned her professional status at the IFBB North American Championships.

Professional career

1990–1997
Murray soon became a regular presence in bodybuilding magazines and a favorite subject of photographer Bill Dobbins who focused extensively on her in his books The Women and Modern Amazons.  At the 1990 Ms. Olympia, Murray succeeded six-time champion Cory Everson and defeated Bev Francis to become the Ms. Olympia champion, a title Murray would hold for six years from 1990 to 1995. She appeared in such mass-market publications as Sports Illustrated, Ebony, Mademoiselle, and Vanity Fair, as well as in Annie Leibovitz's photo essay Women. Murray's physique became the standard against which professional female bodybuilders are now judged—an hourglass figure, with broad shoulders tapering into a V-shaped torso mirrored by a proportionally-developed lower body. At the 1991 Ms. Olympia, Murray won the slimmest margin of victory for any Ms. Olympia, edging out Bev Francis by a final score of 31 to 32. Afterwards, she would go on to win the Ms. Olympia competition in 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995.

First retirement
Murray lost the Ms. Olympia title to Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls in 1996, and went into retirement after finishing second to Chizevsky-Nicholls again in December 1997.

2002–2004
However, after four years of retirement she returned to the Ms. Olympia stage, and won two more Ms. Olympia titles in 2002 and 2003. Her coach was Chad Nicholls, a former bodybuilder, drug and nutrition guru and coach for his wife, Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls, along with professional bodybuilder Ronnie Coleman.

Second retirement
Murray finished second in the heavyweight class to Iris Kyle in 2004, and again retired from competition.

Legacy
Murray has won eight overall Ms. Olympia titles and has two professional wins in her weight class. She is the second most successful female bodybuilder ever, second only to Iris Kyle. From February 28, 2003 to May 31, 2003, she ranked 1st on the IFBB Women's Bodybuilding Professional Ranking List.

Murray has previously done commentary for bodybuilding events on ESPN from 1993 to 1996. She was inducted into the IFBB Hall of Fame in 2010 and the International Sports Hall of Fame in 2015. In March 2011, she became a member of the National Fitness Hall of Fame and received the award from Arnold Schwarzenegger. Every year there is an NPC competition, held at Norfolk State University, called the Lenda Murray Bodybuilding, Figure and Bikini Championships, which she is a promoter and organizer for.

Murray is also spokesperson for Wings of Strength and she owns a nutritional products company Crystal Planet Nutrition.

Competition history
1985 NPC Michigan State - 4th
1985 NPC Eastern Michigan - 1st
1986 NPC Michigan - 3rd
1986 NPC Ironwoman Michigan - 3rd
1987 NPC Michigan - 3rd
1987 NPC North Coast - 2nd
1988 NPC Michigan - 1st
1989 NPC Junior Nationals - 1st (HW and overall)
1989 IFBB North American Championships - 1st (HW and overall)
1990 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st
1991 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st
1992 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st
1993 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st
1994 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st
1995 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st
1996 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 2nd
1997 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 2nd
2002 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st (HW and overall)
2003 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st (HW and overall)
2004 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 2nd (HW)

Best statistics

 Biceps -
 Chest -
 Height -
 On season weight:
  (2003 Ms. Olympia)
  (2004 Ms. Olympia)

Personal life
Murray is single and lives in Los Angeles, California with her cats, Martin and William. She is a Christian. She is a grandmother of eleven and a stepmother of four.

Murray has done many videos to help others in their pursuit of fitness, been a professional cheerleader, a physical fitness trainer, a private trainer to professional wrestlers, athletes and others, along with trying out to become a professional wrestler for the World Wrestling Federation in 1997. In November 1990, she founded Lenda Murray Inc. From June 1999 to November 2004, she oversaw the daily operations, administrative and financial activities of The Fitness Firm. From 1999 to 2005, Murray owned a gym in Virginia Beach, Virginia called The Fitness Firm.

Television appearances
Murray has appeared on daytime talk shows like Geraldo, The Montel Williams Show, and The Jerry Springer Show.

Movie appearances
In 2015, Murray appeared in Adam Sandler's The Ridiculous 6 where she played (Terry Crews's character) Chico's mother.

See also
 Andrea Shaw

References

Sources

Todd, Jan, "Lenda Murray", St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture, Gale Group, 1999

External links
 Lenda Murray Ms. Olympia Official website

! colspan = 3 | Ms. Olympia

1962 births
African-American female bodybuilders
Living people
Sportspeople from Columbus, Georgia
People from Highland Park, Michigan
People from Kalamazoo County, Michigan
People from Muscogee County, Georgia
People from Wayne County, Michigan
Professional bodybuilders
Sportspeople from Detroit
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from Kalamazoo, Michigan
Sportspeople from Norfolk, Virginia
Sportspeople from Virginia Beach, Virginia
Western Michigan University alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people

Lenda Murray


سبيل محمد علي بالنحاسين أو سبيل إسماعيل باشا, أنشأه محمد علي باشا على روح ولده إسماعيل باشا المتوفي بالسودان سنة 1244هـ/1828-1829م.

يقع السبيل في شارع النحاسين في مواجهة مدرسة الناصر محمد بن قلاوون وخانقاه برقوق

الوصف المعماري للسبيل :

يطل السبيل السبيل علي شارع المعز لدين الله في حي النحاسين بواجهة مستديرة رخامية تلفت الانتباه بزخارفها الغنية من زخارف نباتية وكتابية، وتحتوي الواجهة علي أربعة شبابيك تسبيل أكبرها الشباكان في وسط الواجهة، عليها شبكات نحاسية مصبوبة علي هيئة أشكال هندسية أعلاها شكل يشبه أشعة الشمس، وأسفلها فتحات أخذ المياه علي هيئة محاريب صغيرة متجاورة تسمح بدخول الأيدي لأخذ المياه ويتوج الشبابيك عقود نصف دائرية .

السبيل من الداخل عبارة عن حجرة مربعة عدا الضلع الشمالي الغربي الذي يمثل واجهة السبيل المستديرة وبها شبابيك التسبيل أسفلها أحواض المياه، ويقع صهريج المياه في باطن الأرض أسقل حجرة التسبيل

معرض صور

مصادر
1- الأسبلة العثمانية الباقية بمدينة القاهرة دراسة معمارية أثرية لمحمود حامد الحسيني ,

2- أسبلة القاهرة في القرن التاسع عشر دراسة فنية أثرية لمحمد هاشم أبو طربوش

آثار القاهرة
آثار إسلامية
أسبلة
إحسان
عمارة عربية

سبيل محمد علي بالنحاسين


Die römisch-katholische Pfarrkirche Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit ist ein Kirchengebäude in der Schulstraße 35 in Wermingsen, einem Stadtteil von Iserlohn im Märkischen Kreis in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Gemeinde gehört zum Pastoralverbund Iserlohn-Mitte.

Geschichte und Architektur
Das Hauptschiff des Stahlbetonbaus steht über einem parabelförmigen Grundriss mit niedrigen Seitenschiffen und einem freistehenden Turm. Der parabelförmige Grundriss wurde nach dem Vorbild der Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche in Bottrop gewählt. Das Gebäude wurde zusammen mit den beiderseitigen Gemeindeanbauten von 1957 bis 1958 nach Plänen von Otto Weicken errichtet. Die Anlage steht auf einer Anhöhe über einer langgestreckten Grünanlage. Das weit vorragende Kirchenschiff und der Glockenturm bilden einen städtebaulichen Akzent. Die Gestaltung mit weißen Wandflächen und farbigen Fensterbahnen ist sachlich gehalten. Die Ausrichtung auf den Altar wird durch den abschüssigen Fußboden verstärkt. Der Chorraum wird durch beiderseits dreibahnige, raumhohe Farbfenster von Irmgard Wessel-Zumloh betont. Bemerkenswert ist auch das Altarkreuz aus Florenz aus dem 16. Jahrhundert.

Die vier Gussstahlglocken wurden 1960 vom Bochumer Verein gegossen und tragen die Namen Totenglocke (fis'), Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit (a'), Hedwig (h') und Maria, Königin des Friedens (cis''). Das Geläut ist aktuell (2022) wegen Turmschäden stillgelegt.

Die Orgel mit Normalkoppeln und einer mechanischen Spiel- und Registertraktur wurde 1992 von der Firma Albers-Orgelbau in Schmallenberg-Oberkirchen eingebaut. Die Orgelbaufirma Krawinkel reinigte und renovierte das Instrument 2012 in Verbindung mit einer Nachintonation.

Am 23. November 2019 wurde die Kirche in die Denkmalliste der Stadt Iserlohn eingetragen (Nr. 253).

Literatur
 Ursula Quednau (Red.): Dehio-Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Nordrhein-Westfalen II, Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2

Weblinks
 Pastoralverbund Iserlohn: Kirchenhistorie Heiligste Dreifaltigkeit in Wermingsen

Einzelnachweise

Iserlohn
Kirchengebäude in Iserlohn
Erbaut in den 1950er Jahren
Iserlohn, Dreifaltigkeit
Iserlohn
Iserlohn
Baudenkmal in Iserlohn

Hl. Dreifaltigkeit (Iserlohn)


Andreas Bødtker Christensen () este un fotbalist danez. Joacă ca apărător și actuala lui echipă este FC Barcelona din La Liga.

Cluburi

Palmares

Campionatele naționale
Echipa de tineret a lui Chelsea
FA Youth Cup: 2013–14
UEFA Youth League: 2014–15

Chelsea
UEFA Champions League: 2020–21
UEFA Europa League: 2018–19
Vice-campion FA Cup: 2019–20
Vice-campion EFL Cup: 2018–19

Referințe

Nașteri în 1996
Fotbaliști danezi
Fotbaliști ai Chelsea FC
Fotbaliști ai Campionatului Mondial de Fotbal 2018
Fotbaliști ai FC Barcelona

Andreas Christensen


Geologia Croatica, hrvatski je znanstveni časopis koji izdaju Hrvatski geološki institut i Hrvatsko geološko društvo . Časopis izlazi od 1911. godine, a izdavač je bilo Geologijsko povjerenstvo za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju na inicijativu Dragutina Gorjanovića Krambergera. Prvo izlazi pod nazivom Vijesti geološkog povjerenstva (1911. – 1916.), zatim Vijesti geološkog zavoda (1925. – 1929.), Vjestnik Hrvatskog državnog geološkog zavoda i Hrvatskog državnog geoložkog muzeja (1942. – 1944.), Geološki vjesnik  (1947. – 1991.), da bi od 1992. godine do danas kontinuirano izlazio pod nazivom [Geologia Croatica].

Časopis objavljuje sve aspekte geoznanosti s naglaskom na problematiku i rezultate istraživanja u području Dinarida, Jadransko-Sredozemnog područja, Panonskog bazena i pitanja krša. Izlazi tri puta godišnje na engleskom jeziku, u formatu A4, a, osim tiskane verzije, izlazi i elektronička verzija časopisa na mrežnoj stranici. U elektroničkom izdanju pristup je slobodan za puni tekst.
Uredništvo kontinuirano radi na poboljšanju kvalitete časopisa i njegovoj međunarodnoj prepoznatljivosti. Časopis je indeksiran u najrelevantnijim bazama podataka poput Web_of_Science (WoS), SCImago s pripadajućom stranicom i Hrčak s pripadajućom stranicom.

Vanjske poveznice

Hrvatski stručni i znanstveni časopisi
Geologija u Hrvatskoj

Geologia Croatica


La Petite Inégale (Parascotia nisseni) est une espèce de Lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Erebidae, de la sous-famille des Boletobiinae.

Systématique
L'espèce Parascotia nisseni a été décrite en 1905 par l'entomologiste italien  (1858–1938).

Description
La Petite Inégale est un petit papillon dont l'envergure est comprise entre 14 et , qui peut être facilement confondu avec des espèces de la famille des Geometridae. Cette espèce est très similaire à Parascotia fuliginaria avec qui elle partage une aire de répartition commune, bien que Parascotia nisseni soit généralement de plus petite taille et possède des motifs blanc-jaunâtre plus prononcés.

Écologie et distribution
Cette espèce européenne à répartition méditerranéenne se retrouve en Italie, en Espagne ainsi que dans le Sud de la France et la Corse. La période de vol semble s'étendre de mars à octobre. La chenille se nourrit de lichens et de champignons

Étymologie
Son épithète spécifique, nisseni, lui a été donnée en l'honneur de l'entomologiste danois  (1851-1933) qui a trouvé cette espèce et qui était alors consul en Algérie.

Publication originale

Liens externes

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Erebidae
Espèce de Lépidoptères (nom scientifique)

Petite Inégale


An Kyllinga stenophylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karl Moritz Schumann ngan Charles Baron Clarke. An Kyllinga stenophylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Kyllinga, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Kyllinga

Kyllinga stenophylla


WBEN (930 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Buffalo, New York, featuring a talk radio format. Owned by Audacy, Inc., the station serves Western New York, the Niagara Falls region, and parts of Southern Ontario. WBEN's studios are located in Amherst, while the transmitter site is in Grand Island. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WBEN is relayed over WKSE's HD3 digital subchannel, and is available online via Audacy.

WBEN is an affiliate of ABC News Radio, and WKBW-TV provides weather forecasts. The station airs overflow sports programming from WGR, including the 'NFL on Westwood One and Buffalo Sabres hockey games that are played on the same day as Buffalo Bills football contests. WBEN features local talk hosts during the day; nighttime syndicated programming includes Armstrong & Getty, Our American Stories with Lee Habeeb, and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory.

History
1920s
WBEN has traditionally traced its history to September 8, 1930, the date when it made its first broadcast using the WBEN call sign.  However, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) records list the station's first license date as September 22, 1922, tracing WBEN's origin to an earlier license, with the sequentially assigned call letters of WMAK, that was issued to Norton Laboratories in Lockport, New York. The station initially used the facility built by the Norton Laboratories organization from Boston as part of an experiment to send amplitude modulated voice transmissions between Niagara Falls, New York, and Cambridge, Massachusetts.

WMAK was a charter member of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) radio network, being one of the 16 stations that aired the first CBS network program on September 18, 1927. In 1928, WMAK joined with General Electric's WGY in Schenectady to demonstrate television technology. A mechanical scan system with only 30 lines of vertical resolution, it was crude compared to later electronic standards such as the 525-line NTSC analog system and subsequent 1080-line high definition digital television. But the effort was historic because GE's experimental facility was the first American television station with a regular broadcast schedule, as well as the forerunner of the current Capital District CBS-TV affiliate WRGB. The comedy duo of Stoopnagle and Budd began their careers at WMAK in 1930.

When WMAK was launched in 1922, it initially operated on the standard "entertainment" wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz). In mid-1924 the station was reassigned to 1100 kHz and at the end of the year was shifted again, to 1130 kHz. In late 1927 the transmitter site was changed to Tonawanda, followed a few months later to Shawnee Road in Martinsville. In mid-1927 the station moved to 550 kHz.

Effective November 11, 1928, WMAK was reassigned to 900 kHz, with 750 watts of power, now with a timeshare partner, WFBL in Syracuse, as a result of the Federal Radio Commission's (FRC) General Order 40, which implemented a major realignment of American AM radio. (At this time, WMAK's previous frequency of 550 kHz was assigned to WGR). WMAK was unhappy with this new assignment because the reduced hours limited its ability to carry CBS network programming. WFBL was also unhappy, even though it was also issued an unusual second authorization for unlimited use of 1490 kHz to test "synchronized" transmissions. In practice, WFBL preferred the 900 kHz assignment and only broadcast on 1490 kHz during times when, under the timesharing agreement, 900 kHz was in use by WMAK.

Eventually, a five-way legal battle broke out over control of the 900 kHz assignment. WMAK and WFBL filed applications for full-time use of the frequency, while two other existing stations, WEBR in Buffalo and WBNY in New York City, applied for half-time assignments. A fifth application, made with support from local businesses, came from the Buffalo Evening News, which filed a request to build a new full-time station. Although it had never operated a radio station, the News had extensive experience supplying a news service to local stations, beginning in November 1920 when it provided election returns for broadcast over an amateur station operated by Charles C. Klinck, Jr. The News also had a contract to supply news for use by the Buffalo Broadcasting Company stations, however, a dispute led to the station group canceling the contract in September 1929.

The five competing station applications were evaluated at a Federal Radio Commission hearing on December 18, 1929. The FRC issued its ruling two days later, denying the WMAK, WFBL, WEBR, and WBNY applications while ordering WFBL to transmit exclusively on 1490 kHz. It also granted the Buffalo Evening News' request to build a new 1,000-watt station on 900 kHz with unlimited hours. In early 1929 WMAK had been acquired by the Buffalo Broadcasting Company, based at Buffalo's Rand Building, which also controlled WGR and WKBW in Buffalo and WKEN in nearby Kenmore. The FRC saw this as pertinent to its decision, stating "There existed in Buffalo, New York, a virtual monopoly of broadcasting facilities controlled by the Buffalo Broadcasting Corporation by reason of which Buffalo and the surrounding community were given radio broadcasting service... of an unstable and unsatisfactory nature", therefore "the greatest benefit to the greatest number would result from granting the application of the Buffalo Evening News". A Construction Permit to build the new station, with a sequentially assigned provisional call sign of WRDA, was issued on January 23, 1930, specifying a transmitter site in Orchard Park and studios in Buffalo.

1930s
Both WMAK and WFBL appealed this ruling. WFBL complained that 1490 kHz was an "undesirable" assignment, and the FRC eventually agreed for the station to use 1360 kHz instead. Following plaintiff arguments, but prior to the appeals court making a ruling, the Buffalo Evening News and the Buffalo Broadcasting Company devised a settlement, and agreed that instead of building a completely new station, the newspaper would purchase WMAK and upgrade its existing transmitter site. The assignment of WMAK's license to the Buffalo Evening News was made on June 25, 1930, and WMAK's call letters were changed to WBEN. The original construction permit for a (never built) new station was modified to specify that it was now an upgrade to the existing Martinsville transmitter site.  At the same time, WMAK's call sign and intellectual property were transferred to the former WKEN in Kenmore, where it would operate until its deletion in 1932. Following the repeal of the Davis Amendment in 1948, WMAK's vacated frequency assignment was licensed to a new station in Kenmore, now WUFO in Amherst.

WBEN remained off the air while the upgrades were being made until it made its debut broadcast on September 8. A new studio complex was built at the Statler-Hilton Hotel in downtown Buffalo, chosen primarily for access to the live orchestra there, which served WBEN, its sister FM station, and a television station opened in the spring of 1948, for more than 25 years.

In 1934, WBEN continued the station's tradition of innovation, launching the ultra-shortwave experimental station W8XH on the Apex radio band, as the first station of its kind to broadcast a regular schedule. In December 1938, WBEN began an experimental facsimile service, transmitting overnight newspaper extracts printed with special receivers in subscribing homes."Real Newspaper Delivered Through Ether", Buffalo Evening News, December 18, 1938, page 18. In April 1939, the facsimile service was transferred to an "experimental facsimile broadcasting station", W8XA, which employed much of the equipment originally used by W8XH. The facsimile service was ended in December 1940.

1940s

In 1941, WBEN moved to its current frequency of 930 kHz as a result of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) reassignments. The station also relocated its transmitter to Grand Island at this time, increasing full-time power to its current 5,000 watts. The Grand Island transmitter and two towers are still in use today.

Buffalo, in general, and WBEN in particular, was an incubator of national radio and television talent. In the early 1940s, WBEN's morning host was comedian and future national late-night television star Jack Paar (he left the station when drafted into the military in 1943 during World War II and opted not to return to Buffalo after the war). Paar's place was taken by Clint Buehlman, who was recruited from competing station WGR. Buehlman remained for 34 years until retiring in 1977.

WBEN was also the station where longtime national commercial spokesman Ed Reimers launched his career, In 1946, WBEN was one of the first radio stations in the United States to launch an FM radio station, which originally was located at 106.5 MHz on the dial. In May 1948, it launched what would become WIVB, the first television station in Buffalo and the second in Upstate New York, following WRGB in Schenectady/Albany. The original WBEN-FM would later move to 102.5, increase its signal strength to 110 kilowatts to become the most powerful FM station in New York State, and eventually become WBKV.

1950s-1960s
As many national network radio programs moved to television, WBEN shifted to a middle-of-the-road format and developed a stable talent to lead the market in ratings. The station's affiliation with CBS brought Arthur Godfrey, "The World Tonight" and other network programming, but the station was primarily live and local.

In addition to morning host Clint Buehlman, other on-air voices included Al Fox, John Corbett, Ken Phillips, Bill Masters, and John Luther. Sports personalities Van Miller, Stan Barron and Dick Rifenburg shared various duties, including hosting and interview programs, while familiar news voices Jack Ogilvie, Gene Kelley, Lou Douglas, Virgil Booth, and others were heard during this period. Most of these personnel also handled TV duties,  anchoring, announcing the news, weather, and sports, and hosting game shows and other programming at WBEN-TV.

1970s-1980s
When the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) disallowed same market co-ownership of newspapers and broadcast licenses in the early 1970s, the combination of the Buffalo Evening News and WBEN-AM/FM/TV was grandfathered under the new rule. However, the 1974 death of Katherine Butler (longtime owner and publisher of the Evening News) led to the placement of the Evening News's properties in a blind trust (since Katherine Butler left no heirs). This trust company then sold the newspaper. This sale ended the Butler family's ownership of the Evening News. With the loss of the WBEN stations' grandfathered protection, WBEN-TV was sold to newspaper publisher Robert Howard. WBEN-TV's new owner changed channel 4's callsign to WIVB, which stands for "We're IV (4) Buffalo".

By the time of this transition period, WBEN radio's demographics had grown older with its folksy personalities and middle-of-the-road music. With the Butler family no longer owning the newspaper or broadcast properties, WBEN attempted to contemporize the sound during the mid-late 1970s by firing some of its longtime on-air institutions, hiring DJs, and playing Top-40 music. The station went from being known as "WBEN Radio 9-3-0" to "93/WBEN". DJs Jay Fredericks (Fritz Coleman), Chris Tyler, and Charlie Warren joined the station from other markets. Within months the ratings dropped as longtime listeners were angered, yet Top-40 listeners were already entrenched at WKBW and WYSL. Jefferson Kaye, however, had remained successful as the afternoon personality during this period (he succeeded the retiring Clint Buehlman as a morning show host in 1977; Buehlman's retirement was in part prompted by poor reviews for his handling of coverage of the Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977). Buehlman's 34-year run at the station was the longest in WBEN history, a benchmark that would eventually be surpassed by Susan Rose in 2019. Kaye, who had been program director of crosstown rival WKBW, originally came to Buffalo via WBZ in Boston.

As the newspaper and TV station became part of other companies, WBEN-AM and FM were sold to Algonquin Broadcasting, a company led by longtime Buffalo radio executive Laurence "Larry" Levite. Levite assembled a group of managers and talent that returned WBEN to prominence. The line-up was changed, and the format shifted from Full-Service, playing Top-40 to Full-Service with Adult Contemporary music. Jefferson Kaye hosted mornings, while Larry Hunter, Bill Lacey, and Kevin O'Connell and Tom Kelly were heard on middays, and Jack Mindy hosted afternoons. Stan Barron returned to the station, bringing back his "Free-Form Sports" program, and overnights eventually shifted from Dick Rifenburg's music show to Mutual's syndicated Larry King talk show. Bob Wood served as the station's program director. Helicopter traffic reports were added, featuring reporters Dave May and Debbie Stamp, the news department staff was increased - and Levite brought Buffalo Bills broadcasts back to WBEN after a three-year hiatus on WKBW. Van Miller also returned to the Bills' broadcast booth, replacing WKBW announcer Al Meltzer. WBEN, WJYE (with a beautiful music format), and Top 40 outlet WKBW all fought for the top spot during this era, but WBEN had consistently solidified the number one position by 1980. Stan Barron died in 1984 and was succeeded by John Murphy. By the mid-1980s, Kaye departed WBEN's morning show, moving to Philadelphia to become the voice of NFL Films and WPVI-TV. Midday host Bill Lacey, later joined by Kevin Keenan, assumed morning hosting duties.

1990s

The station won numerous regional and statewide awards for its news and public-service efforts. Levite presided over the gradual transition of WBEN from an adult contemporary station to its current news and talk format. The local talk continued, along with the addition of Rush Limbaugh. In 1994, Levite sold the WBEN stations to Kerby Confer's Keymarket Communications organization and retired from the broadcasting business (Levite later moved to print media and took over the monthly Buffalo Spree magazine until his 2017 death). Keymarket later sold the properties to River City Broadcasting, which then merged with Sinclair Broadcast Group. In 1999, Entercom Communications bought WBEN, as well as its competitor WGR and most of Sinclair's other radio stations as Sinclair exited the radio business.

2000-2010
WBEN and WGR had been competing for news/talk/sports stations during the 1990s. In 2000, under common ownership, the stations rearranged personnel. WGR became the market's all-sports station, while WBEN became the market's principal commercial news/talk station.

With sister station WGR's move to sports talk, WBEN solidified its position as the dominant news/talk station. Market veterans John Zach and Susan Rose replaced Bill Lacey (who currently hosts mornings at WHTT) to host "Buffalo's Morning News". Tom Bauerle moved from WGR to host a mid-morning talk show, Limbaugh's program continued, and market veteran Sandy Beach moved from sister station WMJQ to host afternoon talk on the station, while evening hours were filled by syndicated lifestyle hosts Laura Schlessinger and Joy Browne; Browne and Schlessinger were later replaced by The Sean Hannity Show and Jim Bohannon, respectively.

2010-present
From April 5, 2011, to September 26, 2013, Entercom switched its Classic Rock/Triple-A hybrid sister station WLKK to a simulcast of WBEN. Entercom's WLKK was not able to assume the WBEN-FM call letters, since the company had previously released the WBEN-FM call letters. They are in use on a Beasley Broadcast Group station in the Philadelphia area. The "Lake" format continued on WLKK's HD2 digital subchannel.

In July 2013, WBEN made its first major change to its daytime lineup in over a decade. The lineup change moved afternoon drive host Sandy Beach to midday, while midday host Tom Bauerle moved to afternoon drive and expanded his show to four hours. The station's evening news magazine, Buffalo's Evening News (which incorporated a simulcast of the first part of the CBS Evening News), was canceled as part of the expansion, a move made to better coordinate with Arbitron's dayparting practices. (Buffalo's Evening News is expected to return in 2018 after Bauerle's show was cut back to three hours as part of a contract extension.)  After a very brief stint in which David Bellavia filled the shift from 10pm to 1am, the station added The Savage Nation to its syndicated offerings in early 2014.  It was explained at the time that Bellavia's other employer objected to him being on WBEN, so Savage was replacement programming for that slot. Bellavia would however return in late 2016 as Bauerle's co-host and eventually moved to middays with his own show in 2020. Buffalo's Evening News would be revived in 2021 after the death of Rush Limbaugh. WBEN's parent company also added Dana Loesch on a tape-delay, which was dropped two years later in favor of an even further tape-delayed airing of Armstrong & Getty.

"Cinema Bob" Stilson, Entercom's creative services director, had a one-hour "Movie Show" that discussed upcoming theatrical releases and aired Fridays during Beach's program from 1997 until Entercom cut Stilson's budget and ended the program in 2017; Stilson later joined WEBR in 2020. Morning host John Zach was permanently laid off at the end of 2016 and later emerged at WECK. Until 2016, WBEN carried news from CBS News Radio, an affiliation the station had held for 76 years. Sandy Beach, whose Beach and Company show had been part of the WBEN lineup since 1997, announced his departure from the station in July 2020.

Today, WBEN competes with country-formatted WYRK for the leadership in total audience in most quarterly ratings surveys.Portions of the above come from the Buffalo Broadcast Pioneers Web site.''

Simulcasts
Between 1946 and 1960, WBEN simulcast on co-owned WBEN-FM, which started on 106.5 MHz.  From 1960 until 1973, the morning show continued to be simulcast. The FM station later moved down the dial to 102.5  The 106.5 frequency was sold, switching its call letters to WADV after the co-owned TV station, WBEN-TV 4, was sold separately to become WIVB in 1977. WBEN-FM later became WMJQ in 1987, WTSS in 2000, and WBKV in 2023.

On April 5, 2011, WBEN began simulcasting on co-owned FM station WLKK at 107.7 MHz, relayed by translator W297AB at 107.3 MHz from Williamsville, New York. On September 26, 2013, WLKK dropped the simulcast.

WBEN was simulcast on the second HD Radio subchannel of WTSS from 2011 to 2015.  It is now heard on the HD3 subchannel of WKSE 98.5 MHz.

See also
List of oldest radio stations
List of radio stations in New York State

References

External links

The WBEN History Page by Buffalonian Steve Cichon
WBEN jock history (billdulmage.com)
FCC History Cards for WBEN (covering WMAK / WBEN from 1927-1981)

BEN
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1922
Audacy, Inc. radio stations
Buffalo Braves broadcasters
1922 establishments in New York (state)

WBEN (AM)


Universitatea Maria Curie-Skłodowska (pl. Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie) este o instituție de învățământ superior de stat din Lublin, Polonia.

Rectori UMCS
 Henryk Raabe (24 octombrie 1944 – 31 august 1948)
 Tadeusz Kielanowski (1 septembrie 1948 – 31 decembrie 1949)
 Bohdan Dobrzański (1 ianuarie 1952 – 31 august 1955)
 Andrzej Burda (1 septembrie 1955 – 7 mai 1957)
 Adam Paszewski (8 mai 1957 – 31 august 1959)
 Grzegorz Leopold Seidler (1 septembrie 1959 – 11 aprilie 1969)
 Zbigniew Lorkiewicz (1 iulie 1969 – 30 septembrie 1972)
 Wiesław Skrzydło (1 octombrie 1972 – 31 august 1981)
 Tadeusz Baszyński (1 septembrie 1981 – 21 mai 1982)
 Józef Szymański (24 mai 1982 – 31 august 1984)
 Stanisław Uziak (1 septembrie 1984 – 31 august 1987)
 Zdzisław Cackowski (1 septembrie 1987 – 30 noiembrie 1990)
 Eugeniusz Gąsior (1 decembrie 1990 – 14 august 1993)
 Kazimierz Goebel (24 septembrie 1993 – 31 august 1999)
 Marian Harasimiuk (1 septembrie 1999 – 31 august 2005)
 Wiesław Kamiński (1 septembrie 2005 – 31 august 2008)
 Andrzej Dąbrowski (1 septembrie 2008 – 31 august 2012)
 Stanisław Michałowski (1 septembrie 2012 – 31 august 2016)

Facultăți

Galerie

Referințe

Legături externe
  Site oficial: Universitatea Maria Curie-Skłodowska
  Maria Curie-Skłodowska Universitatea (UMCS)
Educația_în_Polonia
Universități din Polonia

Universitatea Maria Curie-Skłodowska


Cataguases is a municipality located in the southeastern part of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The estimated population in 2020 was 75,540. It is mainly an industrial centre (textile, metallurgy, clothes) with a strong influence of coffee plantation in its early history (19th century).

History
In the 1920s, the city was associated with the Brazilian cinema pioneer Humberto Mauro and a generation of writers for the short-lived Revista Verde. Humberto Mauro shot there some films that earned him a good reputation nationwide. He later made Braza Dormida (Sleeping Fire) and O Descobrimento do Brasil (The Finding of Brazil) and was a reputed Tupi language scholar.

Industrialisation changed the town significantly and caused some of its citizens to become very rich in the 1920s and 1930s. As a result the city centre was remodeled accordingly to the ultimate architecture styles. The architect Oscar Niemeyer and painters Cândido Portinari, Djanira and Emeric Marcier are some of the Brazilian artists who left contributions there at that time.

After three decades of wealth, the town lost its prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. The economic crisis and the changes due to the modernisation of the industries provoked high unemployment rates and depreciation of salaries, reducing the town's wealth.

In 2003, the town was the site of an ecological accident caused by the spilling of chemical waste that affected the brook Cágado and the rivers Pomba and Paraíba do Sul, threatening the water supply of more than 20,000,000 Brazilians (including the state of Rio de Janeiro).

Climate
Cataguases experiences a tropical savanna climate (Aw under Köppen climate classification). Temperatures are high (above 18 °C (64.4 °F)) all over the year, and low temperatures lasting for a whole day are rare, and generally only occur in the dry season. The wet season starts in September and goes until May, while the dry season goes from May to September. Floods are not uncommon in the town, and generally there is one per year, in December, January or February. On the other side, during the dry season Rio Pomba has considerably less water than in other periods, and some people have respiratory diseases related to low air humidity.

Temperatures

References

Municipalities in Minas Gerais

Cataguases


City University of New York (CUNY) este un sistem public de universități din orașul New York și totodată cel mai mare sistem universitar urban din SUA. CUNY este o rețea universitară separată și independentă de SUNY (State University of New York), deși ambele sunt instituții publice finanțate de statul New York. CUNY este amplasată doar în orașull New York, pe când unitățile SUNY sunt răspândite în întreg statul, inclusiv în orașul, New York.

Istoria CUNY a început în anul 1847, odată cu fondarea unei Free Academy of the City of New York, devenită mai târziu City College of New York. Sistemul universitar actual a fost creat în 1961; el are 275.000 de studenți și cercetători, și un număr de 13 alumni laureați ai Premiului Nobel.

 Instituții de învățământ superior din Statele Unite ale Americii
Fondări în 1961

City University of New York


Svijet

Zgrade i druge građevine

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Zgrade i druge građevine
 Sagrađena Crkva sv. velikomučenika Jurja u Kninskom Polju

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Arhitektura u 1468.


Demonic je sedmi studijski album američkog thrash metal sastava Testament. Diskografske kuće Burnt Offerings i Music for Nations objavile su ga 24. lipnja 1997. Različiti su recenzenti za pjesme na albumu izjavili da pripadaju modernom thrash metalu s vokalima iz death metala, death-thrashu ili samo death metalu. Jedini je Testamentov studijski uradak na kojem je bas-gitaru svirao Derrick Ramirez i prvi na kojem je bubnjeve svirao Gene Hoglan.

Pozadina
Budući da je ugovor s diskografskom kućom Atlantic Records poništen nakon objave Lowa 1994., skupina je 1995. samostalno objavila koncertni album Live at the Fillmore, nakon čega je uz pomoć Jona Zazule iz Megaforce Recordsa osnovala vlastitu diskografsku kuću Burnt Offerings. Zazula je bio zadužen za promidžbu i marketing, premda se u prošlosti razilazio s grupom u određenim odlukama. Nakon što je nakon svađe s pjevačem Chuckom Billyjem bubnjar Jon Dette napustio sastav i postao Slayerov koncertni bubnjar, grupa je početkom 1996. odlučila raditi s Chrisom Kontosom iz Machine Heada. S njime je snimila obradu pjesme "Rapid Fire" za album u počast heavy metal sastavu Judas Priest.

U ljeto 1996. objavljena je vijest da se Testament razišao i da će Billy i gitarist Eric Peterson nastaviti s radom pod imenom Dog Faced Gods prema nazivu pjesme s Lowa. Međutim, to se na koncu nije dogodilo i sastav je nastavio djelovati pod starim imenom. Chrisa Kontosa zamijenio je Gene Hoglan (član Dark Angela i nekadašnji član Deatha). Derrick Ramirez, bratić Erica Petersona, svirao je bas-gitaru umjesto Grega Christiana, koji je 1996. napustio grupu. U snimanju Demonica nije sudjelovao gitarist James Murphy jer je bio na turneji kojom je podržavao samostalni album Convergence; Billy je pjevao na tom albumu pjevao na pjesmi "Touching the Earth". Ipak, u vrijeme objave Demonica bubnjar John Dette ponovno se priključio Testamentu jer se Hoglan odlučio posvetiti Strapping Young Ladu. Glen Alvelais, gitarist koji je otpušten prije objave Lowa, ponovno se pridružio Testamentu pri kraju snimanja Demonica da bi zamijenio Murphyja, no gitaru svira samo na pjesmi "New Eyes of Old". Burnt Offerings objavio je album u lipnju 1997., a u Europi ga je objavio Music for Nations. Prvi je album od The Legacyja koji se nije pojavio na glazbenim ljestvicama.

O razvoju grubljeg vokalnog stila na albumu članovi su komentirali:

Naslovnica i ilustracije
Naslovnicu za Demonic izradio je Dave McKean, koji je također izradio naslovnice za prethodni album Low i idući album The Gathering. U intervjuu iz 1999. tijekom promidžbe The Gatheringa Peterson je izjavio da naslovnica prikazuje vrstu afričkog egzorcizma; drvena maska predstavlja opsjednutu osobu i u nju se zabijaju čavli koji tu osobu oslobađaju od zloduha.

McKean je također dizajnirao pentagram na omotu na temelju logotipa Legacyja (naziva pod kojim je Testament objavio demo-uradak). Crtež lubanje bez pentagrama pojavio se na naslovnici prvog Testamentovog albuma The Legacy.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije
Reakcije na Demonic, kao i na Souls of Black, bile su podijeljene. U časopisu Rock Hard kritiziran je vokalni stil Chucka Billyja. Uwe "Buffo" Schnädelbach napisao je da je Testament "napustio svoj glazbeni dom" usprkos dobrim pjesmama i Hoglanovom "izvrsnom sviranju bubnjeva". Dodijelio mu je 6,5 bodova od deset. Alex Henderson s mrežnog mjesta AllMusic ime Demonic opisao je "prikladnim". Dodao je da nije za "uobičajene" obožavatelje thrasha, a u razini žestine izjavio je da je više nalik Slayerovu Reign in Bloodu nego prijašnjim Testamentovim uradcima. Dodijelio mu je tri zvjezdice od njih pet. Na mrežnom mjestu Chronicles of Chaos Drew Schinzel istaknula je da bi stariji obožavatelji mogli biti razočarani promjenom stila i dodijelila mu je sedam od deset bodova. Suprotnog mišljenja bio je Christian Rosenau na mrežnom mjestu www.bloodchamber.com, koji je izjavio: "Sva sreća da Testament više ne stvara one trijumfalne pjesme iz osamdesetih jer bismo inače izgubili ovaj draguljčić od death-thrasha." Dodijelio mu je osam od deset bodova. Istu je ocjenu albumu dao i Metal Observer, koji ga je opisao "homogenim", što je "vrlo dobro" na duže staze.

Osoblje

Testament
Chuck Billy – vokali, produkcija
Gene Hoglan – bubnjevi
Derrick Ramirez – bas-gitara
Eric Peterson – gitara, produkcija
Dodatni glazbenici
Glen Alvelais – gitara (na pjesmi "New Eyes of Old")

Ostalo osoblje
Douglas Hall – produkcija, tonska obrada
Mauricio Acevedo – pomoćnik pri miksanju
Michael Wagener – miksanje
George Marino – masteriranje
Walter Morgan – fotografija
Dave McKean – dizajn, ilustracije, fotografija

Izvori

Albumi sastava Testament
Albumi iz 1997.

Demonic


Centar za istraživanje djela i misli sv. Jeronima – Hieronymianum, znanstvena ustanova u Splitu, Hrvatska. Bit će svjetsko središte za istraživanje djela i misli svetog Jeronima. Voditelj je don Ivan Bodrožić.

Osnovao ga je studenoga 2019. godine Katolički bogoslovni fakultet u Splitu. Hieronymianum će djelovati na prevođenju i objavljivanju cjelokupnog djela opus omnia sv. Jeronima. Organizirat će simpozije, međunarodne ljetne škole za postdiplomce, radionice za djecu i studente, radionice za prevoditelje te s Centrom don Frane Bulića, izrađivati kratke dokumentarne filmove o svim tim događanjima. Planira se održavati međunarodne simpozije svakih dvije do tri godine. Hyieronymianum će voditi brigu i istraživati sakralnu, književnu i umjetničku baštinu vezanu uz život i djelo svetog Jeronima, pri splitskom Katoličko bogoslovnom fakultetu odnosno Sveučilištu u Splitu. 27. veljače 2020. potpisan je sporazum o suradnji splitskog Sveučilišta, splitskog KBF-a i Županije Splitsko-dalmatinske na ovom projektu. Uz ostalo, namjera osnivača je brendirati hrvatskog svetca sv. Jerolima, sveca koji ima veliki utjecaj na razvoj čitave europske kulture i duhovnosti te vezati Split sa svetim Jeronimom. Sv. Jeronim iznimno je važna osoba za hrvatsku povijest, kulturu i identitet, jer se bez njega zapravo ne bi moglo govoriti o hrvatskoj kulturnoj, duhovnoj i umjetničkoj baštini.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
KBF Split Hieronymianum
Pravilnik Centra

Rimokatolička Crkva u Hrvatskoj
Znanost i tehnologija u Hrvatskoj

Hieronymianum – Centar za istraživanje djela i misli sv. Jeronima


Heteronukleare molekyler, er molekyler der indeholder to eller flere forskellige grundstoffer. Flere af molekylerne i vores atmosfære er heteronukleare molekyler som carbondioxid (CO2) og vand (H2O). I vores hverdag bruger vi også heteronukleare molekyler, som saltsyre (HCl).

Eksempler

Diatomiske heteronukleare molekyler
 Kulilte, CO
 Saltsyre, HCl

Triatomiske heteronulkeare molekyler
 Carbondioxid, CO2
 Vand, H2O

Se også
Homonuklear

Eksterne henvisninger

Kemi
Uorganisk kemi
Molekyler

Heteronuklear


الموفين  كما يعرف باسم أرجوان الأنيلين وموف بيركين، وهو أول صباغ عضوي تركيبي.

واسمه الكيميائي 3-amino-2,±9-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-(p-tolylamino)phenazinium acetate. وصيغته الكيميائية C26H23N4+X− (موفين A) و C27H25N4+X− (موفين B، انظر في الأسفل).

تاريخ
لقد اكتشف السير ويليم هنري بيركين الموفين صدفة في سنة 1856، حين كان يحاول اصطناع الكينين وهو دواء لعلاج الملاريا كتحد لأستاذه أوغست فلهيلم فون هوفمان. وفي إحدى محاولاته أكسد بيركين الأنيلين باستخدام ثنائي كرومات البوتاسيوم. وتحت هذه الشروط يتفاعل الأنيلين مع الشوائب الموجودة في التولودين (Toluidine) لإنتاج صلب أسود وهو ناتج عام لخطأ في الاصطناع الكيميائي. وأثناء محاولته تنظيف القارورة، اكتشف بيركين أن بعض المكونات السوداء الصلبة ذابت في الكحول لتعطي محلولا أرجواني اللون، ظهر له لاحقا أنه صباغ فعال في صباغة الحرير والأنواع الأخرى من الألياف.

حصل بيركين على براءة اختراع للصباغ الجديد وافتتح في العام التالي معمل للأصبغة في غرينفورد على ضفاف القناة الاتحادية الكبيرة في لندن لإنتاج الصباغ بكميات تجارية. وقد انتج تحت اسم أرجوان الأنيلين أو أرجوان صور وهو اسم الصباغ الطبيعي القديم المستخرج من الرخويات. وقد سمي اللون الناتج عن الصباغ بلون الموف في إنجلترا في بدايات 1859، وجاء من الاسم الفرنسي لزهرة الخباز (Malva)، ثم سماه الكيميائيون باسم الموفين. وقد أصبح الموف مطابقا جدا لذوق العصر في سنة 1862 م عندما ظهرت الملكة فيكتوريا في العرض الملكي برداء من الحرير الموف. خرج الموف من الموضة في أواخر الستينيات من القرن الثامن عشر إلى ألوان تركيبية جديدة، بعد أن جنى بيركين ثروة كبيرة، وولدت صناعة الاصطناع الكيميائي. ولقد أدرج الاتحاد الوطني الأمريكي للحلوانيين الموفين بين المواد المسموحة للتلوين الغذائي في بدايات القرن العشرين، وبعدة أسماء مكافئة مثل روسولان، والعجين البنفسجي، والكروم البنفسجي، والأنيلين البنفسجي، وأرجوان الأنيلين، وبنفسج بيركين، وإنديسين، وفينامين، وبروربورين، وتيرالين، وأرجوان صور، وليندين.

معرض صور

المراجع

أصبغة الآزين
اختراعات إنجليزية
تاريخ الكيمياء
درجات البنفسجي
كيمياء عضوية
مخترعون بريطانيون

موفين


Demarkacijska crta u NDH bila je vojnička demarkacijska crta kojom su Treći Reich i Italija podijelile NDH na interesne zone.

Zemljopisni položaj
Pružala se sredinom NDH. Tekla je od stare granice sa Slovenijom (tada s Trećim Reichom), južno od Save, od Samobora, Jastrebarskoga, Pisarovine preko Petrinje, istočno od Gline, kod Dvora, južno od Prijedora, sjeverno od Sanskog Mosta, sjeveroistočno od Ključa, zapadno od Jajca, južno od Bugojna, Travnika, Zenice i Fojnice, sjeverno od Konjica i Neretve, južno od Sarajeva pa skretala sjeverno prema Drini sjeverozapadno od Foče, južno od Goražda i Višegrada do Čajniča, na granicu s talijanskim protektoratom Kraljevinom Crnom Gorom.
Crta nije bila stalna nego je od prvotne inačice doživjela revidiranja.

Odlučeno je da dok traje njemačka okupacija Srbije, da će Njemačka držati i dio Hrvatske pod okupacijom. Taj se dio poruža od sjeverozapada prema jugoistoku. Okupacija odnosno zaposjednuće je radi osiguranja željezničkih sveza ka Srbiji. Osnovica joj je bila crta dosega Druge njemačke i Druge talijanske armije. Demerkacijska crta bila je predviđena stupiti u dvjema fazama. Odlučeno je bilo da će biti sprovedena 8. svibnja 1941. godine. Demarkacijska crta prolazila je kroz NDH i nastavljala se dalje ka istoku. Išla je pravcem: Samobor (nje.) - Petrinja (nje.) - cesta Petrinja - Glina - Bosanski Novi - Prijedor - Banja Luka - Jajce - Donji Vakuf - Travnik - Visoko - Sarajevo (naselja pod nje.) - željeznička pruga Sarajevo - Prača - Ustiprača - Rudo (mjesta na pruzi nje.) - cesta Rudo - Priboj (mjesta nje.) - cesta Nova Varoš - Sjenica - Novi Pazar (mjesta nje.). - Mitrovica (nje.) - željeznička pruga Mitrovica - Priština - Uroševac (mjesta nje.). Njemačkoj je bilo osigurati rudnike kroma i olova na Ljubotenu u Makedoniji i ležišta olova u Mitrovici, a i da se izađe ususret Mussolinijevim željama u svezi s albansko - makedonskom granicom.
 Trasa je kroz NDH poslije pomaknuta sjeerozapadnije.

Određivanje
Određena je na njemačko-talijanskim razgovorima u Beču od 20. do 22. travnja 1941. godine. Talijanske i njemačke postrojbe stalno su bile nazočne u NDH i zbog te zadržanosti i operacija došlo je pitanje potrebe uređenja odnosa okupacijskih snaga, kako među njima, tako i prema NDH na čijoj su zemlju bile. Stoga su ministri Trećeg Reicha von Ribbentrop i Ciano u Beču dogovarali rješenje. Nisu se nikako mogli usuglasiti o podjeli Hrvatske u okupacijske svrhe, jer su talijanski zahtjevi bili veliki: tražili su prevlast u čitavoj NDH. Stoga su dogovorili privremeno rješenje gdje je za početak dogovorena demarkacijska crta talijanske i njemačke okupacijske zone. Njen je tijek odredio Adolf Hitler. Konačnoj trasi prilog su dali i vojni, vanjskopolitički i ekonomski forumi, jer je zacrtavanje podrazumijevalo povlačenje i prebacivanje postrojba, sređivanje veza između vojnih zapovjedništava, uređenje željezničkog i cestovnog prometa, pitanje vitalno važnog rudnog bogatstva. Ministarski dogovor dakle je bio samo dovršenje prijašnjih odluka Hitlera i vojske. Regulirali su sporne točke poput kontrole proizvodnih bogatstava. Postavljanje posadnih postrojba i poslije okupacijskih postrojba sa strane Njemačke i Italije dovela je kasnije do velikog suparništva te dvije države, što je vrlo omelo vojna djelovanja protiv oružanog otpora u NDH.

Prva je demarkacijska crta određena 1. svibnja 1941. godine. Konačna je određena poslije.

Ova crta ne predstavljala formalno razgraničenje teritorija, jer je vojno-pothvatnog, a ne državnopravnog značenja. Premda su se njemačke i talijanske postrojbe često ponašale kao okupatori i što je suverenitet NDH bio ograničen, one na području NDH temeljem međudržavnih ugovora službeno nisu bile u svojstvu okupacijskih (Besetzungs-), nego posadnih (Besatzungs-) snaga. Od Rimskih ugovora, talijanske snage više nisu bile u svojstvu okupacijskih snaga. Naknadnim odlukama Kraljevina Italija okupirala je područje Druge i Treće zone. Istočni Srijem sa Zemunom bio je područje pod njemačkom okupacijom, t.zv. Okupacijsko područje Istočnog Srijema.
U optjecaju je bio i plan Seppa Janka o formiranju Reichsfestung Belgrad, njemačkog autonomnog područja oko Beograda. Taj bi prostor bio "tvrđava Reicha". Zbog toga je bilo i nesloge vodstva Njemačke narodne skupine i lokalnog vodstva u istočnom Srijemu. Hitler je i napustio misao osnivanja njemačke države u Vojvodini te je dio tog područja prepustio NDH. Banat je Njemačka zaposjela zbog brojnih tamošnjih Volksdeutschera ali i zbog rivalstva Mađarske i Rumunjske, jer su obje htjele Banat.

Njemačka interesna zona
Prostirala se sjeverno od demarkacijske crte sve do Drave.

Talijanska interesna zona

Talijanska interesna zona dijelila se na tri zone. Jednim od Rimskih ugovora, Ugovorom o određivanju granica, određeno je koje je djelove Hrvatske Italija sebi izravno pripojila. To su djelovi Dalmacije i Gorskoga kotara (status Splita i Korčule Italija je izbjegavala regulirati, kao da se radi o sastavnim dijelovima Kraljevine Italije).

Nakon tih ugovora talijanske postrojbe u NDH nisu službeno nosile atribut okupacijskih, nego su postale posadnim snagama. Preostali dio do demarkacijske crte bio je podijeljen u dvije zone. Druga zona bio je obalni pojas NDH sa zaleđem i nazivao se još razvojačenim područjem. NDH je u tom području ponovno preuzela vlast svibnja 1941. godine.
NDH je bila desuverenizirana i u Trećoj zoni, jer ondje nije smjela imati fortifikacije.

Početkom lipnja 1941. izbio je četnički ustanak u istočnoj Hercegovini a krajem lipnja 1941. ustanak srpskih četnika i partizana u jugozapadnoj Bosni i sjevernoj Dalmaciji, uz otvorenu potporu talijanske vojske (zbog talijanskog plana da destabilizacijom hrvatske vlasti južno od te crte talijanske vojne i civilne vlasti preuzmu svu političku vlast na tome području preuzmu, čime bi Italija neometano iskorištavala prirodna bogatstava tih hrvatskih područja, neovisno o hrvatskim vlastima, koje su morale izbjegavati svaku gospodarsku konkurenciju Italiji, a vremenom bi Italija tim planom potpuno eliminirala njemačku konkurenciju) Snage NDH i divlji ustaše oštro i nasilno su reagirale prema pobunjenicima koji su imali i genocidne namjere, što je Italija jedva dočekala. Italija je to širenje nemira uzela za izliku da kolovoza 1941. navede NDH na ograničenu reokupaciju razvojačenog pojasa (tzv. druge zone). Apetiti im nisu stali na tome, nego su 7. rujna 1941. uvele izvanredni vojnički režim u obalnom pojasu od Ogulina do Mostara, preuzevši time i vojnu i građansku vlast, što je kod Hrvata izazvalo veće ogorčenje od Rimskih ugovora. Uz to je Italija nastavila sklapati sporazume s četničkim skupinama, čime je pokazivala nakanu okupirati i treću zonu, t.j. područje između obalnog pojasa i demarkacijske crte.
Tako je ostalo sve do kapitulacije Italije i Ustaška vojnica južno od demarkacijske crte stalno je bila ograničena voljom talijanskog saveznika.
Italija je u operaciji Trio pod izlikom zajedničkog djelovanja protiv ustanika, htjela prijeći demarkacijsku crtu, zaposjesti Sarajevo i istočnu Bosnu, čime bi vodstvo NDH izgubilo svaki oblik samostalnosti; no snage NDH uspostavile su nadzor nad istočnom granicom i spriječile talijanski prodor.

Sredinom ljeta 1943., uoči pada Italije Treći Reich je okupirao istočnu Hercegovinu.

Izvori

NDH

Demarkacijska crta u NDH


ريشارد زيكساو Richard Sexau (ولد في 11 يناير 1882 في كارلسروهه – ومات في 23 أغسطس 1962 في ميونخ) هو كاتب ومؤرخ ألماني.

درس الفلسفة والاقتصاد القومي وتاريخ الأدب والموسيقى والفن. حصل على درجة الدكتوراه عام 1905. تزوج في عام 1904 مارجاريته فراين فون كرافت إيبنج ابنة الطبيب النفسي الفييني الشهير ريشارد فون كرافت إيبنج. قام بالعديد من الرحلات عبر أوروبا وشمال إفريقيا. اشترك في الحرب العالمية الأولى وحارب على الجبهة الغربية. عين نبعوثا في الإرسالية الألمانية في هاج لعامي 1919 و 1920.

في قصر أشولدينج في ديترامتسيل أشولدينج في بافاريا العليا كرس نفسه للكتابة منذ عام 1920. وقد كتب العديد من الروايات والمقالات.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1882
مواليد في كارلسروه
وفيات 1962
وفيات في ميونخ

ريشارد زيكساو


Rkia el-Moukim (; * 22. Februar 1988 in Guelmim) ist eine marokkanische Leichtathletin, die sich auf den Langstreckenlauf spezialisiert hat.

Sportliche Laufbahn
Erste Erfahrungen bei internationalen Meisterschaften sammelte Rkia el-Moukim im Jahr 2004, als sie bei den Arabischen-Jugendmeisterschaften in Rabat in 4:28,58 min die Bronzemedaille im 1500-Meter-Lauf gewann. 2010 siegte sie in 32:51 min beim Singelloop Utrecht und wurde Vierte bei der Corrida de Houilles. In den folgenden Jahre war sie bei zahlreichen Straßenläufen und im Crosslauf aktiv, wurde aber 2015 des Dopings überführt und all ihre Ergebnisse zwischen 2011 und 2015 wurden ihr abererkannt. Nach Ablauf ihrer Sperre siegte sie 2019 in 1:09:46 h beim San Sebastián-Halbmarathon und in 1:12:155 h beim Chongqing International Women's Half Marathon. 2021 startete sie im Marathonlauf bei den Olympischen Spielen in Sapporo und gelangte dort mit 2:40:10 h auf Rang 56. Im Jahr darauf siegte sie in 1:11:11 h beim Marrakesch-Halbmarathon und gewann anschließend in 1:14:05 h die Bronzemedaille bei den Mittelmeerspielen in Oran hinter der Italienerin Giovanna Epis und ihrer Landsfrau Hanane Qallouj. Daraufhin gelangte sie bei den Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya mit 34:07,23 min auf Rang vier über 10.000 Meter. 2023 siegte sie in 1:15:00 h im Halbmarathon bei den Arabischen Meisterschaften in Marrakesch. Im August wurde sie bei den Weltmeisterschaften in Budapest nach 22:33:54 h 25. im Marathon und im Oktober gelangte sie bei den Straßenlauf-Weltmeisterschaften in Riga mit 1:!0:49 h auf den 21. Platz im Halbmarathon.

Persönliche Bestleistungen
 1500 Meter: 4:13,69 min, 22. Juni 2008 in Casablanca
 3000 Meter: 8:56,23 min, 14. Juni 2008 in Rabat
 5000 Meter: 15:55,04 min, 7. April 2021 in Rabat
 Halbmarathon: 1:10:49 h, 1. Oktober 2023 in Riga
 Marathon: 2:26:51 h, 30. April 2023 in Rabat

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

10.000-Meter-Läufer (Marokko)
Halbmarathonläufer (Marokko)
Marathonläufer (Marokko)
Olympiateilnehmer (Marokko)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2020
Teilnehmer der Mittelmeerspiele 2022
Teilnehmer an den Islamic Solidarity Games
Dopingfall in der Leichtathletik
Doping in Marokko
Marokkaner
Geboren 1988
Frau

Rkia el-Moukim


Genicularia, rod parožina iz porodice Gonatozygaceae, dio reda Desmidiales. Postoje tri taksonomski priznate vrste; tipična je slatkovodna alga G.spirotaenia

Vrste
 Genicularia americana W.B.Turner
 Genicularia elegans West & G.S.West
 Genicularia spirotaenia (De Bary) De Bary

Izvori

Desmidiales

Genicularia


Les Asans ou Assans étaient un peuple de langue iénisseïenne présent en Sibérie. Aux 18e et 19e siècles, ils sont assimilés par les Evenks, un autre peuple de Sibérie de langue toungounse. Ils parlaient le assan, un dialecte du kotte.

Notes et références

 Wixman, Ronald. Les peuples de l'URSS : un manuel ethnographique . (Armonk, New York : ME Sharpe, Inc, 1984) p. 14

Groupe ethnique en Russie
Peuple de Sibérie

Asan (peuple)


17061 Tegler este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
17061 Tegler este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa în cadrul programului LONEOS. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,54 ua, o excentricitate de 0,16 și o înclinație de 4,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 17001-18000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

17061 Tegler


August Holmgren (født 22. april 1998 i Helsingør) er en dansk tennisspiller, der repræsenterer Gentofte Tennisklub og Danmarks Davis Cup-hold.

Holmgren blev 15. juli 2018 danmarksmester i single for første gang i karrieren, efter en finalesejr over Holger Vitus Nødskov Rune. I 2016 tabte han DM-finalen til klubkammerat Christian Sigsgaard.

Challenger og World Tennis Tour finaler

Singles: 5 (2–3)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 August Holmgrens hjemmeside

Tennisspillere fra Danmark
Personer fra Helsingør

August Holmgren


The Ekavyāvahārika (; ) was one of the early Buddhist schools, and is thought to have separated from the Mahāsāṃghika sect during the reign of Aśoka.

History

Relationship to Mahāsāṃghika
Tāranātha viewed the Ekavyāvahārikas, Lokottaravādins, and Gokulikas as being essentially the same. He even viewed Ekavyāvahārika as being a general term for the Mahāsāṃghikas. The Ekavyāvahārikas, Gokulikas, and Lokottaravādins are the three groups that emerged from the first split in the Mahāsāṃghika sect. A.K. Warder notes that the Ekavyāvahārikas were hardly known in later times and may have simply have been considered part of the Mahāsāṃghika.

Early history
The 6th century CE Indian monk Paramārtha wrote that 200 years after the parinirvāṇa of the Buddha, much of the Mahāsāṃghika school moved north of Rājagṛha, and were divided over whether the Mahāyāna teachings should be incorporated formally into their Tripiṭaka. According to this account, they split into three groups based upon the relative manner and degree to which they accepted the authority of these Mahāyāna texts. According to Paramārtha, the Ekavyāvahārikas accepted the Mahāyāna sūtras as the words of the Buddha (buddhavacana).

Doctrines

Forty-eight theses
The Samayabhedoparacanacakra of Vasumitra regards the Ekavyāvahārikas, Gokulikas, and Lokottaravādins as being doctrinally indistinguishable. According to Vasumitra, 48 theses were held in common by these three Mahāsāṃghika sects. Of the 48 special theses attributed by the Samayabhedoparacanacakra to these sects, 20 points concern the supramundane nature of buddhas and bodhisattvas. According to the Samayabhedoparacanacakra, these four groups held that the Buddha is able to know all dharmas in a single moment of the mind. Yao Zhihua writes:

Trascendent speech
The name of the Ekavyāvahārikas refers to their doctrine that the Buddha speaks with a single and unified transcendent meaning. They emphasized the transcendence of the Buddha, asserting that he was eternally enlightened and essentially non-physical. Just as the words of the Buddha were held to be spoken with one transcendent meaning, the Four Noble Truths were understood to be perfectly realized with one wisdom.

Fundamentally pure mind
The Ekavyāvahārikas held that sentient beings possessed an originally or fundamentally pure mind, but that it has been encumbered and obscured by suffering. This conception of the nature of the mind as being fundamentally the same as that of the Buddha, has been identified with the Mahāyāna doctrines of Buddha-nature and the Buddha's Dharmakāya, as well as compared favorably with doctrines in Mahāyāna sūtras such as the Lotus Sūtra and the .

References

See also
 Early Buddhist schools
 Nikaya Buddhism
 Schools of Buddhism

Nikaya schools
Mahāsāṃghika
Early Buddhist schools

Ekavyāvahārika


The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been included. Additionally, the award was formerly awarded to members of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.

History
The award was originally created in 1901 as the Conspicuous Service Cross, for award to warrant and subordinate officers, including midshipmen, ineligible for the Distinguished Service Order. It was renamed the Distinguished Service Cross in October 1914, eligibility being extended to all naval officers (commissioned and warrant) below the rank of lieutenant commander.

From March 1915, foreign officers of equivalent rank in allied navies could receive honorary awards; in August 1916, bars were introduced to reward further acts of gallantry meriting the Cross, with a silver rosette worn on the ribbon when worn alone, to denote the award of each bar. During World War I, officers of the Merchant and Fishing Fleets had been awarded the DSC, and their eligibility was legally clarified by an order in council in 1931.

World War II saw a number of changes. In December 1939, eligibility was extended to Naval Officers of the rank of Commander and Lieutenant-Commander. In April 1940, equivalent ranks in the Royal Air Force serving with the Fleet could receive the DSC, and, from November 1942, so could those in the Army aboard defensively equipped merchant ships.

Since the 1993 review of the honours system, as part of the drive to remove distinctions of rank in awards for bravery, the Distinguished Service Medal, formerly the third-level decoration for ratings, has been discontinued. The DSC now serves as the third-level award for gallantry at sea for all ranks, not to the standard required to receive the Victoria Cross or the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross.

The DSC had also been awarded by Commonwealth countries; however, by the 1990s, most of these—including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand—were establishing their own honours systems and no longer recommended British honours.

Recipients are entitled to the post-nominal "DSC".

Description
The DSC is a plain silver cross with rounded ends, with a width of  and with the following design:
 The obverse has a circular centre containing the Royal Cypher of the reigning monarch at the time of award surmounted by a crown.
 The reverse is plain apart from the hallmark, and the ribbon is attached via a hallmarked silver ring. From 1940, the year of issue was engraved on lower limb of cross, and since 1984 it has been awarded named to the recipient.
 The ribbon has three equal stripes of dark blue, white, and dark blue.
 The ribbon bar denoting a further award is plain silver, with convex ends and a central crown.

Recipients

Numbers awarded
Since 1901 at least 6,658 Crosses and 603 bars have been awarded. The dates below reflect the relevant London Gazette entries:

A number of honorary awards were made to members of allied foreign forces, including 151 for World War I, and 228 (with 12 first bars and 2 second bars) for World War II. Eight honorary awards were made in 1955 to members of the US Navy for service in Korea.

The above table includes awards to the Dominions:In all, 199 DSCs have gone to those serving with Canadian forces, with 34 first bars and five second bars. It was replaced in 1993 by the Medal of Military Valour.
182 were awarded to Australians, in addition to 13 first bars and three second bars. Last awarded to an Australian in 1972, it was replaced in 1991 by the Medal for Gallantry.

Four-time recipient
Only one person has ever been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross four times. Norman Eyre Morley served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War I and World War II. He was awarded the DSC for the first time in 1919. He was awarded his second DSC in 1944. He was awarded the DSC a further two times in 1945. He gained an entry into the Guinness Book of Records as the most decorated reserve naval officer.

List of three-time recipients
 Sir Robert Atkinson, served in the Royal Navy during World War II
 Patrick Bayly, served in the Royal Navy and rose to the rank of vice admiral
 Richard Gatehouse, served in the Royal Navy during World War II and later during the Korean War
 George Onslow Graham, served in the Royal Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy
 Robert Peverell Hichens, served in the Royal Navy during World War II and was later recommended unsuccessfully for the Victoria Cross
 Geoffrey John Kirkby, served in the Royal Navy during World War II. Awarded DSC in 1940, 1942 and 1944

 Thomas Le Mesurier, served in the Royal Air Force during World War I as a flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. Awarded DSC twice in 1917 and in 1918
 George James Macdonald, served in the Royal New Zealand Navy
 Richard Minifie, served in the Royal Naval Air Service during World War I. Awarded DSC in twice in 1917 and in 1918
 Stanley Orr, served in the Royal Navy during World War II. Awarded DSC in 1940, 1941, and 1944
 Peter Piper, served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War II. Awarded DSC in 1939 and twice in 1941
 Jack Scatchard, served in the Royal Navy during World War II and the Cold War
 Skule Storheill, served in the Royal Norwegian Navy and attached to the Royal Navy during World War II
 Bob Whinney, served in the Royal Navy during World War II. Awarded DSC thrice in 1944

Collective award
In 1919, the Distinguished Service Cross was awarded to the City of Dunkirk for the gallant behaviour of its citizens during World War I, and the Cross appears in the coat of arms of the city.

See also
 Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross
 British and Commonwealth orders and decorations

Notes and references

Bibliography
 Current Royal Warrant for the Distinguished Service Cross, 17 September 2002. London Gazette.
 Abbott, Peter and Tamplin, John – British Gallantry Awards, 2nd edition (1981). Nimrod Dix and Co, London. ()
 Dorling, H. Taprell – Ribbons and Medals, (1956). A. H. Baldwin & Son
 Duckers, Peter – British Gallantry Awards 1855–2000, (2011). Shire Publications, Risborough, Buckinghamshire. ()
 Mussell, J (ed) – Medals Yearbook 2015, (2014). Token Publishing, Honiton, Devon. ()

Military awards and decorations of the United Kingdom

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)


Sidste kapitel - om aldringens vilkår er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Gunvor Bjerre efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Forfatteren, lægen og samfundsdebattøren Tage Voss er trods sine 90 år stadig knivskarp i hovedet og i pennen. Med morbid humor og usentimental realisme – men også med vemod – fortæller han til instruktøren Gunvor Bjerre og sit barnebarn Susanne om hvordan kroppens hylster forfalder, om sanserne, der kun er et fjernt minde, om hvordan hjemmets forfald langsomt sniger sig ind på ham, ikke mindst musene, der kommer ind allevegne i hans lille hus på Falster.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2008
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Sidste kapitel - om aldringens vilkår


Ivana Božović (født 28. januar 1991 i Podgorica) er en montenegrinsk håndboldspiller, som spiller for CS Măgura Cisnădie i Rumænien og Montenegros håndboldlandshold.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Montenegro
Personer fra Podgorica
Håndboldspillere fra CS Măgura Cisnădie

Ivana Božović


Sancho V puede hacer referencia a:

 Sancho V de Vasconia (Sancho Sánchez, f. 961), duque de Vasconia (950-961).
 Sancho V de Pamplona (Sancho Ramírez, 1043–1094), rey de Aragón (1063–1094), y rey de Pamplona (1076–1094).

Sancho V


Roncus ladestani est une espèce de pseudoscorpions de la famille des Neobisiidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique de Croatie. Elle se rencontre sur Lastovo dans la grotte Jama višje Zađa.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite par Dimitrijević et Ćurčić en 2021.

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, Ladestanos.

Publication originale
 Ćurčić, Rađa, Dimitrijević, Ćurčić & Ćurčić, 2021 : « Roncus ladestani n. sp. and R. pecmliniensis n. sp., two new pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. » Zoologichesky Zhurnal, , , .

Notes et références

Neobisiidae
Espèce de pseudoscorpions (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique de Croatie

Roncus ladestani


විශ්වයේ ජීව බල ශක්තිය (Universal Life Force Energy) උපයෝගී කරගෙන කරනු ලබන වෛද්‍ය ප්‍රතිකාර ලෙසින් ලෙසින් හැදින්විය හැකි අතර මේ එක් ක්‍රමවේදයක් පමණක් වේ.

කිසිදු ඔෘෂධ වර්ගයක් භාවිතයට නොගෙන විශ්වයේ ඇති ජීව බලශක්තිය (Universal Life Force Energy) උපයෝගී කර ගනිමින් කරනු ලබන ප්‍රතිකාර.මෙම ප්‍රතිකාර ක්‍රමය පිළිබදව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මුල්වරට හදුන්වා දෙනු ලබන්නේ වසර විසි දෙකක් ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුධ හමුදාවේ බළලත් නිළධාරියෙකු ලෙසින් සේවය කොට විශ්‍රාම ලබා සිටින එස් ජූඩ් සිල්වා විසිනි.දිනය 1918 ජනවාරි මස 22 වන දින සිට මේ පිළීබදව අධ්‍යයනය කරමින් එය සාර්ථක අන්දමින් පවත්වා මහගු ප්‍රතිපලයන් ලබා ගැනීමෙන් අනතුරුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මහජනතාව මෙන්ම ලෝකයේ මහජනතාවගේ හිතසුව පිණිස 2020 සැප්තැම්බර් මස 28 වෙනි සදුදා දින ප්‍රශිද්ධීයට පත් කරන ලදී.

විශ්වයේ ජීව බළ ශක්තියෙන් කරන ප්‍රතිකාර Healing Of Universal Life Force Energy


Dacrydium ericoides er sígrænt tré (um 10 til 17m hátt) frá Borneó.

Tilvísanir

Gagnviðarætt

Dacrydium ericoides


Tommaso Sgricci (1789-1836) fue un actor italiano, célebre por su talento de improvisación en la tragedia.

Biografía
Nacido en Castiglion Fiorentino, en la Toscana, en una familia modesta, Tommaso Sgricci fue uno de los últimos herederos de la tradición de los improvvisatori italianos. Practicaba la improvisación desde su infancia , consiguiendo vivir de su talento a partir de 1813, año en el que comenzó su vida de giras a lo largo y ancho de toda Italia, e incluso en el extranjero. Sabía crear la «poesía espontánea» como ningún otro, empleando un lenguaje poético italiano, compuesto de frases prefabricadas y acordadas, que interpretaba de forma espectacular en escena, declamando con tal rapidez que su auditorio no podía evaluar la calidad del verso.

Conseguía llenar teatros enteros y recibía una acogida delirante. Durante estos espectáculos, generalmente invitaba al auditorio a escribir temas sobre tarjetas: tras escoger una al azar, componía sobre el escenario una pieza entera en verso (pero sin rima) y recitaba todos los papeles. Durante una estancia en París en 1824, actuó delante de un grupo escogido e improvisó con éxito dos tragedias en cinco actos sobre los temas «Bianca Cappello» y la «Muerte de Carlos I». En 1825 improvisó delante del Gran Duque de Toscana una tragedia sobre la «Muerte de María Estuardo», con tal éxito que, en su entusiasmo, el Gran Duque le concedió una pensión de 2400 libras.

Su éxito le permitió no ocultar su homosexualidad y creó a su alrededor un perfume sulfuroso de escándalo que fascinaba al público. Lord Byron, que lo conció en Rávena, escribió en 1820: «Sgricci está aquí e improvisa con mucho éxito. También es un sodomita célebre, un personaje que está bien lejos de ser tan respetado en Italia como debería serlo, pero se ríen en lugar de gritarle, y las mujeres dicen que es una pena para un hombre de tal talento.»

El mayor escándalo se produjo en 1819, cuando en la cima de su gloria, fue a Roma para ser coronado poeta en el Capitolio, pero fue expulsado de los Estados Pontificios pocos días antes de ser honrado. La explicación oficial fue que habría criticado el gobierno del papa, pero las malas lenguas decían que habría «violado a Apolo por detrás.»

Con su carrera en declive, retornó en 1826 a Florencia, donde la protección del Gran Duque la garantizó la impunidad, a pesar de la vigilancia policial a la que fue sometido.

Fuentes

Giovanni Dall'Orto, «Sodoma all'improvviso», en Babilonia n°. 133 (mayo de 1995).
Pietro Giordani, «Dello Sgricci et degl'improvvisatori in Italia», en Opere, volumen 1, Florencia, 1851
Ugo Viviani, Un genio aretino, Tommaso Sgricci, poeta tragico e improvvisatore, Arezzo, 1928.
Carlo Pocci, «Sgricci Tommaso, cenni critico-biografici», en Rivista italiana del teatro, 15 de julio de 1943.

Enlaces externos

Actores de Italia
Actores gais
Personas homosexuales de Italia
Historia LGBT de Italia
Nacidos en Castiglion Fiorentino
Fallecidos en Arezzo

Tommaso Sgricci