Barthold Hartwig von Bülow (* 7. April 1611; † 19. November 1667 in Wolgast) war ein schwedischer General und Vizegouverneur von Schwedisch-Pommern.

Leben
Barthold Hartwig entstammte der Wedendorfer Linie des mecklenburgischen Adelsgeschlechts von Bülow. Er war der Sohn des Detleff von Bülow († 1662), Domdechant in Ratzeburg, und der Margareta von Schack († 1658). Sehr jung wurde er Page am mecklenburgischen Hof. Nach einer Reise durch die Niederlande, Frankreich, England und Polen trat er in den Dienst des Herzogs Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar.

Im Rang eines Hauptmanns nahm er 1634 an der Schlacht bei Nördlingen teil, wurde gefangen genommen und nach Wien gebracht. Auf Betreiben seines in kaiserlichen Diensten stehenden Verwandten Ulrich von Bülow und des Reichsvizekanzlers Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf wurde er aus der Gefangenschaft entlassen. Danach trat er in dänische und schließlich in schwedische Dienste. 1642 wurde er zum Oberstleutnant befördert. Im folgenden Jahr kommandierte er eine Eskadron, die aus der Altmark nach Lauenburg und Boizenburg zog. 1644 wurde zur Festung Dömitz entsandt, die vom schwedischen Gouverneur von Wismar, Erik Hansson, belagert wurde. Mit seiner Hilfe konnte die Festung eingenommen werden. Im selben Jahr nahm er das stark befestigte Schloss Hornburg ein und wurde danach zum Oberst befördert. Zum Kommandanten von Nördlingen ernannt, verteidigte er die Stadt 1647 über 17 Wochen gegen die kaiserlichen Truppen unter General Adrian von Enkevort. Nach dem Ende des Dreißigjährigen Krieges nahm er an den Verhandlungen des Nürnberger Exekutionstages 1649 bis 1650 teil. Danach reiste er nach Schweden, wo er eine Pension erhielt und sich auf eigenem Besitz in Hundorff niederließ.

Zu Beginn des Zweiten Nordischen Krieges mobilisierte König Karl X. Gustav sein Heer und ernannte Barthold Hartwig von Bülow zum Generalmajor. Er nahm an der Schlacht bei Warschau (1656) teil und wurde kurz danach zum Kommandanten von Thorn ernannt. Mit einer Besatzung von anfangs rund 2000 Mann widerstand er von Juli bis Dezember 1658 der Belagerung durch eine deutlich größere polnische Armee und deren Verbündeten. Am 30. Juli 1658 kapitulierten die Schweden und durften mit der verbliebenen Besatzung abziehen.

Nach Kriegsende wurde er zum Generalleutnant der Infanterie befördert sowie zum Oberbefehlshaber der Milizen in Schonen und zum Kommandanten von Malmö ernannt. Am 6. April 1664 wurde er zum Vizegouverneur von Schwedisch-Pommern ernannt und wenig später zum General der Infanterie befördert.

Er starb 1667 in Wolgast und wurde mit viel Pomp begraben.

Familie
Barthold Hartwig von Bülow war seit 1654 mit Abel Sophia von Plessen, die der mecklenburgischen Linie dieses Geschlechts entstammte, verheiratet; Abel Sophia war das erstgeborene Kind des Landrats Daniel von Plessen und seiner Ehefrau Dorothea Eleonore, geb. von Blumenthal. Die beiden hatten vier Töchter und einen Sohn, darunter:
 Margareta († 1735) ⚭ General Carl Leonhard Müller von der Lühne
 Barbara ⚭ General Karl Friedrich von Schlippenbach
 Anna ⚭ Johann von Grote
 Carl Gustav († 1686 vor Morea)

Literatur
 Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Ny Fjöld. Bd. 3, Örebro 1859–1860, S. 334–337. (Digitalisat).
 Bülow, Barthold Hartwig von. In: Neu-vermehrtes historisch- und geographisches allgemeines Lexicon. Bd. 2, J. Brandmüller, 1742, S. 287.
 Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch: Neues preussisches Adels-Lexicon, Band I. S. 327. (Digitalisat).
 Jacob Friedrich Joachim von Bülow-Klaber (Hrsg.): Mit Kupfern und vielen Urkunden versehene, historische genealogische und critische Beschreibung des Edlen,- Freyherr- und Gräflichen Geschlechts von Bülow. Tabelle III. Christian Gottlob Korn, Breslau, Neubrandenburg, Neustrelitz 1780, S. 89–90. (Digitalisat).

Weblinks
 Bernd Warlich: Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in Selbstzeugnissen, Chroniken und Berichten. Volkach. (Onlinefassung)

Einzelnachweise

General der Infanterie (Schweden)
Militärperson im Dreißigjährigen Krieg (Schweden)
Person im Zweiten Nordischen Krieg (Schweden)
Statthalter (Pommern)
Adliger (Schweden)
Barthold Hartwig
Geboren 1611
Gestorben 1667
Mann

Barthold Hartwig von Bülow


Die Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 7. Dezember 2018 wieder und umfasst dreizehn Baudenkmäler.

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Haidmühle

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Auersbergsreut

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Bischofsreut

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Frauenberg

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Leopoldsreut

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Schwarzenthal

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Theresienreut

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Haidmühle

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Haidmuhle
Baudenkmaler Haidmuhle

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Haidmühle


دويتشلاند (تعني الإمبراطورية الألمانية في الألمانية) هي سفينة بنيت في النرويج خصيصا لتبحر في المناطق القطبية.

بنيت السفينة تحت اسم بيورن وتم شراؤها من قبل فيلهلم فيلشنر بمساعدة ارنست شاكلتون، أوتو نوردنسكيولد وفريدجوف نانسن ليتم استخدامها أثناء بعثة فيلشنر في أنتاركتيكا بين عامي 1911 و1912. اعتقد فيلتشنر أن القارة كانت مشكلة من جزيرتين منفصلتين، وأمل عبورهما على متن دوتشلاند.

حين وصلت السفينة إلى بحر ويديل حوصرت بالجليد في 7 مارس 1912 في  ولم تتحرر الا في 26 نونبر في .

مرة أخرى في ألمانيا، بيعت السفينة لالإمبراطورية النمساوية لدورها في رحلة جديدة في أنتاركتيكا وسميت Österreich (النمسا باللغة الألمانية). في آب/أغسطس 1914، حين كانت على استعداد للإبحار من ميناء تريستا، توقفت قبل أندلاع الحرب العالمية الأولى.

بيعت السفينة لشركة النقل البحري في تريستا في مطلع عام 1918.

وصلات خارجية

بعثات القطب الجنوبي
القارة القطبية الجنوبية في 1911
القارة القطبية الجنوبية في 1912
العلم في 1911
العلم في 1912
بارك
حوادث بحرية في 1917
سفن 1905
سفن استكشاف
سفن القارة القطبية الجنوبية
سفن تحويت
عصر البطولات لاستكشاف القطب الجنوبي

دوتشلاند (قارب)


formerly shortened as HALKEN (derived from its native name), is a Japanese video game developer founded on 21 February 1980. While independent, it has been closely tied with Nintendo throughout its history, and is often referred to as a second-party developer for the company. HAL Laboratory is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and it also has a building at Kai, Yamanashi. The company got its name because "each letter put them one step ahead of IBM". The company is most famous for their work on the Kirby and Mother series, as well as the first two Super Smash Bros. games.

The logo, dubbed , depicts a dog incubating eggs, which has been in use since 1998.

History

HAL Laboratory started off making games for the MSX system and VIC-20. After financial strain brought on from the development of Metal Slader Glory (1991) for the Famicom, Nintendo offered to rescue HAL from bankruptcy on the condition that HAL employee Satoru Iwata was appointed as its president, which he became between 1993 and 2000. Iwata later became president of Nintendo.

The logo 'Inutamago' was commissioned in 1998 by then HAL Laboratory president, Satoru Iwata. This was handled by Shigesato Itoi who went through many different ideas. He went with the theme of 'an unexpected bond...one that brings the birth of something new' which would lead to the idea of a dog incubating eggs in a nest. The actual design was created by Mr. Akiyama of HAL. The design was indoctrinated by HAL Laboratory in 1998, although the reception at first was lukewarm.

In many of its games during the early to mid-1990s, it used the name HALKEN, derived from their Japanese name. Some of its early titles were also released as HAL America Inc. (HAI), a North American subsidiary of the company led by Yash Terakura and based in Beaverton, Oregon, USA.

In August 2001, HAL Laboratory and Nintendo established Warpstar, Inc. in a joint venture (where each part owns 50% of the company) with the objective to manage the Kirby IP along with its copyright, which the decision for the creation of the company was mainly for Kirby: Right Back at Ya! anime series. After the end of the anime, the company still exists and now works with license and supervision of the characters in games, merchandise and other media.

For years, the company's development center at Tokyo was located within the eighth floor of the Nintendo Tokyo Prefecture Building which itself is located Nihombashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, but in August 2003, the company announced that a restructuration was happening and that the development center at the building would be relocated to HAL's main office building in Kanda Suda-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. While this change happened on the Tokyo-based company, the Yamanashi part of HAL was unaffected by the changes of the company.

In 2017, HAL Laboratory announced that they would develop and self-publish games for mobile devices with the brand HAL Egg and focusing on completely new characters and franchises, with different types of design than what the developers of the company usually do. The first title launched by them was Part Time UFO. The company released a miniature version of the MZ-80C computer in October 2017 and a miniature version of the PC-8001 in October 2019

In 2020, HAL Laboratory updated their employee numbers from 169 to 195 and the company came back to the new Nintendo Tokyo Building with its main office and the Tokyo development studio being in the same building along with Nintendo EPD Tokyo, Nintendo PTD Tokyo, 1-Up Studio and Game Freak like a keiretsu. The studio in Yamanashi was unaffected by that move.

List of games

Nintendo systems

Nintendo Entertainment System
 Pinball – (1984) JP (1985) NA (1986) EU
 Golf – (1984) JP (1985) NA (1986) EU
 F1 Race – (1984) JP
 Mach Rider – (1985) JP (1986) NA (1987) EU
 Balloon Fight – (1985) JP (1986) NA (1987) EU
 Lot Lot – (1985) JP
 Othello – (1986) JP (1988) NA
 Joust – (1987) JP (1988) NA
 Defender II – (1987) JP (1988) NA
 Air Fortress – (1987) JP (1989) NA, EU
 Satsui no Kaisou: Power Soft Renzoku Satsujin Jiken (1988) JP
 Jumbo Ozaki no Hole in One Professional – (1988) JP
 Vegas Dream – (1988) JP (1990) NA
 Rollerball – (1988) JP (1990) NA
 Millipede – (1988) JP, NA
 Adventures of Lolo – (1989) NA (1991) EU
 Adventures of Lolo 2 – (1990) JP, NA (1991) EU
 Uchuu Keibitai SDF – (1990) JP
 Adventures of Lolo 3 – (1990) JP (1991) NA (1992) EU
 New Ghostbusters II – (1990) JP (1991) EU
 Kabuki Quantum Fighter – (1991) NA (1992) EU
 Metal Slader Glory – (1991) JP
 Day Dreamin' Davey – (1992) NA
 Kirby's Adventure – (1993) JP, NA, EU
 Skyscraper
 Joy Radar (RF hardware unit for wireless Audio/Video from the game unit to the monitor)

Family Computer Disk System
 Gall Force: Eternal Story (1986)
 Eggerland (1986)
 Fire Bam (1988)
 Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally (1988)
 Eggerland: Souzouhe no Tabidachi (1989)

Game Boy
 Revenge of the 'Gator – (1989) JP, NA, EU
 Shanghai – (1989) JP (1990) NA
 Ghostbusters II – (1989) EU (1990) JP, NA
 Trax – (1991) EU, JP, NA
 Kirby's Dream Land – (1992) JP, NA, EU
 Kirby's Pinball Land – (1993) JP, NA, EU
 Adventures of Lolo – (1994) JP (1995) EU
 Vegas Stakes – (1995) NA, EU
 Kirby's Dream Land 2 – (1995) JP, NA, EU
 Kirby's Star Stacker – (1997) JP, NA, EU

Super NES
 HAL's Hole in One Golf (1991)
 HyperZone (1991)
 Arcana (1992)
 NCAA Basketball (Super Dunk Shot in Japan and World League Basketball in Europe) (1992)
 Vegas Stakes (1993)
 Alcahest (1993)
 EarthBound (Mother 2 in Japan) - (co-developed with Ape, Inc) (1994) JP (1995) NA
 Kirby's Dream Course (1994) JP (1995) NA, EU
 Kirby Super Star (1996)
 Shigesato Itoi's No. 1 Bass Fishing (1997)
 Kirby's Dream Land 3 (1997)
 Kirby no Kirakira Kizzu (1998)
 Metal Slader Glory: Director's Cut (2000)

Nintendo 64
 Super Smash Bros. (1999)
 Pokémon Snap (1999)
 SimCity 64 (2000) JP (64DD)
 Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards (2000)
 Shigesato Itoi's No. 1 Bass Fishing: Definitive Edition (2000) JP
 EarthBound 64 – (cancelled)

Game Boy Color
 Pokémon Pinball – (1999) JP, NA, EU

GameCube
 Super Smash Bros. Melee (2001)
 Kirby Air Ride (2003)
 Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble 2 (cancelled)
 Kirby for Nintendo GameCube (cancelled)

Game Boy Advance
 Kirby: Nightmare in Dream Land – (2002) JP, NA (2003) EU
 Kirby & The Amazing Mirror (co-developed with Flagship) – (2004) JP, NA, EU
 Mother 3 (co-developed with Brownie Brown) – (2006) JP
 Battland – (cancelled)
 Luna Blaze – (cancelled)

Nintendo DS
 Kirby Canvas Curse – (2005) JP, NA, EU
 Common Sense Training – (2006) JP
 Kirby: Squeak Squad (co-developed with Flagship) – (2006) JP, NA (2007) EU
 Pokémon Ranger (co-developed with Creatures Inc.) – (2006) JP, NA, AUS (2007) EU
 Kirby Super Star Ultra – (2008) JP, NA, AUS (2009) EU
 Picross 3D – (2009) JP (2010) NA, EU
 Face Pilot (DSiWare) – (2010) JP, NA, EU
 Kirby Mass Attack – (2011) JP, NA, EU

Wii
 Minna no Joushiki Ryoku TV
 TV no Tomo G Guide for Wii (2008)
 Super Smash Bros. Brawl (co-developed with various other studios) – (2008)
 Kirby's Return to Dream Land (2011)
 Kirby's Dream Collection (2012)

Nintendo 3DS
 Face Raiders (2011)
 Kirby: Triple Deluxe (2014)
 Kirby Fighters Deluxe (2014)
 Dedede's Drum Dash Deluxe (2014)
 BoxBoy! (2015)
 Picross 3D: Round 2 (2015)
 BoxBoxBoy! (2016)
 Kirby: Planet Robobot (2016)
 Bye-Bye BoxBoy! (2017)
 Team Kirby Clash Deluxe (2017)
 Kirby's Blowout Blast (2017)
 Kirby Battle Royale (2017)

Wii U
 Kirby and the Rainbow Curse (2015)

Nintendo Switch
 Kirby Star Allies (2018)
 Super Kirby Clash (2019) (co-developed with Vanpool)
 BoxBoy! + BoxGirl! (2019)
 Kirby Fighters 2 (2020) (co-developed with Vanpool)
 Part Time UFO (2020)
 Kirby and the Forgotten Land (2022)
 Kirby's Dream Buffet (2022)
 Kirby's Return to Dream Land Deluxe (2023) (co-developed with Vanpool)

Other systems

VIC-20
 Alien
 Avenger (Space Invaders clone)
 Jelly Monsters (Pac-Man clone)
 Jupiter Lander (Lunar Lander clone)
 Mole Attack
 Money Wars
 Pin Ball (Cutie Q clone)
 Poker
 Radar Rat Race (Rally-X clone)
 Road Race (Night Driver clone)
 Slot Machine
 Star Battle (Galaxian clone programmed by Satoru Iwata; ex-CEO of Nintendo and HAL Laboratory)

MAX Machine/Commodore 64
 Avenger
 Billiards
 Bowling
 Clowns
 Gorf
 Jupiter Lander
 Kickman
 Le Mans
 Max Basic
 Mini Basic Max
 Mole Attack
 Money Wars
 Music Composer
 Music Machine
 Omega Race
 Pinball Spectacular (an adaptation of Bomb Bee)
 Poker
 Radar Rat Race
 Road Race
 Ski (aka Slalom)
 Super Alien
 Wizard of Wor

MSX
 Balance
 Butamaru Pants
 Cue Star
 Dragon Attack
 Dunk Shot
 Eggerland Mystery
 Eggerland 2
 Fruit Search
 Gall Force
 Heavy Boxing
 Hole in One
 Hole in One Professional
 Inside the Karamaru
 Inspecteur Z
 Mobile Planet Stillus/The Roving Planet Stillus
 Mr. Chin
 Pachipro Densetsu
 Picture Puzzle
 Rollerball
 Space Maze Attack
 Space Trouble
 Step Up
 Super Billiards
 Super Snake
 Swimming Tango
 Tetsuman

MSX2
 Hole in One Special
 Zukkoke Yajikita Onmitsudoutyuu
 Mr. Ninja – Ashura's Chapter

Windows
 Eggerland Episode 0: Quest of Rara
 Egger Land for Windows 95
 Revival! Eggerland

Mobile
 Part Time UFO (2017)
 Housuu de Shoubu! Kame Sanpo (2019)

Computer animation
 Pokémon: The Movie 2000 (CG Tool Development)

Notes

References

External links

Nintendo
Video game companies of Japan
Video game development companies
Video game publishers
Video game companies established in 1980
Super Smash Bros.
Kirby (series)
Mother (video game series)

HAL Laboratory


Organizarea militară  este structurarea forțelor armate ale unui  stat, astfel încât să se ofere capabilitatea militară cerută de politica de apărare națională. În unele țări forțele paramilitare sunt incluse în forțele armate ale națiunii, deși nu sunt considerate militare. Forțele armate, care nu fac parte din organizații militare sau paramilitare, cum ar fi forțele insurgente, imită de multe ori organizațiile militare, sau  folosesc ad-hoc structuri ca ale acestora.

Organizarea militară este ierarhică. Utilizarea de ranguri (grade) militare formalizate, într-o structură ierarhică a intrat pe scară largă în uz odată  cu Armata romană. În timpurile moderne, controlul executiv, conducerea și administrarea organizării militare este de obicei efectuată de către guvern printr-un  departament guvernamental în cadrul structurii administrației publice, de multe ori cunoscut ca Ministerul Apărării, Departamentul Apărării sau Departamentul de Război. Acestea gestionează Serviciile armate, care la rândul  lor comandă  acțiunile de luptă, de sprijin de luptă, formațiunile de servicii de sprijin și unitățile militare.

Comandă executivă, management și administrare
Controlul executiv, de obicei civil sau parțial civil, asupra organizației militare naționale se exercită în democrații de către un lider politic ales în calitate de membru al guvernului, cunoscut în mod obișnuit ca ministru al apărării. (În sistemele prezidențiale, cum ar fi Statele Unite ale Americii, președintele este comandant-șef, iar ministrul apărării la nivel de guvern este al doilea la comandă.) Subordonați aceastei poziții sunt adesea secretarii pentru diviziuni operaționale specifice majore ale forțelor armate în ansamblu.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Weber, Jeffrey A., Eliasson, Johan, Handbook of Military Administration, CRC Press, 2007

Legături externe
 https://www.crcpress.com/Handbook-of-Military-Administration/Weber-Eliasson/9781574445589
 http://www.globaldefence.net/artikel-analysen/5135-europa-deutschland-gliederungsformen-des-heeres.html]â
 Gliederung von Truppenteilen des Heeres

Vezi și

Forțe armate
Organizare militară
Unități militare

Unități de organizare militară


An Tillandsia walter-tillii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jason Randall Grant. An Tillandsia walter-tillii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia walter-tillii


est un fanzine de science-fiction canadien publié de 1974 à 1976 par Amanda Bankier à Hamilton, en Ontario. Il est généralement reconnu comme le premier fanzine explicitement féministe. Il a duré cinq numéros, le dernier étant un double numéro numéroté 5/6.

Bankier a été invitée à être invitée d'honneur du fandom de la science-fiction à la première convention de science-fiction féministe, la  WisCon du 11 au 13 février 1977, en raison de son rôle de pionnière en tant que rédactrice en chef de The Witch and the Chameleon.

Historique
Amanda Bankier lance un appel à participation pour lancer le magazine dans le Worldcon Progress Report. La première personne à répondre est Vonda N. McIntyre, qui produit une analyse d'un an de publications SF dans le troisième numéro en 1975. Bankier encourage les échanges et les débats à travers le courrier des lectrices et la colonnes des revues de livres. Un échange houleux devenu célèbre débute entre Marion Zimmer Bradley et Vonda N. McIntyre après que cette dernière ai publié une revue critique du livre La Planète aux vents de folie (en anglais : . McIntyre y accuse Marion Zimmer Bradley d'être antiféministe. Joana Russ prend le relais et les échanges entre Russ et Bradley se poursuivent durant toutes les publications ultérieures. Russ y examine les fondements culturels qui encouragent une écriture sexiste et raciste, tout en admettent que les changements ne peuvent qu'être graduels et s'effectuer pas à pas tout en s'assurant que tout le monde pousse dans la même direction. Marion Zimmer Bradley gardera toutefois un mauvais souvenir de ses interractions avec des féministes radicales.

Jennifer Bankier a publié un compte rendu de la World Science Fiction Convention qui s'est tenue en août 1974 à Washington, au cours de laquelle Katherine Kurtz s'est refusée à admettre un quelconque problème de discrimination des femmes dans le milieu de la science-fiction, en mettant le manque de représentation féminine sur le compte du manque de talent de ces dernières. Le compte rendu génère un flux de réponses, dont une lettre de 4 pages de Kate Wilhem.

Le fanzine cesse ses publications en raison de la surcharge de travail, mais sa place est bientôt reprise par Janus (magazine), qui démarre ses publications en 1975. Le magazine héberge les discussions pour l'organisation de la première Wiscon, la première et plus anciennes convention féministe de SF, qui se tient chaque année dans le Wisconsin. Amanda Bankier y est invitée d'honneur en tant que fondatrice du premier fanzine de science fiction féministe.

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Janus
 Science-fiction féministe
 Femmes dans les littératures de l'imaginaire

Liens externes

 Discours d'invité d'honneur d'Amanda Bankier au WisCon 1, 1977
 La Sorcière et le Caméléon sur Fanlore

Œuvre de science-fiction féministe
Littérature féministe

The Witch and the Chameleon


The prime minister of Abkhazia is the de facto head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is de jure part of Georgia.

History

Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba

While the presidency was held by one man – Vladislav Ardzinba – from 1994 to 2005, the position of prime minister changed hands a number of times during that time. It was created with the November 1994 adoption of the Constitution of Abkhazia, and Gennady Gagulia was appointed to the position in January 1995.

Government of President Sergei Bagapsh

After Sergei Bagapsh succeeded Ardzinba to the presidency in February 2005, he appointed Alexander Ankvab as Prime Minister. Ankvab was Bagapsh's vice presidential candidate in the 12 December 2009 presidential election, and as required by law, he was officially suspended from his post on 11 November and his duties were carried out by First Vice Premier Leonid Lakerbaia. Bagapsh and Ankvab won the election, and on 13 February 2010, Ankvab was succeeded by long-time minister for foreign affairs Sergei Shamba.

Government of President Alexander Ankvab

After Alexander Ankvab defeated Sergei Shamba in the 2011 presidential election, Leonid Lakerbaia became Prime Minister.

On 2 June 2014, Lakerbaia resigned as a result of the Abkhazian Revolution and Vice Premier Vladimir Delba was appointed acting prime minister.

Government of President Raul Khajimba

The 2014 presidential election was won by opposition leader Raul Khajimba, who on 29 September 2014 appointed Beslan Butba as the new prime minister. However, there were rumors of Butba's resignation almost since the beginning of his term, explained variously by a power struggle between Butba and Khajimba and by Butba's supposed bad performance as Prime Minister. Butba was finally dismissed by President Khajimba on 16 March 2015, and temporarily replaced by First Vice Premier Shamil Adzynba. In a press conference afterwards, Butba said that he had made Khajimba aware of his intention to resign. He claimed that the presidential administration had taken over many of the responsibilities of the prime minister, creating a 'second government'. On 20 March, Khajimba appointed MP and former United Abkhazia chairman Artur Mikvabia as Butba's successor.

Following a pending motion of no-confidence against him, the storming of the Interior Ministry by opposition activists and a failed referendum to bring about an early presidential election, Mikvabia announced his resignation as Prime Minister on 26 July 2016, accepted on the same day by Khajimba. In an interview with Caucasian Knot, Mikvabia stated that the strong unrest in society was being caused by the government's efforts to structurally improve the financial situation of Abkhazia through measures such as the introduction of VAT, that he did not want to work under conditions where society itself hindered development and that he hoped his resignation would defuse tensions. Khajimba again appointed Adzynba as acting prime minister. On 5 August, he appointed newly-appointed presidential administration head Beslan Bartsits as the new Prime Minister.

List of prime ministers of Abkhazia

Timeline

See also

President of Abkhazia

References

Politics of Abkhazia
Abkhazia, Prime Minister of

Prime Minister of Abkhazia


Danmarks Landbrug er en dansk propagandafilm fra 1921 med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
Det er hårdt arbejde for de jyske landmænd at få opdyrket hedens jord. Tørv bruges til opvarmning. Den udgraves med stråler af vand, der gør den flydende, så den kan pumpes gennem en kilometerlang rørledning, der fører tørvevællingen til en flad mark. Her tørrer den og kan udskæres med maskine, trukket af traktor. Hovedsageligt er redskaberne dog drevet af hesteforspand - der pløjes og høstes. Hundegræs sås i rækker, der radrenses med roehakker. Skadelige insekter fjernes fra afgrøden med store net, der er spændt på hest. Kålhoveder dyrkes i store drivhuse. Forædling af kulturplanter er en anden vigtig eksportvare. Frøavl og frørensning foregår på Hartmanns frølager i Glostrup. Der er 200.000 landbrug. 90% af bønderne er selvejere, her i blandt mange husmandsbrug, fordi herregårdsjordene er blevet udstykket efter 1919. På højskolerne kan landboungdommen få suppleret med åndelig føde. På Landbrugsskolerne kan de videreuddanne sig, og på Gymnastikhøjskolen i Ollerup kan de få den fysiske dimension med. Til slut demonstreres de gode danske hesteracer, bl.a. Oldenborgeren og Frederiksborghesten.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1921

Propagandafilm fra Danmark

Danmarks Landbrug


Nine Lives may refer to the common myth that cats have nine lives.

Nine Lives or 9 Lives may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media

Films
Nine Lives (1957 film), or Ni Liv, a Norwegian film
Nine Lives (2002 film), a horror film
Unstoppable (2004 film), an American action film also released under the title Nine Lives
Nine Lives (2005 film), an American drama film
Nine Lives (2016 film), a French comedy film

Literature
"Nine Lives" (novelette), 1969 science fiction novelette by Ursula K. Le Guin
Nine Lives, 1959 autobiography of the Battle of Britain pilot Alan Christopher Deere
Batman: Nine Lives, a 2002 graphic novel
Garfield: His 9 Lives, a 1984 collection of illustrated short stories
Nine Lives: In Search of the Sacred in Modern India, a 2009 travel book by William Dalrymple
The 9 Lives (manga), an Original English-language manga

Music

Albums
9 Lives (AZ album), 2001
9 Lives (Kat DeLuna album), 2007
9 Lives (Pandora album), 2003
Nine Lives (Aerosmith album), 1997
Nine Lives (Deuce album), 2012
Nine Lives (Last Autumn's Dream album), 2012
Nine Lives (Robert Plant album), 2006
Nine Lives (Bonnie Raitt album), 1986
Nine Lives (REO Speedwagon album), 1979
Nine Lives (Steve Winwood album), 2008
Nine Lives (Von Hertzen Brothers album), 2013

Songs
"9 Lives" (Alexandra Stan song), 2017
"9 Lives", by Machine Gun Kelly from Mainstream Sellout
"Nine Lives" (Aerosmith song), 1997
"Nine Lives", by Def Leppard from Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008)
"Nine Lives", by Edguy from Tinnitus Sanctus (2008)
"Nine Lives", by Black Grape from Pop Voodoo (2017)

Television
"9 Lives", an episode of television series Psych
"Nine Lives", an episode of the first season of Kung Fu

Video games
9 Lives (video game), a 1990 platform game

Other uses
 9 lives, a line of Eveready batteries
9Lives, a pet food brand

See also
9 (disambiguation)

Nine Lives


En smørekniv er en uskarp kniv uden savtakker med afrundet spids, der bruges til at smøre smør ud på brød under et måltid. Den adskiller sig fra bordknive ved kun at bruges til smørret, og ikke til det øvrige måltid, for at undgå at forurene smørret med andre madvarer. Hvis der ikke er en smørekniv på bordet anvendes bordkniven som oftest i stedet. Smøreknive kan være en del af bestikket, som indgår i formel borddækning, og vil ofte ligge på en separat lille tallerken til venstre for den primære tallerken.

Smøreknive er normalt fremstillet i metal, eksempelvis rustfrit stål eller sølv, men kan også udføres i andre materialer som træ eller plastik. Kniven er mindre end bordknive.

Referencer

Smør
Køkkenknive

Smørekniv


Hoth, Yıldız Savaşları filminde asilerin Lord Darth Vader'den saklanmak ve hazırlanmak için üs kurdukları buz gezegenidir. Aynı adı alan sistemin altıncı gezegenidir.

Yıldız Savaşları gezegenleri
Buz
Kurgusal karasal gezegenler

Hoth


The Saudi riyal ( ) is the currency of  Saudi Arabia. It is abbreviated as
SAR, or SR (Saudi Arabian Riyal/Saudi Riyal). It is subdivided into 100 halalas ( ). The currency is pegged to the US dollar at a constant rate of exchange.

History

The riyal has been the currency of Saudi Arabia since the country came into being and was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was created, one of the primary currencies in the Mediterranean region during the Ottoman era. The Hejaz riyal was based on but not equivalent to the Ottoman 20 kuruş coin and was consequently divided into 20 qirsh. However, although the Hejaz riyal was the same weight as the Ottoman 20 kuruş, it was minted in .917 fineness, compared to .830 fineness for the Ottoman coin. Thus, because the first Saudi riyal had the same specifications as the Hejaz riyal and circulated alongside Ottoman coins, it came to be worth 22 Ottoman kuruş and was consequently subdivided into 22 ghirsh when coins denominated in qirsh were issued from 1925. The system remained even though the riyal was subsequently debased to a coin equivalent, in silver content, to the Indian rupee in 1935.

In 1960, the system was changed to 20 qirsh to a riyal, which was followed in 1963 by the introduction of the halala, one hundredth of a riyal. Some Saudi coins still bear denominations in qirsh, but it is no longer commonly used.

Historical exchange rates

Coins

In 1925, transitional copper coins for  and  qirsh (in some parts of the country, it is pronounced girsh) were minted in Mecca by Ibn Saud. They were followed, in 1926, by ,  and 1 qirsh cupro-nickel pieces carrying the title "King of Hejaz and Sultan of Nejd".

In 1927, the royal title was changed to "King of Hejaz and Nejd and Dependencies" and coins were issued in denominations of ,  and 1 qirsh in cupro-nickel and ,  and 1 riyal in silver.

In 1935, the first coins were issued in the name of Saudi Arabia. These were silver ,  and 1 riyal coins which were nearly 50% lighter than the previous issue. Cupro-nickel ,  and 1 qirsh were also issued from 1937. In 1946 (AH 1365), many of the cupro-nickel coins were countermarked with the Arabic numerals 65 in what Krause and Mishler describe as "a move to break money changers' monopoly on small coins". Cupro-nickel 2 and 4 qirsh were introduced in 1957.

In 1963, the halala was introduced, and bronze 1 halala coins were issued. That was the only year they were struck. Cupro-nickel 5, 10, 25 and 50 halala followed in 1972, inscribed with their denomination in ghirsh or riyal (1, 2 qirsh, ,  riyal). In 1976, cupro-nickel 1 riyal coins were introduced, which are also inscribed with the denomination 100 halala. Bimetallic 1 riyal coins, also marked 100 halala, were issued in 1999.

A new series of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 halalas and bimetallic 1 and 2 riyal coins was issued in 2016.

Banknotes

In 1953, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) began issuing Hajj Pilgrim Receipts for 10 riyals, with 1 and 5 riyals following in 1954 and 1956, respectively. These resembled banknotes and were initially intended for use by pilgrims who exchanged foreign currency for them. However, they became widely accepted in Saudi Arabia and largely replaced silver riyal coins in major financial transactions. Consequently, the Monetary Agency began issuing regular banknotes for 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 riyals on 15 June 1961. The Pilgrim Receipts were withdrawn on 1 February 1965.

500 Riyal notes were introduced in 1983. 20 and 200 riyal banknotes were issued in 2000 to commemorate the centenary of the founding of what became the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The 5th series of banknotes bearing the face of King Abdullah were issued in 2007. The 6th series of banknotes bearing the face of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud were issued on 14/3/1438H (13/12/2016).

Series 5

On May 20, 2007, "the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, pursuant to article (4) of the Saudi Currency Law, issued under the Royal Decree No. (6) and dated 1/7/1379H." announced the fifth domination of the Saudi riyal that features King Abdullah's picture on all notes except the 500 riyals, which features King Abdulaziz. The 100 and 50 riyal notes were released on May 21, 2007. The 10 and 5 riyal notes followed in June 2007, then the 500 riyal followed in September 2007, and finally the 1 riyal note completed the series in December 2007. It is expected by the SAMA that the fourth (current) series will take approximately two years to phase out, although a complete removal of the current series require more than two years since the fourth series has been in circulation for well over 25 years. The fourth series which feature King Fahd's picture will remain legal tender under the Saudi Arabian monetary law. The new series have the latest and most advanced security system to prevent from counterfeiting and other similar activities.

Series 6 (2016 series)
The newly renamed Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority unveiled a new family of banknotes with the portrait of King Salman on banknotes from 5 to 100 riyals, with a portrait of King Abdulaziz Al Saud on the 500 riyals banknote. On the 4 October 2020, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority announced the first polymer note to be used in Saudi Arabia, being the 5 riyals note, to replace the current paper banknote, without any announcement on the other banknotes. The banknote was said to feature more environmentally friendly materials and additional security features, in addition to a much longer lifespan.

The commemorative 20 riyal note, released in 2020 to commemorate the G20, attracted attention on release, as its reverse depicts the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir as a separate nation from India. While this design feature was met with criticism in most of India, it was received favourably by people in Kashmir and on social media, as it was viewed as a tacit form of approval of the region's separatism movement.

Fixed exchange rate
In June 1986, the riyal was officially pegged to the IMF's special drawing rights (SDRs). In practice, it is fixed at 1 U.S. dollar = 3.75 riyals, which translates to approximately 1 riyal = 0.266667 dollar. This rate was made official on January 1, 2003.

The riyal briefly rose to a 20-year high after the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates on September 18, 2007, and the SAMA chose not to follow suit, partially due to concerns about the inflationary effects low interest rates and a lower value for the riyal. The riyal returned to its peg against the U.S. dollar in early December 2007.

Proposed monetary union

Saudi Arabia is a member of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, which planned a monetary union with a single currency by 2010. However, all GCC countries operate with their own currency so far.

See also
 Banks in Saudi Arabia
 Economy of Saudi Arabia

References

External links
 Saudi banknotes From the first edition to the special edition.
 http://www.islamicbanknotes.com/

Currencies of Saudi Arabia
Fixed exchange rate

Saudi riyal


Elmer Elbert Barlow (18 mai 1887 - 26 juin 1948) est un juriste américain du Wisconsin.

Né à Arcadia, Wisconsin, Barlow obtient son baccalauréat et son diplôme de droit à l'Université du Wisconsin en 1909. Il pratique le droit à La Crosse, Wisconsin, puis est nommé conseiller exécutif du gouverneur du Wisconsin.

Il épouse Kate Clausen avec qui il deux enfants, Robert et Elizabeth. Sa première femme décéde en 1930, et il se remarie en 1937 avec Anna Wohlgenant.

En 1945, Barlow est élu à la Cour suprême du Wisconsin. Il meurt en  en 1948 d'une crise cardiaque.

Notes et références

Naissance en mai 1887
Décès en juin 1948
Étudiant de l'université du Wisconsin à Madison
Juge américain
Naissance dans le comté de Trempealeau
Décès à 61 ans

Elmer E. Barlow


Alan Walbridge Ladd (September 3, 1913 – January 29, 1964) was an American actor and film producer. Ladd found success in film in the 1940s and early 1950s, particularly in films noir and Westerns. He was often paired with Veronica Lake in films noir, such as This Gun for Hire (1942), The Glass Key (1942), and The Blue Dahlia (1946). Whispering Smith (1948) was his first Western and color film, and Shane (1953) was noted for its contributions to the genre. Ladd also appeared in ten films with William Bendix.

His other notable credits include Two Years Before the Mast (1946) and The Great Gatsby (1949). His popularity diminished in the mid-1950s, though he continued to appear in numerous films, including his first supporting role since This Gun for Hire in the smash hit The Carpetbaggers released in 1964. He died of an accidental combination of alcohol, a barbiturate, and two tranquilizers in January 1964.

Biography
Ladd was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas, on September 3, 1913. He was the only child of Ina Raleigh (also known as Selina Rowley) (1888–1937), and Alan Ladd (1874–1917), a freelance accountant. His mother was English, from County Durham, and had migrated to the U.S. in 1907 when she was 19. His father died of a heart attack when Ladd was four. On July 3, 1918, young Alan accidentally burned down the family home while playing with matches. His mother moved to Oklahoma City, where she married Jim Beavers, a house painter (d. 1936).

In the early 1920s an economic downturn led to Ladd's family moving to California, which took four months. They lived in a migrant camp in Pasadena, California, at first and then moved to the San Fernando Valley, where Beavers went to work at FBO Studios as a painter.

Ladd enrolled in North Hollywood High School on February 18, 1930. He became a high-school swimming and diving champion and participated in high school dramatics in his senior year, including the role of Ko-Ko in The Mikado. His diving skills led to his appearance in the aquatic show Marinella in July 1933.

Early career
Ladd's performance in The Mikado was seen by a talent scout. In August 1933 Ladd was one of a group of young "discoveries" signed to a long-term contract with Universal Pictures. The contract had options that could continue for seven years, but they were all in the studio's favour. Ladd appeared unbilled in Once in a Lifetime (1932), but the studio eventually decided Ladd was too blond and too short, and it dropped him after six months. (All of Ladd's fellow "discoveries" eventually were dropped, including a young Tyrone Power.)

At 20, Ladd graduated from high school on February 1, 1934. He worked in the advertising department of the San Fernando Sun Valley Record, becoming the newspaper's advertising manager. When the paper changed hands, Ladd lost his job. He sold cash registers and borrowed $150 to open his own hamburger and malt shop, across from his previous high school, which he called Tiny's Patio (his nickname at high school was Tiny), but he was unable to make a success of the shop.

In another attempt to break into the film industry, Ladd went to work at Warner Bros. as a grip and stayed two years. He was injured falling off a scaffold and decided to quit.

Ladd managed to save and borrow enough money to attend an acting school run by Ben Bard, who had taught him when he was under contract at Universal. Ladd appeared in several stage productions for Bard. Bard later claimed Ladd "was such a shy guy he just wouldn't speak up loud and strong. I had to get him to lower his voice too; it was too high. I also insisted that he get himself a decent set of dentures."

In 1936, Ladd played an unbilled role in Pigskin Parade. He had short-term stints at MGM and RKO and got regular professional acting work only when he turned to radio. Ladd had worked to develop a rich, deep voice ideal for that medium, and in 1936 he was signed by station KFWB as its sole radio actor. He stayed for three years at KFWB, working as many as 20 shows per week.

Earning an agent
One night Ladd was playing the roles of a father and son on radio when he was heard by the agent Sue Carol. She was impressed and called the station to talk to the actors and was told it was one person. She arranged to meet him and, impressed by his looks, she signed him to her books and enthusiastically promoted her new client in films as well as on radio. Ladd's first notable part under Carol's management was the 1939 film Rulers of the Sea, in which he played a character named Colin Farrell, at $250 per week. He also received attention for a small part in Hitler – Beast of Berlin (1939).

Ladd tested unsuccessfully for the lead in Golden Boy (1939) but obtained many other small roles in films such as the serial The Green Hornet (1940), Her First Romance (1940), The Black Cat (1941), and the Disney film The Reluctant Dragon (1941). Most notably, he had a small uncredited part in Citizen Kane, playing a newspaper reporter toward the end of the film.

Ladd's career gained extra momentum when he was cast in a featured role in Joan of Paris (1942), a wartime drama made at RKO. It was only a small part, but it involved a touching death scene that brought him attention within the industry. RKO eventually offered Ladd a contract at $400 per week. However, he soon received a better offer from Paramount.

This Gun for Hire and stardom

Paramount had owned the film rights to A Gun for Sale, a novel by Graham Greene, since 1936 but waited until 1941 before making a movie out of it, changing the title to This Gun for Hire. Director Frank Tuttle was struggling to find a new actor to play the role of Raven, a hit man with a conscience. Ladd auditioned successfully, and Paramount signed him to a long-term contract in September 1941 for $300 per week. The New York Times wrote that:

Tuttle and the studio are showing more than a passing enthusiasm for Ladd. He has been trying to get a foothold in pictures for eight years, but received no encouragement, although he tried every angle known to town—extra work, bit parts, stock contracts, dramatic schools, assault of the casting offices. Sue Carol, the former silent star who is now an agent, undertook to advance the youth's career two years ago, and only recently could she locate an attentive ear. Then, the breaks began.

According to author David Thomson in 1975, "Once Ladd had acquired an unsmiling hardness, he was transformed from an extra to a phenomenon. Ladd's calm slender ferocity make it clear that he was the first American actor to show the killer as a cold angel." John Houseman later wrote that Ladd played "a professional killer with a poignant and desolate ferocity that made him unique, for a time, among the male heroes of his day."

Both the film and Ladd's performance played an important role in the development of the gangster genre: "That the old-fashioned motion picture gangster with his ugly face, gaudy cars, and flashy clothes was replaced by a smoother, better looking, and better dressed bad man was largely the work of Mr. Ladd." – The New York Times obituary (January 30, 1964).

Though the romantic lead went to established star Robert Preston, Ladd's teaming in support with female lead Veronica Lake captured the public's imagination. Their overnight sensation pairing continued in three more films and included three more in guest spots in wartime all-star Hollywood musical revues.

The Glass Key

Even during the filming of This Gun for Hire, Paramount knew it had a potential star and announced Ladd's next film, an adaptation of Dashiell Hammett's story, The Glass Key (1942). This had been a successful vehicle for George Raft several years earlier, and Paramount wanted "a sure-fire narrative to carry him on his way." There had also been talk Ladd would appear in Red Harvest, another story by Hammett, but this was never produced.

The movie was Ladd's second pairing with Lake, with Ladd offering confident support of Brian Donlevy—so confident he even ended up with Donlevy's girl. Ladd's cool, unsmiling, understated persona proved popular with wartime audiences, and he was voted by the Motion Picture Herald as one of the 10 "stars of tomorrow" for 1942. His salary was raised to $750 per week. According to critic David Shipman:
Paramount of course was delighted. The majority of stars were earmarked as such when they appeared on the horizon—from Broadway or from wherever they came; if it seemed unlikely that public acceptance would come with one film they were trained and built up: The incubation period was usually between two and five years. As far as Ladd was concerned, he was a small-part actor given a fat part faute de mieux, and after his second film for them, he had not merely hit the leading-men category, but had gone beyond it to films which were constructed around his personality.

Ladd then appeared in Lucky Jordan (1943), a lighter vehicle with Helen Walker, playing a gangster who tries to get out of war service and tangles with Nazis. His new status was reflected by the fact he was the only actor billed above the title. He had a cameo spoofing his tough guy image in Star Spangled Rhythm, which featured most of Paramount's stars, and then starred in China (1943) with Loretta Young for director John Farrow, with whom Ladd made a number of movies. Young did not like working with Ladd:

I found him petulant... I don't remember hearing him laugh, or ever seeing him laugh. Everything that concerned him was very serious... He had a certain screen personality... but as an actor... I never made any contact with him. He wouldn't look at me. He'd say "I love you...", and he'd be looking out there some place. Finally, I said "Alan, I'm he-ere!!"... I think he was very conscious of his looks. Alan would not look beyond a certain point in the camera because he didn't think he looked good... Jimmy Cagney was not tall but somehow Jimmy was at terms with himself, always. I don't think Alan Ladd ever came to terms with himself.
Ladd's next film was meant to be Incendiary Blonde, opposite Betty Hutton, but he was inducted into the army on January 18, after reprising his performance in This Gun for Hire on radio for Lux Radio Theatre.

Army service
Ladd briefly served in the U.S. Army Air Forces' First Motion Picture Unit. Initially, he was classified 4-Funfit for military service because of stomach problemsbut he later enlisted for military service on January 19, 1943. He was posted to the Walla Walla Army Air Base at Walla Walla, Washington, attaining the rank of corporal. He attended the Oscars in March 1943, and in September he appeared in a trailer promoting a war loan drive titled Letter from a Friend.

While Ladd was in the armed services, a number of films that had been announced for him were postponed and/or made with different actors, including Incendiary Blonde, The Story of Dr. Wassell, Ministry of Fear, and The Man in Half Moon Street. Paramount started promoting Ladd replacements, such as Sonny Tufts and Barry Sullivan. Old Ladd films were reissued with his being given more prominent billing, such as Hitler, Beast of Berlin. He was reportedly receiving 20,000 fan letters per week. The New York Times reported that "Ladd in the brief period of a year and with only four starring pictures to his credit... had built up a following unmatched in film history since Rudolph Valentino skyrocketed to fame." In December 1943, he was listed as the 15th most popular star in the U.S.

Ladd fell ill and went to the military hospital in Santa Barbara for several weeks in October. On October 28, he was given an honorable medical discharge because of a stomach disorder complicated by influenza.

Return to filmmaking
When Ladd returned from the army, Paramount announced a series of vehicles for him, including And Now Tomorrow and Two Years Before the Mast. And Now Tomorrow was a melodrama, starring Loretta Young as a wealthy deaf woman who is treated (and loved) by her doctor, played by Ladd; Raymond Chandler co-wrote the screenplay, and it was filmed in late 1943 and early 1944. According to Shipman:
It was a pitch to sell Ladd to women filmgoers, though he had not changed one iota and he did not have a noticeable romantic aura. But Paramount hoped that women might feel that beneath the rock-like expression there smouldered fires of passion, or something like. His black-lashed eyes, however, gave nothing away; it was 'take me as I am' or 'I'm the boss around here'. He never flirted nor even seemed interested (which is one of the reasons he and Lake were so effective together).
In March 1944, Ladd took another physical and was reclassified 1A. He would have to be reinducted into the army, but a deferment was given to enable Ladd to make Two Years Before the Mast (the release of which was postponed two years). He was meant to be re-inducted on September 4, 1944, but Paramount succeeded in getting this pushed back again to make Salty O'Rourke. He also found time to make a cameo in a big-screen version of Duffy's Tavern.

Ladd's reinduction was then set for May 1945. Paramount commissioned Raymond Chandler to write an original screenplay for him titled The Blue Dahlia, made relatively quickly in case the studio lost Ladd to the military once again. However, in May 1945, the U.S. Army released all men 30 or over from induction, and Ladd was finally free from the draft. Along with several other film stars likewise spared, Ladd promptly enlisted with the Hollywood Victory Committee for the entertainment industry's overseas arm, volunteering to tour for USO shows.

Ladd next made Calcutta (1947), which reteamed him with John Farrow and William Bendix. Release for this film was delayed.

Suspension
Ladd was meant to make California with Betty Hutton, but he refused to report for work in August 1945. "It wasn't on account of the picture", said Ladd. "There were other issues." Ladd wanted more money, and Paramount responded by suspending him. The two parties reconciled in November with Ladd's getting a salary increase to $75,000 per film, but without story approval or the right to do outside films, which he had wanted. Exhibitors voted him the 15th-most popular star in the country.

"When a star's off the screen, he's 'dead'", Ladd later reflected. "I like my home and my security and I don't intend to jeopardize them by being difficult at work."

Ladd's next film was O.S.S, a wartime thriller, produced by Richard Maibaum. He then convinced Ladd that he should play the title role in an adaptation of The Great Gatsby, to which Paramount held the film rights; Ladd became enthusiastic at the chance to change his image, but the project was delayed by a combination of censorship wrangles and studio reluctance.

Eventually, The Blue Dahlia was released to great acclaim (Raymond Chandler was nominated for an Oscar for the screenplay), quickly followed by O.S.S., and finally, Two Years Before the Mast. The first two films were solid hits, each earning over $2 million in rentals in the U.S. and Canada; Two Years Before the Mast was a blockbuster, earning over $4 million and ranking among the top 10 most popular films of the year. Ladd's roles in This Gun for Hire, The Glass Key, and The Blue Dahlia, firmly established him as a no-nonsense tough guy in a popular genre of crime films later to become known as film noir.

Ladd earned a reported $88,909 for the 12 months up to June 1946. (The following year, he earned $107,000.) In 1947, he was ranked among the top 10 popular stars in the U.S. That year finally had the release of Calcutta, along with Wild Harvest, where he reteamed with Robert Preston.

Ladd made a cameo appearance as a detective in the Bob Hope comedy, My Favorite Brunette (1947), and he made another cameo in an all-star Paramount film, titled, Variety Girl, singing Frank Loesser's "Tallahassee" with Dorothy Lamour. He was reteamed with Lake for the final time in Saigon (1948), then made Whispering Smith (1948), his first Western since he became a star (and his first movie in color). He followed this with Beyond Glory (1948), a melodrama with Farrow, which featured Audie Murphy in his film debut (and was released before Whispering Smith).

Radio and comic books
Since he had become a star, Ladd continued to appear in radio, usually in dramatizations of feature films for such shows as Lux Radio Theatre and Screen Directors Playhouse. He created roles played both by himself, but also other actors, including the part of Rick Blaine in an adaptation of Casablanca. In 1948, he starred and produced Box 13, a regular weekly series for syndication, which ran for 52 episodes.

From 1949-1951, he appeared in a nine-issue series of comic books published by DC Comics, portraying Ladd in a variety of adventurous situations; the first six issues had photos of him on the covers.

The Great Gatsby
Ladd's next role was a significant change of pace, playing Jay Gatsby in the 1949 version of The Great Gatsby, written and produced by Richard Maibaum. This film had been planned since 1946, but production was delayed due to a combination of difficulties with the censor, and Paramount's reluctance for Ladd to play such a challenging part. It was not a big success at the box office, and its mixed critical and commercial reception caused Ladd to avoid serious dramatic roles.

His next films were standard fare: Chicago Deadline, playing a tough reporter; Captain Carey, U.S.A., as a vengeful ex-OSS agent, for Maibaum; and Appointment with Danger, as a postal inspector investigating a murder with the help of nun Phyllis Calvert (shot in 1949, but not released until 1951).

Paramount purchased the screen rights to the play Detective Story as a possible vehicle for Ladd, and he was keen to do it, but the role went to Kirk Douglas. Ladd was cast, instead, in Branded, a Western. In February 1950, Paramount announced that Ladd would star in a film version of the novel Shane. Before he made this film, he appeared in Red Mountain, produced by Hal Wallis.

In 1950, the Hollywood Women's Press Club voted Ladd the easiest male star to deal with in Hollywood. The following year, a poll from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association listed Ladd as the second most popular male film star in the world, after Gregory Peck.

Shane

In 1951, Ladd's contract had only one more year to run. "Paramount is like a home to me", he said, "and I'd like to remain on the lot for one picture a year. But I want to be free to take pictures at other studios if offered to me." The main studio Ladd was in discussion with was Warner Bros. He also received a six-year offer to make Adventure Limited, a TV series.

In May 1951, Ladd announced he had formed Ladd Enterprises, his own production company, to produce films, radio, and TV, when his Paramount contract ended in November 1952. He optioned the novel Shadow Riders of the Yellowstone by Les Savage. The next month, his deal with Warner Bros. was announced: one film per year for five years. However, he expressed a desire to continue to work with Paramount.

Ladd's final three movies for Paramount were Thunder in the East, Shane, and Botany Bay. Once Ladd finished Botany Bay in February 1952, it was announced Ladd's contract with Paramount would end early and be amended, so that he would make two more movies for the studio, at a later date. (In the end, Ladd did not make another film at Paramount until The Carpetbaggers.)

Paramount staggered the release of Ladd's final films for the company, with Shane and Botany Bay not being released until 1953. Ladd later said that leaving Paramount was "a big upset" for him and that he only left for "business reasons...future security for the children and ourselves".

Shane, in which he played a strong, silent, courageous title character, was particularly popular. It premiered at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in April 1953, grossing over $114,000 in its four weeks there (a large sum at the time), and earning $8 million in North America over its initial run. This led to Ladd's being voted one of the 10 most popular stars in the U.S. in 1953.

Freelance star: Warner Bros., Universal, Warwick

Ladd's deal with Warner Bros. was for one film per year for 10 years, starting from when his contract with Paramount expired. Warner guaranteed him $150,000 per film against 10% of the gross, making Ladd one of the better paid stars in Hollywood. His first film for Warner Bros. was The Iron Mistress (1952), in which Ladd played Jim Bowie.

The arrangement with Warner was not exclusive, enabling Ladd to work for other studios. He made Desert Legion, a film at Universal Studios (1953), playing a member of the French Foreign Legion. Ladd was paid a fee and a percentage of the profits.

Ladd signed an arrangement with Warwick Films to make three films in Britain, where the actor was very popular: a wartime saga titled The Red Beret (1953), with Ladd masquerading as a Canadian soldier in the Parachute Regiment, and a whaling story titled Hell Below Zero (1954), based on the Hammond Innes book The White South. Both movies were co-written by Richard Maibaum, with whom Ladd had worked at Paramount. Ladd played a mountie in Saskatchewan for Universal in Canada and returned to Britain for his final film with Warwick, The Black Knight (1954), a medieval swashbuckler (a genre then in vogue), wherein Ladd played the title role. This meant Ladd spent 19 months out of the U.S. and did not have to pay tax on his income for this period. It also caused his plans to enter independent production to be deferred. Ladd's fee for his Warwick films was $200,000 against 10% of the profits, plus living expenses.

Jaguar Productions
When Ladd returned to Hollywood in 1954, he formed Jaguar Productions, a new production company that released movies through Warner Bros. This was in addition to the films he made with Warner, solely as an actor.

His first film for Jaguar was Drum Beat (1954), a Western directed by Delmer Daves, which was reasonably successful at the box office. For Warners, he then made The McConnell Story (1955), co-starring June Allyson, which also proved popular. He signed to appear in some episodes of General Electric Theater on TV. The first of these, "Committed", was based on an old episode of Box 13, which Ladd was considering turning into a TV series. However, despite Ladd's presence, a series did not result.

Ladd next made Hell on Frisco Bay (1955), a film for Jaguar also starring second-billed Edward G. Robinson and Joanne Dru, co-written by Martin Rackin and directed by Frank Tuttle, his old This Gun for Hire associate. Rackin wrote and produced Ladd's subsequent film, titled Santiago, which he made for Warner Bros. For Jaguar, Ladd produced, but did not appear in, A Cry in the Night.

Ladd's instincts for choosing material was proving increasingly poor: George Stevens offered him the role of Jett Rink in Giant (1956), which he turned down because it was not the lead; James Dean took the part, and the film became one of the big hits of the decade. He was meant to return to Paramount to make The Sons of Katie Elder, but he bought himself out of his Paramount contract for $135,000; the film was made a decade later, with John Wayne and Dean Martin, and was a big hit.

Instead, Ladd signed a new four-year contract between Jaguar and Warner Bros., with his company having a budget of $6.5 million. The first film made under it was The Big Land (1957), a Western. He made Farewell to Kennedy, another TV film for General Electric Theater; he hoped this would lead to a series, but that did not happen.

Ladd then received an offer to star in Boy on a Dolphin (1957), a film being made in Greece for 20th Century Fox. In March 1957, it was announced that WarnerBros. and Jaguar had renegotiated their agreement and that Jaguar would now make 10 films for the studio, of which Ladd was to appear in at least six, starting with The Deep Six (1958). Warner Bros. provided all the financing and split profits with Jaguar 50/50. The second film under the contract was Island of Lost Women, which Ladd produced but did not appear in.

Ladd's next film as an actor saw him co-star with his son David in The Proud Rebel, made independently for Samuel Goldwyn Jr. According to Shipman, Ladd's "performance is his best work, sincere and likable (due perhaps to an odd resemblance in long shot to Buster Keaton), but the film did not have the success it deserved; Ladd's own fans missed the bang-bang and [co star] Olivia de Havilland's fans were not persuaded that any film she did with Ladd could be that good." He announced a six-picture deal with Warwick Productions but ultimately did not work for Warwick again. MGM hired Ladd to make The Badlanders, a Western remake of The Asphalt Jungle, but like many of Ladd's films around this time it was a box-office disappointment.

Ladd was considered to play the lead in The Angry Hills, but Robert Mitchum eventually was cast. Mitchum later told a journalist that the producers met Ladd at his home after "he'd just crawled out of his swimming pool and was all shrunken up like a dishwasher's hand. They decided he wouldn't do for the big war correspondent."

Later films
For Walter Mirisch at United Artists, Ladd appeared in The Man in the Net. He produced a pilot for a TV series, starring William Bendix, called Ivy League. That did not go to series; neither did The Third Platoon, another pilot Ladd produced for Paramount, written by a young Aaron Spelling where Ladd only did a voiceover. Spelling also wrote Guns of the Timberland for Jaguar and Warners, in which Ladd appeared; it was his last movie for Warners.

As an actor, he made All the Young Men with Sidney Poitier, that was released through Columbia. One Foot in Hell (1960), over at 20th Century Fox, had Ladd play an out-and-out villain for the first time, since the beginning of his career, but the result was not popular with audiences.

"I'd like to retire from acting", he said in 1960. "I'd produce." Ladd kept busy developing projects, some of which were vehicles for his son, David.

Ladd also kept acting, following the path of many Hollywood stars made Duel of Champions (1961), a peplum in Italy. Back in Hollywood, he made 13 West Street, as a star and producer, for Ladd Enterprises.

"I'll go to work again when the right story comes along", said Ladd. He joined the board of 38 Inc., a new film producing company, which announced plans to make a movie out of a Ben Hecht script.

In 1963, Ladd's career looked set to make a comeback, when he took a supporting role in The Carpetbaggers, based on the best-selling novel. This was a co-production between Embassy and Paramount, meaning Ladd was filming on the Paramount back lot for the first time in over a decade. He also announced plans to turn Box 13 into a feature-film script, and was hoping for cameos from old friends, such as Veronica Lake and William Bendix.

Personal life
On November 29, 1937, Ladd's mother, who was staying with him following the breakup of a relationship, asked Ladd for some money to buy something at a local store. Ladd gave her the money, thinking it was for alcohol. She purchased some arsenic-based ant paste from a grocer and died by suicide by drinking it in the back seat of Ladd's car.

On November 2, 1962, Ladd was found lying unconscious in a pool of blood with a bullet wound near his heart. The bullet penetrated Ladd's chest around the third and fourth rib, through the lungs, and bounced off the rib cage. At the time, Ladd said he thought he heard a prowler, grabbed a gun, and tripped over, accidentally shooting himself. This was accepted by the police investigating.

Ladd has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1601 Vine Street. His handprint appears in the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. In 1995, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.

Family and relationships
Ladd married Marjorie Jane "Midge" Harrold, a high school sweetheart, in October 1936. Their only child, Alan Ladd, Jr., was born on October 22, 1937. They divorced in July 1941 and she died in 1957, having remarried.

On March 15, 1942, Ladd married his agent and manager, former film actress Sue Carol in Mexico City. They intended to be remarried in the U.S. in July because Ladd's divorce from his first wife was not final. Carol had a daughter from a previous marriage, Carol Lee (b. July 18, 1932), whom Alan and Sue raised. In addition, they had two children of their own, Alana (born April 21, 1943, when Ladd was in the army) and David Ladd (1947).

Alan Ladd, Jr., was a film executive and producer and founder of the Ladd Company. Actress Alana Ladd, who co-starred with her father in Guns of the Timberland and Duel of Champions, was married to the veteran talk radio broadcaster Michael Jackson. Alana died on November 23, 2014. Actor David Ladd, who co-starred with his father as a child in The Proud Rebel, was married (1973–1980) to Charlie's Angels star Cheryl Ladd (née Stoppelmoor). Their daughter is actress Jordan Ladd.

Ladd's name was linked romantically with June Allyson when they made The McConnell Story together.

Height
Reports of Ladd's height vary from  to , with  being cited most often in unofficial sources. His 1940 draft registration lists him as . His 1943 U.S. Army enlistment record, however, lists him as , a measurement generally deemed to be the most reliable.

Ladd and Veronica Lake became a particularly popular pairing because, at , she was one of the few Hollywood actresses substantially shorter than he was. In his memoirs, actor/producer John Houseman wrote of Ladd: "Since he himself was extremely short, he had only one standard by which he judged his fellow players: their height." To compensate for Ladd's height, during the filming of Boy on a Dolphin, co-starring the  Sophia Loren, the cinematographer used special low stands to light Ladd and the crew built a ramp system of heavy planks to enable the two actors to stand at equal eye level. In outdoor scenes, trenches were dug for Loren to stand in. For the film Saskatchewan, director Raoul Walsh had a hole dug for  co-star Hugh O'Brian to stand in, while using the excavated dirt to build a mound for Ladd to stand, thereby overcoming the disparity in height.

Death
In January 1964, after injuring his knees, Ladd hoped to recuperate at his house in Palm Springs. On January 29, 1964, his butler said that he saw Ladd on his bed at 10 am; when he returned at 3:30 pm, he found Ladd dead on his bed.

His death, due to cerebral edema caused by an acute overdose of alcohol, a barbiturate, and two tranquilizers containing at least two depressants, was ruled accidental. Ladd suffered from chronic insomnia and regularly used sleeping pills and alcohol to induce sleep. While he had not taken a lethal amount of any one drug, the combination apparently caused fatal interaction.

Ladd's funeral was held on February 1, with Edmond O'Brien giving the eulogy. Fans were allowed to see his coffin. He was buried with his wedding ring and a letter that his son David had written to him.

Ladd died a wealthy man, with his holdings including a 5,000-acre ranch at Hidden Valley and a hardware store in Palm Springs. After he died, The Carpetbaggers was released and became a financial success.

Select radio credits
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 206 "The Return of Peter Grimm" (February 13, 1939)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 221 "Only Angels Have Wings" (May 29, 1939)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 280 "White Banners" (June 12, 1939)
 Lincoln Highway (May 1942)
 Guest on Kate Smith's radio show – 1942
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 380 "This Gun for Hire" (January 25, 1943) – with Joan Blondell and Laird Cregar
 Wings to Victory (March 25, 1943)
 "Musically Inclined" for Silver Theater (December 12, 1943) – with Judy Garland
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 415 China (November 22, 1943)
 Suspense – "One Way Ride to Nowhere" (January 6, 1944)
 Suspense – "The Defence Rests" (March 9, 1944)
 Cavalcade of America – "Ambulance Driver Middle East" (April 3, 1944)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 435 Coney Island (April 17, 1944)
 Burns and Allen – special guest star (January 15, 1945)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 473 "Disputed Passage" (March 5, 1945)
 Jack Benny Program – "Murder Mystery" (March 25, 1945)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 484 "And Now Tomorrow" (May 21, 1945)
 The Dinah Shore Show – Guest star (May 31, 1945)
 Command Performance – guest star with Bob Hope, Ann Rutherford (June 14, 1945)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 503 "Salty O'Rourke" (November 26, 1945)
 Duffy's Tavern – guest star (January 4, 1946)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 523 "Whistle Stop" (April 15, 1946)
 Hollywood Star Time – "Double Indemnity" (June 22, 1946)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 546 "OSS" (November 18, 1946)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 582 "Two Years Before the Mast" (September 22, 1947)
 The Screen Guild Theater – "The Blue Dahlia" (April 21, 1949)
 Screen Directors Playhouse – "Saigon" (July 29, 1949)
 Screen Directors Playhouse – "Whispering Smith" (September 16, 1949)
 Suspense – "Motive for Murder" (March 16, 1950)
 Screen Directors Playhouse – "Chicago Deadline" (March 24, 1950)
 Suspense – "A Killing in Abilene" (December 14, 1950)
 Screen Directors Playhouse – "Lucky Jordan" (February 8, 1951)
 Lux Radio Theatre – Ep 911 "Shane" (February 22, 1955)

Regular series
 Box 13 : 52 episodes (August 22, 1948 – August 14, 1949)

Filmography

Awards
 Photoplay 1953 Gold Medal for his performance in Shane

Box office ranking
For a number of years, film exhibitors voted him amongst the top stars at the box office.

 In 1948 a survey was taken of the film-going habits of 4,500 teenagers in Lakewood, Ohio. Their "overwhelming first choice" as film star was Alan Ladd.

Theatre
 The Mikado (May 1933) – as Koko – at North Hollywood high School
 Marinella (July 19, 1933) – an aquatic pageant in North Hollywood
 Grey Zone by Martin Mooney (Oct 1936) at Ben Bard Playhouse
 Susanne by Eloisse Keller (Jan 1937) at Ben Bard Playhouse
 Between Two Women by Carey Wilson (April 1937) at Ben Bard Playhouse – with Jack Carson
 Maniacs in Monocles by Robert Riley Crutcher (July 1937) at Ben Bard Playhouse

References

 Shipman, David, The Great Movie Stars 1: The Golden Years, 1989

External links

 Alan Ladd at Virtual History

1913 births
1964 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American male actors
Accidental deaths in California
Actors from Hot Springs, Arkansas
Alcohol-related deaths in California
American male film actors
American male radio actors
American male television actors
American people of English descent
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from cerebral edema
Drug-related deaths in California
Film producers from California
First Motion Picture Unit personnel
Ladd family (show business)
Male Western (genre) film actors
Male actors from Arkansas
Male actors from Los Angeles
Military personnel from Arkansas
Military personnel from California
North Hollywood High School alumni
Paramount Pictures contract players
Television producers from California

Alan Ladd


Das Prächtige Bärenohr (Arctotis fastuosa) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Arctotis innerhalb der Familie der Korbblütler (Asteraceae). Sie ist im südlichen Afrika beheimatet und wird gelegentlich als Zierpflanze genutzt.

Beschreibung

Vegetative Merkmale
Das Prächtige Bärenohr ist eine einjährige Krautige Pflanze. Die Wuchshöhen betragen meist 20 bis 60 Zentimeter, der Wuchs ist aber hauptsächlich abhängig von der verfügbaren Regenmenge und kann Werte zwischen 10 und gelegentlich 80 bis 90 Zentimeter erreichen. Die oberirdischen Pflanzenteile sind dicht behaart, durch diese filzige bis wollige Behaarung (Indument) sehen die Laubblätter silbrig-weiß aus.

Die in lockeren grundständigen Rosetten und wechselständig am Stängel verteilt angeordneten Laubblätter sind gestielt bis sitzend. Die Blattstiele sind abgeflacht und besonders breit an ihrer Basis. Die Blattspreite der Grundblätter bis mittleren Stängelblätter ist bei einer Länge von 4 bis 9 Zentimetern sowie bei einer Breite von 1,5 bis 2,5 Zentimetern im Umriss lanzettlich bis verkehrt-lanzettlich, die Ränder können nur seicht oder bis zur Mittelrippe eingeschnitten und unregelmäßig vier- bis fünffach fiederteilig bis -lappig sein. Je weiter oben am Stängel werden die Laubblätter zunehmend kleiner sind wenig gelappt bis ± ganzrandig und sitzend mit stängelumfassender Spreitenbasis.

Generative Merkmale
Der Blütenstandsschaft ist selten 10 bis meist 18 bis 22 Zentimeter lang und trägt drei oder mehr Blätter und auf ihm steht ein einzelner Blütenkorb. Der körbchenförmige Blütenstand weist einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 10 Zentimetern auf. Die Hüllblätter sind in mehreren überlappenden Reihen angeordnet. Die äußeren Hüllblätter sind abstehend bis zurückgebogen, linealisch, oft mit ± breiter Basis und auf der Unterseite spinnwebenartig bis rau behaart. Die inneren Hüllblätter sind anliegend und ± lanzettlich, oft mit gerundeten, durchscheinenden, bewimperten oberen Enden oder sie sind verkehrt-eiförmig.

Es sind 35 bis 40 oder bis zu 50 Zungenblüten = Strahlenblüten vorhanden, die in zwei Kreisen stehen; ihre Zungen sind 3 bis 5,5 Zentimeter lang sowie 0,4 bis 0,7 Zentimeter breit, ihre Farbe ist hell-orangefarben oder gelb, die Kronblätter des inneren Kreises sind an der Basis rotbraun. Die vielen Scheibenblüten sind zwittrig oder die inneren männlich gelbbraun bis braun-purpurfarben oder dunkelbraun bis schwarz.

Die kahle Achäne ist bei einer Länge von 1,3 bis 1,5 bis maximal 2 Millimetern eiförmig und abgeflacht, die Außenseite ist glatt. Ein Pappus ist nicht vorhanden oder winzig kronenförmig.

Die Chromosomengrundzahl beträgt x = 9; es liegt Diploidie mit einer Chromosomenzahl von 2n = 18 vor.

Verbreitung
Hauptsächlich ist Arctotis fastuosa im Namaqualand in den südafrikanischen Provinzen Nord- sowie Westkap verbreitet und das Verbreitungsgebiet reicht nach Norden bis ins südwestliche Namibia und südlich entlang des Doorn River und des Biedouw-Tals. Das Verbreitungsgebiet ist durch eine sommerliche Trockenperiode gekennzeichnet, die die Pflanzen als Samen überstehen. In Kalifornien ist Arctotis fastuosa als Neophyt eingebürgert.

Taxonomie
Die Erstbeschreibung von Arctotis fastuosa erfolgte 1797 durch Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis, 2, S. 20, Tafel 166. Diese Erstbeschreibung erfolgte anhand eines in Schönbrunn kultivierten Exemplars, das ursprünglich aus Südafrika stammte. Der Lectotypus wurde durch McKenzie und Barker 2010 festgelegt. Synonyme für Arctotis fastuosa  sind: Venidium fastuosum  , Arctotis aurea , Arctotis maximilianii , Arctotis mirabilis , Arctotis wyleyi , Venidium aureum , Venidium macrocephalum , Venidium wyleyi

Verwendung
Das Prächtige Bärenohr wird gelegentlich als Zierpflanze verwendet. Erstmals wurde es 1797 nach Europa eingeführt. Es existieren einige Sorten, auch mit cremefarbigen Strahlenblüten. Die meisten in Kultur befindlichen Pflanzen sind allerdings Hybriden aus Arctotis fastuosa  und Arctotis venusta  Die vielen Sorten werden als Arctotis ×hybrida hort. bezeichnet und sind in einem größeren Spektrum an Blütenfarben von weiß, rosafarben und rot erhältlich.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Datenblatt Venidium fastuosum (Jacq.) Stapf bei USDA PLANTS Database.

Korbblütler

Prächtiges Bärenohr


Un piège à loup est un type de piège destiné à tuer ou attraper des loups, notamment le loup gris, en  France.

Le piégeage est un des types de chasse au loup.

Types
 Cage de capture
 Piège à mâchoires
 Fosse ou puits

Piège à loup dans la culture
Dans le film franco-italien Hommes et Loups (), réalisé par Giuseppe De Santis et Leopoldo Savona et sorti en 1956, un des personnages creuse un trou recouvert de branches pour essayer d'attraper des loups.

Des crampons de piège à loup figurent sur les armes de plusieurs communes, dont celles de Wolxheim ou de Wolfisheim, deux communes situées dans le Bas-Rhin en Alsace.

Foios est une commune du canton de Sabugal au Portugal. Son nom a pour origine l'appellation des anciens pièges à loups, qui s'appelaient Fóios.

Loberas en Espagne

En Espagne, on désigne par lobera une construction utilisée anciennement pour la chasse de loups. Elle consistait en une clôture ou des parois de pierre en forme d'entonnoir de grande de taille (à partir de ), qui conduit à un puits profond.

On en voit encore, par exemple, dans les communes de Espinosa de los Monteros (Province de Burgos), de Barrón (Province d'Alava), ou dans le Parc naturel de Gorbeia (Pays Basque).

Pièges à loup en France
En France, la détention et l'usage des pièges à loups sont interdits depuis 1984.

Galerie

Bibliographie
 Jean de Clamorgan, La chasse du loup, nécessaire à la maison rustique, édition pour Jacques du Puis, Lyon, 1561 ()

Voir aussi
  (« piège à loup » en anglais)

Articles connexes
 Louveterie, une institution créée par Charlemagne dans l'objectif de détruire les loups
 Trou de loup, un obstacle défensif creusé dans le sol et fonctionnant comme un piège, dans le domaine militaire

Liens externes

Références

Chasse au loup

Piège à loup


Gerijatrija (grč. γέρων - geron = stari + ιατρός, ιατρέιν - jatrein = liječiti) odnosno gerijatrijska medicina proučavanje je starenja i liječenje bolesti u svim njenim dimenzijama, uključujući i socijalne, ekonomske, demografske, psihološke, bioantropološke, kulturne, medicinske i druge. Gerijatrija je komponenta gerontologije, u aplikaciji liječenja posljedica starenja "osoba treće dobi".

Gerijatrijska medicina medicinska je specijalnost, koja se bavi tjelesnim promjenama tijekom bolesti, mentalnim, funkcijskim i socijalnim starenjem pacijenata, posebno za vrijeme akutnog, kroničnog zbrinjavanja, prevencije i rehabilitacije do kraja života. Ova grupa pacijenata obično uključuje više patoloških promjena i zahtijeva globalni pristup tretmanima.

Ovisno od individualnih okolnosti i stanja, osoba se mijenja u podmaklim godinama, a dijagnoza i odgovor na liječenje često su teški, a potreba za medicinskom, psihološkom i socijalnom pomoći neophodna je. Starije osobe odlikuje ranjivost koja je uvjetovana starenjem, bolestima, društvenim i psihološkim faktorima s posljedičnim slabljenjem mnogih funkcija. Česta je pojava koegzistencije nekoliko kroničnih bolesti iste osobe. Posljedice su kronična potrošnja više od četiri različita lijeka. Opterećenje godinama praćeno je i pojavom raznih invaliditeta (senzornih, motoričkih i intelektualnih nedostataka), što rezultira čestim pojavama neuropsiholoških problema (depresija, poremećaji karaktera, Alzheimerova bolest, Parkinsonova bolest, zaboravnost).

Gerijatrijska medicina odgovora na probleme starije dobi sveobuhvatnim medicinskim pristupom, čime se pristupa adekvatnom liječenju organa, u području interne medicine. Ona također pruža dodatnu zaštitu multidisciplinarnih timova, kojima je glavni cilj optimizacija funkcijskog statusa starijih pacijenata i poboljšanje kvalitete života i njihove samostalnosti.

Gerijatrijska medicina nije usmjerena na posebno definiranu starost podržavanih bolesnika, već se mora baviti konkretnim bolestima starijih osoba. Većina pacijenata je u dobi preko 65 godina, ali glavni izazovi gerijatrijske medicine povećavaju se posebno za grupu od 80 i više godina.

Izvori

Gerontologija

Gerijatrija


Kamil Džalil oglji Džalilov (azerski: Kamil Cəlil oğlu Cəlilov, ruski: Кямиль Джалил оглы Джалилов) (Buzovna kraj Bakua, 29. siječnja 1938. – Baku, 22. veljače 2022.) azerbajdžanski je glazbenik i skladatelj poznat po majstorskom znanju u sviranju puhačkih glazbala i azerbajdžanskih narodnih glazbala.

Široko je smatran jednim od najvećih glazbenika narodne glazbe svih vremena. Majstor je u sviranju puhačkih glazbala, poput , oboe i azerbajdžanskih regionalnih narodnih glazbala.

Životopis
Rođen je 29. siječnja 1938. u Buzovni kraj Bakua, tada dio Azerbajdžanske Sovjetske Socijalističke Republike.

Godine 1959. završio je Bakuansko glazbeno učilište "Asaf Zejnallji", a 1965. godine Azerbajdžanski državni konzervatorij. Studirao je kod Dž. Mamedova, V. A. Knjazkova i A. Abdullajeva.

Od 1959. godine je nagarist, a poslije harmonikaš ansambla anrodnih instrumenata "Hatira" pod rukovodstvom Ahsana Dadaševa, od 1965. godine bio je solist Azerbajdžanskoga državnoga komornoga orkestra "Kara Karajev", Azerbajdžanskoga državnoga simfonijskoga orkestra, instrumentalnoga ansambla "Dan ulduzu" pod rukovodstvom Gjuljarija Alijeva,  zasluženoga kolektiva Azerbajdžanske Sovjetske Socijalističke Republike orkestra narodnih glazbala Azgosteleradio.

Predavao je na Republičkoj umjetničkoj gimnaziji. Umro je 22. veljače 2022. u 84. godini života.

Stvaralaštvo
U repertoaru Kjamilja Džalila ogljija Džalilova, uz zapadnoeuropsku i rusku glazbu važno mjesto zauzimaju djela azerbajdžanskih skladatelja – Arifa Džangira ogljija Melikova, Tofika Alekpera ogljija Kulijeva, Fikreta Mešadija Džamilja ogljija Amirova i mnogih drugih. Manju značajnu ulogu u njegovom repertoaru čine azerbajdžanske narodne pjesme i mugami. U njegovoj izvedbi s oboom, klasična i narodna umjetnost se međusobno nadopunjuju, on profesionalno vlada svojim instrumentom, dodajući narodnoj umjetnosti neobičan timbar oboe i njegovu virtuoznost pri sviranju oboe. Džalilove izvedbe su visoko cijenjene od slušatelja diljem svijeta, i bivših sovjetskih i stranih glazbenika i glazbenih učitelja.

Džalilov je išao na turneju u mnoge države, uključujući: Švedsku, Libanon, Alžir, Poljsku, Čehoslovačku, Švicarsku, Italiju, Finsku i Francusku.

Melodija "Čargjah ahengi" (azerski: Çahargah ahəngi ruski: Чаргях ахенги) koju Džalilov izvodi osvojila je prvo mjesto na IV.Međunarodnome tribunu azijskih država održanome u Manili na Filipinima, nakon čega je dobio izrazitu pohvalu od UNESCO-a.  Godine 1977. snimljena je Džalilova izvedba melodije "Čargjah ahengi" na balabanu za Svesavezni radio (ruski: Всесоюзное радио), nakon čega je uključena je u sastav Voyager Golden Recorda pod nazivom "Mugam".

Objavljeni su glazbeni zapisi i diskovi za njegove izvedbe na oboi.

Kjamilju Džalilu ogljiju Džalilovu posvećene su pjesme Zivera Agajeva, Zelimhana Jakuba, Bagadura Gakera, Agasefa Jahjajeva, koncert za obou s orkestrom dagestanskoga skladatelja Mihaila Vasiljeviča Lezginceva, televizijski dokumentarni film Kamil iz 2001. godine.

Nasljeđe
Snimka Kjamilja Džalila ogljija Džalilova kako na balabanu svira pjesmu "Čargjah ahengi" (azerski: Çahargah ahəngi ruski: Чаргях ахенги), uključena je u sastav Voyager Golden Recorda pod nazivom "Mugam" s mnogim kulturnim postignućima čovječanstva.

Filmografija
 Kamil (1997.)

Diskografija
 Azərbaycanım (Nurla Sabah, 2008.)

Nagrade

Izvori

Vidi još
 Mugam
 Voyager Golden Record

Literatura
 Cəlilov Kamil Cəlil oğlu // Muğam ensiklopediyası. — Bakı: Musiqi dünyası, 2008. — S. 49-50.
 Бабаев Эльхан. Кямиль Джалилоглы // Мелодия. — 1991.

Životopisi, Baku
Azerbajdžanski glazbenici
Azerbajdžanski skladatelji

Kjamilj Džalil oglji Džalilov


Le Voyage de monsieur Perrichon, comédie en quatre actes d'Eugène Labiche et Édouard Martin ;
 Le Voyage de monsieur Perrichon, film français réalisé par Jean Tarride, sorti en 1934, adapté de la comédie ;
 Le Voyage de monsieur Perrichon (Il viaggio del signor Perrichon), film italien réalisé par Paolo Moffa, sorti en 1943, adapté de la comédie ;
  (Путешествие мсье Перришона), film musical russe réalisé par , sorti en 1986, adapté de la comédie ;
 Le Voyage de monsieur Perrichon, téléfilm français réalisé par Éric Lavaine, sorti en 2014, adapté de la comédie.

Le Voyage de monsieur Perrichon (homonymie)


Riadh Ben Khemais Bouazizi  () (d. 8 Nisan 1973), orta saha pozisyonunda görev yapmış Tunuslu eski millî futbolcudur.

Profesyonel kariyerine 1991 yılında Es-Saheli kulübünde başladı. Daha sonra sırasıyla Bursaspor, Gaziantepspor, Kayseri Erciyesspor ve CA Bizertin kulüplerinde oynadı.

88 kere millî formayı giyen Bouazizi takımıyla beraber 1998, 2002 ve 2006 Dünya Kupaları'na katılmıştır.

Kariyeri
 1995-2000:  Es-Saheli
 2000-2002:  Bursaspor
 2003-2005:  Gaziantepspor
 2005-2007:  Kayseri Erciyesspor
 2007-2008:  CA Bizertin

Dış bağlantılar

1973 doğumlular
Tunuslu futbolcular
Tunus millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Bursaspor yabancı futbolcuları
Gaziantepspor yabancı futbolcuları
Kayseri Erciyesspor yabancı futbolcuları
Tunuslu gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki Tunuslu gurbetçiler
CA Bizertin futbolcuları
Tunuslu Olimpiyat futbolcuları
Es-Saheli futbolcuları
1996 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları futbolcuları
1998 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2000 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2002 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2004 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2006 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Resim aranan futbolcular
Orta saha futbolcuları

Riyad Buazizi


Apona, nom. rejic., nekadašnji rod crvenih algi iz porodice Lemaneaceae, dio reda Batrachospermales. Danas se vodi kao sinonim za Lemanea. Morska alga Apona polyceras, s tipskim je lokalitetom u Jadranskom moru kod Splita , danas jer uključena u rod Ceramium kao Ceramium polyceras (Kützing) Zanardini.)

Sinonimi
 Apona australis (Sonder) Kuntze = Ceramium australe Sonder.
 Apona azorica (Meneghini) Kuntze =  Ceramium echionotum var. azoricum (Meneghini) Piccone.
 Apona barbata (Ardissone) Kuntze, taksonomski status ovog entiteta zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje.
 Apona californica (J.Agardh) Kuntze =  Ceramium californicum J.Agardh.
 Apona ciliata (Ellis) Kuntze , taksonomski status ovog entiteta zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje
 Apona cliftoniana (J.Agardh) Kuntze = Ceramium cliftonianum J.Agardh.
 Apona codicola (J.Agardh) Kuntze =  Ceramium codicola J.Agardh.
 Apona diaphana (Lightfoot) Kuntze taksonomski status ovog entiteta zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje
 Apona echionata (J.Agardh) Kuntze = Ceramium echionotum J.Agardh.
 Apona elegans (Roth) Kuntze taksonomski status ovog entiteta zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje
 Apona floridana (J.Agardh) Kuntze taksonomski status ovog entiteta zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje
 Apona hooperi (Harvey) Kuntze =  Ceramium deslongchampsii var. hooperi (Harvey) W.R.Taylor.
 Apona imbricata (Kützing) Kuntze taksonomski status ovog entiteta zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje
 Apona isogona (Harvey) Kuntze = Ceramium isogonum Harvey 1855
 Apona polyceras (Kützing) Kuntze = Ceramium polyceras (Kützing) Zanardini.

Izvori

Sistematika

Apona (Algae)


أولاد حسين قرية مغربية بإقليم سيدي سليمان الساحلي، شمالي الرباط. تضم بلدة أولاد حسين 27.972 نسمة (إحصاء 2004).

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم سيدي سليمان
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم سيدي سليمان
جماعات قروية في جهة الرباط سلا القنيطرة

أولاد حسين (إقليم سيدي سليمان)


Jupe may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Le Jupe, a character in the 1718 comedy play The Coquet
 Sissy Jupe, a character in Dickens's Hard Times

People
 Noah Jupe (born 2005), English actor
 Walter Jupé (1916–1985), German actor and screenwriter
 Jupe Karhu, member of the Finnish metal band Rifftera
 Julia Perez (1980–2017), known as Jupe, Indonesian actress, singer and businesswoman

Other uses
 Jupe (clothing), a loose-fitting wool jacket or tunic for men, and later an item of women's and children's clothing
 Jupe (IRC), a term used in Internet Relay Chat networks
 Jupe, a flat-packed housing business of Jeff Wilson
 Jupes, a division of the Comanche tribe

See also

 Alain Juppé (born 1945), French politician, Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997

Jupe


Billund Lufthavn Station (uofficielt navn) er en påtænkt jernbanestation ved Billund Lufthavn. Stationen bliver en del af Billundbanen fra Jelling eller Gadbjerg til Billund, hvis denne bliver etableret. Stationen kommer til at ligge på den nordlige side af lufthavnen nær terminalen, så der bliver kort afstand mellem tog og fly.

Historie
I november 2010 resulterede den politisk aftale, Aftale om bedre mobilitet i, at Trafikstyrelsen gik i gang med en forundersøgelse af en bane til Billund Lufthavn. Lufthavnen er Danmarks næststørste med 2,7 mio. flyrejser i 2011, et tal der forventes at stige. Forundersøgelsen blev præsenteret i juni 2012. Her blev der især fokuseret på en jernbane fra Jelling eller en letbane fra Vejle. I begge tilfælde lagdes der op til en forlængelse videre til den velbesøgte forlystelsespark Legoland Billund Resort, hvilket for en mindre merudgift ville fordoble passagertallet. Desuden overvejedes en forlængelse videre til Grindsted. Forlængelsen til Grindsted blev dog droppet i de efterfølgende politiske forhandlinger, ligesom det blev besluttet, at banen skulle bygges som jernbane.

I forundersøgelsen blev det blandt andet skitseret, hvordan en jernbanestation ved lufthavnen kan udformes. Det er tanken, at banen skal føres i niveau og indhegnet gennem lufthavnens forplads og område med parkeringspladser og langs med terminalen. Lufthavnsvej i øst vil blive krydset på et broanlæg, mens fire interne veje vil blive sikret med halvbomme. Desuden vil der være to signalregulerede fodgængerovergange mellem terminalen og p-huset overfor. Selve stationen vil ligge ved terminalens nordøstlige hjørne. I forundersøgelsen er den skitseret med to 80 m lange perroner, da der skal være dobbeltspor mellem lufthavnen og endestationen ved Legoland Billund Resort på grund af behovet for krydsninger i området. Der nuværende forplads, der benyttes til busser, taxier og afsætning, vil generelt blive indskrænket men tilpasses i øvrigt de eksisterende forhold for biltrafikken.

Hvis banen skulle anlægges som letbane var det tanken, at den skulle have samme forløb men være enkeltsporet gennem lufthavnens område, og at der kun skulle være en enkelt 70 m lang perron. Desuden ville man kunne nøjes med signalregulerede kryds og begrænset indhegning.

13. maj 2014 blev der indgået et politisk forlig, hvor partierne S, R, DF og SF blev enige om at afsætte ca. 734. mio. DKK til en ny bane til Billund, med stop i Billund Lufthavn og Legoland Billund Resort. Det skete blandt andet for at tilgodese de mange rejsende, der rejser til og fra Billund Lufthavn, og samtidig gøre det nemmere fra dem, der kommer fra Vejle og Kolding at komme dertil. Det var tanken, at anlægsarbejdet skulle igangsættes i 2016 med forventet åbning i 2019. Det blev imidlertid udskudt, så der først vil blive foretaget en høring af VVM-redegørelsen i 2017, før beslutningsgrundlaget for banen vil blive afleveret til politisk behandling i 2018.

Kilder
 Banedanmark: Ny bane til Billund
 Forundersøgelse af banebetjening af Billund lufthavn , Trafikstyrelsen, juni 2012.

Noter

Lufthavn Station
Jernbanestationer i Danmark

Billund Lufthavn Station


Klarsyn er et det syvende studiealbum af den danske sanger og sangskriver Joey Moe. Det udkom den 11. august 2017 på disco:wax.

Spor

Hitlister og certificeringer

Ugentlige hitlister

Certificeringer

Kilder

Album fra 2017
Joey Moe-album

Klarsyn (Joey Moe-album)


El algoritmo del vecino más próximo fue, en las ciencias de la computación, uno de los primeros algoritmos utilizados para determinar una solución para el problema del viajante. Este método genera rápidamente un camino corto, pero generalmente no el ideal.

Abajo está la aplicación del algoritmo del vecino más próximo al problema del viajante.

Estos son los pasos del algoritmo:
 elección de un vértice arbitrario respecto al vértice actual.
 descubra la arista de menor peso que ya este conectada al vértice actual y a un vértice no visitado V.
 convierta el vértice actual en V.
 marque V como visitado.
 si todos los vértices del dominio estuvieran visitados, cierre el algoritmo.
 vaya al paso 2.

La secuencia de los vértices visitados es la salida del algoritmo.

El algoritmo del vecino más próximo es fácil de implementar y ejecutar rápidamente, pero algunas veces puede perder rutas más cortas, que son fácilmente notadas con la visión humana, debido a su naturaleza más "ávida". Como norma general, si los últimos pasos del recorrido son comparables en longitud al de los primeros pasos, el recorrido es razonable; si estos son mucho mayores, entonces es probable que existan caminos mucho mejores.

Véase también
Algoritmo K-NN

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Algoritmos de grafos
Problema del viajante

Algoritmo del vecino más próximo


Grønning har flere betydninger:

 Grønning - generelt et græsbevokset område
 Grønning (Skive Kommune) - landsby i Grønning Sogn, Skive Kommune

Se også
 Grønningen

Grønning (flertydig)


يحيى بن الحسين بن القاسم الرسي (859 – 19 أغسطس 911) كان زعيمًا دينيًا وسياسيًا في شبه الجزيرة العربية، وهو أول إمام زيدي حكم أجزاء من اليمن من 897 إلى 911م، وهو مؤسس الزيدية، ومؤسس ما عرف بالدولة الهادوية التي حكمت خلال الفترة (284 – 1006 هـ).

نسبه
هو أبو الحسين يحيى بن الحسين بن القاسم بن إبراهيم بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن الحسن بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب

الخلفية
ولد يحيى بن الحسين بن القاسم الرسي في المدينة المنورة لكونها مدينة أسلافه الذين تعود أصولهم إلى الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب (وأيضا سبط محمد). جده القاسم الرسي بن إبراهيم طباطبا حاول دون جدوى الوصول إلى القيادة السياسية بامتلاك وثيقة ملكية جبل الرس القريبة من مكة. هذا هو أصل اسم السلالة التي أسسها يحيى سلالة الرسيين. كان القاسم الرسي منظم رئيسي لتشريعات المذهب الزيدي والذي كان له أيضا أتباع في العراق وبلاد فارس. ينتمي الزيديون إلى زيد النجل الثاني للإمام الرابع علي بن الحسين السجاد. في 893 م -  280 هـ دخل يحيى اليمن قادماً من الحجاز في محاولة لبناء قاعدة قوية للزيدية. في هذا الوقت كان يحكم تهامة سلالة الزياديين (من 819م - 204 هـ إلى 1018م -  409 هـ) الذين يدينون بالولاء للخلفاء العباسيين. في الداخل كانت صنعاء تحت سيطرة بنو يعفر منذ 847 م - 233 هـ.

الاعتراف بإمامته
بلغ يحيى الشرفة على مقربة من صنعاء لكنه اضطر بعد ذلك إلى العودة لأنه لم يستقبل الاستقبال الحار الذي كان يأمله. في عام 896م -  283 هـ دعا بعض زعماء القبائل من صعدة وخولان يحيى للعودة وإنهاء الظروف في شمال اليمن التي مزقتها الحرب . في العام التالي 897م - 284 هـ وصل مرة أخرى من الحجاز برفقة عمه محمد وأخيه عبد الله بن الحسين وعدد من أقاربه. وصل صعدة حيث استقبل استقبال حار. اعتمد الإمام الجديد مسمى الهادي إلى الحق يحيى. المصادر التاريخية تصوره بأنه ذكي على نحو غير عادي وقوي البنية وورع. الحاكم الجديد أخضع نجران وأنشأ قاعدة بين القبائل المحلية في شمال اليمن. أولى عناية كبيرة لجمع الضرائب حسب الشريعة . حاكم صنعاء أبي العتاهية تعب من حركة اليعفريين ودعا الهادي يحيى ليضم المدينة إلى منطقة حكمه في 899م -  286 هـ واعترف بكونه إماما. ضرب الهادي يحيى النقود وكان يقرأ خطبة الجمعة ذاكرا اسمه. ومع ذلك سرعان ما اندلع القتال وبسرعة استعاد الحاكم اليعفري عبد القاهر السيطرة على صنعاء. بعث الإمام الهادي يحيى كتيبة جديدة لاستعادة صنعاء في العام التالي ولكن هزموا وتم اعتقال ابن الهادي يحيى من قبل بنو يعفر.

الوفاة
تحالف الإمام مع بني يعفر لمواجهة القرامطة. أثبت التحالف الجديد أنه هش. تم السيطرة على صنعاء من قبل القائد الفاطمي علي بن الفضل الذي هيمن أيضا على تهامة والجنوب. في نهاية المطاف في 910م -  297 هـ بسط الهادي يحيى سلطته على صنعاء مرة أخرى. سار إلى المدينة من دون معارضة ولكن سرعان ما تركها لبنو يعفر . وفي العام التالي 911م -  298 هـ توفي الإمام في صعدة. وفقا للبعض فقد مات مسموماً. خلفه في الإمامة ابنه محمد.

انظر أيضًا
 تاريخ اليمن
 قائمة أئمة اليمن

روابط خارجية

مصادر

أئمة اليمن
أئمة زيديون
أشخاص من المدينة المنورة
اليمن في القرن 10
اليمن في القرن 9
بنو الحسن
حكام اليمن
علماء مسلمون في القرن 3 هـ
مواليد 859
مواليد في المدينة المنورة
وفيات 298 هـ
وفيات بسبب السم
وفيات في صعدة

يحيى بن الحسين


Le tremplin des Launes est un tremplin de saut à ski de France, situé à Beuil, dans les Alpes-Maritimes. Construit en 1936, il est désormais à l'abandon.

Histoire

Dans la culture
Le tremplin des Launes servira à une cascade publicitaire effectuée par Rémy Julienne en 1985 avec une voiture et à une autre effectuée en moto par son fils pour le film Feu, Glace et Dynamite avec Roger Moore.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Équipement sportif achevé en 1936
Launes
Équipement sportif dans les Alpes-Maritimes
Beuil

Tremplin des Launes