Carlo Bergonzi (13 July 1924 – 25 July 2014) was an Italian operatic tenor. Although he performed and recorded some bel canto and verismo roles, he was above all associated with the operas of Giuseppe Verdi, including many of the composer's lesser known works he helped revive.  He sang more than forty other roles throughout his career.

Biography

Early life
Bergonzi was born in Polesine Parmense, near Parma in Northern Italy, on 13 July 1924. He was an only child. He later claimed he saw his first opera, Verdi's Il trovatore, when he was  six years old. He sang in church, and soon he began to appear in children's opera roles in Busseto, a nearby town. After he left school at age 11 he began working in a parmesan cheese factory. His father worked there too, and Carlo often got into trouble for singing.

At the age of 16, he began his vocal studies as a baritone at Arrigo Boito Conservatory in Parma with Ettore Campogalliani and Edmondo Grandini.

During World War II, Bergonzi became involved in anti-Nazi activities and was interned in a German prisoner-of-war camp in 1943. Two years later, he was freed by the Russians and walked 106 km in order to reach an American camp. However, while on his way, he drank unboiled water and contracted typhoid fever, from which he recovered within a year. After the war he returned to the Arrigo Boito Conservatory in Parma, weighing just over 36 kilograms (80 pounds).

Operatic career
In a 1985 interview with Opera Fanatics Stefan Zucker, Bergonzi cited 1948 as the year of his professional debut, as a baritone. He sang the role of Figaro in Rossini's The Barber of Seville, which he performed with a former prisoners' association which he joined after the war. It has been noted that the fee of 2,000 lire paid for his professional debut was insufficient to cover his meals and travel.

Other baritone roles which he undertook included those of Metifio in L'arlesiana, Doctor Malatesta in Don Pasquale, Belcore in L'elisir d'amore, Enrico Ashton in Lucia di Lammermoor , Ghirlino in Le astuzie di Bertoldo, Silvio in Pagliacci, David in L'amico Fritz, Alfio in Cavalleria rusticana, Albert in Werther, Marcello in La bohème, Sonora in La fanciulla del West, Sharpless in Madama Butterfly, Lescaut in Manon Lescaut, Laerte in Mignon,  the title role in Rigoletto, and Georgio Germont in La traviata.

However, he realized that the tenor repertoire was more suited to his voice, and after retraining, he made his debut as a tenor in the title role of Andrea Chénier at the Teatro Petruzzelli in Bari in 1951. That same year, Bergonzi sang at the Coliseum in Rome in a 50th anniversary concert of Verdi's death and the Italian state radio network RAI engaged Bergonzi for a series of broadcasts of the lesser-known Verdi operas for the same purpose.  These included  I due Foscari as well as Giovanna d'Arco and Simon Boccanegra.

In 1953, Bergonzi made his La Scala debut, creating the title role in Jacopo Napoli's opera Mas' Aniello which was based on the life of Tommaso Aniello, the 17th-century Italian fisherman-turned-revolutionary. His London debut as Alvaro in La forza del destino took place at the Stoll Theatre in 1953. His American debut was at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1955, and his Metropolitan Opera debut as Radamès in Aida came on 13 November 1956 when he (and Antonietta Stella) received a positive reaction from Howard Taubman in The New York Times. Bergonzi continued to sing at the Met for 32 years, his last performance there occurring on 12 November 1988 in the role of Edgardo in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor.

He sang the role of Radames again for his debut with the Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company in 1961 and in 1962 he reprised the role of Alvaro for his debut with the Royal Opera, Covent Garden. He made his debut with the San Francisco Opera in 1969 as Don Alvaro in La forza del destino.

Bergonzi pursued a busy international career in the opera house and recording studio during the 1960s. His chief Italian tenor rivals in this period were Franco Corelli and Mario Del Monaco. Bergonzi outlasted all three, continuing to sing through the 1970s at major opera houses. But in the 1980s, as his own vocal quality deteriorated inevitably with age, he concentrated on recital work. In 1996, Bergonzi participated in conductor James Levine's 25th anniversary gala at the Metropolitan Opera. He gave his American farewell concert at Carnegie Hall on 17 April that same year.

However, an announcement that on 3 May 2000, he was to sing the title role in a concert performance of Verdi's Otello, conducted by Eve Queler and the Opera Orchestra of New York, attracted intense interest, particularly because he had never performed the demanding role on stage. Amongst others, the audience included Anna Moffo, Licia Albanese, Sherrill Milnes, José Carreras, Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti. Bergonzi was unable to finish the performance, supposedly suffering irritation from the air-conditioning in his dressing room. He withdrew after two acts, leaving the remaining two to be sung by Antonio Barasorda, a substitute singer. This performance was by wide critical consensus seen as a disaster.

After retiring, Bergonzi is credited with mentoring tenors Roberto Aronica, Giuliano Ciannella, Berle Sanford Rosenberg, Vincenzo La Scola, Filippo Lo Giudice, Philip Webb, Giorgio Casciari, Paul Caragiulo, Lance Clinker, Fernando del Valle and Salvatore Licitra. Soprano Frances Ginsberg was also one of his pupils.

Bergonzi left a legacy of many recordings of individual arias and complete operas, including works by Verdi, Puccini, Mascagni and Leoncavallo. However, of his early baritone roles, few of his audio recordings still exist.

Summary of his vocal attributes
In The New York Times obituary, Peter G. Davis, who reviewed a 1978 Carnegie Hall recital by Bergonzi in The Times is quoted as noting:
More than the sound of the voice, it is Mr. Bergonzi's way of using it that is so special. He is a natural singer in that everything he does seems right and inevitable—the artful phrasing, the coloristic variety, the perfectly positioned accents, the theatrical sense of well-proportioned climaxes, the honest emotional fervor. Best of all, Mr. Bergonzi obviously uses these effects artistically because he feels them rather than intellectualizes them—a rare instinctual gift, possibly the most precious one any musician can possess.

Alan Blyth, in his Gramophone survey of Bergonzi's greatest recordings, sums up the qualities of Bergonzi's voice:
His singing there [referring to an online example], even more his earlier Verdi discs, evinces an innate feeling for shaping a line on a long breath, an exemplary clarity of diction, words placed immaculately on the tone, an authoritative use of portamento and acuti. Add to those virtues the manner by which he gives to each phrase a sense of inevitability and you say to yourself, in a mood of sheer pleasure, this is exactly how the music ought to sound. In the theatre only Otello was beyond his capabilities, though his solos are movingly sung on the Philips set.

Personal life
In 1950 Bergonzi married Adele Aimi, with whom he had two sons, Maurizio and Marco; the former was born on the day Bergonzi made his tenor debut. Bergonzi owned homes in both Milan and Busseto, in addition to a restaurant and hotel in the latter, the "I Due Foscari", named after the Verdi opera about Venetian court intrigue.

Death
Bergonzi died on 25 July 2014, twelve days after his 90th birthday, in the Auxologico Institution in Milan. He was buried in the Vidalenzo Cemetery.

Repertory as tenor
Andrea Chénier. Bari, Teatro Petruzzelli, 18 January 1951
Giovanna d'Arco. Milan, RAI, 26 May 1951
Pagliacci. Milan, RAI, 10 June 1951
La forza del destino. Milan, RAI, 16 July 1951
Un ballo in maschera. Milan, Teatro Nuovo, 15 August 1951
Simon Boccanegra. Rome, RAI, 21 November 1951
I due Foscari. Milan, RAI, 5 December 1951
Adriana Lecouvreur. Prato, Teatro Metastasio, 31 December 1951
Faust. Bari, Teatro Petruzzelli, 8 January 1952
Jenůfa (Steva). Rome, Teatro dell'Opera, 17 April 1952
Ifigenia (by Pizzetti). Naples, San Carlo, 1 June 1952
Mefistofele. Rome, Baths of Caracalla, 1 July 1952
Madama Butterfly. Cagliari, August 1952
Mas' Aniello. Milan, La Scala, 25 March 1953
Rigoletto. Livorno, Teatro Goldoni, 20 May 1953
Aida. Buenos Aires, Colón, 24 July 1953
Tosca. Buenos Aires, Colón, 7 August 1953
Manon Lescaut. Rovigo, Teatro Sociale, 24 October 1953
Turandot. Catania, Massimo Teatro Bellini, 19 November 1953
Loreley. Reggio Emilia, Teatro Municipale, 2 February 1954
L'incoronazione di Poppea. Milan, RAI, 7 March 1954
Carmen. Monte Carlo, Salle Garnier, 30 January 1955
Lucia di Lammermoor. Brescia, Teatro Grande, 3 February 1955
Don Carlos. Buenos Aires, Teatro Colón, August 1955
La traviata. Salsomaggiore, Teatro Nuovo, 10 September 1955
Il tabarro. Chicago, Lyric, 16 November 1955
Cavalleria rusticana. Chicago, Lyric, 26 November 1955
L'amore dei tre re. Chicago, Lyric, 28 November 1955
La Gioconda. Trieste, Castello di San Giusto, 16 July 1956
Il trovatore. New York, MET, 13 November 1956
Fior di Maria. Milan, RAI, 30 January 1957
La bohème. Caracas, Teatro Municipal, October 1957
Macbeth. New York, MET, 5 February 1959
L'elisir d'amore. San Sebastian, Victoria Eugenia, 26 August 1959
Ernani. New York, MET, 26 November 1962
La Wally. New York, Carnegie Hall, 13 March 1968
Werther. Naples, Teatro San Carlo, 11 February 1969
Aida. Parma, Teatro Regio, date unk.
La forza del destino. Parma, Teatro Regio, date unk.
Norma. New York, MET, 3 March 1970
Luisa Miller. Genoa, Teatro Margherita, 20 September 1972
Edgar. New York, Carnegie Hall, 13 April 1977
I Lombardi alla prima crociata. San Diego, Russ Auditorium, 22 June 1979
Il corsaro. New York, Town Hall, 16 December 1981
Attila. Tulsa, Chapman Music Hall, 6 March 1982
Oberto. Munich, Bavarian Radio Recording Studio, 4–12 March 1983
Otello - acts 1 and 2. New York, Carnegie Hall, 3 May 2000

Videography
 James Levine's 25th Anniversary Metropolitan Opera Gala (1996), Deutsche Grammophon DVD, B0004602-09

 Honour
 : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (11 january 2011)

ReferencesNotesSources'''

List of Bergonzi's recordings, 1951 to 1889, on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
Rosenthal, Harold (1998),  "Bergonzi, Carlo" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'', Vol. One, pp. 421. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.

External links

Interview with Carlo Bergonzi by Bruce Duffie, September 30, 1981

1924 births
2014 deaths
Musicians from the Province of Parma
Italian operatic tenors
20th-century Italian  male opera singers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Parma Conservatory alumni

Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)


Perry Franklin Carter Green, más conocido como Perry Carter (nacido el  en Washington D. C.) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense. Con 2.04 de estatura, su puesto natural en la cancha era el de pívot.

Biografía
Juega durante cuatro años para los Buckeyes de la Universidad de Ohio State. Después desarrollaría toda su carrera en distintas ligas de Europa, dejando huella en España, donde juega para siete equipos y donde adquiriría la nacionalidad española.

Trayectoria
1987-91: Universidad de Ohio State
1991-92: Caen Basket
1992-94: Club Baloncesto Guadalajara
1994-95: Club Baloncesto Salamanca
1995-97: Gráficas García Inca
1997-98: Gijón Baloncesto
1997-98: Baloncesto León
1999-00: Bàsquet Manresa
2000-01: Maccabi Givat Shmuel
2000-01: London Towers
2001-03: PAOK Salónica BC
2002-03:  Bàsquet Muro

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en ACB.com

Baloncestistas de Washington D. C.
Baloncestistas de la Liga ACB
Baloncestistas de los Ohio State Buckeyes
Baloncestistas del Club Baloncesto Salamanca
Baloncestistas del Baloncesto León
Baloncestistas del Gijón Baloncesto
Baloncestistas del Bàsquet Manresa
Baloncestistas del Club Baloncesto Guadalajara
Baloncestistas de los London Towers
Baloncestistas del PAOK Salónica
Baloncestistas del Club Basquet Inca
Baloncestistas del Maccabi Givat Shmuel
Nacidos en Washington D. C.

Perry Carter


Alsuviricetes é uma classe de vírus de RNA de fita positiva que infectam eucariotos . O nome do grupo é uma abreviatura syllabic de "ai pha su pergroup" com o sufixo -viricetes indicando uma classe de vírus .

Taxonomia
As seguintes ordens são reconhecidas:

 Hepelivirales
 Martellivirales
 Tymovirales

Referências

Vírus
Tymovirales

Alsuviricetes


EL/M-2075 Phalcon je zračni radarski sustav za rano upozoravanje i kontrolu (AEW&C) s aktivnim elektroničkim skeniranjem i razvijen od strane Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) i Elta Electronics Industries iz Izraela. Njegov primarni cilj je pružanje obavještajnih podataka za održavanje nadmoći u zraku i provođenje nadzora. Nadmašile su ga novije verzije — EL/W-2085 i EL/W-2090.

Dizajn i karakteristike
EL/M-2075 je poluvodički L-pojasni konformni radarski sustav za korištenje na Boeingu 707 i drugim zrakoplovima. Phalcon, kako se naziva kompletan paket AEW misije, namijenjen je za rano upozoravanje u zraku, taktičko nadziranje ciljeva u zraku i na površini te prikupljanje obavještajnih podataka. Također integrira sposobnosti zapovijedanja i kontrole potrebne za korištenje ovih informacija. Sustav koristi šest panela elemenata faznog niza: dva sa svake strane trupa, jedan u povećanom nosnom konusu i jedan ispod repa. Svaki niz se sastoji od 768 tekućinom hlađenih, poluvodičkih odašiljačkih i prijamnih elemenata, od kojih je svaki odmjeren u fazi i amplitudi. Ove elemente pokreću pojedinačni moduli i svakih osam modula povezano je s grupom za odašiljanje/prijem. Grupe od 16 od ovih osam paketa modula povezane su natrag na ono što je opisano kao jedinica za predprijem/prijem, a središnja šestosmjerna kontrola koristi se za prebacivanje jedinica prije odašiljanja/prijema različitih nizova na temelju vremenske podjele. Kako se koristio u njegovoj aplikaciji temeljenoj na čileanskom Boeingu 707, bočne oplate bile su veličine približno 12 × 2 m. Svaki niz skenira određeni sektor azimuta, pružajući ukupnu pokrivenost od 360°. Skeniranje se provodi elektroničkim putem i po azimutu i po elevaciji. Radarski načini rada uključuju visoku PRF pretragu i puno praćenje, praćenje tijekom skeniranja, spori način otkrivanja skeniranja za  male brzine helikoptera  i niski PRF način otkrivanja broda.

Umjesto korištenja rotodomea, pokretnog radara koji se nalazi na nekim AEW&C zrakoplovima, Phalcon koristi Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), radar s aktivnom faznom rešetkom. Ovaj radar sastoji se od niza modula za odašiljanje/prijem (T/R) koji omogućuju elektroničko upravljanje snopom, čineći fizički rotirajući rotodome nepotrebnim. AESA radari rade na pseudoslučajnom skupu frekvencija i također imaju vrlo kratke brzine skeniranja, što ih čini teškim za otkrivanje i ometanje. Do 100 ciljeva može se pratiti istovremeno u rasponu od 200 nmi (370 km), dok se u isto vrijeme može voditi više od desetak presretanja zrak-zrak ili napada zrak-zemlja. Radar se može montirati na trup zrakoplova ili na vrh unutar male kupole. Bilo koji položaj daje radaru pokrivenost od 360 stupnjeva. Radar s faznom rešetkom omogućuje ažuriranje položaja zrakoplova na zaslonima operatera svake 2-4 sekunde, umjesto svakih 20-40 sekundi kao što je slučaj na rotodome AWACS-u.

Operateri

 Izrael
 Čile

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Phalcon
 IAI Phalcon 707

Vojni zrakoplovi
Izraelska vojna vozila

EL/M-2075 Phalcon


පක්ෂියෙකු හෝ වෙනත් කිසිවෙකු දූත මෙහෙවරෙහි යොදා යැවෙන සන්දේශයක් හෙවත් අස්නක් සේ රචිත කාව්‍යය විශේෂය සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය හෙවත් දූත කාව්‍ය නමින් හැඳින්වේ. ලෝක සාහිත්‍යයෙහි හමු වන පළමු දූත කාව්‍යය සංස්කෘත මහා කවි කාලිදාස ලියූ මේඝ දූතය යි.
සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය ලක්‍ෂණ වශයෙන්, සංස්කෘත පඬුවෝ කරුණු නවයක් දැක්වූ හ.
ප්‍රසිද්ධ පුරුෂයකු හෝ ස්ත්‍රියක කතා නායකයා කිරීම.
දූතයා වංශාදියෙන් සුන්දරයෙකු වීම.
ඉතිහාස කතාවක් හෝ ආශිර්වාදයක් හෝ පූර්ව වීම.
කුශල ප්‍රශ්නය මුල් කොට ගෙන දූතයා වැනීම.
යා යුතු තැන් කීම.
මාර්ග දේශාදි වර්ණනා කිරීම.
දේශ නගරී නායකයනට ස්තූතිය
වෘතාන්තය කීම
දූතාශීර්වාදය
මින් ඉතිහාස කතා පූර්ව කොට ගෙන සඳේශ රචනා නො කෙරිණි.  ඉතිරි රීති අනුගමනය කරන ලදි.

සිංහල සන්දේශ කාව්‍යාවලිය

මයුර සන්දේශය
මෙය ලංකාදීපයේ පැරණිතම කාව්‍ය සංදේශයයි. කවීශ්වර නම්, ගුරුළුගෝමී ගේ මුණුපුරකු විසින් රචිත ය. පද්‍ය සංඛ්‍යාව 163කි. පස් වන බුවනෙකබාහු රජු හා යටත් ජනයා රැක ගැනීමට අයැද, දෙවිනුවර කිහිරෙළි උපුල්වන් දෙවියන් වෙත යවනු පිණිස ලියන ලද්දකි. සාහිත්‍යික අගයෙන් දෙ වැනි වනුයේ සැළලිහිණි සන්දේශයට පමණි  ලංකාවේ ඉපැරණි සම්භාව්‍ය ගනයේ සන්දේශ  කාව්‍ය  කි දෙව්න්දර පැරණි ගණදෙවි කෝවිල
ගැන  සදහන් වේ

තිසර සංදේශය

ගම්පොළ යුගයේ රචනා වී ඇත. දැතිගම්පුර පස් වන පැරකුම්බා සහ ඔහුගේ ඇමති මණ්ඩලය ද, මවු ද, ආරක්‍ෂා කරන ලෙස උපුල් දෙවියන් අයැදීම පරමාර්ථ කොට ගෙන රචිත ය. පද්‍ය සංඛ්‍යාව 187කි. කර්තෘ අවිනිශ්චිත ය. කර්තෘ, දෙවිනුවර මහා විහාරයේ ප්‍රධාන ස්ථවිරයන් වහන්සේ බවට සාක්‍ෂ්‍ය පවතී යයි, කුමාරතුංග මුණිදාස අදහස් දක්වා ඇත.

කෝකිල (කොවුල්) සන්දේශය
සපුමල් කුමාරයා කතා නායකයා වන අතර, මෙය පිළිගන්වනු ලබන්න්නේ ඔහුට ය. කර්තෘ දෙවිනුවර ඉරුගල් කුලයට අයත් තිලක පිරුවන් හිමි ය. දෙවිනුවර සිට යාපා පටුන දක්වා මග විස්තර කෙරෙන මෙය, දීර්ඝත ම සිංහල සංදේශය යි. ආර්ය චක්‍රවර්තී රජු පරදවා ජය ගත්, සපුමල් කුමාරයාට හා ඔහු ගේ ඇමති ගණයා ඇතුළු සෙනගට ද, සන්හස් බෝදිනයිනා කැමිදුනට ද, ආරක්‍ෂාව සලසා දෙන ලෙස ඉල්ලීම උපුල්වන් දෙවියන්ගෙන් යැදීම මෙහි පරමාර්ථය යි.

ගිරා සන්දේශය
කෝට්ටේ යුගයේ රචනා වී ඇත. කර්තෘ සදහන් නොවේ. පද්‍ය සංඛ්‍යාව 254කි. කාව්‍යයෙහි පරමාර්ථය වූයේ පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජුට නාථ දෙවිඳු ගේ පිහිට ලබා දීම ය. නමුත් අස්න යැවෙන්නේ නාථ දෙවිඳුට නොව සිරි රහල් හිමිට ය.

හංස සන්දේශය
15 වන සියවසේ දී රචිත ය. පිරිත් දෙසා, දෙවියනට පින් දී, පැරකුම් බා රජුන් රකින ලෙස දෙවියන් අයැදින ලෙස කවියා කෑරගල වනරතන හිමියන් ගෙන් ඉල්ලයි.මෙය වීදාගම හිමියන් ලියන ලදි.

කහ කුරුළු සන්දේශය
15 වන සියවස අග දී රජ පැමිණි, වීර පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජ දවස, දික්වැල්ලේ කඳවුරු කුලයට අයත් වූ සාමණේර නමක් විසින් රචිත, ගලගම සිට කතරගමට යැවෙන සන්දේශයකි.

සැවුල් සන්දේශය
සීතාවක රාජසිංහ රජු හා ඔහු ගේ සේනාව ආරක්‍ෂා කර දෙන ලෙස, සපරගමුවේ සුමන සමන් දෙවියන්ගෙන් ඉල්ලමින්, අලගියවන්න මොහොට්ටාල විසින් රචිත ය. අමනාපව සිටින රජු සතුටු කොට, නැවත ඔහු ගේ ප්‍රසාදය බලාපොරොත්තුව මෙය ලීවේ යැයි සිතීමට තුඩු දෙන රජ වැනුම් රාශියකි.

මග සලකුණ
17 වන සියවස මුල දී රචිත ය. සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය ලක්‍ෂණ ඇතත්, දූත වැනුම් හෝ හසුනක් ඇතුළත් නො වන මෙය, බදුල්ලේ සිට මහනුවර දළදා මාළිගයට එන මග වනමින් රචිත වර්ණනා මාලාවකි.

නීලකොබෝ සන් දේශය
අසනීපයෙන් සිටින තමාව සුව පත් කරන මෙන් ඉල්ලා, බරණ ගණිතාචාර්ය විසින් රචිත ය.

19 වන හා 20වන සියවස
19 වන සියවස මුල් අවධියේ රචනා වූ නාරි සංදේශය  ට අමතරව විසි වන සියවස අවධියේ දී, බහුල වශයෙන් සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය ලියැවී ඇත්තේ, සමාජයේ දුබල තැන් උපහාසයට ලක් කරමින් ය.

මූලාශ්‍ර
 සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය ප්‍රවේශය (1964), ආනන්ද W.P. ගුරුගේ
සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය

සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය


Malonogometni kup regije Zapad je jedan od četiri kvalifikacijska regionalna kupa za Hrvatski malonogometni kup za sezonu 2014./15., igran na području zapadne Hrvatske. Kup je osvojio klub "Rab".

Sustav natjecanja
Kup se igra jednostrukim kup-sustavom krajem 2014. i početkom 2015. godine. U natjecanju sudjeluju futsal klubovi iz 2. HMNL - Zapad i 1. HMNL koji nemaju osiguran plasman u Hrvatski malonogometni kup, te pobjednici županijskih kupova s ovog područja. Pobjednik stječe pravo nastupa u Hrvatskom kupu za 2014./15.

Rezultati

Prvi krug

Poluzavršnica

Završnica

Povezani članci
 Hrvatski malonogometni kup
 Hrvatski malonogometni kup 2014./15.
 Hrvatski malonogometni kup – regija Jug 2014./15.
 Hrvatski malonogometni kup – regija Sjever 2014./15.
 Druga hrvatska malonogometna liga 2014./15.

Vanjske poveznice
 hns-cff.hr, Hrvatski malonogometni kup
 crofutsal.com, Hrvatski malonogometni kup

Izvori

zapad 2014-15

Hrvatski malonogometni kup – regija Zapad 2014./15.


was a town located in Soo District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,986 and a density of 122.24 persons per km². The total area was 98.05 km².

On January 1, 2006, Ariake, along with the towns of Shibushi (former) and Matsuyama (all from Soo District), was merged to create the city of Shibushi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links
 Official website of Shibushi

References
 Japanese Wikipedia article on Soo District

Dissolved municipalities of Kagoshima Prefecture

Ariake, Kagoshima


Kapıkaya, Adana ilinin Karaisalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya

Adana iline 54 km, Karaisalı ilçesine 4 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Karaisalı'nın mahalleleri

Kapıkaya, Karaisalı


An Schoenus capillifolius in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Alan Cooke. An Schoenus capillifolius in nahilalakip ha genus nga Schoenus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Schoenus

Schoenus capillifolius


Alfredo Versace, İtalyan Briç millî takımının başlıca oyuncularından biridir. Düzenli olarak ortağı Lorenzo Lauria ile oynamaktadır. Bridge Base Online'da kullandığı takma isim nevaio'dur.

1969 doğumlular
İtalyan briç oyuncuları
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan kişiler
Yaşayan insanlar

Alfredo Versace


Barry Madlener (* 6. Januar 1969 in Leiden) ist ein niederländischer Politiker. Er steht der Partij voor de Vrijheid nahe, die er in mehreren Parlamenten vertreten hat.

Leben
Madlener wuchs im Ort Oostvoorne (Ortsteil von Voorne aan Zee) auf und schloss seine Ausbildung mit dem Havo in Rotterdam ab. Danach war er als Immobilienmakler tätig; diesen Beruf gab er erst 2008 auf. Er und Kay van der Linde waren 2001 unter den Parteigründern von Leefbaar Rotterdam (deutsch: Lebenswertes Rotterdam) und Leefbaar Nederland, die ideologisch dem Parteichef Pim Fortuyn folgte. Madlener galt als ein Vertrauter Fortuyns, welcher im Mai 2002 ermordet wurde. Madlener wurde am 14. März 2002 Mitglied im Stadtrat von Rotterdam für Leefbar Rotterdam, die in einem Überraschungserfolg bei den Wahlen 17 Sitze errungen hatte. Madlener wurde Sprecher seiner Partei für Infrastrukturmaßnahmen und setzte sich besonders für einen Universitätscampus der Erasmus-Universität Rotterdam ein. Er trat ferner für ein Verschleierungsverbot in kommunalen Behörden ein, und für die verpflichtende Teilnahme muslimischer Mädchen im gemischtgeschlechtlichen Sportunterricht. Aus dem Stadtrat schied Madlener zum 1. Juli 2007 aus.

Madlener entfernte sich zunehmend von bisherigen Parteifreunden wie Marco Pastors oder Joost Eerdmans und zählte zu den prominenten Unterstützern von Geert Wilders, der 2005 aus der VVD austrat, um im Anschluss seine Einmannpartei Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) zu gründen. Wilders wählte Madlener aus, um die PVV parlamentarisch zu vertreten. Madlener war darum seit dem 30. November 2006 bis zum 14. Juli 2009 Abgeordneter der PVV-Fraktion in der Zweiten Kammer der Generalstaaten.

Vom 14. Juli 2009 bis zum 19. September 2012 war Madlener dann für die PVV Abgeordneter im Europäischen Parlament sowie zugleich dortiger PVV-Fraktionssprecher. Er beteiligte sich unter anderem im Ausschuss für auswärtige Angelegenheiten und für die parlamentarische Zusammenarbeit mit der Türkei. Dabei vertrat er die Position, dass die Niederlande zu viel für die EU bezahlten, und dass die Türkei nicht EU-Mitglied werden solle. Im September 2012 kehrte er dann in die Zweite Kammer zurück, in welche er bei den Parlamentswahlen 2012 gewählt wurde. Er fiel unter anderem mit der Forderung auf, Hunde auf "marokkanische Steinewerfer" in den niederländischen Straßen loszulassen. Er wurde 2017 wiedergewählt.

Madlener wohnt in Rockanje (Ortsteil von Voorne aan Zee) und lebt privat seit 2002 mit einer Kroatin zusammen.

Nachweise
 Parlamentsprofil, Europaparlament
 Parlamentsprofil, Zweite Kammer der Generalstaaten
 Profil von B. Madlener bei Parlement.com
 eigene Kurzbiografie, veröffentlicht über die Zweite Kammer der Generalstaaten: B. Madlener

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für die Niederlande
Mitglied der Zweiten Kammer der Generalstaaten
PVV-Mitglied
Niederländer
Geboren 1969
Mann

Barry Madlener


Manel Ferrer Estany es un historietista español, nacido en Suria (Barcelona) en 1940, cuya serie más conocida es Manolo e Irene de carácter erótico-cómico. Firma como Manel, Ferrer, Nelito y Nolo.

Biografía
Manel Ferrer inició su carrera profesional en 1961, al entrar en la agencia Selecciones Ilustradas, desde la que produjo una gran variedad de cómics para el mercado internacional. Simultaneó todo ello con su trabajo en Cavall Fort.

Durante el boom del cómic adulto en España, creó su serie más popular, Manolo e Irene para la revista El Papus (1978). Ya en los años noventa, trabajó en el suplemento "Mini Mundo".

Obra

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
El Manolo y la Irene, página oficial del autor
Comic creator: Manel Ferrer en la Comiclopedia de Lambiek (inglés)

Historietistas de Barcelona
Nacidos en Suria

Manel Ferrer


فوكستروت  هي رقصة اجتماعية مشتركة، تُرقص من طرف اثنين وتنتمي إلى برنامج الرقص العالمي. ظهرت رقصة فوكستروت بين عامي 1910 و1915 في أمريكا الشمالية. ووصلت إلى أوروبا بعدَ انتهاء الحرب العالمية الأولى.

مراجع

رقص
رقصة بولروم
مصطلحات رقص

فوكستروت


Christian Bickel (* 27. Januar 1991 in Bad Langensalza) ist ein deutscher Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Jugend
Bickel begann seine Karriere in den Jugendteams von Fortuna Gräfentonna und Wacker 03 Gotha, bevor er 2009 in die Jugend des FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt wechselte. Bereits nach einer Saison verließ Bickel Erfurt und schloss sich der A-Jugend (U-19) des SC Freiburg an. Am 22. Mai 2010 (33. Spieltag) feierte er beim 2:0-Auswärtssieg der zweiten Mannschaft (U-23) gegen den 1. FC Nürnberg II sein Debüt im Seniorenbereich, als er in der 90. Minute für Sandro Sirigu eingewechselt wurde. Zur Saison 2010/11 wurde Bickel fest in den Kader der zweiten Mannschaft aufgenommen und wurde Stammspieler.

Profispieler
Zur Saison 2011/12 erhielt er einen Profivertrag mit Laufzeit bis zum 30. Juni 2015 und stand im Profikader. Parallel wurde Bickel in der zweiten Mannschaft weiter eingesetzt. Während der Hinrunde zog er sich einen Bänderriss im Sprunggelenk zu. Um schneller wieder Anschluss zu finden, wurde er am Ende der Winterpause an den SSV Jahn Regensburg in die 3. Liga ausgeliehen. Am 4. Februar 2012 (24. Spieltag) feierte er bei der 1:2-Niederlage gegen den VfR Aalen sein Profidebüt, als er in der 69. Spielminute für Selçuk Alibaz eingewechselt wurde. In seiner dritten Partie gegen den FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, spielte er erstmals von Beginn an, doch nach einer Viertelstunde war nach einem Mittelfußbruch nicht nur das Spiel, sondern die gesamte Saison für ihn beendet. Auch ohne seine Mithilfe sicherte sich Jahn Regensburg Platz 3 und anschließend in der Relegation den Aufstieg in die 2. Bundesliga. Zur Saison 2012/13 kehrte Bickel zum SC Freiburg zurück.

Anfang Januar 2013 wechselte Bickel ablösefrei zum Zweitligisten Energie Cottbus. Er unterschrieb einen bis Ende Juni 2015 laufenden Vertrag, doch bereits im Sommer 2014 wechselte er zu Hansa Rostock. In der Drittligasaison 2014/15 absolvierte er bei Hansa 36 Spiele und erzielte sieben Treffer. Hinzu kamen fünf Einsätze im Landespokal und der Siegtreffer in der 43. Minute zum 1:0 im Finale gegen die TSG Neustrelitz. Im März 2015 wurde er zum Drittligaspieler des Monats gewählt.

Nach drei weiteren Drittligaeinsätzen in Saison 2015/16 und einem DFB-Pokalspiel (gegen den 1. FC Kaiserslautern 4:5 n. E.) für die Hanseaten verließ Bickel Rostock und wechselte nach Paderborn in die 2. Bundesliga. Wegen eines Außenbandanrisses im Knie kam Bickel in dieser Saison in Paderborn auf nur 10 Ligaeinsätze und stieg mit dem SC am Saisonende aus der 2. Bundesliga ab. Zur Saison 2017/18 wurde er für ein Jahr an den 3. Liga-Konkurrenten VfL Osnabrück ausgeliehen.

Zur Saison 2018/19 wechselte Bickel zum FSV Zwickau. Nachdem er dort in seiner ersten Saison noch auf 20 Ligaeinsätze gekommen war, fand er in der folgenden Saison 2019/20 weitestgehend keine Berücksichtigung mehr und wurde nur noch in zwei Ligaspielen eingesetzt.

Nach Auflösung seines Vertrages im Sommer 2020 schloss sich Bickel daraufhin dem Regionalligisten Chemnitzer FC an. Bis zur Einstellung des Spielbetriebs in der Saison 2020/21 ab November 2020 aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland konnte er sich dort als Stammspieler durchsetzen. Unter anderem gelang ihm im Ligaspiel gegen den Berliner AK 07 am 3. Oktober 2020 ein Treffer zum zwischenzeitlichen 2:2-Ausgleich (Endstand 4:2), der anschließend als Tor des Monats ausgezeichnet wurde. Trotz einer restlichen Vertragslaufzeit von einem Jahr erklärte er zum Saisonende im Sommer 2022 das Ende seiner Profikarriere. Stattdessen schloss er sich im Amateurbereich dem Thüringer Landesligisten SV Blau-Weiß 91 Bad Frankenhausen an.

Erfolge
Vereinserfolge
 Aufstieg in die 2. Bundesliga 2012 (mit Jahn Regensburg)
 Landespokalsieger Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2015 (mit dem F.C. Hansa Rostock)

Persönliche Auszeichnungen
 3. Liga-Spieler des Monats: März 2015
 Tor des Monats: Oktober 2020

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt)
Fußballspieler (SC Freiburg)
Fußballspieler (SSV Jahn Regensburg)
Fußballspieler (Hansa Rostock)
Fußballspieler (Energie Cottbus)
Fußballspieler (SC Paderborn 07)
Fußballspieler (VfL Osnabrück)
Fußballspieler (FSV Zwickau)
Fußballspieler (Chemnitzer FC)
Deutscher
Geboren 1991
Mann

Christian Bickel


Majda Milinović (Osijek, 1991.) hrvatska je glazbena umjetnica, direktorica AKUD Strossmayer, dirigentica Akademskog pjevačkog zbora Strossmayer, dirigentica je Dječjeg zbora Osječki zumbići, članica je Vokalnog ansabla Brevis, doktorica znanosti i asistentica na Odsjeku za glazbenu umjetnost na Akademiji za umjetnost i kulturu Sveučilišta u Osijeku. Dobitnica je velikog broja nagrada, objavila je veći broj znanstvenih radova te je nastupala na najvećim pozornicama u svijetu, kao što su Carnegie Hall u New Yorku, Grand Philharmonic Hall u Sankt Peterburgu i Sydney Opera House u Sydneyu kao članica Vokalnog ansambla Brevis.

Životopis

Mladost i obrazovanje
Majda Milinović rođena je 1991. godine u Osijeku (Hrvatska). 2010. godine maturirala je u Isusovačkoj klasičnoj gimnaziji s pravom javnosti u Osijeku. 2015. godine je diplomirala na studiju Glazbena pedagogija na Umjetničkoj akademiji u Osijeku te stekla akademski stupanj magistra glazbene pedagogije. Iste godine zapošljava se na Umjetničkoj akademiji u Osijeku kao asistentica. Dobitnica je dekaničine nagrade za poseban uspjeh tijekom studiranja u umjetničkom radu na polju glazbene pedagogije i umjetnosti 2014. godine, a kao zaposlenici Odsjeka za glazbenu umjetnost dodijeljeno joj je 2017. godine priznanje za izuzetno zalaganje u umjetničko-znanstvenim istraživanjima. Doktorirala je 2021. godine na Poslijediplomskom interdisciplinarnom sveučilišnom studiju Kulturologija, smjer Kultura, umjetnost i književnost u europskom kontekstu Doktorske škole Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku.

Glazbeno-pedagoški rad

Osječki zumbići

Dječji zbor Osječki zumbići je osnovan 1989. godine, a od 1998. djeluju u sastavu Glazbene radionice mladih Polifonija u Osijeku, od 2018. Institut za zborsku glazbu Polifonija. Od 2013. godine su dirigentice i voditeljice Majda Milinović i Anja Papa, a klavirska suradnica je Martina Proleta.

Akademski pjevački zbor "Strossmayer"

Akademsko kulturno umjetničko društvo "Strossmayer" okuplja studente i zaposlenike osječkog Sveučilišta. Majda Milinović vodi Akademski pjevački zbor Strossmayer od 2018. godine. Zbor broji oko 40 članova.

Vokalni ansambl Brevis

Vokalni ansambl Brevis je osnovan 1996. godine, a od 1998. godine djeluje u sastavu GRM Polifonija, kasnije u okviru Instituta za zborsku glazbu Polifonija. Majda Milinović sudjeluje u radu Instituta za zborsku glazbu Polifonija od 2013. godine.

Nagrade i priznanja
 2019.: Prva nagrada na International Choir Championship "Lege Artis", Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina (Dirigentica Dječjeg zbora Osječki zumbići)
 2018.: Nagrada "Oskar znanja" (Agencija za odgoj i obrazovanje, Ministarstvo znanosti i obrazovanja RH) za osvojeno prvo mjesto na državnom natjecanju s Dječjim zborom Osječki zumbići
 2018.: Prva nagrada i zlatna plaketa na 61. Glazbenim svečanostima hrvatske mladeži u Varaždinu - dirigentica Dječjeg zbora Osječki zumbići
 2017.: Priznanje Vijeća Akademije Umjetničke akademije u Osijeku za izuzetno zalaganje u umjetničko-znanstvenim istraživanjima
 2017.: Nagrada "Oskar znanja" (Agencija za odgoj i obrazovanje, Ministarstvo znanosti i obrazovanja RH) za osvojeno prvo mjesto na državnom natjecanju s Dječjim zborom Osječki zumbići
 2017.: Prva nagrada i srebrna plaketa na 60. Glazbenim svečanostima hrvatske mladeži u Varaždinu - dirigentica Dječjeg zbora Osječki zumbići
 2015.: Dječji festival "Vedrofon" - druga nagrada s Dječjim zborom Osječki zumbići
 2014.: Dječji festival "Vedrofon" - druga nagrada s Dječjim zborom Osječki zumbići
 Dekaničina nagrada za poseban uspjeh tokom studiranja u umjetničkom radu na polju glazbene pedagogije i umjetnosti (Akademija za umjetnost i kulturu u Osijeku)

Izvori
 dr.sc. Majda Milinović službena biografija
 Majda Milinović - LinkedIn

Vanjske poveznice
Mrežna mjesta
 Bibliografija Majde Milinović, CROSBI
 Vokalni ansambl Brevis
 Brevis u Carnegie Hallu u New Yorku
 Akademsko kulturno umjetničko društvo Strossmayer
 Glas Slavonije o Polifoniji
 Majda Milinović i Antoaneta Radočaj-Jerković o Osječkim zumbićima na Slavonskoj televiziji

Hrvatski dirigenti
Životopisi, Osijek

Majda Milinović


Radiative forcing (or climate forcing) is the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by natural or anthropogenic factors of climate change as measured in watts per meter squared. It is a scientific concept used to quantify and compare the external drivers of change to Earth's energy balance. These external drivers are distinguished from climate feedbacks and internal variability, which also influence the direction and magnitude of imbalance.

Positive radiative forcing means Earth receives more incoming energy from sunlight than it radiates to space. This net gain of energy will cause warming. Conversely, negative radiative forcing means that Earth loses more energy to space than it receives from the Sun, which produces cooling. A planet in radiative equilibrium with its parent star and the rest of space can be characterized by net zero radiative forcing and by a planetary equilibrium temperature.

Radiative forcing on Earth is meaningfully evaluated at the tropopause and at the top of the stratosphere. It is quantified in units of watts per square meter, and often summarized as an average over the total surface area of the globe. Radiative forcing varies with solar insolation, surface albedo, and the atmospheric concentrations of radiatively active gases – commonly known as greenhouse gases – and aerosols.

Definition

Radiative forcing is defined as:

Radiative forcing is a measure of the influence a factor has in altering the balance of incoming and outgoing energy in the Earth-atmosphere system and is an index of the importance of the factor as a potential climate change mechanism. In this report radiative forcing values are for changes relative to preindustrial conditions defined at 1750 and are expressed in Watts [sic] per square meter (W/m2).

In simple terms, radiative forcing is "...the rate of energy change per unit area of the globe as measured at the top of the atmosphere." In the context of climate change, the term "forcing" is restricted to changes in the radiation balance of the surface-troposphere system imposed by external factors, with no changes in stratospheric dynamics, no surface and tropospheric feedbacks in operation (i.e., no secondary effects induced because of changes in tropospheric motions or its thermodynamic state), and no dynamically induced changes in the amount and distribution of atmospheric water (vapour, liquid, and solid forms).

Radiation balance

Almost all of the energy that affects Earth's climate is received as radiant energy from the Sun. The planet and its atmosphere absorb and reflect some of the energy, while long-wave energy is radiated back into space. The balance between absorbed and radiated energy determines the average global temperature. Because the atmosphere absorbs some of the re-radiated long-wave energy, the planet is warmer than it would be in the absence of the atmosphere: see greenhouse effect.

The radiation balance is altered by such factors as the intensity of solar energy, reflectivity of clouds or gases, absorption by various greenhouse gases or surfaces and heat emission by various materials. Any such alteration is a radiative forcing, which along with its feedbacks, ultimately changes the balance. This happens continuously as sunlight hits the surface, clouds and aerosols form, the concentrations of atmospheric gases vary and seasons alter the groundcover.

Basic estimates

Radiative forcing can be evaluated for its dependence on different factors which are external to the climate system.  Except where necessary and noted, the basic estimates which follow do not include indirect feedbacks (positive or negative) which also occur via Earth system responses.  Forcings (ΔF) are expressed as changes over the total surface of the planet and over a specified time interval.  Estimates may be significant in the context of global climate forcing for times spanning decades or longer.

Forcing due to changes in solar irradiance

The intensity of solar irradiance including all wavelengths is the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and on average is the solar constant.  It is equal to about 1361 W m−2 at the distance of Earth's annual-mean orbital radius of one astronomical unit and as measured at the top of the atmosphere.  Earth TSI varies with both solar activity and planetary orbital dynamics.  Multiple satellite-based instruments including ERB, ACRIM 1-3, VIRGO, and TIM have continuously measured TSI with improving accuracy and precision since 1978.

Approximating Earth as a sphere, the cross-sectional area exposed to the Sun () is equal to one quarter the area of the planet's surface (). The globally and annually averaged amount of solar irradiance per square meter of Earth's atmospheric surface () is therefore equal to one quarter of TSI, and has a nearly constant value of .

Annual cycles

Earth follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun such that TSI received at any instance fluctuates between about 1321 W m−2 (at aphelion in early July) and 1412 W m−2 (at perihelion in early January), or thus by about ±3.4% during each year.  This change in irradiance has minor influences on Earth's seasonal weather patterns and its climate zones, which primarily result from the annual cycling in Earth's relative tilt direction.  Such repeating cycles contribute a net-zero forcing (by definition) in the context of decades-long climate changes.

Sunspot activity

Average annual TSI varies between about 1360 W m−2 and 1362 W m−2 (±0.05%) over the course of a typical 11-year sunspot activity cycle.  Sunspot observations have been recorded since about year 1600 and show evidence of lengthier oscillations (Gleissberg cycle, Devries/Seuss cycle, etc.) which modulate the 11-year cycle (Schwabe cycle).  Despite such complex behavior, the amplitude of the 11-year cycle has been the most prominent variation throughout this long-term observation record.

TSI variations associated with sunspots contribute a small but non-zero net forcing in the context of decadal climate changes. Some research suggests they may have partly influenced climate shifts during the Little Ice Age, along with concurrent changes in volcanic activity and deforestation.  Since the late 20th century, average TSI has trended slightly lower along with a downward trend in sunspot activity.

Milankovitch shifts

Climate forcing caused by variations in solar irradiance have occurred during Milankovitch cycles, which span periods of about 40,000 to 100,000 years.   Milankovitch cycles consist of long-duration cycles in Earth's orbital eccentricity (or ellipticity), cycles in its orbital obliquity (or axial tilt), and precession of its relative tilt direction.  Among these, the 100,000 year cycle in eccentricity causes TSI to fluctuate by about ±0.2%.  Currently, Earth's eccentricity is nearing its least elliptic (most circular) causing average annual TSI to very slowly decrease.  Simulations also indicate that Earth's orbital dynamics will remain stable including these variations for least the next 10 million years.

Sun aging

The Sun has consumed about half its hydrogen fuel since forming approximately 4.5 billion years ago.  TSI will continue to slowly increase during the aging process at a rate of about 1% each 100 million years.   Such rate of change is far too small to be detectable within measurements and is insignificant on human timescales.

TSI forcing summary

The maximum fractional variations (Δτ) in Earth's solar irradiance during the last decade are summarized in the accompanying table.  Each variation previously discussed contributes a forcing of:
 ,
where R=0.30 is Earth's reflectivity.  The radiative and climate forcings arising from changes in the Sun's insolation are expected to continue to be minor, notwithstanding some as-of-yet undiscovered solar physics.

Forcing due to changes in albedo

A fraction of incident solar radiation is reflected by clouds and aerosols, oceans and landforms, snow and ice, vegetation, and other natural and man-made surface features.  The reflected fraction is known as Earth's bond albedo (R), is evaluated at the top of the atmosphere, and has an average annual global value of about 0.30 (30%).  The overall fraction of solar power absorbed by Earth is then (1-R) or 0.70 (70%).

Atmospheric components contribute about three-quarters of Earth albedo, and clouds alone are responsible for half.  The pronounced roles of clouds and water vapor are linked with the majority presence of liquid water covering the planet's crust.  Global patterns in cloud formation and circulation are highly complex phenomena with couplings to ocean heat flows, and with jet streams assisting their rapid transport.  Moreover, the albedos of Earth's northern and southern hemispheres have been observed to be essentially equal (within 0.2%). This is noteworthy since more than two-thirds of land and 85% of the human population are distributed north.

Multiple satellite-based instruments including MODIS, VIIRs, and CERES have continuously monitored Earth's albedo since 1998.  Landsat imagery available since 1972 has also been used in some studies.  Measurement accuracy has improved and results have converged in recent years, enabling more confident assessment of the recent decadal forcing influence of planetary albedo.   Nevertheless, the existing data record is still too short to support longer-term predictions or to address other related questions.

Annual cycles
Seasonal variations in planetary albedo can be understood as a set of system feedbacks that occur largely in response to the yearly cycling of Earth's relative tilt direction.  Along with the atmospheric responses, most apparent to surface dwellers are the changes in vegetation, snow, and sea-ice coverage.  Intra-annual variations of about ±0.02 (± 7%) around Earth's mean albedo have been observed throughout the course of a year, with maxima occurring twice per year near the time of each solar equinox.  This repeating cycle contributes net-zero forcing in the context of decades-long climate changes.

Interannual variability

Regional albedos change from year to year due to shifts arising from natural processes, human actions, and system feedbacks.  For example, human acts of deforestion typically raise Earth's reflectivity while introducing water storage and irrigation to arid lands may lower it. Likewise considering feedbacks, ice loss in arctic regions decreases albedo while expanding desertification at low to middle latitudes increases it.

During years 2000-2012, no overall trend in Earth's albedo was discernible within the 0.1% standard deviation of values measured by CERES.   Along with the hemispherical equivalence,  some researchers interpret the remarkably small interannual differences as evidence that planetary albedo may currently be constrained by the action of complex system feedbacks.  Nevertheless, historical evidence also suggests that infrequent events such as major volcanic eruptions can significantly perturb the planetary albedo for several years or longer.

Albedo forcing summary

The measured fractional variations (Δα) in Earth's albedo during the first decade of the 21st century are summarized in the accompanying table.  Similar to TSI, the radiative forcing due to a fractional change in planetary albedo (Δα) is:
 .
Satellite observations show that various Earth system feedbacks have stabilized planetary albedo despite recent natural and human-caused shifts.  On longer timescales, it is more uncertain whether the net forcing which results from such external changes will remain minor.

Forcing due to changes in atmospheric gas

For a well-mixed greenhouse gas, radiative transfer codes that examine each spectral line for atmospheric conditions can be used to calculate the forcing ΔF as a function of a change in its concentration. These calculations may be simplified into an algebraic formulation that is specific to that gas.

Carbon dioxide
A simplified first-order approximation expression for carbon dioxide () is:

 ,

where C0 is a reference concentration in parts per million (ppm) by volume and ΔC is the concentration change in ppm.  For the purpose of some studies (e.g. climate sensitivity), C0 is taken as the concentration prior to substantial anthropogenic changes and has a value of 278 ppm as estimated for the year 1750.

 The atmospheric burden of greenhouse gases due to human activity has grown especially rapidly during the last several decades (since about year 1950).  For , the 50% increase (C/C0 = 1.5) realized as of year 2020 since 1750 corresponds to a cumulative .  Assuming no change in the emissions growth path, a doubling (C/C0 = 2) within the next several decades would correspond to a cumulative .

The relationship between  and radiative forcing is logarithmic at concentrations up to around eight times the current value.  Constant concentration increases thus have a progressively smaller warming effect. However, the first-order approximation is inaccurate at higher concentrations and there is no saturation in the absorption of infrared radiation by .

Other trace gases
Somewhat different formulae apply for other trace greenhouse gases such as methane and  (square-root dependence) or CFCs (linear), with coefficients that may be found for example in the IPCC reports.   A year 2016 study suggests a significant revision to the methane IPCC formula.  Forcings by the most influential trace gases in Earth's atmosphere are included in the section describing recent growth trends, and in the IPCC list of greenhouse gases.

Water vapor
Water vapor is Earth's primary greenhouse gas currently responsible for about half of all atmospheric gas forcing.  Its overall atmospheric concentration depends almost entirely on the average planetary temperature, and has the potential to increase by as much as 7% with every degree (°C) of temperature rise (see also: Clausius–Clapeyron relation).  Thus over long time scales, water vapor behaves as a system feedback that amplifies the radiative forcing driven by the growth of carbon dioxide and other trace gases.

Recent growth trends

Radiative forcing can be a useful way to compare the growing warming influence of different anthropogenic greenhouse gases over time.  The table and figures below (derived by researchers at NOAA from atmospheric radiative transfer models) show changes since year 1979 in the radiative forcing of the long-lived and well-mixed greenhouse gases that have been increasing in earth's atmosphere since the industrial revolution. The table includes the direct forcing contributions from carbon dioxide (), methane (), nitrous oxide (); chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 12 and 11; and fifteen other halogenated gases. These data do not include the significant forcing contributions from shorter-lived and less-well-mixed gases or aerosols; including those indirect forcings from the decay of methane and some halogens.  They also do not account for changes in land or solar activity.

These data show that  dominates the total forcing, with methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) becoming relatively smaller contributors to the total forcing over time. The five major greenhouse gases account for about 96% of the direct radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gas increases since 1750. The remaining 4% is contributed by the 15 minor halogenated gases.

It might be observed that the total forcing for year 2016, 3.027 W m−2, together with the commonly accepted value of climate sensitivity parameter λ, 0.8 K /(W m−2), results in an increase in global temperature of 2.4 K, much greater than the observed increase, about 1.2 K. Part of this difference is due to lag in the global temperature achieving steady state with the forcing. The remainder of the difference is due to negative aerosol forcing (compare climate effects of particulates), climate sensitivity being less than the commonly accepted value, or some combination thereof.

The table also includes an "Annual Greenhouse Gas Index" (AGGI), which is defined as the ratio of the total direct radiative forcing due to long-lived greenhouse gases for any year for which adequate global measurements exist to that which was present in 1990. 1990 was chosen because it is the baseline year for the Kyoto Protocol. This index is a measure of the inter-annual changes in conditions that affect carbon dioxide emission and uptake, methane and nitrous oxide sources and sinks, the decline in the atmospheric abundance of ozone-depleting chemicals related to the Montreal Protocol. and the increase in their substitutes (hydrogenated CFCs (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Most of this increase is related to . For 2013, the AGGI was 1.34 (representing an increase in total direct radiative forcing of 34% since 1990). The increase in  forcing alone since 1990 was about 46%. The decline in CFCs considerably tempered the increase in net radiative forcing.

An alternative table prepared for use in climate model intercomparisons conducted under the auspices of IPCC and including all forcings, not just those of greenhouse gases.

Direct observation

Earth's global radiation balance fluctuates as the planet rotates and orbits the Sun, and as global-scale thermal anomalies  arise and dissipate within the terrestrial, oceanic and atmospheric systems (e.g. ENSO).  Consequently, the planet's 'instantaneous radiative forcing' (IRF) is also dynamic and naturally fluctuates between states of overall warming and cooling. The combination of periodic and complex processes that give rise to these natural variations will typically revert over periods lasting as long as a few years to produce a net-zero average IRF.  Such fluctuations also mask the longer-term (decade-long) forcing trends due to human activities,  and thus make direct observation of such trends challenging.

Earth's radiation balance has been continuously monitored by NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)  instruments since year 1998.  Each scan of the globe provides an estimate of the total (all-sky) instantaneous radiation balance.  This data record captures both the natural fluctuations and human influences on IRF; including changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land surface, etc.  The record also includes the lagging radiative responses to the radiative imbalances; occurring mainly by way of Earth system feedbacks in temperature, surface albedo, atmospheric water vapor and clouds.

Researchers have used measurements from CERES, AIRS, CloudSat and other satellite-based instruments within NASA's Earth Observing System to parse out contributions by the natural fluctuations and system feedbacks.  Removing these contributions within the multi-year data record allows observation of the anthropogenic trend in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) IRF. The data analysis has also been done in a way that is computationally efficient and independent of most related modelling methods and results.  Radiative forcing was thus directly observed to have risen by +0.53 W m−2 (±0.11 W m−2) from years 2003 to 2018.  About 20% of the increase was associated with a reduction in the atmospheric aerosol burden, and most of the remaining 80% was attributed to the rising burden of greenhouse gases.

A rising trend in the radiative imbalance due to increasing global  has been previously observed by ground-based instruments.  For example, such measurements have been separately gathered under clear-sky conditions at two Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites in Oklahoma and Alaska.  Each direct observation found that the associated radiative (infrared) heating experienced by surface dwellers rose by +0.2 W m−2 (±0.07 W m−2) during the decade ending 2010.  In addition to its focus on longwave radiation and the most influential forcing gas () only, this result is proportionally less than the TOA forcing due to its buffering by atmospheric absorption.

Climate sensitivity

Radiative forcing can be used to estimate a subsequent change in steady-state (often denoted "equilibrium") surface temperature (ΔTs) arising from that forcing via the equation:

where λ is commonly denoted the climate sensitivity parameter, usually with units K/(W/m2), and ΔF is the radiative forcing in W/m2. A typical value of λ, 0.8 K/(W/m2), gives an increase in global temperature of about 1.6 K above the 1750 reference temperature due to the increase in  over that time (278 to 405 ppm, for a forcing of 2.0 W/m2), and predicts a further warming of 1.4 K above present temperatures if the  mixing ratio in the atmosphere were to become double its pre-industrial value; both of these calculations assume no other forcings.

Historically, radiative forcing displays the best predictive capacity for specific types of forcing such as greenhouse gases. It is less effective for other anthropogenic influences like soot. A new framework called "effective radiative forcing" or ERF removes the effect of rapid adjustments within the atmosphere that are unrelated to longer term surface temperature responses. ERF means different factors driving climate change can be placed onto a level playing field to enable comparison of their effects and a more consistent view of how global surface temperature responds to various types of human forcing.

Related metrics

Other metrics can be constructed for the same purpose as radiative forcing.  For example Shine et al. say "... recent experiments indicate that for changes in absorbing aerosols and ozone, the predictive ability of radiative forcing is much worse ... we propose an alternative, the 'adjusted troposphere and stratosphere forcing'. We present GCM calculations showing that it is a significantly more reliable predictor of this GCM's surface temperature change than radiative forcing. It is a candidate to supplement radiative forcing as a metric for comparing different mechanisms ...". In this quote, GCM stands for "global circulation model", and the word "predictive" does not refer to the ability of GCMs to forecast climate change. Instead, it refers to the ability of the alternative tool proposed by the authors to help explain the system response.

Therefore, the concept of radiative forcing has been evolving from the initial proposal, named nowadays instantaneous radiative forcing (IRF), to other proposals that aims to relate better the radiative imbalance with global warming (global surface mean temperature). In this sense the adjusted radiative forcing, in its different calculation methodologies, estimates the imbalance once the stratosphere temperatures has been modified to achieve a radiative equilibrium in the stratosphere (in the sense of zero radiative heating rates). This new methodology is not estimating any adjustment or feedback that could be produced on the troposphere (in addition to stratospheric temperature adjustments), for that goal another definition, named effective radiative forcing has been introduced. In general the ERF is the recommendation of the CMIP6 radiative forcing analysis  although the stratospherically adjusted methodologies are still being applied in those cases where the adjustments and feedbacks on the troposphere are considered not critical, like in the well mixed greenhouse gases and ozone. A methodology named radiative kernel approach allows to estimate the climate feedbacks within an offline calculation based on a linear approximation

See also

 Anthropogenic heat
 Vehicle emission standard
 Global warming potential

References

External links
 IPCC glossary
 CO2: The Thermostat that Controls Earth's Temperature by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, October, 2010, Forcing vs. Feedbacks
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report (2007), Chapter 2, "Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and Radiative Forcing," pp. 133–134 (PDF, 8.6 MB, 106 pp.).
 U.S. EPA (2009), Climate Change – Science. Explanation of climate change topics including radiative forcing.
 United States National Research Council (2005), Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Small volcanoes add up to cooler climate; Airborne particles help explain why temperatures rose less last decade  August 13, 2011; Vol.180 #4 (p. 5) Science News
NASA: The Atmosphere's Energy Budget
Energy balance: the simplest climate model
Explore Mann's climate projections from Scientific American

Climate forcing
Atmospheric radiation

Radiative forcing


(en français « Un homme de Floride » ou « Un homme en Floride ») est un mème Internet. Il tire son nom de l'accroche du titre de nombreux faits-divers, relayés par la presse et les médias américains et par certains internautes, mettant en scène des habitants de Floride commettant des infractions jugées farfelues.

Origines
En , le compte Twitter « _FloridaMan » est créé : il rassemble différents gros titres de presse évoquant des habitants de Floride ayant commis des actes sortant de l'ordinaire, créant le personnage de  et le surnommant de « pire super-héros du monde ».

Néanmoins, l'apparition d'un intérêt pour d'étranges faits-divers en Floride est antérieur à la création de ce compte Twitter. Le Miami New Times utilisait ainsi la tournure de phrase «  … » pour indiquer un fait-divers ne se déroulant pas à Miami, ce qui est repris par plusieurs médias locaux. Le site Internet Fark possédait lui une catégorie « Floride », la seule pour un État américain.

Cet intérêt peut être plus ancien encore, remontant aux années , avec l'usage par le promoteur immobilier Carl Graham Fisher d'une éléphanteau nommée Rosie comme caddie de golf, afin d'attirer l'attention des journaux et des investisseurs vers la Floride.

Diffusion

Sur Internet
Le compte Twitter « _FloridaMan » inspire d'autres comptes : « _Flor1daWoman », reprenant les mêmes types de faits-divers concernant des femmes de Floride, et des équivalents pour d'autres États, comme «  » ou «  ». En , le compte original atteint les  ; en , il approche les .

Le mème est à l'origine du «  », consistant à rechercher sur un moteur de recherche «  » et sa date d'anniversaire, afin de trouver un fait-divers correspondant.

En politique
En , lorsque Donald Trump, alors , annonce changer sa résidence officielle de New York à Palm Beach, l'émission The Daily Show crée une extension de navigateur changeant toute mention du nom de « Donald Trump » en «  », modifiant le nom du compte Twitter du président, sa page Wikipédia ou encore toute mention de son fils Donald Trump, Jr..

En , lors d'un discours en Floride dans le cadre de la Campagne présidentielle de Joe Biden, Barack Obama critique les prises de parole du président Donald Trump lors de la pandémie de Covid-19, en déclarant que « même  ne ferait pas ce genre de choses ».

Explications du phénomène
Plusieurs raisons sont données pour expliquer l'existence de ces faits-divers.

Tout d'abord, le fait que la Floride soit le troisième État des États-Unis le plus peuplé peut augmenter la probabilité qu'une personne provoque ou se retrouve dans une situation saugrenue. Le Miami New Times avance aussi que la diversité culturelle de l'État empêche de caractériser cette culture autrement qu'en tant qu'« étrange ». Le climat chaud, ensoleillé et humide peut aussi jouer un rôle, favorisant un mode de vie à l'extérieur : les actes sortant de l'ordinaire sont ainsi plus facilement observables.

Les questions de santé mentale peuvent aussi avoir un impact, l'État de Floride se classant parmi les pires en termes de financement de la prise en charge de ces problématiques. À cela peut s'ajouter la consommation de drogue.

Enfin, la transparence dont doivent faire preuve les institutions publiques en Floride explique en grande partie le phénomène : cela permet en effet aux journalistes d'avoir accès aux rapports d'incidents, aux photographies d'identité judiciaire et aux appels aux secours bien plus facilement que dans d'autres Etats, afin de couvrir ces faits-divers dans des délais presque immédiats.

Critiques
La Columbia Journalism Review décrit le phénomène «  » comme « l'une des plus sombres et des plus lucratives industries […] du journalisme », utilisant ces faits-divers comme des contenus viraux, sans prendre en compte l'impact possible sur les personnes concernées.

En , Freddie Campion, créateur du compte Twitter « _FloridaMan », décide d'y mettre fin, notamment pour des questions de respect des différents .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

 Site internet floridaman.com, compilant les articles commençant par « Florida Man ».

Phénomène Internet
Fait divers
Personnage de fiction américain

Florida Man


Owen County is the name of two counties in the United States:

Owen County, Indiana
Owen County, Kentucky

Owen County


An Gongora galeata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Gongora galeata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gongora, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Gongora

Gongora galeata


An Eria chlorantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Leonid Vladimirovich Averyanov ngan Averyanova. An Eria chlorantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eria

Eria chlorantha


ඝාතනය කෙරුණු කවියන්ගේ රාත්‍රිය යනු, 1952, අගෝස්තු 12 දිනදී,  සෝවියට් සංගමයෙහි,  මොස්කව්හී, ලුබියන්කා සිර ගෙදරදී සෝවියට් යුදෙව්වන් දහතුන්දෙනෙක් මරා දැමීමයි.  අත්අඩංගුවට ගැනීම් මුලින්ම සිදු වූයේ 1948 සැප්තැම්බර් සහ 1949 ජූනි මාස වලදීය. සියළු විත්තිකරුවෝ, චරපුරුෂ කාර්යය සහ රාජ ද්‍රෝහිත්වය මෙන්ම වෙනත් බොහෝ අපරාධ සිදු කළැයි ව්‍යාජ ලෙසින් චෝදනාවන්ට පාත්‍රව සිටියහ. ඔවුන් අත්අඩංගුවට ගැනීමෙන් පසුව,  වසර තුනක් තිස්සේ, වධහිංසාවට පත් කොට, තලා පෙළා, සහ එකලී කොට ඉන්පසුව විධිමත් ලෙසින් චෝදනා වලට ලක් කරනු ලැබූහ. චූදිතයන් අතර යිඩ්ෂ් ලේඛකයන් පස් දෙනෙක් සිටි අතර, ඔවුන් සියළු දෙන ෆැසිස්ට්-විරෝධි යුදෙව් කාරක සභාවේ සාමාජිකයෝ වූහ.

සටහන්

ඝාතනය කෙරුණු කවියන්ගේ රාත්‍රිය


Jack in the Box este un lanț american de restaurante de tip fast-food înființat la 21 februarie 1951 de Robert O. Peterson în San Diego, California, unde își are sediul. Lanțul are peste 2.200 de locații, deservind în principal Coasta de Vest a Statelor Unite. Restaurante se găsesc, de asemenea, în diferite zone urbane mari din afara Coastei de Vest. Compania a mai operat anterior lanțul Qdoba Mexican Grill până când Apollo Global Management a cumpărat lanțul în decembrie 2017.

Produsele alimentare includ o varietate de oferte de pui și cartofi prăjiți, alături de sandwich-uri hamburger și cheeseburger și selecții de alimente cu temă internațională, cum ar fi tacourile și rulourile de ouă.

Legături externe
 Sit web oficial

Fondări în 1951
Restaurante fast food

Jack in the Box


O XIV Campeonato Asiático de Ginástica Rítmica e o XIX Campeonato Asiático Juvenil de Ginástica Rítmica serão realizados no Estádio Ninoy Aquino em Manila, Filipinas, de 31 de maio a 3 de junho de 2023. O evento é organizado pela Federação Filipina de Ginástica e aprovada pela Federação Internacional de Ginástica.

Países participantes

Medalhistas

Sênior

Juvenil

Resultados

Sênior

Individual geral

Arco

Bola

Maças

Fita

Grupo geral

5 arcos

3 fitas + 2 bolas

Juvenil

Arco

Bola

Maças

Fita

Grupo geral

5 cordas

5 bolas

Quadro de medalhas

Geral

Referências

2023
Asiático
Competições internacionais de ginástica sediadas nas Filipinas
Desporto nas Filipinas em 2023

Campeonato Asiático de Ginástica Rítmica de 2023


النظام النجمي هو عبارة عن مجموعة صغيرة من النجوم تدور حول بعضها وترتبط بقوى جذب. يقدر العلماء أن أكثر من ثلث نجوم مجرتنا مرتبطة بأنظمة نجمية. تنقسم الأنظمة النجمية إلى نوعين: النجوم الثنائية والنجوم المتعددة. النجم الثنائي يتكون من نجمين فقط، أما نظام النجم المتعدد فربما يصل عدد النجوم فيه إلى 6 أو7. الأعداد الكبيرة من النجوم والتي ترتبط بقوى جذب تسمى تجمع نجمي. النظام النجمي قد يستخدم أيضاً للإشارة إلى نظام من نجم واحد وكواكب تدور حوله.

النجوم الثنائية

إنها عبارة عن نظام نجمي مكون من نجمين فقط يدوران حول بعضهما وتسمى بالنجوم الثنائية. تدور النجوم الثنائية حول ما يعرف بـ«مركز الثقل». ومن المحتمل أحيانا أن يكون أحد النجمين قزم أبيض أو ثقب أسود. من الممكن أن يعمل القزم الأبيض على جذب المادة من النجم المجاور له، ثم في النهاية ينهار بسبب الضغط الهائل في نواته ويتحول إلى مستعر وينفجر انفجارا هائلا.

من النجوم النثائية: الشعرى اليمانية وجبهة الأسد والمئزر.

النجوم المتعددة

تتكون النجوم المتعددة مما يزيد عن النجمين ومن الممكن أن يصل عددها إلى 6 أو7. ومن الممكن أن تسمى أيضا ثلاثية إن كانت من ثلاثة نجوم أو رباعية إن كانت من أربعة نجوم إلخ.. النجوم المتعددة أصغر من التجمعات النجمية التي تتكون من أعداد هائلة من النجوم تتراوح عادة ما بين 100 و1000.

ومن النجوم المتعددة: نجم الجدي (نجم القطب حاليا) والنسر الطائر.

انظر أيضاً
 قنطور الأقرب
 غليزا 422
 نجم 16 الدجاجة
 كبلر -16
 نجم 57 أ-ب

مراجع

أنظمة نجمية
نجوم متعددة

نظام نجمي


Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Washington, D.C., 31. ožujka 1948.), poznatiji kao Al Gore, američki je političar i ekološki aktivist. Bio je 45. potpredsjednik Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (1993. – 2001.), i služio je za vrijeme Predsjednika Billa Clintona. Dobitnik je Nobelove nagrade za mir 2007. godine. Gore je bio demokratski kandidat za predsjedničke izbore 2000. godine, ali je izgubio od Georgea W. Busha u vrlo tijesnoj utrci nakon ponovnog prebrojavanja glasova na Floridi.

Izvori

Američki potpredsjednici
Američki političari nakon Drugog svjetskog rata

Al Gore


Siber terörizm, Terörün yeni iletişim araçlarını kullanarak alacağı şekle işaret etmektedir. Mehmet Özcan siber terörü şöyle tanımlamaktadır:

"Siber terörizm ise belirli bir politik ve sosyal amaca ulaşabilmek için bilgisayar veya bilgisayar sistemlerinin bireylere ve mallara karşı bir hükûmeti veya toplumu yıldırma, baskı altında tutma amacıyla kullanılmasıdır."

Siber terörizmi klasik anlamda terör eylemlerinin bilgisayar ve bilgisayar sistemleri kullanılarak icra edilmesi olarak tanımlamak da mümkündür.

Türlerine göre terörizm
Bilişim suçları
Terörizm taktikleri
Yöntemlerine göre terörizm

Siber terörizm


Gavilea, rod orhideja iz tribusa Chloraeeae, dio potporodice Orchidoideae. Postoji 17 vrsta endemičnih za Južnu Ameriku.

Vrste
 Gavilea araucana (Phil.) M.N.Correa
 Gavilea australis (Skottsb.) M.N.Correa
 Gavilea cardioglossa (Reiche) Martic.
 Gavilea chica (Speg. & Kraenzl.) Chemisquy
 Gavilea gladysiae Chemisquy
 Gavilea glandulifera (Poepp. & Endl.) M.N.Correa
 Gavilea insularis M.N.Correa
 Gavilea kingii (Hook.f.) M.N.Correa
 Gavilea litoralis (Phil.) M.N.Correa
 Gavilea longibracteata (Lindl.) Sparre ex L.E.Navas
 Gavilea lutea (Comm. ex Pers.) M.N.Correa
 Gavilea odoratissima Poepp.
 Gavilea platyantha (Rchb.f.) Ormerod
 Gavilea supralabellata M.N.Correa
 Gavilea trullata Ormerod
 Gavilea venosa (Lam.) Garay & Ormerod
 Gavilea wittei (Hicken) Ormerod

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Chloraeeae

Gavilea


Eduardo Braun-Menéndez (16 de janeiro de 1903 - 16 de janeiro de 1959) foi um notável fisiologista argentino.

Vida e obra
Nascido em Punta Arenas, Chile, e foi criado em Buenos Aires.

Estudou na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade de Buenos Aires, escolhendo como especialidades a medicina cardiovascular e a fisiologia. Sua tese de doutorado tratou da relação entre a hipófise e o diencéfalo com a pressão arterial, e foi desenvolvida no Instituto de Fisiologia sob a supervisão do nobre Dr. Bernardo Houssay, em 1934. Após receber seu doutorado, foi para a Inglaterra para estudo na University College London, onde investigou o metabolismo do coração.

Em seu retorno da Inglaterra, ele se juntou à prestigiosa equipe do Instituto de Fisiologia, com Luis Federico Leloir, Juan Fasciolo, Juan Muñoz e Alberto Taquini, para trabalhar por alguns anos no mecanismo da hipertensão nefrogênica. Ele fez a descoberta mais importante de sua carreira durante esta pesquisa, a da angiotensina, em 1939.

No Instituto, Braun-Menéndez tornou-se um líder de pesquisa em fisiologia cardiovascular em 1945, e atuou como professor sênior e assistente de ensino na mesma área até 1946. Ele dirigiu o Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Medicina até 1946 e também foi o chefe do eletrocardiografia e fisioterapia no Instituto Municipal de Radiologia e Fisioterapia de Buenos Aires. Ele voltou como Houssay Chair no Instituto de Fisiologia em 1955, e atuou como professor. Além disso, foi membro da Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires e foi homenageado com o título de Doutor Honoris Causa pela Universidade da Califórnia e pela Universidade do Brasil. Além disso, foi vice-presidente da Sociedade Argentina de Biologia e secretário da Associação Argentina para o Progresso das Ciências. Ele recebeu o Prêmio Nacional de Ciência duas vezes.

Braun-Menéndez também ajudou a criar a importante revista científica Ciencia y Investigación, que publicou seu primeiro número em 1945. Foi dirigida por ele até 1959, ano de sua morte. Outra de suas iniciativas incluiu a Acta Physiologica Latinoamericana, uma publicação escrita em vários idiomas para a publicação do trabalho de fisiologistas latino-americanos.

Dr. Braun-Menéndez morreu em um acidente de avião perto de Mar del Plata com sua filha em 16 de janeiro de 1959. O acidente foi o primeiro da Austral Air Lines.

Referências

Biologia

Eduardo Braun-Menéndez


København ved Nat er en dansk stumfilm fra 1910, der er instrueret af Carl Alstrup.

Handling
Fire gode venner er så opslugte af deres sjusser og kortspil, at de kommer for sent til at hente deres respektive hustruer ved teatret. Men hvorfor så ikke fortsætte aftenen, hvor de slap? Sammen drager de ud på en vild vandring gennem nattens letsindige verden, der byder på lækre damer, stærke drinks og vovet dans.

Medvirkende
 Frederik Jensen - Grosserer Gummesen
 Oscar Stribolt - Fedevarehandler Kraft
 Lauritz Olsen - Manufakturhandler Blomberg
 Magna Redøhl - Fru Emilie Gummesen
 Mathilde Felumb Friis - Fru Rosa Blomberg
 Victoria Petersen - Fru Caroline Kraft
 Carl Petersen - Charles von Petersen
 Emilie Sannom - Lotte med krøllen
 Agnes Lorentzen - Champagne Anna
 Rigmor Jensen - Tora Trillepølse
 Camilla Hansen - Blonde Mary
 Carl Alstrup - Bræddestablen
 Edvard Jacobsen - Det bløde løg, stamgæst i "Blodkoppen"
 Holger Pedersen - Niels Øje, stamgæst i "Blodkoppen"
 Bernhard Lehmann - Peter Lungepiber, stamgæst
 Erik Winther - Den lange Nøgle, stamgæst
 Arvid Ringheim - Snusmann, opdager

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1910
Danske film omhandlende København i 1900-tallet

København ved Nat


Loldiers of Odin er en finsk aktivistgruppe, hvis medlemmer klæder sig ud som klovne og parodierer den højreorienterede og invandrerfjendske gruppe Soldiers of Odin. Gruppen viste sig for første gang på gaderne i Tampere i januar 2016, hvor de dansede og sang ved siden af patruljerende Soldiers of Odin. Senere samme måned blev to medlemmer arresteret for at forstyrre en demonstration mod indvandring ved navn "Luk grænserne".

To medlemmer blev kendt skyldige i mindre lovovertrædelser: De fik bøder for at begå ikke-voldelige lovovertrædelser, såsom ulydighed overfor politiet og en ulovlig trussel mod en politiker.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Klovner
Aktivister fra Finland

Loldiers of Odin


Olaylar
 6 Nisan - Thapsus Savaşı gerçekleşti.
 Büyük Hun İmparatorluğu yıkıldı (kuruluşu MÖ 220).
 Hiung-nu, Ho-han-ye Tanhu ve Çiçi Tanhu arasında Doğu Hiung-nu ve Batı Hiung-nu olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı.
 Sezar Forumu, Jül Sezar tarafından inşa ettirildi.
 Venüs Tapınağı, Jül Sezar tarafından Venüs'e adandı.
 Jülyen Takvimi kabul edildi.
 Cicero, Pro Ligario adlı metinle Quintus Ligarius'u savundu.

Doğumlar
 Publius Quinctilius Varus - İmparator Augustus'un komutası altında görev yapan Romalı devlet adamı ve general (ö. 9)

Ölümler
 Genç Cato, Romalı politikacı ve devlet adamı (d. MÖ 95)
 Vercingetorix, Kelt kavimlerinin birisi olan Arvernilerin lideri (d. MÖ 82)

MÖ 46


Incidentul armat de la Herța din 29 iunie 1940 a reprezentat un incident militar desfășurat în orașul Herța de pe teritoriul Județului interbelic Dorohoi, între două tancuri sovietice care depășiseră linia de demarcație impusă Regatului României prin ultimatumul din 26 iunie 1940 și militarii români ai unei  baterii a Regimenului 16 artilerie. Ca urmare a acestui incident care a avut loc în contextul evacuării și cedării oficiale a Basarabiei, a Bucovinei de Nord și a ținutului Herța către statul sovietic, au existat mai multe victime din rândul artileriștilor români, printre care s-au aflat căpitanul comandant al bateriei de artilerie – Ioan Boroș și soldatul evreu Iancu Solomon.

Înmormântarea militarilor români uciși de ruși la Herța s-a constituit ulterior într-un episod important al  evenimentelor antisemite de la Dorohoi, din 1 iulie 1940.

Context
În vara anului 1940 în contextul amenințărilor cu care se confrunta Regatul României pe plan extern, regimentele 27 Dorobanți si 16 Artilerie au fost dislocate în plasa Herța.

În contextul evacuării teritoriilor basarabean și nord-bucovinean de către Armata României începând cu data de 28 iunie ca urmare a ultimatumului sovietic, militarii români au început să se retragă din Bucovina de Nord spre noua frontieră, cu trupele sovietice aflate la un pas în urmă sau ocupând în prezența trupelor române unele localități. În dimineața zilei de 28 iunie 1940, Marele Stat Major român a emis dispoziții conform cărora trupele românești trebuiau să nu deschidă focul asupra trupelor sovietice și să nu reacționeze la provocările acestora, iar comandanților li s-a cerut să intre în contact cu trupele sovietice.

Rușii nu au respectat noua linie de frontieră impusă tot de ei, depășind-o și înaintând în adâncimea teritoriului – cum s-a întîmplat și în Ținutul Herța la data de 29 iunie 1940. În acest areal românesc compact care nu fusese niciodată sub vreo ocupație străină și care a făcea parte din Vechiul Regat, detașamentele militare românești nu primiseră ordin de retragere, așa cum primiseră trupele aflate în Basarabia și Bucovina.

Incidentul
Înaintând spre localitatea Herța, trupele sovietice au dezarmat două  batalioane ale Armatei României, iar la ora 4 dimineața o coloană motorizată a intrat în oraș. Aici era instalată pe poziție Bateria I din Regimentului 16 Artilerie comandată de căpitanul Ioan Boroș, cu misiunea de a susține detașamentul de infanterie al maiorului Marcoci.

Imediat ce carele de luptă au intrat în ocalitate, două dintre tancuri s-au îndreptat spre baterie. Ajunși la poziția de artilerie, rușii i-au cerut căpitanului Boroș să le predea tunurile bateriei, dar acesta a încercat să parlamenteze explicând soldaților sovietici cu ajutorul unui soldat basarabean pe post de translator, că teritoriul apărat de bateria sa de tunuri nu făcea parte din teritoriul cedat statului sovietic. Ulterior în timp ce căpitanul încerca să ia legătura telefonică cu  divizia, sublocotenentul de rezervă Alexandru Dragomir – care comanda Secția 2 a bateriei, a tras un foc de avertisment în aer (după altă relatare ar fi făcut comandantului său un semn negativ cu mâna, cu scopul de susține opțiunea de a nu fi bateria predată).

Nu este clar cine a deschis primul focul, cert este că rușii au tras făcând mai multe victime și motivând ulterior că au făcut-o ca urmare a faptului că Dragomir a tras primul (altă relatare a indicat drept cauză a deschiderii focului de către sovietici, gestul lui Dragomir către Boroș prin care i-a indicat comandantului său să nu predea bateria). Au fost uciși căpitanul Boroș și încă 2 soldați, Dragomir fiind rănit. Printre soldați s-a aflat și evreul Iancu Solomon, care a încercat să-și salveze căpitanul protejându-l cu corpul său.

Urmări
Trupurile militarilor uciși au fost transportate la Dorohoi, pentru a fi înmormântate acolo după serviciul divin. Căpitanul Boroș a fost înhumat cu onoruri militare. Înmormântarea militarilor uciși la Herța s-a constituit ulterior într-un episod important al evenimentelor antisemite de la Dorohoi din 1 iulie 1940, dar conform unor documente descoperite la CNSAS nu a fost evenimentul declanșator, cum s-a crezut multă vreme.

O notă din "Însemnările zilnice" ale  regelui Carol al II-lea – care nu a dat ordin să se opună rezistență, ilustrează așteptarea acestuia ca în urma evenimentului de la Herța militarii români să se opună agresorilor în pofida lipsei acestui ordin, pentru a salva – în opinia lui Aurelian Lavric, cinstea sa de șef al statului.:

In memoriam
După ce în vara anului 1941 Armata României a eliberat Ținutul Herța, în oraș a fost construită în amintirea românilor morți în incident, o troiță. O slujbă de pomenire la care au participat văduva și fiica în vârstă de 1 an ale căpitanului Boroș, precum și generalul Corneliu Calotescu (guvernator militar al Bucovinei), a fost ținută într-o școală din localitate. Generalul Calotescu i-a înmânat fiicei căpitanului o cruciuliță pe care a fost scris "De la tatăl tău."

Căpitanul Boroș a fost domiciliat în orașul Bacău, o stradă din respectivul oraș fiind numită în amintirea sa De asemenea, ofițerul a fost reînmormântat în Cimitirul Central din Bacău cu onoruri militare, Filiala Bacău a  Asociației Naționale Cultul Eroilor comemorându-l anual cu începere din anul 1999.

În anul 2008, o cruce memorială încă se mai afla pe locul unde căzut căpitanul.

Incertitudini și neclarități
Un Raport informativ al Biroului de Statistică Militară Iași din 29 iunie 1940, a notat în ziua respectivă că în incident rușii l-au ucis pe Boroș și pe încă 2 soldați și l-au rănit pe Dragomir. Alte surse ulterioare indică și decesul sublocotenentului Dragomir, precum și rănirea gravă în timpul incidentului de către focurile armelor automate a altor militari: sergenții Gheorghe Mititelu și Iștoc Gheorghe, precum și soldatul Vasile Spoială.

Conform lui Cristian Negrea, faptul că în timpul discuțiilor sublocotenentul Dragomir a tras un foc de pistol în aer este confirmat de către un fost soldat în bateria căpitanului Ioan Boroș, C. Arig, emigrat ulterior în Israel. Conform acestuia, Dragomir ar fi tras respectivul foc pentru a-i intimida pe ruși și a-i convinge.

Tot conform lui Cristian Negrea, în data de 29 iunie 1940 au mai fost uciși alți ofițeri români: căpitanul Georgescu care comanda Cercul Militar Soroca, un ofițer de grăniceri care fusese arestat de către ruși la Ștefănești în județul Cernăuți și căpitanul Epure, care comanda un escadron al Regimentului 5 Roșiori lângă Soroca.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Lavric, Aurelian (Dr. Hab. Istorie, Conf. Catedra de Relații Internaționale, USM); Ținutul Herța: cauzele ocupației sovietice din 28 iunie 1940 în Glasul Bucovinei, Nr. 3-4, 2012; Cernăuți; pp. 27-37
Lectură suplimentră
  Мельтюхов, Михаил [Meltyukhov, Michael]; Освободительный поход Сталина. 2006  [Campania de eliberare a lui Stalin]; Издательство  Эксмо [Eksmo]; Москва [Moscova]; 2006; ISBN: 5-699-17275-0

Legături externe
 Suvorov, Victor; Ziua M; Ed. Polirom; Iași; 2001; ISBN: 978-973-46-1941-2
 Neagoe, Stelian; Răpirea nordului Bucovinei, în documente oficiale ; Revista de Științe Politice și Relații Internaționale, XI, 1, 2014, București; pp. 57–82

1940 în România
Ținutul Herța
Bătăliile României
Bătălii ale Uniunii Sovietice


was a village located in Tsukubo District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 4,064 and a density of 396.88 persons per km2. The total area was 10.24 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Yamate, along with the village of Kiyone (also from Tsukubo District), was merged into the expanded city of Sōja.

Dissolved municipalities of Okayama Prefecture
Sōja, Okayama

Yamate, Okayama


Bøl Sogn (på tysk Kirchspiel Böel) er et sogn i det sydøstlige Angel i Sydslesvig, tidligere dels i Strukstrup Herred og dels i Mårkær Herred (Gottorp Amt), nu i kommunerne Bøl og Mårkær i Slesvig-Flensborg Kreds i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

I Bøl Sogn findes flg. stednavne:
 Abildbjerg (Appelberg)
 Bilvad (Billwatt)
 Bovstrup (Baustrup)
 Bøl (Böel)
 Bøllemose
 Bølskovby (Böelschuby)
 Bøl-Nørremark (Boelnorderfeld)
 Bøl-Vestermark (Boelwesterfeld)
 Bøl-Ulvegrav (Boelulvegraff)
 Engdam
 Eslingskov el. Eslingholt (Eslingholz)
 Eslingsvad (også Eskildvad, ty. Eslingwatt)
 Hjortmose
 Horskobbel (Hoskoppeln)
 Kalvehave eller Kallehave (Kälberhagen)
 Kisberdam
 Kræmmersten (Krämersteen)
 en del af Kønholt (Köhnholz)
 Langdel
 Maarkærdam
 Maarkæer Kro
 Maarkæer Mølle
 Maarkærstamgaard
 Maarkær-Vesterskov
 Maarkær-Østerskov
 Møllemose (Möllmoos)
 Mølmark (Möllmark)
 Nordskov
 Nyby
 Nykobbel
 Norge (Norwegen)
 Paddeborg (Patburg)
 Ravnholtløkke (Rabenholzlück)
 Rygesled
 Skredstrup (Schrixdorf)
 Skredstrupgade
 Smedeland (Schmiedestraße)
 Spending (Spenting)
 Stubbelgaard
 Skredstrupgaard
 Sverig (Schweden)
 Tisholt (Thiesholz)

Litteratur
 M. Mørk Hansen: Kirkelig Statistik over Slesvig Stift: Med historiske og topografiske bemærkninger, Kjøbenhavn 1864, bind 2, side 384
 Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 518

Eksterne henvisninger
 Bøl Menighed / Kirchengemeinde Böel

Sogne i Sydslesvig

Bøl Sogn


Gonçalo Martins de Oviedo (; Oviedo,  - Valência de Alcântara, ) foi um nobre das Astúrias que tornar-se-ia mestre da Ordem de Alcântara.

Vida

Gonçalo Martins nasceu no  em Oviedo, a capital das Astúrias, e era filho de . Embora de origem humilde, conseguiu ascender socialmente até fazer parte do conselho mais íntimo do rei  . Foi designado como mordomo-mor da dispensa palatina, cuja primeira menção ocorreu em maio de 1331, e, por extensão, cobrador de impostos. Alguns anos depois, Afonso pressionou os freires da Ordem de Alcântara a elegerem Gonçalo, o que ocorreu duas vezes, uma delas em Cáceres, o que foi considerado como não canônico. Sua segunda eleição ocorreu em 26 de maio de 1337 no Convento de Alcântara, pelo prior, os comandantes e outros frades, mas dada a irregularidade do processo, isso gerou protestos. Após sua eleição, acompanhou Afonso a Badajoz, quando marchou para confrontar o Reino de Portugal. Entre junho e outubro de 1338, a corte papal enviou cartas a  , Afonso XI e Gonçalo como forma de conseguir uma trégua entre os reinos.

Em abril de 1339, era um dos principais conselheiros presentes durante a embaixada de   para oferecer estabelecer uma aliança militar contra o Reino Nacérida de Granada e o Império Merínida do Magrebe. Ao fim das negociações, Gonçalo reuniu as forças alcantarenses e marchou ao Alandalus junto de Afonso. Pouco depois, Afonso voltou para Madri para convocar as cortes com o intuito de obter recursos à guerra, deixando-o como seu representante no sul. A partir de Alcaudete, cercou Alcalá de Benzaide, onde tomou gado, cereais e cativos. No mesmo ano, travou duas batalhas contra Abu Maleque Abde Aluaide, filho do sultão merínida Alboácem Ali ibne Otomão , que estava atacando a partir de Algeciras. Na segunda batalha, ocorrida no final de outubro, partiu de Arcos da Fronteira e, com ajuda de  e as milícias de Écija, o  Álvaro de Biedma com as milícias de Xerez da Fronteira e outros nobres e conselheiros, venceu decisivamente Abu Maleque, que foi morto.

Na sequência, Gonçalo caiu em desgraça ao se opor à nomeação de Afonso Melendes de Gusmão, irmão de Leonor de Gusmão, a amante de Afonso XI, à posição de mestre da Ordem de Santiago. Leonor e seus partidários acusaram-no de falar mal do rei, que o convocou à corte, mas ele desobedeceu às ordens com medo de que poderia ser executado. Optou por se proteger no castelo de Valência de Alcântara e ofereceu as vilas da ordem, na fronteira com Portugal, para Afonso IV e seu herdeiro Pedro. Foi abandonado por seus companheiros, capturado e condenado à morte como traidor, decapitado e queimado por Afonso Fernandes Coronel em data incerta ao longo de 1340. A Crônica da ordem desmentiu parte do relato, ao alegar que foi decapitado, mas não como traidor e nem que seus restos queimados. De todo modo, foi sepultado no convento de São Francisco de Oviedo, cuja construção havia ordenado, por familiares e amigos, antes de ser posteriormente transferido. Antes da execução, em 2 de janeiro, o papa Bento XII intercedeu em nome dele junto a Afonso XI, solicitando que fosse reabilitado, o que não surtiu efeito. Depois, Bento XII sugeriu ao rei que abandonasse sua concubina para evitar a excomunhão pela morte de Gonçalo. Em 1350, Pedro I, filho de Afonso IV, matou os executores dele e recompensou seu filho, , devolvendo-lhe propriedades confiscadas e dando os ofícios de meirinho-mor de Leão e Astúrias.

Naturais de Oviedo
Ordem de Alcântara

Gonçalo Martins de Oviedo


Marzio Milesi Sarazani est un poète et érudit né à Rome vers 1570 et mort dans la même ville en février 1637.

Historien et chercheur
Marzio Milesi est issu d'une famille romaine aisée, d'origine bergamasque ; Sarazani est le nom de sa mère. Il poursuit des études de droit puis se consacre à l'étude de textes historiques, s'intéressant notamment à l'archéologie chrétienne. Il publie ainsi une importante enquête sur les bâtiments paléochrétiens de Rome et sur diverses églises. Son travail le plus notable est publié à titre posthume en 1638 : il s'agit d'une édition des œuvres du pape Damase Ier, sous le titre latin .

Poète et critique d'art

Outre son travail de recherche érudite, Milesi produit des poèmes en latin () et en italien. Proche des milieux artistiques romains, il dédie des épigrammes à divers peintres importants du moment comme Annibale Carracci ou bien les frères Giovanni et Cherubino Alberti ; mais c'est surtout pour sa proximité avec Michelangelo Merisi dit « Caravage » qu'il reste connu. En effet, il lui consacre de nombreux poèmes louangeurs, dont l'un porte sur L'Amour victorieux peint pour le marquis Giustiniani, et un autre constitue un épitaphe qui apparente Caravage à Icare, mort brûlé par la proximité du soleil. Il est même possible qu'il ait aidé Caravage à se sortir de différents démêlés juridiques.

Milesi produit aussi des textes d'analyse de la peinture et de certaines œuvres d'art, notamment les antiques Noces aldobrandines découvertes en 1601. Il constitue tout au long de sa vie une bibliothèque remarquable dotée de  et de nombreux manuscrits ; il établit également un véritable musée personnel où il collecte des objets d'art et des antiquités.

Références

Poète italien du XVIIe siècle

Marzio Milesi


Capuanus ist:

 Herkunftsbezeichnung von Petrus Capuanus (maior, † 1214), auch Peter von Capua, Kardinal der römisch-katholischen Kirche
 Gelehrtenname von Francesco Capuano (15. Jahrhundert), italienischer Astronom
 Capuanus (Mondkrater), benannt nach Francesco Capuano Di Manfredonia

Siehe auch:
 Capuano

Capuanus


Lawrence af Arabien er britisk film fra 1962 instrueret af David Lean. Filmen er baseret på Thomas Edward Lawrences virke under Første Verdenskrig, hvor Lawrence ledede et samlet oprør mod Det Osmanniske Rige med hjælp fra de arabiske kongeriger. Det blev kendt som Den Arabiske Opstand (1916-1918). Filmen er berømt for dens episke cinematografi af den arabiske ørken. Peter O'Toole spillede hovedrollen som T.E Lawrence og modtog en oscarnominering for sit arbejde, og rollen hører også til hans mest kendte.

Plot

Første verdenskrig raser i Mellemøsten, hvor det lykkes den engelske officer T.E. Lawrence at forene de arabiske stammer i et oprør mod tyrkerne. På grund af sin store succes bliver Lawrence uvidende en brik i stormagternes politiske spil. Kombineret med tyrkisk fangenskab og tortur gør det Lawrence til en desillusioneret og forhærdet feltherre.

Rollebesætning

Eksterne henvisninger

Britiske film fra 1962
Dramafilm fra Storbritannien
Film om 1. verdenskrig
Oscar for bedste film
Golden Globe for bedste film - drama
Film instrueret af David Lean
Film baseret på virkelige begivenheder

Lawrence af Arabien


Saltair est une communauté située dans la province de la Colombie-Britannique, sur l'Île de Vancouver.

Notes et références

Municipalité en Colombie-Britannique

Saltair


වර්ෂ 1950 දී ආරම්භ කරන ලද තර්ස්ටන් විද්‍යාලය කොළඹ නගරය තුළ පිහිටි ප්‍රධාන පෙලේ ජාතික පාසලකි.  දිවයිනේ නම්දරා සිටින ගුරුමණ්ඩලයකින් සමන්විතයි.මෙහි සිසුන් 4000 කට වැඩි පිරිසක් ඉගෙනුම ලබයි

පිහිටීම
කුරැදුවත්තේ ( කොළඹ07 )
එක් පසෙකින් කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයටත්, අනෙක් පසින් කොළඹ රාජකීය විද්‍යාලයටත් මායිම්ව ශාස්ත්‍රීය කලාපයක් තුළ පිහිටා ඇත.

පාලනය

මෙම අධ්‍යනායතනය, අධ්‍යාපන අමාත්‍යංශය යටතේ මෙහෙයවනු ලබන අතර පරිපාලනය විදුහල්පති විසින් සිදුවේ. විදුහල්පතිවර‍යාගේ පරිපාලන සහය සඳහා උප විදුහල්පතිවරයෙක් දායකත්වය සපයනු ලබන අතර. පාසල මූලික වශයෙන් ප්‍රාථමික අංශය, කනිෂ්ට අංශය සහ ජ්‍යේෂ්ඨ අංශය ලෙසින් අධ්‍යයන අංශ තුනකට බෙදා ඇත. ඒ ඒ අධ්‍යයන අංශ සඳහා නියෝජ්‍ය විදුහල්පතිවරුන් පත් කර ඇත.

විදුහල්පතිවරුන්

ඩී.ඊ.එ. ෂොක්මන් මහතා: 1950.01.11-1955.12.31

එම්.ඩී. ගුණවර්ධන මහතා: 1956.01.01-1967.01.17

පී.එම්. ජයතිලක මහතා: 1967.02බ.01-1969.10.09

එස්. පණ්ඩිතසේකර මහතා: 1970.03.16-1974.04.30

ඒ.කේ. විද්‍යාසේකර මහතා: 1974.05.02-1978.01.20

පී.එස්. ගුණසේකර මහතා: 1978.01.24-1987.12.31

එච්.ඩී.එච්. පෙරේරා මහතා:1988.01.01-1992.10.20

එච්.ඩී.එම්.පී වීරතුංග මහතා:1992-2006

යයි.ඒ.එන්.ඩී යාපා මහතා:2006-2013

නිවාස

සැන්ඩිමන්

මැක්රේ

ඩෙන්හැම්

රොබිසන්

පහසුකම්
අංග සම්පූර්ණ පිහිනුම්තටාකාංගනයක්,අංග සම්පූර්ණ ක්‍රීඩාංගන 02,අංග සම්පූර්ණ රගර් ක්‍රීඩාංගනයක්,ගෘහස්ථ ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රිීඩාංගනයක්,අංග සම්පූර්ණ ටෙනිස් පිටියක්,අංග සම්පූර්ණ බාස්කට් බෝල් පිටියක්,නවීන විද්‍යාගාර,දේශන ශාලාවක්,රංග ශාලාවක්

ක්‍රීඩා සංගම්

මලල ක්‍රීඩා
ඔරු පැදීම
පිහිනුම්
ක්‍රිකට්
චෙස්
කැරම්
පාපන්දු
පැසි පන්දු

කබඩි
බැඩ්මින්ටන්
ටෙනිස්
බාලදක්ෂ
බේස්බෝල්
වොලිබෝල්

බොක්සිං
වූෂු
කරාතේ
ජිම්නාස්ටික්
මේස පන්දු
රගර්
තුර්යවාදක ඛණ්ඩය(බටහිර)
ශිෂ්‍ය භට

සමිති සහ සංගම්

බෞද්ධ සංගමය
සාමාන්‍ය දැනීම සංගමය
කෘෂිකර්ම සංගමය
සිංහල භාෂා හා සාහිත්‍ය ඒකකය
සිංහල කථික හා විවාද සංසඳය
නව නිපැයුම්කරුවන්ගේ සංගමය
චෙස් සංගමය
මාධ්‍ය ඒකකය
ගුවන් විදුලි සංගමය
පරිගණක සංගමය
තාරකා විද්‍යා සංගමය
රසායන විද්‍යා සංගමය
වාණිජ සංගමය
කථික සමාජය
ඉංග්‍රීසි නාට්‍ය සංගමය
ඉංග්‍රීසි සාහිත්‍ය සංගමය
පරිසර සංගමය
ගණිත සංගමය
සංගීත කවය
ඡායාරූප සංගමය
ශාන්ත ජෝන් ගිලන් හමුදාව
රතු කුරුස සංගමය
තාරකා විද්‍යාත්මක සංගමය

සහෝදරයන්ගේ මහා ක්‍රිකට් තරගය

අඩ සියවසකටත් වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් මුලුල්ලේ වසරක් පසා බ්ලැක්හැම් විජේවර්ධන කුසලානය උදෙසා තර්ස්ටන් - ඉසිපතන මහා ක්‍රිකට් තරගාවලිය පවත්වනු ලබේ .එදා සිට මේ දක්වා ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුල බාලක පාසල් ද්විත්වයක් අතර පවත්වන ලබන සාමකාමීම ක්‍රිකට් තරගාවලියයි.
මීට සමගාමීව එක් දින ක්‍රිකට් තරගාට
වලිය,විවාද තරග,බැඩ්මින්ටන් තරගාවලි,අාදි ශිෂ්‍ය ක්‍රිකට් තරඟ,රථ පෙලපාලි,පා පැදි පෙලපාලි පවත්වනු

පාසල් ගීතය

නැණ ආලෝකය දෙන විදුහල් මව

අප සුමගය සෙවනය සැමදා //

එහි අපි උගනිමු-නැණයෙන් පිබිදෙමු

විනයෙන් සැරසෙමු-අප මව්බිම සඳහා

බස රස කැරුමට-රැස එහි වැඩුමට

දෙස ඔසවනුවට-කැපවී හැම විට

ලක් දිව නම් දැරු තර්ස්ටන් විදුහල

සිසුවන් අප නිති දිරි වඩමු......//

දිරි වඩමු......//

  පද රචනය :දයානන්ද ගුණවර්ධන

  සංගීතය :ලයනල් අල්ගම

කීර්තිමත් ආදි සිසුන්

External links
Thurstan College Official Web site

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජයේ පාසල්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාසල්

තර්ස්ටන් විද්‍යාලය


Adrian Sutil (d. 11 Ocak 1983, Starnberg, Batı Almanya), Alman F1 pilotudur. Aslında küçüklüğünde ailesi yüzünden piyano çalmaya başlamıştır. Hatta birkaç tane küçük konser bile vermiştir ama o eğlence için gittiği kart pistinde ileride olmak istediği mesleği seçmişti. Sutil 2002 Formula Ford İsviçre serisinde 12 yarışın hepsine pole position'da başladı ve kazandı. 2004 ve 2005'te F3 Avrupa serisinde mücadele etti. 2006'da F3 Japonya serisinde şampiyon oldu ve MF1/Spyker takımında testlere çıktı. 2007 sezonunda Spyker F1 takımında yarıştı.Spyker'deki tek puanını Fuji Japonya GP'sinde aldı 2008 sezonu itibarıyla de Spyker'ın el değiştirmesinden sonra kurulan Force India F1 takımında yarışmaktadır. Monaco Grand Prix'inde 4. olmaya aday iken bitime 11 tur kala yarış dışı kaldı. 2009 Çin GP'sinde 6. giderken kaza yaptı, 2009 Almanya GP'sinde yine 6. giderken ilk virajda ona Raikkonen çarptı. Bu yarışta Force India takımı ilk kez son bölüme kalmıştır. 2009 İtalya GP'sinde sıralama turlarında 2. oldu, yarışı da 4. bitirerek takımın en iyi derecelerinden birine imza attı. 2010 sezonunun ilk iki yarışı olan Bahreyn GP ve Avustralya GP'sinde puan alamadı. Malezya GP'de 5. olarak 10 puan alarak sezonun ilk puanlarını aldı, sonraki Çin GP'sini puansız kapadı. İspanya'da 7. olarak 6 puan, Monako'da 8. olarak 4 puan, Türkiye'de 9. olarak 2 puan, Kanada'da 10. olarak 1 puan, Valencia'da 6. olarak 8 puan aldı. Sutil sezonu 31 puanla ve efsane pilot Michael Schumacher'in ardından 10. götürüyor

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.adriansutil.com

Yaşayan insanlar
1983 doğumlular
Bavyera doğumlu sporcular
Alman Formula 1 pilotları
Uruguay asıllı Almanlar
Formula 3 Euro Series pilotları

Adrian Sutil


Holmestrand Station (Holmestrand stasjon) var en jernbanestation på Vestfoldbanen, der lå i byen Holmestrand i Holmestrand kommune i Norge. Stationen lå 4,8 meter over havet, 86,09 km fra Oslo S. Stationen blev åbnet 7. december 1881 sammen med banen, der i øvrigt blev anlagt henover en gammel kirkegård.

I august 2010 påbegyndtes arbejdet med den 14,3 km lange jernbanetunnel Holmestrandsporten til brug for Vestfoldbanen mellem Holm og Nykirke. Som en del af tunnelen anlagdes en ny underjordisk Holmestrand Station. Den gamle station blev nedlagt 29. oktober 2016 i forbindelse med forberedelserne til den nye station, der åbnede 28. november. Stationsbygningen, der var opført efter tegninger af Balthazar Lange, var i forvejen blevet revet ned i april 2016 og erstattet af midlertidige barakker.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Noter

Stationer på Vestfoldbanen
Etableret i 1881
Jernbanestationer i Vestfold

Holmestrand Station (1881-2016)


Sanctus Diavolos osmi je studijski album grčkog black metal-sastava Rotting Christ. Diskografska kuća Century Media Records objavila ga je 20. rujna 2004. godine.

Prvi je objavljeni uradak skupine nakon odlaska dugogodišnjeg gitarista Kostasa i klavijaturista Georgea. Na albumu gostuju gitarist Gus G. (Dream Evil, Firewind) i zbor, a pjevač Sakis Tolis svira i sintisajzer.

Album je snimljen u SCA Studiosu u Grčkoj, a u studiju Fredman u Göteborgu miksao ga je švedski glazbenik i producent Fredrik Nordström.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Rotting Christ
Sakis Tolis – vokali, gitara, klavijature
Andreas Lagios – bas-gitara
Themis Tolis – bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
Gus G. – solo (na pjesmi 1.)
Christos Antoniou – zborski aranžmani

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Sanctus Diavolos na AllMusicu

Albumi sastava Rotting Christ
Albumi iz 2004.

Sanctus Diavolos


إيفار ييفر (بالنرويجية: Ivar Giaever) هو فيزيائي أمريكي نرويجي حاز على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1973. وقد حاز على الجائزة بالمشاركة مع ليو إساكي وبريان جوزيفسن عن «اكتشافاتهم ظاهرة الأنفاق الكمومية (Quantum tunnelling) في المواد الصلبة». وكانت مشاركة جيفيير في هذه الجائزة عن «اكتشافاته العملية لظاهرة الأنفاق الكمومية في الموصلات الفائقة».

ولد إيفار ييفر في 5 أبريل 1929 بمدينة برجن بالنرويج، وهو يعمل أستاذاً في كلية التكنولوجيا رينسيلار الأمريكية حيث يرأس قسم الفيزياء الحيوية التطبيقية (Applied Biophysics)، كما يحاضر بجامعة أوسلو.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من برجن
أعضاء الأكاديمية النرويجية للعلوم والآداب
أعضاء الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أمريكيون حازوا جائزة نوبل
أمريكيون متجنسون
الجمعية الملكية النرويجية للعلوم والآداب
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
حائزون على زمالة غوغنهايم
خريجو كلير هول (جامعة كامبريدج)
خريجو معهد رينسلار للفنون المتعددة
زملاء كلير هول (جامعة كامبريدج)
فيزيائيون حيويون أمريكيون
فيزيائيون نرويجيون
ملحدون أمريكيون
ملحدون نرويجيون
مهاجرون نرويجيون إلى الولايات المتحدة
مواليد 1929
مواليد في برجن
موصلية فائقة
موظفو جنرال إلكتريك
نرويجيون حازوا جائزة نوبل
نكران التغير المناخي
أعضاء هيئة تدريس معهد رينسيلار للعلوم التطبيقية
مهندسون من برغن

إيفار ييفر


Le svið est une spécialité culinaire islandaise.

Présentation
Le svið est une tête de mouton bouillie.

D'abord roussie pour enlever la laine, la tête est ensuite coupée en deux dans le sens longitudinal avant d'être bouillie après avoir enlevé le cerveau.

En Islande, ce plat figure traditionnellement sur les tables de la fête de þorrablót, même si l'on peut acheter toute l'année au supermarché des têtes sous vide ().

Le svið est le plus souvent servi avec une purée de pommes de terre et une purée de rutabagas.

D'après les connaisseurs, le goût serait plutôt agréable. La joue serait .

Notes et références

Cuisine islandaise
Spécialité à base de viande ovine

Svið