Pygmy music refers to the  sub-Saharan African music traditions of the Central African foragers (or "Pygmies"), predominantly in the Congo, the Central African Republic and Cameroon.

Pygmy groups include the Bayaka, the Mbuti, and the Batwa.

Music is an important part of Pygmy life, and casual performances take place during many of the day's events. Music comes in many forms, including the spiritual likanos stories, vocable singing and music played from a variety of instruments including the bow harp (ieta), ngombi (harp zither) and limbindi (a string bow).

Researchers who have studied Pygmy music include Simha Arom, Louis Sarno, Colin Turnbull and Jean-Pierre Hallet.

Polyphonic song

The Mbenga (Aka/Benzele) and Baka peoples in the west and the Mbuti (Efé) in the east are particularly known for their dense contrapuntal communal improvisation. Simha Arom says that the level of polyphonic complexity of Mbenga–Mbuti music was reached in Europe only in the 14th century. The polyphonic singing of the Aka Pygmies was relisted on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008.

Mbenga–Mbuti Pygmy music consists of up to four parts and can be described as an "ostinato with variations" similar to a passacaglia in that it is cyclical. It is based on repetition of periods of equal length that each singer divides using different rhythmic figures specific to different repertoires and songs. This creates a detailed surface and endless variations not only of the same period repeated but of various performances of the same piece of music. As in some Balinese gamelan music, these patterns are based on a super-pattern which is never heard. The Pygmies themselves do not learn or think of their music in this theoretical framework, but learn the music growing up.

Polyphonic music is only characteristic of the Mbenga and Mbuti. The Gyele/Kola, Great Lakes Twa and Southern Twa have very different musical styles.

Liquindi
Liquindi is water drumming, typically practiced by Pygmy women and girls. The sound is produced by persons standing in water, and hitting the surface of the water with their hands, such as to trap air in the hands and produce a percussive effect that arises by sudden change in air pressure of the trapped air. The sound cannot exist entirely in water, since it requires the air-water boundary as a surface to be struck, so the sound is not hydraulophonic.

Hindewhu
Hindewhu is a style of singing/whistle-playing of the BaBenzélé pygmies of the Central African Republic. The word is an onomatopoeia of the sound                                                                                of a performer alternately singing pitched syllables and blowing into a single-pitch papaya-stem whistle. Hindewhu announces the return from a hunt and is performed solo, duo or in groups.

Western popularization

Colin M. Turnbull, an American anthropologist, wrote a book about the Efé Pygmies, The Forest People, in 1965. This introduced Mbuti culture to Western countries. Turnbull claimed that the Mbuti viewed the forest as a parental spirit with which they could communicate via song.

Some of Turnbull's recordings of Efé music were commercially released and inspired more ethnomusicological study such as by Simha Arom, a French-Israeli who recorded hindewhu, and Luis Devin, an Italian ethnomusicologist who studied in depth the musical rituals and instruments of Baka Pygmies.

Some popular musicians have used hindewhu in their music:

"Hunting", a song by Deep Forest from their album Made in Japan.
"Ba-Benzélé", a song by Jon Hassell and Brian Eno from the album Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics (1980).
"Fabulous" (1983), a tune by John Oswald and Dick Hyman from the album plunderphonics (1989).
Percussionist Bill Summers imitates hindewhu in the track "Watermelon Man" by Herbie Hancock from the 1973 album Head Hunters (see hocket).
"Sanctuary", a song by Madonna from the album  Bedtime Stories (1994) samples the Herbie Hancock recording.
In 1992 the popularization of Pygmy music spread with the release of Eric Mouquet and Michel Sanchez's Deep Forest. A percentage of the proceeds from each album were donated to the Pygmy Fund set up to aid Zaire's Pygmies. The album was nevertheless subject to controversy, as the project used samples recorded by ethnomusicologist Hugo Zemp without permission; further controversy was stirred by the lack of consideration given to the original performer - a Northern Malaitian woman named Afunakwa - by either party during the resultant legal battle.
Also in 1992 Martin Cradick and Su Hart spent three months living with and recording Baka in Cameroon. result was the creation of the band Baka Beyond and the release of their collaboration with the Baka musicians, "Spirit of the Forest" alongside the album "Heart of the Forest", and a musical relationship that has lasted over twenty years. Proceeds from both these albums have returned to the Baka musicians through the charity Global Music Exchange which continues to work with the Baka helping them in their rapidly changing environment.
pianist Pierre-Laurent Aimard programmed recordings of Pygmy songs (performed by the Aka Pygmies) with works of contemporary composers György Ligeti and Steve Reich on his African Rhythms (2003)

References

Sources and further reading
 Abram, Dave. "Sounds From the African Rainforest". 2000.  In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp. 601–607. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.
 Lotte Hughes, The No-Nonsense Guide to Indigenous Peoples (Verso, 2003) , p 109
 Born, Georgina & Hesmondhalgh, David [ed.] (2000). Western Music and Its Others: Difference, Representation, and Appropriation in Music. University of California Press. pp. 156–159.
 Plantenga, Bart. Yodel-Ay-Ee-Oooo: The Secret History of Yodeling Around the World. (Routledge, 2004) .
 Plantenga, bart. Yodel in Hi-Fi: From Kitsch Folk to Contemporary Electronica. (University of Wisconsin Press / Autonomedia 2013-2017) .

Discography
 Aka Pygmy Music.  Recorded by Simha Arom.  Philips 6586 016.  Part of the UNESCO Collection (Musical Sources I-2); reissued as Auvidis D 8054.
 Ba-Benzélé Pygmies.  Bärenreiter BM 30 L 2303.  Part of the UNESCO Collection (third in the Anthology of African Music); reissued as Rounder CD 5107.
 Cameroon: Baka Pygmy Music (1977).  EMI/Odeon 3C 064-18265.  Part of the UNESCO Collection (Musical Atlas, #18); reissued as Auvidis D 8029 (1990).
African Rhythms (2003). Music by Aka Pygmies, performed by Aka Pygmies, György Ligeti and Steve Reich, performed by Pierre-Laurent Aimard. Teldec Classics: 8573 86584-2. Liner notes by Aimard, Ligeti, Reich, and Simha Arom and Stefan Schomann.
Music of the Rainforest Pygmies. Historic recordings made by Colin M. Turnbull. Lyrichord: LYRCD 7157.
Echoes of the Forest: Music of the Central African Pygmies. Recordings by Colin M. Turnbull, Jean-Pierre Hallet and Louis Sarno. Ellipsis Arts: Musical Expeditions CD 4020
Heart of the Forest: Music of the Baka Forest People of South-East Cameroon(1993). Recordings by Martin Cradick and Jeremy Avis. Hannibal Records: HNCD1378.
Baka in the Forest: traditional songs of the Baka women recorded live in the Cameroon rainforest.(2009). Recordings by Su Hart. March Hare: MAHA CD29.
 "Voice of the Rainforest' (2013).Traditional Baka music recorded by Martin Cradick. March Hare Music: MAHA CD32.
 'Gati Bongo'.(2006). Music by Orchestre Baka Gbiné, an entirely Baka band from S E Cameroon. March Hare Music. MAHA CD23.
 'Kopolo'.(2012) The second album by Orchestre Baka Gbiné. March Hare Music: MAHA CD30.

External links
Water Drumming (Liquindi)
 Frantovy stránky - O nástrojích - Liquindi / Water drums
African Pygmies Pygmy music and culture, with audio recordings and soundscapes
Philadelphia CityPaper.net: 20 questions Louis Sarno an interview by Deni Kasrel, June 13–20, 1996 regarding BaBenzl Pygmies
Deep Forest music site - with music samples
Baka Forest People  - many music samples, photos and videos of Baka music
Baka Beyond site - with links to access Baka recordings
Francis Bebey at Real World Studios a video of Francis Bebey discussing and demonstrating Hindewhu
 http://www.hangblog.org/hang-sound-models/#firstgenerationsoundmodels2002

Central African music (region)
African Pygmies
Pentatonic scales

Pygmy music


Dış döllenme, dış ortamda gerçekleşen döllenmedir.

Suda yaşayan hayvanların çoğunda çiftleşme için herhangi bir kopulasyon organı genellikle bulunmadığından, sperm hücreleri dış ortama serbestçe bırakılır. Su ortamı güvenilir değildir. Suyun sıcaklığı, pH, av olma durumu döllenmede etkilidir. Bu yüzden gamet sayısı fazladır. Ayrıca kur davranışları ve gametlerin aynı anda bırakılması döllenme olasılığını arttırır.

Dış döllenmenin özellikleri

 Döllenme olayı suda gerçekleşir
 Suda yaşayan tüm hayvanlarda (memeliler hariç) görülür
 Çiftleşme olayı yoktur
 Çiftleşme organı yoktur
 Döllenme ihtimali düşüktür
 Döllenme ihtimalini arttırmak için gamet sayısı fazladır.
 Kurbağalar da dış döllenme yapar.
 Balıklar da dış döllenme yapar.
Dış gelişme görülür.
Yavru bakımı görülmez.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İç döllenme

Gelişim biyolojisi
Üreme ve gelişme

Dış döllenme


Boniface Nduka (født 15. februar 1996) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Mito HollyHock.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Boniface Nduka


Mat boyama (Matte Painting), sanatsal anlamda "fotoğraf gibi" boyama sanatıdır. Hayal gücünün "inandırıcılık" kaygısıyla oluşturduğu, aslında gerçekte olmayan bir yerin, çevrenin, ortamın gerçekmiş gibi çizilip, renklendirilmesi ve boyut katılarak yansıtılmasıdır. Temel amacı çizgilerle "ortam" yaratmak ve gerçekmiş gibi yansıtmak olan mat boyama, bu özelliği ile karakter çizimlerinin şekillendirdiği ilistrasyon, animasyon-çizgi film çalışmalarından ve figür ve desenlerden oluşan resim sanatlarından ayrılır.(Önder Karakadılar, Boyut değiştiren çizgiler: Matte Painting, Digital Arts Dergisi)

Sinemada, ilk dijital örneği Zor Ölüm 2 (Die Hard 2-Harder) olan mat boyama, her ne kadar yeni gelişen ve ünlenen bir teknik olarak bilinse de, ilk örnekleri 1900'lerin başlarında oluşturulmuştur. Bu yöndeki ilk çalışma Norman Dawn'ın eski spirit fotoğrafçılık yöntemini kullanarak kamera ile fotoğrafını çekmek istediği ev manzarası arasına, el boyamasıyla yapılmış ağaç resmi bulunan cam bir levha yerleştirip, görüntüyü bozan elektrik direklerini rötuşlamasıyla başlar. Her ne kadar, bu tam anlamıyla bir mat boyama olmasa da, bu teknik, Dawn'a daha sonraki sinema çalışmalarında ilham kaynağı olacaktır.

En başarılı Mat boyama çalışması, çizim olduğu dikkat çekmeyen, gerçekliği şüphe bırakmayan çalışmadır. Özellikle sinema sektöründe kullanılan bir tekniktir ama reklamcılık başta olmak üzere bütün özgün sanatlarda kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle bilgisayar dünyasındaki gelişimle günümüzün en gözde tekniği haline gelmiştir.

Film ve video teknolojisi

Mat boyama


Pantelemonovskoye  es un selo del raión de Uspénskoye del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla derecha del río Urup, afluente del río Kubán, frente a Beskórbnaya, 23 km al sur de Uspénskoye y 191 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 183 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Triojselskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Información sobre el municipio en el sitio web del raión .
 Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Uspénskoye del krai de Krasnodar

Panteleimonovskoye (Krasnodar)


Dominik Cumhuriyeti (İspanyolca República Dominicana, okunuşu 'Republika Dominikana'), Karayiplerdeki Hispanyola adasında yer alan bir ülkedir. Hispanyola, Porto Riko'nun batısında, Küba ve Jamaika'nın doğusunda yer alır. Venezuela ile deniz sınırı vardır. Adanın batı kısmında Haiti bulunur.

Dominik Cumhuriyeti Avrupalıların Amerika kıtalarında ilk oluşturdukları yerleşimdir. Başkenti, Santo Domingo da Amerika'lardaki ilk sömürge başkentiydi. Bağımsızlığının büyük bir bölümünde ülkede siyasi buhran yaşanmış, halkı temsil etmeyen ve baskıcı pek çok hükûmet tarafından idare edilmiştir. 1961'de diktatör Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina'nın ölümünden sonra Dominik Cumhuriyeti temsili demokrasiye geçmiştir.

Coğrafya

İklim
Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin tropik bir iklimi vardır. Fakat mevsimsel sıcaklık değişimlerinden çok bölgesel sıcaklık farklılıkları görülmektedir. Ağustos ayı bunaltıcı şekilde sıcak olur. Ülkede iki yağmurlu mevsim vardır, Ekim'den Mayıs'a kadar kuzey kıyıları, Mayıs'tan Ekim'e kadar güney kıyıları yağmurlu olur. Bu yağmurlar, sadece serinletici etkilidir ve yarım gün sürer. Haziran-Eylül ayları kasırga mevsimidir.

Yönetim

Para birimi
Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin resmî para birimi Dominik Pesosu'dur. Doğu Karayip Doları da kullanılmaktadır.

Nüfus
Ülkenin 2007 yılında nüfusu Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından 9.760.000 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Ortalama ömür 73,7 yıl (2002 tahmini), okur yazarlık oranı %82,1 (1995 tahmini).

Turizm
Kristof Kolomb'un yeni dünyayı keşfinde ilk ayak bastığı yer Bahamalar'da San Salvador adasıdır, daha sonra Küba'nın kuzeyini gezmiş ve Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin ve Haiti'nin bulunduğu Hispanyola adasına geçmiştir. Son yıllarda geçirdiği değişim zinciriyle Karayipler'in en lüks tatil mekanlarından biri hâline gelmiştir. Dünya Turizm Örgütü istatistiklerine göre Dominik Cumhuriyeti Karayiplerin en popüler turizm yeridir. Turizm, Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin ekonomisinde önemli yer tutar.

Doğal çevre
Dominik Cumhuriyeti geçmişte yoğun yağmur ormanları ve başka hiçbir yerde bulunmayan 1500 türü kapsayan çeşitli bitki örtüsü ile kaplıydı. Bugün birçok bataklık kurumuş ve ağaçlar kömür için kesilmiştir fakat hala korunmuş kesimler vardır. Ülkede yoksulluk ve aşırı nüfus gibi ciddi problemler vardır. Dominik Cumhuriyeti'ndeki birçok örgüt artan nüfus ile ekosistem üzerindeki baskı arasında sağlam bir ilişki kurmak için çalışmaktadır. Tüm bunlara rağmen Dominik Cumhuriyeti sahip olduğu ciddi güzellikteki sayfiye yerleri, mangrov bataklıkları, dağlık ormanları, çiçek açan düzinelerce ağaçları ve 218'den fazla kuş türü bulunmaktadır.

Hükûmet ve Politika

Dominik Cumhuriyeti temsili bir demokrasi veya demokratik cumhuriyettir, ülke üç güç koluna sahiptir: yürütme, yasama ve yargı. Dominik Cumhuriyeti cumhurbaşkanı yürütme organının başkanlığını yapar ve kongre tarafından geçirilen yasaları yürütür, kabineyi atar ve silahlı kuvvetlerin baş komutanıdır. Başkan ve başkan yardımcısı 4 yıl için doğrudan oyla seçilirler. Ulusal meclis, 32 üyeli bir senato ve 178 üyeli Milletvekilleri Meclisinden oluşan iki meclislidir.

Yargı makamı Yüksek Adalet Divanı'nın 16 üyesine aittir. Cumhurbaşkanı, her iki Kongre meclisinin liderleri, Yüksek Mahkeme Başkanı ve bir muhalefet veya iktidar partisi olmayan üyeden oluşan bir konsey tarafından atanırlar.

Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin çok partili bir siyasi sistemi var. Seçimler iki yılda bir eşit olarak bölünebilen yıllarda yapılan cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimleri ile dörde bölünemeyen çift sayılı yıllarda yapılan kongre ve belediye seçimleri arasında iki yılda bir yapılır. Dokuz üyeden oluşan Merkezi Seçim Kurulu (JCE) seçimleri denetlemektedir.

Üç büyük partiden en büyüğü muhafazakâr Sosyal Hristiyan Reformcu Partisi'dir (İspanyolca: Partido Reformista Social Cristiano (PRSC)), 1966–78 ve 1986–96 iktidarında; ve 1963, 1978–86 ve 2000–04'te iktidardaki sosyal demokrat Dominik Devrimci Partisi (İspanyolca: Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD)); 1996-2000 döneminde ve 2004'ten beri Dominik Kurtuluş Partisi (İspanyolca: Partido de la Liberación Dominicana (PLD)).

Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Amerikanlararası sistemin diğer ülkeleriyle yakın bir ilişkisi vardır. Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin Porto Riko ile çok güçlü bağları ve ilişkileri var.

Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin komşu Haiti ile ilişkisi, Dominik Cumhuriyeti'ne kitlesel Haiti göçü üzerinde gerginleşmekte, Dominik Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları Haitilileri suç ve diğer sosyal sorunlar için suçluyor. Dominik Cumhuriyeti, Internationale de la Francophonie Örgütü'nün düzenli bir üyesidir. Dominik Cumhuriyeti'nin, Dominik Cumhuriyeti-Orta Amerika Serbest Ticaret Anlaşması yoluyla ABD, Kosta Rika, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras ve Nikaragua ile Serbest Ticaret Anlaşması bulunmaktadır.

Notlar

Kaynakça
 Dominik Cumhuriyeti

Dominik Cumhuriyeti


Sögumaður er í frásögn röddin sem segir söguna. Stundum er sögumaðurinn jafnframt persóna í frásögninni og óáreiðanlegur sögumaður er frásagnartækni þar sem lesandi eða áheyrandi treysta ekki sögumanni til að segja satt og rétt frá. Sögumaður er þannig aðgreindur frá höfundi eins og hann kemur fyrir í verkinu. Hvort sem sögumaður kemur fyrir sem persóna eða rödd er það alltaf sú rödd sem segir frá atburðum sögunnar í öllum rituðum bókmenntum (til dæmis ljóðum, skáldsögum, endurminningum) en í öðrum skáldskaparmiðlum eins og kvikmyndum, sjónvarpi og útvarpi, leikritum er sögumaður stundum til staðar og stundum ekki, þegar frásögninni er miðlað til áhorfenda/áheyrenda sjónrænt eða með samtölum persóna.

Sögumenn eru stundum flokkaðir eftir sjónarhorni og innsýn í söguna, og þá hvort þeir eru sjálfir þátttakendur, eins og í fyrstu persónu frásögn, eða standa utan við og segja frá hugsunum annarra persóna, eins og alvitur sögumaður gerir; eftir frásagnartíma, það er hvort sögutími er í þátíð, nútíð eða framtíð miðað við tíma frásagnarinnar; og eftir frásagnarhætti sem sögumaður notast við, persónusköpun, niðurröðun atburða í frásögninni, notkun málsniða og þess háttar. Sögumaður getur verið hlutdrægur eða hlutlaus, alvitur eða með takmarkaða innsýn í atburði. Frjáls óbein ræða er frásagnaraðferð þar sem raddir sögumanns og persóna renna saman í eina og hugsanir persónunnar birtast án formálans "hún hugsaði ...". Slíkt stílbragð kemur oft fyrir í Hroki og hleypidómar eftir Jane Austen, sem dæmi. Sumar sögur notast við marga sögumenn eða ólík sjónarhorn hjá sama sögumanni til að segja söguna. Í skáldsögunni Drakúla eftir Bram Stoker er sagan sögð út frá takmörkuðu sjónarhorni margra sögumanna sem sumir eru ónefndir og koma ekki fyrir sem persónur. Sagan birtist lesandanum þannig gegnum samanlagða vitneskju ólíkra sögumanna.

Skáldskapur
Bókmenntafræði
Frásagnarfræði

Sögumaður


Al Jackson, Jr. (* 27. November 1935 in Memphis, Tennessee; † 1. Oktober 1975 ebenda) war ein US-amerikanischer Schlagzeuger, Musikproduzent und Songwriter. Am bekanntesten ist er als Gründungsmitglied von Booker T. & the M.G.'s.

Leben und Werk
Bereits als Kind erlernte Al Jackson das Trommeln und spielte in der Band seines Vaters. Als Teenager begann er, in der Band von Willie Mitchell zu trommeln. 1962 gründete er zusammen mit Booker T. Jones (Keyboard), Steve Cropper (Gitarre) und Lewis Steinberg (Bass; 1964 ersetzt durch Donald Dunn) die Hausband von Stax Records, Booker T. & the M.G.'s.

Als Anfang der 1970er der Erfolg von Booker T. & the M.G.'s nachließ, arbeitete Jackson vornehmlich als Produzent und Sessionmusiker. Zu den Künstlern, für die er spielte, gehören Eric Clapton, Freddie King, Herbie Mann und viele andere.

1975 beschlossen die Mitglieder von Booker T. & the M.G.'s, ein neues Album aufzunehmen. Am 1. Oktober 1975 wurde Al Jackson durch mehrere Schüsse getötet, als er nachts nach Hause kam. Die Tatumstände wurden niemals eindeutig geklärt.

Der Rolling Stone listete Jackson 2016 auf Rang neun der 100 größten Schlagzeuger aller Zeiten.

Weblinks

 Al Jackson, Jr. auf Gigging-drum-charts.com (englisch)
 Steve Cropper über Al Jackson, Jr. (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Schlagzeuger
Musikproduzent
Songwriter
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1935
Gestorben 1975
Mann

Al Jackson, Jr.


Katy Bødtger (* 28. Dezember 1932 in Kopenhagen; † 1. Mai 2017) war eine dänische Sängerin.

Leben
Katy Bødtger durfte als Gewinnerin des Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1960 beim Eurovision Song Contest 1960 in London für Dänemark antreten. Mit dem Titel Det var en yndig tid ( für Das war eine schöne Zeit) landete sie auf Platz 10. Ein Jahr später versuchte sie die Teilnahme erneut, konnte aber keinen Sieg in der dänischen Vorauswahl erringen.

Sie lieh diversen dänischen Operettenverfilmungen der 1960er Jahre ihre Singstimme.

Filmografie
 1960: Kvindelist og kærlighed
 1960: Det skete på Møllegården
 1963: Fräulein unberührt (Frøken Nitouche)
 1966: Kleine Sünder – große Sünder (Min søsters børn)

Weblinks

 Katy Bødtger auf danskefilm.dk in der Dansk Film Database (dänisch)
 Katy Bødtger auf dfi.dk im Dänischen Filminstitut (dänisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Sänger
Musiker (Dänemark)
Interpret eines dänischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Däne
Geboren 1932
Gestorben 2017
Frau

Katy Bødtger


Les Hildenbrandiaceae sont une famille d'algues rouges de l'ordre des Hildenbrandiales.

Étymologie
Le nom vient du genre type Hildenbrandia qui rend hommage au médecin et botaniste autrichien  (1789-1849).

Liste des genres
Selon , ,  et  :
 Apophlaea Harvey, 1845
 Hildenbrandia Nardo, 1834

Notes et références

Liens externes

Hildenbrandiales
Famille d'algues rouges (nom scientifique)
Nom botanique créé d'après un nom propre

Hildenbrandiaceae


Johann Joachim Becher () a fost un alchimist și fizician german. A pus bazele teoriei flogisticului.

Biografie

Note

Nașteri în 1635
Decese în 1682
Alchimiști germani
Chimiști germani

Johann Joachim Becher


Le pouls est, en théorie musicale, une série de battements uniformément espacés, audibles ou implicites, qui définissent le tempo et constituent l'échafaudage du rythme.

En revanche, le rythme est toujours audible et peut s'écarter du pouls. Ainsi, alors que le rythme peut devenir trop difficile pour un auditeur non formé, presque tout auditeur correspond instinctivement au pouls en tapotant simplement de manière uniforme, malgré les variations rythmiques de la synchronisation des sons au sommet du pouls. Une performance peut laisser certains rythmes silencieux, pas littéralement sonnés, mais le pouls reste une abstraction. Par exemple, même après un passage silencieux dans un morceau, le morceau reprend généralement sur le rythme, pour ainsi dire, en faisant référence au pouls implicite, établi avant le silence.

Articles connexes
 Rythme
 Métrique (en poésie)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Rythme

Pouls (musique)


الأنبوطين إحدى قرى مركز السنطة التابع لمحافظة الغربية بجمهورية مصر العربية، وتجاورها قرى ميت حواي وشبراقاص وأشناواي.

التاريخ
قرية الأنبوطين من القرى القديمة، حيث وردت باسم «المنبوطين» في أعمال السمنودية ضمن قرى الروك الصلاحي التي أحصاها ابن مماتي في كتاب قوانين الدواوين، كما وردت باسم «المنبوطين» في أعمال الغربية ضمن قرى الروك الناصري التي أحصاها ابن الجيعان في كتاب «التحفة السنية بأسماء البلاد المصرية». وفي العصر العثماني وردت باسم «المنبوطين» في التربيع العثماني الذي أجراه الوالي العثماني سليمان باشا الخادم في عصر السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني ضمن قرى ولاية الغربية، وفي تاريخ 1228هـ/1813م الذي عدّ قرى مصر بعد المسح الذي قام به محمد علي باشا باسم «الأنبوطين» ضمن قرى مديرية الغربية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان الأنبوطين 11,135 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
قائمة قرى محافظة الغربية

مصادر

الوحدة المحلية لقرية أشناواي (السنطة)

الأنبوطين


Jan Klíma (* 5. November 1938 in Prag) ist ein tschechischer theoretischer Physiker, Schriftsteller und Übersetzer.

Leben
Er studierte theoretische Physik an der Prager Karlsuniversität, wo er auch als Wissenschaftler tätig ist. 1970 promovierte er. Er verfasste mehrere Romane, wovon zwei auch auf Deutsch erschienen sind. Es handelt sich dabei um die Kriminalromane "Der Tod liebt die Poesie" (Smrt má ráda poezii, 1966) und "Der Fall des verlorenen Hundes" (Případ půjčeného psa, 1981).

Sein erster Roman erhielt viel Beachtung und wurde in der BRD vom Goldmann Verlag mit dem Slogan "Der erste tschechische Kriminalroman von Weltformat" beworben. Der Held beider Kriminalromane ist der ungeschickte, weltfremde und linkische Mathematiker Nedbal, der wie der Autor am Prager mathematisch-physikalischen Institut arbeitet und deduktiv zwei spannend konstruierte Mordfälle aufklärt. Unterstützt wird er dabei jeweils von seinem Freund, dem Journalisten Pavliček, der mit ihm gemeinsam ein Semester an der Universität studiert hat.

Im deutschsprachigen Raum erschien Klímas erster Kriminalroman im Aufbau-Verlag in der DDR unter dem Titel "Der Tod liebt die Poesie" (1969, Taschenbuch Nr. 204) und in der BRD im Goldmann-Verlag als "Der Tod liebt Poesie" (1970). Da das Tschechische eine artikellose Sprache ist, sind beide Übersetzungen des Titels zulässig.

Der Fall des verlorenen Hundes, der wörtlich übersetzt "Der Fall des geliehenen Hundes" heißen müsste, erschien 1984 im Aufbau-Verlag, als bb-Taschenbuch Nr. 522.

Weblinks

 Tschechische Internetseite mit Inhaltsangabe und Autoreninfos

Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Autor
Schriftsteller (Prag)
Literatur (Tschechisch)
Kriminalliteratur
Tscheche
Geboren 1938
Mann

Jan Klíma


El Mausoleo de Mohamed V es un sepulcro real situado en Rabat, la capital de Marruecos. Se encuentra en la explanada de la Torre Hasán, cerca de la parte final del río Bu Regreg. El mausoleo alberga la tumba del rey Mohamed V, y de sus hijos Hasán II y Mulay Abdellah. Fue construido entre 1961 y 1971, 10 años de trabajo en los que colaboraron más de 400 artistas marroquíes. El diseño del mausoleo fue realizado por el arquitecto vietnamita Eric Vo Toan, y está caracterizado por su estilo clásico árabe-andaluz dentro del arte tradicional marroquí.

Historia

, entre otras cosas debido a haberse negado a aplicar las leyes antisemitas de la Francia del Régimen de Vichy, protegiendo así unos 400.000 judíos marroquís. Es considerado como el "Padre de la nación marroquí moderna" y fue una de las figuras claves en las negociaciones de la independencia de Marruecos. Fue exiliado en 1944, primero en Córcega, y después en Madagascar por su apoyo al movimiento separatista Istiqlal de su país. Esta decisión del protectorado francés motivó olas de violencia entre la población, que ocasionaron el regreso del soberano y la independencia del reino en 1955.

De regreso de Madagascar, el sultán preside el 18 de noviembre de 1955 en la explanada de la célebre Torre Hasán la Oración del viernes en la que anuncia oficialmente la independencia del reino marroquí. Dado que este emplazamiento es altamente simbólico para los marroquíes, después de la muerte de Mohamed V fue escogido como el lugar de construcción del monumento que guardara sus restos.

Arquitectura

El mausoleo fue edificado en el estilo tradicional árabe-musulmán marroquí sobre una superficie de 1500 m². La fachada de la construcción, realizada sobre una armadura de hormigón, está cubierta de mármol blanco italiano y rematada con un techo piramidal de tejas verdes, como el color de la estrella del escudo de Marruecos, símbolo de la dinastía alauí. Los muros del interior están grabados con caligrafías coránicas y recubiertos del zellige tradicional (ornamento a base de trozos de azulejos de colores, parecido al trencadís catalán). La cúpula está hecha en talla de madera de cedro del Atlas y de caoba pinta, y cubierta con una capa de oro. Los sarcófagos del sultán y sus dos hijos (el primero al centro y los otros dos en las esquinas), tallados en bloques de ónix blanco pakistaní, se encuentran en un nivel más bajo, inaccesible para el visitante, que sólo puede contemplarlos a través de una amplia abertura-mirador en la planta de entrada.

Personas inhumadas en el mausoleo
 Mohamed V (10 de agosto de 1909 - 26 de febrero de 1961), sultán de Marruecos de 1927 a 1957, después rey de Marruecos de 1957 a 1961.
 Mulay Abdellah (30 de julio de 1935 - 23 de diciembre de 1983), príncipe de Marruecos, segundo hijo del rey Mohamed V.
 Hasán II (9 de julio de 1929 - 23 de julio de 1999), rey de Marruecos de 1961 a 1999, hijo primogénito de Mohamed V.

Véase también
 Lista de monarcas de Marruecos

Enlaces externos
 Portal con información turística (en francés)
 Vista panorámica del Mausoleo de Mohamed V
 Monumentos que debes visitar en Marruecos

Mohamed V
Arquitectura de Marruecos del siglo XX
Edificios y estructuras de Rabat
Dinastía alauí
Arquitectura de 1971
Tumbas reales
Marruecos en 1971

Mausoleo de Mohamed V


Lars Erik Nielsen (født 1. januar 1951 på Frederiksberg) er en dansk erhvervsmand og tidligere racerkører. Han er far til racerkører Christina Nielsen.

Han er fjerde generation og næstformand i Semler Gruppen, der står for den danske import af bilmærkerne Audi, Volkswagen, Seat, Škoda og Porsche.

Flyselskaber
I november 1992 etablerede Lars Erik Nielsen, sammen med sine to fætre Jesper og Rene Mourier, flyselskabet Maldivian Air Taxi, der fløj passagerer med vandflyver på Maldiverne. De solgte i 2013 selskabet til amerikanske Blackstone for over én milliard kroner.

Nielsen gik i 2014 ind i et projekt omhandlende ruteflyvning mellem Aarhus Havn og Københavns Havn. Dette resulterede i, at han som medejer af Nordic Seaplanes, i maj 2016 kunne indvie ruten mellem de to havne, som Danmarks første kommercielle rute med vandfly.

Motorsport
Lars Erik Nielsen har fem gange deltaget i racerløbet 24 Timers Le Mans i GT2-klassen. I motorsportskredse fik han kælenavnet "Lars Hjulspind".

I 2008 blev han medejer af den danske producent af sportsvogne til bilsport, Aquila Racing Cars.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Lars Erik Nielsens officielle hjemmeside

Personer fra Frederiksberg
Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark
Motorsportsfolk fra Danmark

Lars Erik Nielsen


Das Daguma-Gebirge ist ein Gebirge auf den Philippinen. Es befindet sich im Süden der Insel Mindanao und umfasst Gebiete der Provinzen Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani und South Cotabato. Die nordwestlichen Ausläufer des Gebirges erreichen auch die Provinz Maguindanao.

Das Daguma-Gebirge erstreckt sich entlang der Küste an der Celebessee. Es verläuft von der Bucht von Illana bis zur Bucht von Sarangani. Der höchste Berg des Gebirges ist der Mount Busa; dieser erreicht eine Höhe von ca. 2083 Metern über dem Meeresspiegel. Weitere Berge sind der Mount Daguma (1898 Meter) und die Three Kings. Der bekannteste Berg ist jedoch der Vulkan Parker, der 1641 einen für die Region verheerenden Ausbruch hatte und in dessen Folge sich der Maughan-See in seiner Gipfelcaldera bildete. Das Daguma-Gebirge bildet eine Wasserscheide zwischen dem Rio Grande de Mindanao im Norden und den Flüssen im Süden, die direkt in die Celebessee münden.

Im Norden des Gebirges liegt der Sebu-See, in dessen Nähe sich der Wissenschaftskrimi um den Stamm der Tasaday abspielte.

Weblinks
 Coastal Environment Plan Province of Sarangani 2001 294 kB Portable Document Format (PDF) englisch

Gebirge in Asien
Gebirge auf den Philippinen
Geographie (Mindanao)
Provinz Sultan Kudarat
Sarangani
South Cotabato

Daguma-Gebirge


Katsumi Oenoki (født 3. april 1965) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Katsumi Oenoki


Henry Essex Edgeworth (1745 - 22 de maio de 1807), também conhecido como L'Abbé Edgeworth de Firmont, foi um padre católico irlandês e confessor de Luís XVI.

Vida
Ele nasceu em Edgeworthstown, Condado de Longford, Irlanda, filho de Robert Edgeworth, o reitor da Igreja da Irlanda de Edgeworthstown. Sua mãe, Martha Ussher, é muitas vezes referida como neta do arcebispo Ussher, mas na verdade era proveniente de um ramo diferente dessa família. Em 1791 tornou-se confessor da princesa Isabel, irmã de Luís XVI, e conquistou o respeito até dos sans-culottes pela sua coragem e devoção. Por Madame Elizabeth, ele foi recomendado ao rei quando o julgamento de Louis estava iminente; e após a condenação de Luís à morte, ele conseguiu obter permissão para celebrar a missa para ele e assisti-lo no cadafalso, onde recomendou ao rei que deixasse suas mãos amarradas, com as palavras: "Senhor, neste novo ultraje eu veja apenas o último traço de semelhança entre Vossa Majestade e o Deus que será sua recompensa". Conta-se que no momento da execução, o confessor pronunciou as célebres palavras: "Filho de São Luís, sobe ao céu" (embora isso seja contestado; o próprio Edgeworth, em suas memórias, não poderia afirmá-los nem negá-los.

Embora tenha estudado originalmente com o objetivo de se tornar missionário, decidiu permanecer em Paris, dedicando-se especialmente aos católicos romanos irlandeses e ingleses. Através de seu pai e do Arcebispo de Paris, tornou-se vigário-geral da diocese de Paris e amigo da família real e permaneceu com eles durante a Revolução Francesa.

Em 1791 tornou-se confessor da princesa Isabel, irmã de Luís XVI, e conquistou o respeito até dos sans-culottes pela sua coragem e devoção. Por Madame Elizabeth, ele foi recomendado ao rei quando o julgamento de Luís estava iminente; e após a condenação de Luís à morte, ele conseguiu obter permissão para celebrar a missa para ele e assisti-lo no cadafalso, onde recomendou ao rei que deixasse suas mãos amarradas, com as palavras: "Senhor, neste novo ultraje eu veja apenas o último traço de semelhança entre Vossa Majestade e o Deus que será sua recompensa." Conta-se que no momento da execução, o confessor pronunciou as célebres palavras: "Filho de São Luís, sobe ao céu" (embora isso seja contestado; o próprio Edgeworth, em suas memórias, não poderia afirmá-los nem negá-los).

Apesar do perigo que agora corria, Edgeworth recusou-se a deixar a França enquanto pudesse ser útil a Madame Elizabeth, com quem ainda conseguia se corresponder. Por fim, em 1795, tendo entretanto a sua mãe morrido na prisão, onde também a sua irmã estava confinada, conseguiu fugir para a Inglaterra, depois para a Escócia, levando consigo a última mensagem de Isabel ao seu irmão, o futuro rei Carlos X, que encontrou em Edimburgo. Ele foi com alguns papéis para Monsieur (Luís XVIII) em Blankenburg em Brunswick, por quem foi induzido a acompanhá-lo a Mittau, na Rússia, onde morreu de febre contraída enquanto atendia prisioneiros franceses em 1807. Luís XVIII escreveu seu epitáfio, cuja cópia, juntamente com uma carta de condolências, foi enviada por ordem de Luís ao Sr. Ussher Edgeworth na Irlanda.

Memórias e cartas
As Mémoires de Edgeworth, editadas por CS Edgeworth, foram publicadas pela primeira vez em inglês (Londres, 1815), e uma tradução francesa (na verdade as cartas e algumas notas diversas, etc.) foi publicada em Paris em 1816. Uma tradução das Lettres de l'abbé Edgeworth avec des mémoires sur sa vie foi publicado por Madame Elizabeth de Bow em Paris em 1818, e Letters from the Abbé Edgeworth to his Friends, with Memoirs of his Life, editado por Thomas Richard England, em Londres em 1818.

Referências

Fontes

 JBA Hanet-Clery, Journal de ce qui s'est passe, etc. (Paris, 1825);
 AH du D de Beauchesne, Vie de Madame Elisabeth (Paris, 1869);
 Edgeworth, C. Sneyd. Memoirs of the Abbé Edgworth, Containing the Last Hours of Louis XVI. (London, 1815).;
 Jean Charles Dominique de Lacretelle, Précis historique de la Révolution française (Paris, 1801–1806).
Padres católicos da França

Henry Essex Edgeworth


The 2004 presidential campaign of John Kerry, the longtime U.S. senator from Massachusetts, began when he formed an exploratory committee on December 1, 2002. On September 2, 2003, he formally announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination. After beating John Edwards, Howard Dean, Wesley Clark, and other candidates in the primaries, he became the Democratic nominee, challenging Republican incumbent George W. Bush in the general election. Kerry selected Edwards as his running mate.

Kerry conceded defeat in a telephone call to Bush at around 11 a.m. EST (16:00 UTC) on the morning of November 3, 2004. Had Kerry won, he would have been the first incumbent senator since John F. Kennedy to be elected president. Edwards would have been the first vice president from North Carolina.

Edwards would run for president again in the 2008 Democratic primary, finishing third. That year's Democratic nominee, Barack Obama, became the first senator elected president since Kennedy. After Obama's reelection in 2012, he nominated Kerry as Secretary of State.

Political positions

Economy and budget
Kerry supported enhancing the Balanced Budget Act. In 1999, Kerry voted for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Kerry supported eliminating tax incentives for companies that move operations overseas and making efforts to reduce outsourcing.

Kerry was against funding cuts in Social Security benefits. He opposed privatizing Social Security accounts.

Immigration

Kerry supported cutting the Bureau for Citizenship and Immigration Services' application pending backlog and reducing the lag for the naturalization process. Kerry endorsed benefits to legal immigrants. Kerry supported the DREAM Act. Kerry supported the proposal of legalizing the status of illegal immigrants, pending a certain amount of working time in the US and passing a background check. Kerry proposed border enforcement reformation and an increase of border enforcement funding.

Education and science
Kerry voted for the No Child Left Behind Act and argues that it should be "fully funded" which would entail funding several programs up to authorized levels of funding. He proposed a new "Education Trust Fund" to require the federal government to fund programs up to their authorized levels. He also proposed a "College Opportunity Tax Credit" for "economically vulnerable" students.

Kerry promised to increase funding for scientific research, to reduce restrictions on stem cell research, and to facilitate cooperation with foreign scientists by improving immigration and visa practices. He said he would support efforts to reduce global warming.

Law and justice
As an assistant district attorney, Kerry personally prosecuted armed robbers, rapists, and mob bosses. He is in favor of putting resources in the community, backing the Community Oriented Policing System Act (COPS), and creating laws that lead to criminals being arrested and convicted. Kerry has advocated expanding the COPS program to place 100,000 police officers in community policing assignments. Kerry supports the Police Corps program. In the Senate, Kerry has advocated laws that punish drug dealers and money launderers.

Death penalty
Kerry has long stated his opposition to the death penalty, but has recently stated that he would support it in the case of convicted terrorists. He had previously opposed the death penalty for terrorists on the grounds that it would make it difficult to extradite suspects to the United States to stand trial. (Many nations refuse extradition requests, on humanitarian grounds, if the suspect faces execution.)

Illegal drugs
Kerry's proposals to deal with illegal drugs include focusing on keeping drugs out of the country as well as reducing demand for illegal drugs. Kerry supports aggressively targeting traffickers and dealers. Kerry supports funding drug prevention and treatment programs.

Guns
Kerry is a gun owner and hunter. Kerry believes that law-abiding Americans should continue to have the right to own guns, but only guns that fall within the "hunters and sportsmen" paradigm. As he has consistently voted against the positions of the National Rifle Association, in 2002 he was given a performance rating of F, their lowest rating. Also in 2002, the pro-gun control Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence indicated that Kerry voted their preferred position 100% of the time.

As a senator, Kerry has supported:
The Brady Bill and mandatory background checks
Legislation to close the gun show loophole
A ban on various types of semi-automatic firearms
Mandatory gun locks

Social issues

Abortion
Kerry affiliates himself with pro-choice women's organizations. Kerry is against the criminalization of abortion. In the Senate, Kerry consistently voted against bans on abortions conducted on military bases and military installations overseas, as well as against the ban on partial-birth abortion. He has been given a 0% rating from the National Right to Life Committee and a 100% rating from NARAL.

In an interview on July 4, 2004, Kerry told the Dubuque, Iowa, Telegraph Herald "I oppose abortion, personally. I don't like abortion. I believe life does begin at conception." "I can't take my Catholic belief, my article of faith, and legislate it on a Protestant or a Jew or an atheist," he continued in the interview. "We have separation of church and state in the United States of America."
Archbishop Raymond Burke said that he would deny Kerry communion over his position on abortion. The issue led to comparisons between Kerry's presidential campaign and that of John F. Kennedy in 1960. While Kennedy had to demonstrate his independence from the Roman Catholic Church due to public fear that a Catholic president would make decisions based on Vatican commands, it seemed that Kerry, in contrast, had to show obedience to Catholic authorities in order to win votes. According to Margaret Ross Sammons, Kerry's campaign was sufficiently damaged by the threat to withhold communion that it may have cost him the election. Sammons argues that President George W. Bush was able to win 53% of the Catholic vote because he appealed to "traditional" Catholics.

Gay rights
Kerry is in favor of the acknowledgement and protection of civil rights for gay and lesbian Americans. John Kerry is an original cosponsor of the Hate Crimes Prevention bill and supports passage of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. He introduced a very early bill (1985) into the Senate to statutorily forbid sexual-orientation-based discrimination. Kerry cosponsored the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act (CARE) and also sponsored the Vaccines for the New Millennium Act.

Kerry supported same-sex civil unions, but opposed same-sex marriage. Kerry supported legislation to provide domestic partners of federal employees the benefits available to spouses of federal employees. Kerry voted against the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in the Senate in 1996 and opposes the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA). He and Senator Edwards were absent for the unsuccessful vote to invoke cloture on the FMA, a procedural move that the FMA's proponents had conceded beforehand would be defeated. In an interview with National Public Radio in February 2004, Kerry endorsed equal rights for same-sex couples, but commented that "the word marriage kind of gets in the way of the whole debate," because of the religious origin of marriage as being limited to male-female unions.

Kerry opposed the "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Since 1995, Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest gay-rights advocacy group, has given Kerry a 100% rating for his voting record in Congress.

Affirmative action
Kerry states that he supports affirmative action and diversity programs, a claim supported by his Senate voting record. He has, however, expressed reservations about affirmative action in the past, most notably in a 1992 speech in which he reportedly called the practice "inherently limited and divisive," explaining that it "has kept America thinking in racial terms." Kerry has also received some criticism from African Americans because his campaign inner circle was entirely white. Kerry also remarked on Bill Clinton's close relationship with African Americans: "President Clinton was often known as the first black president. I wouldn't be upset if I could earn the right to be the second." Kerry's remark was not well received by some blacks.

National service
Kerry supports supplementing national service in nearly all aspects of American life, including requiring community service for high school students to graduate, a "Summer of Service" for teenagers (essentially community service during summer breaks from school, with a U.S. $500 grant for college), increasing the Peace Corps to 25,000 members, requiring universities that receive Federal funding to offer a ROTC, and providing more funding for ROTC scholarships.

Foreign policy

Iraq
Kerry voted in support of the Senate resolution authorizing the President to use force against Saddam Hussein if he failed to surrender his weapons of mass destruction and related tools for constructing and distributing them. Kerry, in October 2002, declared his belief that "Iraq has some lethal and incapacitating agents and is capable of quickly producing weaponizing of a variety of such agents, including anthrax, for delivery on a range of vehicles, such as bombs, missiles, aerial sprayers and covert operatives which would bring them to the United States itself." The National Intelligence Estimate, to which Kerry had access, held some skepticism of Iraq's capability. Kerry's vote to support the use of force in Iraq was given with strong stipulations that all other peaceful avenues be exhausted first, and that any action of force would be done in conjunction with a world coalition, and not just with the British. (Kerry's full statement before casting his resolution vote)

After the President launched the U.S. invasion against Iraq, without meeting all of Kerry's stipulation, Kerry reiterated his position and declared the administration's Iraq policy reckless at best and baseless at worst. He has since been outspoken against the handling of the war and of the Bush administration's stewardship of occupied Iraq, attacking what he calls poor planning and poor diplomacy on Bush's part, but supports remaining in Iraq until the task of reconstruction and reconciliation is complete. He changed his position on WMDs by saying they were not enough to go to war with Iraq. (Kerry's post-attack view on Iraq) This harmed Kerry's campaign when he was perceived as a "flip-flopper," changing his position to better suit what is popular. This perception was strengthened after a March 16, 2004 debate at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia when Kerry made what would become one of the most famous lines of his campaign stating, "I actually did vote for the 87 billion dollars, before I voted against it." The Bush campaign immediately seized on the comment, using the footage in television ads to illustrate its charge that Kerry flip-flops on issues, particularly the war in Iraq.  "Kerry Discusses $87 Billion Comment,"

Kerry was criticized by Howard Dean and others for his position on the war, which was criticized as inconsistent. Kerry explained his vote authorizing force by claiming that he believed the Senate resolution was intended to be a diplomatic "threat" to Saddam Hussein and not a blank check for war. In the first of the 2004 U.S. presidential election debates, Kerry argued that Saddam Hussein had posed a significant potential threat, but that President Bush was premature in going to war. Kerry stated that war should have been a last resort, after diplomatic pressure and efforts by United Nations weapons inspectors had been allowed to run their course.

Kerry and Bush sparred repeatedly over Kerry's expression of his policy. Kerry maintained that he has "one Iraq policy", while Bush claimed that Kerry has made major changes in his policy. The Bush campaign says that differences between one Kerry policy statement and another amount to "flip-flops." The nonpartisan FactCheck stated that "Kerry has never wavered from his support for giving Bush authority to use force in Iraq, nor has he changed his position that he, as President, would not have gone to war without greater international support."

Multilateralism
Kerry advocates involving NATO, troops from other countries and the United Nations in U.S.-led efforts to achieve the goals of a "stable" and "democratic" world. According to the Harvard Crimson, Kerry said in 1970 that the United Nations should have approval over most of our foreign military operations. "I'm an internationalist. I'd like to see our troops dispersed through the world only at the directive of the United Nations." He has since repudiated this 1970 position. Kerry says he has always believed the United States has the absolute right to defend itself.

Throughout his Senate career, Kerry was also a staunch critic of many foreign policy initiatives of Republican Presidents. He opposed and voted against the Gulf War in 1991, and opposed funding the Contras in Nicaragua and similar armed groups in Latin America.

Kerry was preferred by most US allies, according to a GlobeScan-PIPA poll, conducted during July and August, 2004.

Military
Kerry sponsored the Code of Conduct of Arms Transfers Act, which would prohibit U.S. military assistance and arms transfers to undemocratic nations, human rights violators or armed aggressors. Kerry cosponsored an amendment to the Department of Defense Authorization Bill that allows the military to transport families of soldiers wounded while on active duty.

Kerry detailed proposals for homeland security efforts include enlisting the National Guard and AmeriCorps, creating a community defense service, ensuring first defenders and first responders are equipped and ready, improving information technology, reforming domestic intelligence, implementing public health initiatives and improving infrastructure security.

Kerry and fellow Vietnam-era Navy veteran Senator John McCain (R-AZ) had worked together in the early 1990s on U.S. Senate Select POW/MIA Committee. McCain and Kerry later joined to urge President Clinton to lift the trade embargo against Vietnam, which led to normalized relations between the countries but engendered some angry reactions from those involved in the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue.

Environment
Kerry advocates the removal of toxins from communities, bolstering the Superfund cleanup program, and reducing sprawl and traffic congestion.

Proposals for "Green and Clean Communities" include a Toxics Task Force at the EPA, fighting air pollution, water pollution and fighting other environmental hazards. Kerry has proposed a "Conservation Covenant." As part of the covenant, Kerry will extend the Endangered Species Act for the benefits of wildlife and habitat protection to public and private lands and reinvest public-land royalties back into land protection.

In 2002, Kerry was one of the leaders of the Senate filibuster that defeated the Bush administration's proposal to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. Kerry wants to participate in the development of an international climate change strategy to address global warming.

In 1998, the League of Conservation Voters gave Kerry an award for having one of the best environmental voting records in the Senate over the previous five years. In 2004, the Sierra Club endorsed Kerry, the first time it had endorsed a presidential candidate before the party conventions.

Health care
Kerry proposed a comprehensive health care plan that was more extensive than that proposed by President Bush.  Several estimates were made of the cost of his proposals. While the estimates varied, they all indicated that the funding requirements would be substantial.

Campaign history

Campaign managers
Early on, John Kerry's campaign manager was Jim Jordan. However, Jordan was replaced by Mary Beth Cahill. Kerry also hired Bob Shrum as a campaign consultant. Cahill and Shrum were known for disagreeing on how the campaign should be run.

Kerry's team of advisors included Robert Rubin on economic affairs and Gary Hart on foreign policy. James Johnson, a Washington businessman and democratic veteran, coordinated Kerry's search for a running mate, eventually settling on John Edwards.

Endorsements

Prior to the primaries, Kerry collected endorsements from a variety of notable Democratic figures, including:
 Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius
 Former Maine Governor and future U.S. Senator Angus King
 Former New Hampshire Governor and future U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen
 Massachusetts Senator Edward Kennedy
 California Senator Dianne Feinstein
 Illinois State Senator and future US president Barack Obama
 Former Georgia Senator Max Cleland
 Former Colorado Senator and presidential candidate Gary Hart
 Former Labor Secretary and Massachusetts gubernatorial candidate Robert Reich
 Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson (husband of Valerie Plame)
 Former Los Angeles City Councillor and future Mayor of Los Angeles Antonio Villaraigosa
 Former Housing and Urban Development Director Henry Cisneros
 Singer and songwriter Carole King
 Songwriter Bruce Springsteen
 Musician and actor Jon Bon Jovi
 Future President of Nickelodeon Cyma Zarghami
 Actress Uma Thurman
 New York Senator and future Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
In sheer numbers, however, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in February 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa.

Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble; the key factor enabling it to survive was Kerry's mortgaging his own home and lending the money to his campaign. He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who was Al Gore's national field director and would later become the Democratic National Committee's National Field Director for Kerry-Edwards. Whouley is widely credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.

The only notable labor union to endorse him early was the International Association of Fire Fighters; however, Kerry's support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries. He received a historic endorsement by the United Farm Workers on February 1, 2004, in Phoenix, Arizona. This was the first time the UFW had endorsed a candidate in the primary since Robert Kennedy. He received the endorsement of the League of Conservation Voters prior to the New Hampshire primary, a first for that organization as well.

He also received the support of each of his former competitors as they lost primaries and dropped out of the race, beginning with Missouri representative Dick Gephardt. Plenty of other notable Democrats followed, as did many labor unions which had previously backed Gephardt or Dean or stayed out of the race entirely (he won the endorsement of the entire AFL–CIO just prior to his Super Tuesday showdown with Edwards).

Becoming the nominee, he gained the support of virtually every Democratic politician and organization in the nation. Two notable exceptions were retiring Georgia Senator Zell Miller, a conservative Democrat, and Ed Koch, the former three-term mayor of New York City, both of whom endorsed George W. Bush. All of the former candidates for the nomination endorsed Kerry.

On September 29, John Eisenhower, the son of the former Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower, endorsed Kerry in the New Hampshire Union Leader newspaper, saying that the Republican Party of today "is one with which I am totally unfamiliar". Ron Reagan, son of former President Ronald Reagan, endorsed Kerry, saying that Bush had hijacked his father's real legacy for extremist purposes, and spoke at the Democratic National Convention. Ron Reagan Jr. had a history of opposing his father's policies while President Reagan was in office. Furthermore, Michael Reagan, President Reagan's son from his first marriage, endorsed President Bush. The Senator also gained the endorsement of Marlow Cook, the former Republican Senator from Kentucky.

Ralph Nader's running mate in the 1996 and 2000 elections, Native American activist Winona LaDuke, refused to support him in 2004. Instead, she stated: "I am voting for John Kerry this November. I love this land, and I know that we need to make drastic changes in Washington if we are going to protect our land and our communities."

Former Governors of Maine and Minnesota Angus King and Jesse Ventura, respectively, endorsed Kerry in October 2004. Kerry also gained support from political activist Lyndon LaRouche.

Campaign controversies

Ted Sampley
In 2004, Vietnam veteran Ted Sampley claimed Kerry gave him the finger in front of photographers at the Vietnam memorial.  Rush Limbaugh, in conjunction with his broadcast on the matter, posted a doctored photo of the incident on his website, but stated that the Newsmax report that made the claim was his only source.

Swift Boat Veterans for Truth
Early in the 2004 presidential election campaign an organization known as Swift Boat Veterans for Truth was established to challenge John Kerry's bid for the presidency.

The group, led by Vietnam veteran John O'Neill, claimed that Kerry was "unfit to serve," based on various cited anecdotes regarding his wartime conduct, but also focused on his past activism in the anti-Vietnam war movement. While Kerry had criticized the government's highly unpopular war policy, the SBVT group claimed that his criticism was a "betrayal of trust" with other soldiers, and that by his activism he had caused direct and inexcusable "harm" to soldiers still at war. (See John Kerry military service controversy.)

Many believe that the organization's accusations coupled with the Kerry campaign's slow reaction to them were a significant factor in Kerry's November defeat. In addition, Kerry's first line from his acceptance speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention was, "I'm John Kerry, and I'm reporting for duty." Critics have argued that this line was inept and that Kerry's emphasis on his Vietnam experience opened the door to the Swiftboat attacks and shifted the national debate towards foreign policy issues, which were Bush's strengths, rather than the economic issues on which Democrats could have had more campaign success.

Running mate selection

Kerry's campaign began the process of searching for a vice-presidential nominee, sometimes called the "Veepstakes", shortly after Kerry's Super Tuesday victories. Kerry named Jim Johnson, former advisor to Vice President Walter F. "Fritz" Mondale, as the head of a vice-presidential search process.

One of the major criteria considered to be a factor in selecting a vice-presidential candidate was the ability to deliver a traditionally Republican or a swing state in the November election. Every successful Democratic presidential campaign since 1960 had included a politician from a swing state (usually in the South) who helped deliver one or more states for the Democrats.

By the first week of July 2004, pundits and those close to the Kerry campaign indicated that the vice-presidential selection had narrowed to five potential choices: U.S. Sen. John R. Edwards (N.C.), Ret. General Wesley K. Clark (Ar.), U.S. Rep. Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt (Mo.), U.S. Sen. Bob Graham (Fl.), and Iowa Gov. Thomas J. Vilsack, all of whom were reportedly instructed to clear their calendars for a potential announcement during the second week of July. Edwards, from North Carolina, Graham, from Florida, and Clark from Arkansas all were Southerners; the other two, from Missouri and Iowa respectively, are Midwesterners (the Midwest is viewed as a key region containing numerous swing states). As of late June, the charismatic Edwards was the first choice of Democratic voters, according to several polls; some pundits attributed this to high name recognition, due to his runner-up status in the primaries.

On the morning of July 6, 2004, Kerry announced the selection of John Edwards as his running mate. However, at 10 p.m. on the night before the official announcement, the information was leaked by an airport worker who saw Edwards's name being painted on Kerry's plane, which was to be used to announce his choice of running mate. On July 6, the Kerry campaign sent an e-mail message to his supporters at about 8:15 a.m. EDT informing them of the choice, and made the formal announcement for 9 a.m. EDT in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Kerry and Edwards were previously considered as potential running mates for Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore in the 2000 election, however Gore later chose Senator Joe Lieberman from Connecticut for the ticket.

Democratic Convention

At the Democratic National Convention in Boston from July 26 to July 29, 2004, Kerry made his Vietnam War experience a prominent theme. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty."

Following his official nomination at the convention, Kerry received only a small bounce in the polls and remained effectively tied with his opponent, Bush. This was the first time in recent political history that a candidate failed to receive a substantial boost in post-convention poll numbers.  Some political pundits attributed this small boost to the unusually small number of undecided voters as compared with previous presidential elections.

Debates
On March 13, while at a speaking engagement in Quincy, Illinois site of one of the historic Lincoln-Douglas debates, Kerry challenged Bush to a series of monthly debates. The Bush campaign declined the challenge.

On September 20, the Bush campaign and the Kerry campaign jointly released a memorandum of understanding between the two campaigns. The 32-page MOU covered in minute detail many aspects of the staging and format for the presidential and vice-presidential debates.

On September 30, Kerry and Bush debated at University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida in the first of three scheduled debates. This debate focused on foreign policy issues. Polls conducted immediately following the debate suggests that a majority of undecided voters believe that Kerry fared better than Bush did.

On October 8, Kerry and Bush debated at Washington University in St. Louis in a town-hall style debate, with the questions asked by the audience of undecided voters. Polls were split as to who won this debate, as Bush's performance was greatly improved.

On October 13, Kerry and Bush debated at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. The focus of this debate was domestic policy issues. Again, polls were split, but more indicated a win for Kerry than Bush.

Additionally, on October 5, the vice presidential candidates Senator John Edwards and Vice President Dick Cheney engaged in a debate at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.

Campaign spending
Kerry took public funds to finance his campaign, agreeing to a $74.6 million limit.

Views of Kerry

Some of Kerry's popular support came from "Anybody but Bush" voters - those who voted for him as a repudiation of the Bush administration's policies. One of the major focuses of his campaign was to attract voters to his stances on the issues, instead of as a de facto opponent of the President.

The official Kerry for President website declares:

John has a bold, new vision for America. An America safe from foreign threats and greedy special interests. John has the experience and plans to lead America to better jobs, quality health care, energy that is clean, renewable, and independent, and greater opportunities for our children.

The Kansas City Star endorsed Kerry before the Missouri primary and wrote of him:

Kerry has the right combination of intelligence, experience and thoughtful, progressive views for the job. His military record—he received both a Bronze Star and a Silver Star for acts of bravery in Vietnam—as well as his defense and foreign policy expertise clearly make him the best qualified Democrat to lead the nation in the continuing fight against our adversaries abroad...Kerry has decades of public service that are available for scrutiny and review. It is an excellent record, one that contains abundant evidence of the senator's commitment to the country and its better impulses.

The Chattanooga Times Free Press endorsed Kerry before the Tennessee Democratic primary and editorialized:

If Mr. Kerry is, by contrast [to Mr. Bush], a 'liberal,' at least his policies make sense and would benefit all Americans. He has supported the sort of responsible domestic policies that boost education, support job creation and improve health care for all. With his personal war experience and deep background in foreign policy, he would exercise sound diplomacy in foreign affairs.

The Washington Post had this editorial comment on Kerry's approaching front-runner status:

In an appearance in Milwaukee, fellow candidate and political rival Howard Dean stated, "When you act like Senator Kerry does, he appears to be more like George Bush than he does like a Democrat."

Critics of Kerry cite Associated Press reports that Kerry made efforts to keep loopholes for special interests. One loophole allowed American International Group to profit from liability insurance coverage it provided for the "Big Dig" project in Boston. AIG later provided the funds for Kerry's trip to Vermont and donated $30,000 (or more) to a group used to set up Kerry's presidential campaign (Company executives also donated $18,000 to his campaigns). Charles Lewis, head of the Center for Public Integrity, stated that "the idea that Kerry has not helped or benefited from a specific special interest, which he has said, is utterly absurd." Kerry has denied any connection between his assistance to AIG and its contributions to his campaign.

Kerry was in favor of free markets, free trade, and fiscal prudence. The Americans for Democratic Action, a prominent liberal organization, rates Kerry's voting record better than that of Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA), causing Republican National Committee chairman Ed Gillespie to joke, "Who would have guessed it? Ted Kennedy is the conservative senator from Massachusetts." (Kerry got a 93% from the ADA, Kennedy an 88%.)

On June 21, 2004, 48 Nobel laureates endorsed Kerry as they thought that he would increase the prosperity, health, environment, and security of Americans, attract talented scientists and engineers from abroad; and nurture a business environment that creates quality jobs. They criticized the Bush administration for reducing funding for scientific research, setting restrictions on stem cell research, ignoring scientific consensus on critical issues such as global warming, and hampering cooperation with foreign scientists by employing deterring immigration and visa practices.

A poll conducted in July and August 2004 showed that of citizens of 35 countries, 30 preferred Kerry over Bush. Only Nigeria, the Philippines and Poland preferred Bush. India and Thailand were divided. US Allies such as the UK (47% Kerry to 16% Bush), Germany (74% Kerry to 10% Bush), Spain (45% to 7%), Italy (58% to 14%), Japan (43% to 23%) were all in favor of Kerry. Other countries such as Mexico (38% to 18%), Colombia (47% to 26%), China (52% to 12%) and South-Africa (43% to 29%) were in favor of Kerry as well.

Campaign slogans

Kerry's campaign used many slogans to describe his run for the presidency:
 "A stronger America begins at home."
 "A safer, stronger, more secure America."
 "The real deal" — often printed on circular campaign gear as shown on the right
 "The courage to do what's right for America"
 "Together, we can build a stronger America"
 "A lifetime of service and strength"
 "Let America be America again" — the title of a poem by Langston Hughes
 "A new team, for a new America"
 "Stronger at home, respected in the world"
 "America deserves better"
 "Let us make one America" — from Edwards' former presidential campaign
 "Hope is on the way!" — chanted by Edwards and his supporters during his speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention
 "Help is on the way!" — chanted by Kerry and his supporters during his speech as the 2004 Democratic National Convention

Transition planning

A presidential transition was contingently planned from President Bush to Kerry.

Prior to the election, Kerry and his senior advisors began discussing details for a potential presidential transition should he defeat President Bush. The discussions were kept low-key. By late-October, it was reported by the Associated Press that aides to Kerry had anonymously told them that the transition process was behind schedule, but had still offered assurances that Kerry would be prepared to name his national security team soon after the election. He planned to do so abruptly after the election as, with ongoing war, Kerry believed that it would be necessary to put such a team in place quickly during a transition. On October 19, it was announced that Jim Johnson, who had led the search for Kerry's running mate, and David McKean would officially lead the transition effort.

See also
2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2004 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
2004 Democratic National Convention
2004 United States presidential election
George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign

References

External links
 John Kerry announcement speech
 John Kerry acceptance speech
 Official campaign website, original site via the Internet Archive.

John Kerry
John Edwards

John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign


Die Niederländische Badmintonmeisterschaft 1989 war die 48. Austragung der nationalen Titelkämpfe im Badminton in den Niederlanden.

Sieger und Finalisten

Weblinks
badminton.nl

1989
Badminton 1989


Noua Republică este un guvern fictiv din universul Războiul stelelor. Guvernul este o refacere a vechii Republici Galactice, un stat democratic care a condus galaxia mai mult de 25 de mii de ani până la reorganizarea sa ca Imperiul Galactic. Noua Republică apare prima oară în Trezirea Forței (2015) unde este decrisă ca fiind forța care conduce galaxia și ținta primară a atacurilor Primului Ordin, o putere militară care dorește restaurarea vechiului Imperiu Galactic.

Un an după victoria decisivă în Bătălia de la Endor așa cum apare în Întoarcerea lui Jedi (1983), Alianța Rebelilor se reorganizează într-o Nouă Republică.

În Ultimii Jedi (2017), Noua Republică este efectiv decapitată după distrugerea Senatului Galactic. Primul Ordin, sub conducerea Conducătorului Suprem Snoke, preia militar puterea.

Bibliografie
 Wendig, Chuck. Star Wars: Aftermath (2015).
 Gray, Claudia. Star Wars: Lost Stars (2015).
 Hidalgo, Pablo. Star Wars: The Force Awakens: The Visual Dictionary (2015).

Legături externe

Războiul stelelor

Noua Republică (Războiul stelelor)


Galatea Kazantzakis (în , ) a fost o scriitoare greacă din secolul al XX-lea.

Biografie
Fiică a editorului și savantului Stelian Alexiu, ea s-a căsătorit cu scriitorul Nikos Kazantzakis în 1911, de care a divorțat în 1926, și s-a căsătorit din nou în 1936 cu criticul și literatul Marcos Avyeris. A fost redactor-șef al unei reviste comuniste, a fost întemnițată pentru un timp în 1938 sub dictatura lui Ioannis Metaxas și i s-a interzis să mai publice timp de mai mulți ani.

Aspecte ale operei sale
Ea a abordat mai multe genuri literare: literatură pentru tineri, poezie, teatru, romane și nuvele. În nuvelele sale s-a preocupat de soarta celor oprimați, în special de femeile de toate condițiile care sufereau de pe urma discriminărilor.
Bine-cunoscută în Grecia în timpul vieții sale, ea a căzut oarecum în anonimat după moartea sa, dar unele dintre lucrările sale au fost republicate recent de editura Kastaniotis din Atena.
Într-un stil simplu și fără înflorituri, uneori chiar vitriolant, ea urmează îndeaproape fluxul de gânduri ale personajelor sale.

Opere principale
1) În limba greacă (ediții recente):
 Kaskoura A. Moschovia, Η Θηλυκή παραφωνία του Νίκου Καζαντζάκη (La fausse note féminine de Nikos Kazantzaki), biografie a Galateei Kazantzakis, Lettres grecques, 2003.
 Άνθρωποι και Υπεράνθρωποι (Hommes et Surhommes), roman autobiografic, Kastaniotis, Atena, 2007.
 Κρίσιμες στιγμές (Instants décisifs), nuvele, Kastaniotis, 2008.
 Ο κόσμος που πεθαίνει και ο κόσμος που έρχεται (Le monde qui meurt et le monde qui vient), nuvele, Kastaniotis, 2009.
 Η άρρωστη πολιτεία (La cité malade), roman, ed. Ελληνικά Γράμματα (Lettres grecques), Atena, 2010.

2) În traducere franceză există doar cincisprezece nuvele:
 Le péché de Photini (trad. A. de Lille-Daigre, în volumul Nouvelles), vol. 8, Julliard, 1959
 "Le contumace", în Nouvelles grecques (trad. F. Duisit) (recueil), Klincksieck, 1972
 Femmes de Grèce (trad. Simone Taillefer) (13 nuvele), ediție îngrijită de traducătoare, decembrie 2013

Referințe

Bibliografie
 În greacă, netraduse:
 Kaskoura A. Moschovia, Η Θηλυκή παραφωνία του Νίκου Καζαντζάκη (La fausse note féminine de Nikos Kazantzaki), biographie de Galatée Kazantzaki, Lettres grecques, 2003.
 Anguéla Kastrinaki, « Με κομμένα τα μαλλιά . Η Γαλάτεια καζαντζάκη και η γυναικεία χειραφέτηση » (« Avec les cheveux coupés . Galatée K. et l'émancipation féminine »), revue « Questions de littérature » n° 9 ( 1998 ), pp. 133 - 143.
 Anguéla Kastrinaki, « Γαλάτεια Καζαντζάκη - Karin Michaelis : η πολιτικοποίηση του πόνου » (« G. K. - K. M. : la politisation de la souffrance »). Crète et Europe : comparaisons, convergences et divergence en littérature, Actes I du Congrès savant international, Varvari, Crète 2001, pp. 317 - 328.
 Takis Adamos, article sur Galatée Kazantzaki dans Πνευματικές γνωριμίες (Intellectuels connus), Athènes, Kastanotis, 1986.
 Dora Moschou, Η κομμουνίστρια, η λογοτέχνις, η γυναίκα (La communiste, l'écrivain, la femme), Rizospastis, 22 octombrie 2010.

 În franceză:
 Marie-Paule Masson, professeur, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier III : « Masculin/Féminin dans l'œuvre de Galatée Kazantzaki », in Masculin féminin dans la langue, la littérature et l'art grecs modernes [Texte imprimé] : actes du XXIe Colloque international des néo-hellénistes des universités francophones, mai 2009 / textes réunis par Sophie Coavoux, IETT, Université Lyon III Jean Moulin, 2011.
  Simone Taillefer (dir.), Galatée Kazantzaki, une plume rebelle (Mémoire de Master « Études culturelles - Parcours grec moderne »).

Nașteri în 1886
Decese în 1962
Scriitori greci
Nikos Kazantzakis

Galatea Kazantzakis


Kim Jae-Wook (também conhecido como Gim Jae-uk em hangul 김재욱 e hanja 金材昱), é um ator e modelo sul-coreano nascido em 2 de abril de 1983. Ele é muito conhecido por seus papéis em várias produções coreanas, como o filme de comédia Antique (2008) e os dramas Coffee Prince (2007), Who Are You? (2013), o thriller Voice (2017), The Guest (2018), Her Private Life (2019) e Crazy Love (2022). Além disso, ele é fluente em japonês e interpretou Sō Takeyuki, o marido japonês da princesa Deokhye, no filme The Last Princess.

Biografia
Kim nasceu em Seul, capital da Coreia do Sul, mas cresceu em Tóquio, no Japão. Viveu lá até os sete anos de idade, quando retornou com sua família para a Coreia do Sul . O pai de Kim era jornalista e foi transferido para o Japão como correspondente estrangeiro. Aos 17 anos, Kim iniciou sua carreira artística ao se apresentar em uma banda e também trabalhava como modelo .

É fluente em japonês devido ao tempo que passou no Japão durante sua infância. Além disso, estudou no Instituto de Arte de Seul e cumpriu o serviço militar obrigatório por 21 meses, a partir de 5 de julho de 2011.

Carreira

2002–2011: início de carreira e descoberta
No drama "Ruler of Your Own World" da MBC, de 2002, Kim fez sua estreia como membro de uma banda independente. Depois de sua estreia como ator no drama, focou em sua carreira de modelo por cinco anos. Fez um teste em 2007 e ganhou o papel de No Sun-ki na série dramática de sucesso de 2007, Coffee Prince, que o levou à fama na Coréia do Sul e em outros países asiáticos. Posteriormente, em 2008, ele fez uma aparição no drama "The Kingdom of The Winds". Em maio de 2008, Kim foi nomeado embaixador da boa vontade para o 9º Festival Internacional de Cinema de Jeonju (JIFF)

Kim então estrelou seu primeiro filme, Antique, baseado no mangá Antique Bakery, que foi convidado para o 59º Festival Internacional de Cinema de Berlim. Kim foi premiado como Melhor Novo Ator no 16º Prêmio de Entretenimento Coreano. Em outubro de 2009, ele formou uma banda de rock moderno chamada Walrus, na qual ele atuou como guitarrista e vocalista. O nome da banda foi inspirado no single dos Beatles intitulado "I am the Walrus".

Conseguiu seu primeiro papel principal no k-drama sul-coreano-japonês da Bee TV, Give Me Your Memory: Pygmalion's Love, que foi ao ar em março de 2010. No mesmo ano, ele estrelou a série de televisão de melodrama Bad Guy e apareceu na série de comédia romântica Marry Me, Mary!.

Antes de se alistar para o serviço militar em 2011, participou do musical de rock "Hedwig And the Angry Inch" entre os meses de maio e junho do mesmo ano.

2013–2016: Retorno
Após concluir seu serviço militar obrigatório, Kim retornou às telas em "Who Are You?", uma série de televisão onde interpretou o namorado falecido da personagem de So Yi-hyun. No ano seguinte, ele estrelou em "Inspiring Generation", uma ação da KBS, como rival de Kim Hyun-joong. Entretanto, por questões inevitáveis, Kim deixou a série após o episódio 8.

Em 2015, Kim recebeu o papel principal no filme de comédia de fantasia "Plank Constant", interpretando um roteirista com fantasias sexuais estranhas.

Em 2016, Kim interpretou um nobre japonês que se casou com a personagem de Son Ye-jin, a princesa Deokhye, no filme histórico "The Last Princess". No mesmo ano, ele desempenhou um papel principal no filme "Two Rooms, Two Nights" como um diretor de cinema popular que tenta manter relacionamentos românticos secretos com sua atual namorada e sua ex-namorada.

2017–presente: Crescente popularidade
Em janeiro de 2017, Kim atuou como protagonista no filme de romance "Another Way", interpretando um policial que faz um pacto de suicídio com o personagem de Seo Yea-ji que conheceu online. Ele então assumiu o papel de antagonista no drama de suspense da OCN, "Voice", onde recebeu elogios por sua atuação como um serial killer. Em julho do mesmo ano, Kim foi escalado para o drama romântico "Temperature of Love", interpretando um rico empresário.

Em 2018, Kim obteve um papel no musical Amadeus com um elenco triplo, junto a Jo Jung-suk e Kim Sung-kyu. Além disso, o filme japonês Butterfly Sleep foi lançado em maio do mesmo ano. Kim também foi escalado para o thriller sobrenatural da OCN, The Guest.

Em 2019, Kim assumiu o papel principal na comédia romântica dramática Her Private Life, ao lado de Park Min-young, sendo esta a primeira vez que ele estrelou como protagonista em uma comédia romântica.

Em 2020, Kim lançou "My Margiela", uma série em cinco episódios sobre o estilista belga Martin Margiela. A série foi transmitida na plataforma de streaming Naver TV e mostrou Kim explorando a vida e o legado de Margiela, bem como suas próprias experiências com a moda e o estilo.

Em 2022, Kim protagonizou a série de televisão Crazy Love da KBS2, ao lado de Krystal Jung. Ele interpreta um instrutor de matemática e CEO de um instituto de matemática de destaque.

Vida pessoal
Em maio de 2011, Kim co-autorou o livro Top Model junto com as modelos de moda Jang Yoon-ju, Ji Hyun-jung, Han Hye-jin e Song Kyung-ah, que foi baseado em suas experiências na indústria da moda.

Após cinco semanas de treinamento militar básico, ele cumpriu o serviço militar obrigatório em 5 de julho de 2011, servindo ativamente por 21 meses.

Kim firmou um acordo de exclusividade com a agência Better ENT em junho de 2015, mas após dois anos de contrato, deixou a Better ENT e assinou com a SOOP.

Filmografia

Filme

Televisão

Teatro

Referências

Ligações externas

 Kim Jae Wook no HanCinema

Modelos masculinos da Coreia do Sul
Nascidos em 1983
Pessoas vivas
Atores da Coreia do Sul

Kim Jae-wook


Fethi Toker Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım Fakültesi, Karabük'ün Safranbolu ilçesinde yer alan Karabük Üniversitesi'ne bağlı bir fakültedir.

İlk olarak Bakanlar Kurulu'nun 30 Mayıs 2002 tarihli kararı ile Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü'ne bağlı olarak kurulmuş ve kurulma kararı 28 Haziran 2002 gün ve 24799 sayılı Resmi Gazete'de yayımlanmıştır. 2007 yılının Mayıs ayında  Karabük Üniversitesi kurulduğu için Karabük Üniversitesi'ne bağlanmıştır.

Safranbolu'nun Tarihi Frengi Hastanesi Binasında faaliyete geçen Fakülte bünyesinde Yükseköğretim Kurulu kararı ile "Mimarlık Bölümü", "Resim Bölümü" ve "Müzik Bölümü" açılmıştır. 2003 - 2004 Eğitim - Öğretim yılında 25 öğrenci ile öğretime başlayan Fakülte, 1 yıllık İngilizce hazırlık sınıfından sonra, 4 yıllık lisans öğrenimi vermektedir. Eğitim - Öğretim tarihi binanın yanı sıra Göztepe Kampüsü'nde kullanılan binalarda gerçekleştirilmektedir.

Kaynakça
 http://gstf.karabuk.edu.tr/
 http://www.karabuk.edu.tr

Karabük Üniversitesi'nin fakülteleri
Türkiye'deki güzel sanatlar fakülteleri

Karabük Üniversitesi Safranbolu Fethi Toker Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım Fakültesi


Pierre François Verhulst (28 October 1804, Brussels – 15 February 1849, Brussels) was a Belgian mathematician and a doctor in number theory from the University of Ghent in 1825. He is best known for the logistic growth model.

Logistic equation

Verhulst developed the logistic function in a series of three papers between 1838 and 1847, based on research on modeling population growth that he conducted in the mid 1830s, under the guidance of Adolphe Quetelet; see  for details.

Verhulst published in  the equation:

where N(t) represents number of individuals at time t, r the intrinsic growth rate, and  is the density-dependent crowding effect (also known as intraspecific competition).  In this equation, the population equilibrium (sometimes referred to as the carrying capacity, K), , is
.

In  he named the solution the logistic curve.

Later, Raymond Pearl and Lowell Reed popularized the equation, but with a presumed equilibrium, K, as

where K sometimes represents the maximum number of individuals that the environment can support.  In relation to the density-dependent crowding effect, .  The Pearl-Reed logistic equation can be integrated exactly, and has solution

where C = 1/N(0) − 1/K is determined by the initial condition N(0).  The solution can also be written as a weighted harmonic mean of the initial condition and the carrying capacity,

Although the continuous-time logistic equation is often compared to the logistic map because of similarity of form, it is actually more closely related to the Beverton–Holt model of fisheries recruitment.

The concept of R/K selection theory derives its name from the competing dynamics of exponential growth and carrying capacity introduced by the equations above.

See also
Population dynamics
Logistic map
Logistic distribution

Works

References

 Published as:

External links

1804 births
1849 deaths
Belgian mathematicians
19th-century male writers

Pierre François Verhulst


අතිපූජ්‍ය රඹුක්වැල්ලේ ශ්‍රී ධර්මරක්ෂිත සෝභිතාභිධාන ශ්‍යාමෝපාලි මහා නිකායේ දහනවවැනි මහානායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ (1946-1955)

ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ   1866ක්ව අගෝස්තු මස 17 වැනි දින හිස්සව අලගුවන්න ඒකනායක රාජගුරු පණ්ඩිත වාසල මුදියන්සේලාගේ ලොකුබණ්ඩාර නිලමේ නිසා උඩදුම්බර හක්මණ වලව්වේ ගලගොඩ ලොකු කුමාරිහාමිට දාව පාතදුම්බර පලිස්පත්තුවේ හක්මණ විල් අමුණේ වලව්වේදී උපන් මුන්වහන්සේ ගංගාරාම රජමහ විහාරාධිපතිව වැඩවුසූ අතිගරු රඹුක්වැල්ලේ ශ්‍රී සෝනුත්තරාභිධාන නායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ වෙතින්  කුණ්ඩසාලේ නරේන්ද්‍රසිංහාරාම රජමහ විහාරයේදී ධර්මශාස්ත්‍රෝද්ග්‍රහණයෙහි යෙදීමෙන් මූලිකාධ්‍යාපනය ලබා ඇත.

ඉන්පසු ක්‍රි.ව.1875 දී රඹුක්වැල්ල කුණ්ඩසාලේ රජමහා විහාරයේදී "රඹුක්වැල්ලේ ශ්‍රී සෝභිත " හිමි නමින් පැවිදිබිමට පත්වූයේ   මල්වතු මහා විහාරයේ වැඩවුසූ වැරසැර රඹුක්වැල්ලේ ශ්‍රී ධම්මරක්ඛිතාභිධාන අනුනායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේගේ ශිෂ්‍යානුශිෂ්‍ය පරපුර නියෝජනය කරමිනි.උගතමනා බණදහම්හි මනා පරිචයක් ලබන්නට උන්වහන්සේට ආචාර්යවරයාණන් නමකවූයේ  මල්වතු මහා විහාරාධිවාසී ව වැඩ විසූ වටරක රතනජෝති සෝභිතාභිධාන අනුනායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේයි.

අතිගරු හිප්පොල ධම්මරක්ඛිත සෝභිතාභිධාන මහානායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ උපාධ්‍යාය ව පූජ්‍ය වැව්ගොන්නේ විපස්සි අනුනායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ හා පූජ්‍ය වටරක රතනජෝති සෝභිතාභිධාන අනුනායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ කර්මාචාරීව ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 1887 දී මල්වතු මහාවිහාරයේ උපසම්පදාව ලැබිය.

තවද මුන්වහන්සේ අතිපූජ්‍ය තිබ්බටුවාවේ ශ්‍රී සිද්ධාර්ථ සුමංගල මහානායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රවර ප්‍රමුඛ විංශත්වර්ගික ගරුතර කාරක මහා සංඝසභාව වෙතින් තුනේ වියදම් පඩිය නම් වූ කාරක පදවියට ද,වර්ෂ 1925 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මස 14 වැනිදා ගංගාරාම රජමහ විහාරයේ නායක පදවියට ද,වර්ෂ 1934 ජනවාරි මස 7 වැනිදා අපේ මල්වතු මහා විහාරයේ අනුනායක පදවියට ද,වර්ෂ 1946 ජනවාරි මස 6 වැනිදා අතිගරු පහමුණේ ශ්‍රී සුමංගලාභිධාන මහානායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේගෙන් පුරප්පාඩුව පැවැති මහ පදවියට ද පත්වී වදාළහ.

කුණ්ඩසාලේ රජමහ විහාරය,ගෝනාවත්තේ රජමහ විහාරය,සිද්දාවුල්ලේ රජමහ විහාරය යන විහාරයන්හි විහාරාධිපතිත්වය ද හෙබවූ මුන්වහන්සේ වසර පනහක පමණ කාලයක් උතුම් දළදා තේවාවෙහි යෙදී තිබේ.ගංගාරාම රජමහ විහාරයෙහි එකල ජරාවාසව පැවැති සංඝාවාසය වෙනුවට නව සංඝාවාසයක් ද ඉදිකරවීම උන්වහන්සේගෙන් සැලසුනු පුළුල් සමාජයීය මෙහෙවරෙහි අග්‍රඵලයක් බැව් කිව මනා ය .

මහා විහාරයෙහි සංඝ සාමග්‍රිය අරභයා නිබඳ කටයුතු කළ මුන්වහන්සේ නිර්භීත ය.එමෙන් ස්ථානෝචිත ප්‍රඥාවෙන් යුක්ත ය.අතිගරු රඹුක්වැල්ලේ ශ්‍රී ධර්මරක්ෂිත විපස්‍යභිධාන විසිපස්වැනි මහා නායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ හා කුණ්ඩසාලේ නරේන්ද්‍රසිංහාරාම පොත්ගුල් රජමහ විහාරාධිපතිව වැඩවුසූ ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ කාරක සංඝසභික රඹුක්වැල්ලේ ශ්‍රී ධර්මරක්ෂිත සීලරතනාභිධාන නායක ස්වාමීන්ද්‍රයන් වහන්සේ මුන්වහන්සේගේ ශිෂ්‍යවරයින් වහන්සේලාය. පුරා අසූ නව වසක් ආයු ශ්‍රී වින්දනය කෙරෙමින් සිටි උන්වහන්සේ 1955  ජූලි මස 1 වැනි දින රාත්‍රි 2 ට අපවත් වූ සේක.

මූලාශ්‍ර

රඹුක්වැල්ල සෝභිත හිමි


Die Winton-Formation  ist eine Formation im Great Artesian Basin in Australien. Diese Abfolge kreidezeitlicher Sedimentgesteine ist vom nördlichen bis ins westliche zentrale Queensland und weiter südlich in New South Wales und South Australia aufgeschlossen.

Die Winton-Formation ist eine der größten Formationen Australiens. Am Diamantina-Nationalpark ist die Formation mit etwa 400 Metern eher geringmächtig, während die Mächtigkeit bei Thargomindah nahezu 1200 Meter beträgt. Durch Bohrungen wurde festgestellt, dass auch dünne Lagen von Kohle in den Schichten eingelagert sind. Die Formation ist größtenteils tief verwittert, was zur Bildung von Laterit und Silcreten führte. In den Gebieten, die starker Erosion unterlagen, befinden sich die Opalfelder im Westen von Queensland. Fossilien finden sich in Gebieten, die weniger stark erodiert sind.

Die Sedimentgesteine der Formation rühren größtenteils von recycelten vulkanischem Material her. So waren an der Nordostküste Queenslands in der Kreide Vulkane aktiv.

Aus der Winton-Formation stammen zahlreiche Überreste von Dinosauriern wie Sauropoden und Theropoden; Funde schließen Australovenator, Diamantinasaurus und Wintonotitan mit ein. Westlich der Stadt Eromanga wurden die Überreste von Krokodilen, Fischen, Lungenfischen, Schildkröten, Insekten und Frischwassermuscheln gefunden.

Einzelnachweise

Geologie Australiens
Geographie (Australien)

Winton-Formation


The Markeaton Park Light Railway was a  gauge light railway line located within Markeaton Park in the city of Derby, Derbyshire, England. The railway was first opened in 1989, extended in 1996, and closed down in September 2016.

Description
The line was  long. The railway was privately owned and staffed and maintained by volunteers. The main station, Markeaton Station, was located at the Ashbourne Road/Queensway entrance to the park, next to the car park, in buildings formerly occupied by the British Army. On operating days, trains ran every 25 minutes to Mundy Halt at the Mundy Play Centre. Trains ran at about .

History

From 1989 until 1996, when the railway was purchased by John Bull, the motive power was a 4-wheeled petrol-hydraulic locomotive named "Invicta".  The carriages were two open "toastrack" vehicles, largely built by the original owner.  From 1996 until the summer of 2009 the railway operated a steam locomotive "Markeaton Lady" which was built by the Exmoor Steam Railway in 1996. She was a   and was purchased and operated by John Bull, the final owner of the Markeaton Park railway. It was sold in 2009 due as her boiler needed replacement and the owner could not afford to undertake the work. The locomotive now operates at Evesham Vale Light Railway, where it carries the name "Monty".

In 2002, the line purchased with a replica British Rail Baby Deltic diesel locomotive from the  gauge Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway. After an overhaul the locomotive started operating on the line in 2003. The locomotive had been supplied new to the Steamtown miniature railway at Carnforth before moving to Cleethorpes. The line used three coaches built by Exmoor, and three ex-Fairbourne coaches which were modified and re-gauged.

An industrial style diesel locomotive originally built by Ruston and Hornsby and rebuilt by Alan Keef which had run at Markeaton before, named "Cromwell", was anticipated to join the railway again in 2010, but this did not take place.

During 2010 the railway was put up for sale, but this was retracted during the 2010 winter period.

Markeaton Park Light Railway operated for the last time on Sunday 18 September 2016. Major maintenance work was required to repair the engine shed and depot, which had been the responsibility of Derby City Council. The council were unable to fund the required repairs. The track was subsequently removed, with the exception of some concrete level crossings. The locomotive and carriages were sold to the Lappa Valley Steam Railway after closure.

External links
Markeaton Park Railway Facebook Page

15 in gauge railways in England
Rail transport in Derby
Railway lines opened in 1989
Tourist attractions in Derby
Railway lines closed in 2016
1989 establishments in England
2016 disestablishments in England

Markeaton Park Light Railway


Basetni klarinet je klarinet ugođen u tipkama A ili Bb (vrlo rijetko čak i u tipkama G ili C), čiji je domet velika terca veća od one normalnog klarineta (sopran klarinet), napisanog u C 2. Najniže note c, cis, d i es, koje ne postoje u redovnom klarinetu, nazivaju se baset notama. Ti tonovi proizvode zvuk sličan zvuku basetnog roga. Čitav je tonski raspon zabilježen od C 2 do D 6, svirajući u A ili Bb ugađanju od A 1 do B 5 ili od b 1 do C 6; stoga sadrži četiri oktave plus ton za razliku od sopran klarineta, s četiri oktave manje jedan ton.

Povijest

Basetni klarinet, poput basetnog roga, izumljen je u nekoliko modela počevši od 1770. godine, s različitim dizajnom, različitim ugađanjima i s različitim imenima. Oko 1788. godine bečki graditelj Theodor Lotz zajedno s najpoznatijim klarinetistom tog vremena Antonom Stadlerom, bliskim Mozartovim prijateljem, razvio je instrument za Stadlera s tuningom u A. Skica ovog klarineta nalazi se na oglasu za koncert Stadlera u ožujku 1794. u Rigi. Za ovaj instrument Mozart je napisao prvu skladbu za klarinet i gudački kvartet 1789. godine (KV 581) koju je Stadler prvi put izveo 22. prosinca 1789. godine u Beču sa svojim novim basetnim klarinetom. Mozart je za ovaj instrument napisao i poznati Koncert u A-duru za klarinet i orkestar, KV 622. Ovu je skladbu također prvi put izveo Stadler, 16. listopada 1792 godine u Pragu.

Međutim, basetni klarinet se nije uspio etablirati u obitelji klarineta. Nakon smrti Mozarta, a posebno Stadlera (1814.), interes i upotreba instrumenta zapravo su izgubljeni, kao što se može vidjeti u videu "Mozartov izgubljeni klarinet". Partiture kvinteta i koncerta također su izgubljeni. Ovi su sastavi distribuirani samo u transkribiranim verzijama za redoviti klarinet sve dok u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća neki klarinetisti nisu pokušali rekonstruirati izvorne verzije za basetni klarinet.

Od tada je instrument dobio važnost zahvaljujući njemačkom proizvođaču klarineta Herbertu Wurlitzeru. Godine 1984. izradio je moderni basetni klarinet za poznatu klarinetisticu Sabine Meyer, koja je u međuvremenu izvodila Mozartov koncert za klarinet, a povremeno i svoj kvintet klarineta u rekonstruiranim verzijama, nakon čega su slijedili drugi svjetski poznati solo klarinetisti, kao što su David Shifrin, Antony Pay, Kari Kriikku, Alessandro Carbonare, Martin Fröst, Sharon Kam, Colin Lawson, Shirley Brill i Annelien Van Wauwe. Američki klarinetist Charles Neidich, Talijan Luca Lucchetta, Nizozemac Vlad Weverbergh i Šveđanin Stefan Harg, svi uključeni u praksu povijesnih performansa, sviraju Mozarta na replikama Stadlerovog basetnog klarineta. Čak i u izvedbama Mozartove La clemenza di Tito nell'aria "Parto, ma tu ben mio" (br. 9), basetni klarinet u B sve se češće koristi umjesto normalnog klarineta.

Češki klarinetist Jiří Kratochvíl nazvao je Stadlerov klarinet basetni sredinom 20. stoljeća i otad je pojam općeprihvaćen. Svjetska premijera ovog klarineta bila je u Pragu, na kojem je odsvirao 16. listopada 1791. godine.

Budući da su basetni klarineti bili rijetki onda kao i sada, dio klarineta ubrzo je prepravljen za normalan klarinet u A.
Postoji pretpostavka da je Stadler planirao proširiti basetni rog kromatskim tonovima, pisanim cisom i disom malim. Zbog tehničkih ograničenja, s čime se Mozart često suočavao, bilo zbog nedostupnosti glazbala bilo zbog mogućnosti samog glazbala, prepravilo se glazbenu zamisao. Ovdje je slučaj da je zakrivljena cijev basetnog roga kompliciranija za zahvat kakav je zamislio Stadler, dok je cijev basetnog klarineta ravna te time jednostavnija za dodavanje tipaka, Stadler je odlučio te tonove dodati na basetni klarinet. Mozart je shodno tome prepravio skladbu za klarinet in A.

Za češkog klarinetista Milana Kostohryza izrađen je 1950. prvi basetni klarinet in A Boehmova sustava. Popularnost basetnog klarineta narasla je tek 1980-ih, a danas je to općeprihvaćeno glazbalo za sviranje Mozartovog Koncerta i Kvinteta.

Instrument se rijetko koristi u jazz i klezmer glazbi. Njemački jazz klarinetist Theo Jörgensmann svira basetni klarinet u B.

Izgradnja

Moderni basetni klarinet identičan je odgovarajuće ugođenom sopran klarinetu, s tim da je donji dio tijela približno 18 cm duži za moći proizvesti najdublje note. Klarinetist koji želi imati oboje, normalni klarinet i basetni klarinet u A, mora kupiti samo klarinet s dvama donjim tijelima, jednim normalnim i jednim dužim od basetnog (vidi sliku gore desno). Također može postojati mala razlika u zvonu: u normalnom klarinetu usmjereno je prema dolje, dok za basetni klarinet također možete imati zvono okrenuto malo prema gore i prema naprijed preko nagnutog adaptera (vidi sliku dolje desno).

Sastavi

Od Mozarta do danas ima do 60 skladbâ za ovo glazbalo. Najznačajnije su već spomenute skladbe:

 W. A. Mozart: Kvintet za basetni klarinet, 2 violine, violu i violončelo u A-duru, KV 581
 W. A. Mozart: Koncert za basetni klarinet i orkestar u A-duru, KV 622
 W. A. Mozart: Opera La Clemenzia di Tito, br. 9, Sesto aria "Parto, parto, ma tu ben mio", za mezzosopran, B basetni klarinet i orkestar.

Većina ostalih skladbâ nastala je nakon 1950. godine i odnosi se na:

  'Koncerti sa solističkim basetnim klarinetom:'  između ostalih Joan Tower (* 1938. SAD), Manfred Trojahn (* 1949. Njemačka), Helmut Eisel (* 1955. Njemačka),

  'Komadi za basetni klarinet solo:'  među ostalim Michiko Kawagoe (Japan), Aribert Reimann (* 1936. Njemačka), Ondrej Sarek (Češka), Christopher M. Wicks (* 1975., SAD),

  'Duet s basetnim klarinetom:'  među ostalima i Harrison Birtwistle. (* 1934. Engleska), Istvan Bozicevik (Hrvatska),  Erica Fox (* 1936. Austrija / UK), Patrick Nunn (* 1969. UK), Meinrad Schmitt (* 1935., Njemačka), William Sweeney. (* 1950. UK)

  'Trio s basetnim klarinetom:'  među ostalima François Devienne. (1759. – 1803. Francuska), Helmut Eisel,

  'Kvinteti s basetnim klarinetom:'  između ostalih Harrison Birtwistle, Antonín Dvořák (1841. – 1904. Austrija / Mađarska)

  'Veliki ansambli komorne glazbe s basetnim klarinetom:'  među ostalim Klaus Huber (1924-2017, Bern)

  'Orkestralna glazba i opere s basetnim klarinetom:'  između ostalih Thomas Adés (* 1971. UK), WA Mozart (1756. – 1791.), opera "Cosi fan tutti "arija Ferranda (br. 24)" Ah! Io veggio "i Ferdinando Paer (1771. – 1839.), opera" Sargino "(1803.), arija" Una voca al cor mi parla".

Bibliografija

 Thomas Grass, Dietrich Demus: Von Vincent Springer zu Jiri Kratochvil. Mitteilungen zu Anton Stadlers Inventions-Clarinetten und seinem Bassetthorn. (Od Vincenta Springera do Jirija Kratochvila. Informacije o "Inventions-Clarinetten" Antona Stadlera i njegovom bassetni rogu) In: rohrblatt. N. 1/2006, Musikverlag Müller & Gössl, Frechen, stranice 12–18
 Thomas Grass, Dietrich Demus: Die Bassettklarinette. In: Das Bassetthorn. Seine Entwicklung und seine Musik. 2. Auflage. (Basetni klarinet . U:  Basetni rog. Njegov razvoj i njegova glazba . 2. izdanje.) Books on Demand, 2004, , stranice 83-86.
 Colin Lawson: Mozart: Clarinet Concerto. Cambridge University Press, 1996, .
 Colin Lawson: The basset clarinet revived. In: Early Music, November 1987, stranice 487–501.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Video: moderni basetni klarinet (Buffet/Fox), zvučne prevara Allegra i Adagia iz Mozartovog koncerta (2:06 min.)
 Video: cmoderni basetni klarinet (Backun), campione sonoro dell'Adagio del Concerto di Mozart (53 sec.)
 Video: Mozart's lost Clarinet (Mozartov izgubljeni klarinet) (58 min.)

Drvena puhačka glazbala

Basetni klarinet


Muhammedkrisen under huden er en film instrueret af Vibeke Heide Jørgensen.

Handling
Da Mellemøsten i 2006 står i brand over 12 tegninger af profeten Muhammed, bliver to danske muslimer samtidig genstand for hele verdens opmærksomhed. Folketingspolitikeren Naser Khader og talsmanden for 27 muslimske organisationer Ahmed Akkari forsøger hver for sig at forklare omverdenen, hvad der egentlig foregår i Danmark. Men her hører ligheden også op. For de to mænd er hinandens indædte modstandere i det muslimske miljø. Mens Naser Khader stiller sig i spidsen for Demokratiske Muslimer, taler Ahmed Akkari på vegne af de muslimer, der har opfattet tegningerne som en krænkelse. Filmen følger de to mænd tæt i de hektiske uger, hvor de fra hvert sit miljø og med hver sin baggrund forsøger at komme ud med deres vidt forskellige budskaber. En ulige kamp, hvor danskerne og medierne på forhånd har bestemt sig til, hvem der skal lyttes til - og hvem der er dømt ude. Filmen kan ses med og uden danske og engelske undertekster.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2007

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Muhammed-tegningerne

Muhammedkrisen under huden