NGC 7380 je otvoreni skup u zviježđu Cefeju.
Ovo je područje nastajanja zvijezda koje sadrži mladi otvoreni skup 7000 svjetlosnih godina udaljen od Zemlje. Proteže se na oko 100 svjetlosnih godina.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7380
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7380 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7380 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7350 - 7399

7380

NGC 7380


تتمركز شركة بانتون المتحدة (Pantone LLC.) في كارل ستاد في ولاية نيو جيرسي الأمريكية. تعرف الشركة باسم «نظام المضاهاة بانتون»

تعرف الشركة باسم «نظام المضاهاة بانتون» (Pantone Matching System)، وهي المالكة للفضاء اللوني المستخدم في الصناعات المختلفة، وأهمها الطباعة، وأحيانا في صناعة الطلاء الملون، والنسيج واللدائن.

وفي 23 أغسطس 2007، أعلنت شركة إكس رايت (X-Rite) المتحدة المنتجة لأجهزة قياس اللون وبرامجها عن وصولها إلى اتفاق لشراء شركة بانتون مقابل 180 مليون دولار أمريكي. وقد انتهت الصفقة في أكتوبر 2007.

تاريخ

أنشأت شركة بانتون في سنة 1962 م كمصنع بأعمال محدودة لبطاقات الألوان خاصة لشركات مواد التجميل. وقد اشترى لورنس هيربرت الشركة والذي كان موظفا فيها منذ 1956 م فغيرت الشركة توجهها إلى تطوير أول نظام مضاهاة للألوان في سنة 1963 م.

وقد كانت من أوائل منتجاتها دليل بانتون الذي يتألف من عدد كبير من الشرائح الورقية الصغيرة والرقيقة (15×5 سم) حيث طبع على وجه واحد سلسلة من عينات الألوان ثم جمعت بشكل مروحة. وقد تحتوي «صفحة» محددة عددا من تدرجات اللون الأصفر بأمشاج مختلفة.

يسمح نظام بانتون لمضاهاة الألوان للمصممين بمضاهاة ألوان محددة عندما يدخل التصميم مرحلة الإنتاج، بصرف النظر عن الأجهزة المستخدمة لإنتاج اللون. وقد اعتمد هذا النظام على وجه واسع بين مصممي الصور والمطابع لعدد من السنين. تنصح بانتون بشراء دليل الألوان لمضاهاة الألوان سنويا لأن الأحبار الموجودة في الدليل يصفر لونها مع مرور الوقت. كما يعتمد التفاوت اللوني في الدليل أيضا على الورق المستخدم (مطلي، أو كامد، أو غير مطلي)

انظر أيضا
 نظام رال للألوان

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي لبانتون
 جدول الألوان لبانتون

المراجع

تصميم الرسوميات
شركات مقرها في مقاطعة بيرغن (نيوجيرسي)
طباعة
فضاء لوني
منظمات لون
عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 2007

بانتون


ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2) was an aircraft carrier in the Argentine Navy from 1969 to 1997. The English translation of the name is Twenty-fifth of May, which is the date of Argentina's May Revolution in 1810.

The ship previously served in the Royal Navy as  and the Royal Netherlands Navy as .  She was deployed south during the Beagle Crisis in 1978 and in the first weeks of the Falklands War (), where her aircraft were deployed against the Royal Navy task force, but spent the bulk of the war in port.

History

The ship was built for the Royal Navy by Cammell Laird in Birkenhead, England during the Second World War. As a  aircraft carrier, she was named  and saw service in the British Pacific Fleet. Venerable only served three years in the Royal Navy before being sold to the Netherlands as .

After a boiler room fire, the carrier was rebuilt, and sold to Argentina. The Argentines already operated a carrier, , also a former Royal Navy Colossus class. After Independencia was decommissioned in 1970, Veinticinco de Mayo was the sole remaining carrier in the Argentine fleet. She could carry up to 24 aircraft.

The air group started with F9F Panthers and F9F Cougar jets and later these were replaced with A-4Q Skyhawks supported by S-2 Tracker anti-submarine warfare aircraft and Sikorsky Sea King helicopters.

In September 1969, during the voyage of the recently bought Veinticinco de Mayo from the Netherlands, Hawker Siddeley demonstrated their Harrier GR.1 on board the carrier for a possible sale to the Argentine Navy.

During the 1970s the ship was refitted and updated several times, though in each case the duration of each repair period was never more than 3–5 months, allowing her to be available to deploy.  Her last pre-Falklands refit occurred during 1981, when she received an update to her radar, arresting gear, steam catapult and (most noticeably) the forward edge of the port side angled deck was filled out via an enlarged sponson. These improvements would theoretically enable her to operate the Super Etendard strike aircraft purchased from France, but it was discovered during testing that the catapult had difficulties launching the aircraft type.  As a result, her strike airwing was limited to the A-4Q Skyhawks.

Beagle Conflict

During Operation Soberanía, Veinticinco de Mayo was planned to support the invasion of the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands.

Falklands War

During the Falklands War, Veinticinco de Mayo was used in support of the initial Argentine landings on the Falklands. On the day of the invasion, she waited with 1500 army soldiers outside Stanley harbour as the first submarine and boat-landed commandos secured landing areas and then Argentine marines made the main amphibious landing. Her aircraft were not used during the invasion.
Later, in defence of the occupation, she was deployed in a task force north of the Falkland Islands, with the cruiser  to the south.  The British had assigned , a nuclear-powered submarine, to track down Veinticinco de Mayo and sink her if necessary. Rear Admiral Sandy Woodward, commanding the British task force from  stated in his book One Hundred Days that, had Splendid located the carrier, he would have "Recommended in the strongest possible terms to the Commander-in-Chief Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse that we take them both out this night".

Following the outbreak of hostilities on 1 May 1982, the Argentine carrier planned an attack on the Royal Navy Task Force. Veinticinco de Mayos S-2 Trackers detected the British fleet late that day, and a strike by all eight A-4Q Skyhawk jets was prepared, scheduled to take-off at dawn. The attack did not take place, because subsequent Tracker sorties had failed to relocate the British fleet.  After the British nuclear-powered submarine  sank General Belgrano, Veinticinco de Mayo returned to port.  The naval A-4Q Skyhawks flew the rest of the war from the airbase in Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego.

Disposal
In 1983, Veinticinco de Mayo was modified to carry the Super Étendard,Video and her British-built CAAIS combat data system was replaced by a Dutch SEWACO system, which was compatible with the Argentine Navy's new s. From 1986, problems in her engines largely confined her to port; rendering her unserviceable.

Work began in 1988 to refit the carrier, with it being planned to replace her steam turbines with gas turbines, while providing an auxiliary steam plant to power the ship's steam catapults. By 1994, the ship's machinery had been removed, but a shortage of funds led to work stopping. In December 1996, the Argentine Navy announced that Veinticinco de Mayo would be discarded. By this time, she had already been stripped of various major pieces of equipment, which were used as spares for the Brazilian carrier , another Colossus-class ship which had been heavily modified in the Netherlands. Finally, in 2000, she was towed to Alang, India for scrapping.

Although Minas Gerais was offered to the Argentine Navy in 2000 as a replacement, she was rejected due to her poor condition and high restoration and maintenance costs. As of the 2020s, the Argentine Naval Aviation has lost the use of carrier-capable fixed-wing aircraft. While five refurbished Super Étendard aircraft were delivered to the Navy from France in 2019, these aircraft were missing key spare parts and therefore remained unserviceable. In 2021, it was reported that the return of these aircraft to an operational configuration was also encountering problems based on the fact that the ejector seats of the aircraft were the MK6, manufactured by British firm Martin-Baker.

See also
 List of aircraft carriers
 List of ships of the Argentine Navy
 Veinticinco de Mayo cruiser

References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Historical Pictorial
 Google Video of Super Etendards practicing touch & go on ARA 25 de Mayo
 Google Video of A-4 Skyhawks on ARA 25 de Mayo
 Naval-History.net HMS Venerable

Colossus-class aircraft carriers of the Argentine Navy
Ships built on the River Mersey
1943 ships
Cold War aircraft carriers of Argentina
Falklands War naval ships of Argentina

ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2)


Pitt most commonly refers to:

The University of Pittsburgh, commonly known as Pitt, a university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Pitt Panthers, the athletic teams of the University of Pittsburgh
Pitt (surname), a surname of English origin, particularly associated with two British Prime Ministers:
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (William Pitt the Elder) (1708–1778), Prime Minister of Great Britain (1766–1768)
William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806), son of the above and Prime Minister of Great Britain (1783–1801) and of the United Kingdom (1801 and 1804–1806)

Education
Pittsburg State University ("Pitt State"), located in Pittsburg, Kansas, United States

Geography
Pitt County, North Carolina, a county in the United States
Pitt, Hampshire, a hamlet in Hursley parish, Hampshire, England
Pitt Island, an island in the Chatham Archipelago, New Zealand
Pitt River (Canada), a river in British Columbia, Canada
Pitt River (New Zealand), a river in Fiordland, New Zealand
The River Pitt, a river in Somerset, England
Pit River, a river in California, United States, which is sometimes referred to as "Pitt River"

Fiction
Pitt (character), a comic book character published by Full Bleed Studios
The Pitt, a single issue comic book published in 1987 by Marvel Comics
Fallout 3: The Pitt, the second downloadable content pack for Fallout 3
Dirk Pitt, the protagonist of a series of bestselling adventure novels written by Clive Cussler
Justin Pitt, a minor character in the television series Seinfeld

Other uses
, a number of British warships of that name
Fort Pitt, a number of military forts of that name

See also

Pitts (disambiguation)

Pitt


Scott Barron (* 27. August 1974 in Dublin) ist ein ehemaliger irischer Tennisspieler.

Werdegang
Barron konnte sich nie auf einer höheren Profiebene wie etwa der ATP Challenger Tour durchsetzen. Auch für Grand-Slam-Turniere hatte er sich nie qualifiziert.

Er nahm an jedoch an den Olympischen Spielen 1996 in Atlanta teil, wo er an der Seite von Owen Casey in der Doppelkonkurrenz spielte. Gegen die Kanadier Grant Connell und Daniel Nestor mussten sich Casey und Barron jedoch klar in zwei Sätzen geschlagen geben.

Barron bestritt zwischen 1993 und 2001 insgesamt 17 Begegnungen für die irische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft. Dabei ist seine Einzelbilanz mit 11:11 ausgeglichen, seine Doppelbilanz mit 6:2 positiv.

Weblinks

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1996
Davis-Cup-Spieler (Irland)
Olympiateilnehmer (Irland)
Ire
Geboren 1974
Mann

Scott Barron (Tennisspieler)


Die vierte Europa war ein Passagierschiff des Norddeutschen Lloyd, das in den 1960er Jahren den Übergang von der Linienschifffahrt zur Kreuzschifffahrt einleitete.

Geschichte

Svenska Amerika Linien

Das Schiff wurde am 1. April 1950 von der Svenska Amerika Linien in Göteborg bei der niederländischen Werft Koninklijke Maatschappij "De Schelde" in Auftrag gegeben.
Die Svenska Amerika Linjen hatte die Kungsholm beim Entwurf sowohl für eine Nutzung als Linienpassagierschiff, als auch als Kreuzfahrtschiff ausgelegt. Die technischen Einrichtungen entsprachen dem neuesten Stand der Technik. Das Schiff verfügte über eine Trinkwassererzeugungsanlage, und alle Kabinen waren klimatisiert. Wie alle modernen Fahrgastschiffe war auch die Kungsholm mit Stabilisatoren ausgerüstet, deren Flossen bei Seegang durch einen Knopfdruck von der Brücke aus ausgefahren werden konnten und dem Schiff eine ruhigere Lage gaben. Die Kungsholm hatte neun Decks und maß vom Kiel bis zur Spitze ihres vorderen Mastes 56,5 Meter. Sie wurde am 18. Oktober 1952 als Kungsholm zu Wasser gelassen und am 30. September 1953 an die Auftraggeber abgeliefert. Am 24. November 1953 trat das neue Schiff schließlich seine Jungfernfahrt von Göteborg nach New York an. Nach rund zwölf Jahren wurde die Kungsholm durch einen gleichnamigen Neubau ersetzt, und die schwedische Reederei veräußerte das Schiff an den Norddeutschen Lloyd (NDL), der es am 5. Oktober 1965 übernahm.

Norddeutscher Lloyd und Hapag-Lloyd

Große Umbauten waren nicht nötig, um aus der erst 12 Jahre alten ehemaligen Kungsholm eine den Vorstellungen des Lloyd entsprechende Europa zu machen. Der bislang weiße Rumpf erhielt den für NDL-Passagierschiffe typischen schwarzen Anstrich. Die großen Gesellschaftsräume auf dem Verandadeck wurden nahezu unverändert übernommen. Auch die Passagierunterkünfte blieben fast unverändert. Im Hauptdeck entstanden noch acht neue Kabinen. Neu war die "Taverne" auf dem Sportdeck. Sie war als Mehrzweckbau tagsüber eine überdachte Sportstätte und konnte mit wenigen Griffen in ein stilvolles Weinlokal verwandelt werden. Komplett umgebaut wurde auf der neuen Europa die Küche, denn sie war auf der Kungsholm vornehmlich auf kalte schwedische Speisen eingestellt. Jetzt wurde sie nach den speziellen Erfordernissen eines deutschen Küchenbetriebs und mit allen Finessen gastronomischer Rationalisierung eingerichtet. Lediglich überprüft und neu abgenommen wurden die Sicherheits- und Feuerlöscheinrichtungen des Schiffes. Das in elf wasserdichte Abteilungen eingeteilte Schiff verfügte über 16 Rettungsboote und führte außerdem 16 Rettungsinseln mit. Zu der im Feuerschutz ausgebildeten Mannschaft gehörten drei Berufsfeuerwehrleute, die Tag und Nacht auf dem Schiff patrouillierten.

Am 9. Januar 1966 legte das dritte und neueste Fahrgastschiff des Norddeutschen Lloyd, die 21511 BRT große Europa zu ihrer Jungfernreise von der Bremerhavener Columbuskaje ab. Das Schiff fuhr mit 360 Reisenden an Bord um Schottland nach Halifax in Kanada und von dort nach New York, von wo aus es vom 22. Januar an sieben Kreuzfahrten in die Karibische See / Westindien unternahm. Die Europa traf erst am 7. Mai wieder in Bremerhaven ein. Später nahm sie den regelmäßigen Nordatlantikdienst zwischen Bremerhaven und New York auf, wobei in der Folgezeit zusammen mit Bremen und Hanseatic einzelne Kreuzfahrten durchgeführt wurden. – Das Vorstandsmitglied Richard Bertram vom Norddeutschen Lloyd erklärte, dass die Bremer Großreederei die neue Europa mit großer Zuversicht auf die Reise schickte. Trotz des immer größeren Wettbewerbs in der Passagierschiffahrt und des sich ständig vergrößernden Missverhältnissen zwischen Kosten und Erträgen sei der Lloyd überzeugt, dass die Qualität des Schiffes und der zunehmende Trend zur komfortablen Erholungsreise eine gute Marktposition sichern werde.

Kapitän war Carl-Otto Efferoth, der davor Kapitän auf dem NDL-Passagierschiff Berlin gewesen war. Ihm unterstanden 405 Mann Besatzung bei maximal 785 Passagieren. 213 Mitglieder seiner Mannschaft lieferten als Bedienungspersonal den berühmten Lloyd-Service. Für die gesamte Hotellerie und Gastronomie auf der Europa war der 36 Jahre alte Hans Jürgen Breckwoldt verantwortlich. Er trug als drittwichtigster Mann nach dem Kapitän und dem Leitenden Ingenieur den neu geschaffenen Titel eines Schiffsintendanten. Seine Arbeit entlastete nicht nur den Kapitän, sondern machte auch den Posten eines Oberzahlmeisters überflüssig.

Nachdem der NDL diese vierte Europa ab 1966 zuerst als Linienschiff von Bremerhaven nach New York einsetzte, sah man schon bald ein, dass die Linienschifffahrt gegenüber dem Flugverkehr keine Chance mehr hatte. 1966 erfolgte die erste Kreuzfahrt zum Nordkap. Danach wurden nur noch wenige Linienreisen nach New York durchgeführt – es überwogen die Fahrten ins Mittelmeer, in die Karibik und nach Skandinavien.

1970 fusionierte die Hapag mit dem Norddeutschen Lloyd. 1973 erfolgte der Rückzug aus dem Geschäft der Linienreisen, man setzte die Europa – nunmehr in der neuen Hapag-Lloyd-Farbgebung mit weißem Rumpf – nur noch für Luxuskreuzfahrten ein.

1981 erfolgte die Außerdienststellung nach 1.045.000 Seemeilen, 34 Atlantiküberquerungen, 315 Kreuzfahrten und insgesamt 184.000 Passagieren. Die Europa wurde durch einen gleichnamigen Neubau ersetzt und an die italienische Costa-Linie verkauft, die das Schiff als Columbus C unter panamaischer Flagge einsetzte.

Das Ende
Am 29. Juli 1984 rammte die Columbus C in Cádiz mit der Steuerbordseite eine Mole, was einen starken Wassereinbruch zur Folge hatte. Das Schiff bekam starke Schlagseite und wurde evakuiert, in den Hafen geschleppt und am Kai vertäut. Da die Beseitigung der Schäden am Rumpf als zu aufwendig und vor allem zu teuer angesehen wurden, entschied sich die Reederei gegen eine Instandsetzung des mittlerweile über 30 Jahre alten Schiffs und erklärte die Columbus C zum Totalverlust. Das Schiff wurde schwimmfähig gemacht und nach Barcelona geschleppt, wo es am 2. April 1985 eintraf und anschließend verschrottet wurde.

Trivia

1972 war die Europa einer der Drehorte für die Pilotfolge Die Gelsenkirchener Odyssee der Fernsehserie Tegtmeiers Reisen. Ebenso spielte 1978 die komplette Episode Didis erste Schiffsreise aus der Fernsehserie Nonstop Nonsens auf dem Schiff.

Unter Seeleuten galt die Europa wegen ihrer hohen Aufbauten als Schaukelpferd bei starkem Wellengang.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Schiffen mit dem Namen Europa

Literatur
 Ralf Wittholm (Hrsg.): Die neue deutsche Handelsflotte. Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg und Hamburg, S. 16–1976.
 Arnold Kludas (Hrsg.): Die Seeschiffe des Norddeutschen Lloyd, 1920 bis 1970.  Band 2, Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herford, S. 146–1992.
 Dirk J. Peters (Hrsg.): Der Norddeutsche Lloyd, Von Bremen in die Welt "Global Player" der Schifffahrtsgeschichte. Verlag H.M. Hauschild GmbH, Bremen 2007, S. 89 u. a.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Passagierschiff (Deutschland)
Passagierschiff (Schweden)
Schiff (Norddeutscher Lloyd)
Schiff (Hapag-Lloyd)
Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding

Europa (Schiff, 1953)


Șarja de la Prunaru a fost o acțiune militară de nivel tactic, desfășurată pe Frontul Român, în timpul campaniei din anul 1916 a participării României la Primul Război Mondial. Ea s-a desfășurat în perioada 15/28 noiembrie 1916 și a avut ca rezultat victoria forțelor Puterilor Centrale, în ea fiind angajate forțe române din Regimentul 2 Roșiori și forțe ale Puterilor Centrale din Divizia 217 Infanterie germană. A făcut parte din acțiunile militare care au avut loc în operația de pe Argeș și Neajlov.

Contextul operativ strategic

În ziua de 11/24 noiembrie 1916, forțele Puterilor Centrale grupate în Grupul Kosch, aflate în subordinea Comandamentului General 52 Rezervă german comandat de generalul Robert Kosch au început să treacă Dunărea pe podul de vase instalat în sectorul Sviștov-Zimnicea. Până în dimineața zilei de 12/25 noiembrie trecuse pe malul românesc infanteria Diviziei 217 Infanterie germană și Diviziei 1 Infanterie bulgară, precum și Divizia Combinată de Cavalerie germano-bulgară. Artileria acestor divizii precum și celelalte unități au trecut în cursul zilei de 12/25 noiembrie.

Trecerea Dunării de către Grupul Kosch întorcea apărarea trupelor române pe linia Oltului iar înaintarea sa spre Pitești sau București, amenința spatele Armatei 2 române aflată pe frontul din Carpații Meridionali. Pentru a preveni acest lucru și a asigura timpul necesar retragerii pe un nou aliniament a acestei armate, Marele Cartier General român decide retragerea forțelor Armatei 1 și Grupului Apărării Dunării spre est, în vederea concentrării lor și opririi înaintării forțelor centrale, cel mai departe pe aliniamentul râului Neajlov.

Forțele române care apărau zona erau reprezentate de "Detașamentul Zimnicea", alcătuit din Brigada 43 Infanterie întărită cu Regimentul 26 Artilerie, din cadrul Diviziei 18 Infanterie, comandată de generalul Alexandru Referendaru. Brigada 43 Infanterie avea un număr de patru batalioane de infanterie: Batalionul IV/Regimentul 4 Infanterie - format din rezerviști și trei batalioane de miliții alcătuite din resturi ale Regimentelor 82 și E Infanterie. Regimentul 26 Artilerie avea nouă baterii, înzestrate cu tunuri vechi cu tragere lentă, de calibrul 87 mm.

În zilele de 13/26 și 14/27 noiembrie, forțele principale ale Grupului Kosch (Divizia 217 Infanterie germană, Divizia 26 Infanterie turcă și Divizia Combinată de Cavalerie germano-bulgară) au înaintat pe direcția generală Zimnicea-Drăgănești-Vlașca-București, în timp ce gruparea secundară (Divizia 1 Infanterie bulgară și Divizia 12 Infanterie bulgară) a înaintat pe direcția Zimnicea-Giurgiu, pe care l-au ocupat în seara aceleiași zile. Pe direcția principală atacul a fost oprit de către forțele Diviziei 18 infanterie pe aliniamentul format de valea râului Teleorman.

La 14/27 noiembrie Regimentul 2 Roșiori este atașat Diviziei 18 Infanterie, cantonând în noaptea de 14/27-15/28 noiembrie la Drăgănești-Vlașca. În această zi, Divizia 217 Infanterie germană și-a continuat marșul în direcția generală Toporu-Ciolanu, la sud de șoseaua Alexandria-București. Un batalion din Regimentul 9 Infanterie Rezervă este trimis să atace forțele române aparținând Diviziei 18 Infanterie, de la Drăgănești-Vlașca, în scopul de a le fixa, În același timp, un alt batalion din același regiment aflat în avangarda diviziei ocupă satul Prunaru, interceptând șoseaua Alexandria-București și tăind comunicațiile trupelor române. Realizând pericolul, generalul Referendaru ordonă un atac în timpul nopții, reușindu-se ocuparea satului.

Planurile de luptă
Cu scopul de a întoarce apărarea diviziei, un batalion de vânători -sub comanda căpitanului Engels- din Regimentul (2)9 (locotenent-colonel Anschauer) din avangarda Diviziei 217 germane (general von Galwitz) a ocupat în după-amiaza zilei de 27 noiembrie satul Prunaru.
Pentru a evita încercuirea și asigurarea retragerii forțelor spre o nouă poziție, generalul Alexandru Referendaru (comandantul Diviziei 18 Infanterie) a hotărât atacarea inamicului în zona Drăgănești-Vlașca cu Brigada 43 mixtă și Regimentul 2 Roșiori.

Forțe participante

Dispozitivul forțelor române

Dispozitivul forțelor inamice

Comandanți

Comandanți români
Colonel Gheorghe Naumescu

Comandanți ai Puterilor Centrale
General Kurt von Gallwitz

Desfășurarea acțiunilor militare

În dimineața zilei de 15/28 noiembrie s-au dat lupte deosebit de crâncene la marginea satului Prunaru de către avangarda Brigăzii 43 mixte și forțele de ocupație. Profitând de lăsarea ceții inamicul a inițiat o manevră de învăluire a Brigăzii 43 cu unități situate în afara satului. În acest moment, generalul Referendaru a cerut Regimentului 2 Roșiori să intre în luptă. Astfel a luat naștere celebra șarjă de la Prunaru. Descrierea făcută de Constantin Kirițescu în cartea sa "Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României 1916-1919", vol. I, este emoționantă:

Rezultate și urmări
Deși Regimentul 2 Roșiori a pierit aproape în totalitate -lăsând pe câmpul de luptă 216 camarazi căzuți, morți sau răniți, grație eroicei șarje de la Prunaru, Divizia 18 Infanterie s-a putut regrupa pe aliniamentul Letca Veche - Jilava contribuind din plin la operațiunile de apărare a Bucureștiului iar comandantul acesteia, generalul Referendaru Ion a avut mai târziu, în perioada de refacere a armatei române un rol pozitiv.
Paradoxal, colonelul Naumescu Gheorghe, comandantul regimentului, care a condus în fruntea trupei sale atacul deși era bolnav (pneumonie și o rană de operație ce nu se închidea de câtăva vreme), nu a murit în timpul atacului, ci a fost luat prizonier și internat în Bulgaria, unde a murit în luna iulie 1917, răpus de mizeria binecunoscută a lagărelor bulgărești de atunci.
Locotenent-colonelul Pop Emanuil (ajutorul comandantului) a preluat comanda regimentului pe care l-a condus cu destoinicie până în 1919 (participând la bătălia de la Mărășești și campaniile pentru apărarea unirii din Basarabia și Ungaria).

Corpul neînsuflețit al generalului (fusese avansat...) Naumescu Gheorghe a fost adus din Bulgaria, cu onorurile de rigoare în anul 1927. Deși foștii inamici, bulgarii, atașaseră vagonul mortuar la un tren expres, autoritățile românești ce trebuiau să se ocupe de aspect, au trimis de la București vagonul atașat la un tren de marfă care a ajuns la Bârlad la 1 iulie 1927.

Unii din eroii de la Prunaru au scăpat cu zile, devenind legende vii (sublocotenentul Ioan Hristea, viitor comandant al Regimentului 2 călărași-cercetare în campania din 1942, cu fapte deosebite și atunci, sergentul Alexandru Chițan, salvat miraculos și ajuns și mai miraculos la regiment înainte de bătălia de la Mărășești, locotenentul Constantin Postelnicescu și mulți alții), ceilalți intrând în nemurire.

Recunoașteri

Un cimitir militar a fost înființat pe locul unde s-au desfășurat luptele și unde au căzut la datorie peste 300 de soldați din Regimentul 2 Roșiori. În 1933 a fost ridicat în incinta cimitirului militar un monument comemorativ constituit dintr-o stelă de piatră cioplită în vârful căreia se află o statuie de bronz înfățișând un vultur cu aripile întinse gata să-și ia zborul. În luna martie 2013 monumentul (pe care sătenii îl îngrijeau cu sfințenie) a fost jefuit de frumoasa placă de bronz care purta dedicația Regelui Ferdinand. Astăzi monumentul este refăcut, asemenea și cimitirul de onoare este bine îngrijit. Un număr de 216 stejari au fost plantați, prin efortul autorităților locale, parohiei, sătenilor și militarilor din Batalionul 1 Caracal (care continuă fără întrerupere tradiția Regimentului 2 Roșiori) în jurul cimitirului de onoare.

Nu numai roșiorii Regimentului 2 au căzut în bătălia respectivă, ci și infanteriști din batalionul comandat de maiorul Stoicescu Dumitru (căzut și el...), încleștarea, chiar de scurtă durată, a fost de mare angajament.

În amintirea celor căzuți în timpul luptelor de la Prunaru a fost ridicată, în Iași, Statuia Cavaleristului în atac, monument realizat de sculptorul Ion C. Dimitriu-Bârlad, dezvelit la 29 mai 1927.

Note

Bibliografie
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 Ioanițiu Alexandru (Lt.-Colonel), Războiul României: 1916-1918, vol I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
 Manafu-Târgoviște, Alexandru, Cavaleria română – artă, credință, spirit și tradiție, Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei, București, 2010
 Marin, Gheorghe (coord.), Istoria cavaleriei române, Editura Academiei de Înalte Studii Militare, București, 1998
 Rădulescu, Dumitru (Lt.col.), Istoricul și tactica elementară a cavaleriei, Tipografia Cavaleriei, Sibiu, 1924
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român, vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989

Legături externe
 Laurentiu Dologa, Sa ne amintim - Sarja de la Prunaru, 31 ianuarie 2011, , Ziare.com
 Oameni care au fost...oameni, în revista "ProArme", numerele 13 și 14, 2013.

Vezi și

 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Bătălii de pe frontul românesc în Primul Război Mondial

Șarja de la Prunaru (1916)


Hugo Graf von Keyserlingk (* 4. Februar 1939 in Jena) ist ein deutscher Psychiater und Neurologe, Fotograf und Publizist.

Hugo von Keyserlingk erlernte nach dem Abitur beim VEB Carl Zeiss Jena den Beruf eines Feinmechanikers, studierte von 1960 bis 1966 an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humanmedizin und ging zur Facharztausbildung nach Schwerin.

1971 machte er seinen Facharzt für Psychiatrie und Neurologie an der Bezirksnervenklinik Schwerin. 1977 wurde er an dieser Klinik Chefarzt der Klinik für Suchtkrankheiten und forensische Psychiatrie. 1981 habilitierte er sich an der Akademie für Ärztliche Fortbildung in Berlin.

Nach der politischen Wende war er für die AHG (Allgemeine Hospitalgesellschaft) tätig und maßgeblich für die Errichtung einer neuen Klinik für Psychosomatik und Abhängigkeitserkrankungen in Lübstorf bei Schwerin verantwortlich und arbeitete dort bis 2006 als Chefarzt.

Seit 1982 betätigte er sich als Fotograf und konnte auf zahlreichen Ausstellungen Preise (Assofoto Moskau 1987, Internationaler Zeiss-Praktica Fotowettbewerb 1987 und 1989, ifo-scanbaltic 1990) gewinnen. 2007 wurde er auf Grund seiner künstlerischen Leistung zum Ehrenmitglied des MV-Foto e. V. ernannt.

Ehrungen
 1997: Verdienstkreuz am Bande der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Veröffentlichungen
 Liebe, Leben, Alkohol. Suchtkrankheiten im Spiegel deutscher Literatur. Mit den Lebenswegen der Dichter Reuter, Grabbe, Fallada. Pabst Science Publ., Lengerich 2004, ISBN 3-89967-127-9.
 Harald Becker. Ein Maler zwischen den Welten. Wachholtz, 2008, ISBN 978-3-529-02799-4
 Künstler und ihre Gärten in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Hela Baudis Text - Fotos Hugo von Keyserlingk. Schweriner Kunst- und Museumsverein e. V. 2009, ISBN 978-3-86106-113-7
 Das abenteuerliche und christliche Leben meiner Großmutter Gertrud Gräfin Keyserlingk, geborene Baronesse Hahn. Vom Schloss in Kurland nach Weimar in die Villa über dem Goethepark. Edition palmhahn, 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814487-0-2

Neurologe
Psychiater
Psychosomatiker
Autor
Hugo
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Deutscher
Geboren 1939
Mann

Hugo von Keyserlingk


Sancho fue un santo cristiano, cuyo lugar de nacimiento, citado en la fuente original como ex Albensi oppido Galiae Commatae (expresión de gran ambigüedad), se considera tradicionalmente que fue la ciudad francesa de Albi, aunque se ha propuesto que podría ser más verosímilmente alguna localidad alavesa (Albéniz o Albizu).

Capturado de niño por los musulmanes (se han propuesto, como fechas probables, las cuatro razzias que se dirigieron sobre Álava entre los años 823 y 842), fue llevado a Córdoba, donde fue educado en la corte y destacó como militar al servicio del emir (por entonces Abderramán II). Conoció las enseñanzas de San Eulogio y, estimulado por el ejemplo de San Isaac, buscó también el martirio. En ese momento era aún joven (Eulogio se refiere a él como "nuestro discípulo, joven laico" —auditor noster, laicus adolescens—); las fuentes posteriores le califican de mancebo, o denominan su puesto en la corte y el ejército como de paje o doncel.

Fue ejecutado (por empalamiento) en el Campo de la Verdad de esa ciudad el 5 de junio de 851 (en el año hay alguna duda, aunque Eulogio se refiere indirectamente a la era hispánica de 889 —año 851 de la era cristiana—), y su cadáver fue quemado y arrojado al Guadalquivir. Dos días más tarde serían ejecutados cinco más de los llamados mártires de Córdoba.

Olvidado durante la Edad Media (al contrario que otro santo de carácter similar, San Pelayo), se empieza a conocer a partir de la publicación de las obras de San Eulogio, y se le rinde culto desde 1601 (en Córdoba). A finales del , con la nueva atribución de su lugar de nacimiento, comienza a suscitar interés en Álava, y desde 1995 hay una imagen de San Sancho, junto con otros santos alaveses, en la Iglesia de Todos los Santos de Vitoria.

Su fiesta se celebra, conmemorando su muerte, el 5 de junio.

Véase también
 Sancho (página de desambiguación)

Notas

Militares del siglo IX
Mártires de Córdoba
Santos católicos de España del siglo IX
Santos católicos de Francia del siglo IX
Santos de Álava

Sancho de Córdoba


An Cortaderia pilosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni D'urv., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Eduard Hackel. An Cortaderia pilosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cortaderia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cortaderia

Cortaderia pilosa


Der Progressive Classical Music Award, der bis 2019 Crossover Composition Award hieß, ist ein internationaler Preis für Musikstücke für zwei Violinen, der alle drei Jahre im Reiß-Engelhorn-Museum in Mannheim verliehen wird. Er wurde 2009 von Marie-Luise und Christoph Dingler (bekannt als "The Twiolins") ins Leben gerufen, um das Genre der Stücke für Violinduo auszuweiten und zu fördern. Nach einer Vorauswahl werden die Stücke ausschließlich durch das Publikum anonym bewertet. Aufgrund seiner Bedeutung für die Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar wurde für den Crossover Composition Award der Helene-Hecht-Preis 2012 an Marie-Luise Dingler verliehen.

Ablauf
Zunächst werden sechs Stücke von einer Jury, der neben Musik-Professoren und Komponisten auch die beiden Initiatoren angehören, ausgesucht. Diese sechs Stücke werden dem Publikum vorgespielt, ohne dass der Komponist genannt wird. Das Publikum stimmt dann über die Stücke ab.

Crossover Composition Award 2009
2009 gab es 82 Einsendungen aus 15 Staaten. Das Finalkonzert fand am 18. September 2009 statt. Die Preisträger waren Benedikt Brydern (1. Preis) mit dem Stück "Autobahn", Tina Ternes (2. Preis) mit "Windspiel", Aleksey Igudesman (3. Preis) mit "Fever of Passion", Dorothea Mader (Pas de deux), Ewelina Nowicka (Jongleurs) und Teodor Nicolau (Fairy Tale).

Crossover Composition Award 2012
2012 gab es 112 Einsendungen aus 18 Staaten. Das Finalkonzert fand am 21. September 2012 statt. Der 1. Preis ging an Johannes Söllner mit "Doch Laub und Wolken unter Nacht", den 2. Preis erhielt Tonio Geugelin mit "Orient Express". Weitere Preisträger waren Sophie Pope, Judit Varga, Jonathan Russell, Hans-Günther Allers sowie Michael F. P. Huber.

Crossover Composition Award 2015
2015 gab es 353 Einsendungen aus 44 Staaten. Das Finalkonzert fand am 25. September 2015 statt. Der 1. Preis ging an Benedikt Brydern (USA) mit "Schillers Nachtflug", den 2. Preis erhielt Jens Hubert mit "Rock You vs. Ballerina". Weitere Preisträger waren Johannes Meyerhöfer, Dawid Lubowicz (Polen), Aleksandr Gonobolin (Ukraine) und András Derecskei (Ungarn/USA).

Progressive Classical Music Award 2019
2019 fand zum zehnjährigen Bestehen der vierte Wettbewerb statt. Er wurde umbenannt, da der bisherige Name immer wieder zu Missverständnissen führte. Inhalte und Form des Wettbewerbs bleiben unverändert. Am aktuellen Wettbewerb nahmen bis zum Einsendeschluss am 7. Juli 2019 über 300 Komponisten aus 48 Ländern mit 342 Werken teil. Die Fachjury bestand aus den Violinisten Julian Rachlin, Aleksey Igudesman und dem Preisträger des letzten Wettbewerbs, Benedikt Brydern. Das Finale der letzten sechs Teilnehmer fand am 28. September 2019 im Museum der Weltkulturen in Mannheim statt.
Die ersten drei Preisträger dieses Wettbewerbs hießen Piotr Szewczyk (1. Platz) USA mit Dopamine Rush, Jürgen Christ (2. Platz) Deutschland mit Fantasia und Edmund Jolliffe (3. Platz) England mit Dancing Figurines, die anderen Finalisten waren Rainer Bartesch Deutschland, Viktor Molnár Ungarn und Daniel Berg Schweden.

Weblinks
 Homepage des Progressive Classical Music Award
 Homepage von The Twiolins - Marie-Luise und Christoph Dingler

Einzelnachweise

Musikpreis (Deutschland)
Musikveranstaltung (Geige)
Musik (Mannheim)
Erstverleihung 2009

Progressive Classical Music Award


Gimming Kirke er sognekirken i Gimming Sogn i Randers Nordre Provsti, Århus Stift. Den ligger i Gimming nordøst for Randers i Randers Kommune; indtil Kommunalreformen i 2007 lå den i Støvring Herred i Randers Amt.

Kor og skib er opført i romansk tid af granitkvadre over skråkantsokkel. Norddøren er tilmuret, men dens indfatning er bevaret i murværket, øverst ses en tympanon med sløjfeornament, over syddøren ses en tilsvarende tympanon. Tårnet er opført i sengotisk tid. Våbenhuset stammer fra 1842. Murværket blev omsat i 1899. Kirken blev senest istandsat i 1961.

Kor og skib har flade bjælkelofter. Den runde korbue er bevaret med kragsten. Altertavlen er udført i 1807 i senbarok stil. Prædikestolen er fra begyndelsen af 1600-tallet, i felterne ses evangelister, på hjørnerne karyatider. Døbefonten stammer formodentlig fra restaureringen i 1899, en ældre døbefont af træ skulle nu befinde sig i Randers Museum. I kirken er ophængt en sidefløj fra en sengotisk altertavle. Orgelpulpiturets felter er fra begyndelsen af 1600-tallet. Kirkeskibet stammer fra 1910.

Galleri

Noter

Kilde
 Gimming kirke  hos Nordenskirker.dk med frit materiale

Eksterne henvisninger

 Beskrivelse af kirken side 891 i Trap Danmark, Kongeriget Danmark, 3. udgave 4 bind : Hjørring, Thisted, Aalborg, Viborg og Randers Amter
 Kirken hos KortTilKirken.dk

Kirker i Århus Stift
Kirker i Randers Kommune
Kirker i Randers Amt

Gimming Kirke


Dykkerklokken og Sommerfuglen () er en fransk film fra 2007 instrueret af Julian Schnabel. Den er baseret på erindringer af Jean-Dominique Bauby i den franske bog Le Scaphandre et le Papillon. Filmens premiere fandt sted under Filmfestivalen i Cannes 22. maj 2007.

Medvirkende
 Mathieu Amalric som Jean-Dominique Bauby
 Emmanuelle Seigner som Céline Desmoulins
 Marie-Josée Croze som Henriette Durand
 Anne Consigny som Claude
 Patrick Chesnais som Dr. Lepage
 Niels Arestrup som Roussin
 Olatz Lopez Garmendia som Marie Lopez
 Jean-Pierre Cassel som Père Lucien/Vendeur Lourdes
 Marina Hands som Joséphine
 Max von Sydow som Papinou

Eksterne henvisninger

Film fra 2007
Dramafilm fra Frankrig
Film baseret på bøger

Dykkerklokken og Sommerfuglen


Angrebet i Las Vegas 2017 var en skud-massakre, der fandt sted 1. oktober 2017 omkring kl. 22:08 lokal tid (2/10 04:08 UTC). Skuddene, over 1000 i alt, blev affyret fra et hotelværelse på Mandalay Bay hotel på Route 91 i Paradise, der er en kommunefri bebyggelse og forstad til Las Vegas, som indeholder de fleste af områdets turistattraktioner. Skuddene var rettet mod et område, der er kendt som The Strip, som for størsteparten ligger i Paradise. Skyderiet foregik fra hotellets 32. sal og ned mod en stor folkemængde, der var til en country musikfestival ca. 450 meter fra hotellet. Gerningsmanden, der er identificeret som Stephen Paddock, 64 år og fra byen Mesquite i delstaten Nevada, anvendte 10 hel - eller halvautomatiske geværer.<ref name="gamb">[http://politiken.dk/udland/art6140790/Mist%C3%A6nkt-for-massakren-i-Las-Vegas-var-million%C3%A6r-gambler-med-anonymt-liv Hans Davidsen-Nielsen:Mistænkt for massakren i Las Vegas var millionær-gambler med anonymt liv], Politiken 2. oktober 2017</ref> 58 blev dræbt og 546 blev sårede, heraf er 45 stadig i kritisk tilstand to uger senere. Gerningsmanden blev fundet død af politiet, da de stormede hotelværelset, hvor han havde barrikaderet sig. Politiet fandt 23 hel- eller halvautomatiske geværer på værelset, ligesom man senere fandt 19 våben og et lager ammunition på hans bopæl.

En anonym person har taget ansvaret for massakren på vegne af Islamisk Stat, men dette betvivles af myndighederne, der betegner gerningsmanden som en ensom ulv''. 14 dage efter angrebet oplyser politiet i Clark County, at man endnu ikke har fundet motivet for angrebet. Desuden fortæller de, at Stephen Paddock også har affyret flere skud mod flybrændstoftanke i McCarran International Airport, der ligger tæt på hotellet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Las Vegas 2017
Las Vegas
Begivenheder i 2017
Skyderier i USA

Angrebet i Las Vegas 2017


El término Sirens —en español: 'Sirenas'— puede hacer referencia a:

 «Sirens», álbum de Savatage (1983);
 «Sirens», álbum de Astarte (2004);
 «Sirens», álbum de Lana Del Rey (2012);
 «Sirens», canción de Pearl Jam (2013);
 «Sirens, canción de Cher Lloyd (2014);
 «Sirens» álbum de U2 (2014);
 «Sirens», álbum de Sublime with Rome (2015).
 Sirens, película de 2002.

Sirens


القوات المسلحة للاتحاد الروسي  هو الاسم الرسمي الذي يطلق على المؤسسة العسكرية في روسيا، والتي تأسست بعد تفكك الاتحاد السوفيتي. وذلك بعد أن وقع بوريس يلتسين في 7 مايو 1992 مرسومًا رئاسيًا بإنشاء وزارة الدفاع الروسية ووضع جميع جيوش القوات المسلحة السوفيتية على أراضي روسيا السوفيتية تحت سيطرة الفيدرالية الروسية الجديدة. ويكون رئيس الأركان العامة للقوات المسلحة الروسية هو رئيس روسيا. ومع أن القوات المسلحة الروسية قد تشكلت في عام 1992، الا أن الجيش الروسي تعود جذوره إلى زمن اتحاد روس كييف للسلاف الشرقيون.

يتم تحديد عدد القوات الروسية بموجب مرسوم رسمي من رئيس روسيا. في 1 يناير/كانون الثاني عام 2008، تم تحديد عدد أفراد القوات المسلحة الروسية بعدد 2,019,629 فرد، ويشمل ذلك 1,134,800 فردا من العسكريين. في عام 2010 قدر المعهد الدولي للدراسات الاستراتيجية (IISS) أن القوات النشطة في الجيش الروسي يبلغ عددها حوالي 1,040,000 فرد، بينما قوات الاحتياط هي في نطاق 2,035,000 فرد (مكونه إلى حد كبير من مجندين سابقين). وفي أكتوبر 2013، ورد في تقرير المجلس الروسي للمحاسبات أن عدد الموظفين الفعليين في القوات المسلحة الروسية الذين يتقاضون رواتب هو 766,000 فرد وذلك بالتعارض مع عدد الأفراد المحدد بواسطة المرسوم الرئاسي. اعتبارا من شهر ديسمبر عام 2013، يصل حجم القوى العاملة في الجيش الروسي لحوالي 82% من الحجم المطلوب.

وفقًا لتقرير معهد ستوكهولم الدولي لأبحاث السلام، أنفقت روسيا حوالي 72 مليار دولار على التسلح في عام 2011. وتخطط روسيا لزيادة إضافية في إنفاقها العسكري، بمشروع للميزانية يظهر ارتفاعًا في القيمة الحقيقية للانفاق العسكري بنسبة 53% حتى عام 2014. ومع ذلك، يضيف المعهد أن العديد من المحللين يشككون في ما إذا كانت الصناعة الروسية ستكون قادرة على تحقيق مثل هذه الخطط الطموحة بعد عقود من الركود الاقتصادي في أعقاب انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي.

أجهزة القوات المسلحة
تُقسم القوات المسلحة التابعة لوزارة الدفاع إلى:

 «أجهزة القوات المسلحة» الثلاثة: القوات البرية الروسية والقوات الجوفضائية الروسية والبحرية الروسية
 «جهازي فرق منفصلين»: قوات الصواريخ الاستراتيجية وقوات الإنزال الجوي
 «القوة الخاصة للقوات المسلحة»: قوات العمليات الخاصة
 «الدعم اللوجستي» التي تمتلك وضعية خاصة بها

هناك «جهازي فرق منفصلين» إضافيين، الحرس الوطني وجهاز الحدود. يحتفظ هذان الجهازان بوضعية «القوات المسلحة» القانونية في حين لا يحسبان ضمن هيئة أركان القوات المسلحة الروسية. يتشكل الحرس الوطني استنادًا إلى القوات الداخلية الروسية. استقلت الهيكلية الجديدة عن وزارة الشؤون الداخلية لتتحول إلى وكالة مستقلة تابعة بشكل مباشر لرئيس روسيا. جهاز الحدود هو تنظيم شبه عسكري لجهاز الأمن الفيدرالي الروسي، وهو جهاز الاستخبارات الروسي الداخلي الرئيسي في البلاد. تمتلك كلتا المنظمتين مهمات حربية عالية الأهمية إضافة أنشطتها الرئيسية في أوقات السلم وتدير وحداتها الأرضية والجوية والبحرية الخاصة بها.

يحدد الرئيس الروسي عبر مرسوم تعداد القوات الروسية المسلحة. في 1 يناير من عام 2008، حُدد عدد القوات الروسية ب 2,019,629، من بينها 1,134,800 وحدة عسكرية. في عام 2010 قدر المعهد الدولي للدراسات الاستراتيجية تعداد القوات المسلحة الروسية بنحو 1,027.000 جنديًا نشطًا وبنحو 2,035,000 جنديًا احتياطيًا (بشكل رئيسي من المجندين السابقين). مقابل التعداد الذي حدده المرسوم الرئاسي، ذكرت غرفة التدقيق الروسية أن التعداد الفعلي للقوات الروسية المسلحة المدرجة ضمن جدول الرواتب يبلغ 766 ألف حتى شهر أكتوبر من عام 2013.

بحسب معهد ستوكهولم الدولي لأبحاث السلام، زادت روسيا بين أعوام 2005-2009 و2010-2014 صادراتها من الأسلحة الرئيسية بنسبة 37%، وأنفقت 66,4 مليار على الأسلحة في عام 2015 ومن ثم أنفقت 69,2 مليار في عام 2016 واحتلت المرتبة الثالثة (بعد الولايات المتحدة والصين). وفقًا لوزارة الدفاع الروسية، تبلغ حصة روسيا من الأسلحة الحديثة المستخدمة مع الجيش والأسطول الروسيين 71,2% مع أسلحة قابلة للاستخدام تبلغ نسبتها 99% حتى عام 2021.

التاريخ
تفكك الاتحاد السوفييتي رسميًا في 25 ديسمبر من عام 1991. شهد العام التالي فشل العديد من المحاولات لتحافظ روسيا على وحدتها ولضمها إلى رابطة الدول المستقلة. مع الوقت، أقسمت بعض الوحدات المتمركزة في الجمهوريات المستقلة الجديدة قسم ولاء لحكوماتها الوطنية الجديدة في حين اقتسمت سلسلة من المعاهدات وقعتها الدول المستقلة حديثًا أصول الجيش.

بعيدًا عن تولي السيطرة على معظم القوات الداخلية السوفييتية الخاصة وقوات كي جي بي الحدودية، اشتملت الخطوة التي اتخذتها الحكومة الروسية الجديدة قبل شهر آذار من عام 1992 والتي بدت الخطوة الوحيدة على إعلان تأسيس الحرس الوطني. حتى عام 1995، كان مخططًا أن تشكل ما لا يقل عن 11 لواءً يتراوح تعداد جنود كل منها بين ال 3000 وال 5000، مع تعداد إجمالي يبلغ أكثر من 100 ألف. كان الهدف نشر الوحدات العسكرية للحرس الوطني في 10 أقاليم، من بينها موسكو (3 ألوية)، وعدد من المدن والأقاليم الأخرى الهامة. بحلول نهاية شهر سبتمبر من عام 1991 في موسكو كان تعداد الحرس الوطني يبلغ نحو 15 ألف مقاتلًا يتألف بمعظمه من الجنود السابقين في القوات المسلحة السوفييتية. في النهاية طرح الرئيس بوريس يلتسن مرسومًا «حول الموقع المؤقت للحرس الروسي»، إلا أنه لم يوضع موضع التطبيق.

بعد توقيع معاهدة بيلوفيجا في 21 ديسمبر من عام 1991، وقعت بلدان رابطة الدول المستقلة المشكلة حديثًا بروتوكولًا حول تعيين مؤقت لمارشال الجهاز يفغيني شابوشنيكوف وزيرًا للدفاع وقائدًا للقوات المسلحة في منطقتها، بما في ذلك القوات النووية الاستراتيجية. في 14 فبراير من عام 1992 أصبح شابوشنيكوف رسميًا القائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة التابعة لرابطة الدول المستقلة. في 16 مارس من عام 1992، أنشأ مرسوم أقره بوريس يلتسن القوات المسلحة للاتحاد الروسي وإدارة العمليات للقيادة العليا الموحدة ووزارة الدفاع، التي ترأسها الرئيس. في خاتمة المطاف، في 7 مايو 1992، وقع يلتسن مرسومًا لإنشاء القوات المسلحة وتولى يلتسن واجبات القائد الأعلى.

في شهر مايو من عام 1992، أصبح الكولونيل العام بافيل غراتشيف وزيرًا للدفاع وأصبح بتوليه المنصب أول جنرال عسكري في روسيا. بحلول شهر أغسطس أو ديسمبر من عام 1993 كانت الهياكل العسكرية لرابطة الدول المستقلة قد أصبحت هياكل التعاون العسكري لرابطة الدول المستقلة مع فقدان أي نفوذ حقيقي لها.

في السنوات القليلة التالية، انسحبت القوات الروسية من أوروبا الوسطى والشرقية وأيضًا من بعض جمهوريات ما بعد الاتحاد السوفييتي المستقلة حديثًا. في حين أن الانسحاب حدث في معظم الأماكن دون أي مشكلات، بقيت القوات المسلحة الروسية في بعض المناطق المتنازع عليها كقاعدة سيفاستوبول البحرية في القرم وأيضًا في أبخازيا، أوسيتيا الجنوبية وفي ترانسنسيتريا. تمتلك القوات المسلحة العديد من القواعد في بلدان أجنبية، ولا سيما في أراضي الجمهوريات السوفييتية السابقة.

الهيكلية
تشغل وزارة الدفاع في جمهورية الاتحاد الروسي دور هيئة إدارية للقوات المسلحة. منذ العهد السوفييتي، تصرفت هيئة الأركان العامة بصفتها القيادة الرئيسية للقوات الروسية المسلحة والهيئة المشرفة عليها: تحدث الخبير الأمريكي ويليام أودوم في عام 1998 أنه «يمكن تصور هيئة الأركان العامة السوفييتية دون وزارة الدفاع، إلا أنه لا يمكن تصور وزارة الدفاع دون هيئة الأركان العامة».

إلا أن الدور الحالي لهيئة الأركان العامة بات يختزل ضمن شعبة التخطيط الاستراتيجي لوزارة الدفاع وربما يحوز الوزير نفسه، سيرغي شويغو، سلطة تنفيذية أكبر على القوات. تضم الشعب الأخرى إدارة الطواقم وأيضًا منظمات دعم القوات المسلحة الروسية وقوات السكك الحديدية وقوات الإشارة وقوات البناء. القائد الحالي لهيئة الأركان هو جنرال الجيش فاليري غيراسيموف.

تضم هيكلية وزارة الدفاع منذ 1 ديسمبر من عام 2012 الإدارة الرئيسية للشرطة العسكرية، والتي تخضع لها الإدارات الإقليمية للشرطة العسكرية التابعة لمقاطعة الجيش.

في شهر يوليو من عام 2018، أنشئت الإدارة العسكرية السياسية واستعادت مسؤولية التدريب الأيديولوجي التي جرى التخلي عنها منذ عصر القوات المسلحة السوفييتية.

ينقسم الجيش الروسي إلى ثلاثة أجهزة: القوات البرية الروسية والبحرية الروسية والقوات الجوفضائية الروسية. إضافة إلى ذلك ثمة جيشين مستقلين: قوات الصواريخ الاستراتيجية وقوات الإنزال الجوي. يشار عادة إلى القوات المسلحة بكليتها بالجيش (آرميا)، ما عدا بعض الحالات، وتستثنى البحرية بشكل خاص.

مقاطعات الجيش
منذ أواخر العام 2010، توزع القوات البرية الروسية والقوات الجوفضائية والقوات البحرية بين 4 مقاطعات عسكرية: المقاطعة العسكرية الغربية والمقاطعة العسكرية الجنوبية والمقاطعة العسكرية الوسطى والمقاطعة العسكرية الشرقية التي تشكل أيضًا 4 قيادات إستراتيجية مشتركة، غرب وجنوب ووسط وشرق. في السابق، أي منذ العام 1992 حتى العام 2010، قسمت القوات البرية بين 6 مقاطعات عسكرية: موسكو ولينيغراد والقوقاز الشمالية وفولغا أورال وسيبيريا وأقصى الشرق، إضافة إلى المقاطعة العسكرية السابعة: كالينينغراد التي تشكلت في عام 1997، والتي كانت في الخدمة حتى عام 2010.

تمتلك الأساطيل البحرية الأربعة والأسطول الصغير التي تمتلكها روسيا التقسيم نفسه الذي لدى المقاطعات العسكرية للقوات البرية. دُمجت هذه المقاطعات العسكرية ضمن 4 مقاطعات عسكرية جديدة، والتي تضم أيضًا القوات الجوية والقوات البحرية. ثمة قاعدة عسكرية روسية واحدة متبقية، القاعدة العسكرية رقم 102، في أرمينيا تركتها مجموعة القوات العابرة للقوقاز ودمجت ضمن المقاطعة العسكرية الجنوبية.

أُعلنت في أواسط العام 2010 إعادة تنظيم رسخت المقاطعات العسكرية والأساطيل البحرية ضمن 4 قيادات إستراتيجية مشتركة. وفي عام 2014 أعيد تنظيم الأسطول الشمالي ضمن قيادة إستراتيجية مشتركة منفصلة. منذ 1 من شهر يناير من عام 2021، تحوز هذه القيادة مكانة مقاطعة عسكرية.

البرية

لدى الجيش البري نحو 15 ألفا وخمسمائة دبابة، و27 ألفا و607 عربات عسكرية، ونحو 3781 منصة إطلاق صواريخ من مختلف الأنواع.

 الدبابات: 15500 تي-90- تي-72
 المدرعات: 5990
 بندقية ذاتية الدفع: 27607
 المدافع: 4625
 قاذفات الصواريخ: 3781 منها غراد وسميرتش
 كاسحات الالغام:450

القوات الجوية

مع تفكك الاتحاد السوفياتي، وزعت تشكيلات القوات الجوية على الدول المستقلة وحصلت روسيا على النصيب الأكبر بواقع 40% من الطائرات، و65% من القوة البشرية، بالإضافة إلى قيادات سرب النقل الجوي بعيد المدى.

وأعيدت تسمية النقل الجوي العسكري وتشكيلات الوحدات الجوية الأمامية مع بعض التعديلات، مع العلم أن العديد من الدول المنفصلة عن الاتحاد السوفياتي طالبت بأسراب الطائرات والطيارين الذين كانوا يتمركزون على أراضيها من أجل تشكيل نواة لقواها الجوية.

في حين بقيت قيادة الدفاع الجوي مستقلة بذاتها تحت القيادة الروسية لفترة محددة إلى أن تم دمجها مع القوى الجوية عام 1998.

وقد اضطرت هذه القوات للتخلي عن خططها الطموحة للحصول على مقاتلات تكتيكية متطورة جديدة لحساب تطوير الأسراب الموجودة لديها. وأمام هذا الوضع تعين على قيادة القوى الجوية اتخاذ بعض الإجراءات التي وصفت بالمؤلمة:

في أكتوبر/تشرين الأول من العام 2004 حُلّ السربان 200 و444 من القاذفات الإستراتيجية بعيدة المدى المؤلفان من طائرات توبوليف 22 أم3.

تم حل بعض الأسراب المقاتلة بما فيها تلك التي تستخدم طائرات من طراز سوخوي 24. ومقابل ذلك، أعلن عن تشكيل أسراب هجومية مزودة بطائرات سوخوي 25 المتطورة.

وفي عام 2003 تم نقل جميع معدات سرب النقل والتشكيلات الجوية الأخرى الملحقة بالقوات البرية إلى صفوف القوات الجوية.

بحسب إحصاءات أوردها موقع غلوبال فاير باور عام 2014، يصل عدد طائرات الجيش الروسي إلى 3082 طائرة، في حين يصل عدد المقاتلات إلى 736، والطائرات الهجومية إلى 1289.

أما طائرات النقل فعددها 730، وطائرات التدريب 303، أما المروحيات فعددها 973، والمروحيات المقاتلة 114.

 طائرات نفاثة: 3082
 طائرات عامودية: 973

القوات البحرية

تضم القوات البحرية الروسية في تشكيلاتها كل ما كان منضويا تحت لواء البحرية السوفياتية، وتتكون من الأسطول الشمالي، وأسطول المحيط الهادي، وأسطول البحر الأسود، وأسطول البلطيق، وكوكبة سفن قزوين، والنقل البحري، ومشاة البحرية، والمدفعية الساحلية.

وخلال الحرب الباردة قامت البحرية الروسية بعدد من المهام، فضلا عن كونها ركيزة رئيسية لثالوث الدرع النووي. ويرى الخبراء العسكريون أنه وفي بعض المجالات -ولا سيما من حيث السرعة وتقنية المفاعلات- كانت الغواصات السوفياتية واحدة من أفضل القطع البحرية في العالم.

لكن، ومع انهيار الاتحاد السوفياتي تلقت القوات البحرية ضربة قاسية تقنيا وبشريا بسبب نقص التمويل الهائل، الأمر الذي دفع القيادة العسكرية إلى جعل بعض السفن منازل عائمة في القواعد البحرية لاستيعاب الجنود والضباط، وإلى وقف برامج بناء سفن جديدة.

مع العلم أن بعض أسباب هذا التراجع تعود للعهد السوفياتي لجهة التنوع غير العملي للقطع البحرية التي كانت تفرضها هيئة التصنيع العسكري، بدعم من القيادة، على القوى البحرية.

فعلى سبيل المثال لا الحصر، امتلكت القوى البحرية السوفياتية في منتصف الثمانينيات من القرن الماضي عددا من الناقلات البحرية من طراز كييف التي تقاعدت مبكرا وخرجت من الخدمة قبل أوانها.

وبحلول 2006 كان لدى البحرية الروسية خمسون غواصة نووية مقارنة مع 170 عام 1991 علما بأن 24 غواصة منها فقط جاهزة للعمل.

ولم تشهد البحرية الروسية أي نشاط فعلي لها إلا مع بداية عام 2003 عبر إجراء المناورات الكبرى مع البحرية الهندية في المحيط الهندي، ومناورات أخرى في أغسطس/آب من السنة نفسها في مناورات الشرق الأقصى في «فوستوك» بالاشتراك مع قوات يابانية وكورية جنوبية.

وبحسب أرقام موقع غلوبال فاير باور لعام 2014، تتكون القوة البحرية الروسية من حاملة طائرات واحدة، وأربع بوارج حربية و13 مدمرة بحرية، و74 سفينة مقاتلة، و63 غواصة بحرية، و65 من سفن خفر السواحل، إلى جانب 34 كاسحة ألغام.

 الكل: 352
 حاملات طائرات:1 الأميرال كوزنستوف
 الفرقاطات:4
 المدمره:13
 كورفت:74
 الغواصات:63
 الدوريات:65
 كاسحات الالغام:34

مناورات تدريبية

تشارك القوات المسلحة الروسية بفروعها المختلفة في العديد من المناورات العسكرية التدريبية لرفع مستوى الاستعداد القتالي وكفاءة القوات ومنها:
 مناورات إندرا
 مناورات استقرار
 مناورات التعاون في البحر
 مناورات السماء اليقظة
 مناورات القوقاز
 مناورات النسر الشمالي
 مناورات النسر المتيقظ
 مناورات بارنتس
 مناورات ريمباك
 مناورات زاباد
 مناورات فوستوك
 مناورات مهمة سلام
 حماة الصداقة 2016

معرض الصور

انظر أيضاً
 جي آر إيه يو GRAU - إدارة الصواريخ والمدفعية الروسية

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 وزارة الدفاع الروسية (بالروسية)

عسكرية روسيا

القوات المسلحة للاتحاد الروسي


Skal drengen tvinges er en dokumentarfilm fra 1956 instrueret af Erik Fiehn efter manuskript af Frank Jæger, Erling Wolter.

Handling
Bjarne er oppe til mellemskoleeksamen. Han vil gerne være gartner, men hans moder vil, at han skal læse. I første omgang skal han sørge for at få en fin mellemskoleeksamen, så han kan komme i gymnasiet. Det går imidlertid ikke så godt for Bjarne, og efter en dårlig karakter i geografi, der forindrer ham i at komme i gymnasiet, kvier han sig ved at gå hjem. Som så ofte før søger han trøst i arbejdet hos sin ven gartneren. Moderen er urolig over, at drengen ikke viser sig. Faderen griber ind og tager en rask afgørelse i spørgsmålet om drengens fremtid, så han får mulighed for at komme på sin rette hylde.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1956

Skal drengen tvinges


The Vetluga (, ; ) is a river that flows through Kirov Oblast, Kostroma Oblast, Mari El and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga. Their confluence is near Kozmodemyansk. The river is navigable. It is  long, and has a drainage basin of . Its largest tributaries are Neya, Bolshaya Kaksha, Usta and Yuronga from the left and Vokhma and Lyunda from the right. The town Vetluga is situated on the river.

References

Rivers of Kirov Oblast
Rivers of Kostroma Oblast
Rivers of Mari El
Rivers of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Vetluga (river)


تيتزس بوبرنيك، من مواليد 12 أكتوبر 1933، لاعب كرة قدم تشيكوسلوفاكي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب تشيكوسلوفاكيا لكرة القدم 23 مباراة وسجل 5 أهداف.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في النمسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سلوفاكيون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون تشيكوسلوفاكيون مغتربون في النمسا
لاعبو إنتر براتيسلافا
لاعبو كأس أمم أوروبا 1960
لاعبو كأس العالم 1958
لاعبو كأس العالم 1962
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكوسلوفاكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكوسلوفاكيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم سلوفاكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في النمسا
لاعبو لاسك لينتس
لاعبو منتخب تشيكوسلوفاكيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي سلوفان براتيسلافا
لاعبو نادي كوشيتسه
مواليد 1933
رياضيون من إقليم ترنافا
لاعبو كرة قدم من إقليم ترنافا

تيتوس بوبرنيك


قرنية: أحد أجزاء العين

 الفصيلة القرنية أو البقولية: إحدى أهم الفصائل النباتية من ذوات الفلقتين.
 القرنية: جنس نباتي من الفصيلة القرنفلية.

قرنية (توضيح)


The golden hamster or Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a rodent belonging to the hamster subfamily, Cricetinae. Their natural geographical range is in an arid region of northern Syria and southern Turkey. Their numbers have been declining in the wild due to a loss of habitat from agriculture and deliberate elimination by humans. Thus, wild golden hamsters are now considered endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. However, captive breeding programs are well-established, and captive-bred golden hamsters are often kept as small house pets. They are also used as scientific research animals.

Syrian hamsters are larger than many of the dwarf hamsters kept as pocket pets (up to five times larger), though the wild European hamster exceeds Syrian hamsters in size.

Characteristics

Adult golden hamsters can reach around  long. Females are usually larger than males, with a body mass of around  and lifespan of 2-3 years. Syrian hamsters from private breeders can be in the range of .

Like most members of the subfamily, the golden hamster has expandable cheek pouches, which extend from its cheeks to its shoulders. In the wild, hamsters are larder hoarders; they use their cheek pouches to transport food to their burrows. Their name in the local Arabic dialect where they were found roughly translates to "mister saddlebags" () due to the amount of storage space in their cheek pouches.

Sexually mature female hamsters come into heat (estrus) every four days. Golden hamsters and other species in the genus Mesocricetus have the shortest gestation period in any known placental mammal at around 16 days. Gestation has been known to last up to 21 days, but this is rare and almost always results in complications. They can produce large litters of 20 or more young, although the average litter size is between eight and 10 pups. If a mother hamster is inexperienced or feels threatened, she may abandon or eat her pups. A female hamster enters estrus almost immediately after giving birth, and can become pregnant despite already having a litter. This act puts stress on the mother's body and often results in very weak and undernourished young.

Discovery

Golden hamsters originate from Syria and were first described by science in the 1797 second edition of The Natural History of Aleppo, a book written and edited by two Scottish physicians living in Syria. The Syrian hamster was then recognized as a distinct species in 1839 by British zoologist George Robert Waterhouse, who named it Cricetus auratus or the "golden hamster". The skin of the holotype specimen is kept at the Natural History Museum in London.In 1930, Israel Aharoni, a zoologist and professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, captured a mother hamster and her litter of pups in Aleppo, Syria. The hamsters were bred in Jerusalem as laboratory animals.

Descendants of the captive hamsters were shipped to Britain in 1931, where they came under the care of the Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research. These bred and two more pairs were given to the Zoological Society of London in 1932. The descendants of these were passed on to private breeders in 1937. A separate stock of hamsters was exported from Syria to the United States in 1971, but mitochondrial DNA studies have established that all domestic golden hamsters are descended from one female – likely the one captured in 1930 in Syria.

Since the species was named, the genus Cricetus has been subdivided and this species (together with several others) was separated into the genus Mesocricetus, leading to the currently accepted scientific name for the golden hamster of Mesocricetus auratus.

Behavior

Hamsters are very territorial and intolerant of each other; attacks against each other are commonplace. Exceptions do occur, usually when a female and male meet when the female is in heat, but even so, the female may attack the male after mating. In captivity, babies are separated from their mother and by sex after four weeks, as they sexually mature at four to five weeks old. Same-sex groups of siblings can stay with each other until they are about eight weeks old, at which point they will become territorial and fight with one another, sometimes to the death. Infanticide is not uncommon among female golden hamsters. In captivity, they may kill and eat healthy young as a result of the pups interacting with humans, for any foreign scent is treated as a threat. Females also eat their dead young in the wild.

Golden hamsters mark their burrows with secretions from special scent glands on their hips called flank glands. Male hamsters in particular lick their bodies near the glands, creating damp spots on the fur, then drag their sides along objects to mark their territory. Females also use bodily secretions and feces.

Survival in the wild
Following Professor Aharoni's collection in 1930, only infrequent sightings and captures were reported in the wild. Finally, to confirm the current existence of the wild golden hamster in northern Syria and southern Turkey, two expeditions were carried out in September 1997 and March 1999. The researchers found and mapped 30 burrows. None of the inhabited burrows contained more than one adult. The team caught six females and seven males. One female was pregnant and gave birth to six pups. All these 19 caught golden hamsters, together with three wild individuals from the University of Aleppo, were shipped to Germany to form a new breeding stock.

Observations of females in this wild population have revealed, contrary to laboratory populations, activity patterns are crepuscular rather than nocturnal, possibly to avoid nocturnal predators such as owls.
Owls, however, have also evolved to hunt at dusk and dawn, and even during the day on rare occasions, so the predator avoidance advantage may not apply to owls in particular. Another theory is that hamsters, which are extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuations, may be crepuscular to avoid the extreme temperatures of full daylight and night time temperatures.

Golden hamsters in captivity run two to five miles per 24-hour period and can store up to one ton of food in a lifetime. They keep their food carefully separated from their urination and nesting areas. Very old hamsters with weak teeth break this "rule" by soaking hard seeds and nuts with urine to soften them for eating. Hamsters are extraordinary housekeepers and often sort through their hoards to clean and get rid of molding or rotting food. They gather food in the wild by foraging and carrying it home in their cheek pouches, which they empty by pushing it out through their open mouths, from back to front, with their paws, until it is empty. If a lot of food is available to carry, they may stuff the pouches so full that they cannot even close their mouths. Wild hamsters possibly behave similarly to those in captivity.

As research animals
Golden hamsters are used to model human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006 and 2007, golden hamsters accounted for 19% of the total Animal Welfare Act-covered animal research subjects in the United States.

As pets

Golden hamsters are popular as house pets due to their docile, inquisitive nature, cuteness, and small size. However, these animals have some special requirements that must be met for them to be healthy. Although some people think of them as a pet for young children, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals recommends hamsters as pets only for people over age 6 and the child should be supervised by an adult. Cages should be a suitable size, safe, comfortable, and interesting. If a hamster is constantly chewing and/or climbing on the bars of its cage  then it needs more stimulation or a larger cage. The minimum recommended size for a hamster cage is , of continuous floor space (although the source of this recommendation is unknown). These can be made by cutting and connecting large plastic storage bins, or a large glass tank. Appropriately sized wooden cages can be made, or bought online. The majority of hamster cages sold in pet stores do not meet these size requirements. Hamster Society Singapore (HHS) recommends a minimum of  for Syrian hamsters, while Tierärztliche Vereinigung für Tierschutz (TVT) recommends giving them as much space as you can and at minimum 100 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm (L × W × H) which is .

A hamster wheel is a common type of environmental enrichment, and it is important that hamsters have a wheel in their cage. TVT recommends wheels should be at least 30 cm for Syrian hamsters, since smaller diameters lead to permanent spinal curvatures, especially in young animals. They also recommend a solid running surface because rungs or mesh can cause injury, or bumblefoot. A hamster should be able to run on its wheel without arching its back. A hamster that has to run with an arched back can have back pain and spine problems. A variety of toys and cardboard tubes and boxes can help to provide enrichment, as they are energetic and need space to exercise.

Most hamsters in American and British pet stores are golden hamsters. Originally, golden hamsters occurred in just one color – the mixture of brown, black, and gold, but they have since developed a variety of color and pattern mutations, including cream, white, blonde, cinnamon, tortoiseshell, black, three different shades of gray, dominant spot, banded, and dilute.

Breeding

The practice of selective breeding of golden hamsters requires an understanding of their care, knowledge about breed variations, a plan for selective breeding, scheduling of the female body cycle, and the ability to manage a colony of hamsters.

Breed variations

Often long-haired hamsters are referred to by their nickname "teddy bear". They are identical to short-haired Syrians except for the hair length and can be found in any color, pattern, or other coat type available in the species.
Male long-haired hamsters usually have longer fur than the female, culminating in a "skirt" of longer fur around their backsides. Long-haired females have a much shorter coat although it is still significantly longer than that of a short-haired female.

See also
Turkish hamster
Romanian hamster
Hamster racing
Winter white dwarf hamster
Roborovski dwarf hamster
Campbell's dwarf hamster
 Martin R. Ralph (for experiments done with golden hamsters and their circadian rhythms)

References

Sources

External links

HSUS (Humane Society of the U.S.) Hamster care
ASPCA Hamster Information
Genome information

Golden hamster
Mammals of the Middle East
Mammals described in 1839
Articles containing video clips

Golden hamster


Mémoires de l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. Avec l'Histoire de l'Académie (abreviado Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad.) fue una revista ilustrada con descripciones botánicas que fue editada por la Academia Imperial de las Artes. se publicaron 11 volúmenes en los años 1809 - 1830.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
en IPNI

Revistas de botánica


Disparity and disparities may refer to:

in healthcare:
 Health disparities

in finance:
 Income disparity between females and males.
Male–female income disparity in the United States
Income gender gap
 Economic inequality
 Income inequality metrics
 International inequality
 Income inequality in the United States
 Wealth inequality in the United States

in science:
 Stereopsis, the perception of depth and structure derived from binocular vision
 Binocular disparity, binocular cue to determine depth or distance of an object
 Ecological disparity, the number of different guilds occupying an ecosystem
 Running disparity, the number of 1 bits minus the number of 0 bits
 Paired disparity code, a pattern that keeps the running disparity close to zero

in social science:
 Social inequality
 Social equality
 Social stratification
 Curvilinear Disparity is a political theory which posits that the rank and file members of a party tend to be more ideological than both the leadership of that party and its voters.

Disparity


Aline Dole, est une joueuse de pétanque française.

Biographie

Clubs
 ?-? : USC Dijon (Côte-d'Or)
 ?-? : Pétanque du drapeau Dijon (Côte-d'Or)
 ?-? : Fraternelle Oullins (Rhône)

Palmarès

Séniors

Championnats du Monde
 Championne du Monde
 Triplette 1992 (avec Marie-Christine Virebayre et Ranya Kouadri) :  Équipe de France
 Finaliste
 Triplette 1990 (avec Ranya Kouadri, Sylvette Innocenti) :  Équipe de France
 Triplette 1998 (avec Ranya Kouadri, Angélique Colombet et Peggy Milei) :  Équipe de France

Jeux mondiaux
 Vainqueur
 Doublette 1993 (avec Ranya Kouadri) :  Équipe de France

Championnats de France
 Championne de France
 Doublette 1991 (avec Carole Dupon) : Pétanque du drapeau Dijon
 Doublette 1993 (avec Carole Dupon) : Pétanque du drapeau Dijon
 Doublette 1996 (avec Ranya Kouadri) : Fraternelle Oullins
 Doublette 1998 (avec Ranya Kouadri) : Fraternelle Oullins
 Finaliste
 Doublette 1977 (avec Michèle Thiébault) : USC Dijon
 Doublette 1983 (avec Christine Siwiak) : USC Dijon

Références

Liens externes

Joueuse française de pétanque
Championne du monde de pétanque
Médaillée d'or aux Jeux mondiaux
Championne de France de pétanque
Lieu de naissance inconnu
Article à illustrer Pétanque

Aline Dole


رأس الفرطاس هو أحد الرؤوس على الساحل الشرقي للبلاد التونسية، ويقع بشمال غربي ولاية نابل، قرب بلدة مرسى الأمراء.

فرطاس

رأس الفرطاس


Richard Rosenberg (* 5. März 1894 in Frankfurt am Main; † 12. Oktober 1987 in Stans) war ein deutscher Komponist, Musiktheoretiker, Musikpublizist, Dirigent, Pianist und Jurist jüdischer Abstammung.

Ausbildung
Bereits während der Gymnasialzeit studierte Rosenberg am Hoch'schen Konservatorium in Frankfurt Musik (Klavier, Violine sowie Komposition bei Bernhard Sekles). Auf Verlangen des Vaters absolvierte er aber vorerst eine Ausbildung in Rechtswissenschaft an den Universitäten München und Marburg. 1914 meldete er sich als Kriegsfreiwilliger beim Militär. Nach verschiedenen Lazarettaufenthalten kehrte er vier Jahre später an die juristische Abteilung der Universität Frankfurt zurück. Während er als Dr. jur. mit einer Arbeit "Über das altruistische Motiv im Strafrecht" promovierte, trat er gleichzeitig mit ersten Kompositionen an die Öffentlichkeit. Nun durfte er seiner inneren Berufung Folge leisten und bei Waldemar von Baußnern am Hoch'schen Konservatorium in Frankfurt Komposition studieren.

Musikalisches Schaffen
Erste Verpflichtungen als Dirigent und Korrepetitor in Mainz (1922) und Oberhausen (1924) boten gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit, eigene Orchesterwerke aufzuführen (u. a. Schauspielmusik, Pantomimen). Höhepunkte seiner Komponistenkarriere bildeten die Uraufführungen seiner beiden Opern, 1926 Der Geiger von Gmünd in Dortmund und 1929 Liebesspiel in Aachen. Mit publizistischen Tätigkeiten bei der Frankfurter Zeitung kompensierte er in der Folge erste künstlerische Krisen.

Im März 1938, nach Entzug der Arbeitsbewilligung durch das Hitlerregime, floh Rosenberg über Italien (Cannobio) in die Schweiz nach Hergiswil (NW). Seine Frau Paula, geborene Lind, mit der er seit 1925 verheiratet war, musste in Frankfurt a. M. bleiben und wurde am 11. November 1941 nach Minsk deportiert und dort ermordet.

Rosenberg lebte 50 lange Jahre in der Schweiz in größter Zurückgezogenheit und widmete sich vor allem der Komposition von Chor-, Kammer- und Blasmusik. Seine langjährigen Erfahrungen als Musikrezensent der Frankfurter Zeitung kamen nun dem Luzerner Tagblatt zugute. Daneben publizierte er musiktheoretische Abhandlungen zu den Klaviersonaten von Beethoven (1957) und Mozart (1972).

Werke
Rosenbergs Œuvre mit ca. 70 Kompositionen spannt sich von der Oper über Chor-, Orchester- und Kammermusik bis hin zu Blasmusik. Seine Werke, im Stil eines romantischen Klassizismus gehalten, bestechen durch reiche polyphone Schreibweise, melodisch weiche Tonmalereien und frische scherzohafte Einfälle.

Nachlass
Die Stiftung Richard Rosenberg mit Sitz in Stans widmet sich der Förderung der Musik von Rosenberg und der Luzerner Musikkultur ganz allgemein. Sie leitet das CD-Projekt Musik in Luzern, eine klingende Musikgeschichte des Kantons Luzern (Verlag VDE-GALLO, Denezey). Ein Teilnachlass ist im Stadtarchiv Schwäbisch Gmünd überliefert.

Drucke
 Musik für Streicher (RRW 10), Amadeus Verlag Winterthur, BP 1098
 Konzert für Violoncello und Orchester (RRW 46) im Eigenverlag, Eidgenössische Notenbibliothek Bern, Nr. 83/329

Diskografie
 Zwei Nummern aus der Oper Liebesspiel (RRW 32, zweite Fassung 1940/1), Württembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen, 1984, SWR Nr. 27213).
 Vorspiel zur Oper Der Geiger von Gmünd (RRW 25, zweite Fassung 1936), Württembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen (1978, SWR Nr. 01-25640).
 Konzert für Violoncello und Orchester (RRW 46, 1942), Württembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen (1982, SWR Nr. 01 28838).
 Musik für Streicher (RRW 10. zweite Fassung 1968), Festival Strings Lucerne, in: Musik in Luzern, Musik für Streichorchester (VDE-Gallo CD-727).
 Sieben vormärzliche Walzer für Klavier solo (RRW 57, 1948), Patrizio Mazzola (Kl)(Magnon Recording Stans PN2717).
 Sieben vormärzliche Walzer für zwei Klaviere (RRW 57, 1948), Yvonne Lang und Eckehard Schubert (2Kle). In: Musik in Luzern, Musik für zwei Klaviere (VDE-Gallo CD-1010/1).

Publikationen (Auswahl)
 Das altruistische Motiv im Strafrecht. In: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft (ZStW). Bd. 42. Berlin 1921.
 Die Klaviersonaten Ludwig van Beethovens. Studien über Form und Vortrag (2 Bde.), Urs Graf Verlag, Olten/Lausanne 1957.
 Die Klaviersonaten Mozarts, Gestalt- und Stilanalyse. Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag, Hofheim am Taunus 1972.

Dokumentation
 Richard Rosenberg (1894–1987). Sein Leben – sein Werk. His Life – His work. Inkl. Demo-CD; mit Beitr. von Ernst Lichtenhahn, Katrin Dubach, Fritz Schaub, Urs Peter Zelger und Ernst Minder, TRE/Media-Verlag, Karlsruhe 2009, ISBN 978-3-937087-02-3.
 Porträts und Besprechungen in verschiedenen Lexiken (z. B. Schweizer Lexikon 91, Verlag Mengis & Ziehr) und Fachzeitschriften (z. B. Zeitschrift für Musik, 113. Jg., Heft 6, oder Die Tonkunst, Leipzig 2011).

Weblinks

 Findbuch zum Bestand C09: Musikalien (PDF) im Stadtarchiv Schwäbisch Gmünd mit Teilnachlass von Richard Rosenberg.

Einzelnachweise

Komponist (Deutschland)
Musiktheoretiker
Geboren 1894
Gestorben 1987
Mann
Deutscher

Richard Rosenberg


Kazuki Mine (født 18. april 1993) er en japansk professionel fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kyoto Sanga FC, Kataller Toyama og AC Nagano Parceiro.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kazuki Mine


Mikkel Sjøberg Dencker (nascido a 20 de novembro de 1975, em Frederiksberg) é um político dinamarquês que foi membro do Folketing pelo Partido Popular Dinamarquês de 2001 a 2019.

Carreira política
Dencker é membro do conselho municipal do município de Hvidovre desde 1998 e actuou como vice-prefeito do município. Nas eleições legislativas dinamarquesas de 2001, Dencker foi eleito para o parlamento, tendo sido reeleito em 2005, 2007, 2011 e 2015. Ele concorreu na eleição de 2019 mas não conseguiu a reeleição, recebendo apenas 859 votos.

Nascidos em 1975
Pessoas vivas
Políticos da Dinamarca

Mikkel Dencker


The New Hampshire Supreme Court is the supreme court of the U. S. state of New Hampshire and sole appellate court of the state. The Supreme Court is seated in the state capital, Concord. The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices appointed by the Governor and Executive Council to serve during "good behavior" until retirement or the age of seventy. The senior member of the Court is able to specially assign lower-court judges, as well as retired justices, to fill vacancies on the Court.

The Supreme Court is the administrative authority over the state's judicial system. The Court has both mandatory and discretionary appellate jurisdiction. In 2000, the Court created a "Three Judges Expedited" or 3JX panel to issue decisions in cases of less precedential value, with its decision only binding on the present case. In 2004, the court began accepting all appeals from the trial courts for the first time in 25 years.

From 1776 to 1876, the then four-member court was known as the "Superior Court of Judicature", until the name was changed by an act of the New Hampshire General Court. In 1901, the number of justices was increased from four to five. Two Supreme Court justices have been the only two state officials to be impeached in New Hampshire: Justice Woodbury Langdon resigned prior to his trial in 1790, and Chief Justice David Brock was acquitted by the New Hampshire Senate in 2000.

Retired Associate Justice David Souter of the Supreme Court of the United States served on the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1983 to 1990.

History
The Colony of New Hampshire adopted the temporary 1776 Constitution. The newly formed legislature abolished the existing executive courts made up of the governor and council, and established the "Superior Court of Judicature" as the appellate court with four justices. The Court follows the common law and since Tomson v. Ward (1816) has published official law reports of its precedential opinions. In 1876, an act was passed creating the "Supreme Court" as New Hampshire's highest court.

In 1901, the legislature established two courts to take the place of the existing Supreme Court. Jurisdiction over "law terms" during which court decisions were appealed, was given to the Supreme Court, which was made up of a chief justice and four associate justices. Matters formerly handled at "trial terms" were given to the Superior Court. The advantage was a separate appeals court, of which the trial judge was not a member.

In 1966, the state constitution was amended to establish the Supreme Court and Superior Court as constitutional courts, which means that they could only be changed or abolished by a constitutional amendment, not by the legislature.

In 1971, the General Court established by statute a "Unified Court System," making the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court responsible for the efficient operation of all the courts in New Hampshire. The law stated the Supreme Court Chief Justice will have the advice and consent of the Chief Justice of the Superior Court. It also required both to seek cooperation from others interested in the administration of justice including other justices and judges, court clerks, the court accreditation committee, the state and local bar associations, and the judicial council. The 24-member Judicial Council is an ongoing, independent forum for consideration and discussion of issues involving the administration of justice.

In 1978, New Hampshire voters approved the addition of Part II, Article 73-a, a constitution amendment to the constitution making the Chief Justice the administrative head of the court and giving the Judicial Branch greater control over itself.

In 1983, the General Courts consolidated funding for all the state courts into the state's biennial budget. This abolished the prior practice of the superior and probate courts funded by the counties and the district courts by the cities and towns in which they were located. The Office of Administrative Services, now known as the Administrative Office of the Courts, was established. The office consolidated functions such as personnel, accounting, technology and budgeting into one central office for the Judicial Branch.

In May 2000, the Supreme Court announced the creation of a new Judicial Conduct Commission (JCC) that would be totally independent of the court system and have its own staff, office space, and funding. The Judicial Conduct Commission took the place of the prior Judicial Conduct Committee, which the court had created in 1977. In 2004, RSA Chapter 494-A came into effect codified the JCC as being completely independent of the New Hampshire court system and other branches of government. The legislature effectively left the rules the JCC intact, except where they contradicted the RSA Chapter 494-A. The Supreme Court took an appeal, Petition of the Judicial Conduct Commission (2004), from the JCC that RSA chapter 494-A was unconstitutional because it purported to authorize the JCC to impose disciplinary action on judges. The court ruled that the legislature had violated the separation of powers doctrine (Part I, Article 37) by encroaching on the power of the Supreme Court to regulate the conduct of the judiciary, by giving such power to the commission.

Jurisdiction

The court hears a variety of cases, most of which are either mandatory or discretionary appeals from the lower courts. In January 2004, the court began accepting all appeals from the trial court for the first time in 25 years. Below, fiscal year caseload statistics are shown for the Family Divisions, District Courts, Probate Courts and the Superior Courts in the 2003 and 2004 fiscal years show this change.

Mandatory appeals
The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to review appeals from the State trial courts and from many State administrative agencies. For many years, the Court did not accept every appeal from the lower courts. In 2003, the court only accepted 40 percent of the appeals. In January 2004, the Supreme Court instituted mandatory appeals on the final decisions on the merits from the Family Division and the District, Probate and Superior Courts, under Supreme Court Rule 7. In mandatory appeals, the parties generally are given the opportunity to submit a transcript of the lower court proceedings and to file written briefs. After the briefs are filed, the Supreme Court decides if the case will be decided after oral argument or on the briefs alone. The court will then issue a final decision in the form of a brief order, an order with some explanation, or a full written opinion.

Discretionary appeals and original jurisdiction
Conditions which make the aforementioned appeals discretionary are: a post-conviction review proceeding; a proceeding involving the collateral challenge to a conviction or sentence; a sentence modification or suspension proceeding; an imposition of sentence proceeding; a parole revocation proceeding; or a probation revocation proceeding. On September 7, 2005, the Supreme Court adopted a temporary addition to the exceptions to mandatory appeals, adding appeals from a final decision on the merits issued in a landlord/tenant action or in a possessory action, both under RSA Chapter 540. Administrative appeals, interlocutory appeals and interlocutory transfers, and certain limited appeals from the decisions of the trial courts are also discretionary appeals. The court also has original jurisdiction to issue writs of certiorari, prohibition, habeas corpus and other writs, which the court has discretion to decide which cases to hear. If a discretionary appeal is accepted, it typically follows the same process as a mandatory appeal.

Three Judges Expedited (3JX)
In December 2000, the Supreme Court instituted a Three Judges Expedited (3JX) summary procedure to reduce cases requiring oral argument. The 3JX panel consists of three justices who hear shortened arguments of cases containing less precedential value. A unanimous judgement of all three justices is necessary for the panel to issue an Order binding only the present case, it contains no precedential value. A split decision of the 3JX panel will cause a case to be rescheduled for oral argument in front of all five justices.

Organization
The court is made up of a chief justice and four associate justices. Currently the members of the court are Chief Justice Gordon J. MacDonald, Senior Associate Justice Gary E. Hicks, Associate Justice James P. Bassett, Associate Justice Anna Hantz Marconi, and Associate Justice Patrick E. Donovan.

Appointment
Part II, Article 46 of the state constitution, states all judicial officers (among the other constitutional officers) shall be nominated and appointed by the Governor and Executive Council. It also states that such nominations shall be made at least three days prior to such appointment and no such appointment shall take place unless a majority of the council agrees.

Length of tenure
Part II, Article 73 of the state constitution states all judicial officers shall hold their offices during good behavior, unless the constitution states otherwise. Part II, Article 78 limits judges of any court from holding court once that judge has reached the age of seventy years.

Assigning replacement justices
According to RSA 490:3, when a justice of the Supreme Court has retired, is disqualified, or is unable to sit on a case, the chief justice or senior associate justice of the supreme court may assign a justice of the supreme court who has retired from regular active service. If a retired supreme court justice is unavailable, a justice of the superior court who has retired from regular active service shall be continuously assigned to fill a vacancy. The selection of a retired supreme or superior court justice shall be on a random basis. However, if neither a retired supreme or superior court justice is available, then the selection of a replacement justice shall be made on a random basis from a pool of full-time justices of the superior court, then from a pool of full-time justices of the district and probate courts.

Justices assigned to sit temporarily on the Supreme Court have all the authority of a Supreme Court justice to hear arguments, render decisions and file opinions. However, no justice shall be assigned to sit on the Supreme Court in the determination of any cause or matter upon which the justice has previously sat or for which such justice is not otherwise disqualified nor without the justice's own consent.

Current justices

Vacancy and pending nomination

Impeachment of justices

The state constitution provides two methods for removing judicial officers, based on who is bringing such action:
Part II, Article 73 also states that the Governor with consent of the Executive Council may remove any commissioned officer for reasonable cause upon the address of both houses of the legislature; that the cause for removal shall be stated fully and substantially in the address and shall not be a cause which is a sufficient ground for impeachment; and provided further that no officer shall be so removed unless he shall have had an opportunity to be heard in his defense by a joint committee of both houses of the legislature.
Part II, Article 17 states, "The house of representatives shall be the grand inquest of the state; and all impeachments made by them, shall be heard and tried by the senate." Part II, Article 38 provides the grounds for impeachment as bribery, corruption, malpractice or maladministration. The article also provides the framework and requirements for how the Senate will conduct such an impeachment trial.

Justice Woodbury Langdon in 1790
In 1790, the first impeachment trial of a Supreme Court justice was commenced against Judge Woodbury Langdon from Portsmouth, a brother of Governor John Langdon. The House of Representatives voted 35–29 to impeach him for neglecting his duties; finding that he had failed to attend sessions of the Supreme Court in outlying counties and that charging the Legislature had failed to provide an honorable salaries for judges and interfered in court decisions. The removal trial in the Senate was postponed, but never took place as Woodbury resigned from the court.

Chief Justice David A. Brock in 2000
On March 31, 2000, State Attorney General Philip T. McLaughlin issued a report entitled "In re: W. Stephen Thayer, III and Related Matters," which brought to light information raising concerns about the conduct of justices of the Supreme Court. The key to the investigation was an unsigned memo, attributed to Supreme Court Clerk Howard Zibel, which was delivered to the Attorney General by Brock's personal lawyer. The Zibel memo detailed ethical violations by members of the Supreme Court witnessed by the author; which surrounded the conduct of Justice W. Steven T. Thayer III in the Feld's Case and the appeal of Thayer v. Thayer (his own divorce) and resulted in the criminal investigation of Thayer, which resulted in Thayer resigning to avoid prosecution.

On April 9, 2000, the House voted 343 to 7 to approve HR 50 authorizing and directing the House Judiciary Committee "to investigate whether cause exists for the impeachment of David A. Brock, chief justice, and/or any other justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court" and to report to the House "such resolutions, articles of impeachment, or other recommendations that it deems proper."

The committee conducted its investigation and it proposed the House adopt HR 51, "A RESOLUTION recommending impeachment of supreme court chief justice David A. Brock," which is authored. The committee found by clear and convincing evidence that there were constitutional grounds for impeachment and subsequent removal if Brock was found to have committed all or any of the four articles of impeachment. The four articles charged Brock with:

 Maladministration or malpractice in connection with the case of Home Gas Corp. v. Strafford Fuels, Inc. and Edward C. Dupont;
 Maladministration or malpractice in connection with the case of Thayer v. Thayer by engaging in ex-parte communications;
 Knowingly testifying falsely under oath to the house judiciary committee with the intention of hindering the HR 50 investigation;
 Maladministration by permitting and overseeing a practice whereby recused and disqualified justices were enabled to comment on and influence opinions in the cases from which they were recused and disqualified.

The committee sent two resolutions to the House, HR 52 and HR 53 respectively, recommending that no article of impeachment be brought against Supreme Court justice Sherman D. Horton, Jr. or justice John T. Broderick, Jr. On July 12, 2000, the House debated the articles of impeachment against Brock. Representatives voted by simple majority, 253 to 95, to impeach Brock on all four charges and sent the case to the Senate for trial. The House voted to accept the committee's recommendation that Horton (187 to 134) and Broderick (176 to 144) not face impeachment.

The state constitution does not provide for the level of evidence required to determine whether such conduct is impeachable, or the number of votes required to convict, unlike the U.S. Constitution. The Senate conducted a three-week trial and ultimately acquitted Brock of all charges, finding the charges were not serious enough to warrant impeachment or that the evidence presented at trial was not persuasive. The Senate chose to require a two-thirds vote to convict, but let each senator to decide for themselves if the evidence rose to the level of finding Brock was "guilty" of the articles of impeachment. Fifteen senators were needed for a conviction, only seven voted to convict and fifteen voted to acquit.

Committees of the court
The court has four committees that advise it on the administration of the judicial branch: The Advisory Committee on Rules, the Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics, the Judicial Conduct Committee and Attorney Discipline System.
The Advisory Committee on Rules, made up of 14 members from the court system and public, receives and considers suggestions for changes to the rules governing the court's system.
The Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics provides advisory opinions on appropriate rules of court and statutes relating to the ethical and professional conduct of judges, and such advice would be evidence of good faith if they were to be disciplined.
The Committee on Judicial Conduct was created by the court to inquire into and investigate alleged misconduct on the part of any judge, master, referee, court stenographer or reporter, or court clerk or deputy clerk, including registers of probate and any persons performing the duties of a clerk or register. The committee consists of three judges, a clerk of court, two lawyers, and five lay persons. The committee may issue a warning, dispose of a grievance against a judge by informal agreement or adjustment, or recommend that the court impose formal discipline.
A new Attorney Discipline System went into effect on January 1, 2004, and was designed to improve the effort to protect client rights and guarantee lawyers a full and fair evaluation of complaints against them. The system is composed of the Attorney Discipline Office, a Complaint Screening Committee, Hearings Committee and Professional Conduct Committee.

Notable cases

Attorney General
Bokowsky v. State & a., 111 N.H. 57 (1971) – The New Hampshire Attorney General has authority to enter a nolle prosequi in prosecutions initiated by public officials or by private persons.

Civil rights

 In the Matter of Molly Blaisdell and Robert Blaisdell, No. 2020-0211 (2021) – The state's definition of adultery, which includes only intercourse between a married person and another person of the opposite sex, must be expanded to include same-sex intercourse in light of the legal and societal shift surrounding same-sex marriage.

Educational funding
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 138 N.H. 183 (1993) (Claremont I) – the state has a constitutional obligation to provide and pay for an adequate education for all New Hampshire children.
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 142 N.H. 462 (1997) (Claremont II) – adequate education is a fundamental right, then-current system of funding education unconstitutional, state's definition of an adequate education unconstitutional.
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 142 N.H. 737 (1998) (Claremont III) – motion to vacate the Claremont II decision because of Justice Batchelder's age.
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 143 N.H. 154 (1998) (Claremont IV) – court denies state's request for a two-year extension to comply with Claremont II's order to develop a constitutional method of funding education.
Opinion of the Justices, 142 N.H. 892 (1998) – tax abatement provisions of Governor Shaheen's ABC plan unconstitutional
Opinion of the Justices, 143 N.H. 429 (1999) –  tax plan referendum unconstitutional
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 144 N.H. 210 (1999) (Claremont V) – phase-in of statewide property tax unconstitutional
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 144 N.H. 590 (1999) (Claremont VI) – award of attorney's fees
Opinion of the Justices, 145 N.H. 474 (2000) – Fred King plan to fund part of educational adequacy unconstitutional
Claremont School Dist. v. Governor, 147 N.H. 499 (2002) (Claremont VII) – state's constitutional obligation includes standards of accountability and current state standards unconstitutional

Judicial review
Merrill v. Sherburne, 1 N.H. 204 (1819) – the Supreme Court of Judicature ruled the General Court's practice of passing bills to give people new trials in certain cases unconstitutional; the practice was common during the American Revolution, but was only done on a case-by-case basis post-Revolution.

Online publication
The Mortgage Specialists, Inc. v. Implode-Explode Heavy Industries, Inc., 160 N.H. 227 (2010) – The court found that Internet news outlets should be treated as traditional print media and receive the same legal privileges granted to journalists.

Reasonable doubt
State v. Wentworth, 118 N.H. 832 (1978) – prescribed a model charge for trial judges to instruct a jury on the issue of reasonable doubt, which was upheld by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Tsoumas v. State of New Hampshire, 611 F.2d 412 (1980).
State v. Aubert, 120 N.H. 634 (1980) – the court reversed a conviction which used an alternate reasonable doubt instruction, the court indicated that trial judges should not depart from the Wentworth instruction.

U.S. Supreme Court cases
Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire,  – the U.S. Supreme Court created the "fighting words" exception to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Sweezy v. New Hampshire,  – citing the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the affirmation of a contempt finding against a "subversive person" who refused to answer questions about his activities to the Attorney General and subsequently refused in the State Superior Court.

Notable justices
One notable alumnus of the Court is former Associate Justice Josiah Bartlett, who in addition to his service on the court was a delegate to the Continental Congress for New Hampshire, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and governor of New Hampshire.

Another was David Souter of the Supreme Court of the United States, who served on the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1983 to 1990. Souter took office on the US Supreme Court in 1990, and retired in 2009.

See also

List of New Hampshire state courts by town

References

Foster's Daily Democrat – Passing Fare: The Does don't live here anymore
2000 Impeachment Resolutions: HR 50, HR 51, HR 52, HR 53, HR 54
New Hampshire Supreme Court: About the Court
New Hampshire Supreme Court Rule 38: Code of Judicial Conduct

External links
Official website

Notes
 See

Courts and tribunals with year of establishment missing

New Hampshire Supreme Court


Tablica

Tablica jesenskog dijela prvenstva

Završna tablica sezone

Lista strijelaca 2017/18
26 Skorin Mario (5 iz kaznenog udarca) Lukavec

25 Rašić Krešimir (4 KU) Sutla

23 Aranha Pinherio Glauver - Dinamo Jakovlje, Roginić Ladislav (1 KU) Hnk Gorica

21 Štok Nikola - Laduč

19 Smolčić Veno (2 KU) Bistra

17 Vračević Ivica (9 KU) Bistra

16 Đeno Zdravko - Laduč, Presečki Ivan (2 KU) Rakovec

14 Fišter Kruno - Rugvica

12 Babić Ivan - Bistra, Kljajić Mateo (4 KU) Klas, Peršin Dominik - Lukavec, Sekulić Ivan (2 KU) Top, Šroler Martin (1 KU) HNK Gorica, Všetečka Krunoslav - Kupinec

11 Bičak Ivan - Strmec Bedenica,  Jukić Hrvoje - Dinamo Jakovlje, Spudić Juraj - HNK Gorica

10 Bedeković Željko - Strmec Bedenica, Borković Luka (3 KU) Lukavec

***napomena*** - upisani su samo strijelci od 10 golova pa prema više

2017./18.
Zagrebačka-0-JŽNL

Jedinstvena Zagrebačka ŽNL 2017./18.


Thorvald Ellegaard (Fangel, município de Odense, 7 de março de 1877 - Copenhaga, 27 de abril de 1954) foi um ciclista dinamarquês, que correu a princípios de século XX. Dedicou-se ao ciclismo em pista onde foi um dos grandes dominador mundiais em velocidade. Ganhou seis campeonatos do mundo, três campeonatos da Europa e numerosas competições. Competiu até os cinquenta anos e foi galardoado com a Ordem de Dannebrog.

Palmarés

 1898
 Campeão da Dinamarca de Velocidade
 1899
 Campeão da Dinamarca de Velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1900
 Campeão da Dinamarca de Velocidade
 1901
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Paris
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1902
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 Campeão da Europa de Velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1903
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 Campeão da Europa de Velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio do UVF
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1904
 1r ao Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1905
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1906
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Reims
 1907
 1.º no Grande Prêmio da UVF
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1908
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 Campeão da Europa de Velocidade
 1910
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1911
 Campeão do mundo de velocidade
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Paris
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga
 1912
 1.º no Grande Prêmio da UVF
 1914
 1.º no Grande Prêmio de Copenhaga

Referências

Ligações externas

 Ficha a sitiodeciclismo.net
 Ficha a cyclebase.nl
 Ficha a museociclismo.it

Ciclistas da Dinamarca
Ciclistas de pista
Campeões mundiais de ciclismo em pista

Thorvald Ellegaard


Die Zeitschrift Australian Mammalogy ist eine zoologische Fachzeitschrift, die als offizielle Zeitschrift von der Australian Mammal Society herausgegeben wird. Das Magazin erscheint seit 1972 mit der 34. Nummer im Jahr 2012, aktuell wird es zweimal im Jahr publiziert.

Vertrieben wird die Zeitschrift von dem wissenschaftlichen Verlag der Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), CSIRO publishing.

Inhalt
Die Zeitschrift deckt alle Themenbereiche der Säugetierforschung zu Säugetieren der australasiatischen und antarktischen Region ab, wobei sowohl heimische wie auch eingeführte Arten im Fokus stehen. Artikel behandeln entsprechend die Bereiche der Anatomie, Physiologie, Ökologie, Parasitologie, Fortpflanzungs- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Genetik, Molekularbiologie, Taxonomie und Evolutionsbiologie.

Die Zeitschrift wird einem Peer-Review unterzogen, Artikel können sowohl Originalergebnisse wie auch Mitteilungen über die Säugetierarten der Region beinhalten.

Weblinks
 Australian Mammalogy bei CSIRO Publishing

Einzelnachweise

Mammalogische Zeitschrift
Zeitschrift (Australien)
Ersterscheinung 1972
Englischsprachige Halbjahreszeitschrift

Australian Mammalogy


කෑගල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ බුලත්කොහුපිටිය ප්‍රාදේශිය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයට අයත් මනරම් පරිසරයක පිහිටි නගරයකි.බුලත්කොහුපිටිය නගරයේ සිට නප 13 ක දුරක් කදුහෙල් තරණය කරමින් ගිය තැන මෙම සුන්දර ප්‍රදේශය හමුවෙයි.
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන

දේදුගල


An Bromus flexuosus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Planchuelo. An Bromus flexuosus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bromus

Bromus flexuosus