National Geographic Türkiye, National Geographic dergisinin Türkçe edisyonu olarak yayımlanan aylık dergi. Dergide; coğrafya, bilim, keşif ve araştırma alanlarında içerikler bulunmaktadır. Haziran 2022 sayısıyla son kez yayımlanarak yayın hayatına veda etmiştir.

Türkiye'de 1 Nisan 2001'de News Corporation ve Doğuş Yayın Grubu bünyesinde yayınlanmaya başladı. Dergi bir yıl içinde aylık 40.000 abone ile 100.000 adetlik tiraja ulaşarak Türkiye'nin en çok satılan dergisi oldu.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Dünyanın belgeselcisi Popüler Tarih, Sayı 12, Mayıs 2001. Sayfa 82. ISSN 1302-6577

Bilim ve teknoloji dergileri
Türkiye dergileri
Türkçe dergiler
Türkiye'de yayımlanan aylık dergiler
Araştırma dergileri
Coğrafya dergileri
Doğuş Yayın Grubu
2001'de kurulan yayınlar

National Geographic Türkiye


Eressa este un gen de insecte lepidoptere din familia Arctiidae.

Specii

 Eressa affinis
 Eressa africana
 Eressa analis
 Eressa angustipenna
 Eressa annosa
 Eressa aperiens
 Eressa blanchardi
 Eressa buddha
 Eressa buruana
 Eressa catena
 Eressa catoria
 Eressa confinis
 Eressa dammermanni
 Eressa deliana
 Eressa detola
 Eressa discinota
 Eressa dohertyi
 Eressa eressoides
 Eressa ericssoni
 Eressa erythrosoma
 Eressa everetti
 Eressa finitima
 Eressa furva
 Eressa geographica
 Eressa guttulata
 Eressa hosei
 Eressa ichneumoniformis
 Eressa intensa
 Eressa javanica
 Eressa khasiana
 Eressa lasara
 Eressa lepcha
 Eressa lutulenta
 Eressa lydica
 Eressa malaccensis
 Eressa marcescens
 Eressa megalospila
 Eressa megatorna
 Eressa microchilus
 Eressa moorei
 Eressa multigutta
 Eressa musa
 Eressa naclioides
 Eressa nigra
 Eressa paurospila
 Eressa pleurosticta
 Eressa plumalis
 Eressa politula
 Eressa quinquecincta
 Eressa robusta
 Eressa rubribasis
 Eressa semifusca
 Eressa sexpuncta
 Eressa siamica
 Eressa simplex
 Eressa stenothyris
 Eressa strepsimeris
 Eressa subaurata
 Eressa sumatrona
 Eressa syntomoides
 Eressa vespa
 Eressa vespina
 Eressa vespoides
 Eressa xanthostacta
 Eressa ypleta

Referințe

Legături externe

Eressa

Eressa


Ristede løg er løg, der er friturestegt og saltede og anvendes som tilbehør. I Danmark anvendes ristede løg særligt til hotdogs og bøfsandwich samt til visse typer smørrebrød som roastbeef- og kartoffelmadder.

Ristede løg fremstilles normalt ved at skære løgene i ret små stykker, vende dem i mel og friturestege dem i en planteolie, fx palmeolie. Løgene saltes og er derpå klar til brug. De kan fremstilles i et køkken, men er desuden en meget almindelig færdigvare i fødevarebutikker.

Referencer

Grøntsagsretter

Ristede løg


El Antimaquiavelo, o Ensayo crítico sobre El príncipe de Maquiavelo, es una obra filosófica escrita por Federico II de Prusia, y prologada por Voltaire, que busca refutar las tesis defendidas por Nicolás Maquiavelo a través de una crítica capítulo a capítulo de su obra más destacada, El príncipe, ofreciendo una imagen de monarca ideal totalmente opuesta a la que propugnaban los postulados del maquiavelismo. Fue publicada por primera vez en septiembre de 1740, sólo unos meses después de que Federico fuera coronado rey de Prusia. El libro se escribió en lengua francesa, y fue editado por el filósofo Voltaire  (que además escribió su prefacio) que mantenía una estrecha amistad con el autor.

Composición y publicación
La obra, escrita en francés, se produjo en un punto de inflexión en la vida de Federico, después de su turbulenta y rebelde juventud, e inmediatamente antes de su asunción al trono de Prusia. Federico, por supuesto, había leído a Maquiavelo mucho antes; no está exactamente claro qué llamó su atención sobre este tema a fines de la década de 1730, aunque su afiliación con Voltaire y su inminente cambio de rango ciertamente contribuyeron al proyecto. Se sabe por cartas a Voltaire que Federico comenzó a reflexionar sobre el proyecto a principios de 1738; su borrador del trabajo se completó a fines de 1739.

Estructura
El libro se divide en los siguiente capítulos:

 Capítulo I: Acerca de los diferentes gobiernos y de cómo se puede llegar a ser soberano
 Capítulo II: De los Estados hereditarios
 Capítulo III: En torno a los Estados mixtos
 Capítulo IV: De cómo conservar el trono
 Capítulo V: De los Estados conquistados
 Capítulo VI: De los nuevos Estados que el príncipe adquiere por su valor y por sus propias armas
 Capítulo VII: Del gobierno de un Estado adquirido recientemente
 Capítulo VIII: Sobre los que han devenido príncipes a costa de crímenes
 Capítulo IX: Del principado civil
 Capítulo X: De las fuerzas de los Estados
 Capítulo XI: De los Estados eclesiásticos
 Capítulo XII: De las milicias
 Capítulo XIII: Acerca de las tropas auxiliares
 Capítulo XIV: De si es preciso no aplicarse sino a la guerra. Digresión sobre la caza
 Capítulo XV: Aquello que hace alabar o denigrar a los hombres y particularmente a los príncipes
 Capítulo XVI: De la liberalidad y la economía
 Capítulo XVII: De la crueldad y la clemencia, y de si vale más ser temido que amado
 Capítulo XVIII: De cómo los príncipes deben mantener su palabra
 Capítulo XIX: Cómo evitar el ser menospreciado y odiado
 Capítulo XX: Cuestiones varias de política
 Capítulo XXI: De cómo debe gobernar el príncipe para hacerse estimar
 Capítulo XXII: De los secretarios de los príncipes
 Capítulo XXIII: De cómo hay que rehuir a los aduladores
 Capítulo XXIV: Por qué los príncipes de Italia han perdido sus Estados
 Capítulo XXV: Del poder que tiene la fortuna en los asuntos del mundo y de cómo hacerle frente
 Capítulo XXVI: De las diferentes clases de negociaciones y de las razones que cabe llamar justas para hacer la guerra

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Libros de 1740
Libros de filosofía política
Obras literarias en francés
Ensayos de Alemania
Federico II el Grande
Maquiavelo

Antimaquiavelo


Old Fort Erie, also known as Fort Erie, or the Fort Erie National Historic Site of Canada, was the first British fort to be constructed as part of a network developed after the Seven Years' War (known as "the French and Indian War" in the colonies) was concluded by the Treaty of Paris (1763), at which time France ceded its territories east of the Mississippi River (all of New France) to Great Britain. The installation is located on the southern edge of what is now the Town of Fort Erie, Ontario, directly across the Niagara River from Buffalo, New York, United States.

The fort and surrounding battlefield are owned and operated by the Niagara Parks Commission, a self-funded agency of the Ontario provincial government.

History
The British established control of their new territory by occupying the French forts and by constructing a line of communications along the Niagara River and Upper Great Lakes. The original fort, built in 1764, was located on the Niagara River's edge below the present fort (parking lot on Lakeshore Road). It served as a supply depot and a port for ships transporting merchandise, troops and passengers via Lake Erie to the Upper Great Lakes. In 1795, the fort consisted of some wooden blockhouses surrounded by a wooden palisade (dropped from the plan was a magazine, officer's quarters, storehouses and guard house). Provisions were stored inside the fort, and just outside was a large wooden magazine (original plans were to have it built inside the fort), as well as houses for workmen. The fort was damaged by winter storms and in 1803, plans were made for a new fort on the higher ground behind the original. It was larger and made of flintstone but was not quite finished at the start of the War of 1812.

The fort served as a supply base for British troops, United Empire Loyalists Rangers, and allied Iroquois warriors during the American Revolution. The little fort at the water's edge suffered considerable damage due to continuous winter storms. In 1803, planning was authorized for a new Fort Erie on the heights behind the original post. The new fort was made more formidable as it was  constructed of the Onondaga flintstone that was readily available in the area.

War of 1812 (1812–1815)

Fort Erie was the site of the bloodiest battles during the War of 1812. This new fort was unfinished when the United States declared war on June 18, 1812. Part of the garrison of Fort Erie fought at the Battle of Frenchman's Creek against an American attack in November 1812. In 1813, Fort Erie was held for a period by U.S. forces and then abandoned on June 9, 1813. The fort had been partially dismantled by the small garrison of British troops and Canadian Militia as they withdrew.

British reoccupation followed American withdrawal from the area in December 1813. The British attempted to rebuild the fort. On July 3, 1814 another American force landed nearby and again captured Fort Erie. The U.S. Army used the fort as a supply base and expanded its size, adding to defensive fortifications. At the end of July, after the Battles of Chippawa and Lundy's Lane, the American army withdrew to Fort Erie. They were besieged by the British for an extended period. In the early hours of August 15, 1814, the British launched a four-pronged attack against the fortifications. A well-prepared American defence and an explosion in the North East Bastion destroyed the British chance for success, and they lost more than 1,000 of their men.

An American sortie on September 17 captured two of the British batteries and the American troops were able to spike the guns in one of them before being driven back to the fort.  In the American sortie, NY Militia Brigadier General Davis died at the front of his column. Colonel Gibson was cut down as well. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Eleazer D. Wood was also killed leading this sortie.  Shortly afterward, the British lifted the siege and retired to positions to the north at Chippawa. After an unsuccessful American attack at Cook's Mills, west of Chippawa, news reached the American forces that the eastern seaboard of the U.S. was under attack. On November 5, 1814, with winter approaching, the Americans destroyed the fort and withdrew to Buffalo.

Mid-19th century (1814–1866)
The Treaty of Ghent was signed December 24, 1814, ending the War of 1812. Fearing further American attacks, the British continued to occupy the ruined fort until 1823. Some of the stones from the fort were incorporated into the construction of St. Paul's Anglican Church in 1824. It was rebuilt after fire and explosion in 1892. Today the church is adjacent to the later constructed Niagara Parkway  north of the fort.

The town of Fort Erie began to develop north of the fort when a rail terminus and station were constructed to the area.

Fenian Raids (1866)

The Fenians, Irish-American veterans of the American Civil War demanding independence from Britain for Ireland, mounted several raids on Upper Canada. One was quite large, attacking Fort Erie on June 1, 1866 after crossing the Niagara River with a large force of 1,000 to 1500 men (depending on the source of the report). The Fenians occupied the town and demanded food and horses. The only payment they could offer were Fenian bonds, which the townspeople would not accept. The Fenians cut the telegraph wires and tore up some railway tracks.

Afterwards, they marched to Chippewa and the next day to Ridgeway, where they fought the Battle of Ridgeway, a series of skirmishes with the Canadian militia. The Fenians returned to Fort Erie, where they defeated a small force of the Canadian militia.

Unable to get reinforcements from across the river, which was guarded by the Americans, and worried about the large force of British and militia that was approaching, the Fenian commander decided to retreat to the US. Some of his troops deserted. Approximately 850 surrendered to forces of the American navy. This was the last notable Fenian raid on Upper Canada.

Recent history (1866–present)
The fort lay vacant with old parts of the barracks, walls and mill still standing. It was eventually settled by military pensioners and others until it was sold to the Niagara Parks Commission in 1901.

The reconstruction of the fort was started in 1937 (featuring only the walls and two barracks). The reconstruction was jointly sponsored by the Provincial and Federal governments and the Niagara Parks Commission, and was a way to invest in a long term project while providing employment during the Depression. The fort was restored to the 1812-1814 period and officially reopened on July 1, 1939. During the restoration, a mass grave of 150 British and 3 American soldiers was uncovered. A monument was erected at this site, in the ruins, in 1904.

The Niagara Parkway was constructed starting at Fort Erie and continues  north to Lake Ontario. Sir Winston Churchill was quoted saying that the parkway was "the prettiest Sunday drive in the world." Each year, during the second weekend of August, hundreds of historical re-enactment enthusiasts come together to re-enact the siege of Fort Erie.

On June 28, 1985 Canada Post issued 'Fort Erie, Ont.' one of the 20 stamps in the "Forts Across Canada Series" (1983 & 1985). The stamps are perforated 12½ x 13 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited based on the designs by Rolf P. Harder.

Affiliations
The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

See also
 Fort George
 Fort Meigs
 Fort Mississauga
 List of forts

References

Further reading
 Whitehorne, Joseph, W.A., While Washington Burned: The Battle for Fort Erie, 1814, 1992, reprint 2006, The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, Charleston, South Carolina.
 "Historic Fort Erie" brochure, The Niagara Parks Commission, 1991.

External links

 Old Fort Erie - Niagara Parks
 Town of Fort Erie
 Images from the Historic Niagara Digital Collections at the Niagara Falls Public Library
 We Are Fort Erie

History museums in Ontario
Forts in Ontario
War of 1812 forts
Fort Erie, Ontario
National Historic Sites in Ontario
Fort Erie
Fort Erie
Fort Erie
Fort Erie
War of 1812 National Historic Sites of Canada
1764 establishments in the British Empire
Old Fort Erie
Military installations established in 1764
Military installations closed in 1901
Protected areas established in 1901
Installations of the British Army
Foreign military bases in Canada
Military history of the Great Lakes

Old Fort Erie


Kara Wang, née le , est une actrice sino-américaine. Elle est connue pour ses rôles dans les séries télévisées The Power Couple, Good Trouble et Goliath.

Filmographie

Cinéma

 2011 : Megan Is Missing : Kathy
 2012 : Shanghai Calling : Esther
 2020 : The Calm Beyond : Asha
 2021 : Dinner Party : Shannon
 2022 : Top Gun : Maverick : Lieutenant Callie 'Halo' Bassett

Télévision

Séries télévisées
 2013 : The Diamond's Dream : Lin Yanrong (5 épisodes)
 2014 : No Pets or Foreigners : Lingling
 2016 : Game Shakers : Gina (2 épisodes)
 2016 : Journey to the East : Summer
 2016–2017 : Jane the Virgin : Alice Maxwell (2 épisodes)
 2019 : The Power Couple : Esther Chang (6 épisodes)
 2019–2023 : Good Trouble : Sumi (19 épisodes)
 2021 : The Rookie : le flic de Los Angeles : June Zhang
 2021 : Goliath : Lisa (4 épisodes)

Téléfilms

 2022 : Christmas at the Golden Dragon : Romy Chen

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice américaine du XXIe siècle

Kara Wang


Airbrush (havalı püskürtme), en genel anlamda bir resim tekniğidir. Püskürtme prensibi yani airbrush yeni bir buluş değildir; aksine, insanlık tarihi kadar eski olduğu bile söylenebilir. Çalışmalar, mağara dönemine ait negatif el çizimlerinin de benzer bir tekniğin ürünleri olduğunu gösterir. Bu çizimlerin, kayanın üzerine konan elin çevresine içi boş bir kemik yardımıyla boya püskürtülmesi ve böylece elin altında kalan boyasız bölümün el figürünü almasıyla ortaya çıktığı sanılmaktadır.

Günümüzde kullanılan airbrush'a benzeyen ilk aletin patenti 1800'lü yılların başında Charles Burdick tarafından alınmıştır.

Resim teknikleri
Resim malzemeleri
Pnömatik
Fotoğrafçılık teknikleri

Airbrush


23628 Ichimura este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
23628 Ichimura este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Chichibu de Naoto Satō. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,22 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 7,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 23001-24000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

23628 Ichimura


NASCAR Whelen Euro Series (NWES), neslužbeno poznat kao EuroNASCAR jedna je od tri NASCAR-ove međunarodno-sankcionirane serije, uz kanadsku i meksičku seriju.

Zbog epidemiološke situacije i restrikcija uzrokovanih pandemijom covida-19, Hrvatska je zamijenila treću utrku prvenstva NWES koja se istoga datuma trebala održati u Češkoj. Prema izjavama predsjednik HAKS-a Davorina Štetnera pomno su pratili situaciju s Covidom-19 te reagirali u ključnom trenutku. Što se tiče predsjednika NWES-a Jerome Galpin, on smatra hrvatsku obalu u ovo doba godine prekrasnom, Rijeku savršenom lokacijom, a grobničku pistu brzom i tehnički zahtjevnom. Oduševljeni su što nude novi izazov vozačima NWES-a.

Automotodrom Grobnik je 17. staza na europskom tlu na kojoj se vozila europska serija NASCAR automobila, a Hrvatska 9. europska zemlja.

Niko Pulić je nastupio na izdanju utrke 2020. godine (u kategoriji Elite 1) kao prvi hrvatski automobilist u konkurenciji NASCAR-a.

Pet dana nakon održane utrke službeno je Hrvatska stavljena u kalendar utrka za 2021. godinu, a HAKS i Automotodrom Grobnik dobili su NWES utrku za sljedeće tri godine plus dvije godine.

Izdanja
Kazalo:

Elite 1 / EuroNASCAR PRO (ENPRO)

Gianmarco Ercoli je 2021. originalno pobijedio u prvoj utrci, ali mu je pobjeda oduzeta nakon utrke kada je dobio 10-sekundnu kaznu zbog kršenja startne procedure te je na kraju završio 10.

Elite 2 / EuroNASCAR 2 (EN2)

Statistika (2022.)

Vanjske poveznice
EuroNASCAR

Vidi
Hrvatski auto i karting savez

Izvori

Šport u Rijeci
Automobilizam u Hrvatskoj
Međunarodna automobilistička natjecanja u Hrvatskoj

NASCAR GP Hrvatska


La lord presidenta del Consejo () es la cuarta de los grandes oficiales de Estado, después del lord tesorero y antes del lord del Sello Privado. La Lord Presidenta del Consejo es la encargada de presidir sobre las reuniones del Consejo Privado, en la práctica el Gabinete del Gobierno del Reino Unido, además de presentar al Rey las deliberaciones realizadas por el Consejo. El cargo lo ocupa, desde septiembre de 2022, Penny Mordaunt.

En la práctica, el puesto es considerado como un cargo de confianza, otorgado a miembros de alguna de las dos Cámaras, que, por convención, no ocupan un puesto ejecutivo en el Gabinete, pero que el Primer Ministro desea que asistan a las reuniones por su relevancia.

Historia del cargo
El Consejo Privado se reúne una vez al mes, sin importar la ubicación del Soberano en ese momento, para dar una aprobación formal a las Órdenes en el Consejo. Solo unos pocos consejeros privados necesitan asistir a tales reuniones, y únicamente están capacitados para hacerlo a petición del Gobierno y de su Primer Ministro. Debido a que los deberes del Lord Presidente no son onerosos, el cargo normalmente ha sido entregado a personas que no ocuparen posiciones ejecutivas o de mando. A lo largo de las últimas décadas, se ha hecho común que el cargo de Lord Presidente del Consejo sea ocupado por el Líder del Partido que ocupa Downing Street, en la Cámara de los Comunes o en la de los Lores.

A diferencia de algunos de los otros Grandes Oficiales de Estado, la oficina del Lord Presidente no tiene una gran antigüedad, ya que el primer nombramiento para la oficina fue el del duque de Suffolk en 1529. Antes de 1679, hubo varios períodos en los que la oficina quedó vacante.

En el , el Lord Presidente era generalmente el miembro del gabinete responsable del sistema educativo, entre otras funciones. Este rol se redujo gradualmente a fines del  y principios del , pero aún quedan algunos restos, como la supervisión de la gobernanza de varias universidades.

En tiempos de gobierno nacional o de coalición, el cargo de Lord President ha estado a veces en manos del líder de un partido minoritario (por ejemplo, Baldwin 1931-1935, MacDonald 1935-1937, Attlee 1943-1945, Clegg 2010-2015).

A su vez, el Lord Presidente del Consejo desempeñó un papel particularmente vital durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, al formar un comité que actuó como centro de intercambio de información que se ocupó de los problemas económicos del país. Esto fue vital para el buen funcionamiento de la economía de guerra británica y, en consecuencia, todo el esfuerzo de guerra británico.

Winston Churchill, creyendo claramente que esta función de coordinación durante el tiempo de guerra era beneficiosa, introdujo un sistema similar pero ampliado en los primeros años de su liderazgo en la posguerra. Los llamados 'ministros superiores' incluían a Frederick Leathers como 'Secretario de Estado para la Coordinación de Transporte y Combustibles' y Frederick Marquis,  Barón Woolton como Lord Presidente. El trabajo de Woolton era coordinar los entonces ministerios separados de agricultura y alimentación. El historiador Peter Hennessy cita en una tesis doctoral de Michael Kandiah que Woolton fue "posiblemente el más exitoso de los Grandes Oficiales" en parte porque sus ministerios estaban bastante relacionados. De hecho, se fusionaron en 1955 como el Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación.

En varias ocasiones desde 1954, los ministros no británicos han servido brevemente como Lord Presidentes interinos del Consejo, únicamente para presidir una reunión del Consejo Privado celebrada en un reino de la Commonwealth.</ref> Ejemplos de esta práctica son las reuniones en Nueva Zelanda en 1990 y 1995, cuando Geoffrey Palmer y James Bolger, respectivamente, eran los Lores Presidentes interinos.

Antes de las elecciones generales del Reino Unido del 2010, el Lord Presidente era Peter Mandelson, quien también fue Primer Secretario de Estado y Secretario de Estado de Negocios, Innovación y Habilidades. Esta fue la primera vez que el Lord Presidente no era el líder de una de las dos Cámaras desde el período del 20 de octubre de 1963 al 16 de octubre de 1964, cuando Quintin Hogg, después de renunciar a su puesto como líder de la Cámara de los Lores, ocupó el cargo junto con las oficinas del Ministro de Deportes y, desde el 1 de abril de 1964, también del Secretario de Estado para la Educación y la Ciencia.

Referencias

Política de Reino Unido

Lord presidente del Consejo


නැකාඩා III යනුවෙන් හඳුන්වන්නේ පුරාතන ඊජිප්තු ප්‍රාග් ඉතිහාසයේ නැකාඩා සංස්කෘතියේ අවසන් අවධියයි. මෙය දළ වශයෙන් ක්‍රි.පූ. 3200 සිට 3000 දක්වා කාලයේ පැතිර පවතින්නට ඇතැයි අනුමාන කෙරේ. මෙම යුගයේ නැකාඩා II යුගයේ ආරම්භ වූ රාජ්‍ය සංවිධානය, පැහැදිළිව දෘශ්‍යමාන වන්නට විය. එසේම බලවත් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රමයක් පිහිටුවූ රජුන්ගේ නම් ද මෙම යුගයේ හමු වේ. නැකාඩා III යුගය බොහෝ අවස්ථාවන්හි රාජවංශය 0 හෙවත් ප්‍රාක්රාජවංශික යුගය ලෙස හඳුන්වන අතර, මේ යුගයේ බලවත් රාජ්‍යවල රජවරුන් සිටිය ද, එම රජවරුන් රාජවංශයක කොටසක් යැයි නොසැලකේ. ඔවුන් එකිනෙකා අතර දැඩි තරගයක නියුතු වූවෝ වෙති. මෙම යුගයේ රජුන්ගේ නම් සෙරෙඛ් ස්වරූපයෙන් විවිධ මැටි බඳුන් සහ සොහොන්ගැබ්වල කැටයම් කොට තිබේ.

පුරාතන ඊජිප්තුවේ ප්‍රාක්රාජවංශික යුගයේ සුවිශේෂි ලක්ෂණයක් ලෙස දේශපාලන ඒකාබද්ධතාවක් ඇති කිරීම සහ අවසාන වශයෙන් තනි රාජ්‍යයක් ගොඩනගා මුල්කාලීන රාජවංශික යුගයක් බිහි වීම දක්නට ලැබේ. මීට අමතරව, ඊජිප්තු භාෂාව පළමුවරට රූපාක්ෂරවලින් වාර්තා කිරීම සිදුවූයේ ද මෙම යුගයේ දී ය. ප්‍රාක්රාජවංශික යුගයේ දකුණු කනාන් ප්‍රදේශයේ ඊජිප්තු ජනාවාස පැවිත බවට ප්‍රබල පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සාක්ෂි හමුව තිබේ. මේවා ජනපද නැතහොත් වෙළඳ බිම් වශයෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැබේ.

මෙම යුගයේ හෝ ඇතැම්විට මීට පෙර යුගයක රාජ්‍යය සංවිධානය වීම ආරම්භ වූයේ යැයි සැලකේ. නයිල් අවට කුඩා නගර-රාජ්‍ය ගණනාවක් බිහි විය. ආක්‍රමණ සියවස් ගණනාවක් නිසා ඉහළ ඊජිප්තුව ප්‍රධාන රාජ්‍ය තුනකට සීමා විය. එනම්: තිනිස්, නැකාඩා, සහ නෙඛෙන් ය. තිනිස් සහ නෙඛෙන් රාජ්‍ය අතරට මැදි වූ නැකාඩාව පළමුව බිඳවැටිණි. අනතුරුව තිනිස් රාජ්‍යය පහළ ඊජිප්තුව ආක්‍රමණය කළේ ය. නෙඛෙන් සහ තිනිස් අතර සම්බන්ධතාව නිශ්චිත නැත. නමුත් මෙම රාජ්‍ය සාමකාමීව ඉස්මතු වූ බව පෙනේ. තිනීය රාජකීය පවුල මුළු ඊජිප්තුවම පාලනය කළේ ය. තිනීය රජවරුන් ඇබයිඩොස්හි උම් එල්-කාබ් සුසානයෙහි භූමදානය කෙරිණි.

බොහෝ ඊජිප්තුවේදීන් විශ්වාස කරන්නේ මෙම යුගයේ අවස්න රජු මෙන්ම පළමු රාජවංශයේ ආරම්භක රජු ද නාමර් බවයි. ඔහුට පෙර ඉහළ ඊජිප්තුවේ ඇතැම් පෙදෙස්වල ක්‍රොකඩයිල්, අයිරි-හොර්, කා සහ ඇතැම්විට ඊනියා "ද්කෝර්පියන් රජු(න්)" රාජ්‍ය කොට තිබේ. මෙම ස්කෝර්පියන් යන වදන වෙනත් දෙවිවරුන් සහ පාලකයන්ගේ ආරක්ෂකයකු යැයි සැලකුණු සර්කෙට් දෙවඟනගේ නාමයෙන් පැනනැගුණක් විය හැක.

නැකාඩා III සංස්කෘතිය මුළු ඊජිප්තුව පුරාම ව්‍යාප්ත වූ අතර, පහත අංගවල ආරම්භකයා ලෙස එය සැලකේ:
පළමු රූපාක්ෂර
ඵලක මත පළමු සටහන් නිරූපණය
පළමු විධිමත් සෙරෙඛ් භාවිතය
පළමු සත්‍ය රාජකීය සුසානයන්
බොහෝවිට වාරිසම්පාදනයේ පළමු උදාහරණය
යාත්‍රා ගමනාගමනයේ නිපදවීම (වසර 2,000කට පෙර පර්සියානු බොක්කේ එහි මුල් නිපදවීමෙන් ස්වායත්තව)

මූලාශ්‍ර

වැඩිදුර කියවීමට

බාහිර සබැඳි

 http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/hdyn00.htm
 .

ප්‍රාග්රාජවංශික ඊජිප්තුව
ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන සහස්‍රකයේ අප්‍රිකාවේ පිහිටුවීම්
ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන සහස්‍රකයේ අප්‍රිකාවේ අවලංගු කිරීම්

නැකාඩා III


Merrily We Roll Along (litt. en anglais « nous roulons gaiement ») peut faire référence à :
 Merrily We Roll Along, pièce de théâtre  de George S. Kaufman et Moss Hart créée en 1934 ;
 Merrily We Roll Along, chanson de Charles Tobias, Murray Mencher et Eddie Cantor créée en 1935 et devenue le générique de la série de dessins animés Merrie Melodies produits par Warner Bros. ;
 Merrily We Roll Along, comédie musicale de Stephen Sondheim et George Furth, adaptée de la pièce de George S. Kaufman et créée en 1981 ;
 Merrily We Roll Along, film musical américain de Richard Linklater, adapté de la comédie musicale précédente et prévu pour 2022.

Divers
 Goodnight, Ladies, chanson folklorique ayant inspiré la chanson de 1935.

Merrily We Roll Along


Ovacık, Samsun ilinin Vezirköprü ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin tarihi; Ovacıkmahallesi kurulmadan önce tarihte ermenilerin yaşadıgına dair rivayetler mevcut, ihtiyar grubunun bilgilerine göre bundan önce kıran köy diye bir köy varmış ve bu mahallenin birde eski mezarlık diye bilinen bir mezarlıgı var. Kıranmahallenin ücyüz metre uzagındada dede mezarlıgı var mahallenin tarihi bu gecmiş tarihten bulunur. Arkeolojik araştırmalar ile daha iyi neticeler alınabilir.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 125 km, Vezirköprü ilçesine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Vezirköprü'nün mahalleleri

Ovacık, Vezirköprü


Til næste sommer er en børnefilm instrueret af Karen Balle efter manuskript af Karen Balle.

Handling
Strandturen er kedelig, og Katrine (10 år) kan ikke få tiden til at gå. Da hun endelig skal hjem, sker der noget - og måske kommer hun aldrig tilbage.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2005

Børnefilm fra Danmark

Til næste sommer


Cermen dilleri, Hint-Avrupa dil ailesine bağlı bir alt ailedir. Batı, doğu ve kuzey olmak üzere üç alt kola sahiptir; Almanca, Felemenkçe, İngilizce gibi diller batı koluna, İskandinav dilleri kuzey koluna, Gotça gibi diller ise günümüzde ölü olan doğu koluna aittir. Tüm Cermen dilleri Proto Cermence adlı proto dilden türemiştir.

Aile, coğrafi açıdan Batı ve Kuzey Avrupa'daki ülkelerde konuşulan dillerin birçoğunu kapsar. Cermen dilleri, Avrupa dışında; ABD, Kanada, Güney Afrika, Karayipler, Surinam, Avustralya, Yeni Zelanda'da da ana dil olarak konuşulmaktadır ve yaklaşık 550 milyon ana dil konuşura sahiptir. İkinci dil olarak lingua franca statüsündeki İngilizce vasıtasıyla Asya, Afrika ve diğer bölgelerde de konuşulmaktadır.

Çağdaş Cermen dilleri
Ethnologue'a göre yaşayan 48 Cermen dili vardır, bunlardan 41'i batı, 6'sı kuzey koluna aittir (Hunsrik dili sınıflandırılmamıştır.). Çağdaş Cermen dillerinin büyük bir kısmı Kuzey ve Batı Avrupa'da konuşulmaktadır. Aşağıda bu dillerden bazıları listelenmiştir.

 Afrikaans
 Almanca
 Danca
 Faroece
 Felemenkçe
 Frizce
 İngilizce
 İsveççe
 İzlandaca
 Limburgca
 Lüksemburgca
 Norveççe
 Pensilvanya Almancası
 Scots
 Yidiş

Dil bilgisi
Bu diller genellikle bükümlüdür. Yani kendi içinde sözcük değişime uğrayarak çekilir. Mesela İngilizce "drink-drank-drunk" (Almanca "trinken-trank-getrunken")'ta olduğu gibi. Genellikle cümle yapısı özne + yüklem + tümleç şeklindedir.

Cermen dilleri aile tablosu

Dil karşılaştırması

Kaynakça

Cermen dilleri


Rețele de utilități

Rețeaua este un ansamblu de ramificații prin care se distribuie consumatorilor dintr-o localitate apa, gazele, electricitatea, transportul. Dezvoltarea unei localitati depinde si de retelele de utilitati existente: de apa, de canalizare, de gaze, energetica. Reteaua de utilitati cuprinde:
rețeaua de apă
rețeaua de canalizare
rețeaua de gaze
rețeaua energetică
Reteaua de apa este folosita pentru alimentarea cu apa potabila a populatiei, pentru industrie, pentru agricultura ; apa poate fi captata din diverse surse in functie de zona geografica a localitatii, apa captată prin țevi din sursele de apă trebuie tratată și filtrată printr-o stație de tratare – pentru a deveni potabilă.
Nevoile de apa ale unei localitati sunt urmatoarele: gospodaresti, pentru industrie , pentru institutiile publice si pentru stingerea incendiilor. O problema importanta astazi este faptul ca resursele de apa sunt inscadere si gradul de poluare este tot mai accentuat. Pentru a impiedica risipa de apa dar si pentru imbunatatirea calitatii ei. Este necesar ca fiecare dintre noi sa se implice pentu a nu mai risipi apa.
Reteaua de canalizare se foloseste pentru a colecta apele meteorice si apele uzate;apele meteorice provin din precipitatile care cad sub forma de ploaie si zapada si se indeparteaza prin colectoare ; apa folosita de oameni in diverse scopuri se transforma in apa uzata iar dupa provenienta pot fi menajere (rezultate din activitatea zilnica a oamenilor in locuinte si locuri publice),industriale (care provin din diverse procedee tehnologice),ape agrozootehnice(legate de cresterea si ingrijirea materialelor).Reteaua de canalizare este alcatuita din totalitatea canalelor, conductelor si gurilor de scurgere care preiau apele uzate si meteorice; acestea sunt dirijate spre instalatia de epurare,care are rolul de a reduce impuritatile din ele.
Reteaua de gaze gazul combustibil se obtine din zacaminte de gaz si este extras cu ajutorul sondelor gaz; gazul este tratat cu substante odorizante in instalatii speciale; gazul este transportat prin conducte (aerian,subteran) catre localitate; atunci cand ajunge in localitate gazul este preluat printr-o statie de reglare-masurare, unde se regleaza presiunea pana la valoarea la care poate fi folosita; de aici gazul este trimis printr-o retea de conducte spre consumatori, aceasta retea avand rolul de a asigura alimentarea cladirilor cu gaze combustibile pentru incalzire, prepararea apei calde, scopuri menajere si diferite ramuri industriale;

Sistemul energetic reprezintă complexul tuturor instalațiilor în care se produce. se transforma și se consumă energia sub diferitele ei forme; energia este utilizată de om aproape în toate domeniile de activitate: industrie, construcții, transporturi si telecomunicații; centralele electrice pot fi: conveționale (termocentrale si hidrocentrale) sineconvenționale (eoliene si solare). Termocentralele: folosesc căldura obținută prin arderea combustibililor (cărbuni, petrol, gaze); aceasta caldură încălzește apa la temperatura ridicată, o transforma în abur care pune în miscare paletele unei turbine și astfel energia produsă de palete este transformată în energie electrică. Hidrocentralele: au în construcție niște turbine, a căror palete sunt puse în mișcare prin căderea apei strânsă în bazine mari, numite lacuri de acumulare; astfel forța apei este transformată în energie electrică. Centralele eoliene: sunt folosite cu precădere în zonele unde bat des vânturile, locuri unde s-au construit mori de vânt care captează și transformă această energie în energie electrică. Centralele solare: folosesc pentru producerea energiei electrice căldura solara; astfel un sistem de panouri captează energia luminoasă și o transformă în electricitate. În localitățile în care industria are funcție dominantă, aceasta este și cel mai mare nconsumator de energie electrică.
Tehnologie

Rețele de utilități


Friedrich August Wittig (født 23. marts 1826 i Meissen, død 20. februar 1893 i Düsseldorf) var en tysk billedhugger.

Wittig var fra 1843 elev af Ernst Rietschel i Dresden og fra 1864 professor ved Düsseldorfs Akademi. Til hans mest kendte værker, der har udpræget klassisk holdning, hører relieffet Kristi gravlæggelse (1856—57) (på alteret i Dönhofstädts kapel i Østpreussen), marmorgruppen Hagar og Ismael (1853—54, gips, Leipzigs Museum, marmor 1871 i Berlins Nationalgalleri), Jæger (1852), statuen af Asmus Carstens til søjlehallen i Berlins Altes Museum (1871), kolossalbuster af Wilhelm von Schadow (1869, Düsseldorf) og Peter von Cornelius (1875, Berlins Nationalgalleri, der også ejer to karyatider af Wittig, 1881) m. v.

Kilder

Billedhuggere fra Tyskland
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Sachsen

August Wittig


Affaldshenkastning ("littering" ) i USA er et miljøproblem, og betragtes ofte en kriminel handling, der kan straffes med bøde. Affaldslove, håndhævelsestiltag og retsforfølgelse anvendes for at modvirke og indskrænke problemet. Alle disse elementer er en del af en "omfattende reaktion på miljøsyndere, skriver Epstein og Hammett, forskere ved USAs justitsministerium. De henkastnings- og dumping-love, der findes i alle halvtreds stater i USA, har forrang ift mere lokale regler til at regulere overtrædelser, og fungerer ud fra principper om offentlig sikkerhed snarere end æstetik. Disse statslige love definerer, hvem overtræderne er, typen eller karakteren på den person begår handlingen, og hvilke elementer der skal være opfyldt for at der er tale om en ulovlig handling. Kommunale regler såvel som  statslige love forudsætter at der ligger en "menneskelig handling"  til grund, for at der er tale om ulovlig henkastning, der kan medføre strafansvar. De fleste stater kræver at det er myndighedspersoner eller særligt autoriserede personer, der bevidner den ulovlige handling og anmelder denne. Retsforfølgelse og bødestraf er vigtige elementer i bekæmpelsen af ulovlig henkastning og dumpning.

En betydelig affaldsmængde langs vejene i USA tilskrives anvendelsen af køretøjer, der ikke sikrer mod at der falder effekter af under kørslen.

En landsdækkende undersøgelse blandt amerikanske anklagere bemærkede at den vigtigste faktor i forhold til at retsforfølge en overtrædelse var "graden af skaden" og "den kriminelle hensigt" hos gerningsmanden. Bøder er den oftest anvendte sanktion. De fleste sager afgøres udenretsligt. For små forseelser udmåles oftest bøder eller samfundstjeneste, hvor der skal samles affald. Fængselsstraf er sjælden.

Eksempler er Californien, hvor straffen ved førstegangsforseelser starter ved 100 USD og otte timers samfundstjeneste med affaldsindsamling langs veje. Fra den tredje overtrædelse straffes med minimum en bøde på 750 USD og 24 timers affaldsindsamling (pr. forseelse).

I Idaho idømmes overtræderne bøder op til 180 USD og samfundstjeneste med affaldsindsamling i et udpeget område.

I staten Washington kan henkastning af (især tændte) cigaretskodder koste bødestraf op til 1.025 USD. Staten er plaget af mange skovbrande. Nationale statistikker har påvist, at der i gennemsnit er ca. 160 kg affald pr. mile, inkl. ca 3000 cigaretskodder.

I staten Oregon kan henkastning af tændte cigaretter eller andre tobaksprodukter straffes med bøde op til 2.500 USD og op til fem års fængsel. Der er tillige straf for at forurene i vand, ved veje og anden ejendom med maksimale bøder på op til 6.250 USD og 10 års fængsel.

Referencer

Eksterne links
 Keep America Beautiful
USA's retsvæsen

Affaldshenkastning i USA


المكتبة البريطانية  هي المكتبة الوطنية للمملكة المتحدة ومقرها لندن، وهي إحدى أهم مراكز البحث المكتبية في العالم حيث أنها إحدى أكبر المكتبات في العالم من حيث حجم محتوياتها. تضم المكتبة نحو 150 مليون عنصر من كل بقاع العالم وبمختلف اللغات وبأشكال مختلفة، سواء المطبوعة أو الرقمية، مثل الكتب والمخطوطات والرسومات والمجلات والجرائد والتسجيلات الصوتية والتسجيلات الموسيقية والفيديوهات وبراءات الاختراع والخرائط والطوابع وقواعد البيانات وغيرها.

من بين محتويات المكتبة هناك نحو 14 مليون كتاب (لا يفوقها في ذلك سوى مكتبة الكونغرس في الولايات المتحدة)، وكميات ضخمة من المخطوطات والعناصر التاريخية يعود أقدمها إلى 2000 سنة قبل الميلاد.

ونتيجة كونها مكتبة إيداع القانوني ، تتلقى المكتبة البريطانية نسخ من كل الكتب التي تنتج في المملكة المتحدة وأيرلندا، بما في ذلك نسبة كبيرة من العناوين في الخارج موزعة في المملكة المتحدة. كما أن لديها برنامجا لعمليات الاستحواذ المحتوى. ويضيف المكتبة البريطانية نحو ثلاثة ملايين بنود كل عام وتشغل  من مساحة الأرفف الجديدة.

المكتبة هي هيئة عامة غير تابعة للإدارات برعاية وزارة الثقافة والإعلام والرياضة. وهي تقع على الجانب الشمالي من شارع يوستن في سانت بانكراس في لندن (ما بين محطة يوستن ومحطة السكك الحديدية سانت بانكراس)، وتضم مركزا لتخزين الوثائق وغرفة للقراءة قرب بوسطن سبا، شرق يذرباي في يوركشاير الغربية.

كان جزءا من مكتبة أصلا قسم من المتحف البريطاني ومن منتصف القرن 19 احتلت غرفة القراءة مستديرة الشهيرة . أصبحت منفصلة قانونا في عام 1973، وبحلول عام 1997 كانت قد انتقلت إلى مبناها الجديد بنيت لهذا الغرض في سانت بانكراس في لندن.

خلفية تاريخية
تم إنشاء المكتبة البريطانية في 1 يوليو 1973 م نتيجة لقانون المكتبات البريطانية لعام 1972 . وقبل ذلك، كانت المكتبة الوطنية جزءا من المتحف البريطاني، التي وفرت الجزء الأكبر من حيازات المكتبة الجديدة، جنبا إلى جنب مع المنظمات الأصغر حجما التي كانت مطوية في (مثل المكتبة المركزية الوطنية، و مكتبة الإقراض الوطنية للعلوم والتكنولوجيا والمراجع القومي البريطاني). في عام 1974 وظائف تمارس سابقا من قبل مكتب المعلومات العلمية والتقنية تم الاستيلاء عليها. أصبح مكتبة المكتب والسجلات الهندية وHMSO ورش التجليد في عام 1982أصبحت من مسؤوليات المكتبة البريطانية. في عام 1983، استوعبت مكتبة أرشيف الصوت الوطني، والذي يحمل العديد من التسجيلات الصوتية والفيديو، مع أكثر من مليون قرص والآلاف من الأشرطة.

انظر أيضاً

 مكتبة فرنسا الوطنية
 مكتبة ألمانيا الوطنية
 مكتبة الكونغرس
 المكتبة المجانية الصغيرة

مراجع

مواقع خارجية

 موقع المكتبة
 المكتبة البريطانية تنشر نصف مليون وثيقة عن تاريخ المنطقة العربية على الإنترنت

أرشيفات في لندن
المتحف البريطاني
تأسيسات سنة 1973 في المملكة المتحدة
جمعيات خيرية مقرها في لندن
مبان حكومية في إنجلترا
مبان ومنشآت اكتملت في 1997
مكتبات إيداع
مكتبات أسست في 1973
مكتبات في إنجلترا
مكتبات في لندن
مكتبات وطنية
مبان مكتبات اكتملت في 1997

المكتبة البريطانية


Interventionisme er en ikke-defensiv (proaktiv) politik iværksat af en nation eller andre geopolitisk retsområder af større eller mindre karakter, for at manipulere økonomi og/eller samfund. De mest almindelige brug af begrebet er for økonomisk interventionisme (en stats intervention i dens egen økonomi), og udenlandsk interventionisme (en stats intervention i en anden nations anliggende som en del af deres udenrigspolitik).

Referencer

International politik

Interventionisme


An Platanthera cumminsiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni George King ngan Robert Pantling, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jany Renz. An Platanthera cumminsiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platanthera

Platanthera cumminsiana


El Palacio de la Nación (Francés: Palais de la Nation) es un edificio histórico situado en el distrito de La Gombe de la ciudad de Kinsasa, inspirado en el Castillo Real de Laeken y concebido originalmente como residencia del gobernador general del Congo Belga.

Fue sede del primer parlamento congoleño, cuando, el 30 de junio de 1960 se celebró la proclamación de la independencia del Congo Belga. En presencia del rey Balduino I de Bélgica, el primer ministro Patrice Lumumba denunció las atrocidades del gobierno colonial belga, después de que el rey de los belgas alabara el desarrollo propiciado por el colonialismo, así como el "genio" de su tío-bisabuelo Leopoldo II de Bélgica. El parlamento se trasladó en época de Mobutu Sese Seko al Palacio del Pueblo, construido a finales de los 70 por la República Popular China, y donde aún reside actualmente.

Debido a su pasado colonial, Mobutu residió en el Palacio del monte Ngaliema y Laurent-Désiré Kabila en el Palacio de Mármol, donde fue asesinado.

Desde 2001, acoge la sede central de la Presidencia de la República Democrática del Congo y la residencia oficial del Presidente y su familia. En 2002 Joseph Kabila concluyó frente al palacio el Mausoelo de Laurent-Désiré Kabila, que ocupa el lugar de la antigua estatua ecuestre en honor de Leopoldo II, retirada por Mobutu a comienzos de los 70.

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial de la Presidencia de la República Democrática del Congo (en francés)

Palacios de Gobierno

Palacio de la Nación (Kinsasa)


William Ellsworth "Dummy" Hoy (May 23, 1862 – December 15, 1961) was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for several teams from 1888 to 1902, most notably the Cincinnati Reds and two Washington, D.C. franchises.

Hoy is the most accomplished deaf player in MLB history, and is credited by some sources with causing the establishment of signals for safe and out calls. He held the MLB record for games in center field (1,726) from 1889 to 1902, set records for career putouts (3,958) and total chances (4,625) as an outfielder, and retired among the leaders in outfield games (2nd; 1,795), assists (7th; 273), and double plays (3rd; 72).

He was an excellent baserunner, scoring over 100 runs nine times, and often finishing among the top base stealers.  He is one of only 29 players to have played in four different Major Leagues.  His 1,006 career walks put him second in MLB history behind Billy Hamilton when he retired. He ended his career ranking eighth in career games played (1,796).

Career

Born in the small town of Houcktown, Ohio, Hoy became deaf after meningitis at age three. He graduated from the Ohio State School for the Deaf in Columbus as class valedictorian. He opened a shoe repair store in his hometown and played baseball on weekends, earning a professional contract in  with an Oshkosh, Wisconsin, team which was managed by Frank Selee in 1887. In 1888, with the Washington Nationals of the National League, Hoy became the third deaf player in the major leagues, after pitcher Ed Dundon and pitcher Tom Lynch. In his rookie year he led the league in stolen bases (although the statistic was defined differently prior to 1898), and also finished second with 69 walks while batting .274. At 5'4" and batting left-handed, he was able to gain numerous walks with a small strike zone, leading the league twice and compiling a .386 career on-base percentage.

Hoy's speed was a great advantage in the outfield, and he was able to play shallow as a result. On June 19, 1889, he set an MLB record (which has since been tied twice) by throwing out three runners at home plate in one game, with catcher Connie Mack recording the outs. In 1890, he and Mack joined the Buffalo Bisons of the Players' League. In  Hoy returned to the AA with the St. Louis Browns under player-manager Charles Comiskey for the league's final season, leading the league with 119 walks and scoring a career-high 136 runs, second in the league. He returned to Washington for two years with the Washington Senators of the National League. He was traded to the Reds in December 1893, where he was reunited with Comiskey.

Hoy later joined the Louisville Colonels, where his teammates included Honus Wagner, Fred Clarke and Tommy Leach, who was his roommate. He hit .304 and .306 in his two seasons with the club. In  he broke Mike Griffin's Major League record of 1,459 games in center field. After playing for the Chicago White Sox in the American League during its last minor league season in 1900, where Comiskey was now the team owner, Hoy stayed with the team when the AL achieved major league status in 1901, helping them to the league's (and his) first pennant.

In 1901, he broke Tom Brown's record of 3,623 career outfield putouts, and led the league with 86 walks and 14 times hit by pitch. He finished fourth in runs (112) and on-base percentage (.407). He ended his Major League career with the Reds in 1902, batting .290 and breaking Brown's record of 4,461 career total chances in the outfield. He played for Los Angeles in the Pacific Coast League in 1903. In May of his last season with the Reds, he batted against pitcher Dummy Taylor of the New York Giants in the first faceoff between deaf players in the Major Leagues. Hoy got two hits.

Hoy retired with a .288 batting average, 2,048 hits, 1,429 runs, 725 runs batted in, 248 doubles, 121 triples and 40 home runs. He had 488 stolen bases from 1888 through 1897, and 108 more after the statistic was redefined to its present meaning in 1898. His 1,795 games in the outfield ranked second to Jimmy Ryan (then at 1,829) in MLB history. Jesse Burkett broke his MLB record for career putouts in 1905, and Clarke topped his record for career total chances in 1909. His record for career games in center field was broken by Tris Speaker in 1920.

Personal life

In Hoy's time, the word "dumb" was used to describe someone who could not speak, rather than someone who was stupid. But since the ability to speak was often connected to one's intelligence, the epithets "dumb" and "dummy" became interchangeable with stupidity. Hoy himself often corrected individuals who addressed him as William, and referred to himself as Dummy. Said to have been able to speak with a voice that resembled a squeak, he was one of the most intelligent players of his time.

He is sometimes credited with developing the hand signals used by umpires to this day, though this view is widely disputed. Cy Rigler is believed to have created signals for balls and strikes while working in the minor leagues. In the November 6, 1886 issue of The Sporting News, the deaf pitcher Ed Dundon is credited as using hand signals while umpiring a game in Mobile, Alabama on October 20 1886. Bill Klem is credited with introducing those signals to the Major Leagues, in the early 20th century.

No articles printed during Hoy's lifetime have been found to support the suggestion that he influenced the creation of signals, nor did he ever maintain that he had such a role. Nonetheless, due to the possibility that he may have played a role in the use of signals, as well as for his all-around play, there is a movement to support his election to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.

In retirement, Hoy and his wife Anna Maria, who was also deaf, operated a dairy farm in Mount Healthy, Ohio, outside Cincinnati. Among their six children was Carson, an Ohio judge, and their grandson, Judson, became a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. They raised his nephew, Paul Hoy Helms, the founder of the Helms Athletic Foundation in Los Angeles. Hoy also worked as an executive with Goodyear after supervising hundreds of deaf workers during World War I.

In 1951 he was the first deaf athlete elected to membership in the American Athletic Association of the Deaf Hall of Fame. At the age of 99 and just two months before his death in Cincinnati following a stroke, the Reds brought him back to Crosley Field, built on the site of his former home field, to throw out the first ball before Game 3 of the 1961 World Series. He could see, if not hear, the standing ovation he received. Upon his death that December, his remains were cremated according to family tradition and were scattered at Lytle Park in Cincinnati.

Legacy

Upon his death in 1961 at the age of 99, Hoy was the longest-lived former MLB player ever. In 1973, Ralph Miller broke Hoy's record by becoming the first ex-major leaguer to reach the age of 100. Altogether, 13 former big league ballplayers have become centenarians, the oldest being Chet Hoff, who was 107 when he died in 1998.

At the time of his death, Dummy Hoy was the last surviving participant of both the American Association and the Players' League.

In  the baseball field at Gallaudet University was named the William "Dummy" Hoy Baseball Field. He was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in . Hoy was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2004.

The William "Dummy" Hoy Classic is a baseball game held every two years during Rochester, New York Deaf Awareness Week; it is contested between members of the Rochester Recreation Club of the Deaf and the Buffalo, New York Club of the Deaf, at a recreated 19th-century ballpark at Genesee Country Village and Museum.

In 2008, the Documentary Channel aired the biography Dummy Hoy: A Deaf Hero (aka: I See the Crowd Roar). The documentary, using photographs of Hoy and actors to recreate certain events, chronicled the highlights of Hoy's life and his contributions to baseball; Hoy was portrayed by Ryan Lane.

At least three picture books for children have been published: Silent Star: The Story of Deaf Major Leaguer William Hoy by Bill Wise (2012), The William Hoy Story: How a Deaf Baseball Player Changed the Game Nancy Churnin (2016)., and The Little-Known Heroes: William 'Dummy' Hoy by Kaushay and Spencer Ford (2021).

The 2019 limited-release movie The Silent Natural, tells the story of Hoy, who is played by Miles Barbee, who is deaf in real life.

Notes

References

Sandy, Steve; Miller, Richard. "No Dummy: William Ellsworth Hoy." Timeline, March–April 2000, pp. 48–53.

External links

Dummy Hoy Biography – profile and career highlights
DummyHoy.com – website promoting his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame
The Dummy Hoy documentary film, I See the Crowd Roar

1862 births
1961 deaths
Major League Baseball center fielders
19th-century baseball players
Cincinnati Reds players
Washington Nationals (1886–1889) players
Buffalo Bisons (PL) players
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
Washington Senators (1891–1899) players
Louisville Colonels players
Chicago White Sox players
Baseball players from Ohio
National League stolen base champions
Oshkosh (minor league baseball) players
Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players
Chicago White Stockings (minor league) players
American disabled sportspeople
Deaf baseball players
People from Hancock County, Ohio
American deaf people
People from Mount Healthy, Ohio
Sportspeople from Hamilton County, Ohio

Dummy Hoy


Betsy Blair (født Elizabeth Winifred Boger; 11. december 1923, død 13. marts 2009) var en amerikansk skuespiller og danser.

Blair forfulgte en karriere i underholdningbranchen fra 8-årsalderen og som barn arbejdede hun som amatørdanser, optrådte på radio og arbejde som model, før hun sluttede sig til koret hos Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe i 1940. Der mødte hun Gene Kelly; de blev gift det følgende år, da hun var 17 år og skiltes 16 år senere i 1957.

Efter arbejde i teatret, Blair begyndte sin filmkarriere spille biroller i film som Jalousi (1947) og Sladderen om Marcus Hubbard (1948). Hendes interesse for marxisme førte til en undersøgelse fra House Un-American Activities Committee og Blair blev sortlistet i nogen tid, men genoptog sin karriere med en kritikerroste præstation i Marty (1955), at vinde en BAFTA Award og en nominering til en Oscar for bedste kvindelige birolle.

Hun fortsatte sin karriere med regelmæssig teater-, film- og tv-arbejde indtil midten af 1990'erne, især i London, hvor hun boede i mange år af sit liv.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra New Jersey
Dansere fra USA
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet
Amerikanere i 2000-tallet

Betsy Blair


Spiralfrog New York merkezli ve Aralık 2006'da hizmete başlamayı planlayan bir müzik indirme servisidir.

Diğer tüm yasal müzik indirme sitelerinden farklı olarak, Spiralfrog sadece reklam gelirleriyle desteklenmektedir. ABD'nin müzik devi Universal Müzik şirketinin kendine bağlı tüm sanatçılarının eserlerini ücretsiz dağıtmaya karar vermesi ve 30 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde Spiralfrog şirketiyle anlaşmaya varması dikkatleri bu şirkete çekmiştir. Bu kararla birlikte Universal Müzik bünyesindeki tüm şarkılar bu servisten kullanıcıların bilgisayarlarına indirilebilecek. Müzikler şimdilik sadece Kanada ve ABD'den indirilebilirken, diğer ülkelerede dağıtım izninin verilmesi bekleniyor. Universal Müzik Şirketi halen elinde 1 milyondan fazla eserin telif hakkına sahiptir.

Kaynakça
 CNN TÜRK.com

Müzik siteleri

Spiralfrog


USS Nassau may refer to:

 was an escort aircraft carrier in service from 1943 to 1946.
 is an amphibious assault ship commissioned 1979 and decommissioned in 2011

United States Navy ship names

USS Nassau


Karl Schöppler (* 19. August 1905 in Biebrich am Rhein; † 8. August 1978) war ein deutscher Malermeister.

Werdegang
Schöppler war Mitinhaber der Firma Schöppler & Giegerich GmbH in Wiesbaden. Er war Präsident der Handwerkskammer Wiesbaden, des Hessischen Handwerkstages sowie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der hessischen Handwerkskammern. Zudem gehörte er Handwerksrat des Zentralverbandes des Deutschen Handwerks (ZDH) an.

Ferner war er Mitglied des Verwaltungsrats der Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau und Mitglied der Aufsichtsräte der Wiesbadener Bank und der Industriekreditbank.

Ehrungen
 1952: Verdienstkreuz (Steckkreuz) der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
 1968: Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
 1974: Wilhelm-Leuschner-Medaille
 1976: Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Literatur
 Walter Habel: Wer ist wer?: das Deutsche Who's Who. – Berlin: Arani, 1955

Handwerker
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes mit Stern
Träger der Wilhelm-Leuschner-Medaille
Person (Wiesbaden)
Deutscher
Geboren 1905
Gestorben 1978
Mann

Karl Schöppler


Greenback may refer to:

Currency
 Greenback (1860s money), a fiat currency issued during the American Civil War
Greenback, a nickname used for the United States dollar in the financial press in other countries, or slang for the US paper dollar
 Greenback Party, an American political party active between 1874 and 1884 which advocated non-gold-backed government currency

Fish
 Greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki stomias), the easternmost subspecies of cutthroat trout
 Greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina)
 Greenback horse mackerel (Trachurus declivis), a species of jack
 Greenback stingaree (Urolophus viridis)
 An alternate name for the Bar jack (Caranx ruber)

Other uses
 Greenback, Tennessee, United States, a city
 "Greenbacks", a 1955 song by Ray Charles
 Celestion G-12, guitar cabinet loudspeakers
 Baron Silas Greenback, a fictional villainous toad in Danger Mouse (TV series)
 "Greenbacks" (Once Upon a Time), an episode of the seventh season of Once Upon a Time

ja:紙幣#その他

Greenback


Edward Colin Hendry (Keith, Escocia, 7 de diciembre de 1965), es un ex-futbolista escocés, se desempeñaba como defensa y lateral, se retiró en 2003 y actualmente ejerce de entrenador, aunque se encuentra sin equipo.

Clubes

Palmarés

Blackburn Rovers FC

 FA Premier League: 1994-95

Rangers FC

 Premier League de Escocia: 1998-99
 Copa de Escocia: 1999
 Copa de la Liga de Escocia: 1999

Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Escocia en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Escocia en los años 2000
Futbolistas de Escocia en la Copa Mundial de 1998
Futbolistas de Escocia en la Eurocopa 1996
Futbolistas del Dundee Football Club
Futbolistas del Blackburn Rovers Football Club
Futbolistas del Manchester City Football Club
Futbolistas del Rangers Football Club
Futbolistas del Coventry City Football Club
Futbolistas del Bolton Wanderers Football Club
Futbolistas del Preston North End Football Club
Futbolistas del Blackpool Football Club
Entrenadores del Blackpool Football Club
Entrenadores del Clyde Football Club

Colin Hendry


جغرافيا
 الخروبة، وهي مدينة تونسية تقع في ولاية بنزرت.
 الخروبة، وهي قرية مصرية تقع في سيناء.
 الخروبة، وهي قرية في ليبيا.
 الخروبة، وهي تقسيم نقدي تونسي قديم.
 الخروبة، وكانت عملة تذكارية ذهبية فاطمية (طالع خميس العهد)
 خربة خروبة (جنين)، قرية فلسطينية أثرية تقع شمال مدينة جنين في الضفة الغربية.
 خروبة (فلسطين)، قرية فلسطينية مهجرة تقع شرق مدينة الرملة.

انظر أيضا
 خروب (توضيح)

ألقاب النسب
صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

خروبة (توضيح)


was a town located in Nishiuwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 10,686 and a density of 288.73 persons per km2. The total area was 37.01 km2.

On March 28, 2005, Honai was merged into the expanded city of Yawatahama.

External links
Yawatahama official website in Japanese

Dissolved municipalities of Ehime Prefecture
Yawatahama, Ehime

Honai, Ehime


جبال أكاكوس أو تدرارت أكاكوس. هي جبال صخرية تقع في جنوب غرب ليبيا وضمن الصحراء الكبرى، وأقرب مدينة إليها هي غات الأثرية.

نبذة
يوجد في أكاكوس مجموعة مختلفة من المناظر الطبيعية، من الرياح الرملية الملونة إلى الأقواس الصخرية والأحجار الضخمة إلى الوديان. من أهم المواقع في المنطقة قوس «افازاجار» وقوس «تن خلجة». ورغم أن المنطقة من أشد المناطق القاحلة في الصحراء الكبرى إلا أنه يوجد بها بعض النباتات مثل نبات «الكالوتروبيس».

وتشتهر المنطقة بكهوفها القديمة، كما أنها غنية بمجموعة المنحوتات واللوحات المرسومة على الصخر أعلنت من قبل اليونسكو كموقع للتراث العالمي في العام 1985 بسبب أهمية هذه اللوحات والمنحوتات والتي يعود تاريخ بعضها إلى 21,000 عام. والتي تعكس ثقافة وطبيعة التغيرات في المنطقة.

اللوحات والمنحوتات هي لحيوانات مثل الزرافات والفيلة والنعام والجمال وأيضا مجموعة من الناس والأحصنة، صور رجال تصور مواضح الحياة المختلفة للإنسان القديم مثلا في حالة عزف الموسيقى والرقص. و جبال اكاكوس هي موطن حضارة اكاكوس اول حضارة امازيغيه عام 8000 ق.م

الموقع الجغرافي
تقع جبال أكاكوس في جنوب غرب دولة ليبيا . تتسم أراضي الإقليم بطبيعة الصحراوية، وتتوفر على العديد من الأودية والواحات.

النقوش الاثرية
تبرز النقوش الأثرية فوق صفحة الجبال منحوتات بأشكال حيوانية ضخمة تتمثل في فيلة وأحصنة وزرافات وأبقار ونعام.  تتجلى هذه النقوش دائما منفصلة ونادرا ماتتواجد مع تشكيلات بشرية.

أغراض ومعاني النقوش
للنقوش في الصحراء الكبرى، بما فيها أكاكوس،  أبعاد إلهية مرتبطة بشعور ديني وسحري، ولها أيضا أبعاد طبيعية تتجلى في الحيوانات المتوحشة الكبيرة، والرؤوس المستديرة من دون ملامح التي تنسب إلى البشر في وضعيات متنوعة في حياة القبيلة كالحفلات والعبادة.

معرض الصور

وصلات خارجية
 صحيفة وقائع اليونسكو
 أكاكوس - ألبوم الصور- موقع مندوبية ليبيا الدائمة لدى اليونسكو
 البعثة الأثرية الليبية-الإيطالية في أكاكوس
 منحوتات طبيعية في هضبة أكاكوس

مصادر

إفريقيا ما قبل التاريخ
السياحة في ليبيا
الصحراء الكبرى
جبال ليبيا
سلاسل جبلية في ليبيا
صحاري ليبيا
طوارق
غات
فنون الصحراء الكبرى الصخرية
مواقع أثرية في ليبيا
مواقع التراث العالمي في ليبيا

جبال أكاكوس


ජීව විද්‍යාවේ දී ,  දේශානුකුලනය  යනු යම් දේශීය නොවන ජීවියෙකු ස්වභාවික පරිසරයෙහි පැතිර යාමෙන් දේශානුකුලකෘත වීමේ ක්‍රියාවලියයි. ගහනයක් දේශානුකුලකෘත වුවා යැයි සැලකෙන්නේ එම ගහනය පවත්වාගෙන යාමට තරම් ප්‍රමාණවත් ප්‍රජනක හැකියාවක් එම ගහනය තුල පවතින විටය.

ඇතැම් ගහන නොනැසී පවතින්නේ ප්‍රජනක හැකියාව නිසා නොව,භාහිරයෙන් නොනවත්තා ආගමනය වීම නිසාය.එවන් ගහන , හෝ එම ගහනය තුල සිටින එකෛකයන්, ආගන්තුකයන් වේ.  වගාගත කරනු ලබන ශාක ආගන්තුක ශාක සඳහා ප්‍රධාන ප්‍රභවයකි.

දේශානුකුලකෘත විශේෂ දේශීය ශාක හා සතුන් මත අහිතකර ආචරණ ඇති කිරීමට තරම් බහුල වුවහොත් එම විශේෂ ආක්‍රමණික විශේෂ බවට පත්විය හැක.

මූලාශ්‍ර

Ecological processes
Environmental issues with conservation

දේශානුකුලනය


Donald I. MacAlpin (škot. Dòmhnall mac Ailpein), nazivan Kenneth Osvajač (?, 812. –  Perthshire, 13. travnja 862.), kralj Pikta i Škota, odnosno Kraljevstva Albe (858. – 862.), brat i nasljednik kralja Kennetha MacAlpina iz dinastije Alpin.

Donio je niz zakona, poznatih kao Zakoni Aedha, na osnovu kojih je nastalo pravilo da se nasljednik prijestolja bira za života kralja, među najdostojnijim članovima kraljevske obitelji, a ne isključivo među sinovima. Zbog toga je Donald I. za svog nasljednika izabrao brata Konstantina I.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Donald I., kralj Albe - Britannica Online
 Donald I. - undiscoveredscotland.co.uk

Životopisi, Škotska
Škotski vladari
Alpini

Donald I.


Prva hrvatska nogometna liga 2021./22. (službeno, iz sponzorskih razloga: Hrvatski Telekom Prva liga) je 31. sezona 1. HNL koja je započela 16. srpnja 2021., a završila 21. svibnja 2022. Deset momčadi odigralo je 36 utakmica četverokružnim sustavom uz stanku na prijelazu godina koja sezonu dijeli na proljetni i jesenski dio.
Branitelj naslova prvaka je bio zagrebački Dinamo.

Kolo prije kraja prvenstva, naslov prvaka osigurao je Dinamo iz Zagreba.

Momčadi

Trenerske promjene
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Momčad
! Bivši trener
! Razlog odlaska
! Datum odlaska
! Novi trener
! Datum imenovanja
! Pozicija
|-
|Šibenik
| Sergi Escobar
|Potpisao za Castellón
|23. svibnja 2021.
| Mario Rosas
|14. lipnja 2021.
|<center>Predsezona
|-
|Gorica
| Siniša Oreščanin
|Otpušten
|24. svibnja 2021.
| Krunoslav Rendulić
|30. svibnja 2021. </small>

Statistike

Golovi
Statistika strijelaca ažurirana je 21. svibnja 2022. (36. kolo).

Najbolji strijelci

Strijelci deset i više pogodaka

Izvor:<ref> [https://hrnogomet.com/hnl/strijelci.php?lang=hr&stranica=1&sortBy=3&sortOrder=desc&prvenstvo=31 hrnogomet.com, Strijelci 1. HNL 2021./22.], pristupljeno 16. srpnja 2021. </ref>

Asistencije
Statistika asistenata ažurirana je 8. svibnja 2022. (34. kolo).

Najbolji asistenti

''Asistenti šest i više pogodaka

Izvor:

Momčad sezone

Slijedi momčad sezone po izboru Hrvatske udruge "Nogometni sindikat":

Izvor:

Povezani članci
 2. HNL 2021./22.
 3. HNL 2021./22.b
 4. rang HNL-a 2021./22.
 5. rang HNL-a 2021./22.
 6. rang HNL-a 2021./22.
 7. rang HNL-a 2021./22.
 8. rang HNL-a 2021./22.
 Hrvatski nogometni kup 2021./22.

Vanjske poveznice
 prvahnl.hr
 hrnogomet.com – Statistike hrvatskog nogometa
 hntv.hr – Statistika Hrvatski Telekom Prva Liga
 hns-cff.hr, stranica lige
 uefa.com, stranica lige

Izvori

 prvahnl.hr, 1. HNL 2021./22. – Raspored i rezultati, pristupljeno 1. srpnja 2021.
 hns-cff.hr, HT 1. HNL, pristupljeno 1. srpnja 2021.
 hrnogomet.com, ''Prvenstvo 2021-2022 – Pregled prvenstva po kolima u 1. HNL, pristupljeno 1. srpnja 2021.
 int.soccerway.com, 1. HNL – 2021/2022

2021-22
 1

1. HNL 2021./22.


__KEIN_INHALTSVERZEICHNIS__

Die Kalvarienbergkapelle in Wörnitzstein, einem Stadtteil von Donauwörth im Landkreis Donau-Ries (Bayern), wurde 1750 errichtet. Das Gebäude auf einem hohen, bewaldeten Felsrücken über dem linken Wörnitzufer ist ein geschütztes Baudenkmal.

Beschreibung
Die Kapelle wurde im Auftrag des Abts Cölestin I. Meermoos, der von 1739 bis 1771 das Kloster Kaisheim leitete, von Johann Georg Hitzelberger 1750 errichtet. Die Steintafel links vom Eingang (C.A.Z.K. 1750) erinnert an Auftraggeber und Baujahr. Der Bau auf einem verkröpft ovalen und geschwungenen Grundriss ist innen und außen durch Pilaster gegliedert.

Der Kirchenraum wird durch dreipassförmige Fenster beleuchtet. Auf dem Dach sitzt ein hoher Dachreiter mit Oktogon und Zwiebelhaube. Der Rocaillestuck im Inneren wurde 1751 von Paul Anton Landes geschaffen. Das mit dem gleichen Jahr bezeichnete Deckenfresko stammt von Gottfried Bernhard Göz und illustriert die Gründung der Kirche auf einem Felsen mit der Schlüsselübergabe an Petrus. Darunter ist der Sieg der Kirche dargestellt durch eine königliche Frau; sie hält das Modell der Kapelle in der Hand, Mitra und Abtstab weisen auf Kaisheim hin. Der darunter in die Tiefe stürzende Ungläubige symbolisiert, dass die Hölle der Kirche nichts anzuhaben vermag. Der Altar, aus der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts, mit einer Kreuzigungsgruppe stammt aus dem Umkreis von Johann Georg Bschorer.

Kreuzweg
Den Aufstieg zur Kapelle führt durch ein 1910 von Therese Kapfer gestiftetes Portal und ist gesäumt durch gemalte Stationsbilder des Leidens Christi auf gemauerten Pfeilern.

Literatur

 Adam Horn (Bearb.): Die Kunstdenkmäler von Schwaben. III. Landkreis Donauwörth. München 1951, S. 612–613.

Weblinks

Bauwerk in Donauwörth
Baudenkmal in Donauwörth
Wornitzstein
Donauworth
Wornitzstein
Erbaut in den 1750er Jahren
Donauworth
Kapelle im Bistum Augsburg
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Wörnitz

Kalvarienbergkapelle (Wörnitzstein)


L'Assassinat du duc de Guise é um curta-metragem francês dirigido por André Calmettes e Charles Le Bargy lançado em 1908, roteirizado por Henri Lavedan e com trilha sonora composta por Camille Saint-Saëns.

Enredo
O filme relata um famoso episódio histórico, ocorrido dia de 23 de dezembro de 1588, durante o qual Henrique I de Guise, duque de Guise, rival do Rei Henrique III, foi convocado pelo Rei para ir ao Castelo de Blois, onde foi assassinado após ordens do rei.

Produção
O curta-metragem foi um dos primeiros e mais bem-sucedidos filmes a serem feitos pela Le Film d'Art, uma empresa francesa de produção cinematográfica fundada em 1907 com a intenção de fazer filmes que ganhariam o respeito da elite cultural e que levariam grandes públicos aos cinemas.  O roteiro foi escrito especialmente para o cinema por Henri Lavedan, mas suas figurinos e encenação seguiram a tradição histórica do teatro francês.

O filme contém técnicas narrativas mais elaboradas dos filmes lançados naquela época. Embora consista em apenas nove planos, com atuação e encenação teatrais em vez de cinematográficas, apresenta elementos suficientes de uma história que pode ser entendida por conta própria. Ele faz isso através da continuidade da ação e do espaço. Antes e incluindo o assassinato, a câmera segue os movimentos do personagem principal em cinco tomadas separadas, por três salas separadas e vice-versa. Outros elementos eram teatrais em vez de fílmicos, como cenários com cenários pintados e a única posição estacionária da câmera para cada cena, reminiscente de um assento no andar principal, não muito longe do "palco".

Calmettes e le Bargy eram ambos atores eminentes,  sendo le Bargy um membro da Comédie-Française.

Elenco

 Charles le Bargy como Henrique III de França
 Albert Lambert como Henrique I de Guise
 Gabrielle Robinne como Marquesa de Noirmoutier
 Berthe Bovy como Le page
 Jean Angelo
 Albert Dieudonné
 Huguette Duflos
 Raphaël Duflos
 Charles Lorrain
 Rolla Norman

Estreia

A estreia foi realizada na Salle Charras em 17 de novembro de 1908. O tom foi alto o tempo todo, condizente com um filme de arte.

Recepção
O sucesso do filme na França inspirou outras companhias a fazerem filmes semelhantes, inaugurando assim um gênero que acabou ficando conhecido como filmes 'de arte', levando o nome da principal produtora; um gênero caracterizado pela teatralidade elaborada em cenários, figurinos e atuação, e associado a dramas históricos relacionados a personagens nobres.

L'Assassinat du duc de Guise foi lançado nos Estados Unidos pela Pathé Frères em 17 de fevereiro de 1909. Não há indícios de estreia especial para o programa. Em Moving Picture World, Pathé simplesmente anunciou o filme como um de seus lançamentos "dramáticos" atuais, com um comprimento de 853 pés, consideravelmente mais curto do que a versão para a qual Saint-Saëns havia composto sua trilha; e a empresa retirou o filme de suas listas cinco semanas depois. Não há registro de que a partitura tenha sido ouvida nos Estados Unidos naquela época.

Recebeu atenção considerável dos críticos por causa da reputação de seus criadores e equipe. Muitos críticos observaram que, com a base do filme na história francesa, o filme pode atrair a classe alta, mas o espectador americano médio pode não ser capaz de acompanhar o enredo. Ao comparar o filme com o drama histórico americano contemporâneo, muitos críticos consideraram que L'Assassinat du duc de Guise tinha melhor fotografia, melhor atuação e melhor construção dramática.

Ligações externas

 L'Assassinat du duc de Guise (em inglês) no IMDb
 L'Assassinat du duc de Guise (em francês) no AlloCiné

Curtas-metragens de 1908
Filmes da França de 1908
Filmes de drama da França
Filmes de ficção histórica da França
Filmes ambientados na década de 1580
Composições de Camille Saint-Saëns

L'Assassinat du duc de Guise


Agrilus globulifrons é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, 1920.

Referências

globulifrons

Agrilus globulifrons


Lorenz Eğrisi, ekonomide, çoğunlukla olasılık gelir dağılımının birikimli dağılım fonksiyonunu ifade eden bir grafiktir.  Bu grafiğin  her iki ekseninde de yüzde değer bulunur. 1905 yılında Max Otto Lorenz tarafından gelir dağılımının ifade edilmesi amacıyla geliştirilmiştir.

Eğride x eksenindeki değerin y eksenindeki dağılımın yüzde kaçına sahip olduğu yine yüzde ile gösterilir.

Gelir dağılımı söz konusu olduğunda grafiği çaprazlamasına ikiye bölen doğru "tam eşitlik" durumunu ifade eder. Bu durumda ülkedeki hane halklarının %50'si gelirin %50'sine, %80'i %80'ine vb. sahiptir. Zaman içinde eğrinin tam eşitlik doğrusundan uzaklaşması, o ülke için gelir dağılımının bozulduğuna işaret eder.

Dikey eksende milli gelirin birikimli yüzdeleri % 20'lik paylar halinde; yatay eksende ise nüfusun birikimli yüzdeleri % 20'lik dilimler halinde gösterilir. Bu iki eksenin karşılarına aynı uzunlukta tamamlayıcı eksenler çizilmesiyle oluşturulan karenin sol alt köşeden sağ üst köşeye olan köşegeni mutlak eşitlik doğrusunu ifade eder. Bu doğrudan sapmalar gelir dağılımındaki eşitsizliğin derecesini ortaya koyar.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Gelir dağılımı
 Gini katsayısı
 Laffer eğrisi
 Pareto dağılımı
 Refah ekonomisi
 ROC analizi
 Zipf yasası

Kaynakça

Refah ekonomisi

Lorenz eğrisi


فسبازيانو غونزاغا  (1531 - 1591) راعي فنون إيطالي.

ولد  فسبازيانو غونزاغا كولونا  ببلدة فوندي في السادس من ديسمبر عام 1531 إبناً لإيزابيلا كولونا ولويجي غونزاغا (1500-1532) ابن لودوفيكو كونت روديغو من الفرع الغونزاغي في غاتسوولو وفرانشيسكا فييسكي من كونتات لافانيا. والده لويجي كوندوتييرو ذو شهرة كبيرة في وشارك سنة نهب روما 1527 فلقبه الشاعر بويارديسكو بلقب «رودومونتي».

فسبازيانو هو مؤسس ومبدع وأول وآخر دوق للمدينة المثالية: سابيونيتا الواقعة في الجزء الأسفل من وادي بو بين مانتوفا وبارما. أدرك تماما فسبازيانو في نحو خمسة وثلاثين عاما من 1556 حتى وفاته في سابيونيتا في 1591 بعد والقواعد والمعايير وأفضل من عصر النهضة الإيطالي.

زعيم دبلوماسيا ماهرا ولكن أيضا الرسائل، ومهندس عسكري راعي الفنانين، بسيطة من الطلاب تمكنوا من الوصول إلى أعلى القمم الإقطاعية مع زيادة سابيونيتا في دوقية مستقلة في 1577، وذلك بفضل الصداقة الشخصية مع رودولف الثاني هابسبورغ، والمعروفة لدى البلاط الملكي الإسباني، حيث الإحدى عشرة في المستقبل الإمبراطور الروماني المقدس أرسل لتحسين التعليم، وتحت رعاية خاله فيليب الثاني ملك إسبانيا. فسبازيانو في ذلك هو واحد من أهل الثقة من فيليب الثاني، الذي عينه الكبرى لإسبانيا، ثم نائب الملك نافارا وفالنسيا، وقبل ذلك، في 1585 ، والفروسية من الأمر من الصوف الذهب، أعلى وسام للتاج الأسباني.

قريبا من يتيم الأب ويتخلى عن والدته، وكان فسبازيانو بمودة أثارها عمته جوليا غونزاغا، بل لحمايته من المنظور القصد من كولونا الأسرة لأغراض التخلص وراثية، انتقل إلى نابولي مع ابن شقيقه، والتخلي عن ممتلكاتهم من الأموال. بعد تاريخي ممارسة إرسال أبناء الأسر النبيلة في المحاكم الأوروبية من أجل تحسين التعليم، وكما فعل من التبعية للتاج، جوليا واغتنم هذه الفرصة لارسال فسبازيانو في محكمة شارل الخامس، بعيدا عن اهتمام وابن شقيق القوية كولونا الأسرة، الذي كان الكثير من المصالح في نابوليي.

جاء إلى الايبيرية العاصمة في 1548 ، والشباب غونزاغا اختير صفحة من شرف رضيع إسبانيا، ومستقبل الملك فيليب الثاني.

توفي في سابيونيتا 26 من شباط / فبراير 1591.

المراجع

كوندوتييرويون في القرن 16
دبلوماسيون إيطاليون
دبلوماسيون في القرن 16
غونزاغا
فرسان الصوف الذهبي
كتاب إيطاليون
كتاب إيطاليون في عصر النهضة
كوندوتييرويون
مواليد 1531
مؤسسو مدن
نبلاء إيطاليون في القرن 16
وفيات 1591
دبلوماسيون إيطاليون في القرن 16

فسبازيانو غونزاغا


Benjamin Leon Coleman (South Hill, Virginia, 18 de mayo de 1971) es un exjugador estadounidense de fútbol americano que ocupaba la posición de offensive lineman en la Liga Nacional de Fútbol  desde el año 1993 en diversos equipos: Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1993-1995), Jacksonville Jaguars (1995-1999), San Diego Chargers (2000) y Washington Redskins (2001). Jugó fútbol americano universitario en la Wake Forest University, siendo reclutado por los Arizona Cardinals en el Draft de la NFL de 1993.

Referencias

Jugadores de fútbol americano de Estados Unidos
Jugadores de Arizona Cardinals
Jugadores de Jacksonville Jaguars
Jugadores de San Diego Chargers
Jugadores de Washington Redskins

Ben Coleman (fútbol americano)


ITunes Live from London es el primer EP de la cantante Demi Lovato. Fue lanzado el 17 de mayo de 2009 con el sello discográfico de Hollywood Records. Este EP fue puesto a la venta en la iTunes Store poco antes de ser lanzado su segundo álbum Here We Go Again.

Historia
Este EP fue grabado el miércoles 22 de abril de 2009 en la ITunes Store de Londres, Reino Unido. Demi presenció el público de Londres al interpretar canciones de su álbum debut Don't Forget, este concierto era para una audiencia muy especial ganadora de un concurso. "El espectáculo en vivo exclusivo, será interpretado y grabado y el conjunto de canciones estarán disponibles para su descarga en ITunes a principios del mes de mayo": Según My Space de Demi Lovato.

Lista de canciones

Historial de lanzamientos

Referencias

EP de pop
Demi Lovato

ITunes Live from London (EP de Demi Lovato)


Stéphane Braconnier est un juriste et professeur agrégé en droit public français. Il est président de l'université Paris-Panthéon-Assas depuis le .

Biographie
Stéphane Braconnier est né en 1969 à Parthenay, dans le département des Deux-Sèvres. En 1992, il obtient un master en droit public à l'université de Poitiers et en sort diplômé d'un doctorat en droit public en 1995. En 1998, il obtient l'agrégation de droit public.

Parcours professionnel et politique
Stéphane Braconnier est maître de conférences à l'université de Poitiers dès 1995, jusqu'à l'obtention de l'agrégation de droit public en 1998. Il a également enseigné à l'université du Maine (actuelle Le Mans Université). En 2007, il rejoint l'université Paris-II Panthéon-Assas.

Lors des élections municipales de 2008 à Poitiers, Stéphane Braconnier arrive avec sa liste UMP en deuxième position avec 21,06 % au premier tour de cette élection remportée par le socialiste Alain Claeys avec 54,52 %.

En 2014, il annonce son retrait de la politique locale, alors leader de l'opposition à Poitiers durant six ans.

De septembre 2018 à octobre 2021, Stéphane Braconnier est l'un des dix membres de la commission des sanctions de l'Agence française de lutte contre le dopage.

Le , il succède à Guillaume Leyte à la tête de l'université Paris-II Panthéon-Assas, élu par le conseil d'administration de l'université.

Publications
 Jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme et droit administratif français, éditions Bruylant, Bruxelles, 1997.
 Droit des marchés publics, Le Moniteur, 2002,  édition 2007,  édition 2009,  édition 2012,  édition 2017, sous le titre Précis du droit de la commande publique.
 Droit des services publics, PUF, collection Thémis-Droit public, 2004,  édition 2007.
 Les Grandes décisions de la jurisprudence – Droit administratif, PUF,  édition, 2010,  édition, 2014, en collaboration avec J.-F. Lachaume et al.,  édition 2017.
 Droit public de l'économie, PUF, collection Thémis-Droit public, 2015,  édition 2017.
 Précis du droit de la commande publique, Le Moniteur, 2022.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Professeur français de droit public
Agrégé de droit public
Enseignant à l'université Panthéon-Assas
Naissance à Parthenay
Naissance en mai 1969

Stéphane Braconnier


Royal Air Force Coltishall, more commonly known as RAF Coltishall , is a former Royal Air Force station located  north-north-east of Norwich, in the English county of Norfolk, East Anglia, which operated from 1939 to 2006.

It was a fighter airfield in the Second World War and afterwards, a station for night fighters, then ground attack aircraft until closure.

After longstanding speculation, the future of the station was sealed once the Ministry of Defence announced that the Eurofighter Typhoon, a rolling replacement aircraft, displacing the ageing SEPECAT Jaguar, would not be located there.  The last of the Jaguar squadrons left on 1 April 2006, and the station finally closed, one month early and £10 million under budget, on .

The station motto was Aggressive in Defence.  The station badge was a stone tower surmounted by a mailed fist grasping three bind-bolts (blunt arrows), which symbolised a position of strength in defence of the homeland, indicative of the aggressive spirit which Coltishall fighter aircraft were prepared to shoot down the enemy.

History

Second World War
Work on RAF Coltishall was started in .  The airfield, then known as Scottow Aerodrome, was initially built as a bomber station, on land near Scottow Hall.  Following the established tradition, the station would have been named after the nearest railway station, which would have made it RAF Buxton, but to avoid possible confusion with the town of Buxton in Derbyshire, it was named after the local village of Coltishall instead.  The airfield was completed and entered service in  as a fighter base.  The first aircraft movement at Coltishall was a Bristol Blenheim IV L7835 flown by Sergeant RG Bales and Sergeant Barnes.

During the Second World War, Coltishall operated the Hawker Hurricane.  A notable Coltishall fighter pilot was Douglas Bader, appointed as leader of No. 242 Squadron, a mainly Canadian Hurricane squadron.  They had suffered significant losses in the recent Battle of France, and he was credited with restoring their morale.

Coltishall later became home to night fighters.  At the same time, the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm operated aircraft from RAF Coltishall over the North Sea.  From 10 February to 7 April 1945, it was the airfield for No. 124 Squadron, at that time a fighter-bomber squadron flying Supermarine Spitfire IX.HF's, whilst the squadron was bombing V-2 launch sites in the Netherlands.  At the end of the war, Coltishall was briefly given over to Polish squadrons until they returned home.

Cold War

In the 1950s, RAF Coltishall was a designated a 'V-bomber dispersal airfield', which V bombers tasked with delivery of the British nuclear deterrent; the Avro Vulcan, Handley Page Victor, and Vickers Valiant, could use in the event of their home station being damaged by enemy action.

Postwar, the station was home to a variety of units and aircraft, including de Havilland Mosquitos, Gloster Javelins and, from 1963, the Historic Aircraft Flight (now known as the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight or BBMF).  RAF Coltishall became home to the RAF's first English Electric Lightning F.1s when No. 74 (Fighter) Squadron began to receive the jet in June 1960, after arriving the year before.  No. 74 (F) Squadron relocated to RAF Leuchars in Scotland on 2 March 1964.  No. 226 Operational Conversion Unit (OCU) arrived at the base on 12 April 1964, tasked with training new pilots how to fly the Lightning.  The last Lightnings left Coltishall in September 1974 when No. 266 OCU departed.

The Lightnings were replaced by the Anglo-French SEPECAT Jaguar GR.1, with the first Jaguar unit, No. 54 (F) Squadron, arriving at Coltishall on 8 August 1974.  They were soon joined by No. 6 Squadron who arrived at the base in November 1974, making the station exclusively home to the Jaguar in terms of fixed wing aircraft.

No. 41 (Designate) Squadron formed at RAF Coltishall on 1 October 1976, and worked up as a Jaguar unit until officially standing up on 1 April 1977, when the No. 41 Squadron operating the McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2 at RAF Coningsby disbanded the previous day.

In 1991, elements of all three based Jaguar units; Nos. 6, 41 and 54 Squadrons, along with associated support personnel deployed to Muharraq Airfield, Bahrain, in preparation for Operation Granby due to Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait.

Coltishall played host to several United States Air Force Coronet deployments during the Cold War:
Coronet Heron – 12 to 23 June 1978 saw the deployment of 12 McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom IIs from the 62nd Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron.
Coronet Joust – 23 June to 7 July 1983 saw the deployment of 12 RF-4C Phantom IIs from the 106th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (Alabama Air National Guard).
Coronet Mobile – 13 to 26 September 1986 saw the deployment of 11 RF-4C Phantom IIs from the 106th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (Alabama Air National Guard).

1991 to closure
The Jaguars deployed again, this time to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, to participate in Operation Warden which set up a no-fly zone over Iraq.  Between 1993 and 1995, the Jaguars deployed to Gioia del Colle Air Base, Italy, as part of Operation Deny Flight to enforce a no-fly zone over the Balkans.  In 1997, No. 54 Squadron deployed to Italy once more in support of Operation Deliberate Guard.  No. 6 Squadron deployed once again to Incirlik in 1998 as part of Operation Resinate.

On 21 July 2000, No. 16 (Reserve) Squadron, the Jaguar OCU, arrived at RAF Coltishall from RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland.  In December 2000, five Jaguars from No. 41 (F) Squadron deployed to Luleå Airport, Sweden, to train alongside Saab 37 Viggens of the Norrbotten Wing.

Coltishall was also home to the yellow search and rescue (SAR) helicopters of No. 202 Squadron tasked with conducting air-sea rescue operations (Westland Sea King), and latterly No. 22 Squadron (Westland Wessex), but under subsequent reorganisation, the SAR operations were moved to RAF Wattisham, in Suffolk where they remained until 15 July 2015, following the privatisation (and thus disbandment) of the entire UK military search and rescue operations.

Coltishall eventually became the last surviving operational RAF fighter airfield involved in the Battle of Britain (other than RAF Northolt), and a visible remnant in the form of a Second World War revetment still stands adjacent to the north-west taxiway and, together with one of the two sets of 1950s Cold War blast walls, is now a scheduled monument.

With the anticipated arrival of the Eurofighter Typhoon in the RAF, the gradual retirement of the Jaguar force began.  Coltishall was not chosen as a future Typhoon airfield for a number of reasons, and so, with no future RAF role for Coltishall, the station was earmarked for closure.

The UK's Ministry of Defence, in the 'Delivering Security in a Changing World' review, announced that the station would close by December 2006.  The first two Jaguar squadrons to disband, No. 16 (R) Squadron and No. 54 (F) Squadron, did so on 11 March 2005.  The final Jaguar squadrons departed on 1 April 2006, when No. 6 Squadron transferred to RAF Coningsby, however, this was subsequently disbanded on 31 May 2007 (to await delivery of the Eurofighter Typhoon at RAF Leuchars), and No. 41 (F) Squadron transferred to RAF Coningsby in OCU role.  The final front line RAF movement from the station was by Jaguar XZ112, piloted by Jim Luke, on 3 April 2006.

Of the final gate guardians, the replica Hawker Hurricane (dedicated to Douglas Bader) was transferred to RAF High Wycombe, and the Jaguar was formally named the Spirit of Coltishall, and was subsequently transferred to the grounds of Norfolk County Council where she is dedicated to the memory of all those who served at Coltishall.  RAF Coltishall is commemorated at the RAF Air Defence Radar Museum at Neatishead (which Coltishall formerly parented).

Some limited flying from light aircraft, including those of the Coltishall Flying Club, did continue after the end of RAF flying operations, until October 2006.  While 1 April 2006 saw the disbandment parade for the station, it did not actually disband and finally close until 30 November 2006.  Associated facilities such as the Douglas Bader Primary School for military dependents were also closed.  On the final day of the station, the gates were opened to the public; anybody with photographic ID was welcomed onto the station to have a look around and view the final closing ceremony and parade, which saw a flypast by four RAF Jaguars, and a solitary Hawker Hurricane from the Imperial War Museum Duxford.

On 30 November 2006, RAF Coltishall was officially handed over to Defence Estates (the then MoD agency responsible for all UK Military sites) who were to handle the disposal of the site; it was then formally known as MoD Coltishall until its ultimate disposal.

The site was sold to Norfolk County Council for £4 million.

Station commanders

Note: The ranks shown are the ranks held at the time of holding the appointment of commanding officer, Royal Air Force Coltishall.

Coltishall squadrons

No. 1 Squadron RAF; Spitfire LFIXb, F21
No. 6 Squadron RAF; Jaguar GR1/1A/1B, T2/T2A, GR3/3A, T4/T4A (November 1974 – April 2006)
No. 16 Squadron RAF (? – March 2005) (Squadron Standard now laid up in Notre-Dame Cathedral Saint-Omer, France)
No. 22 Squadron RAF; Beaufort I, II, Whirlwind HAR2, HAR10, Wessex HAR2
No. 23 Squadron RAF; Mosquito NF36, Vampire NF10, Venom NF2, NF3, Javelin FAW4, FAW7, FAW9R
No. 25 Squadron RAF; Mosquito VI, XVII, NFXXX
No. 26 Squadron RAF
No. 29 Squadron RAF; Beaufighter IF, VIF
No. 41 Squadron RAF; Javelin FAW4, Jaguar GR1/1A/1B, T2/T2A, GR3/3A, T4/T4A (1976 – April 2006)
No. 42 Squadron RAF; Beaufort I, II
No. 54 Squadron RAF; Jaguar GR1/1A/1B, T2/T2A, GR3/3A, T4/T4A (August 1974 – March 2005) (Squadron Standard now laid up in Norwich Cathedral)
No. 64 Squadron RAF; Spitfire I, Vb, LEVc
No. 66 Squadron RAF; Spitfire I
No. 68 Squadron RAF; Beaufighter IF, VI, Mosquito XVII, XIX, XXX
No. 72 Squadron RAF; Spitfire I
No. 74 Squadron RAF 'Tigers'; Spitfire IIa, Hunter F6, Lightning F1, F3 (1940, 1960–1966)
No. 80 Squadron RAF; Tempest V
No. 93 Squadron RAF; Havoc I
No. 109 Squadron RAF
No. 118 Squadron RAF; Spitfire Vb
No. 124 Squadron RAF; Spitfire XI
No. 125 Squadron RAF; Mosquito XIV, XXX
No. 133 Squadron RAF; one of the American-piloted Eagle Squadrons formed 1941, Hurricane IIb
No. 137 Squadron RAF; Whirlwind I
No. 141 Squadron RAF; Mosquito NF36, Meteor NF11, Venom NF3, Javelin FAW4
No. 151 Squadron RAF; Hurricane I, IIb, IIc, Defiant I
No. 152 Squadron RAF; Spitfire IIa
No. 154 Squadron RAF; Spitfire Va, Vb
No. 195 Squadron RAF; Typhoon Ib
No. 202 Squadron RAF; Whirlwind HAR10, Sea King HAR3
No. 222 Squadron RAF; Spitfire Ia, IIa, IIb
No. 226 Squadron RAF OCU; Lightning F1, F1A, F3, T4, T5, T55
No. 228 Squadron RAF; Whirlwind HAR10
No. 228 Squadron RAF OCU; Mosquito (various), Meteor (various)
No. 229 Squadron RAF; Spitfire XI, XVI
No. 234 Squadron RAF; Spitfire Vb, Vc
No. 242 Squadron RAF; Hurricane I
No. 255 Squadron RAF; Beaufighter IIF
No. 257 Squadron RAF; Hurricane I, IIa, IIb, IIc
No. 264 Squadron RAF; Mosquito NF36
No. 266 Squadron RAF; Typhoon Ia, Ib
No. 274 Squadron RAF; Tempest V
No. 275 Squadron RAF; Sycamore HR13, HR14
No. 278 Squadron RAF; Lysander IIa, Walrus I, II, Anson I
No. 288 Squadron RAF; Hurricane I, Defiant TT II/III
No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron; Spitfire IX, Mustang IV (1944, 1945)
No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron; Mustang III
No. 307 Polish Night Fighter Squadron; Mosquito XXX
No. 309 (Polish) Squadron; Mustang III, IV
No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF; Spitfire XI
No. 315 (Polish) Squadron; Mustang III
No. 316 (Polish) Squadron; Mustang III
No. 318 (Polish) Squadron RAF; Spitfire IX
No. 409 Squadron RCAF; Beaufighter VI
No. 453 Squadron RAAF; Spitfire IX
No. 488 Squadron RNZAF; Beaufighter II
No. 602 Squadron RAF; Spitfire IX, XVI
No. 603 Squadron RAF; Spitfire XVI (1945)
No. 604 Squadron RAF; Beaufighter I
No. 610 Squadron RAF; Spitfire Vb, Vc
No. 611 Squadron RAF; Spitfire IX
No. 616 Squadron RAF; Spitfire I
809 Naval Air Squadron, Fleet Air Arm; Sea Hornet F20, NF21
819 Naval Air Squadron, Fleet Air Arm;
841 Naval Air Squadron, Fleet Air Arm; Albacore I, Swordfish I, II
849 Naval Air Squadron, Fleet Air Arm; Gannett AEW3, COD4, T5

Units
The following units were here at some point:

Redevelopment
The former married quarters were transferred to the MoD's preferred property agents, Annington Homes, who started a lengthy process of upgrading the former military housing into civilian houses for sale on the open market.

During January 2007, the Home Office expressed an interest in the site, and in early February earmarked it for potential use as an immigration detention facility, but this was subsequently ruled out.

In July 2007, a petition was set up on the 10 Downing St website to campaign for Coltishall to be reopened as a civil airfield.

In December 2007, fresh reports in the media suggested the site would be used as a prison, but this angered local residents who had not been informed of the disposal progress.

In January 2009, plans to build a Category C prison at the site was approved by North Norfolk District Council (NNDC).  The entire technical site then became under the control of the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), and building works to convert all of the former male single-persons living accommodation H-blocks and the Junior Ranks Mess and NAAFI social club, along with the completion of the dual perimeter fences, and a new access road began in 2009.  This new establishment became known as HM Prison Bure, named after the nearby River Bure, can house over 500 male sex offenders.

On 19 July 2010, North Norfolk District Council proposed that the entire site should be designated as a conservation area (United Kingdom) because of its historical and architectural interest.

In 2013, the remainder of the former RAF Coltishall technical site became known as the Scottow Enterprise Park, taking up approximately 600 acres of the former RAF base.  Its repurposed military buildings are now home to tenants in industries from construction to film.

In April 2015, Scottow Moor Solar Limited built a  solar farm on the site.  In April 2016, another  of solar panels were added, bringing the solar farm's total capacity to .

In June 2019, a British aircraft manufacturer became established at the airfield.  Swift Aircraft have been allowed to produce up to 98 aircraft a year, and use its runway for up to eight flights per day by the local government.  This will employ roughly 100 local people.

Heritage

Station badge and motto
RAF Coltishall's badge, awarded in January 1953, features a fortified tower with a clenched gauntlet holding three blue arrows (bind bolts).  The tower relates to the strength in defence of the station.  The gauntlet and arrows represent the fighter aircraft based at the station and their aggressive nature.

The station's motto is 'Aggressive in Defence'.

Gate guardians

Prior to closure, Coltishall had two gate guardians.  The first (on display outside the main gate and security fence) was a Jaguar S which was an airframe formed from various Jaguars, including the front fuselage of XW563.  It arrived from RAF Brüggen in 2001 and was on display at the main gate until February 2007 when it was relocated to Norfolk County Hall.

A replica fibreglass Hawker Hurricane was on display on the roundabout in front of Station Headquarters from 1989, until it was relocated to RAF High Wycombe in October 2006.

Built heritage
In September 2010, the former RAF Coltishall site was designated as a conservation area by North Norfolk District Council and Broadland District Council.

Parts of the airfield were designated as scheduled monuments in March 2008.  The designation covers a single Second World War era aircraft dispersal point (labeled as a 'fighter pen') and eight pairs of Cold War era dispersal revetment blast walls dating from the 1950s.  Historic England describes the blast walls as rare and outstandingly well preserved.

The former Officers' Mess was designated as a grade II listed building in October 2017.  The neo-Georgian style building was built between 1939 and 1940.

See also
List of Battle of Britain airfields
List of former Royal Air Force stations

References

Citations

Bibliography

.

External links

RAF Coltishall – A Photographic Characterisation by English Heritage
RAF Coltishall – Conservation Area Appraisal
The Spirit of Coltishall Association

Military units and formations established in 1940
Royal Air Force stations in Norfolk
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom
Airports in England
Military units and formations disestablished in 2006

RAF Coltishall


Andrei Burcă ()

Palmares
CFR Cluj
 Liga I (3): 2019–2020, 2020–2021, 2021–2022
 Supercupa României (1): 2020

Note

Nașteri în 1993
Fundași
Fotbaliști ai FC Botoșani
Sportivi români în viață
Fotbaliști români
Nașteri pe 15 aprilie
Fotbaliști ai CFR Cluj

Andrei Burcă


Magway (, ) is the capital city of Magway Region (formerly Magway Division) of Myanmar, and situated on the banks of the Irrawaddy River. The Myathalun Pagoda, the beauty of Magway, located at the north of the city, is the landmark of Magway. Magway Region is famous for the cultivation of sesame and many kinds of nuts. It is also the second largest city of Magway Region and it is home to Magway Airport.

History
During British Occupation, Magway was a township of Minbu Division (or) Minbu province. Minbu Region was established with 3 districts. They are Minbu District, Thayet District and Yenangyaung District. Magway was a township of Yenangyaung District until 1974.

On 2 March 1962, the military led by General Ne Win took control of Burma through a coup d'état, and the government has been under direct or indirect control by the military. A new constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma was adopted in 1974.

By 1974, the name of Minbu region was changed to Magway Region and Yenangyaung District was abolished. Magway District was established with 6 townships. The Capital city was changed to Magway from Yenangyaung. In 1974, the urban population of Magway was 7,896.

Notable Places
Mya Tha Lun Pagoda

Climate
Magway has a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) under the Köppen climate classification.

Education

List of universities and colleges in Magway
Magway Education College
Magway University
Computer University, Magway
University of Medicine, Magway
University of Community Health, Magway
Technological University, Magway

Sports

The 3,000-seat Magway Stadium is a multi-use stadium and used mostly for football matches. The stadium is the home ground of Magway F.C, a Myanmar National League (MNL) football club. But, Magway FC was abolished in 2020,October.

Health care

Public Hospitals
 Magway Regional Hospital
 University Teaching Hospital of the University of Medicine (Magway)
 Magway Traditional Medicine Hospital

Future Plans
 Magwe Inland port development project in Irrawaddy River
 A new Cinema
 Upgrading Magwe Airport
 Kantha Lake upgrading

References

External links

Populated places in Magway Region
Township capitals of Myanmar

Magway, Myanmar