Noriaki Inoue (井上 鑑昭; Tanabe, 3. prosinca 1902. – Tokyo, 13. travnja 1994.), japanski majstor borilačkih vještina. Nećak je i izravni učenik Moriheija Ueshibe. Osnivač je škole Shinwa Taidō.

Životopis
Noriaki Inoue je rođen u Tanabeu 1902. godine. Bio je četvrto dijete Zensa Inouea i Tame Ueshibe, najstarije sestre Moriheija. Velik dio svoga djetinjstva proveo je u društvu Moriheija Ueshibe. Pridružio se ujaku u Shiratakiju u naseljenoj ekspediciji na sjeveru otoka Hokkaido (1912. – 1919.) i s njim je proučavao Daito-ryu aiki-jujutsu pod nadzorom Sokaku Takede. Također, bio je usko povezan s Ueshibinim otkrićem sekte Omoto-kyo u Ayabeu i susretom s duhovnim vođom Onisaburom Deguchijem koji je imao presudan utjecaj u kasnijoj filozofiji Moriheija Ueshibe.

Noriaki Inoue je tada aktivno surađivao sa svojim ujakom na širenju aiki-budōa, vještine koja je proizašla iz daitō-ryu-a, a koju je Morihei Ueshiba dodatno usavršio. Godine 1927. njih dvojica su se ljudi nastanili u Tokiju, predavajući na raznim mjestima sve do izgradnje 1931. godine Ueshibinog prvog stalnog dojo-a, Kobukana. Međutim, nakon drugog incidenta koji je zadesio Omoto-kyo (1935.), kada je vojna vlada pokušala suzbila sektu, došlo je i do sukoba između Ueshibe i njegovog nećaka. Rastali su s uzajamnim ogorčenjem. Nakon rata, Inoue je nastavio predavati u Tokiju neovisno od Ueshibe, podučavajući časnike američkog ratnog zrakoplovstva.

Dok je izvorni aiki-budō pod utjecajem Moriheija Ueshibe evoluirao u aikido, Inoue je nastavio podučavati svoju vještinu kao takvu sve do 1956. godine kada je promijenio ime u Shinwa Taidō, a potom u Shin'ei Taidō. Imao je slabu komunikaciju s organizacijom Aikikai koja je nastavila djelovati i nakon smrti Moriheija Ueshibe. Noriaka Inour je nastavio aktivno podučavati sve to smrti 1994. godine. Smatrao se suosnivačem aikida zajedno s Moriheijem Ueshibom, premda to obitelj Ueshiba osporava.

Inoue se tijekom života koristio raznim imenima: Kitamatsumaru (1902), Yoichiro (1909), Yoshiharu (1920), Seisho (1940), Hoken (1948), Teruyoshi (1971) i na kraju Noriaki (1973).

Izvori

Vanjske povezice
 We Spotlight Aiki Budo Master Noriaki Inoue

Japanske aikidoke

Noriaki Inoue


Nogometni klub "Murvica" (NK Murvica; Murvica) je nogometni klub iz Murvice, općina Poličnik, Zadarska županija. .

O klubu
Nogometni klub "Murvica" je osnovan 13. rujna 2009. godine. Prvu utakmicu je igrao 22. kolovoa 2010. u Poličniku protiv momčadi "Podgradine". S ligaškim natjecanjima je klub započeo u sezoni 2010./11.  Do izgradnje vlastitog igrališta, klub je koristio igralište "Dragovoljca" iz Poličnika.

Uspjesi

Pregled po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Povezani članci
 Murvica
 NK Abeceda sporta Murvica

Vanjske poveznice
 NK Murvica, facebook stranica
 nkmurvica.weebly.com, wayback arhiva
 opcina-policnik.hr, NK Murvica
 narodni-list.hr, NK Murvica: Ante Grgeč, novi predsjednik kluba, objavljeno 28. siječnja 2016.

Izvori
 nkmurvica.weebly.com:, Povijest, wayback arhiva od 26. rujna 2013.
 bisnode.hr, NOGOMETNI KLUB "MURVICA" MURVICA

Murvica

NK Murvica


Als Kundenerwartung werden im Marketing die – teilweise subjektiven und unterschiedlichen – Erwartungen verstanden, die Kunden gegenüber angebotenen Produkten und Dienstleistungen sowie gegenüber den Verkäufern hegen.

Allgemeines
Produkte/Dienstleistungen können nur verkauft werden, wenn sie dem Bedarf der Kunden entsprechen. In diesen Bedarf fließen die Kundenerwartungen ein. Diese werden jedenfalls nicht erfüllt, wenn "am Bedarf vorbei produziert" wird. Der Bedarf wird erst durch Geld zur Nachfrage. Das Güterangebot muss sich deshalb auf die Güternachfrage einstellen. Insoweit müssen die Unternehmensziele der Unternehmen und die persönlichen Ziele der Privathaushalte deckungsgleich sein, damit Angebot und Nachfrage zum Marktgleichgewicht gelangen. Kundenerwartungen sind die individuellen Ansprüche des Kunden an Produkt- und Dienstleistungsqualität. Diese Ansprüche sind nicht gleich, so dass mehrere Nachfrager unterschiedliche oder unterschiedlich gewichtete Erwartungen gegenüber demselben Produkt haben können.

Kriterien
Die Kundenerwartungen lassen sich in folgende Kriterien einteilen:

Jeder Kunde kann diese Kriterien unterschiedlich gewichten oder ihnen verschiedene Prioritäten beimessen. Die Kriterien sind nicht vollständig, so dass Kunden auch andere Erwartungen haben können.

"Die Kundenerwartung wird von der Art und Weise, wie der Kunde das Produkt wahrnimmt, beeinflusst, aber auch von früheren Erfahrungen, der Werbung, dem Hörensagen, der Kenntnisnahme von Wettbewerbern sowie dem Markenimage".

Determinanten der Kundenerwartung
Die Kundenerwartung besteht aus drei Determinanten: der kundenbezogenen, der unternehmensbezogenen und der konkurrenzbezogenen. Diese Determinanten beeinflussen und bilden die Kundenerwartung.
 Die kundenbezogene Determinante besteht aus der Kundenpersönlichkeit und aus der spezifischen Situation des Kunden. Zur Kundenpersönlichkeit gehört: das Bedürfnis, die Wünsche, die Servicephilosophie und die Leistungsfähigkeit des Kunden. Die spezifische Situation kann folgendes beinhalten: die zufällige Übernachfrage, höhere Gewalt oder auch übertragene Erwartungen.
 Die unternehmensbezogene Determinante besteht aus den bisherigen Erfahrungen des Kunden mit dem Unternehmen und den Serviceinformationen des Unternehmens. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen setzen sich zusammen aus der früheren Leistungsinanspruchnahme, der Mund-zu-Mund-Propaganda von Familie und Freunden und der Expertenaussagen über das Unternehmen. Die Serviceinformationen sind sowohl explizite Informationen, zum Beispiel im Rahmen der Kommunikation des Unternehmens, als auch implizite Informationen, zum Beispiel der Preis oder das Image des Unternehmens.
 Die konkurrenzbezogene Determinante besteht aus den bisherigen Erfahrungen mit den Konkurrenzunternehmen und den Konkurrenzinformationen. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen setzen sich zusammen aus der früheren Leistungsinanspruchnahme der Konkurrenz, der Mund-zu-Mund-Kommunikation von Familie und Freunden über die Konkurrenzunternehmen und der Expertenaussage über die Konkurrenzunternehmen. Die Konkurrenzinformationen sind die Angebote der Konkurrenz, die expliziten und impliziten Serviceinformationen der Konkurrenz sowie die Möglichkeit der Eigenerstellung eines Produktes.

Kundenerwartungen beim Einkauf
Kunden erwarten beim Einkauf oftmals Beratung, da sie von der Produktauswahl überfordert sind und Schwierigkeiten damit haben, sich für das für sie richtige Produkt zu entscheiden. Kunden erwarten als erstes, dass die Verkäufer freundlich und gut gelaunt sind. Des Weiteren erwarten die Kunden vom Verkäufer, dass sie ernst genommen, verstanden und anerkannt werden. Außerdem möchten sie Komfort und Aufmerksamkeit während ihres Einkaufs haben und das Gefühl haben, willkommen zu sein.

Allerdings ist zu beachten, dass die Kunden unterschiedlich hohe Erwartungen an ihren Einkauf haben, je nachdem, was sie kaufen. Es ist zu Unterscheiden zwischen einem Low-Involvement und einem High-Involvement. Involvement bezeichnet in diesem Fall das Engagement eines Kunden, sich für das Produkt zu interessieren.

Ein High-Involvement ist zum Beispiel der Kauf eines Autos, da es für den Kunden von großer Bedeutung ist, weil der Kauf mit hohen Kosten verbunden und eine Anschaffung für einen längeren Zeitraum ist. Der Kunde investiert in einen solchen Einkauf viel Energie und Zeit, um sich genau über das Angebot zu informieren und braucht eine gute Kaufberatung.

Ein Low-Involvement beschreibt das Gegenteil, zum Beispiel beim Kauf von Lebensmitteln. In diesem Fall steckt der Kunde wenig Zeit und Energie in eine Kaufberatung oder in die Suche von Informationen über das Produkt, da es alltägliche Produkte sind, die schnell verbraucht werden.

Wirtschaftliche Aspekte
Die Kunden haben zwar immer mehr Auswahl an Produkten, jedoch sind die Produkte auch ähnlicher geworden.

Die Erwartungen eines Kunden sind Ansichten und Meinungen über ein Produkt und werden vor der Kaufentscheidung gebildet. Kundenerwartungen eines Kunden müssen nicht stabil sein, sondern können sich im Zeitablauf ständig ändern. Im Rahmen der Qualitätsforschung wird davon ausgegangen, dass Kunden mit einer "inneren Qualitätsnorm" (normative Kundenerwartungen) mit der wahrgenommenen, aktuellen Produktqualität abgleichen und sich daraus ein Qualitätsurteil bilden. Prädikative Kundenerwartungen sind Vorhersagen, Antizipationen oder Wahrscheinlichkeiten im Hinblick auf ein bestimmtes Qualitätsniveau. Auf der Suche nach einem Restaurant in einer "schmuddeligen" Hafengegend wird der Kunde negative Vorstellungen entwickeln, die sehr wahrscheinlich zutreffen. Sichere Erwartungen wird er dagegen entwickeln, wenn er vor einem McDonald's mit standardisierten Produkten steht. Auf dem Mobilfunkmarkt beispielsweise gibt es sehr viele verschiedene Handys, jedoch haben alle ungefähr die gleichen Funktionen. Ein Smartphone zum Beispiel besitzt einen Touchscreen und eine eingebaute Kamera, gleichgültig, von welcher Firma es hergestellt wird. Somit ist es für Kunden sehr schwer geworden, sich für ein Produkt zu entscheiden und das richtige Produkt für ihre individuellen Bedürfnisse zu finden. Das Internet erhöht die Markttransparenz und ermöglicht daher gute Produktvergleiche, jedoch macht die große Auswahl an ähnlichen Produkten (Substitutionsgüter) eine Entscheidungsfindung für Kunden sehr schwer. Vom Verkäufer erwarten die Kunden eine sehr gute Beratung, damit sie bei der großen Auswahl das perfekte Produkt für sich finden und sich schneller für ein Produkt entscheiden können.

Die Kundenerwartungen fließen – wie alle übrigen Informationen (beispielsweise aus der Kundenberatung) – in die Kaufentscheidung ein. Stimmen die Erwartungen mit Qualität und Kaufpreis des Kaufobjekts vollständig überein, tritt Kundenzufriedenheit ein. Sie kommt zum Vorschein, wenn die Kundenerwartungen vollständig erfüllt werden. Die Kundenzufriedenheit ist jedoch subjektiv und bei jedem Kunden verschieden. Die Kundenzufriedenheit ist für Unternehmen von großer Bedeutung, da Kundenzufriedenheit zu einer Kundenbindung führen kann. Deshalb ist eine bestmögliche Kundenorientierung für Unternehmen sehr wichtig, um die Kundenerwartung ermitteln zu können und sie so zu erfüllen.

Die Kundenzufriedenheit wurde in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre unter dem Aspekt der Arbeitszufriedenheit der Arbeitnehmer untersucht. Eine der ersten Untersuchungen über die Kundenzufriedenheit erschien ersichtlich im Jahre 1969, wobei die Unternehmen als Messgröße der Kundenzufriedenheit Gewinne oder Marktanteile heranzogen. Das Ziel der Kundenzufriedenheit ist – wegen der subjektiven und auch psychologischen Implikationen – nicht dichotom (erreichbar/nicht erreichbar), sondern ist in unterschiedlichen Qualitäten erreichbar.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Betriebswirtschaftslehre
Marketing
Marketinglehre
Marktpsychologie

Kundenerwartung


Travis Caldwell es un actor estadounidense nacido el 16 de enero de 1989 en Phoenix, Arizona. Es principalmente conocido por interpretar a Charlie Monohan en la serie original de ABC, The Gates.

 Biografía
Caldwell inició su carrera apareciendo en un episodio de Zoey 101 en 2006. En ese mismo año, apareció en el cortometraje Family Karma, junto a Bruno Oliver, al que le siguieron otros dos cortometrajes: The Tap en 2008 y The Juggler en 2009.

Entre 2007 y 2008, Travis apareció como invitado en series tales como Women's Murder Club, Miss Guided, y la serie de la CBS, Without a Trace.

En 2010, apareció en la serie de TeenNick, Gigantic y en la serie de la NBC, Parenthood, además de terminar la película Hanna's Gold, junto a Luke Perry. Ese mismo año fue elegido para interpretar a Charlie Monohan, en la serie sobrenatural de ABC, The Gates, junto a Frank Grillo, Rhona Mitra, Marisol Nichols, Luke Mably, Skyler Samuels, Colton Haynes y James Preston.

En 2011, Travis apareció en The Lying Game donde dio vida a Kelvin e interpretó a Donny en Wizards of Waverly Place''.

Filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores de cine de Estados Unidos
Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Phoenix

Travis Caldwell


Kızılay, Ankara'nın Çankaya ilçesinde bulunan bir semt. Konum ve ulaşım itibarıyla Ankara'nın merkezi sayılmaktadır.

Kızılay Meydanı'nı bünyesinde barındıran semt ismini, 1970'li yılların başında yıkılıncaya kadar mevcut bulunan, Kızılay meydanının hemen yanı başındaki, Kızılay binasından almıştır. Konumu itibarıyla ulaşımı çok kolay olan Kızılay'dan Ankara'nın her tarafına toplu taşıma araçlarıyla ulaşılabilir. Metro ve Ankaray'ın merkezi olan semtte dolmuş ve otobüs olanakları da vardır. Kızılay, Ankara'nın kalbi konumundadır. Kültür ve eğlence aynı zamanda alışveriş merkezidir. Ünlü Kızılay Meydanı ile ünlenmiştir. Semtin içerisinde yine semtin merkezi konumunda bulunan ve aynı isme sahip olan Kızılay mahallesi olmak üzere, Cumhuriyet, Meşrutiyet, Namık Kemal, Devlet (Güvenpark tarafı), Fidanlık, Kocatepe, Kültür mahalleleri olmak üzere 8 mahalle bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Ankara.bel.tr

Çankaya'nın mahalleleri
Türkiye'deki alışveriş bölgeleri ve sokakları

Kızılay, Çankaya


Manden med de ni Fingre (John Smith) er hovedpersonen (og skurken) i Manden med de ni Fingre-filmene, alle instrueret af A.W. Sandberg:

Manden med de ni Fingre I (1915, manuskript Hans Holten)
Manden med de ni Fingre II (1915, manuskript A.W. Sandberg)
Manden med de ni Fingre III (1916, manuskript A.W. Sandberg)
Manden med de ni Fingre IV (1916, manuskript A.W. Sandberg)
Manden med de ni Fingre V (1917, manuskript A.W. Sandberg)

I alle filmene spilles John Smith, "Manden med de ni Fingre", af Aage Hertel, mens det øvrige persongalleri varierer fra film til film. Hovedmodstanderen er som regel Sylvester Jackson, der i de to første film er chef for politiet og spilles af Alf Blütecher, mens han i de sidste tre film blot er detektiv og spilles af Henry Seemann (i den fjerde film kaldes rollen dog blot "detektiv").

Fiktive personer

Manden med de ni Fingre


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Veľké Teriakovce enthält die zwei nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Veľké Teriakovce im Okres Rimavská Sobota.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Velke Teriakovce


El hermano enamorado (título original en napolitano, Lo frate 'nnamorato) es una ópera bufa en napolitano y en italiano compuesta en el año 1732 por Giovanni Battista Pergolesi sobre libreto de Gennaro Antonio Federico. Se estrenó en Nápoles el 27 de septiembre de 1732 en el Teatro dei Fiorentini, luego fue repuesta, con algunas modificaciones del autor, del mismo teatro durante las celebraciones del carnaval del año 1734.

Referencias
Bibliografía
 Filippo Caffarelli - Catalogo delle opere di G.B.Pergolesi - Roma 1941
 Pietro Celli ed. - Dizionario dell'Opera - Roma 2006
 Massimo Mila - Breve storia della musica - Turín 1963
Notas

Licencia

Óperas de Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
Óperas en italiano
Óperas de 1732
Óperas estrenadas en Nápoles
Óperas en napolitano

El hermano enamorado


محرم بك قسم من أقسام حي وسط الإسكندرية شمال مصر. كان قبل ثورة 1952 يعتبر حي الطبقة الأرستقراطية حيث تنتشر بالحي القصور والفيلات كما أنه متاخم لمحطة السكة الحديد عن طريق شارع محرم بك الرئيسي.

سبب التسمية
قسم محرم بك سُمّي على اسم محرم بك صهر محمد علي باشا، من مواليد عام 1795 بالديار الشرقية في مصر بقرية الميمونة وتربى بمدينة قولة اليونانية، وأمضى بها صباه، وتزوج من تفيدة هانم كريمة محمد علي باشا. وظل يشغل منصب محافظ الإسكندرية حتى وفاته في 20 ديسمبر 1847 وظل قائداً للأسطول البحري المصري حتى عام 1826. وقبلها شغل منصب محافظ الجيزة. ودفن بمسجد النبي دانيال. وتقديرا لمجهوداته وبطولاته أُطلق اسمه على أحد أحياء الإسكندرية.

شياخات قسم محرم بك
يتكون قسم محرم بك من الشياخات التالية:
 شياخة إمبروزو.
 شياخة الباب الجديد شرق.
 شياخة الباب الجديد غرب.
 شياخة بوالينو.
 شياخة راغب باشا.
 شياخة الصبحية.
 شياخة البر القبلي
 شياخة أبيس 7.
 شياخة أبيس 8.
 شياخة أبيس 10.

معالم قسم محرم بك

يضم القسم العديد من القصور والمعالم منها:
 ستاد الإسكندرية: ويعد أقدم ملاعب كرة القدم في أفريقيا والوطن العربي.
 كلية العلوم: وقد شيدت كـ«مدرسة العباسية الثانوية» وقد بنيت على طراز معمارى فريد من نوعه ثم نقلت المدرسة عام 1938 إلى موقعها الحالي بشارع جرين.
 قصر البارون منشا وتحول إلى «مدرسة الإسكندرية الثانوية» ثم انقسمت المدرسة إلى مدرستي «شدوان» و«المشير أحمد بدوي».
 مدرسة العباسية الثانوية: وهي المدرسة الجديدة التي نقلت عام 1938.
 قنصلية الصين بالإسكندرية.
 قصر الأمير عمر طوسون وقد هدم في بداية عهد الثورة وتحول إلى مخزن للكتب.
 متحف الفنون الجميلة.
 مكتبة بلدية الإسكندرية.
 محكمة كرموز.
 مسجدي أولاد الشيخ (القديم والجديد).
 كنيسة مارجرجس والأنبا أنطونيوس.
 ميدان الرصافة.
 ميدان الجمهورية.
 موقف محرم بك
إلى جانب أنه يحتوي على أكبر عدد من المدارس على مختلف مستوياتها بالنسبة إلى بقية أقسام وأحياء الإسكندرية ولا زال القسم يتمتع برونقة القديم بالرغم من زحف المباني العشوائية عليه.

انظر أيضا
 الإسكندرية.

أحياء الإسكندرية
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة الإسكندرية

محرم بك (الإسكندرية)


Sir Arnold Wesker  (24 May 1932 – 12 April 2016) was an English dramatist. He was the author of 50 plays, four volumes of short stories, two volumes of essays, much journalism and a book on the subject, a children's book, some poetry, and other assorted writings. His plays have been translated into 20 languages, and performed worldwide.

Early life
Wesker was born in Stepney, London, in 1932, the son of Leah (née Cecile Leah Perlmutter), a cook, and Joseph Wesker, a tailor's machinist and active communist.

Arnold Wesker was delivered by Samuel Sacks, father of neurologist Oliver Sacks.

He attended a Jewish Infants School in Whitechapel. His education was then fragmented during World War II. He was briefly evacuated to Ely, Cambridgeshire, before returning to London where he attended Dean Street School during the Blitz. He then returned to live with his parents who had moved to a council flat in Hackney, East London, where he attended Northwold Road School. He then attended Upton House Central School, Hackney, from 1943. This was a school where emphasis was placed on teaching office skills, including typing, to bright boys who however had not been selected for grammar school places. He was then evacuated again to Llantrisant, South Wales.

He was accepted into the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art but could not afford to take up his place there. Later, he served for two years in the Royal Air Force, and then went on to work as cook, furniture maker, and bookseller.

After saving up enough money, he went to study at the London School of Film Technique, now known as the London Film School<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/apr/13/sir-arnold-wesker-obituary |title=Sir Arnold West Obituary |access-date=2020-06-04 |work=Guardian|date=12 April 2016 }}</ref>

Career
His inspiration for 1957 play The Kitchen, which was later made into a film, came when he was working at the Bell Hotel in Norwich. It was while working here that he met his future wife Dusty.

Wesker's plays have dealt with themes including self-discovery, love, confronting death and political disillusion. Chicken Soup with Barley (1958) went out to the provinces. Rather than opening in the West End, its premiere was seen at the provincial Coventry Theatre, a locale which typified Wesker's political views as an 'angry young man'.

Wesker's play Roots (1959) was a kitchen sink drama about a girl, Beatie Bryant, who returns after three years of stay in London to her farming family home at Norfolk and struggles to voice herself. Critics commended the "emotional authenticity" brought out in the play. Roots, The Kitchen, and Their Very Own and Golden City were staged by the English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre under the management of George Devine and later William Gaskill.

Nuclear disarmament
Wesker joined with enthusiasm the Royal Court group on the Aldermaston March in 1959. Another of the Royal Court contingent, Lindsay Anderson, made a short documentary film (March to Aldermaston) about the event. He was an active member of the Committee of 100 and, with other prominent members, was jailed in 1961 for his part in its campaign of mass nonviolent resistance to nuclear weapons.

Centre 42
After his stay in prison in 1961, Wesker made a full-time commitment to become the leader of an initiative which arose from Resolution 42 of the 1960 Trades Union Congress, concerning the importance of arts in the community. Centre 42 was initially a touring festival aimed at devolving art and culture from London to the other main working class towns of Britain, moving to the Roundhouse in 1964. The project to establish a permanent arts centre struggled through subsequent years, because its funding was limited; Wesker fictionalised it in his play Their Very Own and Golden City (1966). He formally dissolved the project in 1970, although The Roundhouse did eventually open as a permanent arts centre in 2006.

Writers & Readers Publishing Cooperative
Wesker co-founded, in 1974,  the Writers & Readers Publishing Cooperative Ltd, with a group of writers that included John Berger, Lisa Appignanesi, Richard Appignanesi, Chris Searle and Glenn Thompson.

Later worksThe Journalists (1972) was commissioned by the Royal Shakespeare Company and researched at The Sunday Times at a time it when was edited by Harold Evans. The RSC's literary manager Ronald Bryden thought it would be "the play of the decade" and it was scheduled to be directed by David Jones. The actors in that year's RSC company refused to perform it, Wesker said, because they were under the influence of the Workers Revolutionary Party. (The WRP was not founded until 1973, but its forerunner, the Socialist Labour League had many sympathisers in the RSC.) Wesker wrote in 2004 that he had also "committed the politically incorrect crime of creating Tory ministers who were intelligent rather than caricatures".The Journalists received its American premiere at the Back Alley Theatre in Los Angeles in 1979. It was directed by Laura Zucker and produced by Allan Miller.

Wesker's play The Merchant (1976), which he later renamed Shylock, uses the same three stories used by Shakespeare for his play The Merchant of Venice.

In this retelling, Shylock and Antonio are fast friends bound by a common love of books, culture and a disdain for the crass antisemitism of the Christian community's laws. They make the bond in defiant mockery of the Christian establishment, never anticipating that the bond might become forfeit. When it does, the play argues, Shylock must carry through on the letter of the law or jeopardise the scant legal security of the entire Jewish community. He is, therefore, quite as grateful as Antonio when Portia, as in Shakespeare's play, shows the legal way out.

The play received its American premiere on 16 November 1977 at New York's Plymouth Theatre with Joseph Leon as Shylock, Marian Seldes as Shylock's sister Rivka and Roberta Maxwell as Portia. This production had a challenging history in previews on the road, culminating (after the first night out of town in Philadelphia on 8 September 1977) with the death of the exuberant Broadway star Zero Mostel, who was initially cast as Shylock.

Wesker wrote a book, The Birth of Shylock and the Death of Zero Mostel, chronicling the entire process from initial submissions and rejections of the play through to rehearsals, Zero's death, and the disappointment of the critical reception for the Broadway opening. The book reveals much about the playwright's relationship to director John Dexter (who had been the earliest, near-familial interpreter of Wesker's works), to criticism, to casting, and to the ephemeral process of collaboration through which the text of any play must pass.

In 2005, he published his first novel, Honey, which recounted the experiences of Beatie Bryant, the heroine of his earlier play Roots. The novel broke from the previously established chronology. Roots was set in the early 1960s and Beatie is 22; but in Honey she has only aged three years yet the action has been transplanted into the 1980s. Other oddities are that the timeframe includes the Rushdie affair and John Major's fall as recent events and yet the action is concerned with the dotcom boom.

In 2008, Wesker published his first collection of poetry, All Things Tire of Themselves (Flambard Press). The collection dates back many years and represents what he considered his best and most characteristic poems. He was a member of the editorial advisory board of Jewish Renaissance magazine.

He was a patron of the Shakespeare Schools Festival, a charity that enables school children across the UK to perform Shakespeare in professional theatres.

He was the castaway on Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, on in 1966 and again in 2006.

Archive
Wesker's papers, covering his entire career, were acquired by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin in 2000. The collection contains not only the prolific output of the playwright, novelist and poet but also is framed within the larger historical context of international events. Wesker was actively involved in the organizing of his archive, and before shipping it to the Ransom Center, Wesker compiled a list of the contents, which is also available to scholars for consultation. The collection's contents include over three hundred boxes of manuscript drafts, correspondence, production ephemera, personal records, and other materials. Wesker's family shipped the last of his papers to the Ransom Center in March, 2016 shortly before his death.

On 13 April 2016, the Leader of the Opposition, Jeremy Corbyn, gave thanks for the playwright's life. They shared a socialist background in London, where Corbyn is an MP.
I am sure the whole House will join me in mourning the death of the dramatist Arnold Wesker, one of the great playwrights of this country, one of those wonderful angry young men of the 1950s who, like so many angry young people, changed the face of our country.
The BBC repeated in May 2016 the retrospective radio programme on Wesker's career first broadcast at his 80th birthday.

Personal life

Wesker married Doreen Bicker in 1958. The character Beatie, in the so-called "Wesker trilogy" of plays, was inspired by Doreen, a chambermaid at The Bell Hotel, Norwich, where Wesker was working as a kitchen porter. He gave her the nickname of "Dusty", because of her "gold-dust" hair; an Arts Council bursary of £500 covered the cost of their marriage. The couple had three children Lindsay, Tanya and Daniel. Lindsay was named after director Lindsay Anderson. Tanya died in 2012. Wesker also had another daughter Elsa, with Swedish journalist, Disa Håstad. He was grandfather to Swedish rapper Yung Lean.

Wesker died on 12 April 2016. He was suffering from Parkinson's disease.

Awards and honours

Wesker received numerous awards throughout his career. In 1958 he received grant of  300 for the play Chicken Soup from the Arts Council of Great Britain. He used the money to marry Bicker. The following year he won the Evening Standard Theatre Award in the "Most Promising Playwright" category. He was presented with the Italian Marzotto Prize (a cash award of £3000) in 1964 for Their Very Own and Golden City, and the Spanish Best Foreign Play Award in 1979. He became a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1985 and was presented with the Goldie Award in 1987. For his "distinguished service to theatre" he was honoured with the Last Frontier Lifetime Achievement Award in 1999. He was knighted in the 2006 New Year Honours. In December 2021 a plaque in Wesker's memory was installed at his former primary school, Northwold Road, Hackney, London,  by the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation.

Works
The following list is drawn from Arnold Wesker's official website.
 PlaysThe Kitchen, 1957 Chicken Soup with Barley, 1958 Roots, 1959 I'm Talking about Jerusalem, 1960Menace, 1961 (for television)Chips with Everything, 1962The Nottingham Captain, 1962Four Seasons, 1965Their Very Own and Golden City, 1966The Friends, 1970The Old Ones, 1970The Journalists, 1972 The Wedding Feast, 1974The Merchant, 1976Love Letters on Blue Paper, 1976One More Ride On The Merry-Go-Round, 1978Phoenix, 1980Caritas, 1980 Voices on the Wind, 1980Breakfast, 1981Sullied Hand, 1981Four Portraits – Of Mothers, 1982Annie Wobbler, 1982Yardsale, 1983Cinders, 1983Whatever Happened to Betty Lemon?, 1986When God Wanted a Son, 1986Lady Othello, 1987Little Old Lady & Shoeshine, 1987Badenheim 1939, 1987Shoeshine, 1987The Mistress, 1988Beorhtel's Hill, 1988 (community play for Basildon)Men Die Women Survive, 1990Letter To A Daughter, 1990Blood Libel, 1991Wild Spring, 1992Bluey, 1993The Confession, 1993Circles of Perception, 1996Break, My Heart, 1997Denial, 1997Barabbas, 2000The Kitchen Musical, 2000Groupie, 2001 Longitude, 2002The Rocking Horse, 2008 (commissioned by the BBC World Service)Joy and Tyranny, 2011

 FictionSix Sundays in January, Jonathan Cape, 1971Love Letters on Blue Paper, Jonathan Cape, 1974Said the Old Man to the Young Man, Jonathan Cape, 1978Fatlips, Writers and Readers Harper & Row, 1978The King's Daughters, Quartet Books, 1998Honey, Pocket Books, 2006

 Non-fictionDistinctions, 1985 (collection of essays)Fears of Fragmentation, Jonathan Cape, 1971Say Goodbye You May Never See Them Again, Jonathan Cape, 1974Journey Into Journalism, Writers & Readers, 1977The Dusty Wesker Cook Book, Chatto & Windus, 1987As Much as I Dare, Century Random House, 1994 (Autobiography)The Birth of Shylock and the Death of Zero Mostel, Quartet Books, 1997Wesker On Theatre, 2010 (collection of essays) Ambivalences, Oberon Books, 2011

Notes

References

Further readingAmbivalences, Oberon Books, 2011 Chambers Biographical Dictionary (Chambers, Edinburgh, 2002) The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford 2004)

De Ornellas, Kevin. Focus on 'The Wesker Trilogy', Greenwich Exchange Press, 2020.

External links

Arnold Wesker Papers at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin

"Arnold's Choice". Interview with Arnold Wesker, by Kirsty Young. Desert Island Discs. Broadcast on BBC Radio 4, 17 December 2006; repeated 22 December 2006.
Interview with Arnold Wesker – British Library sound recording
"Sir Arnold Wesker, British playwright, dies aged 83", BBC News, 13 April 2016
Chris, Moncrieff, "Obituary: Sir Arnold Wesker, playwright", The Scotsman'', 13 April 2016
Archival material at
 "ir Arnold Wesker", The Royal Society of Literature

1932 births
2016 deaths
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
21st-century British dramatists and playwrights
English male dramatists and playwrights
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Knights Bachelor
People educated at University College School
People from Stepney
English Jews
People with Parkinson's disease
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers
Alumni of the London Film School

Arnold Wesker


O processo de 10 μm é o nível de tecnologia de processamento de semicondutor MOSFET que foi comercialmente atingiu cerca de 1971, por empresas de semicondutores principais tais como RCA e Intel.

Em 1960, o engenheiro egípcio Mohamed M. Atalla e o engenheiro coreano Dawon Kahng, enquanto trabalhavam na Bell Labs, demonstraram os primeiros transistores MOSFET com comprimentos de porta de 20 μm e, em seguida, 10 μm. Em 1969, a Intel lançou o chip 1101 MOS SRAM com um processo de 12 μm.

Fabricação de semicondutores
Intel
Microcontroladores
Microprocessadores

10 µm


Historia

Hitabaldaäs es una formación musical nacida en Barcelona y con influencias de nu jazz, rock experimental, trip-hop entre otros estilos.

La banda se crea en 1997 en forma de trío, con fuertes influencias del rock, post-rock anglosajón de la década de los 90, y el rock experimental y psicodelia de los años 70. Para entonces Jordi Blanch (Batería), Pere Esteve (Guitarra) y Josep Cussó (Bajo) fueron el motor de la formación, y con este set consiguieron ser unos de los tres finalistas del primer concurso de Rock de Badalona, fruto del cual se registrará la Canción Slide One que aparece en el recopilatorio Conspiradors a Badalona, registrado en el estudio de grabación Hizo en 1999 y que reaparece en una segundo disco recopilario del Concurso de música de Badalona en su 10º Aniversario, registrado el 1 de julio de 2008.

En el año dos mil 2000 se detiene su actividad y no será hasta el 2005 en el que reaparecen en forma de quinteto.
Se introduce en el set Iván Reyes (contrabajo), el trompetista de Five Mix Colors Ramón Casamajó y Pau Escoda (teclados). Seguirán allí algunos miembros fundadores (Jordi Blanch, Pere Esteve), y es con esta formación todavía presente con la que se registran en 2010 su primer trabajo de título homónimo.

Durante los años 2008 y 2011 realizan diversas colaboraciones con otros artistas como Raquel Piernas cantante de la formación Lost, Mc Sigilo perteneciente a la formación Afonkalipsis, o el cantautor Californiano de origen filipino Brian Mauleon, así como con distintos artistas plásticos como el Pintor Mario Tarragó, el productor de cine Independiente Galo Tobias.

Durante estos años en activo han hecho múltiples conciertos, destacando la participación en festivales audiovisuales como el "Festival Loop" en su edición de 2008, el "Visualsound '09", "Festival Autòcton '11", o otros conciertos no tan vinculados a la creación audiovisual, destacando la participación en el "Festinoval '11", "Rock4Japan" (en la 2 de Apolo), o en el "Objectiu Freedònia" performance realizada junto al pintor Mario Tarragó en el Teatre Lluïsos de Gràcia.
Destacar también la clasificación como semi-finalistas del "Proyecto Demo" de Radio 3 en su edición 2011, y la reciente aparición de la canción "Una altra nit freda i humida" en la película "XP3D" (2011) dirigida por Sergi Vizcaíno.

Actualmente (2012) Hitabaldaäs ha incorporado a su set una nueva voz, la de Silvia Tobajas, y un nuevo miembro para la creación de vídeo y fotografía, Jon A. Herrera.
También destacar que la banda se encuentra actualmente preparando la grabación de lo que será su segundo trabajo, grabación a cargo de Frank Rudow (ex Manta Ray, Bedroom, SUMA, la JR,...). Trabajo previsto para Julio-Agosto de 2012.

Primer LP: HITABALDAÄS
En el 2010 publican su primer trabajo llamado Hitabaldaäs, grabado durante el mes de agosto del año 2009 en el Estudio So i Art de Barcelona y masterizado por Alex Psauroudakis de The Hit Makers Mastering, el resultado es un álbum autoproducido
bajo una licencia Creative Commons y en el que colabora KillerFunk en dos remixes que aparecen al final de disco.

Canciones del Álbum: HITABALDAÄS
Alone 08:30
Golden reef 06:20
Lap on 04:59
Jan 05:21
Una altra nit freda i humida 04:2
Colors d'alba 02:41
That's all 06:43
1 (remixed by Killerfunk) 05:24 KillerFunk
2 (remixed by Killerfunk) 05:29 KillerFunk

 Enlaces externos

 Página web oficial
 Página oficial Proyecto Demo RNE, Edición 2011
 Nota de prensa, fecha de publicación 10/03/2011

Hitabaldaäs


Cami, toplamaktan toplayıcı anlamında, Müslümanların ibadet yeri, İslam mabedi demektir. Mescit Türkçede küçük mabetler için kullanılır ancak Arapça'da geniş manada ibadet yerlerine mescit denir.

Muhammed'in ilk mescidi Kuba Mescidi'dir. Medine'de yapılan ilk mescit ise Mescid-i Nebevi'dir. Cami mimarisi ana şeklini Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda kazandı. Mimar Sinan elinde mükemmelliğe erişti. Külliye halinde medrese, türbe, hastane, aşhane, mektep, kütüphane, çarşı, hamam, çeşmesiyle büyük camiler yapıldı, ibadet temel alınarak sosyal, siyasi, iktisadi faaliyet merkezi oldu.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti döneminde yapılan camiler de Osmanlı Mimarisi'ni örnek almıştır. Türk mimarisinin en çok ürettiği yapı camidir. Türkiye'de resmî olarak 78 bin cami bulunmaktadır.

Cami'nin başlıca kısımları

 Subasman
 Dış avlu
 İç avlu
 Kapılar
 Şadırvan
 Merdiven
 Pencereler
 Mahfel
 Maksure
 Mükbire
 Son cemaat yeri
 Revak
 Minare
 (cinali)
 İstinare
 Şerefe
 Alem
 Türbe
 Döşeme
 Ayakkabılık
 Minber
 Mihrap
 Vaaz kürsüsü
 Sütunlar
 Ağaçlar
 Parmaklıklar
 Mermerler
 Çiniler
 Ahşap
 Kesme taşlar

Camiler çeşitli tipte olabilir. Ulucami, tekkubbeliler, monumental, çift fonksiyonlu, tek veya çok minareli, selatin, barok.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'de cami mimarisi

Kaynakça
 Tahsin Öz, İstanbul Camileri, 1 ve 2. ciltler, TTK, Ank.1997.
 Türkiye 1923-1973 Ansiklopedisi, Kaynak K. İst.1973, c.2.
 Hasan Aksoy, "Cami", Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ansiklopedisi içinde, dergâh Y. İst.1977, c.2.3

Cami mimarisi

Cami mimarisi


John Williamson puede referirse a:

 Jack Williamson (1908–2006), escritor estadounidense de ciencia ficción;
 John Williamson (economista), economista británico nacido en 1937; o
 John Lee Williamson, baloncestista estadounidense.

John Williamson (desambiguación)


A disability pension is a form of pension given to those people who are permanently or temporarily unable to work due to a disability.

North America
An example of a disability pension is from a private or Public Pension Plan, or the Canada Pension Plan. Another example is Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) in the United States.

Generally, there is a minimum time of service required to be eligible for the disability retirement benefit. The claimant might be directed to sign a waiver for their medical records to be disclosed and commonly is scheduled for an independent medical evaluation (IME) to confirm they are permanently disabled. The pension is calculated based on years worked, so the disability retiree can retire earlier (since they are unable to work), but receives an equitable pension based on years of service.

Australasia

Australia
Australian residents of working age who are unable to work for 15 hours a week for the next two years are eligible for the Disability Support Pension. Those intending to claim the DSP need to provide a report from their treating doctor.

Beneficiaries of the Disability Support Pension receive significantly more than those on unemployment benefits; as of 1 October 2023 the basic rate is A$1096.70 per fortnight for singles with a child under care and A$826.70 for each member of a couple.

The Disability Support Pension, previously known as the Invalid Pension, were first introduced in the state of New South Wales in 1908. The Commonwealth government introduced a nationwide Invalid Pension on 5 December 1910.

Australians who are temporarily unable to work due to illness, injury or a short-term disability may be eligible for Sickness Allowance. Sickness Allowance pays less than the DSP; as of 1 January 2009, single recipients were entitled to a basic rate of A$449.30 per fortnight and couples A$405.30 for each person. However Sickness allowance was discontinued since 20 September 2020.

Like all Australian social security payments, eligibility for the DSP is not dependent on individual contributions; rather, benefits are paid out of general Commonwealth government revenue.

New Zealand
In New Zealand income support exists for people with physical or mental health issues.  The two main disability benefits are the Sickness Benefit, and the Invalid's Benefit. A doctor's referral and medical certificate (or equivalent) is needed to claim the benefits.  The Invalid's Benefit is for someone who has a severe disability, and/or long term sickness, which is paid slightly more than the Sickness Benefit.  In addition, there is the Disability Allowance, to supplement medical costs.  If the Disability Allowance does not pay for all medical costs, then Temporary Additional Support is provided, but obtaining it is more difficult.  All of these benefits have maximum limits, depending on such things as income (both the individual and their partner) and cash assets.  Note that the Sickness Benefit and Invalid's Benefit are for people aged less than 65 but the Disability Allowance is for anyone over 18 years.

China
According to central government guidelines, the basic pension insurance is set to 40% of the insured monthly wage. The disabled person is also eligible to receive temporary and permanent Disability benefits. Temporary benefits are in the amount of 100% of the individual's wage up to one year. There are 10 degrees of disability, with the percentage of the wage that the person receives ranging from 90%(for a first degree disability) to 60% (for a 6th degree disability). In addition to the pension, the person receives a benefit in the amount of 27 months worth of the person's previous wage (for a first degree disability) to 7 months of wages (for a 10th degree disability). The minimum amount of a benefit is determined by the minimum wage in the area.

Europe

European Union
Disability pension calculations vary depending on the country.  Countries like Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Croatia, Latvia, Hungary, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom apply a risk-based logic. In this case the length of the period when the individual was insured is not important, only that he or she was insured when the invalidity occurred.  Other countries use a pro-rata method, were the pension is higher for people who had been insured for a longer time.

France
•	To  be able to apply for a disability pension or as it is calles in France pension d'invalidité there should be fulfilled the following conditions:
1-Age requirement: The person has not reached yet the legal age for retirement. (for this country is 62 years old.)
2-Working capacity: The person should have significantly lost  his/her capability of working. The person must have a permanent disability over 80% (case of blind people) or vary to a range of 50%-60% disability which is the case of people certified as "unable to procure employment due to a disability".
3-Contributions: The person must have paid at least 12 months social security contributions before the day he/she is diagnosed.
4-Nationality: Being French is not a requirement. Having a proof that proves the legality of the residence in the country is necessary.

•	Categories
For considering the amount of disability benefit there are 2 factors considered: 1) The salary and the social security contributions and 2) The category of the disability.  Categories are divided as follow:
1-	1st Category: This category belongs to people who are still able to do some job that can be paid. The benefit is calculated in this form: SAM X 30%. (Average annual income*30%). The maximum annual amount of the pension is equal to 993.30 Euro per month, considering the social security threshold:  €11,919.60.
2-	2nd Category: This category belongs to people who are not capable of paid working and cannot perform professional activities anymore. The benefit is calculated in this form: SAM X 50%. (Average annual income*50%). The maximum annual amount of the pension is equal to €1,655.50 per month, considering the SST (social security threshold):  €19,866.
3-	3rd Category: This category belongs to people who are not capable of performing paid working and cannot perform professional activities anymore and are obliged to use assistance of a third person to meet the needs of everyday life. Comparing to previous category, the normal pension is increased by 40% reaching the maximum amount of €2,763 per month.

[SAM: Average yearly income. It represents the pension scheme of employees in its 10 best performance which are revalued and divided by 10. (in the case there are 10 years of work)
SST: Social security threshold is the maximum total that is defined each year under basis of which contributions and certain social security allowances are calculated.(In 2018 estimation, annual amount was €39,732)

•	Allowance for adults that have disabilities.
Apart from  pension d'invalidité  People with significant disabilities and low incomes can manage to receive an addition allowance named as AAH (allocation aux adultes handicapés). To benefit from this additional help, the factor of low income is strongly considered. For example: in 2017 a single disabled person with no children can be considered in AAH benefit only if the income was lower than  9,730.68 EUR per year.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the government department responsible for benefits for sick and disabled people is the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).

The United Kingdom pension types for disabled people are:

 Disability Living Allowance (DLA) which is a benefit for children who have walking difficulties or need personal care due to physical, mental or sensory disability. It was historically also available to people of working age (up to the age of 65)
 Personal Independence Payment (PIP) which is a new benefit for people of working age (between 18 and state pension age), who need help with personal care and/or mobility due to physical or mental disability. PIP will continue to be paid to claimants after they reach state pension age.
 Attendance Allowance (AA) which is a benefit for people over the state pension age (65), who need help with personal care due to physical or mental disability. Since PIP claims continue beyond pension age, AA will effectively be gradually superseded, taking a couple of decades to fade away.

In order to cover loss of income from illness and disability, there is also Statutory Sick Pay, and its long term equivalent - Employment and Support Allowance (ESA). The new Universal Credit scheme will include an equivalent element for those with long-term unfitness to work; ESA will consequently be abolished by the roll out of Universal Credit.

Czech Republic
There used to be a partial and full  disability pensions, but as of 2010, there is no longer a difference between these two types. Depending on how severe the disability of the individual is,  (i.e. how much their ability to work has decreased) they can be categorized into one of three degrees of disability. The degree of disability is determined by a health and capacity to work evaluation conducted by the Czech Social Security Administration's evaluation service.

An individual has to meet certain requirements in order to apply for a disability pension. A person is not eligible for a disability pension if they have already reached the age of 65, when one is already eligible for a standard old-age pension. The applicant must also meet the required term of insurance which rises with rising age. In case of an individual younger than 20 years, less than one year of insurance contributions are required. When the applicant is over 28 years old it is required that he has made at least 5 years of insurance contributions in his past 10 years. At an age higher than 38, 10 ears of previous insurance contributions are required. The required term of insurance is waived if the applicant's disability is from an accident at work or occupational disease or if the applicant has been declared disabled since childhood.

The disability pension consists of two components. The first is a basic amount which is fixed to 9% of average wages (2,700 CZK in 2018) . The second components is a percentage amount from the average of previous wages. The percentage is determined individually from the number of insured years. This amount is higher for higher degrees of disabilities.

Portugal
An individual is entitled to a disability pension [Pensão de invalidez] when the incompetency to work is certified by Sistema de Verificação de Incapacidades (SVI) [Incapacity Verification System], and the beneficiary has met the minimum qualifying period requirement.

Disability is classified into two categories. It may be relative or absolute. In the case of  a relative disability, the beneficiary's earning capacity for his or her own occupation is reduced, and he or she is not expected to recover within the next three years, and the beneficiary has registered earnings for at least five calendar years, consecutive or not. In the case of an absolute disability, the beneficiary is permanently and definitively incapable of working in any occupation and has registered earnings for at least 3 calendar years, consecutive or not.

The amount to be paid as a disability pension varies depending on the beneficiary's registered earnings and security contributions. There are minimum rates, for specific time ranges of contributions of the beneficiary. In addition to monthly disability pensions, the beneficiaries receive an extra payment in July and December as a holiday and Christmas bonus.

Finland
Disability pension in Finland is usually paid to an individual after they have already received a sickness benefit for around a year. In the case of not being able to work in their job or a similar one even after that one year, the individual can apply for a disability pension. "Disability pension can be granted to people aged 18–62 who are part of the earnings-related pension system." In case an individual is unable to work at all (specifically if their ability to work has decreased b at least 3/5), they may receive a full disability pension (työkyvyttömyyseläke). If the individual is partially unable to work (specifically if their ability to work has decreased by 2/5), they may receive a partial disability pension, which is half of the full disability pension.

When calculating the amount of the pension, there is a so-called projected pension component added to the pension. The projected pension component is made if the individual

 earned €17,807.01 in total (in 2019) over 10 calendar years before they became disabled
 paid earnings-related pension insurance on income.

The accrued rate is 1.5% of gross wages for the 5 years prior to disability retirement.

The disability pension can also be increased by a rehabilitation benefit which is an additional 33% of the original pension amount. (2019)

References

Pension
Pensions

Disability pension


ගණිතයෙහි, ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමකයක් යනු ඒවායේ අගය 6කින් එකිනෙක හා වෙනස් වන ප්‍රථමක සංඛ්‍යා (p, p + 6) යුගලයකි. නිදසුනක් ලෙසින්, 5 සහ 11 යන සංඛ්‍යා දෙකම ප්‍රථමක සංඛ්‍යා වන අතර ඒවා අතර වෙනස 6 ක් වෙයි. p + 2 හෝ p + 4 යන්නද ප්‍රථමක වේ නම්, එවිට ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමකය ප්‍රථමක ත්‍රිත්වයක කොටසක් වෙයි.

"ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක" යන්නට ඉංග්‍රීසි වදන වන "සෙක්සි ප්‍රයිම්" "sexy prime"යන්න ලිංගිකත්වයට හෝ අනුරාගයට හෝ කිසිම සම්බන්ධයක් නොදක්වන අතර, එය සංඛ්‍යාව "හය " "six" යන්නට ලතින් වදන වන : "sex" "සෙක්ස්" යන්නෙන් පැන නැගී ඇත.

n# අංකනය

මෙම ලිපියෙහි භාවිතා වන විධි ප්‍රකාර, n# යන්නෙන් අදහස් වන්නේ  (n සංඛ්‍යාවට අඩු හෝ සමාන) ≤ n සියළු ප්‍රථමකයන්ගේ ගුණිතය 2 · 3 · 5 · 7 · … වෙයි.

සමූහන වර්ග

ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක යුගල
500 ට අඩු ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක (OEIS හි  සහ  යන අනුක්‍රමයන්) වන්නේ:

(5,11), (7,13), (11,17), (13,19), (17,23), (23,29), (31,37), (37,43), (41,47),    (47,53), (53,59), (61,67), (67,73), (73,79), (83,89), (97,103), (101,107), (103,109), (107,113), (131,137), (151,157), (157,163), (167,173), (173,179), (191,197), (193,199), (223,229), (227,233), (233,239), (251,257), (257,263), (263,269), (271,277), (277,283), (307,313), (311,317), (331,337), (347,353), (353,359), (367,373), (373,379), (383,389), (433,439), (443,449), (457,463), (461,467).

, දැනට දන්නා විශාලතම ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමකය සොයා ගන්නා ලද්දේ කෙන් ඩේවිස් විසින් වන අතර එහි සංඛ්‍යාංක  11593 ක් තිබිණි. මෙම ප්‍රථමක යුගලය (p, p+6), p = (117924851×587502×9001#×(587502×9001#+1)+210)×(587502×9001#−1)/35+5 සඳහා විය.
9001# = 2×3×5×...×9001 යනු ප්‍රථමකාරෝපිතයකි, i.e. (9001 ට අඩු හෝ සමාන) ≤ 9001 ප්‍රථමක වල ගුණිතයයි.

 ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක ත්‍රිත්ව
වඩාත් විශාල පරිවාරයන් වෙත ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක විස්තීරණය කල හැක.  p + 18 සසාධකයක් වන පරිදී (p, p + 6, p + 12) යන ප්‍රථමක ත්‍රිත්ව හැඳින්වෙන්කේ  ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක ත්‍රිත්ව ලෙසිනි. 1000 ට අඩු එවැන්න (, , ) වන්නේ:

(7,13,19), (17,23,29), (31,37,43), (47,53,59), (67,73,79), (97,103,109), (101,107,113), (151,157,163), (167,173,179), (227,233,239), (257,263,269), (271,277,283), (347,353,359), (367,373,379), (557,563,569), (587,593,599), (607,613,619), (647,653,659), (727,733,739), (941,947,953), (971,977,983).

 කෙන් ඩේවිස් විසින් සොයා ගන්නා ලද දැනට දන්නා විශාලතම ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක ත්‍රිත්වයෙහි, සංඛ්‍යාංක 5132 තිබිණි: p = (84055657369 · 205881 · 4001# · (205881 · 4001# + 1) + 210) · (205881 · 4001# - 1) / 35 + 1.

 ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක චතූර්ථ
ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක චතූර්ථයන්හී   (p, p + 6, p + 12, p + 18) පළමු ප්‍රථමකයන් ඒවා දශාංශ නිරූපණය අනුව දැක්වූ කල 1 න් අවසන් වන ඒවා විය යුතුයි ( p = 5 යන්න සහිත චතූර්ථය හැර). 1000 ට අඩු ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක චතූර්ථ (, , , ) වන්නේ:
(5,11,17,23), (11,17,23,29), (41,47,53,59), (61,67,73,79), (251,257,263,269), (601,607,613,619), (641,647,653,659).

2005 නොවැම්බර් වන විට, ජෙන්ස් ක්‍රෑස් ඇන්ඩර්සන් විසින් සොයාගන්නා ලද දැනට දන්නා විශාලතම ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක චතූර්ථයෙහි සංඛ්‍යාංක1002 තිබිණි:
 p = 411784973 · 2347# + 3301.

2010 සැප්තැම්බර් වන විට  කෙන් ඩේවිස් විසින් p = 23333  + 1582534968299 සහිත  1004-සංඛ්‍යාංක චතූර්ථයක් සොයාගත් බව ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කෙරිණි.

 ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක පංචක
පොදු අන්තර 6 ක් වන සහ  පද පහක් සහිත සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක , 6>5 බැවින් සහ  සංඛ‍්‍යාවන් දෙක සාපේක්ෂීය ප්‍රථමක වන බැවින්, එක් පදයක්  5 න් බෙදිය හැකි විය යුතුය. එබැවින්, එකම ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක පංචකය (5,11,17,23,29) වන අතර ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමකයන්හී මීට දිගු අනුක්‍රමයන් නෙපවතියි.

 මෙය බලන්න
 නිවුන් ප්‍රථමක (2 න් වෙනස් වන ප්‍රථමක දෙකක්)
 ඥාති ප්‍රථමක (4 න් වෙනස් වන ප්‍රථමක දෙකක්)
 ප්‍රථමක k-tuple

 ආශ්‍රිත

  Retrieved on 2007-02-28 (ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක ත්‍රිත්වයකදී p''+18 සසාධක විය යුතු නමුත්, එය හැර වෙනත් සීමා නොපැනවේ)

ප්‍රථමක සංඛ්‍යා වර්ග

ෂඩ් ප්‍රථමක


Gani Müjde (d. 27 Kasım 1959, İstanbul), Türk yazar, karikatürist, senarist, yönetmen ve sunucudur. Güngören İzzet Ünver Lisesi ve Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Sinema-Televizyon Bölümü mezunudur.

Yaşamı
Kosova-Prizren göçmeni bir ailenin dördüncü ve son çocuğudur. Lise yıllarında karikatüre olan ilgisi nedeni ile Gırgır dergisine gidip gelirken zamanla dergide çalışmaya başladı. Sekiz yıla yakın bir süre Gırgır ve Fırt dergilerinde çalıştı. Laklak adlı dergide bir süre editörlük yaptı. Sonra bir grup arkadaşı ile birlikte ayrılıp Limon dergisini  kurdu. Bu dergide "Peynir Gemisi" başlığı altında sürekli yazılar yazmaya başladı. Tükenmezkalem Film adlı bir yazım ve prodüksiyon şirketi kurdu. Komedi Türkiye isimli bir yarışma programında jürilik yaptı. Gülse Birsel ile birlikte programın skeçlerini yazdı.

Sanatçı Belma Canciğer ile evlidir. Ece Su ve Arda adında iki çocuğu vardır.

Çalışmaları

Çalıştığı kurumlar

 Gırgır
 Fırt
 Laklak
 Limon
 Nankör
 Deli
 Politika
 Şenola
 Günaydın
 Güneş
 Cumhuriyet
 Tomorrow
 Aktüel
 Sabah
 Milliyet
 Penguen
 Naviga

Yapıtları

 Peynir Gemisi (22. baskı)
 T.Örkiye (14. baskı)
 Ayaküstü (9. baskı)
 Beraber ve Solo Kaygılar (9. baskı)
 Ahmak Islatan (6. baskı)
 Aramızda Kalsın (6. baskı)
 Seni sevdiğimi kimseye söyleme çünkü ben herkese söyledim (8. baskı)
 Üç yanlış bir doğruyu götürür (4. baskı)
 İsim, şehir, hayvan, bitki (2. baskı)
 Kahpe Bizans (Senaryo kitabı)
 Ya benimsin ya toprağın ya da arasını bulalım (2. baskı)
 Bendeki kulak Van Gogh'ta yok

Yazdığı veya katkıda bulunduğu sahne gösterileri
 Uğur Yücel - Müjde Ar Show
 Uğur Yücel - Sezen Aksu Show
 Müzikomedi (Nükhet Duru - Demet Akbağ - Rasim Öztekin)
 Mega Show
 Ve Cem Özer ve...
 Beyaz stand-up

Yazdığı tiyatro oyunları

 Burası T.Ö.rkiye (Ercan Yazgan - Cihat Tamer)
 2011 Türkiye (Demet Akbağ - Rasim Öztekin - Cenk Koray)

Sunduğu televizyon programları
 Gündem Dışı (NTV)
 Gündem Dışı XL (NTV)
 Denizde Hayat (NTV)
 Miras (TRT)
 Pişşti (Star TV)
 Normal misin (Türkmax)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Beyazperde'de Gani Müjde
 IMDb'de Gani Müjde
 Instagram'da Gani Müjde
 SinemaTürk'te Gani Müjde
 Sinemalar.com'da Gani Müjde
 Twitter'da Gani Müjde
 TSA'de Gani Müjde

1959 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu yazarlar
Türk film yönetmenleri
Türk karikatüristler
Türk senaristler
Türk yazarlar
Arnavut asıllı Türkler
Türk televizyon sunucuları
Türk oyun yazarları
Türk mizah yazarları
Yaşayan insanlar
Resim aranan yazarlar
Mimar Sinan Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler

Gani Müjde


Kreditaftaleloven er en forbrugerbeskyttelseslov, som skal sikre gennemsigtighed på lånemarkedet, således at man som forbruger kan sammenligne forskellige lånetilbud fra professionelle låneudbydere.

Kreditaftaleloven har 14 kapitler med i alt 60 paragraffer. Kreditaftaleloven erstattede fra år 1991 Kreditkøbsloven. Her blev EF-direktivet om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes love og administrative bestemmelser om forbrugerkredit gennemført i dansk ret. EF-direktivet blev indført for at fremme det indre markeds opbygning og funktion, samt sikre forbrugerne på et højt beskyttelsesniveau. Direktivet gælder alle forbrugerkreditaftaler. I 2010 blev Kreditaftaleloven ændret. Her gennemførtes et nyt forbrugerkreditdirektiv (2008/48/EF), der er et totalharmoniseringsdirektiv, der dikterer samme løsning i alle medlemsstater inden for sit anvendelsesområde. Kreditaftaleloven har især fået mediebevågenhed efter at Folketinget pr. 1. januar 2017 indførte en betænkningstid på 48 timer på kviklån.

Definition af kreditaftalen
Kreditaftalen defineres i § 4, nr. 3, som en aftale i form af henstand, lån eller anden tilsvarende form for finansiel ydelse, undtagen aftaler om præstation af ydelser, eksempelvis gas, vand og elektricitet.

Lovens særlige vigtige bestemmelser
 Kreditgiverne skal tydeligt skilte med relevante informationer for lånet eksempelvis lånets ÅOP.
 Forbrugeren har 14 dages fortrydelsesret.
 Forbrugeren har en betænkningstid på 48 timer, der betyder, at han eller hun ikke kan få udbetalt lånet før der er gået 48 timer.

Kilder

 Bekendtgørelse af lov om kreditaftaler
 Nye love og regler trådte i kraft ved nytår
 Ikke så hurtigt: Nu kommer der tænkepause på kviklån
 EF-direktiv (2008/48/EF)

Danmarks love
Aftaleloven

Kreditaftaleloven


Hinn brúni kani (fræðiheiti: Pelecanus occidentalis) er tegund pelíkana.

Heimildaskrá

Pelíkanar

Brúni kani


The Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bernsteini) is a tern in the family Laridae. It is the county bird of Lienchiang County, Fuchien.

Description
It is closely related to the Sandwich tern, T. sandvicensis, and the lesser crested tern, T. bengalensis. It is most similar to the former, differing only in the bill pattern, which is the reverse of the Sandwich tern's, being yellow with a black tip. From the lesser crested tern, which it overlaps in wintering distribution, it can be told by the white rump and paler grey mantle, as well as the black tip to the bill, which seen from up close also has a white point. The larger greater crested tern is also similar, differing in its stouter, all-yellow bill and darker grey mantle and rump, as well as in size.

Distribution and conservation
It is a critically endangered species, and previously thought extinct. Only four pairs were rediscovered in 2000 nesting in a greater crested tern colony on an islet in the Matsu Islands (a territory governed by Taiwan), just off the coast of Fujian Province, China, and wintering south to the Philippines. In the past, it had a wider distribution of the Chinese east coast north to Shandong Province. The decline is thought to be due to past hunting and egg collection for food. This colony may have been protected due to the islands' disputed status (administered by the Taiwanese government but claimed by mainland China), and the military sensitivity of the area, which has restricted access. The islet has now been declared a wildlife sanctuary. It is possible that other small colonies may yet be found off the Chinese and Taiwanese coasts; migrant birds have been seen near the mouth of the Pachang River in southern Taiwan. The total population is speculated to be less than 50 birds.

In 2007 it was estimated that the Chinese crested tern would be extinct in five years if authorities would not protect it. BirdLife International of Cambridge, England, stated that a survey of Chinese experts found that the number of crested terns fell to 50 birds, half the population of 2004. A Chinese survey team led by Chen Shuihua stated that the bird was "on the verge of extinction."

It is currently threatened by illegal egg collection, typhoons, and disturbance of nesting colonies by fishermen. There is also a threat of hybridization with the greater crested tern.

In 2016, for the first time, Chinese crested terns were found breeding in South Korea. Setting up a new colony in such a faraway area would prove a boon for the species.

References

 Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005): A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459–469. PDF fulltext

External links
 BirdLife Species Factsheet.
 Matsu Islands information
 Oriental Bird Club - rediscovery of Chinese Crested Tern (with photo)
 Taiwan Fauna (with photo)

Thalasseus
Birds described in 1863
Critically endangered fauna of China

Chinese crested tern


Samuel Umtiti (născut pe 14 noiembrie 1993 în Yaoundé, Camerun) este un fotbalist francez naturalizat care joacă pe postul de fundaș central la clubul italian, Lecce, din Serie A, Italia, împrumutat pentru un sezon de la FC Barcelona.

Biografie
Samuel Umtiti s-a născut în Camerun și este cel mai mic dintr-o familie de patru copii. Când Samuel avea doi ani, familia lui s-a mutat în orașul francez Lyon. Începe practicarea fotbalului la vârsta de cinci ani, împreună cu prietenul lui, Sébastien Flochon, la clubul FC Menival din Lyon. În 2002, la vârsta de opt ani, Samuel este descoperit de scouterii echipei Olympique Lyon. La Lyon a început să joace ca atacant, după care ca mijlocaș și în cele din urmă ca fundaș. A purtat de mai multe ori banderola de căpitan la echipele de tineret ale Lyon.

Cariera

F. C. Barcelona
Pe 30 iunie 2016, Lyon ajunge la un acord cu FC Barcelona pentru transferul jucătorului, în schimbul sumei de 25 de milioane de euro. Transferul oficial al lui Samuel Umtiti la FC Barcelona are loc pe 12 iulie 2016, când semnează un contract pentru 5 sezoane, cu o clauză reziliere de 60 de milioane de euro. Samuel Umtiti și-a făcut debutul ca jucător la FC Barcelona în Trofeul Joan Gamper împotriva lui Sampdoria pe 10 august 2016.

Statistici

Notes

Echipa națională
Umtiti a jucat pentru Selecționatele de tineret ale Franței u-17, u-18, u-19 și u-20. Cu selecționata sub-17 a participat la Campionatul European Sub 17 ani de la UEFA din 2010, iar cu echipa sub-20, a câștigat Cupa Mondială 2013 după o finală disputată împotriva Uruguayului.

Euro 2016
Deși încă nu debutase la naționala de seniori, în mai 2016 a fost inclus de antrenorul Didier Deschamps în lotul naționalei Franței pentru Euro 2016, în locul accidentatului Jérémy Mathieu, fiindu-i atribuit tricoul cu numărul 22. Debutul său internațional are loc pe 3 iulie împotriva Islandei pe Stade de France, în sferturile de finală ale Campionatului european, fiind titularizat în locul Adil Rami, care era suspendat. Umtiti a jucat tot meciul, care s-a încheiat cu o victorie cu 5-2 pentru Franța. Astfel, a devenit doar al doilea jucător din Franța (după Gabriel De Michèle în Cupa Mondială din 1966) care a debutat într-un meci de fazele finale ale unei competiții internaționale și, mai mult de atât, a avut o precizie de 100% în cele 77 de pase pe care le-a dat în timpul meciului. Prin prestația excelentă, Samuel și-a asigurat locul de titular în semi-finala împotriva Germaniei, pe care au învins-o cu scorul de 0-2. Pe 10 iulie, Samuel a fost titular în finala competiției, disputată împotriva Portugaliei, având o remarcabilă prestație în apărare alături de Laurent Koscielny. Franța a pierdut însă cu 0-1 finala, în prelungiri, după golul reușit de Éder în minutul 109.

Palmares

Campionate Naționale

Campionate Internaționale
Echipa Națională

Referințe

Fotbaliști camerunezi
Nașteri în 1993
Fotbaliști francezi
Fotbaliști internaționali francezi
Fotbaliști ai FC Barcelona
Fotbaliști ai Campionatului Mondial de Fotbal 2018

Samuel Umtiti


159865 Silvialonso este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
159865 Silvialonso este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Begues de José Manteca. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,35 ua, o excentricitate de 0,20 și o înclinație de 11,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 159001-160000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2004
Centura de asteroizi

159865 Silvialonso


Belisario Gache (¿1825? - 1919) fue Secretario del primer gobernador del Territorio Nacional del Chaco. Ejerció como Gobernador desde el 31 de enero de 1875 hasta el 20 de febrero de 1875, cuando es designado Napoleón Uriburu.

Biografía

Hijo de Pancracio Gache y Felipuda Benítez, es poco lo que se sabe del exgobernador interino del Chaco. Se dice que nació en 1825 en Buenos Aires y falleció en Chaco en 1919. Cuando contaba con unos 31 años de edad se enroló en el ejército. Participó en varias campañas contra los indígenas del Chaco, y combatió en la segunda campaña contra los federales de La Rioja, dirigidos por el general "Chacho" Peñaloza en 1863.

En 1875 fue nombrado Gobernador Interino del Territorio Nacional del Chaco durante el 31 de enero de 1875 hasta el 20 de febrero del mismo año.

Sus últimos años
Tras sus funciones en la Gobernación, residió en Chaco, hasta que en diciembre de 1919 a los 94 años de edad enfermó y falleció 15 días después.

Gobernadores del Territorio Nacional del Gran Chaco
Militares de Argentina

Belisario Gache


Die Oberliga Südwest 1980/81 war die dritte Spielzeit der drittklassigen Oberliga.

Da die 2. Bundesliga auf eine Staffel reduziert wurde, gab es nach dieser Saison keine Aufsteiger aus den Oberligen. Meister Mainz 05 blieb somit ein Aufstieg verwehrt und nahm daraufhin an der deutschen Amateurmeisterschafts-Endrunde teil, in der die Mannschaft in der 1. Runde gegen den FC St. Pauli verlor.

Absteigen in die untergeordneten Ligen mussten vier statt wie zuvor drei Vereine. Diese waren der FC St. Wendel, TuS Neuendorf, der SV Viktoria Herxheim und der erst im Vorjahr aus der Verbandsliga aufgestiegene TuS Landstuhl. Im Gegenzug stiegen zur Folgesaison Rot-Weiß Hasborn-Dautweiler (Saar), der FK Clausen (Südwest) und der SV Leiwen (Rheinland), als jeweiliger Staffelmeister auf. Aus der aufgelösten 2. Bundesliga Süd kamen Eintracht Trier, der FC 08 Homburg, der 1. FC Saarbrücken und Borussia Neunkirchen in die Oberliga Südwest dazu.

Abschlusstabelle

|}

Kreuztabelle
Die Kreuztabelle stellt die Ergebnisse aller Spiele dieser Saison dar. Die Heimmannschaft ist in der linken Spalte aufgelistet und die Gastmannschaft in der obersten Reihe.

Südwestmeister

Literatur

Weblinks
 Die Oberliga Südwest 1980/81 bei f-archiv.de
 Saisonarchiv vom 1. FSV Mainz 05

1980
Fußballsaison 1980/81

Fußball-Oberliga Südwest 1980/81


Karatay, Konya ilinin üç merkez ilçesinden birisidir. Karatay ilçesinin yüzölçümü 2780 km², denizden yüksekliği ise 1015 metredir.

Karatay'da Mevlânâ Müzesi bulunduğundan çok yoğun bir şekilde yerli ve yabancı turist ilçeye gelmektedir.

Nüfus

Ayrıca bakınız
 KTO Karatay Üniversitesi

Kaynakça

Karatay, Konya


Mönkhagen, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaleti Stormarn iline bağlı bölge. 7,3 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu 31 Aralık 2003 itibarıyla 641 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nüfus yoğunluğu ise 88 seviyesindedir. Belediye başkanlığı Klaus Bleiziffer tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi site

Stormarn iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Mönkhagen


Henry Tedlie (1792 - 1818) fue un explorador, cirujano y botánico irlandés con autoridad en la flora del Cabo, y de Ghana, estudiando también la medicina botánica nativa.

Con Thomas Edward Bowdich que ya estaba al servicio de la African Company of Merchants y fue enviado a Cape Coast, siendo en 1817 enviados a Kumasi, en una misión al reino de Ashanti, y gracias principalmente a sus hábiles diplomacias, la misión tuvo éxito en su objetivo de asegurar el control británico sobre los indígenas de la costa. Tuvo recurrentes fiebres y sufría de malaria, falleciendo por dicha patología.

Eponimia
 (Asteraceae) Gynura tedliei (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore ex Hutch. & Dalziel
 (Asteraceae) Mikaniopsis tedliei (Oliv. & Hiern) C.D.Adams

Bibliografía utilizada
 . 1997. African ethnomedicine: An anthropological and ethno-archaelogical case study in Ghana. Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente 52 ( 2): 289-298

Referencias

Botánicos de Irlanda del siglo XIX
Escritores en inglés
Exploradores de Irlanda
Fallecidos por malaria

Henry Tedlie


Sankt Stefans Kirken er en dansk kirke beliggende i andelslandsbyen Nyvang i Holbæk Kommune. Kirken var oprindeligt en evangelisk-luthersk frikirke beliggende i Igelsø. Den oprindelige kirke blev bygget i 1884. På grund af menighedens svindende medlemstal blev kirken med menighedshus, stald og en tilhørende bolig i 1996 solgt til andelslandsbyen Nyvang for 125.000 kroner og senere flyttet hertil. De oprindelige mursten kunne ikke genbruges, og kirken blev derfor genopført i nye sten på andelslandsbyens område. Den genopførte kirke blev indviet den 14. april 2007 som lejlighedskirke af Roskildes daværende biskop Jan Lindhardt og hører nu til Folkekirken. Kirken kan lejes til dåb og vielser.

Gudstjenesterne kunne dengang vare ofte tre til fire timer, og mange fra menigheden kom langsvejs fra på hesteryg for at være med, så der blev også bygget en stald, så dyrene kunne holde ventetiden ud.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Fotos af kirken
 Sankt Stefans Kirke hos KortTilKirken.dk
 Fotos af kirken

Kirker i Holbæk Kommune

Sankt Stefanskirken (Nyvang)


Vallenilla ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Keydomar Vallenilla (* 1999), venezolanischer Gewichtheber

 Luis Vallenilla (* 1974), venezolanischer Fußballspieler
 Winston Vallenilla (* 1973), venezolanischer Schauspieler

Vallenilla


Pirimidina (1,3-diazina) este un compus heterociclic aromatic asemănător piridinei. Cei doi atomi de azot sunt plasați în heterociclu în pozițiile 1 și 3.

În acizii nucleici, există trei baze azotate derivate de la pirimidină, numite  baze primidinice: citozina, timina și uracilul.

Note

Bibliografie
 C. D. Nenițescu, Chimie Organică, vol. II, ediția a VIII-a, Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1980

Vezi și
 Purină

Pirimidină


Lago di Ariamacina er en sø i Cosenza, Calabrien, i det sydlige Italien. Den ligger i bjergkæden La Sila i Nationalpark Sila. Floden Neto løber gennem søen, som er et reservoir bygget mellem 1953 og 1955 med en dæmning over Neto for at producere vandkraft. Nord for søen ligger Lago di Cecita og mod syd søen Lago Arvo.

References

Calabrien
Søer i Italien

Lago di Ariamacina


Åkær Å er en omkring 17 kilometer å der løber vest for Kolding. Den har sit udspring  cirka midt mellem Bække og Vester Nebel i Vejen Kommune () og løber hovedsageligt mod syd til ned Hesselvad Bro i nærheden af Lunderskov, hvor den svinger mod øst og  ved sammenløbet med Vester Nebel Å cirka en kilometer vest for Ejstrup danner Kolding Å. På store dele af det sydgående løb ned til Lunderskov danner den kommunegrænse mellem Vejen-  og Kolding Kommuner.

Kilder og henvisninger
 Kort over åens løb miljoegis.mim.dk

 Sammenløbet med Vester Nebel Å

Vandløb i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Vejen Kommune
Lokaliteter i Kolding Kommune

Åkær Å (Anst Herred)


Una Guía de televisión social(Social TV Guide) es un servicio surgido a través de la Televisión social el cual incorpora a una de las prestaciones de la televisión digital, EPG (guía electrónica de programas), el complemento de la interacción social.
Una guía electrónica de programas social abre muchas posibilidades a la personalización del contenido a consumir, porque se basa tanto en la programación que existe en la televisión tradicional como en los gustos individuales y  preferencias de sus contactos.

Precendentes
Al ser la Televisión social un hecho, se necesitaba de algún sistema que organice, recomiende y almacene las preferencias de los usuarios para ofrecer un servicio personalizado de los contenidos audiovisuales,  maximizando la compatibilidad entre lo que se ve normalmente y lo que es posible que te también le guste al consumidor y que además, con la gran cantidad de información personal que contienen las redes sociales, se podía conseguir este objetivo con mucha más exactitud.

Una guía de televisión social se encuentra muy ligada al concepto de Segundas pantallas, ya que es en estos dispositivos (mayoritariamente) donde la información se mostrará al usuario.

Funcionamiento
 El usuario se dará de alta en algún servicio de guía de televisión social:
SocialGuide ,
YapTV,
ZeeboxFacebookTvGuide,
Tioti etc.

 Conectará el dispositivo de visualización (teléfono inteligente, tableta) al televisor, STB.
 Obtendrá una lista de los programas que se emiten en ese momento, además de información adicional sobre los mismos: hora de inicio y final de emisión, información del contenido, comentarios, etc.
 La información obtenida y el manejo de la misma es lo que diferencian a unos servicios de guía de televisión social de otros. Información más específica sobre tus contactos, saber que están viendo en directo, poder comentar sobre lo que se mira, establecer una conversación con tus contactos. Son unos cuantos de los elementos diferenciadores, que pueden aplicar algunas empresas.
 Para completar la combinación de tecnologías, la aplicación que da este servicio puede conectar al usuario a las redes sociales y ampliar sus criterios tanto de recomendación como de interacción entre usuarios.

Futuro
Se puede observar una clara tendencia a la integración de servicios. Además de  obtener más información sobre el contenido, cada vez más se observa que las empresas ofrecen un soporte para poder utilizar el dispositivo de segunda pantalla como un mando a distancia.

La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, el auge de la Televisión social, el aumento de Segundas pantallas en el hogar, el crecimiento del número de empresas que ofrecen este servicio, y la inversión que se produce en ellas, hacen de la guía de televisión social un negocio más que rentable.

Referencias

Televisión

Guía de televisión social


Glenea medea é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrita por Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe em 1867.  É conhecida a sua existência no Bornéu e Malásia.

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

medea
Coleópteros descritos em 1867

Glenea medea


Les forces mécanisées d'Ukraine (en ) sont la principale composante en effectifs des Troupes terrestres des Forces armées de l'Ukraine.

Il s'agit d'unités d'infanterie mécanisée, c'est-à-dire portées et soutenues par des véhicules blindés. Leurs missions peuvent être défensives, en tenant leurs positions, comme offensives, en perçant les lignes adverses et menant des opérations dans la profondeur.

Évolution

Héritage soviétique
À la suite de l'indépendance de l'Ukraine le , la toute nouvelle Armée de terre ukrainienne prend le contrôle en  des unités soviétiques présentes sur son territoire : les armées soviétiques deviennent des corps d'armée ukrainiens, tandis que les divisions de fusiliers motorisés soviétiques deviennent des divisions mécanisées ukrainiennes, progressivement réduites à des brigades mécanisées, en sous-effectif :
 de la  à Tchernihiv (, ,  et ) il ne reste que les  et  ;
 la  à Dnipropetrovsk ( et ) fournit de quoi faire les  et  ;
 de la  à Jytomyr ( et ), demeure la  ;
 de la  à Lviv (, ,  et ) résulte les  et  ;
 de la  à Tiraspol, l'Ukraine récupère les  et  (cette dernière renommée ) ;
 de la  à Ivano-Frankivsk (,  et ) n'est conservée que de quoi faire la  ;
 enfin du district militaire des Carpates, subsiste la .

Guerre du Donbass
En 2013, juste avant le déclenchement de la guerre russo-ukrainienne, l'Armée de terre ukrainienne comprend huit brigades mécanisées :
  à Yavoriv dans l'oblast de Lviv ;
  à Tchornomorske dans l'oblast d'Odessa ;
  à Novohrad-Volynski (Zviahel depuis 2022) dans l'oblast de Jytomyr ;
  à Volodymyr-Volynskyï (Volodymyr depuis 2021) dans l'oblast de Volhynie ;
  à Bila Tserkva dans l'oblast de Kiev ;
  à , dans l'oblast de Kharkiv ;
  à Tcherkaske dans l'oblast de Dnipropetrovsk ;
  à Moukatchevo dans l'oblast de Transcarpatie.

Aucune unité d'infanterie n'est casernée dans les oblasts de Donetsk et de Louhansk (seulement des unités de défense aérienne, du SBU et celles du ministère de l'Intérieur : militsia et gardes-frontières). Comme les Forces armées de l'Ukraine sont durant leurs quinze premières années sous-financées à cause des difficultés budgétaires et de la corruption, les unités sont en sous-effectif et manquent de matériel ; l'Armée est de plus en pleine réorganisation en 2013 suite à la suppression de la conscription : résultat, seulement sept bataillons mécanisés sur un total de 30 sont alors opérationnels.

En réponse à la saisie de la Crimée par les Russes en février 2014 et aux concentrations de troupes russes le long de la frontière russo-ukrainienne, les régiments de forces spéciales ukrainiennes sont envoyés en premier, car immédiatement disponibles. Les bataillons mécanisés sont laborieusement complétés avec des réservistes, puis déployés en début mars sous forme de groupes tactiques (~ BTG) incomplets : les  et  le sont deux semaines à Shyrokyi Lan au nord-est de Melitopol, puis rejoignent quatre bataillons aéroportés au nord de l'isthme de Perekop (face à la Crimée) ; le 1/, deux de la  et la  sont déployés dans l'oblast de Soumy (face à Koursk) ; la  est renforcée avec le 1/ autour de Kharkiv (face à Belgorod) ; le 2/ et le 1/ dans l'oblast de Louhansk (face à Millerovo et Rostov).

En avril, l'entrée en insurrection des villes de l'Ukraine orientale déclenche l', avec l'envoie de l'Armée dans les villes : les 1/ (près de Sloviansk),  (Kourakhove, Vouhledar et Volnovakha) et  (à Marioupol) dans l'oblast de Donetsk, en compagnie de quatre bataillons aéroportés ; les ,  et  dans l'oblast de Louhansk, avec deux bataillons aéroportés. La  n'arrive à fournir qu'un BTG en juillet, placé le long de la frontière. Ces unités y affrontent les milices séparatistes, dans une situation de guerre civile. La  se comporte tellement mal,  évacuant leur position en franchissant la frontière à Tchervonopartizansk le  (capturés, il furent accusés dans les médias de désertion), puis un de ses groupes tactiques s'enfuyant lors du combat d'Olenivka le , que le président Porochenko annonce le  la dissolution de la brigade, puis la formation de la  à sa place, en conservant les éléments les plus fiables (unités de reconnaissance, antichar et de réparation).

Développement à partir de 2014
À partir de la mobilisation partielle décrétée le , les effectifs commencent à augmenter. En 2015-2016, les unités remplacent leurs titre honorifiques héritées de l'Armée rouge par des nouveaux faisant référence à l'histoire ukrainienne. Depuis la réforme de , des bataillons (un à deux par brigade mécanisée) d'infanterie motorisée (ex bataillons de défense territoriale, levés avec des volontaires en 2014) se sont rajoutées, avec peu de véhicules blindés (BMP et BTR) et de chars (une compagnie de chars à la place d'un plein bataillon) ni d'artillerie automotrice. En , une première brigade de chasseurs a été créée, spécialisée dans le combat en milieux forestier et marécageux (courant dans le Nord de l'Ukraine).

La mobilisation décrétée en  a permis de mettre toutes les unités à plein effectif, avec en prime la création de plusieurs nouvelles brigades mécanisées ou motorisées, dont celles formant le corps de réserve, notamment au début de  ; plusieurs brigades sont renforcées par de nouveaux bataillons de fusiliers (de l'infanterie légère). Si en  l'Armée ukrainienne dispose de  mécanisées, ce nombre est porté à un total de  (qu'elle s'appellent mécanisées, motorisées, de montagne, de chasseurs, d'assaut, spéciale ou présidentielle) en , permettant de faire face à l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie.

Organisation
La majorité de l'infanterie mécanisée ukrainienne est organisée en brigades mécanisées (, abrégé en ) interarmes (théoriquement environ ), regroupant plusieurs types d'unités. Chaque brigade mécanisée est normalement composée de trois bataillons d'infanterie mécanisée, soutenus par un bataillon de chars (de  et ), un groupe d'artillerie (de la taille d'un gros régiment : une batterie de contrôle/acquisition de cibles, deux « divisions » d'artillerie automotrice, une division de lance-roquettes multiples et une division antichar), un bataillon de lutte antiaérienne (avec des missiles sol-air), un bataillon du génie, un bataillon de logistique, un bataillon de réparation, une compagnie de reconnaissance, une autre de tireurs d'élite, une de transmissions, une de guerre électronique et une de protection NBC (). Depuis 2015, chaque brigade a été renforcée par un ou deux bataillons supplémentaires, le plus souvent d'infanterie motorisée. Au combat, plusieurs groupes tactiques peuvent être formés, avec chacun un bataillon mécanisé renforcé par une compagnie de chars et des batteries d'artillerie (l'équivalent des BTG russes).

Une plus faible partie de l'infanterie mécanisée ukrainienne est intégrée dans les brigades de chars, à raison d'un bataillon mécanisé pour trois de chars, soutenus par de l'artillerie, du génie et les unités organiques habituelles. Les brigades de montagne, de chasseurs, motorisées, d'assaut aérien, aéroportée, aéromobile, de marine ou de fusiliers de l'Air sont théoriquement composées d'infanterie motorisée, comprenant moins de véhicules blindées que celles mécanisées. Il y a aussi un bataillon d'infanterie dans chaque brigade d'artillerie, servant d'unité de sécurité, chargée de la défense rapprochée.

Un bataillon mécanisé () est composé de trois compagnies mécanisées, ainsi que théoriquement d'une compagnie de chars (de ), soutenues dans le cas des bataillons sur BTR ( sur 45 BTR) par une batterie () de six mortiers de , un peloton () de six lance-grenades AGS-17, un peloton antichar avec quatre missiles antichars et deux SPG-9, un peloton antiaérien () avec neuf lance-missiles Igla, un peloton de reconnaissance () avec un BRM (un BMP de reco) et deux BMP-2, un peloton du génie () avec un engin de terrassement PZM-2 et deux véhicules à six-roues, un peloton de transmissions (), une compagnie de logistique (, huit camions de fret, six camions-citerne de carburant, un camion-citerne d'eau, quatre cuisines de campagne, des ateliers de réparation et une dépanneuse) et une unité médicale (). Le bataillon sur BMP ( sur 40 BMP) n'a pas de peloton antichar.

Une compagnie mécanisée () est constituée de trois pelotons de trois blindés, chacun portant neuf hommes. Une compagnie sur BMP compte , tandis que les compagnies sur BTR alignent chacune  (car ils ont un peloton antichar en plus).

Véhicules
Jusqu'à 2022, les unités ukrainiennes d'infanterie mécanisée, motorisée et de montagne sont équipées non seulement de véhicules de combat d'infanterie (213 BMP-1 et 890 BMP-2) et de véhicules blindés de transport (217 BTR-70, 45 MT-LB et 400 BRDM-2), mais aussi de toute une flotte de camions et de voitures. il s'agissait de véhicules hérités de la période soviétique, rarement modernisés, très partiellement complétés par l'industrie ukrainienne (60 BTR-3, 45 BTR-4, 40 SBA Novator et 240 Kozak), ainsi que par les captures sur les troupes russes à partir de mars 2022 (des centaines de BMP et de BTR).

En avril 2022, le président ukrainien demande officiellement aux autres États de fournir de l'équipement lourd. Ces livraisons ont permis de compenser les pertes matérielles (au moins  et  de février 2022 à septembre 2023) et d'équiper de nouvelles unités, mais ont eu comme conséquence une grande variété de modèles, ce qui complique l'entretien, la formation et l'approvisionnement en pièces détachées. Selon le site Oryx, l'Ukraine a reçu entre le printemps 2022 et l'été 2023 (tous ne sont pas affectés à l'Armée de terre, une partie est confiée aux Forces d'assaut aérien, au Corps de marine, à la Garde nationale, etc., sans compter les pertes) :
 des véhicules de combat d'infanterie :
 200 KTO Rosomak polonais (achetés par l'UE et les États-Unis, livrés à partir de juillet 2023) ;
 186 M2A2 Bradley & 4 M7 BFiST (, pour l'observation d'artillerie) étasuniens ;
 142 BWP-1 (des BMP-1) polonais ;
 100 Marder 1A3 allemands (40 livrés en mars 2023, 60 autres promis) ;
 56 Pbv 501A (des BMP-1) tchèques ;
 ~50 Strf 9040C suédois (à partir de juin 2023) ;
 50 BVP-1 (des BMP-1) tchèques ;
 40 BMP-1A1 grecs (échangés par l'Allemagne dans le cadre du programme Ringtausch) ;
 35 BVP M-80A slovènes ;
 30 BVP-1 slovaques (programme Ringtausch) ;
 des AIFV-B-C25 néerlandais (à partir d'août 2023) ;
 des véhicules blindés de reconnaissance :
 40 AMX-10 RC(R) français ;
 23 FV-107 Scimitar Mk II britanniques ;
 BPzV Svatava (des BMP-1 de reco) tchèques ;
 des Fennek néerlandais ;
 des véhicules blindés de transport :
 500 M113 étasuniens, 72 lituaniens, 60 espagnols, 56 australiens, 54 allemands, 46 britanniques, 40 néerlandais et 31 portugais ;
 250 M1117 étasuniens ;
 196 YPR-765 néerlandais ;
 157 Stryker & 20 M1132 étasuniens ;
 114 FV-103 Spartan et 40 FV-104 Samaritan (des ambulances blindées) britanniques ;
 100  et  britanniques ;
 64 Bandvagn 206 allemands, 28 néerlandais et quelques italiens ;
 60 VAB français ;
 39 ACSV (LAV 6) canadiens ;
 ~20 Sisu XA-185 Patria Pasi finlandais ;
 20 Valuk slovènes ;
 des  roumains ;
 des véhicules MRAP () et autres véhicules de transport :
  (M1114, M1123, M1151, M1152, M1165 et M998) étasuniens, 28 néerlandais et 20 Slovènes ;
 440 M1224 International MaxxPro étasuniens ;
 330 Roshel Senator canadiens ;
 200 BMC Kirpi turcs (achetés par l'Ukraine) ;
 120 Bushmaster australiens ;
 80 Iveco VTLM Lince belges et 4 italiens ;
 50 ATF Dingo allemands ;
 34 Cougar étasuniens ;
 28 BvS 10 néerlandais ;
 20 ACMAT Bastion français ;
 des Mastiff, Wolfhound et FV-105 Sultan britanniques ;
 des AMZ Dzik polonais.

Liste des brigades en
  brigade présidentielle (brigade séparée présidentielle nommée d'après l'hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky), formée sous forme d'un régiment en , transformée en brigade en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  comme régiment, devenue brigade en  ;
  , mise sur pied en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
  , formée en  (statut inconnu) ;
  , formée en  ;
   (), formée en  à partir des militaires les plus fiables de l'ex  ;
  , reformée en  (statut inconnu) ;
  , formée en  ;
  , formée en  ;
  , formée en  ;
   (), ex , transformée en brigade en  ;
   (), ex , devenue une brigade en  ;
   (), ex , transformée en brigade le  ;
  , formée en  ;
  , formée en  ;
  , formée en  ;
  , formée en  ;
  , formée en  ou  ;
  , formée en  ;
   (), formée comme bataillon d'assaut en , transformé en régiment en  puis en brigade en  ;
   (), formée à l' ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
   (), formée en  ;
  , formée en , dissoute en , puis recréée en  ;
  , formée en  ;
  , créée en  comme unité-cadre du corps de réserve, elle est réactivé en .
   (), créée en  comme unité-cadre du corps de réserve, elle est réactivée en  ;
  , mise sur pied comme  « Secteur droit » en , est devient une brigade en  ;
   (), créée en  ;
   (), ex  transformée en brigade en  ;
  , créée en  ;
   (), ex  de la Garde nationale, devenue une brigade en  ;
   « Kholodnyi Yar », ex  transformée en brigade en  ;
   (), fondée en  ;
  , ex  dissoute en , reformée comme brigade en  ;
  , fondée en  ;
  , fondée en  ;
  , formée en .
   (), ex  transformée en brigade le  ;
   ;
  , fondée en  ;
  , fondée en  ;
  .
 , formée en  ;
 , formée en  ;

Formations dissoutes
 , dissoute en  à Bolhrad, unité existant uniquement sur papier en raison d'un manque de financement ;
   (ancienne ), en  à Khmelnytskyï ;
   (devenue , ancienne ) -  -  ;
   (ex ), dissoute à Loubny en  ;
   (ancienne , devenue une partie intégrante de la ), dissoute en  ;
   - dissoute en , ses unités les plus fiables servant à la création de la  ;
   (ancienne ), dissoute en  à Artemivsk ;
   (ex , ancienne ), dissoute à Berdytchiv en  (la  fut remplacée par la , sur la base de laquelle, à son tour, fut créée la ) ;
  , dissoute en  ;
  , dissoute en  ;
  ,  ;
   (ex ), dissoute en  à Théodosie en Crimée ;
  , dissous en , reste de la .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Lien externe
  (187 pages).

Articles connexes
 Troupes de fusiliers motorisés (équivalent soviétique puis russe)

Forces armées de l'Ukraine
Ukraine

Infanterie mécanisée ukrainienne


සයිෂා සායිගල් යනු ඉන්දිය දෙමළ චිත්‍රපට නිළියක හා නිරූපිකාවක වේ. ඇය හින්දි හා තෙලිගු චිත්‍රපට වලද රංගනයෙන් දායක වී ඇත.

පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය
සයිෂා සායිගල් ගේ දෙමාපියන් වන සුමීත් සායිගල් හා ශාහී බානු යන දෙපළ හින්දි නළුවන් ය. නළු පරපුරකින් ම පැවත එන සයිෂා 2019 වසරේ ජනවාරිවලදී දෙමළ නළු ආර්යා සමග විවාහ වීමට යෝජනා කළ අතර ඔහු සමග ගජිනිකාන්ත් නම් දෙමළ චිත්‍රපටයේදී සයිෂා රංගනයෙන් දායක වී ඇත. 2019 මාර්තු වලදී විවාහ වීමට නියමිත ය.

චිත්‍රපට නාමාවලිය

සයිෂා සායිගල්


The periplasm is a concentrated gel-like matrix in the space between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and the bacterial outer membrane called the periplasmic space in gram-negative (more accurately "diderm") bacteria. Using cryo-electron microscopy it has been found that a much smaller periplasmic space is also present in gram-positive bacteria (more accurately "monoderm"), between cell wall and the plasma membrane.

The periplasm may constitute up to 40% of the total cell volume of gram-negative bacteria, but is a much smaller percentage in gram-positive bacteria.  Several types of enzyme are present in the periplasm including alkaline phosphatases, cyclic phosphodiesterases, acid phosphatases and 5'-nucleotidases.

Terminology
Although bacteria are conventionally divided into two main groups—gram-positive and gram-negative, based upon their Gram-stain retention property—this classification system is ambiguous as it can refer to three distinct aspects (staining result, cell-envelope organization, taxonomic group), which do not necessarily coalesce for some bacterial species.
In most situations such as in this article, gram-staining reflects the marked differences in the ultrastructure and chemical composition of the two main kinds of bacteria. The usual "gram-positive" type does not have an outer lipid membrane, while the typical "gram-negative" bacterium does.  The terms "diderm" and "monoderm", coined to refer to this distinction only, is a more reliable and fundamental characteristic of the bacterial cells.

All gram-positive bacteria are bounded by a single unit lipid membrane (i.e. monoderm); they generally contain a thick layer (20-80 nm) of peptidoglycan responsible for retaining the Gram-stain. A number of other bacteria which are bounded by a single membrane but stain gram-negative due to either lack of the peptidoglycan layer (viz., mycoplasmas) or their inability to retain the Gram-stain due to their cell wall composition, also show close relationship to the gram-positive bacteria. For the bacterial (prokaryotic) cells that are bounded by a single cell membrane the term "monoderm bacteria" or "monoderm prokaryotes" has been proposed. In contrast to gram-positive bacteria, all archetypical gram-negative bacteria are bounded by a cytoplasmic membrane as well as an outer cell membrane; they contain only a thin layer of peptidoglycan (2–3 nm) between these membranes. The presence of both inner and outer cell membranes forms and define the periplasmic space or periplasmic compartment. These bacterial cells with two membranes have been designated as diderm bacteria. The distinction between the monoderm and diderm prokaryotes is supported by conserved signature indels in a number of important proteins (for example, DnaK and GroEL).

Function
In diderm bacteria, the periplasm contains a thin cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. In addition, it includes solutes such as ions and proteins, which are involved in wide variety of functions ranging from nutrient binding, transport, folding, degradation, substrate hydrolysis, to peptidoglycan synthesis, electron transport, and alteration of substances toxic to the cell (xenobiotic metabolism). Importantly, the periplasm is devoid of ATP.

In fungi

References

Further reading
 D. White, The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000, pp. 22.

Bacteriology
Prokaryotic cell anatomy

Periplasm