ශාන්ත තෝමස් විදුහල යනු මාතර නගරයේ හදවතේ පිහිටා ඇති පිරිමි ළමුන් සඳහා රජයේ ප්රාථමික හා ද්විතීයික පාසලකි.  විද්‍යාලය මුලින් ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දේ එංගලන්තයේ ක්‍රිස්තියානි මිෂනාරි සංගමය විසින් පුද්ගලික ඇංග්ලිකන් පාසලක් ලෙස වන අතර එය 1844 හි ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දේ පළමු ඇංග්ලිකන් මිෂනාරිවරයෙකු වන ගරු පියතුමා විසිනි. එහි දැනට ප්‍රාථමික මට්ටමේ සිට ද්විතීයික මට්ටම දක්වා අධ්‍යාපනය ලබන සිසුන් 4,000 කට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් බඳවාගෙන ඇත.

| seal_image              = S Thomas College ML crest.png
 | name                    = St. Thomas' College, Matara
 | image                   =
 | imagesize               = 150px
 | motto                   =
 | city                    = Matara
 | country                 = Sri Lanka
 | coordinates             =
 | type                    = Government public school
 | religious_affiliation   = Christian
 | established             =
 | founder                 = N. J. Ondatjee
 | principal               = P. A . Weerakkody
 | staff                   = 205
 | grades                  = Primary to GCE A/L
 | gender                  = boys
 | lower_age               = 6
 | upper_age               = 19
 | enrollment              = 4,000+
 | colours                 = Chocolate and light blue

 | song                    = "Saint Thomas' forever "
 | rival                   = St.Servatius Collage, Matara
Rahula Collage, Matara Richmond College
 | affiliation             = Anglican Church of Ceylon
(one of the first Anglican Missionaries in Sri Lanka)
 | website                 =
}}

St. Thomas' College, Matara

Location

Matara Sri Lanka
Coordinates
5°56′54″N 80°32′38″E
Information
Type
Government public school
Motto
Perseverando Vinces
(Perseverance conquers all)
Established
10 March 1844; 178 years ago
Founder
N. J. Ondatjee
Principal
P. L. Dhaya Shantha
Grades
Primary to GCE A/L
Gender
boys
Age
6 to 19
Enrollment
4,000+
Colour(s)
Chocolate and Light Blue
Song
"Saint Thomas' for ever "
Affiliation
Anglican Church of Ceylon (one of the first Anglican Missionaries in Sri Lanka)
Website
www.stcmatara.sch.lk

 == ඉතිහාසය ==

1844 දී එංගලන්තයේ ක්රිස්තියානි රසායන විද්යා සංගමය විසින් ශාන්ත තෝමස් විද්යාලය ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. ලංකාවේ බ්රිතාන්ය පාලන සමයේ ශ්රී ලංකාවේ විවිධ මිෂනාරි ආයතනවල ප්රධාන අවධානය යොමු වූයේ තම සිසුන්ට ශබ්ද ඉංග්රීසි අධ්යාපනයක් ලබා දීම තීරණය කිරීමයි.  මෙහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස 1914 දී සාන්ත තෝමස් විද්‍යාලය ද්විතීයික පාසලක් බවට පත් විය. ශාන්ත තෝමස් විද්‍යාලය රුහුණු විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය පිහිටි වත්මන් ස්ථානය වන වැල්ලමඩම ග්‍රාමයේ බංගලාවක ආරම්භ විය.[උපුටා දැක්වීම අවශ්‍ය]

පාසල ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දේ පළමු ඇංග්ලිකන් මිෂනාරිවරුන්ගෙන් කෙනෙකු වන ගරු පියතුමා විසිනි.  N. J. Ondatjee, 1844 දී සිසුන් කිහිප දෙනෙකු සහ ගුරුවරුන් තිදෙනෙකු සමඟ.

විද්‍යාලයේ පැරණි ඡායාරූපය

ඔන්ඩට්ජීගෙන් පසු කීර්තිමත් විදුහල්පතිවරුන් පිරිසක් වසර ගණනාවක් පුරා දක්ෂ විද්වතුන් රැසක් බිහිකරමින් යහපත් වැඩකටයුතු කරගෙන ගියහ.ඔවුන් අතරින් වඩාත් කැපී පෙනෙන්නේ සිය මුළු ජීවිතයම කැප කළ දිවංගත ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ සිංහල ප්‍රාඥ දිවංගත කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාසය.  සිංහල භාෂාවේ සහ සාහිත්‍යයේ උන්නතිය සඳහා.  ඔහු වරක් පාසලේ පෙළ පොතක් ලෙස දෙවන ආකාරයෙන් භාවිතා කරන ලද කියවන නුවන යන ඔහුගේ පොතේ පහත වැකිය ලිවීමෙන් ඔහු තම අධ්‍යාපනයට ඇති උද්යෝගය ප්‍රකාශ කළේය: "රට අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකා දිවයින හා සමාන එකක්  එහි නගර, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිට මාතර දක්වා සහ එහි පාසල් අතර, අනුකරණය කළ හැකි ශාන්ත තෝමස් උත්තේජනය කළ හැකි එකකි."[උපුටා දැක්වීම අවශ්‍ය]

1960 වර්ෂයේ දී ශාන්ත තෝමස් විද්‍යාලය දීර්ඝ කාලයක් මිෂනාරි පාලනයෙන් පසු රජයට පවරා ගන්නා ලදී.  K. B. ජයසූරිය රජයේ පාලනය යටතේ පළමු විදුහල්පතිවරයා බවට පත් විය.  J. E. M. Fernando, K. B. Jayasuriya සහ E. A. de L. W. Samarasinghe යන අය විසින් 1934 දී S. J. ගුණසේකර විසින් ආරම්භ කිරීමෙන් පසු අභාවයට ගිය විද්‍යාලයේ ආදි ශිෂ්‍ය සංගමය නැවත සක්‍රීය කරන ලදී. B. D. ජයසේකර විසින් විද්‍යාලීය ධජය සහ ලාංඡනය නිර්මාණය කරන ලද්දේ  20 වන සියවසේ මුල් භාගයේදීය.  ]

කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස අනුස්මරණ ශ්‍රවණාගාරය

1999 වසරේ ආදි ශිෂ්‍ය සංගමය විසින් විද්‍යාලීය පරිශ්‍රයේ ඉදිකරන ලද බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථාන කුටිය අතිපූජ්‍ය නාහිමිපාණන් වහන්සේ විසින් විවෘත කරන ලදී.  බෞද්ධ පූජකවරයකු මෙන්ම විද්‍යාලයේ ආදි ශිෂ්‍යයකු වන මඩිහේ පඤ්ඤාසීහ හිමියෝ තවත් සියවස් ගණනාවක් පුරා ඓතිහාසික ස්මාරකයක් ලෙස පවතිනු ඇත.

අධ්‍යාපනයේ පමණක් නොව විෂය බාහිර ක්‍රියාකාරකම්වලද ඇයගේ ජයග්‍රහණ පිළිබඳව විද්‍යාලයට සාධාරණ ලෙස ආඩම්බර විය හැකිය.පාසල දිවයිනේ පැරණිතම ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩා කරන පාසලක් වන අතර සාන්ත තෝමස් සමඟ සර්වේශස් ක්‍රිකට් හමුවීම.  මෙය දිවයිනේ දෙවන පැරණිතම ක්‍රිකට් තරගය වන අතර එය දකුණු නිල් සටන හෝ රුහුණු සටන ලෙසද හැඳින්වේ.

සාන්ත තෝමස් විද්‍යාලය විසින් බාලදක්ෂ සහ ශිෂ්‍යභට පුහුණුව ද මාතරට හඳුන්වා දෙන ලදී.

පාසල් ගීතය - 'Saint Thomas' For ever '

1931 සිට 1933 දක්වා කාලය තුළ පාසලේ විදුහල්පතිවරයා වූ  Leonard Archibald Arndt (1889-1955) විසින් පාසල් ගීතය රචනා කරන ලදී.

St.Thomas' College Matara - School Song

Our school is old in story

Her record fair as long

So,young and old and hoary

Come join in rousing song

Hurrah,again hurra-ah

Hurrah while still we say

Saint Thomas' forever

Saint Thomas' for aye!

We boast nor of our merit

All credit we disclaim

Our pride is we inherit

A fair unvarnished name

We'll endeavour to maintain it,

While deed and word proclaim

Saint Thomas' forever

Saint Thomas' for aye!

In playing field and class room

Our heads we'll carry high

We'll yeild to shred of honour

In loss or victory

Then "Vinces" be our motto

"Perseverando" cry

Saint Thomas' For ever

Saint Thomas' foray aye!

REFRAIN :

Saint Thomas' we uphold her hounour everywhere

Let east or west or north attest

That we are Thomians true!

Whatever our estate

We unite to celebrate

The chocolate and Light Blue!

Saint Thomas' she is our proudest fondest boast

Our Hearts o' erflow,our spirits glow

With pride and loyalty!

Her failthfull children we,

Strong in unity

Until one day we prove the Pride of Lanka!

Archibald Arndt (1889-1955) විසින් පාසල් ගීතය රචනා කරන ලදී.

විද්‍යාලයාධිපතිවරු    Past Principals

 N. J. Ondatjee
 ඒබ්‍රහම් ඩයස් අබේසිංහ
 ජෝන් ස්ටීවන්සන් ලයිල්
 F. H. De Winton
 ෆෙඩ්රික් ඩයස් අධ්‍යක්ෂක
 Clement La-brooy
 ඒ ඩබ්ලිව් විජේසිංහ
 J. W. Bultjens
 R. C. රෙජිනෝල්ඩ්
 L. A. Arndt
 S. J. ගුණසේකරම්
 J. C. Handy
 එම්.එස්. සොලමන්
 සී.සී.පී.අරුල්ප්‍රගාසම්
 ආර්.වී.එල්.පෙරේරා
 ජේ.ඊ.එම්. ප්‍රනාන්දු
 K. B. ජයසූරිය
 ඊ.ඒ. ඔෆ් එල්.ඩබ්ලිව්.සමරසිංහ
 බී.ජී. සිසේරා
 රත්නසිරි සුරවීර
 ඩබ්ලිව්.බී.පියතිස්ස

විද්‍යාලයීය නිවාස   Collage Houses
විද්‍යාලයේ හිටපු විදුහල්පතිවරුන් 4 දෙනෙකුගේ නමින් නම් කර ඇති ශිෂ්‍ය නිවාස 4 ක් විද්‍යාලයේ ඇත.
 Bultjens : Red
 Dias    : Blue
 Ondatjee : Yellow
 Edirisinghe : Green

Sports
Cricket

Volleyball

Basketball

Fotball

Hokey

Swimming

Diving

Karate

Wushu

Boxing

Chess

Badminton

Table Tennis

Clubs and Societies

Astronomical Club

Art Circle

Buddhist Association

Christian movement

Debators Circle

Drama Society

English Literary & Language Unit

Eco Club

General Knowledge Club

Health Club

Health Promotion Club

ICT Society

Media Unit

Mathematics Society

Oriental music Society

Photographic Society

Sinhala Literary Association

Sahithya Parshadaya

Science Society

මේවාත් බලන්න
සාන්ත සර්වේසස් විද්‍යාලය

වෙනත්
මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පාසල්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන
ජාතික පාසල් - ශ්‍රී ලංකා
දකුණු පලාතේ පාසල්

සාන්ත තොමස් විද්‍යලය


ميسين ، وبالصوربية:Mišno،  هي بلدة بعد حوالى 25 كم (16 ميل) إلى الشمال الغربي من مدينة دريسدن على ضفة نهر الالب في ولاية ساكسونيا الحرة ،في ألمانيا الشرقية.يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 30000 نسمة.

التاريخ

ميسين تعرف أحيانا باسم «مهد ساكسونيا». نمت المدينة من أصل سلافي تسوية في وقت مبكر من ميسني (Misni) التي تسكنها قبيلة Glomacze وتأسست كمدينة الألمانية على يد الملك هنري لفاولر في 929. في 968، تأسست ابرشية ميسين.

البورسلين

ميسين شهيرة بصناعة البورسلين.بورسلين ميسين كان أول بورسلين يتم إنتاجه خارج الصين

توأمة
لمايسن اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:

 فيتري سور سين

 بروفو
 ليتوميريتسه
 فلباخ
 كورفو

أعلام

 يوهان ناخب ساكسونيا
 آدم البريمني
 كارل هينريتش جراف
 إرنست ناخب ساكسونيا
 صمويل هانيمان
 ويلهلم بيكر
 جورج فبريسوس
 غيورغ، دوق ساكسونيا

مراجع

بلدات ساكسونيا
قرى ألمانيا
مملكة ساكسونيا

مايسن


Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a herbivorous feeding behavior. Scavengers play an important role in the ecosystem by consuming dead animal and plant material. Decomposers and detritivores complete this process, by consuming the remains left by scavengers.

Scavengers aid in overcoming fluctuations of food resources in the environment. The process and rate of scavenging is affected by both biotic and abiotic factors, such as carcass size, habitat, temperature, and seasons.

Etymology
Scavenger is an alteration of scavager, from Middle English skawager meaning "customs collector", from skawage meaning "customs", from Old North French escauwage meaning "inspection", from schauwer meaning "to inspect", of Germanic origin; akin to Old English scēawian and German schauen meaning "to look at", and modern English "show" (with semantic drift).

Types of scavengers (animals)

Obligate scavenging (subsisting entirely or mainly on dead animals) is rare among vertebrates, due to the difficulty of finding enough carrion without expending too much energy.

Well-known invertebrate scavengers of animal material include burying beetles and blowflies, which are obligate scavengers, and yellowjackets. Fly larvae are also common scavengers for organic materials at the bottom of freshwater bodies. For example, Tokunagayusurika akamusi is a species of midge fly whose larvae live as obligate scavengers at the bottom of lakes and whose adults almost never feed and only live up to a few weeks.

Most scavenging animals are facultative scavengers that gain most of their food through other methods, especially predation. Many large carnivores that hunt regularly, such as hyenas and jackals, but also animals rarely thought of as scavengers, such as African lions, leopards, and wolves will scavenge if given the chance. They may also use their size and ferocity to intimidate the original hunters (the cheetah is a notable victim, rather than a perpetrator). Almost all scavengers above insect size are predators and will hunt if not enough carrion is available, as few ecosystems provide enough dead animals year-round to keep its scavengers fed on that alone. Scavenging wild dogs and crows frequently exploit roadkill.

Scavengers of dead plant material include termites that build nests in grasslands and then collect dead plant material for consumption within the nest. The interaction between scavenging animals and humans is seen today most commonly in suburban settings with animals such as opossums, polecats and raccoons. In some African towns and villages, scavenging from hyenas is also common.

In the prehistoric eras, the species Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly juvenile sauropods, although some experts have suggested the dinosaur was primarily a scavenger. The debate about whether Tyrannosaurus was an apex predator or scavenger was among the longest ongoing feuds in paleontology; however, most scientists now agree that Tyrannosaurus was an opportunistic carnivore, acting mostly as a predator but also scavenging when it could sense it. Recent research also shows that while an adult Tyrannosaurus rex would energetically gain little through scavenging, smaller theropods of approximately  might have gained levels similar to those of hyenas, though not enough for them to rely on scavenging.

Other research suggests that carcasses of giant sauropods may have made scavenging much more profitable to carnivores than it is now. For example, a single 40 tonne Apatosaurus carcass would have been worth roughly 6 years of calories for an average allosaur. As a result of this resource oversupply, it is possible that some theropods evolved to get most of their calories by scavenging giant sauropod carcasses, and may not have needed to consistently hunt in order to survive. The same study suggested that theropods in relatively sauropod-free environments, such as tyrannosaurs, were not exposed to the same type of carrion oversupply, and were therefore forced to hunt in order to survive.

Animals which consume feces, such as dung beetles, are referred to as coprovores. Animals that collect small particles of dead organic material of both animal and plant origin are referred to as detritivores.

Ecological function
Scavengers play a fundamental role in the environment through the removal of decaying organisms, serving as a natural sanitation service. While microscopic and invertebrate decomposers break down dead organisms into simple organic matter which are used by nearby autotrophs, scavengers help conserve energy and nutrients obtained from carrion within the upper trophic levels, and are able to disperse the energy and nutrients farther away from the site of the carrion than decomposers.

Scavenging unites animals which normally would not come into contact, and results in the formation of highly structured and complex communities which engage in nonrandom interactions. Scavenging communities function in the redistribution of energy obtained from carcasses and reducing diseases associated with decomposition. Oftentimes, scavenger communities differ in consistency due to carcass size and carcass types, as well as by seasonal effects as consequence of differing invertebrate and microbial activity.

Competition for carrion results in the inclusion or exclusion of certain scavengers from access to carrion, shaping the scavenger community. When carrion decomposes at a slower rate during cooler seasons, competitions between scavengers decrease, while the number of scavenger species present increases.

Alterations in scavenging communities may result in drastic changes to the scavenging community in general, reduce ecosystem services and have detrimental effects on animal and humans. The reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park in the United States caused drastic changes to the prevalent scavenging community, resulting in the provision of carrion to many mammalian and avian species. Likewise, the reduction of vulture species in India lead to the increase of opportunistic species such as feral dogs and rats. The presence of both species at carcasses resulted in the increase of diseases such as rabies and bubonic plague in wildlife and livestock, as feral dogs and rats are transmitters of such diseases. Furthermore, the decline of vulture populations in India has been linked to the increased rates of anthrax in humans due to the handling and ingestion of infected livestock carcasses. An increase of disease transmission has been observed in mammalian scavengers in Kenya due to the decrease in vulture populations in the area, as the decrease in vulture populations resulted in an increase of the number of mammalian scavengers at a given carcass along with the time spent at a carcass.

Disease transmission
Scavenging may provide a direct and indirect method for transmitting disease between animals. Scavengers of infected carcasses may become hosts for certain pathogens and consequently vectors of disease themselves. An example of this phenomenon is the increased transmission of tuberculosis observed when scavengers engage in eating infected carcasses. Likewise, the ingestion of bat carcasses infected with rabies by striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) resulted in increased infection of these organisms with the virus.

A major vector of transmission of diseases are various bird species, with outbreak being influenced by such carrier birds and their environment. An avian cholera outbreak from 2006 to 2007 off the coast Newfoundland, Canada resulted in the mortality of many marine bird species. The transmission, perpetuation and spread of the outbreak was mainly restricted to gull species who scavenge for food in the area. Similarly, an increase of transmission of avian influenza virus to chickens by domestic ducks from Indonesian farms permitted to scavenge surrounding areas was observed in 2007. The scavenging of ducks in rice paddy fields in particular resulted in increased contact with other bird species feeding on leftover rice, which may have contributed to increased infection and transmission of the avian influenza virus. The domestic ducks may not have demonstrated symptoms of infection themselves, though were observed to excrete high concentrations of the avian influenza virus.

Threats

Many species that scavenge face persecution globally. Vultures, in particular, have faced incredible persecution and threats by humans. Before its ban by regional governments in 2006, the veterinary drug Diclofenac has resulted in at least a 95% decline of Gyps vultures in Asia. Habitat loss and food shortage have contributed to the decline of vulture species in West Africa due to the growing human population and over-hunting of vulture food sources, as well as changes in livestock husbandry. Poisoning certain predators to increase the number of game animals is still a common hunting practice in Europe and contributes to the poisoning of vultures when they consume the carcasses of poisoned predators.

Benefits to human well-being
Highly efficient scavengers, also known as dominant or apex-scavengers, can have benefits to human well being. Increases in dominant scavenger populations, such as vultures, can reduce populations of smaller opportunistic scavengers, such as rats. These smaller scavengers are often pests and disease vectors.

In humans

In the 1980s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans primarily obtained meat via scavenging, not through hunting. In 2010, Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman proposed that early carnivorous human ancestors subsequently developed long-distance running behaviors which improved the ability to scavenge and hunt: they could reach scavenging sites more quickly and also pursue a single animal until it could be safely killed at close range due to exhaustion and hyperthermia.

In Tibetan Buddhism the practice of excarnation – that is, the exposure of dead human bodies to carrion birds and/or other scavenging animals – is the distinctive characteristic of sky burial, which involves the dismemberment of human cadavers of whom the remains are fed to vultures, and traditionally the main funeral rite (alongside cremation) used to dispose of the human body. A similar funerary practice that features excarnation can be found in Zoroastrianism; in order to prevent the pollution of the sacred elements (fire, earth, and water) from contact with decomposing bodies, human cadavers are exposed on the Towers of Silence to be eaten by vultures and wild dogs.

Studies in behavioral ecology and ecological epidemiology have shown that cannibalistic necrophagy, although rare, has been observed as a survival behavior in several social species, including anatomically modern humans; however, episodes of human cannibalism occur rarely in most human societies. Many instances have occurred in human history, especially in times of war and famine, where necrophagy and human cannibalism emerged as a survival behavior, although anthropologists report the usage of ritual cannibalism among funerary practices and as the preferred means of disposal of the dead in some tribal societies.

Gallery

See also
 Consumer-resource systems

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Stitching a Life From the Scraps of Others – slideshow by The New York Times

Ecology

Scavenger


Krøller eller ej er en dansk oplysningsfilm fra 2002, der er instrueret af Lotte Sørensen og Michael Søby Andersen.

Handling
Hvad dikterer hårmoden i Lusaka? Hvad fortæller den om samfundet? Filmen følger den selvbevidste middelklassekvinde og den mere ydmyge underklassekvinde, der begge stræber efter samme perfekte udseende. Hvorfor har de forladt traditionerne og følger nye modeluner?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2002
Oplysningsfilm fra Danmark

Krøller eller ej (film)


Trekanten – bibliotek & kulturhus er et lokalt multihus beliggende i Aalborg Øst. Foruden et bibliotek og udnyttelsen som kulturhus, er det også en café der arrangerer fællesspisning på hverdage, samt et Makerspace hvor man kan 3D printe og laserskære.

Historie
Trekanten blev indviet i maj 1984 som "familie- og aktivitetscenter", og det var en selvejende institution med vedtægter og bestyrelse under Socialforvaltningen. Trekantens aktiviteter omfattede bl.a. værksteder, mødelokaler, café, børnehave og ungdomsklub. Funktionen som mødested ændrede sig i takt med, at de omkringværende boligforeninger byggede fælleshuse. Skole-og Kulturforvaltningen ændrede I 1997 huset til "kultur- og foreningshus". Siden da har Trekanten været en kommunal institution under Sundheds- og Kulturforvaltningen. I 2006 flytter lokalbiblioteket ind efter om- og tilbygninger året før, og Trekanten gennemgik en ny transformation til et "bibliotek & kulturhus" med følgende visioner
 Trekanten er lokalområdets kultur-og info-center, hvis målsætning er at "understøtte borgerne i at realisere deres kulturelle projekter indenfor kultur, viden, teknologi og bæredygtighed."
 Et naturligt samlingssted for kulturelle oplevelser, aktiviteter, kurser, møder og samvær
 Et sted man henter information på såvel det fysiske som det digitale bibliotek
 Et omdrejningspunkt for samarbejde, koordinering og formidling om/af kulturelle tilbud
 Trekanten er lokalområdets "fyrtårn", som:
 Markerer sig med arrangementer og initiativer, der synliggør lokalområdet positivt
 Styrker den lokale identitet og bydelens image
 Fremtræder fysisk som bydelens vartegn
 Trekanten indgår i Aalborgs samlede kulturbillede, og det
 Supplerer øvrige kulturtilbud i Aalborg
 Udgør en del af den kulturpolitiske mangfoldighed i Aalborg
Den 1. januar 2010 blev Trekanten – bibliotek & kulturhus en fuldt integreret institution med én leder, ét budget og alle medarbejdere ansat under Kultur- og Fritidsafdelingen i Aalborg Kommune. Derudover indgik Trekanten en udviklingsaftale med Skole- og Kulturforvaltningen gældende for 2008-2011, og i tilknytning til aftalen blev der lavet en samarbejdsaftale med Aalborg Bibliotekerne.

I 2013 blev Trekanten udvidet med en ny tilbygning ud mod Astrupstien i forbindelse med en større renovering af huset.  Tilbygningen bruges indgang og ellers hovedsageligt til møder og arrangementer og bliver kaldt "Orangeriet" grundet den orange gulvbelægning.

Benyttelse
Nogle af de ting som Trekanten bliver benyttet til er:

Bibliotek
Biblioteket er en filial af Aalborg Bibliotekerne. Der er adgang til biblioteket i de samme åbningstider som Trekanten, da en del af åbningstiden er selvbetjent.

Faste arrangementer
På Trekanten finder en række faste arrangementer sted, nogle hver hvert år, som f.eks. loppemarkeder, fællesspisning, fastelavn og Julemandens værksted hver 1. lørdag i december.

Foreninger
Et par foreninger har også til huse i Trekanten. Det er Foreningen Grønlandske Børn der har en afdeling og Kvarterværkstedet.

Lokaler
For foreninger og borgere er det muligt at låne et lokale gratis. De indgår også gerne i et kulturelt samarbejde, hvis man har en god idé.

1. marts 2018 indviede Trekanten et nyt Makerspace 9220, - et værkstedstilbud,. hvor man kan printe 3D, laserskære og meget andet.

Kilder

Referencer

Eksterne links

Kultur i Aalborg
Biblioteker i Aalborg

Trekanten (Aalborg Øst)


Goodman Ace (January 15, 1899 –  March 25, 1982), born Goodman Aiskowitz, was an American humorist, radio writer and comedian, television writer, and magazine columnist.

His low-key, literate drollery and softly tart way of tweaking trends and pretenses made him one of the most sought-after writers in radio and television from the 1930s through the 1960s.

Early years
Born in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of Latvian Jewish immigrants Harry Aiskowitz, who worked as a haberdasher, and Anna Katzen, Ace grew up wanting to write, and as the editor of his high school newspaper, he took on his first nom de plume, Asa Goodman. Ace worked as a roller skating messenger for Montgomery Ward while he studied journalism at Kansas City Polytechnic Institute. He also wrote a weekly column called "The Dyspeptic" for the school's newspaper. After working at the post office and a local haberdashery to support his mother and sisters after his father's death, he became a reporter and columnist for the Kansas City Journal-Post.

Jane Epstein was his high school sweetheart. Jane wanted to attend the sold-out performance of Al Jolson in Kansas City; her boyfriends were unable to get tickets, but Ace had access to the concert via his press pass. The Jolson concert was the couple's first date; they married six months later, in 1922.

Radio aces
In 1930, Ace took on a second job reading the Sunday comics on radio station KMBC (anticipating the famous newspaper strike stunt, almost two decades later, by legendary New York mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia) and hosting a Friday night film review and gossip program called Ace Goes to the Movies. Ace was not initially a volunteer for the job.  An editor at the Journal-Post had the idea that having an employee read the newspaper's comics on the air for children would increase circulation for the paper.  Taking the job meant an extra $10 per week in one's paycheck, but none of the newsroom staff was interested.  The editor, reasoning that since Ace's current assignment was covering local theater he would be the perfect man for the job, insisted he take it. Ace suggested a second radio show, this one dealing with films, thus collecting an additional $10 per week.

But one night the recorded fifteen-minute show scheduled to air after Ace's timeslot failed to feed. With an immediate need to fill fifteen minutes' more airtime and his wife having accompanied him to the station that night, Ace slipped into an impromptu chat about a bridge game the couple played the previous weekend and invited Jane to join the chat which soon enough included discussion of a local murder case in which a wife murdered her husband over an argument about bridge. Loaded with Goodman's wry wit and Jane's knack for malaprops ("Would you care to shoot a game of bridge, dear?"), the couple's surprise improvisation provoked a response enthusiastic enough to convince KMBC to hand them a regular fifteen-minute slot, creating and performing a "domestic comedy" of their own.

At first, the show that became known as Easy Aces centered around the couple's bridge playing, according to John Dunning in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998): "Ace was not wild about Jane's bridge game, on the air or off, and he kept picking at her until she lost her temper and threatened to quit. The show settled into a new niche, a more universally based domestic comedy revolving around Jane's improbable situations and her impossible turns of phrase."

Written by Goodman Ace, who cast himself as a harried real estate salesman and the exasperated but loving husband of the scatterbrained, malaprop-prone Jane ("You've got to take the bitter with the better"; "Time wounds all heels"), Easy Aces became a long-running serial comedy (1930–1945) and a low-keyed legend of old-time radio for its literate, unobtrusive, conversational style and the malaprops of the female half of the team. The show was never a rating blockbuster, but according to Dunning it "was always a favourite of Radio Row insiders. Like Fred Allen and Henry Morgan, Ace was considered an intelligent man's wit. His show limped along [but] . . . lasted across several formats for more than fifteen years and was one of radio's fondest memories." The radio show was popular enough to get to the big screen; in 1934, the couple signed with Educational Pictures for some two-reel comedies. Dumb Luck was released 18 January 1935, with Goodman and Jane playing their radio characters. While writing Easy Aces, Ace also wrote for other radio shows, earning $3,000 per week in this way.

During World War II, he participated in the selection of music for the War Department's Hit Kit songbook series as part of a carefully selected group of writers, composers, and show business personalities known collectively as the "Committee of 25".

In 1945, Ace signed on as one of the writers of The Danny Kaye Show. Previously he and Jane had been part of a series of celebrity guests who filled in for Kaye while he entertained the armed forces troops who were overseas. When Kaye moved his show from New York to Hollywood, Ace resigned. Whether writing for himself and Jane or for another performer, Ace's rating system of how well a script would do was based on the number of cigars he smoked while writing it. One cigar meant the show would do very well, while four cigars meant this program or episode was most likely hopeless. Ace was sued in 1940 because of the name he selected for a character.  He used the first name of one of his staff coupled with the last name of another.  Unknown to Ace, this resulted in the name of a real person who was publicly embarrassed by the use of his name on the show.  He then began the practice of having those on the program use their own names for their characters.

In 1948, Ace created a new, half-hour version of the show, mr. ace and JANE; this expanded version, perhaps because a live studio audience detracted from its quiet style (a point made especially vivid by its audience-less, quiet audition show, and when new episodes expanded upon some of the old show's vintages), didn't last beyond a single season. And it fared no better on television. In 1956, both Ace and NBC thought seriously enough about another try for the television series to announce Ernie Kovacs and his wife Edie Adams would play the Aces in a pilot for the show; it is unknown whether the pilot took place.

The husband and wife team returned to network radio with the debut of NBC's Monitor; the Aces were announced as "Communicators" just after Dave Garroway's joining the show.  They were also part of NBC Radio's Weekday, which was a Monday through Friday network offering aimed at women that premiered not long after Monitor. Ace branched out by writing commercials, featuring himself and Jane. The couple also voiced some commercials used on NBC's Startime, while other actors played the visual roles.

"Terrible Vaudeville" and You Are There
Ace needled television in a 1953 letter to Groucho Marx: "...TV—a clever contraction derived from the words Terrible Vaudeville. However, it is our latest medium—we call it a medium because nothing's well done." Nonetheless, he hadn't been averse to giving television a try.

Goodman and Jane Ace adapted Easy Aces to television in December 1949, with a fifteen-minute filmed version on the DuMont network (also syndicated in some areas through Ziv Television Programs) that ended in mid-June 1950, after airing Wednesday nights from 7:45–8:00 p.m. "As on radio," authors Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh wrote, "Ace was his witty, intelligent self, and his wife, Jane, was a charming bundle of malapropisms". The television show included Betty Garde as Jane Ace's friend, Dorothy. What it didn't include was an audience equal to the ones who kept Easy Aces on radio for all those years. The demise of the show also meant the demise of the Aces' career in front of a microphone or camera. Jane Ace retired almost completely; Goodman  retired as a performer, becoming for the most part a writer from 1949 onward.

Ace did have a serious side, too, and he melded it to his sense of the absurd to create a radio show with the twist of taking listeners to re-created historical events described by actual CBS News reporters. The problem, as revealed by CBS historian Robert Metz (in CBS: Reflections in a Bloodshot Eye), was that Ace didn't get official credit for his creation for many years; a CBS executive vice president named Desmond Taylor gained the original credit for the show born on radio as CBS Was There and famed (especially on television, with future anchor Walter Cronkite narrating) for its introduction, which leapt into the American vernacular: "All things are as they were then, except you... are... there!"

"You Gentlemen, The Authors"

By this time, however, Ace began writing for other performers, including Milton Berle, Perry Como, Danny Kaye, Robert Q. Lewis, and Bob Newhart. He would be nominated for Emmy Awards twice during his term as Como's head writer, in 1956 and 1959. Ace rationalized his work by saying, "I'm not in television. I'm with Perry Como." Perhaps his best turn of writing in these years, however, was his collaboration with Frank Wilson on The Big Show, considered NBC's last-gasp attempt to keep classic radio alive. This 90-minute variety program was hosted by Tallulah Bankhead and featured a rotating cast that included some of America's and the world's greatest entertainers, including Fred Allen, Groucho Marx, Jimmy Durante, Joan Davis, Bob Hope, Louis Armstrong, George Jessel, Ethel Merman, José Ferrer, Ed Wynn, Lauritz Melchior, Ezio Pinza, Édith Piaf, Ginger Rogers, Ethel Barrymore, Phil Silvers, Benny Goodman, and Danny Thomas. The show was marked by Ace's wry style, adapted to Bankhead's diva-blunt style. Ace said years later that one of his secrets was isolating particular interests of the guests – for example, Ginger Rogers' passion for playing golf – and writing comic routines around those interests.

Ace fondly remembered working with Bankhead in later years. "'You gentlemen, the authors,' she would say", he once told author Robert Metz, "we gag writers felt pretty good about that." What he didn't necessarily feel good about, as he told radio interviewers Richard Lamparski and John Dunning two decades later, was the writers' non-mention in Bankhead's memoir recollection about The Big Show.

Ace had known Jack Benny since his Kansas City years. Radio historian Arthur Frank Wertheim recorded (in Radio Comedy) that, as a young newspaper reporter and columnist, Ace had written a witty gossip column that moved Benny himself to ask the young writer for some jokes for his stage act. Benny asked for more and paid Ace $50 for one packet of jokes. "Your jokes got lots of laughs", said the note Benny sent with the check. "If you have any more, send them along". According to Wertheim, Ace returned the check with a note: "Your check got lots of laughs. If you have any more, send them along". He ended up supplying Benny with gags "on the house" for years, Wertheim noted.

Benny was inadvertently responsible for a very funny exchange of letters between Ace and the owner of the Stork Club, Sherman Billingsley.  Benny invited Ace to lunch at the Stork; when Ace got to the club, Benny had not yet arrived.  The staff at the Stork Club did not recognize Ace and he received a very cool reception.  When Benny finally did get to the Stork, he was told Ace didn't want to wait and left.  Soon Billingsley's notes began to arrive in Ace's mailbox, inviting him to come to the club for the marvelous air conditioning.  Ace wrote back that he was well aware of how cool it was at the Stork, having received the cold shoulder there.  Billingsley's response was a gift—bow ties for Ace, whose reply was to ask Billingsley for some matching socks so he would be well-dressed when he was refused admittance again.

Ace wrote one screenplay, I Married a Woman, in 1957.  Calling it the best thing he had ever written, but the worst thing he had ever seen after viewing the film, He never tried his hand at screenwriting again. When the couple's Miami hotel room was robbed in 1966, Ace managed to find humor in the situation.

Ace revealed in the mid-1960s that CBS once developed a kind of school for young comedy writers, with Ace himself "placed in charge of a group of six or seven young writers who wanted to make all that easy money", as he recalled in a later magazine column. All became television writers and two eventually became successful playwrights: George Axelrod (The Seven Year Itch) and Neil Simon (Barefoot in the Park, The Odd Couple, The Goodbye Girl).

The Saturday Reviewer
Ace became a regular columnist for Saturday Review (formerly The Saturday Review of Literature; he liked to suggest cause-and-effect in the magazine's name changing two weeks after his debut in its pages) in the early 1950s. At first, he focused—in what a publisher described (considering his parallel employment writing for television) as "nibbling the hand that feeds him"—on television criticism in his usual droll style; a collection of this criticism was published in 1955 as The Book of Little Knowledge: More Than You Want to Know About Television.

Later, Ace shifted to more broad contemporary concerns and called the column "Top of My Head"; these essays became as well-read as his old radio show had been, without being either too frivolous or too overbearing. Sometimes, they were gentle; sometimes, they were more tart, always they were without genuine malice. Often they included his beloved Jane, and they were strongly enough received to provoke two published collections, The Fine Art of Hypochondria; or, How Are You? and The Better of Goodman Ace.

As if suggesting that radio had never really left him, Ace assembled and published a collection of eight complete Easy Aces scripts, with new essays and comments from the Aces, as Ladies and Gentlemen – Easy Aces in 1970. He also held a small regular slot offering witty commentaries on New York station WPAT for a time, before going out over the full National Public Radio network during the 1970s.

Also around that time, two decades after the brief, unsuccessful television adaptation of Easy Aces, someone else was willing to give the concept a fresh television try: a number of the original Easy Aces radio scripts were adapted for the Canadian CTV Television Network show The Trouble with Tracy in 1970. However, though 130 episodes of this series were produced (all in 1970/71), and the show was re-run well into the 1980s on Canadian TV, The Trouble With Tracy was regarded as an almost unqualified disaster on a creative level.  This had less to do with the scripts, however, and more with the incredible cheapness of the production.  Seven episodes were filmed every five days on wobbly sets, with almost no time for rehearsal for either the actors or the technical crew—flubbed lines and bloopers sometimes ended up airing in finished episodes, because the show could not afford retakes. Ultimately, The Trouble With Tracy is often cited, especially in Canada, as the worst sitcom ever made. Note, though, that while Ace had a hand in the modern adaptation of the scripts, neither he nor Jane Ace appeared in it, and neither played any part in the actual production of the series.

Jane Ace died after a long illness in 1974, just days before what would have been their fiftieth wedding anniversary. Her husband's tribute to her in the 8 February 1975 issue ("Jane") provoked hundreds of letters from his regular readers and from the couple's old radio fans.

"...now alone at a funeral home...the questions...the softly spoken suggestions...repeated, and repeated... because ...because during all the arrangements, through my mind there ran a constant rerun, a line she spoke on radio...on the brotherhood of man ...in her casual, malapropian style ... "we are all cremated equal" ... they kept urging for an answer...a wooden casket? ... a metal casket? ...it's the name of their game ... a tisket a casket...and then transporting it to Kansas City, Mo. ...the plane ride..."smoking or non-smoking section?" somebody asked ... the non-thinking section was what I wanted....

"...a soft sprinkle of snow as we huddled around her...the first of the season, they told me ... lasted only through the short service ...snow stopped the instant the last words were spoken. He had the grace to celebrate her arrival with a handful of His confetti ..."

Death
Goodman Ace died eight years after his wife, in their New York City home in March 1982. The couple are interred together in Mount Carmel Cemetery in Raytown: a suburb of their native Kansas City.

"Mr. Ace", wrote  The New York Times's obituarist, David Bird, "liked to scoff at ratings. He said that neither the writer nor a star alone could make or break a comedy show. It took, he said, a good time spot and teamwork. 'The whole thing has to be a kind of partnership—a marriage between writer and performer,' he explained, 'If there is no marriage—well you know what the brainchild has to be'."

The author of CBS: Reflections in a Bloodshot Eye, Robert Metz, recalled that, once, a relative of Ace's had wired him to say, "Send me $10,000 or I'll jump from the fourteenth floor of my building", and Ace was said to have wired back, "Jump from seven—I'll send $5,000."

When CBS fired Ace as the head of its "comedy workshop" in the late 1940s, according to Time, a sympathetic network vice president told him afterward, "I'll tell you a secret—we haven't got a man who understands comedy." Ace wryly replied, "I'll tell you a secret—that's no secret."

Ace offered his own epitaph when Saturday Review ran a poll asking well-known Americans to nominate members of a contemporary Hall of Fame. "I respectfully suggest the name of Goodman Ace...if he's still around", Ace replied. "If he isn't, I wouldn't dig him up just for this." The National Radio Hall of Fame respectfully ignored that suggestion, inducting Easy Aces in 1990.

References

Further reading
Goodman Ace, The Book of Little Knowledge; Or, More Than You Want to Know About Television (New York; 1955).
Goodman Ace, The Fine Art of Hypochondria; or, How Are You? (New York: Doubleday, 1966).
Goodman Ace, Ladies and Gentlemen, Easy Aces (New York: Doubleday, 1970).
Goodman Ace, The Better of Goodman Ace (New York: Doubleday, 1971).
Fred Allen (Joe McCarthy, editor), Fred Allen's Letters
Groucho Marx, The Groucho Letters (Simon & Schuster Pub., 1967).
Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Network TV Shows—1946 to Present (First Edition)
Frank Buxton and Bill Owen, The Big Broadcast 1920–1950 (1972)
John Crosby, Out of the Blue (Simon and Schuster, 1952)
Richard Lamparski interview with Goodman Ace, WBAI-FM, December 1970.
Leonard Maltin, The Great American Broadcast: A Celebration of Radio's Golden Age (New York: Dutton/Penguin, 1997).
Robert Metz, CBS: Reflections in a Bloodshot Eye (Playboy Press, 1975)
Arthur Frank Wertheim, Radio Comedy. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.)

External links

 "The Late, Great Goodman Ace"

 "The Friars Club"
Goodman and Jane Ace Home-Radio Television Mirror May 1941 – (page 15)
If Lincoln Had Been on TV Goodman Ace 29 January 1954

Listen
Easy Aces and mr. ace and JANE episodes Old Time Radio-OTR
Mr. Ace and Jane Radio Shows at Internet Archives
Easy Aces Episode at Original Old Radio

1899 births
1982 deaths
Radio personalities from Kansas City, Missouri
American male comedians
Jewish American comedians
20th-century American comedians
American television writers
American male television writers
Screenwriters from New York City
American radio writers
Comedians from New York City
Screenwriters from Missouri
20th-century American screenwriters
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American Jews

Goodman Ace


Kjerre Station (Kjerre stoppested) var en jernbanestation på Numedalsbanen, der lå ved Kjerre i Rollag kommune i Norge.

Stationen åbnede som holdeplads med ekspedition af passagerer og gods 20. november 1927, da banen blev taget i brug. Den blev nedgraderet til holdeplads 1. november 1957. Trafikken på strækningen mellem Rollag og Rødberg, hvor stationen ligger, blev indstillet 1. januar 1989, hvorved stationen blev nedlagt.

Stationsbygningen blev opført allerede i 1921 efter tegninger af NSB Arkitektkontor. I 1996 blev den købt af en fond, og den fungerer nu som lejr for Frogner skole.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Numedalsbanen
Nedlagte jernbanestationer i Norge
Etableret i 1927
Ophørt i 1989

Kjerre Station


Odin (Eski Norça: Óðinn), Cermen mitolojisinde yer alan önemli bir tanrı. Odin ile ilgili günümüze ulaşan çoğu bilginin kaynağı olan İskandinav mitolojisi; Odin'i bilgelik, şifa, ölüm, kraliyet, bilgi, savaş, zafer, büyücülük, şiir, çılgınlık, şamanlık, ilham, şairlik, hava, rüzgar ile ilişkilendirir. İskandinav mitolojisine göre tanrıça Frigg'in kocasıdır. Genellikle en yüce Cermen tanrısı olarak kabul edilir. Eski İngilizce ve Eski Saksoncada Wōden, Eski Felemenkçede Wuodan ve Eski Yüksek Almancada Wuotan adıyla bilinir. Tüm bu adların kökeni ise Ana Almanca *Wōđanaz'dır. İngilizce dahil birçok Cermen dilinde çarşamba günü (İngilizce: Wednesday), bu tanrının adını taşır.

Genel Bilgi
Adı "tahrik", "hiddet" ve "şiir" anlamına gelen óðr'dan gelmektedir. İskandinav panteonundaki diğer birçok ilahi varlık gibi karmaşık bir rol üstlenir; savaş ve bilgelik tanrısıdır. Ayrıca büyü, zafer ve av tanrısı olarak bilinir. Güneş ve Kelt haçı ile sembolize edilir.

Odin: (Alfadir, Allfather (Herkesin Babası)) Tanrıların babası; Asgard'daki salonu Valaskjalf'da (Katledilmişlerin Korunağı) tahtı Hlidskjalf bulunur. Bu tahttan dokuz diyarda (Asgard, Vanaheim, Midgard, Jotunhiem, Nidavellir, Helheim, Niflheim, Alfheim, Muspelheim) olan tüm olayları gözler. Ayrıca yeryüzüne ve gökyüzüne hâkimdir, gerektiğinde kartala dönüşebilir. Odin'in sadece güneş gibi parlayan tek bir gözü vardır. Diğer gözünü Bilgelik Kuyusundan içebilmek için feda etmiş ve sonsuz bilgi elde etmiştir. Habercileri Valkyrie'ler ölü savaşçıların ruhlarını Valhalla'ya taşırlar. İngilizcedeki Wednesday (Çarşamba) günü Woden's Day (Odin'in Günü) den gelmektedir. Tacitus gibi Romalı yazarlar tarafından Merkür'le özdeşleştirilmiştir. Avrasya Şamanizm'iyle bağlantılı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Gerçekten de çok belirgin şaman özellikleri göstermektedir.

Simgeleri, hiç hedefini ıskalamayan mızrağı Gungnir, her dokuzuncu gecede yeni sekiz yüzüğü ortaya çıkaran yüzüğü Draupnir ve sekiz ayaklı atı Sleipnir'dir. Sleipnir suda ve karada gidebilir ayrıca iki kuzgunu vardır. Bu kuzgunlar ona dünyadan haberler getirir. Kuzgunlardan birinin adı Huginn (düşünce) ve diğerinin adı Muninn'dir (hafıza). Ayrıca yanında Freki ve Geri adında iki tane kurt eşlik eder.

Kuzey mitolojisinin Zeusu denilebilecek tanrı. Eşi Frigg'den olan çocukları, Balder, Hod Bragi ve Hermod, tanrıça Jord'dan olan çocuğu Thor ve dev Grid'den olan çocuğu da Vidar'dır.

Bu da ona yeni bir unvan kazandırır, bu Tanrıların Tanrısı'dır. Elindeki mızrak ise yine 9 ya da 7 gün asılı kaldığı kuzey mitolojisin gerçekleştiği yerin yaşam ağacında runeleri öğrenmesi sonucu kurtulduğunda kopardığı bir daldan yapılmıştır. Yeşil Adam figürüyle bağlantılı görünmektedir. Hızır ve Zülkarneyn olduğu da öne sürülmüştür.

Ragnarok günü geldiğinde, Fenrir Odin'i öldürecektir.

Odin'in adları

 Aldaföðr
 Alda gautr
 Alföðr
 Algingautr
 Arnhöfði
 Atriðr
 Asagrim
 Auðun
 Viðurr
 Vingnir
 VófuðrYggrÝjungr
 Fjölsviðr

 Báleygr
 Biflindi
 Bileygr
 Blindi, Blindr
 Brúni, Brúnn
 Bölverkr
 Balder
 Drauga dróttinn
 Dresvarpr

 Ennibrattr
 Eylúðr
 Farmagnuðr, Farmögnuðr
 Farmaguð, Farmatýr
 Fengr
 Fimbultýr
 Fimbulþulr
 Fjallgeiguðr
 Fjölnir
 Sviðarr
 Sviðrir
 Sviðuðr
 Sviðurr
 Svipall
 Svölnir
 Tveggi

 Fjörgynn
 Fornölvir
 Fráríðr
 Gagnráðr
 Gangari, Ganglari
 Gangleri
 Gangráðr
 Gapþrosnir
 Gautatýr
 Gautr
 Geiguðr
 Geirlöðnir
 Geirölnir
 Ginnarr
 Gizurr

 Gestumblindi
 Glapsviðr
 Göllnir
 Gollorr
 Göllungr
 Göndlir
 Grímnir
 Grímr
 Gunnblindi
 Hagvirkr
 Hanga dróttinn
 Hangaguð, Hangatýr
 Haptaguð
 Hárbarðr
 Hárr
 Hávi

 Helblindi
 Hengikeptr
 Herblindi
 Herföðr, Herjaföðr
 Herjan
 Herteitr
 Hertýr
 Hjálmberi
 Hjarrandi
 Hléfreyr
 Hleifruðr
 Hnikarr
 Hnikuðr
 Hrafnaguð
 Hrami
 Hrjóðr

 Hroptr, Hroptatýr
 Hrosshársgrani
 Hvatmóðr
 Hveðrungr
 Jafnhárr
 Jálg, Jálkr
 Jólnir
 Jölfuðr
 Jörmunr
 Kjalarr
 Langbarðr
 Löndungr
 Njótr
 Óðinn
 Ófnir
 Olgr
 Ómi

 Óski
 Rögnir
 Saðr
 Sanngetall
 Síðgrani
 Síðhöttr
 Síðskeggr
 Sigðir
 Sigföðr
 Siggautr
 Sigmundr
 Sigtryggr
 Sigtýr
 Sigþrór
 Skilfingr
 Skollvaldr
 Sváfnir

 Tvíblindi
 Þekkr
 Þrasarr
 Þriði
 Þrór
 Þróttr
 Þuðr
 Þundr
 Uðr
 Váfuðr
 Vakr
 Valföðr
 Valgautr
 Vegtam
 Veratýr
 Viðrir
 Viðrímnir

Modern etkisi

Cermenik neopaganizm

Odin, diğer cermen tanrı ve tanrıçalarıyla birlikte cermen neopaganlar tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle onun İskandinav formunun kabul edildiği Ásatrú; İzlanda, Danimarka, Norveç, İsveç ve İspanya'da resmen tanınan bir dindir.

Diğer
Odin birçok çizgi film, çizgi roman ve filmde görülmüştür.

Marvel Comics'in Thor çizgi romanlarında ana karakterlerden biri olarak yer almış, bu çizgi roman'la bağlantılı animasyon ve oyunlarda görünmüştür. Çizgi romandan uyarlanan Thor, Thor: Karanlık Dünya ve Thor: Ragnarok filmlerinde Anthony Hopkins tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

Orta Çağ ve mitolojideki tarihsel olaylardan esinlenerek yaptığı şarkılar ile Heavy Metal'in köklü gruplarından biri olan Manowar 2006 yılında The Sons of Odin adında bir EP albüm yayınlamıştır.

Ayrıca Manowar 2007 yılında Gods of War isimli albümünü yayınlamıştır. Bu albümdeki tüm şarkılar İskandinav mitolojisine ait olmak üzere çoğu Odin'le ilgili şarkılardır. (The Sons of Odin, Odin, The Blood of Odin, Overture to Odin.) Fakat tam bir Viking grubu olan Amon Amarth neredeyse tüm şarkılarında İskandinav tanrılarından ve Odin'den bahseder. Twilight of The Thunder God şarkısında Odin'in ölümünden ve onu öldüren kurdun (Fenris) Thor tarafından öldürülmesinden bahseder.

Ayrıca Black Metalin kurucu gruplarından olan Bathory de bir viking metal grubudur ve şarkılarında sıkça Odin'den, Thor'dan Valhalla'dan bahseder.

Kaynakça

Aesir
Bilgi tanrıları
Savaş tanrıları
İskandinav tanrıları
Cermen paganizmi
Ahiret tanrıları
Yeşil adam
Cermen mitolojisi
İskandinav mitolojisi
Zülkarneyn
Şamanlar
Şamanizm
Kurgusal şamanlar
Kurgusal Ozanlar
Kurgusal büyücüler
Thor
Masal karakterleri
Sanat tanrıları
Yaratıcı tanrılar
Ölüm tanrıları
Mitolojik İsveç kralları
Mitolojik tecavüzcüler
Hikmet tanrıları

Odin


Dúplex es una película de humor negro dirigida por Danny DeVito, protagonizada por Ben Stiller y Drew Barrymore. Su estreno oficial fue el 26 de septiembre de 2003.

Argumento
Alex Rose y Nancy Kendricks son una pareja que ha buscado la oportunidad de vivir juntos desde hace tiempo. Su sueño parece cumplirse cuando adquieren una nueva casa, "un dúplex" que tiene múltiples beneficios: comodidad, espacio y servicios. Sin embargo se enfrentan a un problema, una anciana que habita en la parte de arriba de su casa y que hace mucho ruido de noche y pide constantes favores de día a la pareja. Tras soportar durante días el intolerante ambiente, Alex y Nancy toman una decisión que les hará perder la cordura: matar a la anciana. Pero también es en vano pues nada les sale bien.

Reparto

 Ben Stiller ... Alex Rose
 Drew Barrymore ... Nancy Kendricks
 Eileen Essell ... Señora Connelly
 Harvey Fierstein ... Kenneth
 Justin Theroux ... Coop
 James Remar ... Chick
 Robert Wisdom ... Oficial Dan
 Maya Rudolph ... Tara
 Danny DeVito ... Narrador

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial

Películas de 2003
Películas cómicas de los años 2000
Películas cómicas
Películas dirigidas por Danny DeVito
Películas de humor negro

Dúplex (película)


O bloqueio da Wikipédia no Paquistão diz respeito a uma decisão do governo paquistanês de não autorizar o acesso à enciclopédia eletrônica Wikipédia no Paquistão por três dias, de 3 de fevereiro a 6 de fevereiro de 2023. A justificativa dada para o bloqueio pela Autoridade de Telecomunicações do Paquistão foi a permanência de conteúdo considerado "sacrilégio", após uma notificação por esse órgão governamental à Fundação Wikimedia em 1º de fevereiro de 2023. Como consequência do bloqueio, o acesso à Wikipédia no Paquistão foi interrompido, deixando a enciclopédia inacessível à população local.

Ativistas pelo conhecimento livre e por direitos humanos criticaram a decisão das autoridades paquistanesas. Em nota, a Fundação Wikimedia recorreu à Autoridade de Telecomunicações do Paquistão para restaurar o acesso à Wikipédia, afirmando que: "o acesso ao conhecimento é um direito humano. Um bloqueio da Wikipédia no Paquistão impede que a quinta nação mais populosa do mundo tenha acesso ao maior repositório livre de conhecimento".

O governo paquistanês tem um histórico de bloqueios a conteúdos na internet. No Paquistão, o YouTube foi bloqueado de 2012 a 2016, por conta de um filme sobre Maomé. Em 2020, o governo exigiu que o YouTube impedisse a circulação de todo conteúdo que reguladores do Estado considerassem "inadequados", e nos últimos anos, também efetuou bloqueios contra sites e aplicativos como o TikTok, o ByteDance e o Facebook.

Ver também
 Censura na Internet
 Censura da Wikipédia
 Bloqueio da Wikipédia na Turquia
 Bloqueio da Wikipédia na Venezuela
 Bloqueios da Wikipédia na China

História da Wikipédia
Bloqueio de aplicativos e plataformas online
Eventos no Paquistão
Internet no Paquistão
Censura no Paquistão
2023 no Paquistão
Eventos de fevereiro de 2023

Bloqueio da Wikipédia no Paquistão


Latin abecesindeki "P"'ye eşdeğer Kiril Abecesi harfi. (П : Büyük Harf. п : Küçük Harf)

Örneğin;

Rusça :

Португалия: Portugaliya (Portekiz: tr)

поднял: podnyal (Gül: tr)

Польша: pol'şa (Polonya: tr)

П

П


La XVI edición del Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos se celebró en el Rathausplatz de Viena (Austria) el 11 de mayo de 2012, siendo la cuarta vez consecutiva que este certamen se celebra en Austria.

14 países confirmaron su participación para participar en esta edición, de los cuales 7 (seleccionados por un grupo de expertos) se clasificaron para actuar en la Gran Final del viernes.

Los finalistas estuvieron acompañados por la Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra,bajo la batuta del joven director alemán Cornelius Meister.

Pia Strauss fue la encargada de presentar las semifinales.Mientras que Martin Grubinger presentó la gala de la Gran Final.

Países Participantes

14 países confirmaron oficialmente su participación en el certamen. Armenia, Bosnia y Herzegovina y Georgia participaron por primera vez. Por otro lado, Chipre, Reino Unido, Rumanía, Rusia y Suecia decidieron no participar en esta edición. Sin embargo, la cadena de televisión BBC del Reino Unido, decidió seguir realizando el programa BBC Young Musicians of the year, que utilizó en años anteriores para seleccionar al representante del país en este festival. Además, en esta edición también destacó el regreso de Ucrania.

Todos los países participantes participaron en la semifinal que se celebró en dos días. De la semifinal, salieron siete finalistas que compitieron en la Gran Final del viernes para conseguir el triunfo.

Los países que participaron en esta edición fueron:

Jurado
El jurado de esta edición estuvo formado por:

Jurado de la Semifinal
  Agnieszka Duczmal (Presidenta del jurado)
  Christian Eggen
  Carol McGonnell
  Franz Bartolomey

Jurado de la Final
  Markus Hinterhäuser (Presidente del jurado)
  Agnieszka Duczmal
  Christian Eggen
  Carol McGonnell
  Radek Baborák

Celebración del Festival

Semifinal
La semifinal se celebró en dos días. La primera parte fue el día 5 de mayo de 2012 y la segunda parte el 6 de mayo de 2012. Los 7 participantes mejor valorados pasaron a la Gran Final del 11 de mayo.

Parte 1 (5 de mayo de 2012)

Parte 2 (6 de mayo de 2012)

Final
La final fue celebrada el 11 de mayo de 2012. Participaron los 7 finalistas clasificados de la semifinal realizada en dos partes.

Eivind Holtsmark Ringstad de Noruega consiguió la victoria seguido por Emmanuel Tjeknavorian de Austria en segunda posición y Narek Kazazyan de Armenia en tercera posición.

Enlaces externos
 Página web oficial

Predecesor y sucesor

Referencias

Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos
Austria en 2012
Festivales de música de 2012
Cultura de Viena

Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos 2012


Franco Ferrucci, (1936-2010) Pisa doğumlu İtalyan eleştirmen, yazar aynı zamanda Rutgers Üniversitesi öğretim üyesi. Dokuz kitabından Türkçeye çevrilmiş tek yapıtı Ayrıntı Yayınları'ndan çıkmış olan Tanrı'nın Ağzından Evrenin Hikayesi'dir.

1936 doğumlular
Pisa doğumlular
2010 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyıl İtalyan yazarları
21. yüzyıl İtalyan yazarları
New York'ta ölenler

Franco Ferrucci


NGC 7694 je nepravilna galaktika u zviježđu Ribama.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7694
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7694 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7694 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7650 - 7699

7694

NGC 7694


Anette Borchorst (født 9. marts 1951 i København) er en dansk institutleder ved Institut for Statskundskab ved Aalborg Universitet samt professor i politologisk kønsforskning ved CCWS Centre for Comparative Welfare Studies og Center for Arbejdsmarkedsforskning CARMA også ved Institut for Statskundskab ved Aalborg Universitet

Uddannelse
Anette Borchorst blev i 1979 kandidat i samfundsfag fra Aarhus Universitet. I 1984 opnåede hun en ph.d.-grad fra Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet ved Aalborg Universitetscenter.

Karriere
Anette Borchorst har været professor ved Aalborg Universitet siden 2008 og har været institutleder ved Institut for Statskundskab ved Aalborg Universitet siden 2016. Anette Borchorst specialiserer sig inden for køn, magt og politik i Danmark og Norden samt ligestillings- og velfærdspolitik i Danmark og Norden.
Anette Borchorst har været forskningsleder på en række forskningsprojekter. Heriblandt for projekt Kvindernes Grundlov, Køn, demokrati og velfærd 1915-2015 samt for forskningsprogrammet GRIP fra 2014, som blev finansieret af VELUX fonden.
Anette Borchorst har desuden været medlem af Statsministeriets Ligestillingsråd fra 1988-94 samt været formand for rådet Ligestilling i forskning ved Forskningsministeriet fra 1997-98.

Kilder

Kvinfo.dk
Professorer fra Aalborg Universitet
Ansatte ved Aalborg Universitet
Alumni fra Aalborg Universitet

Anette Borchorst


The Dewey Commission (officially the "Commission of Inquiry into the Charges Made against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow Trials") was initiated in March 1937 by the American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky. It was named after its chairman, the philosopher John Dewey. Its other members were Carleton Beals, Otto Rühle, Benjamin Stolberg, and Secretary Suzanne La Follette, Alfred Rosmer, Wendelin Thomas, Edward A. Ross, John Chamberlain, Carlo Tresca, and . It was seen by some at the time, as Dewey feared it would be, as a Trotskyist front organization.

Following months of investigation, the Dewey Commission made its findings public in New York on September 21, 1937.

Sub-commission

A sub-commission, comprising the first five commission members above, conducted thirteen hearings at Leon Trotsky's home in Coyoacan, Mexico, D.F., from April 10 to April 17, 1937. Trotsky was defended by the lawyer Albert Goldman. John Finerty acted as the commission's legal counsel.

The commission proclaimed that it had cleared Trotsky of all charges made during the Moscow Trials and, moreover, exposed the scale of the alleged frame-up of all other defendants during these trials. Among its conclusions, it stated: "That the conduct of the Moscow trials was such as to convince any unprejudiced person that no effort was made to ascertain the truth." According to French historian Michel Olivier, the Dewey Commission benefited from the documentary work of Communist dissident Gabriel Miasnikov, who was in exile in Paris at the time.

Background

The American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky had been set up following the first of the Moscow "Show Trials" in 1936. It comprised Franz Boas, John Chamberlain, John Dos Passos, Louis Hacker, Sidney Hook, Suzanne La Follette, Reinhold Niebuhr, George Novack, Norman Thomas and Edmund Wilson. Dewey, then seventy-eight years old, agreed to head its Commission of Inquiry.

The hearings claimed to bring to light evidence which established that some of the specific charges made at the trials could not be true.

The Dewey Commission published its findings in the form of a 422-page book titled Not Guilty. Its conclusions asserted the innocence of all those condemned in the Moscow Trials. In its summary the commission wrote: "Independent of extrinsic evidence, the Commission finds:

That the conduct of the Moscow Trials was such as to convince any unprejudiced person that no attempt was made to ascertain the truth.
That while confessions are necessarily entitled to the most serious consideration, the confessions themselves contain such inherent improbabilities as to convince the Commission that they do not represent the truth, irrespective of any means used to obtain them.
That Trotsky never instructed any of the accused or witnesses in the Moscow trials to enter into agreements with foreign powers against the Soviet Union [and] that Trotsky never recommended, plotted, or attempted the restoration of capitalism in the USSR."

The commission concluded: "We therefore find the Moscow Trials to be frame-ups."

Trotsky remarked at the start of the Commission that:

Trotskyist historian Pierre Broué noted that Trotsky had misinformed the Commission when claiming to have had no contacts with followers inside the USSR to form an opposition bloc, though the nature of this bloc had differed markedly from that alleged by the Moscow Trials and had been dissolved shortly after its formation in 1932. American historian J. Arch Getty also noted this, pointing out that "Trotsky and Sedov were reminded of the bloc at the time of the 1937 Dewey Commission but withheld the matter from the inquiry."

Resignation of Beals
Following the resignation of Beals, Dewey added the following text to the report:
Your sub-commission reports with regret the resignation, before the hearings were concluded, of one of its members, Mr. Carleton Beals. Toward the close of the hearing on the afternoon of April 16, Mr. Beals put to Mr. Trotsky a provocative question based on alleged information which the sub-commission could not check and place on the record. After the hearing our counsel, Mr. John Finerty, advised the sub-commission that questions based on private information were highly improper, would be sufficient cause for mistrial in any ordinary court, and that he could not continue as counsel if they were to be permitted in future. Mr. Beals then angrily declared that either he or Mr. Finerty must leave the sub-commission. Still, he promised to attend a conference that evening to discuss the matter. But although we waited for him until midnight he did not come. The next morning, before the opening of the session, Mrs. Beals brought us his resignation, in which he charged that the Commission was not conducting a serious inquiry.

Beals subsequently wrote an article in the Saturday Evening Post entitled "The Fewer Outsiders the Better", criticizing the commission as biased and in the hands of a "purely pro-Trotsky clique".

Nuremberg Trials
Some ten years later, the Dewey Commission was cited in great detail, when in an open letter to the British press dated 25 February 1946, written by George Orwell and signed by Arthur Koestler, C. E. M. Joad, Frank Horrabin, George Padmore, Julian Symons, H. G. Wells, F. A. Ridley, C. A. Smith and John Baird, among others, it was suggested that the Nuremberg Trials then underway were an invaluable opportunity for establishing "historical truth and bearing upon the political integrity" of figures of international standing. Specifically they called for Rudolf Hess to be interrogated about his alleged meeting with Trotsky and that the Gestapo records then in the hands of Allied experts be examined for any proof of any "liaison between the Nazi Party or State and Trotsky or the other old Bolshevik leaders indicted at the Moscow trials...".

See also
 Dies Committee
 Fourth International
 Great Purge

Footnotes

Further reading

 Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and Judith Apter Klinghoffer, International Citizens' Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
 Leon Trotsky, I Stake My Life! Trotsky's Address to the NY Hippodrome Meeting. New York: Pioneer Publishers, 1937.
 Mass Meeting Called by the American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky, to Answer His Accusers - At the Hippodrome, New York City, February 5th, 1937: Stenographic Report. New York: American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky, 1937.
 Alan B. Spitzer, Historical Truth and Lies About the Past: Reflections on Dewey, Dreyfus, de Man, and Reagan. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

External links
 The Case of Leon Trotsky: Report of Hearings on the Charges Made Against Him in the Moscow Trials (PDF HTML)
 Not Guilty: Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Charges Made Against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow Trials (PDF HTML
 Shannon Jones: 60 years since the Dewey Commission

Political repression in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union–United States relations
Leon Trotsky
1937 conferences
Defunct Trotskyist organizations in the United States

Dewey Commission


José Dutriz (Santa Ana, 6 de julio de 1877 - San Salvador, 15 de agosto de 1946) fue un empresario salvadoreño y fundador de Tipografía La Unión y el  periódico La Prensa Gráfica.

Sus padres fueron el español José Dutriz Rodríguez, y la guatemalteca Pilar Reffsmann. Fue el cuarto hijo de la pareja. A los ocho meses de nacido murió su padre, por lo que la familia decidió trasladarse a San Salvador. Con el deseo de convertirse en un empresario, empezó a trabajar en Santa Ana como dependiente de una casa comercial. En esta ciudad fundó junto a su hermano Antonio la Sociedad Comercial Dutriz Hermanos, con la que inició las operaciones de la Tipografía La Unión en 1903. La empresa sacaría a circulación el semanario Ómnibus (1905) y La Caricatura (1909).

Para el año 1915, hizo realidad el proyecto de tener un periódico cuando el 10 de mayo inició las operaciones de La Prensa con la ayuda de su hermano Antonio, experto en los negocios. El año 1928 asumió la dirección de la empresa con el retiro de su hermano. Para 1934 dejó la dirección a Manuel Andino.

José Dutriz contrajo nupcias con Antonia Thomé en 1911, y el matrimonio procreó a José, Roberto, Mario, Alex y Rodolfo.

Referencias

Nacidos en Santa Ana (El Salvador)
Fallecidos en San Salvador
Empresarios de El Salvador
Periodistas de El Salvador

José Dutriz


Teen pop is a subgenre of pop music that is created, marketed and oriented towards preteens and teenagers. Teen pop incorporates different subgenres of pop music, as well as elements of R&B, dance, electronic, hip hop and rock, while the music of girl groups, boy bands, and acts like Britney Spears, NSYNC, Backstreet Boys are sometimes referred to as pure pop. Typical characteristics of teen pop music include Auto-Tuned or pitch-corrected vocals, choreographed dances, emphasis on visual appeal (photogenic faces, unique body physiques, immaculate hair styles and fashion clothes), lyrics focused on love, relationships, dancing, partying, friendship, puppy love (also known as a "crush") and repeated chorus lines. Its lyrics also incorporate sexual innuendo. Teen pop singers often cultivate an image of a girl next door/boy next door.

According to AllMusic, teen pop "is essentially dance-pop, pop, and urban ballads" that are marketed to teens, and was conceived in its contemporary form during the late 1980s and 1990s, pointing out the late 1990s as "arguably the style's golden era." About.com's Bill Lamb described teen pop sound as "a simple, straightforward, ultra-catchy melody line [...] The songs may incorporate elements of other pop music genres, but usually they will never be mistaken for anything but mainstream pop. The music is designed for maximum focus on the performer and a direct appeal to listeners."

In Crazy About You: Reflections on the Meanings of Contemporary Teen Pop Music (2002), Phillip Vannini and Scott M. Myers write that teen pop songs "are targeted to youths presumably unaware and unconcerned with the problems of everyday society. Youths are symbolized as mainly in growing up while having a good time." Some authors deemed teen pop music as "more disposable, less intellectually challenging, more feminine, simpler and more commercially focused than other musical forms." In Music Scenes: Local, Translocal and Virtual, author Melanie Lowe wrote that teen pop "is marked by a clash of presumed innocence and overt sexuality, a conflict that mirrors the physical and emotional turmoil of its primary target audience and vital fan base: early-adolescent middle-and upper middle-class suburban girls."

History

20th century
Teen-oriented popular music had become common by the end of the swing era, in the late 1940s, with Frank Sinatra being an early teen idol. However, it was the early 1960s that became known as the "golden age" for pop teen idols, who included Paul Anka, Frankie Avalon, Fabian, Lulu and Ricky Nelson. During the 1970s, one of the most popular preteen and teen-oriented acts was the Osmonds, where family members Donny and Marie both enjoyed individual success as well as success as a duo apart from the main family (Donny also recorded with his brothers as the Osmonds).

The first major wave of teen pop after the counter-culture of the 1960s and 1970s occurred in the mid to late 1980s, with artists such as Menudo, New Edition, the Jets, Debbie Gibson, Tiffany, Martika, New Kids on the Block and Kylie Minogue. In the early 1990s, teen pop dominated the charts until grunge and gangsta rap crossed over into the mainstream in North America by late 1991. Teen pop remained popular in the United Kingdom with the boy band Take That during this period, until the mid-1990s when Britpop became the next major wave in the UK, eclipsing the style similar to how grunge did in North America.

In 1996, British girl group Spice Girls released their debut single "Wannabe", which made them major pop stars in the UK, as well as in the US the following year. In their wake, other teen pop groups and singers rose to prominence, including Hanson, the Backstreet Boys, *NSYNC, Robyn, All Saints, S Club 7, Five, B*Witched, and Destiny's Child. In 1999, the success of teenaged pop singers Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, and Mandy Moore marked the development of what AllMusic refers to as the "pop Lolita" trend, sparking the short careers of upcoming pop singers such as Willa Ford, Brooke Allison, Samantha Mumba, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Mikaila, Amanda, Nikki Cleary and Kaci Battaglia.
In 2001, artists like Aaron Carter, Swedish group A-Teens, girl groups 3LW, Play, Eden's Crush and Dream and boy bands O-Town, B2K and Dream Street were teen pop artists who achieved success. In Latin America, successful singers and bands appealing to tweens and teens were Sandy & Junior, RBD and Rouge.
According to Gayle Ward, the demise of this late 1990s teen pop was due to:
promotional oversaturation of teen pop music in the early 2000s;
the public's changing attitude toward it, deeming teen pop as inauthentic and corporately produced;
the transition of the pre-teen and teenage fanbase of these teen pop artists during 1997–1999 to young adulthood (and the accompanying changes in musical interests);
a growing young adult male base classifying the music, especially boy band music, as effeminate, and
other musical genres began increasing in popularity.

1990s and early 2000s teen pop artists eventually entered hiatuses and semi-retirements (*NSYNC, Dream, Destiny's Child) or changed their musical style, including the Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Mandy Moore, 3LW and Aaron Carter. Many teen artists starting incorporating genres such as pop rock, contemporary R&B and hip-hop. B2K were a hip hop/pop/R&B group consisting of four teenage black boys, and were considered a boy band, though they were only active from 2000 to 2004. Their style of music was very different from other teenage artists, sounding more mature than the typical boy band, though all members were in their mid-teenage years at the time.

21st century

In the mid to late 2000s, teenage singers such as Rihanna and Chris Brown achieved success, indicating new relevance of teen-oriented pop music.

In 2005, AKB48 was created to promote idol culture and Japanese pop nationwide and overseas followed by the expansion of sister groups and rival groups locally and internationally over the years. In 2016, SNH48, as AKB48's second international sister group, announced its local Chinese sister groups like BEJ48, GNZ48, SHY48 and CKG48 to integrate idol culture with a Chinese twist.

The emergence of Canadian singer Justin Bieber created a renewed interest in teen pop, especially of the traditional male teen idol. With the release of his debut seven-track EP My World on December 5, 2009, he became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut album chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Since his debut, Bieber has played a key role in influencing modern popular culture and has sold over 150 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time.

In 2010, the creation of Ark Music Factory helped contribute a new generation of teen pop artists via the Internet, such as Rebecca Black and Jenna Rose, despite major criticism with these artists due to the excessive use of auto-tune. As for Japanese teen pop culture, the category of "idol" was playing an important role. Momoiro Clover Z is ranked as number one among female idol groups according to 2013–2017 surveys.

By the late 2010s, K-pop artists such as BTS and Blackpink, attained international stardom in teen pop culture. Having sold over 4.7 million copies, Map of the Soul: 7 by BTS is the all-time best-selling album in South Korea. BTS is the first Asian and non-English-speaking act to be named International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) Global Recording Artist of the Year (2020). The group was featured on Time's international cover as "Next Generation Leaders" in 2018 and are recognised as the "Princes of Pop".

See also

References

External links
 [ Teen pop] at Allmusic

Pop music genres
Youth culture
20th century in music
21st century in music
1980s in music
1990s in music
2000s in music
2010s in music
1990s fads and trends
2000s fads and trends

Teen pop


Casco Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Maine on the southern coast of Maine, New England, United States. Its easternmost approach is Cape Small and its westernmost approach is Two Lights in Cape Elizabeth. The city of Portland sits along its southern edge and the Port of Portland lies within.

European discovery
There are two theories on the origin of the name "Casco Bay".  Aucocisco is the Abenaki name for the bay, which means 'place of herons' (sometimes translated as 'muddy'). The Portuguese explorer Estêvão Gomes mapped the Maine coast in 1525 and named the bay "Bahía de Cascos" (Bay of Helmets, based on the shape of the bay).

The first colonial settlement in Casco Bay was that of Capt. Christopher Levett, an English explorer, who built a house on House Island in 1623–24. The settlement failed.  The first permanent settlement of the bay was named Casco; despite changing names throughout history, that settlement remains the largest city in the Casco Bay region, now called the city of Portland, Maine.

It was first reported in 1700 by Colonel Wolfgang William Römer, an English military engineer, that the bay had "as many islands as there are days in the year", leading to the bay's islands being called the Calendar Islands based on the popular myth there are 365 of them. The United States Coastal Pilot lists 136 islands; meanwhile, Robert M. York, the former Maine state historian, said there are "little more than two hundred islands".

History

Native American occupation and relations
At the time of European contact in the sixteenth century, people speaking an Eastern dialect of the Wabanaki language inhabited present-day Casco Bay.

A number of Treaties were negotiated and signed between the British colonies and members of the Wabanaki Confederacy in Casco Bay, including the Treaty of Casco (1678), the Treaty of Casco (1703), and Treaty of Casco Bay (1727).

The latter Treaty was the result of a Conference between the British and the Abenaki in August, 1727, at which the parties agreed to uphold the terms of the 1725 Treaty of Peace and Friendship which ended Dummer's War, and to cooperate with each other in keeping the peace. Chief Loron Sagouarram, who had signed the Treaty of 1725, addressed the gathering in 1727, providing his understanding of the Treaty relationship.

During King William's War, Louis de Buade de Frontenac, the Governor General of New France, launched a campaign to drive the English from the settlements east of Falmouth, Maine. On 16 May, 1690, the fortified settlement on Casco Bay was attacked by a war party of 50 French-Canadian soldiers led by Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin, about 50 Abenaki warriors from Canada, a contingent of French militia led by Joseph-François Hertel de la Fresnière, and 300-400 additional natives from Maine, including some Penobscots under the leadership of Madockawando. Fort Loyal was attacked at the same time. About 75 men in the Casco settlement fought for four days before surrendering on 20 May, on condition of safe passage. Instead, most of the men, including John Swarton, were killed, and the surviving settlers were taken captive, including Hannah Swarton and her children. Swarton was ransomed in 1695 and her story published by Cotton Mather.

War of 1812
Casco Bay is also home to abandoned military fortifications dating from the War of 1812 through World War II; during World War II, Casco Bay served as an anchorage for US Navy ships.

Civil War
Fort Gorges on Hog Island Ledge in the middle of Portland Harbor, dates to the American Civil War.

World War II
Since Casco Bay was the nearest American anchorage to the Atlantic Lend-Lease convoy routes to Britain prior to US entry into World War II, Admiral King ordered a large pool of destroyers to be stationed there for convoy escort duty in August 1941.

The State Historic Site of Eagle Island was the summer home of Arctic explorer Robert Peary.

In popular culture
The Whales of August, one of Bette Davis's last films, was shot here in 1987.
In 2008, composers Peter J. McLaughlin and Akiva G. Zamcheck wrote a piece in four movements paying homage to the wreck of the Don, lost near Ragged Island on June 29, 1941. The piece received critical acclaim from the Portland Press Herald and from fellow Maine composers.

Marine economy
Portland has a substantial fleet of deep-sea fishing vessels that offload their catch primarily at the Portland Fish Exchange. Numerous towns and islands serve as ports for lobster boats. Recreational fishing boats can also be chartered.

Marinas include:
 Chebeague Island Boat Yard on Great Chebeague Island;
 Diamond Marine Service Inc. on Great Diamond Island;
 Dolphin Marina and Great Island Boat Yard in Harpswell;
 Handy Boat Service Inc. in Falmouth;
 DiMillo's Old Port Marina, Maine Yacht Center and Portland Yacht Services in Portland;
 Paul's Marina on Mere Point in Brunswick;
 Peaks Island Marina on Peaks Island;
 Port Harbor Marina, South Port Marine, Spring Point Marina and Sunset Marina in South Portland;
 Brewer's and Strouts Point Wharf Co. in South Freeport;
 Royal River Boat Yard, Yankee Marina and Boatyard, and Yarmouth Boat Yard in Yarmouth Harbor.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Bath Iron Works operated a dry dock in Portland Harbor to repair U.S. Navy vessels.

Ecology
Predominant fish in the bay include mackerel, striped bass, and bluefish. Shellfish include lobsters, crabs, mussels, clams and snails.
Harbor seals congregate on certain exposed ledges, and whales on occasion swim into the bay, and in a few instances into Portland Harbor.
Seagulls, cormorants and varying species of ducks are the most common birds; more rarely osprey, eagles and herons have been sighted.
Casco Bay contains bay mud bottoms and banks in some locations, providing important substrates for biota.

Transportation

The major islands in the bay are served by the Casco Bay Lines ferry service at the Maine State Pier in Portland. Peaks Island is served by a car ferry and, during the summer, sees 16 ferries a day. The other islands see fewer ferries and no car transport. Great and Little Diamond islands and Long Island are served primarily by the Diamond Pass run, which is popular with tourists in the summer months. Other services offered by Casco Bay Lines include a daily mailboat run, a cruise to Bailey Island, and a sunset run.

Other services such as water taxis are also popular alternatives to the ferry, but are limited to six passengers per boat.

Notable cities and towns
From south to north:
 Cape Elizabeth
 South Portland
 Portland
 Falmouth
 Cumberland
 Yarmouth
 Freeport
 Brunswick
 Harpswell
 West Bath
 Phippsburg

Islands

Major islands

 Bailey Island
 Bustins Island
 Cliff Island
 Cousins Island
 Cushing Island
 Great Chebeague Island
 Great Diamond Island
 Long Island
 Mackworth Island
 Orr's Island
 Peaks Island
 Sebascodegan Island

Minor islands

 Bangs Island
 Basket Island
 Barnes Island
 Bartol Island
 Basin Island
 Bates Island
 Bear Island
 Ben Island
 Big Hen Island
 Birch Island
 Bombazine Island
 Bowman Island
 Bragdon Island
 Burnt Coat Island
 Bush Island
 Center Island
 Clapboard Island
 College Island
 Coombs Islands
 Cow Island
 Crab Island
 Crow Island
 Dingley Island
 Eagle Island
 East Brown Cow Island
 Elm Islands
 French Island
Frye Island
 George Island
 Gooseberry Island
 Goose Nest Island
 Great Mark Island
 Halfway Rock
 Harbor Island
 Haskell Island
 Hog Island
 Hope Island
 Horse Island
 Home Island
 House Island
 Inner Green Island
 Irony Island
 Jacquish Island
 Jenny Island
 Jewell Island
 Junk of Pork
 Lanes Island
 Little Bustins Island
 Little Chebeague Island
 Little Birch Island
 Little Diamond Island
 Little French Island
 Littlejohn Island
 Little Mark Island
 Little Moshier Island
 Little Snow Island
 Little Whaleboat Island
 Little Wood Island
 Lower Goose Island
 Malaga Island
 Mark Island
 Ministerial Island
 Moshier Island
 Mouse Island
 Outer Green Island
 Overset Island
 Pettingill Island
 Pinkham Island
 Pole Island
 Pound of Tea
 Pumpkin Nob
 Ragged Island
 Ram Island
 Raspberry Island
 Rogue Island
 Sand Island
 Scrag Island
 Sheep Island
 Shelter Island
 Snow Island
 Stave Island (home to Survivor: Gabon winner Bob Crowley)
 Stockman Island
 Sister Island
 Sow and Pigs
 Sturdivant Island
 Turnip Island
 Two Bush Island
 Upper Flag Island
 Upper Goose Island
 Upper Green Island
 The Brothers
 The Goslings
 The Nubbin
 Vail Island
 Whaleboat Island
 White Island
 White Bull Island
 Williams Island
 Wood Island
 Yarmouth Island

Lighthouses

Casco Bay is home to 6 lighthouses:
 Cape Elizabeth Lights
 Portland Head Light
 Ram Island Ledge Light
 Spring Point Ledge Light
 Portland Breakwater (Bug) Light
 Halfway Rock Light

Forts
Forts in Casco Bay:

Newspapers

The newspaper for Portland, the largest city in Casco Bay, is the Portland Press Herald (Maine Sunday Telegram on Sundays).  The Island Institute publishes The Working Waterfront, a free monthly newspaper reporting "the news of Maine's coast and islands." For Southern Maine news, obituaries and sports, The Forecaster is published weekly. In the early twentieth-century, the Casco Bay Breeze published news of the islands from 1901 to 1917.  Digitized copies of The Casco Bay Breeze from 1903 to 1917 appear for free on the Library of Congress' website Chronicling America.

See also
 List of islands of Maine
 Casco, Wisconsin, named after Casco Bay

References

 Bibliography of Casco Bay

External links

Bays of Maine
Bodies of water of Cumberland County, Maine

Casco Bay


Natasha Al-Hariri (født 15. februar 1989 i Holland) er en dansk jurist, organisationskvinde og debattør med palæstinensiske rødder. Hun er projektchef i Trygfonden og tidligere direktør for Dansk Flygtningehjælp Ungdom. Hun har i en række tilfælde optrådt i offentligheden, oftest i forbindelse med diskussioner af emner som integration af indvandrere, ligestilling, diskrimination og hverdagen som muslimsk dansker.

Baggrund og opvækst

Al-Hariris forældre er palæstinensiske flygtninge fra Libanon, og hun blev født i Holland under forældrenes flugt fra landets borgerkrig. Familien kom til Danmark, da hun var fem måneder gammel. Hun er opvokset i Hellerup, uddannet som jurist med speciale i udlændingeret og menneskerettigheder. Hun har tidligere været ansat i organisationen Medborgerne og direktør i Dansk Flygtningehjælp Ungdom. 1. maj 2023 tiltrådte hun som projektchef i Trygfonden.

Al-Hariri var engageret i Ny-Dansk Ungdomsråd,
som hun var formand for fra 2012 til 2013.
Det var under hendes formandskab, at rådet inviterede en kontroversiel sharia-professor. Episoden medførte, at rådet efterfølgende blev nedlagt efter kritik fra Dansk Folkeparti.

Som gymnasieelev deltog hun i 2010 i dokumentarfilmen Fire muslimske stemmer. I 2015 stod Al-Hariri bag den korte tv-dokumentar Hallo, Syrien! Opkald fra flugtruten, der blev udsendt på DR i begyndelsen af 2016.
Tidligere havde hun medvirket i dokumentaren Fire muslimske stemmer fra 2010.

Hun er medlem af Rådet for Etniske Minoriteter
og sidder i bestyrelsen for Refugees Welcome. Hun sidder i bestyrelsen for Gellerup Højskole, en forening, som arbejder for at etablere en folkehøjskole i bydelen Gellerup ved Aarhus.

Al-Hariris mand er Niddal El-Jabri,
der stod bag fredsringen efter Skuddramaerne i København 2015 og er direktør for Mino Danmark.

Stemme i den offentlige debat

Al-Hariri har optrådt, været portrætteret og omtalt i en række aviser, radio- og TV-udsendelser i mange sammenhænge, der dog normalt altid har forbindelse til debatten om integration af indvandrere. Hun er erklæret feminist
og har med Berlingskes ord markeret sig som en klar røst i den muslimske kønskamp. Til avisen har hun fortalt, hvordan hun som 10-årig under et besøg hos danske legekammerater bemærkede, at mænd også kunne lave mad og brødre dække bord. Hun var ellers vokset op med, at hun sammen med sin mor stod i køkkenet og klarede rengøringen, mens brødrene spillede PlayStation, men mødet med de danske kønsroller var en øjenåbner. Hun gik direkte hjem og proklamerede, at hun ikke ville hjælpe til, før mændene i hjemmet gjorde det samme. Og så begyndte de at hjælpe.

Al-Hariri har ved en række lejligheder skildret sin hverdag som muslimsk dansker, blandt andet hvordan hun, siden hun var 13 år, har insisteret på at gå med tørklæde, og samtidig på at holde juleaften i sit hjem, så hendes børn også kommer til at vokse op med danske traditioner. Blandt andre emner har Natasha Al-Hariri været med til i offentligheden at gøre opmærksom på, at boligsøgende med et mellemøstligt klingende navn bliver udsat for diskrimination, når de søger en lejlighed, og at de ofte møder tilsvarende mekanismer, når de søger en læreplads. Hun har også deltaget i debatten om, hvordan man kan undgå radikalisering af unge fra minoritetsgrupper.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Natasha Al-Hariris hjemmeside hos organisationen Medborgerne

Debattører fra Danmark
Danskere i 2000-tallet

Natasha Al-Hariri


Sundvedaskatten er en svensk sølvskat fra vikingetiden af 482 mønter på omkring 660 gram. Den blev fundet i 2008 i Sundveda mellem Märsta og Sigtuna ved Stockholm. Det er den største sølvskat, der er fundet i Mälardalen efter 1827.

Skatten blev fundet af arkæologer fra Riksantikvarieämbetet, der undersøgte en grav i Sundveda før opførelsen af et nyt boligområde.
Den var udstillet på Sigtuna Museum i Sigtuna 2008 - 2009.

Referencer

Depotfund fra vikingetiden
Arkæologiske fund fra Sverige

Sundvedaskatten


Author! Author! (¡Autor, autor! en España y ¡Qué buena madre es mi padre! en Hispanoamérica) es una película de comedia dramática de 1982 dirigida por Arthur Hiller, escrita por Israel Horovitz y protagonizada por Al Pacino, Dyan Cannon y Tuesday Weld. La película, que es en cierta medida autobiográfica, se trata sobre problemas familiares y de relación de un escritor, mientras lucha por terminar de escribir una obra de teatro.

Trama
El dramaturgo Ivan Travalian (Pacino) tiene una obra de Broadway en ensayos y los patrocinadores quieren reescribirla. Su esposa (Weld) lo abandona, dejándolo con cuatro niños de sus matrimonios anteriores además de su propio hijo. Y su actriz principal (Cannon) quiere mudarse con él pero no está acostumbrada a los hijos.

Elenco
 Al Pacino - Ivan Travalian
 Dyan Cannon - Alice Detroit
 Tuesday Weld - Gloria
 Alan King - Kreplich
 Bob Dishy - Finestein
 Bob Elliott - Patrick Dicker
 Ray Goulding - Jackie Dicker
 Eric Gurry - Igor
 Elva Leff - Bonnie
 B. J. Barie - Spike
 Ari Meyers - Debbie
 Benjamin H. Carlin - Geraldo

Producción
Para trabajar en este proyecto, Al Pacino rechazó ofertas para actuar en Kramer vs. Kramer, Ausencia de malicia y El príncipe de la ciudad.

Según contó el productor Irwin Winkler, el rodaje estuvo marcado por la mala relación entre Pacino y el director Arthur Hiller. El productor recordó: «Hacia el final de la primera semana, con todos aparentemente cómodos, Pacino le preguntó a Hiller acerca de cómo pensaba que debía interpretar cierta escena. Hiller le dijo a Al que Jack Lemmon (a quien había dirigido en The Out-of-Towners) podría hacer la escena y no necesitaría discutir cómo», lo que sorprendió tanto al actor como a Winkler. Tras dos semanas de rodaje, Hiller le pidió a Winkler que lo despidiese. Winkler afirmó: «Cuando le pregunté por qué no renunciaba, me dijo que si lo despedía le iban a pagar; si renunciaba, el estudio probablemente lo demandaría y por supuesto no cobraría». No obstante, la filmación continuó, con la presencia del guionista Israel Horovitz para reescribir algunas escenas.

Recepción
En su reseña para The Globe and Mail, Jay Scott criticó las actuaciones de los niños actores: «La prole está compuesta por el grupo más atroz de niños actores exhibicionistas». Jack Kroll de la revista Newsweek escribió: «No hay nada más triste que una película que intenta ser adorable y no lo es. Author! Author! se esfuerza tanto que la pantalla parece sudar». En su reseña para The Washington Post, Gary Arnold criticó la actuación de Pacino: «La enloquecedora articulación de Pacino parece argumentar en contra de futuras aventuras en la comedia. Línea tras línea se ve oscurecida por su murmullo susurrante, y este discurso mutilado parece particularmente inapropiado en un personaje que se supone que es un dramaturgo». El filme tampoco entusiasmó a Roger Ebert que le dio dos estrellas sobre cuatro y lo llevó a preguntarse: «¿Qué está haciendo Pacino en este lío? ¿Qué está pasando con su carrera?».

La película recibió una candidatura a los premios Golden Raspberry en la categoría peor canción original por «Comin' Home to You». Por su actuación, Pacino estuvo nominado al Globo de Oro como mejor actor en una comedia o musical.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas de 20th Century Fox
Películas ambientadas en Nueva York
Películas rodadas en Nueva York
Películas dirigidas por Arthur Hiller
Películas rodadas en Massachusetts
Películas de Al Pacino
Películas sobre familias disfuncionales
Películas sobre teatro
Películas sobre infancia

Author! Author!