Voleții de bord de atac fac parte din categoria dispozitivelor de hipersustentație și au fost dezvoltați pentru prima dată în 1919, de către Handley-Page; patentarea acestei invenții a reprezentat una dintre sursele lor majore de venituri în anii '20 ai secolului trecut.

Designul original prevedea un dispozitiv fix de tip fanta poziționat în față aripii, acest design fiind utilizat în cazul unora dintre avioanele cu "decolare și aterizare scurtă".
Acest design a fost utilizat și în cazul câtorva avioane construite pentru competiții, unele dintre aceste avioane reușind să câștige câteva curse cât și să stabilească noi recorduri.
În timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, avioanele germane erau în mod uzual echipate cu variante mai avansate de voleți de bord de atac, acești voleți deplasându-se spre înapoi spre a deveni conformi cu aripa sub influență presiunii aerului și extinzându-se (sub acțiunea unor arcuri) odată ce presiunea aerului descreștea (scăderea vitezei).
Totuși, cel mai faimos volet utilizat în acea perioadă, era acela folosit pe avionul german Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. Designul acestuia era oarecum similar celora folosite de către voleții mobili, dar fiind totuși un volet fix, neretractabil (între voleți și bordurile de atac se creau astfel fante ce aveau rolul de a dirija un flux secundar de aer peste bordul de atac al aripii și a preîntâmpina curgerea turbionară a fileurilor de aer la unghiuri mai mari de atac, asigurând astfel curgerea laminară a aerului pe o plajă mai mare de unghiuri de atac).
Acest tip de aripa cu fante, permitea decolarea (cu vânt ușor de față) în mai puțin de 45 de metri iar aterizarea se făcea în cca. 18 m, totul datorită portanței superioare create de acest tip de aripa (acest tip de aripa se poate folosi cu succes doar la aeronavele mici, deoarece voletul de tip fanta induce o rezistență la înaintare considerabilă la viteze înalte, ceea ce generează la rândul ei diverse alte neplăceri: necesitatea unui motor mai puternic, consum mai ridicat de combustibil, costuri, etc).
În perioada de după cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial, voleții dezvoltați au fost în general cu acționare electrică sau hidraulică, permițând dezvoltarea unor aripi mult mai complexe și mai eficiente, aripi care se gases instalate  în mod curent pe avioanele comerciale din zilele noastre.
Astăzi, voleții de bord de atac reprezintă doar unul dintre sistemele de hipersustentație utilizate de către avioane, un alt sistem foarte utilizat fiind flapsurile-voleți de bord de fugă.

Voleți de bord de atac

Un volet de bord de atac al unei aripi, reprezinta o extensie spre în față a suprafeței unei aripi.
Motivul principal pentru care o astfel de extensie este adăugată aripii unui avion, este cel de a îmbunătăți temporar portanța aripii când aceasta se află la unghiuri mari de incidența sau când avionul evoluează la viteze mici apropiate de viteza de înfundare, lucru esențial pentru a evita angajarea în picaj necontrolat al avionului.
Există diverse tipuri de extensii, unele reprezentând strict o extensie de tip volet de bord de atac, sau o extensie limitată a aripii în zona de încastrare, pe când în alte cazuri (în special în cazul avioanelor de vânătoare, supersonice sau tip aripa zburătoare) aceste extensii se întind pe suprafețe mult mai mari, ajungând uneori până în zona carlingii sau chiar al botului avionului.

Tipuri de extensii

Volet de bord de atac
Voletul de bord de atac poate fi mobil sau fix, în funcție de designul aripii, complexitatea avionului cât și funcție de dimensiunile acestuia.

 Volet fix de bord de atac- acesta se poate întinde pe toată suprafață bordului de atac al aripii sau doar pe o porțiune al acestuia-caz în care poartă denumirea de "Dinte de câine", tradus din englezescul "Dogtooth" și poate reprezenta, fizic,  extensia acelei porțiuni de aripa sau poate fi separat de aripa, creând astfel o fanta între corpul voletului și bordul de atac al aripii-vezi avionul Wilga-35A.

În această categorie intra și "manșonul de aripă" (engleza-wing cuff), care reprezintă un dispozitiv atașat pe "buza" aripii, având același efect ca și "Dintele de câine". Această soluție tehnică este aplicată avioanelor de mici dimensiuni și de obicei are forma ușor curbată spre în jos (simulând un "slat" extins) ducând la creșterea eficientei aripii la viteze mici.

 Volet mobil de bord de atac- acesta reprezintă un dispozitiv mobil care se extinde/retrage în funcție de evoluția și viteză aparatului de zbor, termenul utilizat în limba engleză fiind de "slat".. Acest tip de volet este acționat hidraulic, de obicei având una sau două poziții de extindere- extins parțial și extins complet.

Extensia bordului de atac al aripii la încastrare

O astfel de extensie a aripii, reprezintă o extindere spre în față a zonei de încastrare, extindere care are ca scop creșterea permanentă a suprafeței portante, lucru ce îmbunătățește atât caracteristicile de zbor în etapele critice de decolare/aterizare cât și caracteristicile de manevră a aparatelor.
În engleză, termenul utilizat este cel de LERX- Leading Edge Root Extension (Extinderea Bordului de Atac la Încastrare).

Note

Legături externe
 Volet de bord de atac de tip fantă
 Concept NASA de  voleți de bord de atac/fugă "multi-camber"- având curburi multiple
 Manson de aripă
 Studiu de caz]
 Studiu de caz- Manson de Aripa

Inginerie aerospațială
Aerodinamică
Componente avion
Echipamente de hipersustentație

Volet de bord de atac


Mig og min familie kan henvise til:

 Mig og min familie (film) – dansk film fra 1957, skrevet og instrueret af Peer Guldbrandsen
 Mig og min familie (dokumentarserie) – dansk dokumentarserie fra 2012 af Anja Hauberg
 Mig og min familie (tv-serie) – britisk sitcom My family

Mig og min familie


Kamçılılar, Flagellata ya da Mastigophora, Kamçı taşıyan  anlamına gelen "Mastigophora"dan türemiş, kamçı taşıyan heterotrof tek hücreli canlılar sınıfı (bazı kaynaklara göre şubesi)dir.

Kamçılılar, hayvanlar alemi ile bitkiler arasında bulunan canlıları içerir. Fotosentez yapabilenlerine Phytoflagellata, hetetrotrof beslenenlerine Zooflagellata denir, ve yaklaşık 1500 türü bulunan Protista aleminin bir sınıfı olarak incelenirler. Büyük çoğunluğu simbiyotik olarak yaşar. Genellikle geviş getiren hayvanların işkembesinde görülürler. Bazı hastalıklara neden olurlar (uyku hastalığı vs.). Bazıları serbest olarak yaşar. Çoğalmaları genellikle eşeysiz ve boyuna bölünerek gerçekleşir. Kemosentez yapan türleri de bulunur.

Kamçılılar


La baie de Pelorus, en anglais , en maori , soit , est la plus importante ria des , en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Mesurant plus de cinquante-cinq kilomètres de longueur, cette ria est dotée d'un littoral très découpé, dont les côtes mesurent près de cinq cent cinquante kilomètres. De nombreuses baies secondaires en parsèment les rives.

Alimentée par de nombreuses rivières dont la principale porte également les noms de Pelorus et de , la baie de Pelorus, particulièrement en amont, est en conséquence dotée de propriétés hydrographiques particulières, notamment en termes de température de l'eau, de salinité et d'absence de houle. Ces caractéristiques ont aussi joué sur une absence d'érosion littorale durant des millénaires, figeant le trait de côte jusqu'à la venue de l'homme.

Certaines de ces conditions ont également favorisé l'implantation de fermes conchylicoles, spécialisées en particulier dans l'élevage de la moule verte de Nouvelle-Zélande, dont la baie assure à elle seule environ les deux tiers de la production nationale et mondiale. Le village d'Havelock, en tête de baie, est renommé pour cette production.

Topographie
La baie de Pelorus est en réalité une ria longue d'environ 56 kilomètres. Sa côte est très découpée, mesurant environ  de longueur. Avec ses dépendances, elle est trois fois plus importante que les autres rias principales des .

Sa profondeur moyenne est de quarante mètres, mais elle varie de moins de dix mètres dans le fond de ria jusqu'à des profondeurs ponctuelles de 90 mètres à l'entrée de la baie, même si des hauts fonds à trente mètres de profondeur subsistent en partie aval.

L'entrée de la baie est matérialisée par les pointes de , au nord-ouest, et de , au sud-est.

De nombreux bras de mer annexes font partie du système du Pelorus. La baie de Kenepuru est située très en amont, sur la rive droite, c'est-à-dire orientale du Pelorus. Celle de Tennyson est située à l'autre extrémité, en rive gauche et à proximité de l'embouchure de la baie.

En comptant tout son bassin versant, la baie de Pelorus mesure  carrés, dont 1651,8 de terres émergées et 334 kilomètres carrés d'eau.

Toponymie
Le nom de « Pelorus » est celui du premier navire européen ayant remonté le bras de mer en 1838. Le nom maori  signifie .

Morphologie et hydrologie
L'abondance des rivières se jetant dans la baie de Pelorus, particulièrement en fond de ria, joue beaucoup dans la salinité du bras de mer. La circulation tidale étant assez complexe, la durée de rétention de l'eau varie suivant les points entre six et vingt-et-un jours. La température augmente globalement de l'embouchure vers la tête de la baie ; toutefois, en hiver, c'est l'inverse qui se produit et les eaux les plus froides sont celles du fond de baie. La salinité, quant à elle, diminue quelle que soit la saison en remontant vers la tête de la ria ; cette diminution est légèrement plus marquée en hiver, du fait d'un débit plus important. Ainsi, dans le bras d'Havelock, une salinité minimale de 25,5 g/L a été mesurée en été, mais elle a été mesurée à 18 g/L en hiver.

Le Pelorus, comme toute la partie occidentale des , est liée au système amphidromique de la côte occidentale, la marée de crue se déplaçant vers le sud.

D'un point de vue morphologique, la tête de la baie de Pelorus, où est bâtie Havelock, est un delta, dans lequel confluent les fleuves Pelorus et Kaituna.

Faune et flore
La faune et la flore marine sont plus développées dans la partie aval de la ria. Les eaux intérieures du Pelorus sont en effet plus turbides et présentent moins de rocs sur lesquels les plantes et les animaux peuvent constituer leur habitat.

La moule verte est endémique de Nouvelle-Zélande et le Pelorus constitue, de loin, la première zone mytilicole nationale, avec 645 fermes occupant un total de cinq mille hectares environ. La plupart des fermes sont situées à une distance du rivage comprise entre cinquante et deux cent cinquante mètres.

Activités humaines
Les abords du Pelorus ont suivi une évolution écologique à peu près semblables durant les . Dans un premier temps, la forêt originelle est défrichée au , puis l'élevage extensif ovin est pratiqué, avec brûlage régulier des broussailles et application de superphosphate jusqu'au milieu du  ; à partir de 1950, une régénération forestière est menée, principalement en pins, durant la seconde moitié du , puis en favorisant les essences indigènes.

L'envasement s'est fortement accru dans la baie à la suite de la déforestation des pentes du bassin-versant aux , particulièrementen partie haute de la baie, où la houle est trop faible pour empêcher le dépôt de particules en fond de ria.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

 durant

Bibliographie

Généralités

Géologie, morphologie

Flore et faune

Bras de mer des Marlborough Sounds

Baie de Pelorus


A recriação da Guarda Nacional do Brasil foi proposta em 2018 por Geraldo Alckmin e Michel Temer. Para Geraldo Alckmin, a nova Guarda Nacional teria o objetivo de substituir gradativamente a Força Nacional, em que seriam criadas brigadas permanentes para darem apoio aos Estados em situações de crise, que atuariam na segurança de áreas rurais e prestariam apoio a operações da Polícia Federal e da Receita Federal na repressão ao contrabando e ao tráfico de drogas e armas. Cada brigada teria até 5.000 homens e seria composta por reservistas do serviço militar obrigatório que poderiam, "em caráter voluntário e mediante o recebimento de honorários", continuar o serviço militar por mais um período. Já Michel Temer previa a criação de uma força militar permanente, focada no policiamento das fronteiras e no gerenciamento de crise nos Estados.

Recriar a Guarda Nacional também foi tema de ideia legislativa no Senado Federal em 2019, mas sem apoio suficiente.

Já no segundo semestre de 2022, na ocasião da vitória presidencial de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, o mesmo defendeu a recriação da Guarda Nacional com os objetivos de modernizar e despolitizar as Forças Armadas, além de organizar um agrupamento de choque dessa tropa seria dedicado a coibir os "atos antidemocráticos"

Proposta de Emenda à Constituição
O Governo lula estuda um serie de alterações legislativas utilizando o argumento de resposta a invasão a praça dos três poderes em 8 de janeiro de 2022e a postura conivente dos militares, entre elas uma mudança na Constituição Federal para criar um Guarda Nacional, que seria feita por meio de uma PEC. Essa nova força seria de caráter civil, e não teria componentes da Forças Armadas, ficando responsável pela segurança da Presidência da Republica, bem como a proteção dos Três Poderes e das embaixadas, e responderia diretamente ao Governo Federal e não ao Governo do Distrito Federal.
Forças armadas do Brasil
Guarda Nacional
Gendarmaria
Organizações paramilitares
Polícias políticas

Guarda Nacional (propostas de recriação)


El Quetzal pavonino, quetzal de pico rojo o viuda pico rojo, nombre científico  Pharomachrus pavoninus  es una especie de ave trogoniforme de la familia Trogonidae. Se encuentra en la cuenca del Amazonas de la Región Norte de Brasil, Colombia amazónica, Ecuador, Perú y el norte de Bolivia, también las regiones de Venezuela.

Hábitat y distribución
Su hábitat natural son los bosques húmedos subtropicales o tropicales de tierras bajas.

Es un ave de la cuenca del Amazonas, y en Venezuela en el tercio superior de la corriente del Mar Caribe norte en la cuenca del río Orinoco y al este y sudeste de Brasil en el vecino estado de Roraima. También en la cuenca del Amazonas central en su límite sudeste de los dos tercios inferiores de la cuenca del río Tapajós, al oeste de las estribaciones de los Andes, desde muy al norte de Bolivia, al este de Perú y Ecuador, y sureste de Colombia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Pavonine Quetzal videos on the Internet Bird Collection
 Pavonine Quetzal photo gallery VIREO

 ; Article tropicalbirding

Pharomachrus
Aves del Amazonas
Animales descritos en 1824
Taxones descritos por Johann Baptist von Spix

Pharomachrus pavoninus


Lastovo (it. Lagosta, al. Augusta) es un municipio insular, en el condado de Dubrovnik-Neretva en Croacia. El municipio se compone de 46 islas con una población total de 792 personas, de los cuales 93% son de etnia croata, y tiene una superficie aproximada de 53 kilómetros cuadrados (20 millas cuadradas). La isla más grande en el municipio también es llamado Lastovo, así como es la ciudad más grande. La mayoría de la población vive en la isla de 46 kilómetros cuadrados de Lastovo. La isla de Lastovo pertenece al archipiélago dálmata central. Está a trece kilómetros al sur de la también isla de Korcula.  La isla, no lejos de las islas Tremiti , alberga un famoso faro construido en 1839 [9] . El gobierno croata ha convertido la isla, junto con Cazza y las rocas adyacentes, en un parque natural . La capital de la isla es lacentro homónimo , ubicado en la costa noreste.

Clima
Lastovo o Lagosta tiene todas las características básicas del clima mediterráneo, dominado por un clima templado, inviernos húmedos y fríos, y veranos que a veces son húmedos y lluviosos. La isla recibe alrededor de 2700 horas de sol al año y se clasifica como una de las islas más soleadas y acogedoras para los turistas en todo el Adriático Oriental. Esto hace que la temperatura del agua alcance los 27 °C en verano. La precipitación anual es de aproximadamente 650 mm.

Historia
Lagosta o Lastovo, como el resto de la antigua provincia romana de Dalmacia, fue colonizada en la Antigüedad por los ilirios. Los romanos  conquistaron y colonizaron toda el área. Toda la sufrió  las invasions de  los ávaros y las emigraciones de las tribus eslavas en el  Las tribus eslavas fortificaron La mayoría de las costas de la isla y de todo el archipiélago. Alrededor del año 1000, sin embargo, la República de Venecia  atacó y destruyó el área habitada debido a los frecuentes actos de piratería que los habitantes cometían en todas las costas del Adriático oriental. En el , Lagosta se unió a la República de Ragusa , con la que permaneció durante unos cuatro siglos, hasta la conquista francesa de la República por Napoleón Bonaparte . La isla es famosa por la arquitectura de sus iglesias de los siglos XV y XVI. En la isla hay numerosas iglesias, desde las más grandes hasta las más pequeñas, que dan testimonio de la profunda conexión de la isla con la tradición católica y con la cultura de la República de Ragusa (actual Dubrovnik).

Después del período napoleónico, se anexó al imperio austríaco que gobernó la isla hasta 1918 , cuando se convirtió en parte de las posesiones italianas de la nueva provincia de Zadar del Reino de Italia , junto con la cercana isla de Cazza y el archipiélago de Pelagosa .  Lagosta tenía una minoría de habla italiana que, después de la transferencia a la isla de muchos refugiados dálmatas italianos de la recién establecida Yugoslavia, alcanzó casi el 40% de la población total de la isla en 1940. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en la primavera de 1941 Lagosta se insertó en la provincia italiana de Split en La gobernación de Dalmacia . El 10 de septiembre de 1943 fue ocupado por los alemanes y más tarde por los partidarios de Tito.

Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, con el tratado de paz de 1947 pasó a la Federación Yugoslava . De 1976 a 1992 las aguas de la isla fueron cerradas por la Armada Yugoslava por razones estratégicas. Después de la guerra civil de 1991, la isla, como toda la Dalmacia croata, se convirtió en parte de la República de Croacia, hasta nuestros días.

Véase también
 Geografía de Croacia
 Geografía de Europa

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Mapa de localización de la isla

Archipiélagos e islas de Croacia
Municipios de Croacia

Lastovo


Wild Weasel is a code name given by the United States Air Force (USAF) to an aircraft of any type equipped with anti-radiation missiles and tasked with the suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD): destroying the radar and surface-to-air missile (SAM) installations of enemy air defense systems. The task of a Wild Weasel aircraft is to bait enemy anti-aircraft defenses into targeting it with their radars, whereupon the radar waves are traced back to their source, allowing the Weasel or its teammates to precisely target it for destruction.

The Wild Weasel concept was developed by the USAF in 1965 during the Vietnam War after the introduction of Soviet SAMs and their downing of American strike aircraft participating in Operation Rolling Thunder in the skies over North Vietnam. The program was headed by General Kenneth Dempster.
"The first Wild Weasel success came soon after the first Wild Weasel mission 20 December 1965 when Captains Al Lamb and Jack Donovan took out a site during a Rolling Thunder strike on the railyard at Yen Bai, some  northwest of Hanoi."
Wild Weasel tactics and techniques were later adapted by other nations in subsequent conflicts, as well as being integrated into the suppression of enemy air defenses, a plan used by U.S. air forces to establish immediate air supremacy prior to possible full-scale conflict.

Initially known by the operational code "Iron Hand" when first authorized on 12 August 1965, the term "Wild Weasel" derives from Project Wild Weasel, the USAF development program for a dedicated SAM-detection and suppression aircraft. The technique was also called an "Iron Hand" mission, though technically this term referred only to the suppression attack before the main strike. Originally named "Project Ferret", denoting a predatory animal that goes into its prey's den to kill it (hence: "to ferret out"), the name was changed to differentiate it from the code-name "Ferret" that had been used during World War II for radar countermeasures bombers.

Equipment

Wild Weasel I
The Wild Weasel concept was originally proposed in 1965 as a method of countering the increasing North Vietnamese SAM threat, using volunteer crews flying the two-seat F model of the F-100 Super Sabre; while the United States Navy primarily relied upon the A-4 Skyhawk. While an effective airframe, the F-100F Wild Weasel did not have the performance characteristics to survive in a high threat environment. The first Wild Weasel squadron was the 354th Tactical Fighter Squadron based at Takhli Royal Thai Air Base, Thailand. After 45 days of operations against North Vietnamese targets, the 354th had one airplane left and of the 16 aircrew members, four had been killed, two were prisoners of war, three had been wounded and two had quit.

Wild Weasel II and III
The Wild Weasel II version was the first unsuccessful attempt to use the F-4C Phantom as a Wild Weasel platform. When that effort failed, the Wild Weasel role was then passed to the F-105F in the summer of 1966. The F-105F was converted for the role and was designated Wild Weasel III. The F-105F was equipped with more advanced radar, jamming equipment, and a heavier armament. Anti-radiation missiles were outfitted that could seek out radar emplacements. The F-105F Wild Weasel airframes were eventually modified with improved countermeasures components in a standardized configuration and designated the F-105G. The F-105G was also designated Wild Weasel III; 61 F-105F units were upgraded to F-105G specifications. Although in some documentation the F-105F was referred to as an EF-105F, that designation never existed in the operational flying squadrons.

Wild Weasel IV
The F-105 was no longer in production by 1964. With severe combat attrition of the F-105 inventory, the need for a more sophisticated aircraft resulted in the conversion of 36 F-4C Phantom II aircraft, designated F-4C Wild Weasel IV. The F-4C Wild Weasel IV also bore the unofficial designation of EF-4C.

Wild Weasel V
The F-4E, the most advanced Phantom variant with extensive ground-attack capabilities and an internal gun, became the basis for the F-4G Wild Weasel V (also known as the Advanced Wild Weasel). This modification consisted of removing the gun and replacing it with the APR-38(t) Radar Homing and Warning Receiver (later upgraded to the APR-47), and a cockpit upgrade for the back seat to manage the electronic combat environment. A total of 134 F-4G models were converted from F-4Es with the first one flying in 1975. Squadron service began in 1978.

F-4Gs were deployed to three active wings. One was stationed at George AFB, Victorville, California, as part of the Rapid Deployment Force; one wing was assigned to USAFE (US Air Forces in Europe) at Spangdahlem AB, Germany; and the other to PACAF (Pacific Air Forces) at Clark AB, Philippines. F-4Gs from George AFB, Clark AB and Spangdahlem AB saw combat during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, successfully protecting strike packages from enemy air defenses. During this conflict the F-4G saw heavy use, with only a single loss: an aircraft from Spangdahlem AB crashed in Saudi Arabia while returning from a mission, after one of the AGM-88 HARM anti-radiation missiles hang fired which left the aircraft's instruments not displaying the correct altitude information and a significant frame tweak from the damage made the plane hard to control. After an investigation into the loss of the aircraft which occurred during several aborted landing attempts in a sandstorm, it was determined that a fuel cell was punctured by anti-aircraft fire. The pilot and EWO safely ejected after the engines shut down when the aircraft ran out of fuel attempting to land at a forward airstrip.

After Desert Storm, some of the George AFB aircraft were assigned to the 124th Wing of the Air National Guard at Boise, Idaho, 190th Fighter Squadron. Aircraft from Spangdahlem, Clark, and the remainder from George were assigned to the 561st Fighter Squadron, 57th Fighter Wing (Active Duty) at Nellis AFB, Las Vegas. The aircraft remained in service until 1996, with both squadrons participating in frequent deployments to Saudi Arabia and Turkey in support of Operation Provide Comfort, Operation Southern Watch, and Operation Vigilant Warrior enforcing the no-fly zones over Iraq. By this time the F-4G was the last operational variant of the Phantom II in the US forces. Many of the airframes were later used as target drones and Aircraft Battle Damage Repair training aids.

Current

A change in aircraft design theory to stress versatile multi-role aircraft meant that the F-4G Phantom was the last aircraft in the USAF inventory specifically outfitted for the SEAD role. The Wild Weasel mission is now assigned to the F-16 Fighting Falcon, using the Block 50 and Block 52, with production beginning in 1991. The single-seat Block 50/52 F-16C is specifically tasked with this mission and aircraft modified for this mission are designated F-16CJ/DJ. The pilot now performs both the role of flying the airplane and targeting and employing against ground threats. Other aircraft, while capable of engaging anti-air emplacements, are typically tasked with other primary missions; the A-10 Thunderbolt II "Warthog", primarily tasked with CAS missions, lacks the avionics to perform a true SEAD mission and does not carry the AGM-88 HARM. The F-15E Strike Eagle, possessing advanced air-to-ground avionics but also high speed and long range, is typically tasked with "deep strike" missions, which can include SAM installations but typically focuses on high-value targets such as enemy command & control, infrastructure and production, and likewise does not carry HARM.

The ECR variant of the Panavia Tornado is dedicated to SEAD missions and is currently operated by the German Air Force and Italian Air Force. The Royal Air Force used the GR4 variant to conduct similar missions utilising the ALARM missile, though they were mainly used in the interdiction/CAS role. The RAF retired the ALARM missile in 2013 and retired the Tornado in 2019.

The F-35 Lightning II is slated to gradually replace these aircraft for various air-to-ground roles, including SEAD, beginning with its introduction in 2016. Its stealth capabilities promise a significant increase in effectiveness against air-defence radars, though to maintain its lowest radar signature, its payload capacity would be limited to the internal weapons bays, reducing the number of missile site attacks per sortie. However, it can carry more or larger air to ground weapons internally than even the F-22 and is more advanced in a ground attack capacity, potentially making it the best manned aircraft for destroying sophisticated enemy air defenses. Additionally, the AGM-88G AARGM-ER, itself an evolution of the AGM-88 HARM, is being integrated into all three variants of the F-35. The F-35A and F-35C will have the ability to carry the AARGM-ER internally, while the F-35B will only be able to carry the missile externally owing to its smaller internal weapons bays.

Mission tactics

In 1966 over North Vietnam, Wild Weasel flights of four aircraft sometimes were led by a single F-105F/G two-seat aircraft (aided by its Electronic Warfare Officer (EWO) with his electronic receivers and analyzers) plus three F-105Ds. Sometimes two "F"s, each with a "D" wingman, operated independently.

The Wild Weasel mission was to precede strike flights, clearing the target area of radar guided Surface-to-Air Missile threats (predominantly SA-2 'Guideline' systems), leaving the threat area last, which sometimes would result in 3.5-hour missions, before returning to Royal Thai Air Force Bases. This was achieved by turning toward the air defense site in a threatening manner, firing radar homing missiles at the site, or visually locating the site to dive bomb it. These tactics were attempted while under attack by MiGs and anti-aircraft artillery.

The F-105F did not use radar jamming devices since its purpose was to provide a decoy target, protecting the strike flights, and encouraging SAM launches that generated enough bright smoke to make possible seeing the SAM site for immediate dive bombing attack. With multiple incoming missiles in visual sight it was possible to dive abruptly or sharply break to avoid them. Failure to see the missiles approaching at three times fighter cruise speed would result in the destruction of the aircraft and failure of the mission.

Vietnam War tactics of using "Hunter-Killer" teams, where an F-4G Wild Weasel would be teamed with one or more conventional F-4E Phantoms, were improved upon with the newer equipment. The Wild Weasel would destroy missile radar emitters, clearing the way for the F-4E's to destroy the rest of the missile site using cluster munitions.

A tactic used during Operation Desert Storm was known as "Here, kitty kitty", wherein one Weasel would get the attention of a SAM or anti-aircraft artillery site while other Weasels would then sneak up behind the site and destroy it.

In one of the Wild Weasel concept's most famous uses in military operations, five F-105Gs, using the call-signs "Firebird 01–05", provided support for the Son Tay P.O.W. Rescue Mission, which was conducted in the early morning hours of 21 November 1970. One of these aircraft was shot down by an SA-2 surface-to-air missile, but its crew ejected safely and was rescued by the HH-53 "Super Jolly" helicopters that also participated in the raid. None of the aircraft of the raiding force protected by Wild Weasels was lost to enemy action.

Motto and traditions

The unofficial motto of the Wild Weasel crews is YGBSM: "You Gotta Be Shittin' Me". This appears prominently on the logo patch of some squadrons. As the story goes, this was the response of Jack Donovan, a former B-52 EWO (Electronic Warfare Officer):

This was the natural response of an educated man, a veteran EWO on B-52s and the like, upon learning that he was to fly back seat to a self-absorbed fighter pilot while acting as flypaper for enemy SAMs.Dinner speech by Joe Shriber (held at the 27 April 2000 event of the Golden Gate Wing. Accessed 26 January 2009.)

His exact words were: "I'm gonna fly with you, and we're gonna shoot a SAM site before it shoots us? You gotta be shittin' me!"

The motto "First in, Last out" was also used.

The "WW" tailcode of the 35th Tactical Fighter Wing and the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing derives from their Wild Weasel heritage.

See also
 Operation Iron Hand
 Active radar homing
 Panavia Tornado ECR
 List of U.S. Department of Defense code names

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Broughton, J. (1996) Thud Ridge. Imagination Transportation. .
 Broughton, J. (1988) Going downtown: The war against Hanoi and Washington Crown. .
 Davies, Peter. F-105 Wild Weasel vs SA-2 "Guideline" SAM, Vietnam 1965–73. Osprey 2011. .
 Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961–1973. Midland Publishing 2001. .
 McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume II, Rene J. Francillon, Naval Institute Press, 1990
 McDonnell F-4 Phantom: Spirit in the Skies. Airtime Publishing, 1992.
 Michel III, Marshal L. Clashes, Air Combat Over North Vietnam 1965–1972. Naval Institute Press, 1997. .
 Modern Air Combat, Bill Gunston and Mike Spick, Crescent, 1983.
 The American Fighter, Enzo Angelucci and Peter Bowers, Orion, 1987.
 United States Military Aircraft Since 1909, Gordon Swanborough and Peter M. Bowers, Smithsonian, 1989.
 The Fury of Desert Storm: The Air Campaign, Bret Kinzey, McGraw-Hill, 1991.
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft Armament, Bill Gunston, Orion, 1988.
 The World's Great Attack Aircraft, Gallery, 1988.
 "Wild Weasel Phantoms", Rene Francillon, Air International, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1994.

Further reading

External links

 Story of the first Wild Weasel kill
 Society of Wild Weasels
 McDonnell F-4G Phantom II on J Baugher's site
 Republic F-105G "Thunderchief"

 F-4.nl web site
 Craig Baker's F-105 Site
 F-4G – Anatomy of a Wild Weasel

Military equipment of the Vietnam War
United States Department of Defense doctrine
United States military aircraft

Wild Weasel


Töreboda este un oraș în Suedia.

Demografie

Note

Vezi și
 Listă de orașe din Suedia

Orașe din Suedia

Töreboda


Gentoo, kaynak kod temelli bir Linux dağıtımıdır. Kaynak kod tabanlı kurulumunun zorluğu sebebiyle, diğer Linux dağıtımları kadar popüler olamasa da; kaynak kurulumlu dağıtımlar arasında en popüleridir. Özelleşmiş Linux dağıtımları hazırlanırken temel olarak kullanılmaya uygundur. Gentoo, adını bir çeşit penguen olan Gentoo Pengueni'nden almıştır.

Tarihçe
İlk sürümü 31 Mart 2002 tarihinde sunulan Gentoo, 2004 yılına kadar 1.4 sürümüne kadar ulaşmış, bu tarihten sonra yıl içerisindeki sürümler  2004.0, 2004.1, 2004.2 ve 2004.3 olarak gelişmiştir. Hemen hemen tüm bilgisayar mimarilerinde çalışabilen Gentoo; kurucusu Daniel Robbins'in 26 Nisan 2004 tarihinde Gentoo Foundation'u kurarak başından ayrılmasıyla demokratik olarak seçimlerle işleyişine devam etmektedir.

Kurulum
Gentoo kurulumu canlı CD aracılığıyla yapılmaktadır. Canlı CD'ler içinde üç temel seçenek bulunmaktadır. İlki Minimal canlı CD'dir. Bu canlı CD sadece komut satırı araçları içermektedir ve kurulum sırasında yapılacak işlerin büyük bir kısmı kullanıcı tarafından elle yapılmalıdır, kaynak kodları ve Portage verileri İnternetten indirilmelidir. İkinci seçenek olan Universal CD, Minimal CD'ye ek olarak kaynak kodlar ve Portage verileri içerir; ağ bağlantısı olmayan bilgisayarlara kurulum için tasarlanmıştır. Üçüncü seçenek Gentoo Installer LiveCD kullanmaktır. Bu seçenek grafik ortamda çalışan bir gentoo kurulumunun denenmesine olanak sağlar, ayrıca kurulum işlemi de grafik arayüz ile yapılmaktadır.

Kurulumu; derleme işlemleri ve kurulum adımların elle uygulanmak zorunda olması sebebiyle uzun sürebilen Gentoo'nun resmi web sitesinde, kurulumunu adım adım anlatan detaylı bir kurulum belgesi  bulunmaktadır. Büyük bir sorun yaşanmadığı müddetçe bu belge takip edilerek kurulum başarıyla tamamlanabilir. Kurulum işlemi sırasında Linux Çekirdeğini derlemek, disk bölümlerini bağlamak(mount), açılış yöneticisini ayarlamak tamamen kullanıcıya bırakılmıştır. Gentoo kurulumunun tamamen kullanıcıya bırakılması, olası zorluklarının yanında kullanıcıya sistemin işleyişini ve detaylarını öğrenebilmesi için büyük olanak sağlamaktadır. Kullanıcı Gentoo'yu ilk defa kurarken edindiği deneyim sayesinde, daha sonraki kurulumları çok fazla zorlanmadan ve zaman harcamadan tamamlayabilir. Gentoo'da edindiği genel Linux bilgisinden diğer sistemleri kullanırken de faydalanabilir.

Kullanım
Sistemde temel işleyiş için ihtiyaç duyulanlar dışında hiçbir paketin kurulu gelmemesi, kurulum aşamasının tamamen kullanıcıya bırakılmasının getirilerindendir. Bu sayede kullanıcı, ihtiyacı olmayan hiçbir paketin getireceği ek sorunlar ve güvenlik açıklarıyla uğraşmak zorunda kalmaz. Bu özellik, Gentoo'yu özellikle sunucu sistemlerde tercih edilen bir dağıtım yapmaktadır. Bir masaüstü sistemde kurulduğunda ise ihtiyaç duyulan bütün çokluortam uygulamaları, grafik tabanlı uygulamalar vb. Gentoo'nun paketleri arasından bulunup sadece birkaç komut ile kurulabilir. Gentoo'nun diğer bir avantajı da, hakkında yazılmış kapsamlı belgeleri, wiki sayfası ve pek çok soruna hazır çözüm bulunabilen forumlarıdır.

Gentoo'da her ne kadar programların kurulumları uzun sürebilse de programların derlenmesi sırasında yapılacak ayarlarla, programların çalışma zamanındaki hızları attırılabilmektedir. Bunun yanında, bütün programlar kurulu olduğu sistemin özelliklerinden en iyi faydalanacak şekilde derlenebileceği için, kullanılan sistemden verimli bir şekilde yararlanılabilir.

Paket yöneticisi olarak portage'ı kullanan Gentoo; uçbirimde yazacağınız basit bir "emerge world" komutu ile tüm programlarınızı en son sürümleriyle güncelleştirebilmektedir. Portage ile paket bağımlılıklarını otomatik olarak çözen gentoo, paketleri indirmek, derlemek ve sistemde gereken yerlere kopyalamak adımlarının hepsini otomatik olarak yapmaktadır. Paketlerin derlenmesi sırasındaki seçenekleri "/etc/make.conf" dosyasında tanımlanmış olan değerlerden alır. Ayrıca bu dosyada çeşitli "use flag"ler tanımlanabilir. Use flagler sayesinde, her programın derleme zamanında kazanabileceği özellikler belirtilebilir. Örneğin "jpeg" use flaginin varlığı, programların Jpeg desteğine sahip olacağını belirtirken, "-jpeg" şeklinde kapatılmış bir use flag, derlenen programların Jpeg desteğini içermeyeceğini belirtir. Use flag mekanizması ile, tam olarak kullanıcının isteklerine göre şekillenmiş bir sistem elde edilir. Kullanıcı ihtiyaç duyduğu bütün özelliklere use flagleri kullanarak sahip olurken, istemediği hiçbir özelliği kurmak zorunda değildir. Gentoo'nun esnekliğinin ve özelleştirilebilirliğinin bir kısmı, paket yöneticisi portage'ın bu özelliklerinden ötürüdür.

Sürüm tarihçesi
 1.0, 31 Mart 2002
 1.2, Haziran 2002
 1.4 5 Ağustos 2003
 1.4 bakım sürümü 1 11 Eylül 2003
 2004.0 1 Mart 2004  (sürümler yılda dört tane olacak şekilde değiştirildi)
 2004.1 28 Nisan 2004
 2004.2 26 Temmuz 2004
 2004.3 15 Kasım 2004
 2005.0 27 Mart 2005 (sürümler yılda iki tane olacak şekilde değiştirildi)
 2005.1 8 Ağustos 2005
 2005.1-r1 21 Kasım 2005 (bakım sürümü 1)
 2006.0 27 Şubat 2006
 2006.1 30 Ağustos 2006
 2007.0 7 Mayıs 2007
 2008.0_beta1 1 Nisan 2008
 2008.0 6 Temmuz 2008
 2010.0 4 Ekim 2009
 2011.0 8 Mart 2011

Dış bağlantılar
 Gentoo Linux Resmi Sayfası
 Gentoo Elkitabı (İngilizce)  Kurulumdan önce okunması tavsiye edilir.
 Gentoo Elkitabı (Türkçe) (Güncel Değil)
 Gentoo tartışma forumları
 Gentoo Linux felsefesi (İngilizce)
 Planet Gentoo  Gentoo geliştirici günlükleri

Kaynakça

PowerPC işletim sistemleri

Linux dağıtımları

Gentoo Linux


HP Indigo Division é uma divisão de negócios e soluções gráficas da HP Inc.. Foi fundada em 1977 em Israel, como Indigo, e adquirida pela Hewlett-Packard em 2001 (mais de uma década antes da gigante da tecnologia se dividir em HP Inc. e Hewlett Packard Enterprise).  A HP Indigo desenvolve, fabrica e comercializa soluções de impressão digital, incluindo impressoras digitais industriais, materiais, suprimentos proprietários e soluções de fluxo de trabalho. A HP Indigo tem escritórios em todo o mundo, com sede em Ness Ziona, Israel.

A Indigo é conhecida como pioneira da tecnologia de impressão digital. Modelo de produção gráfica que refere-se à capacidade de imprimir sem placas ou outros processos de ferramentas, e tem três grandes benefícios, tornando a impressão curta e a impressão personalizada econômica, permite o uso de dados variáveis (como texto ou imagens), e torna possível a impressão just-in-time. Como resultado, a impressora digital mudou os modelos econômicos para impressão em uma ampla variedade de segmentos de mercado, incluindo rotulagem, embalagem, marketing, bem como livros didáticos, periódicos e periódicos educacionais. Esses aspectos são particularmente importantes dada a consolidação e diminuição da rentabilidade dos segmentos tradicionais de impressão, como o declínio dos jornais e revistas.

Além disso, a impressão digital reduz significativamente o desperdício de materiais associados à pré-imprensão, obsolescência e armazenagem.  Como uma prensa digital é capaz de imprimir uma imagem diferente para cada impressão individual em seu fluxo de saída, a prensa digital permite que campanhas de marketing cheguem aos consumidores de maneiras mais criativas e envolventes. Exemplos incluem anúncios altamente direcionados, edições sazonais e limitadas de consumíveis, introduções de novos produtos e produtos individualmente personalizados.

Em 10 de março de 2020, a HP anunciou uma nova arquitetura focada em velocidade para LEP chamada LEPx. Isso incluiu sua sexta geração de prensas. A primeira prensa usando LEPx, imprime a 120 folhas por minuto, e foi projetada para ter até 12 estações de tinta à prensa.

Ver também
 Produção gráfica
 Gráfica
 Impressão offset
 Flexografia
 Pré-impressão

Ligações externas
 Site da divisão da HP Indigo

Processos de impressão
Tipografia

HP Indigo


Rużar Briffa (1906–1963) was a Maltese poet and dermatologist, and a major figure in Maltese literature.

"I never thought of publishing these poems in a book. Some were written in hard times, others in moments of joy. And I wrote them for myself."  These were the poet's words as they appeared in his first collection of poetry, Poeżiji, published in 1971 thanks to his second wife Louisette and his friend P. Valentin Barbara's constant encouragement.

Life

He was known as the poet "of smallness and simplicity - the best". Rużar Briffa studied at the Saint Elmo elementary state school and at the Valletta Lyceum. Having obtained his matriculation certificate, in 1923 he started teaching at elementary schools. In 1924, he began his studies in medicine at the University of Malta and completed them in London in venereology and dermatology. In 1932 he became a specialist in skin diseases. He was known for his humility and his greatheartedness in dealing with his patients, especially those suffering from leprosy.

According to his wife Louisette, he dreamed of beautifying disfigured and suffering patients through his medical work.  This aesthetic concern emerges frequently in his literary work, so much so that he was known as the "Poet of Beauty" amongst his contemporaries.

In 1931, together with his friend Ġużè Bonnici, he founded the Għaqda tal-Malti Università, which is active to date, and started issuing the magazine Leħen il-Malti ("Voice of the Maltese").

Rużar Briffa died on 22 February 1963.  His full biography was released in 1984 by Professor Oliver Friggieri.

The Maltese town of Mosta contains a road named in his honour, Triq Rużar Briffa.

Poetry

Many of his poems were written on bits of papers cut from notebooks or on the inner part of a used packet of cigarettes.  Others were written on papers intended for medical prescriptions, on paper-bags; in short, he would use anything that was at hand to capture his poem on paper.

Although Briffa wrote very little, he was greatly appreciated by literary critics. These are some comments Briffa passed on poetry, as an individual interpretation and universal expression:

References

University of Malta alumni
20th-century Maltese poets
Maltese male poets
1906 births
1963 deaths
Maltese dermatologists
20th-century male writers
20th-century Maltese physicians
Crown Colony of Malta people

Rużar Briffa


|}

Linia 2 de tramvai din Antwerpen este o linie de tramvai din Antwerpen, Belgia, care începe în strada Kioskplaats din Hoboken și se termină în districtul Merksem.

Istoric
Linia 2 de tramvai este una din cele mai vechi din Antwerpen. Linia, deservită de tramvaie trase de cai, a fost deschisă în 1875. Inițial, traseul era unul suprateran, Suikerrui - Vlasmarkt - Groenplaats - Gara Antwerpen-Centraal - Harmonie - Hoboken. În 1963, stația de pornire a devenit Groenplaats. În 1975, primul tunel al sistemului de premetrou a fost inaugurat între Groenplaats și Opera. În 1980, acesta a fost continuat între Opera și Plantin, iar în 1990 linia a fost extinsă până în cartierul Linkeroever, pe malul stâng al Scheldei. Până pe 1 septembrie 2012, linia 2 a continuat să lege Hoboken (Kioskplaats) de cartierul Linkeroever, trecând prin Groenplaats.

În noaptea de 31 decembrie 2013, până pe 1 ianuarie 2014, tramvaie speciale pentru Sărbători au circulat toată noaptea, ca parte a unui proiect pilot, din Hoboken până la premetrou, pe traseul liniei 2, urmate de tramvaie de la premetrou și până la stația Metropolis, pe traseul liniei , începând cu o jumătate de oră înainte de miezul nopții (sfârșitul obișnuit al serviciului) și până la ora 5 dimineața (începutul obișnuit al serviciului). Acest program a fost repetat între 31 decembrie 2015 și 1 ianuarie 2016.

Traseu și stații
Linia 2 conectează sudul comunei belgiene Hoboken de nordul cartierului Merksem, trecând prin centrul orașului Antwerpen. Linia folosește tunelurile premetroului din Antwerpen între stațiile Plantin și Sport.

Stațiile

Exploatarea liniei
Linia 2 este exploatată de De Lijn. Ea este parcursă de tramvaie în circa 46 de minute.

Materialul rulant
Începând cu 1 septembrie 2012, pe această linie circulă în special tramvaie HermeLijn, deși uneori, în timpul orelor de vârf, sunt folosite și modele mai vechi PCC, datorită lipsei de spațiu din depoul din Hoboken.

Simbolul liniei
Simbolul acestei linii, prezent pe afișajul tramvaielor, este cifra "2" scrisă cu culoare albă pe un cartuș rectangular de culoare verde.

Referințe

Vezi și
 Premetroul din Antwerpen
 De Lijn

Tramvaiul din Antwerpen
Antwerpen

Linia 2 de tramvai din Antwerpen


Die Seeschlacht von Okpo war eine Seeschlacht im Rahmen des Imjin-Kriegs. Sie fand am 16. Juni 1592 (29. Tag im 5. Monat nach dem chinesischen Lunisolarkalender) zwischen einer japanischen Seeflotte und der koreanischen Seeflotte vor der Küste der Insel Geojedo statt.

Vorgeschichte
Als die japanische Armee unter Toyotomi Hideyoshi im Jahre 1592 ihren ersten Angriff zur Eroberung Koreas startete, traf sie auf einen Gegner, der sich zum größten Teil trotz deutlicher Vorzeichen nicht auf eine Invasion vorbereitet hatte. Die koreanischen Truppen waren schlecht ausgerüstet, ausgebildet und organisiert und wurden somit leichte Beute für die Invasoren. Innerhalb von nur zwanzig Tagen erreichten sie die Hauptstadt, die König Seonjo nach General Shin Rips Niederlage bei der Schlacht von Chungju bereits fluchtartig verlassen hatte, und auch weitere Kämpfe endeten mit der Niederlage der koreanischen Armee. Viele koreanische Kommandanten handelten in ihrer Panik überstürzt, noch bevor sie überhaupt Feindkontakt verzeichnen konnten; der Kommandant der Rechten Gyeongsang-Marinedivision, Won Gyun, zum Beispiel versenkte bis auf vier Schiffe seine gesamte Flotte und verschenkte somit die Chance, den Japanern einen möglicherweise empfindlichen Schlag zuzufügen.

Der Kommandeur der Linken Jeolla-Marinedivision, Yi Sun-sin, hingegen hatte sich seit über einem Jahr intensiv auf eine Invasion durch die Japaner vorbereitet. Obwohl er noch keine Erfahrung in der maritimen Kriegsführung besaß, hatte er die Stärken und Schwächen der Koreaner und der Japaner sorgfältig abgewogen und eine kleine, aber schlagkräftige Flotte aufgebaut, um die Japaner auf See zu schlagen und damit deren Landtruppen von ihren Versorgungslinien abzuschneiden. Am 11. Juni 1592 erhielt Yi Sun-sin schließlich vom König den Befehl, die feindliche Flotte anzugreifen. Er sandte Hilfegesuche an Won Gyun und den Admiral Yi Eok Ki aus und machte sich dann am 14. Juni auf die Suche nach dem Feind. Am darauffolgenden Tag traf sich Yi Sun-sin mit Yi Eok Ki und Won Gyun vor dem Hafen von Dangpo, wobei Won erheblich verspätet eintraf.

Ursprünglich versuchte die vereinigte koreanische Flotte die Japaner bei Kadok vorzufinden, doch Yi Sun-sins Kundschafter machten ein Geschwader von 50 Schiffen bei der Insel Geojedo aus, das die Umgebung des Seehafens Okpo plünderte und brandschatzte. Daraufhin beschloss Yi Sun-sin, zuerst diesen Verband zu vernichten und ließ daher Kurs auf Geojedo nehmen.

Schlachtverlauf
Am 16. Juni erreichte die vereinte koreanische Flotte Geojedo, wo die japanische Flotte unter der Führung des Daimyos Tōdō Takatora nach wie vor vor Anker lag. Die Japaner sichteten die feindliche Flotte, und die Besatzungen hasteten sofort an Bord ihrer Schiffe. Die Japaner aber führten zu der Zeit noch keine schweren Geschütze mit sich, sondern verließen sich bei ihren Seegefechten zumeist auf direkte Enterangriffe und die Arkebusen, die die Soldaten als eine ihrer Primärwaffen einsetzten. Yi Sun-sin jedoch hatte nicht vor, dem Feind im Nahkampf zu begegnen, da er um dessen Stärke in diesem Bereich wusste, sondern verließ sich stattdessen auf eine starke Bewaffnung von Kanonen auf seinen Schlachtschiffen.

Als die Japaner die Anker lichteten und zum Angriff übergehen wollten, umzingelte Yi Sun-sin mit seiner Flotte den Feind mit einer horizontalen Linienformation und ließ das Feuer eröffnen. Der größeren Reichweite der koreanischen Geschütze hatten die Japaner nichts entgegenzusetzen; der Großteil ihrer Schiffe wurde vernichtet, bevor sie sich dem Feind überhaupt auf Musketenschussweite nähern konnten. Nur einem geringen Teil der japanischen Streitkräfte gelang es, sich ans Ufer und später zurück zu ihren Linien zu retten, während die Koreaner nicht ein einziges Schiff oder einen einzigen Mann verloren hatten.

Nach diesem Sieg verbrachte Yi-Sun-Sins Flotte die folgenden Tage auf See, um einen Gegenschlag der Japaner zu Land zu verhindern. Im Verlauf des restlichen und des nachfolgenden Tages traf die Flotte noch auf zwei kleinere Feindverbände bei Happo und Chokjinpo und versenkte in den darauffolgenden Scharmützeln weitere 16 von 18 Schiffen, bevor sie sich wieder zu Yi Sun-sins Basis auf Yeosu zurückzog.

Auswirkungen
Der Sieg bei Okpo war der erste große Sieg, den die Armee von Chosun nach der Invasion und den raschen Erfolgen der Japaner an Land erzielte. Die Nachricht von dieser Niederlage wurde von den japanischen Truppenführern als derart katastrophal aufgefasst, dass man sie vor Hideyoshi zu verbergen suchte. I dagegen wurde aufgrund dieses überwältigenden Sieges und seiner späteren Erfolge schließlich zum Rang des "Oberbefehlshabers der Marine der Drei Provinzen" (kor. , , Samdo Sugun Tongjesa), befördert, der speziell durch die Umstände des Krieges ins Leben berufen worden war.

Heutige Zeit
Zur Erinnerung an den Sieg der Koreaner wurde 1996 der Okpo Great Victory Commemorative Park eröffnet. Im Okpo Memorial auf Koje erscheint auf einem Gemälde, welches die Schlacht bildlich darstellt, fälschlicherweise ein Geobukseon, was erst einige Zeit später in der Schlacht von Sacheon das erste Mal zum Einsatz kam.

Siehe auch
 Liste bedeutender Seeschlachten

Literatur
 Sung-do Jho: "Yi Sun-Shin: A National Hero of Korea." Chinhae, Naval Academy 1970.
 Stephen Turnbull: "The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592–98." Oxford, Osprey Publishing 2008. ISBN 978-1-84603-254-7
 koreanhero.net: Yi Sun-Shin: A National Hero of Korea (abgerufen am 28. April 2012)
 Admiral Yi Sun-Shin (abgerufen am 28. April 2012)
 Encyclopedia Britannica Online: Yi Sun-Shin (abgerufen am 28. April 2012)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Okpo
Myongnyang
1592
Japanisches Meer
Geoje

Seeschlacht von Okpo


John Stanley Body  (7 October 1944 – 10 May 2015) was a New Zealand composer, ethnomusicologist, photographer, teacher, and arts producer. As a composer, his work comprised concert music, music theatre, electronic music, music for film and dance, and audio-visual gallery installations. A deep and long-standing interest in the music of non-Western cultures – particularly South-East Asian – influenced much of his composing work, particularly his technique of transcribing field recordings. As an organiser of musical events and projects, Body had a significant impact on the promotion of Asian music in New Zealand, as well as the promotion of New Zealand music within the country and abroad.

In 2015 he was named a New Zealand Arts Icon, the highest award given by the New Zealand Arts Foundation and the first composer to be so honoured. In November 2020, Body's status as an Arts Icon was suspended by the Arts Foundation following allegations that Body had sexually abused male students at Victoria University. In January 2022, following a formal apology by the university to these students, the Arts Foundation confirmed that his award was no longer recognised by the organisation.

Biography
Jack Body was born 7 October 1944 in Te Aroha, a town in the North Island farming district of the Waikato. Both parents came from farming families; his father, Stan, was an earthmoving contractor. Seeing his older sisters take piano lessons, Body convinced his parents to let him follow suit, and began piano lessons from William Cranna, a graduate of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and employee of the local power board. Body's first composing efforts as a child were re-composing his prescribed Royal Schools exercises and performing them at end-of-year piano recitals in the local church hall.

Body attended secondary school as a boarder at King's College, Auckland. There, his interest in both music and painting was kindled amidst the school's dynamic musical life under the leadership of music teacher L C M Saunders, with whom Body took piano and organ lessons. On completing secondary school, he applied for the Elam School of Fine Arts but instead chose to study music at the University of Auckland, beginning a Bachelor of Music in 1963. At that time composition was not offered as a course of study at an undergraduate level; nevertheless, Body composed prolifically during his undergraduate years. While studying at the University of Auckland, Body also took organ lessons with Peter Godfrey and sang in the choir of St. Mary's Anglican Cathedral, Parnell. In 1965 he was appointed organist and choirmaster of St. Aidan's Anglican Church in Remuera.

After graduating his BMus with first class Honours, Body began his Masters of Music in 1966, studying composition with Ron Tremain in his first year and Robin Maconie in his second. He completed his MMus, along with an additional teaching degree, in 1967. As a postgraduate student, Body began corralling artists and musicians for events and projects. A considerable crowd of avant-garde Auckland artists gravitated around his Birdwood Crescent flat in Parnell. In 1967, while president of the New Zealand Chapter of ISCM (International Society for Contemporary Music), Body organised a festival called Aucklanders and the Arts in the University of Auckland Student Union Building.

An Arts Council Grant in 1969 enabled Body to travel to Cologne to study at Mauricio Kagel's Ferienkurse für Neue Musik. With an extension of the Arts Council Grant, Body was able to study at the Institute of Sonology in Utrecht, the Netherlands, from 1969 to 1970. Returning home in 1970 via travels through Greece, North India, and Jakarta sparked Body's lifelong fascination with non-Western musical traditions.

On his return to New Zealand, Body took up a teaching position at Tawa College in Wellington, but resigned after one year to focus on freelance composition projects. Body travelled to Bali and Java for four months in 1974, after which the Akademi Musik Indonesia in Yogyakarta (now in the Indonesian Arts Institute), invited him to return in 1976 as a guest lecturer. Body's return trip to Yogyakarta was supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Although Body was teaching Western music practice at the Akademi, his experience living in Yogyakarta enabled him to learn about the region's traditional music, as well as make numerous field recordings of local music and environmental sounds.

After a year in Yogyakarta, Body met linguist Yono Soekarno (or Sukarno) in an Indonesian post office and who was to be his partner for his remaining 40 years. Body was gay; fellow composer Ross Harris said that Body "was a gay artist.... that was a basic position from which he did his work".

At the end of 1977, Body and Soekarno returned to Wellington, where Body worked as a freelance composer while tutoring at Victoria University and running workshops in secondary schools. 1980 saw the retirement of Douglas Lilburn as composition professor at Victoria University (now the New Zealand School of Music); Body applied for and was offered the position. Body remained on the composition faculty of Victoria University until his retirement in 2009.

Body lived out the rest of his life in Wellington, amidst countless travels overseas. His first trip to China was in 1985, whereupon he began formulating ideas for what would become his opera Alley, based on the life of Rewi Alley, a New Zealand political activist in China.

Celebratory concerts in honour of Body's 70th birthday were held at both the University of Auckland and Victoria University Wellington in April 2014. After a long battle with cancer, Body died 10 May 2015 in Mary Potter Hospice, Wellington, the day after his meditation on mortality "Cries: A Border Town" (originally entitled "Cries from the Border") received its Australian premiere at the 2015 Canberra International Music Festival. A memorial concert honouring his life was held at St. Andrews-on-the-Terrace, Wellington, on 24 May 2015.

Music and work
Body's earliest works, such as choral pieces Ave Maria Gratia Plena (1965), People Look East (1965), and Carol to St. Stephen (1975) reflect Body's early training as a church musician. His travel to South-East Asia in the early 1970s, where he encountered local musical traditions, significantly re-formed his compositional language. Many of Body's works are scored for both Western and non-Western instruments such as gamelan, sheng, and gangsa. Resonance Music (1974), for electric guitar and 6 percussionists, features gamelan; its premiere by the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation Symphony Orchestra made first use of the set of gamelan gifted to the orchestra in May 1974 by the Indonesian ambassador to New Zealand.

Field recordings made by Body in South-East Asia formed the source material for many of his electronic and electro-acoustic pieces, such as Musik Dari Jalan (1975), Musik Anak-Anak (1978), Fanfares (1981), and Interior (1987). Intimate Histories no. 1 (2005) features a personal oral history of Yono Soekarno, Jack's partner, coloured by field recordings which Body made in Soekarno's Indonesian hometown in 1977 and 1988.

As well as creating tape pieces from these field recordings, Body also developed a process of 'double-transcription', which he described as transcribing the essence of the musical source in the recording in such a way that would be playable by Western musicians. Whenever possible, Body used field recordings he himself had made, and used the original music in its entirety. Works employing these transcription techniques include Melodies for Orchestra (1983), commissioned by the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra to mark the 100th anniversary of the University of Auckland, Three Transcriptions (1988), commissioned by the Kronos Quartet, and the orchestral work Pulse (1995), which combines transcribed material from the Baining people of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea, with fragments from symphonic works by Beethoven, Berlioz, and Stravinsky.

Several of Body's works stake out a decidedly political stance. Little Elegies (1985) was commissioned by the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra to celebrate the 25th anniversary of television broadcasting in New Zealand. Rather than marking the occasion with a celebration of televised communication, Body intended for the work, which featured a video reel, to critique television's sanitization of global events, trauma, and suffering.

A major work in Body's career is his opera Alley, premiered at the 1998 New Zealand International Festival of the Arts. Alley is based on the life of Rewi Alley, a New Zealand-born writer, political activist, and member of the Chinese Communist Party who lived and taught in China from the late 1920s until his death in 1987. With a libretto co-written with Geoff Chapple, Alley's biographer, the opera featured Gansu folk singers Ji Zheng-Zhu and Li Gui-Zhou, Beijing's Huaxia Chamber Ensemble, and a small orchestra of New Zealand musicians. A last-minute funding cut left the opera in perilous straits, but an eleventh-hour fundraising effort by Body and Chapple secured its performance.

One recurring theme in Body's work is the music of non-Western cultures; another is non-normative sexual identity. Body's music-theatre piece Songs & Dances of Desire (2013), written while Auckland Philharmonia Composer-in-Residence, is based on the life of Carmen Rupe, an anti-discrimination and AIDS activist as well as the first Māori drag performer. The work features three vocalists: a counter-tenor performing Carmen's arias from  Bizet's eponymous opera, a female vocalist singing in Māori, and an operatic mezzo-soprano singing in Spanish. The poems sung by the two female vocalists are by female poets from around the world which have been translated from their original language into English, and then re-translated into either Māori or Spanish.

In addition to concert music, Body composed prolifically for screen. He wrote the theme music for television drama The Longest Winter (1974), New Zealand's first Māori language TV drama Uenuku (1974), and New Zealand's first soap opera, Close to Home (1975). Body's first feature film soundtrack was for Vincent Ward's    Vigil (1984). Body co-wrote with John Gibson the soundtrack to another Ward film, Rain of the Children (2008).

Body was also an active art photographer, though untrained, whose unconventional work was shown in several New Zealand galleries. The Male Nude Series (1983) featured male nudes in vibrant colours, created through manipulations of the film negatives. Using a scalpel, nail-file, felt-tip pen and even ball-point pen, Body worked the images by scratching and re-colouring to evoke a painterly quality. The audio-visual installation Runes (1984), commissioned by the Wellington Art Gallery, juxtaposed re-coloured photographs of graffiti in public toilets with recordings made in toilets of running water.

Legacy
Besides his work as a composer, Body's activities as an ambitious organiser and curator of musical events made an enormous mark both on New Zealand's composing community as well as on the cultural life of the country. Some of Body's earlier projects were the Sonic Circuses, the first of which took place in Wellington in March 1974, commissioned by the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation and the New Zealand Students' Arts Council. Loosely inspired by John Cage's Musicircus, the 6-hour-plus event featured New Zealand music performed across eight different venues within the Victoria University Student Union building. A second Sonic Circus followed in 1975.

As an ethnomusicologist, Body published a number of CDs of traditional Asian music. Indonesian music is documented in Music for Sale: Street Musicians of Yogyakarta (OMCD 006, and TC HLS-91), Music of Madura (CD ODE 1381) and Jemblung: Sung Narrative Traditions (PAN 2048CD). South of the Clouds, a 4-CD set released on Ode Records, documented rare field recordings of Chinese ethnomusicologist Zhang Xingrong.

Body's facilitation of international exchanges played a significant role in promoting Asian music and musicians in New Zealand. In late 1974 Body assisted ethnomusicologist Allan Thomas in bringing from Cirebon, West Java to New Zealand the country's first set of gamelan. Body later managed the Victoria University Gamelan Padhang Moncar (gamelan orchestra) for many years, during which time he commissioned several new works for the gamelan orchestra. Also while on the composition faculty at Victoria University, Body established a residency inviting musicians from regions in South-East Asia (among others, West Java, Bali, Kalinga, and Minangkabau) to work closely with the university's performers and composers. The year 2000 saw the 25th anniversary of Gamelan in New Zealand; to mark the occasion, Body co-organised BEAT, an international gamelan festival with over 100 international participants.

Body was an advocate for New Zealand music and composers. In 1975, Body released a three-LP set of New Zealand electroacoustic music, New Zealand Electronic Music (Kiwi-Pacific LP, SLD 44–46), realised in the electronic music studios of Victoria University. In subsequent years he would edit over twenty CDs of New Zealand music. In 1981, at  Douglas Lilburn's behest, Body re-activated the then-dormant Wai-te-ata Music Press, a publisher of New Zealand musical scores which Lilburn had founded. Body was editor of Wai-te-ata Music Press from 1981 to 2013, during which time the press became the largest publisher of New Zealand music. Body founded the Nelson Composers' Workshop in 1982, an ongoing annual gathering of young, emerging and established New Zealand composers where new works are performed and critiqued. He promoted New Zealand music in the international sphere, serving for many years on the executive committee of the Asian Composers' League (ACL). He was artistic director of Asia-Pacific Festivals & Conferences in 1984, 1992, and 2007: ten-day events juxtaposing traditional and contemporary music of New Zealand and the Asia-Pacific region. In 2002 he curated a series of five concerts of New Zealand music at the Ijsbreker in Amsterdam.

In 2011, Body embarked on a project to commission new works from New Zealand and Chinese composers for the traditional Chinese instruments of the Forbidden City Orchestra, working jointly with the New Zealand String Quartet. These works were premiered in Beijing in December 2013 with subsequent performances in Auckland and Wellington in March 2014.

Allegations of sexual assault
In October 2020, a number of former students at the New Zealand School of Music reported being sexually assaulted by Body, after being asked by Victoria University to consider donating to a memorial fund in his name. Victoria University said in response that, although no direct allegations had been made to the university, it would temporarily remove mentions of the memorial fund from its website "in recognition of the serious nature of these allegations" and investigate further.

In November 2020, the university said that it had been approached by former students who had given "very credible accounts" of abuse. The university said that it planned to work with survivors to design a restorative justice process, which could involve formal apologies, compensation and policy changes. The Arts Foundation's chairperson Garth Gallaway also advised that it had suspended its endorsement of Body as an Arts Icon while it "awaited further information".

In January 2022, the university issued a formal apology to Body's former students, stating:

At the same time, Gallaway confirmed that Body had been removed from the list of Arts Icons and that his award was no longer recognised by the Arts Foundation.

Awards and recognition
QEII Arts Council Grant (1969)
Bourges Competition for Electroacoustic Music (1976, 2009)
The KBB Citation for Services to New Zealand Music (1985)
Guest composer at the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music (2000)
Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to music, education and photography (ONZM) (2001)
New Zealand Music Awards: Classical CD of the Year (2002)
Lilburn Trust Award for services to NZ music (2001)
Featured composer at Other Minds Festival, San Francisco (2003)
Featured composer at Encuentros International Festival, Buenos Aires (2004)
Arts Foundation Laureate Awards (2004)
Fulbright travel grant to the Festival of NZ Music in Santa Cruz, featured composer & curator (2005)
Guest composer, Musik Hochschule, Lübeck, Germany (2006)
Featured composer, Art Summit Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia (2007)
Featured composer, 4th International Music Festival, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2007)
Guest composer, Brisbane Conservatory of Music, Brisbane Australia (2007)
Featured composer, Beijing Modern Music Festival (2008)
Featured composer, Cincinnati 08 Festival. College-Conservatory of Music, University of Cincinnati (2008)
Qantas Film & Television Awards: Best NZ Film Score (2009)
SOUNZ Contemporary Award finalist (2009)
Philip Neill Memorial Prize (1965 and 2009)
Featured composer, Foro Internacional de Música Nueva, Mexico City & Morelia (2009)
Prize, Trivium, Bourges Competition for electroacoustic music (for Intimate History No.2 Sssteve) (2009)
IAMIC Virtual Residence Composer (2010)
Guest artist, Aichi University of Arts, Nagoya, Japan (2011)
Auckland Philharmonia Composer in Residence (2012–13)
Featured composer, Beijing Modern Music Festival (2014)
Vodafone New Zealand Music Awards: Best Classical Album (2014)
Arts Icon Award, Arts Foundation of New Zealand (2015) (suspended as at November 2020)

List of works
Orchestral
23 Pages for large orchestra
Carmen Dances for solo guitar with orchestra
Eights on My Teaching for orchestra and narrator
Fanfare for Bert for orchestra
Fours on my teaching for orchestra with speaker
Hector's Ghost for orchestra
Hello Francois for orchestra
Little Elegies for orchestra
Meditations on Michelangelo for solo violin and string orchestra
Melodies for Orchestra
My Name is Mok Bhon for orchestra
Palaran: Poems of Love and War for orchestra with traditional Javanese singer
Poems of Solitary Delights for orchestra and tenor (narrator)
Pulse for full orchestra
Songs of Death and Desire for two mezzo-sopranos, counter-tenor, and orchestra
Variations for small orchestra, on a tone row by Webern

Chamber
3 Sentimental Songs for 3 percussionists and 1 pianist
African Strings for two guitars
After Bach for eight violins, eight violas, and four cellos
After Bach for four solo violas and 8 part massed violas
BAI sanxian for string quartet
Epicycle for string quartet
Fire in the Belly for piano trio
Flurry for three string quartets
Four Haiku for prepared piano and 21 solo strings
Meditations on Michelangelo for violin and piano
Nocturne for cello and piano
O Cambodia for mixed chamber sextet
O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde gross for ondes martenot, glass harp, woodwind and strings
Pain in the Arse for piano trio
Paradise Regained for vibraphone and piano
Rainforest for flute/alto flute and either piano or harp
Saetas for string quartet (and accordion)
The Caves of Ellora for piano and brass ensemble
The Garden for sixteen instruments
Three Elegies for chamber ensemble
Three Rhythmics for piano duet
Three Transcriptions for string quartet
Tribute to the Blues arrangements for clarinet, violin, viola, cello, and piano
Tribute to the Blues arrangements for thirteen piece ensemble
Turtle Time for piano, harp, harpsichord, organ and speaker(s)
Two Blues arranged for violin, cello and piano
Yunnan for flute, guitar/lute, sixian, and string quartet

Vocal
Ave Maria Gratia Plena for unaccompanied SATB
Carol to St. Stephen for soprano, alto and tenor soloists and SATB choir
Cries from the Border for string quartet and six voices
Five Lullabies for SATB choir or vocal ensemble
Fours on my teaching arranged for piano and speaker
In Memoria Memorabila for choir
In the Curve of Song for voice, tape, viola, flute/ piccolo and four percussionists
Jibrail for vocal octet and gongs
Love Sonnets of Michelangelo for soprano, mezzo-soprano, voice, and a dancer
Make Us Merry, with Canons for Brass for three male voices with three trumpets and three trombones
Marvel not Joseph for tenor and alto solos with SATB choir
Music for the New Zealand Liturgy for SATB choir and organ
Nowell (in the Lithuanian manner) Christmas carol for SA choir
Pange Lingua Gloriosi for choir with either ondes martenot and glass harp, or gamelan
Passio for voices, brass, woodwind and percussion
Pater Noster for 4 soloists, choir with percussion, drums and one melody instrument
People look East for unaccompanied SATB
Psalm 103 for SATB choir
Psalm 137 for SSAATTBB choir
Psalm 150 for SATB choir
Psalm 150 for SATB choir and percussion
Songs my Grandmother Sang arrangements for voice and piano
Song Cycle sound/light/image installation for voices and the sounds of wood and metal
The New Liturgy for unaccompanied SATB
Three Dreams & A Nightmare for vocal ensemble
Three Love Songs for tenor, viola and cello
Vox Populi for choir and tape
Waiata Maori for Maori singer and ensemble
Waiata Wahine for mezzo-soprano and chamber orchestra
Wedding Song for Saint Cecilia for mixed choir

Solo
14 Stations for amplified pianist
Aeolian Harp for solo violin
Aeolian Harp for solo cello
Aeolian Harp for solo viola
Caravan for solo violin
Five Melodies for piano
Four Stabiles for piano
Mazurka 40 – After Chopin for solo piano
Sarajevo for solo piano
The Street Where I Live a "landscape prelude" for piano and CD
Three Old-Fashioned Songs for piano

with Eastern instruments
A House in Bali for string quartet, gamelan, narrator and sheng (or oboe)
After Bach for gamelan, 4 solo violas and massed violas
Bamboo Music for 8 musicians playing bamboo instruments
BEAT (DA) for string quartet, Chinese instrumental ensemble and tape
Campur Sari for string quartet with Javanese musician
Paradise Regained for piano and gangsa
Polish Folk Dances for two clarinets in B flat, baritone saxophone, timpani and Javanese Gamelan
Resonance Music for electric guitar and 6 percussionists
The Emperor Speaks... for Chinese instrument ensemble

with electronics
Arum Manis for string quartet and tape
Duets and Choruses for tape
Encounters for 4-track tape and group of participants
Fanfares for tape
Intimate History no. 1: Yono electroacoustic music
Intimate History no. 2: ssteve a radiophonic work
Interior for chamber septet and tape
Jangkrik Genggong for tape
Kryptophones for tape
Musik Anak-Anak (Children's Music) for tape
Musik Dari Jalan (Music from the Street) for tape
Musik Mulut (Mouth Music) for tape
Poi for tape
Prelude: Azan environmental recordings
Silence and Me for tape
Sun and Steel (Homage to Mishama) interactive sound and image installation
Superimpositions computer music for piano
Tui, korimako and kokako for organ and birdsong (recorded)
Vox Humana for tape
Wananga i te rangi for tape

Opera/Stage
Alley: an opera in two acts based on the life of Rewi Alley
Invocation for SATB choirs, Cook Island choir, bells, shofar, organ, tape and orchestra
Songs and Dances of Desire: In Memoriam Carmen Rupe for solo guitar, mezzo-soprano and counter-tenor, and orchestra

Discography

References

External links
Jack Body (external website)
Jack Body at SOUNZ Centre for New Zealand Music
UNESCO information page

1944 births
2015 deaths
People from Te Aroha
Gay composers
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
University of Auckland alumni
New Zealand ethnomusicologists
Gay photographers
Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit
People educated at King's College, Auckland
New Zealand LGBT photographers
New Zealand LGBT composers
New Zealand gay musicians
New Zealand gay artists
New Zealand classical composers
New Zealand photographers
People stripped of awards
Music controversies

Jack Body


وجه الحجر قرية سورية تقع في محافظة حمص وتبعد عن مدينة حمص 20كم غرباً يحدها من الشمال قرية قبي العامرية ومن الشرق بحيرة قطينة ومن الغرب قرية لفتايا ومن الجنوب قرية دبين والناعم وهي مطلة على بحيرتين صغيرتين (الرام الغربي والرام الشرقي) ويتم تربية الأسماك فيها وتشتهر بزراعة القمح والشعير والذرة كما يشتهر سكانها بصيد الطيور مثل البط والفري والسمن و البيوض وأبو درس والدلون والشكب وبعض الطيور المهاجرة مثل البط والوز أرض بحيرة قطينة هي أرض صالحة للزراعة (أرض الفيضة) فعندما تجف البحيرة يتم زراعتها بالمحاصيل الزراعية مثل الكوسة والبطاطا ويتم تصدير البطاطا والكوسة إلى خارج القطر.

عائلات القرية
بيت الحامض - بيت شقرة - بيت صقور -بيت خضور - بيت الياسين - بيت ديوب - بيت البشلاوي - بيت القاسم -
بيت العلي ومن ضمن هذه العائلة محمد رامز العلي بطل كيك بوكسينغ نادي شرطة حماه وزن72 عام2018 .

السكان
يبلغ عدد السكان في قرية وجة الحجر حوالي 2000نسمة.

الديانة
إسلام

مختار القرية
أحمد القاسم (أبو حسن)

مصادر
موقع وجه الحجر

موقع فالينغ غريين - وجة الحجر

مراجع وهوامش

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة حمص
قرى محافظة حمص

وجه الحجر


Lavenue de Longchamp est une voie de communication située à Saint-Cloud dans les Hauts-de-Seine. Dévalant les coteaux de Saint-Cloud, elle présente la particularité d'être en grande partie constituée d'escaliers.

Situation et accès

Située dans le quartier des Coteaux, elle est desservie par la gare du Val d'Or à l'ouest et la gare des Coteaux à l'est.

Partant du haut du coteau, elle traverse le rond-point de Longchamp et la place Santos-Dumont, puis croise le boulevard Sénard et l'avenue Bernard-Palissy avant de se terminer à la Seine.

Origine du nom

Le nom de cette avenue fut attribué par la Société Anonyme Foncière des Coteaux, du Bois de Boulogne et de Longchamp qui urbanisa le quartier. Cette société elle-même prit son nom des terrains qu'elle possédait aussi de l'autre côté de la Seine, dans l'ancien village de Longchamp.

Historique

Le quartier des Coteaux fut pendant longtemps une colline de vignobles, qui tiraient parti de l'exposition de la pente à l'ouest. En 1867, un débarcadère fut établi sur le quai afin de desservir le bas de l'avenue. Vers 1900, la Société Anonyme Foncière des Coteaux, du Bois de Boulogne et de Longchamp qui avait acquis le terrain situés entre les deux voies de chemin de fer, y créa 469 parcelles de terrain dont elle assura la commercialisation. Avec la construction de nombreuses demeures sur le flanc de la colline, le quartier devint alors plus résidentiel.

Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire

 Statue d'Icare, située place Santos-Dumont.
 Gare du Val d'Or sur la ligne de Paris-Saint-Lazare à Versailles-Rive-Droite.
 Gare des Coteaux sur la ligne de Puteaux à Issy-Plaine.

Références

Longchamp

Avenue de Longchamp (Saint-Cloud)


Duisdorf, Almanya'nın batısında Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaleti Bonn kentine bağlı bölge. 1969 yılında Bonn'a dahil edildi. Hardtberg idari merkezine bağlıdır. Semtte Federal Tarım, Ekonomi, Sağlık ve Aile bakanlıkları yer alır.

Duisdorf


Hi guys welcome to this page. For more information please reload this page and after go to your web browser and search as 'get a virus' then click on first link and download it and install it then come to this page again, now you can see lots of more information.
Thank You.

අයින්ස්ටයින් පවුල


Vijzelstraat este o stradă situată între canalele concentrice ale orașului Amsterdam, începând din Muntplein și sfârșindu-se în Prinsengracht. Ea intersectează străzile Reguliersdwarsstraat, Herengracht, Keizersgracht și Kerkstraat.

Istoric
Prima parte a străzii Vijzelstraat a fost construit ca parte a celei de-a doua Declarații din 1584 și a fost numită, probabil, la începutul secolului al XVII-lea, după locuitorii Cornelis și Jan Vijselaar. Abia în 1874 a fost adoptat oficial numele Vijzelstraat. La nord de Reguliersdwarsstraat strada avea doar 7 metri lățime, iar la sud avea 10 metri.

Cea de-a doua parte a Vijzelstraat, situată între Herengracht și Prinsengracht, datează de la extinderea orașului din 1658 (cea de-a Patra Declarație). Această stradă nu era un drum principal precum Leidsestraat și Utrechtsestraat, dar era o stradă comercială majoră pentru locuitorii din împrejurimi.

Pentru a realiza o legătură mai bună între centrul orașului Amsterdam și cartierul sudic De Pijp (construit după 1870), prin extinderea liniei de tramvai, s-a propus în 1901 asanarea canalului Reguliersgracht. Acest plan a provocat o rezistență puternică din partea locuitorilor și nu a mai fost pus în practică

Lărgirea străzii
Consiliul Local al orașului Amsterdam a elaborat în 1907 un plan pentru lărgirea străzii înguste Vijzelstraat de la 10 la 22 de metri. În acest scop toate clădirile de pe latura de vest a străzii au trebuit să fie demolate, iar podurile au trebuit lărgite.

În 1914 a fost adoptată la Haga o lege prin care primăria orașului Amsterdam era autorizată să facă exproprieri pentru extinderea străzilor. Lucrările pentru lărgirea Vijzelstraat au început în 1917. Mai întâi, clădirile de pe cea mai îngustă parte a străzii, cu o lățime de numai 7 metri, au fost demolate între Muntplein și Herengracht. Aici a fost construit între anii 1926-1929 Grand Hotel Centraal (redenumit chiar înainte de inaugurare Carltonhotel), după un proiect elaborat de arhitectul Școlii din Amsterdam Gerrit Jan Rutgers. Acest hotel a fost ridicat la intersecția cu Reguliersdwarsstraat. Pe colțul cu Herengracht a fost construit în 1928 Hotelul Astoria după planurile aceluiași arhitect.

După experiențele cu Raadhuisstraat s-a decis că terenul pentru noua clădire de pe latura de vest să fie dat doar în concesiune. Acest principiu a fost aplicat pentru prima dată în Vijzelstraat la Hotelul Carlton și a reprezentat un punct de cotitură în politica municipală.

Primăria l-a numit pe arhitectul Karel de Bazel drept coordonator al noilor proiecte de construcții de-a lungul Vijzelstraat. El a proiectat vasta clădire dintre Herengracht și Keizersgracht. Clădirile de pe cea de-a doua porțiune a străzii, între Herengracht și Keizersgracht, au fost demolate în anul 1918. Pe latura de vest a străzii se aflau mai multe clădiri cu funcții comerciale. Au căzut victime sistematizării urbane nu numai micile magazine de vânzare cu amănuntul, ci și clădirea mare a Groote Bazaar De Zon (1890), ce avea o fațadă lată de 20 de metri. De asemenea, pe canalul Herengracht, chiar la vest de Vijzelstraat, au fost demolate mai multe clădiri importante ce datau din secolul al XVIII-lea. În acest loc a fost construit între anii 1922-1926 sediul Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij, care a fost proiectat de Karel de Bazel și A.D.N. van Gendt (partea tehnică a construcției). Începând din anul 2007 clădirea De Bazel găzduiește această Arhivele de Stat ale orașului Amsterdam și Biroul de Monumente și Arheologie.

Clădirile de pe porțiunea dintre Keizersgracht și Prinsengracht au fost demolate în anul 1925. Aici a fost construit în anii 1926-1928 clădirea Vijzelflat (Amstelstein) după proiectul arhitectului Școlii de la Amsterdam J.M. van der Mey. Această clădire a fost ridicată deasupra Kerkstraat, având la nivelul străzii un fel de poartă.

În prelungirea Vijzelstraat, între Prinsengracht și Lijnbaansgracht, s-a aflat între 1660 și 1670 canalul Vijzelgracht. Acest canal a fost asanat în 1933-1934. Ultima porțiune a străzii se numește Nieuwe Vijzelstraat și este construită deasupra canalului  până la Weteringschans.

În ciuda tuturor acestor modificări, Vijzelstraat are cincizeci de monumente naționale și municipale. În 2007 antreprenorii din Vijzelstraat și Vijzelgracht s-au unit în Ondernemersvereniging De Vijzel. A fost înființată, de asemenea, o asociație a locuitorilor: Vereniging Vrienden Van Vijzelstraat en Vijzelgracht.

Planuri de reînnoire
La aproximativ nouăzeci de ani după lărgirea străzii, podurile vechi sunt într-o stare proastă. Începând din 2019 podurile peste Herengracht și Keizersgracht vor fi complet reînnoite. Podul de peste canalul Prinsengracht este în curs de renovare. Strada este reproiectată, de asemenea, în cadrul programului "Covorul Roșu", care urmărește crearea unui spațiu mai mare pentru pietoni. În cursul celor trei ani de refacere a străzii, traficul rutier va fi redirecționat.

Galerie foto

Note

Străzi din Amsterdam

Vijzelstraat


Eleonora Constantinov () este o regizoare de teatru din Republica Moldova.

S-a născut în familia actorilor Ecaterina Cazimirov și Constantin Constantinov. A studiat la școala specială de muzică "E. Coca" din Chișinău, după care a absolvit în 1964 Conservatorul "G. Musicescu" (actualmente Academia de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice), în clasa dirijat coral. De asemenea, a studiat la  în anii 1966-1971, la specialitatea regie teatru muzical.

Din 1970/1971 și până în prezent, Eleonora Constantinov regizează piese la Teatrul Național de Operă și Balet "Maria Bieșu" din Chișinău. Tot atunci își începe activitatea pedagogică la Academia de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice, la catedra Canto academic, predând disciplina Măiestrie de operă. Printre cele peste 40 de spectacole montate de ea se numără:
Nunta lui Figaro de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Evgheni Oneghin, Iolanta de Piotr Ilici Ceaikovski
Traviata, Nabucco de Giuseppe Verdi
Cneazul Igor de A. Borodin
Zorii sunt liniștiți de K. Molceanov
Cavalleria rusticana de Pietro Mascagni
Alexandru Lăpușneanu de Gh. Mustea
Glira de G. Neaga
Vocea umană de F. Poulenc
Logodna la mănăstire de  S. Prokofiev
Marchitana de S. Kortez
Karlson și piciul de A. Gherșfeld

Eleonora a fost laureată a Concursului de Artă Teatrală "Florar-88". De asemenea, a devenit Maestru Emerit al Artei din RSSM în 1984/1985 și a primit Premiul de Stat al RSSM în 1989. În Moldova independentă, i-a fost conferit Ordinul Gloria Muncii în 2000 și titlul de Artist al Poporului în 2011.

A fost căsătorită, apoi divorțată; este mama a doi fii. Fostul soț a emigrat în Germania.

Referințe

Bibliografie

Lectură suplimentară

Nașteri în 1940
Nașteri pe 5 noiembrie
Moldoveni în viață
Regizori de teatru moldoveni
Femei din Republica Moldova
Decorați cu titlul de Maestru Emerit al Artelor (Republica Moldova)
Decorați cu Ordinul Gloria Muncii al Republicii Moldova
Oameni din Chișinău

Eleonora Constantinov


John Taolo Gaetsewe es un distrito municipal de Sudáfrica en la Provincia Septentrional del Cabo.

Comprende una superficie de 23,681 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Kuruman.

Demografía
Según datos oficiales contaba con una población total de 176,899 habitantes.

Referencias

John Taolo Gaetsewe

Distrito Municipal de John Taolo Gaetsewe


Zerdab Rayonu (Azerice: Zərdab rayonu), Azerbaycan'da rayon. İdarî merkezi Zerdab şehridir.

Hakkında
Zerdab adına kaynaklarda XVI. yüzyıldan rastlanır, bu sözünün kökeni konusunda birçok değişik görüşler bulunmaktadır; Soğuk su veya sarı su, zehirli su anlamı daşıdığını söyleyenler var.

Rayon 1935'te kurulmuştur.

Rayon merkezi Kura Nehrinin kıyısında yer almaktadır.

Kaynakça

Azerbaycan'ın rayonları

Zerdab (rayon)


est une série télévisée américaine créée par Nkechi Okoro Carroll et diffusée depuis le  sur le réseau .

En France, elle est diffusée à partir du  sur le service Salto en . Elle reste inédite dans les autres pays francophones.

Il s'agit du spin-off de la série .

Synopsis
Le spin-off de la série  suit Simone, une jeune espoir du tennis de Beverly Hills et Damon un joueur de baseball d'élite de Chicago. Alors qu'ils doivent faire face à leur carrière sportive dans le monde universitaire, ces deux jeunes entrent dans la vie active.

Distribution

Acteurs principaux
 Geffri Maya  : Simone Hicks
 Cory Hardrict  : Coach Marcus Turner
 Sylvester Powell  : Jessie Raymond, Jr.
 Camille Hyde  : Thea Mays
 Mitchell Edwards  : Cameron « Cam » Watkins
 Netta Walker  : Keisha McCalla
   : Nathaniel Hardin (depuis la saison 2, récurrent saison 1)

Anciens acteurs principaux
 Peyton Alex Smith  : Damon Sims (saisons 1 et 2)
   : Amara Patterson (saisons 1 et 2, invitée saison 3)

Acteurs récurrents
 John Marshall Jones  : Leonard Shaw
 Tamberla Perry  : Keena Sims
 Leonard Roberts  : Président Zeke Allen
 Derek Rivera  : Santiago Reyes
 Sabrina Revelle  : Coach Elaine Loni
   : Ralph Wells
 Iyana Halley : Wilinda
 Joe Holt  : Jessie
 Crystal Lee Brown : Celine
 Shelli Boone  : Tina Hicks
 Heather Lynn Harris  : Gabrielle
 Renee Harrison  : Aqueelah
 Martin Bobb-Semple  : Orlando « Lando » Johnson
 Jamad Mays : Rome (saison 2)
 Diahnna Nicole Baxter  :  (saison 2)
 Taylor Polidore  : Tootie (saison 2)
 Blake Brewer  : Nico Logan (saison 2)
 Alana Kay Bright : Melody (saison 2)

Invités
 Michael Evans Behling  : Jordan Baker (saison 1)
 Daniel Ezra  : Spencer James (saison 2)
 Greta Onieogou  : Layla Keating (saison 2)
 Reggie Bush : lui-même (saison 2)
 Coco Gauff  : elle-même (saison 2)

Production

Développement
Le , il a été annoncé que la chaine The CW était en train de développer un pilote pour un spin-off sur le personnage de Simone Hicks, interprété par Geffri Maya. Le , The CW a donné une commande du pilote au spin-off et l'a intitulé . Le , la série dérivée a été commandée. Le pilote devrait être diffusé le  dans la troisième saison de . La série commence sa diffusion le .

Le , la série est renouvelée pour une seconde saison.

Le , la série est renouvelée pour une troisième saison de treize épisodes.

Attribution des rôles
Le , Peyton Alex Smith, Cory Hardrict, , Sylverser Powell, Netta Walker et Camille Hyde ont été choisis pour jouer dans le pilote.

Le , il a été annoncé que Mitchell Edwards, qui revient en tant que Cam Watkins de , devrait reprendre son rôle dans cette série. Le , il a été rapporté que Tamberla Perry avait rejoint la distribution dans un rôle récurrent.

Épisodes

Pilote hors-saison (2021)
Note : Le pilote (Backdoor) est le dix-septième épisode de la troisième saison, de la série . Il a été diffusé le  sur The CW.

Première saison (2022)

Deuxième saison (2022-2023)
Une deuxième saison a été annoncé en . Elle est diffusée du  au .

Troisième saison (2023-2024)
Elle est prévue pour la saison 2023-2024.

Réception critique

Notes et références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 2022
Série télévisée américaine des années 2020
Série télévisée de The CW
Série télévisée de Warner Bros. Television
Série télévisée dramatique
Série télévisée sur l'enseignement supérieur

All American: Homecoming


.xyz é um nome de domínio de nível superior. Foi proposto no programa Novo domínio genérico de primeiro nível (gTLD) da ICANN e tornou-se disponível ao público em geral em 2 de junho de 2014. O nome de domínio surgiu porque as três letras são as últimas no alfabeto latino, e para se referir a pessoas das Gerações X, Y e Z. XYZ.com e CentralNic são os registros do domínio.

Adoção
Em novembro de 2015, .xyz atingiu 1,5 milhão de registros de nomes de domínio, possivelmente impulsionados em parte pela decisão do Google de usar abc.xyz para seu site corporativo (Alphabet Inc.), uma das primeiras grandes corporações a usar o domínio. No entanto, o registro de nomes de domínio VeriSign e outros alegaram que o registrador de nomes de domínio Network Solutions doou possivelmente centenas de milhares desses nomes, colocando-os em contas de clientes em uma base de exclusão.

Em janeiro de 2016, .xyz era o sexto nome de domínio mais registrado na Internet. Em junho de 2016, .xyz era o quarto nome de domínio de primeiro nível global (gTLD) mais registrado na Internet, depois de .com, .net e .org.

Classe 1.111B
Em 1º de junho de 2017, .XYZ lançou os domínios .xyz da classe 1.111B, que são domínios baratos com preço de US$ 0,99 por ano e renovados pelo mesmo preço. São combinações numéricas de 6 dígitos, 7 dígitos, 8 dígitos e 9 dígitos entre 000000.xyz – 999999999.xyz. Daniel Negari, CEO da .XYZ, disse que é para trazer competição, escolha e inovação para o mercado.

Domínios de topo genéricos

.xyz


Die Niederländische Badmintonmeisterschaft 1998 war die 53. Austragung der nationalen Titelkämpfe im Badminton in den Niederlanden.

Sieger und Finalisten

Weblinks
badminton.nl
worldbadminton.com

1998
Badminton 1998


الموقع الجغرافي

مسميات عده تحملها مناطق وقرى السلطنة، بعضها يشكل عامل جذب لأكتشافها والبعض الآخر بمجرد المرور عليه يبقى في الذاكرة. وفي الطريق الجبلي الواصل بين ولاية صحار في محافظة شمال الباطنة وولاية ينقل في محافظة الظاهرة، يلفت  نظر عابرى الطريق اسم "وادي الحريم" وهو ما يدفع الكثير منهم إلى العودة لاحقاً لاكتشافه، وسؤالهم الازلي حين يلتقى العابرون بالسكان  عن سبب التسمية؟. لكن لا أحد يعرف سبب هذه التسمية من السكان.

وادي الحريم أحد أودية ولاية ينقل عندما يسيل يصب في وادي عاهن في الباطنة، وادي تنمو على ضفتيه قرى وتجمعات سكنية، كلما أوغلت التقدم في الوادي أتسعت مساحته وازدادت جماليته، حيث الجبال على أمتداد البصر في تدرجات تحسب أن لا نهاية لها بتشكيلات متنوعة كأنها زخارف تتلاشى تدريجيا  تنساب المياه رقراقة في مجراه أيام الخصب والأمطار.

يبعد وادي الحريم عن مركز ولاية ينقل في حدود 45 كم وعن ولايتي صحار وصحم في حدود 70 كم كما أن هناك طريقايعبر الوادي إلى ولاية البريمي وهو ما يؤهله ليكون أحد أجندة السياحة الداخلية ورحلات التخييم وتسلق الجبال وهذا بالطبع يحتاج إلى تهيئة بعض المرافق واستكمال مد الطرق المعبدة.

النسمات الباردة التي تهب من المزارع المتناثرة على ضفتي الوادي تداعب الوجنات، حيث تنتشر على امتداد 9 كم أكثرمن 54 مزرعة متصلة ومنفصلة، تشترك جميعها في النخل الباسقات والمزروعات الموسمية التي تمنح الوادي ميزة جمالية قبل أن تصل إلى السيح حيث المساحات الواسعة تحدها الجبال بشكل دائري كمكان مثالي للتخييم وقضاء يوم ممتع بعدد لاحصر له من الأنشطة، حيث الجو المعتدل صيفا وقارس البرد شتاءً والهدوء والسكون الذي يسود لياليه في احيان كثيرة مع بعض الاصوات القادمة من أعالي الجبال لحيوانات تعيش هناك حياتها الهانئة.

وحيث الماء والخضرة  والاسم الذي يدل على الوجه الحسن يشد الناس رحالهم فإن وادي الحريم توجد به عدد من المقومات السياحية أبرزها البرك المائية، ومنها برك السويدي التي تتميز بمياها الغزيزة طوال العام حتى في أشد حالات الجفاف التي شهدتها القرية، حيث تقع في آخر الوادي وشاهدة على واحة زراعية قامت على ضفتيها في بديات القرن الماضي لم يبق منها اليوم إلا "الجلبة " وهي المكان الذي يتم زراعة القت أو الشعير أو غيرها من النباتات، وبقايا الفلج في أسفل الجبل.

وأيضا توجد بعض العيون المائية المتنوعة والتي تنتشر في السيح والتي حفرت على شكل آبار صغيرة غير عميقة غزيزة المياة حتى في حالات الجفاف تحيط بها بعض الأحواض التي جُعلت كمورد سقيا للحيوانات والماشية وللعابرين والرحالة.

تبذل الجهات المعنية عن البيئة، دوراً بارزا في توطين الضبى وبعض الحيوانات البرية الجبلية والمحافظة على الغطاء النباتي المتنوع وحمايتها من السياح والعابثين. خاصة انها قد تجفل بعض الضبى من مرور الزوار أو تلمحها تسير بين قطعان الماشية كأنها تحاول أن تخفي نفسها من المتربصين بصيدها والمهددين لتكاثرها.

من وادي الحريم يمكن للسائح أن يسأل عن "هامة " و" باحة " الواحتين الزراعيتان التي تقع في سفح جبل وواديها الجميل ببركه المائية المتوفرة طوال العام ومنها لحيل العرب كواحات زراعية تعود لأكثر من 200 سنة مضت والبئر التاريخية التي لا يعرف إلى أي فترة تعود بالرغم من الأقوال الكثيرة التي حيكت حولها على أنها منجم نحاس أو كما يسميها أهالي وادي الحريم " طوي الزبا " .

في قرية باحة قام أحد الأهالي بترميم الحارة القديمة لتحافظ على شكلها التقليدي وتحميها من السقوط لتشكل مزارا سياحيا تقع على سفح رابية بين واحة من النخيل التي يغذيها فلج عيني يأتيها من أعالي الجبال ويرويها بالماء طوال العام.  وقد عُثر مؤخراً واثناء عمليات إنشاء الطريق المؤدي إلى الوادي على مجموعة من الآثار من أواني فخارية وأواني طبخ تشبه مثيلاتها في حضارة أم النار مما يدل على وجود حياة في الوادي منذ مئات السنين.

يتميز أهالي وادي الحريم بأنهم أهل كرم مضيافين ودودين يقدمون كافة التسهيلات للرحالة والمخيمين حيث تنتج مزارعهم مختلف الخضراوات وبعضا من أنواع الفواكه حسب الموسم إلى جانب تربية المواشي والدواجن، لديهم خبرتهم في دروب الجبال بحثاً عن ما تجود به من أفضل وأجود أنوع العسل العماني الطبيعي.

أسماء المناطق التابعة للوادي
-الحريم
- فجيجات الحفا
- مقصة
- هليب
- السويدي
- الأخيضر
- المذيق
- المقصير
- الشص
- دوغثير
- فج الوناندة
- فج الصبحانية
- ردة الأشخرة
- السيدافية
ـ الرواحة
- الدفاغة
- رق القصد
- العوينة
- هامه
-جعيده

عدد السكان

يقدر عدد سكان وادي الحريم بحوالي 600 شخص بحسب تقديرات وزارة الصحة لعام 2003

سبب التسمية

هناك روايات عديدة لسبب تسمية وادي الحريم فالبعض يرجح السبب إلى فترة الحرب حيث تم تحريم الحرب في هذه المنطقة، أما الرواية الأخرى تقول: إن وادي الحريم هو حرم لبلدة (بيحا)، بينما يتفق الوالد حمد بن سالم العلوي مع الوالد سيف بن محمد البادي أن سبب التسمية يرجع إلى قلعة الحرامة التي أطلالها مازالت شاهدة على قدم حضارة المكان، وتعني تسمية الحصن أن المكان له حرمة وحماية خاصة وبمرور الزمن تحرف الاسم إلى وادي الحريم وكان اسمه في القديم وداي قلعة الحرامه، وتاريخ القلعة غير معروف لحد الآن وهذا تاريخ مروي وليس مكتوبا.

تاريخ الوادي
عُثر مؤخراً وأثناء عمليات إنشاء الطريق المؤدي إلى الوادي على مجموعة من الآثار من أوان فخارية وأواني طبخ تشبه مثيلاتها في حضارة أم النار مما يدل على وجود حياة في الوادي منذ مئات السنين، كما عثرت بعثة أميركية من جامعة هوبكنز على موقع لصناعة الأواني الحجرية في منطقة عقير الشموس، حيث تم اكتشاف مصنع تصنيع الصخور الصابونية كأول اكتشاف في شبه جزيرة العرب، وهذه الحضارة تنسب إلى العصر الحديدي الذي يمتد من 1300 ق. م.

الموارد السياحية
يتميز وادي الحريم بجمال الطبيعة الخلابة في حيث ترى الجال الشاهقة والوديان العميقة مع السماء الزرقاء الصافية.
وكذالك يتميز بوفرة الاشجار التي ترسم اللون الأخضر في المكان.

الموارد الزراعية
يتخلل وادي الحريم العديد من المساحات الزراعية التي تتراوح بين فدان إلى 10 فدان والتي تزرع بالمحاصيل الموسمية والاشجار الحولية وحتى اشجار المناطق المعتدلة مثل التفاح والرمان والزيتون.
ويعتبر القمح واشجار النخيل من المحاصيل الاقتصاديه في القرية.يشتهر وادي الحريم بزراعة المحاصيل الحقلية مثل الذرة والشعير والقمح والذي يطلق عليه اسم البر أو الصيف محليا وايضا الخضروات مثل الجح والخيار والقرعيات بمختلف اشكالها والطماطم والباذنجان والخضروات الورقيه بالإضافة الي البقوليات بانواعها المتعدده ومن ضمنها السمسم ولا ننسى أيضا المحاصيل الجذرية مثل البطاطس والجزر والفندال.ويزخر الوادي أيضا باصناف عديدة من النخيل وتعبر التمور المنتجة فيه من اجود الانوع من حيث التصنيع لان المنطقة توفر جو جاف قليل الرطوبة يلائم إنتاج التمر.وأيضا يعتبر وادي الحريم منطقة ملائمة لزراعة الكثير من المحاصيل الزراعية التي قد لا تنبت في اماكن كثيره غيره، حيث ان الانخفاض الكبير في درجات الحرارة يسهم في تحفيز بعض الاشجار مثل التفاح والرمان والنكترين على التزهير حيث ان هذا النوع من الاشجار تحتاج الي متطلبات حراريه منخفضة فمثلا بعض اصناف التفاح تحتاج على الاقل الي 300 ساعة بروده؛ درجة الحرارة فيها في حدود 7 درجات سيليزية حتى تستطيع كسر الركود والتزهير

مصادر

قرى عمان

وادي الحريم


Hvorvarp er en bebyggelse i Vesthimmerland der ligger mellem Aars og Hornum i Ulstrup Sogn. Postnummeret hører til Aars' 9600.
Bebyggelsen er centreret ved krydsene for vejene Hvorvarpvej, Jelstrupvej og Foldgangsvej.
Himmerlandsstien går forbi og krydser Hvorvarpvej og Foldgangsvej. Himmerlandsbanens nærmeste stationer for Hvorvarp har været enten Hornum Station eller Aars Station.

I Hvorvarp ligger håndværksvirksomheden Hvorvarp Tømrer-& Snedkerforretning ApS.
En tøjforretning med navnet Brudesalonen virkede frem til 2012 på Jelstrupvej.

Man finder en bondefamilie fra Hvorvarp nævnt i Johannes V. Jensens Himmerlandshistorie Pigen fra Hvorhvarp.

Referencer

Byer i Vesthimmerlands Kommune

Hvorvarp


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Ali er-Rızâ, İslâm Peygamberi Muhammed'in yedinci göbekten torunu (ö. 818)

Ölümler
 10 Kasım - İmparator Junnin, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 47. imparatoru (d. 733)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Ca'fer es-Sâdık, Caferilik fıkhının kurucusu
 Telets, Tuna Bulgar Devleti hanı

765


Fremtidens telekommunikation er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1980 instrueret af Flemming la Cour.

Handling
Diverse folk interviewes om fremtidens telekommunikation. Til hvem? Og hvornår?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1980

Fremtidens telekommunikation


Olaylar

 Smyrna büyük depremi ve yıkılışı.

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 İrodis Attikos, Yunan aristokrat, sofist, Roma senatörü (d. 101)

177


Lubanja i kosti (eng. Skull and Bones), još poznato i kao Bratstvo smrti, 322 i The Eulogian Club (hrv. euloganski klub), je tajno društvo osnovano u 1832. godini. Tajno društvo se nalazi u okviru Yale sveučilišta u Connecticutu, SAD.

Osnivači
Osnivači tajnog društva su William Huntington Russell (12. kolovoza 1809. – 19. svibnja 1885.) i Alphonso Taft. (5. studenoga 1810. – 21. svibnja 1891.)

Vidi još
 Iluminati
 Masoni
 Novus ordo seclorum
 Okultizam
 Slobodno zidarstvo
 Tajno društvo

Izvori

Okultizam
Tajna društva
Teorije zavjere

Skull and Bones


نادي زاريا لينينسك كوزنيتسكي لكرة القدم  نادي كرة قدم روسي يلعب في دوري الدرجة الرابعة . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1990 .

مراجع

الرياضة في مقاطعة كيميروفو
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1990
أندية كرة قدم في روسيا
تأسيسات سنة 1990 في روسيا
رياضيون من مقاطعة كيميروفو

زاريا لينينسك كوزنيتسكي


علي الكبير بن عطية آل جعفر هو الأمير المؤسس لأول حكم حضري مركزي في حائل وهو الجد الأكبر لعائلة آل علي وعائلة آل رشيد.
وله اربعة اخوان آل عبيد و " سليمان الرزانا و " سلامه العدالا " .

حياته

هو علي بن عطية بن خضير بن جعفر بن محمد بن شهوان بن منصور الضيغمي زعيم عشيرة عبدة من قبيلة شمر، وصل لزعامة عشيرته في عام 905 هـ، وقد وصلته الزعامة بالوراثة، فهو من بيت الامارة في الضياغم.

وقدتميز الأمير علي بن عطية عن اسلافه انه استطاع تاسيس حكم حضري في أماكن سيطرته، والانتقال من حكم المشيخة البدوي إلى حكم الامارة وكان عمله نواة لتاسيس امارة دولة شمر فيما بعد.

سمي الأمير علي بن عطية بـ علي الكبير واليه تعود الاسرتان الحاكمتان (آل علي وآل رشيد) بالنسب فهو جدهم.

أشخاص من حائل
أمراء وشيوخ قبائل سعوديون

علي الكبير بن عطية آل جعفر