Iddris Sandu, né le  à Accra, est un architecte numérique.

Il crée la première expérience de magasin de détail intelligent au monde avec Nipsey Hussle. Le magasin s'appelle The Marathon Store. Il code et crée des algorithmes.

Biographie

Début de vie
Sandu naît à Accra, au Ghana. Sa famille déménage aux États-Unis quand il a 3 ans. Il commence à apprendre et à faire de la programmation informatique à l'âge de dix ans dans une bibliothèque publique. Il grandit à Harbour City, Los Angeles, Californie. À l'âge de 13 ans, Sandu est stagiaire et travaille sur plusieurs projets Google. L'un des projets sur lesquels il travaille est Google Plus. À l'âge de 15 ans, il crée une application pour smartphone qui permet à ses camarades de classe de trouver plus facilement leurs salles de classe. Sandu a également plaidé en faveur des STEM dans le programme d'études du secondaire.

Il choisit de ne pas chercher à fréquenter un établissement d'enseignement supérieur après le lycée. Il décide de faire du stage et du conseil, en travaillant avec des sociétés telles que Boeing, Twitter, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Uber, Snapchat et Instagram.

À l'âge de 19 ans, Sandu crée ses propres applications et logiciels.

Carrière
En tant que consultant et ingénieur en conception technologique, il consulte pour des entreprises telles que Twitter et Snapchat. Pour Uber, il crée le logiciel appelé Autonomous Collision Detection Interface, un logiciel qui détecte le mouvement et la position de la main d'un conducteur. Sandu est majoritairement autodidacte.

Il a travaillé avec Kanye West, Rihanna et Jaden Smith.

Distinctions
À l'âge de 15 ans, il reçoit un certificat d'éloge de Barack Obama.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Génération Z : Plan A | Iddris Sandu | TEDxCrenshaw
 Iddris Sandu - Tech Genius : Iddris Sandu comble le fossé entre technologie et minorités
 Iddris Sandu

Personnalité américaine de l'informatique
Personnalité liée à Los Angeles
Naissance en mai 1997

Iddris Sandu


Die Internationale Kommission zur Nuklearen Nichtverbreitung und Abrüstung, englisch International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament, wurde auf Initiative der Regierungen Australiens und Japans gegründet. Ihr Hauptanliegen ist die nukleare Abrüstung.

Geschichte
Am 9. Juli 2008 kündigte die australische Regierung die Einrichtung einer Internationalen Kommission für nukleare Nichtverbreitung und Abrüstung an. Am 25. September 2008 wurden die Mitglieder und die Zielsetzungen bekannt gegeben. Zum Vorstand zählen Yoriko Kawaguchi, ehemalige japanische Außenministerin, und Gareth Evans, ehemaliger australischer Außenminister.

Im Januar 2010 legte die Kommission einen Bericht mit dem Anliegen vor, das weltweite Potential von 23.000 nuklearen Sprengköpfen, mit der insgesamt 150.000-fachen Vernichtungskraft der Hiroshima-Bombe, zu verringern. Ihr Vorschlag war der Abschluss eines internationalen Vertrags mit dem Kerninhalt "Kein Erstschlag".

Siehe auch
 Global Zero
 Verzicht auf den Ersteinsatz

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Internationale Organisation
Nuklearwaffenpolitik
Gegründet 2008


O cortină este o perdea groasă din stofă, catifea, bumbac sau in, cu falduri, care separă scena de restul unei săli de spectacol.

De obicei, cortina este ridicată la începutul unui spectacol pentru a descoperi scena și este coborâtă la sfârșitul unui spectacol. Materialul obișnuit din care se confecționează cortina este velurul, care este cusut adesea cu multe falduri pentru a crea un aspect mai opulent.

Tipuri
Există mai multe tipuri de cortine, care variază în funcție de modul de confecționare, de modul de folosire și de costuri. Cortina poate fi întinsă sau atârnată și poate avea o țesătură plată sau plisată. Unele tipuri se deschid ridicându-se în spațiul aflat deasupra scenei, alte tipuri se deplasează pe orizontală sau sunt ridicate pe verticală, se adună în partea de sus a scenei și nu necesită un spațiu suplimentar. Unele necesită un mecanism mecanic de acționare, în timp ce altele pot fi acționate de o persoană prin tragerea unei sfori sau direct a cortinei.

Imagini pictate sau proiectate pe cortină
În unele cazuri, clădirile vechi sau moderne ale teatrelor și operelor conțin cortine cu imagini pictate sau imprimate pe partea din față, cu scopul de a accentua sau de a completa tema stilistică a teatrului. Imaginile proiectate pe cortină de sistemul de iluminat al sălii pot crea un efect similar sau reprezenta imagini relevante pentru producție, scoțând în evidență cortina.

Galerie

Note

Teatru

Cortină


Boy Meets Girl é um filme de comédia estadunidense de 1938 dirigido por Lloyd Bacon e estrelado por James Cagney e Pat O'Brien. O elenco de apoio conta com Marie Wilson, Ralph Bellamy, Frank McHugh, Dick Foran e Ronald Reagan. O roteiro de Bella e Sam Spewack é baseado na peça teatral de mesmo nome de 1935. Os dois personagens de Cagney e O'Brien foram baseados em Ben Hecht e Charles MacArthur, enquanto o papel de Ralph Bellamy foi baseado em Darryl Zanuck da 20th Century Fox.

Boy Meets Girl foi apresentado no programa de rádio Old Gold Comedy Theatre em 20 de maio de 1945. A adaptação de 30 minutos foi estrelada por Ann Sothern, Chester Morris e Lee Tracy..

Elenco
 James Cagney ...Robert Law
 Pat O'Brien ...J. Carlyle "J.C." Benson
 Marie Wilson ...Mrs. Susan "Susie" Seabrook
 Ralph Bellamy ...C. Elliott "C.F." Friday
 Frank McHugh ...Rossetti, Larry's agent
 Dick Foran ...Larry Toms
 Bruce Lester ...Rodney Bowman
 Ronald Reagan ...locutor
 Paul Clark...Happy
 Penny Singleton ...Peggy
 Dennie Moore ...Miss Crews
 Harry Seymour ...Slade
 Bert Hanlon ...Green
 James Stephenson ...Major Thompson
 Pierre Watkin ...B.K. Whitacre

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1938
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes da Warner Bros.
Filmes de comédia dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de comédia da década de 1930
Filmes dirigidos por Lloyd Bacon
Filmes em língua inglesa

Boy Meets Girl (1938)


Konstantan (engl. constantan, od lat. constans, genitiv constantis: nepromjenjiv, postojan) je legura ili slitina bakra i nikla (omjer 55 : 45). Zbog velike električne otpornosti upotrebljava se za izradu električnih otpornika s promjenljivim otporom (reostat), a zbog stalnoga temperaturnoga koeficijenta otpornosti i za izradu termočlanaka (termoelemenata), na primjer za visokotemperaturne termometre (u paru sa željezom ili bakrom).

Termočlanak

Termočlanak ili termoelement je vrsta termometra namijenjena pretežno mjerenju viših temperatura (do 1 500 °C), a osniva se na Seebeckovu učinku ili Seebeckovu efektu, to jest fizikalnoj pojavi da u dva električna vodiča od različita materijala, kojima su krajevi spojeni, nastaje električni napon, odnosno teče električna struja, ako su spojevi na različitim temperaturama. Nastali napon ramjeran (proporcionalan) je razlici temperature između toplijeg i hladnijega spoja vodiča. Različiti parovi materijala (termoparovi) daju različite napone za istu razliku temperature, pa se najčešće odabiru oni koji u određenom području temperature daju najveće napone. Najpoznatiji su termoparovi željezo-konstantan, platina-platinarodij, nikal-kromnikal i bakar-konstantan.

Izvori

Slitine

Konstantan (legura)


Pavana u fis-molu, op. 50 je skladba koju je Gabriel Fauré napisao 1887. godine i posvetio ju grofici Élisabeth Greffulhe. Izvorno je napisana za manji orkestar, ali je na grofičin zahtjev Fauré dodao zbor. Inačicu za klavir objavio je 1889. godine.

Nastanak
Pavana (tal. pavana, [danza] padovana - ples iz Padove, šp. pavane - paun), spori svečani dvorski ples koji se u otvorenim parovima plesao u Europi u 16. stoljeću, a naročito je bio omiljen u Španjolskoj. U ranom baroku pavana je bila jedan od stavaka orkestarske suite, ali se kasnije osamostaljuje u posebnu formu.

Fauré je u ljeto 1887. godine napisao pavanu za manji orkestar, da bi bila izvedena u sklopu lakih ljetnih koncerata Julesa Danbéa. Međutim, djelo je posvetio svojoj patroni grofici Élisabeth Greffulhe te je na njen zahtjev dodao zbor (SATB) sa stihovima koje je napisao njen rođak Robert de Montesquiou. Orkestarska inačica premijerno je izvedena 25. studenoga 1888. godine u Parizu, a sa zborom tri dana kasnije. Fauré je kasnije djelo preradio za solo klavir. Grofica Greffulhe je na jednoj od svojih vrtnih zabava 1891. godine u "koreografskom spektaklu" upriličila izvođenje Pavane sa zborom i baletom.

O glazbi
Orkestracija: 2 flaute, 2 oboe, 2 klarineta, 2 fagota, 2 roga, gudači (zbor ad lib.)

Tonalitet: fis-mol

Pavana je napisna u ternarnoj formi (ABA). Tempo je andante molto moderato (oko 90 d/min). Podloga čitave skladbe je pizzicato gudača, svih ili po sekcijama, tako da za gudače u ovoj skladbi skoro da nema odmora. Flauta uvodi sjetnu temu koju preuzimaju oboa i drugi puhači, a zatim je razrađuju s orkestrom. Kratak srednji dio je strastveniji, ali u istom raspoloženju, a za njim se vraća glavna tema.

Tekst Roberta de Montesquioua se opcijski izvodi (ad libitum). U početku se smjenjuju pojedinačni glasovi, koji se na kraju združuju.

Uobičajeno trajanje je oko 6 minuta.

Utjecaj
Skladba se najčešće izvodi bez zbora. Izuzetno je popularna, mnogo puta je obrađivana za razna glazbala i nalazi se u mnogim kompilacijama relaksirajuće glazbe. Na primjer, Radio Swiss Classic u svojoj bazi ima četiri različita izvođenja Pavane:
 Academy of St Martin in the Fields, dirigent Sir Neville Marriner, zbor Chorus of St Martin in the Fields (Decca Records / 448 711-2, 1996.)
 Orpheus Chamber Orchestra (orkestar po koncepciji nema dirigenta) (DG / 449 186-2, 1996.)
 Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, dirigent Charles Olivieri-Munroe, solistica na violončelu Sol Gabetta (RCA Red Seal / 88697312792, 2008.)
 Academy of St Martin in the Fields, dirigent Mathias Mönius, solist na oboi d'amore Albrecht Mayer (Decca Records / 478 2562, 2010.)

Pavana je obrađivana i u drugim glazbenim žanrovima (Bill Evans, Jethro Tull, Xzibit), kao i u filmovima.

Vidi još
 Glosar klasične glazbe

Izvori
 Pavana u neslužbenom vodiču koncerta Niškog simfonijskog orkestra 26. rujna 2019., dirigentica Milena Injac, sa stranice "Rat protiv slova A"  (objavljeno: 18. rujna 2019., pristupljeno: 29. svibnja 2020.)
 Pavana na stranici AllMusic, www.allmusic.com  (pristupljeno: 29. svibnja 2020.)
 Pavana op. 50 Gabriela Fauréa na stranici IMSLP, imslp.org  (pristupljeno: 29. svibnja 2020.)
 Pavana op. 50, zvučni zapisi u više raznih izvođenja, MP3 Quack  (pristupljeno: 20. kolovoza 2020.)

Skladbe razdoblja romantizma

Pavana (Fauré)


Şilomikronlar ince bağırsağın emici hücreleri tarafından oluşturulan büyük ebatlı (75-1200 nm çaplı) lipoproteinlerdir. Elektroforezde göç etmeyip yoğunluğu 0,95 g/mL'den düşüktür.

Besin yoluyla alınan trigliseritler şilomikronlar tarafından yağ, kalp ve kas dokularına taşınırlar. Bu dokuların kılcal damarlarında bulunan lipoprotein lipaz tarafından parçalanır. Ortaya çıkan yağ asitleri bu dokular tarafından emilir; gliserol ise kana karışır, sonunda karaciğer ve böbrekler tarafından alınıp dihidroksi aseton fosfata dönüştürülür.

İnce bağırsaktan kana gitmek için şilomikronlar önce eksositoz yoluyla enterositlerden ince bağırsaktaki viluslardan başlayan lenf kanallarına salınırlar, böylece lenf sistemi girip buradan kan dolaşım sistemine geçerler.

Yapısı

Yapısında %1-2 oranında protein, %98-99 lipid bulunur. Bu lipidi %84'ü nötral yağ, %7'si fosfolipid, %5'i kolesterol esteri ve %1-2'si de kolesterolden ibarettir. Taşıdıkları başlıca apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB48), apoA-I, apoA-II ve apoA-IV'dür. ApoB48 sadece şilomikronlarda bulunur.

Dolaşım sırasındaki değişimler

Şilomikronlar bağırsak mukoza hücrelerinde üretilir ve besinsel yağ, kolesterol ve kolesterol esterlerini periferik dokulara taşırlar. Lenf ve kanda dolaşırken şilomikronlar taşıdıkları lipitleri yüksek yoğunluklu lipoproteinlerdekilerle (HDL) değişirler. HDL apolipoprotein C-II (apoC2) ve apolipoprotein E (apoE)'yi yeni salgılanmış şilomikronlara aktarır. ApoC2, lipoprotein lipaz (LPL) nin kofaktörüdür, onun sayesinde trigliseritler parçalanabilir. Trigliseritler dokulara dağıtıldıktan sonra şilomikronlardaki apoC2 tekrar HDL'ye geçer, ama apoE kalır. Bu lipoproteinlere "artık şilomikron" denir. ApoB48 ve apoE proteinleri sayesinde şilomikron artıklarının karaciğerde tutulup orada parçalanırlar. Böylece şilomikronların taşıdığı kolesterol de karaciğere teslim edilmiş olur.

Lipoproteinler

Şilomikron


Turruxe, Turrux ou Turrush é um topónimo de um lugar do al-Andalus (Hispânia islâmica) cuja localização é incerta. O local está ligado a diversos acontecimentos históricos relevantes e foi a terra natal de Almançor, o homem mais poderoso do da Península Ibérica na segunda metade do , que foi o governante de facto do Califado de Córdova.

Localização
A Turruxe onde nasceu Almançor foi uma alcaria pertencente à Cora de al-Yazirat, situada junto à foz do  (atualmente na área de  do município de San Roque da província de Cádis). No entanto, o facto de na Andaluzia haver muitos topónimos derivados do  , sobretudo nas províncias de Málaga e de Granada, fez com que várias localidades tenham sido erradamente assinaladas como sendo o local de nascimento de Almançor.

Entre as outras alternativas, para a localização estão ter sido um arrabalde de Algeciras e a atual Torrox, na província de Málaga, cerca de 50 km a leste da capital provincial e quase 200 km a nordeste de Algeciras. No entanto, o único local que atualmente tem esse nome é o , que já existia antes da época muçulmana e se situa em , no município de Algarinejo, província de Granada, cerca de 80 km a oeste da capital provincial e 220 km a nordeste de Algeciras.

Acontecimentos históricos ligados a Turruxe
 755 — O príncipe omíada Abderramão ibne Moáuia ibne Hixame, fugido de Damasco devido à Revolta Abássida, instala-se em Turruxe a preparar a tomada de Córdova com a ajuda de moçárabes. A cidade é conquistada pouco depois e Abderramão funda o Emirado de Córdova, tornando-se o primeiro emir independente do al-Andalus, que deixou de estar dependente do califado.
Décadas de 880 e 890 — Com o apoio dos moçárabes locais, Turruxe integra o estado independente criado pelo líder rebelde de origem hispano-goda Omar ibne Hafeçune.
Maio de 914 — Após vários anos de combates contra ibne Hafeçune, Abderramão III, o poderoso fundador do Califado de Córdova, cerca a povoação durante cinco dias para acabar definitivamente com o domínio local dos rebeldes. Após vencer a batalha, o califa ordena a destruição do castelo. Segundo outros autores a destruição, parcial, do castelo teria ocorrido anos mais tarde, em 921.
938 ou 939 — Almançor nasce em Turruxe, onde passou a infância.
1439 — Neste ano, segundo , Cesna (onde se situa o Castelo de Turrush) já estava em poder dos castelhanos, mas segundo algumas fontes foram reconquistadas posteriormente pelos nacéridas.
21 de abril de 1483 — As tropas de Isabel, a Católica derrotam um exército muçulmano em duros combates travados em terras de Lucena, Iznájar e Cesna, durante os quais é preso Boabdil, o último monarca muçulmano ibérico, segundo alguns autores, no Castelo de Turrush.

Notas e referências

Bibliografia

Localidades do Al-Andalus
História da Andaluzia

Turruxe


Maria Schöne (* 23. April 1987 in Großröhrsdorf) ist eine deutsche Schachspielerin. 2009 erhielt sie von der FIDE den Titel Internationaler Meister der Frauen (WIM).

Schach
Im Alter von 9 Jahren lernte Maria Schöne von ihrem Vater das Schachspielen. 1997 wurde sie Mitglied des SV Fortschritt Großharthau und drei Jahre später wechselte sie zum SC 1911 Großröhrsdorf. Der Großmeister Zigurds Lanka war einer ihrer Trainer. Aufgrund eines 2005 begonnenen Studiums der Psychologie kam sie nach Magdeburg. Ihrem Heimatverein blieb sie jedoch als Nachwuchstrainerin treu. Kriminalpsychologie ist ihr Berufswunsch.

Jugendturniere (Auswahl)

Bei ihrer ersten Deutschen Jugendmeisterschaft 1998 in Oberhof erreichte sie mit 6½ aus 11 in der U11 einen 3. Platz bei den Mädchen, hinter Friederike Wolk und Sandra Krege. 1999 war es dann in Oberhof bereits ein zweiter Platz bei den Mädchen U12 hinter Sandra Krege. Erste wurde sie 2001 mit 8 aus 9 bei den Mädchen U14 in Willingen vor Sandra Krege und Annett Hofmann. 2002 gewann sie ein zweites Mal die Deutsche Jugendmeisterschaft der Mädchen, und zwar in Winterberg bei der U16 mit 7 aus 9 vor Helene Romakin und Elvira Mass. 2003 war es dann in Willingen ein dritter Platz in der U18w hinter Olga Vaideslaver und Sonja Häcker.

2004 spielte sie bei der Jugendeuropameisterschaft U18 weiblich in Ürgüp und holte 5 aus 9, Salome Melia gewann die Meisterschaft. 2005 erreichte sie bei der Jugendeuropameisterschaft U18 weiblich in Herceg Novi ebenfalls 5 aus 9, als Salome Melia nochmals Erste wurde. Bei der Juniorinnen-Weltmeisterschaft 2006 in Jerewan, die Shen Yang gewann, erzielte Maria Schöne 50 Prozent.

Open und Frauenturnier (Auswahl)
Als Mädchen holte sie 2001 beim Open in Leutersdorf 5 Punkte aus 9 Partien. Mathias Womacka gewann das Open.
Es folgten 2002 die Offene Internationale Bayerische Meisterschaft 2002 in Bad Wiessee (5 aus 9), 2003 das Schachfestival ZMD-Open in Dresden (4½ aus 9), 2004 das FAIR-Open in Jena (5 aus 9) und das ZMD-Open 2005 in Dresden (5½ aus 9).

Beim Radebeuler Open 2006 belegte sie mit einer DWZ-Leistung von 2488 sensationell den ersten Platz. Dabei besiegte sie auch ihren Trainer Zigurds Lanka, der am Ende Zweiter wurde. Bei der Frauen-Europameisterschaft 2007 in Dresden erspielte sie mit 5½ aus 11 ihre erste Großmeisternorm der Frauen. Tatjana Kossinzewa gewann diese Europameisterschaft. Beim Gibraltar Masters 2010 erreichte sie 50 Prozent. 2012 beim 18. Radebeuler Schach-Open holte sie 5½ aus 7.

Nationalmannschaft
Maria Schöne spielte bei der Schacholympiade 2008 in Dresden am zweiten Brett der zweiten Frauenmannschaft Deutschlands. Außerdem nahm sie an der Mannschaftsweltmeisterschaft der Frauen 2007, der Mannschaftseuropameisterschaft der Frauen 2009 und dem Mitropacup der Frauen 2008 teil, bei dem sie mit der Mannschaft den zweiten Platz erreichte.

Vereine
Als Jugendliche spielte Maria Schöne zunächst für den SV Fortschritt Großharthau, später für den SC 1911 Großröhrsdorf. 2008 wechselte sie zum Oberligaverein Aufbau Elbe Magdeburg. In der Saison 2009/10 spielte Maria Schöne für den Erfurter SK in der 1. Bundesliga und erreichte 2 Punkte aus 15 Partien. Ihre Gewinnpartie gegen Vlastimil Babula wurde zur Partie der Saison gewählt. Seit 2010 spielt sie erneut für Aufbau Elbe Magdeburg.
In der Frauenbundesliga spielte sie von 2001 bis 2009 als Gastspielerin für den Dresdner SC (ab 2006 USV TU Dresden), mit dem sie 2002 und 2006 die Meisterschaft gewann, seit 2009 ist sie Gastspielerin beim SC Bad Königshofen, mit dem sie 2014, 2019 und 2021 den Titel gewann sowie 2014 am European Club Cup der Frauen teilnahm. In der britischen Four Nations Chess League spielte Schöne in der Saison 2016/17 für die Celtic Tigers.

Sonstiges

Im März 2009 wurde Schöne zur Internationalen Meisterin der Frauen (WIM) ernannt, die erforderlichen Normen erfüllte sie in Dresden, und zwar bei der Einzel-Europameisterschaft der Frauen 2007 und bei der Schacholympiade der Frauen 2008.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 DWZ-Karteikarte von Maria Schöne auf Schachbund

 Maria Schöne, Porträt beim Deutschen Schachbund

Sportler (Dresden)
Schachspieler (Deutschland)
Schachspieler (SC Bad Königshofen)
Schachspieler (USV TU Dresden)
Schachspieler (Dresdner SC)
Schachspieler (Erfurter SK)
Schachspieler (Celtic Tigers)
Schachspieler
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher
Geboren 1987
Frau

Maria Schöne


جسر على نهر كواي  فيلم سينمائي بريطاني من إخراج دافيد لين وإنتاج سام سبيغل عام 1957 استنادا إلى رواية كتبها بيير بول تحمل نفس العنوان. وكتب السيناريو والحوار كارل فورمان ومايكل ويلسون. وقام بالأدوار الرئيسية أليك غينيس وسيزو هاياكاوا ووليم هولدن وجاك هوكنز وجيفري هورن.

تدور أحداث الفيلم أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية في معسكر ياباني للأسرى من الجيش البريطاني في جنوب تايلاند حيث يجبر الأسرى على بناء جسر خشبي على نهر كواي لينقل قطارات الجيش الياباني عبره خلال الحرب. ولكنهم بالرغم من عملية التصميم والبناء المتينة إلا أنهم خططوا لتفجيره كونه يخدم أعداءهم اليابانيين.

مراجع

أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية عن الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفلام أمريكية في عقد 1950
أفلام الأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي السينمائي
أفلام إنتاج 1957
أفلام إنتاج كولومبيا بيكتشرز
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1950
أفلام بريطانية
أفلام بريطانية عن الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفلام بريطانية في عقد 1950
أفلام تقع أحداثها في الأدغال
أفلام تقع أحداثها في تايلاند
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1940
أفلام حائزة على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل فيلم
أفلام حائزة على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل مخرج
أفلام حائزة على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ممثل
أفلام حائزة على جائزة غولدن غلوب لأفضل فيلم دراما
أفلام حاز كاتبها على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل سيناريو مقتبس
أفلام حاز مصوروها السينمائيون على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل تصوير سينمائي
أفلام حرب المحيط الهادي
أفلام حربية 1957
أفلام حربية درامية في عقد 1950
أفلام حروب
جسر على نهر كواي
أفلام دراما إنتاج عقد 1950
أفلام دراما حربية أمريكية
أفلام دراما حربية بريطانية
أفلام درامية 1957
أفلام ذات إنتاج ضخم
أفلام سجلها مالكولم أرنولد
أفلام عن أحداث فعلية في الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفلام عن الجيش البريطاني
أفلام عن النقل بالسكك الحديدية
أفلام عن جسور
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي كارل فورمان
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي مايكل ويلسون
أفلام مبنية على روايات عسكرية
أفلام مبنية على روايات فرنسية
أفلام مصورة في سري لانكا
أفلام مغامرات درامية أمريكية
أفلام مغامرة بريطانية
أفلام ملحمية أمريكية
أفلام ملحمية بريطانية
أفلام ملحمية حربية
أفلام من إنتاج سام شبيغل
أفلام مناهضة للحرب عن الحرب العالمية الثانية
اليابان في الثقافة غير اليابانية

جسر على نهر كواي (فيلم)


State Farm Insurance es una empresa estadounidense de seguros. Tiene su sede en Bloomington, Illinois. State Farm es la empresa de seguros de automóviles más grande de los Estados Unidos.

Notas

Enlaces externos
 State Farm Insurance
 State Farm Insurance (en inglés)
 State Farm Canadá (en inglés)

Empresas fundadas en 1922
Empresas de Illinois
Aseguradoras de los Estados Unidos

State Farm Insurance


An Lymania smithii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert William Read. An Lymania smithii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lymania, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Lymania

Lymania smithii


بالاتون (Balaton) هي بحيرة عذبة المياه في غرب المجر. وهي أكبر بحيرة في وسط أوروبا وأحد مقاصد السياح. يبلغ طول البحيرة 79 كم بعض متوسط قدره 7,8 كم. المساحة الإجمالية تبلغ 594 كم^2 وهو بهذا أكبر من بحيرة جنيف ب 14 كم^2.
ينكمش عرض البحيرة خلال شبه جزيرة تينهاي في الثلث الثاني للتمدد الشرقي-الغربي إلى 1,3 كم. متوسط العمق يبلغ 3,25 م والعمق الأقصى يبلغ 12,5 م. هذا العمق القليل يسهل انتشار الحرارة وتصل درجات حرارة الماء في البحيرة صيفا إلى أكثر من 30 درجة مئوية.

أعلام

 جنسريق

المصادر

بحيرات المجر
مناطق المجر التاريخية

بالاتون


Hintçe (हिन्दी, Hindī), ağırlıklı olarak Hindistan'ın kuzey, merkez ve batısında konuşulan Hint-Avrupa dil ailesine mensup bir Hint-Aryan dilidir. Pakistan'ın resmî dili olan Urduca ile beraber Hindustânî dilinin iki standart yazılı formundan birini oluşturur. İngilizce ile birlikte Hindistan'ın iki resmî dilinden biridir. Hindistan'da Devanāgarī yazı sistemi; Pakistan'da ise Arap alfabesi kullanılmaktadır.

Hindistan'da ve Güney Asya'da birçok eyalette başka diller kullanılmakta olsa da Hindistan'ın özellikle kuzeyinde Hindustani çoğunlukla lingua franca olarak kullanılır. Hindistan, bağımsızlığından itibaren tüm ülkede bu dili yaygınlaştırmaya çalışmış olmakla birlikte bu dili anadil olarak kullanmayan yerel halklar bu politikalara karşı koymuştur. Bu, başlangıçta Hintçeyi tek resmî dil yapmayı planlamış hükûmetin İngilizceyi de bu statüye çıkarmasına sebep olmuştur.

Hindistan dışında Hintçe daha çok Bollywood ve film müzikleri ile tanınmıştır.

Sınıflandırma
Hintçe, Urduca ile birlikte Hindustani dilinin iki ayrı standart yazı değişkesinden biridir. Dil, Hint-Aryan dillerinin Hint dilleri olarak da bilinen merkez koluna mensuptur. Bu dil grubu Hint-İran, daha geniş kapsamda ise Hint-Avrupa dil ailesine bağlıdır.

Tarihçe
Hintçe (ve Hindustani), kökenleri Vedik Sanskrit dilinin erken bir formuna dayanan Prakrit dilinden evrilmiştir. Hint dillerinin Delhi'de konuşulan lehçeyi baz alarak standartlaştırılmasından önce, pek çok Hint lehçesi ve dili yazı ve edebiyat dili olarak kullanılmıştır. 12. ve 13 yüzyıllarda, Braj Bhasha, Marvari ve Avadhi dillerinde yazılmış eserler, Hint dilleri edebiyatının erken dönemlerini oluşturmaktadır.

Modern standart Hintçe, Braj, Avadhi ve Maithili gibi diyalektler yerine Delhi'de konuşulan lehçeyi baz almıştır. Babürlü hakimiyetinin son yıllarında ise Urdu dili prestij dili haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Modern Hintçenin edebi kullanımı 18. yüzyılın sonlarında meydana gelmiştir.

19. yüzyılın sonlarında, Urducadan ayrı olarak Hintçeyi geliştirmek için bir hareket oluştu. 1881'de Bihar, Hintçeyi Urducanın yerini alan tek resmi dili olarak kabul etti ve böylece Hintçeyi benimseyen ilk Hindistan devleti oldu. 1949 yılında Devanagari yazı sistemiyle yazılan Hintçe, Hindistan'ın resmi dili olarak kabul edildi.

Konuşanların sayısı

SIL International verilerine göre 1991 yılında 180 milyon kişi anadili olarak Hintçe konuşuyordu, 120 milyon kişi ise ikinci dil olarak Hintçe konuşuyordu. 1991'den 2008'e Hindistan nüfusu %35 artığına göre, bugün 240 milyon kişinin Hintçeyi anadili olarak konuştuğu tahmin edilmektedir. İkinci dil olarak konuşanların sayısı ise okur-yazarlık oranındaki artışa bağlı olarak %35'ten çok daha fazladır.

Örnekler

Ayrıca bakınız
Hindustânî

Kaynakça

Hintçe


Terekeme folklor oyunu, 1 bayan ve 1 erkek tarafından oynanan, bayanların zarafetinin erkeklerin ise cesur duruşlarının ağır bir hava ile gösterildiği oyundur.Benzer oyun ve oyunda giyilen kıyafetler, Kafkasyanın Türk olsun ya da olmasın tüm etnik unsurlarında görülmektedir.

Adını Türk boyu olan Terekemelerden almaktadır.Terekemeler hemen hemen tüm düğünlerinde ve sosyal buluşmalarında oynarlar. TC Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığının "Türk Halk Oyunları Kataloğu"nda şu bilgi ve yorumla yer bulmaktadır;

Kars ve yöresinde kadın ve erkeğin birlikte yürüttüğü iki kişilik oyundur.Ayrı havası vardır. Musikîsi, Bayburt bar havalarından sayılır.Terekeme, tarihi yüzyılların derinliğiyle bilinen Türk boylarından biri olup, Türk adı kelimenin yapısında vardır.Terekeme oymağı, şimdi Kars ve havalisinde yerleşiktir.Oralarda Terekeme oyununun tek kişiyle oynandığı da oluyor.

Azerbaycan'da en çok sevilen Kafkas halk oyunudur.

Posta pulu

Kaynakça

Halk dansları
Halk oyunları

Terekeme (halk oyunu)


Pendro (în kurdă: Pêndro, پێندرۆ) este un sat kurd în Kurdistanul Irakian, situat în provincia Arbil, aproape de granița cu Turcia. Se află la aproximativ 15-18 km la nord de Barzan și are o populație de peste 2540 de persoane.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Site-ul Pendro
 Provincia Arbil

Kurdistan
Irak

Pendro


Eric Peterson (* 14. Mai 1964 in Alameda, Kalifornien) ist ein US-amerikanischer Gitarrist. Bekannt wurde er durch seine Aktivität als einer der Hauptsongwriter und einziges konstantes Mitglied der Thrash-Metal-Band Testament. Zudem gründete er 2001 seine Black-Metal-Band Dragonlord. Hier übernahm er neben der Gitarre auch den Gesang.

Werdegang
Peterson wurde in Alameda geboren, wuchs aber in Lafayette auf. Die Eltern seines Vaters waren Einwanderer aus Schweden, seine Mutter Mexikanerin, die von Apache-Indianern abstammte. Seine Einflüsse waren Bands wie Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin und Creedence Clearwater Revival, später die Scorpions, Iron Maiden, Angel Witch und Judas Priest. In der 1983 gegründeten Band Testament, die zunächst als Legacy bekannt waren, war Peterson ursprünglich nur Rhythmus-Gitarrist, wohingegen Alex Skolnick die Leadgitarre übernahm. Dennoch war Peterson ständig einer der wichtigsten Songschreiber der Band, insbesondere nach Skolnicks Ausstieg. Inzwischen übernimmt Peterson auch viele Lead-Parts, z. B. auf The Formation of Damnation.

2001 gründete Peterson u. a. mit Steve DiGiorgio (Testament) Dragonlord und veröffentlichte zwei Alben mit der Band. 2005 spielte Peterson auch auf dem Album Vermin der Band Old Man's Child.

Diskografie

Mit Legacy
 Demo 1 (1984)
 Demo 2 (1985)

Mit Testament
 siehe Abschnitt "Diskografie" im Artikel Testament

Mit Dragonlord
Rapture (2001)
Black Wings of Destiny (2005)

Als Gastmusiker
Old Man's Child – Vermin (2005)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Testament (Band)
Metal-Gitarrist
Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1964
Mann

Eric Peterson


La Moldavie a déposé sa candidature d'adhésion à l'Union européenne le , le même jour que la Géorgie et trois jours après l'Ukraine. Cette candidature a été annoncée par Maia Sandu, la présidente du pays. Le , le statut de candidat à l'adhésion est accordé par l'UE.

Historique

Contexte
Dans le contexte de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, les États membres du Trio Associé ont évoqué leur réflexion sur une candidature d'adhésion à l'Union européenne. Après la demande du président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky de rejoindre l'UE le , la Géorgie et la Moldavie ont officiellement déposé leurs candidatures le .

Le , la Commission européenne recommande d'accorder à la Moldavie le statut de candidat à l'UE, a annoncé la présidente de l'exécutif européen, Ursula von der Leyen, lors d'une conférence de presse. Cet avis sera discuté lors du sommet européen des 23 et 24 juin et les dirigeants des 27 pays de l'UE devront donner leur feu vert à l'unanimité.

Le , les Vingt-sept pays de l'UE accordent à l'unanimité le statut de candidat à la Moldavie et à l'Ukraine par la même occasion. Charles Michel, le président du Conseil européen, évoque un  alors que Ursula von der Leyen annonce que .

Le , la Russie, qui ne cesse d'accuser la Moldavie de persécuter les russophones, réagit en abrogeant son décret de 2012 exprimant la volonté du Kremlin de  : cette abrogation peut permettre à la Russie de reconnaître officiellement la sécession transnistrienne, comme elle l'a déjà fait en 2008 avec l'Abkhazie ou l'Ossétie du Sud en Géorgie.

États des négociations
Le , le Parlement européen approuve une résolution appelant au lancement des négociations d'adhésion entre la Moldavie et l'Union européenne d'ici la fin de l'année.

Acquis communautaire

Relation entre l'Union européenne et la Moldavie

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Articles connexes
 Politique étrangère de la Moldavie
 Relations entre la Moldavie et l'Union européenne
 Union européenne
 Invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022

Moldavie
Relations entre la Moldavie et l'Union européenne
2022 dans l'Union européenne
2022 en Moldavie

Procédure d'adhésion de la Moldavie à l'Union européenne


Besøg på en chokoladefabrik er en dokumentarfilm fra 1952 instrueret af Theodor Christensen efter eget manuskript.

Handling
En klasse skolebørn skal skrive fristil om deres besøg på en chokoladefabrik, hvor de har set de forskellige trin af produktionen. Chokolade laves af kakaobønner. Disse kommer fra Afrika og Sydamerika. På en kakaoplantage ved Dakar plukkes og åbnes de modne frugter. De tørrede kakaobønner sejles i brændingsbåde ud til damperne, hvor de bliver lastet. Når bønnerne kommer til fabrikken, skal de først ristes. På laboratoriet prøveristes en lille pose bønner, og her kan børnene bedre se, hvordan det foregår. De ristede bønner renses for skaller og males på store maskiner til en flydende masse. Kakaoen blandes med sukker og eventuelt tørmælk, og til sidst hælder man kakaosmør i massen. Den færdige chokolademasse opbevares i store cylinderformede beholdere til den skal bruges. En stor maskine fremstiller pladechokolade. En anden stor maskine laver skildpadder. Fabrikken kan producere 400.000 om dagen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1952

Besøg på en chokoladefabrik


7298 Matudaira-gou este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7298 Matudaira-gou este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Toyota de Kenzo Suzuki și Takeshi Urata. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,53 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 8,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

7298 Matudaira-gou


Niagara University (NU) is a private Catholic university in the Vincentian tradition in Lewiston in Niagara County, New York. It is run by the Congregation of the Mission and has 3,300 undergraduate students in 50 academic programs. Approximately half of the students are residents while the other half commute from the surrounding area. The campus area was listed as a census-designated place in 2020 with a population of 940.

History
Founded by the Congregation of the Mission on 21 November 1856 as Our Lady of Angels Seminary, the school moved from Buffalo to its current location on May 1, 1857. After 26 years on its new campus, The college and Seminary of Our Lady of Angels. It officially changed its name to Niagara University on August 7, 1883. In 1887, the university opened a Law school in Buffalo, what is now the University at Buffalo Law School after being acquired by the University at Buffalo in 1891.

The university is still run by the Vincentian Fathers. All of Niagara's 26 presidents, including its current president, Rev. James J. Maher, C.M., have been Vincentian priests.

Rankings
In 2017, Niagara University was ranked 44th by U.S. News & World Report in the "Regional Universities North" category and tied for 25th under best colleges for veterans. The magazine also ranked Niagara University ninth as the best value schools in the same category. Taking into account educational quality, affordability, and alumni success, Money Magazine ranked Niagara University as the best college or university in the Buffalo-Niagara region in 2017 when it comes to delivering the most value for a student's educational dollar. Kiplinger's Personal Finance ranked Niagara University 82nd in the magazine's list of the 100 best values among private universities.

Academics
Undergraduate students are able to choose an area of study in any of Niagara's five academic colleges. In addition to the College of Arts and Sciences, Holzschuh College of Business Administration, College of Education, College of Nursing, and the College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Niagara's Academic Exploration Program allows first and second year students take courses in various departments before deciding on a major.

The university also offers academic programs in Canada which operate under the written consent of the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities of Ontario. The Niagara University in Ontario, located at Expo City in Vaughan, offers a bachelor's degree in Professional Studies in Education program (accredited by the Ontario College of Teachers) and the Master of Science degree in education.  In 2019, Niagara University expanded their degree offerings with a Master of Business Administration (MBA), a Master of Science in finance (MSF), and a Master of Science in Information and Security and Digital Forensics (MSISDF). The two Masters programs are now being jointly offered with Seneca Polytechnic. The university also offers Ontario-based Additional Qualifications for the teacher profession.

College of Arts and Sciences
The College of Arts and Sciences forms the foundation of the Niagara University's curriculum and serves as the basis for its designation as a liberal arts college. All Niagara students complete a portion of their coursework in the College of Arts and Sciences, as numerous general education courses are housed within this unit.

In 2008, Niagara University announced that a $10 million gift, the largest gift in the university's history, had been made to the College of Arts and Sciences by B. Thomas Golisano, the CEO of Paychex and the former owner of the Buffalo Sabres. The gift funded the construction of the B. Thomas Golisano Center for Integrated Sciences. The school broke ground on the center during the 2011–2012 school year and the  facility opened in August 2013.

Holzschuh College of Business Administration
The business college includes programs in accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing. The College of Business is accredited by AACSB International and has maintained accreditation since 2001. The university renamed the college of business to the Holzschuh College of Business Administration in 2022.

Residence life

Niagara University features five traditional residence halls, as well as six community houses called the Varsity Village and on-campus student apartments. Traditional buildings include Clet, Lynch, O'Donoughue, O'Shea, and Seton Halls.

Campus activities

The Campus Activities Office, along with the Niagara University Student Government Association, sponsors numerous opportunities to get involved in campus life, including concerts, comedians, and weekly late-night events. Currently Tau Kappa Epsilon is the only fraternity active on Niagara University's campus. There are also two active national sororities, Alpha Sigma Alpha and Phi Sigma Sigma.  In addition to these, there are many clubs which celebrate and support cultural diversity, under the auspices of the Office of Multicultural Affairs.

Castellani Art Museum
The Castellani Art Museum of Niagara University is centrally located on the main campus and is Niagara County's only collecting museum. The museum features exhibitions of contemporary artists and traditional folk arts.  The museum owns a permanent collection of over 5,700 art works, most of which are from the 19th-century, modern and contemporary art movements.

The Niagara University Fine Arts Program has studio and classroom space in the Museum for students. Docent and volunteer programs are offered to any interested member of the community. The bachelor's degree in Art History with Museum Studies has been offered since the fall of 2013, and is now one of the very few places in the country that offer Museum Studies at an undergraduate level.

Athletics

The Niagara University Athletics Department sponsors 18 Division I sports. The Purple Eagles compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) in all sports except ice hockey. The men's ice hockey team competes in Atlantic Hockey. Niagara named Simon Gray as its athletics director on May 16, 2014.

The men's basketball team won the MAAC Championship in 2005 and in 2007, earning automatic bids to the 2005 and 2007's NCAA tournaments, known colloquially as the "Big Dance". Niagara's first appearance in the Dance came in 1970, when All-American Calvin Murphy led the Purple Eagles to the Sweet Sixteen. On March 13, 2007, Niagara defeated Florida A&M 77–69 in the so-called "play-in game". NU was crowned the 2012-2013 MAAC regular season champions. This title earned them an automatic bid into the NIT where they faced the University of Maryland in the first round.

The men's hockey team won the College Hockey America Championship in 2000, 2004 and 2008, appearing in the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship those years. In 2000, the "Purps" pulled an upset against University of New Hampshire to advance to the Elite Eight.

Two years later, the women's hockey team, under head coach Margot Page, shocked the college hockey world by advancing to the Frozen Four, eventually tying the University of Minnesota in the third-place game.

Five other Niagara teams have advanced to the NCAA Tournament in their respective sports: softball (1998); women's soccer (2006); women's tennis (2003 & 2005); Men's soccer (2012);  women's volleyball (2009, 2010 & 2011).

Clubs
During the 2019-2020 School Year, NU teams competed in Men's Baseball, Basketball, Ice Hockey, Lacrosse, Rugby, Soccer and Volleyball at the club level. Women teams competed in Basketball, Lacrosse, Rugby, Soccer, Softball, and Volleyball while Co-Ed teams competed in E-Sports, Field Hockey and Golf. Badminton, Roller Hockey, Running, and Tennis clubs have also been active on campus in prior years.

Intramurals
The Athletics Department also operates the Kiernan Center – Niagara's on-campus fitness facility – and sponsors a comprehensive slate of intramural sports, including basketball, broomball, flag football, indoor soccer, softball, street hockey, and rugby union.

Notable alumni

Niagara has approximately 40,000 living alumni worldwide. Niagara alumni are distinguishing themselves in the fields of academics, government, law, religion, and sports

 In academia, Niagara alumni include: Teresa J. Domzal, former Dean of the George Mason University School of Management; Dennis Holtschneider, President of DePaul University; David M. O'Connell, Bishop of the Diocese of Trenton, NJ; and David Sylvester, President of the University of St. Michael's College
 In the field of government, Niagara alumni include: William J. Donovan, Former Ambassador to Thailand and Father of Military Intelligence; Alfred F. Beiter, former U.S. Representative from New York; Thomas F. Burchill, former U.S. Representative from New York; Joseph L. Carrigg, former U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania; Leo W. O'Brien, former U.S. Representative from New York; Gilbert Parent, former Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada; and Dan Schaefer, U.S. Representative from Colorado; John Katko, U.S. Representative for the 24th District of New York
 In the field of law, Niagara alumni include: Frank D. O'Connor, former Judge on the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division; Hugh B. Scott, Magistrate Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York and the first African American to become an Assistant United States Attorney; Frederick J. Scullin, Senior Judge on the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York; before becoming a U.S. Representative, John Katko was an Assistant United States Attorney who led the organized crime division at the U.S. Attorney's Office in Syracuse
 In the field of religion, Niagara alumni include: Venerable Nelson Baker, Founder of the "City of Charity" and candidate for canonization; Michael J. McGivney, Founder of the Knights of Columbus; Anthony Raymond Ceresko, Old Testament scholar; and several American prelates of the Roman Catholic Church including Octavio Cisneros, Edmund Michael Dunne, Joseph Lennox Federal, Edmund Gibbons, Thomas Francis Lillis, James Johnston Navagh, and Donald Walter Trautman.
 In the field of sports, Niagara alumni include: Hubie Brown, two-time NBA Coach of the Year and Basketball Hall of Fame member; Larry Costello, six-time NBA All-Star and NBA coach; Frank Layden, NBA Coach of the Year and Executive of the Year; Calvin Murphy, three-time All-American, NBA All-Star and Basketball Hall of Fame member; Sal Maglie, two-time MLB National League All-Star; Joe McCarthy, seven-time MLB World Series Champion and National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum member; Matt Brash, starting pitcher for the Seattle Mariners; and Wynton Bernard, outfielder for the Colorado Rockies.
 Other notable Niagara alumni include: Bill Press, host of nationally syndicated radio talk show and former co-host of CNN's Crossfire; John O'Hara, best-selling novelist and National Book Award winner; Michael Scheuer, former CIA Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station and author of Imperial Hubris; and Robert Wegman, founder of Wegmans Food Markets.

References

External links

 Niagara Athletics website

Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Universities and colleges established in 1856
Education in Niagara County, New York
Catholic universities and colleges in New York (state)
1856 establishments in New York (state)
Universities in Ontario

Niagara University


Procreación consciente, procreación responsable o procreación limitada es un término demográfico, utilizado inicialmente por el neomalthusianismo de finales del  y principios del , para referirse a la toma de conciencia social e individual en relación con el control de la procreación de los hijos, su cuidado y educación. La procreación consciente implicaría tanto el control de la natalidad, mediante el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, como el ejercicio de una paternidad y maternidad libre responsable por parte de los progenitores dirigida a la alimentación, la higiene y la educación.

Procreación consciente y demografía
El concepto de procreación consciente que acuñó el neomalthusianismo supone una de las primeras reflexiones demográficas sobre las consecuencias de la procreación natural o procreación ilimitada y sin control en un contexto de escasos recursos -escasez de trabajo, bajos salarios, encarecimiento de los alimentos-, apostando por la restricción de la natalidad de las clases pobres y obreras de manera consciente como necesidad para la mejora social.

La procreación consciente, alentada desde el neomalthusianismo, pretendía reducir la reproducción ilimitada y el consiguiente exceso de familias numerosas que condenaba a la miseria a las numerosos clases pobres que habían surgido con la revolución industrial. La procreación consciente implicaba una separación entre la sexualidad y reproducción -o entre la sexualidad erótica y la sexualidad reproductiva-, así como la defensa de la  maternidad libre, la liberación femenina, la libertad sexual, la promoción de la planificación familiar, el cuidado de los niños así como el uso y difusión de métodos anticonceptivos artificiales.

Separación de sexualidad y procreación
La existencia de familias pobres muy numerosas (pertenecientes a las clases bajas y al proletariodo) suponía, para los anrquistas y socialistas neomalthusianos, la perpetuación de la miseria. Ese ejército de pobres, sin educación ni cuidados, solo serviría como carne de cañón para las guerras y  carne de explotación para las fábricas además de incrementar el número de delincuentes para llenar las cárceles y de enfermos y locos para saturar los hospitales y manicomios, además de ser, para los neomalthusianos, el caldo donde se nutre la prostitución. Desde esas posiciones se alentaba la procreación responsable o consciente y desde posiciones más radicales se hacía un llamamiento a la huelga de vientres.

Desde las mismas filas del anarquismo y el socialismo surgió con fuerza la idea de emancipación de la mujer que implicaba la asunción de igualdad de derechos y sobre todo, la reivindicación de su igualdad ante el marido y por tanto en la relación matrimonial, en la sexualidad y por supuesto en la maternidad, desde la que se exigía el derecho a una procreación elegida sin la presión social ni familiar del cabeza de familia. Fueron un conjunto de reivindicaciones que demandaban un importante cambio en los comportamientos sociales y la normativa legal.

Utilización de métodos anticonceptivos

El objetivo de la procreación consciente pasaba por la toma de conciencia de la necesidad de limitar la procreación y por el acceso métodos anticonceptivos que permitieran un efectivo control de la natalidad .

Bibliografía
Artículos
 2002 -  Eduard Masjuan Bracons, Procreación consciente y discurso ambientalista: anarquismo y neomalthusianismo en España e Italia) 1900-1936, Revista Ayer, n.º 46, 2002, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
 2008 - Eduard Masjuan Bracons, El neomalthusianismo ibérico e italiano: un precedente de la ecología huamna contemporánea,  HAOL, Núm. 15 (Invierno, 2008), 69-87

Libros
 1854 - George R. Drysdale,  Elementos de Ciencia Social, (Elements of Social Science), Londres, Editorial Truelove, 1854.
 1907 - Fernand Colney (1968-1930), La grève des ventres. (editado por Génération consciente, Paris en 1908; reeditado en 1910)
 1906 - Luis Bulffi de Quintana, ¡Huelga de vientres! Medios prácticos para evitar las familias numerosas, Biblioteca Editorial Salud y Fuerza, Barcelona, 32 págs.
 1908 - J. Rutgers Las guerras y la densidad de población. Barcelona, Biblioteca editorial Salud y Fuerza.
 1909 - Fernand Colney (1968-1930), Le Crime d'engendrer, Lib. du Malthusien, París, 1909, 31 págs.
 1980 - Ronsin Francis, La grève des ventres; propagande malthusienne et baisse de la natalité en France, XIXe-XXe siècles, Reedición París, Aubier, 1980, 256 p. ISBN 2700701771
 2000 - Eduard Masjuan Bracons, La ecología humana en el anarquismo ibérico: urbanismo "orgánico" o ecológico, neomalthusianismo, y naturismo social , Icaria, Antrazyt, ISBN 84-86864-42-9

Referencias

Véase también
 Neomalthusianismo
 Huelga de vientres
 Luis Bulffi
 Métodos anticonceptivos
 Historia de la anticoncepción
 Transición demográfica
 Revolución reproductiva
 Maternidad libre

Enlaces externos
 Procreación consciente y discurso ambientalista: anarquismo y neomalthusianismo en España e Italia, 1900-1936. Eduard Masjuan. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Ayer, n.º 46, 2002 pág. 63-92
 Pablo Robin 1837-1912, en filosofia.org
 Anarquismo y sexualidad
 Malthusianismo, Neomalthusianismo, en filosofía.org
 Eduard Masjuan Bracons, El neomalthusianismo ibérico e italiano: un precedente de la ecología humana contemporánea,  HAOL, Núm. 15 (Invierno, 2008), 69-87

Control demográfico
Términos de geografía

Procreación consciente


L'attaque d'un bus de Volnovakha est une attaque contre un poste de contrôle routier près du village de Buhas à l'extérieur de la municipalité de Volnovakha dans l'oblast de Donetsk, en Ukraine, le 13 janvier 2015. Elle entraine la mort de 12 passagers d'un autobus interurbain et blesse 18 autres personnes dans la région. L'attaque est la plus meurtrière depuis la signature du protocole de Minsk en septembre 2014, qui tentait d'arrêter la guerre dans le Donbass. L'incident est qualifié d' tant par les autorités ukrainiennes que par les rebelles.

Au départ, les séparatistes ont assumé la responsabilité de cet incident, qu'ils pensent être une destruction réussie du barrage routier ukrainien. Après que l'information sur le bus civil ait fait la une des journaux, ils ont nié avoir  de bombarder cette zone. La mission spéciale d'observation de l'OSCE inspectant le lieu de l'incident a évalué à partir de son étude de cinq cratères qu'ils avaient été causés par .

Le point de contrôle nommé « Buhas » est situé sur l'autoroute H20 à l'intersection avec une autre route permettant l'accès à la ville de Volnovakha.

Événements

Le 13 janvier, un bus transporte des civils se déplaçant vers le nord vers Donetsk depuis le village de Zlatoustivka (Zlatoustovka) et passant devant la petite ville de Volnovakha sur la route Donetsk-Mariupol (autoroute H20). À l'approche de la zone contrôlée par la république populaire de Donetsk, le bus s'est arrêté au point de contrôle, pour le contrôle des passeports. Peu de temps après, le point de contrôle est pris pour cible, avec plusieurs roquettes atterrissant à côté de la file de véhicules, certaines tombant sur le bus. Des éclats d'obus ont déchiré et complètement détruit le bus, tuant et blessant plusieurs passagers. Dix personnes ont péri sur place, tandis que deux autres sont mortes peu après avoir été amenées à l'hôpital de Volnovakha.

Le gouvernement ukrainien indique que des militants pro-russes ont tenté de bombarder des positions près du poste de contrôle de Buhas, qui se trouve à 35 kilomètres de la ville de Donetsk. Le bureau du procureur de Donetsk a rapporté que des militants avaient tiré plus de 40 obus sur l'autoroute alors qu'ils savaient qu'elle n'était utilisée que par des civils. Un responsable du ministère de l'Intérieur de Donetsk a déclaré: .

Selon le chef du centre de commandement principal des Forces armées de l'Ukraine Bohdan Bondar, l'attaque est lancée depuis le centre de Dokoutchaïevsk (ville entourée par le raïon de Volnovakha), qui se trouve à moins de 35 kilomètres, et est considéré comme une provocation. Malgré cela, les forces ukrainiennes n'ont pas riposté.

La république populaire de Donetsk nie toute implication et déclare que l'attaque a pu être organisée par l'armée ukrainienne. Andreï Pourguine, un politicien du parti de la république de Donetsk, déclare : . Denis Pouchiline, un autre dirigeant de la RPD déclare que l'artillerie rebelle la plus proche était à 50 kilomètres de distance, trop loin pour atteindre le site de l'attaque. Au même moment, le média pro-russe  a publié une vidéo d'un chef militant se vantant d'une attaque réussie contre Hranitne depuis Telmanove. L'attaque contre Hranitne a entraîné la mort d'un enfant de 2 ans.

Rapport de l'OSCE

Un rapport de l'OSCE confirme qu'une roquette Grad, venue du nord-nord-est, a frappé le bus et déclare que les forces de la RPD, les forces armées russes et les forces armées ukrainiennes mèneraient une enquête conjointe sur l'incident. Le président ukrainien Petro Porochenko impute l'attaque aux insurgés séparatistes et décrète une journée de deuil national.

Plainte devant la CIJ
Le 17 janvier 2017, le ministère ukrainien des Affaires étrangères dépose une plainte auprès de la Cour internationale de justice, accusant la fédération de Russie d' contre l'Ukraine. L'attaque contre Volnovakha est citée par l'Ukraine comme un exemple de soutien de la Russie à des groupes armés illégaux engagés dans des activités terroristes.

Voir aussi
 Victimes de la crise ukrainienne

Références

Liens externes
 Guerre d'Ukraine ~ Une autre vidéo de l'attaque du bus de Volnovakha.
 Dernières nouvelles de la Mission spéciale d'observation (SMM) de l'OSCE en Ukraine sur la base d'informations reçues à 18h00 (heure de Kiev), le 16 janvier 2015.

Guerre du Donbass
Volnovakha
Crime de guerre russe en Ukraine
Victime de guerre ukrainienne
Explosion en 2015
13 janvier
Janvier 2015
2015 en Ukraine
Oblast de Donetsk

Attaque d'un bus à Volnovakha


was a town located in Hita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,295 and the density of 61.82 persons per km2. The total area was 101.83 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Amagase, along with the town of Ōyama, and the villages of Kamitsue, Maetsue and Nakatsue (all from Hita District), was merged into the expanded city of Hita.

Dissolved municipalities of Ōita Prefecture

Amagase, Ōita


Nahija Haritan () je nahija u okrugu Jabal Sam'an, u sirijskoj pokrajini Alep. Površina nahije je 232,76 km2. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), nahija je imala 67.745 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Haritan.

Izvori

Sirijske nahije
Pokrajina Alep

Haritan (nahija)


මරී කොල්වින් (1957 – පෙබරවාරි 22, 2012) යනු ද සන්ඩේ ටයිම්ස් නම් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පුවත් පත වෙනුවෙන් දශක දෙකකට අධික කාලයක් සේවය කළ ඇමරිකානු පත්‍රකලාවේදිනියකි.

මරී කොල්වින්


غالاتيني (Γαλατινή) هي مدينة في كوزاني في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 2,029 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن اليونان
أماكن مأهولة في كوزاني (مقاطعة)

غالاتيني


Earl of Portarlington is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1785 for John Dawson, 2nd Viscount Carlow, who had earlier represented Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons. He was the son of William Dawson, 1st Viscount Carlow, who had represented Portarlington and Queen's County in the Irish House of Commons, and had been created Baron Dawson, of Dawson's Court in the Queen's County, in 1770, and Viscount Carlow, in the County of Carlow, in  1776. These titles were also in the Peerage of Ireland. The first Earl was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He was a Colonel in the 23rd Light Dragoons but disappeared the night before the Battle of Waterloo and thus missed the start of the battle. He then attached himself to the 18th Hussars, but after the battle was forced to resign his commission in disgrace, fell into dissipation and 'died in an obscure London slum'.

He never married and was succeeded by his nephew, the third Earl. He was the son of Captain the Hon. Henry Dawson, second son of the first Earl, who had assumed by Sign Manual the additional surname of Damer on inheriting the large Milton Abbey estate in Dorset from his aunt Lady Caroline Damer. Lord Portarlington sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1855 to 1889.

On his death the titles passed to his cousin, the fourth Earl. He was the son of Colonel the Hon. George Dawson-Damer, third son of the first Earl. Lord Portarlington represented Portarlington in the House of Commons as a Conservative. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Earl. He was an Irish Representative Peer from 1896 to 1900.  the titles are held by his great-grandson, the seventh Earl, who succeeded his grandfather in 1959. He is the son of George Lionel Seymour Dawson-Damer, Viscount Carlow, proprietor of the Corvinus Press, who was killed in action in 1944.

The family seat is Gledswood House, near Melrose, Roxburghshire. The former family seat was Emo Court, near Emo, County Laois.

Viscounts Carlow (1776)
William Henry Dawson, 1st Viscount Carlow (1712–1779)
John Dawson, 2nd Viscount Carlow (1744–1798) (created Earl of Portarlington in 1785)

Earls of Portarlington (1785)
John Dawson, 1st Earl of Portarlington (1744–1798)
John Dawson, 2nd Earl of Portarlington (1781–1845)
Henry John Reuben Dawson-Damer, 3rd Earl of Portarlington (1822–1889)
Lionel Seymour William Dawson-Damer, 4th Earl of Portarlington (1832–1892)
George Lionel Henry Seymour Dawson-Damer, 5th Earl of Portarlington (1858–1900)
Lionel Arthur Henry Seymour Dawson-Damer, 6th Earl of Portarlington (1883–1959)
George Lionel Yuill Seymour Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington (born 1938)

Present peer
George Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington (born 10 August 1938) is the elder son of Air Commodore George Lionel Seymour Dawson-Damer, Viscount Carlow, and his wife Peggy Cambie. He was educated at Eton College and was Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II between April 1953 and February 1955. In 1956 he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant into the Irish Guards. On 4 July 1959 he succeeded to the peerages. In 1965 he was a director of G. S. Yuill and Company in Sydney, Australia.

On 26 July 1961 he married Davinia Windley, a daughter of Sir Edward Henry Windley and Patience Ann Sergison-Brooke, and they had four children:
Charles George Yuill Seymour Dawson-Damer, Viscount Carlow (born 1965)
Edward Lionel Seymour Dawson-Damer (born 1967)
Lady Marina Dawson-Damer (born 1969)
Henry Lionel Seymour Dawson-Damer (born 1971)

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, whose heir apparent is his son Henry Dawson-Damer (born 2009).

See also
Earl of Dorchester

Notes

References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Earldoms in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1785

Dawson-Damer family

Earl of Portarlington


C. Daniel Barrett is an attorney, legal author, and North Carolina political figure.

Barrett unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for governor in the 2004 election. His gubernatorial campaign was noted for its grassroots efforts, including Barrett personally walking across the length of the state from Murphy in the mountains to Manteo on the Outer Banks. Prior to that campaign, he served as Chairman of the Davie County Board of Commissioners.

In the 2008 general election, he ran for the North Carolina Court of Appeals, but was defeated by incumbent Judge Linda Stephens. He stated that he had a "conservative judicial philosophy."
Dan Barrett's 2008 candidacy was endorsed by several leading North Carolina political figures, including former Governor James G. Martin and former Governor James Holshouser.

Barrett was again elected to the Davie County Commission in 2014. He was a candidate for the open 13th district US Congressional seat in 2016 but finished 8th out of 17 candidates in the June Primary.

In August 2017, Barrett was selected to fill the seat of Sen. Andrew Brock, who retired. He has since served as the State Senator from the 34th District representing Davie, Rowan, and Iredell counties.

As part of a long battle over redistricting, Barrett found himself in a different state Senate district, in which long-time Republican Sen. Joyce Krawiec also resided. Barrett ran against Krawiec in the 2018 primaries and narrowly lost, according to unofficial results.

Barrett is a graduate of Wake Forest University and Wake Forest University School of Law. Barrett is the author of a book on labor and employment law.

References

External links
 Dan Barrett's Campaign Web Site

Wake Forest University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Republican Party North Carolina state senators

Dan Barrett (politician)


El término Aleksándrovski  puede referirse a:

Personalidades

Borís Aleksándrovski (1891-1981), médico soviético ucraniano
Iván Aleksándrovski (1817-1894), pintor, fotógrafo, ingeniero e inventor ruso.
Mijaíl Aleksándrovski (1898-1937), agente del NKVD soviético ucraniano.
Serguéi Anatólievich Aleksándrovski (*1956), poeta y traductor soviético y ruso.
Serguéi Serguéyevich Aleksándrovski (1889-1945), diplomático soviético.
Stepán Aleksándrovski (1842-1906), pintor ruso.
Vasili Dmítrievich Aleksándrovski (1897-1934), poeta proletario soviético.
Vasili Stepánovich Aleksándrovski (1898-1972), militar soviético, Héroe de la Unión Soviética.

Localidades

Aleksándrovski (Séverskaya, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Séverskaya del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Aleksándrovski (Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Ust-Labinsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.

Aleksándrovski


نادي غينغان  نادي كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب في دوري الدرجة الأولى. تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1912 .

مراجع

أندية الدوري الفرنسي
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1912
أندية كرة قدم في بريتاني
أندية كرة قدم في فرنسا
الرياضة في كوت درمور
تأسيسات سنة 1912 في فرنسا

نادي غانغون


María Rosario Aguila (16 de septiembre de 1967, Ciudad Quezón), conocida artísticamente como Yayo Aguila es una actriz filipina que se hizo conocer en un film de Película de culto titulado "Bagets".

Carrera
Yayo Aguila comenzó su carrera en 1982. Su primera película fue la ruptura en Bagets de Película de culto, que fue un grupo de adolescentes mientras ella cursaba la secundaria, interpretando el personaje de Rose. A pesar de su éxito, que terminaría en una pausa después de casarse con el actor, William Martínez. Ella inició su regreso en la película de "Kay tagal Kang Hinintay" en 1998. Yayo Aguila posteriormente ha continuado en este proyecto, como protagonista de la serie de televisión del G-mik, que también era un film dirigido a los adolescentes.

Yayo Aguila formó parte de la segunda temporada de la edición de famosos de Pinoy Big Brother. Ella fue una de las voluntarias del evento Día 71. Actualmente ella es vista en la cadena televisiva ABS-CBN.

Vida personal
Durante el rodaje de su primer rodaje en la película de culto Bagets, Yayo Aguila conoció a su futuro esposo, el actor William Martínez. Se separaron en 2010 después de 25 años de matrimonio.

Luego Yayo Águila, entre sus compañeros de trabajo en Pinoy Big Brother, su segundo compromiso fue el actor Baron Geisler. Con quien estuvo involucrado en un caso judicial presentado por su hija después que terminara como jurado en un reality show. La hija de Geisler, lo acusó de los actos de lascivia. Él se defendió judicialmente contra Yayo Aguila y su hija.

Filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Yayo Aguila at IMDb

Personas de Ciudad Quezón
Actores de Filipinas

Yayo Aguila


Kesznyéten é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 1.800 habitantes.

Localidades de Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

Kesznyéten


Sir William Young,  (8 September 1799 – 8 May 1887) was a Nova Scotia politician and jurist.

Born in Falkirk, the son of John Young and Agnes Renny, Young was first elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1836 as a Reformer (or Liberal) and, as a lawyer, defended Reform journalists accused of libel. When responsible government was instituted in 1848, Young hoped to become the first Premier but was passed over in favour of fellow reformer James Boyle Uniacke and Young became Speaker. However, Young succeeded Uniacke in 1854.

His government was accused of overlooking Catholics and tensions with Catholics were exacerbated by Joseph Howe's rupture with Nova Scotia's Irish Catholic community over his recruitment of Americans to fight on the British side in the Crimean War.

In February 1857, ten Catholic and two Protestant Liberals voted with the Tories to bring down Young's government.

Young returned to power in January 1860 when the Tory government was unable to command a majority in the legislature after an election. In July, the colony's Chief Justice died and Young, who had long coveted the job, was appointed to the position by the lieutenant governor.

He served as Chief Justice for twenty-one years and was noted for placing cushions on his chair so he would tower above his fellow justices. He died in Halifax in 1887.

Legacy
 Young Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia is named after Sir William Young
 In 1887 (the same year that the Bandstand was built), the estate of chief justice Sir William Young, donated three statues and six urns from his own garden, to Halifax Public Gardens.
Nova Scotian artist William Valentine painted Young's portrait.
 The Private and Local Acts of Nova-Scotia By Nova Scotia, Sir William Young

References

Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1799 births
1887 deaths
Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Premiers of Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Speakers of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly
People from Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Nova Scotia
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
People from Falkirk
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Colony of Nova Scotia people
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Colony of Nova Scotia judges
Nova Scotia political party leaders

William Young (Nova Scotia politician)


Rodnikí  es un posiólok del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Se sitúa a orillas del río Kelermes, tributario por la derecha del río Bélaya, afluente del río Kubán, 5 km al sur de Beloréchensk y 78 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 2 041 habitantes (2008).

Es cabeza del municipio Rodnikóvskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Vostochni, Prirechni, Stepnói, Sadovi, Grushovi, Podgorni, MTF N.º1 koljoza im. Lénina y MTF Nº2 koljoza im. Lénina.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Родники (Краснодарский край).
 Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar

Rodnikí (Krasnodar)


Bakr Sidqi al-Askari (; 1890 – 11 August 1937) was an Iraqi general of Kurdish origin, born in 1890 and assassinated on 11 August 1937, in Mosul.

Early life
Bakr Sidqi was born to Kurdish family either in 'Askar, a Kurdish village, or in Kirkuk.

Military career
Having studied at the Military College in Istanbul and graduated as a second lieutenant, he fought in the Balkan Wars and joined the Staff College in Istanbul, graduating in 1915. During the First World War, with the outbreak of the Arab Revolt, Sidqi joined Faisal's army in Syria and served in Aleppo with a number of other Sharifian officers. From 1919 to 1920, he served as an intelligence agent of the British military forces and was later recommended by the British General Staff in 1921 to an officer rank in the Iraqi army after the collapse of Faisal's Arab Kingdom of Syria. His plan was to one day be the Chief of the General Staff but was met with opposition by some Iraqis, who accused him of pushing for a "pro-Kurdish policy." In response, Sidqi highlighted his half-Arab origins, linking himself with familial ties with Jafar al-Askari. He later attended the British Staff College and was considered one of Iraq's most competent officers. He lectured in the military school and achieved the rank of colonel in 1928 and brigadier general in 1933.

In August 1933, Sidqi ordered the Royal Iraqi Army to march to the north to crush so-called 'militant Assyrian separatists' in Simele, near Mosul, which led to 3,000 Assyrian civilians being killed in the region in the Simele massacre.

The British praised him in 1934 as "the best commander in the Iraqi army and the most efficient one". In 1935, he cracked down on the Shia Arab tribal rebellions at al-Rumaitha and al-Diwaniya with unprecedented harshness.

According to Malik Mufti, he systematically promoted Kurds and Turkmens for positions in the army until they were 90% of the high-ranking officers, which generated resentment. Bakr Sidqi was "accused of having tried to set up a Kurdish state in the north of Iraq, which would include the Kurds of Iran and Turkey".

Simele massacre

In 1933, the U.S. Foreign Service officer in Iraq, Paul Knabenshue, described public animosity towards the Assyrians at a "fever heat". With Iraqi independence, the new Assyrian spiritual-temporal leader, Mar Shimun XXI Eshai demanded autonomy for Assyrians within the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, as had been promised by the British and Russians during the First World War, and sought support from Britain. He pressed his case before the League of Nations in 1932. His followers established plans to resign from the Iraq Levies and to regroup as a militia and concentrate in the north, creating a de facto Assyrian enclave.

In June 1933, the young Patriarch was invited to Baghdad for negotiations with Hikmat Sulayman's government and was detained there after refusing to relinquish temporal authority.  Mar Shimun and his family would eventually be exiled to Cyprus, forcing the head of the Assyrian Church of the East to be located in Chicago, where it remained until 2015 when it was brought back to Erbil.

In early August 1933, more than 1,000 unarmed Assyrians who had been refused asylum in Syria crossed the border to return to their villages in Northern Iraq. The French, who controlled Syria, notified the Iraqis that the Assyrians were not armed. However, while the Iraqi soldiers were disarming those whose arms had been returned by the French, shots were fired. It is unclear who fired first. The Royal Iraqi Army was defeated, and 30 Iraqi soldiers were killed. Anti-Assyrian xenophobia, apparent throughout the crisis, increased.

When news of the confrontation reached Baghdad, the government feared disaster in the unity of their armed forces. The government used irregular Kurds, who killed more than 1,280 unarmed Assyrians in two Assyrian villages in the week of 2 August, with most of the massacre occurring on 7 August). Then, on 11 August, Sidqi led a heavily armed force to what was then one of the most heavily inhabited Assyrian district in Iraq, the Simele District.

The Assyrian population of the district of Simele was indiscriminately massacred. In one room alone, 81 Assyrians of the Baz tribe were massacred. Religious leaders were prime targets; eight Assyrian priests were killed during the massacre, including one beheaded and another burned alive. Girls and women were raped and made to march naked before the Iraqi army commanders while the British IRF airplane took pictures that would be used later against the Iraqi government.

Back in Dohuk, 880 unarmed Assyrian civilians were murdered by Sidqi's men. In the end, around 71 Assyrian villages were targeted in the Mosul and Dohuk districts. On 13 August, Bakr Sidqi moved his troops to Alqosh, where he planned to inflict an additional massacre on the Assyrians there. The main campaign lasted until 16 August, but violent unprovoked attacks on Assyrians were reported up to the end of the month. After the campaign, Bakr Sidqi was invited to Baghdad for a "victory" rally.

The Simele massacre inspired Raphael Lemkin to create the concept of Genocide. In 1933, Lemkin made a presentation to the Legal Council of the League of Nations conference on international criminal law in Madrid, for which he prepared an essay on the Crime of Barbarity as a crime against international law. The concept of the crime, which later evolved into the idea of genocide, was based mostly on the Simele massacre. The Assyrians were living among their "hereditary enemies" the Kurds in Iraq, and it was "at the hand of the Kurds that they suffered most of the loss of life which Raphael Lemkin was to assess as genocide".

1935 Rumaytha and Diwaniyya revolts

Coup d'état

In 1936, during the reign of Faisal's ineffectual son, King Ghazi, General Sidqi—recently named Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Iraqi Army—staged what was probably the first modern military coup d'état in the Arab world against the government of Yasin al-Hashimi. Eleven Iraqi military planes dropped leaflets over Baghdad on 29 October 1936, requesting the King to take action and dismiss Yasin al-Hashimi's administration and for the installment of the ousted anti-reform Prime Minister, Hikmat Sulayman. In addition, the leaflets warned the citizens that military action would be taken against those who do not "answer our sincere appeal".

The leaflets were signed by Sidqi himself, as the "Commander of the National Forces of Reform".

General Bakr Sidqi could not have found a better time to execute his plan as the Chief of Staff, General Taha al-Hashimi, was in Ankara, Turkey. As the acting Chief of Staff, Sidqi ordered those in the army and in the air force who shared his beliefs of a military coup to adhere to his directions. Any interference by Sidqi's opponents was neutralised by Sidqi himself, who managed to send a telegram to Taha al-Hashimi ordering him not to return. In an interview conducted by Majid Khadduri, he claims that Sidqi had disclosed to Khodduri that the King had called the British Ambassador, Sir Archibald Clark Kerr, over to the Zahur Palace for advice. The ambassador suggested for the King to invite all ministers in the Royal Iraqi Government for an emergency meeting. Of those in attendance were Yasin al-Hashimi, Nuri al-Said, General Ja'far al-Askari and Rashid Ali, Minister of the Interior.

Immediately, the King discounted any notion of a revolutionary movement, but there were reports of some bombing in Serai and the advance of troops towards Baghdad. With the exception of Nuri al-Said, all those present in the palace agreed to comply with the demands of General Bakr Sidqi and allow Hikmat Sulayman to step into power. As a result, Yasin al-Hashimi resigned.

According to Khodduri, Ambassador Kerr suggested for Hikmat to be invited to the meeting. Coincidentally, Sulayman arrived at the palace to deliver the letter, written by Sidqi and Latif Nuri, to the King explaining the implications of the coup.

Jafar al-Askari, who was Minister of Defence during the coup and had served twice as the Prime Minister of Iraq prior to Yasin al-Hashimi, sought out to deter Sidqi from his plans by attempting to distract the two battalions from advancing towards Baghdad. In addition, he tried to appeal to those officers who still regarded him as instrumental in the formation of the Royal Iraqi Army. Cautious of any dissention as a result of al-Askari's actions, Sidqi sent two of his men, Akram Mustapha, member of the air force, and Ismail Tohalla, who had participated in the Simele massacre, to assassinate him.

The death of al-Askari was widely viewed as challenge to the old government and highlighted Sidqi's quest in ultimately gaining control of the country by first taking over the army. As a result, Nuri al Sa'id was exiled to Cairo, and Yasin al-Hashimi was exiled to Istanbul. However, the coup provoked "anti-Kurdish feelings among Arab nationalists".

Despite the obvious overthrow, Sidqi found it necessary to enter Baghdad with the army and parade with the citizens. According to Khodduri, some felt that it was a move to dissuade any last-minute resistance, and others felt that Sidqi wanted to prove himself with the parade and be applauded for bringing in a new regime for Iraq.

As a result of the coup, Yasin stepped down, insisting that the King write a formal letter accepting his resignation. Sulayman became Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior, but, after overthrowing the government, it was Sidqi, who as commander of the armed forces, essentially ruled Iraq. Some other members of the new cabinet included Abu al-Timman, Minister of Finance, Kamil al-Chadirchi, Minister of Economics and Public Works, Abd al-Latif, Minister of Defence, and Yusuf Izz ad-Din Ibrahim as Minister of Education. It is important to note that although General Sidqi was instrumental in the formation of the coup, he did not want a cabinet position and remained Chief of the General Staff.

However, the murder of al-Askari created strong feelings, especially among Iraqi forces, against the new government, and Sulayman's cabinet lasted under ten months until Sidqi was assassinated. As a result, Sulayman resigned as Prime Minister and was succeeded by Jamil al-Midfai.

Sidqi was recognised as one of the most brilliant officers in the Royal Iraqi Army, known for his intelligence, ambition, and self-confidence. He also believed the army was needed to bring about reform and achieve order, a stance he shared with Atatürk and Reza Shah.

See also
Simele massacre

Notes

References
 Khadduri, Majid. Independent Iraq 1932–1958, A Study in Iraqi Politics. London: Oxford University Press, 1960.

Further reading
 Yildiz, Kerim. The Kurds in Iraq, The Past, Present and Future. London: Pluto Press, 2004.

1890 births
1937 deaths
Arab people from the Ottoman Empire
Assassinated Iraqi politicians
Assassinated Kurdish politicians
Genocide perpetrators
Iraqi generals
Iraqi mass murderers
Iraqi nationalists
Kurdish people from the Ottoman Empire
People from Baghdad
Ottoman Army officers
Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Ottoman Military College alumni
Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
1930s assassinated politicians

Bakr Sidqi


An Ochagavia elegans in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Rodolfo Amando Philippi. An Ochagavia elegans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ochagavia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Juan Fern�ndez Is.. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Ochagavia

Ochagavia elegans


Charles Chamberlain Hurst (1870–1947) fue un naturalista, genetista inglés.

Carrera
Hurst tenía la esperanza de ser docente en Ciencias Naturales en la Universidad de Cambridge, pero se enfermó en un momento crítico, posiblemente de tuberculosis, lo que le impidió asistir allí, aunque se recuperó y llevó una vida activa a partir de entonces.

Hurst heredó un negocio de vivero de plantas en el pequeño pueblo de Leicestershire Burbage. En sus "Laboratorios Burbage", una parte de los viveros vegetales de la familia, Hurst realizó sus estudios en la hibridación de las orquídeas. En 1898, escribió uno de sus primeros artículos proponiendo que las nuevas especies evolucionaron a partir de la hibridación, basándose en su conocimiento de orquídeas, casi dos décadas antes de que teorías similares fueran publicadas por Johannes P. Lotsy. Hurst fue un corresponsal frecuente y amigo de William Bateson y ayudó en la introducción de la genética mendeliana en el .

También en Burbage, Hurst recogió los primeros datos para avanzar en la teoría de que el color de los ojos azules es recesivo del pardo. Llevó a cabo muchas investigaciones sobre la genética de la herencia de la capa de color en los caballos, pollos y otros animales domésticos. Así, con el estudio del color de los ojos humanos, se hizo un eugenista ardiente y creía fervientemente que la especie humana se podría mejorar gracias al estudio genético. En su texto sobre 'Creative Evolution' abogó por una teoría sobre habilidades musicales basada en loci mendelianos.

Aunque fue uno de los primeros promotores y defensor de la genética mendeliana y un amigo de Bateson, parece haberse separado de su mentor cuando encontró evidencia compensatoria. En su libro de 1932 sobre The Mechanism of Creative Evolution Hurst adoptó la teoría cromosómica de la herencia sin reservas, refirieéndose copiosamente a la obra de Thomas Hunt Morgan Drosophila, y también fue claramente un darwinista fiel. Creía que la selección natural y la genética mendeliana eran compatibles, y se refirió a la labor teórica de Sewall Wright, R.A. Fisher, y J.B.S. Haldane, que demostró que los rasgos cuantitativos y la selección natural eran compatibles con el mendelismo. Así lo argumentó en Creative Evolution, de 1932, pp. xix:

"El enfoque genético para el darwinismo se ha visto reforzada por el trabajo matemático de Fisher y Haldane, que ha situado el estudio de la selección natural en un plano superior, y ha proporcionado una nueva herramienta y el enfoque del problema, del que mucho se espera durante el próxima década. Trabajo de Fisher enLa teoría genética de la selección natural, con sus nuevos puntos de vista del origen de la dominación y la selección natural de genotipos, ya se ha convertido en un clásico. J.B.S. Teoría Matemática de Haldanede la selección natural muestra que en la evolución, no una mutación o transformación lamarckiana puede prevalecer contra la selección natural de hasta una intensidad moderada. En Estados Unidos, Sewall Wright también ha hecho una extensa investigación matemática del problema de la evolución y selección natural, y en lo principal de sus resultados coinciden con los de Fisher y Haldane, a pesar de que concede más importancia a la supervivencia al azar en poblaciones de tamaño medio que cualquiera de Fisher o Haldane."

Hurst también fue un importante iniciador del moderno "concepto de especie genética", más adelante conocido como el concepto biológico de especies. Esto estaba muy en sintonía con las propias creencias de William Bateson, y esos puntos de vista sobre este tema eran venerados por muchos genetistas de todo el mundo, como Theodosius Dobzhansky. El concepto de Hurst sobre las especies se ve en Creative Evolution, 1932, pp. 66-7:

"Una especie es un grupo de individuos de ascendencia común, con ciertos caracteres constantes específicas en común que están representados en el núcleo de cada célula por un conjunto constante y característico de cromosomas portadores homocigotos genes específicos, lo que por lo general genera los roles de intrafertilidad e interesterilidad. En este punto de vista de la especie ya no es una concepción arbitraria conveniente para el taxónomo, un simple nombre o una etiqueta nueva, sino una entidad real específica que puede ser demostrado experimentalmente genética y citológicamente. Una vez que la verdadera naturaleza de las especies se realiza y se reconoce en términos de genes y los cromosomas, se abre el camino a seguir su evolución y el origen y la especie genética se convierte en una unidad mensurable y experimental de la evolución."

Tales puntos de vista eran los típicos de la posición en la biología evolutiva, y adoptado posteriormente principalmente por Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, y copian "The Modern Synthesis" de Julian Huxley, en 1942.

Significancia
Hurst fue famoso por su trabajo en la hibridación y la cría de orquídeas, y también para llevar a cabo los primeros estudios en la genética del color de ojos (demostrando la dominancia de ojos marrones sobre azules en 1905), y la coloración del abrigo de los animales (en sujetos que van desde caballos a pollos).

William Bateson fue reconocido como el científico que primero trajo las teorías de Mendel al mundo de habla inglesa, y el acuñador del término "genética". Tenía el sobrenombre 'bulldog Bateson', Hurst ha sido descrito, junto con Bateson, como uno de los dos líderes del mendelismo en Inglaterra a comienzos del . Bateson y Hurst colaboraron en la batalla contra los biometricistas Karl Pearson y Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, con Hurst generaron datos tanto de cruzamientos experimentales de diferentes variedades de plantas y animales en variantes de color, incluyendo pollos, caballos, y humanos. En conjunto, prácticamente demostraron que la genética mendeliana podía extenderse a muchos sistemas diferentes. Hurst era mucho más joven que Bateson, y tenía una pasión ardiente por la genética, con gran habilidad en el debate, y una accesibilidad que carecían algunos de sus compañeros de más edad; lo que significaba que era respetado en la comunidad científica y en la laica.

Algunas publicaciones
 . 1898. Curiosities of orchid breeding. Nature (London) 59: 178-181
 --------------------------. 1902. Early papers
 --------------------------. 1907. Mendelian characters in plants and animals. Edición reimpresa de Spottiswoode & Co. Ltd. 16 pp.
 --------------------------. 1908. Mendel's law of heredity and its application to man: abstract of a lecture delivered before the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, 10 de febrero 1908. Editor Victoria Press, 14 pp.
 --------------------------, . 1909. The Orchid Stud Book --------------------------. 1910. Mendel's law of heredity and its application to horticulture. 31 pp.
 --------------------------. 1911. The book of the English oak. Editor Lynwood & Co. Ltd. 196 pp.
 --------------------------. 1912. Mendelian heredity in man. Editor Eugenics education society, 25 pp.
 --------------------------, . 1922. Notes on the origin of the moss-rose. Edición reimpresa
 --------------------------. 1925. Experiments in Genetics. Editor University press. 578 pp.
 --------------------------. 1926. Origin of species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 138: 30
 --------------------------. 1927. Species concept. Report of the British Association, 1926, Oxford
 --------------------------. 1927. Mechanism of evolution. Eugenics Review 19: 19
 --------------------------. 1928. Differential polyploidy in the genus Rosa L. 41 pp.
 --------------------------. 1929. The genetics of the rose: a paper read at the Great International Rose Conference, Londres. Edición reimpresa de National Rose Society by the Croydon Advertiser, 28 pp.
 --------------------------. 1930. Species concept. Gardener's Chronicle 88: 325
 --------------------------. 1931. New species concept. Reports of the International Congress of Botany, 1930. Cambridge
 --------------------------. 1932. The Mechanism of Creative Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 365 pp.
 --------------------------. 1932. A Genetic Formula for the Inheritance of Intelligence in Man --------------------------. 1934. The Genetics of Intellect --------------------------. 1935. Heredity and the Ascent of Man. Editor The Macmillan Co. 138 pp.
 . 1966. The old shrub roses. Editor Phoenix House, 232 pp.
 . 1987. The orchid stud-book: an enumeration of hybrid orchids of artificial origin, with their parents, raisers, date of first flowering, references to descriptions and figures, and synonymy: with an historical introduction and 120 figures and a chapter on hybridising and raising orchids from seed. Edición ilustrada, reimpresa de Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, 327 pp. ISBN 81-211-0003-8
 . 2010. The Orchid Stud-Book: An Enumeration of Hybrid Orchids of Artificial Origin, with Their Parents, Raisers, Date of First Flowering, References to Descr. Edición reimpresa de Nabu Press, 388 pp. ISBN 1-176-28060-0
 Honores
 Epónimos
 (Cactaceae) Harrisia hurstii W.T.Marshall

 (Rosaceae) Rosa hurstiana Hesl.-Harr.

 (Scrophulariaceae) Scrophularia hurstii Druce

 Véase también

 Anexo:naturalistas y epónimos
 Referencias

 Bibliografía
 . 2008. Treasure Your Exceptions. The Science and Life of William Bateson. Springer-Verlag, Berlín. Capítulo 10. Bateson's Bulldog. pp. 269–294
 . 2008. In Pursuit of the Gene. From Darwin to DNA''. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. pp. 133–143

Enlaces externos

 Hurst and Bateson

Biólogos evolucionistas
Botánicos de Inglaterra del siglo XX
Zoólogos de Inglaterra del siglo XX
Escritores en inglés del siglo XX
Genetistas del Reino Unido
Biólogos de Inglaterra del siglo XX

Charles Chamberlain Hurst


[[Fichier:Johann_Caspar_Nepomuk_Scheuren_-_Study_of_a_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|vignette| Étude d'arbre, aquarelle vers 1830.]]

Caspar Johann Nepomuk Scheuren (né le 22 août 1810 à Aix-la-Chapelle et mort le 12 juin 1887 à Düsseldorf) est un peintre et illustrateur prussien.

 Biographie
Après une formation dans l'atelier de son père, Aegidius Johann Peter Joseph Scheuren, il suit une formation de peintre paysagiste à l'Académie des beaux-arts de Düsseldorf de 1829 à 1835. Les voyages d'études sont importants pour son «art romantique-fantastique», les modèles de Carl Friedrich Lessing et Johann Wilhelm Schirmer ainsi que la lecture de Walter Scott.

Caspar Scheuren est un représentant de l'école de peinture de Düsseldorf et est considéré comme l'un des peintres rhénans les plus importants du . Le peintre  est un élève privé de Scheuren.

La plupart de ses peintures traitent de légendes, d'histoires et de motifs de régions célèbres du Rhin (). Déjà à la fin des années 1830, il abandonne la peinture de paysage à l'huile et crée un nouveau genre de vues allégoriquement décorées, finement dessinées et gracieusement colorées, d'illustrations, de dédicaces et de feuilles commémoratives dans lesquelles paysage, figures et ornementation se combinent de manière imaginative. Ces œuvres sont reproduites de nombreuses fois.

À partir de 1839, il vit à Düsseldorf et est nommé professeur à l'Académie en 1855. En 1890, la Société d'histoire d'Aix-la-Chapelle place une plaque commémorative sur sa maison natale à Aix-la-Chapelle.

Son œuvre est actuellement estimée à environ 300 peintures, plus de 400 estampes et plus de 600 aquarelles. Scheuren a un penchant pour les thèmes rhénans. Son album consacré au château de Stolzenfels est numérisé par la . En outre, il y a des œuvres de Scheuren à la Galerie nationale de Berlin, la Neue Pinakothek à Munich et au musée Wallraf Richartz de Cologne.

Caspar Scheuren est enterré au cimetière du Nord de Düsseldorf.

 Œuvres (sélection)
 La peinture

 1821 Hl. Theresia Aquarell in Miniatur. 1897 Suermondt-Museum
 1835 C. H. Steffens Porträt, 1897 Suermondt-Museum
 1856 Die Stadt (Aachen) von der Burtscheider Höhe Bez.: C.SCHREUREN FEC. DÜSSELDORF. J.B.SONDERLAND LITH.INST.V.ARNZ & CO. IN DÜSSELDORF. Farbensteindruck. Zeichnung: circa 9,3 × 13,2 cm
 vier kleinere Landschaften, zwei große Landschafts-Zeichnungen ebd.
 Rheinalbum bestehend aus 26 aquarellierten Blättern in Querfolio. Wallraff-Richartz-Museum, Köln

 Caspar Scheuren: 26 Radirungen. Mannheim Artaria & Fontaine, 1846. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Weihnachts-Album, 15 Farbendrucke nach Gemälden Düsseldorfer Künstler in Mappe, Düsseldorf 1853
 The Dusseldorf artist's (!) album, edited & translated by Mary Howitt, with original contributions by various English poëts. Düsseldorf/London 1854
 Album deutscher Kunst und Dichtung, hrsg. von Friedrich Bodenstedt. Mit Holzschnitten nach Originalzeichnungen der Künstler, ausgeführt von Robert Brend'amour, Grote, Berlin 1867.
 Der Kedrich, eine Dichtung nach Rheinsagen, von A. Mayer, Aachen 1872
 Der Rhein, von den Quellen bis zum Meere, Bilder von Kaspar Scheuren, Lahr 1883

 Paroles
 Das Nahe-Thal: von dem Ursprunge der Nahe bis zu ihrer Mündung in den Rhein. Coeln: Gebrüder Kehr & Niessen, Köln 1834
 Die Rhein-Anlagen bei Coblenz. Berlin: Loeillot, 1866.
 Vom deutschen Rhein: mit landschaftlichen und architektonischen Ansichten nebst Illustrationen zu rheinischen Dichtungen. Coblenz am Rhein: Groos, 1877
 Stätten der Erinnerung an die Königin Luise im Rahmen mündlicher Ueberlieferungen. Aufgezeichnet von Caspar Scheuren und Elise Polko. Düsseldorf Baumann, 1878 Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Rhein-Album. Düsseldorf Rings, ca. 1880. Digitalisierte Ausgabe

 Illustrations (sélection)
 Die Chronik der Stadt Cöln, mit Illustrationen von , , C. Scheuren, J. B. Sonderland. Düsseldorf 1857
 , unter musikalischer Redaction von Friedrich Silcher u. Fr. Erk. Hrsg. von Hermann und Moritz Schauenburg. Lahr Schauenburg, 1857. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Fischerleben in Lust und Leid: zwei Tage in 22 Bildern, von C. Scheuren. Dichtung von Dr. , Gera 1859
 Jubel-Kalender zur Erinnerung an die Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig vom 16.–19. Oct. 1813 mit Illustrationen nach Originalzeichnungen von , C. und E. Kirchhoff und Caspar Scheuren. Weber, Leipzig 1863.
 Aquarelle Düsseldorfer Künstler : den kunstsinnigen Damen gewidmet. Düsseldorf Arnz, 1861. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Deutsche Dichtungen mit Randzeichnungen deutscher Künstler. Düsseldorf Buddeus, (Bände 1–2) 1843. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Max Schaffrath: Dichtungen. Düsseldorf Breidenbach, 1875. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Diplom des Vereins der Ärzte des Regierungsbezirkes Düsseldorf für Herrn ... als ... Mitglied : der Vorstand/Verein der Ärzte. Cöln Levy-Elkan, 1846. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Einladung für ... zur Feier der Fahnenweihe, Düsseldorfer Männer-Gesang-Verein, am 16. Sept. 1848 : Anfang Nachmittag 4 Uhr im Geislerschen Lokale. Severin, Düsseldorf 1848 Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 In: Frauen-Brevier für Haus und Welt : Eine Auswahl der besten Stellen aus namhaften Schriftstellern über Frauenleben und Frauenbildung. Leipzig Amelang, 1893 (7. Aufl.). Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Franz Grünmeijer: Gebete im Geiste der katholischen Kirche. Düsseldorf Elkan, Bäumer & Co, ca. 1842. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Catharina Diez, Ostermorgen eines Küsters, Geschenk für die Deutsche Pestalozzi-Stiftung, Illustriert von C. Scheuren. Radirt von Triebel, von Blomberg, Scholz u. a. Berlin 1847
 Katharina Diez: Ostermorgen eines Küsters. Berlin Diesterweg u. Kalisch, 1847. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Norwegisches Bauernleben. Ein Cyclus in 10 Bildern. Von Adolph Tidemand. Mit allegorischem Titel in Farbendruck, entworfen v. C. Scheuren. Nach den Original-Cartons, zu den für die Königliche Villa "Oskarshall", bei Christiania, ausgeführten Gemälden, lithographiert v. J. B. Sonderland. Düsseldorf Schulte, 1852, 2. Aufl. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Märchen und Sagen für Jung und Alt. Düsseldorf Arnz : Voß, 1857, Band 2. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
  (Hrsg.): Lieder der Heimath : Eine Sammlung der vorzüglichsten Dichtungen im Bilderschmucke deutscher Kunst. Düsseldorf Breidenbach, 1868. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Friedrich Hackländer: Tag und Nacht : Eine Geschichte in vierundzwanzig Stunden. Stuttgart Hallberger, 1860, 2 Bde. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 K. Stieler, H. Wachenhusen, F. W. Hackländer: Rheinfahrt : Von den Quellen des Rheins bis zum Meere. Stuttgart Kröner, 1875. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Vom deutschen Rhein : Mit landschaftlichen u. architektonischen Ansichten nebst Illustrationen zu rheinischen Dichtungen, in 50 Blättern. Düsseldorf Breidenbach & Baumann, 1876/1877. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Vom deutschen Rhein : Mit landschaftlichen u. architektonischen Ansichten nebst Illustrationen zu rheinischen Dichtungen, in 25 Blättern. Köln Neubner, 1877. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Vom deutschen Rhein : Mit landschaftlichen u. architektonischen Ansichten nebst Illustrationen zu rheinischen Dichtungen, in 25 Blättern. Düsseldorf Baumann, 1879. Digitalisierte Ausgabe
 Elise Polko, Neues Märchenbuch, musikalische Skizzen und Träumereien, Mit einem farbigen Titelbild von Caspar Scheuren, Minden 1884
 Sage und Geschichte des Rheines, rheinisches Leben der Gegenwart. Digitalisierte Ausgabe

 Bibliographie

 Wolfgang Vomm: Caspar Scheurens fragmentarische Autobiographie im Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio. In: Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch 65 (2004).
 Johannes Fey: "Zur Geschichte Aachener Maler des 19. Jahrhunderts." In: Aus Aachens Vorzeit. Mitteilungen des Vereins für Kunde der Aachener Vorzeit. Zehnter Jahrgang 1897, Nr. 4/8. S. 64.google online
 Renate Puvogel: Caspar Scheuren (1810–1887). Ein Maler und Illustrator der deutschen Spätromantik.'' Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum, Aachen 1980 (Aachener Kunstblätter, Sonderbd. VIII).

Liens externes

 Courte biographie dans le cadre de la numérisation de Stolzenfels avec 50 images haute résolution du château de Stolzenfels
 L'album de Stolzenfels

 Collection RheinRomantik – Caspar Scheuren et la Rhineromantik

Références

Peintre prussien
Illustrateur prussien
Professeur à l'académie des beaux-arts de Düsseldorf
Naissance en août 1810
Naissance à Aix-la-Chapelle
Naissance dans le département de la Roer
Décès en juin 1887
Décès à Düsseldorf
Décès dans la province de Rhénanie
Décès à 76 ans

Caspar Scheuren


Girolamo Vivaldi (Génova, 1495 - Génova, 1577) foi o 61.º Doge da República de Génova.

Biografia
Nascido em Génova por volta de 1495, expoente da família nobre genovesa dos Vivaldi, ocupou vários cargos pelo Estado genovês entre os quais procurador da República, membro do colégio dos governadores, presidente da Câmara da aldeia de Sestri Levante e sindicador supremo.

Ele foi eleito Doge a 4 de janeiro de 1559: o décimo sexto na sucessão bienal e o sexagésimo primeiro na história republicana. No seu mandato trabalhou para tomar medidas de ordem pública, agraciou alguns prisioneiros franceses detidos no porto de Castiglione della Pescaia e também a República de Génova, sob o seu mandato, regozijou-se com a paz alcançada entre a Espanha por Filipe II e a França de Henrique II, que, indiretamente, também trouxe benefícios ao estado genovês.

Quando o mandato do Doge terminou a 4 de janeiro de 1561, Girolamo Vivaldi preferiu não fazer mais parte da vida pública devido a óbvios problemas de saúde. Ele faleceu em Génova em 1577 e foi sepultado no santuário da Madonna del Monte.

Mortos em 1577
Nascidos em 1495
Doges de Génova

Girolamo Vivaldi