Royal Run er et årligt motionsløb, der finder sted i flere danske byer. Der kan løbes en engelsk mil (1,609 km), 5 km og 10 km. Løbet blev afviklet første gang 21. maj 2018 i anledning af Kronprins Frederiks 50 års fødselsdag. Det seneste løb fandt sted 29. maj 2023, hvor der var ca. 93.000 tilmeldte. Det næste løb finder sted 20. maj 2024.

Royal Run arrangeres i samarbejde mellem Danmarks Idrætsforbund, DGI og Dansk Atletik.

Historie

Løbet blev afviklet første gang mandag den 21. maj 2018 (2. pinsedag) i anledning af Kronprins Frederiks 50 års fødselsdag den 26. maj 2018 i landets fem største byer: Aalborg, Aarhus, Esbjerg, Odense og København/Frederiksberg . Der blev løbet to distancer: en engelsk mil (One Mile, 1,609 km) og 10 km. Der var 70.500 deltagere til Royal Run i alt i de fem byer. Kronprins Frederik løb selv One Mile i de fire førstnævnte byer og sluttede af med 10 km i København.

Royal Run fandt sted igen 10. juni 2019 i Aarhus, Aalborg, København/Frederiksberg og Rønne. 1. juni 2019 var der desuden Royal Run i Klaksvig på Færøerne. I alt var der 82.028 tilmeldte i de fem byer. Kronprins Frederik deltog på One Mile i Aarhus og 10 km i København. Kronprinsesse Mary deltog på One Mile og 5 km i Aalborg. Deres fire børn, prins Christian, prinsesse Isabella, prinsesse Josephine og prins Vincent, deltog på Familie-milen i København.

Det tredje Royal Run skulle have fundet sted 28. maj 2020 i Nuuk i Grønland og 1. juni 2020 i Sønderborg, Aalborg, København/Frederiksberg, Odense og på Bornholm. Det blev imidlertid udskudt i første omgang til henholdsvis 30. august 2020 og 6. september 2020 på grund af coronaviruspandemien. 19. maj 2020 blev det imidlertid annonceret, at årets løb helt var aflyst. I stedet skulle næste løb finde sted 17. maj 2021 i Nuuk og 24. maj 2021 i Sønderborg, Aalborg, København/Frederiksberg, Odense og på Bornholm. De godt 70.000, der havde nået at melde sig til løbene i 2020, fik deres startnumre overført til 2021. Royal Run i Sønderborg skulle have været i anledning af 100-året for Genforeningen.

2. februar 2021 blev de danske løb udskudt endnu en gang, nu til 12. september 2021, da der stadig var for stor usikkerhed omkring coronasituationen. Løbet i Nuuk blev dog helt aflyst 6. juli 2021 på grund af fortsatte coronarestriktioner og karantæneregler. De danske løb blev gennemført 12. september 2021 med ca. 79.000 tilmeldte. Kronprinsesse Mary deltog på 5 km i Aarhus. Kronprins Frederik deltog på One Mile i Sønderborg og Odense samt 10 km i København. Desuden løb kronprinsen en æresrunde i København i form af en One Mile med deltagere fra Sommer-OL 2020 og de paralympiske lege.

Den fjerde Royal Run fandt sted 6. juni 2022 med 91.680 tilmeldte, en foreløbig rekord. 10.012 var tilmeldt i Aalborg, 15.404 i Aarhus, 13.568 i Kolding, 11.954 i Næstved, 663 i Rønne og 40.079 i København/Frederiksberg. Kronprins Frederik løb One Mile i Aalborg, 5 km i Aarhus og 10 km i København/Frederiksberg. Kronprinsesse Mary løb One Mile i Kolding og 5 km i Næstved. Deres fire børn deltog desuden i flere løb i København. Da kronprinsen afsluttede sit 10 km-løb her, offentliggjorde han, at det næste Royal Run ville finde sted 29. maj 2023. Han oplyste også, at en af stederne ville blive København, men ønskede ellers, at det ville blive i flere byer end hidtil.

9. november 2022 blev det offentliggjort, at 2023-udgaven af Royal Run ville finde sted i Herning, Aabenraa, Nyborg, Nykøbing Falster og København/Frederiksberg. Sidstnævnte var eneste genganger fra tidligere år. I Herning kom løberne for første gang til at prøve at løbe indendørs, idet ruterne på et kort stykke var lagt gennem Herning Bibliotek. Det samlede deltagerantal slog rekord igen med 93.624. Ifølge Danmarks Idrætsforbunds administrerende direktør Morten Mølholm Hansen havde over en tredjedel af deltagerne aldrig været med i et motionsløb før. Der var især mange midaldrende og en del ældre med, ligesom der var der mange forældre med mindre børn. Derimod kneb det med unge i alderen 16-30 år.

Den næste Royal Run kommer til at finde sted 20. maj 2024. Det bliver endnu en gang i fem byer, der blev offentliggjort med en hver i perioden 3.-7. september 2023: Brønderslev, Aarhus, Fredericia, Kalundborg og København/Frederiksberg. Sidstnævnte har været med fra starten, og Aarhus har haft det tre gange, men for de tre andre er det første gang. Ønsket var at man ved at komme ud til nye dele af landet kunne inspirere endnu flere til at bevæge sig, både før, under og efter løbet.

Royal Run efter år

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside

Motionsløb i Danmark
Atletikkonkurrencer i Danmark
Etableret i 2018
Sport i 2018
Sport i Aalborg
Sport i Aarhus
Sport i Esbjerg
Sport i Odense
Sport i København

Royal Run


A war economy or wartime economy is the set of contingencies undertaken by a modern state to mobilize its economy for war production. Philippe Le Billon describes a war economy as a "system of producing, mobilizing and allocating resources to sustain the violence." Some measures taken include the increasing of Taylor rates as well as the introduction of resource allocation programs. Approaches to the reconfiguration of the economy differ from country to country.

Many states increase the degree of planning in their economies during wars; in many cases this extends to rationing, and in some cases to conscription for civil defenses, such as the Women's Land Army and Bevin Boys in the United Kingdom during World War II. During total war situations, certain buildings and positions are often seen as important targets by combatants. The Union blockade, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea during the American Civil War, and the strategic bombing of enemy cities and factories during World War II are all examples of total war.

Concerning the side of aggregate demand, the concept of a war economy has been linked to the concept of "military Keynesianism", in which the government's military budget stabilizes business cycles and fluctuations and/or is used to fight recessions. On the supply side, it has been observed that wars sometimes have the effect of accelerating technological progress to such an extent that an economy is greatly strengthened after the war, especially if it has avoided the war-related destruction. This was the case, for example, with the United States in World War I and World War II. Some economists (such as Seymour Melman) argue, however, that the wasteful nature of much of military spending eventually can hurt technological progress.

War is often used as a last ditch effort to prevent deteriorating economic conditions or currency crises, particularly by expanding services and employment in the military, and by simultaneously depopulating segments of the population to free up resources and restore the economic and social order. A temporary war economy can also be seen as a means to avoid the need for more permanent militarization. During World War II, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stated that if the Axis powers won, then "we would have to convert ourselves permanently into a militaristic power on the basis of war economy."

United States

The United States has a very complex history with wartime economies. Many notable instances came during the twentieth century in which America's main conflicts consisted of the World Wars, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

World War I

In mobilizing for World War I, the United States expanded its governmental powers by creating institutions such as the War Industries Board (WIB) to help with military production. Others, such as the Fuel Administration, introduced daylight saving time in an effort to save coal and oil while the Food Administration encouraged higher grain production and "mobilized a spirit of self-sacrifice rather than mandatory rationing." Propaganda also played a large part in garnering support for topics ranging from tax initiatives to food conservation. Speaking on Four Minute Men, volunteers who rallied the public through short speeches, investigative journalist George Creel stated that the idea was extremely popular and the program saw thousands of volunteers throughout the states.

World War II

In the case of the Second World War, the U.S. government took similar measures in increasing its control over the economy. The Fall of France and the shifting of the front line into the English Channel with the outcome of the looming Battle of Britain uncertain provided the spark needed to begin conversion to a wartime economy with the passing of the Two-Ocean Navy Act in July 1940. The subsequent Attack on Pearl Harbor prolonged and expanded the measures. The Washington felt that a greater bureaucracy was needed to help with mobilization. The government raised taxes which paid for half of the war's costs and borrowed money in the form of war bonds to cover the rest of the bill. "Commercial institutions like banks also bought billions of dollars of bonds and other treasury paper, holding more than $24 billion at the war's end." The creation of a handful of agencies helped funnel resources towards the war effort. One prominent agency was the War Production Board (WPB), which "awarded defense contracts, allocated scarce resources – such as rubber, copper, and oil – for military uses, and persuaded businesses to convert to military production."

The United States mass-produced many vehicles, such as ships (i.e. Liberty Ships), aircraft (i.e. North American P-51 Mustang), jeeps (i.e. Willys MB) and tanks (i.e. M4 Sherman).

Two-thirds of the American economy had been integrated into the war effort by the end of 1943. Because of this massive cooperation between government and private entities, it could be argued that the economic measures enacted prior to and during the Second World War helped lead the Allies to victory.

Present day
The United States has been involved in numerous military endeavours within the Middle East and Latin America since the 1960s. Having been in a continuous state of war since the September 11 attacks, they have an annual military budget larger than India, China, Russia, United Kingdom, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and France's military budgets combined.

Germany

World War I

Germany has experienced economic devastation following both World Wars. While this was not a result of faulty economic planning, it is important to understand the ways that Germany approached reconstruction. In World War I, the German agricultural sector was hit hard by the demands of the war effort. Not only were many of the workers conscripted, but much of the food itself was allocated for the troops leading to a shortage. "German authorities were not able to solve the food scarcity [problem], but implemented a food rationing system and several price ceilings to prevent speculation and profiteering. Unfortunately, these measures did not have the desired success."

World War II

Heading into the Second World War, the Nazis introduced new policies that not only caused the unemployment rate to drop, it created a competent war machine in clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles. The Third Reich implemented a draft and built factories to supply its quickly expanding military. Both of these actions created jobs for many Germans who had been struggling from the economic collapse following World War I. However, it is worth noting that while unemployment rates plummeted, "by 1939, government debt stood at over 40 billion Reichsmarks (equivalent to  billion  euros)." After World War II, Germany was discovered to have exploited the economies of the countries it invaded. The most important among these, according to historians Boldorf and Scherner, was France and "her highly developed economy... [being] one of the biggest in Europe." This is further supported when they later reveal how the French economy provided for 11 percent of Germany's national income (during the occupation) which covered five months of Germany's total income for the war. Using extortion and forced labor, the Nazis siphoned off much of France's economic output. For example, during the early months of the Nazi occupation, the French puppet government was forced to pay a "quartering" fee of twenty million Reichsmarks per day. Supposedly, the fee was payment for the Nazi occupation forces. In reality, the money was used to fuel the Nazi war economy. Germany employed numerous methods to support its war effort. However, due to the Nazis' surrender to the Allies, it is hard to tell what their economic policies would have yielded in the long term.

Other examples
Armenia is another example that followed war economy principles, especially during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Armenia is a small country in a blockade in the Caucasus region but still increased its military budget after 2018 reaching $640 million. In 2019 it was 18.8% of the total Armenian budget. Except mobilizing financial resources, Armenia also declared mobilization and concentrated human capital (volunteers, doctors, soldiers).

See also
 Companies by arms sales
 Defense Economics
 Diversionary war
 Economic nationalism
 Economic warfare
 Industrial warfare
 Military–industrial complex
 Mass production
 Permanent war economy
 Resistance economy
 The Climate Mobilization: calls for a WWII–scale economic transformation to combat climate change
 Total war
 War communism
 War effort
 World War Zero
 Wartime propaganda

References

Further reading

 Ball, Douglas B. Financial Failure and Confederate Defeat (University of Illinois Press, 1991) online book review

 Le Billon, Dr. Philippe (2005) Geopolitics of Resource Wars: Resource Dependence, Governance and Violence. London: Frank Cass, 288pp
 Caverley, Jonathan D. "The economics of war and peace." The Oxford Handbook of International Security (2018): 304-318 doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.20

 Daunton, Martin J. "How to pay for the war: state, society and taxation in Britain, 1917–24." English Historical Review 111.443 (1996): 882-919. doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXI.443.882

 Flores-Macías, Gustavo A., and Sarah E. Kreps. "Political parties at war: A study of American war finance, 1789–2010." American Political Science Review 107.4 (2013): 833-848. online
 Flores-Macías, Gustavo A., and Sarah E. Kreps. "Borrowing support for war: The effect of war finance on public attitudes toward conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61.5 (2017): 997-1020. online
 Gagliano Giuseppe, Economic War, Modern Diplomacy, 2017,

 Gill, David James. The Long Shadow of Default: Britain's Unpaid War Debts to the United States, 1917-2020 (Yale University Press, 2022) .
Goldstein, Joshua S. (2001). War and gender: How gender shapes the war system and vice versa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 Hall, George J., and Thomas J. Sargent. "Debt and taxes in eight US wars and two insurrections." in The Handbook of Historical Economics (Academic Press, 2021(. 825-880. online
 Kirss, Alexander. "Interest or ideology? Why American business leaders opposed the Vietnam War." Business and Politics 24.2 (2022): 171-187.
Moeller, Susan. (1999). "Compassion Fatigue", Compassion Fatigue: How the Media Sells Disease, Famine, War and Death. New York & London: Routledge. 6 - 53.
 Poast, Paul. "Beyond the 'sinew of war': The political economy of security as a subfield." Annual Review of Political Science 22 (2019): 223-239. online
 Poast, Paul. "Economics and War." in Understanding War and Peace (2023): 175+ online.
 Saylor, Ryan, and Nicholas C. Wheeler. "Paying for war and building states: The coalitional politics of debt servicing and tax institutions." World Politics 69.2 (2017): 366-408. On South America in 19th century.

 Shea, Patrick E. "Money Talks: Finance, War, and Great Power Politics in the Nineteenth Century." Social Science History 44.2 (2020): 223-249. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.3 online]
 Wilson, Peter H., and Marianne Klerk. "The business of war untangled: Cities as fiscal-military hubs in Europe (1530s–1860s)." War in History 29.1 (2022): 80-103. online
 Wolfson, Murray, and Robert Smith. "How not to pay for the war." Defence and Peace Economics 4.4 (1993): 299-314. doi.org/10.1080/10430719308404770 re Gulf War of 1991.
 Zielinski, Rosella Cappella. How states pay for wars (Cornell University Press, 2016) online.

Economic planning
Military economics
Economic warfare

War economy


9452 Rogerpeeters este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9452 Rogerpeeters este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,60 ua, o excentricitate de 0,30 și o înclinație de 4,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

9452 Rogerpeeters


فرانك بورمان  رائد فضاء أمريكي من أصل ألماني ولد 14 مارس 1928 كان رائدا للفضاء تابعا لناسا ، ويشتهر بأول رحلة يقوم بها الإنسان إلى القمر حيث قام مع زميليه جيم لوفل ووليام اندرس برحلة أبولو 8 واتخذوا بمركبة الفضاء مدارا حول القمر من دون الهبوط على سطحه . وينتمي بورمان إلى 24 رائد من رواد الفضاء الذين قاموا برحلات إلى القمر . بعد تركه ناسا عمل مديرا لشركة أيسترن إيرلاينز من 1975 حتى 1986 . وحاز عل عدة مدليات فخرية لنشاطاته في غزو الفضاء.

اقرأ أيضا
 نيل أرمسترونج
 بز ألدرن
 ميشائيل كولينز
 يوجين سيرنان
 جون يونغ
 وليام اندرس

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 NASA Biografie (englisch)
 JSC Oral History Project: Niederschrift eines NASA-Interviews von 1999,(englisch)
 NASA Images

أبولو 8
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من توسان (أريزونا)
أشخاص من غاري (إنديانا)
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في القرن 20
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير الطيران الوطني
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير رواد الفضاء بالولايات المتحدة
أفراد عسكريون من توسان (أريزونا)
أمريكيون من أصل ألماني
الخطوط الجوية الشرقية
حائزون على صليب الطيران المتميز (الولايات المتحدة)
حاصلون على ميدالية الخدمة المتميزة لناسا
حاصلون على وسام ناسا للخدمة الاستثنائية
خريجو الأكاديمية العسكرية الأمريكية
خريجو كلية تدريب الطيارين الاختباريين الأمريكية
خريجو معهد كاليفورنيا للتقنية
رحلات الفضاء في 1965
رحلات الفضاء في 1968
رواد فضاء أمريكيون
رؤساء تنفيذيون أمريكيون
شخصية العام حسب مجلة تايم
طيارو اختبار أمريكيون
طيارون من إنديانا
كتاب سيرة ذاتية أمريكيون
مهندسو فضاء أمريكيون
مهندسون من إنديانا
مواليد 1928
مواليد في غاري (إنديانا)
رؤساء عمليات أمريكيون

فرانك بورمان


Doğucak, Tunceli ilinin Mazgirt ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski ismi "Hülüman" olup 1960 yılı nüfus sayımından itibaren Doğucak adıyla kayıtlarda yer almaktadır.

Coğrafya
Tunceli iline 70 km, Mazgirt ilçesine 38 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Mazgirt belde ve köyleri

Doğucak, Mazgirt


Les nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds (ou ganglions lymphatiques cervicaux profonds) sont les ganglions lymphatiques situés dans le cou le long de la veine jugulaire interne.

Description
Les nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds se trouvent dans la gaine carotidienne à proximité de la veine jugulaire interne. Ils sont connectés en haut aux vaisseaux lymphatiques méningés.

Les ganglions lymphatiques cervicaux profonds peuvent être divisés nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds supérieurs et inférieurs et en nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds inférieurs.

Les nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds supérieurs comprennent un nœud lymphatique jugulo-digastrique, un nœud lymphatique profond supérieur latéral et un nœud lymphatique profond supérieur et antérieur.

Les nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds inférieurs comprennent un nœud lymphatique jugulo-omohyoïdien, un nœud lymphatique profond inférieur latéral et des nœuds lymphatiques profonds inférieurs et antérieurs.

Zone de drainage
Les nœuds lymphatiques cervicaux latéraux profonds drainent de nombreuses zones de la tête notamment le pharynx, la bouche et les méninges.

Notes et références

Anatomie du système lymphatique

Nœud lymphatique cervical latéral profond


Argos sözcüğü ile aşağıdakilerden herhangi biri kastedilmiş olabilir:

Yunanistan
 Argos, Yunanistan'ın güneyinde Mora Yarımadası'nda yer alan bir kent.

Yunan mitolojisi
 Argos (mitoloji), Zeus ve Niobe'nin oğlu,
 Argos (köpek), Odysseus'un sadık köpeği,
 Argos Panoptis, İo'yu koruyan 100 gözlü canavar,
 Argos, İason ve Midia'nın oğlu,
 Argos, Argonotların üzerinde yolculuk ettiği Argo adlı geminin yapımcısı.

Argos (anlam ayrımı)


Ahmet Cömert Spor Salonu, İstanbul Ataköy'de bulunan spor salonudur.

1999 yılında Olimpiyat tesisleri içinde kuruldu. İstanbul Gençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüğü'ne bağlı salon 2.200 seyirci kapasiteli ve 150 araçlık otoparka sahiptir. Salonda birçok farklı spor müsabakasının yanı sıra Basketbol Süper Ligi maçlarını da yapmaktadır. 2005 yılından beri Galatasaray Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Takımı maçlarına, 2017 yılından itibaren ise Galatasaray Kadın Basketbol Takımı ve Galatasaray Genç Erkek Basketbol Takımı maçlarına da ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.

Ahmet Cömert Spor Salonu, 2021 yılında yenileme çalışmaları kapsamında kapanmış ve tadilata girmiş olup, Ocak 2023 itibarıyla tekrardan kullanıma açılmıştır.

Ulaşım
Ahmet Cömert Spor Salonu'na M1A Yenikapı - Atatürk Havaalanı, Marmaray ve Metrobüs hattı ile ulaşılabilir. Ayrıca 73Y Kuyumcukent - Yeşilköy - Akvaryum ve MR20 Yenibosna Metro - Kazlıçesme hatları da geçmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 İstanbul Gençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüğü resmî sitesindeki profili

İstanbul'daki spor salonları
Bakırköy'deki spor salonları
Galatasaray SK tesisleri
Türkiye'deki basketbol salonları
1998'de Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar
1999'da tamamlanan spor mekânları

Ahmet Cömert Spor Salonu


Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán, Marqués de Leganés (* 1580; † 1655) war ein spanischer Politiker und Feldherr sowie ein bedeutender Kunstsammler und Mäzen.

Leben

Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán war der vierte und damit jüngste Sohn von Diego Velázquez Dávila y Bracamonte, Marqués de Loriana und Leonor de Guzmán, der Tante von Gaspar de Guzmán, Conde de Olivares. Bereits in seiner Jugend war er Page im Haushalt von Erzherzog Albrecht VII. von Habsburg. Auch danach blieb er im Dienst des Landesfürsten der Spanischen Niederlande und war zwischen 1600 und 1609 an den Kampfhandlungen des Achtzigjährigen Krieges beteiligt. Nach dessen Tod im Jahr 1621 kehrte Diego Mexía nach Spanien zurück, wo Philipp IV. kurz zuvor den Thron bestiegen hatte. Dort war sein Cousin Gaspar de Guzmán Minister und ermöglichte ihm den Aufstieg zu einer einflussreichen Persönlichkeit. 1622 war er kurze Zeit wieder in den Spanischen Niederlanden bei der Belagerung und Kapitulation Jülichs zugegen, kehrte dann jedoch schnell wieder nach Madrid zurück. Dort hatte er einige wichtige politische Positionen inne. So war er Mitglied im Kriegsrat, im Rat für innere Angelegenheiten und im Rat für die Niederlande. Daneben war er auch weiterhin in militärischen Positionen tätig. So 1625 wurde Diego Mexía zum Marschall der kastilischen Truppen ernannt und hatte Anteil an der Sicherung von Cádiz gegen den englischen Angriff im selben Jahr. 1627 wurde er zum Marqués de Leganés ernannt. Mit diesem Titel war ein erhebliches Einkommen verbunden. Im selben Jahr heiratete Diego Mexía die Tochter des Generals Ambrosio Spinola, Polixena Spinola. Die Mitgift betrug 200.000 Dukaten (2.200.000 Reales). Mit dieser familiären Verbindung wie auch der zu seinem Cousin im Rücken stieg Diego Mexía zu einem der reichsten und einflussreichsten Adeligen am Hof auf.

1627 wurde Diego Mexía erneut nach Flandern entsandt, um in den Generalstaaten die Unión de Armas und die Finanzierung von 12.000 weiteren Soldaten durchzusetzen. Auf seinem Rückweg besuchte er gemeinsam mit General Spinola die Belagerung von La Rochelle. In der Folge erhielt er weitere politische und militärische Aufträge und Positionen in den Spanischen Niederlanden, in denen er sich bewährte, weshalb ihm 1634 der Titel eines Granden verliehen wurde. Am 24. September 1635 wurde Diego Mexía zum Kapitän-General und Gouverneur des Herzogtum Mailand ernannt. In dieser Position kämpfte er im Französisch-Spanischen Krieg der Jahre 1635 bis 1659. Er besiegte den Herzog von Parma, Odoardo I. Farnese, und zwang ihn einen Friedensvertrag zu unterzeichnen. Zudem konnte Diego Mexía einige Siege gegen Savoyen erringen und hielt die Franzosen davon ab, das Veltlin einzunehmen. 1639 führte er eine Offensive gegen das Piemont, die zunächst erfolgreich verlief, bis er in der Nähe von Casale Monferrato eine schwere Niederlage einstecken musste. Seine Belagerung von Turin im Jahr 1640 schlug fehl.

1641 wurde Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán nach Spanien zurückbeordert. Dort erhielt er das Kommando über die katalanische Armee, um im Guerra dels Segadors die aufständischen Katalanen und die sie unterstützenden französischen Truppen zurückzuschlagen. Er besiegte zwar Tarragona, in der Schlacht von Lleida 1642 unterlag er jedoch. Diese Niederlage ließ den Marqués de Leganés bei Hofe in Ungnade fallen. Erst 1645 wurde er wieder rehabilitiert. Er erhielt von 1645 bis 1647 den Titel des Vizekönigs von Katalonien. In diese Zeit fiel die erfolgreiche Verteidigung von Lleida im Jahr 1646. Danach verbrachte er seine letzten Lebensjahre in Italien, wo er der Vorsitzende des italienischen Rates war.

Kunstsammlung

Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán, der Marqués de Leganés, besaß eine der umfangreichsten und bedeutendsten Kunstsammlungen im Europa seiner Zeit. Zu seinem Tod 1655 umfasste sie 1300 Gemälde. Diese befanden sich in seinem Madrider Palast, in dem er auch Skulpturen, Tapisserien, Kunsthandwerk und wissenschaftliche Instrumente sammelte. 1632 erwarb Diego Mexía das Dorf Morata de Tajuña und ließ dort große Gärten anlegen und ein Landhaus errichten, in dem er ebenfalls Teile seiner Sammlung unterbrachte. Zudem besaß er eine Villa elf Kilometer außerhalb von Madrid, die auch Gemälde beherbergte. Seine Sammlung ist über umfangreiche Inventare nachvollziehbar. Ein erstes, kurzes Inventar stammt aus dem Jahr 1630. Es umfasste nur 17 Gemälde, die nur einen Bruchteil seiner damaligen Sammlung ausmachten. Elf der so verzeichneten Gemälde stammten von Tizian, die weiteren von Antonio da Correggio, Raffael, Quentin Massys, Peter Paul Rubens und Hans Holbein dem Jüngeren.

1642 wurde ein zweites Inventar angefertigt, das nun 1149 Gemälde umfasste. Das Inventar zu seinem Tod 1650 unterschied sich von den meisten dadurch, dass es bereits zu Lebzeiten angefertigt wurde und nicht erst nach dem Tod von einem Maler, der die Räumlichkeiten besichtigte. Deshalb sind auch weit bessere Erkenntnisse über die Sammlung des Marqués de Leganés verfügbar als über vergleichbare Sammlungen dieser Zeit. Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán hatte persönlichen Kontakt zu Rubens und besaß 33 seiner Gemälde, darunter auch ein Porträt seiner selbst. Daneben besaß er weitere flämische Gemälde etwa von Clara Peeters, Jan Brueghel dem Älteren und Daniel Seghers. In der Sammlung befanden sich zudem 58 Gemälde von Frans Snyders. Ebenso gehörten dem Marqués niederländische Gemälde von Pieter Claesz, Willem Claesz. Heda und Floris van Dyck, die nicht so häufig Bestandteil spanischer Sammlungen waren. Unter den italienischen Gemälden des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts waren Werke von Panfilo Nuvolone und Giovanna Garzoni neben der großen Namen wie Tizian und Raffael vertreten. Darüber hinaus besaß Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán viele spanische Gemälde, darunter 15 von Jusepe de Ribera, neun oder mehr von Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez und 18 von Juan van der Hamen y León, von dem er wahrscheinlich die größte Sammlung besaß.

Literatur
 William B. Jordan: Juan van der Hamen y León & The Court of Madrid. Yale University Press, New Haven 2005. ISBN 0-300-11318-8.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Person im Achtzigjährigen Krieg
Militärperson (Spanien)
Kunstmäzen
Kunstsammler
!
Geboren 1580
Gestorben 1655
Mann

Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán


زجاج وود تم تطويره بواسطة العالم روبرت وليامز وود (1868–1955) كمرشح ضوء استخدم بالاتصالات خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى. وتعمل تقنية وود للإشعاع المخفي في كلا من تحت الحمراء خلال الاتصالات النهارية، وفوق بنفسجية للاتصالات الليلية. حيث يزيح مرشح الزجاج العناصر المرئية من حزمة الضوء ويترك الضوء غير المرئي كحزمة إشارة. ويستخدم هذا الزجاج بشكل واسع لتشكيل الإطر لومضان ووهج مصابيح فوق البنفسجية أو (الإضاءة المعتمة).

يتكون زجاج وود من باريوم - صوديوم - سليكات الزجاج وتضم حوالي 9% أكسيد نيكل. وهو زجاج أزرق - بنفسجي غامق جدا، ولا ينفذ بها إشعاع الطيف المرئي فيما عدا الحمراء الطويلة والبنفسجي القصير. وهي شفافة بشكل جلي للحزمة البنفسجية وفوق البنفسجية أي ما بين 320 - 400 نانومتر، وإلى حد ما حزمة كبيرة من تحت الحمراء وما فوقها من الموجات الحمراء المرئية الضعيفة.

الفلتر الفوتوغرافي من نوع كوداك ذات الترقيم راتن 18A تستند على زجاج وود.

زجاج وود له قوة ميكانيكية أضعف من الزجاج العادي ولكن له تمدد حراري أعلى، مما يجعلها أكثر عرضة للصدمات الحرارية والتلف الميكانيكي. وتتفاعل أكاسيد النيكل والباريوم كيميائيا مع الميل البطيء لتشكيل طبقة من الهيدروكسيد والكربونات عند اتصالها برطوبة الجو وثاني أكسيد الكربون. قابلية التأثير للصدمة الحرارية رفع من كلفة وصعوبة اقفال تلك المصابيح عند المصنعون، لذلك فمعظم مصابيح زجاج وود المعاصرة يكون زجاجها من الناحية الهيكلية أكثر ملاءمة، مع وجود طبقة طلاء على السطح لترشيح الأشعة فوق البنفسجية; بيد أن هذه المصابيح تمرر ضوء مرئي أكثر فتبدو للعين أكثر لمعانا. وبسبب الصعوبات الصناعية، فإن زجاج وود يستخدم بشكل عام كمرشح مسطح أو مقبب الشكل، بدلا من استخدامه كمصباح. المصابيح المصنوعة من زجاج وود قد تكون لها خطورة بالمقارنة مع قريناتها المصنوعة من الزجاج المطلي، حيث يكون الناتج هو تقليل الضوء المرئي فيسهل على الملاحظ تعريض نفسه إلى مستويات غير آمنة من الإشعاع فوق البنفسجي حيث أن المصدر يبدو أقل لمعانا. ومع الفترات التعرض الطويلة للأشعاع فوق البنفسجي، سيخضع زجاج وود لحالة التشمس، وبالتدريج سوف يفقد شفافيته للأشعة فوق البنفسجية.

انظر أيضا
 مصباح وود

المصادر

 R.W. Wood. "Secret communications concerning light rays". Journal of Physiology 1919, 5e serie: t IX
 J. Margarot & P. Deveze. "Aspect de quelques dermatoses lumiere ultraparaviolette. Note preliminaire". Bulletin de la Société des sciences médicales et biologiques de Montpellier 1925, 6: 375–378.
 Robin Williams & Gigi Williams. "Pioneers of Invisible Radiation Photography"

أنواع الزجاج حسب التركيب
أنواع الزجاج حسب العلامة التجارية
اختراعات أمريكية
بصريات
مرشحات ضوئية

زجاج وود


Madeley may refer to:

Places
 Madeley, Shropshire, a town, now part of the new town of Telford
 Madeley, Staffordshire, near Newcastle-under-Lyme
 Madeley, Western Australia,  a suburb of Perth, Australia

Other uses
 Madeley (surname)
 Madeley Wood Company, company
 Madeley Old Manor, medieval manor
 Madeley Old Hall, historic building
 Madeley High School

See also
 Madeley railway station (disambiguation), for all stations named Madeley
 Madely (disambiguation)
 Madley

Madeley


بَرْجَة  هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة المرية. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 14.249 نسمة.

أعلام
 سالفا سيفييا

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
  (بالإسبانية)

أماكن مأهولة في المرية
بلديات المرية

برجة (المرية)


A synchronous electric motor is an AC electric motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors use electromagnets as the stator of the motor which create a magnetic field that rotates in time with the oscillations of the current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate and as a result, provides the second synchronized rotating magnet field. A synchronous motor is termed doubly fed if it is supplied with independently excited multiphase AC electromagnets on both the rotor and stator.

Synchronous and induction motors are the most widely used AC motors. Synchronous motors rotate at a rate locked to the line frequency since they do not rely on induction to produce the rotor's magnetic field. Induction motors require slip: the rotor must rotate at a frequency slightly slower than the AC alternations in order to induce current in the rotor.

Small synchronous motors are used in timing applications such as in synchronous clocks, timers in appliances, tape recorders and precision servomechanisms in which the motor must operate at a precise speed; accuracy depends on the power line frequency, which is carefully controlled in large interconnected grid systems.

Synchronous motors are available in self-excited, fractional to industrial sizes. In the fractional horsepower range, most synchronous motors are used to provide precise constant speed. These machines are commonly used in analog electric clocks, timers and related devices.

In typical industrial sizes, the synchronous motor provides an efficient means of converting AC energy to work (electrical efficiency above 95% is normal for larger sizes) and it can operate at leading or unity power factor and thereby provide power-factor correction.

Types
Synchronous motors fall under the category of synchronous machines that also includes synchronous generators. Generator action occurs if the field poles are "driven ahead of the resultant air-gap flux by the forward motion of the prime mover". Motor action occurs if the field poles are "dragged behind the resultant air-gap flux by the retarding torque of a shaft load".

The two major types of synchronous motors distinguished by how the rotor is magnetized: non-excited and direct-current excited.

Non-excited

In non-excited motors, the rotor is made of steel. It rotates in step with the stator's rotating magnetic field, so it has an almost-constant magnetic field through it. The external stator field magnetizes the rotor, inducing the magnetic poles needed to turn it. The rotor is made of a high-retentivity steel such as cobalt steel. These are manufactured in permanent magnet, reluctance and hysteresis designs:

Permanent-magnet

A permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) uses permanent magnets embedded in the rotor to create a constant magnetic field. The stator carries windings connected to an AC electricity supply to produce a rotating magnetic field (as in an asynchronous motor). At synchronous speed the rotor poles lock to the rotating magnetic field. PMSMs are similar to brushless DC motors. Neodymium magnets are the most common, although rapid fluctuation of neodymium magnet prices triggered research in ferrite magnets. Due to inherent characteristics of ferrite magnets, the magnetic circuit of these machines needs to be able to concentrate the magnetic flux, typically leading to the use of spoke type rotors. Machines that use ferrite magnets have lower power density and torque density when compared with neodymium machines.

PMSMs have been used as gearless elevator motors since 2000.

Most PMSMs require a variable-frequency drive to start them. However, some incorporate a squirrel cage in the rotor for starting—these are known as line-start or self-starting. These are typically used as higher-efficiency replacements for induction motors (owing to the lack of slip), but must ensure that synchronous speed is reached and that the system can withstand torque ripple during starting.

PMSMs are typically controlled using direct torque control and field oriented control.

Reluctance

Reluctance motors have a solid steel cast rotor with projecting (salient) toothed poles. Typically there are fewer rotor than stator poles to minimize torque ripple and to prevent the poles from all aligning simultaneously—a position that cannot generate torque. The size of the air gap in the magnetic circuit and thus the reluctance is minimum when the poles align with the stator's (rotating) magnetic field, and increases with the angle between them. This creates torque that pulls the rotor into alignment with the nearest pole of the stator field. At synchronous speed the rotor is thus "locked" to the rotating stator field. This cannot start the motor, so the rotor poles usually have squirrel-cage windings embedded in them, to provide torque below synchronous speed. The machine thus starts as an induction motor until it approaches synchronous speed, when the rotor "pulls in" and locks to the stator field.

Reluctance motor designs have ratings that range from fractional horsepower (a few watts) to about . Small reluctance motors have low torque, and are generally used for instrumentation applications. Moderate torque, multi-horsepower motors use squirrel cage construction with toothed rotors. When used with an adjustable frequency power supply, all motors in a drive system can operate at exactly the same speed. The power supply frequency determines motor operating speed.

Hysteresis
Hysteresis motors have a solid, smooth, cylindrical rotor, cast of a high coercivity magnetically "hard" cobalt steel. This material has a wide hysteresis loop (high coercivity), meaning once it is magnetized in a given direction, it requires a high magnetic field to reverse the magnetization. The rotating stator field causes each small volume of the rotor to experience a reversing magnetic field. Because of hysteresis the phase of the magnetization lags behind the phase of the applied field. Thus the axis of the magnetic field induced in the rotor lags behind the axis of the stator field by a constant angle δ, producing torque as the rotor tries to "catch up" with the stator field. As long as the rotor is below synchronous speed, each particle of the rotor experiences a reversing magnetic field at the "slip" frequency that drives it around its hysteresis loop, causing the rotor field to lag and create torque. The rotor has a 2-pole low reluctance bar structure. As the rotor approaches synchronous speed and slip goes to zero, this magnetizes and aligns with the stator field, causing the rotor to "lock" to the rotating stator field.

A major advantage of the hysteresis motor is that since the lag angle δ is independent of speed, it develops constant torque from startup to synchronous speed. Therefore, it is self-starting and doesn't need an induction winding to start it, although many designs embed a squirrel-cage conductive winding structure in the rotor to provide extra torque at start-up.

Hysteresis motors are manufactured in sub-fractional horsepower ratings, primarily as servomotors and timing motors. More expensive than the reluctance type, hysteresis motors are used where precise constant speed is required.

Externally excited motors

Usually made in larger sizes (larger than about 1 horsepower or 1 kilowatt) these motors require direct current (DC) to turn (excite) the rotor. This is most straightforwardly supplied through slip rings.

A brushless AC induction and rectifier arrangement can also be used.

The power may be supplied from a separate source or from a generator directly connected to the motor shaft.

Control techniques
A permanent magnet synchronous motor and reluctance motor requires a control system for operating (VFD or servo drive).

There is a large number of control methods for synchronous machines, selected depending on the construction of the electric motor and the scope.

Control methods can be divided into:
 Scalar control
 V/f control
 Vector control
 Field oriented control
 Direct torque control, a variant of VC
 Feedback linearization
 Passivity based control

The PMSMs can also operate on open-loop control, which is sometimes used for start-up thus enabling the position sensing operation.

Synchronous speed
The synchronous speed of a synchronous motor is given:
in RPM, by:

and in rad·s−1, by:

where:
  is the frequency of the AC supply current in Hz,
  is the number of magnetic poles,
  is the number of pole pairs (rarely, planes of commutation), .

Examples
A single-phase, 4-pole (2-pole-pair) synchronous motor is operating at an AC supply frequency of 50 Hz. The number of pole-pairs is 2, so
the synchronous speed is:

A three-phase, 12-pole (6-pole-pair) synchronous motor is operating at an AC supply frequency of 60 Hz. The number of pole-pairs is 6, so the synchronous speed is:

The number of magnetic poles, , is equal to the number of coil groups per phase. To determine the number of coil groups per phase in a 3-phase motor, count the number of coils, divide by the number of phases, which is 3. The coils may span several slots in the stator core, making it tedious to count them. For a 3-phase motor, if you count a total of 12 coil groups, it has 4 magnetic poles. For a 12-pole 3-phase machine, there will be 36 coils. The number of magnetic poles in the rotor is equal to the number of magnetic poles in the stator.

Construction

The principal components of electric motors are the stator and the rotor. Synchronous motor and induction motor stators are similar in construction. The construction of synchronous motor is similar to that of a synchronous alternator.The stator frame contains wrapper plate (except for wound-rotor synchronous doubly fed electric machines). Circumferential ribs and keybars are attached to the wrapper plate. To carry the weight of the machine, frame mounts and footings are required. The synchronous stator winding consists of a 3 phase winding. It is provided with a 3 phase supply, and the rotor is provided with a DC supply.

DC excited motors require brushes and slip rings to connect to the excitation supply. The field winding can be excited by a brushless exciter. Cylindrical, round rotors, (also known as non-salient pole rotor) are used for up to six poles.

In some machines or when a large number of poles are needed, a salient pole rotor is used.

Most synchronous motor construction uses a stationary armature and rotating field winding. This type of construction has an advantage over DC motor type where the armature used is of rotating type.

Operation
Electric motors generate power due to the interaction of the magnetic fields of the stator and the rotor. In synchronous motors, the stator carries 3 phase currents and produces 3 phase rotating magnetic flux (and therefore a rotating magnetic field). The rotor eventually locks in with the rotating magnetic field and rotates along with it. Once the rotor field locks in with the rotating magnetic field, the motor is said to be synched. A single-phase (or two-phase derived from single phase) stator is possible, but in this case the direction of rotation is not defined and the machine may start in either direction unless prevented from doing so by startup arrangements.

Amortisseur winding

Once the motor is in operation, the speed of the motor is dependent only on the supply frequency. When the motor load is increased beyond the breakdown load, the motor falls out of synchronization and the rotor no longer follows the rotating magnetic field.

Since the motor cannot produce torque if it falls out of synchronization, practical synchronous motors have a partial or complete squirrel-cage damper called an amortisseur winding to stabilize operation and facilitate starting.

Because this winding is smaller than that of an equivalent induction motor and can overheat on long operation, and because large slip-frequency voltages are induced in the rotor excitation winding, synchronous motor protection devices sense this condition and interrupt the power supply (out of step protection).

Starting methods
Above a certain size, synchronous motors cannot self-start. This property is due to rotor inertia; it cannot instantly follow the rotation of the stator's magnetic field. Since a synchronous motor produces no inherent average torque at standstill, it cannot accelerate to synchronous speed without a supplemental mechanism.

Large motors operating on commercial power include a squirrel-cage induction winding that provides sufficient torque for acceleration and also serves to damp motor speed oscillations. Once the rotor nears the synchronous speed, the field winding becomes excited and the motor pulls into synchronization. Very large motor systems may include a "pony" motor that accelerates the unloaded synchronous machine before load is applied. Electronically controlled motors can be accelerated from zero speed by changing the frequency of the stator current.

Small synchronous motors are commonly used in line-powered electric mechanical clocks or timers that use the power line frequency to run the gear mechanism at the correct speed. Such small synchronous motors are able to start without assistance if the moment of inertia of the rotor and its mechanical load are sufficiently small. The motor accelerates from slip speed to synchronous speed during an accelerating half cycle of the reluctance torque. Single-phase synchronous motors such as in electric wall clocks can freely rotate in either direction, unlike a shaded-pole type.

Costs are an important parameter for starters. Rotor excitation is a possible way to resolve the issue. In addition, starting methods for large synchronous machines include repetitive polarity inversion of the rotor poles during startup.

Applications, special properties, and advantages

Use as synchronous condenser

By varying the excitation of a synchronous motor, it can be made to operate at lagging, leading and unity power factor. Excitation at which the power factor is unity is termed normal excitation voltage. The magnitude of current at this excitation is minimum. Excitation voltage more than normal excitation is called over excitation voltage, excitation voltage less than normal excitation is called under excitation. When the motor is over excited, the back emf will be greater than the motor terminal voltage. This causes a demagnetizing effect due to armature reaction.

The V curve of a synchronous machine shows armature current as a function of field current. With increasing field current armature current at first decreases, then reaches a minimum, then increases. The minimum point is also the point at which power factor is unity.

This ability to selectively control power factor can be exploited for power factor correction of the power system to which the motor is connected. Since most power systems of any significant size have a net lagging power factor, the presence of overexcited synchronous motors moves the system's net power factor closer to unity, improving efficiency. Such power-factor correction is usually a side effect of motors already present in the system to provide mechanical work, although motors can be run without mechanical load simply to provide power-factor correction. In large industrial plants such as factories the interaction between synchronous motors and other, lagging, loads may be an explicit consideration in the plant's electrical design.

Steady-state stability limit

where,
 is the torque
 is the torque angle
 is the maximum torque

here,

When load is applied, torque angle  increases. When  = 90° the torque will be maximum. If load is applied further then the motor will lose its synchronism, since motor torque will be less than load torque. The maximum load torque that can be applied to a motor without losing its synchronism is called steady state stability limit of a synchronous motor.

Other
Synchronous motors are especially useful in applications requiring precise speed or position control:
 Speed is independent of the load over the operating range of the motor.
 Speed and position may be accurately controlled using open loop controls (e.g. stepper motors).
 Low-power applications include positioning machines, where high precision is required, and robot actuators.
 They will hold their position when a DC current is applied to both the stator and the rotor windings.
 A clock driven by a synchronous motor is in principle as accurate as the line frequency of its power source. (Although small frequency drifts will occur over any given several hours, grid operators actively adjust line frequency in later periods to compensate, thereby keeping motor-driven clocks accurate; see .)
 Record player turntables
 Increased efficiency in low-speed applications (e.g. ball mills).

Subtypes

 Stepper motor (may be synchronous or not)
 Synchronous brushless wound-rotor doubly-fed electric machine

See also
 Clock drive
 Doubly fed electric machine
 Short circuit ratio (synchronous generator)

References

Sources

External links

 Synchronous motor animation

Electric motors
Synchronous machines

Synchronous motor


An Sobralia crocea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eduard Friedrich Poeppig ngan Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Sobralia crocea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sobralia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sobralia

Sobralia crocea


The Bear Inn (eller blot "The Bear") er en af de ældste pubs i Oxford, England, der kan dateres tilbage til 1242. Den nuværende bygning er fra 1600-tallet og den ligger på hjørnet Alfred Street og Blue Boar Street, overfor Bear Lane i Oxford centrum, umiddelbart nord for Christ Church.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 The Bear Inn website
 Pathe News footage of The Bear from 1953
 Pathe News footage of The Bear from 1955

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i England
Oxford
Etableret i 1242
Pubber i Storbritannien

Bear Inn


An Carex depressa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Friedrich Link. An Carex depressa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. d. basilaris
 C. d. depressa
 C. d. transsilvanica

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex depressa


O fotopletismogramă (FPG) este o măsurătoare volumetrică a unui organ obținută optic. O FPG este adesea obținută prin utilizarea unui pulsoximetru care iluminează pielea și măsoară modificările în absorbția luminii. Un pulsoximetru convențional monitorizează perfuzia sângelui la nivelul dermei și țesutului subcutanat al pielii.

La fiecare ciclu cardiac, inima pompează sânge spre periferie. Cu toate că această presiune de puls este parțial amortizată până când ajunge la piele, este suficientă pentru a dilata arterele și arteriolele din țesutul subcutanat. Dacă pulsoximetrul este atașat fără a apăsa pe piele, o presiune de puls poate fi observată și din plexul venos, ca un mic vârf secundar.

Schimbarea în volum cauzată de presiunea pulsului este detectată prin iluminarea pielii cu o diodă emițătoare de lumină (LED) și apoi măsurarea cantității de lumină fie transmisă sau reflectată către o fotodiodă. Fiecare ciclu cardiac apare ca un vârf, așa cum se observă în figura alăturată. Deoarece fluxul de sânge la nivelul pielii este influențat de mai mulți factori fiziologici, FPG poate fi folosită pentru a monitoriza respirația, hipovolemia și alte condiții ale sistemului circulator. În plus, forma undei FPG diferă de la individ la individ și variază în funcție de locul și modul în care pulsoximetrul este atașat.

Locuri pentru măsurarea FPG

Deși pulsoximetrul este un dispozitiv medical frecvent utilizat, FPG este rareori afișată, fiind doar prelucrată pentru a determina frecvența cardiacă.

În ambulatoriu, pulsoximetrele sunt de obicei purtate pe deget. Cu toate acestea, în cazurile de șoc, hipotermie etc., fluxul sanguin la periferie poate fi redus, rezultând într-o FPG fără puls cardiac perceptibil. În acest caz, o FPG corectă poate fi obținută de la un pulsoximetru utilizat pe cap, cu cele mai frecvente locuri de amplasare fiind urechea, septul nazal și fruntea. FPG poate fi configurată și ca fotopletismografie multisit (MFPG), ca de exemplu efectuarea de măsuratori simultane pe urechea dreaptă și stângă sau degetele arătător de la mână și mare de la picior, oferind oportunități suplimentare pentru evaluarea pacienților cu suspiciune de boală arterială periferică, disfuncție autonomă, disfuncție endotelială și rigiditate arterială. MFPG oferă un potențial semnificativ pentru data mining și deep learning, precum și alte tehnici de analiză ale undei de puls.

FPG pot fi obținute și de la următoarele organe:

 vagin (fotopletismograf vaginal)
 clitoris (fotopletismograf clitoridian)
 esofag

Artefactele cauzate de mișcare sunt un factor cunoscut care limitează măsurarea corectă în timpul sportului și în afara laboratorului.

Fotopletismograf
Un fotopletismograf este un dispozitiv optic folosit pentru a obține o măsurare volumetrică a unui organ.

Referințe

Analize medicale
Cardiologie

Fotopletismogramă


بلدية سوبيراتس (بالكاتالانية: Subirats) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 3.008 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

أعلام
 ريموندو مارتيني

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة

سبيراتيس


Qui à part nous () est un film espagnol réalisé par Jonás Trueba et sorti en 2021.

Synopsis

Le film suit un groupe d'adolescents madrilènes pendant cinq ans.

Fiche technique

 Titre : Qui à part nous
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Jonás Trueba
 Scénario : Jonás Trueba
 Photographie : Jonás Trueba
 Montage : Marta Velasco
 Musique : Rafael Berrio, Andrei Mazga, Victor Perales, Pablo Gavira et Albert González
 Son : Alex Marais, Eduardo Castro et Pablo Rivas Leyva
 Société de production : Los Ilusos Films
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : espagnol
 Genre : documentaire
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
 Espagne :  (Festival international du film de Saint-Sébastien)
 France :

Distribution
 Pablo Gavira
 Pablo Hoyos
 Clàudia Navarro
 Candela Recio
 Sílvia Águila

Accueil

Critique
En France, le site Allociné recense une moyenne des critiques presse de 3,4/5.

Distinctions

Récompenses
 Prix de la FIPRESCI au Festival international du film de Saint-Sébastien 2021
 Goyas 2022 : meilleur film documentaire

Nomination
 Prix Platino 2022 : meilleur film documentaire

Sélections
 Festival du cinéma espagnol de Nantes 2022
 Festival Cinéma du réel 2022
 Festival international du film de La Rochelle 2022 (dans le cadre d'un hommage au réalisateur)

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Victor Courgeon, So Film, , ,
 Marcos Uzal, Cahiers du cinéma, , ,
 Mathieu Macheret, « Qui à part nous : la république des jeunes de Jonas Trueba », Le Monde, 20 avril 2022

Liens externes

 Présentation du film sur le site de Cinéma du réel
 Entretien avec Jonás Trueba sur Sofilm

Film espagnol sorti en 2021
Film documentaire espagnol
Film documentaire sur l'adolescence
Film réalisé par Jonás Trueba
Film se déroulant à Madrid
Film tourné à Madrid

Qui à part nous


جامعة يلدز التقنية  هي جامعة تقنية للعلوم الهندسية، وهي أحد أبرز الجامعات في إسطنبول بتركيا. يقع الحرم الجامعي المركزي في بشكطاش  إحدى بلديات مدينة إسطنبول. يبلغ عدد طلاب الجامعة حوالي 21 ألف طالب، وتضم 10 كليات  ومعهدين  و 3 مدارس مهنية ، حيث تحتوي الكليات على 33 قسماً، وتقدم برامج الماجستير والدكتوراه. يضاف إلى ذلك وجود كليتين للدراسات المهنية واللغات الأجنبية.

تأسست الجامعة عام 1911 حيث أنشأت ضمن ملحقات قصر يلدز.

التسمية
كلمة يلدز باللغة التركية تعني نجمة، وقد جاء من ذلك شعار الجامعة: «النجمة المشعة أبداً».

التاريخ
جامعة يلدز التقنية لها تاريخ مميز يعود إلى عام 1911م، حيث تطورت عبر أكثر من مئة عام.

مدرسة المراقبين للتعليم العالي 1911-1922
تأسست الجامعة في البداية تحت اسم «مدرسة المراقبين للتعليم العالي»  من أجل تلبية الاحتياج للفنيين في قسم الأشغال العامة بالبلدية. كانت مهنة «موظف فني» تُعرف سابقاً باسم «مراقب» ، والآن أصبحت تُعرف باسم «فني» (technician). وُضعت مناهج المدرسة على غرار منهج «مدرسة المراقبين» (Ecole de Conducteur) في باريس، وكانت تابعة لوزارة الأشغال العامة بتركيا في هذا الوقت.

مدرسة الأشغال العامة 1922-1937
في عام 1922، تم تغيير اسم المدرسة إلى«مدرسة الأشغال العامة» . زادت مدة التعليم إلى سنتين ونصف في عام 1926، ثم زادت إلى ثلاث سنوات في عام 1931.

وفي أعقاب الزيادة في المرافق العامة والاحتياج المتزايد للخدمات الفنية، أُمر بإغلاق «مدرسة الأشغال العامة» وإنشاء مدرسة فنية لتزويد القوى العاملة بالموظفين الفنيين والمهندسين المهنيين. وقدمت المدرسة برنامجا مدته سنتان للموظفين الفنيين وبرنامجا مدته أربع سنوات للمهندسين. تم منح مباني المدرسة الجديدة من ملحقات قصر يلدز العثماني، والتي لا تزال قيد الاستخدام اليوم.

مدرسة إسطنبول التقنية 1937-1969
في الفترة المبكرة، تألفت المدرسة من أقسام مدنية وميكانيكية، وتم تعليم الطلاب كموظفين فنيين ومهندسين. بدءا من الفصل الدراسي 1942-1943، أضيفت الإدارات الكهربائية والمعمارية كجزء من قسم الهندسة.

في العام الدراسي 1949-1950 افتتح قسم الخرائط والهندسة المساحية، ولكنه أغلق في العام الدراسي 1951-1952.

في العام الدراسي 1959-1960، تم افتتاح قسم متخصص في كلية إسطنبول التقنية وبعد عام من الدراسة، تم منح شهادات عليا للهندسة والهندسة المعمارية.

أكاديمية إسطنبول الحكومية للهندسة والعمارة 1969-1982
تأسست المدرسة كمؤسسة مستقلة للتعليم العالي والبحث في عام 1969.

في عام 1971 صدر قانون بإغلاق المدارس المهنية الخاصة، فأصبحت مدارس الهندسة تابعة لأكاديمية إسطنبول للهندسة والعمارة.

جامعة يلدز 1982-1992
تأسست جامعة يلدز بمرسوم رقم 41 المؤرخ في يوليو 1982.

تكونت الجامعة التي أنشئت حديثا من أقسام العلوم، والأدب، والهندسة، والمدرسة المهنية في مدينة قوجا، ومعهد العلوم، ومعهد العلوم الاجتماعية واللغات الأجنبية التابعة للمديرية، وتاريخ مبادئ أتاتورك وتاريخ الثورة، واللغة التركية، والتربية البدنية والفنون الجميلة.

جامعة يلدز التقنية 1992-
تغير اسم الجامعة إلى جامعة يلدز التقنية بموجب القانون رقم 3837 المؤرخ 3 يوليه 1992؛ وتم إنشاء كليات الهندسة والكهرباء والإلكترونيات والبناء والكيمياء الميكانيكية والكيميائية، وكذلك كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية. تم فصل وتنظيم «كلية كوجيلي للهندسة» و «المدرسة المهنية العليا بكوجيلي» تحت اسم جامعة كوجيلي.

واليوم، تواصل الجامعة التعليم مع 10 كليات، ومعهدين، ومدرسة مهنية، وكلية لغة أجنبية، وأكثر من 22000 طالب.

تأسيس الجامعة الحديثة

تم تشكيل جامعة يلدز من خلال دمج «أكاديمية إسطنبول الحكومية للهندسة والعمارة» مع المدارس الهندسية التابعة، ودمج الكليات والأقسام ذات الصلة "بأكاديمية كوجيلي  الحكومية للهندسة والعمارة" مع المدرسة المهنية بكوجيلي.

أنشأت الجامعة الجديدة معهدا للعلوم، ومعهدا للعلوم الاجتماعية، وإدارات العلوم والآداب والهندسة، اللغات الأجنبية، اللغة التركية، مبادئ أتاتورك وتاريخ الثورة، والتربية البدنية والفنون الجميلة.

أخذت الجامعة اسمها النهائي في عام 1992 لتكون: جامعة يلدز التقنية.

قُسمت كلية الهندسة إلى أربع كليات وأعيد هيكلتها كالتالي:
 كلية الإلكترونيات الكهربائية.
 كلية الانشائات.
 كلية الهندسة الميكانيكية وعلوم المواد الكيميائية.
 كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية.
تم فصل كلية كوجيلي للهندسة ومدرسة كوجيلي المهنية عن الجامعة، وإعادة هيكلتهما لتكونا: جامعة كوجيلي (جامعة قوجه إيلي)  في مدينة قوجا.

الكليات

 كلية الكهرباء والإلكترونيات.
 كلية الآداب ودراسات الثقافة الوطنية.
 كلية الفنون والتصميم.
 كلية التربية.
 كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والإدارية.
 كلية الهندسة المدنية.
 كلية الهندسة الكيميائية والميكانيكية.
 كلية الهندسة الميكانيكية.
 كلية الهندسة البحرية البحرية.
 كلية الهندسة المعمارية

المعاهد والمدارس
 معهد العلوم والهندسة.
 معهد العلوم الاجتماعية.
 كلية الدراسات المهنية.
 مدرسة اللغات الأجنبية.

من مشاهير الخريجين
 بوراك سيفينش.
 آهو توركبنش.
 مراد يلديريم.
 كنان إميرزالي أوغلو.

انظر أيضا
 امتحان الطلاب الأجانب (YÖS) للقبول بالدراسة الجامعية في تركيا.
 التعليم العالي في تركيا.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع جامعة يلدز التقنية بالتركية
 موقع جامعة يلدز التقنية بالإنجليزية

معرض الصور

جامعات وكليات أسست في 1911
بشكطاش
تأسيسات سنة 1911 في الدولة العثمانية
جامعات وكليات حكومية في تركيا
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 1911

جامعة يلدز التقنية


William Arthur "Candy" Cummings (October 18, 1848 – May 17, 1924) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, and National League. Cummings is widely credited with inventing the curveball. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.

Early life
Cummings was born in Ware, Massachusetts on October 18, 1848. Four years later, his family moved to Brooklyn, NY. He attended Falley Seminary in Fulton, New York, from 1864 to 1866, and played for Falley's baseball team. He pitched his team to the county championship. After graduating from Falley, Cummings joined the Star Base Ball Club, one of Brooklyn's best clubs, pitching for its junior squad. (Prior to the formal introduction of professional baseball in 1871, all baseball clubs were amateur.) Showing great promise, he was lured to another top Brooklyn club, Excelsior. At the age of 17, Cummings made his debut in the National Association of Base Ball Players with the Excelsior senior team. His first game with the Excelsior seniors was on August 14, 1866, against the New York Mutuals. For his performance, he received prophetic praise from the Brooklyn Eagle: "[H]e has only to keep on in the way he has begun, and he will one day (not far distant) be ranked among the best pitchers of the country." Two weeks later, he led his team to a 2412 win against the Newark Eurekas. After the latter game, baseball writer Henry Chadwick commented on the skills of the young Cummings and his promising future with the Excelsior club. Cummings played for the Excelsiors next season, and continued as the main pitcher for the Stars of Brooklyn from 1868 to 1871.

His pitching skills led to his being called "Candy", a popular 19th-century nickname for a man who was the best at his craft.

Major league career
Cummings, who stood 5'9" and weighed 120 pounds, compiled a 145–94 career record and 2.42 earned run average while playing for five different professional teams from 1872 to 1877. Between 1872 and 1875, he pitched in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA) with the New York Mutuals, Baltimore Canaries, Philadelphia White Stockings and Hartford Dark Blues. Cummings won 63.3% of his games over his four NA seasons. In 1876, when the National League (NL) was founded, he was still with the Hartford club, which was one of the league's founders, and compiled a 16-8 pitching record. In December, 1876, he signed with a semi-professional club in Lynn, Massachusetts, the Live Oaks, to pitch and manage the club in 1877. He represented the Live Oaks at a convention that founded the International Association for Professional Base Ball Players, and was elected the association's first president. In the middle of the 1877, he left the Live Oaks and returned to the NA, pitching for the Cincinnati Reds, where he appeared in only 19 games and posted a 5–14 win-loss record. Among other records, Cummings was the first player to pitch two complete games in one day: September 9, 1876 when he beat the Cincinnati Red Stockings twice, 14–4 and 8–4.

Invention of the curveball

Cummings is often credited with being the inventor of the curveball. In his biography of Cummings, published in 2022, Stephen Katz provides proof. According to Cummings, he discovered the idea of the curveball while studying the movement sea shells made when thrown. After noticing this movement, he began trying to make a baseball move the same way, and thus created the new pitch. Cummings pitched the curveball underhand, as required by the rules of the National Association of Base Ball Players, but with a twist and snap of the wrist, which was illegal under the rules of the National Association of Base Ball Players. Those rules required the pitcher to deliver pitches with a straight arm, swinging perpendicularly by his side. But the rules were progressively relaxed so as to permit the arm and wrist motion that were necessary for pitching the curveball.

Cummings first used the curveball in competition while pitching for Brooklyn's Excelsior club, in a game on October 7, 1867, against the Harvard College team. He would later recall from that game: "A surge of joy flooded over me that I shall never forget. I felt like shouting out that I had made a ball curve. ... But I said not a word and saw many a batter at that game throw down his stick in disgust."  Cummings' introduction of the curveball radically changed pitching, and fundamentally transformed the game of baseball.

Several other pitchers claimed to have invented the curveball. One was Fred Goldsmith. Goldsmith maintained that he gave a demonstration of the pitch on August 16, 1870, at the Capitoline Grounds in Brooklyn, New York, and that renown sportswriter Henry Chadwick had covered it in the Brooklyn Eagle on August 17, 1870. However, Stephen Katz, in his biography of Cummings, shows that Goldsmith's claim was not credible, and that Goldsmith's reference to an article by Chadwick in the Brooklyn Eagle was likely fabricated. According to a 2002 article by ESPN's Steve Wulf, Cummings was "fairly well-connected" in baseball, as evidenced by his position with the International Association. Baseball leaders Chadwick, Harry Wright and Albert Spalding, among others, credited Cummings as the inventor of the curveball.

Invention of railway coupling device
In 1873, Cummings invented a railway coupling device, improving on the coupling device then in use, which was dangerous. He patented his invention in 1874. He refined his design in 1876, and patented it in 1877. Cummings received a small royalty for his invention.

Later life
After organized baseball, Cummings moved to Athol, Massachusetts, where he owned and operated a paint and wallpaper shop. Cummings died in Toledo, Ohio, on May 17, 1924. He is buried at Aspen Grove Cemetery in Ware, Massachusetts.  Cummings was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.

See also

List of Major League Baseball career ERA leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders

References

External links

Watching Clam Shell Sail Gave Gave First Curve Ball To Cummings; They Said It Couldn't Be Done, by Harry Grayson, May 28, 1943

1848 births
1924 deaths
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Major League Baseball pitchers
Brooklyn Excelsiors players
Brooklyn Stars players
New York Mutuals players
Baltimore Canaries players
Philadelphia White Stockings players
Hartford Dark Blues players
Cincinnati Reds (1876–1879) players
Minor league baseball managers
Lynn Live Oaks players
New Bedford (minor league baseball) players
New Haven (minor league baseball) players
Hartford (minor league baseball) players
Baseball players from Massachusetts
People from Ware, Massachusetts
19th-century baseball players

Candy Cummings


Fra Tomo Salatić, hrvatski bosanskohercegovački franjevac i slikar, rodom iz Brežaka. Zabilježen je u franjevačkim kronikama (" iz Brešaka od Soli", zabilježen 1780., 1783.). Poznata mu je slika Svete Obitelji iz 1780. godine.
Salatić je za kapelana u Tuzli došao 26. rujna 1784. godine.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački franjevci
Hrvatski slikari

Tomo Salatić


O EstádioThammasat é um estádio multiuso na cidade de Rangsit, Pathum Thani, Tailândia. Atualmente é usado principalmente para jogos de futebol e tem capacidade para 25.000 pessoas. Fica no campus Rangsit da Universidade Thammasat, cerca de 42 km ao norte de Bangkok. O Estádio foi construído para sediar os Jogos Asiáticos de 1998 pela construtora Christiani and Nielsen - a mesma que construiu o Monumento à Democracia em Bangkok.

Sua interface se parece com uma versão em menor escala do Estádio Rajamangala em Bangkok. As tribunas formam um anel contínuo que é mais baixo atrás de cada gol, mas se elevam nas laterais. Ao contrário do Rajamangala, porém, o Thammasat tem um telhado cobrindo as duas tribunas laterais.

Instalações

 Estádio
 Centro Esportivo Aquático Thammasat
 Ginásio 1
 Ginásio 2
 Ginásio 3
 Ginásio 4
 Ginásio 5
 Ginásio 6
 Ginásio 7

Equipes operadoras do Estádio

 PEA entre 2001-2002
 INSEE Police F.C. entre 2011-2014
 Dome FC 2015-atualmente
 Bangkok United 2016-atualmente

Referências

Estádios de futebol da Tailândia

Estádio Thammasat


මීරා, සැවොම දන්නා පරිදි මීරා බායි හෙවත් මීරාබායි යනු , 16වන සියවසේ විසූ හින්දු යෝගී කිවිදියක මෙන්ම  ක්‍රිෂ්ණා දෙවියන්ගේ බැතිමතියකි. ඇයව භක්තිමත්ව සෘෂිවරියක් ලෙසින් විශේෂයෙන් උතුරු ඉන්දීය හින්දු සමාජයේ පුදනු ලැබේ.

මීරා බායි ඉන්දියවේ රාජස්ථානයේ, පාලි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ කුද්කිවල රාජ්පුත් රාජකීය පවුලක උපන්නාය. ඇයව සඳහන් කරන්නේ භක්තමල් වශයෙන් වන අතර, ක්‍රි.ව1600 පමණ කාලයේදී ඇය භක්ති සම්ප්‍රධායය පෝෂණය කළ අයෙක් ලෙස ස්ථිරකරයි.  සමාජය සහ පවුල් චාරිත්‍ර කෙරෙහි මීරා දැක්වූ නිර්භය සහ ඇය ලක්වු පීඩාවන් පිළිබදව බොහෝ ජනප්‍රවාදවල සඳහන් වේ.ඇය ක්‍රිෂ්ණා දෙවියන් වෙනුවෙන් තම ආත්මය  පරිත්‍යාග කළ අතර ක්‍රිෂ්ණා ඇගේ සැමියාබව ඇය පිළිගන්නා ලදි.ඇයගේ මෙම ආගමික ප්‍රතිපත්තිය හේතුවෙන් ඥාතීන් ඇයට හින්සා කරන ලදි.  ඇය අති මහත් ප්‍රමාණයක ජනකතා සහ සාන්තුවරියන්ගේ චරිතාපදාන සහ පුරාවෘතවල ප්‍රධාන මාතෘකාව විය.නමුත් මෙම කතා හා සිදුවීම් අතින් එකිනෙකට පරස්පර ස්වභාවයක් ගනී.

ක්‍රිෂ්ණා දෙවියන් මීරා හා සම්බන්ධ කොට ඉන්දියානු සම්ප්‍රධායයයේ දහස් සංඛ්‍යාත භක්තිගීත ප්‍රමාණයක් ලියවී ඇත.නමුත් සියගණනක්වූ ස්වල්ප පිරිසක් විශ්වාස කරන්නේ ,පැරණි විද්වතුන් කාව්‍ය ද්විත්වයක් පමණක් ලියා ඇතිබවත් බොහෝ කාව්‍යයන් රචනාවී ඇත්තේ 18වනසියවසේදී බවයි.  බොහෝ කාව්‍යයන්හි මීරා ආරෝපණය කර ඇත්තේ වෙනත් අයෙක් පසුව ඇයගේ ගුණ වර්ණනා කරන අයුරෙනි. මෙම කාව්‍යයන් පොදුවේ හඳුන්වනු ලබන්නේ බජන්ගීත ලෙසයි.මේවා ඉන්දියාවේ අතිශයෙන් ජනප්‍රියවේ. හින්දුදේවස්ථාන වන, චිත්තෝර්ගාර් බලකොටුව වැනි ස්ථාන,මීරා බායි ගේ මතකයන් සඳහා කැපකොට ඇත.නූතන කාලයේදී, චිත්‍රපට,හාස‍්‍ය උපදවන සිදුවීම් ,සහ වෙනත් ජනප්‍රිය සාහිත්‍යයන් මැය ආශ්‍රයෙන් නිර්මාණය වී තිබේ.

මේවාත් බලන්න
 ආන්දාල
 භජන්
 භක්ති ඉරියව්ව
 ක්‍රිෂ්ණා
 විෂ්ණු

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

මීරාබායි සහ ඇගේ භක්ති ව්‍යාපාරය, S. M. Pandey and Norman Zide (1965), History of Religions, Vol. 5, No. 1, pages 54–73
රාජස්ථානයේ මීරාබායි ,පරීතා මුක්තා (1989)

1498 දී උපත්
1547 දී මරණ
හින්දු ආගමික නායිකාවෝ
16වන සියවසේ හින්දු ආගමික නායිකාවෝ
හින්දු කිවිදියෝ
ඉන්දියානු ආගමික නායිකාවෝ
ක්‍රිෂ්ණා සම්බන්ධ පුද්ගලයෝ
රාවිදාසියා
මත් සෘශි
හින්දු ජනප්‍රවාද
ඉන්දියානු කිවිදියෝ
ක්‍රිෂ්ණාගේ බැතිමතුන්
භක්ති ව්‍යාපාරය
පාලි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුද්ගලයෝ
16වන-සියවසේ ඉන්දියානු පුද්ගලයෝ
16වන-සියවසේ ඉන්දියානු කිවිදියෝ
16වන-සියවසේ ඉන්දියානු කාන්තාවෝ
රාජස්ථානයේ කවියෝ
රාජස්ථානයේ ලේඛ්කාවෝ

මීරා


La cathédrale Saint-Jean-l'Évangéliste de Langzhong ( ; ), aussi appelée église de l'Évangile (), est une église et cathédrale protestante dans la ville-comté de Langzhong, Sichuan. Fondée en 1908, l'église était autrefois la cathédrale anglicane du  de la , qui était sous la juridiction de l'Église d'Angleterre. Initialement désigné comme pro-cathédrale, l'édifice est la plus grande église anglicane du sud-ouest de la Chine.

Histoire
La première église anglicane de Langzhong (alors connue sous le nom de Paoning), l', construite en 1893, était devenue trop petite à mesure que le nombre de convertis avait augmenté.

Après une série de problèmes, la cathédrale a finalement été construite sur la rue Yangtianjing, sous la supervision de , l'un des Sept de Cambridge et l'évêque missionnaire du diocèse de Szechwan à cette époque. La construction a commencé en 1913 et s'est terminée en 1914.

La cathédrale a été conçue par l'architecte australien George A. Rogers, et construite dans le style néogothique avec des éléments architecturaux traditionnels sichuanais. Elle occupe une superficie de près de , avec un cimetière, une bibliothèque, un puits, un jardin et un potager. Cassels est mort en 1925 et inhumé dans le jardin de la cathédrale. , également l'un des Sept de Cambridge, a été enterré dans le cimetière de la cathédrale en 1939.

Après la prise de contrôle de la Chine par les communistes en 1949, les églises chrétiennes en Chine ont été contraintes de rompre leurs liens avec les églises respectives à l'étranger, ce qui a ainsi conduit à la fusion de la cathédrale Saint-Jean dans l'Église patriotique des trois autonomies établie par le gouvernement communiste.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Christianisme au Sichuan
 Cathédrale Saint-Jean-l'Évangéliste de Hong Kong

Église anglicane (édifice)
Langzhong
Cathédrale néo-gothique
Cathédrale dédiée à saint Jean
Protestantisme dans la province du Sichuan

Cathédrale Saint-Jean de Langzhong


Willy Mißmahl (* 11. Oktober 1885 in Riedlingen; † 19. Mai 1964 in Tübingen) war ein deutscher Chirurg und Klinikleiter.

Leben
Mißmahl legte 1904 in Ulm das Abitur ab und studierte in Tübingen, Würzburg und München Medizin. In Tübingen renoncierte er bei der Landsmannschaft Schottland, der Korporation seines Vaters. Die Landsmannschaft Teutonia Würzburg verlieh ihm später die Ehrenmitgliedschaft. Nachdem er 1909 das Medizinische Staatsexamen ablegte, wurde er 1912 in München mit einer Schrift Über Behandlung und Resultate der Spina bifida zum Dr. med. promoviert.

1914 war er als Oberarzt der Reserve für das Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 124 eingesetzt. Ab Mai 1915 war er als Oberarzt am Reservelazarett des Katharinenhospitals Stuttgart aktiv. Nach der Tätigkeit in einer eigenen Praxis, wurde Mißmahl 1921 Chefarzt des Krankenhauses in Riedlingen.

Im Zweiten Weltkrieg diente Mißmahl als Oberfeldarzt, sowie als Chefarzt verschiedener Reservelazarette. Ab 1945 oblag ihm schließlich die Leitung des Riedlinger Krankenhauses, bis er 1954 altershalber als Chefarzt ausschied. 1949 war er Vizepräsident der Württembergischen Ärztekammer.

Familie
Mißmahl war der Sohn des Arztes Wilhelm Mißmahl. Seit 1912 war er mit der Zahnärztin Maria Wild verheiratet. Ihr Sohn war der Internist Hans-Peter Mißmahl. Die Familie ist Namensgeber eines Naherholungsgebietes. Diese parkähnlichen Flächen, die sogenannten Mißmahl'schen Anlagen waren früher in deren Eigentum. Sie sind die größten, zusammenhängenden der letzten Donau-Auwälder in Baden-Württemberg. Das  Terrain wurde sukzessive von der Stadt Riedlingen erworben, um daraus ein Naherholungsgebiet zu schaffen.

Auszeichnungen
 1915 Ritterkreuz des Friedrichs-Orden mit Schwertern
 1955 Verdienstkreuz I. Klasse des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Literatur
  Heinrich Münzenmaier (Hrsg.): Geschichte der Landsmannschaft Schottland zu Tübingen 1849 bis 1924. Stuttgart 1924.

Weblinks
Informationen über die Familie Mißmahl und die Entwicklung des Naherholungsgebiets (PDF; 354 kB) auf der Internetpräsenz der Stadt Riedlingen

Chirurg
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Träger des Friedrichs-Ordens (Ritter)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes 1. Klasse
Landsmannschafter
Person (Riedlingen)
Württemberger
Deutscher
Geboren 1885
Gestorben 1964
Mann

Willy Mißmahl


Jon Hedley Trickett (born 2 July 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hemsworth in West Yorkshire since a 1996 by-election. He was Shadow Lord President of the Council from 2016 to 2020 and served as Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office from 2011 to 2013 and 2017 to 2020. He was the Labour Party National Campaign Coordinator under Jeremy Corbyn from 2015 to 2017.

Trickett served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to Prime Minister Gordon Brown from 2008 to 2010 and was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet by Ed Miliband in 2011 as Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office.

Trickett was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government under new Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn in September 2015, before serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills from July to October 2016. He was later appointed Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office by Corbyn in February 2017, alongside his portfolio as Shadow Lord President of the Council.

He is a member of the Socialist Campaign Group, a parliamentary group of Labour MPs.

Education and early political career
Trickett studied at Roundhay Grammar School (now called Roundhay School) in Leeds. He received a BA in Politics from the University of Hull, and later an MA in Political Sociology from the University of Leeds.

Formed politically by the anti-Vietnam war movement, he joined the Labour Party in 1969 and was active on the Labour left in Leeds from the late 1960s. From 1974 to 1986 he worked as a builder and plumber. During the campaigns relating to the Common Market referendum in 1975 he was the secretary of the Vote No campaign in Leeds.

During the 1970s Trickett was a member of the ILP (the successor body of the Independent Labour Party), contributed to its newspaper, the Labour Leader, and was elected for a number of years to its ruling body, the National Administrative Council. Trickett was also active in anti-fascist and anti-war movements, and was a delegate to the Leeds Trades Council. Later he was the election agent for Michael McGowan who became the MEP for Leeds in 1984.

Trickett was first elected to Leeds City Council for the Beeston ward in 1984 at the age of 34. He replaced George Mudie as Leader of the Council in 1989, holding the leadership until 1996 and his election to Parliament. Brian Walker replaced Trickett as Council Leader and resigned his council seat after the May local elections.

Parliamentary career

Labour government
Elected on 1 February 1996 in a by-election brought about by the death of the previous MP, Labour's Derek Enright, Trickett was made PPS to Peter Mandelson after Labour was elected to power and worked in the Cabinet office and subsequently the DTI. After leaving the government at the time of Mandelson's fall from grace, Trickett was chair of the Compass pressure group.

He played a significant role in rebelling against the Iraq War and participated in demonstrations against the War in London, Wakefield and Leeds. He rebelled on a number of occasions against Tony Blair's reforms to public services. He led the demands for a recall of Parliament at the time of the Israeli attacks on the Lebanon, and the campaign inside the Commons to amend the Companies Bill to secure public listed companies reporting on 'supply chain issues' in line with the suggestions of a range of non governmental organisations. He was also a leading figure in the campaign to prevent a decision to replace the Trident nuclear weapons system in 2007. In addition, he was Jon Cruddas's campaign manager during the 2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election.

Trickett had previously voted against the Blair Government's 90-day detention proposals in the Terrorism Act 2006, which had been publicly advocated by the police, and was joined by both Labour and Conservative MPs in the vote, the only time Blair was defeated in the Commons. Trickett and Cruddas voted in favour of the subsequent 28-day detention proposal, and Trickett then resigned from his position in Compass after voting in favour of the legislation despite opposition to the Bill from some members of Compass.

Trickett was appointed by the trades unions as acting chair of the board of Tribune in 2007, but gave up this role when the paper was taken over by a private proprietor.

In June 2007 he was asked by Gordon Brown to chair the party's manifesto group on housing, a position which he declined to take up.
Following the cabinet reshuffle of 3 October 2008, Trickett became the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown.

In opposition
On 7 October 2011, Trickett was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office by Labour Leader Ed Miliband. He was re-elected to the House of Commons at the 2015 general election with a majority of 12,078.

In 2016, a former British National Party candidate was convicted of making an anti-semitic verbal attack upon Trickett.

Trickett was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. On 27 June 2016 Trickett was appointed as Shadow Lord President of the Council and Campaigns and Elections Director. Later that year, Trickett was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills.

In July 2016, Trickett apologised for comments on Twitter which appeared to liken an attempted coup in Turkey to attempts to oust Jeremy Corbyn. Trickett deleted the relevant tweet and apologised, saying: "Okay okay. Tweet deleted and withdrawn. Shouldn't tweet when feeling ill. I apologise sincerely".

On 5 April 2020, following the election of Keir Starmer as Leader of the Labour Party, Trickett was asked to stand down from his frontbench roles. He had backed Rebecca Long-Bailey for the party leadership.

Personal life
Trickett married Sarah Balfour on 31 October 1993. They have three children.

References

External links
 Jon Trickett MP official constituency website

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1950 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Hull
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Councillors in Leeds
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People educated at Roundhay School
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Leaders of local authorities of England

Jon Trickett


En dag i Europa er en dansk dokumentarfilm instrueret af Carsten Buchwald Larsen.

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

En dag i Europa (dokumentarfilm)


La rue Jean-Vallier est une rue du 7e arrondissement de Lyon en France.

Description
Longue de 350 mètres et d'orientation est-ouest, elle s'étend de l'avenue Jean Jaurès à l'ouest jusqu'à la rue de Gerland, à l'est. Son nom est un hommage à Jean Vallier, horloger lyonnais du .

Histoire
Le 11 mai 2022 au matin, une fusillade au AK-47 fait un mort à l'angle de la rue Jean Vallier et de l'avenue Jean Jaurès.

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Liste des voies de Lyon

Jean-Vallier

Rue Jean-Vallier


Gevaş (), Van'ın 12 ilçesinden birisidir.

Yüzölçümü 727,5 km² olup, denizden yüksekliği 1750 metredir. İlçe Güneydoğu Toroslar'ın bir uzantısı olan Kavuşşahap (İhtiyarşahap) dağlarının en yükseği olan Artos Dağının (3650 m) eteğinde kurulmuştur. Doğusunda Gürpınar, batısında Hizan ve Tatvan (Bitlis) İlçeleri, kuzeyinde Van Gölü, kuzeydoğusunda Edremit, güneyinde Çatak, güneybatısında da Bahçesaray ilçeleri bulunur. İl merkezine uzaklığı 40 km'dir. Sınırları içerisindeki Akdamar Adası, ilçenin en önemli turistik mekânıdır.

Tarihçe
İlçe merkezinin bulunduğu verimli vadi Urartular döneminden beri yoğun yerleşime sahne olmuştur.

Eski kaynaklarda kasabanın adı Vostan, Vastan ve son olarak Vestan (1960'tan itibaren) diye geçer. Bugünkü ilçe merkezinin 20 km kadar batısında Ahtamar Adası karşısında bulunan eski kent, MS 421 yılında Sasani Devleti'nin egemenliğine giren Doğu Ermenistan'ı yöneten İran askeri valilerinin (vostikan) ikametgâhı olarak önem kazanmıştır.

7. yüzyılda Sasani Devletinin İslam egemenliğine girmesinden sonra Vostan'da Ermeni kökenli Rştuni beyliği hüküm sürmüştür. 705 yılında diğer Ermeni beylerinin ittifak ederek Vart Rştuniyi öldürmesinden sonra bölge Başkale (Ağbak) kökenli Ardzruni hanedanının tasarrufuna geçmiştir. 908 yılında I. Gagik Ardzruni bazı Arap beylerinin de desteğiyle Vostan'da "Ermenistan kralı" olarak taç giymiş, ancak daha sonra ikametgâhını Ahtamar Adasında inşa ettiği yeni kasabaya taşımıştır. Van Gölü'nün Güney ve Doğu kıyılarına hakim olan Ardzruni beyliği 1021 yılında Bizans tarafından tasfiye edilinceye kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür.

Gevaş'ın Türk fethinden sonraki ilk iki yüzyıldaki durumu karanlıktır. Kasabanın bugünkü yerine Moğol egemenliği döneminde 1264 veya 1297 yılında taşındığına dair veriler mevcuttur. Kasaba 1380'li yıllarda Hakkâri ve Van'ı içeren bölgede güçlü bir beylik kuran İzzeddin Şîr (Kürtçe: Yezdan Şêr)'in başkenti olmuştur. 1386'da Timur'a karşı Van Kalesi'ni savunan İzzeddin Şir daha sonra sırasıyla Timur'a ve Karakoyunlu'lara bağımlı olarak beyliğini sürdürmüştür. Kasabanın en önemli tarihi anıtı olan Celme Hatun Türbesi (veya Halime Hatun Türbesi), İzzeddin Şir'in Karakoyunlu hanedanından olan eşine aittir.

Öte yandan Ahlat'ta bulunan Selçuklu mezarlığından sonra bölgenin en büyük ikinci Selçuklu mezarlığı da ilçededir.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Gevaş


The square-tailed drongo (Dicrurus ludwigii), formerly the common square-tailed drongo, is a passerine bird in the family Dicruridae. It is a common resident breeder in parts of southern Africa.

These insectivorous birds are usually found in forests or dense bush. They are aggressive and fearless birds, given their small size, at , and will attack much larger species if their nest or young are threatened. The male is mainly glossy black, although the wings are duller. The female is similar but less glossy. The bill is black and heavy, and the eye is red. This species is similar to the fork-tailed drongo, but is smaller, and the shorter tail lacks the deep fork which gives the latter species its name. The fork-tailed drongo is also typically found in more open habitat. The common square-tailed drongo has short legs and sits very upright whilst perched prominently, like a shrike. It flycatches or take prey from the ground. The call is a harsh . Two to three eggs are laid in a cup nest in a fork high in a tree.

Taxonomy
The square-tailed drongo was described by the Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith in 1834 from birds observed around Port Natal (now Durban) in South Africa. He coined the binomial name Edolius ludwigii. The specific epithet was chosen to honour the German botanist Baron von Ludwig who collected plants in South Africa   between 1805 and 1847. It is now placed with the other drongos in the genus Dicrurus that was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018, the taxonomy of the square-tailed drongo complex was reorganised. Sharpe's drongo which had previously been treated as a subspecies of Dicrurus ludwigii was promoted to species rank becoming Dicrurus sharpei. But those birds previously in Dicrurus ludwigii sharpei occurring between Senegal and the Niger River were considered as a separate species, the western square-tailed drongo (Dicrurus occidentalis).

Four subspecies are recognised:
 D. l. muenzneri Reichenow, 1915 – south Somalia and east Kenya to Tanzania, north Mozambique
 D. l. saturnus Clancey, 1976 – Angola (except northwest), north Zambia, north Mozambique
 D. l. tephrogaster Clancey, 1975 – Malawi, south and central Mozambique
 D. l. ludwigii (Smith, A, 1834) – South Africa to Limpopo River

Gallery

References

 Birds of The Gambia by Barlow, Wacher and Disley,

External links
 Square-tailed drongo - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.

Drongos
Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
Birds described in 1834

Square-tailed drongo


دوري المحترفين السعودي هو البطولة الرئيسية لكرة القدم في المملكة العربية السعودية. أطلق عليه الاسم «دوري زين السعودي للمحترفين» بعد حصول مجموعة زين على حقوق الرعاية الحصرية للدوري. دخل نادي الاتحاد كحامل للقب، واستطاع الهلال الظفر باللقب قبل ختام الدوري بثلاث جولات، وحسم مصير اللقب حينما كسب الحزم في الرس بثنائية نظيفة.

التأهيل والجوائز المادية

الثلاث الأوائل في الدوري والفائز بـكأس الملك يتأهلون مباشرة دوري أبطال آسيا.

اصحاب المركز الرابع والخامس يتأهلون إلى كأس الخليج للأندية.

اصحاب المركز السادس والسابع دوري أبطال العرب.

و اصحاب المراكز الست الأولى يتأهلون إلى كأس الملك.

الجوائز المالية
 المركز الأول : 2.5 مليون ريال سعودي
 المركز الثاني : 1.5 مليون ريال سعودي
 المركز الثالث : 1 مليون ريال سعودي

الأندية المشاركة

تغيرات المدربين

الإحصائيات

ترتيب الأندية

|rowspan=4|دوري أبطال آسيا و كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين للأبطال

|rowspan=2|كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين للأبطال و كأس الخليج للأندية

|rowspan=2|كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين للأبطال و دوري أبطال العرب

|rowspan=2|إلغاء الهبوط بعد رفع أندية دوري زين السعودي إلى 14

قائمة الهدافين
<small>

المصادر

انظر أيضا
 الاتحاد السعودي لكرة القدم
 الدوري السعودي الممتاز
 كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين للأبطال
 كأس ولي العهد
 كأس الأمير فيصل بن فهد

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للاتحاد السعودي

السعودية في 2009
دوريات كرة قدم آسيوية في 2009–10
كرة القدم السعودية في 2009–10
مواسم دوري المحترفين السعودي

دوري المحترفين السعودي 2009–10


Hólmgangan (danska: Den store udfordring) er níunda bókin í bókaflokknum um Goðheima. Hún kom út árið 1992. Teiknari hennar var listamaðurinn Peter Madsen, en auk hans komu þeir Hans Rancke-Madsen, Per Vadmand og Henning Kure að gerð handritsins. Hún byggir á frásögn Skáldskaparmála Eddu af viðureign  Ása-Þórs við jötnakonunginn Hrungni.

Söguþráður
Mannapilturinn Þjálfi lætur sig dreyma um að Þór standi við loforð sín um að taka hann með til að berja jötna. Þegar loksins virðist ætla að verða af því hrindir táningurinn Magni upp dyrunum og kynnir sig sem son Þórs og skessunnar Járnsöxu. Þegar myndar togstreita milli Þjálfa og hins nýtilkomna keppinautar um athygli þrumuguðsins.

Á sama tíma er Óðinn á ferðalagi í Jötunheimum. Hann áir við hirð ruddans Hrungnis og fara þeir að metast um ágæti reiðskjóta sinna: Slepni og Gullfaxa. Óðinn verður hlutskarpari í kappreiðinni en Hrungnir sest upp á æsi í Bilskirni og lætur dólgslega. Að lokum er Þór nóg boðið og hann skorar á jötuninn í hólmgöngu. Þór heldur til einvígisins með Þjálfa og Magna sér til halds og trausts.

Hrungni til aðstoðar í hólmgöngunni skapa jötnarnir Mökkurkálfa, níu rasta háan leirkarl, ramman af afli en með merarhjarta. Eftir snarpa viðureign fellir Þór Hrungni, en höfuðlaus skrokkurinn fellur ofan á Þór og heldur honum föstum og meðvitundarlausum. Á meðan tekst Þjálfa að fella Mökkurkálfa með því að vera frjár á fæti. Við það leggur jötnaliðið á flótta. Eftir stendur að losa Þór undan hræi jötunsins og mistekst hverjum guðanna á fætur öðrum það, uns Magni sviptir Hrungni ofan af föður sínum og uppsker lof og virðingu. Þjálfi uppgötvar að Magni hafði svindlað og spennt á sig megingjarðir Þórs til að öðlast styrk, en ákveður að þegja yfir leyndarmálinu til að Æsir taki Magna í sátt.

Fróðleiksmolar
 Samkvæmt goðsögninni var Magni aðeins þriggja nátta gamall þegar hann vann lyftingarafrekið. Höfundar sögunnar leysa það með því að láta Magna segjast fyrst hafa orðið sonur Þórs þegar hann uppgötvaði faðernið þremur dögum fyrr.

 Persóna Magna hafði ekki birst áður í sagnaflokknum en varð föst persóna í bókunum upp frá þessu.

Íslensk útgáfa
Hólmgangan kom út hjá Forlaginu árið 2019, í íslenskri þýðingu Bjarna Fr. Karlssonar.

Myndasögur
Bókaárið 1993

Hólmgangan


Akif Emre (1957, Kayseri - 23 Mayıs 2017, İstanbul), Türk köşe yazarı.
Yayıncılık, gazetecilik ve televizyonculuk yaptı.

Akif Emre, şeker fabrikasında işçi olarak çalışan Latif Emre'nin ikinci çocuğu olarak 2 Mart 1957'de Kayseri'de doğdu.   Eski ismi İstanbul Devlet Mimarlık ve Mühendislik Akademisi olan bugünkü Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Makine Mühendisliği bölümünden 1981 yılında mezun oldu.

Yayıncılığa Akabe yayınlarının İstanbul temsilciliğinde başladı. Bir dönem, İnsan Yayınları'nın yayın yönetmenliğini yaptı. Yeni Şafak gazetesinin kurucuları arasında yer aldı ve genel yayın yönetmenliğini üstlendi. Ardından Küre ve Klasik Yayınları'nın genel yayın yönetmenliğini yaptı. Bilim Sanat Vakfı'nda idarecilik, Kanal 7'de Dış Haberler Müdürlüğü yaptı. Bosna Savaşı sırasında Aliya İzzet Begoviç ile ilk defa röportaj yapan gazeteci oldu. Yeni Şafak gazetesinde köşe yazarlığı yapan Akif Emre, çok dilde yayın yapan bir haber portali olan Dünya Bülteni'nin de Genel Yayın Yönetmenliğini yaptı. Belgesel çalışmalarına yoğunlaşarak, Osmanlı şehirleri (Saraybosna, Mostar, Üsküp, Selanik 1,2, Kudüs1,2) ve Mimar Sinan (6 Bölüm) üzerine olanları başta olmak üzere birçok belgesel hazırladı. Son olarak "Elvada Endülüs: Moriskolar" isimli beş bölümlük belgesel hazırladı.

Akif Emre 23 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde Beşiktaş'taki ofisinde geçirdiği kalp krizi sonucu hayatını kaybetti. Cenazesi 24 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde Fatih Camii'inde kılınan cenaze namazının ardından Edirnekapı Mezarlığında toprağa verildi. Akif Emre için ayrıca Bosna Hersek'in başkenti Saraybosna'daki Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii'nde ikindi namazından sonra  Türkiye'nin Saraybosna Büyükelçisi Haldun Koç'un ile Türkler ve Boşnakların katılımıyla gıyabi cenaze namazı kılındı.

Eserleri
 1997: Göstergeler
 2001: Küreselliğin Fay Hattı
 2001: İzler (Türkiye Yazarlar Birliği ödülü aldı. Aynı zamanda Arnavutçaya çevrildi.)
 2016: Çizgisiz Defter
 2017: Müstağrip Aydınlar Yüzyılı
 2019: Aliya
 2019: Söyleşiler
 2019: İstanbul'u Yeniden Düşünmek ve Erguvanname
 2020: Mekânı Paranteze Almadan
 2020: Portreler Kitaplar ve Dergiler

Ödül
 2014: Basın Fikir ödülü, Türkiye Yazarlar Birliği

Kaynakça

Edirnekapı Şehitliği'ne defnedilenler
Türk yazarlar
Türk köşe yazarları
2017 yılında ölenler
Resim aranan yazarlar
1957 doğumlular
Kayseri doğumlular
İstanbul'da ölenler
20. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri
21. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri

Akif Emre


Aaron Burckhard (født 14. november 1963) er en amerikansk trommeslager, der primært er kendt for i 1987 kortvarigt at have spillet i det amerikanske grunge-band Nirvana.

Trommeslagere fra USA

Aaron Burckhard


Tarakan es una isla situada en la costa de Borneo Oriental, Indonesia. Es una isla pantanosa ubicada en la parte oriental del mar de Célebes, cerca de la costa noreste de Borneo. La isla tiene un área de 303 kilómetros cuadrados.

Petróleo

Exploradores holandeses observaron filtraciones de petróleo en 1863. La extracción de petróleo comenzó en 1906. El pozo de Tarakan producía petróleo crudo ligero, con alta concentración de azufre y con un inusualmente alto punto de fluencia. Para 1940 la isla tenía una refinería con cuatro muelles para la carga del petróleo, y era uno de los cinco centros de procesamiento de petróleo en las Indias Orientales.

Segunda Guerra Mundial

Los pozos petroleros de Sajalín y Formosa proveían tan solo el diez por ciento del petróleo necesario para sustentar la industria japonesa. Las reservas de petróleo crudo de California en las refinerías japonesas se habrían acabado en menos de dos años al ritmo de consumo de ese entonces cuando los Estados Unidos dejó de exportar a Japón el 26 de julio de 1941. Japón inició las hostilidades contra los Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido cuatro meses después en preparación para la toma de fuentes alternativas de petróleo en las Indias Orientales. Japón declaró la guerra a las Indias Orientales Neerlandesas el 10 de enero de 1942 y tropas japonesas desembarcaron en Tarakan al día siguiente. Los Países Bajos habían declarado la guerra a Japón un mes antes, y sabotearon el pozo y la refinería antes de rendirse.

Japón había capturado el pozo Miri en diciembre, y procedió a capturar los pozos y refinerías en Balikpapan en enero, Sumatra en febrero, y Java en marzo.
Técnicos petroleros acompañaban a las tropas invasoras para tratar de mantener la producción en marcha en las instalaciones capturadas. Sin embargo, el crudo producido en ese momento no era suficientemente refinado ni desalinizado para su consumo en la maquinaria bélica, por tanto Japón organizó un equipo de profesionales del área petroquímica para subsanar esa situación en 1942.

El 5 de mayo de 1942, desde Ujini se embarcó un equipo de mil   ingenieros petroquímicos y técnicos los cuales partieron de Japón a bordo del transporte militar Taiyo Maru; pero casi 800 de ellos se ahogaron cuando el barco fue torpedeado y hundido al suroeste de Kyushu por el submarino USS Grenadier el 8 de mayo de 1942.
Esta tragedia provocó que la situación inicial no se alterara y que acarrearía consecuencias a futuro para la Armada.
Pese a esta pérdida de personal especializado, el crudo de Tarakan (mezclado con cantidades menores de lutita bituminosa destilada de Manchuria) se convirtió en la materia prima para el diesel japonés en 1942 mientras las reservas acumuladas de petróleo crudo de California continuaron siendo la materia prima para la destilación y ´producción gasolina y el fueloil japonesa hasta 1943.

La producción del pozo de Tarakan alcanzó los 350.000 barriles por mes a principios de 1944, pero Japón ya no tenía suficientes buques petroleros para transformar este volumen en fueloil en las refinerías japonesas. Sin un suministro adecuado de fueloil refinado para la batalla del Mar de Filipinas los portaaviones japoneses fueron repostados con petróleo crudo sin refinar de Tarakan en junio de 1944.

Este petróleo crudo que no había sido procesado y des-salinizado dañó los tubos de los calentadores de agua, y la fracción ligera de nafta que no se había dstilado y extraído, se volatilizó en los conductos y sentinas creando atmósferas explosivas que contribuyeron a la pérdida de los portaaviones Taihō, Shōkaku y Hiyō. El último buque petrolero japonés salió de Tarakan en julio de 1944, bombardeos aliados dañaron las instalaciones petroleras más adelante ese mismo año y tropas australianas terminaron con una batalla con la ocupación japonesa en junio de 1945.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Archipiélagos e islas de Indonesia
Geografía de Borneo
Provincia de Borneo Septentrional

Isla Tarakan


وصف الأفسنتين  تاريخيا بأنه من المشروبات المقطرة، والكحولية بدرجة عالية (45 ٪ -74 ٪ حجم الكحول في المحلول). وهو كحول بنكهة اليانسون مستمدة من الأعشاب الطبية، بما فيها زهور وأوراق عشبة الأفسنتين ، يُشار إليها عادة بأنها «الأفسنتين المُرّ». ويتمتع الأفسنتين عادة باللون الأخضر الطبيعى ولكن يمكن أيضا أن يكون عديم اللون. ويُشار إليه في الأدب التاريخي "la fee verte" (الجنية الخضراء).
النبتة معروفة في المغرب بالشيبة وهي تحل محل النعناع في في فصل الخريف والشتاء لتنكيه الشاي.

التركيب
يحوي الأفسنتين على مركب الثوجون بنسب قليلة في تركيبته.

مراجع

أفسنتين
اختراعات سويسرية
دخيل إغريقي
أخضر
مشروبات كحولية من اليانسون
مشروبات مقطرة

أفسنتين (مشروب)


Basat'ın Tepegöz'ü Öldürmesi, en ünlü Dede Korkut hikâyelerinden birisidir.

Konusu
Oğuzların üstüne düşman gelir. Aruz Koca da kaçarken oğlu Basat'ı düşürür. Oğlanı bir aslan alıp besler.

Çocuk zamanla büyür. Evine çağırırlar, gelir; ama tekrar aslanın yanına döner.

Bu arada bir çoban su kenarında gördüğü güzel peri kızını çok beğenir. Dayanamaz ve onunla birlikte olur. Peri kızı bu birleşmeden bir çocuk dünyaya getirir; fakat bu çocuk bir canavardır, bir samanlıkta büyür ve gelişir. Büyüdükçe dev kadar olur. Bu yaratığın kafasında sadece bir göz vardır ve bu yüzden tepegöz denmiştir. Bir türlü besleyemezler. Tepegöz, ne verseler yer; ama doymaz. Dağlara çıkar, harami olur. Her gün onlarca hayvan ve insan yer. Bunun üzerine Dede Korkut'u çağırırlar ve Tepegöz'e verilecek haraçta anlaşmak isterler. Tepegöz, her gün beş yüz koyunla bu koyunӀarı pişirecek aşçıya razı olur.

O sırada Basat, ailelerin feryatlarını duyar ve ne olduğunu sorar. Öğrenince Tepegöz'le savaşmaya gider. Dövüşte Tepegöz'ü, gözüne kızgın şiş saplayarak öldürür ve halkı bu beladan kurtarır.

İnceleme
Burada çobanın peri kızına verdiği zarar sonucu Oğuzların başına gelen felaketler, toplumda kadınlara iyi davranılması konusunda ders vermektedir.

Dede Korkut hikâyeleri
Türk mitolojisi

Basat'ın Tepegöz'ü Öldürmesi


Johannes Marius Myhlendorff/Mühlendorff (28. marts 1868 i Aalborg-27. november 1905 i København) var en dansk typograf og idrætspioner medlem af Københavns FF.

Marius Myhlendorff var medstifter af Københavns Fodsports-Forening (senere Københavns Idræts Forening) på Alfred Benses ungkarleværelse på Blegdamsvej 128, da tolv unge løbs- og gangsportsentusiaster 24. oktober 1892 stiftende den første atletikforening i Danmark.

Eksterne henvisninger/kilder
 Københavns Idræts-Forening – Københavns Fodsports-Forening 24. oktober 1942 50 Aar. Udgivet i anledning af Københavns Idræts Forenings 50 års jubilæum 24. oktober 1942. Chr. Christiansens bogtrykkeri, København. 1942.
 KIF 100 Aar – Københavns Idrætsforening 24. oktober 1992. Udgivet i anledning af Københavns Idræts Forenings 100 års jubilæum 24. oktober 1992.

Personer fra Aalborg
Idrætsledere fra Danmark
Typografer fra Danmark

Marius Myhlendorff