Rollins College is a private college in Winter Park, Florida.  It was founded in November 1885 and has about 30 undergraduate majors and several master's programs. It is Florida's fourth oldest post-secondary institution.

History
Rollins College is Florida's fourth oldest post-secondary institution, and has been independent, nonsectarian, and coeducational from conception. Lucy Cross, founder of the Daytona Institute for Young Women in 1880, first placed the matter of establishing a college in Florida before the Congregational Churches in 1884. In 1885, the church put her on the committee in charge of determining the location of their first college in Florida. Cross is known as the "Mother of Rollins College." Rollins was incorporated, organized, and named in the Lyman Park building in nearby Sanford, Florida, on April 28, 1885, opening for classes in Winter Park on November 4 of that year. It was established by New England Congregationalists who sought to bring their style of liberal arts education to the frontier St. John's basin. A commemorative plaque listing the names of the founders was dedicated 1 March 1954 and is displayed in historic Downtown Sanford.

Early benefactors of Rollins College included Chicago businessman Alonzo Rollins (1832-1887), for whom the college is named.  Rollins made substantial donations to enable the founding of the college, and was a trustee and its first treasurer.

Another early benefactor was Franklin Fairbanks of St. Johnsbury, Vermont.  Fairbanks was president of the family business, Fairbanks Scales, and was a founder of Winter Park, a donor to Rollins College and a trustee.

In March of 1936 during a visit to Central Florida, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt was conferred an honorary degree in literature at the Knowles Chapel on campus. Other U.S. presidents who have visited the campus include Calvin Coolidge (1930), Harry Truman (1949), Ronald Reagan (1976; prior to his 1980 election), and Barack Obama (2012).

Firing of John Andrew Rice and required loyalty pledge
President Hamilton Holt decided to require all professors to make a "loyalty pledge" to keep their jobs. In March 1933, Holt fired John Andrew Rice, an atheist scholar and unorthodox teacher, whom Holt had hired, along with three other "golden personalities" (as Holt called them), in his push to put Rollins on the cutting edge of innovative education, for refusing to sign the loyalty pledge. The American Association of University Professors censured Rollins.  The widely publicized case was investigated by the American Association of University Professors, and it is known as the "Rollins College Case" among historians of tenure. The four fired faculty quickly founded experimental Black Mountain College, with a gift from a former Rollins College faculty member.

Okinawa statue
In October 1994, the school made international headlines when the government of Japan, per the request of its Okinawa Prefecture, asked for the return of a statue that was taken as war loot after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945 by Clinton C. Nichols, at that time, a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy and a Rollins alum.  Nichols had presented the statue of Ninomiya Sontoku, a prominent 19th-century Japanese agricultural leader, philosopher, moralist, and economist, to then-President Hamilton Holt, who promised to keep the statue permanently in the main lobby of the Warren Administration Building. At first, the school rejected the offer made by Okinawan officials, who suggested that a replica of the statue will be presented to the school if the original was returned to the island. After consulting both with the U.S. State Department and the school's board of trustees, then-President Rita Bornstein accepted the offer and the statue was returned to Okinawa in 1995 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II. In addition to providing the school with a replica of the original statue, the government of Okinawa and Rollins signed "an agreement of cooperation" that pledges to develop additional cooperative projects between the college and Shogaku Junior and Senior High School, the Okinawan school where the original statue has been placed.

Kairis case
On March 31, 1998, the body of Jennifer Leah Kairis, a sophomore student, was found in her Ward Hall dormitory room by a residential assistant. Kairis, who had attended a fraternity party held by the Tau Kappa Epsilon chapter on campus hours before she had died, was both legally intoxicated and had a large amount of prescription drugs in her system.<ref>Wrongs of Passage: Fraternities, Sororities, Hazing, and Binge Drinking from Google Books. Retrieved on 2011-02-11</ref> At first, the assistant medical examiner at the Orange County coroner's office ruled Kairis' death as a homicide. However, that conclusion was quickly changed after Shashi Gore, the county's chief medical examiner ruled that she had died as a result of an accidental prescription drug overdose. Kairis' parents, who always believed their daughter was raped and murdered by her college boyfriend, requested a lengthy state investigation into their daughter's death due to their belief that the Winter Park Police Department botched the case. On March 4, 2004, Bruce Hyma, the Miami-Dade County chief medical examiner and expert toxicologist hired by State Attorney Lawson Lamar ruled that Kairis had committed suicide via a prescription drug overdose. The seven-year investigation was officially closed on April 13, 2005. Regardless of the investigation's outcome, the Kairis family asked then Governor Jeb Bush to bring in an outside medical examiner to take another look at the case and autopsy results and order an independent investigation of their daughter's death to resolve what they called the "Dueling Medical Examiners".

Security measures
In September 2011, as a result of robbery suspects use of the campus to hide from law enforcement officers as well as the armed robbery of two students who were sitting in a car outside their dormitory within one week, the college's administration initiated discussions on new security measures. Some measures included blocking or limiting access to four of the school's entrances and installing new security cameras to assure student and faculty safety on campus.Suspect in violent robbery at Rollins College on the run  from Central Florida News 13 26 September 2011 On January 7, 2014, a full-scale drill with armed police officers was held to make sure the college was ready in the event a hostile incident was to take place on campus. In October 2014, school officials alerted the student body of four incidents at one of its public parking garages near the campus where female students were threatened by a male aggressor.

Campus

The  campus contains a range of amenities, including a theater for performing arts; the Cornell Campus Center; and the Alfond Sports Center. The college is located in a picturesque setting in Winter Park, FL right across from Park Avenue.

 Architecture
The Rollins campus is well known for its highly decorative Spanish and Mediterranean Revival style architecture. According to College Historian and Professor Emeritus Jack C. Lane, the Spanish-Mediterranean style blended best with the natural environment of Florida, and that Rollins 8th president Hamilton Holt felt "the college's unified curriculum should be reflected in the architectural style." Lane goes on to state that Rollins' campus architecture has stayed consistent since its opening, and that "the college has been extremely fortunate to have leaders who recognized the significance of architectural style for the educational process. By making certain that new buildings retained a harmony of design, these leaders left present and future generations a deeply profound legacy: architectural beauty and unity create a spiritual sense of place that inspires the entire educational and social life of a college."

Pugsley Hall & Mayflower Hall
In 1930, President Holt announced the gifts of Cornelius Pugsley and an anonymous donor for the construction of two women's dormitories, with their interiors designed by Virginia Huntington Robie. Pugsley and Mayflower Halls were dedicated in 1931. Mayflower Hall received its name from the Pilgrim ship. The Society of Friends at Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, gave Rollins a 16-inch section of beam from the ship, which, it had been discovered, had been salvaged to build a haybarn in England. The block of wood was placed above the fireplace in Mayflower Hall. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity moved into Pugsley Hall in 1997 and have occupied it all but one academic year since. In the 1990s, there were rows of shrubbery on either side of the sidewalk leading up to Pugsley Hall, which sits at the end of Park Avenue.

Chase Hall
Chase Hall was built in 1908. It was first used as a men's dormitory until 1966. From 1966 until 1999 it was used by the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, followed by the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. The Lucy Cross Center for Women and Their Allies was established in 2010 at Rollins College in Chase Hall, Room 205. The center is named after Lucy Cross, the "Mother of Rollins College" (see above).

Cross Hall
Cross Hall is named after Lucy Cross, the "Mother of Rollins College" (see above).

 Hooker Hall
Hooker Hall was named after, the first president of Rollins College, Edward Payson Hooker (1838-1904). The building was originally used as housing for the Theta Kappa Nu fraternity then, in 1939, the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity moved in. Hooker was a Chi Psi at Middlebury College (Mu '54) and played an integral part in bringing the Chi Psi chapter, Alpha Mu Delta, to Rollins in 1977. Today, Hooker Hall is home to the Chi Psi fraternity, and is known to many faculty and students as The Chi Psi Lodge.

Pinehurst Cottage
The Rollins College website states that Pinehurst Cottage and Knowles I, the two structures established when the college founded, suffered a fire in 1909 which destroyed Knowles Hall and scorched Pinehurst's exterior. Pinehurst, originally a women's residence hall, over the years transformed into a men's dormitory, co-ed dormitory, the home of President Ward, a Library, chemistry lab, infirmary and then classroom. In November 1985, Pinehurst received Winter Park's Historic Preservation Commission's Historic Landmark award. The college renovated to maintain the building's original appearance. Today, Pinehurst is a co-ed residence hall that houses a special interest group which promotes academic fulfillment outside the classroom.

Alfond Boathouse
Built in 1988 to fulfill the Rollins College waterski and sailing teams' needs. The Alfond Boathouse sits on lake Virginia and has a total of 3 offices used by the waterski and sailing coaches, as well as a classroom, boat bay and observation deck. The exterior was renovated in 2016.

Peace Monument

Erected in 1938 and dedicated on Armistice Day by college president Hamilton Holt, it consists of a German artillery shell, surrendered by Germany at the end of the First World War, mounted on a pedestal, bearing this inscription:

Pause, passerby and hang your head in shame

This Engine of Destruction, Torture and Death Symbolizes:
The Prostitution of the Inventor
The Avarice of the Manufacturer
The Blood-guilt of the statesman
The Savagery of the Soldier
The Perverted Patriotism of the Citizen
The Debasement of the Human Race

That it can be Employed as an Instrument of Defense of Liberty, Justice and Right in Nowise Invalidates the Truth of the Words Here Graven.

—Hamilton Holt

The top half of the monument was stolen by vandals during World War II, but the plaque from the bottom half survives and is in the stairwell leading to the second floor of the Mills Memorial building.

In 2000, the Rollins College's Peace Monument was featured in a New York Times article.

Winter Park Institute
The Winter Park Institute, located in the Osceola Lodge on Interlachen Avenue, brings scholars, leaders, and artists from diverse fields of disciplines and expertise to the Rollins campus for symposiums, seminars, lectures, interviews, exhibits, readings, and master classes that are always free and open to the public. Following the legacy began by President Hamilton Holt and continued by President Hugh McKean, the Institute launched in the fall of 2008, the first guest being U.S. poet laureate Billy Collins, who has returned every year since. Other guests include Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Ken Burns, Gloria Steinem, Jane Goodall, Paul Simon, Itzhak Perlman, Nicholas Kristof, Sheryl Wu Dunn, Jane Pauley, and most recently, Sir Paul McCartney.

Olin Library
Rollins' Olin Library was dedicated in 1985, with a US$4.7 million grant from the F.W. Olin Foundation ($ today). It is four stories high, with  containing thousands of volumes, periodicals, serials, electronic resources, a number of special collections, and hundreds of compact discs, DVDs, and videotapes. From 1909 until 2011, the library was a federal government documents repository. Olin still provides access to hundreds of online government resources.  Olin Library was one of three recipients of the 2013 ACRL Excellence in Academic Libraries Award.

In 2021, Olin Library collaborated with Rollins' Department of Art & Art History and the Rollins Museum of Art to establish the Rollins Book Arts Collection, an interdisciplinary teaching collection, directly supporting the College's curriculum and its long tradition of liberal education. The purpose of the collection is to use art as a medium through which students can better understand multifaceted issues — global politics, economies, cultures; the tensions around social structures and marginalized populations; conflicts between human development and the environment; art as a concept, expression, and a communication tool; and other contemporary issues that students will encounter in their coursework and everyday lives. It can be accessed in the reading room of Olin Library's Archives and Special Collections.

Olin Electronic Research and Information Center
The Olin Electronic Research and Information Center was also established in 1998 with a second gift of US$2.7 million from the F.W. Olin Foundation ($ today). The center features the latest technology, including computer stations, color printers, scanners, audio and video digitizers, compact discs, videodiscs, and videotapes. These tools facilitate creativity as students pursue research questions, prepare multimedia presentations, and create Web pages.

Origins as a "Carnegie Library"
Olin Libraries' collection is one of the oldest and most extensive in Central Florida, dating back (1909-1951) to its Carnegie Library founding as one of the original 14 Florida libraries funded by Andrew Carnegie. The original collection, at the founding of Rollins College in 1885, consisted of one Christian Bible and one dictionary. According to Cohen (2006), Carnegie's "donation of 108 libraries to colleges in the first two decades of the twentieth century assisted 10% of the institutions of higher learning in the United States. Carnegie had a preference for colleges and universities that served African-American students, which Rollins College president William Fremont Blackman noted the school did in a letter to Carnegie appealing for a library in 1904:

Blackman's request consisted of $35,000 in total ($ today): "$20,000 for a fireproof building, $3,000 for books, and $12,000 as an endowment for the continued purchase of books" ($, $ and $ today respectively). Blackman received a response from Carnegie's secretary James Bertram that noted the request was too general for consideration, and that Carnegie would need a profile of the university before consideration. Little progress was made for over a year, when Blackman again wrote to Carnegie, noting the university's need for a library. Trustees and friends of the university wrote to Carnegie on Blackman's behalf, including W.W. Cummer, a trustee from Jacksonville who served on the board of the city's new Carnegie Library. A letter dated 22 June 1905 and written from Carnegie's home in Scotland brought the welcome news of the offer of a library. Carnegie offered $20,000 ($ today) for the construction of a library provided that the same amount would be raised for the library's upkeep. While grateful for Carnegie's proposal, Blackman was uneasy with its terms because the amount of funding required to match Carnegie's offer would put a strain on those who had donated to start the college's endowment fund of $200,000 as well as paid a debt of $30,000 ($ combined today). In correspondence to Bertram dated July 11, 1905, Blackman wrote (according to Cohen):

In a January 1906 letter Blackman wrote to Carnegie expressing concern about meeting the conditions for the gift, noting that the college had a large debt that took "considerable self-sacrifice on the part of our friends." That summer, another Florida college, Stetson University, was awarded $40,000 ($ today) for a library from Carnegie. Upon learning this Blackman again wrote to Carnegie, seeking to amend the original terms of the agreement to match the amount that Stetson was awarded. He was turned down, but a year later was able to notify Carnegie that the school's trustees had been able to match the $20,000 necessary for the gift to be awarded. Bertram wrote to Blackman to inform him that Carnegie had "authorized his Cashier…to arrange payments on Library Building, as work progresses, to the extent of Twenty Thousand Dollars." ($ today) The library, to be named Carnegie Hall, was dedicated on February 18, 1909.

The building had over 8,000 square feet of space, and was the school's first dedicated library building. It served as a library from 1909 until 1951. In addition to its function as a library, Carnegie Hall also served as the school's post office. Since the library was moved from Carnegie to the newly built Mills Memorial Library, it has also housed a bookstore, admissions office, faculty offices, and human resources office.

Archibald Granville Bush Science Center
The Bush Science Center at Rollins has state of the art SMART classrooms, faculty offices, and 38 teaching and research laboratories for the physical and behavioral sciences, mathematics, and computer science. The science center is where Donald J. Cram launched his chemical studies, becoming the 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry.  Construction of the redesign of the Archibald Granville Bush Science Center began in the spring of 2012 and was completed prior to the beginning of the fall 2013 semester.  The science center, which has 103,580 square feet and cost $30 million to upgrade ($ today), is now the largest building at Rollins. It has three floors and includes 51 offices, 15 classrooms, 15 teaching labs, 19 research labs and 18 student/faculty lounges.

Rollins Museum of Art
The Cornell Fine Arts Museum is located on school grounds and contains works of art and objects from antiquity to the 21st century. The museum was built instead of what would have been the Ackland Art Museum at Rollins; millionaire and amateur art collector William Hayes Ackland (1855-1940) wanted to leave his fortune to a Southern university for an art museum and narrowed his choices to Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Rollins, in that order. After Ackland's death, Duke refused the request, and UNC and Rollins, excised from Ackland's final will, both brought suit to locate Ackland's museum on their campuses. In a case that went to the United States Supreme Court, Ackland's trustees sided with UNC, but a lower court ruled for Rollins; a higher court finally granted the bequest to UNC. Rollins was represented in the case by former U.S. attorney general Homer Cummings.

Annie Russell Theatre
The Annie Russell Theatre is a historic theater in Winter Park, Florida, located on the premises of Rollins College. The theatre was named after the English-born actress Annie Russell in 1931, who taught at Rollins until she died of lung disease in 1936. It was designed by the architect Richard Kiehnel of Kiehnel and Elliott.  In October 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Knowles Memorial Chapel

The Knowles Memorial Chapel is a historic chapel on the Rollins campus. In February 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Ground was broken for the chapel on March 9, 1931, and the cornerstone was laid on May 12 of the same year. The dedication service for the chapel took place just a year later on March 29, 1932.  Though founded by a Congregational Church educational committee, Rollins has no religious affiliation, so the chapel is interdenominational. A Protestant service is held on Sunday mornings, and Catholic Mass is held on Sunday evenings.

A highlight of the chapel is a circular window of the seven liberal arts designed by Ralph Adams Cram and William Herbert Burnham.

Walk of Fame
The Rollins Walk of Fame, which circles Mills lawn, consists of stones taken from places connected to historic people. Past college president Hamilton Holt came up with the idea in the 1920s, and based the Walk of Fame on the "ancestral walk" at his home in Connecticut. The idea, Holt wrote, was "unique in conception and execution."

Holt officially dedicated the Walk of Fame in October 1929, originally calling it the Memorial Path of Fame. Holt presented 22 stones, including stones from the homes of American luminaries George Washington, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Daniel Webster, Calvin Coolidge, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Early additions to the Walk of Fame were predominantly American, but later additions would include stones from places associated with internationally famous figures as diverse as St. Augustine, Emperor Humayun, and William Wordsworth. By 1932 the Walk of Fame had over 200 stones, many of which Holt himself had brought back to campus: the Charles Dickens stone he had picked up while visiting Gad's Hill, and he claimed that the Mohammed stone was brought back from Mecca by a student's sister, "at the risk of fine and imprisonment."

After Holt retired as president of the college in 1949, there no longer existed a central authority for the Walk of Fame, and over the next two decades stones began to disappear, often around graduation time; many were thrown into Lake Virginia. Only in the 1980s, under the presidency of Thaddeus Seymour (president from 1978 to 1990), was there an Official Lapidarian responsible for taking care of the stones. As of 2003, the Walk of Fame had about 530 stones, the vast majority (455) honoring men. Most stones are associated with specific people, but a few—like the stones from Australia and the Berlin Wall—honor places or events.

Academics
Rollins has three divisions that offer a variety of programs: College of Arts and Sciences; Crummer Graduate School of Business; and Hamilton Holt School.

US News states that undergraduates at Rollins can choose from about 30 majors, ranging from Latin American and Caribbean studies to computer science and biochemistry to theatre arts and dance. In addition to its undergraduate programs, Rollins offers an M.B.A. program through the Crummer Graduate School of Business. Other graduate degrees granted include Master of Public Health (MPH), Master of Arts in teaching, Master of Education in elementary education, Master of Human Resources, and Master of Liberal Studies. Its most popular undergraduate majors, by number out of 593 graduates in 2022, were:
Business Administration and Management (120)
Communication (63)
International Business/Trade/Commerce (56)
Psychology (50)
Music (30)

Admissions
Rollins' admissions process is "more selective" according to U.S. News & World Report.

For the class entering Fall 2018, 3,635 freshmen were accepted out of 5,455 applicants, a 66.6% acceptance rate, and 549 enrolled.  Fall 2018 enrolling students had an average GPA of 3.31; the middle 50% range of SAT scores was 590–680 for reading and writing, and 560–680 for math, while the ACT Composite range was 24–30.  Women constituted 58.3% of the incoming freshmen class, men 41.7%.

Rankings

Rollins College was again named No. 1 in the U.S. News & World Reports 2021 "Best Regional Universities South Rankings". The institution was also named "No. 13 overall for Best Value Universities in the South".

Rollins earned the first overall spot on U.S. News & World Reports 2021 "Best Regional Universities South Rankings". The college was also named No. 1 for "Best Undergraduate Teaching" and 14th for "Best Value Schools" in the Regional Universities South category.

According to U.S. News & World Reports 2020 "Best Regional Universities South Rankings", Rollins was ranked first overall in the southern United States out of 136 regional universities whose highest degree is a Master's, first for "Best Undergraduate Teaching", tied for fourth for "Most Innovative Schools", seventh for "Best Value", and tied for 87th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility".

The college has also been named one of the top national producers of Fulbright Scholars among Masters granting institutions throughout the U.S.  Since inception of the scholarship in 1951, 48 Rollins students have been awarded the honor, .

College of Arts and Sciences

In 2010, the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Professional Studies have a total of 1,884 students and a student to faculty ratio of 10 to 1.

Crummer Graduate School of Business
The Rollins College Crummer Graduate School of Business offers a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) through three different programs:

 The Early Advantage MBA Program is a full-time day program designed for recent college graduates with little to no work experience. Students can complete the program within 16 to 21 months.
 The Professional MBA Program is a 24-27-month program designed for students with a wide range of educational and professional experience.
 The Executive MBA Program is designed for mid-to senior-level professionals who prefer a blend of online and Saturday classes. It can be completed in 15 months.

The Rollins MBA programs are listed in several national rankings of business schools, including:Forbes: 44th in the Nation (2017)Leadership Excellence: #1 in Florida (2018)

As of 2018, the Rollins Full-Time and Part-Time MBA programs are listed as Rank Not Published, or "RNP".
The bottom quarter of rank-eligible full-time MBA programs are listed as Rank Not Published.
Rank Not Published means that U.S. News calculated a numerical rank for that program but decided for editorial reasons not to publish it.

The Rollins MBA is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.

Hamilton Holt School
Adult education courses at Rollins were initially only offered to returning World War II veterans. On September 7, 1960, the executive committee of the Board of Trustees of Rollins College gave formal authorization for the Institute for General Studies to award degrees upon completion of program requirements. On November 6, 1987, the school's name was changed to The Hamilton Holt School, in honor of Rollins' eighth president.

The Hamilton Holt School offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in a variety of majors as well as several graduate degrees. Its focus is on the non-traditional student, identified as a working individual seeking professional advancement and therefore schedules most courses in the evenings and on weekends.

Special programs

Rollins College Conference (RCC)
The Rollins College Conference, taken in the first semester of a student's freshman year, is required of all non-transfer students in the College of Arts and Sciences. The course serves as both an orientation course and a topic course in a student's area of interest.  The professor for this course will serve as the enrolled students' academic advisor until they select a major and choose a new advisor from the corresponding department.  One or two peer mentors (upperclassmen with special training) join the course and offer counseling and support to the new students.

Honors Degree Program
The Honors Degree Program allows the top students in each entering class of the College of Arts and Sciences to complete a series of special interdisciplinary seminars, which replace approximately two-thirds of the school's general education requirements. To earn an honors degree, students must also complete a thesis in their major field during their junior and senior years.

Accelerated Management Program (AMP)
The Accelerated Management Program allows selected students to earn both a BA from the College of Arts and Sciences and an MBA from the Crummer Graduate School of Business in a total of five years.  Students enrolled in this program must complete all general education and major/minor requirements prior to the conclusion of their third year.  In their fourth year, students take courses from the Early Advantage MBA program, from which credits are applied to both their undergraduate and graduate transcripts.  Upon completion of the fourth year, AMP students graduate from the College of Arts and Sciences and walk with their class at commencement.  In the fifth year, students complete the MBA degree and graduate a second time.

International programs
All three schools at Rollins offer international courses to destinations such as London, Sydney, and Madrid, among others.  Some programs are offered directly through Rollins, while others are offered through partnerships with other colleges and universities.  Students may study abroad for a week or an entire semester.

Athletics

Rollins participates in NCAA Division II's Sunshine State Conference for the majority of its sports; the college's women's lacrosse program competes as a DII independent program. The rowing teams compete in the Southern Intercollegiate Rowing Association and Florida Intercollegiate Rowing Association while the sailing squad competes in the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association. The Rollins water skiing teams compete in NCAA Division I, the only school program to do so. Rollins' athletic teams are called the Tars (an archaic name for a sailor). Rollins' Athletic Tradition includes 23 National Championships and 67 Sunshine State Conference titles. The school sponsors twenty-three varsity teams: The most successful sport in the history of Rollins is Women's Golf.  They have 13 national championship titles. In 1950 and 1956, Betty Rowland and Marlene Stewart Streit, respectively, won the women's individual intercollegiate golf championship (an event conducted by the Division of Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) — which later evolved into the current NCAA women's golf championship). In later years, Bettina Walker (1988, 1989), Debbie Pappas (1990, 1991, 1992), Mariana De Biase (2006) and Joanna Coe (2008) also became individual national champions at the Small College and NCAA Division II levels.

Campus life
Rollins College is located in Winter Park, a few minutes from downtown Orlando. There are more than 150 student clubs and organizations on campus, including a wakeboard club and ballroom dance club. The Tars, Rollins's athletic teams, compete in the NCAA Division II Sunshine State Conference and field a varsity waterskiing team among others. A sizeable Greek life on campus comprises more than 10 fraternities and sororities. About 75 percent of students live on campus in one of the residence halls or apartment complexes. In addition, there are weekly shuttles, "Rolly Trolly", to provide transport to a shopping area for the students.

 Fox Day
Fox Day is an annual tradition at Rollins. Since 1956 (except during the tenure of President Jack Critchfield, 1969–1978), each spring, the president cancels all classes, providing undergraduate students with a surprise day off to explore local beaches and amusement parks, together as a college, returning in the late afternoon for a barbecue. It's known as Fox Day, because a statue of a fox is placed on Mills Lawn (the school's main lawn), signifying the day off.

The fox statue, originally accompanied with a cat statue were a gift from Senator Murray Sams in 1934 to President Hamilton Holt as he thought it would be "fittingly enshrined" at Rollins. They originally came from France, and believed to be satirical pieces, depicting, "the Populace (Cat) making his sweeping bow in hypocritical salute to the Papacy (Fox). The statues were placed on pedestals near the old Recreational Hall which is now replaced by the pool.  Holt created a "Cat Society" for women and a "Fox Society" for men, these groups consisted of four people each, selected by an annual vote by the opposite gender of the student body for the opposite group.  The statues were only allowed to be touched by the respective privileged members. Occasionally, the statues were taken and hidden as practical jokes. However, the cat statue had been mysteriously destroyed in 1949 with the location of the remains unknown.  Since then, the fox is hidden and only brought out for Fox Day.

During Fox Day season 2015, a petition was widely circulated to include Holt and Crummer students in the popular tradition. Currently, these students are not excused from classes, limiting their involvement in the annual festivities; furthering the disconnect between the evening and graduate students on campus. In March 2020, the campus shut down and sent students home as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in no Fox Day occurrence during the 2019–2020 academic year.

Winter Park Bach Festival
Since 1935, the Winter Park Bach Festival, the third-oldest continuously operating Bach festival in the United States, has brought some of the highest caliber of classical performers from around the world to campus, for a two-week event. The 150-voice Bach Festival Society is regarded as one of the finest oratorio societies in America.

WPRK 91.5 The Best in Basement Radio
WPRK 91.5 FM the Best in Basement Radio is a non-commercial college radio station located in Winter Park, Florida, owned and operated by Rollins College. Its signal is audible in most of the Orlando metropolitan area, or from Seaworld to Sanford as said by DJs on-air.

Notable alumni

In popular culture
After a speaking appearance at Rollins in 1988, Kurt Vonnegut used it as one of the models for the school in Hocus Pocus'' in which Rollins is the former place of employment of the fictional school's president.
Henry Garfield, fourth singer of Californian punk band Black Flag, changed his surname to Rollins when he moved from Washington DC to Los Angeles in 1981 to avoid police attention. He chose the name because his friend Ian MacKaye's sister attended the Florida college.

See also
Rollins College Interracial Committee
William Phillips Hall, a one time trustee and director of the college.

References

External links

 Official athletics website
 Rollins Collegiate Wear at A History of Central Florida Podcast

Buildings and structures in Winter Park, Florida
Educational institutions established in 1885
Library buildings completed in 1909
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges in Orange County, Florida
1885 establishments in Florida
Private universities and colleges in Florida

Rollins College


Manolis Gialourakis (în , ) a fost scriitor, jurnalist și critic literar grec.

Biografie
S-a născut în 1921 în orașul Alexandria din Egipt, unde a trăit până în 1965, fiind descendent al unei familii de origine cretană. Acolo a lucrat ca jurnalist și editorialist la ziarul de limbă greacă Epifarmis și Tahridromos, publicând recenzii de carte și articole pe subiecte literare. În 1966 s-a mutat la Atena, unde a lucrat la mai multe edituri și a fost redactor la Noua enciclopedie greacă și la Marea enciclopedie de literatură neogreacă. A fost membru și vicepreședinte în 1965 a Societății Scriitorilor Greci. A murit la Atena în 7 martie 1987. Biblioteca locală din Voulismeni Lasithi, regiunea lui de origine, îi poartă numele.

Opera literară
El a publicat primele sale scrieri în revistele Neoellinika Grammata și Driros, precum și în revista studențească Mathitikos Kalamos. Opera sa literară este alcătuită din romane, eseuri și însemnări de călătorie. A realizat, de asemenea, traduceri ale unor texte literare scrise de Stendhal, Voltaire, Flaubert, Pirandello și Μaurois. Impresiile sale de călătorie în Creta au obținut în 1961 Premiul de Stat pentru literatură de călătorie. Printre scrierile sale se numără următoarele:

 Δρόμοι του Νότου, 1950
 Παρίσι, 1956
 Κάιρο, 1957
 Πέτρος Μάγνης, 1957
 Πέτρες και χώματα, 1957
 Ο Καβάφης του κεφαλαίου Τ, 1959
 Σινά, 1960
 Κρήτη, 1960
 Ιστορία των ελληνικών γραμμάτων στην Αίγυπτο, 1962
 Αλεξάνδρεια, 1963
 Καζαντζάκης, 1964
 Η μεγάλη απόφαση, 1966
 Η Αίγυπτος των Ελλήνων, 1967
 Η Αλεξάνδρεια του Καβάφη, 1974

Note

Legături externe
 Μανώλης Γιαλουράκης στον Πανδέκτη, του Εθνικού Ιδρύματος Ερευνών.
 Άρθρα του Μανώλη Γιαλουράκη  στη Νέα Εστία.

Nașteri în 1921
Decese în 1987
Jurnaliști greci
Eseiști greci
Romancieri greci
Critici literari greci

Manolis Gialourakis


Korkusuz Korkak, 1979 yapımı komedi türündeki Türk filmi. Başrolünde Kemal Sunal'ın oynadığı filmin yönetmenliğini Natuk Baytan yapmıştır

Konu
Bir şirkette masa başı bir işte çalışan ve fakir bir adam olan Mülayim, kirasını bile ödeyememektedir. İş arkadaşları tarafından ezilen ve ev sahibi tarafından evden atılmakla karşı karşıya kalan Mülayim tam bu dönemde ölümcül bir hastalığa yakalandığını öğrenir. Doktor 6 ay sonra öleceğini, son günlerini dilediği gibi yaşamasını tavsiye eder.

Birden değişen Mülayim iş arkadaşları ve patronu tarafından ezilmek bir yana, kendisi patron gibi davranmaya başlar. Mahalleye bırakılmış bir bomba ile oyuncak gibi oynayıp, patlattığı için bombacı Mülayim lakabı takılır. Ancak bu arada aldığı son piyango biletine büyük ikramiyenin çıktığını öğrenir. Altı ay ömrü kaldığını düşünerek, tüm parasıyla bir umumi tuvalet yaptırır. Bu arada mafya babası Ayı Abbas ile Mülayim arasında mücadele başlayacaktır. Ölmek için 6 ay beklemeye sabredemeyen Mülayim, Sansar Selim aracılığıyla kendisini öldürmek üzere Gaddar Kerim'i tutar. Kerim, Abbas'ın adamlarını bertaraf eder. Bu arada aslında gayet sağlıklı olduğunu, doktorun bir hata yaptığını öğrenen Mülayim artık eskisi gibi korkusuz değildir. Hemşire Sevil, Mülayim'e yardımcı olur ama Mülayim korkusunu engelleyemez. Etrafındaki herkesi, kendi tuttuğu ve kimliğini bilmediği kiralık katil sanmaktadır. En sonunda Gaddar Kerim ve Ayı Abbas tarafından sıkıştırılan Mülayim tuhaf bir şekilde her ikisinin elinden de kurtulacaktır.

Oyuncular

 Kemal Sunal - Mülayim Sert
 Turgut Özatay - Ayı Abbas (ses. Sadettin Erbil)
 Ayşin Atav - Hemşire Sevil
 Nejat Gürçen - Patron (ses. Ünal Gürel)
 Zafer Önen - Müdür
 Hikmet Taşdemir - Gaddar Kerim (ses. Doğan Bavli)
 Rıza Pekkutsal - Memur
 Belkıs Dilligil - Melek Hanım
 Hakkı Kıvanç - Hakkı (ses. O. Nuri Ergün)
 Aynur Akkum - Esin Hanım (ses. Gülçin Akçay)
 Renan Fosforoğlu - Doktor Celal (ses. Ersan Uysal)
 Muhteşem Durukan - Sansar Selim (ses. Timuçin Caymaz)
 Zeki Alpan - Nuri Amca
 Muzaffer Nebioğlu - Mehtap
 Yavuz Şeker - Amorti Kazım
 Kamer Sadık - Mülayim Ters (ses. Zafer Önen)
 Remziye Fırtına - Bedia Hanım (ses. Göksel Kortay)
 Yadigar Ejder - Tetikçi (ses. Sait Ergenç)
 Yaşar Şener - Gazeteci (ses. Ayton Sert)
 Yılmaz Meydaneri - Gazeteci
 Ajlan Altuğ - Topal Hüsnü (ses. Avni Yalçın)
 Orhan Çoban - Kör Hamza (ses. Ayton Sert)
 Süheyl Eğriboz - Mahalleli
 Yusuf Çağatay - Mahalleli
 Celal Yonat - Arap (ses. Muharrem Gürses)
 Zeki Tüney - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı (ses. Devrim Parscan)
 Erdoğan Seren - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı (ses. Orhan Alkan)
 Kadir Kök - Gerzek Hamdi (ses. Ahmet Uz)
 Ekrem Gökkaya - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı
 Bedri Uğur - Çayçı Bedo
 Niyazi Gökdere - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı
 Giray Alpan - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı (ses. O. Nuri Ergün)
 Çetin Başaran - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı
 İhsan Özenç - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı
 Yılmaz Kurt - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı
 Dündar Aydınlı - Ayı Abbas'ın adamı
 Bahri Ateş - Mahalleli
 Ayten Koçak - Hemşire

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 SinemaTürk'te Korkusuz Korkak

1979 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
Türk polisiye komedi filmleri
İstanbul'da çekilmiş filmler
Natuk Baytan'ın yönettiği filmler
Türk gangster filmleri
Türk vigilante filmleri
Erdoğan Tünaş'ın senaryosunu yazdığı filmler
Yahya Kılıç'ın yapımcısı olduğu filmler
Rafet Şiriner'in görüntülediği filmler
1970'lerde Türkçe filmler
1979 çıkışlı komedi filmleri

Korkusuz Korkak


Matarazzo (por. Edifício Matarazzo) je zgrada gradske vijećnice brazilske financijske prijestolnice São Paula. Nekoć je nosila naziv Palača Anhangabaú (por. Palácio do Anhangabaú). Poznata je po vrtu na krovu zgrade i heliodromu.

Dizajnirao ju je talijanski arhitekt Marcello Piacentini u Art deco stilu.

Povijest
Zgradu je dao izgraditi brazilski indstrijalac Francisco Matarazzo Júnior kao središnju zgradu svojeg poslovnog carstva. Neboder je tu ulogu imao od kraja 1930-ih do 1972. kada je prodan njemačkoj autoindustriji Audi.

Matarazzo se nalazi u četvrti Viaduto do Chá u središtu grada. Zgrada je do 2004. godine bila u vlasništvu tvrtke Banespa nakon čega je predana gradskim vlastima São Paula kao način otplate duga od 885 milijuna reala. Nakon toga grad je na sebe preuzeo obvezu otplate ostatka duga od 156 milijuna reala u sljedeće četiri godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Roteiro - Edifício Matarazzo
 Edifício Matarazzo

Građevine u Brazilu
Građevine u São Paulu
Zgrade

Matarazzo


Lago Songkhla (en tailandés: ทะเลสาบสงขลา) es el lago natural más grande de Tailandia, situado en la península malaya en el sur del país. Con una superficie de 1.040 km² limita con las provincias de Songkhla y de Phatthalung. A pesar de ser llamado un lago, el agua superficial es en realidad un complejo de lagunas.

El lago está dividido en tres partes bien diferenciadas. La parte sur se abre por un estrecho de 380 m de ancho en el Golfo de Tailandia en la ciudad de Songkhla, y contiene agua salobre.

Véase también
 Geografía de Tailandia
 Geografía de Asia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Mapa de localización del lago

Lagos de Tailandia

Lago Songkhla


Pomaklar (, ), Balkanlar'da Rodop Dağları, Kuzey Bulgaristan ile Aşağı Trakya ve Makedonya bölgelerinde yaşayan Müslüman Slav bir halktır. Müslümanlığı seçen Bulgarlara da verilen bir isimdir.

Osmanlı'nın Balkanlar'a yaptığı akınlarda Müslümanlığı seçen bir topluluktur. Mübadele anlaşmaları sonucu Yunanistan'da ikamet eden Pomakların bir bölümü; Trakya'da boşaltılan Rum köylerine yerleştirilmiştir.

Müslüman olmalarından dolayı Bulgarlar milliyetçileri tarafından sürekli baskıya, ötekileştirilme politikasına ve katliama maruz kalmışlardır.

Balkan Savaşlarıyla Pomaklar üzerindeki baskı artmış, savaş sırasında Bulgaristan Genelkurmay Harekât Dairesi Başkanı Orgenaral Sarafov'un emriyle, Rodop ve Pirin bölgelerinde bütün Müslüman Pomakların resmen Hristiyanlaştırılması ve Bulgarlaştırılması, kabul etmeyenlerin ise imha edilmesi kararı alınmıştır. Balkan Savaşları ve sonrasında Bulgarların, Pomaklar ve diğer unsurlar üzerinde izledikleri Hristiyanlaştırma politikaları daha sistematik şekilde sürmüştür. 1912 ve 1942 tarihleri arasında isim değiştirme kampanyaları sırasında Bulgar yöneticilileri tarafından Pomak köylerine papazlar gönderilerek zorla Hristiyanlaşmaları yönünde çaba sarf etmişlerdir.

Balkan Savaşı'nın bitmesiyle birlikte Pomaklara uygulanan baskı ve asimilasyon politikası daha da şiddetlenince, Osmanlı Devleti'nin Sofya Elçisi Fethi Bey (Okyar), Sofya Ateşemiliteri Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile birlikte Bulgar Hükûmeti'nin bu uygulamalarından vazgeçmesi, uyguladıkları asimilasyon ve soykırımı engellemek ve farkındalık oluşturmak için çalışma başlatmışlardır. Fethi Bey, Osmanlı Devleti'nin Pomak köylerinde Hristiyan din adamlarının uzaklaştırılması dışında herhangi bir önemli adım atmadığını, gerekli önlemlerin biran önce alınmasını istemiştir.

Tarih
93 Harbi'nin sonunda, Vǎča vadisinde bulunan yaklaşık 20 Pomak köyünde çıkmış, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Doğu Rumeli vilayetinden özerklik elde edilmesiyle sonuçlandı. Büyük bir köy olan Timraş'ı yönetim merkezi alarak kurulan özerk Pomak Timraş Cumhuriyeti 8 yıl kadar sürebilmiş, 1886'da Bulgaristan egemen olmuştur.

Dil

Pomakların ana dili; Bulgarcanın bir lehçesi olan Pomakçadır.

Bazı Pomakça örnekler

Znayete li pomaşki? - Pomakça bilir misiniz?
Da, ubavu znayem - Evet, güzel (iyi) bilirim
Ya samo malku pomaşki znayem - Ben sadece biraz Pomakça bilirim
Koy ste vie? - Siz kimsiniz?
Kak ste vie? - Nasılsınız?
Ya sam Pomak - Ben Pomak'ım
Kolku ste gudini? - Kaç yaşındasınız?
Na tridesat gudini sam - Otuz yaşındayım
Va den vremetu mlogu ubavu - Bu gün hava çok güzeldir
Ti dyeka vodiş? - Sen nereye gidiyorsun?
Ya vodam na seloto - Ben köye gidiyorum
Ya şe vorvam na kasabota - Ben kasabaya döneceğim

Pomak yerleşimleri

Türkiye

Pomakların Türkiye Trakya'sı ve Anadolu'ya ilk gelişleri 93 Harbinin hemen ertesidir. Bu sebeple halk arasında  93 mâcırı olarak da bilinirler. Kırklareli'den Samsun'a, Samsun'dan Eskişehir'e, Eskişehir'den İzmir'e kadar geniş bir bölgede çoğunlukla yaşarlar.

Bafra, Çarşamba, Balıkesir, Bursa, Karacabey, Gönen, Manyas, Darıca, Şevketiye, Erdek, Edincik, Yenice, Çan, Biga, Edirne, İpsala, Keşan, Uzunköprü, Beykoz, Beylikdüzü, Çatalca, Silivri, Adapazarı, Söğütlü, Ferizli, Babaeski, Demirköy, İğneada, Vize, Soğucak, Soma.

Aydın

Didim

Kırklareli
Lüleburgaz, Babaeski, Kofçaz, Saray, Karaağaç, Pehlivanköy,Eskitaşlı,
Alpullu, Katranca, Büyük Mandıra, Kuştepe köyü, Alacaoğlu köyü, Kocahıdır beldesi, Beğendik, Üsküp,Kırıkköy, Yenice,Poyralı

Sivas
Divriği, Zara, Suşehri, Akıncılar ve İmranlı ilçeleri başta olmak üzere azınlık bir şekilde yayılmışlardır.

Edirne
Merkeze bağlı Musabeyli köyü, Karahamza köyü, Havsa, Azatlı köyü, Abalar Köyü, Naipyusuf Köyü, Orhaniye köyü Küplü beldesi, Hasırcıarnavut köyü, Kavaklı köyü, Subaşı beldesi,  ile Uzunköprü'nün, Sipahi,Uzunköprü|Kurtbey]], Hasanpınar, Çöpköy, Kırcasalih, Yağmurca, Sazlımalkoç, Başağıl, Kadı, Kadıgebren ve Yağmurca köyleri. Keşan'ın Koruklu köyü, Yeşil, Orhaniye, Suluca, Çobançeşmesi köyü, İpsala (Esetçe) beldesi, Aliçopehlivan köyü, Enez'in Sultaniçe, Hacı ve Pazardere İbrikte köyleri.Sipahi\Turnacı\Sultanşah Uzun köprü (Gazihalil)

Tekirdağ
Süleymanpaşa 'nın Barbaros Kasabası, Şarköy'ün Yayaağaç, Kocaali ve Yeniköy köylerinde. Hayrabolu,Saray, Şalgamlı beldesi, Çerkezmüsellim kasabası, Büyük Danişment köyü, Malkara'da Prafça (Çınaraltı köyü), Hayrabolu ve Popköy (Kabahöyük).

Çanakkale
Bigada 22 köyde Gelibolu Çeşmealtı köyü, Yeniköy, Değirmendüzü, Tayfurlar ile İlyağa köyleri.

Balıkesir
Gönen'in Dumanalan, Kocapınar, Hafızhüseyinbey, Hodul, Hasan Bey, Atıcıoba köyleri. Erdek, Yukarıyapıcı, Belkıs, Ballıpınar, Düzler, Ocaklar, Narlı, İlhanlar, Gölyaka, (Simavlı köyü), Doğanlar, Turanlar, Çakıl köyü, Manyas, İvrindi'nin Aşağıkaleoba köyü,
Sındırgı'ya bağlı Şahinkaya köyü.

İzmir
İzmir, Gaziemir, Bayındır, Dikili ve Kemalpaşa'nın çeşitli köylerinde.

Manisa
Manisa'nın Soma İlçesindeki Turgutalp Mahallesi (Kasaba), Karaağaçlı köyü. Demirci ilçesinde Bardakçı köyü.

Bursa
Mudanya'nın Dere köyü ve Yalıçiftlik köyü, Çanakkale'nin Çal köyü, Çan (Yaykın köyü), Irbaalan, İlyasağa köyü, Havdan köyü. Gemlik'in Benlik köyü. İnegöl.

Bilecik
Bilecik'in Şükraniye köyü, Küplü köyü ve Vezirhan köyü. Bozüyük ilçesinin Saraycık köyü. Osmaneli ilçesinin Orhaniye köyü

Eskişehir
Eskişehir Osmaniye Beldesi,Karakamış Mahallesi Beylikova İlçesi, Uzunburun köyü Bağçecik köyü

Kocaeli
Karamürsel'in Yalakdere köyü (Moglena bölgesinden mübâdil)

Sakarya
 Sakarya, Ahmediye köyü.

Konya
 Konya, Ilgın ilçesinin Boğazkent köyü, Çumra ilçesinin Gökhüyük köyü.

Bulgaristan

Pomaklar, Bulgaristan'da Smolyan, Blagoevgrad, Pazarcık, Velingrad, Razlık, Yakorit, Kırcaali, Goce Delčev bölgelerinde ve Mesta Vadisi, Rodop Dağları'nda sıkışık alanlarda yaşamaktadır. Lofça Bölgesi civârında ise küçük Pomak grupları bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Pomakların %50'si Rodop Dağları'nın güneyinde bulunmaktadır. Bulgaristan İçişleri Bakanlığı'nın 1989'da Müslüman Bulgarlar ismi altında yaptırdığı çalışmada, nüfuslarının 268.971 ile toplam nüfusun %3'ünü oluşturduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Yunanistan
Nâhiyesindeki 26 köyde Pomak grubu yaşıyordu. Alman gezgin Adolf Struck'un Karacaova'ya yaptığı gezi sonucu yazdığı kitapta Gostolyub (Konstantia) gibi 300 nüfuslu ve iki parçalı köylerde sadece Pomakların yaşadığını söylüyor. Ayrıca Karacaova'daki Vlahlar (Meglen-Aromanians) üzerine araştırma yapan Theodor Capidan  kitabında bu bölgede Pomakların yaşadığını ifade ediyor. Şu an İskeçe ve Gümülcine'de 30.000 civarında Pomak yaşamaktadır.

Kuzey Makedonya
Kuzey Makedonya'da Pomaklar Berova, Debre, Manastır, Struga, Dolna Reka ve Üsküp civarında yaşamaktadırlar. Nüfusları tam tespit edilememekle birlikte toplam 40.000 olduğu söylenmektedir.

Arnavutluk
Arnavutluk'ta Pomaklar genellikle Kuzey Makedonya sınırı civarında yaşamaktadırlar. Fakat bugüne kadar Arnavutluk Pomakları hakkında çok da ayrıntılı araştırma olmamıştır hatta tamamen yok sayılmışlardır. Tahmin edilen nüfusları oldukça ilgi çekicidir. Çünkü kaynaklar Arnavutluk'taki Pomak nüfusunu 80.000-120.000 olduğunu tahmin etmektedirler.

Diğer yerler
Tüm bunların yanında 1878 göçleri döneminde 20.000 ailenin İtalya'ya ve 1.000 ailenin de İsviçre'ye göç ettirildiği ve iskân edildikleri verisi mevcuttur.

Pomak Mutfağı

Ayrıca bakınız
Torbeşler
Goranlar
Boşnaklar
Çitaklar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Pomak.eu Forum
 Hjusein Mehmed. Pomacite i Torbešite v Mizija, Trakija i Makedonija, С., 2007.
 Pomaknews.com Nezavisen glas na Pomaci
 Sercan Ahincanov - Kıpçaklar & Türk Halklarının Katalizör Boyu, Selenge Yayınları, 2014, s.150
 TRAKYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ Edirne: 2008 / Prof.Dr. İlker Alp Pomak Türkleri
 BALKANLARDA POMAK TÜRKLERİ / Prof.Dr. Hüseyin Memişoğlu.

Pomaklar
Türkiye'deki etnik gruplar
Bulgaristan'daki etnik gruplar
Torbeşler

Pomaklar


L'uomo meccanico (The Mechanical Man em Inglês, O Homem Mecânico em Português) é um filme italiano de ficção científica de 1921 dirigido por André Deed (que também participou como ator do personagem cômico Saltarello). É um dos primeiros filmes de ficção científica produzidos na Itália e o primeiro a mostrar uma batalha entre dois robôs. O diretor de fotografia foi Alberto Chentrens.

Por muitos anos, o filme, com cerca de 80 minutos de duração,  foi considerado perdido, até que vários rolos da versão em português foram descobertos na Cinemateca Brasileira. Cerca de 26 minutos (740 metros) ainda estão perdidos. O crítico de cinema Christopher Workman teorizou que o filme influenciou Metropolis de Fritz Lang (1927).

O diretor Deed começou sua carreira de ator na França e depois se mudou para a Itália. Depois de terminar O Homem Mecânico, voltou para a França. Dirigiu cerca de 40 filmes e atuou em mais de 200, antes de morrer em 1940.

Argumento
Um cientista cria um dispositivo em forma de homem que pode ser controlado remotamente por uma máquina. O homem mecânico possui velocidade e força sobre-humanas. No entanto, o cientista é morto por uma gangue de criminosos liderada por uma mulher chamada Mado, que quer obter seu segredo para construir o homem mecânico. Os malandros são capturados antes que possam obtê-lo, e são levados a julgamento e condenados. Mado consegue escapar e sequestra a sobrinha do cientista, o que a obriga a lhe dar os planos e constrói outro robô, e controlado por ela comete vários crimes.

O irmão do cientista (Gabriel Moreau), no entanto, consegue criar outro homem mecânico que ele usa para lutar contra o original. Os dois robôs lutam entre si no teatro da ópera e acabam se destruindo a si mesmos e o teatro. Durante a batalha final, Mado tenta freneticamente controlar o robô e é eletrocutado no painel de controle por um curto-circuito.

Elenco

 André Deed: Modestino D'Ara, Saltarello
 Valentina Frascaroli: Margherita Donadieff, Mado
 Mathilde Lambert: Elena D'Ara
 Gabriel Moreau: Professor D'Ara
 Fernando Vivas-Maio
 Giulia Costa

Imagens perdidas
A maior parte perdida do filme consiste nas imagens do terço inicial. Os créditos do elenco também foram perdidos, e portanto alguns personagens não podem ser identificados.

Galeria

Notas
As informações são referenciadas no lançamento em DVD de Alpha Video .

Baker, Kage (2012). Ancient Rockets Treasures and Train Wrecks of the Silent Screen (1st ed.)

Chicago: Tachyon Publications. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9781616961121. Sterling, Bruce (21 May 2012). "Showtime: L'Uomo Meccanico, 1921".

Veja também

links externos

 Lista de filmes de domínio público nos EUA
 O Homem Mecânico (1921) - IMDb
 Cinemateca Brasileira
 5000 filmes gratuitos em domínio público (europapress, em castelhano)
Filmes da Itália de 1921
Filmes da Itália
Filmes gravados na Itália

L'uomo meccanico


Die Karhofhöhle ist eine Höhle im mitteldevonischen Massenkalk bei Balve im Hönnetal. Die Höhle ist 125 m lang und liegt im Karhof-Kalkstein-Massiv, das sich rechts und links der Grübecker Straße, die durch das Grübecker Tal nach Neheim-Hüsten führt, befindet.

Sie wurde 1891 von Emil Carthaus untersucht.

Der Name der Höhle geht auf den früheren Eigentümer, den Landwirt Karhof aus Volkringhausen, zurück. Die Höhle befindet sich im Privatbesitz der Rheinisch-Westfälischen-Kalkwerke, Betriebsabteilung Hönnetal.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Höhlen im Sauerland

Weblinks

 Drahtohrringe aus Bronze aus der Karhofhöhle

Einzelnachweise

Höhle in Europa
Höhle im Märkischen Kreis
Geographie (Balve)

Karhofhöhle


جواب اٍحدى بلديات دائرة السواقي ولاية المدية بالجزائر. تقع في الجنوب الشرقي للولاية ناحية شلالة العذاورة شمالا.

المصادر

أماكن مأهولة في ولاية المدية
جواب

جواب (ولاية المدية)


Zlatna akacija (lat. Acacia pycnantha), vrsta drveta iz porodice mahunarki, autohtono u jugoistočnoj Australiji, ali danas ga se može naći i po Europi, Africi i Aziji.

Obično naraste između 3 i 8 metara visine, a najveća visina zabilježena je u Maroku, gdje je primjerak ovog drveta izrastao na 12 metara visine.

Listovi su zimzeleni, cvjetovi su žute boje, Hermafroditi.

Opsežan sustav korijena ove biljke pomaže u sprječavanju erozije tla; Često se sadi u tu svrhu na pješčanim obalama; Kora je bogata taninom; Na 10% vlazi, kora sadrži 40,8% tanina;
Od cvjetova se dobiva žuta a od njezinih mahuna zelena boja.

Predatori
Postoji popis od 16 vrsta predatora na ovoj biljci, to su
 Agrilus hypoleucus
 Capusa cuculloides
 Clavaspis subfervens
 Dromaius novaehollandiae
 Hypochrysops delicia
 Hypochrysops ignitus
 Jalmenus evagoras
 Jalmenus icilius
 Jalmenus lithochroa
 Leipoa ocellata
 Melanococcus froggatti
 Nacaduba biocellata
 Neomorgania eucalypti
 Nothomyrmecia macrops
 Theclinesthes miskini
 Trullifiorinia acaciae

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Akacije
Flora Viktorije
Flora Južne Australije
Flora Novog Južnog Walesa

Zlatna akacija


نظام نقل تيار الجهد العالي المستمر  أو (HVDC) يستخدم التيار المستمر لنقل القدرات العالية، مقارنة بأنظمة النقل الشائعة التي تستخدم التيار المتردد. تعتبر طريقة النقل بواسطة HVDC أكثر فعالية من النقل بواسطة HVAC وذلك عند المسافات البعيدة نسبيا بينما يكون العكس هو الأنسب في المسافات القصيرة ويعود ذلك إلى المقارنة بين تكاليف المحولات وبين تكاليف العاكسات.

تم تطوير النموذح الحديث من تكنولوجيا النقل خلال الاعوام 1930 - 1940 في السويد. وظهرت منها إصدارات في السوفيت عام 1951 بين موسكو وكاشيرا، نظام اخر في غوتلاند في السويد عام 1954. تعتبر انغا- شابا هي أطول وصلة نقل (طولها حوالي 1700 كم) بقدرة 600 ميغاوات وتصل بين انغا وشابا.

نقل الجهد العالي
يستخدم الجهد العالي لنقل الكهرباء وذلك لتقليل الفقد الكهربائي متمثلة في المقاومة الكهربائية و ممانعة الكابلات. من المعلوم أن الفقد يتناسب طرديا مع مربع التيار المار في الكبلات، الأمر الذي يدعو لتخفيض التيار مقابل رفع الجهد للحفاظ على نفس القدرة (القدرة هي حاصل جداء الجهد في التيار).أي إذا كان الجهد U وتقاس الفولط وشدة التيار I ويقاس أمبير فتكون القدرة = U.I وتقاس فولط.أمبير. وطالما نحافظ على ثبات القدرة (أي من دون فاقد) يقل التيار بنفس نسبة زيادة الجهد، والعكس بالعكس.

ولأن هذا الجهد العالي يمثل خطرا كبيرا على الكائنات يتم نصب خطوط نقل الكهرباء عالية على أبراج في أماكن خالية من السكان وبعيدة عن التجمعات السكنية بقدر كاف.

في الطرف الآخر لدى المستهلك يتم تخفيض الجهد العالي مرة أخرى ليصبح ملائما للاستخدام. في الحقيقة عملية التخفيض معقدة في تلك الحالة لأن المحولات لا تعمل مع التيار المستمر وبالتالي وقد أصبح من الممكن تصميم عاكسات لتحويل التيار المستمر إلى متردد في الجهد العالي باستخدام اشباه موصلات قادرة على ذلك.

في مطلع القرن العشرين حينما اكتشف استغلال الكهرباء على نطاق واسع، فضل بعض العلماء أن يكون نقل التيار بواسطة تيار متردد وآخرين احتضنوا طريقة نقل الطاقة الكهربائية بتيار مستمر.فكان شجار واختلاف كبير في الآراء، وسميت تلك المعركة الهندسية حرب التيارات، وحسم التعارك آنداك لصالح نقل التيار المتردد، الذي هو من سمات عصر الكهرباء الذي نعيشه حتى الآن. والآن نعود إلى نفس المشكلة ويريد بعض التقنيون إعادة تطبيق طريقة نقل الكهرباء بواسطة التيار المستمر. فليس بعيدا أننا سنتعامل في المستقبل مع النوعين من نقل الطاقة في نفس الوقت، نظرا لأن لكل منهما ميزاته ومساوئه بالنسبة للتطبيقات في الإلكترونيات التي تزايد استخدامها في أيامنا الحالية.

دواعي التقنية

تنتج الطاقة الكهربائية عادة بواسطة مولدات كهربائية متزامنة في هيئة تيار متردد ذو ثلاثة أطوار، بتردد 50 هيرتز أو 60 هيرتز. ويتم نقل القدرات الكهربائية الكبيرة، أكبر من نحو 1000 ميجاوات أو أكثر من ذلك عبر مسافات طويلة قد تصل إلى عدة 100 الكيلومترات، فتحتاج إلى تقنية عالية مع تكلفة مناسبة. يضطر ذلك إلى العمل بضغط عالي فوق 400 كيلوفولط والمحافظة على انخفاض التيار المستمر بحيث لا يتعدى 5و2 كيلو أمبير.

والطريقة المعتادة هي توليد جهد عالي ذو تيار متردد في محطة القوى الكهربائية حيث تعمل مولدات كهربائية عالية القدرة وبكفاءة عالية. وفي نهاية الخط تقوم محولات كهربائية بتخفيض الجهد إلى 110 كيلوفولط أو إلى 30 كيلوفولط (30.000 فولط).

ومن أساسيات النقل الاقتصادي للتيار المتردد أن تكون السعة الكهربائية للكابل الحامل للتيار وبين الأرضي صغيرة لتقليل الفقد في الكهرباء. ويمكن تنفيذ ذلك على أبراج حمل الكبلات بجعل مسافة كافية بين كبل الكهرباء وكبل الأرضي. أما بالنسبة لكبل بحري يمتد عبر عشرات الكيلومترات فتكون سعته كبيرة بحيث تزداد تلكفة نقل التيار المتردد، نظرا لتضخم الفاقد. في تلك الحالة يكون نقل التيار المستمر أوفر اقتصاديا، حيث لا يحدث فاقد.

تطبيقات

في أوروبا تتشابك شبكات الطاقة بين بعض الدول عابرة البحار، بحيث تدعم بعضها البعض من ناحية كما تستخدم في توريد الطاقة الكهربائية المنتجة في أماكن تزداد فيها المساقط المائية مثل السويد والنرويج إلى أماكن استخدامها تستورد الطاقة. ويتم نقل الطاقة الكهربائية بواسطة تقنية التيار المستمر عن طريق كابلات قوية معزولة تحت البحر. الخريطة الملحقة لأوروبا تبين تطور تلك الشبكة العظيمة ومراحل تنفيذها.

ويتزايد في ايامنا هذه أيضا إنتاج الكهرباء بواسطة الرياح. وتقوم عدة دول ببناء حقول في عرض البحر تحتوي علي مئات أو آلاف من تلك المراوح لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية. من ضمن تلك الدول ألمانيا التي لها مجهودات ضخمة على هذا السبيل. ويبدو أن نقل الطاقة الناتجة منها عبر كابل بحري «معزول» هو أنسب طريقة لنقلها وأن يتم النقل في هيئة تيار مستمر. يقوم التقنيون حاليا بتصميم وتنفيذ محطات قوية على الشاطيء ثم القيام بتحويله إلى التيار المتردد الذي تعود الناس عليه وتوزيعه.

مراجع

انظر أيضا

 نقل الكهرباء
 تيار الجهد العالي المتردد
 خط جهد عالي
 شبكة فائقة

طاقة كهربائية

تيار الجهد العالي المستمر


An Platycoryne paludosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Robert Allen Rolfe. An Platycoryne paludosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platycoryne, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platycoryne

Platycoryne paludosa


The Philippine Sea Plate or the Philippine Plate is a tectonic plate comprising oceanic lithosphere that lies beneath the Philippine Sea, to the east of the Philippines.  Most segments of the Philippines, including northern Luzon, are part of the Philippine Mobile Belt, which is geologically and tectonically separate from the Philippine Sea Plate.

The plate is bordered mostly by convergent boundaries: To the north, the Philippine Sea Plate meets the Okhotsk Plate at the Nankai Trough. The Philippine Sea Plate, the Amurian Plate, and the Okhotsk Plate meet near Mount Fuji in Japan. The thickened crust of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc colliding with Japan constitutes the Izu Collision Zone. The east of the plate includes the Izu–Ogasawara (Bonin) and the Mariana Islands, forming the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc system. There is also a divergent boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the small Mariana Plate which carries the Mariana Islands. To the east, the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea Plate at the Izu–Ogasawara Trench. To the south, the Philippine Sea Plate is bounded by the Caroline Plate and Bird's Head Plate. To the west, the Philippine Sea Plate subducts under the Philippine Mobile Belt at the Philippine Trench and the East Luzon Trench. (The adjacent rendition of Prof. Peter Bird's map is inaccurate in this respect.) To the northwest, the Philippine Sea Plate meets Taiwan and the Nansei islands on the Okinawa Plate, and southern Japan on the Amurian Plate.
It also meets the Yangtze Plate due northwest.

See also
List of earthquakes in Guam
List of earthquakes in Japan
List of earthquakes in the Philippines

References

External links
 High-resolution map of Tectonic Plate Boundaries
 Map showing Seismicity of the Earth, 1900‒2012: Philippine Sea Plate and Vicinity United States Geological Survey

Tectonic plates
Natural history of Oceania
Natural history of the Philippines
Natural history of Taiwan
Natural history of Japan
Environment of Micronesia
Philippine Sea
Geology of the Philippines
Geology of the Pacific Ocean

Philippine Sea Plate


Akrostihum (lat. Acrostichum),  rod papratnjača u porodici bujadovki. Tri su priznate vrste raširene po tropskoj i umjerenoj Aziji, Africi, Južnoj i Sjevernoj Americi i Australaziji

Vrste
 Acrostichum aureum L.
 Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch.
 Acrostichum speciosum Willd.

Izvori

Parkerioideae

Akrostihum


Radio postaja Vrhbosna - Sarajevo je bila radio postaja na hrvatskom jeziku iz Sarajeva.

Povijest
Osnovalo ju je Hrvatsko kulturno društvo Napredak i Vrhbosanska nadbiskupija. Pokrenuta u sklopu Medijskog centra Napredak 11. travnja ratne 1993. godine tijekom opsade Sarajeva, želeći dati još jedan znak nade, ne samo Hrvatima, nego svim građanima do kojih je dopirao signal RPV-e. Uglednici društvenog, političkog i vjerskog života Sarajeva na čelu s mons. prof.dr. Franjom Topićem, predsjednikom HKD-Napredak nazočili su U otvaranju programa. Kardinal vrhbosanski Vinko Puljić blagoslovio je prostorije<ref name="HKD Napredak">Hrvatsko kulturno društvo Napredak Obilježena 20. obljetnica Radio postaje "Vrhbosna", Sarajevo, 17. travnja 2013. (pristupljeno 13. travnja 2017.)</ref>  i djelatnike radija. Zamišljena je kao građanski, ali i hrvatski i katolički radio otvoren za sve. U vremenima ratne propagande teško je bilo doći to točnih informacija, a Radio Vrhbosna pokrenuta je radi davanja točnih informacija slušateljima. Osnivači su osnovali mnogo truda i novca u postaju. Cijelog rata ni jedan dan nije ostala bez programa, unatoč skupoj i teško dostupnoj nafti uvijek je bio aktivan agregat. Emisije je emitirala na staroj opremi, miksetama još iz ratnog vremena.

U radu se susretala i s podmetanjima. Državna RTV BiH listopada 1994. jednostrano je raskinula ugovor s Vrhbosnom, demontirala joj odašiljač na Humu i ukinula rad, premda je Radio Vrhbosna uredno isplaćivala ugovorne iznose pa unatoč urednom plaćenom nije mogla kvalitetno emitirati, dok je muslimanski radio "Hayat" je kasnio s uplatama a nije nailazio na takva ometanja u radu. Odgovorni na državnoj RTV rekli su da je tako odlučila ovdašnja Vlada, dok su hrvatski predstavnici u tom organu opovrgnuli da je ikada i raspravljano a kamo li zakljuceno takvo što. Radio Vrhbosna je u tom trenu bila snage jednog kilovolta, emitirala od 15 do 24 sata, program je realizirala ekipa od 15 volontera koja je 19 mj. radila bez plaće. Čujnost je bila do 80 kilometara, do zeničke okoline. Već tada je stekla afirmaciju i popularnost kod svih naroda, je su mogli čuti i istinu s druge strane, a ne samo službene državne medije. Odnos središnje vlasti prema ovom mediju izravno je ovisio od terenske političke situacije. Pogoršavanjem odnosa Muslimana i Hrvata događala su se nestajanja struje u studiju i program bi se prestao emitirati, pa je morao stalno raditi agregat, dok je poboljšanjem političke klime program išao neometano. Washingtonski sporazum dao je nadu da takvih neugodnosti neće biti u budućnost, no njih je i dalje bilo. Vrhbosna je njegovala i razvijala čisti hrvatski jezik. Središnje informativne emisije preuzimala je s radio Hrvatske, program popunjavala vijestima, kvalitetnim izborom glazbe.

Vlasnik postaje je Medijski centar Napredak d.o.o. Sarajevo, Maršala Tita 56/I, Sarajevo. Adresa postaje bila je Maršala Tita 55, 71000 Sarajevo Djelovala je iza kavane Imperial, samo je unutar Napretkovih prostorija izmještena u druge prostorije, jer je poslije djelovala u prostorima u kojima je HKD Napredak djelovao do 2003.
Pozivni signal je RADIO VRHBOSNA, a bivši pozivni signal bio je RP VRHBOSNA.
Programska shema nije se znatnije mijenjala od osnutka, a koncipirana je tako da prati kakvoću sadržaja u govornom, ali i glazbenom smislu. Zbog bogata glazbena sadržaja rado slušana kod mnogih Sarajlija, jer su puštali glazbu koja opušta. Pouzdano se preko kontakt emisija znalo da većina slušateljstva čine slušatelji od 40 godina i stariji, no i mlađa populacija je slušala Vrhbosnu. Radili su mnogo na novim emisijama i na novim programskim shemama i privlačenju mlađeg slušateljstva, za što se planiralo stupiti u kontakt s KŠC-ovima i njihovim literarnim sekcijama, radi plana da mladi iz KŠC-a vode i uređuju jednu emisiju. Program se sastojao: Napretkova himna označavala je početak programa u osam ujutro. Slijedila je najava programa i meditacija. Svoje vijesti emitirala je u podne. Dvaput dnevno uključivao se Radija Vatikan i Radio Slobodne Europe na hrvatskom. Programsku shemu činil su kontakt-programi, glazbene želje, vremenska prognoza, emisija Na današnji dan, BIHAMK i servisne informacije, a od ostalih sarajevskih postaja razlikovala se emisijom Napredak klub u kojoj se predstavlja cjelokupni rad HKD-a te Katolički info u kojoj su slušatelji mogli čuti različite informacije iz BiH koje su prije svega bila namijenjene katolicima.
Slogan je bio Vaš radio Vrhbosna radio!''.

Postaja je planirala u budućnosti živjeti isključivo od reklama ili barem 70% od njih. Uglavnom su se financirali iz sredstava koje su dobivali donacija HKD-a Napredak. Od reklama je dolazio manji dio sredstava. Postaja je osnovala i Klub prijatelja Vrhbosne iz čije se članarine također financirala postaja. Hrvatskim tvrtkama iz BiH nisu bili toliko zanimljivi jer su pokrivali samo prostor Sarajevske županije, a Republika Hrvatska nije tako obilato izravno pomagala postaju, nego tek kroz HKD Napredak, iako je 2009. odobrila je 72.000 kn za nabavu studijske opreme. Obilata pomoć nije bila ista, jer npr. za srpski tjednik Novosti Milorada Pupovca RH je 2013. – 2016. davala najmanje 7,5 milijuna kn godišnje izravno plus još 3-4 milijuna godišnje iz drugih stavki proračuna RH. Tako si Vrhbosna nije lako mogla priušiti jedan obični predajnik koji košta 15 000 - 20 000 KM, a s dva bi mogli pokriti veći dio BiH i privući ulagače.

Zemaljski program emitirala u županiji sarajevskoj. Emitirala je na 90,5 MHz FM. Od 4. studenoga 2010. program emitira i preko Interneta. Za zemaljsko emitiranje planirali su nabaviti prijamnik koji bi omogućio svim potencijalnim slušateljima u Sarajevskoj županiji primati programe bez smetnji. U planu je bilo pokrivanje prostora Federacije BiH, što bi privuklo hrvatske ulagače. Vlastiti antenski predajnik nisu imali, nego su morali biti zakačeni na tuđi pa su stalno morali moliti nekog radi funkcionalnosti. Služili su se predajnikom na Zmajevcu. Nadali su se dobivanju lokacije na Grbavici čime bi bilo bolje za domet slušanosti.

Na Radiju Vrhbosni radili su Jasna Primorac, Dragana Orlando, Rinko Golubović, Ivan Vidačković, mons. prof.dr. Franjo Topić i drugi. Do danas na Radiju Vrhbosni ispraćene su mnoge osobe, danas poznati glasovi, ali i osobe s televizije. Direktorica je bila Snježana Dejanović Alibegović, a urednik Jadranko Avdić.

Od 9. svibnja 2016. umjesto Radija Vrhbosne na istoj frekvenciji emitira privatni Radio Mix, koji pripada RSG Radiju i Anteni Sarajevo.
18. svibnja 2016. RSG Media Group kupila je frekvenciju za svoju novu radio postaju Radio Mix na kojoj se pušta pop i folk hitove. Jedan od inicijatora projekta je bio i Halid Bešlić.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
www.vrhbosna.net  Radio Vrhbosna
Hrvatski radio  Magazine (Opatovac, Radio Vrhbosna), emitirano 7. studenoga 2015.
Twitter Radio Vrhbosna
Livestream

Radijske postaje na hrvatskom jeziku u Bosni i Hercegovini
Sarajevo

Radio Vrhbosna


Brian Sivabalan (født 24. november 1989 i Aalborg), kendt under kunsternavnet Lord Siva, er en dansk sanger med tamilske rødder fra Sri Lanka. Hans debut var med EP'en "100" i februar 2014. Samme år optrådte han som gæst i nummeret Fortæl dem på Ukendt Kunstners album Forbandede Ungdom.

I 2020 indspillede han en coverversion af dansktopgruppen Humørekspressens sang "Solhverv", som blev et stort hit og kåret til Årets hit ved Zulu Awards året efter. Årets mest indtjenende musiknummer blev "Paris" med Vera (William Frederik Asingh).

I 2020 blev han ambassadør for fodboldklubben AaB, en titel han deler med syv andre kulturpersonligheder.

Anmeldelser

I Gaffa fik 100 4 stjerner af anmelderen Maria Therese Seefeldt Stæhr.. 180 fik også 4 stjerner af samme anmelder i Gaffa.

Soundvenue gav 180 fem stjerner ud af seks mulige.

Diskografi

EP'er
 100 (2014)
 180 (2014)
 3 (2017)

Singler

 "Affiché" (feat. Karl William (2015)
 "Byen Der Larmer" (2015)
 "Vi Ses" (2016)
 "Blind" (2016)
 "3. Dag" (2017)
 "Paris" (2019)
 "Oh My God" (2019)
 "Solhverv" feat. Humørekspressen (2020)
 "Nobody's Lover" (2020) med Clara
 "Stjernerne" (2020)
 "SOS" 2022

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Rappere fra Danmark
Personer fra Aalborg
Har spillet på Roskilde Festival

Lord Siva


Marie-Andrée Bouchard-Lesieur, née en Normandie en 1993, est une mezzo-soprano française.

Biographie
Marie-Andrée Bouchard-Lesieur nait en Normandie en 1993.

Après une formation à Sciences Po Bordeaux, elle travaille depuis 2014 avec la soprano Maryse Castets au Conservatoire à rayonnement régional de Bordeaux, où elle obtient un prix de chant.

Elle intègre l'Académie de l'Opéra de Paris en 2019 et participe à des master classes avec des artistes lyriques comme Carlos Aransay, Christa Ludwig, Anne Sofie von Otter, Ludovic Tézier, Claudia Visca. Pour sa première scène au Palais Garnier elle interprète le rôle de la mère dans l'Enfant et les Sortilèges de Ravel.

Elle intègre la Nouvelle Troupe Favart de l'Opéra-Comique et obtient la Bourse Menda 2020.

En 2022, elle est nommée dans la catégorie Révélation artiste lyrique aux Victoires de la musique classique.

Prix
 premier prix du concours du Cap Ferret Music Festival
 premier prix aux Voix lyriques de Lavaur
 lauréate du Concours Bordeaux Médoc Lyrique
 2018 : premier Prix Féminin 2018 au Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux

 2020 : prix de l'Association pour le rayonnement de l'Opéra national de Paris
 2021 : prix du Cercle Carpeaux de l'Opéra de Paris
 2022 : nomination comme Révélation artiste lyrique aux Victoires de la musique classique

Rôles
Elle interprète :
 la partie d'alto solo du Messie de Haendel à l'Opéra national de Bordeaux sous la direction de Marc Minkowski (2017) ;
 le rôle d'Il Disinganno dans Il Trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno de Haendel à l'Académie baroque du Festival du Périgord Noir ;
 la partie d'alto solo de la Petite messe solennelle de Rossini à l'Opéra national de Bordeaux ;
 le Ripieno de la Grande Messe en ut mineur de Mozart avec les Musiciens du Louvre au Victoria Hall de Genève, à la Philharmonie de Paris et au Bozar de Bruxelles ;
 le rôle de Grimgerde de la Walkyrie de Wagner à l'Opéra national de Bordeaux sous la direction de Paul Daniel (2019) ;
 la deuxième dame de Médée de Cherubini avec l'Orchestre philharmonique de Vienne.
 la Mère, la Tasse Chinoise et la Libellule dans l'Enfant et les Sortilèges de Ravel à l'Opéra de Paris.
 Didon dans Didon et Énée de Purcell au festival La Grange au Lac d'Evian.
 Lucretia dans Le Viol de Lucrèce de Benjamin Britten.
 Ethel, Les Éclairs, création mondiale de Philippe Hersant sur un livret de Jean Echenoz à l'Opéra-Comique sous la direction d'Ariane Matiakh.
 La 3e dame dans La Flûte enchantée de Mozart au Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse.
 Margret dans Wozzeck d'Alban Berg à l'Opéra national de Paris, direction Susanna Mälkki.
 Une fille-fleur dans Parsifal de Wagner à l'Opéra de Paris, direction Simone Young.

Références

Liens externes

Mezzo-soprano française
Chanteuse française d'opéra
Naissance en 1993

Marie-Andrée Bouchard-Lesieur


An Tripogon sichuanicus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Sylvia Mabel Phillips ngan Shou Liang Chen. An Tripogon sichuanicus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tripogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tripogon

Tripogon sichuanicus


Anthony Grey,  baron Lucas, titré comte d'Harold ( - ) est un pair et courtisan britannique.

Biographie
Il est le fils aîné d'Henry Grey (1er duc de Kent), et de sa femme, Jemima Crew.

Le 17 février 1718, il épouse Mary Tufton, une fille et cohéritière de Thomas Tufton (6e comte de Thanet), par sa femme Catharine Cavendish.

Il est appelé à la Chambre des lords, par bref d'accélération dans la baronnie de son père Lucas, le 8 novembre 1718.

Lord Harold est un lord de la chambre à coucher de George, prince de Galles, futur roi George II, de 1720 jusqu'à sa mort en 1723, à l'âge de 28 ans, étouffé par un épi d'orge, dont la barbe est restée coincée dans sa gorge . Il n'a pas d'enfants, donc son titre est revenu à son père et sa femme se remarie à John Leveson-Gower (1er comte Gower).

Références

Décès en juillet 1723
Naissance en février 1695
Décès à 28 ans

Anthony Grey (comte de Harold)


is a town located in Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 2960 in 1567 households and a population density of 510 persons per km². The total area of the town is . Taiji is the smallest municipality by area in Wakayama Prefecture.

Geography
Taiji is located on a forked peninsula that juts out into the Kumano Sea near the southern tip of the Kii Peninsula, with a rias coastline. On one side is Moriura Bay and on ten other is Taiji Bay. It is surrounded by the town of Nachikatsuura on three sides.

Neighboring municipalities
Wakayama Prefecture
Nachikatsuura

Climate
Taiji has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Taiji is 16.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2564 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around 6.8 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Taiji has decreased steadily over the past 40 years.

History
The area of the modern town of Taiji was within ancient Kii Province. Taiji has long been well known as a whaling town and spearheaded the development of more sophisticated whaling techniques in the 17th century. The village of Taiji was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889 with the merger of the earlier hamlets of Taiji and Moriura. Taiji was elevated to town status on April 1, 1925.  In 1988, a ruling by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) caused Taiji to suspend commercial whaling. However, the town continues to hunt small whales and dolphins. Taiji's annual dolphin hunt is a subject of controversy and the town faces continued pressure from protest groups.

Whaling and Taiji

Taiji has been primarily known as a whaling town. Japanese traditional whaling techniques were developed here in the 17th century, and the commercial hunting and catching of pilot whales and dolphins remains a major source of income for its residents to this day. Wada Chūbei organized the group hunting system (刺手組) and introduced a new handheld harpoon in 1606. Wada Kakuemon, later known as Taiji Kakuemon, invented the whaling net technique called Amitori hō (網取法) to increase the safety and efficiency of whaling. This method was applied for more than 200 years.

The people of Taiji experienced great loss and economic hardship after an incident in 1878, when a large group of whalers were lost at sea while hunting a whale.  The whale was harpooned, but was strong enough to pull the whaling boats out to sea.  Refusing to cut the whale loose until it was too late, many whalers drowned or were otherwise adrift and lost at sea as a result.  Around one hundred whalers died in the course of this event. After the Russo-Japanese War, Taiji's whaling industry became buoyant again as it became a base for modern whaling. When the practice of Antarctic whaling started, Taiji provided crews for the whaling fleet. In 1988, Taiji suspended commercial whaling as a result of a ruling by the International Whaling Commission (IWC).

Dolphin drive hunting

Whalers from the town of Taiji continue to hunt small whales such as melon-headed and pilot whales as well as dolphins, commercial activities which are not regulated by the International Whaling Commission.  Whalers from Taiji also participate in the annual hunt for minke whales which is sanctioned under IWC regulations for scientific purposes.  According to the Fisheries Research Agency, 1,623 dolphins were caught in Wakayama Prefecture; this figure represents about 13% of the total national dolphin catch for that year. In 2008, 1,484 dolphins and whales were caught.  In 2009, 2,317 dolphins and whales were caught, just under the town's self-imposed quota of 2,400.

Documentary
The town's annual dolphin drive hunt was featured in the 2009 Oscar-winning documentary The Cove.  Some people who appeared in the film, including Taiji assemblyman Hisato Ryono, have stated that the documentary's producers lied to them about the film's intended content. Since the film's release, more activists than before, many from outside Japan, have gone to Taiji to observe or protest the annual dolphin slaughter which usually begins in 1 September and continues through the end of February.  As a result, the town announced in July 2011 that it was reinforcing its police presence at the cove where the killings take place by operating a 24-hour, 10-man kōban in order to prevent confrontations between activists and locals.

Mercury concerns
In 2009, hair samples from 1,137 Taiji residents were tested for mercury by the National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD). The average amount of methylmercury found in the hair samples was 11.0 parts per million for men and 6.63 ppm for women, compared with an average of 2.47 ppm for men and 1.64 ppm for women in tests conducted in 14 other locations in Japan. From the total population, 182 Taiji residents who showed relatively high mercury levels over 7.2 ppm, including 18 men and 5 women over 50 ppm, underwent further medical testing to check for neurological symptoms of mercury poisoning. None of the Taiji residents displayed any of the traditional symptoms of mercury poisoning, according to the institute. However, the Japan Times reported that the mortality rate for Taiji and nearby Kozagawa, where dolphin meat is also consumed, is over 50% higher in comparison to some other similarly sized villages in other regions of Japan. However, the study makes no mention of specific causes of death nor does it mention relevant age demographics: as Taiji has 1,225 elderly residents (aged 65 years or older) and Kozagawa has 1,531 elderly residents, both towns have more elderly residents, up to twice as many, as towns mentioned in the study, such as Hiezuson, Tottori (699).

The chief of the NIMD, Kōji Okamoto, said, "We presume that the high mercury concentrations are due to the intake of dolphin and whale meat. There were not any particular cases of damaged health, but seeing as how there were some especially high concentration levels found, we would like to continue conducting surveys here." NIMD ran further tests in 2010 and 2011. Hair from 700 Taiji residents were tested for mercury; 117 males and 77 females who showed over 10 ppm underwent further neurological tests.  Again, no participant displayed any signs of mercury poisoning. In August 2012, a research project to investigate the health effects of mercury on children was launched by NIMD.

Government
Taiji has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 10 members. Taiji, collectively with the other municipalities of Higashimuro District contributes two members to the Wakayama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Wakayama 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Commercial fishing dominates the local economy.

Education
Taiji has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the town. The town does not have a high school.

Transportation

Railway
 JR West – Kisei Main Line

Highway

Local attractions

Museums
 Taiji Whale Museum opened in 1969. It exhibits more than 1,000 items related to whales and whaling, including skeletal displays of several whale species. It keeps captive dolphins obtained by the Taiji dolphin drive hunt on display and uses the museum as a transfer station prior to distributing animals to dolphinariums worldwide.
 Hiromitsu Ochiai Baseball Museum commemorates Japanese baseball player Hiromitsu Ochiai who won the Nippon Professional Baseball triple crown three times.
 Ishigaki Museum commemorates painter Eitaro Ishigaki who hailed from Taiji. His wife Ayako founded the museum in 1991.

Onsens (hot springs)
There are two small-scale onsens (hot springs) in the town:
 Taiji Onsen
 Natsusa (or Nassa) Onsen

Festivals
Taiji's summer festival is called the Taiji Isana Festival that is held annually on 14 August. Isana is an old Japanese word for whales. Its annual autumn festival is the Taiji Kujira Matsuri ("Taiji Whale Festival"), held on the first Sunday of November. Both festivals are heavily whale-themed and the attractions include the Kujira Odori ("whale dance") and the Kujira Daiko ("whale drumming"). The Kujira Odori is a traditional dance that whalers performed in the past to celebrate a good catch. This dance is unique, as the dancers only move their upper bodies as they dance sitting in whaling boats. It is identified as intangible cultural heritage by Wakayama Prefecture. The Kujira Daiko is also traditional and its performance describes a battle between a large whale and small whaling boats.

Sister cities
  – Broome, Western Australia (Australia), since 1981; suspended by the Broome city council in August 2009 in protest against the annual dolphin slaughter. The decision on suspension was reversed in October 2009. Historic ties between the two towns date back to the early 1900s when Japan became instrumental in laying the groundwork of Broome's pearling industry.
  – Hakuba, Nagano (Japan), since 1984
  – Klaksvík, Faroe Islands, since 2018

Notable people
 Eitaro Ishigaki (1893–1958), an American artist
 Kiwako Taichi (1943–1992), an actress; originally her surname was pronounced Taiji, but she decided to pronounce it Taichi as a stage name.

See also
 Dolphin drive hunting in Japan
 Dolphin meat in Japanese cuisine
 Jūrō Oka—"Father of Japanese Whaling"
 Pilot whale in Japanese cuisine

References

External links

 Official town website

Towns in Wakayama Prefecture
Whaling in Japan
Populated coastal places in Japan
Taiji, Wakayama

Taiji, Wakayama


An Festuca scabra in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Vahl. An Festuca scabra in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Festuca

Festuca scabra


دائرة بوقيرات إحدى دوائر الجزائر التابعة لولاية مستغانم. عاصمتها هي بوقيرات تشتهر بالزراعة وتضم بلديات بوقيرات والصفصاف السوافلية وسيرات.

دائرة بوقيرات يحدها من الغرب بلدية سيرات ومن الجنوب بلدية الغمري من ولاية معسكر ومن الشرق بلدية يلل التابعة لولاية غليزان ويحدها من الشمال بلدية السوافلية والصفصاف
وهي ثاني أكبر دائرة في مستغانم

قائمة الهياكل الشبانية في الدائرة
 مركب رياضي جواري بوقيرات الشهيد بويش احمد
 دار الشباب سوافلية بلبيوض محمد

بوقيرات

دائرة بوقيرات


Arhitectura ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) inițial cunoscută sub numele de Acorn RISC Machine, este o arhitectură de microprocesoare de tip RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) 32-bit și 64-bit introduse în 1983 de  Acorn Computers și dezvoltate de ARM Holdings începând cu 1990.

Arhitectura ARM a devenit una dintre cele mai utilizate arhitecturi de calculatoare datorită consumului redus de energie, performanței sale ridicate în rezolvarea sarcinilor mici și multiple simultan, a costurilor și a dimensiunilor reduse. Este utilizată în mare măsură în smartphone-uri, sisteme înglobate, servere, supercomputere etc.

Istoric ARM
1978 - este înființată în Cambridge, Marea Britanie compania Acorn Computers Ltd.
1981 - Acorn produce BBC Micro, un calculator educațional foarte popular. Acorn BBC Micro a folosit microprocesorul MOS 6502 pe 8-bit, 2 MHz.
1983 - Acorn a format Advanced Research and Development Group, și proiectul Acorn RISC Machine.
1985 - ARMv1 prima versiune a arhitecturii ARM apare cu procesor ul ARM1 RISC, care permite unui sistem computerizat să utilizeze comenzi mai simple pentru a funcționa mai rapid. ARM1 a fost dezvoltat pe tehnologia VLSI Technology de 3 μm folosind doar 24.800 tranzistori și avea doar 808 de linii de cod.
1987 - Acorn a introdus ARMv2 cu ARM2, un procesor pe 32-bit și 8 MHz, cu doar 30.000 de tranzistoare, performanțe superioare unui Intel 80286 și un consum mai redus de energie. ARM2 a fost primul microprocesor ce a devenit un succes comercial. A fost folosit în computerele Acorn Archimedes.
1989 - Apare ARM3 (ARMv2) de asemenea un procesor RISC pe 32-bit cu îmbunătățiri ale performanței (cache 4 KB, frecvență de ceas de 25 MHz, și 12 MIPS). A fost  utilizat în modelele Archimedes A540, A5000 și A4.
1990 - Este fondată Advanced RISC Machines Ltd într-un parteneriat cu Apple, VLSI Technology și Acorn Computers. Noua companie a fost înființată cu scopul principal de a dezvolta în continuare microprocesoarele ARM ca parte a dezvoltării noului sistem informatic Apple Newton.
1991 - Versiunea ARMv3 cu microprocesorul ARM6 RISC pe 32-bit, frecvența de 12-33  MHz și 17.96 MIPS dezvoltat de noua companie ARM (Advanced RISC Machine).  S-au introdus modurile Abort și Undefined, variantele T (extensia Thumb) și M. A fost folosit în calculatoarele Apple Newton și Acorn Risc.

1993 - Versiunea ARMv4 cu modul privilegiat System și ARM7TDMI, model low-end al familiei ARM, unul din cele mai populare procesoare ARM. A fost utilizat în principal ca o componentă în SoC-urile pentru telefoane mobile (iPod) și alte dispozitive portabile sau dispozitive multimedia, inclusiv Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS și Nintendo 3DS. StrongARM care implementa tot ARMv4 și îmbunătățiri substanțiale de vitezăși consum de energie (1W la 233MHz) dezvoltat împreună cu DEC, a fost primul spin-off al arhitecturii ARM. Alte procesoare în acestă versiune au fost ARM8, ARM9.
1997 - Versiunea arhitecturală ARMv5TE introduce extensiile DSP și Jazelle DBX (pentru accelerarea execuției codului Java), a fost implementată de ARM în modelele procesoarelor ARM7EJ, ARM9E și ARM10E. ARM9 este o dezvoltare ulterioară a procesoarelor StrongARM și ARM8. Principala diferență dintre ARM9 și ARM7 este o magistrală separată de instrucțiuni și date (arhitectură Harvard).
2002 - Arhitectura ARMv6 aduce câteva noutăți cum ar fi: îmbunătățirea sistemului de gestiune a memoriei, reducerea timpului de încărcare pentru instrucțiuni și date, creșterea performanțelor cu până la 30%, suport pentru sisteme multiprocesor, posibilitatea unor sisteme mai complexe de sincronizare pentru memoria partajată. Include familiile ARM11, ARM Cortex-M0, ARM Cortex-M0 + și ARM Cortex-M1.
2004 - ARMv7 cu introducerea unei unități SIMD avansate de 128 de biți, în principal pentru procesare multimedia și implementarea mai eficientă a aplicațiilor audio, video, grafică 3D, extensia NEON, MPE (Media Processing Engine). Arhitectura ARMv7 este în principal împărțită în trei profiluri care acoperă diferite domenii de aplicare în domeniul sistemelor înglobate: ARM Cortex-A, ARM Cortex-R,  ARM Cortex-M.

2011 - ARMv8 a fost primul ARM care a implementat o arhitectură pe 64-bit pentru prelucrarea datelor și adresarea memoriei. ARMv8 este compatibil cu ARMv5. Există două moduri de execuție independente: AArch32 pentru procesarea software-ului pe 32-bit șiAArch64 pentru procesarea software-ului pe 64-bit. Modul AArch64 folosește un set de instrucțiuni nou numit A64, în timp ce modul AArch32 acceptă setul standard de instrucțiuni ARM.
2012 - ARM a introdus modelele Cortex-A53 și Cortex-A57, Cortex-A72 primele modele de procesoare care implementează ARMv8 ce livreză performanță superioară la aceeași putere și viteză de ceas, comparativ cu procesoarele bazate pe ARMv7. Primul dispozitiv mobil cu SoC bazat pe ARMv8 este iPhone 5 lansat în septembrie 2013. SoC-ul încorporat integrează două nuclee de procesor Apple A7 numite Cyclone.
2014 - Allwinner Technology, MediaTek, Samsung Electronics au lansat procesoare licențiate folosind arhitectura ARM.
2015 - Rockchip anunță primele sale modele de procesoare ARMv8. Phytium Technology dezvoltă Phytium Mars, procesor cu 64 de nuclee pentru supercomputere.
2016 - ARM anunță lansarea Cortex-A73 pentru realitate virtuală,  ce prezintă o creștere de 30% a puterii de calcul și a performanței energetice comparativ cu Cortex-A72.
2017 - ARM a lansat două procesoare noi pentru smartphone Cortex-A75 și Cortex-A55.
2018 - ARM anunță Cortex-A76, un procesor cu 40% mai eficient în privința consumului de energie și 35% mai rapid. Conceput pentru următoarele generații smartphone high-end, Cortex-A76 este proiectat pentru a folosi procesul de fabricație pe 7nm dezvoltat de TSMC și ar putea atinge frecvențe de până la 3GHz.

Caracteristici

Set de instrucțiuni
Procesoarele moderne ARM au mai multe seturi de instrucțiuni:
ARM pe 32-bit
Thumb: set de instrucțiuni mai restricționat pe 16-bit care oferă o submulțime a instrucțiunilor clasice ARM pe 32-bit și permite obținerea unui câștig semnificativ de memorie. Primul procesor cu un decodor de instrucțiuni Thumb a fost ARM7TDMI.
DSP: au fost adăugate  instrucțiunile DSP. Acestea sunt semnificate de un "E" în denumirea arhitecturilor (ARMv5TE, ARMv5TEJ) sau a procesorului (ARM9E). Variante implică de asemenea T, D, M și I. Aplicații includ procesarea semnalelor digitale și  multimedia, echipamente de rețea, telefoane mobile și tablete, sisteme de control pentru automobile.
Jazelle DBX (Direct Bytecode eXecution): pentru codurile Java, în paralel cu modul ARM și Thumb. Este indicat prin litera "J" (ARMv5TEJ, ARM7EJ-S, ARM9EJ-S). Setul Jazelle adaugă suport pentru diferite mașini virtuale Java, sisteme de operare (WindowsCE, Linux, PalmOS), sisteme de operare în timp real.
Thumb-2 (16/32-bit): Performanța este îmbunătățită cu până la 38%, dimensiunea memoriei este redusă cu 30%. Începe cu nucleul ARM1156 anunțat în 2003. Toate cipurile ARMv7, seria Cortex și ARM11 acceptă setul de instrucțiuni Thumb-2.
ThumbEE: Thumb-2EE sau Jazelle RCT (Runtime Compilation Target), apare pentru prima dată în procesorul Cortex-A8 în 2005 și adaugă mici modificări setului de instrucțiuni Thumb-2. ThumbEE este orientat spre limbaje de programare cum ar fi Limbo, Java, C#, Perl, Python sau Ruby și permite compilatoarelor să genereze mai puține coduri fără a afecta performanța.
Vector Floating Point (VFP): set de instrucțiuni în virgulă mobilă. VFP oferă calcule în virgulă mobilă pentru un spectru larg de aplicații și cerințe pentru dispozitive mobile  (smartphone, PDA, tablete), compresie și decompresie voce, grafică tridimensională, audio digitală, imprimante, multimedia și aplicații pentru automobile. Setul VFP a fost înlocuit cu modul NEON Advanced SIMD.
Advanced SIMD: (NEON), este un SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) ce combină seturi de instrucțiuni 64/128-bit și oferă accelerații computerizate standardizate pentru medii, aplicații 2D/3D și procesare de semnal. Suport pentru diferite standarde: MPEG-4, H.264, RealAudio, AVS, se poate utiliza pentru prelucrare vectorială. Performanță crescută cu 60..150% pentru codec-uri video și de 4..8 ori pentru algoritmi DSP simpli. NEON este inclus în toate nucleele Cortex-A8, opțional în Cortex-A910.

Moduri de operare
Arhitectura ARM are șapte moduri de operare:
User: singurul mod neprivilegiat, cele mai multe task-uri rulează aici
FIQ: declanșat la producerea unei întreruperi de prioritate mare (fast interrupt)
IRQ: declanșat la producerea unei întreruperi de prioritate normală (low interrupt)
Supervisor: pornit la RESET și la întreruperi software
Abort: este introdus la acces nepermis la memorie (excepție automată de suprascriere sau suprascriere de date)
Undefined: pentru instrucțiuni nedefinite
System: singurul mod privilegiat care nu este introdus de o excepție; folosește aceleași registre ca User Mode.

Procesoare ARM
Procesoarele ARM sunt produse de ARM Holdings și de companiile care dețin licențe ARM. Cele mai cunoscute serii de procesoare ARM dezvoltate de ARM Holdings sunt ARM7, ARM9, ARM11 și Cortex.

Dimensiunea redusă, complexitatea și consumul redus de energie, face ca procesoarele ARM să fie utilizate în majoritatea dispozitivelor portabile și sisteme înglobate.
Aproape toate telefoanele mobile moderne conțin procesoare ARM, fiind cea mai utilizată familie de microprocesoare pe 32-bit.

Sisteme de operare
Numeroase sisteme de operare din sistemele înglobate și RTOS sunt compatibile cu arhitectura ARM:
Symbian OS, pe Nokia N97 sau Samsung Player HD
iOS, pe iPhone și iPad
Android
Linux, cu cele mai multe distribuții
BlackBerry OS, pe telefoanele BlackBerry
Windows CE, Windows Phone, Windows RT și Windows 10
PlayStation Vita OS
ReactOS
Risc OS
BSD
Horizon OS, pe Nintendo Switch

Licențe ARM
Tehnologia ARM poate fi folosită sub licență și de alți producători hardware de la compania deținătoare, ARM Holdings. Compania furnizează părților interesate compilatoare, instrumente de depanare și kituri de dezvoltare software, împreună cu o descriere completă a hardware-ului nucleului ARM.

Printre companiile care au folosit sau folosesc această arhitectură se numărăr Alcatel-Lucent, AMD, Apple Inc., Atmel, Broadcom, Cirrus Logic, Digital Equipment Corporation, Freescale, Intel (prin DEC), LG, Marvell Technology Group, Microsoft, NEC, Nuvoton, Nvidia, NXP (fost Philips), Oki, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sharp, STMicroelectronics, Symbios Logic, Texas Instruments, VLSI Technology, Yamaha, ZiiLABS etc.

Multe companii licențiate își construiesc propriile versiuni ale kernel-urilor ARM: DEC StrongARM, Freescale i.MX, Intel XScale, NVIDIA Tegra, ST-Ericsson Nomadik, Krait și Kryo,  Qualcomm Snapdragon, Texas Instruments OMAP, Samsung Hummingbird, LG H13, Huawei K3V2, Apple A6, HiSilicon K3.

Vezi și
 Arhitectură Harvard
 Raspberry Pi
 System on a chip

Note

Legături Externe

 Pagina web
 Procesoare ARM pe 64 biți de la Qualcomm, Nvidia și Broadcom
 Procesoarele ARM Cortex A73 ar putea revoluționa iPhone și iPad
 ARM intenționează să bată Intel Core i5 pe desktop

Bibliografie

Arhitectură RISC
Arhitectură ARM

Arhitectura ARM


Torgueda Portekiz'de Vila Real belediyesine bağlı olan, 13,72 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 1.583 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Real'ın bucakları

Torgueda


Pablo Acosta Villarreal, surnommé El Zorro de Ojinaga (« le renard d'Ojinaga »), né le  à Ojinaga (Chihuahua, Mexique) et mort le  à Santa Elena (Chihuahua), proche de la frontière américo-mexicaine, est un narcotrafiquant mexicain.

Biographie
Depuis sa ville natale d'Ojinaga, Acosta Villarreal organise un vaste réseau de trafic de cannabis et d'héroïne vers le Texas. À son apogée au milieu des années 1980, son organisation établit des contacts avec les cartels colombiens et commence à faire transiter de la cocaïne aux États-Unis. Jusqu'à cinq tonnes par mois sont acheminées de Colombie à Ojinaga à bord d'avions privés grâce à la complicité d'officiers corrompus au sein de la police et de l'armée mexicaine. Au total, ce sont près de 60 tonnes de cocaïnes qui sont expédiées clandestinement chaque année de l'autre côté de la frontière américaine.

Dans un rapport de la DEA, Acosta Villarreal est décrit comme . Régnant d'un main de fer, il n'hésite pas à purger ses associés qui ne donnent pas satisfaction. Le rapport lie son organisation à au moins une vingtaine d'assassinats dont deux à Hobbs, au Nouveau-Mexique.

Acosta Villarreal, qui a fondé les bases du futur cartel de Juárez, est tué le  au cours d'un raid conjoint transfrontalier de la police fédérale mexicaine, menée par Guillermo González Calderoni, et du FBI. Deux hélicoptères mexicains passent par le territoire américain pour fondre par surprise sur le village frontalier de Santa Elena où se trouve Acosta Villarreal. La police encercle la maison où le baron de la drogue se trouve avec quelques gardes du corps et une fusillade intense s'ensuit, impliquant des tirs de mitrailleuse de la parts des narcotrafiquants. Avec difficulté, les agents fédéraux finissent par réussir à pénétrer dans l'édifice et obtiennent la reddition des gardes. Acosta Villarreal, acculé, fuit vers l'arrière de la maison et blesse un agent à l'épaule mais ce dernier répond à son tir et le touche mortellement au cou. Ne réalisant pas tout de suite la situation, les policiers mettent le feu à la maison pour obliger le narcotrafiquant à sortir. Le corps d'Acosta est sauvé in extremis des flammes après qu'ils se sont rendu compte de leur erreur.

Son bras droit Rafael Aguilar Guajardo lui succède jusqu'à son propre assassinat en 1993 au profit d'Amado Carrillo Fuentes.

Dans la culture populaire
Le personnage d'Acosta Villarreal apparaît dans la série Narcos: Mexico, il est interprété par .

Bibliographie
 .
 American Federale, 2013 film documentaire

Voir aussi
 Cartel de Juárez

Références

Naissance en janvier 1937
Naissance dans l'État de Chihuahua
Cartel de Juárez
Décès en avril 1987
Décès dans l'État de Chihuahua
Mort abattu par la police mexicaine
Décès à 50 ans

Pablo Acosta Villarreal


Hrvatski akademski sportski savez (HASS) jedini je hrvatski nacionalni športski savez koji potiče, promiče i skrbi o sportu na visokim učilištima te ga predstavlja u međunarodnim okvirima. Međunarodni naziv za Savez je Croatian Academic Sports Federation.

Savez je osnovan 25. travnja 1994. godine pod nazivom Hrvatski sveučilišni sportski savez (međ. Croatian University Sports Federation) te je 18. rujna 2012. promijenio ime u Hrvatski akademski sportski savez. Savez je član Svjetske sveučilišne sportske federacije (FISU) i Europske sveučilišne sportske asocijacije  (European University Sports Association (EUSA)).

Vanjske poveznice
 Hrvatski akademski sportski savez

Izvori

akademski
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Hrvatskoj

Hrvatski akademski sportski savez