Pica-grom (Thunderbird) je, prema indijanskim vjerovanjima, golema ptica nalik orlu koja pomaže ljudima. Skriva se iza oblaka pa je stoga ljudi ne mogu vidjeti. Kad leti, šum njezinih krila stvara buku nalik grmljavini. Njene oči izbacuju munje koje rasvjetljuju Zemlju. Zbog njene dobrote prema ljudima, često je prikazuju navrh totema. Neka kanadska plemena pripovijedaju da je jedan kit terorizirao ljude. Ptica-grom uhvatila ga je svojim golemim pandžama i pretvorila u planinu.

Borba protiv zmije
U nekim pričama postoji više Ptica-gromova. Viju gnijezda navrh planina i u njih nose golema jaja. Jednoga dana, pričaju Sioux Indijanci, Ptice-gromovi pomogle su ljudima da se oslobode Unktehija - čudovišne zmije prekrivene ljuskama i s rogom na glavi. Unktehi je živio u koritu rijeke Missouri i napadao ljude, a njegovi su mladunci pohodili obližnje rijeke. Ptice-gromovi okupe se i sve istodobno izbace munje i gromove. Tako je pobijeđena čudovišna zmija i njezina obitelj, a ljudi su otada živjeli u miru.

Literatura
• Baussier, Svijet oko nas Mitologije, 1. izd., Naša djeca, Zagreb, 2004., , str. 110.

Indijanska mitologija (duhovi groma)
Indijanska mitologija (divovske ptice)
Mitologija Sijuksa
Arapaho mitologija
Chippewa mitologija
Wichita Indijanci

Ptica-grom


Benjamin Peirce (4 de abril de 1809, Salem, Massachusetts-6 de octubre de 1880, Cambridge, Massachusetts) fue un matemático estadounidense que enseñó en la Universidad de Harvard por aproximadamente 50 años. Hizo contribuciones a la mecánica celeste, estadística, teoría de números, álgebra, y la filosofía de la matemática.

Biografía
Fue hijo de Benjamin Peirce (1778–1881), más tarde bibliotecario de Harvard, y de Lydia Ropes Nichols Peirce (1781–1868).

Después de graduarse de Harvard, permaneció como tutor desde 1829, y después fue designado como profesor de matemáticas en 1831. Añadió la astronomía a sus cometidos en 1842, y se mantuvo como profesor de Harvard hasta su muerte. Además, fue un instrumento en el desarrollo del currículo de ciencias de Harvard, sirvió como bibliotecario del colegio, y fue director del U.S. Coast Survey de 1867 a 1874.

Se casó con Sarah Hunt Mills, hija del senador de los Estados Unidos Elijah Hunt Mills. Peirce y su esposa tuvieron cuatro hijos y una hija:
 James Mills Peirce (1834–1906), quien también enseñó matemáticas en Harvard y tuvo éxito en la cátedra de su padre,
 Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914), famoso lógico y erudito,
 Benjamin Mills Peirce (1844–1870), quien trabajó como ingeniero de minería antes de una muerte temprana,
 Helen Huntington Peirce Ellis (1845–1923), quien se casó con William Rogers Ellis, y
 Herbert Henry Davis Peirce (1849–1916), quien siguió una carrera en el Servicio Exterior.

Era devotamente religioso, aunque raramente publicó sus pensamientos teológicos.

Investigación
Benjamin Peirce es ocasionalmente considerado como el primer científico estadounidense cuya investigación fue reconocida como de clase mundial.

Matemáticas
En la teoría de números, probó que no existe número perfecto impar con menos de cuatro factores primos.

En álgebra, fue notable por el estudio del álgebra asociativa. Fue el primero en introducir los términos idempotente y nilpotente en 1870 para describir los elementos de estos tipos de álgebra, y también introdujo la descomposición de Peirce.

También fue uno de los primeros matemáticos de relieve en manifestar su reconocimiento ante la maravillosa conexión de los cinco más famosos números de toda la matemática contenida en la identidad de Euler:

Definición de matemáticas
En la filosofía de las matemáticas, se volvió conocido por la sentencia «La matemática es la ciencia que señala las conclusiones necesarias». La definición de Peirce de las matemáticas fue acreditada por Charles Sanders Peirce como una ayuda para iniciar la filosofía consecuencialista del pragmatismo.

Al igual que George Boole, Peirce creyó que las matemáticas podrían ser usadas para estudiar la lógica. Estas ideas fueron desarrolladas por Charles Sanders Peirce, quien notó que la lógica también incluye el estudio del razonamiento defectuoso.

En contraste, el posterior programa logicista de Gottlob Frege y Bertrand Russell intentó basar las matemáticas en la lógica.

Estadística
Peirce propuso lo que sería conocido como el criterio de Peirce para el tratamiento estadístico de valores atípicos, esto es, de las observaciones aparentemente extremas. Sus ideas fueron desarrolladas por Charles Sanders Peirce.

Fue un testigo experto en el juicio de falsificación del testamento de Howland en 1868, donde fue asistido por su hijo Charles Sanders Peirce. Su análisis de la firma cuestionada demostró que se parecía tanto a otro espécimen de escritura en particular que la probabilidad de tal correspondencia fuera casual era extremadamente baja estadísticamente.

Pensamiento filosófico
Acreditaba a Dios como moldeador de la naturaleza en formas que dan cuenta de la eficacia de las matemáticas puras en la descripción de fenómenos empíricos. Peirce consideró a las «matemáticas como un estudio del trabajo de Dios hecho por las criaturas de Dios», de acuerdo a una enciclopedia.

Publicaciones
 An Elementary Treatise on Plane and Solid Geometry, Boston: James Munroe and Company. Google Eprints de ediciones sucesivas 1837–1873.
 An Elementary Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Boston: James Munroe and Company. Google Eprints de ediciones sucesivas 1840–1862.
 Physical and Celestial Mechanics, Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Google Eprint de la edición de 1855.
 Linear Associative Algebra, litografía por Peirce 1872. Nueva edición con correcciones, notas, y un artículo añadido en 1875 por Peirce, más notas de su hijo Charles Sanders Peirce, publicada en el American Journal of Mathematics v. 4, 1881, Johns Hopkins University, pp. 221–226, Google Eprint y como un extracto, D. Van Nostrand, 1882, Google Eprint.

Reconocimientos
 El cráter lunar «Peirce» es llamado así en su honor.
 El asteroide (29463) Benjaminpeirce también conmemora su nombre.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 F. P. Matz, B. O. Peirce: Biography, American Mathematical Monthly, 1895, No. 2, 173–179. Google Eprint.
 S. R. Peterson, Benjamin Peirce: Mathematician and Philosopher, Journal of the History of Ideas, 16, 1955, 89–112.
 P. Meier and S. Zaibel, Benjamin Peirce and the Howland Will, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, 1980, 497–506.
 Peirce, Benjamin (1852), "Criterion for the Rejection of Doubtful Observations", Astronomical Journal II 45 y Errata al artículo original. Enlaces para sus imágenes no-PDF de el artículo y su errata.
 Peirce, Benjamin (1872, 1881), Linear Associative Algebra. Edición litográfica por Peirce 1872. Nueva edición con correcciones, notas, y un artículo añadido en 1875 por Peirce, más notas de su hijo Charles Sanders Peirce, publicada en el American Journal of Mathematics v. 4, n. 1, 1881, Johns Hopkins University, pp. 221–226, Google Eprint,  JSTOR y como un extracto, D. Van Nostrand, 1882, Google Eprint, Internet Archive Eprint.
 Peirce, Benjamin (1878), On Peirce's Criterion, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, v. 13 (serie completa), v. 5 (nueva serie), para mayo de 1877 – mayo de 1878, Boston: Press of John Wilson and Son, pp. 348–351. Google Eprint. JSTOR abstract.
 Peirce, Charles Sanders (1870/1871/1873) Appendix No. 21. On the Theory of Errors of Observation, Report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey Showing the Progress of the Survey During the Year 1870, pp. 200–224. Coast Survey Report presentado el 18 de febrero de 1871, publicado en 1873 por la U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Reports 1837–1965. NOAA PDF Eprint (el enlace va hacia 1870 Report's p. 200, PDF's p. 215). Reimpreso en pp. 140–160 of Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition: Volumen 3, 1872–1878, Christian J. W. Kloesel et al., eds., Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-37201-1.

Enlaces externos

 Benjamin Peirce en Find a Grave.
 Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, y Walsh, Alison (2005), Benjamin Peirce, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Eprint.
 O'Connor, John J., and Robertson, Edmund F. (2005), Benjamin Peirce, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Eprint.
 Hogan, Edward R. (2008), Of the Human Heart: A Biography of Benjamin Peirce, Lehigh University Press.

Nacidos en Salem (Massachusetts)
Fallecidos en Cambridge (Massachusetts)
Algebristas
Alumnado de la Universidad de Harvard
Astrónomos de Estados Unidos
Cristianos de Estados Unidos
Estadísticos de Estados Unidos
Matemáticos de Estados Unidos
Matemáticos del siglo XIX
Profesores de la Universidad de Harvard
Teóricos de números
Charles Sanders Peirce

Benjamin Peirce


An Pecteilis henryi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Pecteilis henryi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pecteilis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pecteilis

Pecteilis henryi


Softver otvorenog koda () odnosi se na softver čiji je izvorni kod dostupan u okviru open source licence svim korisnicima koji mogu mijenjati, prepravljati i unaprijeđivati njegov sadržaj. To znači da uz open source programe dolazi i cijeli izvorni kod u jednom od programskih jezika, stoga se može i mijenjati sam program. Ovo nije slučaj s plaćenim softverom.

Godine 1998., skupina pojedinaca predstavila je termin "otvoreni kôd" koji bi zamijenio "slobodni softver". Taj potez je označio početak softvera otvorenog koda koji se mogao slobodno preuzimati s interneta, te u isto vrijeme imati pristup i prepravljati njegov izvorni kod.

Izvještaj iz 2008. ustvrdio je da je model poslovanja zasnovan na softveru otvorenog koda uštedio krajnjim korisnicima oko 60 milijardu američkih dolara.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Programska podrška
Linux

Softver otvorenog koda


L USS Becuna (SS/AGSS-319), un sous-marin de classe Balao, est un ancien navire de l'United States Navy nommé d'après le becuna, un poisson ressemblant à un brochet d'Europe. Il a été désigné monument historique national pour son service pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, pour laquelle il a obtenu quatre Étoiles de bataille. Il sert actuellement de navire-musée au Independence Seaport Museum de Philadelphie, en Pennsylvanie.

Seconde Guerre mondiale
Le Becuna (SS-319) a été lancé le 30 janvier 1944 par Electric Boat Company, à Groton au Connecticut ; parrainé par  George C. Crawford et mis en service le 27 mai 1944.

Becuna quitta la Base navale de New London le  juillet 1944 et arriva à Pearl Harbor le 29 juillet. Ses opérations de guerre se sont étendues du 23 août 1944 au 27 juillet 1945. Pendant cette période, il a effectué cinq patrouilles de guerre aux Philippines, en mer de Chine méridionale et en mer de Java. Il est crédité d'avoir coulé deux pétroliers japonais totalisant .

Le sous-marin est arrivé en baie de Subic à Luçon, après sa dernière patrouille de guerre le 27 juillet 1945. En septembre 1945, il est arrivé à la Base navale de San Diego.

Service d'après-guerre
Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Becuna a continué à opérer avec la Force sous-marine de l'United States Pacific Fleet jusqu'en avril 1949, date à laquelle il a été transféré à la Force sous-marine de la Flotte de l'Atlantique, en tant qu'unité de l'escadron  de sous-marins.

Entre mai 1949 et mai 1950, il a mené des exercices de recyclage et a également participé à la formation d'élèves-officiers et d'hommes à New London, Connecticut. En novembre 1950, il retourna chez Electric Boat Co., pour une révision complète de modernisation, étant réaménagé en sous-marin de type GUPPY IA. La révision a été achevée en août 1951 et Becuna a navigué vers les Caraïbes pour les essais en mer. Il retourna à New London en septembre 1951.

Becuna a opéré avec la flotte de l'Atlantique, effectuant deux croisières avec la  flotte en Méditerranée et une en Écosse. En dehors de ces croisières prolongées, la majorité du service de Becuna était à New London en tant que sous-marin d'entraînement. En 1969, elle a été reclassée sous-marin auxiliaire, AGSS-319.

Navire musée
Le Becuna a été désarmé le 7 novembre 1969 et désarmé de l'United States Navy reserve fleets. Il a été immatriculé SS-319 en 1971. Il a été rayé du registre naval le 15 août 1973.

Becuna a été placé en exposition permanente à côté du croiseur protégé  à Penn's Landing (Philadelphie) le 21 juin 1976. Depuis 1996, les deux navires sont exploités par le Independence Seaport Museum et visible sur le complexe de Penn's Landing.

Il a été inscrit au registre national des lieux historiques. En 2001, Becuna a reçu le prix historique de la structure soudée de l'American Welding Society.

Galerie

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes

Liens externes

  USS Becuna (SS-319) (AGSS-319) - Site NavSource Online
 USS Becuna- Historic Naval Ships Association
Guppy IA Program

Classe Balao
Sous-marin de l'US Navy de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Sous-marin de l'US Navy de la guerre froide
Bateau lancé en 1944
Navire construit à Groton (Connecticut)
Navire musée en Pennsylvanie
Bateau inscrit au Registre national des lieux historiques en Pennsylvanie
Registre national des lieux historiques en 1978
Sous-marin classé National Historic Landmark
National Historic Landmark à Philadelphie
National Historic Landmark en 1986

USS Becuna (SS-319)


Wanda Jakubowska () a fost o regizoare poloneză de film, scenaristă.

S-a născut la Varșovia într-o familie de evrei. Din 1942 a deținut funcția de membră a Partidului Muncitoresc Polonez. Debutează cu filme documentare pe la începutul anilor 1930. În anii celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial a participat la Mișcarea de rezistență. Din 1942 s-a aflat în lagărele de concentrare de la Auschwitz și Ravensbrück. După eliberarea țării (1945) ea a realizat numeroase filme.

Filmografie
 Ostatni etap / Ultima etapă (1947)
 Żołnierz Zwycięstwa / Soldatul victorios (1955)
 O aventură pe coasta Atlanticului (Opowieść atlantycka, 1955)
 Pożegnanie z diabłem / Adio diavolului (1956)
 Król Maciuś I / Regele Maciuś I (1958)
 Spotkania w mroku / Întâlnire în întuneric (1960)
 Historia współczesna / Istoria contemporană (1960)
 Koniec naszego świata / Sfârșitul lumii noastre (1964)
 Gorąca linia / Mina în flăcări (1965)
 150 na godzinę / 150 pe oră (1972)
 Biały mazur / Dansul alb (1979)
 Zaproszenie / Invitația (1986)
 Kolory kochania / Culorile dragostei (1988)

Note

Legături externe
  Wanda Jakubowska: Paskudna? Niewygodna?
  Wanda Jakubowska: socrealistka, komunistka, feministka
  Wanda Jakubowska - babcia polskiego kina

Nașteri în 1907
Nașteri pe 10 octombrie
Decese în 1998
Decese pe 25 februarie
Regizori de film polonezi
Supraviețuitori ai Holocaustului

Wanda Jakubowska


Artemisia Toussaint, née le , est une actrice, chanteuse et mannequin française.

Biographie

Enfance et débuts
Artemisia Toussaint est originaire de Tours où elle a étudié au Lycée Balzac. Elle a notamment, avant de tourner, participé à un stage au Cours Florent à Paris, elle a également suivi une formation de danse et de chant.

Carrière
En février 2020, Artemisia Toussaint décroche son premier rôle, à l'âge de 17 ans, dans la série télévisée Askip, diffusée sur Okoo. En septembre 2020, elle intègre également le casting de la série quotidienne diffusée sur TF1, Demain nous appartient, qu'elle quitte en 2021. Elle tourne également durant l'année 2021 la série Rebecca réalisée par Didier le Pêcheur, pour TF1. En 2022, elle intègre la fiction télévisée 3615 Monique dans le rôle de Louise, pour la chaîne OCS.

Elle mène, parallèlement à ses activités de comédienne, une carrière de chanteuse : après plusieurs scènes en septembre 2022, son premier single, Bête et méchant, dont le clip est écrit, réalisé et monté entièrement par son frère Lothaire, sort le 2 décembre 2022 chez Universal Music.

Filmographie

Cinéma

Courts-métrages
 2021 : Ce que je vois de Lothaire Toussaint : Dylan
 2021 : 360° de Laura Chebar : Eren
 2022 : Reborn de Thomas Goldberg

Télévision

Séries Télévisées
 2020 - 2022 : Askip :  Lou Martelli (principale saisons 1 à 3)
 2020 - 2021 : Demain nous appartient : Solenne Girard
 2021 : Rebecca : Emma
 2022 : 3615 Monique : Louise
 2023 : Camping Paradis  : Lili (saison 14, épisode 4)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice française de télévision
Naissance en juin 2002
Demain nous appartient

Artemisia Toussaint


Dharminder "Dhar" Mann (Califórnia, 29 de maio de 1984) é um empresário e produtor de conteúdo para plataforma de vídeos YouTube. Ele é mais conhecido por criar curtas-metragens que normalmente apresentam uma reviravolta e ensinam uma lição de moral ao protagonista.

Em 2010, Mann e o corretor Derek Peterson fundaram a loja weGrow, que vendia hidropônicos para o cultivo de maconha medicinal. A weGrow foi fechada dois anos depois em meio a ações judiciais entre os sócios. Em 2013, Mann foi condenado por fraude na cidade de Oakland, Califórnia, por meio de sua imobiliária MannEdge Properties.

Infância e educação
Dharminder Mann nasceu em 29 de maio de 1984, filho de Surinder Mann e Baljit Singh Mann, que emigraram da Índia para os Estados Unidos. A família Singh é dona da Friendly Cab, uma operadora de táxi com sede em Oakland, Califórnia. Eles possuem várias empresas imobiliárias locais desde 1980 e mais de 130 propriedades.

Mann afirma ter crescido em um apartamento na Baía de São Francisco que era compartilhado com outras três famílias. Como seus pais estavam focados em administrar sua empresa, ao invés de "me dar seu tempo, eles me deram dinheiro para fazer as coisas".

Carreira

Imobiliária e crimes
Aos dezenove anos, Mann abriu uma empresa imobiliária e fundou outras empresas, muitas vezes falidas, incluindo empreendimentos em serviços de aluguel de carros de luxo e refinanciamento de hipotecas. Mann fundou a weGrow, uma varejista de cultivo de cannabis, com o ex-corretor Derek Peterson em janeiro de 2010. Mann e Peterson alugaram uma loja de suprimentos em Oakland, Califórnia, para vender equipamentos hidropônicos e pretendiam abrir franquias em outros oito estados.

No início de 2011, a loja weGrow foi fechada e Peterson entrou com uma ação contra ele, citando dívidas não pagas. Um porta-voz de Mann posteriormente acusou Peterson de fabricar as alegações em retaliação à decisão de Mann de reduzir sua parceria e Mann processou Peterson, obtendo posteriormente um acordo em dinheiro e ações na própria empresa de Peterson.

Em 2012, Mann foi acusado de treze crimes por supostamente fraudar um programa de embelezamento da cidade enquanto operava a empresa imobiliária MannEdge Properties em 2008 e 2009. Os promotores reduziram para cinco acusações criminais em agosto de 2013 e, mais tarde naquele ano, Mann depôs sobre as cinco acusações. Ele foi condenado a cinco anos de condicional e condenado a pagar uma multa de US$ 10.000. Mann disse ao The New York Times em 2021 que a condenação foi posteriormente expurgada.

Canal no YouTube
Em 2018, Mann fundou uma produtora de vídeo chamada Dhar Mann Studios. O estúdio produz filmes para plataformas de mídia social como o YouTube. Quando Mann começou a publicar vídeos no YouTube em 2018, sua produção consistia em vídeos motivacionais e, posteriormente, mudou o foco para lições de moral. Em 2021, Mann assinou um contrato com a Creative Artists Agency e lançou um aplicativo móvel onde os usuários podem assistir a vídeos produzidos por seu estúdio.

Um perfil de Mann no The New York Times descreveu seus vídeos no YouTube como curtas-metragens sobre Karens e "educacionais dos anos 1980" e notou títulos com clickbait. A Vulture considerou os vídeos destinados a "encorajar as pessoas a serem decentes umas com as outras". Em fevereiro de 2023, o canal tinha 17,8 milhões de inscritos e 10,27 bilhões de visualizações.

Em fevereiro de 2023, vários atores empregados pelo Dhar Mann Studios foram às redes sociais para alegar que tinham más condições de trabalho e salários insustentáveis. Muitos dos atores começaram a protestar do lado de fora de um dos estúdios de Mann. O ator Charles Laughlin revelou que muitos atores solicitaram uma reunião com Mann sobre suas condições, mas foram ignorados. Tanto Laughlin quanto o ator Colin Borden afirmaram que os atores que se manifestaram contra as condições de trabalho foram dispensados imediatamente.

Após os protestos, Mann emitiu um comunicado em seu canal no YouTube e conta no Instagram contestando as reivindicações dos atores protestantes e acusando-os de "espalhar informações falsas". Ele afirmou como o estúdio operava e divulgou os salários por hora dos atores.

Vida pessoal
Em 2014, Mann estava em um relacionamento com a empresária Lilly Ghalichi, conhecida por participar do reality show Shahs of Sunset. Mann conheceu sua noiva Laura Avila em 2015. Juntos, o casal administra a LiveGlam, empresa de cosméticos que Mann fundou em 2015. O casal teve o primeiro filho em 2020.

No final de 2020, Mann comprou uma mansão em Calabasas, Califórnia, anteriormente pertencente à personalidade da mídia Khloé Kardashian. Juntamente com as atividades imobiliárias de sua família em Oakland, Mann e seu irmão Harmit também possuem propriedades em toda a cidade.

Ligações externas

Norte-americanos de ascendência indiana
Estado-unidenses do século XXI
Youtubers dos Estados Unidos
Investidores imobiliários dos Estados Unidos

Dhar Mann


Haymana, Ankara'da bir ilçedir. Geçmişte Hitit, Frigya, Pers, Galat, Roma-Bizans hâkimiyeti altına girmiş bir yerleşim yeridir. İlçe nüfusunu Türkler ve 16. ila 18. yüzyıllarda buraya iskân edilen Kürt aşiretleri oluşturmaktadır.

Etimoloji
Hayme Hatun (Hayme Ana), Süleyman Şah'ın vefatının ardından aşiretin başına geçerek Anadolu topraklarını yurt edinmiştir. Zaman içinde Selçuklu Sultanı Alaaddin Keykubat aşireti Ankara civarında Karacadağ eteklerine yerleştirir. Bu Karacadağ eteklerine daha sonra kendisinin adı verilir ve bu ad zaman içerisinde, 'e' harfinin düşmesiyle "Haymana" olur.

Başka bir iddiaya göre ise 'Haymana' isminin Farsçada "çadır" anlamına gelen "hayme" adından geldiği ve Haymane bölgedeki bütün konar-göçerleri belirtmek amacıyla verilmiş isim olduğu, Osmanlı döneminde ilçenin bugün bulunduğu yerde "Ulu" (büyük) ve "Kiçi" (küçük) adlarıyla iki ayrı Haymane bulunduğu, bu kazaların birleşmesiyle yerleşim "iki Haymane" anlamına gelen "Haymaneteyn" olarak anılmaya başlandığıdır."

Tarihçe
Haymana ve yöresi paleolitik çağlara uzanan bir geçmişe sahiptir. İlçenin değişik yörelerinde, özellikle Gavurkale Harabeleri'nde bulunan tarihî kalıntılar ve yapılan kazılarda çıkartılan eserlerin incelenmesiyle ilçe topraklarının Hititler, Frigyalılar, Persler, Galatlar, Romalılar ve Bizanslıların idaresinde kaldığı görülmektedir. MÖ 2000'lerde bölgeye Hititler egemen olmuş, MÖ 1200 yılında Anadolu'ya yapılan kavimler göçüyle Hititler yıkılmış ve Haymana ve çevresi de Frigler'in egemenliğine geçmiştir. Frigler'in Kimmerler tarafından yıkılmasından sonra Pers ve Makedon Krallığı egemenliğinde kalan yerleşim MÖ 3. yüzyıl civarlarında Galatlar'ın denetimine geçti. Romalılar Galatlar'ı yenmesine rağmen yönetimi Galatlı prenslere bırakarak yöreyi denetim altında tuttular. MÖ 25'te Augustus döneminde Ankara ile birlikte Haymana'da kesin olarak Roma egemenliğine alındı. 8. yüzyılda Ankara'yla birlikte Haymana'da Arap akınlarına uğradı. Haymana ovasında yapılan savaşta Arap orduları Bizans kuvvetlerini yenilgiye uğrattı. Bizanslılar'ın Anadolu'ya yeniden hâkim olmasıyla Haymana ve çevresi 1073 yılına kadar Bizans yönetiminde kaldı. Bu tarihte Türkler'in ele geçen bölge 1101 yılında Haçlı kuvvetlerince ele geçirildi. Haçlı seferleri ve sonrasında Bizans egemenliğinde bulunan yerleşim 1127 yılında yeniden Türkler'in denetimine geçti. Danişmendliler'in yerleştiği Haymana 1143 yılında Sultan I. Mesud döneminde Selçuklu denetimine girdi. Kösedağ Savaşı sonrasında 1304 yılında Ankara ile birlikte Haymana'da bir süre İlhanlılar'ın yönetimine geçmiş, Anadolu Selçuklular'ın da zayıflamasıyla kimi beylikler bağımsız hareket etmeye başlamıştır. 1354 yılında Orhan Gazi'nin oğlu Süleyman Paşa tarafından Ankara ile birlikte Osmanlı topraklarına katılan Haymana, 1402 yılında gerçekleşen Ankara Savaşı'na kadar Osmanlı yönetiminde kalmıştır. Yavuz Sultan Selim tarafından 1521 yılında yeniden Osmanlı topraklarına katıldı. Çaldıran Muharebesi'nden sonra Şeyhbızın aşireti Haymana topraklarına yerleştirildi.

16. yüzyıl Osmanlı kaynaklarında Haymana, Ankara sancağı içerisinde yer alan konar-göçer yurdu olarak anılmaktadır. 1523 tahririnde Haymana ovasında Karaman vilayetinden, Kırşehir, Dulkadirli, Adana, Bayburt, Germiyan, Bağdat ve şark vilayetlerinden gelen cemaatler görülmektedir. Celali isyanları devrinde Ankara'da olduğu gibi Haymana'da da nüfusta azalmalar meydana gelmiştir. 1859'da Ankara'yı ziyaret eden A.D. Mordtmann, bu tarihte Haymana'ya Kırım'dan gelen Tatar, Çerkes ve Kazakların yerleştirildiği belirtilmiştir. 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Haymana,  Ankara sancağının onüç kazasından biri olarak kayıtlara geçmiştir.

1880'lerde Haymana kazasının merkezi günümüz Polatlı ilçesine bağlı Sivri köyüdü. Rivayetlere göre Sivri köyündeki Hükûmet Konağı'nın yanmasından sonra ilçe merkezi günümüzdeki yerine taşındı. Başka ve yaygın olan rivayete göre 1862 yılında Sivri köyündeki yangından sonra çeşitli köylere taşınan ilçe merkezi son olarak 1880 ya da 1888 yılında Hacı Göken Ağa'nın çiftliğinde bulunan, civar köy ve kasabaların kaplıcası olarak kullanılan ve "Yaban Hamam" olarak bilinen yerde kuruldu. Hükûmet Konağı'nın 1882 yılında tamamlanması nedeniyle yerleşimin kuruluş tarihi 1880 olarak kabul edilmektedir. O dönemde az sayıda Rum ve Ermeni'nin de yaşadığı Haymana'nın ilk belediye başkanı Rum kökenli Topal Petro'dur.

1881 yılında yapılan ilk nüfus sayımına göre Haymana kazasının nüfusu 23.328 Müslüman, 23 Rum ve 5 Ermeni olmak üzere 23.356 kişi olup, 1907 tarihli Ankara Vilayet Salnamesinde ilçe nüfusu 33.725 Müslüman, 153 Gayrimüslim olmak üzere 33.878 kişi olarak belirtilmiştir.

Coğrafya
İlçe, Ankara'nın güneyinde yer alır. Haymana'nın Ankara kent merkezine 55, Polatlı'ya 35, Gölbaşı'na 40 kilometre uzaklıktadır. İlçenin doğusunda Balâ ve Gölbaşı, güneyinde Kulu ve Cihanbeyli, batısında Polatlı ve kuzeyinde Gölbaşı ilçeleri yer alır.

İlçe topraklarının 2/3'ünü Haymana Platosu oluşturur. Ormanlık alan yok denecek kadar azdır. İlçenin sınırlarında bulunan dağlardan Karacadağ'ın yüksekliği 1724 m, Mangaldağ 1436 m ve Çaldağı 1351 m'dir. 297,6 hektar alanda tarım yapılmaktadır.

Haymana ilçesi, sıcak yer altı suları ve kaplıcaları ile ünlüdür.

Ayrıca Gavur Kalesi bulunmaktadır.

Nüfus
Haymana, 78 mahalleden oluşmaktadır. Haymana dışa göç veren bir ilçemizdir. Bunun sebebi geçim şartlarının zorlaşması ve insanların cazibe merkezi hâline gelen Ankara'da yaşamak istemesidir.

Mahalleler
Haymana'nın 78 mahallesinin 6'sı merkezde bulunmaktadır. Merkez mahallelerinde 9.912 kişi   (% 36,34) yaşamaktadır. En uzak mahallesi ise 66 km uzaklıktaki Alahacılı'dır. İlçede nüfusu en fazla olan, 842 kişi ile yine Kerpiç mahallesidir.  Haymana'nın nüfusu 2017 yılında % 3,2 azalmıştır.**

* Km,  kaymakamlığa olan uzaklıktır.

** TUİK 01 Şubat 2018 verileri

Yönetim

Belediye başkanları

Özdemir Turgut, 2014 Türkiye yerel seçimleri'nde DP'den seçildi sonra istifa ederek bağımsız oldu daha sonra AK Parti'ye katıldı.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Haymana


A Batalha de Hostomel foi uma batalha travada pelo controle da cidade de Hostomel entre as forças armadas russas e ucranianas durante a invasão russa da Ucrânia em 2022. Como parte da ofensiva de Kiev, as forças russas buscaram o controle de Hostomel, Bucha e Irpin para cercar e sitiar a capital ucraniana, Kiev, pelo oeste. Devido à intensidade da ofensiva de Kiev, a Administração Estatal de Kiev Oblast nomeou Hostomel, juntamente com Irpin, Bucha, Highway M06 e Vyshhorod como os lugares mais perigosos do Kiev Oblast.

Prelúdio

Em 24 de fevereiro de 2022, as forças aerotransportadas russas chegaram por meio de helicópteros e lutaram contra as forças ucranianas pelo controle do Aeroporto Hostomel. As forças ucranianas inicialmente expulsaram as tropas aerotransportadas russas do aeroporto, mas logo foram engajadas por reforços russos. Em 25 de fevereiro de 2022, as forças russas recapturaram o Aeroporto Hostomel dos ucranianos. Como resultado, a batalha mudou do aeroporto para a cidade vizinha quando as forças russas começaram a estabelecer uma base em Hostomel e pressionar seu avanço.

Batalha

25 a 28 de fevereiro de 2022

Após a batalha do aeroporto, as forças ucranianas e russas começaram a se enfrentar em Hostomel e nos arredores. Vídeos postados nas mídias sociais mostraram uma coluna de tanques russos queimando nos arredores da cidade e Mi-24s ucranianos disparando foguetes contra posições russas em uma área residencial. Kadyrovites teriam se mudado para os arredores da cidade ou para o aeroporto em preparativos para assassinar o presidente ucraniano Volodymyr Zelenskyy . O Serviço de Segurança da Ucrânia informou que o comboio Kadyrovites consistia em mais de 250 equipamentos e mais de 1.500 dos "melhores combatentes da República Chechena ". A inteligência ucraniana afirmou que recebeu esses relatórios de elementos do FSB que se opõem à invasão.

Em 26 de fevereiro de 2022, agindo de acordo com o relatório de inteligência anterior, as forças ucranianas interceptaram e destruíram um grupo de ataque checheno encarregado de assassinar o presidente Zelenskyy. Em outros lugares, UAVs ucranianos avistaram dois locais perto de Hostomel, onde os combatentes chechenos estavam se reunindo. A Guarda Nacional Ucraniana e o Grupo Alpha atacaram posteriormente esses locais, destruindo uma coluna de veículos blindados russos no processo. De acordo com autoridades ucranianas, Magomed Tushayev, general checheno e chefe do 141º Regimento Motorizado da Guarda Nacional da Rússia, foi morto durante o ataque. As forças ucranianas relataram que os Kadyrovites sofreram pesadas baixas como resultado desses ataques.

1 a 5 de março de 2022

Os moradores de Hostomel relataram que bombardeios e ataques aéreos constantes das forças russas os privaram de água, comida, eletricidade e remédios. O bombardeio constante também impediu que os moradores recebessem ajuda humanitária, evacuassem da cidade ou até mesmo retirassem cadáveres da rua. Kadyrovites foram relatados operando mais perto do Aeroporto Hostomel e estavam roubando moradores, enquanto soldados russos pressionavam seu avanço para Hostomel. Testemunhas oculares relataram soldados russos atirando em uma ambulância.

Em 3 de março de 2022, as forças ucranianas envolveram forças russas em combate urbano dentro de Hostomel. A Diretoria-Chefe de Inteligência do Ministério da Defesa da Ucrânia (GUR MO) informou que forças especiais sob seu comando e resistência local destruíram 20 BMDs russos (provavelmente BMD-3 e/ou BMD-4 ) em Hostomel. Dez dos BMDs foram destruídos às 18:30 (6:30 pm) perto da fábrica de vidro da cidade. As forças russas foram finalmente repelidas da cidade. Um vídeo publicado nas redes sociais retratando as consequências da batalha urbana mostrou veículos russos destruídos e abandonados e soldados russos mortos espalhados pelas ruas. Um franco-atirador ucraniano matou o major-general Andrey Sukhovetsky em Hostomel ou no aeroporto de Hostomel. Ele era o vice-comandante do 41º Exército de Armas Combinadas.

Em 4 de março de 2022, as forças ucranianas enfrentaram as forças russas nas ruas pela segunda vez, destruindo um BMD e bombardeando as forças russas com foguetes BM-21 Grad. Em outros lugares em Hostomel, soldados ucranianos anularam uma unidade de Kadyrovites, apreendendo suas armas, equipamentos e veículo blindado. Mais tarde, as forças ucranianas relataram ter recuperado o controle de Hostomel das forças russas. A inteligência ucraniana informou que a 31ª Brigada de Assalto Aéreo da Guarda Russa sofreu pelo menos 50 mortos nas batalhas em Hostomel. Forças especiais sob o GUR MO, o 3º Regimento de Propósitos Especiais e combatentes da resistência local foram relatados como tendo participado da batalha. Armas, equipamentos, funcionários e documentos pessoais russos foram apreendidos pelos militares ucranianos, com quaisquer armas utilizáveis sendo redistribuídas para a resistência local. O GUR MO informou que os soldados russos falecidos não possuíam nenhum documento de identificação; apenas atestados de vacinação e livros médicos em branco. No mesmo dia, no entanto, as forças ucranianas relataram que o major Valeriy Chybineyev foi morto perto do Aeroporto Hostomel. As forças russas, supostamente a 31ª Brigada de Assalto Aéreo da Guarda, mais tarde retornaram a Hostomel e ocuparam um complexo residencial, fazendo 40 ou mais moradores como reféns.

Um jornalista chamado Ruslan Vinichenko detalhou seu cativeiro de seis dias pelas forças russas dentro do porão do prédio. Segundo ele, os soldados russos reuniram 60 pessoas (incluindo ele próprio) no porão e estavam fazendo ações semelhantes com 90 pessoas em um complexo de apartamentos vizinho, confiscaram e destruíram seus telefones, saquearam seus apartamentos e divulgaram informações falsas sobre o estado da guerra . como as forças russas capturando Kiev e Odessa. A única vez que os moradores tinham permissão para sair do porão era para fumar ou coletar água. Em 10 de março, dia de sua fuga, Vinichenko afirmou que soldados russos anunciaram que estavam reunindo os moradores para se mudarem para a Bielorrússia. Ele tentou convencer o resto dos moradores a fugir com ele, mas eles estavam muito perturbados para sair. Vinichenko agarrou sua namorada e escapou da cidade depois que um motorista que passava os pegou. Três soldados russos viram o que estavam fazendo, mas não se preocuparam em detê-los.

Em 5 de março de 2022, as forças russas capturaram Hostomel e impediram que os civis evacuassem a cidade.

Contra-ataques ucranianos
Em 7 de março de 2022, o prefeito de Hostomel, Yuri Pylypko, juntamente com vários outros voluntários, foram mortos por tropas russas enquanto distribuíam alimentos e remédios aos moradores. Seu corpo foi supostamente capturado pelas forças russas. Quando o padre local veio buscar seu corpo, um simpático soldado russo impediu o padre de se aproximar, desarmou a armadilha e ajudou a carregar o corpo do prefeito em um carrinho de mão para ser transportado. Yuri foi enterrado perto da igreja local com honras. Em algum momento, as forças ucranianas recapturaram algumas partes de Hostomel. As forças russas responderam enviando dois grupos táticos do Batalhão para Hostomel em preparativos para uma ofensiva.

Em 8 de março de 2022, as forças ucranianas repeliram uma ofensiva noturna russa em Hostomel. Foi anunciado que as forças ucranianas estavam preparando uma evacuação em larga escala e entrega de ajuda humanitária para os moradores de Hostomel. No dia seguinte, as forças ucranianas conduziram uma evacuação em larga escala em Kyiv Oblast, inclusive em Hostomel. Até 20.000 civis foram evacuados no Oblast de Kiev. A evacuação continuou no dia seguinte.

Em 11 de março de 2022, os moradores relataram que as forças russas controlavam a maior parte de Hostomel, tornando extremamente difícil para os civis evacuar da cidade ou receber ajuda humanitária. Equipamentos militares russos foram transferidos para o centro da cidade e áreas residenciais, enquanto suprimentos russos estavam sendo entregues por meio de helicópteros. Testemunhas oculares também relataram Kadyrovites perambulando por Hostomel e executando civis por razões triviais. Ainda assim, os ônibus conseguiram evacuar com sucesso da cidade em 12 de março de 2022.

Em 13 de março de 2022, as forças ucranianas atacaram as forças russas que tentavam atravessar um rio perto de Hostomel usando uma ponte flutuante. A ponte e vários veículos russos foram destruídos.

Em 14 de março de 2022, Ramzan Kadyrov, chefe da República da Chechênia, afirmou ter entrado em Hostomel. A alegação não pôde ser verificada no momento do anúncio, mas foi recebida com dúvidas devido ao seu anúncio ser transmitido pela mídia estatal russa. O conselheiro presidencial Oleksiy Arestovych também duvidou da afirmação de Kadyrov devido à informação de Kadyrov ter sido visto em Grozny no dia anterior ao seu anúncio. Durante o dia, duas evacuações civis foram realizadas em Hostomel. A primeira coluna de 10 ônibus evacuou com sucesso mães, crianças, idosos e deficientes de Hostomel. A segunda coluna de quatro ônibus foi bombardeada por morteiros russos. Uma mulher foi morta e dois homens ficaram feridos no ataque.

Em 16 de março de 2022, as forças ucranianas lançaram uma contra-ofensiva contra as forças russas em torno de Kiev, incluindo Hostomel. De acordo com Andriy Nebitov, chefe da polícia da região de Kiev, as forças ucranianas conseguiram romper posições russas após realizar ataques de artilharia. Ele afirmou ainda que o contra-ataque interrompeu o plano das forças russas de atacar diretamente Kiev.

Retirada das forças russas
Em 1º de abril de 2022, Oleksandr Pavlyuk, chefe da Administração Militar Regional de Kiev, afirmou que as forças russas haviam deixado Hostomel. Em 2 de abril de 2022, todo o Oblast de Kiev, onde Hostomel está localizado, foi declarado livre de militares russos pelo Ministério da Defesa ucraniano depois que as tropas russas deixaram a área.

Hostomel

Batalha de Hostomel


كتاب التغيرات أو ايجنغ (بنظام ويد–جيلز:Yì Jīng) هو أحد أبرز وأهم خمسة كتب في التراث الفلسفي الصيني. كان يعتمده الصينيون في الأزمنة الغابرة في قراءة الطالع.وهو يعبر عن الفلسفة وعرض الكون للثقافة الصينية الكلاسيكية. وتتمثل فكرتها الأساسية في تفسير الخصائص والقوانين المتأصلة في التشغيل الطبيعي، وتفسير تناوب الين واليانغ لوصف كل شيء في العالم.

جاء القرن العشرين وهيأ العلامة الألماني ريتشارد ويلهيلم لينقله من الصينية إلى الألمانية، ثم نقلته المترجمة س. ف. باينز إلى الإنكليزية في النصف الأول من القرن الماضي.

مراجع

بوذية
تاريخ الأفكار
تاريخ الفلسفة
تزامنية
ديانة صينية
طاوية
قوالب زمن وتاريخ وتقويم
كتب الألفية 1 ق م
كتب صينية في الكهانة
كتب فلسفية
كونفوشية
مدارس الفكر الروحانية

كتاب التغيرات


Gara Antwerpen-Schijnpoort este o gară de mărfuri din orașul Antwerpen, Belgia, care a fost inaugurată în 1873, odată cu varianta feroviară de ocolire a orașului pe la est. Până în anul 1905, stația s-a numit "Gara Zurenborg". Deoarece referirea la Zurenborg nu era geografic corectă, gării i-a fost atribuit numele reperului istoric Schijnpoort din apropiere.

Antwerpen-Schijnpoort deservește liniile 12 Antwerpen-Centraal – frontiera olandeză (Roosendaal) și 27A Antwerpen (cap Y Liersesteenweg) – Portul Antwerpen.

Situația feroviară
Situată la aproximativ  altitudine deasupra nivelului mării, gara Antwerpen-Schijnpoort este poziționată la kilometrul feroviar (PK) 4,3 al liniei 12 Antwerpen-Centraal – frontiera olandeză, între gările Antwerpen-Est (închisă) și Antwerpen-Dam (închisă). De asemenea, gara este situată la PK 16,7 pe linia 27A, pe un tronson unde liniile 12 și 27A au trasee paralele și trec prin aceleași gări, cu excepția haltei Borgerhout (acum închisă), care nu era deservită decât de linia 12.

Partea de sud-vest a gării, de-a lungul liniei 12, este alcătuită din fasciculele de șine C, D, E și F și o linie către un tunel de spălare a trenurilor. Aceste fascicule sunt în general folosite pentru curățarea vagoanelor trenurilor de pasageri și formarea de trenuri noi. Această secțiune a gării aparține Infrabel.

Partea de nord-est a gării, de-a lungul liniei 27A, este alcătuită din fasciculele Q și T, folosite pentru încărcarea și descărcarea containerelor de marfă și schimbarea locomotivelor trenurilor de marfă.  Această secțiune a gării este gestionată de B-Cargo.

Corespondență cu transportul în comun
În apropierea gării, pe strada Schijnpoortweg, se află stația de premetrou Schijnpoort.

Note

Gări din Antwerpen
Fondări în 1873 în Belgia

Gara Antwerpen-Schijnpoort


Nong Hak (ນ້ອງຮັກ) est un film laotien réalisé par Mattie Do, sorti en 2016.

Synopsis
Une jeune femme quitte son village pour Vientiane afin de s'occuper de sa cousine qui a perdu la vue. Celle-ci semble avoir obtenu la faculté de communiquer avec les morts.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Nong Hak
 Titre original : ນ້ອງຮັກ
 Titre anglais : Dearest Sister
 Réalisation : Mattie Do
 Scénario : Christopher Larsen
 Musique : Sten Sheripov
 Photographie : Mart Ratassepp
 Montage : Zohar Michel
 Production : Mattie Do, Christopher Larsen, Helen Lohmus, Annick Mahnert, Sten Saluveer et Douangmany Soliphanh
 Société de production : Lao Art Media, Screen Division et Orée Films
 Pays : ,  et
 Genre : drame et horreur
 Durée : 101 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (Fantastic Fest)
 :

Distribution
 Amphaiphun Phommapunya : Nok
 Vilouna Phetmany : Ana
 Tambet Tuisk : Jakob
 Manivanh Boulom : Maid
 Yannawoutthi Chanthalungsy : le jardinier
 Maluly Chanthalangsy : Mimi
 Brandon Hashimoto : Kenji
 Naliphone Siviengxay : la mère d'Ana
 Douangmany Soliphanh : le père d'Ana

Distinctions
Le film a été présenté en sélection officielle en compétition au festival international de films de Fribourg, au festival international du cinéma d'Hermosillo et au festival international du film de Catalogne dans la section Focus Asia. Le film a été sélectionné par le Laos comme représentant pour l'Oscar du meilleur film en langue étrangère à la 90e cérémonie des Oscars mais n'a pas été nommé.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film laotien
Film estonien sorti en 2016
Film français sorti en 2016
Film dramatique estonien
Film dramatique français
Film d'horreur estonien
Film d'horreur français

Nong Hak


الجَمَلُون عموماً هو الجزء الأعلى من المثلث. ويستخدم المصطلح في الهندسة المعمارية لتعريف نوع من الأسقف للبيوت والمباني القرميدية. من الأمثلة على أسلوب بناء الجملون دار البلدية في مدينة مونستر الألمانية.

الجملون في الهندسة المدنية هو منشأ تكون وحدة تركيبة هو عنصر إنشائي، عادة مصنوع من الخشب، القطاعات، المواسير المعدنية، الخرسانة المسلحة، أو أي مادة أخرى.

الفكرة تقوم على أن يتم نقل الأحمال (سواء أحمال الوزن أو أحمال الرياح) على أعضاء المثلث الثلاثة مركزياً دون حدوث انبعاج أو التواء مما يؤدي إلى تخفيض وزن وحجم المنشأ بشكل كبير. ويتألف عامة من 3 أجزاء: أحدهم أفقي والآخرين مائلين يستندان على بعضهم البعض من جهة وعلى الجزء الأفقي من الطرف الأخر. كما أن القوة المساهمة في اتزان الجملون تكون مساوية لبعضها.

يستخدم الجملون بشكل واضح في الجسور والمخازن الكبيرة، بناء الأسقف المائلة.

الخصائص
يتكون الجملون عادةً (لكن ليس بالضرورة) من عناصر مستقيمة متصلة مع بعضها عند الوصلات، ويطلق عليها اسم نقاط اللوحة، وعادة ما تتكون من مثلثاث، بسبب ما يوفره هذا الشكل والتصميم من ثبات. المثلث هو أبسط شكل هندسي لا يتسبب بتغير في شكل الجملون عندما تكون أطوال الجوانب ثابتة. بالمقارنة، يجب أن تكون الزوايا وأطوال الشكل المكون من أربع جوانب مثبتة حتى يحافظ على شكله. تسمى الوصلات المصممة لتثبيث ودعم الجملون عادة باسم وصلة منتر.

الاستاتيكا
يوصف الجملون الذي يفترض أنه يتألف من عناصر متصلة بواسطة مساند تثبيث، ومدعم في كلا الطرفين بواسطة مفاصل منزلقة، بأنه محدد وقابل للحساب استاتيكيًا. تطبق قوانين نيوتن على الهيكل ككل، وكذلك على كل وصلة أو مفصل. لكي تظل أي وصلة متعرضة لحمل خارجي أو قوة محددة استاتيكيًا في الفراغ، يجب أن تتحقق الشروط التالية: مجموع كل القوى (الأفقية والرأسية)، بالإضافة إلى كل العزوم المؤثرة عليها تساوي صفرًا. وينتج عن تحليل هذه الحالات في كل وصلة مقدار الضغط أو الشد.

الجملونات المدعمة والمثبتة في أكثر من موضعين تكون غير محددة وغير قابلة للحساب استاتيكيًا، أي أن تطبيق قوانين نيوتن وحدها لا يكفي لتحديد مقدار القوى في العناصر.

لكي يكون الجملون المكون من عناصر متصلة مع بعضها بوصلات تثبيث مستقرًا، لا يلزم أن يكون مكونًا بالكامل من أشكال مثلثية. من الناحية الرياضية، يجب تحقق هذا الشرط لضمان ثبات واستقرار الجملون:

حيث يمثل m العدد الإجمالي لعناصر الجملون، وJ إجمالي عدد الوصلات، و r عدد قوى رد الفعل (يساوي 3 بشكل عام) في الهيكل ثنائي الأبعاد.

عندما تتحقق المعادلة التالية ، فإن الجملون يعتبر محددًا وقابلًا للحساب استاتيكيًا، لأنه يمكن تحديد القوى الداخلية في العناصر بالإضافة إلى قوى رد الفعل بشكل كامل عبر معادلات الاتزان، بمجرد معرفتنا بالأحمال الخارجية والشكل الهندسي للجملون. على فرض وجود عدد معين من الوصلات، يكون الحد الأدنى لعدد العناصر كما في المعادلة، بمعنى أنه إذا انهار أي عنصر، فإن الجملون كله سينهار أيضًا. في حين أن العلاقة (a) ضرورية، فإنها غير كافية لتحقيق الثبات والاستقرار للجملون، وهو ما يعتمد أيضا على الشكل الهندسي له، وأنواع التثبيت، وقدرة التحمل لعناصره.

بعض الجملونات مبنية بأكثر من هذا العدد الأدنى للعناصر، وقد تستمر هذه الهياكل ولا تتعرض للانهيار الكلي حتى عندما ينهار بعض عناصرها. تعتمد قوى عناصرها على الصلابة النسبية للعناصر، بالإضافة إلى شرط الاتزان الموصوف.

العيوب
تعتبر الجملونات من أسوأ تصاميم الأسقف في مناطق الأعاصير الاستوائية. ليس فقط لأنها تنخلع بسهولة في رياح الأعاصير، لكنها أيضاً تجمع الرياح كالأشرعة. فعندما تنساب الرياح داخل الجملون فإنه يعمل كجناح يجمع الهواء.

انظر أيضاً
 طبلة (عمارة)
 مسند (إنشاء)
 جملون (موقع إنترنت)
 سطح جملوني خشبي
 قوصرة (عمارة)

المراجع

أسقف
أنواع الجدران
عناصر معمارية
ميكانيكا

جملون


كار تسليت مسلسل مغربي ترثي أمازيغي . قدم نسخة عربية من المسلسل من خلال مسلسل خليجي أدت دور البطولة وينب العسكري

القصة
يرصد المسلسل سعي زوجة إلى تشتيت شمل عائلة زوجها، من خلال تدبير المكائد لحماتها وشقيق زوجها. ودافعها في ذلك كله هو حب التسلط والتمتع بثروة العائلة.

يقف المسلسل على جانب مثير من العلاقات العائلية، ويتعلق الأمر بعلاقة الزوجة بمحيط زوجها الأسري، وبالحماة على وجه الخصوص. فمن خلال قصة الفيلم ستستثمر الزوجة دهائها وخبثها لكسر حبل الود بين زوجها من جهة، وأمه وشقيقه من جهة أخرى.

تتوالى الأحداث وستفلح معها الزوجة في الزج بشقيق زوجها خلف قضبان السجن، وذنب الرجل أنه فكر في الزواج. وبعد ذلك ستفلح المرأة أيضا في طرد حماتها من منزل العائلة، بل ومن حياة الزوج أيضا. فإلى أي حد ستضحك الأيام لهذه المرأة المتسلطة؟

الأبطال
 فاطمة جطان
 حسناء عيموني
 محمد الزناني

مسلسلات تلفزيونية مغربية

كار تسليت (مسلسل)


Billy Budd, Sailor (An Inside Narrative), also known as Billy Budd, Foretopman, is a novella by American writer Herman Melville, left unfinished at his death in 1891. Acclaimed by critics as a masterpiece when a hastily transcribed version was finally published in 1924, it quickly took its place as a classic second only to Moby-Dick among Melville's works. Billy Budd is a "handsome sailor" who strikes and inadvertently kills his false accuser, Master-at-arms John Claggart. The ship's Captain, Edward Vere, recognizes Billy's lack of intent, but claims that the law of mutiny requires him to sentence Billy to be hanged.

Melville began work on the novella in November 1886, revising and expanding it from time to time, but he left the manuscript in disarray. Melville's widow Elizabeth began to edit the manuscript for publication, but was not able to discern her husband's intentions at key points, even as to the book's title. Raymond M. Weaver, Melville's first biographer, was given the manuscript and published the 1924 version, which was marred by misinterpretation of Elizabeth's queries, misreadings of Melville's difficult handwriting, and even inclusion of a preface Melville had cut. Melville scholars Harrison Hayford and Merton M. Sealts Jr. published what is considered the best transcription and critical reading text in 1962. In 2017, Northwestern University Press published a "new reading text" based on a "corrected version" of Hayford and Sealts' genetic text prepared by G. Thomas Tanselle.

Billy Budd has been adapted into film, a stage play, and an opera.

Plot
Billy Budd is a seaman impressed into service aboard HMS Bellipotent in the year 1797, when the Royal Navy was reeling from two major mutinies and was threatened by the Revolutionary French Republic's military ambitions. He is impressed to this large warship from another, smaller, merchant ship, The Rights of Man (named after the book by Thomas Paine). As his former ship moves off, Budd shouts, "And good-bye to you too, old Rights-of-Man."

Billy, a foundling from Bristol, has an innocence, good looks and a natural charisma that make him popular with the crew. He has a stutter, which becomes more noticeable when under intense emotion. He arouses the antagonism of the ship's master-at-arms, John Claggart. Claggart, while not unattractive, seems somehow "defective or abnormal in the constitution", possessing a "natural depravity." Envy is Claggart's explicitly stated emotion toward Budd, foremost because of his "significant personal beauty," and also for his innocence and general popularity. (Melville further opines that envy is "universally felt to be more shameful than even felonious crime.") This leads Claggart to falsely charge Billy with conspiracy to mutiny. When the captain, Edward Fairfax "Starry" Vere, is presented with Claggart's charges, he summons Claggart and Billy to his cabin for a private meeting. Claggart makes his case and Billy, astounded, is unable to respond, due to his stutter. In his extreme frustration he strikes out at Claggart, killing him instantly.

Vere convenes a drumhead court-martial. He acts as convening authority, prosecutor, defense counsel and sole witness (except for Billy). He intervenes in the deliberations of the court-martial panel to persuade them to convict Billy, despite their and his beliefs in Billy's moral innocence. (Vere says in the moments following Claggart's death, "Struck dead by an angel of God! Yet the angel must hang!") Vere claims to be following the letter of the Mutiny Act and the Articles of War.

Although Vere and the other officers did not believe Claggart's charge of conspiracy and think Billy justified in his response, they find that their own opinions matter little. The martial law in effect states that during wartime the blow itself, fatal or not, is a capital crime. The court-martial convicts Billy following Vere's argument that any appearance of weakness in the officers and failure to enforce discipline could stir more mutiny throughout the British fleet. Condemned to be hanged the morning after his attack on Claggart, Billy's last words prior to his execution are "God bless Captain Vere!", which are repeated by the gathered crew in a "resonant and sympathetic echo."

The novel closes with three short chapters that present ambiguity:
 Chapter 28 describes the death of Captain Vere. In a naval action against the French ship, Athée (the Atheist), Captain Vere is mortally wounded. His last words are "Billy Budd, Billy Budd."
 Chapter 29 presents an extract from an official naval gazette purporting to give the facts of the fates of John Claggart and Billy Budd aboard HMS Bellipotent, but the "facts" offered turn the facts that the reader learned from the story upside down. The gazette article described Budd as a conspiring mutineer likely of foreign birth and mysterious antecedents who is confronted by John Claggart. The master-at-arms, loyally enforcing the law, is fatally stabbed by Budd. The gazette concludes that the crime and weapon used suggest a foreign birth and subversive character; it reports that the mutineer was executed and nothing is amiss aboard HMS Bellipotent.
 Chapter 30 is a cheaply printed ballad, "Billy in the Darbies", written by one of Billy's shipmates as an elegy. The adult, experienced man represented in the poem is not the innocent youth portrayed in the preceding chapters.

Composition history

Composed fitfully over the last five years of his life, the novella Billy Budd represents Melville's return to prose fiction after three decades of only writing poetry. Melville had a difficult time writing, describing his process with Moby-Dick as follows: "And taking a book off the brain is akin to the ticklish and dangerous business of taking an old painting off a panel—you have to scrape off the whole brain in order to get at it with due safety—and even then the painting may not be worth the trouble...."
The "scrapings" of Billy Budd lie in the 351 leaves of manuscript now in the Houghton Library at Harvard University.

The state of this manuscript has been described as "chaotic," with a bewildering array of corrections, cancellations, cut and pasted leaves, annotations by several hands, and with at least two different attempts made at a fair copy. The composition proceeded in three general phases, as shown by the Melville scholars Harrison Hayford and Merton M. Sealts, Jr., who did an extensive study of the original papers from 1953 to 1962. They concluded from the evidence of the paper used at each stage, the writing instruments (pencil, pen, color of ink), insertions, and crossings out that Melville introduced the three main characters in three stages of composition: first Billy, in a draft of what became "Billy in the Darbies"; then Claggart: and finally Vere.

The work started as a poem, a ballad entitled "Billy in the Darbies", which Melville intended for his book, John Marr and Other Sailors. He added a short, prose head-note to introduce the speaker and set the scene. The character of "Billy" in this early version was an older man condemned for inciting mutiny and apparently guilty as charged. He did not include the poem in his published book. Melville incorporated the ballad and expanded the head-note sketch into a story that eventually reached 150 manuscript pages. This was the first of the three major expansions, each related to one of the principal characters. As the focus of his attention shifted from one to another of these three principals, he modified the plot and thematic emphasis. Because Melville never entirely finished the revisions, critics have been divided as to where the emphasis lay and to Melville's intentions.

After Melville's death, his wife Elizabeth, who had acted as his amanuensis on other projects, scribbled notes and conjectures, corrected spelling, sorted leaves and, in some instances, wrote over her husband's faint writing. She tried to follow through on what she perceived as her husband's objectives but her editing was confusing to the first professional editors, Weaver and Freeman, who mistook her writing for Melville's. For instance, she put several pages into a folder and marked it "Preface?" indicating that she did not know what her husband had intended. At some point Elizabeth Melville placed the manuscript in "a japanned tin box" with the author's other literary materials, where it remained undiscovered for another 28 years.

Publication history

In August 1918, Raymond M. Weaver, a professor at Columbia University, doing research for what would become the first biography of Melville, paid a visit to Melville's granddaughter, Eleanor Melville Metcalf, at her South Orange, New Jersey home. She gave him access to all the records of Melville that survived in the family: manuscripts, letters, journals, annotated books, photographs, and a variety of other material. Among these papers, Weaver was astonished to find a substantial manuscript for an unknown prose work entitled Billy Budd.

After producing a text that would later be described as "hastily transcribed", he published the first edition of the work in 1924 as Billy Budd, Foretopman in Volume XIII of the Standard Edition of Melville's Complete Works (London: Constable and Company). In 1928 he published another version of the text that, despite numerous variations, may be considered essentially the same text.

F. Barron Freeman published a second text in 1948, edited on different principles, as Melville's Billy Budd (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). He believed he stayed closer to what Melville wrote, but still relied on Weaver's text, with what are now considered mistaken assumptions and textual errors. Subsequent editions of Billy Budd up through the early 1960s are, strictly speaking, versions of one or the other of these two basic texts.

After several years of study, in 1962, Harrison Hayford and Merton M. Sealts, Jr., established what is now considered the correct, authoritative text. It was published by the University of Chicago Press, and contains both a "reading" and a "genetic" text. Most editions printed since then follow the Hayford-Sealts text.

Based on the confusing manuscripts, the published versions had many variations. For example, early versions gave the book's title as Billy Budd, Foretopman, while it now seems clear Melville intended Billy Budd, Sailor (An Inside Narrative); some versions wrongly included as a preface a chapter that Melville had excised (the correct text has no preface). In addition, some early versions did not follow his change of the name of the ship to Bellipotent (from the Latin bellum war and potens powerful), from Indomitable, as Melville called it in an earlier draft. His full intentions in changing the name of the ship are unclear, since he used the name Bellipotent only six times.

Literary significance and reception
The book has undergone a number of substantial, critical reevaluations in the years since its discovery. Raymond Weaver, its first editor, was initially unimpressed and described it as "not distinguished". After its publication debut in England, and with critics of such caliber as D. H. Lawrence and John Middleton Murry hailing it as a masterpiece, Weaver changed his mind. In the introduction to its second edition in the 1928 Shorter Novels of Herman Melville, he declared: "In Pierre, Melville had hurled himself into a fury of vituperation against the world; with Billy Budd he would justify the ways of God to man." German novelist Thomas Mann declared that Billy Budd was "one of the most beautiful stories in the world" and that it "made his heart wide open"; he declared that he wished he had written the scene of Billy's dying.

In mid-1924 Murry orchestrated the reception of Billy Budd, Foretopman, first in London, in the influential Times Literary Supplement, in an essay called "Herman Melville's Silence" (July 10, 1924), then in a reprinting of the essay, slightly expanded, in The New York Times Book Review (August 10, 1924). In relatively short order he and several other influential British literati had managed to canonize Billy Budd, placing it alongside Moby-Dick as one of the great books of Western literature. Wholly unknown to the public until 1924, Billy Budd by 1926 had joint billing with the book that had just recently been firmly established as a literary masterpiece. In its first text and subsequent texts, and as read by different audiences, the book has kept that high status ever since.

In 1990 the Melville biographer and scholar Hershel Parker pointed out that all the early estimations of Billy Budd were based on readings from the flawed transcription texts of Weaver. Some of these flaws were crucial to an understanding of Melville's intent, such as the famous "coda" at the end of the chapter containing the news account of the death of the "admirable" John Claggart and the "depraved" William Budd (25 in Weaver, 29 in Hayford & Sealts reading text, 344Ba in the genetic text) :

Weaver: "Here ends a story not unwarranted by what happens in this incongruous world of ours—innocence and 'infirmary', spiritual depravity and fair 'respite'."

The Ms: "Here ends a story not unwarranted by what happens in this {word undeciphered} world of ours—innocence and 'infamy', spiritual depravity and fair 'repute'."

Melville had written this as an end-note after his second major revision. When he enlarged the book with the third major section, developing Captain Vere, he deleted the end-note, as it no longer applied to the expanded story. Many of the early readers, such as Murry and Freeman, thought this passage was a foundational statement of Melville's philosophical views on life. Parker wonders what they could possibly have understood from the passage as printed.

Analysis and interpretations

Hershel Parker agrees that "masterpiece" is an appropriate description of the book, but he adds a proviso. [E]xamining the history and reputation of Billy Budd has left me more convinced than before that it deserves high stature (although not precisely the high stature it holds, whatever that stature is) and more convinced that it is a wonderfully teachable story—as long as it is not taught as a finished, complete, coherent, and totally interpretable work of art. Given this unfinished quality and Melville's reluctance to present clear lessons, the range of critical response is not surprising. A wide range of views by about twenty-five different authors, including Raymond Weaver, Lewis Mumford, Newton Arvin, and W.H. Auden, are published in Melville's Billy Budd and the Critics.

Some critics have interpreted Billy Budd as a historical novel that attempts to evaluate man's relation to the past. Thomas J. Scorza has written about the philosophical framework of the story. He understands the work as a comment on the historical feud between poets and philosophers. By this interpretation, Melville is opposing the scientific, rational systems of thought, which Claggart's character represents, in favor of the more comprehensive poetic pursuit of knowledge embodied by Billy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scorza|first=Thomas J.|title=In the Time Before Steamships: 'Billy Budd, The Limits of Politics, and Modernity|year=1979|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|page=210|url=https://archive.org/details/intimebeforestea0000scor|url-access=registration|isbn=978-0875800714}}</ref>

The centrality of Billy Budd's extraordinary good looks in the novella, where he is described by Captain Vere as "the young fellow who seems so popular with the men—Billy, the Handsome Sailor," have led to interpretations of a homoerotic sensibility in the novel. Laura Mulvey added a theory of scopophilia and masculine and feminine subjectivity/objectivity. This version tends to inform interpretations of Britten's opera, perhaps owing to the composer's own homosexuality. In her book Epistemology of the Closet (1990/2008), Eve Sedgwick, expanding on earlier interpretations of the same themes, posits that the interrelationships between Billy, Claggart and Captain Vere are representations of male homosexual desire and the mechanisms of prohibition against this desire. She points out that Claggart's "natural depravity," which is defined tautologically as "depravity according to nature," and the accumulation of equivocal terms ("phenomenal", "mystery", etc.) used in the explanation of the fault in his character, are an indication of his status as the central homosexual figure in the text. She also interprets the mutiny scare aboard the Bellipotent, the political circumstances that are at the center of the events of the story, as a portrayal of homophobia.

Melville's dramatic presentation of the contradiction between the requirements of the law and the needs of humanity made the novella an iconic text in the field of law and literature. Earlier readers viewed Captain Vere as good man trapped by bad law. Richard Weisberg, who holds degrees in both comparative literature and law, argued that Vere was wrong to play the roles of witness, prosecutor, judge, and executioner, and that he went beyond the law when he sentenced Billy to immediate hanging.  Based on his study of statutory law and practices in the Royal Navy in the era in which the book takes place, Weisberg argues that Vere deliberately distorted the applicable substantive and procedural law to bring about Billy's death. Judge Richard Posner has sharply criticized these claims. He objects to ascribing literary significance to legal errors that are not part of the imagined world of Melville's fiction and accused Weisberg and others of calling Billy an "innocent man" and making light of the fact that he "struck a lethal blow to a superior officer in wartime." The first issue of Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature is devoted to Billy Budd and includes essays by Weisberg and Posner.

H. Bruce Franklin sees a direct connection between the hanging of Budd and the controversy around capital punishment. While Melville was writing Billy Budd between 1886 and 1891, the public's attention was focused on the issue. Other commentators have suggested that the story may have been based on events on board USS Somers, an American naval vessel; Lt. Guert Gansevoort, a defendant in a later investigation, was a first cousin of Melville. If so then the character Billy Budd was likely inspired by a young man named Philip Spencer who was hanged on USS Somers on December 1, 1842.McFarland, Philip, Sea Dangers: The Affair of the Somers, New York: Schocken Books, 1985.

Harold Schechter, a professor who has written books on American serial killers, has said that the author's description of Claggart could be considered to be a definition of a sociopath. He acknowledges that Melville was writing at a time before the word "sociopath" was used. Dr. Robert Hare might classify Claggart as a psychopath, since his personality did not demonstrate the traits of a sociopath (rule-breaking) but of grandiosity, cunning manipulation, and a lack of empathy or remorse.

In law and literature
Since the late 20th century, Billy Budd has become a central text in the field of legal scholarship known as law and literature.
The climactic trial has been the focus of scholarly inquiry regarding the motives of Vere and the legal necessity of Billy's condemnation. Vere states, given the circumstances of Claggart's slaying, condemning Billy to death would be unjust. While critics have viewed Vere as a character caught between the pressures between unbending legalism and malleable moral principles, other critics have differed in opinion. Such other critics have argued that Vere represents a ressentient protagonist whose disdain for Lord Admiral Nelson he takes out on Billy, in whom Vere sees the traits of Nelson's that he resents. One scholar argues that Vere manipulated and misrepresented the applicable laws to condemn Billy, showing that the laws of the time did not require a sentence of death and that legally any such sentence required review before being carried out. While this argument has been criticized for drawing on information outside the novel, Weisberg also shows that sufficient liberties existed in the laws Melville describes to avoid a capital sentence.

Adaptations in other media

Theater and opera
 In 1951, Louis O. Coxe and Robert Chapman's 1949 stage adaptation, Billy Budd, opened on Broadway, winning both the Donaldson Awards and Outer Critics Circle Awards for best play.
 The best-known adaptation is the opera Billy Budd, with a score by Benjamin Britten and a libretto by E. M. Forster and Eric Crozier. The opera follows the earlier text of 1924, and was premiered in December 1951 in a 4-act version. Britten, Forster and Crozier subsequently revised the opera into a 2-act version, which was first performed in January 1964. Scholar Hanna Rochlitz has studied the adaptation of the novella into this opera in detail.
 Giorgio Ghedini also composed an Italian-language opera, premiered in 1949, adapted from the novella with a libretto by Salvatore Quasimodo based on the 1942 Italian translation by Eugenio Montale. The Ghedini opera has not been as widely performed as Britten's work.

Film
 Peter Ustinov produced and directed the 1962 film Bill Budd, adapting its script from Coxe and Chapman's 1951 Broadway production (above). The black-and-white film costars a young Terence Stamp as the title character, Ustinov as Captain Vere, Robert Ryan as Master d'Arms Claggart, and Melvyn Douglas as "The Dankster". Actors David McCallum, Paul Rogers, and John Neville are also featured in the film as officers aboard HMS Avenger.
 Claire Denis' Beau Travail (1999), set in Djibouti, is loosely based on the novel. In the 2022 Sight and Sound decennial poll of film critics and directors to determine current thinking on which films are the best of all time, Beau Travail was one of the new entries into the top ten, placing seventh.

 Music

 "Billy Budd"  is a song on the 1994 album Vauxhall and I  by English indie artist Morrissey.

Television
 General Motors Theatre presented a live telecast of Billy Budd in 1955, starring a young William Shatner as Billy Budd, with Douglas Campbell as Claggart and Basil Rathbone as Captain Vere. Britten's "Four Sea Interludes" was included as background music.
 Two different productions based on the Britten opera were broadcast in 1988 and 1998.

Radio
 In 2002, Focus on the Family adapted "Billy Budd, Sailor" as an audio drama for their Radio Theater program.

Audiobook
 In 2018 the actor and audiobook narrator Liam Gerrard narrated the audiobook version of Billy Budd, Sailor for Enriched Classics.

References

External links

 Herman Melville's Billy Budd manuscript (complete color facsimile), from Herman Melville Papers (MS Am 188–188.6). Houghton Library, Harvard University.''
 Online version of Billy Budd at Bibliomania
 Hypertext version, Billy Budd (1948, Freeman edition), University of Virginia

 Billy Budd, study guide, themes, quotes, character analyses, teaching guide

Adaptations for cinema and television:
  (1962) directed by Peter Ustinov and with him as Captain Vere and Terence Stamp as Billy Budd
  (1980) with Porgy Franssen
  (1988) with Thomas Allen
  (1998) with Dwayne Croft

1924 American novels
Fiction set in 1797
Novels set in the 1790s
Budd, Billy
American novellas
Novels by Herman Melville
Novels set in the French Revolution
Novels set on ships
Novels published posthumously
Unfinished novels
Fiction about law
Courts-martial in fiction
Novels adapted into operas
American novels adapted into films
Budd, Billy
American novels adapted into television shows
Law and literature

Billy Budd


Akihiro Hayashi (født 7. maj 1987) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Shimizu S-Pulse, Sagan Tosu og FC Tokyo.

Referencer

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Akihiro Hayashi


Bostanlı, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Andırın ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

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Kahramanmaraş iline ? km, Andırın ilçesine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

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Glenea francisi é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrito por Karl-Ernst Hüdepohl em 1990.

Referências

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francisi
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Glenea francisi


Vandergriff ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

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 Jerry Vandergriff (* 1942), US-amerikanischer Footballspieler
 Tom Vandergriff (1926–2010), US-amerikanischer Politiker

Vandergriff


Tengku Ampuan Hajah Afzan Rahimahallah binti Almarhum Tengku Muda Haji Muhammad (Jawi: تڠكو امڤوان حاجه  افضان رحمة ﷲ بنت المرحوم تڠكو ڤڠليما ڤرڠ تڠکو محمد) 4 December 1932 – 29 June 1988) was the Tengku Ampuan of Pahang. She served as Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia between 26 April 1979 and 25 April 1984.

Early life
Born on 4 December 1932 in Kuala Terengganu, she was the fourth child of Tengku Muhammad ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Al-Mu'adzam Shah and Tengku Hajah Mandak binti Tengku Mustafa, and the granddaughter of Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Shah, the first Sultan of Pahang.

Her father, the son of Sultan Ahmad of Pahang, served as Chief Minister of Terengganu before returning to Pahang to hold the same post.

Tengku Hajah Afzan received her early education at the Malay Girls' School in Pekan. She also received private tuition in English.

Marriage and becoming queen
On 22 April 1954, at the age of 22, she married Ahmad Shah, Crown Prince of Pahang, at Kuala Lipis and became the Tengku Puan (Crown Princess) of Pahang. She gave birth to seven children, two boys and five girls, including the sixth and current Sultan of Pahang and the sixteenth Yang Di Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah, Tengku Meriam, Tengku Muhaini, Tengku Aishah, Tengku Abdul Rahman, Tengku Nong Fatimah and Tengku Shahariah.

In 1974 when Ahmad Shah ascended to the throne of Pahang, she became his queen consort styled as Tengku Ampuan of Pahang. She was Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia (queen consort of the elected leader) between 1979 and 1984.

Death
Tengku Afzan died on 29 June 1988 at 8:42 am at Istana Pahang, Kuala Lumpur at the age of 55 due to cancer. She was laid to rest at the Pahang Royal Mausoleum near Abu Bakar Royal Mosque in Pekan, Pahang.

Awards and recognitions
She has been awarded :

Honours of Pahang
  Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I) (6 May 1975)
  Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) – Dato' Sri
  Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang  (SIMP) – formerly Dato', now Dato' Indera (29 May 1972)

National and Sultanal honour
  (as wife of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 29 March 1979 – 25 April 1984) :
  Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN) (29 May 1979)

Foreign honour
  :
 First Class of the Order of Tudor Vladimirescu (25 November 1982)

Places named after her
Several places named after her, including:
 Tengku Ampuan Afzan Mosque in Kuantan, Pahang
 Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital in Kuantan, Pahang
 Institut Tengku Ampuan Afzan, a child development centre in Kuala Lumpur
 Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Tengku Ampuan Afzan in Kuala Lipis, Pahang
 SM Tengku Ampuan Afzan, a secondary school in Chenor, Pahang
 SMK Tengku Afzan, a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang
 SMKA Tengku Ampuan Hajjah Afzan, a secondary school in Jerantut, Pahang
 Maahad Tahfiz Al Quran Wal Qiraat Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pekan, Pahang
 Taman Tengku Ampuan Afzan, a residential area in Lanchang, Pahang

See also
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Raja Permaisuri Agong

References

1932 births
1988 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Malaysia
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Royal House of Pahang
Pahang royal consorts
Malaysian royal consorts
Queens consort of Malaysia
Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm
First Classes of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang

Tengku Ampuan Afzan


Truležari (lat. Scarabaeidae), porodica kukaca kornjaša, dio je natporodice Scarabaeoidea. Latinsko ime porodice dolazi po rodu Scarabaeus. Postoji podjela na nekoliko potporodica.

Ticala ovih kukaca završavaju s 3 do 7 listića koje mogu lepezasto raširite. Njihove ličinke,. poznate kao gečice, žive u truleži i izmetu, pa otuda i ime porodici, trulkežari. Najpoznatiji predstavnici porodice su sveti kotrljan (Scarabeus sacer), obična zlatna mara (Cetonia aurata), afrički golijat (Goliathus goliathus), obični hrušt (Melolontha melolontha), išarani drvar (Polyphylla fullo), obični nosorožac (Oryctes nasicornis),  golemi američki rogač (Dynastes hercules)

Potporodice

 Aclopinae Blanchard, 1850
 Allidiostomatinae Arrow, 1940
 Aphodiinae Leach, 1815
 Aulonocneminae Janssens, 1946
 Cetoniinae Leach, 1815
 Chironinae Blanchard, 1845
 Cretoscarabaeinae Nikolajev, 1995 †
 Dynamopodinae Arrow, 1911
 Dynastinae MacLeay, 1819
 Eremazinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1977
 Euchirinae Hope, 1840
 Lithoscarabaeinae Nikolajev, 1992 †
 Melolonthinae Samouelle, 1819
 Orphninae Erichson, 1847
 Phaenomeridinae Erichson, 1847
 Prototroginae Nikolajev, 2000 †
 Rutelinae MacLeay, 1819
 Scarabaeinae Latreille, 1802
 Termitotroginae Wasmann, 1918

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Kornjaši

Truležari


Georg Detharding (født 13. maj 1671 i Stralsund, død 19. oktober 1747 i København) var en tysk læge.

Han studerede medicin i Rostock og derefter ved talrige andre universiteter. I 1696 blev han professor i medicin og matematik i Rostock - en post, han beklædte i 35 år, hvor han 4 gange var universitetsrektor. I 1732 blev han professor ved Københavns Universitet, hvilket embede han tiltrådte året efter og beholdt til sin død.

Kilder

Læger fra Tyskland
Rektorer ved Københavns Universitet
Tyskere i 1600-tallet
Tyskere i 1700-tallet
Personer fra Stralsund

Georg Detharding


Mogens Fischer er en dansk musiker, der spillede trommer i bandet Bifrost fra 1974. Han forlod gruppen efter udgivelsen af det tredje album, Læn Dem ikke ud fra 1979.

Senere medvirkede han på et par album med Annapurna (Dillen, Californiske frugter); han var desuden medproducer på Dillen. I de senere år har han spillet i gruppen Bekkurs Bench blandt andet sammen med det andet tidligere Bifrost-medlem, Torben Andersen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Tjek fødsels- og dødsår
Trommeslagere fra Danmark
Bifrost

Mogens Fischer


Bosa (sardinski: Bòsa, Osa) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Oristanu u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 2 metra i ima 7 929 stanovnika. Prostire se na 128,02 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 62 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Magomadas, Modolo, Montresta, Suni, Padria, Pozzomaggiore i Villanova Monteleone.

Izvori

Općine u pokrajini Oristano

Bosa


Metaciclina este un antibiotic din clasa tetraciclinelor, fiind utilizat în tratamentul bronșitei cronice.

Note

Vezi și
 Doxiciclină
 Minociclină
 Tetraciclină
 Tigeciclină

Tetracicline

Metaciclină


Die Premier Division ist im Badminton in England die höchste Spielklasse für Mannschaften, in denen Teams der Countys gegeneinander antreten. Sie wurde 1996 als Nachfolger für die Inter-County Championships installiert, welche von 1930 bis 1996 stattfanden. Die Premier Division wird in die höherklassigere Premier Division A und die niederklassigere Premier Division B unterteilt.

Die Sieger

Weblinks
http://www.badmintonengland.co.uk/text.asp?section=2546

Englische Badmintonmeisterschaft
Liste (Badminton)
Erstveranstaltung 1996

Premier Division (Badminton)


Avenir est une mini-série télévisée française réalisée par Frank Bellocq sur un scénario de Kev Adams, Daive Cohen, Frank Bellocq et Élodie Hesme, et diffusée en Belgique sur RTL TVI depuis le  et en France sur TF1 depuis le .

Cette fiction fantastique est une production de MyFamily (Elisa Soussan) et TF1, réalisée avec le soutien de la région Île-de-France.

Synopsis
Dans le magasin d'électroménager où il travaille, Eliott est un vendeur peu performant qui peine à vendre des frigos et à gagner assez d'argent pour offrir une bague à Émilie, la jeune et belle vendeuse qu'il rêve de demander en mariage.

Un jour, Kamel, vendeur dans le même magasin, montre à ses collègues comment gagner facilement de l'argent sur un site spécialisé en données qui rachète d'anciennes adresses mail pour quelques centaines d'euros.

Le soir, Eliott se connecte au site VETAM (Vends Ton Adresse Mail) et propose à la vente l'adresse mail qui était la sienne quand il avait 11 ans. Mais un bug informatique se produit et ce n'est pas VETAM qui lui répond mais le petit Eliott de 11 ans, propriétaire de l'ancienne adresse mail : Eliott commence alors à communiquer avec l'enfant qu'il était en 2001.

Quand il réalise que l'enfant lui parle le 1er septembre 2001, soit le jour de l'accident qui a rendu sa sœur handicapée, Eliott décide d'influer sur le passé pour changer le cours des choses et éviter à Olivia de passer le reste de sa vie en fauteuil roulant.

Mais changer le passé n'est pas sans risques, et Eliott va l'apprendre à ses dépens.

Distribution

Les adultes
 Kev Adams : Eliott Martin
 Alice David : Olivia, la sœur d'Eliott
 Natacha Lindinger : Sofia Martin, la mère d'Eliott
 Éric Elmosnino : Bertrand Martin, le père d'Eliott
 Guillaume de Tonquédec : D Henri Sax, pédopsychiatre
 Marilyn Lima : Eva Sax
 India De Almeida : Émilie, le grand amour d'Eliott
 Jérémie Dethelot : Camille Bienaimé
 Illyès Salah : Kamel
 Olivier David : Jean-Luc

Les enfants
 Madi Meftah et Sohel Meftah : Elliott à 11 ans
 Mahamadou Yaffa : Camille à 11 ans
 Katell Varvat : Eva à 11 ans
 Yéléna Polizzi : Olivia à 15 ans
 Timéo Beasse : Mattias

Production

Genèse et développement
La série est créée et coécrite par Kev Adams, Daive Cohen, Frank Bellocq et Élodie Hesme, et réalisée par Frank Bellocq.

Elle est réalisée par Frank Bellocq, qui avait révélé Kev Adams dans la série Soda et qui l'a mis en scène dans le film Happy Nous Year.

La série consacre le retour au petit écran de Kev Adams qui s'était exclusivement consacré au cinéma depuis 2015, après la fin de la série Soda.

Kev Adams annonce pour cette série . Le magazine Première annonce de son côté la série comme .

Attribution des rôles
Kev Adams explique comme suit à Jean-Marc Verdrel, du site Coulisses.tv, son implication dans le projet .

Quand Jean-Marc Verdrel lui demande s'il a participé au casting, l'acteur répond .

Tournage
Le tournage de la série a lieu en Île-de-France du 13 juin au 30 septembre 2022, avec une interruption du 30 juillet au 15 août.

Fiche technique

 Titre français : Avenir
 Genre : Drame fantastique
 Production : Elisa Soussan et Kev Adams
 Sociétés de production : MyFamily et TF1
 Réalisation : Frank Bellocq
 Scénario : Kev Adams, Daive Cohen, Frank Bellocq et Élodie Hesme
 Musique : Simon Says
 Décors : Jacky Hardouin
 Costumes :
 Photographie :
 Son :
 Montage :
 Maquillage :
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur
 Nombre de saisons : 1
 Nombre d'épisodes : 6
 Durée :
 Dates de première diffusion :
 Belgique :  sur RTL TVI
 Suisse :  sur RTS Un
 France :  sur TF1

Épisodes
 Eliott
 Olivia
 Eva
 Émilie
 Sofia
 Sax

Accueil

Audiences et diffusion

En Belgique
En Belgique, la série est diffusée les mercredis vers 20 h 35 sur RTL TVI par salve de deux épisodes du  au .

En France
En France, la série est diffusée les lundis vers 21 h 10 sur TF1 par salve de deux épisodes du  au .

{| class="wikitable center" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Épisode
! colspan="2" |Diffusion
! colspan="4" |Audience moyenne
! rowspan="2" |
|-
!Jour
!Horaire
!Nombre detéléspectateurs
!Part de marché()
!Part de marché(FRDA-50)
!Classement
|-
|1
| rowspan="2" | Lundi
|21:10 - 22:05
| bgcolor="#CEF2CE" |
|15,2 %
| rowspan="2" |32,5 %
| rowspan="6" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|2
|22:05 - 23:15
|
| bgcolor="#CEF2CE" |15,4 %
|-
|3
| rowspan="2" | Lundi
|21:10 - 22:05
|
| bgcolor="#F2CECE" |12,9 %
| rowspan="2" |28,7 %
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|4
|22:05 - 23:15
|
|14,8 %
|-
|5
| rowspan="2" | Lundi
|21:10 - 22:05
|
| bgcolor="#F2CECE" |12,9 %
| rowspan="2" |30,7 %
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Ludovic Galtier|titre=Audiences : Quel score pour le retour de "Meurtres au paradis" sur France 2 face au final dAvenir' sur TF1 ?
|url=https://www.ozap.com/actu/audiences-quel-score-pour-le-retour-de-meurtres-au-paradis-sur-france-2-face-au-final-d-avenir-sur-tf1/629141|site=ozap.com|consulté le=2023-03-14}}.</ref>
|-
|6
|22:05 - 23:15
| bgcolor="#F2CECE" |
|14,8 %
|-
! colspan="8" |
|-
| colspan="3" |Moyenne de la saison
|
|14,3 %
|30,6 %
|
|
|}

 Accueil critique
Le magazine Télé 7 jours estime que la série est moderne et portée par des comédiens talentueux.

Pour l'hebdomadaire Télé Star, cette série propose .

Le magazine Télé 2 semaines donne 2 étoiles à la série et souligne .

De son côté, l'hebdomadaire Télécâble Sat Hebdo'' donne 3 étoiles à la série tout en trouvant .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 2022
Série télévisée française des années 2020
Mini-série française
Série télévisée dramatique
Série fantastique française
Série télévisée se déroulant en France
Série télévisée en français

Avenir (série télévisée)


Pelle Mattsson (født 4. August 2001) er en dansk fodboldspiller som spiller for Silkeborg IF som Midtbane.

I januar 2019 blev han sammen med Rasmus Carstensen så småt indlemmet i SIF's førsteholdstrup – dog fortsat med kampe på U19-holdet. Han var med på SIF's træningslejr i Tyrkiet i februar og deltog også i en del af testkampene op til sæsonen. I april var han så klar til sin debut.

Personlige forhold
Han er lillebror til fodboldspilleren og tidligere holdkammerat Magnus Mattsson som også spillede for Silkeborg IF, mens hans far Joakim Mattsson er cheftræner, og han har tidligere været assistenttræner i Silkeborg IF, Randers FC og Odense Boldklub. Mattsson har bl.a. trænet Christian Eriksen i Odense Boldklub, da han var træner der.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Spillerprofil hos Silkeborg IF

Fodboldspillere fra Silkeborg IF

Pelle Mattsson


Largo do Boticário est une célèbre place située dans le quartier Cosme Velho de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, au Brésil. L'accès se fait par une ruelle étroite - Beco do Boticário - qui passe sur un petit pont sur la rivière Carioca. L'espace se caractérise par sa végétation exubérante de forêt atlantique et ses demeures néocoloniales.

Histoire
Le nom de la ruelle et de la place est dérivé de Joaquim Luís da Silva Souto, un apothicaire (Boticario) qui avait son établissement sur l'ancienne Rua Direita, au centre-ville de Rio. L'apothicairerie, très prospère et qui comptait parmi ses clients la famille royale, acheta des terres dans la région de Cosme Velho et s'installa sur la côte vers 1831. En 1846, le maréchal Joaquim Alberto de Souza Silveira, habitué de la cour et parrain à la naissance de Machado de Assis, y réside.

L'aspect définitif de la place a commencé à être donné dans les années 1920, lorsque Edmundo Bittencourt, fondateur du journal Correio da Manhã, a acheté le terrain et a commencé à construire des maisons dans un style néocolonial. La vague néocoloniale a été poursuivie dans les années 1930 et 1940 par le diplomate et collectionneur d'art Rodolfo da Siqueira, qui était un architecte amateur et a vécu sur la place entre 1928 et 1941, et par Sylvia de Arruda Botelho Bittencourt et son mari Paulo, héritiers du journal Correio da Manha. Certaines de ces maisons ont été rénovées avec la participation des architectes modernistes Lucio Costa et Gregori Warchavchik, en utilisant des matériaux coloniaux authentiques issus des démolitions effectuées dans la ville.

De nos jours

À son apogée, de nombreuses personnalités brésiliennes et étrangères passaient par les demeures du Largo do Boticário, attirées par les fêtes et les réunions organisées par les résidents distingués. Entre 2006 et 2008, l'une des maisons vides était occupée par un groupe de sans-abris.

Largo do Boticário est l'un des rares endroits où il est possible de voir la rivière Carioca couler à l'air libre. À proximité de la place, on trouve d'autres sites historiques de Cosme Velho : le Solar dos Abacaxis et la gare du Corcovado.

Dans les années 1970, la place a servi de décor au film James Bond : Moonraker.

Références

Source de traduction

Articles connexes
 Cosme Velho
 Río Carioca
 Train du Corcovado

Rio de Janeiro
Place au Brésil

Largo do Boticário


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Bacúch enthält die vier nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Bacúch im Okres Brezno.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Bacuch


An Earina aestivalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Frederic Cheeseman. An Earina aestivalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Earina, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Earina

Earina aestivalis


Brijunska deklaracija ili Brijunski sporazum je deklaracija donesena 8. srpnja 1991., kojom je proglašenje hrvatske samostalnosti odgođeno na tri mjeseca, do 8. listopada 1991.

Tijekom raspada Jugoslavije i izbijanja rata u Sloveniji, a zatim i u Hrvatskoj, hrvatski sabor 25. lipnja 1991. donosi ustavnu odluka o suverenosti i samostalnosti Republike Hrvatske. Na poticaj Europske zajednice dolazi do sastanka na Brijunima.

Na sastanak je došlo hrvatsko i slovensko državno vodstvo, a Slobodan Milošević se, iako pozvan, nije pojavio. Kao predstavnik Jugoslavije se ipak pojavio Borislav Jović, tadašnji predsjednik Predsjedništva SFRJ, a EZ je na sastanak poslala čak 3 ministra vanjskih poslova država članica. Bili su to Hans van den Broek iz Nizozemske (kasnije bio i povjerenik EU), Jacques Poos iz Luksemburga i João de Deus Pinheiro iz Portugala.

Tri mjeseca kasnije, 8. listopada 1991., sabor je izglasao odluku o raskidu državnopravnih sveza s ostalim republikama i pokrajinama SFRJ čime je završen proces osamostaljenja Hrvatske od SFRJ.

Izvori

Povijest neovisne Hrvatske
Povijest neovisne Slovenije

Brijunska deklaracija


داء الرشاشيات عند الطيور  هو مرض طفيلي، تسببه بعض الفطور ، رشاشية، وهي فطور انتهازية، موجودة بكثرة في الطبيعة، توجد في القنوات الطبيعية كالقصبة الهوائية والرئتين والقنوات السمعية.
تأخد مستعمراته شكل قديفة باللون الأخضر. يتطلب نموه نسبة عالية من الرطوبة ودرجة حرارة عالية.

طرق الانتقال
ينتقل الطفيلي عن طريق العلف والماء الملوث بأنواع الفطر.

الأعراض
 اٍصابة العين
 اٍنتفاخ الأجفان
 أعراض تنفسية : وجود شحرجة
 نسبة النفوق : 50%

التشريح
 ظهور العقد في القلب والكبد والكلية.
 ظهور عقد غضروفية متنخرة في الرنة وعلى الأكياس الهوائية.

العلاج
غير مجدي عادةً ويفضل قتل الطيور.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 داء الرشاشيات موقع البيطرة السورية (أنظر بعد مرض القراع في الاٍبل)
 الأمراض التي تصيب الدوجن من موقع البيطرة السورية

 داء الرشاشيات عند الطيور من موقع الرشاشيات

أمراض الطيور
أمراض حيوانية المنشأ
أمراض فيروسية
طب بيطري

داء الرشاشيات عند الطيور


المسرح الأوروبي هو السبب الرئيسي ومسرح العمليات خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى وهو المكان الذي بدأت وانتهت فيه الحرب.وخلال أربع سنوات من الصراع، كانت أوروبا أحد مسارح هذه المعركة التي لم يسبق لها مثيل في حجم الجيوش المجهزة بميكانيكيات وتكنولوجيات جديدة، مما اسفر عن ملايين القتلى والجرحى.

كانت أوروبا أهم المسارح في هذا النزاع، بسبب أن معظم الدول المتحاربة كانت تقع في أوروبا،مما جعله المسرح الرئيسي في الحرب العالمية الأولى.

نظرة عامة

كان المسرح الأوروبي ينقسم إلى أربعة مسارح للعمليات وهي: الجبهة الغربية، والجبهة الشرقية، والجبهة الإيطالية، وجبهة البلقان. ولكن لم تكن جميع الدول في أوروبا تشارك في الحرب. ولم يحدث قتال في جميع الدول الكبرى. فالمملكة المتحدة كانت أراضيها بعيدة عن أحداث الحرب، ومعظم فرنسا لم يتأثر. أكثر الدول التي تأثرت بأحداث الحرب في أوروبا كانت ألمانيا وإيطاليا. بعض البلدان الكبيرة في أوروبا ظلت محايدة لكامل الحرب مثل السويد وإسبانيا. وفي المقابل احتلت بعض البلدان مثل صربيا وبلجيكا ورومانيا من قبل دول أخرى مثل روسيا والدولة العثمانية وشهدت مسيرة الجيوش على معظم أراضيها، مع قدر كبير من الدمار الناتج.

دخلت الولايات المتحدة الحرب في أوروبا، ونظرا لأن بريطانيا العظمى هي المسيطرة على المحيط الأطلسي، فقد حارب الجيش الاميركي في أوروبا على الجبهة الغربية. وكان الجيش الاميركي ينقل الجنود والمعدات عن طريق السفن عبر المحيط حتى يتمكن من محاربة الألمان في فرنسا.

الصراعات البحرية

بسبب الهيمنة لبريطانية والفرنسية البحرية، لم يحدث سوى قدر محدود من المعارك التي وقعت في البحار المحيطة بأوروبا. أرسل الألمان أسطولا بحرية لمحاصرة بريطانيا من البحر وإغراق السفن التجارة البريطانية لقطع المعونة عن بريطانيا ،ونجح ذلك في بداية الحرب.حدثت معركة واحدة كبيرة في المياه القريبة من أوروبا وهي معركة Jutland 31 مايو 1916 - 1 يونيو 1916 بين الاسطول الألماني وأسطول بريطانيا العظمى. وكانت هذه واحدة من أكبر المعارك البحرية في العالم.

مراجع

أوروبا في عقد 1910
مسارح حرب وحملات الحرب العالمية الأولى

مسرح أحداث أوروبا خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى


Hagos Gebrhiwet (* 11. Mai 1994 in Ts'a'ida Imba) ist ein äthiopischer Langstreckenläufer aus Tigray und zweimaliger Olympionike (2012 und 2016).

Werdegang

2011 gewann er die San Silvestre Vallecana über 10 km. Den wegen seines Gefälles nicht bestenlistentauglichen Kurs legte er in 27:57 min zurück. 2012 nahm er am Shanghai Golden Grand Prix teil und gewann den 5000-Meter-Lauf mit einer Zeit von 13:11,00 min. Im Juli sorgte Gebrhiwet für einen Junioren-Weltrekord als er beim Diamond League Meeting in Paris über 5000 m in 12:47,53 min als Gesamtzweiter auch die Olympiaqualifikation schaffte. Bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen in London wurde er Elfter über 5000 Meter.

2013 gewann Gebrhiwet das Juniorenrennen über 8 km bei den Crosslauf-Weltmeisterschaften in Bdygoszcz. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften in Moskau errang er hinter dem Briten Mo Farah die Silbermedaille im 5000-Meter-Lauf. Im folgenden Jahr wurde er bei den Hallenweltmeisterschaften in Sopot Fünfter über 3000 Meter.

Bei den Crosslauf-Weltmeisterschaften 2015 in Guiyang belegte Gebrhiwet den vierten Platz und trug damit zum Sieg Äthiopiens in der Mannschaftswertung bei. Am 29. August 2015 gewann er die Bronzemedaille im 5000-Meter-Lauf bei den Weltmeisterschaften in Peking.

Bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2016 in Rio de Janeiro gewann Gebrhiwet im 5000-Meter-Lauf die Bronzemedaille hinter dem Briten Mo Farah und dem US-Amerikaner Paul Kipkemoi Chelimo.

Im August 2018 lief er in Brüssel die 5000 m in 12:45,82 min, womit er zu diesem Zeitpunkt auf Rang 5 der ewigen Weltbestenliste lief.

2019 siegte Gebrhiwet in Hengelo bei den äthiopischen Ausscheidunsgwettkämpfen für die Weltmeisterschaften in Doha über 10.000 m mit einer Zeit von 26:48,95 min. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften selbst kam er mit 27:11,37 min auf Rang 9 ins Ziel.

Persönliche Bestzeiten
 3000 m: 7:30,36 min, 10. Mai 2013, Doha
 Halle: 7:32,87 min, 2. Februar 2013, Boston
 5000 m: 12:42,18 min, 21. Juli 2023, Monaco
 10.000 m: 26:48,95 min, 17. Juli 2019, Hengelo

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

3000-Meter-Läufer (Äthiopien)
5000-Meter-Läufer (Äthiopien)
Crossläufer (Äthiopien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Äthiopien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Äthiopier
Geboren 1994
Mann

Hagos Gebrhiwet