Nuklearni magneton jednak je magnetskomu momentu protona u atomu i iznosi:

Zbog takozvane hiperfine strukture vrijednost nuklearnog magnetona znatno je manja i ovisi o broju protona i neutrona u atomskoj jezgri.

Magnetski momenti i normalni Zeemanov učinak

Klasična teorija magnetskih momenata pošla je od Oerstedova otkrića da električne struje proizvode oko sebe magnetska polja. Zatvorena električna struja djeluje kao magnet. Magnetski moment, stvoren vrtnjom elektriciteta, sukladan (proporcionalan) je umnošku jakosti s površinom koju struja omeđuje. Ova važna klasična spoznaja može se primijeniti i na gibanje elektrona oko atomske jezgre. I elektron stvara "zatvorenu struju" pa djeluje kao magnet. Magnetski moment je određen momentom impulsa. Između magnetskog momenta i impulsa vrtnje postoji odnos:

Ovaj klasični izraz preuzela je i kvantna teorija. No ovdje impuls vrtnje ne može poprimiti sve vrijednosti, nego samo diskretne nφ∙h/2∙π. Uvrstimo li to u gornju jednadžbu, dobivamo:

gdje je: nφ = 1, 2, 3, ….

U kvantnoj teoriji magnetski su momenti jednaki cijelom broju osnovne jedinice:

Ovaj elementarni magnetski moment zove se Bohrov magneton. Iskustvo pokazuje da atomima zaista pripadaju magnetski momenti tih veličina. Bohrov magneton jedna je od temeljnih prirodnih konstanti.

Magnetski momenti atoma dolaze do izražaja kad ih stavimo u vanjsko magnetsko polje. Razmotrimo sada kako se mijenjaju energetski nivoi atoma u magnetskom polju. Vanjsko magnetsko polje možemo smatrati u području atoma konstantnim. U magnetskom polju H ima atom potencijalnu energiju:

Potencijalna energija atoma zavisi od smjera magnetskog momenta prema vanjskom magnetskom polju. Može li to biti bilo koji smjer? Kad bi to bilo tako, potencijalna bi energija atoma poprimila kontinuirane vrijednosti između - μ∙H i + μ∙H. Ta kontinuiranost morala bi se očitovati i u atomskom spektru. No to se protivi činjenicama. Atomski spektri ostaju oštri linijski spektri i u magnetskom polju. Moramo, dakle, pretpostaviti da se magnetski momenti atoma postavljaju samo u određenim, diskretnim smjerovima prema magnetskom polju.

Tvrdimo, a to se može izvesti iz kvantnih uvjeta Sommerfelda i Wilsona, da se staza elektrona može prema vanjskom magnetskom polju samo tako orijentirati da projekcija njegova momenta impulsa MH i magnetskog momenta bude opet ista diskretna veličina:

Da izbjegnemo zabunu, dodali smo masi elektrona indeks e; m se zove magnetski kvantni broj i može poprimiti cijele brojeve od + nφ do - nφ:

m = - nφ, - nφ + 1…, - 1, 0, + 1, … nφ - 1, nφ

Zadnje dvije jednadžbe su temelj kvantne teorije atoma. Moment impulsa je vektor koji stoji okomito na ravninu gibanja. Dok nema vanjskog magnetskog polja, može ravnina gibanja elektrona ležati po volji u prostoru. No, kad stavimo atom u magnetsko polje, ravnina gibanja mora se tako postaviti da je projekcija momenta impulsa u smjeru polja opet jednaka cijelom broju od h/2∙π. U kvantnoj teoriji nisu kvantizirani samo impulsi vrtnje nego i njihove projekcije u smjeru magnetskog polja.

Promotrit ćemo sada posebne slučajeve, gdje impuls vrtnje p ima redom vrijednosti h/2∙π, 2∙h/2∙π, 3∙h/2∙π, … Magnetsko polje ima stalan smjer. Obično se uzima da je to smjer odozdo prema gore:
 nφ = 1. Moment impulsa može se postaviti samo paralelno, antiparalelno i okomito prema smjeru magnetskog polja. Magnetski kvantni broj m poprima vrijednosti + 1, - 1 i 0.
 nφ = 2. Kao i prije, moment impulsa može se postaviti samo paralelno, antiparalelno i okomito. Magnetski kvantni broj m poprima vrijednosti + 2, - 2 i 0. No, pored toga može moment impulsa stajati gore i dolje pod kutom od 60° prema magnetskom polju. Tada je cos φ = 1/2, pa je projekcija momenta impulsa jednaka h/2∙π. U tim slučajevima ima magnetski kvantni broj m vrijednosti + 1 i - 1.
 nφ = 3. Moguće je 7 orijentacija: cos (pφ, H) =  ± 1, ± 2/3, ± 1/3 i 0.

Općenito je moguć paralelan, antiparalelan i okomit smjer momenta impulsa s obzirom na vanjsko polje. Ako je kvantni broj vrtnje veći od 1, tad su još mogući i smjerovi kod kojih je kosinus kuta jednak omjeru između dva cijela broja:

Što kaže iskustvo o tome? Već prije postanka kvantne mehanike našao je P. Zeeman da se spektralne linije u magnetskom polju cijepaju na više komponenata. Razmotrimo neku spektralnu liniju. Njena frekvencija je dana Bohrovim postulatom:

gdje je: E'  - energija početnog stanja, E" - energija konačnog stanja. Za vrijeme emisije neka djeluje na atom jaki magnet. Tad pridolazi svakom energetskom nivou još magnetska energija: μ∙H∙cos(μ, H), što možemo dalje pisati: μB∙H. Prema tome vidimo da atomu u magnetskom polju pridolazi potencijalna energija:

gdje je: m =  0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, …

Pri kvantnom prijelazu atoma može se magnetski kvantni broj promijeniti za 1 ili 0. Energija emitiranog kvanta svjetlosti (fotona) jednaka je, dakle:

gdje je: Δm =  0, + 1, - 1

Frekvencija emitirane spektralne linije pod djelovanjem magnetskog polja jednaka je:

Označimo frekvenciju nesmetane linije s ν0 i uvrstimo za Bohrov magneton prethodni izraz. Tad dobivamo za spektar u magnetskom polju izraz:

Mjesto jedne spektralne linije imamo tri. Jedna linija, Δm =  0, leži na mjestu prvobitne linije, druge dvije su za e∙H/4∙π∙me∙c pomaknute nalijevo ili nadesno, već prema tome da li je Δm = - 1 ili Δm =  + 1. Te tri linije našao je P. Zeeman 1896. Pojava triju linija mjesto jedne u magnetskom polju zove se normalnim Zeemanovim učinkom ili efektom. Zeemanov učinak očito pokazuje diskretnost u orijentacijama magnetskih momenata.

Cijepanje spektralnih linija u magnetskom polju iznosi:

Razmak između lijeve i desne linije je to veći što je magnetsko polje jače. Cijepanje je svakako malo, dok djeluju nornalna magnetska polja. Mjerenja daju točno pomak frekvencije, koji smo teorijski proračunali.

Ovdje je važno napomenuti da klasična teorija daje za pomak spektralnih linija u magnetskom polju isto što i kvantna. Promjena frekvencije slaže se s Larmorovom frekvencijom.

Po Larmorovu teoremu, elektronskom sustavu u megnetskom polju pridolazi jednolika vrtnja (rotacija) s frekvencijom νL = - (e∙H/4∙π∙me∙c). Već prema tome da li se elektroni okreću oko magnetskih silnica u pozitivnom ili negativnom smjeru, frekvencija će se elektrona povećati ili umanjiti za Larmorovu frekvenciju. Oni elektroni koji titraju linearno u smjeru magnetskih silnica neće, naravno, uopće promijeniti frekvencije. Općenito možemo svako titranje elektrona rastaviti u ta tri tipična titranja, pa prema tome dobivamo po klasičnoj teoriji u emisijskom ili apsorpcijskom spektru tri linije. Zeemanov nalaz bio je u prvo vrijeme shvaćen kao velik uspjeh Lorentzove elektronske teorije. Danas znamo da klasična teorija ne može objasniti emisije ni apsorpcije. Uzrok da se kvantna jednadžba ipak podudara s klasičnom Larmorovom frekvencijom leži u tome što je iz te jednadžbe ispala Planckova konstanta. Kvantna teorija je tu na neki način skrivena. Prema načelu korespodencije prelazi kvantna teorija u klasičnu kad konstanta h teži k nuli. Ovdje se mora kvantna jednadžba podudarati s klasičnom, jer se u njoj kod tog graničnog prijelaza ništa ne mijenja.

Pomoću načela korespodencije možemo vrlo dobro shvatiti izborna pravila koja vrijede za emisiju svjetlosti. U klasičnom modelu Zeemanovog učinka imamo 3 frekvencije. Očito je da nesmetano linearno titranje u smjeru polja korespondira prijelazu Δm = 0, pri kojemu se frekvencija ne mijenja. Oba klasična kružna ili cirkularna titranja, pri kojima se frekvencija mijenja za νL, korespondiraju prijelazima Δm = + 1 i -1. Drugi prijelazi u kvantnoj teoriji nisu mogući, jer za njih nema klasičnog analogona.

Klasični model daje također točnu sliku o polarizaciji emitirane svjetlosti. Prema trima različitim titranjima elektrona imamo linearno, lijevo i desno polariziranu svjetlost. Kvantnom skoku Δm = 0 odgovara linearno polarizirana svjetlost u smjeru polja, kvantnim skokovima Δm = + 1 i -1 kružna (cirkularna) polarizacija oko magnetskih silnica. Linearno polarizirane emisijske linije označuju se kao π komponente, a kružno (cirkularno) polarizirane kao σ komponente.

Vidjeli smo da klasični dipol ne zrači energije u smjeru svoje osi. Kad mjerimo jakost (intenzitet) svjetlosti u osi dipola, ne primjećujemo ništa. Isto tako i kod Zeemanovog učinka, kad gledamo svjetlost longitudinalno, to jest u liniji paralelnoj s magnetskim poljem, opažamo samo dvije spektralne linije, naime kružno (cirkularno) polarizirane. Naprotiv, kad gledamo transverzalno, okomito na smjer polja, opažamo sve tri linije.

Izvori

Elektromagnetizam
Nuklearna fizika
Kvantna mehanika

Nuklearni magneton


may refer to:

Places
Ichikawa, Chiba, a city in Chiba, Japan
Ichikawa Gakuen (Ichikawa Junior and Senior High School), a large private boys and girls school in Moto-kita-kata, Ichikawa, Chiba
Ichikawa, Hyogo, a town in Hyōgo, Japan
Ichikawamisato, frequently known simply as Ichikawa, a city in Yamanashi, Japan
Ichi River, a river in Hyōgo Prefecture

Other uses
Ichikawa (surname)

Ichikawa


Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee-owned American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees and members of the Jenkins family. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (858), Georgia (207), Alabama (88), South Carolina (69), Tennessee (55), North Carolina (53), and Virginia (19).

Publix maintains 1,380 store locations across the Southeast. As of June 2023, Florida has the largest number of stores, with 874. As of September 2022, Publix employs about 240,000 people at its retail locations, cooking schools, corporate offices, nine grocery distribution centers, and eleven manufacturing facilities. The manufacturing facilities produce its dairy, deli, bakery, and other food products.  Publix is the largest employee-owned company in the United States.

History

Early history

George Jenkins previously worked as a stock clerk and a manager at Piggly Wiggly from 1926 to 1930. Jenkins's store had been bought out by a corporation. Jenkins went to share some ideas he had for the business but was turned down by corporate because the CEO was busy playing a game of golf. Jenkins left the store and aspired to create a new store, one where all ideas from associates and others were welcome. When Jenkins decided to open his own grocery store, he adopted the name "Publix" from a struggling New York-based movie theater company (with 19 opulently decorated movie houses in Florida) called Publix Theatres Corporation.

Jenkins stated, "Most of the theaters were closing up, and I liked the sound of the name, so I just took it for my store." Jenkins opened the first Publix Food Store in Winter Haven, Florida, on September 6, 1930, a 3,000-square-foot building located at 58 Northwest 4th Street. In 1934, that store made $120,000 in sales. In 1935, he opened a second market, the Economy Food Store, also in Winter Haven. Despite the Great Depression, his stores were financially successful.

In 1940, Jenkins, called "Mr. George" by his employees, mortgaged an orange grove to build Florida's first supermarket. On November 8, 1940, his "food palace" opened at 199 West Central Avenue, having piped-in music, air conditioning, cold cases for frozen and refrigerated items, in-store doughnut and flower shops, and electric-eye automatic doors. During World War II, material shortages prevented him from building additional stores. In 1945, Jenkins purchased the 19-store All American chain of food stores and converted them into Publix Super Markets.

In 1951, Publix moved its headquarters from Winter Haven to Lakeland, Florida, and built its first distribution warehouse there. At the same time, they began to close the All American stores, replacing them with Publix markets. In 1956, Publix achieved $50 million in sales, and $1 million in profit. In 1957, the donut shop in each store was expanded into a full-service bakery.

Florida expansion

By 1959, Publix was the dominant supermarket chain in Central Florida, and began expansion to South Florida, opening a store in Miami and acquiring six stores from Grand Union. In 1963, the company built a distribution center in Miami, and began providing deli services. In 1970, sales surpassed $500 million; they reached $1 billion in 1974, when the chain expanded to include Jacksonville, Florida.

In 1982, the company launched the Presto! ATM network; it soon installed ATMs in every Publix. Sales exceeded $5 billion in 1989.

In 1983, Carol Jenkins Barnett joined the Publix Board of Directors and served in that role until 2016. During her time at Publix, the company grew into the largest supermarket chain in Florida, and expanded into five other states.

On October 5, 1995, Publix opened its 500th store in Miami, Florida.

Publix Super Markets bought 49 Florida stores from Albertsons. The deal was announced on June 9, 2008, and was completed on September 9, 2008. It included 15 locations in North Florida, 30 in Central Florida, and four in South Florida. The sale allowed Publix to operate four stores in a new market area for the company, Escambia County, Florida (the Pensacola area).

On February 5, 2009, Publix opened its 1,000th store in St. Augustine, Florida, becoming one of only five U.S. grocery retailers to achieve that number of stores. The St. Augustine store is among Publix's first stores designed to be energy-efficient. The store includes motion sensor lights throughout the store, including on the freezer doors, and an overhead light system that can be controlled by each department.

Southern and Mid-Atlantic expansion
The first Publix outside Florida opened in Savannah, Georgia, in 1991; distribution and manufacturing facilities in Dacula, Georgia (a northeastern suburb of Atlanta) soon followed, as it entered metro Atlanta in 1993. Publix further expanded into South Carolina (1993), Alabama (1996), Tennessee (2002), North Carolina (2014), and Virginia (2017), and has announced plans to expand into Kentucky (2023).

In 2011, Publix announced it was expanding into North Carolina, initially by opening stores in the Charlotte metropolitan area, and later announced construction of a new store in Asheville. The first Charlotte-area Publix store (on the South Carolina side of the metropolitan area, opened in 2012); the first North Carolina Publix store opened in Ballantyne in 2014.  Concurrently, Publix purchased seven Charlotte-area locations from competitor BI-LO stores. Publix completed the purchase of property in Boone, North Carolina, on November 20, 2015, with plans to open in 2017.

In February 2016, Publix announced their entry into the Virginia market, with the signing of two store leases, the first in Bristol scheduled to open in 2017 and the second in metropolitan Richmond scheduled for 2018. In July 2016, it was announced that Publix had entered into a purchase agreement with Ahold Delhaize for 10 Martin's Food Markets locations in the Richmond market as part of the divestiture of stores to gain clearance from the Federal Trade Commission for the impending Ahold/Delhaize merger.

In April 2016, Ed Crenshaw, grandson of founder George Jenkins, retired from his position as CEO. President Todd Jones, a 36-year Publix employee whose first job was as a front service clerk (bagger), took on Crenshaw's responsibilities as CEO. Jones is the first member outside of the Jenkins family to have assumed the position. Ed Crenshaw will remain with Publix as chairman of the board of directors.

Kentucky expansion
On September 7, 2021, Publix announced its first Kentucky location, expected to open in late 2023 in northeast Louisville near the intersection of the Gene Snyder Freeway and Old Henry Road. The first Publix Liquors location outside Florida will be adjacent to this supermarket. Exactly three months later, Publix announced plans for a second northeast Louisville location, this one near the intersection of Ballardsville and Brownsboro Roads in the Worthington community. Expected to open in early 2024, this location will also feature an adjacent Publix Liquors store. On June 23, 2022, the same day that ground was broken for the Old Henry Road store, the company announced that it had signed a lease for a future store in Lexington at a development on the corner of Harrodsburg Road and Man o' War Boulevard. The Lexington store, including an adjacent Publix Liquors location, is planned to open in late 2024. A third Louisville location, on Shelbyville Road outside the Snyder Freeway in the far-eastern Eastwood area, was announced in December 2022 and is expected to open in the first half of 2024. It will also include an adjacent Publix Liquors store.

Response to the COVID-19 pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Publix started working with the federal and state agencies and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) beginning in late January 2020. The chain closed food demonstrations, and increased sanitation and routine cleaning, as well as installing plexiglas partitions at registers and customer service desks. As of July 21, 2020, face masks were required for all customers in all Publix facilities.

During the pandemic, Publix said it would purchase milk and fresh produce from farmers and dairies in Florida who faced reduced demand as a result of school and restaurant closures. Publix said the produce, which would otherwise be discarded, would be donated to food banks of Feeding America.

Publix started to administer COVID-19 vaccines in early January 2021, with a 22-store pilot in the state of Florida with a focus on long-term care residents and staff, seniors, and health-care personnel. As of mid-February, Publix had provided more than 300,000 vaccines for customers in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Virginia. Publix has faced criticism over its extensive involvement in the distribution of vaccines in Florida, including allegations that it had curried favor with the Ron DeSantis administration by making a campaign donation through an affiliated PAC, and that Publix as exclusive distributor disproportionately favored wealthy neighborhoods.

Publix and the DeSantis administration deny that there was a pay to play arrangement; in an April 2021 interview with 60 Minutes, DeSantis stated that Publix "were the first one to raise their hand" when Florida sought distribution partners for vaccines in retail (noting that CVS Health and Walgreens were largely focusing on vaccination at long-term care facilities), and that 90% of Florida's senior population lived in close proximity to a Publix location, especially in Palm Beach (which has 65 locations, and was identified by the Governor as "one of the most elderly counties"). These remarks were not included in the version of the interview aired by CBS, which has led to allegations that the interview had been edited to create a false narrative. The Democratic Party Mayor of Palm Beach County Dave Kerner stated, "The reporting was not just based on bad information — it was intentionally false. I know this because I offered to provide my insight into Palm Beach County's vaccination efforts and 60 Minutes declined."

Stores

Each store provides products and services in its grocery, deli, bakery, produce, floral, meat, and seafood departments. Some stores have valet parking, cafés, sushi bars, pharmacy departments, and/or a liquor store. The submarine sandwiches sold at Publix delis are often referred to as "Pub subs".

The customer service counter also provides check cashing, money orders, Western Union services, Rug Doctor rentals, and lottery tickets. Some stores also provide DVD rental services. In December 2005, Publix discontinued its photo processing service, replacing it with an online or mail-order service via the Snapfish program. The Snapfish agreement has since been terminated, and Publix no longer offers photo services.

Aprons
Publix operates 11 cooking schools under the Aprons name.
The schools offer cooking demonstrations in which customers are encouraged to sample a variety of dishes prepared at in-store kiosks and take a recipe card with them. All recipes are developed in-house, using easy-to-prepare or prepackaged ingredients, often available at the Aprons kiosk.

In 2005, Publix introduced its Aprons make-ahead meals concept. Customers could purchase meals that they could assemble in-store or, for an extra charge, an Aprons associate would prepare and assemble the meals. These were standalone stores located in Jacksonville and Lithia, Florida. In summer 2009, Publix closed both locations citing lack of customer interest.

Publix GreenWise Market

GreenWise Market is a retail concept the company introduced in 2007 in response to the increase in the number and profitability of health food stores such as Whole Foods Market. GreenWise Markets were created to increase awareness of nutrition; products under the GreenWise brand are free from added dyes, flavors, hormones, raised without antibiotics, or are USDA organic. These stores are similar to the Whole Foods Market chain. In addition to organic and traditional products, GreenWise Markets include salad and hot bars. The first six stores were set to be in Palm Beach Gardens, Boca Raton, Vero Beach, Tampa, Naples, and Coral Springs, Florida.

The first GreenWise Market opened on September 27, 2007, in Palm Beach Gardens. The second Publix GreenWise Market opened in Boca Raton on May 29, 2008, located in Boca Village Square. The third Publix GreenWise Market opened November 6, 2008, in Tampa's Hyde Park neighborhood.

From 2008 to 2016, the company focused on a "hybrid" concept instead, integrating the GreenWise concept into traditional Publix stores. Approximately half of locations built since 2008 are considered hybrid stores.

In 2017, the company announced they would resume building standalone GreenWise locations, the first of which will be near the campus of Florida State University in Tallahassee, opening in 2018.

In May 2023 Publix announced it would be discontinuing the Greenwise Market banner.

Publix Sabor
Publix operated seven stores, branded "Publix Sabor" (sabor is Spanish for "flavor"), which cater to Latinos living in South Florida and offer products from Latin America. Located in Miami-Dade County in Greater Miami, the seven themed stores are spread between Miami and Hialeah. They have since been closed and replaced by newly built locations or merged with existing stores that are not part of the Sabor sub-brand. Two other Publix Sabor locations in Kissimmee and Lake Worth

Publix Sabor locations have bilingual English-Spanish employees, open seating cafés, and a wider selection of prepared foods from the deli and bakery catering to Hispanic flavors.

Pharmacy

The first Publix in-store pharmacy was opened on October 30, 1986, in Altamonte Springs, Florida. By 1995, one-third of Publix stores had a pharmacy and today, approximately 90% of Publix stores include a pharmacy. Publix Pharmacies consistently ranked number one for customer satisfaction in supermarket pharmacies in several surveys conducted by independent research companies.

Free medications
Publix announced in August 2007, that it would offer several types of antibiotics free to its customers. Customers must have a prescription; they are given a maximum of a two-week supply. Several medical professionals expressed concerns that this could contribute to an overuse of antibiotics which leads to antibiotic resistance, a serious public health concern. These medications include:
 Amoxicillin (excluding Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid)
 Ampicillin
 Penicillin VK and
 Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) (Excluding liquid SMZ-TMP)

These antibiotics are offered to customers regardless of their prescription insurance provider. Doxycycline Hyclate was removed from the list because of cost increases. In May 2014, Cephalexin was removed from the list due to cost increases.

In March 2010, Publix announced the launch of another free prescription, Metformin for Type II Diabetes, the generic of Glucophage. Publix provides the medication in 500 mg, 850 mg, and 1000 mg strengths. The only restriction is a 90-day supply or up to 360 500-mg, 270 850-mg, or 225 1000-mg tablets, but refills are not limited.

In August 2011, Publix began offering Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor that is used to prevent, treat, or improve symptoms of high blood pressure, certain heart conditions, diabetes, and certain chronic kidney conditions, as another free prescription. Customers can get a 90-day supply of this prescription for free at any Publix Pharmacy, up to a maximum of 180 tablets. Lisinopril-HCTZ combination products are excluded.

In May 2014, Publix began offering Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina) as a free medication. Customers can get a 90-day supply of this medication (up to 180 2.5-mg or 5-mg tablets, or 90 10-mg tablets) free of charge.

Montelukast, a medicine used for the treatment of allergies and asthma, was added to the free medication program in February 2017, but discontinued at the end of 2018.

The Little Clinic
In early 2006, Publix and The Little Clinic signed an exclusive agreement to open medical clinics within Publix stores. The first clinics were opened in the Atlanta, Miami, Orlando, and Tampa markets in the first half of 2006. The Little Clinic health-care centers were staffed by nurse practitioners who can write prescriptions, provide diagnosis and treatment of common ailments and minor injuries, and offer wellness care like physicals, screenings, and vaccinations. Effective May 9, 2011, Publix closed the Little Clinics in its stores in order to focus on its core pharmacy and grocery business.

BayCare telehealth sites
Publix and BayCare Health System announced a collaboration to provide telehealth and telemedicine services at specialized pharmacies in four Tampa Bay-area counties in March 2017. Pharmacies participating in the program have private rooms for patients to speak with a board-certified physician in BayCare's network via teleconferencing, plus diagnostic tools that can be used by the patient, with or without assistance from pharmacy staff. Doctors will be able to perform basic exams and write prescriptions for minor illnesses and conditions for patients.

Online shopping and delivery services

PublixDirect
In October 2001, Publix launched its first online shopping site called PublixDirect that would deliver groceries directly to the customer. Their first distribution center was situated in Pompano Beach, Florida. Customers who lived in Broward along with parts of Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties were the first areas to have access to their new service. Service was intended to be expanded to Orlando, Atlanta and other areas. However, the service never saw expansion past the South Florida area. Due to low demand, it was announced that PublixDirect would cease operations on August 22, 2003. The remaining deliveries were made the next day with the remaining orders being canceled or redirected to the customer's nearest Publix store.

Publix Curbside
After PublixDirect, Publix made a second attempt in 2010 at e-commerce with the introduction of Publix Curbside. Customers had the ability to browse and purchase groceries online, then drive to a participating location where an associate will have selected their items and would bring them out to the buyer's vehicle. Announced as a pilot program with locations in the Atlanta area and Tampa, the program was ended in January 2012 after its performance reportedly did not meet expectations.

The company later resurrected its curbside concept, this time using its delivery partner, Instacart, to manage the online ordering portion of the service. Currently in a trial stage, the second iteration of Publix Curbside began with two pilot locations in the greater Tampa area in September 2017, and is expected to expand to the greater Atlanta area by the end of the year.

Instacart
In July 2016, Publix announced another pilot program with Instacart to offer online shopping and delivery services in the greater Miami area. Customers in 37 ZIP codes from Hallandale Beach to South Miami are able to participate in the program. Not all products available at stores, [such as tobacco, gift cards, prescriptions] and age-restricted items, are able to be delivered by the service. Beer and wine can be delivered in Florida and North Carolina only.

As of February 2017, Instacart deliveries from Publix are available in the metro areas of Atlanta, Charlotte, Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Orlando, Raleigh, Richmond, Tampa, Jacksonville, and Nashville, as determined by ZIP code.

Later in 2017, Publix announced its intent to expand its delivery program, and expects to have the service available from more than 90 percent of stores by the end of the year.

Food World
In response to other grocery stores aggressively discounting across the Florida market, Publix opened its first Food World store in September 1970 in Orlando, Florida. The store marked the first under the Food World banner for Publix and would become the first of 22 more of the type.

In November 1977, in Lakeland, Florida, Publix opened the Lake Miriam Food World, which, at 57,000 sq. ft., was its largest store in the company and also the largest store in the Southeastern United States. The store was the company's first to feature barcode scanners.

The brand was retired in 1985 because the stores were unable to turn a profit for Publix or give workers a percentage of their store's profits.

Publix PIX
Starting in 2001, Publix operated 14 PIX (stylized in all capitals) gasoline-convenience stores in Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee. Locations were limited during the trial period of the concept. In 2014, all Florida and Georgia locations were sold to Circle K, the sole Tennessee location was sold to another entity, and the concept was discontinued. The locations were converted to other brands, as Publix retains the rights to "PIX".

Crispers
In 2002, Publix invested in the Lakeland-based restaurant chain Crispers, which concentrates on health-conscious fare. It increased its stake in 2004 before purchasing the remainder of the company in 2007. In May 2011, Publix announced it had sold the Crispers chain to Healthy Food Concepts LLC. The stores had not performed well during the downturn and in recent years Publix closed several units, leaving the chain with 36 stores when the sale was announced.

Publix Liquors
Publix tested the market response to liquor stores in the late 1980s, but closed its test sites in 1989. It re-entered the liquor sales market again in 2003 and has met with success since. The liquor store is in an area accessed via a separate entrance as required by local laws, modeled after many other grocery chains. All Publix Liquors locations to date have been in Florida; the first such stores outside that state are planned to open in late 2023 and early 2024 in Louisville, Kentucky.

DVD rental kiosks
In 2005, Publix began installing The New Release DVD rental kiosks within eight of its South Florida stores with expansion to other South Florida stores by 2006. The movie rentals were priced at $1 per day in addition to sales tax.

Following the purchase of The New Release by NCR in 2009, a partnership was formed with the NCR company and Blockbuster to replace the existing kiosks with Blockbuster Express kiosks. This replacement began the same year with additional kiosks being installed at all of the other Publix locations which was completed by 2010. The cost of the rentals remained the same.

In 2012, NCR sold its entertainment division, which includes the Blockbuster Express kiosks, to Coinstar, the owner of the Redbox DVD rental kiosks. Blockbuster Express machines were replaced with Redbox machines in most stores by the end of 2012.

Starbucks
In December 2016, Publix opened its first in-store Starbucks location in the Orlando area, with five more opening throughout 2017.

Presto!

Presto! is an automated teller machine (ATM) network owned and operated by Publix Super Markets. There are over 1,100 Presto! ATMs in Florida, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, all located at Publix retail stores. This network includes point of sale (POS) capabilities, meaning that debit, credit, electronic benefit transfer (EBT) cash, or EBT food stamp cards can be used to make purchases at any Publix store.

Working environment

The company, founded in 1930, has never had a layoff.

In 1995 Publix was sued "for sex discrimination in job assignments, promotions and allocation of hours" and settled for $81.5 million in 1997. Publix had claimed that the suit was simply an effort by the United Food and Commercial Workers to unionize the company, but the judge ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and required Publix to "correct some of its statements."

Publix announced that effective January 1, 2015, health coverage would be available to same-sex couples regardless of place of marriage, as long as they are legally married.  In early 2018, Publix came under fire by the Human Rights Campaign and other LGBT rights organizations for refusing to cover PrEP HIV prevention drugs under its employee health plans.  Shortly after the furor, Publix changed its health plans to cover PrEP.

Political giving
Publix political giving is coordinated through their Political Action Committee (PAC), which the company leverages to promote business interests.

According to the Miami New Times, Publix' recent political leanings favor conservative causes, such as opposing the legalization of medical marijuana and the regulation of polystyrene, better known by the brand name Styrofoam. Publix also contributes to the PAC supporting Ron Desantis, who some conservatives argue is a business-friendly governor. Following the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, contributions to other conservative leaders - specifically Adam Putnam - resulted in local protests in the Miami Area. Moments before the protests began, the company announced that it would suspend corporate-funded political contributions and reevaluate their political funding practices. Six days after halting political contributions, the Florida Retail Federation, a trade group heavily funded (>80% in 2017) by Publix, donated an additional $100,000 to Putnam's Florida Grown PAC.

In December 2020, Publix gave $100,000 to Florida governor Ron DeSantis' PAC. While some attributed to this donation Publix's partnership with the Florida government to provide COVID-19 vaccines to Florida residents, both the Governor and Publix spokeswoman Maria Brous rejected this claim as "baseless and ridiculous". Publix was able to distribute vaccines to seniors in their markets, while national providers like Walgreens and CVS focused on broader efforts.

Stock

Publix stock is privately owned and restricted: it can only be purchased by current employees or board members during designated offering periods, and cannot be sold to anyone without first being offered back to Publix for repurchase.

Stock was made available to associates in 1959, originally priced at $10.00 per share.
Employees can acquire stock through three programs: an ESOP "PROFIT" plan, 401(k) "SMART" (Saving Makes A Richer Tomorrow) plan, and an employee stock purchase plan.

As of August 1, 2023, Publix stock is valued at $14.75 per share after a 5/1 stock split on April 1, 2022. Publix stock was quoted on the US OTC market under the code PUSH. It is listed on the 2021 Fortune 500 list at #69. As of November 2019, the stock is no longer listed on the OTC.

Locations

Distribution centers
Distribution centers are located in:
 Alabama
 McCalla – non-perishables
 Florida
 Boynton Beach – grocery
 Deerfield Beach – perishables
 Jacksonville – dairy, frozen food, grocery, meat, produce
 Lakeland – frozen food, grocery, meat, dairy, produce, general merchandise (low velocity)
 Miami – grocery
 Orlando – frozen food, meat, produce, grocery, pharmacy
 Sarasota – grocery
 Georgia
 Dacula – dairy, frozen food, grocery, meat, produce, general merchandise (low velocity)
North Carolina
Greensboro

Manufacturing facilities
Manufacturing facilities are located in:
 Florida
 Deerfield Beach – dairy, fresh foods
 Jacksonville – fresh foods
 Lakeland – bakery, dairy, deli, fresh foods, fresh kitchen, printing services
 Georgia
 Dacula – dairy, fresh foods
 Atlanta – bakery

Support offices
 Florida
 Lakeland – corporate offices, IT data center, flight center, programming and IT support, call center and customer care
 Jacksonville – offices
 Miami – offices
 Georgia
 Marietta – offices
 Alpharetta – IT data center
 North Carolina
 Charlotte – offices

Legal disputes
In 2003, Publix supported a successful bill that prevents owners from suing if their land is polluted by dry cleaning chemicals dumped on an adjacent property, if the adjacent property owners are on a state clean-up list.  Publix lost a 2001 lawsuit filed by an owner whose property had been contaminated in this manner.

On October 4, 2005, Publix sued Visa and MasterCard, citing unfair business practices over their unannounced and non-negotiable increases in merchant account fees. Wal-Mart won a similar lawsuit against Visa in 2004.

In 2014, Publix was fined by the Board of Human Rights of Broward County, Florida for discrimination involved in the termination of an LGBT employee. Upon appeal, the 17th Circuit Court found that the decision by the Board of Human Rights of Broward County was "not supported by competent, substantial evidence" and quashed the order.

See also
 Carol Jenkins Barnett
 Howard Jenkins

References

External links

 Publix stockholder information

1930 establishments in Florida
Companies based in Lakeland, Florida
Employee-owned companies of the United States
Financial services companies of the United States
Health care companies based in Florida
Interbank networks
Pharmacies of the United States
Privately held companies based in Florida
American companies established in 1930
Retail companies established in 1930
Presto!
Supermarkets of the United States
Economy of the Southeastern United States

Publix


Mormyrus es un género de peces africanos de la familia Mormyridae dentro de la subfamilia Mormyrinae, cuyo rango de distribución se encuentra tanto en el Este africano, como en el Norte y Noreste, en los lagos Nasser, Edward, George y Albert, ríos Albert, Nilo, Baro, Rift y Aswa, y los sistemas hidrícos Ghazal y Jebel, Nilo Blanco y Nilo Azul, entre otros.

En función de su morfología, puede clasificarse dentro del grupo de «peces elefante» —junto con el Campylomormyrus y Gnathonemus—. Este considera a aquellas especies que poseen una boca de extensión particularmente prominente, por lo que se les llama popularmente «peces de nariz de elefante»; dicha extensión usualmente consiste en un alargamiento carnoso flexible unido a la mandíbula inferior y está equipada con sensores de tacto y probablemente de gusto.

De acuerdo a la IUCN, el estado de conservación de la mayoría de sus especies puede catalogarse en la categoría de «menos preocupante (LC o LR/lc)», aunque dentro de la categoría «vulnerable (LC o LR/lc)» están el Mormyrus cyaneus y el Mormyrus iriodes, y «en peligro de extinción (EN)» se encuentra el Mormyrus subundulatus.

Especies
 Mormyrus bernhardi Pellegrin, 1926
 Mormyrus caballus Boulenger, 1898
 Mormyrus caballus asinus Boulenger, 1915
 Mormyrus caballus bumbanus Boulenger, 1909
 Mormyrus caballus caballus Boulenger, 1898
 Mormyrus caballus lualabae Reizer, 1964
 Mormyrus casalis Vinciguerra, 1922
 Mormyrus caschive Linnaeus, 1758
 Mormyrus cyaneus T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart, 1976
 Mormyrus felixi Pellegrin, 1939
 Mormyrus goheeni Fowler, 1919
 Mormyrus hasselquistii Valenciennes, 1847
 Mormyrus hildebrandti W. K. H. Peters, 1882
 Mormyrus iriodes T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart, 1976
 Mormyrus kannume Forsskål, 1775
 Mormyrus lacerda Castelnau, 1861
 Mormyrus longirostris W. K. H. Peters, 1852
 Mormyrus macrocephalus Worthington, 1929
 Mormyrus macrophthalmus Günther, 1866
 Mormyrus niloticus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801)
 Mormyrus ovis Boulenger, 1898
 Mormyrus rume Valenciennes, 1847
 Mormyrus rume proboscirostris Boulenger, 1898
 Mormyrus rume rume Valenciennes, 1847
 Mormyrus subundulatus T. R. Roberts, 1989
 Mormyrus tapirus Pappenheim, 1905
 Mormyrus tenuirostris W. K. H. Peters, 1882
 Mormyrus thomasi Pellegrin, 1938

Mitología
Según la teología heliopolitana del Antiguo Egipto, fue un pez oxirrinco (Ὀξύρρυγχος; oxýrrynchos, Ὀξύς=agudo y ρúγχος= hocico, pico) quien se comió el falo de Osiris, después de ser desmembrado por su hermano Set. Plutarco menciona también que éste fue devorado por un oxirrinco, que es identificado como un mormiro. Y a este pez
se le identifica con la diosa Tueris en la mitología egipcia. Claudio Eliano incluye dos fragmentos sobre el mormiro o 'pez oxyrrinco' en su obra Sobre la naturaleza de los animales (en griego: Περὶ ζῴων ἰδιότητος Perí zóon idiótitos; en latín, De Natura Animalium o Historia animalium). En el Libro I de su obra, el pez aparece como una criatura adoradora del amor, la cual recibió su nombre por su 'trompa' puntiaguda. La técnica de pesca descrita por el retórico romano se basa en atraer a los machos de la especie a través de una hembra capturada previamente, la cual el pescador pasea por el agua desplazando hacia su encuentro a una gran cantidad de pretendientes, víctimas de su deseo. Otro pescador dispone de una red o garlito para capturarlos. En el Libro X Claudio Eliano narra que este pez habita en el Nilo, en una región donde existe una ciudad cuyo nombre deviene de la presencia y consideración que los nativos tienen por el mormiro, la ciudad de oxirrinco. Según el retórico, los nativos narran que el pez en cuestión surgió de las heridas de Osiris. Por ello, dice que los nativos no lo comen y procuran no pescarlo.

Bibliografía
Claudio Eliano (1988). Historia de los animales (selección). Ediciones Orbis. Barcelona. ISBN 84-85471-65-2.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Texto de Claudio Eliano en latín, fragmento 12 del libro I y fragmento 46 del libro x

Mormyridae
Osteoglossiformes
Mitología egipcia

Mormyrus


Se min kjole kan henvise til en række forskelle artikler:
 Se min kjole (sang) - en dansk børnesang
 Se min kjole (film) - en dansk roadmovie fra 3. juli 2009 af Hella Joof

Se min kjole


Vila Nova de Foz Côa  belediyesi, Portekiz'in Norte bölgesine bağlı Douro altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 17 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Almendra
 Castelo Melhor
 Cedovim
 Chãs
 Custóias
 Freixo de Numão
 Horta
 Mós
 Murça
 Muxagata
 Numão
 Santa Comba
 Santo Amaro
 Sebadelhe
 Seixas
 Touça
 Vila Nova de Foz Côa

Portekiz'in belediyeleri

Douro

Vila Nova de Foz Côa


Le sommet Action Climat de l'Organisation des Nations unies (ONU) a lieu du 21 au 23 septembre 2019, à New York.

Historique
Le sommet Action Climat a lieu entre les 21 et 23 septembre 2019. La veille de son ouverture, des manifestations pour le climat, en lien avec le mouvement « Fridays for Future », ont lieu dans plus de  du monde, rassemblant plus de .

Organisation, objectifs et résultats
Cette réunion exceptionnelle, décidée par le secrétaire général de l'ONU, António Guterres, se tient dans les locaux de l'ONU à New York. Se référant à l'accord de Paris sur le climat, le secrétaire général de l'organisation tente de mener les États membres à dépasser les seules promesses et à agir, mais la réunion n'aura pas l'impact souhaité. Un groupe d'États s'engage cependant à augmenter ses efforts sur les cinq années suivantes : ce sont  dont la majorité sont des pays en développement et qui, ensemble, produisent moins de 7 % des émissions de GES mondiales. De leur côté, les pays produisant le plus de gaz à effet de serre (GES) ne se sont pas rendus au sommet ou ne revoient pas leurs engagements à la hausse.

Réaction
La jeune militante écologiste Greta Thunberg réagit lors de son discours à la tribune du sommet, avec notamment la formulation : .

Notes et références

Conférence des Nations unies
Septembre 2019

Sommet Action Climat


Escobaria alversonii ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Escobaria aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton alversonii ehrt den aus Großbritannien stammenden Mineraliensucher Andrew H. Alverson (1845–1916). Englische Trivialnamen sind "Foxtail Beehive Cactus" und "Foxtail Cactus".

Beschreibung
Escobaria alversonii wächst in der Regel sprossend und bildet unterirdische, zylindrische Ableger aus. Die mehr oder weniger kugelförmigen Triebe erreichen Wuchshöhen von bis zu 7 Zentimeter. Die acht bis zehn Mitteldornen besitzen eine dunkelrote oder schwarze Spitze und sind 1,2 bis 1,6 Zentimeter lang. Die zwölf bis 18 weißen Randdornen weisen Längen von 1,2 bis 2 Zentimeter auf.

Die Blüten sind magenta- bis rosafarben und erreichen Durchmesser von etwa 3,2 Zentimeter. Die ellipsoiden Früchte sind grün.

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung
Escobaria alversonii ist in den Vereinigten Staaten im Südosten des Bundesstaates Kalifornien sowie im angrenzenden Arizona verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung als Cactus radiosus var. alversonii durch John Merle Coulter wurde 1894 veröffentlicht. Nigel Paul Taylor stellte die Varietät 1997 als Art in die Gattung Escobaria. Weitere nomenklatorische Synonyme sind Mammillaria alversonii  (1895), Mammillaria radiosa var. alversonii  (1898), Mammillaria arizonica var. alversonii  (1923), Coryphantha alversonii  (1926), Mammillaria vivipara var. alversonii  (1950), Coryphantha vivipara var. alversonii  (1969) und Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii  (1978).

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als "", d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Escobaria (Kakteen)
Alversonii

Escobaria alversonii


Gelshofen ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Wittelshofen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Der Weiler liegt am rechten Ufer der Sulzach und ist von Acker- und Grünland umgeben. Im Süden wird die Flur Buck genannt, im Norden Mühlbuck und im Westen Hochfeld und Lach. Die Kreisstraße AN 41 führt nach Dorfkemmathen (1,5 km nordwestlich) bzw. an der Gelsmühle vorbei nach Untermichelbach (1,2 km südöstlich).

Geschichte
Bei der Gelsmühle führte der Limes zwischen den Wachposten 13/17 und 13/18 über die Sulzach. Dieser 38 m breite Übergang, am heutigen Altwasser, bestand im Vorfeld aus mächtigen Quadern von  Kubikmetern mit einer Fundamentstärke von 1,25 m bis 1,45 m und Öffnungen für das Hochwasser. Den eigentlichen Übergang bildete ein Steg auf je drei nebeneinander stehenden hölzernen Stützpfeilern im Abstand von 3 m, um bei Hochwasser Astwerk entfernen zu können.

Gelshofen lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Wassertrüdingen. Die Dorf- und Gemeindeherrschaft wurde vom Kastenamt Wassertrüdingen ausgeübt. Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gab es 8 Anwesen. Grundherren waren das Kastenamt Wassertrüdingen (2 Güter, 1 Häuslein, 2 Halbhäuslein), das oettingen-spielbergische Oberamt Dürrwangen (1 Sölde) und das württembergische Oberamt Weiltingen (2 Söldengüter). Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Wassertrüdingen.

Infolge des Gemeindeedikts wurde Gelshofen dem 1809 gebildeten Steuerdistrikt Wittelshofen und der Ruralgemeinde Untermichelbach zugewiesen. Am 1. Juli 1972 wurde Gelshofen im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Wittelshofen eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Leonhard (Untermichelbach) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken gehören zu Heilig Kreuz (Wittelshofen), einer Expositur der Pfarrei Maria Immaculata (Dürrwangen).

Die Sage von der Teufelsmauer
Die Entstehung der sogenannten Teufelsmauer (des Limes), die im 18. Jahrhundert noch stellenweise bis zu anderthalb Meter hoch war, konnten sich die Bewohner der Gegend nicht erklären und brachten sie mit dem Teufel in Verbindung. Bei Wilburgstetten liegen beispielsweise die Höllmühle, der Höllbach und die Höllweiher auf dem Terrain des Limes.

Literatur
 Gerfrid Arnold: Die Römer im Landkreis Ansbach. Geschichte, Wanderführer, Buchners Reise auf der Teufelsmauer. Ansbacher Verlagsgesellschaft, 1982.

 Wilhelm Funk: Feuchtwangen - Werden und Wachsen einer fränkischen Stadt, 1954 Herausgegeben durch das Volksbildungswerk des Landkreises Feuchtwangen, Sommer & Söhne, Feuchtwangen.

 Günther Ulbert, Thomas Fischer: Der Limes in Bayern - Von Dinkelsbühl bis Eirring, Konrad Theiss Verlag Stuttgart 1983.

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Wittelshofen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken
Ort an der Sulzach

Gelshofen


Bavua Ntinu André (Congo Central, 22 de Março de 1939 – Congo Central, 05 de Outubro de 2013) foi um praticante de artes marciais e iniciador dos esportes japoneses (caratê e judô) na congolês conhecido como o grande mestre Bavua Ntinu Decantor, fundador da Escola Nacional de Artes Marciais (ENAM) e líder supremo do Poder Espiritual do Verbo (PSV) do qual é também o fundador e primeiro líder espiritual da organização.

Ligações externas

 Les apollons de Kinshasa (13 Janvier 2018)
 Ne Muanda Nsemi (Bundu dia Kongo). Puissance Spirituelle du Verbe (Congo) - Mvutu kua PSV. Ndietika Mpolo Ngimbi, 1998. p. 32. OCLC 77781332.

Líderes religiosos

Bavua Ntinu André


László Cseh (født 3. december 1985) er en ungarsk svømmer, der har vundet fem medaljer ved OL. Han er 31 gange blevet europamester i svømning, heraf 19 gange på kortbane og 12 gange på langbane. To gange er han blevet verdensmester. Hans trænere er György Turi og Zoltán Nemes.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel webside

Svømmere fra Ungarn
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2004
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2008
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2012
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2016
Olympiske medaljevindere i svømning
Olympiske sølvmedaljevindere fra Ungarn
Olympiske bronzemedaljevindere fra Ungarn
Svømmere ved sommer-OL 2004
Svømmere ved sommer-OL 2008
Svømmere ved sommer-OL 2012
Svømmere ved sommer-OL 2016
Svømmere ved sommer-OL 2020
Deltagere for Ungarn ved sommer-OL 2020

László Cseh


Phantom Entertainment, Inc. (known as Infinium Labs, Inc. until 2006) was a company founded in 2002 by Tim Roberts which made computer keyboards. However, Phantom was best known for the Phantom, a video game console advertised for Internet gaming on demand in 2004; it was never marketed, leading to suggestions that it was vaporware. The company's website was last updated in late 2011.

History
Infinium Labs was founded by Tim Roberts in 2002 as a private company. In January 2003 it issued a press release saying that it would soon release a "revolutionary new gaming platform" with an on-demand video-game service, delivering games through an online subscription. The press release had no specific information, but included a computer-generated prototype design. Due to the use of buzzwords and the lack of details, the product was derided nearly from the beginning by news sites such as IGN and Slashdot and in the Penny Arcade webcomic. The hardware and gaming site HardOCP researched and wrote an extensive article on the company and its operation, and was sued in turn. The Phantom placed first in Wired Newss "Vaporware 2004". In 2004, Infinium Labs went public.

Roberts left the company in summer 2005 (with millions of shares of stock) before any products had been delivered. He later rejoined as chairman of the board, but in a July 2007 press release he again resigned from the company. Subsequent CEOs included Kevin Bachus (who took the post in August 2005), Greg Koler (in January 2006) and John Landino, who was appointed CEO and interim chief financial officer in July 2008.

In September 2006 the company (which had changed its name from Infinium Labs) promised to introduce its Phantom Lapboard product in November 2006, with a gaming service to follow in March 2007. In June 2008, the company released the Lapboard. In August 2007, Phantom Entertainment signed an agreement with ProGames Network to provide Lapboards and "game-service content" in hotels worldwide.

The Phantom

The Phantom is a cancelled home video game console whose development was supposedly begun by Phantom Entertainment–then known as Infinium Labs–in 2003. The device was said to be capable of playing current and future PC games, giving the system a large initial game library and making it easier for developers to produce games for the system. The system was said to feature a direct-download content delivery service, instead of the discs and cartridges used by most game consoles at the time.

Press releases said in 2003 that the console would be released that year, and the digital rights management software would be provided by DiStream. A prototype Phantom was first seen at the May 2004 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), although it was rumored to be fake. Robrady Design was hired to develop the first Phantom prototype, and Synopse ID was later retained to develop second- and third-generation prototypes.

Two units of the first-generation prototype were known to exist, one publicly destroyed by HardOCP at QuakeCon 2004 as a result of their legal battles with the company (see below), the other was spotted by a computer repair shop in Venice, Florida in 2015 and reported by Ars Technica. In October 2021, a first-generation prototype unit was listed for auction, presumably the same unit that was previously reported by Ars Technica due to its listed repair history. A second-generation prototype unit shown at E3 2004 surfaced a year later after the discovery of the surviving 2003 prototype.

Release
The Phantom had an online release on August 17, 2003, with basic hardware specifications and a price of "below $399". Options included customized hardware and the PhantomNet (a gaming-content service), priced at $9.95 a month. A sale date for the first quarter of 2004 was set. It was missed; the company later claimed it would go on sale in November for the holiday season, although it had not developed online-delivery software, licensed games or found any retailers. The second deadline was missed, with Infinium sending thousands of faxes claiming that the system would be released in January 2005.

When that deadline passed, Infinium predicted the system's release for around March 2005. That date also passed, and Infinium Labs was absent from the 2005 E3. Kevin Bachus (former Infinium CEO) hinted that the Phantom would be released around the same time as the Xbox 360 in fall 2005, but that date was also missed. By August 2006, the Phantom Console was removed from the products page of the Phantom Entertainment website.

Financial problems
The company was unable to raise its projected $30 million to complete the Phantom and announced it would downsize and focus on the Phantom Lapboard, a wireless keyboard for home use. On May 16, 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission accused Phantom Entertainment founder and former CEO Timothy Roberts of running a "pump and dump" scheme in promoting the Phantom console in 2004. The Phantom lost credibility in the gaming and business worlds because its release date was continually pushed back, and because of financial scandals involving Phantom Entertainment (which lost more than $62.7 million since its creation).

Lapboard

The Phantom Lapboard is a wireless keyboard made by the company. It was released on June 23, 2008, two years after its originally planned release date. Designed as a component of the Phantom game console, it is sold for use with Internet TV and PC video games since the console has been cancelled. In 2010, a new model of the Lapboard was released to work with Internet TV, gaming and media centers.

Announcement
On January 3, 2006, Infinium Labs announced that the lapboard component of the console (a keyboard and mouse designed to be held on the lap, for example, seated on a couch in front of a television) was due to be released to online retailers by the second quarter of 2006. On April 19 it announced that the keyboard would not be released in time for Q2 2006, but the device (manufactured by Itron Technology) would be released in North America and Europe "no later than October" 2006. On August 15 it was announced that the price for the Lapboard would be $129.99, with customers who preordered receiving a $30 discount. The keyboard was then delayed until November. On August 22, 2007, Phantom Entertainment signed an agreement with ProGames Network to provide Lapboards and its game services content in hotels worldwide as well as with Alienware for their media center PCs (Alienware later pulled out of the agreement in December 2007 due to another delay in Lapboard's launch). The keyboard was finally released on June 23, 2008, two years after its originally planned release date.

Reception

In April 2008 Maximum PC published a preview of the lapboard, describing it as "extremely promising" although the supplied mouse "experienced signal dropouts at a distance of about 24 inches from the sensor". The author was able to use other wireless mice successfully. The preview states that the peripheral will be available in "June for $130 in limited quantities". In the actual review, however, Maximum PC gave the Lapboard a verdict of 4 out of 10 saying: "The bottom line is that this thing is bad. The mouse isn't good for gaming, the angled keyboard is awful for typing, and for media playback you'd do much better with a slimmer wireless media keyboard with a built-in trackpad or ball, which are available for significantly less than the Lapboard's $140 asking price."
On July 20, 2009, a sample lapboard received a favorable review from the Hardware Heaven website. Despite its lukewarm review, in May 2010 About.com included the Phantom Lapboard in its Father's Day gift guide. On July 19, 2010, Michael Welter posted a generally positive review of the Phantom Lapboard on Missing Remote.

Legal controversies

HardOCP lawsuit
In September 2003 HardOCP, a computer-hardware news website, published an investigative report by writer Steve Lynch critical of Infinium Labs and its founder. On February 19, 2004, Infinium Labs' lawyers sent a cease and desist letter to HardOCP's editor demanding that the news site take down the article, claiming that it "painted a portrait of a company intent on swindling the public" and threatening to file a defamation suit. Rather than concede to Infinium's demands, HardOCP owner Kyle Bennett filed a lawsuit for a declaratory judgment that his company had done nothing wrong. Infinium Labs then filed suit in Florida, denying that Texas was the proper jurisdiction (although it had previously maintained a staffed office in Richardson).

In September 2004, the judge required Infinium Labs to produce a number of financial records, including Roberts's personal income-tax returns, by the end of that month. Because the company failed to produce the required documents, HardOCP won a court order compelling them to do so. The judge ruled that sanctions would be awarded to KB Networks and Kyle Bennett in an amount to be determined by the court (later reported as $50,000). Infinium Labs settled the suit, agreeing to drop the pending Florida suit, and admitting all allegations of KB Networks' Texas complaint; they paid $50,000 to end the suit.

Other controversies
In October 2005, it was reported that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had notified Tim Roberts that charges were pending against him for violating federal securities laws. In a statement about the notice, Infinium said it was not notified of specific charges, but suspected they were related to an SEC investigation of the unlawful promotion of penny stocks (including Infinium's). Roberts hired a stock promoter to send faxes claiming that the Phantom console's release was imminent, and the company's stock price might increase as much as 3,000 percent. The SEC alleged that the company never intended to release the console at the promised time due to significant unresolved "technological and manufacturing hurdles", and the faxes were part of a pump and dump scheme on the part of Roberts. Roberts reached a settlement with the SEC in which he was barred from serving as an officer or public director of a public company or participating in penny-stock offerings for five years and paid a $30,000 fine. Roberts was again convicted of fraud in 2017 in a case involving his cloud commerce startup venture Savtira, which collapsed in 2011.

When Roberts was CEO of Infinium, the company failed to report a substantial amount of interest and penalties on unpaid payroll taxes. From its inception, the company had consistently reported a small amount of cash on hand amid extensive (and increasing) debt.

In January 2006, Infinium Labs reached an agreement to borrow up to $5,000,000 from Golden Gate Investors to finance the manufacturing of the Phantom Lapboard, scheduled for release later that year. This would have been the largest amount of money Infinium Labs had ever borrowed at one time. The loan would have been repaid over three years, with an option of repayment with shares of common stock.

In February, GameSpot reported that Phantom Entertainment was suspending the Phantom Game Service to develop the Lapboard. An SEC filing showed three-year losses in excess of $62.7 million, over half of which was marketing for the company and unreleased products. Over $24 million was spent on salaries and consultants, and $2.5 million on development. Infinium claimed it still intended to release the Lapboard if its financial situation improved, but it missed release dates for the second quarter of 2006, October 2006 and November 2006. On August 15, 2006, Phantom Entertainment removed all references to the Phantom Game Receiver from its website, claiming that the content-delivery system targeted for the Phantom would be available for PCs running the Microsoft Windows XP Media Center edition; it later indicated this service would be available in March 2007, after the initially planned November 2006 release of the Lapboard, the service did not materialize when the Lapboard ultimately launched in 2008.

See also
 Indrema
 ApeXtreme
 Coleco Chameleon
 Piposh Hollywood, a video game that Phantom Entertainment was set to publish.

References

External links
 Phantom Entertainment Official Website
 Official Phantom Entertainment Blog
 Phantom: Rewound – Editorial feature with a history of The Phantom.
 Video Interview of Kevin Bachus by Marketwatch
 Gizmodo.com - Lapboard

Computer keyboard companies
Streaming television
Seventh-generation video game consoles
Sixth-generation video game consoles
Phantom, The
Video game hardware
Video game controversies
Defunct computer companies of the United States

Phantom Entertainment


يعرف المدار الأرضي المنخفض  على أنه المدار الذي يقع محله الهندسي (جميع النقاط الواقعة عليه) بين سطح الأرض حتى ارتفاع 2,000 كيلومتر. ونظراً لسرعة التدهور المداري للأجسام على ارتفاعات أقل من 200 كيلومتر تقريباً، غالباً ما يعرف المدار الأرضي المنخفض على أنه المدار بين ارتفاعي 160 - 2,000 كيلومتر (100 - 1,240 ميل) فوق سطح الأرض.

باستثناء الرحلات المأهولة إلى القمر خلال برنامج أبولو، جميع الرحلات المأهولة كانت إما مدارية في المدار الأرضي المنخفض وإما شبه مدارية. أعلى ارتفاع سُجِلَّ لرحلات الفضاء المأهولة في المدار الأرضي المنخفض كان رحلة جيميني 11 (Gemini 11) بأوج يساوي 1,374.1 كيلومتر.

الخصائص المدارية
الأجسام الواقعة في المدار الأرضي المنخفض تلقى مقاومة نتيجة الاحتكاك بغازات طبقة الثرموسفير من الغلاف الجوي (بين 80 - 500 كيلومتر تقريباً) أو طبقة الإكسوسفير (من 500 كيلومتر تقريباً إلى أعلى)، على حسب ارتفاع المدار. يقع المدار الأرضي المنخفض داخل الغلاف الجوي وأسفل الحلقة الداخلية من حزام فان آلن الإشعاعي. وغالباً ما لايقل الارتفاع عن 300 كيلومتر لأن المدار بارتفاع أقل من ذلك يصبح غير عملي نتيجة المقاومة الكبيرة الناتجة عن الاحتكاك بالغلاف الجوي.

وتعد المدارات الأرضية المنخفضة الاستوائية  فرع من المدار الأرضي المنخفض. هذه المدارات - التي لها زاوية ميل صغيرة مع خط الاستواء - تسمح بتكرار الزيارات على فترات قصيرة ولها أقل تغير في السرعة مطلوب  عن أي مدار آخر. وتسمى المدارات التي لها زاوية ميل كبيرة بالمدارات القطبية.

المدارات الأعلى تتضمن المدار الأرضي المتوسط والتي تسمى أحياناً «مدارات دائرية متوسطة» ، وأعلى من ذلك يوجد المدار الجغرافي الثابت. المدارات الأعلى من المدار الأرضي المنخفض غالباً ما تؤدي إلى فشل مبكر في الإلكترونيات بسبب شدة الإشعاع وتراكم الشحنات.

الاستخدامات البشرية
توجد المحطة الفضائية الدولية في مدار أرضي منخفض بين ارتفاعي 320 كيلومتر (199 ميل) و 400 كيلومتر (249 ميل) فوق سطح الأرض.

بالرغم من أن معظم الأقمار الصناعية توضع في المدار الأرضي المنخفض، حيث تسير بسرعة حوالي 7.8 كم/ث (28,080 كم/س)، بحيث تكمل دورة واحدة كاملة حول الأرض في حوالي 90 دقيقة. فإن معظم أقمار الاتصالات تتطلب مدار جغرافي ثابت، بحيث تتحرك بنفس السرعة الزاوية التي تدور بها الأرض حول نفسها. وبما أن وضع المدار الأرضي المنخفض يتطلب طاقة أقل لوضع قمر صناعي فيه ومضخمات أقل قوة لنقل الإشارات بنجاح لذلك ما زالت الأقمار الصناعية في المدارات الأرضية المنخفضة مستخدمة في مجال الإتصالات. ولأن المدارات الأرضية المنخفضة ليست ثابتة جغرافياً يلزم استخدام شبكة أو كوكبة من الأقمار الصناعية لتوفير تغطية مستمرة. وتستخدم المدارات المنخفضة أيضاً للأقمار الصناعية الخاصة بتطبيقات الاستشعار عن بعد بسبب دقة التفاصيل الممكن الحصول عليها. وتستفيد أيضاً أقمار الاستشعار عن بعد من المدارات الأرضية المنخفضة المتزامنة مع الشمس على ارتفاع حوالي 800 كيلومتر (500 ميل) ولها ميل قريب من المدارات القطبية. القمر الصناعي إنفيسات هو أحد أمثلة الأقمار الصناعية التي تستخدم هذا النوع بالذات من المدارات الأرضية المنخفضة.

ورغم أن الجاذبية الأرضية في المدارات الأرضية المنخفضة لا تقل كثيراً عنها عند سطح الأرض، فإن أي جسم أو شخص في المدار يشعر بانعدام الجاذبية بسبب تأثيرات السقوط الحر.
وتضيف مقاومة الغلاف الجوي  ومقاومة الجاذبية  المرتبطتين بعملية الإطلاق؛ تضيفان مجموعتين حوالي من 1.5 كم/س إلى 2.0 كم/س إلى التغير في السرعة المطلوب من مركبة الإطلاق لتحقيق السرعة المدارية المعتادة الخاصة بالمدار الأرضي المنخفض والتي تساوي 7.8 كم/ث (28,080 كم/س) تقريباً.

الحطام الفضائي
أصبحت بيئة المدار الأرضي المنخفض مكتظة بالحطام الفضائي، وتسبب ذلك في اهتمام متزايد في السنين القليلة الأخيرة، حيث أن الاصطدامات بسرعات مدارية يمكن أن تكون مدمرة وخطيرة، ويمكن كذلك أن تنتج المزيد من الحطام الفضائي فيما يعرف بمتلازمة كيسلر. ويتابع حالياً المركز المشترك للعمليات الفضائية التابع للقيادة الاستراتيجية للولايات المتحدة؛ يتابع حالياً حوالي 8,500 جسم أكبر من 10 سم في المدار الأرضي المنخفض، غير أن دراسة لمرصد أرسيبو ذكرت أنه من المحتمل وجود حوالي مليون جسم أكبر من 2 ميلليمتر، والتي تعد صغيرة جداً لترصد من الأرض.

أقرأ أيضاً
 المدار.
 مدار أرضي.
قمر صناعي ICESat-2
 مدار أرضي متوسط.
 مدار أرضي مرتفع.
 مدار متزامن مع الشمس.
 مدار شمسي المركز
 مدار جغرافي ثابت.
 محطة الفضاء الدولية.

مصادر

مدارات أرضية

مدار أرضي منخفض


Himmelev Kirke er kirke i Himmelev i Himmelev Sogn, Roskilde Domprovsti i Roskilde Stift.

Kirken  har skib med flad altervæg i øst, tårn i vest og våbenhus mod syd.

Historie
Den oprindelige del, skib og kor, er opført i første halvdel af 1100-tallet
af kamp og kridtstenskvadre i ydermuren, mens det indre udelukkende er af
kridtsten. Kirken har haft fladt bjælkeloft og små rundbuede vinduer.

Allerede  første halvdel af 1300-tallet blev der tilføjet et tårn, en sjældenhed ved landsbykirker fra en så tidlig
periode. Det var bygget i rundbuestil af kridtstenskvadre og med en aflang firkantet
grundplan. Imod vest har det et lille vindue med en søjle i midten og en rundbuet dør.

I begyndelsen af 1400-tallet blev kirken overhvælvet, og ved år 1500 blev
det oprindelige kor nedbrudt og skibet forlænget mod øst, ligesom også tårnet og kirkens tag  blev forhøjet.

Kirken har undergået en gennemgående restaurering 1867-79.
Den anselige, rigt udskårne og farvesmykkede altertavle fra omkring 1600
har et maleri fra 1876 af Th. Wegener Christus.

Prædikestolen er et rigt snitværksarbejde fra renæssancetiden.
Den sekskantede døbefont er udskåret i egetræ. På en af stolestaderne står året 1590.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kirker i Roskilde Kommune
Kirker i Roskilde Stift
Kirker i Roskilde Amt

Himmelev Kirke


Imbaba (; ) é um bairro da classe trabalhadora no norte de Gizé, no Egito, localizado a oeste do Nilo e a noroeste e perto de Ilha de Gezira e do centro do Cairo, dentro da província de Gizé. O distrito está localizado no histórico delta do Nilo superior e faz parte da área metropolitana da Grande Cairo. Imbaba é a subdivisão da cidade mais densamente povoada do mundo.

Imbaba também é o nome de um centro administrativo adjacente  na província rural de Gizé, que tem 18 aldeias em sua jurisdição.

Etimologia
A origem do nome Imbaba não é certa. Algumas fontes afirmam que vem da palavra amárica para palmeira africana () e que a área era chamada assim por comerciantes e pastores de camelos etíopes para descrever o local onde eles se reuniam para fazer negócios.

No entanto, essa palmeira não cresce no Egito e versões mais antigas do nome que não correspondem à palavra amárica são atestadas – Nababa  e Ambuba ().

História
Durante séculos, Imbaba foi o destino final de camelos trazidos de lugares tão distantes quanto o Sudão e o Chifre da África para serem vendidos no mercado de sexta-feira da aldeia. O mercado ainda existe, mas não é mais tão importante quanto era na virada do século XX devido à crescente urbanização.

Um mapa criado pela Autoridade Geral de Planejamento Físico em 2012 mostra detalhes de áreas dentro de Imbaba que não foram planejadas e que, na época, eram consideradas inseguras. Imbaba é densamente povoada.

A criação de pombos é uma atividade favorita de alguns moradores do bairro com acesso aos telhados.

O Cerco de Imbaba
No final de 1992, o "Grupo Islâmico" (al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) expandiu sua influência em partes de Imbaba. Em novembro, o grupo supostamente anunciou a criação do "Emirado de Imbaba" (alguns relatos afirmam que a mídia estrangeira cunhou o termo, não o próprio grupo). Este desafio à soberania do Estado egípcio desencadeou o cerco de Imbaba, a partir de 8 de dezembro. Em seu curso, o governo mobilizou mais de  policiais e forças de segurança do Estado, juntamente com cem veículos de transporte de pessoal e escavadeiras, que acabaram com o Emirado.

Batalha das Pirâmides

A Batalha das Pirâmides, também conhecida como Batalha de Embabeh, foi uma batalha travada em 21 de julho de 1798 entre o exército francês no Egito sob o comando de Napoleão Bonaparte e as forças mamelucas locais. Ocorreu durante a Campanha do Egito da França e foi a batalha em que Napoleão pôs em uso uma de suas contribuições significativas para a tática, o maciço quadrado divisional. Napoleão nomeou a batalha em homenagem às pirâmides egípcias, embora elas fossem apenas levemente visíveis no horizonte quando a batalha ocorreu.

Distritos de Imbaba

 Madinat Al-Umal
 Madinat Al-Tahrir
 Al-Muniera
 Ard Al-Gameya

Ligações externas

 "Few Focus on Religion in One Cairo Neighborhood" by Anthony Shadid, New York Times 15 de fevereiro de 2011. (em inglês)

Gizé
Localidades do Egito

Imbaba


Anthropophagy is the custom and practice of eating human flesh. It may refer to:
Human cannibalism, when one human consumes the flesh of another
Anthropophage, a member of a mythical race of cannibals
Child cannibalism, the act of eating a child or fetus
Self-cannibalism, the act of eating one's own flesh
Man-eating, the consumption of human flesh by a non-human predator
Anthropophagy (art), an art movement

See also
Cannibalism (disambiguation)
Hematophagy, the consumption of blood by certain animals
List of feeding behaviours

Anthropophagy


Tensbüttel-Röst er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Mitteldithmarschen i den centrale del af Kreis Dithmarschen. Kreis Dithmarschen ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
I kommunen ligger ud over landsbyerne Tensbüttel og Röst, også bebyggelserne Ganzenbek, Lichtenhof og Oldörpen. Mod øst i kommunen går Bundesautobahn 23, og danner på en strækning kommunens østgrænse.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Dithmarschen

Tensbüttel-Röst


Kanuvapet (en tamil:  ) es una localidad de la India, en el distrito de Puducherry, territorio de Puducherry.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 14  a 2 304 km de la capital nacional, Nueva Delhi, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 10 093 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Puducherry

Kanuvapet


Yapraklı, Antalya ilinin Elmalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Köy, ismini, vaktiyle orada yaşamış 'Gügü' isimli Ermeni papazdan almıştır. Daha sonra mahallenin ismi Yapraklı olarak değiştirilmiştir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 132, Elmalı ilçesine 22 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNET

Elmalı'nın mahalleleri

Yapraklı, Elmalı


[[File:Guinness Baronet Arms.png|thumb|Arms of Guinness, Baronet of Ashford and St. Stephen's Green:  Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Per saltire Gules and Azure a Lion rampant Or on a Chief Ermine a Dexter Hand couped at the wrist of the first'(for Guinness); 2nd and 3rd, Argent on a Fess between three Crescents Sable a Trefoil slipped Or (for Lee), with canton of baronet]]

There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Guinness brewing family, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2014 both titles are extant.

The Guinness Baronetcy, of Ashford in the County of Galway, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 15 April 1867 for the brewer, philanthropist and conservative member of parliament Benjamin Guinness. He was a grandson of Arthur Guinness, the founder of the Guinness brewery. His son, the second baronet, was also a businessman and conservative politician and contributed to numerous charitable causes. On 1 May 1880 he was created Baron Ardilaun, of Ashford in the County of Galway, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Lord Ardilaun was childless and the barony became extinct on his death in 1915. However, he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his nephew Sir Algernon, the third baronet, the son of Benjamin Lee Guinness, second son of the first baronet.  the title is held by the third baronet's great-nephew, the fifth baronet, who succeeded his father in 2011. He is the grandson of Kenelm Lee Guinness, grandson of the first baronet.

The family seat was Ashford Castle, near Cong, County Galway.

The Guinness Baronetcy, of Castleknock in the County Dublin, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 27 May 1885 for Edward Guinness. He was the third son of the first baronet of the 1867 creation. Guinness was later elevated to the peerage as Earl of Iveagh. For more information, see this title. Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne was the third son of the first Earl of Iveagh.

Guinness baronets, of Ashford (1867)
Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, 1st Baronet (1798–1868)
Sir Arthur Edward Guinness, 2nd Baronet (1840–1915) (created Baron Ardilaun in 1880)

Barons Ardilaun (1880)
Arthur Edward Guinness, 1st Baron Ardilaun (1840–1915)

Guinness baronets, of Ashford and St. Stephen's Green (1867; reverted)
Sir Algernon Arthur St Lawrence Lee Guinness, 3rd Baronet (1883–1954)
Sir Kenelm Ernest Lee Guinness, 4th Baronet (1928–2011)
Sir Kenelm Edward Lee Guinness, 5th Baronet (born 1962)

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Kenelm Arthur Lee Guinness (born 2005).

Guinness baronets, of Castle Knock (1885)
see Earl of Iveagh

See also
Guinness family

References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Footnotes

Baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom

Guinness baronets


Naring ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Weyarn im oberbayerischen Landkreis Miesbach.

Geographie
Naring liegt im Goldenen Tal am Westufer der Leitzach, wenige Kilometer nordöstlich von Weyarn, etwa zwei Kilometer nördlich der Bundesautobahn 8.

Der Ort verfügt über eine Badestelle an der Leitzach, die hier die Grenze zum Landkreis Rosenheim bildet.

Geschichte
Das Dorf Naring war bis 1978 Teil der Gemeinde Holzolling, die aber im Zuge der Gebietsreform mit der Gemeinde Wattersdorf sowie Teilen der Gemeinden Gotzing und Reichersdorf zur Gemeinde Weyarn zusammengeschlossen wurde. Bei der Volkszählung 1987 wurden 43 Wohnungen mit 110 Einwohnern in 35 Gebäuden festgestellt.

Personen mit Verbindung zu Naring
Der Volkskundler Seff Heil machte in Naring von 1948 bis 1950 seine Lehre zum Elektriker.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Weyarn
Ort im Landkreis Miesbach
Dorf

Naring


Burton Agnes Hall est un manoir élisabéthain du village de Burton Agnes, près de Driffield dans le Yorkshire de l'Est, en Angleterre. Il est construit par Sir Henry Griffith en 1601-1610 sur des plans attribués à Robert Smythson . L'ancien manoir Normand Burton Agnes, construit à l'origine en 1173, se dresse toujours sur un site adjacent; les deux bâtiments sont maintenant des bâtiments classés Grade I.

Architecture

Le manoir contient un certain nombre de beaux plafonds en plâtre et de cheminées du . Le plafond de la Long Gallery est restauré en deux étapes par Francis Johnson entre 1951 et 1974. Le plan attribué à John Smythson présente un bloc carré avec des baies vitrées et une petite cour intérieure. La façade d'entrée comprend de nombreuses fenêtres et de nombreuses baies saillantes en forme, deux carrées flanquant l'entrée centrale, deux semi-circulaires aux extrémités des ailes saillantes, ainsi que deux à cinq côtés autour des angles. La variété dans la ligne d'horizon est créée par des pignons alternant avec des parapets de niveau.

La façade principale est construite un étage plus haut que le reste de la maison pour contenir une longue galerie courant sur toute la longueur du deuxième étage, de sorte que les façades latérales mineures sont asymétriques. Les deux travées carrées en saillie flanquant la double travée centrale contiennent le porche et la baie vitrée à l' extrémité grillagée du hall. Cela a conservé une disposition traditionnelle, mais avec la porte du porche placée là où elle ne se voit pas, non pas devant mais sur le côté de sa projection; de cette manière la symétrie apparente est préservée. Les pièces principales varient en taille en raison des retraits des baies vitrées, mais la principale caractéristique de l'intérieur est la longue galerie, qui s'étend sur toute la longueur de la façade principale, couverte d'un plafond à toit de wagon richement plâtré. La "grande chambre". maintenant divisé en deux, est placé au premier étage au-dessus du parloir. Même si la maison a subi de nombreuses rénovations, de nombreux éléments du  subsistent tels que des boiseries sculptées, du plâtre et de l'albâtre.

Les jardins abritent  de plantes et comprennent la collection nationale de campanules . Le jardin fleuri clos de murs présente un motif de jeux avec un échiquier central joué sur des pavés noirs et blancs.

Le manoir élisabéthain et les vestiges de l'ancien manoir classé Grade I sont ouverts au public tout au long de l'année.

Histoire
Le domaine est entre les mains de la même famille depuis que Roger de Stuteville a construit un manoir sur le site en 1173. En 1457, Sir Walter Griffith vient s'y installer. Les Griffiths sont une famille galloise qui émigre dans le Staffordshire au  et hérite du domaine Burton Agnes.

La maison élisabéthaine actuelle est construite à proximité en 1601–10 par Sir Henry Griffith,  baronnet, après avoir été nommé au Conseil du Nord. Sa fille Frances Griffith, héritière du domaine, épouse Sir Matthew Boynton, gouverneur du Château de Scarborough et premier baronnet de Boynton. À sa mort en 1634, le domaine est légué à leur fils Francis, plus tard le deuxième baronnet Boynton. Selon la légende, le crâne de la plus jeune fille de Sir Henry, Anne, est muré dans la Grande Salle. Il est réputé être un crâne hurlant, et revenir dans la maison dès qu'on l'enlève .

La veuve du  baronnet épouse John Parkhurst de Catesby Priory, Northamptonshire, connu sous le nom de "Handsome Jack", qui dilapide une grande partie de la fortune familiale et néglige le domaine.

À la mort du onzième baronnet en 1899, la maison passe à sa fille, qui épouse Thomas Lamplugh Wickham et qui adopte le nom de famille supplémentaire de Boynton. À sa mort, il passe à son tour à leur fils Marcus Wickham Boynton, qui exploite avec succès un haras sur le domaine pendant de nombreuses années et est haut shérif du Yorkshire de 1953 à 1954. Il décède en 1989 et laisse la propriété à un cousin éloigné, Simon Cunliffe-Lister, alors âgé de douze ans, petit-fils du vicomte Whitelaw et fils du  comte de Swinton. Aujourd'hui, le domaine appartient au Burton Agnes Preservation Trust et est géré par Cunliffe-Lister et sa mère, l'hon. Dame Susan Cunliffe Lister.

Références

 Histoire de Burton Agnes Hall

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade I dans le Yorkshire de l'Est

Burton Agnes Hall


Joseph Freiherr [Barão] von Hammer-Purgstall (9 de junho de 1774 em Graz - 23 de novembro de 1856 em Viena) foi um orientalista e historiador austríaco.

Carreira
Durante cinquenta anos, Hammer-Purgstall escreveu prolificamente sobre os mais diversos assuntos e publicou numerosos textos e traduções de autores árabes, persas e turcos. Ele foi o primeiro a publicar uma tradução completa do divã de Hafez para uma língua ocidental. Ao percorrer um campo tão grande, ele se abriu à crítica de especialistas, e foi severamente tratado por Heinrich Friedrich von Diez (1751-1817), que, em seu Unfug und Betrug in der morgenländischen Litteratur, nebst vielen hundert Proben von der groben Unwissenheit des H. v. Hammer zu Wien in Sprachen und Wissenschaften(1815), dedicou a ele quase 600 páginas. Ele também entrou em conflito amigável sobre a origem das Mil e Uma Noites com seu jovem contemporâneo inglês Edward William Lane.

Ele morreu em Viena em 23 de novembro de 1856.

Obras
A principal obra de Hammer-Purgstall é seu Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches (10 vols., 1827-1835). Entre suas outras obras estão

 "Ancient Alphabets & Hieroglyphic Characters Explained" (1806)
 Geschichte der schönen Redekünste Persiens mit einer Blüthenlese aus zweyhundert persischen Dichtern (Viena, 1818)
 Morgenländisches Kleeblatt (Viena, 1819)
 Constantinopolis und der Bosporos (1822)
 Sur les origines russes (St. Petersburg, 1825)
 uma tradução em inglês (1834) dos dois primeiros volumes do diário de viagem de Evliya Celebi Seyahatname
 The History of the Assassins trans. O. C. Wood (London, 1835),  uma tradução em inglês de Die Geschichte der Assassinen aus morgenländischen Quellen (Stuttgart und Tübingen, 1818)
 Geschichte der osmanischen Dichtkunst (1836)
 Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, 10 vols., Pesth, 1827-35.
 Geschichte der Goldenen Horde in Kiptschak (1840)
 Geschichte der Chane der Krim (1856)
 an unfinished Litteraturgeschichte der Araber (1850–1856)
 a four-volume biography of Melchior Cardinal Khlesl titled Khlesls, des Cardinals Leben. Mit der Sammlung von Khlesls Briefen und anderen Urkunden (4 vols., 1847–1851).

Para uma lista abrangente de suas obras, veja: Schlottmann, Constantin. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Zurique, 1857.

Historiadores

Joseph von Hammer-Purgstalll


1986 ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු-ආසියානු කුසලානය 1986 අප්‍රේල් 10 සිට 18 දක්වා එක්සත් අරාබි එමීර් රාජ්‍යයේ සාජා හිදී පැවැත්විණි. ජාතික කණ්ඩායම් පහක් සහභාගී විය එනම් ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව, ඉන්දියාව, නවසීලන්තය, පාකිස්තානය සහ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව යි.

1986 ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු-ආසියානු කුසලානය පිළිමළුන් පිටුදැකීමේ තරගාවලියකි. 1986 ආසියානු කුසලානය දිනා ගැනීමෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව අවසන් පූර්ව වටයට සුදුසුකම් ලැබීය. පළමු වටයේ තරගය පරාජයට පත් වුවද නවසීලන්තය අවසන් පූර්ව වටයට සුදුසුකම් ලැබුවේ පළමු වටයේ පරාජිතයා ලෙස පරාජය වූයේ අඩු පරතරයකිනි.

පාකිස්තානය තරඟාවලිය ජයගත් අතර අවසන් තරඟයේදී ඉන්දියාව පරාජය කළ අතර ඇමරිකානු ඩොලර් 40,000 ක් දිනා ගත්තේය.

මෙම තරඟාවලිය විජය හසාරේ, දිලිප් වෙන්ග්සාර්කාර්, ජාවෙඩ් මියන්ඩාඩ් සහ වසීර් මොහොමඩ්ගේ දස්කම් ජයග්‍රහණයට ප්‍රයෝජනය විය.

තරග

❶ 1986 ආසියානු කුසලානය දිනා ගැනීම නිසා ශ්‍රී ලංකාව මූලික වටයට තරග නොකර අවසන් පූර්ව වටයට සුදුසුකම් ලැබීය.

❷ නවසීලන්තය පළමු වටයේ තරගය පරාජයට පත් වුවද පළමු වටයේ අඩු පරතරයකින් පරාජය වීම නිසා අවසන් පූර්ව වටයට සුදුසුකම් ලැබුවේය.

මූලික වටය

අවසාන පූර්ව තරග

අවසාන තරගය

බාහිර සබැදි
 Cricinfo tournament page
 Cricket Archive tournament page

International cricket competitions from 1985–86 to 1988
Austral-Asia Cup, 1986
1986 in Emirati sport
International cricket competitions in the United Arab Emirates
ක්‍රිකට්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්

ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු-ආසියානු කුසලානය 1986


Giovanni Giorgi (Lucca, 27. rujna 1871. – Castiglincello, Livorno, 19. kolovoza 1950.), talijanski fizičar. Razvio je i predložio 1901. potpuno usklađen  (koherentan) sustav mjernih jedinica, koji je međunarodno prihvaćen tek 1948. pod nazivom Giorgijev sustav ili MKSA-sustav (po osnovnim mjernim jedinicama: metar, kilogram, sekunda i amper). Zbog mnogih prednosti pred dotadašnjim sustavima, preporučen je 1960. za primjenu u svim područjima ljudskoga djelovanja pod nazivom Međunarodni sustav jedinica (SI sustav), koji je do kraja 20. stoljeća prihvaćen gotovo u cijelom svijetu (osim SAD-a, Liberije i Mjanmara).

Giorgijev sustav ili MKSA-sustav

MKSA-sustav ili Giorgijev sustav je sustav mjernih jedinica koji se osnivao na četirima osnovnim jedinicama: metar, kilogram, sekunda i amper (odatle mu i naziv). Predložio ga je 1901. G. Giorgi, temeljenjem na Metarskom sustavu jedinica, uz potpunu usklađenost (koherentnost) među mjernim jedinicama. Međunarodno je prihvaćen 1948., a iz njega je razvijen današnji Međunarodni sustav jedinica.

Izvori

Talijanski fizičari
Talijanski znanstvenici

Giovanni Giorgi


Dies ist eine Liste der Lieder des russischen Elektropop-Duos t.A.T.u. Die Liste unterscheidet zwischen russischsprachigen und englischsprachigen Titeln, und gibt darüber hinaus Auskunft über Bedeutung, Erscheinungsjahr und Erscheinungsalbum. Russischsprachige Titel sind in kyrillischer Schrift sowie in transliterierter Form angegeben. Offiziell unveröffentlichte Demo-Aufnahmen werden bei der Auflistung nicht berücksichtigt, ebenso wenig Remixtracks.

Russische Titel

#

B

C

D

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

Y

Z

Englische Titel

#

A

C

D

F

G

H

L

M

N

P

R

S

T

W

Y

!
t.A.T.u.

Liste der Lieder von t.A.T.u.


الجنرال دو كور درمي حسني بنسليمان هو جنرال برتبة لواء الجيش في القوات المسلحة الملكية المغربية وقائد الدرك الملكي المغربي. ولد في 15 ديسمبر سنة 1935 في مدينة الجديدة.

الوظيفة العسكرية

التحق حسني بنسليمان بصفوف القوات المسلحة الملكية المغربية بعد أن تلقى تكوينا في مدرسة »سانتسير «.في عام 1965 عين قائدا لوحدات التدخل السريع. وفي عام 1967 نائبا للمدير العام للأمن الوطني قبل أن يتولى مهام عامل كل من أقاليم طنجة والقنيطرة ومكناس.
وفي أعقاب الانقلاب الفاشل ضد الملك الراحل الحسن الثاني تمت ترقيته إلى رتبة قائد للدرك الملكي المغربي. وهو المنصب الذي تولاه إلى أن أحيل على التقاعد سنة 2017.

وظائف مدنية

سبق للجنرال حسني بنسليمان أن لعب بصفوف نادي الجيش الملكي المغربي لكرة القدم كحارس مرمى إلى جانب مهامه العسكرية بحيث فاز معه معه بلقب كأس العرش سنة 1959 ولقب الدوري المغربي لكرة القدم القسم الثاني سنة 1959 ولقب كأس السوبر المغربي لنفس السنة، ثم صعد معه إلى القسم الأول من الدوري المغربي ليفوز معه بلقب الدوري المغربي لكرة القدم 1960-1961 ولقب كأس السوبر المغربي لنفس السنة، ليترك بعدها مهامه كحارس مرمى للنادي ليكمل مزاولته مهامه العسكرية.
و في عام 1994 ، تم تعيين السيد بنسليمان رئيسا للجنة المؤقتة المسيرة الجامعة الملكية المغربية لكرة القدم. وفي عام 1996 تم انتخابه وأعيد انتخابه منذئذ بالتزكية رئيسا للجامعة الملكية المغربية لكرة القدم. إلى غاية 2009
والسيد بنسليمان هو أيضا رئيس سابق للجنة الأولمبية الوطنية المغربية، وتوج بطلا لفرنسا في رياضة العاب القوى.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغاربة
حراس مرمى كرة قدم رجالية
الرياضة في المغرب
المغرب في الألعاب الأولمبية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الجديدة (المغرب)
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
جنرالات مغاربة
رجال مخابرات مغاربة
عسكريون مغاربة
لاعبو الجيش الملكي
لاعبو كرة قدم مغاربة
مواليد 1354 هـ
مواليد 1935
مواليد في الجديدة (المغرب)

حسني بنسليمان


Der Chinesische Eishockeyverband ist der nationale Eishockey- und Bandyverband der Volksrepublik China.

Geschichte
Der Verband wurde am 25. Juli 1963 in die Internationale Eishockey-Föderation aufgenommen. Der Verband gehört zu den IIHF-Vollmitgliedern. Aktueller Präsident ist Yinggang Zhao.

Der Verband kümmert sich überwiegend um die Durchführung der Spiele der chinesischen Eishockeynationalmannschaft sowie der Frauen-Nationalmannschaft und der Junioren-Mannschaften. Zudem organisiert der Verband den Spielbetrieb auf Amateurebene, während der einzige Profiklub des Landes, China Dragon, in der multinationalen Asia League Ice Hockey antritt.

2010 wurde er in den internationalen Bandyverband, der Federation of International Bandy aufgenommen.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website (chinesisch)
 China auf der Webseite der IIHF (englisch)

Eishockeyverband
Eishockey (Volksrepublik China)
Bandy (Volksrepublik China)
Nationaler Sportverband (Volksrepublik China)
Sportverband (Volksrepublik China)

Chinesischer Eishockeyverband


Paratakse (fra græsk παράταξις "sideordning", fra παρα para "ved siden af" + τάξις táxis "arrangere") er en litterær teknik, i skrift eller tale, der favoriserer korte, enkle sætninger, med brug af sideordnende snarere end underordnende bindeord . Dvs. at to eller flere sætninger eller led står ved siden af hinanden, forbundet af fx en sideordnende konjunktion eller et komma fx "han spiste, og hun sov" eller "det var en god, men dyr løsning". Det står i kontrast til syntaks og hypotakse.

Noter

Grammatik

Paratakse (lingvistik)


Kenneth Guscotte Rea né le  et mort le  à Montréal est un architecte anglo-québécois.

Jeunesse
Né au 57, côte du Beaver Hall, Rea étudie à la High School of Montreal et étudie l'architecture à l'Université McGill.

Carrière
En 1894, il devient apprenti chez Alexander Francis Dunlop. En 1900, il s'installe à Boston et travaille pour le cabinet , et en 1902, à New York, pour le cabinet Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson où il conçoit des églises et l'académie militaire de West Point. En 1905, Rea revient à Montréal et devient partenaire de la Montreal Light, Heat and Power, incluant la conception de leur siège social en 1907. Il pratique l'architecture à son compte et conçoit plusieurs édifices commerciaux dont l'édifice National-Trust au 225, rue Saint-Jacques, ainsi que de nombreuses résidences dans le Mille carré doré de Montréal. Il est responsable des ajouts majeurs à la High School of Montreal (1924). En 1916, il se marie Claire Hamilton Raiguel. Il est un compagnon du Royal Institute of British Architects.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en juin 1978
Naissance à Montréal
Architecte québécois
Décès en septembre 1941
Décès à Montréal
Anglo-Québécois
Étudiant de l'Université McGill
Élève de la High School of Montreal

Kenneth Guscotte Rea


තරංග ප්‍රචාරනය වන දිශාවට ලම්බකව අංශු කම්පන වන තරංග තීර්යක් තරංග නම් වේ.
 සෑම ලක්ෂයකම සරල අනුවර්ථීය චලිතයක යෙදේ.

තීර්යක් තරංගය


Les élections législatives de 1951 dans le Loiret sont des élections françaises qui ont eu lieu le  dans le département du Loiret dans le cadre des élections législatives françaises de 1951, sous la .

Mode de scrutin

Représentation proportionnelle plurinominale suivant la méthode du plus fort reste dans 103 circonscriptions, conformément à la loi des apparentements : les listes qui se sont « apparentées » avant l'élection remportent tous les sièges de la circonscription si leurs voix ajoutées obtiennent la majorité absolue des suffrages exprimés. Il y a  à pourvoir.
Le vote préférentiel est admis.

Dans le département du Loiret, cinq députés sont à élire.

Élus

Résultats

Résultats à l'échelle du département

 Les listes de l'union du RGR-Rad-UDSR, du MRP, de la SFIO, du CNIP et d'Act° pays. se sont apparentées.
Leurs voix cumulées représentant plus de 50% des exprimés, tous les sièges sont répartis à la proportionnelle entre les partis apparentés.

Articles connexes
 Liste des circonscriptions législatives du Loiret
 Liste des députés du Loiret
 Élections législatives françaises de 1951

Notes et références

Loiret
1951

Élections législatives de 1951 dans le Loiret


Aleksandr Vladimirovitj Sakhartjenko (  ; født 26. juni 1976 i Donetsk, Sovjetunionen død 31. august 2018 samme sted) var en pro-russisk ukrainsk oprørsleder. Fra 2014 til sin død var han præsident og premierminister i Folkerepublikken Donetsk, en selverklæret statsdannelse i det østlige Ukraine.

Sakhartjenko blev dræbt ved et bombeangreb i en café i Donetsk.

Referencer

Personer fra Ukraine

Aleksandr Zakhartjenko


Langeliniepavillonen m.m. er en film med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
København. Scener fra området omkring Langelinie. Kastellet. Vagten saluterer cyklende officer. Hjuldamperfærgen "Kjøbenhavn" kommer ind i havnen med jernbanevogne ombord. Pan over Langliniepavillonen. Prinsesse Maries buste. Damer promenerer for pavillonen. Skibe i havnen. Færge forlader sit leje. Kraner og skibe i havnen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1912

Københavns Havn
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film omhandlende København i 1900-tallet

Langeliniepavillonen m.m.


Asman, Pers mitolojisindeki bir gökyüzü tanrısıdır.

Osmanlıca'da gökyüzü anlamına gelen asman kelimesinin Farsça karşılığı da asumandır. Zazaca'da Asmên olarak geçen kelime de gökyüzü anlamındadır.

Pers mitolojisi

Asman