Esa Dama (That Lady) es una novela de la escritora irlandesa Kate O'Brien escrita en el año 1946.

Argumento
Kate O'Brien, toma a La princesa de Éboli, Ana de Mendoza y de la Cerda, duquesa de Pastrana, hija del virrey del Perú y amante de Felipe II, personaje histórico de la España del siglo XVI, llevándolo al mundo de ficción. La novela arranca en 1576, con Ana, de 36 años, en la cúspide de su vida, contando los amoríos e intrigas palaciegas entre el rey de España y su consejero Antonio Pérez agravado por una conspiración y un asesinato. Cerrando la novela con su muerte literalmente emparedada en vida en el Palacio Ducal de Pastrana por orden del rey.

Adaptaciones al cine
 1955, La princesa de Éboli, primera película basada en la novela de O'Brien, a la que dio vida Olivia de Havilland, dirigida por Terence Young.
 2008, La conjura de El Escorial, dirigida por Antonio del Real e interpretada por la actriz británica Julia Ormond.
 2010, La princesa de Éboli, una miniserie de dos episodios para televisión (Antena 3), con Belén Rueda al frente del reparto en el papel de la Princesa.

Referencias

Novelas de 1946
Novelas de Irlanda
Literatura de Irlanda del siglo XX
Novelas ambientadas en el siglo XVI

Esa dama


Glasnost (, "açıklık"), Sovyetler Birliği'nin son döneminde Mihail Gorbaçov'un liderliğinde ülkede bilhassa  ekonomik sorunlara son vermek  amacıyla uygulanmış politikaların tümüne verilen addır. 1985'te uygulanmaya başlamış, Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasıyla son bulmuştur.

Glasnost, bir anlamda fikir ve ifade özgürlüklerinin bir bileşkesi olarak görülebilir. Bu politikadaki amaç, özellikle Çernobil faciası sonrası yaşanan infialin ardından Sovyet toplumunda devlete ve yöneticilere karşı güven duyulmasına aracı olmaktı. Gorbaçov'un sosyalizm anlayışına göre, artık sosyalizmi kangren eden bir takım uygulamaların sona erdirilmesi şarttı ve bu ancak toplumun her düzeyinin katılabileceği, herkese söz hakkı tanınacak olan bir tartışma ortamıyla mümkün olabilirdi.

Gorbaçov, bu hamle ile hem toplumu kendi arkasına alarak Yuri Andropov'dan sonra başa geçmesini engelleyen ve Konstantin Çernenko'yu genel sekreterliğe getiren ortodoks komünist partisi üyelerinden kurtulabilmek, hem de gerçekten tıkanmış ve üçüncü endüstri devrimini nasıl karşılayacağını bilemeyen sosyalist bloğa bir çıkış yolu bulabilmekti.

Glasnost'tan sonra başlatılan ve koşut olarak yürütülmesi gereken Perestroyka politikası başarısız olup da siyasi ve sosyal özgürlükler ekonomide üretim ile karşılık bulamayınca, Glasnost bu kez tersine dönen ve Gorbaçov'u Ağustos darbesi'nden medet ummaya iten ve SSCB'yi dağılmaktan kurtaramayan girişimler olmuştur.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kai fang

Soğuk Savaş
Avrupa tarihi
Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması
Perestroyka
Mihail Gorbaçov
1980'lerde Sovyetler Birliği
1980'lerde Rusya
Rusçadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler
Sovyetler Birliği

Glasnost


U.S. Route 50 or U.S. Highway 50 (US 50) is a major east–west route of the U.S. Highway system, stretching  from Interstate 80 (I-80) in West Sacramento, California, to Maryland Route 528 (MD 528) in Ocean City, Maryland, on the Atlantic Ocean. Until 1972, when it was replaced by Interstate Highways west of the Sacramento area, it extended (by way of Stockton, the Altamont Pass, and the Bay Bridge) to San Francisco, near the Pacific Ocean. The Interstates were constructed later and are mostly separate from this route. It generally serves a corridor south of I-70 and I-80 and north of I-64 and I-40.

The route runs through mostly rural desert and mountains in the western United States, with the section through Nevada known as "The Loneliest Road in America". In the Midwest, US 50 heads through mostly rural areas of farms as well as a few large cities including Kansas City, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; and Cincinnati, Ohio.

The route continues into the eastern United States, where it passes through the Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia before heading through Washington, D.C. From there, US 50 continues through Maryland as a high-speed road to Ocean City.

Signs at each end give the length as , but the current distance is slightly less due to realignments since that figure was calculated. US 50 passes through a total of 12 states; California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia.

US 50 was created in 1926 as part of the original U.S. Highway system. The original route planned in 1925 ran from Wadsworth, Nevada, east to Annapolis, Maryland, along several auto trails including the Lincoln Highway, Midland Trail, and the National Old Trails Road. The final 1926 plan had US 50 running from Sacramento, California, east to Annapolis with a gap in west Utah that was bridged by running the route north via Salt Lake City before rerouting it to US 6 in the 1950s. US 50 was extended west from Sacramento to San Francisco in the 1930s, replacing US 48; this was reversed in 1964 when I-580 replaced much of the route between the two cities. In addition, US 50 was extended east from Annapolis to Ocean City prior in 1949, replacing a portion of US 213. US 50 had two split configurations into US 50N and US 50S, one in Kansas and another in Ohio and West Virginia; both of these instances have been removed.

Route description

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Western U.S.

US 50 begins as a major freeway at its junction with Interstate 80 in West Sacramento and continues into Sacramento. The portion of US 50 west of and including its interchange with California's State Highway 99 in Sacramento is also designated, but not signed as, Interstate 305. The signage along this portion of the highway indicates Business Loop I-80 and a portion of the way (2 miles/3.33 km) as California State Highway 99. From Sacramento, the highway heads eastward as the William Alexander Leidesdorff, Jr. Memorial Highway, continuing as a freeway to the Gold Country foothills, then following the American River up the Sierra Nevada as a conventional highway, until cresting the Sierras at Echo Summit and descending to Lake Tahoe, where the highway enters Nevada. In Nevada, the highway crosses a series of north–south running mountain ranges that break up the Nevada desert which are called Basin and Range. East of Carson City, the road enters the heart of the Great Basin, passing by few communities and minimal services, giving it the name "Loneliest Road in America" until reaching Utah.

In Utah, US 50 also passes through desolate, remote areas with few inhabitants. After crossing the Confusion Range via Kings Canyon and the House Range, the road traverses the north shore of the endorheic Sevier Lake. In Holden, US 50 shortly overlaps Interstate 15 to cross the Pavant Range. The road begins a much longer overlap with Interstate 70 in Salina crossing the Wasatch Plateau and San Rafael Swell into Colorado. US 50 leaves I-70 upon entering the state and heads southeast through Grand Junction and into the southern part of Colorado. Once there, the road climbs to its highest elevation of  over the Rocky Mountains and in Monarch Pass where it crosses the Continental Divide. After descending from the Rockies, US 50 passes by Royal Gorge near Cañon City and serves Pueblo. The route then joins U.S. Route 400 in Granada and follows the Arkansas River into Kansas.

Midwestern U.S.

Upon entering Kansas, US 50, concurrent with US 400, runs along the Arkansas River to Dodge City where US 50 splits from US 400 and takes a more northerly course. US 50 continues to traverse the farmlands and small towns of the Great Plains mostly as a straight two-lane road until Emporia where it joins Interstate 35 and splits onto Interstate 435 to bypass the center of the Kansas City Area. In Missouri, US 50 leaves I-435 for Interstate 470 splitting at Lee's Summit. US 50 runs as a four-lane divided highway across the Western Plain to Sedalia where it continues as a two-lane road until reaching California, MO about 20 miles west of Jefferson City. The road continues as a four-lane divided highway into Jefferson City where it joins US 63 just south of the Missouri River Bridge.  It continues 12 miles east of Jefferson City to the Osage River where US 63 splits off to the south.  It then continues as a two-lane road as it traverses the northern sections of the Ozark Highlands east to Union where it begins an overlap with Interstate 44 which goes through Pacific. The routes separate in Sunset Hills where US 50 migrates southeast bypassing St Louis by joining Interstate 255 to cross Mississippi River into Illinois.

In that state, US 50 switches to Interstate 64 before splitting onto its own alignment in eastern O'Fallon. It heads east through Trenton, Breese, Carlyle crossing the Kaskaskia River, Salem, Flora and Lawrenceville to the Wabash River along a corridor between Interstates 64 and 70. US 50 enters Indiana at the Wabash River, bypassing Vincennes and Washington and passing through Bedford, Seymour, and Versailles. It meets the Ohio River at Aurora, and soon crosses into Ohio, running through downtown Cincinnati via Fort Washington Way (Interstate 71). The route crosses southern Ohio via Hillsboro, Chillicothe, and Athens, joining the four-lane divided Corridor D (State Route 32) west of Athens. It meets the Ohio River around Belpre, and crosses the newer Blennerhassett Island Bridge (previously crossing the Parkersburg-Belpre Bridge) into greater Parkersburg, West Virginia.

Mid-Atlantic states

The portion of US 50 from Parkersburg, West Virginia to Winchester, Virginia follows the historic Northwestern Turnpike, which crosses the southern tip of Garrett County, Maryland. From Parkersburg to Interstate 79 east of Clarksburg, US 50 has been upgraded as part of the four-lane divided Corridor D. US 50 is a curving two-lane mountain road, east of Clarksburg through Grafton, a bit of Maryland, and Romney to Winchester. This portion of the road is so curvy that locals claim "you can meet yourself coming." The land flattens out after the route crosses the Blue Ridge Mountain east of Winchester, and it follows the old Little River Turnpike from Aldie to Fairfax City and the newer Arlington Boulevard to Rosslyn, where it crosses the District of Columbia line on the west shore of the Potomac River and joins Interstate 66 on the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge.

Within the District, US 50 immediately exits the freeway onto Constitution Avenue along the north side of the National Mall and south of the White House. After turning north on 6th Street Northwest, it exits the city to the northeast on New York Avenue. Upon crossing into Maryland, it passes the south end of the Baltimore-Washington Parkway and becomes the John Hanson Highway, a freeway to Annapolis. The portion of this highway east of the Capital Beltway (I-95/I-495) is also designated, but not signed as, Interstate 595, and U.S. Route 301 joins from the south at Bowie. The freeway continues beyond Annapolis as the Blue Star Memorial Highway which crosses the Chesapeake Bay on the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and continues to Queenstown. There the Blue Star Memorial Highway continues northeast as US 301, while US 50 turns south, passing through Easton to Cambridge, and then east through Salisbury to Ocean City on the four-lane divided Ocean Gateway. US 50 ends near the Atlantic Ocean shore at Baltimore Avenue (Maryland Route 378 northbound); its westbound beginning is one block to the west, at Philadelphia Avenue (Maryland Route 528 southbound).

History

Before the creation of the Interstate Highway System after World War II, US 50 was a major east–west route. Numbered highways in the United States follow a pattern of odd numbers for north–south routes and even numbers for east–west routes, hence the designation of "50" for this route. In the preliminary report, approved by the Joint Board on Interstate Highways in late 1925, US 50 ran from Wadsworth, Nevada to Annapolis, Maryland, passing through Pueblo, Colorado; Kansas City, Missouri; Tipton, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; Cincinnati, Ohio, and Washington, D.C. The route did not directly replace any auto trail, instead combining portions of many into one continuous route. It followed the historic Northwestern Turnpike across West Virginia, and portions of other historic roads. Major auto trails followed, including the Midland Trail in part of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and parts of Utah and Colorado. The National Old Trails Road (Old Santa Fe Trail) was designated in Kansas and  eastern Colorado, and the Lincoln Highway was constructed in Nevada. In most states that had numbered their state highways, US 50 followed only one or two numbers across the state.

One major controversy related to the preliminary route of US 50. The through route had been assigned to the Old Santa Fe Trail, while the spur U.S. Route 250 followed the competing New Santa Fe Trail to the south. As a compromise, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways approved a split configuration—U.S. Route 50N and U.S. Route 50S—in January. Another problem was in western Utah, where no improved road existed for US 50 to use. The final numbering plan, approved in November 1926, left a gap in US 50 between Ely, Nevada and Thistle, Utah. Finally, rather than ending US 50 at Wadsworth, where the Lincoln and Victory Highways merged, it was sent over the Lincoln Highway's Pioneer Branch, past the south side of Lake Tahoe, to Sacramento, California.

The gap in Utah was soon bypassed by taking US 50 to the north, crossing the Great Salt Lake Desert with U.S. Route 40 to Salt Lake City, and using long portions of U.S. Route 93 in Nevada and U.S. Route 89 in Utah. U.S. Route 6 was marked along the direct, but still partially unimproved, route in 1937; it was finally paved in 1952, and US 50 was moved to it within a few years. Another straightening was made in 1976, when US 50 in central Utah was moved south onto the new extension of Interstate 70 at the request of the National Highway 50 Federation, a group dedicated to promoting US 50. Among other things, the group has unsuccessfully pushed for an extension of Interstate 70 west along US 50 to California.

The north–south split in Kansas was eliminated in the late 1950s, with the south route—which was to be US 250—becoming part of US 50, and most of US 50N becoming part of a new U.S. Route 56. Another split was located between Athens, Ohio and Ellenboro, West Virginia from the late 1920s to the mid-1930s, when US 50 went back to its original southern route; that U.S. Route 50N is now Ohio State Route 550 and part of West Virginia Route 16.

At its west end, US 50 was extended south from Sacramento along U.S. Route 99 to Stockton and west to the San Francisco Bay Area, replacing U.S. Route 48, by the early 1930s. US 50 was officially cut back to Sacramento in the 1964 renumbering, replaced by Interstate 580, but remained on maps and signs for several more years. US 50 was extended east from Annapolis to Ocean City, Maryland in 1949, three years prior to the opening of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in 1952; this extension replaced Maryland Route 404 between Annapolis and Wye Mills and U.S. Route 213 between Wye Mills and Ocean City. Prior to the bridge opening, US 50 used a ferry across the Chesapeake Bay between Sandy Point and Matapeake and followed present-day Maryland Route 8 between Matapeake and Stevensville before continuing east.

Major intersections
California
  in West Sacramento
  in Sacramento
Nevada
  in Carson City. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Fallon. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Ely. The highways travel concurrently to Majors Place.
  in Ely. The highways travel concurrently to Delta, Utah.
Utah
  north-northeast of Holden. The highways travel concurrently to Scipio.
  in Salina. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Salina. I-70/US 50 travels concurrently to south-southwest of Mack, Colorado.
  west of Green River. US 6/US 50 travels concurrently to Grand Junction, Colorado. US 50/US 191 travels concurrently to west-southwest of Thompson Springs.
Colorado
  in Grand Junction
  in Montrose
  in Poncha Springs. The highways travel concurrently through the town.
  in Pueblo. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in La Junta
  south of Wiley. The highways travel concurrently to Lamar.
  in Lamar. US 50/US 385 travels concurrently to Granada.
  in Granada. US 50/US 400 travels concurrently to west of Dodge City, Kansas.
Kansas
  north-northwest of Garden City. The highways travel concurrently to Garden City.
  in Dodge City. US 50/US 56 travels concurrently to Kinsley. US 50/US 283 travels concurrently to west-southwest of Wright.
  in Kinsley
  south of St. John
  in Newton. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Florence. The highways travel concurrently on a roundabout at the intersection.
  in Emporia
  east of Emporia. The highways travel concurrently to Lenexa.
  south-southeast of Olivet
  in Ottawa. The highways travel concurrently to northeast of Ottawa.
  in Gardner. The highways travel concurrently to Lenexa.
  in Olathe. The highways travel concurrently to Lenexa.
  in Lenexa. I-435/US 50 travels concurrently to Kansas City, Missouri.
  in Overland Park
Missouri
  in Kansas City. I-470/US 50 travel concurrently to Lee's Summit.
  in Sedalia
  in Jefferson City. US 50/US 63 travels concurrently to north of Westphalia.
  south-southwest of Villa Ridge. The highways travel concurrently to the Sunset Hills–Kirkwood city line.
  in Sunset Hills
  on the Sunset Hills–Kirkwood city line. US 50/US 61/US 67 travels concurrently to Mehlville.
  in Mehlville. The highways travel concurrently to Caseyville, Illinois.
Illinois
  in Caseyville. I-64/US 50 travels concurrently to O'Fallon.
  in Sandoval. The highways travel concurrently through the village.
  in Salem
  northwest of Flora. The highways travel concurrently to east of Flora.
Indiana
  in Vincennes. US 41/US 50 travels concurrently through the city. US 50/US 150 travels concurrently to Shoals.
  east of Washington
  in Loogootee. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Seymour
  in Seymour
  in Versailles. The highways travel concurrently through the town.
  in Greendale.
Ohio
  in Cincinnati
  in Cincinnati. I-71/US 50 travels concurrently through the city.
  in Cincinnati
  in Cincinnati
  in Fayetteville
  in Hillsboro
  in Scioto Township. US 23/US 50 travels concurrently through the township. US 35/US 50 travels concurrently to Schrader.
  in Athens. The highways travel concurrently to Athens Township.
West Virginia
  east of Parkersburg
  in Clarksburg
  in Clarksburg
  west-southwest of Pruntytown. The highways travel concurrently to Pruntytown.
  in Grafton
Maryland
  in Red House
West Virginia
  southeast of New Creek. The highways travel concurrently to Junction.
Virginia
  in Winchester. US 11/US 50 travels concurrently through the city. US 17/US 50 travels concurrently to Paris. US 50/US 522 travels concurrently to southeast of Winchester.
  in Winchester
  in Waterloo
  in Gilberts Corner
  in Fair Oaks
  in Fairfax. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  on the Annandale–Merrifield–West Falls Church line
District of Columbia
  in Washington. The highways travel concurrently through the city, to the Foggy Bottom neighborhood.
  in Washington, in the National Mall. The highways travel concurrently to Mount Vernon Square.
  in Washington, in Mount Vernon Square
Maryland
  in Lanham. The unsigned I-595 is entirely concurrent with US 50 from here to Annapolis.
  in Bowie. The highways travel concurrently to southwest of Queenstown.
  in Parole
  in Salisbury. The highways travel concurrently around the northeastern corner of the city.
  in Berlin
  in Ocean City

See also
 U.S. Bicycle Route 50

Related U.S. Routes
U.S. Route 150
U.S. Route 250
U.S. Route 350
U.S. Route 450
U.S. Route 550
U.S. Route 650
Special routes of U.S. Route 50

Notes

References

External links

 Endpoints of U.S. Highway 50
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

50

U.S. Route 50


Steel Beasts is the name for a family of tank simulators created by eSim Games for Microsoft Windows.

Its subject is contemporary combined arms tactics (with emphasis on modern armoured fighting vehicles) at a company scale. As a consumer game, it is a genre mix of strategy game, action game, simulation game, and wargame of fairly complex gameplay.

Steel Beasts (more colloquially known as SB to its fans) is distinguished from other simulators by a faithful reproduction of tactical maneuvers and Fire Control Systems as well as various other military facets than when compared to other simulators. The sound samples are mostly authentic, having been recorded from some of the actual armored fighting vehicles depicted in the sim.

Customized versions of Steel Beasts have been adopted by the armies of Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and USA for training purposes.

Steel Beasts

Steel Beasts is a modern tank simulator that focuses on the US M1A1 Abrams and German Leopard 2A4 main battle tanks. Both machines are fully drivable and are reproduced in painstaking detail in the game. In addition to these tanks, Steel Beasts models a number of modern armored vehicles such as the Russian T-80, the German Marder, and a variety of armored personnel carriers. Steel Beasts allows the player assume the tank commander's or gunner's seat in the Abrams and Leopard 2, as well as move to an external camera view in each vehicle. The variety of units in the game (including infantry) allows for a wide range of different scenarios.

The game was announced in March 2000, and was published exclusively through Shrapnel's website.

Critical reception

On the review aggregator GameRankings, the game had an average score of 87% based on 21 reviews. On Metacritic, the game had an average score of 86 out of 100, based on 13 reviews.

Critical response to the original Steel Beasts was quite consistent. Reviewers were initially put off by the substandard 640×480 graphics, then highly impressed by the gameplay, immersion and the intelligent-seeming behaviors exhibited by the computerized units.

Bruce Geryk of GameSpot gave the game a rating of 8.8 out 10.

PC Gamer US named Steel Beasts the best simulation game of 2000. The editors of Computer Gaming World nominated Steel Beasts as the best simulation game of 2000, although it lost to Comanche vs. Hokum. The editors of Computer Games Magazine also nominated Steel Beasts for their 2000 "Simulation of the Year" award.

Steel Beasts Pro PE

Steel Beasts Pro Personal Edition, abbreviated SB Pro PE, is the commercial version of the tank simulator Steel Beasts Pro made by eSim Games for Microsoft Windows. It is an armored fighting vehicle-focused game of combined arms combat tactics at the battalion level and below. Players can directly control a vehicle, and also control multiple vehicles through a map view. Many vehicles, such as the classic M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2A4, are fully crew-able, have realistic representations of their actual fire control systems and allow players to aim and fire their weapons. More recently, vehicles such as the Leopard 2A6 and M1A2 SEP have been added and are fully crew-able. Other armored fighting vehicles, such as the M2/M3 Bradley, CV90 and Marder are also fully crewable. Crewable vehicles are usually added as a result of military contracts.

As a tactical simulation, artillery is modelled in the sim and the player can call in various types of artillery, from conventional smoke and high-explosive rounds, to DPICM and the FASCAM minefield system.

SB also includes a scenario editor, which allows for programming of random or condition-based behavior in the computer-controlled units. Well-designed SB scenarios therefore have a high degree of replayability. In addition to the scenario editor, SB also contains a map editor for creating custom maps depicting different terrain types. In the Fall of 2011, eSim Games announced that they were using Xaitment's AI software for pathfinding, movement and behavior modeling.

Reception
Pelit magazine rated the game 85/100.

References

External links
eSim Games - Company site

2000 video games
Cooperative video games
Tank simulation video games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Windows-only games
Strategy First games

Steel Beasts


Teófilo III de Jerusalén (en griego: Η Α. Μακαριότης ο Πατριάρχης Ιεροσολύμων Θεόφιλος Γ'; ; ) (nacido como Ilias Giannopoulos; Mesenia, Grecia, 4 de abril de 1952) es el actual patriarca de la Iglesia Ortodoxa de Jerusalén. Él es llamado "Patriarca de la Ciudad Santa de Jerusalén y toda Palestina, Siria, más allá del río Jordán, Caná de Galilea y la Santa Sión."

Teófilo fue elegido por el Santo Sínodo de Jerusalén como el primado 141a de la Iglesia Ortodoxa de Jerusalén el 22 de agosto de 2005, y confirmado por el Sínodo pan-ortodoxo de Constantinopla. La elección fue respaldada por Jordania, el 24 de septiembre de 2005, como uno de los tres gobiernos cuya aprobación es necesaria. Fue entronizado el 22 de noviembre de 2005, pese a la objeción de Israel. Teófilo tenía previamente una petición al gobierno israelí para el reconocimiento de la elección, finalmente el gobierno israelí reconoció la elección de Teófilo el 16 de diciembre del 2007.

Teófilo fue elegido por unanimidad por el Santo Sínodo de Jerusalén, para suceder al depuesto, Irenaios I. Tras su elección, Teófilo dijo: "En los últimos meses hemos tenido muchos problemas pero con la ayuda de Dios vamos a superarlos."

Biografía

Teófilo nació en Mesenia, Peloponeso, Grecia el 4 de abril de 1952, su nombre al nacer era de Ilias Giannopoulos. En 1964, Ilias se trasladó a Jerusalén.

Se desempeñó como arcediano para el entonces patriarca Benediktos (Benedicto I). De 1991 a 1996 fue un sacerdote en Caná de Galilea, que la que había una comunidad cristiana predominantemente palestina, también formó una sociedad llamada "Nour al Masih" ("Luz de Cristo") para difundir la fe cristiana ortodoxa en toda la región.

Teófilo estudió teología en la Universidad de Atenas y llegó a completar una maestría en Durham. Ha estudiado en la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén. Además de su lengua natal, griego, también habla inglés, árabe y hebreo.

En 1996 fue uno de los clérigos cristianos en los siglos primero para hacer una abertura en la cerrada sociedad islámica wahabita de Catar, una zona históricamente bajo la jurisdicción de la Iglesia Ortodoxa de Jerusalén, donde muchos trabajadores palestinos viven en la actualidad, un número considerable de los cristianos ortodoxos. Luego se desempeñó como exarca del Santo Sepulcro en Catar.

De 2000 a 2003 fue enviado a la iglesia del Patriarcado de Moscú, pero la mayoría del tiempo se mantuvo alejado de Moscú, donde el patriarcado tiene un metochion establecido.

Antes de convertirse en patriarca Teófilo sirvió por un tiempo corto como el arzobispo de Tabor, consagrada al episcopado por Irenaios en febrero de 2005.

Fue entronizado oficialmente como Patriarca de Jerusalén y Palestina el 22 de noviembre de 2005. Los delegados de todas las Iglesias ortodoxas, así como altos dignatarios laicos estuvieron presentes, entre ellos el Presidente de Grecia, y altos funcionarios representantes de los gobiernos de la Autoridad Nacional Palestina, Jordania y Catar, así como diplomáticos y oficiales militares.

Títulos

El título oficial del patriarca de Jerusalén es la siguiente:

Su Beatitud el más piadoso, el Patriarca de la Ciudad Santa de Jerusalén y toda Palestina, Siria, Arabia, más allá del río Jordán, Caná de Galilea, y la Santa Sion, Teófilo III;

en griego:

Η Αυτού Θειοτάτη Μακαριότης, ο Πατριάρχης της Αγίας Πόλεως Ιερουσαλήμ και πάσης Παλαιστίνης, Συρίας, Αραβίας, Πέραν του Ιορδάνου, Κανά της Γαλιλαίας και Αγίας Σιών, Θεόφιλος Γ '

Distinciones honoríficas
  Miembro de Primera Clase de la Orden del Príncipe Yaroslav el Sabio (República de Ucrania, 27/07/2013).
  Caballero gran cruz de la Orden del Redentor (República Helénica, 2016).
  Caballero gran collar de la Orden del Águila de Georgia (Casa de Bagration).
  Caballero gran collar de la Orden de Manuel Amador Guerrero(Panamá, 1/6/2016).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Alumnado de la Universidad de Atenas
Cristianos ortodoxos de Israel
Patriarcas ortodoxos de Jerusalén
Grandes collares de la Orden del Águila de Georgia
Iglesia ortodoxa de Jerusalén
Arzobispos del siglo XXI
Cristianos ortodoxos de Grecia
Obispos ortodoxos del siglo XXI

Teófilo III


ගංගොඩ යනු, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිහිටි ග්‍රාමයකි. එය පහිටා ඇත්තේ, මධ්‍යම පළාත තුලය.

මෙයද බලන්න
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම පළාතේ පිහිටි නගර ලැයිස්තුව

බාහිර සබැඳි
ජන ලේඛන හා සංඛ්‍යා ලේඛන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම පළාතේ ජනාකීර්ණ ස්ථාන

ගංගොඩ


Soy libre est un film documentaire franco-belge réalisé par Laure Portier et sorti en 2021.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : Soy libre
 Réalisation : Laure Portier
 Scénario : Laure Portier
 Photographie : Laure Portier
 Son : Mikaël Barre
 Montage : Xavier Sirven
 Musique : Martin Wheeler
 Production : Perspective Films - Need Productions
 Distribution : Les Alchimistes
 Pays d'origine :  -
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
 France -  (Festival de Cannes - Programmation de l'ACID) et  (sortie nationale)
 Belgique :

Distinctions

Récompenses
 Brussels Film Festival 2021 : Prix du jury
 Festival du film de Zurich 2021 : Mention spéciale
 Magritte 2023 : Meilleur long métrage documentaire

Sélections
 Festival de Cannes 2021 (programmation ACID)
 Champs Élysées Film Festival 2021
 États généraux du film documentaire de Lussas 2021

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Murielle Joudet, « Cannes 2021 : Soy Libre, mon frère ce héros épique », Le Monde, 11 juillet 2021
 Jérôme Momcilovic, « Frère follet », Cahiers du cinéma, , mars 2022,
 Mathieu Macheret, « Soy libre : un frère sous le regard de sa sœur », Le Monde, 8 mars 2022
 François Ekchajzer, « Soy libre : le bel exploit documentaire de Laure Portier… et de son frère », Télérama, 10 mars 2022

Liens externes

 Fiche technique sur le site de l'ACID

Film français sorti en 2021
Film belge sorti en 2021
Film documentaire français
Film documentaire belge
Film documentaire sur la famille
Film tourné dans les Deux-Sèvres
Premier long métrage

Soy libre


An Eustachys brevipila in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Bernardo Rosengurtt ngan Primavera Izaguirre de Artucio, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni José Aristida Alfredo Caro och Evangelina A. Sánchez. An Eustachys brevipila in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eustachys, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eustachys

Eustachys brevipila


A síndrome de hipopigmentação surdo-cega iemenita, também conhecida como síndrome de Warburg-Thomsen, é uma condição causada por uma mutação no gene HMG-box relacionado ao SRY 10 (sem SOX10).

Foi caracterizada em 1990, após ser observada em dois irmãos do Iêmen que apresentavam uma "associação até então não descrita de microcórnea, colobomas da íris e coróide, nistagmo, perda auditiva precoce grave, além de hipo e hiperpigmentação irregular". Algumas fontes afirmam o envolvimento da SOX10.

Síndromes
Doenças e desordens genéticas
Distúrbios da pigmentação humana
Doenças da pele

Síndrome iemenita de hipopigmentação com surdez e cegueira


La Ruta de Illinois 13, y abreviada IL 13 (en inglés: Illinois Route 13) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Illinois. La carretera inicia en el oeste desde la  hacia el este en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 243,9 km (151.54 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta de Illinois 13 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Illinois por sus siglas en inglés IDOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial  de IDOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Illinois

Ruta de Illinois 13


ඉන්දියානු සම්භාව්‍ය නර්තනය යනු භරත මුනි (ක්‍රිපූ 400) සමයෙහි නාට්‍ය ශාස්ත්‍ර  දක්වා දිවෙන සිද්ධාන්තයන් සහිත පූජනීය හින්දු සංගීතමය රංග ශෛලීන් වන  නාට්‍යහී ගැබ්ව ඇත්තාවූ විවිධ කලා ආකෘතීන් හැඳින්වෙන සාපේක්ෂ වශයෙන් නවීන සමූහන පදයකි.

දෙමළ සංස්කෘතිය
ඉන්දියාව

ඉන්දියාවේ සම්භාව්‍ය නැටුම් ශෛලීන්


Vendelinus steht für:

 Govaert Wendelen (1580–1667, Gelehrtenname Vendelinus), flämischer Astronom
 Vendelinus (Mondkrater), benannt nach Govaert Wendelen

Vendelinus


Flóaskarfur (fræðiheiti: Nannopterum brasilianum), einnig kallaður Suður-Ameríkuskarfur, er tegund skarfa.

Heimildaskrá

Skarfar

Flóaskarfur


Solomon Laurent Juneau, Laurent-Salomon Juneau o solo  Salomón Juneau (9 de agosto de 1793, Repentigny, Quebec, Canadá – 14 de noviembre de 1856, Keshena, Wisconsin, Estados Unidos), hijo de François y Marie-Thérèse Galarneau Juneau. Fue un inmigrante franco-canadiense comerciante, tasador de tierras, político, fundador y primer alcalde de la ciudad de Milwaukee, en Estados Unidos.

Biografía
Se estableció en el área donde originalmente habitaban las tribus americanas de los fox, mascouten, potawatomi y winnebago, donde fundó en 1818 la ciudad de Milwaukee, actual Estado de Wisconsin, Estados Unidos y luego le integró los pueblos Kilbourntown al oeste, fundado por Byron Kilbourn, y Walker's Point al sur, fundado por George H. Walker. Luego fue nombrado como el primer alcalde de Milwaukee.

Referencias

Nacidos en Repentigny
Personas de Milwaukee

Solomon Juneau


Lomas de Chapultepec é um bairro residencial e comercial no oeste da Cidade do México, localizado no distrito de Miguel Hidalgo. A sua entrada principal é através do Paseo de la Reforma.

Lomas Palmas, como as partes comerciais desta colónia são conhecidas no mercado imobiliário comercial, é uma das nove principais áreas de escritório principal da cidade. Juntamente com Bosques de las Lomas, Lomas Virreyes e Lomas Altas, forma um eixo comercial que forma efectivamente um novo distrito financeiro (central business district) da Cidade do México.

Toponímia
O nome original da colónia era "Chapultepec Heights", dado por Albert Blair, o criador. A sua esposa, a famosa Antonieta Rivas Mercado, foi quem deu os nomes geográficos às ruas: os das montanhas e colinas do México e do mundo. Quando o nacionalismo prevaleceu entre os habitantes da zona, o nome da colónia foi traduzido para Las Lomas de Chapultepec, mais tradicional e com uma sonoridade mais distinta.

Geografia
A colónia Lomas de Chapultepec está localizada no oeste da Cidade do México e foi criada em torno de florestas na sua maioria densas e densas, pelo que a área é rica em árvores e plantas.

Os limites geográficos da colónia são:

 Para noroeste e norte, o município de Naucalpan de Juárez (colónias Lomas de Tecamachalco San Miguel Tecamachalco, etc.) e a colónia Reforma Social, esta última ainda dentro dos limites da delegação Miguel Hidalgo.
 A nordeste, o Anillo Periférico e o Polanco.
 A leste, a colónia Molino del Rey e o Bosque de Chapultepec.
 Ao sul, as secções II e III do Bosque de Chapultepec; colónias Lomas Altas e Lomas de Reforma.
 A oeste, a colónia Bosques de las Lomas.

História
Las Lomas foi criada nos anos 20 como "Chapultepec Heights", uma nova área residencial para os ricos e poderosos da Cidade do México, e situava-se principalmente em torno de Paseo de la Reforma e Paseo de Las Palmas, perto das avenidas. Estas casas, na sua maioria, partilhavam um bairro mais fresco e mais isolado da época. Muitas das casas construídas durante esse tempo ainda estão de pé na área e constituem o maior número de mansões em toda a área de Lomas. Com o passar do tempo, a colónia tornou-se o segundo maior bairro da área de Lomas, com o maior número de mansões em toda a área de Lomas.

Com o tempo, a colónia de Lomas de Chapultepec expandiu-se devido à grande procura da classe alta do país e dos imigrantes com alto poder de compra da Europa que chegaram ao México durante esse tempo, dando assim lugar a uma nova colónia chamada Bosques de las Lomas, conhecida coloquialmente como "Bosques" tornando-se então e até à data uma das zonas residenciais mais exclusivas do México pela sua elevada qualidade de vida e luxo, uma vez que se caracteriza por albergar muitas das famílias mais ricas e poderosas do México. A área expandiu-se para o Estado adjacente do México, sob o nome de Lomas de Tecamachalco, Lomas de la Herradura, com o que é o cruzamento das fronteiras do Distrito Federal com o Estado do México (Naucalpan e Huixquilucan) e depois para outras áreas circundantes, incluindo Lomas Altas e Bosques de Las Lomas.

Demografia
De acordo com o INEGI, Lomas de Chapultepec tinha uma população total de 20.440 habitantes em 2005.

Comunidade judaica
Nas décadas de 1950, 1960, e 1970, os judeus da Cidade do México tenderam a mudar de Condesa, Roma e Centro para Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Interlomas, Bosques de las Lomas, e Tecamachalco, onde a maioria está actualmente sediada.

Economia
A Google tem a sua sede em Lomas de Chapultepec.

A Embaixada de Portugal também está presente em Lomas de Chapultepec.

Ver também

 Polanco
 Cidade do México
 México

Referências

Bairros da Cidade do México

Lomas de Chapultepec


Ulva (; ) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull. It is separated from Mull by a narrow strait, and connected to the neighbouring island of Gometra by a bridge. Much of the island is formed from Cenozoic basalt rocks, which are formed into columns in places.

Ulva has been populated since the Mesolithic period, and there are various Neolithic remains on the island. The Norse occupation of the island in the Early Middle Ages has left few tangible artefacts but did bequeath the island its name, which is probably from Ulvoy, meaning "wolf island". Celtic culture was a major influence during both Pictish and Dalriadan times as well as the post-Norse period when the islands became part of modern Scotland. This long period, when Gaelic became the dominant language, was ended by the 19th-century Clearances. At its height, Ulva had a population of over 800, but by May 2019, this had declined to 5; some increase in the number of residents was expected in future, with the re-population plan that was to commence in 2020.

Numerous well-known individuals have connections with the island including David Livingstone, Samuel Johnson and Walter Scott, who drew inspiration from Ulva for his 1815 poem, The Lord of the Isles. Wildlife is abundant: cetaceans are regularly seen in the surrounding waters and over 500 species of plant have been recorded. Today there is a regular ferry service and tourism is the mainstay of the economy. In March 2018 the Scottish Land Fund pledged £4.4 million towards a community buyout of the island, and the North West Mull Community Woodland Company took ownership of the island on 21 June 2018.

Geography

Ulva is roughly oval in shape with an indented coastline. It is aligned east-west, being  long, and  wide. Viewed on a small scale, Ulva and its neighbouring island Gometra appear to be a peninsula of the Isle of Mull, as they are separated from one another by narrow straits. Caolas Ulbha (the Sound of Ulva) at the east of the island is a narrow channel a few hundred metres across to Ulva Ferry on Mull. To its west, it is separated from Gometra by Gometra Harbour. To the south are Mull's headlands of Ardmeanach and the Ross of Mull. To the north, Loch Tuath (Loch-a-Tuath) separates it from another headland of Mull, and to the south east is Loch na Keal (Loch nan Ceall), and the island of Eorsa. There are two main bays on the south coast, Port a' Bhàta, and Tràigh Bhàn. On the north coast, there is the horseshoe bay of Lòn Bhearnuis (Bearnus lagoon), Soriby Bay and a few minor inlets.

The highest point of Ulva is Beinn Chreagach ("rocky mountain"), which reaches . It has a neighbour in Beinn Eoligarry the summit of which is  above sea level. The island has a central ridge, with the highest ground running along its lateral axis - this ridge is somewhat broken by Gleann Glas and some other valleys. The south east peninsula tends to be lower lying, with a small plain along the south coast, consisting of raised beaches.

Parish and region
Ulva was part of Argyll pre-1974, and Strathclyde Region after that. It is now part of Argyll and Bute.

The island is in the parish of Kilninian (Cill Ninein), which also includes Gometra, Staffa, Little Colonsay and part of the west of Mull. It was united with Kilmore on Mull, and the minister has traditionally preached in Kilninian and Kilmore on alternate Sundays. For more details, see the church section.

Surrounding islands

Gometra is a tidal island and connected to Ulva by a bridge. Little Colonsay and Inchkenneth (with Samalan Island) are to Ulva's south west and south east respectively. Further to the west are the Treshnish Isles, including the distinctive Bac Mòr, and beyond them, the larger islands of Coll and Tiree, with Gunna between them. To the south west are the islands of Staffa, of Fingal's Cave fame and Erisgeir. Much further to the south west is the island of Iona.

There are a number of smaller islets and rocks off Ulva. To the south and the east are Eilean na Creiche (listed as "Eilean na Craoibhe", on the island's guide's map.)  between Little Colonsay and Ulva. Off Port a' Bhàta are Geasgill Beag & Geasgill Mòr, between Ulva and Inchkenneth. To the south west is Sgeir na Sgeireadh, and Màisgeir due south of Gometra. These islands, along with Ulva itself, form part of the Loch na Keal National Scenic Area,  one of the forty national scenic areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development.

Geology

Ulva's interior is moorland, while the spectacular geological formations of the south coast, have been somewhat overshadowed by those of its neighbour Staffa. Nonetheless, they are still renowned in their own right. Around 60 million years ago, the region was volcanically active, with Ben More on Mull being the remnant of a volcano, and it was in this period that the famous rock formations of Staffa and the basaltic columns of "The Castles" on Ulva came into being. The lava flows are known as the "Staffa Magma Type member" and can also be seen on Mull at Carsaig, Ardtum, and near Tobermory on its east coast. They are particularly rich in silica.  These were formed when the cooling surface of the mass of hot lava cracked in a hexagonal pattern in a similar way to drying mud cracking as it shrinks, and these cracks gradually extended down into the mass of lava as it cooled and shrank to form the columns which were subsequently exposed by erosion.

Much more recently, Ulva was subjected to glaciation, which dug out the fjords/sea lochs on its north and south east sides – Loch Tuath (meaning simply "north loch") and Loch na Keal, as well as softening some of its sharper edges.

The Hebridean coastline has been subject to significant post-glacial changes in sea level and the area is rising up at about  per annum as isostatic equilibrium is regained. The relative drop in sea-level has left the highest raised sea cave in the British Isles on Ulva at A' Chrannag. At some point, Ulva was probably a west pointing headland of Mull, connected to Gometra and Eilean Dioghlum off the latter's west coast.

Etymology
The derivation of "Ulva" is not certain, but is probably from the Old Norse for "wolf isle". Samuel Johnson deduced that it was probably not Gaelic in origin:

The English name "Ulva" is from the Scottish Gaelic, Ulbha, but this may have been corruption of Old Norse. It is debatable whether the Norse root Ulfr refers to an individual's name, or to the animal itself (possibly because of the shape of the island). The island's official website and guide book claims -

However ullamhdha is not Norse, but appears to be the Scottish Gaelic for "ready for it". Munro and MacQuarrie (1996) state that the scout said "ullamh dha" () in Gaelic, meaning the island "was ready for occupation".

The Old Statistical Account of Scotland mentions an alternative folk etymology, namely that Ulva comes from ullamh-àth () meaning 'ready ford' in Gaelic, that could refer either to the tidal stretch with Gometra, or the Sound of Ulva over which cattle were sometimes swum.

History

Prehistory
Ulva's human history goes back thousands of years. Its standing stones have been dated to 1500 BC, and a shell midden in Livingstones Cave dates to c. 5650 BC; it includes remains of flint and a human infant, as well as fauna more appropriate to the Ice Age, such as lemming and Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). The cave has been excavated since 1987 by archaeologists from the University of Edinburgh.

There are a number of dolmens and standing stones on the island, including some west of Cragaig, and one north east of Ormaig,  as well as dùns such as Dùn Bhioramuill on the south east slope of A' Chrannag near Cùl a' Gheata above the cliffs, and Dùn Iosagain on the south west slope of Beinn Eolasary.

Dál Riata
Ulva was anciently part of the border zone of the kingdom of Dál Riata, and during this period the old Gaelic language first came to be spoken here. Presumably the area formed part of the Pictish lands, but they left little evidence behind. This region was amongst the first in northern Scotland to become Christianised. This is commemorated in some of the local place names which contain the word "Cill" or "Ceall", which is frequently anglicised as "Kil-" e.g. "Loch na Keal" is Loch nan Ceall, meaning "loch of the culdee cells", and Cille Mhic Eoghainn, which means literally "Monk's cell of the son of Ewan/MacEwan", or less literally "MacEwan's Church".

The Senchus fer n-Alban lists three main kin groups in Dál Riata in Scotland, with a fourth being added later. The Cenél Loairn controlled parts of northern Argyll around the Firth of Lorne, most probably centred on Lorne but perhaps including the Isle of Mull, Morvern and Ardnamurchan, supposedly the descendants of Loarn mac Eirc.  The chief place of the kingdom appears to have been at Dun Ollaigh, near Oban. The chief religious site may have been on Lismore, later the seat of the High Medieval bishop of Argyll.

Saint Columba (Colm Cille) visited Ulva in 563.

Norse period and Middle Ages
Ulva later became part of the Norse Kingdom of the Isles. Rubha nan Gall ("point of the foreigners"), on the north coast of the island, may refer to the Norse.

Gometra and Inchkenneth nearby both have connections to Iona so it is not likely that Ulva had as well. Ulva came under the Diocese of Sodor and Man, and then the Diocese of Argyll.

Ulva came into the possession of the Clan MacQuarrie (an anglicised version of the surname MacGuaire) family over a thousand years ago, and they controlled it until the mid-19th century. The name MacGuaire is also anglicised as McGuire in Ireland. The English version has many variants, for examples, a 16th-century clan chief was Donn-slèibhe MacGuaire, possibly the ancestor of the Livingstone (MacDhùn-lèibhe) family. MacKenzie mentions that his name was anglicised in the following widely differing versions - "Dunslavie McVoirich" (either MacMhuirich (which becomes Currie or MacPherson) or MacMhurchaidh), "Dulleis MacKwiddy", "Dwnsleif MacKcurra" and "Dwnsleyf MaKwra". "Dunslav" was recorded as a forename in Ulva in 1693 as well.

The Ulva Brooch was found in a pool of water in a cave in 1998. Its exact date of origin is unknown, but it is reckoned to be 16th or 17th century. The original is now in a museum in Dunoon, and a replica can be seen in Sheila's Cottage on the island. It is an engraved woman's brooch, for keeping a shawl tied together, and is believed to have been left in the cave after someone sheltered there.

18th century
In 1722, the inhabitants of Ulva were sent to a court in Inveraray, because they had taken oil from a stranded whale.

During the second Jacobite uprising, Clan MacQuarrie fought at Culloden on Charles Edward Stuart's side.

The Rev. John Walker lamented the lack of commercial fishing, which he thought could provide the islanders with an additional income and food source. He noted the presence of herring, cod, and ling in the surrounding waters, but said, that there was

Lachlan Macquarie

Lachlan Macquarie was born on Ulva 31 January 1762. He is sometimes referred to as "Father of Australia". He left when he was 14, and was Governor of New South Wales from 1809–21, the longest tenure of any Australian governor. However, after his long sojourns in India, Australia and elsewhere, Lachlan Macquarie returned to his home turf. His mausoleum may still be seen at Gruline on Loch na Keal, on the Isle of Mull, within sight of his home island. The mausoleum is possibly the only site in Scotland maintained by the National Trust of Australia.

His father, who had the same name, was a cousin of the sixteenth and last chieftain of the clan. According to local tradition, he was either a miller or a carpenter. There is some argument as to where exactly he was born: Ormaig is generally stated, because he appears to have come from that branch of the clan. It has even been suggested that he was born on the near section of Mull – at either Oskamull or Lagganulva, but local tradition says he was born at Cùl a' Gheata, which is  south of Ulva House.
Clan Macquarrie Lachlan MacQuarrie, the last chief to live on the island, claimed that his clan had possessed Ulva since the 9th century; and although the chiefs are not on public record until the mid-15th century, they can produce a pedigree of sorts going back to the 13th. They even claim kinship with Saint Columba. General Lachlan MacQuarrie, the most famous member of the clan, was possibly born at Ormaig on the Mull side after his parents moved there from Ulva. After a military career, he became the first Governor of New South Wales and Australians make pilgrimages to his mausoleum at Gruline on Mull.

The men of Ulva were known in sonorous Gaelic as "the fierce, fearless, great-feated MacQuarries". Their war cry was "The Red Tartan Army" and they took part in many far flung battles – at Inverkeithing, Bannockburn, in the colonies. Graves of MacQuarries at Culloden are on the right hand side where other Mull men rest. They followed the MacLeans who joined Prince Charles under MacLean of Drimnin at Stirling. An Ulva man carried the banner back from Culloden. With it wrapped around his body, he swam home across the sound. David Livingston was a descendant of this warrior.

MacQuarrie needed to sell Ulva in 1777 to pay his debts but many of his clan remained on the island for over a century.

In 1787, Macquarie came back to Mull and Ulva, to try to recruit men for the British army. Few Ulbhachs had any interest, and he deemed them "ungrateful":

19th century
By the early 19th century, potatoes were a major staple of the island, and Ulva exported them.

The main remnants of Clan MacQuarrie's chiefs fell at the battles of Malda and Waterloo. Their mother Marie was given a medal by King George IV with the slogan Màthair nan Gaisgich - "mother of heroes" on it.

Kelp industry
Until the mid-19th century its main industry was kelp collection and export primarily operated by Staffa MacDonald who bought the island in 1785 because of the kelp. At the turn of the 19th century, the kelp industry supported a large amount of the population. It was seasonal work, with collection taking place in the months of May, June and July, when it was considered possible to dry it outdoors. The dried kelp would usually then be burnt, and the ash used to produce various products, including fertiliser (mostly soda ash) and iodine as well as glass and soap. The ruined kiln on the south shore may have been used for this. Between 1817 and 1828, no less than 256 tonnes of kelp were collected in Ulva. Kelpers collected on average, a wage of two shillings a week, and a stone of wheat.

Ulva's Kelp Industry Seaweed plays an important role in the history of Ulva. It was burned to produce kelp, a product in great demand in the early 19th century for making glass and soap. Being a labour-intensive process (it took 20 tons of seaweed to produce 1 ton of kelp) Ulva's population grew to meet the demands of cutting, carrying and burning enough seaweed for an average output of 23 tons of kelp per year. In 1785 Ulva was purchased by a pioneer of the kelp burning industry and his son, Staffa MacDonald was reputed to have "trebled his income and doubled his population by careful attention to his kelp shores".

The Clearances

Francis William Clark, a lawyer from Stirling, bought the island in 1835. According to the Isle of Mull website, Ulva was booming in 1837, with a population of 604 people.

After the Clearances ordered by Clark, two-thirds of the islanders were gone within a few years. Sometimes those who were to be evicted were given no warning, and had the thatch of their houses set on fire by "brutal landowners who replaced them with more economically sound sheep", according to one news report. In 1841, the population of Ulva and Gometra was 859, but by 1848 this had plummeted to 150 thanks to a combination of the Highland potato famine and Clark's mass evictions. In 1849, 360 people lived on Ulva, but that number had dropped to 51 by 1881.

MacKenzie records at Aird Glas, near Ardalum, the now abandoned row of houses was nicknamed "Starvation Terrace":

He thinks however, that the plan may not have been to starve them, but to create fishing stations of the type which Walker lamented the lack of. This is certainly what was attempted in Sutherland. Opinions on Clark remain divided. The island's guidebook claims:

One of Clark's neighbours did not think much of his concern, and is reported to have shouted "Francis William Clark, there's a smell of your name all over Scotland".

MacKenzie further notes, that unlike in Sutherland, where the Clearances are most remembered, there was no factor or middle man to provide a buffer between the tenants and the landlord, like the notorious Patrick Sellar, and that Clark did a lot of the evicting himself.

In evidence to the Napier Commission, Alexander Fletcher recounted that Clark moved people from one piece of land to a small one, repeatedly "then to nothing at all, and when they would not clear off altogether, some of them had the roofs taken off their huts."

Fletcher also claimed that Clark bullied the sick and the elderly: "In another case, there was a very sick woman... Notwithstanding the critical condition of the woman, he [F. W. Clark] had the roof taken down to a small bit over the woman's bed." Another recorded that a woman fetching water at a well was so terrified of him, that she "ran away, and left her kettle at the well, which Mr Clark took hold of and smashed to pieces."

F. W. Clark was still alive at the time of the reports to the Napier Commission, and never made any attempt to refute these accusations. His son, of the same name, disagreed vocally with his father's behaviour and said, "he would rather have a cailleach (old woman) to light his pipe in every ruined house than all the sheep... of Ulva".

The Clark family continued to own the island until 1945. F. W. Clark also bought, and cleared, the islands of Gometra and Little Colonsay.

Here is a list of some of the cleared townships, and their current state.

(Notes: All information from MacKenzie  (2000).)

Clark had a memorial built to himself, and his family on top of the Iron Age fort at Dùn Bhioramuill. A huge marble slab to F. W. Clark was "accidentally" lost in the mire, on its way to be placed here. Some say this was deliberate, but according to local folklore, this was due to the "weight of evil on it". The other parts of the memorial may still be seen.

20th century

In The Scottish Field (September 1918), there is a description by Angus Henderson of how the cattle were driven to "mainland" Mull.

During the 20th century, the population of Ulva continued to fall. In 1981 it dropped to 13, the lowest point in recorded history until then. By 1991, however, it had risen to 30, mostly due to incomers working on the island. In 2001 the usually resident population was 16 but by 2011 it had decreased again to 11. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702.

The Clarks owned the island for the best part of a century, selling it in 1945 to Edith, Lady Congleton, with her daughter Jean Howard then owning it, and her grandson James Howard as estate manager. Under the Howards, the population fluctuated, rather than falling continuously as it had under the Clarks.

In 1950, Queen Elizabeth and the royal yacht, Britannia visited.

In 2000, D. W. R. MacKenzie wrote As It Was/Sin Mar a Bha: An Ulva Boyhood, which is a combination of autobiography and a potted history of the island. His father was a Church of Scotland minister, who moved there from Rothesay, where he had been in charge of the Gaelic church there. MacKenzie describes his early impressions, as a child, of the island in the 1920s, and how the minister's children slowly began to recognise the landscape of eviction:

According to a 2018 publication by Tourism Scotland, "There are no tarmac roads on Ulva, so no cars, just the 4 wheel cross country bikes used by all inhabitants".

Infrastructure and economy

None of the island's roads is tarmacked or numbered, due to the low population, and there are no fewer than six fords on the length of the southern road. There is however a bridge to Gometra, which can also be reached dry-shod at low tide. Like certain other islands, e.g. Sark, there are no cars, but quad bikes and tractors are used.

A ferry sails from Ulva to the hamlet of Ulva Ferry on Mull, on request.  Ulva Primary School is in fact on Mull at Ulva Ferry. There are ruined school buildings still to be seen at Glac na Gallan and Fearann Àrd-àirigh.

Ulva's main industry now is tourism. Other industries on the island include sheep and cattle farming, and fish farming (salmon at Soriby Bay). There is also a small sawmill. There is no hotel on the island, but there is a locked bothy at Cragaig which can be rented and camping is also possible. At Ardalum, there is a former shooting lodge, which is now a self-catering unit, and was also workers' accommodation for a while. There is a licensed restaurant/tea room on the island, "The Boathouse", where locally harvested oysters are sold.

In the summer of 2017, the island was put up for sale by owner Jamie Howard. The North West Mull Community Trust was granted the right to register its interest in a community buyout, which was subsequently backed by 63.9% of voters in a poll ordered by the Scottish government, with residents of Ulva and part of Mull eligible to vote.

Subsequently, the government had stopped the attempt to sell Ulva on the open market. A fundraising appeal was launched and in March 2018 the Scottish Land Fund pledged £4.4 million towards a community buyout. John Watt, the chair of the Fund, stated that it was a "momentous day" for local residents. "I wish them every success as they go on to raise the remaining funding that will allow them to turn their dreams into reality." The buyout was completed on 21 June 2018. The North West Mull Community Woodland Company acquired the Ulva Estate, through the Community Right to Buy legislation.

A 2019 news report provided the following specifics: "The community company raised £4.4m from the Scottish Land Fund to buy Ulva from owner Jamie Howard, whose family had owned the island for 70 years. The total purchase cost £4.65m with a global fundraising effort helping to secure the balance".

Re-development master plan
By 21 June 2018, the sale of the island had been concluded. The subsequent master plan for the island involves making improvements, increasing the population and returning farming to Ulva. More specifically, the residents were "hoping to create jobs here, build new affordable housing and tempt young Scots to make it their home". Some of the ideas discussed in spring 2018 included opening a campsite, hostel and mini-hotel and to commence oyster farming. Roughly 5,000 people visited the island each summer. In February 2019, repairs to the slipway and the connecting pier on Mull were completed, beneficial for both ferry passengers and fisherman working out of the Sound. The project was funded by Marine Scotland.

Restoration of the oldest blackhouse on the island was being completed in October 2019; it is the one closest to the ferry dock. The building is known as Sheila's cottage, since it was the home of dairy maid Sheila MacFadgen from 1911 to the 1950s, the last resident of the row of cottages. This was the second significant step in the Ulva master plan.

At that time, Wendy Reid, Ulva's development manager said that the hope was for the population to increase to 20 by 2024 and to 50 in the future. Six houses were scheduled for renovation, including three that were vacant; this process will help attract new residents to the island. By late 2019, news suggested that the population could "soar by 6,000%" as a result of the campaign to encourage people to move to the island. The large Ulva House was being converted into self catering flats.

In January 2020, 30 Highland cattle were scheduled to be delivered to the island since the plan includes "communion between humans, animals and nature", according to Reid. Until then, the island was supporting a small flock of wild Hebridean sheep and a few feral goats. During the year, efforts to refurbish other old dwellings would continue. The restorations were expected to be planned by the community and completed under the supervision of Argyll and Bute Council. Land sales would also commence.

"We want to attract people from all backgrounds, but also keeping one goal in common: to contribute to the wellbeing of the community with their skills and talents", Reid said.

In May 2021, the island announced a drive to replace petrol and diesel-engined quad bikes with all electric vehicles, and the start of work to restore three tenanted homes and three vacant properties on the island.

Wildlife

Fauna
Ulva is known for its wildlife, which as is usual for many Scottish islands, includes many varieties of seabirds. A number of raptors breed on the island including buzzards and golden eagles. Game birds include snipe, grouse, pheasant, and woodcock. White-tailed eagles, which were reintroduced in the nearby Island of Rùm have migrated to Mull, where they now have a stronghold - they can occasionally be seen on Ulva, but are not known to nest there. Ravens also breed here. Puffin, black-legged kittiwakes, shag, common and Arctic tern, gannets, eider ducks, oystercatchers, curlews, redshanks, red-breasted mergansers and gulls nest on the island and the surrounding waters provide a livelihood for numerous seabirds. Occasional visitors (usually not breeding) include - house martins, Leach's storm petrel, corncrakes (which are rare in the British Isles), peregrine falcons and spotted flycatchers.

Land mammals that can be found on the island, include red deer, rabbits, and mountain hares. Stoats and hedgehogs are occasionally sighted on the island as well. In 1986 the island's otters were studied by experts from the University of Leeds - in the six weeks that they were there, they sighted the otters every evening. In regard to canids, there are no foxes on the island, although it has been suggested that the name "Ulva" - wolf isle - meant that wolves lived on the island in the Norse period.

There is only one known kind of reptile on the island, the pseudo-snake slowworm, but no true snakes have been reported. The name "Ormaig", however, is probably a corruption of the Norse Ormrsvi, which means "bay of the worm" - this may refer to a snake.

Cetaceans that can be seen in the surrounding waters include minke whales, porpoises, dolphins, and pilot whales. Whales occasionally get beached on the island, more recent examples including 1966 (pilot), 1987 (pilot) and 1991 (two sperm whales). Grey seals and basking shark also frequent the area.

Ulva is also home to two extremely rare insects: the Scotch burnet moth, which can also be found on Mull, but nowhere else, and a dragonfly, Orthetrum coesilesceus.

Flora

More than 500 species of plant have been recorded on Ulva.

Bracken is particularly abundant on the island, with heather growing in some other parts. Wild flowers that grow here include Hyacinthoides non-scripta ('common' or 'British' bluebells), Campanula rotundifolia ('bluebells of Scotland' or 'harebells'), orchids, sundews (Drosera) and Dianthus ("pinks").

Much of the island is treeless, but there are substantial stands in some places, especially near the island's small reservoir.

However, in the areas where trees grow, there is a surprising diversity. There are at least 43 varieties and/or species of broadleaf trees on the island, and over a dozen types of conifer. Amongst the coniferous trees are silver and noble firs, juniper, European and Japanese larch, Sitka spruce, and Scots pine. The broadleafs include laburnum, wych elm, three types of oak, four kinds of cherry tree, alder, sycamore, sweet chestnut, walnut and various other fruit trees.

In literature and the arts

Boswell and Johnson
Dr Johnson and Boswell visited The MacQuarrie on Ulva in October 1773, the year after Sir Joseph Banks brought Staffa to the English-speaking world's attention. Perhaps aware that Banks considered that the columnar basalt cliff formations on Ulva called "The Castles" rivalled Staffa's Johnson wrote:

Both men left separate accounts of the visit, Johnson in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland (18 January 1775) and Boswell in Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D (1785). They arrived on Saturday, 16 October, and left the following day.

Scott and Hogg

Boswell and Johnson were not the only famous non-Highland visitors to the island. Walter Scott and James Hogg also visited the islands some decades later. Scott was struck by the contrast between Ulva and the nearby island of Inchkenneth:

By the time, Scott visited the "mean" house referred to in Boswell's journal was gone, and replaced by one from a design by Robert Adam. This in turn has been destroyed, and the current Ulva House is on its site.

Hogg wrote some graffiti on the wall of Ulva Inn, now lost due to its burning down in 1880:

Many other visitors to neighbouring Staffa stayed at Ulva Inn, this included Keats, Mendelssohn, and William Wordsworth.

After his visit, Walter Scott used Ulva as material for various works, for example, in his 1815 poem, Lord of the Isles (Canto 4)

In Tales of a Grandfather, Scott tells the story of "Alan-a-Sop". In his youth, Alan-a-Sop was treated badly by his stepfather, one Maclean of Torloisk. He grew up to be a pirate and eventually took a bloody revenge on Torloisk with the help of MacQuarrie of Ulva.

Other
A piper named MacArthur set up a famous piping school on Ulva, possibly in the 17th century. He himself was trained by the great MacCrimmon dynasty of Skye, whose piping skills were legendary in Gaeldom. The MacArthurs themselves were said to be amongst the greatest bagpipers to come out of Scotland.

The Scottish missionary and explorer of Africa, David Livingstone recounted how his ancestors had originally come from Ulva.

The most famous commemoration of Ulva in literature is Thomas Campbell's poem, Lord Ullin's Daughter, written after the writer had visited the region. The opening two stanzas are as follows:

Moladh Ulbha (In Praise of Ulva) is a song written by the Ulbhach Bard, Colin Fletcher (Cailean Mac an Fhleisdeir). It was transcribed by the Rev. MacKenzie. This is the first verse.

John MacCormick (; 1870–1947), the author of the first full length Scottish Gaelic novel, Dùn Aluinn (1912) was an occasional visitor to the island. He wrote a number of short stories, non-fiction and a novella. He came from Mull, and was a distant relative of the politician of the same name and Neil MacCormick

English children's writer, Beatrix Potter (1866–1943) also visited Ulva from time to time. She was a relative of the Clark family, and The Tale of Mr. Tod (1912) is dedicated to F. W. Clark (III - grandson of the man who bought the island). The dedication says rather cryptically: "FOR FRANCIS WILLIAM OF ULVA — SOMEDAY!" Although the main characters of the book are a fox (tod) and a badger (brock), neither species can be found on Ulva.

Structures

Many structures on Ulva are in ruins, such as the former water mill between Ormaig and Cragaig, and if not in ruins, they have been incorporated into other buildings, e.g. Bracadale Steadings, which includes bits of the old Ulva House which Boswell and Johnson stayed in. On the southern coast are found the ruins of the hamlet of Ormaig (walls of old cottages) and of Kilvekewen church.

The Boathouse Cafe remains in business. A January 2020 news item indicated that it was "rapidly gaining a reputation for its fresh seafood".

Ulva Church
In the early 19th century, an unflattering report stated:
"No district was more deficient in the means of religious instruction than Ulva" and that "Divine service was little frequented in winter."

A small church was built at Ardalum between 1827 and 1828. It cost £1,500 and was designed by Thomas Telford. It was restored in 1921. the original church did not have a proper floor, and its floor boards were laid on top of the earth.

The Certificate of Complete of the Ulva Church and Manse is dated 14 March 1828, and it was conveyed by Charles MacQuarie. There was a budget of £1,500 pounds for the construction and the actual cost came to £1,495 14/1.

Privately owned since the mid 1950s when it was purchased by the family who then owned the island, it is still used, partly as a community centre, and the north-west wing for worship at least twice a year, at Easter and at Harvest time. (The island was sold to the residents in 1998 however, and the building is now owned by that small group.) It is claimed that in 1847 (Statistical Account), everyone on the island attended services in it including one Roman Catholic and one atheist. Dr Johnson was probably speaking of the old church at Cille Mhic Eòghainn when he said: "Ulva was not neglected by the piety of ardent times: it has still to show what was once a church." Ulva Church is dedicated to St Eòghann of Ardstraw, possibly the same person.

The last resident minister, Rev. MacKenzie left in 1929.

Sheila's Cottage
"Sheila's Cottage" is a thatched but and ben, which was restored in the 1990s. It is named for Sheila MacFadyen (Sile NicPhaidein), who lived in the cottage between the turn of the 20th century and the early 1950s. Sheila was originally a milkmaid at Ulva House, but she spent her later years, after her son predeceased her, garnering a scanty living by gathering and selling winkles for sale locally. One room, the "but" was for livestock, and the other, the "ben" was her living space, where all activities took place.

The cottage contains a box bed, dresser, and a life-size model of Sheila herself.

An additional restoration of the cottage was being completed in late 2019.

Other buildings
The Inn at Ulva was popular with visitors to Staffa. However, although it called itself a "temperance inn", its keeper was charged three times with breach of licence. It burnt down in 1880 - the buildings were thatched, and the guest book, which contained many famous signatures was destroyed with it. It reopened, but was finally closed in 1905.

More than one building has gone by the name "Ulva House", and the current one was designed by Leslie Grahame-Thomson in the early 1950s. There is a dovecot and a pig sty on its gable end. The Ulva Master plan called for converting the House into self catering flats, according to an October 2019 news report.

There are several ruined kilns on the island for a number of different purposes. At Baligartan, there is the remains of a kiln for drying grain, and on the south shore, in a gully (GR173378), there is another, which was probably used in the island's old kelp industry.

Folklore and customs
It may be presumed that much of the island's folklore disappeared with the island's population. The story of "Allan-a-Sop", adapted by Scott would have formed part.

Bradley's Cave (G 439398) is named for an Irish itinerant who used to visit in the 19th century. Bradley, or O' Brolligan (as his name is sometimes recorded) was a retired sailor, who took to the roads as a pedlar, and when on Ulva, he was said to live in this cave. Though there is little evidence of his existence, during the 20th century, buttons and a coin dated 1873 were found in here.

Cairistiona's Rock near Ormaig has a more gruesome story attached to it. Cairistiona accused, probably falsely, her sister of stealing a large hunk of cheese, and tried to extract a confession from her, by lowering her off a cliff with a plaid tied round her neck. The plaid slipped, and ended up strangling her sister, which she had never intended to do. Wracked with remorse, she confessed to the accident, but this was not enough for the islanders, who decided to drown her, by throwing her in a sack and laying her on the rock, which still bears her name.

Mercheta Mulierum
Mercheta Mulierum was an ancient custom persisting in the island:

Boswell said "I suppose, Ulva is the only place where this custom remains", and Sir William Blackstone says in his Commentaries on the Laws of England that "he cannot find that ever this custom [Borough English] prevailed in England".

Walter Scott claimed that mercheta mulierum persisted at the time of his visit.

See also

 List of islands of Scotland

References

General references

 Bannerman, John, Studies in the History of Dalriada. Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, 1974.
 Broun, Dauvit, Dál Riata in Lynch (2001).

 Howard, J. & Jones, A., The Isle of Ulva: A Visitor's Guide, published by Ulva Estate, (2004)
 Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. London. HarperCollins. Articles: Ulva & "MacQuarrie, Lachlan"
 Johnson, Samuel (1775) A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland. London. Chapman & Dodd. (1924 edition).
 Livingston, David LL.D., D.C.L., Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years' Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence Across the Continent, Down the River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean.
 MacKenzie, Donald W. R. As It Was/Sin Mar a Bha: A Ulva Boyhood Birlinn Ltd (16 May 2000)
 Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners of Inquiry Into the Condition of the Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland (Napier Commission)

External links

 The Isle of Ulva "A world apart"
 Now who be ye, would cross Loch Gyle? (Ulva) John Hannavy visits Ulva, a tiny island off the west coast of Mull Published in Scotland Magazine Issue 31 on 16/02/2007
 Mullmagic.com Isle of Ulva
 Images of archaeological sites in Mull and Ulva, Clive Ruggles, University of Leicester.

Islands of Argyll and Bute
Islands of the Inner Hebrides
Highland Clearances
Volcanoes of Scotland
Paleogene volcanism
Extinct volcanoes of Europe
Columnar basalts
Cleared places in the Inner Hebrides
Community buyouts in Scotland

Ulva


අතීතය
මෙම රෝහල ආරම්භවූයේ මැනිං ආර්යා ආරෝග්‍යශාලාව නමිනි.

රෝහල් නව ගොඩනැගිල්ල
මහල් 8 කින් යුතු රෝහලේ නව ගොඩනැගිල්ල, ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජයේ අරමුදල් සහ කොරියානු ණය ආධාර යටතේ ඉදිකරන ලද්දකි. එය 2000 වර්ෂයේ අගෝස්තු මස 15 වන දිනදී, ශ්‍රී ලංකා අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය සිරිමාවෝ බණ්ඩාරනායක මැතිණිය සහ කොරියානු ජනරජ තානාපති සොන්ග් යන්ග් ඕ මහතා විසින් විවෘත කරන ලදී.

බස්නාහිර පළාත් සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවට අයත් රෝහල්

දිස්ත්‍රික් මහ රෝහල - ගම්පහ


El título Un lugar para soñar puede hacer referencia, en esta enciclopedia:
 Un lugar para soñar, título dado en España a la película We Bought a Zoo de 2011, dirigida por Cameron Crowe y protagonizada por Matt Damon y Scarlett Johanson, entre otros.
 Un lugar para soñar (serie de televisión), título en español de la serie Virgin River, de 2019, producida por Reel World Management a partir de las novelas del mismo título publicadas por Robyn Carr.

Un lugar para soñar


Das Mixed der Australian Open 2004 war ein Tenniswettbewerb in Melbourne.

Titelverteidiger war die Paarung Leander Paes und Martina Navratilova. Das Finale gewann die Paarung Nenad Zimonjić und Jelena Bowina in zwei Sätzen gegen Leander Paes und Martina Navrátilová.

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Weblinks
 Draw der Australian Open auf ITFtennis.com (englisch)

Mixed
2004

Australian Open 2004/Mixed


Fizik ve mühendislikte, akışkanlar dinamiği, hareket hâlindeki akışkanların (sıvı ve gazlar) nasıl aktığını tanımlayan akışkanlar mekaniğinin bir alt dalı. Kendi içinde aerodinamik (hareket hâlindeki hava ve diğer gazların incelenmesi) ve hidrodinamik (hareket hâlindeki sıvıların incelenmesi) gibi birçok alt disiplini vardır. Akışkanlar dinamiği, uçaklar üzerindeki kuvvet ve momentlerin hesaplanması, boru hattındaki petrolün kütle akış oranının belirlenmesi, hava tahmini, yıldızlararası ortamda bulunan bulutsuların anlamaya çalışılması ve fisyon silahlarının patlamalarının modellenmesi gibi çok geniş bir uygulama yelpazesine sahiptir.

Akışkanlar dinamiği, akış ölçümlerinden türetilen ve pratik problemleri çözmek için kullanılan deneysel ve yarı-deneysel yasaları birleştirerek sistematik bir yapı sunar. Bir akışkanlar dinamiği probleminin çözümü, tipik olarak, akışkanın hız, basınç, yoğunluk ve sıcaklık gibi çeşitli özelliklerini uzay ve zaman fonksiyonları olarak hesaplamayı içerir.

Yirminci yüzyıldan önce, hidrodinamik akışkan dinamiği ile eş anlamlı olarak kullanılıyordu. Bu yüzden günümüzde akışkanlar dinamiğinin bazı konuları, gazlar için de uygulanabilir olmalarına rağmen hâlâ hidrodinamik ismiyle anılmaktadır. Buna manyetik hidrodinamik ve hidrodinamik stabilite örnek olarak verilebilir.

Temeller
Akışkanlar dinamiğinin kurucu aksiyomları korunum yasalarıdır. Bunlar; kütlenin korunumu, momentumun korunumu (Newton'un İkinci Hareket Kanunu) ve enerjinin korunumudur (Termodinamiğin Birinci Yasası). Bu yasalar klasik mekaniğe dayanır, kuantum mekaniğinde ve genel izafiyette modifiye edilirler. Yasaları akışkanlar mekaniğinde daha kullanışlı şekilde ifade etmek için Reynolds transport teoremi kullanılır.

Akışkanlar aslında birbiriyle çarpışan moleküllerden oluşur; ancak akışkanlar dinamiğinde akışkanların sürekli ortamda oldukları varsayılır. Buna göre akışkanların yoğunluk, basınç, sıcaklık ve hız gibi özellikleri uzayda sonsuz küçük noktalarda süreklilik içinde her zaman tanımlıdır. Böylece akışkanların ayrık moleküllerden oluştuğu ihmal edilir.

Süreklilikte olduğu varsayılabilecek kadar yoğun, ışık hızına göre düşük akış hızına sahip ve iyonize olmamış Newton tipi akışkanlar için momentum denklemleri Navier-Stokes denklemleridir. Bu denklemler, doğrusal olmayan diferansiyel denklem sistemi oluşturur ve sadeleştirilmemiş genel kapalı formda çözümü yoktur. Bu yüzden hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği kullanılarak çözülürler. Denklemler, yalnızca bazı basit akışkanlar dinamiği problemlerinde sadeleştirilip kapalı formda analitik olarak çözülebilir.

Bir problemi tam olarak tanımlayabilmek için, kütle, momentum ve enerji korunum denklemlerine ek olarak, basıncı diğer termodinamik özelliklerin fonksiyonu olarak veren bir termodinamik hâl denklemi gereklidir. İdeal gaz denklemi buna örnek olarak gösterilebilir:

p basınç, ρ yoğunluk, T sıcaklık, Ru gaz sabiti ve M mol kütlesi olmak üzere

Korunum yasaları
Akışkanlar dinamiği problemlerini çözmek için üç korunum yasası kullanılır. Bunlar, integral veya diferansiyel formda yazılabilir. Korunum yasaları kontrol hacmi denilen bir akış bölgesine uygulanabilir. Kontrol hacmi, uzayda akış analizi için seçilmiş ve yüzeylerinden akışın giriş/çıkış yapabildiği ayrık hacimdir. Korunum yasalarının integral formülasyonu bütün olarak kontrol hacmi içindeki kütle, momentum ve enerji değişimlerini tanımlar. Korunum yasalarının diferansiyel formülasyonunda ise akış alanı boyunca art arda ve birbiri üstüne istiflenmiş sonsuz küçük kontrol hacimleri analiz edilir. Limit durumunda bu sonsuz küçük hacimler birer nokta olacağından korunum denklemleri akış içindeki her yerde geçerli bir kısmi diferansiyel denklem sistemine dönüşür.

 Kütlenin sürekliliği (kütlenin korunumu): Bir kontrol hacmi sınırları içerisindeki akışkan kütlesinin değişme hızı, kontrol hacmine giren net kütlesel debiye eşittir. Bu, fiziksel olarak kontrol hacmi içinde kütlenin yokken var, varken yok edilemeyeceğini gerektirir ve süreklilik denkleminin integral formuyla ifade edilebilir:

Yukarıda  akışkanın yoğunluğunu, u akış hız vektörünü ve t zamanı temsil etmektedir. Denklemin sol tarafı kontrol hacmi içindeki kütle değişim hızını gösterir ve kontrol hacmi üzerinde üç katlı bir integral içerir. Denklemin sağ tarafında ise denklemin yüzeyinden net kütle geçişini temsil eden bir integral vardır. Süreklilik denkleminin diferansiyel formülasyonu diverjans teoremi kullanılarak bulunabilir:

 Momentumun korunumu: Bu denklem, bir kontrol hacmi içindeki havanın ivme herhangi bir değişiklik hacmine hava net akışı ve hava dış kuvvetlerin etkisine bağlı olmasını gerektiren, kontrol hacmine Newton'un hareket kanunu uygular ikinci hacmi içinde. Bu denklemin integral formülasyonu olarak, burada vücut kuvvetleri, f vücut tarafından birim kütle başına vücut kuvvetini temsil edilmektedir. Böyle viskoz kuvvetler gibi yüzey kuvvetleri, nedeniyle kontrol hacmi yüzeyinde gerilimlere Fnet kuvvet ile temsil edilir.

Aşağıdaki gibi momentumun korunumu denklemi diferansiyel şeklidir. Tek toplam kuvvet, F. Örneğin, F bir iç akış üzerinde etkili sürtünme ve yerçekimi kuvvetleri için bir ifade haline genişletilebilir burada, hem yüzey ve cisim kuvvetleri muhasebeleştirilmektedir.

Aerodinamik hava (nedeniyle iç sürtünme kuvvetlerine) kesme stresi arasındaki doğrusal bir ilişki öne süren bir Newton tipi sıvı ve sıvı gerinme oranı olarak kabul edilir. Yukarıdaki denkleme göre bir vektör denklemi: üç boyutlu akışta, üç skaler denklem şu şekilde ifade edilebilir. Sıkıştırılabilir, viskoz akış durumu için momentum denklemlerinin korunumu Navier-Stokes denklemleri denir.

 Enerji korunumu: enerjinin bir formdan dönüştürülebilir, ancak, belirli bir kapalı bir sistem içinde, toplam enerji sabit kalır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Nanoakışkan

Kaynakça

Akışkanlar dinamiği


Die Eredivisie 1966/67 war die elfte Spielzeit der höchsten niederländischen Fußballliga. Sie begann am 14. August 1966 und endete am 22. Mai 1967.

Meister wurde zum zwölften Mal Ajax Amsterdam. Absteigen mussten VV Elinkwijk und Willem II Tilburg.

Modus
Die Liga wurde um zwei Vereine auf 18 Mannschaften aufgestockt. Diese spielten an insgesamt 34 Spieltagen aufgeteilt in einer Hin- und einer Rückrunde jeweils zwei Mal gegeneinander. Die letzten zwei Teams stiegen ab. Bei Punktgleichheit entschied der Torquotient über die Platzierung.

Abschlusstabelle

Platzierungskriterien: 1. Punkte – 2. Torquotient – 3. geschossene Tore

Kreuztabelle
Die Kreuztabelle stellt die Ergebnisse aller Spiele dieser Saison dar. Die Heimmannschaft ist in der linken Spalte aufgelistet und die Gastmannschaft in der obersten Reihe.

Die Meistermannschaft von Ajax Amsterdam
(In den Klammern hinter den Spielernamen werden die Anzahl der Einsätze und Tore der Meistersaison angegeben)

Torschützenliste

Weblinks
 Historie der Eredivisie (niederländisch)
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Einzelnachweise

Fußballsaison 1966/67

Eredivisie 1966/67


الانفصال  فيلم رومانسي كوميدي درامي صدر في عام 2006 من يونيفرسال بيكتشرز ببطولة فنسينت فوجن وجينيفر أنيستون. كتبه جيرمي جارلك وجاي لافندر وأخرجه بيتون ريد.

القصة
يتخاصم زوجان أحدهما غاري غير المسؤول (فنسينت فوجن) والأخرى بروك المتحكمة محبة الكمال (جينيفر أنيستون) الذين يعيشان في شيكاغو. كلاهما سعيد بمهنته، فغاري يعمل مرشدًا سياحيًا وبورك تعمل في معرض فني. ينفصل الزوجان في بداية الفيلم نتيجة لنقاش محتدم بسبب طبيعة غاري غير المبالية وحب بروك للكمال.

أسهمت خلفيتهما الاجتماعية في الافتراق، فغاري معجب بألعاب الفيديو ومتعصب لفريق شيكاغو ويريد أن يضع طاولة بلياردو في الصالة. في المقابل، بروك مهتمة بالفن وكثيرًا ما تجلب لوحاتها إلى المنزل. تحاول بروك أن تبقي على علاقتهما، إلا أن نقاشهما عن الصالة ينتهي ليصبح حربًا يسعى كل منها لأن يتغلب على الآخر بالخداع والكذب.

يتفقان في النهاية على أن ينفصلا وأن يتنازلا كليهما عن المنزل وأن يتشاركا ربح بيع ما فيها. تجد بروك مشتريًا يريد المنزل بعد أسبوعين فتخبر غاري. تدعو بروك غاري إلى حفلة غنائية كان قد اشترت تذاكرها قبل فترة لهما الاثنين، يوافق غاري على أن يلاقيها هناك، لكنه يتركها هناك وحيدة عمدًا ويذهب إلى أصدقائه. تحزن بروك على ذلك وتبكي في غرفتها. يحاول غاري لاحقًا استلطافها بأن يجهز لها عشاءً كمفاجأة إلا أنها ترفض فيتحتم انفصالهما، ويدرك غاري ما فقده.

يعود غاري إلى جولاته السياحية وإلى السفر حول العالم، وفي نهاية الفيلم يقابل بروك مصادفة في أحد شوارع شيكاغو فيتحدث معها قليلًا ثم يبتعدان عن بعضهما مبتسمين.

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أفلام كوميديا رومانسية درامية 2006
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أفلام كوميدية رومانسية في عقد 2000
أفلام كوميدية في 2006
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أفلام من إنتاج سكوت ستبر
أفلام يونيفرسال بيكتشرز

الانفصال (فيلم)


ආචාර්ය සිරිල් ඇන්ඩෲ පොන්නම්පෙරුම (1923 ඔක්තෝබර් 16 - 1994 දෙසැම්බර් 20) යනු ජීවයෙහි සම්භවය සෙවීම සඳහා පර්යේෂණ සිදු කළ ශ්‍රී ලංකානු විද්‍යාඥයෙකි. ඔහු වඩාත්ම ප්‍රසිද්ධ වූයේ ඇපලෝ වැඩසටහනෙන් රැගෙන ආ චන්ද්‍රයාගේ පස් නියැදියන් විශ්ලේෂණය කිරීම සඳහා ඔහුව තෝරාගැනීමෙන් පසුවය.

චරිතාපදානය
සිරිල් පොන්නම්පෙරුම 1923 ඔක්තෝබර් 16 වැනිදා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ගාල්ලේදී උපත ලැබීය. ගාල්ලේ ශාන්ත ඇලෝසියස් විද්‍යාලයෙන් සහ කොළඹ ශාන්ත ජෝසප් විද්‍යාලයෙන් මූලික අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබූ ඔහු 1948 දී ඉන්දියාවේ මද්‍රාස් වීශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙන් දර්ශනය පිළිබඳ ශාස්ත්‍රවේදී උපාධියක් ලබා ගත්තේය. පසුව එක්සත් රාජධානියට ගිය පොන්නම්පෙරුම 1959 දී ලන්ඩන් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙන් රසායන විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ විද්‍යාවේදී උපාධියක් ලබා ගත්තේය. ඒ සමයේදි ඔහුට ජීවයේ සම්භවය ගැන පර්යේෂණ සිදු කරමින් සිටි මහාචාර්ය ජේ.ඩී. බර්නාල් සමඟ වැඩ කිරීමට අවස්ථාවක් හිමිවිය. ඉන්පසු එක්සත් ජනපදයට ගිය ඔහු 1962 දී කැලිෆෝනියා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයෙන් රසායන විද්‍යාව සම්බන්ධයෙන් ආචාර්ය උපාධියක් ලබා ගත්තේය. ඒ නොබෙල් ත්‍යාගලාභී මෙල්වින් කැල්වින් ගේ මගපෙන්වීම ඔස්සේ ය.

1962 දී පොන්නම්පෙරුමට නාසා හි ඇමීස් පර්‍යේෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ තනතුරක් හිමිවූ අතර, 1963 දී ඔහු නාසාහි අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යා අංශයට එකතු විය. එහිදී අජීවජ්නන අංශයේ පාලනයට පත්වූ ඔහු, ඇපලෝ ව්‍යාපෘතියෙන් ගෙන ආ චන්ද්‍ර පස් නියැදි විශ්ලේෂණය කිරීම සඳහා ප්‍රධාන විමර්ශකයා ලෙස පත් කරනු ලැබීය. එයින් පසු, නාසා හි වයිකින් සහ වොයේජර් වැඩසටහන් සඳහා සම්බන්ධ වූ ඔහුට අභ්‍යවකාශ විද්‍යා උපදේශක සභාව සහ නාසා ආයතනයේ ජීව විද්‍යා උපදේශක සභාව යන දෙකෙහිම සාමාජිකත්වය ලබා දෙන ලදී.

ශ්‍රීමත් ආතර් සී. ක්ලාක් ට අනුව, "ඔහු තරම් ජාත්‍යන්තර ජනප්‍රියත්වයට සහ ගෞරවයට පාත්‍රවූ වෙනත් ශ්‍රී ලංකානු සම්භවයක් සහිත විද්‍යාඥයෙකු නොවන තරම්" ය. ඔහුගේ ජීවිත කාලය තුල පොන්නම්පෙරුම, විද්‍යාත්මක ප්‍රකාශන 400 කට වඩා නිෂ්පාදනය කරන ලද අතර කීර්තිමත් අධ්‍යයන තනතුරු කිහිපයක්ම හොබවන ලදි.

ඔහුගේ අධ්‍යයන කටයුතුවලදී ප්‍රධානවම අවධානය යොමු කළේ ජීවයේ සම්භවය සෙවීම ගැන වුවද චන්ද්‍රයාගේ පස් විශ්ලේෂණය කිරීම සඳහා ඔහු පත් කිරීමෙන් පසු පොන්නම්පෙරුමගේ නම සහ ඡායාරූප ලෝක ප්‍රසිද්ධ පුවත්පත් සහ සඟරාවල (Time සහ Newsweek ආදී) මුල් පිටුවල පළ විය.

චරිත කතා
විද්‍යාඥයෝ
1923 උපත්
1994 මරණ

සිරිල් පොන්නම්පෙරුම


Edge Side Includes oder ESI genannt, ist eine Auszeichnungssprache um Webseiten-Komponenten dynamisch zusammenzubauen und diese als fertige Seite auszuliefern. ESI ist ein Ansatz, um Skalierungsprobleme, die ein Webserver durch steigenden Verkehr bekommt, zu verhindern bzw. zu entschärfen.

Moderne Internetseiten bestehen häufig aus vielen Bausteinen mit unterschiedlicher Lebensdauer. Dies stellt Caching-Systeme vor völlig neue Aufgaben. Das Element einer Seite mit der kürzesten Lebensdauer bestimmt, wie lange sie im Cache gespeichert werden kann. Wird nun auf einer Seite mit vorwiegend statischen Inhalten ein dynamisches Element wie eine Mitteilungs-Box eingebunden, ist es nicht mehr sinnvoll, die Seite als Ganzes zu cachen, da die Mitteilungen zum Zeitpunkt der Zwischenspeicherung für die Lebensdauer des gecachten Elements statisch sind. Auf Caching zu verzichten würde jedoch bedeuten, dass sämtliche Inhalte der Seite mit jedem Aufruf neu zusammengebaut werden müssen, was sich auf die Rechenkosten und Auslieferungszeit der Seite auswirkt.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems hat eine Gruppe von Unternehmen (unter anderem Akamai, BEA Systems, Oracle Corporation) gemeinsam die ESI-Spezifikationen entwickelt und Version 1.0 der Spezifikation dem W3C im August 2001 zur Genehmigung vorgelegt, sie befindet sich derzeit im Status einer W3C NOTE.

ESI wird von einigen Content Delivery Networks (z. B. Akamai) und Proxy-Servern (z. B. Varnish, Squid und Mongrel) unterstützt. Während die meisten Proxy-Server häufig nur einen Teil der Spezifikation implementieren, hat Akamai weitere Features zu der von ihnen unterstützen Version hinzugefügt.

Wie wird ESI implementiert?
ESI Element Tags werden in HTML oder anderen textbasierten Inhalten während der Erstellung eingefügt. Die durch diesen Tag definierten Elemente werden jedoch nicht direkt dargestellt, sondern vom ESI-Prozessor als Befehle für bestimmte Aktionen interpretiert. Die XML basierten ESI Tags zeigen dem ESI-Agenten an, welche Aktionen durchgeführt werden müssen, damit die Seite vollständig geladen werden kann. Ein einfaches Beispiel eines ESI-Elements ist ein include tag, der externe Inhalte in die Seite einbindet. Ein ESI include-Tag könnte wie folgt aussehen:

<esi:include
src="http://example.com/1.html"
alt="http://bak.example.com/2.html"
onerror="continue"
/>

In diesem Beispiel würde der ESI-Prozessor versuchen die Quell-URL (src) aufzurufen, falls diese nicht erreichbar ist, wird die alternative URL (alt) verwendet. Wenn dies ebenfalls fehlschlägt wird das Element stillschweigend entfernt.

In Verbindung mit einem Proxycache-Server bietet ESI somit verschiedene Caching-Szenarien. Denkbar ist zum Beispiel, dass die aufgerufenen Dateien lokal zwischengespeichert werden und somit die Auslieferung dieser Inhalte beschleunigt wird. Alternativ kann auch die Seite, die die ESI-Tags einbettet, gecacht werden und lediglich die Inhalte, die über ESI geladen werden, werden bei jedem Aufruf neu angefragt. Dies erlaubt unterschiedliche Caching-Zeiten für ein und dieselbe Webseite oder unterschiedliche Grade der Personalisierung.

Features
Die ESI-Spezifikation beschreibt unter anderem vier Hauptfeatures:
 Inklusion
 Variablen
 Bedingungen
 Fehlerbehandlung

Neben dem oben beschriebenen Einfügen von Seitenfragmenten per include können Variablen in ESI-Statements verwendet werden, die aus bestimmten HTTP-Headern (Accept-Language, Host, Referer, User-Agent), einem übermittelten Cookie oder einem Query-String (URL-Parameter) stammen. Diese Variablen sind schreibgeschützt und können in logischen Ausdrücken verwendet werden, um Inhalte abhängig von bestimmten Bedingungen zu laden. Die Fehlerbehandlung error handling erfolgt durch das onerror-Attribut, welches es erlaubt, darauf zu reagieren, dass die Original-Quelle nicht erreichbar ist, und statt eines HTTP-Statuscodes wie 404 eine alternative URL verwendet, um das Element zu laden, oder es aus der Ausgabe entfernt (siehe obiges Beispiel).

Alternativen
Die Hauptalternative zu ESI besteht darin, das Zusammenfügen der Seiten bereits auf dem Webserver durch z. B. Server Side Includes und viele Arten von Server Side Scripting vorzunehmen, oder durch das Verwenden des Client Side Scripting des Browsers und Techniken wie Ajax.

Weblinks
 Akamai's ESI developer resources
 W3C Note "ESI Language Specification 1.0"

Einzelnachweise

Beschreibungssprache

Edge Side Includes


An Disa vogelpoelii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Hans Peter Linder, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Bytebier. An Disa vogelpoelii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Disa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Disa

Disa vogelpoelii


Ajam Boujarari Mohammed (født 3. april 1961) er en tidligere marokkansk fodboldspiller og træner.

Han har tidligere trænet Shonan Bellmare.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Marokko

Ajam Boujarari Mohammed


Lucille Désirée Ball, þekktust sem Lucy Ball (6. ágúst 1911 – 26. apríl 1989), var bandarísk leikkona, grínisti og framleiðandi. Hún var tilnefnd til 13 Primetime Emmy-verðlauna, vann þau fimm sinnum, og hlaut nokkrar aðrar viðurkenningar, svo sem Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille-verðlaunin og tvær stjörnur á Hollywood Walk of Fame. Ball vann til margra viðurkenninga, þar á meðal Crystal Award fyrir konur í kvikmyndum, inngöngu í Television Hall of Fame, Lifetime Achievement Award frá Kennedy-sviðslistamiðstöðinni og Governors Award frá Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.

Ferill Ball hófst árið 1929 þegar hún fékk vinnu sem fyrirsæta. Stuttu síðar hóf hún leikferil á Broadway undir sviðsnafninu Diane (eða Dianne) Belmont. Hún lék síðan í kvikmyndum á fjórða og fimmta áratugnum sem samningsbundin leikkona hjá RKO Radio Pictures, þar sem hún var ráðin sem dansari eða í svipuðum hlutverkum, með aðalhlutverk í B-myndum og aukahlutverk í A-myndum. Á þessum tíma hitti hún kúbverska hljómsveitarstjórann Desi Arnaz og þau giftu sig á laun í nóvember 1940. Á sjötta áratugnum fór Ball að leika í sjónvarpi, þar sem hún og Arnaz bjuggu til gamanþættina I Love Lucy. Ball eignaðist sitt fyrsta barn, Lucie, árið 1951, og Desi Arnaz Jr. árið 1953. Ball og Arnaz skildu í mars 1960 og hún giftist grínistanum Gary Morton árið 1961.

Ball framleiddi og lék aðalhlutverk í Broadway-söngleiknum Wildcat frá 1960 til 1961. Árið 1962 varð Ball fyrsta konan sem sá um rekstur á stóru sjónvarpsstúdíói, Desilu Productions, sem framleiddi marga vinsæla sjónvarpsþætti á borð við Mission: Impossible og Star Trek. Eftir Wildcat hóf Ball aftur samstarf við Vivian Vance, meðleikkonu hennar í þáttunum I Love Lucy, í The Lucy Show. Vance hætti í þáttunum árið 1965, en þeir héldu áfram, með Gale Gordon, til 1968. Ball hóf strax að leika í nýrri þáttaröð, Here's Lucy, með Gordon, Mary Jane Croft og Lucie og Desi Jr. Sú þáttaröð hélt áfram til 1974.

Ball hætti aldrei alveg að leika og árið 1985 tók hún að sér dramatískt hlutverk í sjónvarpsmyndinni Stone Pillow. Næsta ár lék hún í Life with Lucy, sem var, ólíkt öðrum gamanþáttum hennar, ekki vel tekið. Framleiðslu þáttanna var hætt eftir þrjá mánuði. Hún lék í kvikmyndum og sjónvarpshlutverkum það sem eftir var ferils síns þar til hún lést í apríl 1989 úr ósæðargúlp í kviðarholi og æðakölkun, 77 ára að aldri.

Tilvísanir

Bandarískar leikkonur
Bandarískir framleiðendur
Bandarískt dagskrárgerðarfólk
Bandarískir kommúnistar
Fólk dáið árið 1989
Fólk fætt árið 1911

Lucille Ball


القرفة اليابانية أو دارصيني اليابان نوع نبات من جنس الدارصيني، اسمه العلمي (.Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb أو Cinnamomum pedunculatum Nees).
هي شجرة صغيرة أو متوسطة الحجم، يصل طولها 15 متراً (49 قدماً) وتعيش في اليابان وكوريا وتايوان وشرق الصين، تحديداً في مقاطعات أنهوي وفوجيان وجيانغسو وجيانغخو وجيجيانغ). وهي في الصين تحت الحماية الوطنية من الدرجة الثانية

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 الدارصيني.

أشجار الصين
أشجار اليابان
أشجار كوريا
أنواع القائمة الحمراء غير المهددة
بهارات
قرفة
نباتات تايوان
نباتات طبية

قرفة يابانية


المواطن جي مسلسل عراقي نقلنا إلى أماكن مختلفة في العراق المحتل وخيام المهجرين وبيوتات ومدن المنفى في سوريا.وفي إطار الواقع اليومي للعراقيين والصورة القاتمة واقع أفرزته الظروف وحياة وقضايا متطلبات وسلوكية الناس وتصرفاتهم والعلاقة بينهم بسبب المرحلة من الناحية السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية.

الممثلون
 خليل إبراهيم
 فوزية حسن
 سوران علي شريف
 ريام الجزائري
 مناضل داود
 أياد حامد
 كريم محسن
 سعد محسن
 هديل كامل
 سليمة خضير
 راسم الجميلي
 محسن العزاوي

ونخبة من الفنانين السوريين

 بسام دكاك
 عبد الجليل ال يحيى
 باسل فتال
 سلوى عمر
 أحمد السعدي
 جلال السعدي

الكاتب

 فلاح شاكر

المخرج

 عدنان إبراهيم.

ساهم في أسبوع تلفاز

مسلسلات تلفزيونية عراقية

المواطن جي


FA Premier liga 2015./16. je bila 24. sezona engleske nogometne Premier lige. Započela je 8. kolovoza 2015., a završila 15. svibnja 2016. godine. U njoj se dvokružnim sustavom natjecalo 20 momčadi, koje je sačinjavalo 17 najbolje plasiranih momčadi iz prethodne sezone 2014./15. i 3 momčadi promaknute iz Championship lige - Bournemouth, Watford i Norwich City. Prvenstvo je s 81 bodom osvojio Leicester City, po prvi puta u svojoj 132-godišnjoj povijesti.

Momčadi i stadioni

Poredak na kraju sezone

Najbolji strijelci lige

Najbolji asistenti lige

Nagrade

Momčad sezone (u formaciji 4–4–2)

Izvori

Sezone FA Premier lige

FA Premier liga 2015./16.


Un champ magnétique tournant (en anglais , abrégé parfois RMF et parfois appelé en français simplement champ tournant) est le champ magnétique résultant produit par un système de bobines placées symétriquement et alimentées par des courants polyphasés. Un champ magnétique tournant peut être produit par un courant polyphasé (deux phases ou plus) ou par un courant monophasé à condition que, dans ce dernier cas, deux enroulements de champ soient conçus et alimentés de telle sorte que les deux champs magnétiques résultants ainsi générés soient déphasés

Les champs magnétiques tournants sont souvent utilisés pour des applications électromécaniques, telles que les machines électriques synchrones et asynchrones.

Notes et références

Dispositif électromagnétique
Rotation en physique et mécanique

Champ magnétique tournant


Antigona, Arnavutluk'un Ergiri iline bağlı Ergiri belediyesinde bulunan bir köy ve idari birimdir. Nüfusu 2011 yılı itibarı ile 998'dir.

Antigona idari birimi Arshi, Lengo, Asim, Zeneli, Krina, Saraqinisht ve Tranoshisht köylerinden oluşmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Arnavutluk'taki yerleşim birimleri

Antigona


Vitória Brasil es un municipio brasileño del estado de São Paulo. La ciudad tiene una población de 1.737 habitantes (IBGE/2010) y un área de 49,7 km². Vitória Brasil pertenece a la Microrregión de Jales.

Geografía
Se localiza a una latitud 20º11'48" Sur y a una longitud 50º29'04" Oeste, estando a una altitud de 505 metros.

Hidrografía
 Río del Veadão
 Río del Desengano
 Río del Marañón
 Río de la Helena
 Río del Cedro

Carreteras
 SP-463 - Elieser Montenegro Magalhães

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2010

Población total: 1.737
 Urbana: 1.435
 Rural: 302
 Hombres: 891
 Mujeres: 846

Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 34,95

Administración
 Prefecto: Eliseu Alves de la Costa(2009/2012)
 Viceprefecto: Barcinho Ormaneze
 Presidente de la cámara: Fernando Chiarelli Nieto (2010/2011)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de São Paulo

Vitória Brasil


An Peristeria in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Peristeria in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Peristeria

Peristeria