Family - මිශෙල් දිල්හාරා

උමයංගනා වික්‍රමසිංහ (1980 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 24) යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජනප්‍රිය ටෙලිනාට්‍ය හා චිත්‍රපට රංගන ශිල්පිණියකි.

මුල් අවදිය
1980 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 24 වනදා උපත ලත් උමයංගනා, සිය අධ්‍යාපන කටයුතු මිලාගිරිය ශාන්ත පාවුලු බාලිකා විද්‍යාලයෙන් හදාරණ ලදී.

වෘත්තීය දිවිය

මුල් අවස්ථාවේදී ටීවී දෙරණ නාලිකාවේ ප්‍රවෘත්ති ඉදිරිපත් කරන්නියක ලෙස සිය වෘත්තීය දිවිය ආරම්භ කල උමයංගනා, සිය රංගනයෙන් දායක වූ පළමු ටෙලිනාට්‍ය වූවේ සුදත් රෝහණ මහතා විසින් අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කරන ලද කටු ඉඹුල ටෙලිනාට්‍යයයි. පසුව සුන්දරයි ප්‍රේමය සහ ඉතිං ඊට පස්සේ වැනි රූපවාහිනී ටෙලිනාට්‍ය ගණනාවකටම සිය රංගනය එකතු කල උමයංගනා, 2012 වර්ෂයේදී ඩෙන්සිල් ජයවීරගේ 'වස්සානේ සෙනෙහස' චිත්‍රපටියේ රඟපාමින්, ශ්‍රී ලාංකික රිදී තිරයටද පා තබන ලදී.

2010 සුමති ටෙලි සම්මාන උළෙලේදී ඇය, ජනප්‍රියම ටෙලිනාට්‍ය නිළිය සඳහා වූ සුමති සම්මානය හිමිකර ගත්තාය.

රංගනයන්

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
උමයංගනා වික්‍රමසිංහ ඇට් ද ශ්‍රී ලංකා නැෂනල් ෆිල්ම් කෝපරේෂන්
උමයංගනා වික්‍රමසිංහ ඇට් ද සිංහල සිනමා ඩේටා බේස්

1980 උපත්

උමයංගනා වික්‍රමසිංහ


اختبار برينل للصلادة : هو أحد الطرق أو الاختبارات المستخدمة لقياس صلادة مادة، ابتكره المهندس السويدي جون أغسطس برينل، تتلخص طريقة الاختبار في ضغط كرة من الفولاذ المصلد، أو كرة مصنعة من مادة كربيدات التنجستن الملبد، على عينة نظيفة مستوية من المادة المراد اختبار صلادتها. يفضل في هذا الاختبار ألا يقل سمك العينة عن 10 أمثال عمق الأثر (العلامة التي تتركها الكرة في العينة).

عادة ما تستخدم كرة من الفولاذ المصلد قطرها 10 مم كمادة خارقة (تسمى الخارق)، مع حمل 3000 ث.كجم، لكن حجم هذا الخارق لا يصلح في حال العينات الرقيقة؛ لذا تستخدم كرة قطرها 5 مم، كما تستخدم الأحمال 1500 ث.كجم، و500 ث.كم مع العينات الأقل صلادة. تستبدل كرة الفولاذ بأخرى من كربيدات التنجستن في حالة المواد الأكثر صلادة.

بعد إجراء الاختبار يتم تعيين قطر الأثر، ثم حساب الصلادة من العلاقة:

BHN رقم برينل للصلادة
P الحمل بالكيلو جرام
D قطر الكرة المستخدمة كخارق بالملليمتر
d قطر الأثر على سطح العينة بالملليمتر

نتائج الاختبار

عند ذكر نتيجة اختبار برينل يجب ذكر نوع مادة الكرة وقطرها والقوة المؤثرة التي أدت إلى الحصول على هذه النتائج، وتوجد اختصارات للدلالة على نوع مادة الكرة ف HBW تدل على ان الكرة المستخدمة في الاختبار من مادة تنجستين كربيد و HBS ندل على ان المادة المستخدمة مصنعة من الصلب. وعندما تكون ظروف اختبار HBW 20/3000 فهذا معناه عند استخدام كرة مصنعة من مادة التنجستين كربيد بقطر 20 ملي متر وقوة تقدر ب 3000 كيلو جرام ثقلى.

انظر أيضاً
اختبار روكويل للصلادة

مراجع

أعداد لابعدية
اختبارات الصلادة
اختبارات المعادن
مقاييس
ميكانيكا المواد الصلبة

اختبار برينل للصلادة


Buhølen er en landsby i  Lindesnes kommune i Vest-Agder fylke i Norge, som ligger ca. 5 kilometer nord for kommunecenteret Vigeland. Buhølen var tidligere udskibningssted for tøndestave fra gårdene i Audnedalen, som her blev omlastet til flodpramme som tog lasten ned af Audna. Buhølen var tidligere  et aktivt centrum med  butikker, blandt andet slagter, bageri, sybutik og telefoncentral.

Vigeland er den nærmeste større by mod syd, med godt tusind indbyggere, og Vigmostad er en mindre by mod nord.

Seværdigheder
Melhusfossen

Litteratur
Nøkland, Gunlaug: Buhølen og heiene omkring (2 bind), Lindesnes kommune 2009

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Bustider til fra Buhølen  fra Agder Kollektivtrafikk AS
 Foto fra Buhølen på Lindesnes Bygdemuseums foto på Flickr

Lindesnes kommune

Buhølen


Surove Strasti su podcast započet u studenom 2017. s prosjekom objavljivanja od jedne epizode tjedno. Glavni format podcasta je intervju kojeg dva voditelja, Saša Tenodi i Ivan Voras,  vode s jednim ili dva gosta. Tema podcasta je "business & lifestyle", a najčešći su gosti podcasta poduzetnici iz Hrvatske i regije.

Surove Strasti su do lipnja 2021. godine objavile intervjue s više od 260 gostiju.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Surove Strasti, službene mrežne stranice
 Klik.hr – Surove Strasti

Internet u Hrvatskoj

Surove Strasti


U računarstvu i računalnom programiranju tip podatka svojstvo je podatka (često varijabli) koje kompilatoru ili interpreteru pruža informaciju o tome što će se s navedenim podatkom raditi, kakve će operacije biti dopušteno vršiti nad podatkom, na koji će se način podatak spremati i što podatak predstavlja.

Tipovi podataka dijele se na primitivne i složene.

Primitivni tipovi podataka
Primitivni su tipovi podataka oni koje programski jezik zadano podržava. U većini jezika takvi se tipovi ne mogu proširivati ni redefinirati, a njihovi se operatori ne mogu preopterećivati.

Klasični primitivni tipovi podatka obično su:

 boolean - sadrži vrijednost računalne točnosti ili pogrešnosti (obično bitovi 1 ili 0)
 cijeli broj (integer) - sadrži brojeve bez decimala obično unutar vrijednosnih ograničenja
 decimalni broj s pomičnom točkom (float) - sadrži decimalni broj jednostruke preciznosti koji obično ima stalan broj ukupnih znamenki
 znak - sadrži jedan grafem ili simbol
 string - sadrži niz znakova, obično ograničen maks. duljinom ili znakom

Primitivni tipovi podataka mogu uključivati i složene (kompozitne) tipove za koje jezik zadano pruža podršku. Kao primjer, C ne poznaje tip podatka string, i nema definirane operacije sa stringovima. C# pruža ugrađenu podršku za tip string, no sam tip je definiran kao kompozitni tip sastavljen od niza znakova (tip char). JavaScript zadano podržava tip string i operacije sa stringovima, i smatra stringove primitivnim tipom podatka.

Boolean
Tip podatka boolean ili bool je logički tip koji obično sadrži vrijednosti true ili false (obično predstavljen brojčanim zapisom 1 ili 0, respektivno). Iako je za zapis boolean vrijednosti dovoljan jedan bit memorije, neki programski jezici koriste više od toga. Npr. u JavaScriptu, boolean često zauzima 4 bajta na 32-bitnim platformama, i 8 bajtova na 64-bitnim platformama, zbog načina alokacije memorije na takvim sustavima.

Neki jezici također dopuštaju implicitno pretvaranje boolean tipa u cijeli broj. Rane implementacije jezika C nisu imale zasebno definiran tip boolean, već se brojčana vrijednost 0 uzimala kao logička laž (false), a bilo koja druga brojčana vrijednost kao logička istina (true). Standard jezika C imena C99 uvodi boolean kao zaseban tip podatka i dio biblioteke stdbool.h. Jezik C++ podržava bool kao ugrađeni tip podatka, a riječi "true" i "false" su rezervirane i mogu se koristiti samo u te svrhe.

Brojevni tipovi podataka
Svaki numerički tip podatka ima definiranu gornju i donju vrijednosnu granicu, odnosno raspon brojeva koje može prikazati. Spremanje ili prikaz brojeva van tog raspona može dovesti do pogreške pri kompilaciji, ili do neispravnog spremanja ili obrade podatka, ovisno o programskome jeziku. Vrijednosna granica je obično određena veličinom memorije koja je odvojena za spremanje tog tipa podatka (obično je gornja granica 2n gdje je n broj bitova korišten za spremanje tog podatka). Neki jezici također rezerviraju jedan bit za predznak broja, što smanjuje raspon vrijednosti takvog tipa podatka. Decimalni tipovi podataka uvelike se razlikuju u načinu spremanja vrijednosti i preciznosti istih, koje najčešće ovise o definiciji samog programskog jezika.

Niže je primjer brojevnih tipova i njihovih raspona u jeziku C++:

Kompozitni tipovi

Znak
Znak (char) je tip podatka koji može sadržavati jedno slovo, broj, simbol, interpunkcijski znak, kontrolni znak ili kakav drugi specijalizirani znak. Jezik C definira znak kao najmanji dodjeljivi dio memorije, obično veličine 8 bitova (1 bajt). Neki jezici imaju dodatnu podjelu znakova po veličini bajtova koje zauzimaju: jednobajtni tipovi prihvaćaju sve znakove u ASCII tablici, dok dvobajtni tipovi prihvaćaju sve Unicode znakove. Neki jezici visoke razine (Python, Ruby) nemaju zaseban tip podatka za char, već koriste stringove veličine 1.

Znak može sadržavati broj, no znak neće imati istu numeričku vrijednost kao broj. Numerička vrijednost broja 5 je 5, dok je numerička vrijednost znaka "5" jednaka broju 53 (jer je znak za broj 5 u ASCII tablici 53. po redu). Operacija "5"+5 (nakon implicitne pretvorbe znaka "5" u broj 53) vratit će rezultat 58. Ovakva je pretvorba tipova podataka (cast) u jezicima poput C-a prihvatljiva, dok će u drugima izazvati pogrešku.

JavaScript ovakve konverzije prihvaća, ali rezultat operacija su ponekad neočekivani:
> 2+2
4

>"2" + "2"
22

>2+2-2
2

>"2"+"2"-"2"
20

>("2"+"2")-"2"
20

>"2"+("2"-"2")
20

String
Više slijednih znakova čini string. Stringovi se obično koriste kao podatkovna reprezentacija riječi ili teksta. Programski jezici koji nemaju podršku za stringove, umjesto istih koriste nizove (polja) znakova. Takva su polja često imutabilna. Stringovi se često delimitiraju navodnicima ili jednostrukim apostrofima.

Stringovi također mogu sadržavati brojeve (čime čine brojčani string, npr. "1234"), no takvi stringovi nisu jednaki broju koji string predstavlja, a matematičke operacije između brojčanih stringova i brojeva (npr. "12"+28) izazvat će pogrešku (neće doći do implicitne pretvorbe tipova podataka).

Među programskim jezicima postoje razlike u implementaciji i obradi stringova. Najjednostavniji način je stvaranje niza (polja) znakova (ponekad ograničenih fiksnom veličinom), i označavanje kraja stringa posebnim delimiterom, često znakom znakom NUL (\0). Ovakav se string naziva "null-terminated string", ponegdje i C string (ovakav način rada koristi jezik C). Problem s ovakvom implementacijom javlja se ako string prekorači veličinu svog spremnika (ako je isti fiksne veličine):

Ako se dogodi prekoračenje veličine (buffer overflow), program će nastaviti čitati susjednu memoriju dok ne naiđe na znak \0, što može dovesti do pogrešaka u radu, naročito ako program pokuša pristupiti memoriji koju nema pravo čitati. Operacijski sustav takve programe može srušiti kao mjeru prevencije štete.

Neki programski jezici (C++ i Java) koriste \0 za kraj stringova, no unutar standardnih biblioteka imaju definirane zasebne klase za obradu i spremanje stringova koji sprječavaju problem prekoračenja veličine (obično alokacijom dodatne memorije po potrebi). C++ za tu svrhu koristi klasu std::string, dok Java koristi Java.lang.String.

Među jezicima također postoji razlika u mogućnosti naknadne promjene sadržaja varijabli tipa string. Stringovi kojima nije moguće promijeniti veličinu ni sadržaj zovu se imutabilni (immutable). Za promjenu sadržaja imutabilnog stringa potrebno je direktno mijenjati računalnu memoriju (npr. C funkcijom memcpy, pri čemu treba iznimno paziti na problem prekoračenja veličine i prepisivanja susjedne memorije ako je novi string veći od spremnika). Sigurniji način rada s imutabilnim stringovima je deklaracija nove varijable ili objekta koji sadrži vrijednost novog stringa. Jezici poput JavaScripta, Lue i Pythona koriste konstante (imutabilne) stringove. Promjenjive stringove koriste npr. C++, Perl i Ruby.

Ostali tipovi

Pokazivači

Pokazivač ili referenca je tip objekta koji sprema memorijsku adresu neke varijable, konstante ili objekta. U proceduralnom programiranju, pokazivači spremaju podatak o točki ulaska u potprogram. Također se koriste za povezivanje programa i vanjskih resursa, poput DLL biblioteka (tad se nazivaju handle). Pokazivači dopuštaju čitanje i promjenu varijable na koju pokazuju. Dodjela memorijske adrese pokazivaču naziva se referenciranje. Pristup ili promjena vrijednosti varijable na dodijeljenoj adresi naziva se dereferenciranje.

Neki programski jezici podržavaju više različitih tipova pokazivača. C++ u sklopu biblioteke memory pruža pristup različitim tipovima tzv. pametnih pokazivača, originalno osmišljenim kao zamjena za garbage collector kojim jezici poput C# i Jave automatski upravljaju memorijom i objektima. C++ podržava:
 auto_ptr: svaki pametni pokazivač tog tipa isključivi je vlasnik jednog dinamički alociranog objekta. Drugi pokazivač ovog tipa referenciran na isti objekt semantikom kopiranja (pozivom kopirnog konstruktora) preuzima vlasništvo nad objektom, čime prvi pokazivač postaje nedefiniran (pokazuje na memorijsku lokaciju na kojoj se objekt više ne nalazi). Uvođenjem unique_ptr, ovaj tip pokazivača ulazi u zastaru i nije ga preporučljivo koristiti.
 unique_ptr: dopušta preuzimanje vlasništva nad objektom samo pomoću semantike prijenosa (pozivom prijenosnog konstruktora), čime se prvi pokazivač automatski postavlja na vrijednost NULL, što sprječava nedefinirana ponašanja.
 shared_ptr: stvaranjem ovog tipa pokazivača stvara se kontrolni objekt koji automatski prati koliko drugih shared_ptr i weak_ptr pokazivača koristi alocirani objekt. Nakon što svi shared_ptr pokazivači prestanu pokazivati na objekt, objekt se dealocira iz memorije (uništava). Kontrolni objekt postoji dok god postoji weak_ptr koji pokazuje na objekt (neovisno postoji li objekt ili je uništen). Kontrolni se objekt uništava tek kad brojač weak_ptr pokazivača padne na nulu.
 weak_ptr: ovaj tip pokazivača dopušta uništavanje objekta iako postoje pokazivači na njega. Koristi se za sprječavanje kružnih ovisnosti objekata (A->B->C->A).

Funkcijski tip
U novijim programskim jezicima koji teže modelu univerzalne obrade podataka, funkcije je moguće proslijediti kao argumente drugim funkcijama (jezici koji to podržavaju kažemo da podržavaju funkcije prve klase). Klasično se samo podatci mogu slati kao argumenti funkcijama, pa je u svrhe facilitacije prvoklasnih funkcija uveden funkcijski tip podatka koji omogućava ovakve interakcije.

Niže je dan prikaz sintakse funkcijskog tipa nekolicine programskih jezika, uz primjer deklaracije funkcije koja omogućuje matematičku kompoziciju: f(g(x)), gdje se rezultat funkcije g uzima kao argument pri izračunu funkcije f. Parametarski polimorfizam vrsta je ad-hoc polimorfizma, što je osnova generičkog programiranja, koje omogućava pisanje tzv. funkcijskih predložaka koje jednako rade neovisno o tipu podatka koji prime.

Ako gledamo potpis funkcije u npr. jeziku C#, tip funkcije  je zapravo Func<Func<A,B>,Func<B,C>,Func<A,C>>.

Nulabilni tip
Nulabilni tipovi mogućnost su nekih programskih jezika koji dopuštaju da se vrijednost neke varijable postavi na posebnu vrijednost NULL umjesto dozvoljenih vrijednosti toga podatkovnog tipa. Vrijednost NULL obično predstavlja vrijednost koja nedostaje ili je neispravna (primjerice izvan očekivanog raspona). U određenim jezicima, primjerice C#, primitivni tipovi podataka obično ne mogu poprimiti NULL vrijednost, ali pripadajući nulabilni tip (primjerice Nullable Integer  - int?) može. Znak ? nakon deklaracije tipa podatka čini tip nulabilnim, odnosno sposobnim poprimiti vrijednost NULL.

Varijabla tipa Boolean može imati vrijednost istina ili laž, dok nulabilni Boolean dodaje i mogućnost predodžbe neodlučene ili nedefinirane vrijednosti.

Pokazivači i reference smiju se uvijek postaviti na vrijednost NULL neovisno o tipu, što označava da referenca ne vodi nikamo, nema dodijeljenu memorijsku adresu i nije vezana uz objekt.

Pokušaj izvođenja matematičkih i logičkih operacija nad varijablama koje su postavljene na NULL rezultirat će pogreškom te izbacivanjem iznimke (obično vrste InvalidOperation) ili padom programa.

Pokušaj dereferenciranja pokazivača ili pristupanje vrijednostima ili svojstvima varijable ili objekta koji su postavljeni na NULL rezultirat će padom programa zbog pokušaja pristupa nedozvoljenoj ili nepostojećoj memoriji (segmentacijska pogreška). Neki jezici, poput Jave, Lispa ili C# koriste sakupljanje smeća, što će izbjeći direktnu segmentacijsku pogrešku ali će baciti iznimku klasnog tipa NullPointerException koja može dovesti do pada programa. Jezik C++ podržava eksplicitno bacanje ručno stvorenih iznimki, no pokušaj pristupa NULL vrijednosti smatra se neodređenim ponašanjem, pa će program pasti bez iznimke.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Sestrinski projekti

Pohranjivanje podataka
Konstrukti u programiranju

Tip podatka (računarstvo)


Mændenes øvelser på gulv under sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro fandt sted d. 14. august 2016 i HSBC Arena.

Gulv (herrer)

Gymnastik under sommer-OL 2016 – Gulv (herrer)


Madelung-konstanten kan anvendes til at finde elektrostatisk potential for en enkelt ion i en krystal. Den er opkaldt efter den tyske fysiker Erwin Madelung.

Fordi anioner og kationer i en ionisk forbindelse er tiltrukket til hinanden på grund af deres modsatte ladninger, kræves der en vis energimængde for at skille ionerne. Denne energi skal tilføres systemet for at bryde anion-kation-bindingerne. Energien, der skal til for at bryde disse bindinger for 1 mol af et ionisk stof under standardbetingelser er gitterenergien.

Fodnoter

Kemi

Madelungkonstanten


Ryan Jensen, né le 27 mai 1991 à Rangely au Colorado, est un joueur américain de football américain qui évolue au poste de centre. Il joue pour les Buccaneers de Tampa Bay dans la National Football League (NFL).

Biographie

Carrière universitaire

Carrière professionnelle

Ravens de Baltimore
Il est sélectionné par les Ravens de Baltimore au sixième tour, en tant que  joueur sélectionné, lors de la draft 2013 de la NFL.

Buccaneers de Tampa Bay
Le , il signe un contrat de 4 ans et 42 millions de dollars avec les Buccaneers de Tampa Bay, ce qui fait de lui le centre le mieux payé dans la NFL. Il était le centre des Buccaneers lorsqu'ils ont gagné le Super Bowl LV, le 7 février 2021.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1991
Naissance dans le comté de Rio Blanco
Joueur américain de football américain
Centre (football américain)
Choix de draft des Buccaneers de Tampa Bay
Joueur des Buccaneers de Tampa Bay
Joueur vainqueur du Super Bowl
Joueur sélectionné au Pro Bowl

Ryan Jensen


في 601 قبل الميلاد السنة الرابعة من حكم نبوخذنصر ملك بابل حاول احتلال مصر وفشل وتكبد خسائر جسيمة مما أدى لثورة عدة دول في بلاد الشام كانت خاضعة له منها مملكة يهودا التي توقف ملكها يهوياقيم عن دفع الجزية لنبوخذ نصر. حسب سجل الأخبار البابلية حاصر نبوخذ نصر القدس وسقطت في الثاني من آذار (مارس 16) في 587 قبل الميلاد.

أخرج نبوخذنصر ممتلكات القدس وجميع خزائن الهيكل ونفى الملك الجديد وحاشيته والأعيان مع قسم كبير من سكان المملكة يصل عددهم عشرة آلاف إلى بابل منهم حزقيال ودانيل. حسب الكتاب المقدس لم يبق أحد إلا فقراء الأرض. هذا السبي البابلي موصوف في العهد القديم

المصدر
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(597_BC)

حروب اسرائيل القديمة
597 ق م
مملكة مملكة يهوذا في القرن 6 ق م
تاريخ القدس
معارك البابليين
معارك في الكتاب العبري
نبوخذ نصر الثاني
نزاعات في القرن 6 ق م
حصارات القدس

حصار القدس (597 قبل الميلاد)


Erik van Rossum (født 27. marts 1963) er en tidligere hollandsk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Verdy Kawasaki.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Holland

Erik van Rossum


Rubens Sevilha OCD (* 29. September 1959 in Tarabaí) ist ein brasilianischer Ordensgeistlicher und römisch-katholischer Bischof von Bauru.

Leben
Rubens Sevilha trat der Ordensgemeinschaft der Unbeschuhten Karmeliten am 3. Februar 1980 bei, legte die Profess am 24. März 1984 ab und empfing am 19. Oktober 1985 die Priesterweihe.

Papst Benedikt XVI. ernannte ihn am 21. Dezember 2011 zum Titularbischof von Idassa und zum Weihbischof in Vitória. Die Bischofsweihe spendete ihm der Erzbischof von Vitória, Luiz Mancilha Vilela SSCC, am 18. März des nächsten Jahres; Mitkonsekratoren waren Gil Antônio Moreira, Erzbischof von Juiz de Fora, und Tarcísio Scaramussa SDB, Weihbischof in São Paulo. Als Wahlspruch wählte er TRANSIVIT BENEFACIENDO.

Papst Franziskus ernannte ihn am 28. März 2018 zum Bischof von Bauru.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Bischof von Bauru
Römisch-katholischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Titularbischof
Weihbischof
Karmelit (OCD)
Brasilianer
Geboren 1959
Mann

Rubens Sevilha


Kara-Köl (en kirghize :  et en ) est une ville du Kirghizistan dans la province de Djalal-Abad. Sa population s'élevait à  habitants en 2021.

Notes et références

Annexe

Ville au Kirghizistan

Kara-Köl


පුනරුද සමයේ සොයාගත් දෑ
1.උතුරු තරු මාපකය

2.මාලිමාව

3.ලෝකය ගෝලාකාර බව තහවුරු වීම

4.ටොලමිගේ ලෝක සිතියම

දේශ ගවේෂණය
දේශ ගවේෂණය යනු ලෝක ඉතිහාසය තුළ සිදු වූ සුවිශේෂී සිදුවීමකි. එමෙන්ම මානව සංහතියේ තවත් එක් ජයග්‍රහණයකි. මෙමඟින් බොහෝ රාජ්‍යයන්, ප්‍රදේශයන් මෙන්ම ගංඟා, බොතු, වනාන්තර ආදි එතෙක් ලොවට අනාවරණය නොවී තිබූ බොහෝමයක් ස්ථාන ලොවට අනාවරණය කිරීමට හැකිවිය. දේශ ගවේෂණය තුළින් විවිධ ජාතීන් අතර තිබූ සංස්කෘතීන් හුවමාරු වීමක් ද සිදු වූ අතර එය යහපත්ව මෙන්ම ඇතැම් විටෙක අයහපත්ව ද සිදු වී ඇත.

කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපලය වැදගත් වීම
ආසියාවේ මුස්ලිම් වෙළෙන්දන් විසින් ගෙන එන ලද වෙළෙඳ භාණ්ඩ කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපල් නගරයේ දී ඉතාලි වෙළෙන්දන් විසින් මිලට ගන්නා ලදී. පසුව එම භාණ්ඩ තවලම් මඟින් යුරෝපය පුරා බෙදා හැර ඇත.
නමුත් 1453 දී කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපල් නගරය ඔටෝමන් තුර්කි මුස්ලිම්වරුන්ට  යටත් වීමත් සමඟ මධ්‍යධරණී මුහුද  ඔස්සේ පෙරඅපර දෙදිග අතර පැවති ගොඩබිම් වෙළෙඳ මාර්ග වැසී ගිය අතර ඉන් වෙළෙදාමට බාධා සිදුවිය. තුර්කිවරුන් අල්ලාගත් භානඩ වල මිල ඉහල දැමීම, තීරු ගාස්තු වැඩි කිරීම හා අත්‍යාවශ්‍ය වෙලද ද්‍රව්‍ය කලට වේලාවට නොසැපයීම වැනි බාධා එල්ල විය. එමනිසා කුලුබඩු සොය ආසියාවට පැමිනීමට යුරෝපීයයන්ට සිදු විය.්

එකල පැවති ප්‍රධාන වෙළෙඳ මධ්‍යස්ථාන
 කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපලය
 ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩ්‍රියාව
 ෆ්ලොරන්ස්
 වෙනීසිය
 ජිනෝවා

දේශ ගවේෂණයට බලපෑ ආසන්නම හේතුව
1453 දී ඔටෝමන් තුර්කි මුස්ලිම්වරැන් විසින් නැගෙනහිර රෝමයේ අගනුවර වූ කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපලය යටත් කර ගැනීම යි. මෙමඟින් යුරෝපීයයන්ට වෙළෙඳාම සම්බන්ධයෙන් අවාසිදායක විය. එනම්, වෙළෙඳ භාණ්ඩවල මිල අධික ලෙස ඉහළ දැමීම, තීරු බදු වැඩි කිරීම, කලට වේලාවට භාණ්ඩ ලබා නොදීම වැනි ගැටලු රාශියකට මුහුණ දීමට යුරෝපීයයන්ට සිදුවිය.

දේශ ගවේෂණයට බලපෑ වෙනත් හේතු
 පෙරදිග පැවති මුස්ලිම් වෙළෙඳ බලය බිඳ දැමීම.
 කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපලය අහිමි වීමෙන් යුරෝපීයන් ලද අපකීර්තිය නැතිකර ගැනීම.
 කිතු දහම පැතිරවීමත් ඉස්ලාම් දහම සහ මුස්ලිම්වරුන් ගේ ව්‍යාප්තිය වැළැක්වීම.
 ජනප්‍රවාදයට අනුව පෙරදිග තිබේ යැයි සැලකූ පෙස්ටර් ජෝන් රජු ගේ කතෝලික රාජ්‍ය සොයා ගැනීම.
 පාලකයන්ට තම බලය වැඩි කර ගැනීමට තිබූ අවශ්‍යතාව.

දේශ ගවේෂණ කටයුතු දියුණු වීමට බලපෑ සාධක
 මාලිමා යන්ත්‍රය සහ උතුරු තරු මාපකය නිපදවීම.
 ආරක්ෂිත මෙන්ම විශාල නාවික යාත්‍රා සෑදීම.
 මව් රටවලින් ලද අනුග්‍රහය.
 ටොලමි ගේ සිතියම ඇතුලු පැරණි සිතියම් මඟින් පෘථිවිය ගැන නිවැරදි අවබෝධයක් ලබා ගත හැකිවීම.
 නාවික පුහුණුව ලබාදීම. (පෘතුගාලයේ නාවික හෙන්රි කුමරු නාවික කටයුතු පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යාපන හා පර්යේෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් පවත්වා ගෙන යන ලදී.)

 පෘතුගාලය නාවික හෙන්රි කුමරු යටතේ දේශ ගවේෂණයට යොමු වූ අතර ස්පාඤ්ඤය ෆර්ඩිනන්ඩ් කුමරු හා ඉසබෙලා කුමරිය යටතේ දේශ ගවේෂණයට යොමුවිය. දේශ ගවේෂණයට මූලික වූ රට සේ සැලකෙන්නේ ස්පඤ්ඤය යි.

ආසියාවට නව මුහුදු මාර්ග සොයා ගැනීම
පෘතුගීසි ජාතික බර්තොලමියුඩයස් හෙවත් බර්තොලමියුදියෙස් 1488 දී අප්‍රිකාවේ දකුණු කෙළවරට ළඟා වූ අතර එහි දී කුණාටුවකට හසුවිය. පසුව නැවත මව්රට පැමිණි ඔවුහු එම ස්ථානය කුණාටු තුඩුව සේ නම් කළහ. එලෙස අප්‍රිකාවේ දකුණු තුඩුවට ළඟා වීම සුබ ලකුණක් සේ සැලකූ පෘතුගාල රජු එය සුබ පැත්මේ තුඩුව ලෙස නම් කළේය. පසුව 1497 දී පෘතුගාලයේ 1 මැනුවෙල් රජු ගේ අනුග්‍රහය ලැබූ පෘතුගීසි ජාතික වස්කෝ ද ගාමා පෘතුගාලයේ ලිස්බන් වරායෙන් නැව් නැග 1498 දී ඉන්දියාවේ කැලිකට් වරායට පැමිණියේ ය.
අපි ක්‍රිස්තියානීන් සහ කුලු බඩු සොයා පැමිණියෙමු වස්කෝ ද ගාමා ගේ ප්‍රකාශය විය.

දේශ ගවේෂකයන්

බර්තොලමියුඩයස් (පෘතුගාලය)
 අප්‍රිකාවේ දකුණු කෙළවරට පැමිණි පළමු නාවිකයා ය.

ක්‍රිස්ටෝපර් කොළොම්බස් (ස්පාඤ්ඤය)
 බටහිර ඉන්දීය දූපත් සොයා ගැනීම.
 හිස්පැනියෝලාව සොයා ගැනීම.

ෆර්ඩිනන්ඩ් මැගලන් (පෘතුගාලය)
 ලොව වටා සංචාරය කළ පළමු නාවිකයා ය.
 ස්පාඤ්ඤයේ චාල්ස් රජු ගේ අනුග්‍රහය යටතේ පළමු චාරිකාව ඇරඹුවේ ය.
 පිලිපීනය සොයා ගත් අතර එහි දී ඇති වූ ගැටුමකින් මිය ගොස් ඇත.

ජුවාන් සෙබස්තියන් එල්කානෝ (ස්පාඤ්ඤය)
ෆර්ඩිනන්ඩ් මැගලන් මියගිය පසු ඔහුගේ මුහුදු ගමන සම්පූර්ණ කලේය.

වස්කෝ ද ගාමා (පෘතුගාලය)
 පෙරදිගට පැමිණි පළමු යුරෝපීයයා ය.

ඇමරිගෝ වෙස්පුසි (ඉතාලිය)
 ඇමරිකාව (නව ලෝකය)සොයා ගත්තේය.

ෆ්‍රැන්සිස්කෝ පිසාරෝ (ස්පාඤ්ඤය)
 පීරු, ඉක්වදෝරය ආදි ප්‍රදේශ ගවේෂනය කිරීම.
 ඉන්කාවරුන්ව පැරදවීම.

හෙන්රි හඩ්සන් (එංගලන්තය)
 හඩ්සන් ගංඟාව, හඩ්සන් බොක්ක, හඩ්සන් සමුද්‍ර සන්ධිය ආදිය සොයා ගැනීම.

කපිතාන් ජේම්ස් කුක් (එංගලන්තය)
 ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව සහ නවසීලන්ත දූපත් සොයා ගැනීම.

ඩේවිඩ් ලිවින්ග්ස්ටෝන් (ස්කොට්ලන්තය)
 අප්‍රිකාව ගවේෂණය කිරීම.
 අප්‍රිකාව එළිය කළ මිනිසා ලෙස ද හැඳින් වේ.

ජෝන් කැබොට් (ඉතාලිය)
 කැනඩාවේ වෙරළ ප්‍රදේශය ගවේෂණය කිරීම.

ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් ඩ්‍රේක් (එංගලන්තය)
 පැනමාව සහ ඒ ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ ගවේෂණය කිරීම.

පෙද්රෝ අල්වාරෝ කබ්රාල් (පෘතුගාලය)
 බ්‍රසීලය සොයා ගැනීම.

ජැක්මිස් කාටියර් (ස්පාඤ්ඤය)
 ශාන්ත ලෝරන්ස් ගංඟාව සොයා ගැනීම.

වොල්ටර් රැලේ (එංගලන්තය)
 උතුරු ඇමරිකාවේ වෙරළ ප්‍රදේශය ගවේෂණය කිරීම.

චැම්ප්ලේන් මාක්විටේ (ස්පාඤ්ඤය)
 ක්විබෙකක් ප්‍රදේශය සොයා ගැනීම.

ෆර්ඩිනන්ඩෝ කෝර්ටේස් (ස්පාඤ්ඤය)
 මෙක්සිකෝව ගවේෂණය කිරීම.
 ඇස්ටෙක්වරුන්ව පැරදවීම.

රෝලන්ඩ් අමුන්ඩියස් (නෝර්වේ)
 දකුණු ධ්‍රැවය මධ්‍යයට ගිය පළමු ගවේෂකයා ය.
 මෙතෙක් ලොව පහළ වූ හොඳම ගවේෂකයා ලෙසට ද සැලකෙයි.

කැබේ සහෝදරයෝ
කැනඩාව සොයා ගැනීම.

දේශ ගවේෂණයේ ප්‍රතිඵල
 ආසියාව, අප්‍රිකාව හා ලතින් ඇමරිකානු රටවල යුරෝපීය බලය ව්‍යාප්ත වීම.
 යටත් විජිත බිහිවීම.
 ආගමික කටයුතු ව්‍යාප්ත වීම.
 නව වෙළෙඳ නගර බිහිවීම සහ වෙළෙඳාම දියුණු වීම.
 කාර්මික විප්ලවය කරා යොමුවීම.
 රාජාණ්ඩු බිහිවීම.
 යුරෝපයට නව වෙළෙඳ භාණ්ඩ රැසක් ලැබීම
අධිරාජ්‍යවාදී අදහස් ඇතිවීම.

දේශ ගවේෂණය


Zahle Türk Şehitliği, günümüzde Lübnan'ın Bekaa vilayetinin (muhafaza) merkezi olan ve I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Filistin Cephesi'nde İngiliz ordusuna karşı savaşan Türk/Osmanlı kuvvetlerine lojistik üs işlevi görmüş bulunan Zahle şehri yakınlarında gömülü, sayıları yaklaşık 20 bin olarak tahmin edilen Türk şehitleri için günümüze kadar yapılamamış bir Türk Şehitliği'dir.

25 Eylül 2006 tarihli Cumhuriyet gazetesinin haberine göre, önce 1969'da eski Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanı Muhittin Fisunoğlu'nun Beyrut'ta askerî ataşe olarak bulunduğu sırada, sonra da 1998'de dönemin Beyrut askerî ataşesi Mehmet İlhan Ünver'in görev süresinde, Zahle'de bir Türk Şehitliği'nin inşası için çabalarda bulunulmuş, ancak özellikle Lübnan'daki iç karışıklık ortamı ve Suriye'nin güdümünde olması gibi nedenlerle sonuç alınamamıştır.

Habere göre, 1939'da Lübnan'daki Fransız Yüksek Komiserliği'nin onayladığı ve Lübnan Parlamentosu tarafından alınmış bir karara dayalı olarak, o dönemde Türk Hükûmeti'ne şehitliğin inşasında kullanılması için bir arazi tahsis edilmiş bulunmaktadır. Anıt, Zahle'ye üstten bakan ve ay yıldız görüntüsünü veren bir şekilde projelendirildi. Ancak bir türlü gerçekleştirilemedi.

Kaynakça

 Cumhuriyet gazetesi, 25 Eylül 2006

Lübnan'daki yapılar
Türk Şehitlikleri
Lübnan-Türkiye ilişkileri

Zahle Türk Şehitliği


USS Roi (CVE-103) was a  of the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Roi, in which the United States captured the island of Roi-Namur. Built for service during World War II, the ship was launched in June 1944, commissioned in July, and acted as a transport and as a replenishment carrier. During the latter months of the war, she provided aircraft and supplies to the Fast Carrier Task Force, continuing until the end of the war. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet. She was decommissioned in May 1946, and she was sold for scrapping in December.

Design and description

Roi was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most numerous type of aircraft carrier ever built, and designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy early war losses in the early engagements of the Pacific War. Standardized with her sister ships, she was  long overall, had a beam of , and a draft of . She displaced  standard,  with a full load. She had a  long hangar deck and a  long flight deck. She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make . The ship had a cruising range of  at a speed of . Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.

One /38 caliber dual-purpose gun was mounted on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by 8 Bofors  anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon  cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry thirty 20-mm cannons, and the amount of 40-mm guns had been doubled to sixteen, by putting them into twin mounts. These modifications were in response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but the hangar deck could accommodate more. Because Roi was never utilized in a combat operation, she usually operated with about 60 aircraft on board, the maximum carrying capacity at which take-offs would still be possible.

Construction
Her construction was awarded to Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington under a Maritime Commission contract, on 18 June 1942, under the name Alava Bay, as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska. She was renamed Roi, after the capture of the island Roi-Namur during the Battle of Kwajalein, as part of a new naval policy which named subsequent Casablanca-class carriers after naval or land engagements. The escort carrier was laid down on 3 March 1944, MC hull 1140, the forty-ninth of a series of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers. She therefore received the classification symbol CVE-103. She was launched on 2 June 1944; sponsored by Mrs. William Sinton; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 6 July 1944, with Captain Percy Haverly Lyon in command.

Service history

World War II

Upon being commissioned, Roi underwent a shakedown cruise down the West Coast to San Diego. She then underwent several transport missions, first departing from San Diego on 13 August, carrying a load of 287 passengers and 71 aircraft bound for Manus Island and Espiritu Santo. She returned to port on 27 September, and conducted another transport run to Manus on 21 October. On 2 December, she made another transport run, making stops at Guam and Eniwetok. After completing her mission, she arrived at Alameda, California for overhaul. After overhaul was completed, she made two more round-trip transport missions to bases in the Marshalls and Mariana Islands. She then headed for Pearl Harbor, where she underwent training operations. There, she was also assigned to become a replenishment carrier supporting the frontline Fast Carrier Task Force, providing replacement aircraft, supplies, and fuel for the fleet carriers. The replenishment carrier fleet enabled the fast carriers to operate at sea for a sustained period of time without having to return to port to replenish.

After loading 61 replenishment aircraft, she sailed for Guam, where she joined Task Force 30.8, the replenishment escort carrier task group. She rendezvoused with the Fast Carrier Task Force (Task Group 38) on designated days, in order to replace losses sustained in operations against mainland Japan. She began operations on 4 July 1945, along with fellow escort carriers , , and . She rendezvoused with the fast carriers on 12 July, 16 July, and 20 July. After exhausting her replacement aircraft, she stopped at Guam on 21 July to replenish. She departed on 27 July, with a full load of 61 aircraft, and conducted rendezvous again with the fast carriers on 14 August. Shortly afterwards, while she was at sea, the Japanese surrender was announced. She then joined the main contingent of the Third Fleet, in support of the Occupation of Japan.

Following the end of the war, Roi joined the Operation Magic Carpet fleet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from around the Pacific. She conducted several Magic Carpet runs throughout 1945 until she was released from the fleet. She then reported to Bremerton, Washington, where she was deactivated and decommissioned on 9 May 1946. She was struck from the Navy list on 21 May, and sold on 31 December to Zidell Machinery & Supply of Portland, Oregon for scrapping. Roi was awarded one battle star for her World War II service.

References

Sources

Online sources

Bibliography

External links

Casablanca-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships
S4-S2-BB3 ships

USS Roi


Robert Bussière, né le  à Otter Lake, est un commis comptable et homme politique québécois.

Maire de La Pêche de 1997 à 2017, il est député à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec de la circonscription de Gatineau depuis les élections générales québécoises de 2018.

Biographie

Politique municipale et vie communautaire
Bussière est conseiller municipal de la municipalité de La Pêche de 1989 à 1997. Il devient ensuite maire de cette même municipalité de 1997 à 2017. Il est parallèlement préfet de la municipalité régionale de comté des Collines-de-l'Outaouais de 2009 à 2017.

De plus, il est président-fondateur et membre du conseil d'administration à la coopérative de développement de La Pêche de 2009 à 2017.

Député provincial
Battu de peu lors des élections municipales de 2017, Robert Bussière se présente aux élections provinciales de 2018 pour la Coalition avenir Québec dans la circonscription de Gatineau où il est élu député à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec le . Sa circonscription était considérée comme un château fort du Parti libéral du Québec, ayant toujours voté pour ce parti depuis l'élection de 1962.

À l'Assemblée nationale, il est président de séance depuis  et est membre de la commission de l'aménagement du territoire et de la commission des transports de l'environnement depuis .

Le , durant les travaux parlementaires, il est victime de ce qui semble d'abord n'être qu'un malaise. Deux députés qui sont médecins, l'ex-ministre de la Santé, Gaétan Barrette, et le ministre délégué à la Santé, Lionel Carmant, lui viennent en aide. On apprend par la suite qu'il s'agissait d'un infarctus du myocarde et de son quatrième « malaise » en deux semaines. Il reprend son travail de façon graduelle dans sa circonscription à partir de la mi- et en chambre à l'automne suivant.

Le , plus d'une centaine de manifestants contre la Loi sur la laïcité de l'État manifestent devant son bureau de circonscription.

Robert Bussière est réélu lors des élections du .

Résultats électoraux

Vie privée
Bussière est le conjoint d'Isabelle Yver. Il a un enfant, Yannick, d'une première union et trois petits-enfants.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 La Pêche
 Gatineau (circonscription provinciale)

Liens externes
 Site internet de l'Assemblée nationale
 Site internet officiel de la Coalition avenir Québec

Naissance en août 1955
Naissance en Outaouais
Personnalité politique québécoise
Député de la Coalition avenir Québec à l'Assemblée nationale
Député de la 42e législature de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec
Député de la 43e législature de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec
Personnalité politique québécoise au municipal
Maire au Québec

Robert Bussière


Oštrolistac (trahistemon, lat. Trachystemon), rod trajnica čiji je jedini predstavnik oštrolistac (T. orientale, T. orientalis), nekada klasificiran rodu oštrolist ili Borago, porodica boražinovke.

Domovina su mu Turska i Bugarska, odakle je uvezen u Englesku 1860-tih i Sjevernu Ameriku 1970-tih godina, Njemačku i Kanalske otoke

Sinonimi
 Borago constantinopolitana Hill; Veg. Syst., ed. 7: 45 (1764)
 Borago cordifolia Moench; Meth. Suppl. 275 (1802)
 Borago inflata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 116 (1796)
 Borago orientalis L.; Sp. Pl.: 138 (1753)
 Nordmannia cordifolia Ledeb. ex Nordm.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 2: 312 (1837), nom. superfl.
 Ptilostemon orientalis (L.) DC. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 36 (1846)

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Boragineae
Flora Bugarske
Flora Turske
Flora europske Turske
Flora Sjevernog Kavkaza
Flora Gruzije

Oštrolistac


Le Lieu is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the Vallée de Joux.

History
Le Lieu is first mentioned in 1155 as loco dompni Poncii heremite ("in the place of lord Poncius the hermit").  In 1408 it was mentioned as le Lieu Poncet.  The village of Les Charbonnières was first mentioned in 1489 and Le Séchey village was first mentioned in 1489.

Geography

Le Lieu has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 34.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 59.9% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 3.3% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 1.4% is either rivers or lakes and  or 1.2% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%.  Out of the forested land, 56.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 11.8% is pastures and 22.3% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is in lakes.

The municipality was part of the La Vallée District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Le Lieu became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.

The municipality is located on the eastern shore of Lac de Joux.  It consists of the villages of Le Lieu, Les Charbonnières and Le Séchey as well as multiple hamlets.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, a Bar Azure, overall Saint Poncet bearded Argent, garmented Sable, holding a staff of the same in dexter and a Bible of the third.

Demographics
Le Lieu has a population () of .  , 12.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 4.4%.  It has changed at a rate of 5.1% due to migration and at a rate of -0.8% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (703 or 88.4%), with German being second most common (28 or 3.5%) and Italian being third (20 or 2.5%).

Of the population in the municipality 263 or about 33.1% were born in Le Lieu and lived there in 2000.  There were 251 or 31.6% who were born in the same canton, while 119 or 15.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 136 or 17.1% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 4 live births to Swiss citizens and were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 5 while the foreign population remained the same.  There were 3 Swiss men and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 4 non-Swiss men who immigrated from another country to Switzerland and 2 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 2 and the non-Swiss population decreased by 11 people.  This represents a population growth rate of -1.6%.

The age distribution, , in Le Lieu is; 76 children or 9.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 95 teenagers or 11.4% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 85 people or 10.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  105 people or 12.6% are between 30 and 39, 103 people or 12.4% are between 40 and 49, and 118 people or 14.2% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 106 people or 12.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 76 people or 9.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 63 people or 7.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 6 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.

, there were 301 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 383 married individuals, 65 widows or widowers and 46 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 349 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household.  There were 125 households that consist of only one person and 25 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 361 households that answered this question, 34.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 4 adults who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 109 married couples without children, 90 married couples with children  There were 16 single parents with a child or children.  There were 5 households that were made up of unrelated people and 12 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 186 single family homes (or 58.1% of the total) out of a total of 320 inhabited buildings.  There were 62 multi-family buildings (19.4%), along with 49 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (15.3%) and 23 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (7.2%).  Of the single family homes 65 were built before 1919, while 6 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The most multi-family homes (31) were built before 1919 and the next most (10) were built between 1946 and 1960.

 there were 501 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 138.  There were 22 single room apartments and 142 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 335 apartments (66.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 139 apartments (27.7%) were seasonally occupied and 27 apartments (5.4%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.8 new units per 1000 residents.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Le Lieu  and ISOS village: Le Séchey  is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 28.8% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the SVP (17.85%), the Green Party (16.21%) and the LPS Party (13.71%).  In the federal election, a total of 285 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 45.2%.

Economy
, Le Lieu had an unemployment rate of 5.9%.  , there were 42 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector.  635 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 18 businesses in this sector.  73 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 19 businesses in this sector.  There were 368 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.5% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 696.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 35, of which 28 were in agriculture, 5 were in forestry or lumber production and 1 was in fishing or fisheries.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 605 of which 584 or (96.5%) were in manufacturing and 22 (3.6%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 56.  In the tertiary sector; 4 or 7.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1 was in the movement and storage of goods, 20 or 35.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 21 or 37.5% were in education and 3 or 5.4% were in health care.

, there were 767 workers who commuted into the municipality and 184 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 4.2 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.  About 38.3% of the workforce coming into Le Lieu are coming from outside Switzerland.  Of the working population, 8.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.6% used a private car.

Religion
From the , 180 or 22.6% were Roman Catholic, while 411 or 51.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.25% of the population), and there were 38 individuals (or about 4.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 21 (or about 2.64% of the population) who were Islamic.  There were 4 individuals who belonged to another church.  118 (or about 14.84% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 40 individuals (or about 5.03% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Le Lieu about 275 or (34.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 90 or (11.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 90 who completed tertiary schooling, 66.7% were Swiss men, 26.7% were Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 87 students in the Le Lieu school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.  During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.  The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years.  There were 46 students in the municipal primary school program.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 41 students in those schools.

, there were 29 students in Le Lieu who came from another municipality, while 67 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Companies
 Vacherin Mont d'Or, Rochat family Les Charbonnières
 Dubois Depraz SA - watch making and micromecanics
 Eaton
 Valtronic - microelectronic assembly

References

External links

Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Vaud

Le Lieu


Isabella Mamatis (* 28. November 1955 in Berlin) ist eine deutsche Schauspielerin, Regisseurin, Autorin, Produzentin für Theater und Hörspiele.

Leben

Sie ist die Tochter des griechischen Kaufmanns für Cinematografie Dimitri Mamatis und der Sängerin Manuela Mamatis, geb. Gerster (Tochter von Ottmar Gerster, Komponist, nach 1945 Direktor der Kunsthochschule Weimar, Kompositionsprofessor in Leipzig). 1957 übersiedelte sie nach dem Tod des Vaters nach Braunfels/Lahn (Nordhessen) und 1967 in die DDR als Staatenlose zur Mutter nach Ostberlin. 1974 zog Isabella Mamatis zurück nach Westberlin, wo sie die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit beantragte und bekam. Von 1978 bis 1982 studierte sie Schauspiel an der Hochschule der Künste-Berlin West und gehörte anschließend zu den Gründern des "Theater zum westlichen Stadthirschen". In den 1980er Jahren arbeitete sie mit Peter Stein, Henning Rühle, George Tabori, Heinrich Gieskes, Elke Petri, Ive Jansen. Als textende Sängerin spielte sie Bass in der Band ComboNoa. 1993 und 1996 wurden ihre Kinder Paul Mamatis und Clara Tucholski geboren.

Künstlerisches Schaffen

Kunstpreise

1982 Karl Hofer – Preis der Hochschule der Künste, Berlin – West für das Abschlussprojekt "Montag, Dienstag, Donnerstag – falsch" mit dem 'Theater zum Westlichen Stadthirschen'
1995 Deutscher Literatur-/Theaterpreis, zusammen mit dem Bühnenbildner Marc Deggeler für die beste Inszenierung "Apokalypse unserer Tage" eine theatrale Partitur zum Alltagsleben im KZ Sachsenhausen.

Gründungen und Produktionen

1990 gründete sie die "Isabella Mamatis Theaterproduktion" mit Ausrichtung auf einen eigenwilligen Inszenierungsstil, den sie "Theatrale Partitur" nennt. Unter diesem Begriff erarbeitete sie bis 2001 sieben Inszenierungen: Das Erbe, Memento Mori, Schillerlocken – Wenn Schillers Frauen locken, Gladiatoren, Tod Liebe Verklärung, Apokalypse unserer Tage, Die Vögel nach Aristophanes. Mamatis bedient sich für ihre theatralen Kompositionen filmischer Elemente, stilisierter Körpersprache und Sprache, Choreografie und Klang, die sich zu einem Erzählstrang zusammenfügen, der nicht linear, sondern in assoziativen Bildern verläuft (dramaturgische Zusammenarbeit mit Lutz Gümbel)

1996 rief sie mit dem Klangkünstler Peter Tucholski das Hör-Theater als begehbare Installation, die Lichtprojektionen, Klang, Sprache und Publikum zu einer Einheit verschmelzen lässt, ins Leben. Im gleichen Jahr folgte die Berliner Festspielproduktion und Deutschlandradio – Titel "Die Jäger am Tisch". Mit der Arbeit an "Die Jäger am Tisch" begann Mamatis die Trennung zwischen Publikum und Kunstwerk aufzuheben. Diesen Ansatz greift sie wieder bei dem Aufführungsgskonzept der Langen Tafel auf, als interaktive Inszenierung im öffentlichen Raum.

Von 1996 bis 2000 realisierte Mamatis zwei Hörspielserien: "Die Abenteuer des Odysseus", homerischer Text umgewandelt in Gegenwartssprache, sowie "Vom Anfang der Welt", neun Schöpfungsmythen verschiedener Religionen. Beide Produktionen waren für den Schweizer Rundfunk produziert (Zusammenarbeit mit Lutz Gümbel und Peter Tucholski).

2003 gründete sie die "Bühne für Wirtschaft und Kultur" als eine Kommunikationsplattform für Präsentationen und interkulturelle Kompetenzen. Mit dem Siemens-Turbinenwerk arbeitete sie von 2004 bis 2006 für die Entwicklung interaktiver Kompetenzen bei Präsentationen zusammen.

Isabella Mamatis ist Begründerin der *Langen Tafel, die sie im Format eines Dreiakters 2006, als interaktive Inszenierung für eine nachbarschaftliche Kommunikation im Bergmannkiez in Berlin zum ersten Mal präsentierte, und seit dem unter wechselnden Themen von dort aus in die Welt bringt.
Sie gründete in Berlin in 14 Stadtteilen die Lange Tafel, z,B, Reuterkiez, Leopoldplatz, Märkische Viertel, ging dann über Hamburg und Düsseldorf nach 2016/17 Los Angeles an die California State University, nach 2017 Indien-Puna, an die Orchid School, 2018 nach Bobo Dioulasdo-Burkina Faso. Die theatrale Bürgerinszenierung für Kunst und Kommunikation im öffentlichen Raum ermöglicht interaktives Lernen im Dialog der Generationen und erreicht integrative Wirkung, in der sich alle die an der 200 m langen Tafel sitzen beim gemeinsamen Spaghetti Essen auf gleicher Augenhöhe begegnen. Die Dialoganimation zwischen Künstler und Bürger motiviert den Austausch zwischen Kulturen und Religionen. Es folgten weitere "Lange Tafeln" die als Friedenskunstwerk um die ganze Welt gehen, hinzu kommen die 2020 Mongolei und Tailand.

2010 gründete Mamatis "www.Denk-mal-fuer-migration.com" als virtuelles Denkmal zur Entwicklung einer neuen Erzähltradition über gelebte Migrationserfahrung. Unter dem Titel "Die Abenteurer des Homo Migrantes Teil 1,2,3, u.s.w." soll das kollektive Wissen über Migration kulturell verarbeitet werden, um Katharsis und Reflexion zu ermöglichen. 2012 folgte "Planet der Herzen", die 1. Inszenierung mit Behinderten und Nicht-Behinderten in der 6 generationsübergreifende Migrationshelden ihre Abenteurer erzählen. Die Welturaufführung fand im Babylon am Luxemburplatz statt.

In ihren Arbeiten wird Isabella Mamatis von den Kunstrichtungen Fluxus und Unsichtbares Theater sowie der Bildenden Kunst des Expressionismus, experimenteller Musik (Soundcollagen) und dem Zufall als Kompositionsmethode beeinflusst. Künstlerische Wahlverwandtschaften verbinden sie mit Peter Brook, Robert Wilson, Pina Bausch, Wassily Kandinsky, Else Lasker-Schüler, John Cage, Augusto Boal und Amon Tobin.

Hauptrollen – Theater (Auswahl)

 Rolle: Ive in "Bambule" von Ulrike Meinhof, inszeniert von Henning Rühle am Schauspiel Frankfurt
 Rolle: Prudence in "Trotz aller Therapie" von Christopher Durang, inszeniert von Donald Bergenhoff am Schauspiel Frankfurt
 Rolle: Die K in "Kalldewey" von Botho Strauß, inszeniert von Heinrich Gieskes am Schauspiel Frankfurt

Filmrollen (Auswahl)

 The wild Party, 2. weibliche Hauptrolle zusammen mit Tilda Swinton, Regie: Cynthia Beatt' Berlinale 1992

Kooperationspartner

Seit 1989 arbeitete Mamatis mit zahlreichen Veranstaltern, Einrichtungen und Medien zusammen. Darunter waren u. a.
Akademie der Künste Berlin, Berliner Festwochen, Deutschlandradio – Berlin DRS Zürich,
Ensemble-Theater Wien, Goethe-Institut Amsterdam, Hebbel-Theater Berlin,
Kai Theater Brüssel, De Bali Theater Amsterdam, Literaturhaus Berlin,
Radio Brandenburg, Senat für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur – Berlin,
Sender Freies Berlin, RBB, Shaffy Theater Amsterdam, Schauspiel Frankfurt,
TAT, Stadttheater St. Gallen, Stadttheater Augsburg, Stadttheater Heidelberg,
Stadttheater Freiburg, Stadttheater Nürnberg, Theaterspektakel Zürich,
Peeneaale, 48h Neukölln, Deutsches Theater, Berlin – die Hauptstadtkampagne.

Weblinks
 Die Webseite von Lange Tafel
 Die Webseite vom virtuellen Denk-mal-für-Migration
 Die Webseite der Bühne für Wirtschaft und Kultur

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Autor
Theaterregisseur
Deutscher
Geboren 1955
Frau

Isabella Mamatis


الجازية بلدية بولاية أم البواقي، وهي بلدة تقع على بعد حوالي 70 كيلومترا عن عاصمة الولاية أم البواقي في جهتها الشرقية، يصل تعداد سكانها حاليا إلى نحو 7 آلاف نسمة وتبلغ مساحتها 19600 هكتار، وهي ذات طابع رعوي وفلاحي.

المصادر

جازية

الجازية


HMS Lynx (F27), was a Leopard-class Type 41 anti aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy, named after the lynx.

She was laid down by John Brown and Company, Clydebank, Scotland, on 13 August 1953, launched on 12 January 1955, and commissioned on 14 March 1957. On 12 March 1982 she was sold to the Bangladesh Navy and renamed BNS Abu Bakr. She was decommissioned and scrapped in 2014.

Construction and design
The Leopard-class, or Type 41, frigates were designed for a main role of providing anti-aircraft protection for convoys. As such they were provided with a heavy gun armament but did not require high speed. They shared a common hull and machinery with the  (or Type 61) aircraft direction frigates.

Leopard was  long overall,  at the waterline and , with a Beam of  and a draught of . Displacement was  standard and  deep load. She was powered by eight Admiralty Standard Range 1 (ASR1) diesel engines, with a total power of , driving two propeller shafts giving a speed of . Four more of these engines were used to generate electricity, driving 500 kW alternators. The ship had a range of  at full power and  at .

The ship's main gun armament consisted of two twin 4.5 inch (113 mm) Mark 6 dual purpose gun turrets, mounted one forward and one aft, with a STAAG twin stabilised 40mm Bofors mount providing close-in anti-aircraft defence, although this mounting was unreliable and later replaced by a single Bofors gun. A single Squid anti submarine mortar was fitted. As built, Leopard was fitted with a Type 960 long-range radar on the ship's mainmast and Type 293Q surface/air search radar on the foremast. A Mark 6M fire control system (including a Type 275 radar) for the 4.5 inch guns was mounted above the ship's bridge, with a secondary CRBF (Close-Range Blind Fire) director aft, fitted with Type 262 Radar, while the STAAG mount was fitted with its own Type 262 fire control radar. while a Type 974 navigation radar was also fitted. Type 965 long-range air search radar replaced Type 960 during a refit in 1964 and 1966, with Type 993 surface/air search and target indication radar replaced the Type 293Q. The ship's sonar fit consisted of Type 174 search, Type 170 fire control sonar for Squid and a Type 162 sonar for classifying targets on the sea floor.

Lynx was laid down at John Brown and Company's Clydebank shipyard on 13 August 1953, was launched on 12 January 1955 by Mary, Princess Royal and commissioned on 14 March 1957, as the first of her class.

Royal Navy service
On commissioning Lynx served as the leader of the 7th Frigate Squadron, with the squadron alternating between service in home waters and in at the South Atlantic Station. On 3 May 1960, Lynx, carrying out trials off Portsmouth, was diverted to search for survivors after a small fishing boat was sunk in a collision with the German tanker Caperata. In September 1964, with tensions heightening between Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute, an Argentine light aircraft landed on Port Stanley racecourse, and its pilot, Miguel Fitzgerald, planted an Argentine flag and handed a written proclamation of Argentine sovereignty to an islander before flying back to Argentina. In response, Lynx, forming part of a task group off the coast of South America, was ordered to the Falklands, remaining there from 14 October to 11 November.

In March 1967, following the disbanding of the South Atlantic station, Lynx was the last Royal Navy ship based at the Simonstown naval base in South Africa, then transferring to the Far East. On 18 September 1970, Lynx found an abandoned  long barge adrift off the coast of Johor, Malaysia and towed it back to Singapore. On 30 December 1972, the Japanese cargo ship Kyoryu Maru, carrying a cargo of timber from Selat Panjang to Singapore, sank after a collision with the Japanese tanker Shoen Maru,  from Singapore. Lynx, on patrol off Singapore, took part in the search for nine missing crewmembers from Kyoryu Maru. Lynx was paid off in June 1974, and after a refit at Rosyth, joined the Standby Squadron at Chatham. She attended the 1977 Silver Jubilee Fleet Review off Spithead.

Bangladeshi Navy service

She was transferred to the Bangladeshi Navy 12 March 1982 and renamed BNS Abu Bakr. She was assigned to the Commodore Commanding BN Flotilla (COMBAN). About 200 personnel served aboard Abu Bakr, with most living aboard her.

In November 2008, BNS Abu Bakr  along with BNS Nirbhoy and BNS Madhumati intercepted Myanmar Navy ships at a disputed region of Bay of Bengal where they were supporting an exploration of oil and gas fields.

She was decommissioned during a ceremony held in her homeport Chittagong on 22 January 2014. She was replaced by a Chinese Type 053H2 frigate with the same name and pennant number.

See also
List of historic ships of the Bangladesh Navy

References

Publications

Ships built on the River Clyde
Leopard-class frigates
1955 ships

HMS Lynx (F27)


El Quilamas es un río afluente del Alagón por su margen derecha, en la provincia de Salamanca, España.

Afluentes
En el río Quilamas confluyen numerosos regatos y arroyos siendo el más importante el denominado río Chico o arroyo de San Juan que desemboca en el Quilamas por su margen izquierda.

El Quilamas desemboca en el Alagón en el paraje de la Junta.

Curso

Pasa por La Bastida, San Miguel de Valero y Valero

A su paso por Valero se halla una pequeña presa construida en 1985 que da lugar a una piscina natural con más de 100 metros nadables y con una profundidad máxima en torno a los 2 metros.

Caudal
No se seca en ninguna época del año, pero su caudal desciende en verano.

Véase también
 Río Alagón
 Sierra de las Quilamas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Quilamas
Quilamas

Río Quilamas


Acranthera nom. cons., biljni rod iz porodice broćevki. Sastoji se od oko 40 vrsta rasprostranjenih po južnoj i jugoistočnoj Aziji.

Vrste

 Acranthera abbreviata Valeton
 Acranthera anamallica Bedd.
 Acranthera athroophlebia Bremek.
 Acranthera atropella Stapf
 Acranthera aurantiaca Valeton ex Bremek.
 Acranthera axilliflora Valeton
 Acranthera bullata Merr.
 Acranthera burmanica Y.H.Tan & B.Yang
 Acranthera capitata Valeton
 Acranthera ceylanica Arn. ex Meisn.
 Acranthera didymocarpa (Ridl.) K.M.Wong
 Acranthera endertii Bremek.
 Acranthera frutescens Valeton
 Acranthera grandiflora Bedd.
 Acranthera hallieri Valeton
 Acranthera hirtostipula Valeton
 Acranthera involucrata Valeton
 Acranthera johannis-winkleri Merr.
 Acranthera lanceolata Valeton
 Acranthera longipes Merr.
 Acranthera longipetiolata Merr. ex Bremek.
 Acranthera maculata Valeton
 Acranthera megaphylla Bremek.
 Acranthera monantha Valeton
 Acranthera nieuwenhuisii Valeton ex Bremek.
 Acranthera ophiorhizoides Valeton
 Acranthera parviflora Valeton
 Acranthera philippinensis Merr.
 Acranthera ruttenii Bremek.
 Acranthera salmonea Bremek.
 Acranthera siamensis (Kerr) Bremek.
 Acranthera siliquosa Bremek.
 Acranthera simalurensis Bremek.
 Acranthera sinensis C.Y.Wu
 Acranthera strigosa Valeton
 Acranthera tomentosa R.Br. ex Hook.f.
 Acranthera variegata Merr.
 Acranthera velutinervia Bremek.
 Acranthera virescens (Ridl.) Govaerts
 Acranthera yatesii Merr.

Izvori

Coptosapelteae

Acranthera


Brékoua est un village du  ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire, situé dans la région du Goh (ancien Fromager) sur l'axe Gagnoa-Oumé.

Dans les années 60, Brékoua et le village voisin de Lélépa ont été regroupés administrativement afin de donner naissance à la localité de Lélébrékoua.

Notes et références

Localité en Côte d'Ivoire

Brékoua


Jakišnica je priobalno naselje na otoku Pagu, u Republici Hrvatskoj. Naselje ima mediteransku klimu jer je locirano uz Kvarnerić, dio Jadranskog mora. Temperature preko ljeta znaju prekoračiti 35°C, dok je prosječna temperatura u prosincu 16.2°C.

Povijest
Jakišnica je nastala iz doseljenika dva naselja, Stanišća i Gagera prije oko 100 godina (?), koncem Prvog svjetskog rata. Naime, nitko se nije nastanjivao u obalnom pojasu jer bi preko zime bura i sol napravili veliku štetu. Prvi doseljenik bio je sa Stanišća, a zvao se Jakov Badurina. Njegov ga je otac zbog svađe otjerao iz sela, zbog čega je bio primoran nastaniti se uz more. Sa svojom ženom Marijom imao je prve potomke. To su bili Šime, Benjamin, Slavko (poslije Odorik), Leopold i Anton Badurina. Oni su napravili prvu kuću u selu koju su ravnopravno dijelili. Kako se naselje širilo počeli su pristizati Gagerani. Oni su izgradili desnu stranu sela, a Stanišćani lijevu. Naposljetku su se dva dijela spojila i stvorila Jakišnicu kakva je danas. U Drugom svjetskom ratu talijanska mornarica potopila je saveznički brod "Albany" (lokalno znan kao "Albanija") u neposrednoj blizini mjesta, a sad je mjesto iznad olupine broda ribarsko lovište. Za vrijeme Domovinskog rata mnogi su iz Ravnih kotara pobijegli na Pag. Asfaltirana cesta do sela napravljena je 80'-ih te se poslije razvio turizam. Selo je urbanizirano, napravljene su šljunčane, betonske i pješčane plaže, šetnice, apartmani, auto-kamp i hotel. U selu ima više kuća (posebice apartmana) nego stanovnika, a po zimi selo zamre zbog kraja turističke sezone. Selo robu nabavlja u jedinoj trgovini u mjestu.

Današnjica
Turizam je glavna grana prihoda. Uz hotel, u selu postoje samo obiteljske kuće i vile. Maslinarstvo i ribarstvo se prakticiraju, ali većinom kao hobij. Pokojnici se najčešće pokapaju na groblju u Lunu. Najbliži se dom zdravlja nalazi u Novalji, a bolnica u Zadru. Najbliža vatrogasna postaja je DVD Lun u Lunu. Pošiljke za Jakišnicu mogu se poslati ili podignuti u pošti u Lunu. Uvalu od otvorenog mora čuvaju dva umjetno izgrađena rta, lokalno znanih kao punte. Do mjesta se dolazi Lunjskim putem (cesta Lun - Novalja) dugim 11.5 km zračne linije.

Izvori

Pag
Naselja u sastavu Grada Novalje

Jakišnica


"I Bet You Think About Me" je pjesma američke kantautorice Taylor Swift. Pjesma je 7. travnja 2021. Swift objavila kao treći singl s prvog Swiftovog ponovno snimljenog albuma, Fearless (Taylor's Version) s Američkim pjevačem Chris Stapleton. Pjesmu su napisali Swift i Lori McKenna 2012. godine, a snimljena je negdje u periodu između studenoga 2020. do ljeta 2021. Aaron Dessber je zajedno sa Swift producirao pjesmu

"I Bet You Think About Me" su 15. studenog 2021. godine servirali američki country radio formati Republic Records i MCA Nashville kao prvi singl sa Swiftovog drugog ponovno snimljenog albuma, Red (Taylor's Version) (2021). Istog dana na YouTubeu je premijerno prikazan i prateći glazbeni spot za pjesmu, koji su napisale Swift i američka glumica Blake Lively, a potonja režirala u svom redateljskom debiju.

Pozadina
Taylor Swift objavila je svoj četvrti studijski album Red 22. listopada 2012. preko Big Machine Recordsa. Kombinira country i pop s mnogim žanrovima, što je potaknulo medijsku raspravu o Swiftovu statusu country umjetnika.

Swift je potpisala s Republic Records nakon što joj je istekao ugovor s Big Machineom 2018.; njezin ugovor s izdavačkom kućom dodijelio joj je prava na glavne snimke njezine glazbe. Godine 2019. Big Machine, kao i glavne snimke Swiftovih prvih šest studijskih albuma, kupio je poslovni čovjek Scooter Braun. Swift je počela ponovno snimati svoje albume Big Machine u studenom 2020., kao sredstvo da posjeduje svoje glavne snimke. Prvi ponovno snimljeni album, Fearless (Taylor's Version), ponovno snimanje Swiftovog albuma iz 2008., objavljen je 9. travnja 2021. Objavila je svoj drugi presnimljeni album, Red (Taylor's Version), ponovno snimanje albuma iz 2012., 12. studenog 2021. Uz originalne Red pjesme, Red (Taylor's Version) sadrži devet neobjavljenih pjesama "From the Vault"—uključujući "I Bet You Think About Me"—koje je Swift napisala, ali nikada nije objavljena za Red.

Ljestvice

Izvori

Američke skladbe, Skladbe Taylor Swift

I Bet You Think About Me


Earl of Mount Edgcumbe is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for George Edgcumbe, 3rd Baron Edgcumbe. This branch of the Edgcumbe family descends from Sir Piers Edgcumbe of Cotehele in Cornwall (descended from the younger son of Richard Edgcumbe (fl. 1324) of Edgcumbe in the parish of Milton Abbot in Devon), who acquired an estate near Plymouth through marriage in the early 16th century, which was later re-named "Mount Edgcumbe" (a common tradition shared by several estates particularly on the south coast of Devon, for example Mount Tavy, Mount Radford, Mount Boone, Mount Gold (Plymouth), Mount Wise, etc.). His descendant Richard Edgcumbe was a prominent politician and served as Paymaster-General of Ireland and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. In 1742, he was created Baron Edgcumbe, of Mount Edgcumbe in the County of Devon, in the Peerage of Great Britain. Richard Edgcumbe was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron. He represented Plympton Erle, Lostwithiel and Penrhyn in the House of Commons and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall. On his death, the title passed to his younger brother, the third Baron. He was an Admiral of the Blue and also held political office as Treasurer of the Household and as Captain of the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners. In 1781, he was created Viscount Mount Edgcumbe and Valletort and in 1789 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Mount Edgcumbe. Both titles are in the Peerage of Great Britain.

He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He sat as Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel and Fowey and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall. On his death the titles passed to his second but eldest surviving son, Viscount Valletort's brother, the third Earl. He also represented Lostwithiel and Fowey in the House of Commons. His son, the fourth Earl, was a Conservative politician and served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord Steward of the Household. On his death the titles passed to his son, the fifth Earl. He held the honorary post of Deputy Lord Warden of the Stannaries from 1913 to 1944. On his death the line of the third Earl failed. The late Earl was succeeded by his second cousin, the sixth Earl. He was the grandson of George Edgcumbe, youngest son of the second Earl. He was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, the seventh Earl. He was the grandson of Edward Mortimer Edgcumbe, second son of George Edgcumbe, youngest son of the second Earl.  the titles are held by his nephew, the ninth Earl Christopher Mortimer Edgcumbe, who succeeded his brother in that year. He is the third son of George Aubrey Valletort Edgcumbe, brother of the seventh Earl.

The heir apparent Douglas George Valletort Edgcumbe to the earldom uses the honorary title of Viscount Valletort.

The present family seat is Empacombe House, near Cremyll, Cornwall. The ancestral seat of the Edgcumbe family is Mount Edgcumbe House,  on the Rame Peninsula (Cornwall).

Barons Edgcumbe (1742)
 Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe (1680–1758)
 Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Baron Edgcumbe (1716–1761)
 George Edgcumbe, 3rd Baron Edgcumbe (1720–1795) (created Viscount Mount Edgcumbe and Valletort in 1781, then Earl of Mount Edgcumbe in 1789)

Earls of Mount Edgcumbe (1789)

 George Edgcumbe, 1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1720–1795)
 Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1764–1839)
 Ernest Augustus Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1797–1861)
 William Henry Edgcumbe, 4th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1832–1917)
 Piers Alexander Hamilton Edgcumbe, 5th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1865–1944)
 Kenelm William Edward Edgcumbe, 6th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1873–1965)
 Edward Piers Edgcumbe, 7th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1903–1982)
 Robert Charles Edgcumbe, 8th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1939–2021)
 Christopher George Mortimer Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (b. 1950)

Present peer
Christopher George Mortimer Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (born 1950) is the younger son of George Aubrey Valletort Edgcombe (1907–1977), a descendant of the second earl, and his second wife Una Pamela George. His father, who was born and died in New Zealand, served as a Royal Navy officer during the Second World War. His older brother, Piers Valletort Edgcumbe (born 1946) had died in 2019. In 1985, the present peer married Marion Frances Stevenson, daughter of Murray Stevenson, and they were divorced in 1991, after having two children:
Emma Louise Edgcumbe (born 1983)
Douglas George Valletort Edgcumbe, Viscount Valletort (born 1985), heir apparent.

Line of Succession

  Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe (1680–1758)
  George Edgcumbe, 1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1720–1795)
  Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1764–1839)
 George Edgcumbe (1800–1885)
 Edward Mortimer Edgcumbe (1847–1890)
 George Valletort Edgcumbe (1869–1947)
 George Aubrey Valletort Edgcumbe (1907–1977)
  Christopher George Mortimer Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (born 1950)
 (1) Douglas George Valletort Edgcumbe, Viscount Valletort (b. 1985)
 Richard Gerald Valletort Edgcumbe (1871–1908)
 Edward Mortimer Edgcumbe (1904–1983)
 (2) Richard John Edgcumbe (b. 1946)

Notes

References
 Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (ed.) (1990) Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press,

External links

 Mount Edgcumbe family history

Earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1789
Cornish nobility

Earl of Mount Edgcumbe


Las Marchas de la Muerte de Sandakan fueron una serie de marchas forzosas en Borneo, desde Sandakan a Ranau, que resultaron en la muerte de más de 3 600 trabajadores esclavos civiles indonesios y 2 400 prisioneros de guerra aliados que había sido capturados por el Imperio de Japón durante la campaña del Pacífico de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y se encontraban encarcelados en campos de concentración en el norte de Borneo. Para el final de la guerra, de todos los prisioneros que fueron encarcelados en Sandakan y Ranau, solo seis australianos sobrevivieron, de los cuales todos escaparon. Las Marchas de Sandakan son consideradas por muchos como las peores atrocidades sufridas por fuerzas australianas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Construcción de la pista de aterrizaje
En 1942 y 1943, civiles indonesios traídos desde Java, junto con prisioneros de guerra australianos y británicos que habían sido capturados en la Batalla de Singapur en febrero de 1942, fueron enviados al norte de Borneo para construir una pista de aterrizaje militar y un campo de prisioneros en Sandakan (Sabah). Al igual que el Ferrocarril de Birmania, los prisioneros fueron forzados a trabajar bajo amenaza de muerte, y eran frecuentemente golpeados al mismo tiempo que recibían muy poca comida o atención médica. En agosto de 1943, con la intención de controlar los soldados en el campo, la mayoría de los oficiales fueron trasladados de Sandakan al campo de Batu Lintang en Kuching. Las condiciones para los prisioneros que se quedaron atrás se deterioraron rápidamente luego de que los oficiales fueran removidos. Todas las raciones que recibían fueron disminuidas, y los prisioneros enfermos también fueron forzados a trabajar en la pista. Luego de completada la construcción, se mantuvo inicialmente a los prisioneros en el campo. En enero de 1945, con tan solo 1,900 prisioneros aún con vida, los aliados lograron bombardear y destruir la pista. Fue en este momento, esperando desembarcos aliados en cualquier momento, que el Capitán Hoshijima Susumu decidió trasladar a los prisioneros que quedaban hacia el oeste, en dirección de las montañas en el pueblo de Ranau, que se encontraba a aproximadamente . Alegó que era una orden del Teniente General Masao Baba, comandante del 37.º Ejército Japonés.

La pista de aterrizaje que fue construida entonces es conocida hoy en día como el Aeropuerto de Sandakan que sirve a la ciudad de Sandakan.

Las primeras marchas
La primera etapa de marchas a través de amplios pantanos, selvas densas, y luego subiendo la cuesta del Monte Kinabalu ocurrió entre enero y marzo de 1945. Los japoneses habían escogido 470 prisioneros que consideraron estaban en condiciones de llevar equipaje y suministros para los batallones japoneses que se estaban trasladando a la costa oeste. En varios grupos, todos ellos malnutridos o víctimas de alguna enfermedad seria, comenzaron su travesía originalmente con la intención de llegar a Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu). Aunque la ruta tomó nueve días, se les entregaron raciones solo para cuatro días. Al igual que en la Marcha de la Muerte de Batán, cualquier prisionero que ya no se encontrase en condiciones de continuar o colapsaba de cansancio, era ejecutado o dejado en el camino a su suerte. Al llegar a Ranau, se detuvo a los sobrevivientes y se les ordenó construir un campamento temporal. Como un historiador luego comentó: "Aquellos que sobrevivieron (...) fueron arrastrados a malsanas y atestadas cabañas y muchos murieron de disentería. Para el 26 de junio, solo cinco australianos y un soldado británico seguían vivos."

Marchas subsiguientes
Una segunda serie de marchas empezó el 29 de mayo de 1945 con aproximadamente 536 prisioneros. El nuevo comandante del campo de Sandakan, el Capitán Takakuwa Takuo, ordenó a los prisioneros a que se dirigieran a Ranau en grupos de aproximadamente cincuenta acompañados de guardias japoneses. La marcha duró 26 días, con prisioneros en condiciones mucho más malas que los que estuvieron en las primeras marchas, y se les proveyó de menos raciones y en ocasiones fueron incluso forzados a buscar su propia comida. El complejo no. 1 del campo de Sandakan fue destruido en un intento de borrar cualquier evidencia de su existencia. Solo 183 prisioneros llegaron a Ranau. A su llegada el 24 de junio de 1945, los participantes de las segundas marchas descubrieron que solo 6 participantes de la primera serie de marchas en el mes de enero seguían con vida.

La última marcha
Luego de que la segunda marcha partiera, quedaron aproximadamente 250 personas en Sandakan. La mayoría de los prisioneros estaban tan enfermos que los japoneses tenían la intención, en un principio, de dejarlos morir de hambre. Sin embargo, el 9 de junio de 1945 se decidió enviar a otro grupo de 75 hombres en una marcha final. Los hombres que quedaban estaban tan débiles ninguno sobrevivió más allá de los . Cada vez que alguno de ellos colapsaba de cansancio, era disparado por un guardia japonés. Todos los prisioneros que se quedaron en Sandakan que no podían caminar fueron ejecutados o murieron de una combinación de enfermedad y hambre antes de la rendición de los japoneses el 15 de agosto de 1945.

Eventos posteriores
Debido a la combinación de falta de comida y el brutal tratamiento recibido por parte de los japoneses, solo quedaban 38 soldados vivos en Ranau al final de julio. Todos estaban muy enfermos y débiles como para realizar cualquier trabajo, y se ordenó que todos los sobrevivientes que quedaban debían ser ejecutados. Fueron disparados por los guardias durante el mes de agosto, posiblemente hasta 12 días después de que la guerra terminase el 14 agosto.

En total, solo seis soldados australianos lograron escapar. Durante las segundas marchas, el Cañonero Owen Campbell y el Bombardero Richard Braithwaite escaparon hacia la jungla, donde fueron asistidos por gente de la zona y eventualmente fueron rescatados por fuerzas aliadas. En el mes de julio, el soldado raso Nelson Short, el suboficial William Sticpewich, el soldado raso Keith Botterill y el Bombardero William Moxham lograron escapar de Ranau y también fueron ayudados por los locales, quienes los escondieron de los japoneses y les dieron de comer hasta el final de la guerra. De los seis sobrevivientes, solo tres sobrevivieron los efectos posteriores de su padecimiento para poder presentar las evidencias en varios tribunales de crímenes de guerra tanto en Tokio como en Rabaul. El mundo pudo escuchar los testimonios de los crímenes y atrocidades que habían sido cometidas. El Capitán Hoshijima fue encontrado culpable de crímenes de guerra y fue colgado el 6 de abril de 1946. El Capitán Takakuwa y su segundo al mando, Capitán Watanabe Genzo, fueron encontrados culpables de causar los asesinatos y las masacres de prisioneros de guerra y fueron colgados y fusilados el 6 de abril de 1946 y l 16 de marzo de 1946 respectivamente.

Unos jardines en memoria de los fallecidos en Sandakan y Ranau, además de un memorial de guerra, fueron construidos en Kundasang, Sabah en 1962.

Las Marchas de la muerte de Sandakan fueron dramatizadas en la obra de teatro de 2004 Treno de Sandakan (un treno es un himno de remembranza en honor a una persona muerta). La obra fue escrita por el compositor australiano Jonathan Mills, cuyo padre sobrevivió un periodo de encarcelamiento en Sandakan entre 1942-1943.

En 2011, estudiantes de teatro de 9.º y 10.º año de la Secundaria del Distrito de Toodyay en Australia Occidental redramatizaron una versión actualizada de la obra para radio de la ABC de 1947, Seis de Borneo, con la ayuda de la comunidad de Toodyay, incluyendo a la Radio Comunitaria de Toodyay, la Comarca de Toodyay y Toodyay RSL. El lanzamiento del Proyecto de Seis de Borneo contó con la presencia del Cónsul General de Malasia, Puan Hamidah Asahari, el historiador militar Lynette Silver, parientes de los prisioneros de Sandakan y miembros de la comunidad de Toodyay. El 9 de septiembre de 2011, la radio ABC (WA Perth 720) pasó pasajes de la grabación original por la primera vez desde 1947, además de pasajes de la nueva grabación. Una copia de la nueva grabación ha sido entregada al Archivo Nacional de Cine y Audio de Australia y a la biblioteca ABC en Perth, Australia Occidental.

Véase también
 Isla Berhala
 Marcha de la Muerte de Batán

 Guerra del Pacífico (1937-1945)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 A 360-degree view of the Sandakan War Memorial Monument
  The Sandakan Memorial Foundation
 Laden, Fevered, Starved: Remembering Sandakan
 Stolen Years Australian War Memorial. Australian Prisoners of War-Prisoners of the Japanese
 Australian Prisoners of War of the Japanese Reading List
 Sandakan
 Behind the Wire Australia's War: 1939-1945
 History of the War Memorial Park next to Sibuga FR Sabah Forestry Department
 Commemorating the Sandakan Death March ABC Western Australia Monday, 13 June  2005
 Lest We Forget Sandakan-Ranau Death March
 Sandakan Death March: Japanese Inhumanity Digger History: Unofficial history of the Australian & New Zealand Armed Services
 What happaned on the Sandakan Death March? ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee (Qld)
 The Sandakan Death March Pacific War Historical Society
  Japanese War Crime Tribunal Documents 1946-1948
  The University of New Mexico, University Libraries, Center for Southwest Research.Box 18, Folder 73:No. 1671A. Oct. 26, 1945. War Crimes. Sandakan Area. Joint Statement by Chen Kay, Chin Kin, and Lo Tong against Sgt. Naoji Rosotani, Kempei Tai. Box 20, Folder 57: No. 3211. IMTFE, sworn deposition of Takakura, Tadashi, 9-8-47. Captain Takakura Tadashi was the commander of the Sandakan Camp when the POWs were marched from Sandakan to Ranau, on the Second Death March, 29 May 1945
 Tourism and the Sandakan Death Marches

Borneo
Historia de Malasia
Masacres de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Japón en 1945
Masacres de prisioneros de guerra
Política en 1945
Reino Unido en 1945
Reino Unido en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Australia en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Indias Orientales Neerlandesas
Japón en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Guerra del Pacífico (1937-1945)

Marchas de la muerte de Sandakan


Ivica Barbarić (født 23. februar 1962) er en kroatisk fodboldspiller.

Jugoslaviens fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Kroatien

Ivica Barbarić


Hyoseris, biljni rod iz porodice glavočika smješten u podtribus Hyoseridinae. Postoje tri priznate vrste koje rastu uglavnom po Mediteranu

Malteški endem Hyoseris frutescens sinonim je za H. lucida subsp. frutescens, smatra se podvrstom vrste H. lucida

Vrste
 Hyoseris lucida L.
 Hyoseris radiata L.
 Hyoseris scabra L.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Hyoseridinae

Hyoseris


La Super alliance nationale ( abrégé NASA) est une coalition politique kényane de partis d'opposition de centre gauche formée en . Ces partis comprennent le Mouvement démocrate orange (ODM), le  (WDM), le  (FORD-Kenya), le  (ANC), le  (CCM), la Coalition nationale arc-en-ciel, le Parti progressiste du Kenya, le  (CCU) et le  (MP).

La coalition est créée pour s'opposer au président du Kenya  Uhuru Kenyatta et à son vice-président William Ruto lors des élections générales kényanes de 2017.

Résultats électoraux

Élections présidentielles

Élections parlementaires

Notes et références

Parti politique au Kenya
Parti politique fondé en 2017
Parti politique libéral en Afrique
Coalition de partis

Super alliance nationale


Der Purchas Hill (Māori:
Te Tauoma) ist einer der Vulkane des  und liegt nördlich des Mount Wellington. Der Schlackenkegel mit Doppelkrater war etwa 50 m hoch, bevor er bis auf wenige Überreste dem Steinbruch zum Opfer fiel.

Der Schlackenkegel befand sich in der Mitte eines großen Tuffringes. Er brach vor 10.000 Jahren kurz vor seinem größeren Nachbarn, dem Mt. Wellington, aus. Hochstetter benannte ihn nach dem Reverend Arthur Guyon Purchas (1821–1906) aus Dankbarkeit für dessen Hilfe bei seiner geologischen Arbeit.

Siehe auch

Literatur
 Ernest J. Searle, überarb. von R.D. Mayhill, Paul Longman: City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland  1981. Erstausgabe 1964, ISBN 0-582-71784-1.
 B.W. Hayward, G. Murdoch, G. Maitland: Volcanoes of Auckland: The Essential Guide. Auckland University Press 2011, ISBN 9781869404796.

Weblinks
  Kartendarstellung der Vulkane Mt. Wellington and Purchas Hill aus den 1850er Jahren

Einzelnachweise

Auckland Volcanic Field
Vulkan in Neuseeland

Purchas Hill


Lucian Romașcanu () este un om politic român, ales senator în 2016 în județul Buzău pe listele . În 2017 a îndeplinit funcția de ministru al culturii în guvernul Mihai Tudose.

Din ianuarie 2017 este Președintele Comisiei pentru cultură și media din Senatul României.

Din 25 noiembrie 2021 și pană în 15 iunie 2023 a redevenit ministrul Culturii în guvernul Nicolae Ciucă.

Referințe

Vezi și
 Legislatura 2016-2020 (Senat)
 Parlamentul României

Legături externe
 Activitatea parlamentară

Politicieni români în viață
Senatori români 2016-2020
Membri ai Partidului Social Democrat
Nașteri în 1967
Manageri români
Senatori români 2020-2024
Miniștri ai culturii români
Guvernul Ciucă
Focșăneni
Buzoieni
Nașteri pe 19 mai

Lucian Romașcanu


João Guimarães Rosa (27. juni 1908 i Cordisburgo i delstaten Minas Gerais i Brasilien - 19. november 1967 i Rio de Janeiro) var en brasiliansk diplomat og forfatter. Han bliver regnet som en af det 20. århundrede vigtigste brasilianske forfattere, han er mest kendt for boken Grande Sertão: Veredas (på dansk: Den store Sertão), som udkom første gang i 1956. Nogle sammenligner denne bog med James Joyces mesterværk Ulysses.

Bibliografi
 Caçador de camurças, Chronos Kai Anagke, O mistério de Highmore Hall e Makiné (1929)
 Magma (1936)
 Sagarana (1946)
 Com o Vaqueiro Mariano (1947)
 Corpo de Baile (1956)
 Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956).
 Primeiras Estórias (1962)
 Tutaméia ? Terceiras Estórias (1967)
 Em Memória de João Guimarães Rosa (1968,)
 Estas Estórias e Ave, Palavra (1969/1970)

Referencer

Forfattere fra Brasilien
Diplomater fra Brasilien

João Guimarães Rosa


Malé Chyndice este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Nitra din regiunea Nitra, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 381 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Malé Chyndice este atestată documentar din 1264.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Malé Chyndice


Raymondville is the name of two towns in the United States:

Raymondville, Missouri
Raymondville, Texas

Raymondville


Thomas Joyner (born November 23, 1949) is an American radio personality, host, philanthropist and former musician. Joyner is the former host of the nationally syndicated The Tom Joyner Morning Show, and also founder of Reach Media Inc., the Tom Joyner Foundation, and BlackAmericaWeb.com.

Early life
Joyner was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, the son of Frances and Hercules L. Joyner.  Tom came from an educated family:  his grandfather Oscar was one of only 3,000 black physicians in the United States, earning a degree in medicine in 1909. Both of his parents were graduates of historically black colleges, and both Tom and his brother Albert attended Tuskegee Institute, now known as Tuskegee University. Tom Joyner graduated with a degree in sociology. While a student at Tuskegee, Joyner joined the fraternity Omega Psi Phi.  At first, his goal was to be a musician, and he joined a band, the Commodores, that included his college friend Lionel Richie, but the band did not make any money and his family encouraged him to seek another way to make a living.

Radio career
Joyner had been involved in college radio and began his broadcasting career in Montgomery, Alabama immediately upon graduation, and worked at a number of radio stations in the South and Midwest, including stations in Dallas, Memphis and St. Louis, before moving to Chicago in early 1978. In Chicago, he first worked at WVON, doing the morning show, but left the station after only three months to work at a competitor, WBMX-FM.  By late July 1978, however, he had been hired away by Charles Mootry, general manager of station WJPC (AM) (now WNTD).  This station, named for "Johnson Publishing Company", was owned by John H. Johnson, publisher of Jet and Ebony. Joyner hosted the morning show at WJPC and, while there, gained his first national television exposure as the first host of the syndicated magazine series Ebony/Jet Celebrity Showcase.

In 1983, Joyner returned to Dallas to become morning host at KKDA-FM. Two years later, he was offered an afternoon show at WGCI-FM in Chicago. Instead of choosing between the two, Joyner chose to take the Chicago position while simultaneously remaining at the Dallas station. For eight years (1985–1993) he commuted daily by plane between the two cities, earning him the nicknames "The Fly Jock" and "The Hardest Working Man in Radio".  He later told Radio Ink magazine that he racked up seven million frequent flyer miles over the course of his employment at both stations; a travel agent had found him a $30,000 fare that would guarantee him a round-trip seat for five years. Joyner was able to work for both stations concurrently since neither of his two employment contracts had an exclusivity clause.

In 1994, Joyner was signed by ABC Radio Networks to host a nationally syndicated program, The Tom Joyner Morning Show, featuring Joyner and a team of comedians and commentators reporting and discussing the latest news and sports of the day, and playing popular R&B songs from the 1970s through the 1990s as well as contemporary R&B hits. Also featured were celebrity guests, on-site remotes (called "Sky Shows"), and an on-air soap opera, It's Your World which is currently not aired. Southwest Airlines is a prominent sponsor of the radio show, especially Joyner's "Sky Shows", and free round-trip airfare to any destination that Southwest flies to was a recurring giveaway on his show.

Upon signing a contract extension with Westwood on October 17, 2017, Joyner announced that he would retire at the agreement's end (2019), declaring "I'm retiring, and for the next two years we're going to reminisce, go down Memory Lane and talk about all the things that we've done for the past 25 years." He retired from his morning show on December 13, 2019.

The Tom Joyner Show
In 2005, a nationally syndicated television show, The Tom Joyner Show, was launched with Joyner as emcee of a one-hour comedy/variety show, combining sketch comedy featuring the Tom Joyner Show Players (his co-hosts from the radio show), talent contests, and musical performances by such artists as  Patti LaBelle; Earth, Wind and Fire; Brian McKnight; Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds; and Toni Braxton. The show attracted advertisers such as McDonald's, Chrysler Corporation, Walmart and Southwest Airlines.

While the program achieved top ratings for a weekly syndicated program themed to African American viewers — even taking the number one show position, although it was in a late night time slot — in such markets as New York and Atlanta, affiliates in other markets were reluctant to upgrade the show to prime time for a targeted audience. Without the opportunity to reach a larger audience in earlier time slots and achieve greater revenues, the show had limited ability to offset the residuals and music clearances required by the many performers appearing on the show.  Despite award recognition, in May 2006, Joyner decided not to continue due to production costs related to the music variety show concept. Re-runs are shown on TV One cable channel.  As for his radio career, Tom Joyner continues to be an influential broadcaster: the TJMS is heard live in over 100 cities, both on-air and via streaming audio, through its syndicator, Reach Media.

The Tom Joyner Foundation
Capitalizing on the popularity of the Tom Joyner Morning Show, Joyner founded The Tom Joyner Foundation. The mission of the foundation is to support historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) through student scholarship, endowment, and capacity building enhancements. In the foundation's first month, $20,000 was raised in 'Dollars for Scholars' scholarship money. Since 1998, it has raised more than $65 million to help keep students enrolled at HBCUs.

The charitable foundation prides itself in having the capability of providing donors specifics of what institution and what student is on the receiving end. The Tom Joyner Foundation also hosts an annual cruise named the Fantastic Voyage which also raises money for HBCUs.

Scholarships

The Hercules Scholarships

The Hercules Scholarship, named after Tom Joyner's late father, targets male HBCU students enrolled in the School of the Month program. The $1500 scholarship is awarded every Thursday to scholars selected by the School of the Month. Past schools include Dillard University, Stillman College, North Carolina A&T, and more.

Full Ride Scholarship

The Full Ride Scholarship is awarded to one freshman entering a HBCU each year, in recognition of academic distinction and personal qualities.

Programs

Veterans Education Program

Central State University in Wilberforce, Ohio, partnered with the foundation by donating $10,000 to jumpstart the program that offers support in the following areas:

 Education – Help veterans find appropriate classes and other programs to complete their undergraduate degrees or pursue advanced degrees.
 Counseling – Assist veterans in coordinating programs with Veteran Affairs departments at colleges, local, state and federal agencies.
 Supportive services – Assist veterans with housing, career, child care, and transitioning into mainstream life

Global Education

The Institute for Shipboard Education (ISE), which administers the Semester at Sea study abroad program, partnered with The Tom Joyner Foundation (TJF) to fund two full scholarships for students attending historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) to participate in global voyages. ISE and TJF  believe that international exposure is a critical element in today's undergraduate education, offering students a real-life global education experience that will give them an edge in this highly competitive job market. The program is open to students, regardless of their major.

Teacher Quality

The foundation is rekindling its partnership with the National Education Association for its Teacher Quality Program, formerly known as the Teacher Certification Program. The program is designed to create new K–12 teachers from HBCU students with a STEM focus.

Art Legacy

As part of its partnerships with black artists, the foundation is celebrating their contributions to HBCUs, the art world and society. These artists' works will be featured throughout the year on its website as well as selling limited editions of some of its pieces.

Fantastic Voyage cruise

Books and other media
In 2005 Warner Books published I'm Just a DJ but ... It Makes Sense to Me written with his longtime writer, Mary Flowers Boyce.  The book chronicles his childhood and early days in radio as well as offers Joyner's thoughts on Historically Black Colleges and Universities ("HBCUs"), the power of the black consumer and fatherhood. In February 2009, Amber Books published Tom Joyner Presents How to Prepare for College, a primer for parents and their children offering specific suggests and advice. The book features a foreword written by Joyner with writers Wil and Thomas LaVeist. He appeared with his father and grandfather in the documentary "Rising from the Rails: The Story of the Pullman Porter" crediting his family with passing down important values which he passed down to his sons as well. His grandfather Oscar "Doc" Joyner was a Pullman porter who became a medical doctor.

Tom Joyner has had cameo roles in two films-The Gospel (2005) and Madea Goes to Jail (2009). During the early 1980s he was a host of the Ebony/Jet Showcase, a syndicated television magazine program. He also had another television show, The Tom Joyner Sky Show (2003), and has appeared on many other television programs.

Personal life
With his first wife Dora, Joyner has two sons, Thomas Jr. and Oscar, whom he calls "Killer" and "Thriller". After divorcing his first wife, he married celebrity aerobics instructor-fitness expert Donna Richardson in July 2000. The two divorced in May 2012. Joyner is a descendant of North Carolina Supreme Court justice John Hall, and, according to a DNA analysis performed by African Ancestry Inc., is also descended partially from the Balanta people of Guinea-Bissau.

Philanthropy
Joyner has been an advocate for voter registration and throughout the year promotes voter registration over the air, on his website and during his live "Sky Shows" broadcasts. To improve healthy living, Joyner holds a "Take a Loved One to the Doctor Day" every April or September. On that day, he rallies families and friends to go to the doctor to get a check-up to prevent any health problems, and particularly treat any existing issues. Joyner participated in the 2011 Alzheimer's Association Walk to End Alzheimer's to raise awareness and funds for Alzheimer's research, care and support.

Awards
On October 7, 2004, Joyner was awarded the NAB Marconi Radio Award. In 1998, Joyner was the first African American to be inducted into The National Radio Hall of Fame in Chicago, Illinois. Joyner was inducted into the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame at the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site on January 12, 2008. Joyner was inducted into The Official R&B Music Hall of Fame on August 17, 2013, in Cleveland, Ohio, at Cleveland State University. On June 28, 2015, Joyner was awarded the Humanitarian Award at the 2015 BET Awards.

References

External links
 http://www.blackamericaweb.com/
https://tomjoynerfoundation.org/
 USA Today Q&A

1949 births
American people of Sierra Leonean descent
Living people

Radio personalities from Chicago
Radio personalities from Dallas
Tuskegee University alumni
People from Tuskegee, Alabama
African-American television personalities
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people

Tom Joyner


Das Branisko ist ein kleiner Gebirgszug in den inneren Westkarpaten im Osten der Slowakei, der die traditionellen Landschaften Zips und Šariš voneinander trennt. Das Gebirge erstreckt sich von Norden nach Süden. Seine Länge beträgt max. 18 km; die Breite variiert von 3 bis 8 km. Die höchsten Gipfel sind die Smrekovica () im Nordteil und die Sľubica () im Südteil.

Das Branisko grenzt an folgende geomorphologische Einheiten: die Leutschauer Berge (Levočské vrchy) und Spišská kotlina im Westen und Norden, Bachureň im Nordosten, Šarišská vrchovina im Osten und über den Fluss Hornád an Čierna hora (Teil des Slowakischen Erzgebirges) im Süden. Das ganze Gebirge gehört zum Einzugsgebiet des Hornád.

In höheren Lagen wächst Kiefern- und Fichten-Nadelwald, während weiter tiefer Mischwald mit Linden, Eichen und Hainbuchen dominiert.

Durch das Gebirge verläuft zurzeit der längste slowakische Autobahntunnel, der Branisko-Tunnel (4975 m lang).

Weblinks

Gebirge in der Slowakei
Gebirge in Europa
Gebirge in den Karpaten

Branisko (Gebirge)


Ognjičica (praseće zelje, smrdljiva ognjičica, lat. Aposeris), monotipski biljni rod iz porodice glavočika smješten u podtribus Hyoseridinae. Jedina vrsta je zeljasta trajnica iz velikog dijela Europe, u Hrvatskoj poznata kao smrdljiva ognjičica.

Latinsko ime roda dolazi od grčkih rijeli apo (različit) i seris (cikorija), što znači da je drugačija od cikorije, dok ime vrste foetida, označava neugodan miris ove biljke.

Uspravna glatka stabljika naraste do 20cm u visinu, a na vrhu se nalazi cvjetna glavica. Stabljika nema listova, nego oni rastu iz podanka uz nju. Mladi listovi su jestivi i sdrže veliku razinu vitamina C.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Hyoseridinae
Flora Europe
Flora Hrvatske

Ognjičica


"Când viața îți dă lămâi, fă limonadă" este o expresie proverbială utilizată pentru a încuraja optimismul și o atitudine pozitivă în fața unei adversități sau nenorociri. Lămâile sugerează acritura sau dificultatea din viață; a face din ele limonadă le transformă în ceva pozitiv sau de dorit.

Originea
Fraza este creația scriitorului Elbert Hubbard în 1915 când a scris și a publicat un articol despre moartea lui Marshall Pinckney Wilder. Articolul, intitulat The King of Jesters (Regele Bufonilor), a apreciat atitudinea optimistă al lui Wilder și realizările lui față de dizabilitățile pe care le avea:
"El a fost o respingere a acestei declarații dogmatice, Mens sana in corpore sano. A fost o minte sănătoasă într-un corp nesăbuit. El a dovedit paradoxul etern al lucrurilor. El a câștigat în urma dizabilităților lui. El a ridicat lămâile pe care soarta îi le trimisese și și-a făcut un stand de limonadă."

Deși expresia este creația lui Hubbard, mulți autori moderni
 i-o atribuie autorului de literatură motivațională Dale Carnegie, care a folosit-o în cartea sa din 1948 intitulată How to Stop Worrying and Start Living ("Lasă grijile, începe să trăiești"). Versiunea lui Carnegie spune:
"Dacă ai o lămâie, fă o limonadă." Carnegie l-a creditat pe Julius Rosenwald ca autor al expresiei.

Referințe

Proverbe

Când viața îți dă lămâi, fă limonadă


Clydesdale Football Club var skoskt knattspyrnufélag, stofnað árið 1872, sem lék til úrslita í fyrsta sinn sem keppt var um skoska bikarinn. Clydesdale F.C. var starfrækt í Glasgow og starfrækt í tengslum við samnefnt krikketfélag,

Kunnasti leikmaður Clydesdale F.C. var Robert Gardner, markvörður skoska landsliðsins í fyrsta viðurkennda landsleikum.

Skosk knattspyrnufélög

Clydesdale F.C.


جونسون توريبيونج ؛ (22 يوليو 1946 -)، رئيس جمهورية بالاو منذ 2009 حتى 2013. خلفه الرئيس تومي رمنجساو.

مراجع

خريجو كلية الحقوق في جامعة واشنطن
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ولاية أيراي
رؤساء بالاو
سفراء بالاو لدى تايوان
محامون بالاويون
مواليد 1946

جونسون توريبيونج


An Carex kaloides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Donald Petrie. An Carex kaloides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex kaloides