Évènements
 15 mai : consécration de la cathédrale Saint-Louis de Carthage
 23 juin : Création de 4 cardinaux par Léon XIII
 16 au 21 août : Congrès eucharistique international à Anvers.
 18 août : Saint Jean Damascène est proclamé Docteur de l'Église.
 8 septembre : profession religieuse et prise de voile de Thérèse de Lisieux

Naissances
  : Arnold J. Damen, prêtre jésuite et missionnaire belge aux États-Unis
 2 janvier : Bienheureuse Marie-Anne Blondin, religieuse canadienne
 6 janvier : Julien Le Couëdic, prélat français, évêque de Troyes
 13 janvier : Primo Mazzolari, prêtre, résistant et journaliste italien
 26 janvier : Eugène-Paul Coupat, missionnaire français, vicaire apostolique en Chine
 19 février : Eugène-Joseph-Marie Le Bellec, prélat français, évêque de Vannes
 27 février : Giuseppe Ricciotti, prêtre, bibliste, archéologue et historien italien
 5 mars : François Luneau, prêtre français, missionnaire en Océanie, vicaire apostolique des Tonga
 8 mars :
 Eugeniusz Baziak, prélat polonais, archevêque de Lviv
 Oswald von Nell-Breuning, prêtre jésuite, théologien et sociologue allemand
 18 mars : Bienheureux Innocent Guz, prêtre et martyr polonais du nazisme
 21 avril : Joseph Lenzel, prêtre allemand, opposant au nazisme exécuté
 23 mai : Friedrich von Schreiber, prélat allemand, archevêque de Bamberg
 8 juillet : Louis-Amédée Lefèvre, prélat et missionnaire français, premier archevêque de Rabat
 16 juillet : Carlos Carmelo de Vasconcelos Motta, cardinal brésilien, archevêque d'Aparecida
 9 août : Bienheureux Josef Pawlowski, prêtre et martyr polonais du nazisme
 14 août : Bienheureux Michael J. McGivney, prêtre américain, fondateur d'un mouvement de bienfaisance
 30 août : Bienheureux Pedro Asúa Mendía, prêtre et martyr espagnol
 2 septembre : Bienheureux Arnould Rèche, frère des écoles chrétiennes français
 11 septembre : Bienheureuse Maria Pierina De Micheli, religieuse italienne
 13 septembre : Bienheureux Antoni Leszczewicz, prêtre et martyr polonais du nazisme
 16 octobre : Sainte Maria Goretti, jeune fille italienne, martyre
 24 octobre : Thomas Tien Ken-sin, premier cardinal chinois, archevêque de Pékin
 29 octobre : Alfredo Ottaviani, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine
 3 novembre : Bienheureux Eustache van Lieshout, prêtre néerlandais, missionnaire au Brésil
 6 novembre : Alfonso Castaldo, cardinal italien, archevêque de Naples
 19 novembre : Lucien Polimann, prêtre, homme politique et collaborateur français
 15 décembre : Federico Callori di Vignale, cardinal italien, secrétaire particulier de Jean XXIII
 18 décembre : Bienheureux Édouard Poppe, prêtre belge
 29 décembre : Albert Willimsky, prêtre allemand, opposant au nazisme mort à Sachsenhausen

Décès
 2 janvier : Bienheureuse Marie-Anne Blondin, religieuse et fondatrice canadienne
 5 janvier : Bienheureuse Marie Repetto, religieuse italienne
 14 janvier : Paulin Martin, prêtre, orientaliste et bibliste français
  : Ignaz von Döllinger, prêtre, historien de l'Église et théologien allemand excommunié en 1871.
 16 janvier : Bienheureux Louis-Antoine Ormières, prêtre, éducateur et fondateur français
 24 janvier : Rudolph Borowski, prêtre et homme politique allemand
 25 janvier : Jean Gailhac, prêtre, fondateur et vénérable français
 26 janvier : Eugène-Paul Coupat, prélat français, missionnaire en Chine
 8 février : Giuseppe Pecci, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine
 27 février : Christoph Moufang, prélat allemand, administrateur diocésain de Mayence
 3 mars : Bienheureux Innocent de Berzo, religieux capucin italien
 22 mars : Désiré De Haerne, prêtre et homme politique belge
 16 avril : Sylvain Auguste de Marseul, prêtre et entomologiste français
 3 mai : Caspar Henry Borgess, prélat américain d'origine allemande, évêque de Détroit
 3 juin : Louis-Joseph d'Herbomez, prélat et missionnaire français au Canada
 31 juillet : Luigi Pallotti, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine
 8 août : Julien Costes, prélat français, évêque de Mende
 10 août : Pierre-Paul Stumpf, prélat français, évêque de Strasbourg
 11 août : Saint John Henry Newman, cardinal venu de l'anglicanisme
 3 octobre : Joseph Hergenröther, cardinal allemand de la Curie romaine
 20 octobre : Léonce Bridoux, prélat et missionnaire français en Tanzanie
 29 octobre : Louis-Charles Couturier, moine bénédictin, abbé de Solesmes
 13 novembre : Joseph Abbal, prêtre et homme politique français
 21 novembre : Bernard Collier, prélat et missionnaire britannique, évêque de Port-Louis

Notes et références

1890
XIXe siècle dans le catholicisme

1890 dans le catholicisme


أوزلم كونكر ، ممثلة تركية لها العديد من المسلسلات في تركيا وتألقت في العالم العربي بالمسلسل المدبلج (قصة شتاء) وقد أخذت دور البطولة (سحر) واشتهرت بهذا الاسم.

كما مثلت دور السلطانة بيدار (زوجة السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني ووالدة الأمير عبد القادر) في المسلسل التركي الذي عرض عام 2017 والذي يتحدث عن حياة السلطان العثماني عبد الحميد الثاني المتوفى سنة 1918 م.

مسلسلاتها
شاركت الفنانة التركية (أوزلم كونكر) بـ 6 مسلسلات وفيلم وهي مشهورة جدا بأدوارها المتنوعة وشخصيتها القوية وأدائها الرائع:

دورها في قصة شتاء Kinali Kar:

تقوم «أوزليم» في قصة شتاء بدور سحر بطلة المسلسل وهي فتاة جريئة، جميلة وقوية الشخصية تعيش في قرية كيناليكار وتقع بغرام علي الذي اتى من المدينة ولكن العادات والتقاليد تجبرها على الزواج من جبار اغا الذي يعاملها بقسوة..

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلات تركيات
ممثلات تلفزيون تركيات
ممثلات من أنقرة
مواليد 1393 هـ
مواليد 1973

أوزلم كونكر


Krempe å (tysk: Krempau og Kremper Au) er en å i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Holsten. Den er biløb til floden Stör i Kreis Steinburg og i Krempermarsch.

Åen strømmer gennem byen Krempe og spillede tidligere en rolle for skibsfart og handel på byen.

Floder i Slesvig-Holsten

Krempe å


Das österreichische Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort veranstaltet Bewerbe für österreichische Unternehmen. Dementsprechend werden dafür auch Staatspreise vergeben. Die Wettbewerbe werden üblicherweise in einem Zeitraum von ein bis zwei Jahren abhängig von der Thematik durchgeführt. Das Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort vergibt insgesamt 13 Staatspreise, darunter seit 2019 den Staatspreis Digitalisierung (2001 bis 2017 Staatspreis Multimedia und e-Business bzw. Staatspreis Digital Solutions).

Als Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft veranstaltete die Behörde Bewerbe für österreichische Unternehmen in 15 verschiedenen Sachgebieten.

Themen
(In alphabetischer Reihenfolge)

Weitere
Während die oben angeführten Preise unter alleiniger Schirmherrschaft des Ministeriums stehen, wird noch an der Auslobung des Staatspreises Umwelt- und Energietechnologie, an dem noch andere Ministerien und Organisationen teilgenommen.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Staatspreise der Republik Österreich
 Österreichischer Staatswappenträger

Weblinks
 Staatspreise des Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort

 Geschichte des Staatspreises für Design (PDF; 209 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Wirtschaft (Österreich)
Staatspreis (Österreich)
Liste (Auszeichnungen)

Liste der Staatspreise des österreichischen Bundesministeriums für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort


Alexander Chuka "Alex" Iwobi (Lagos, 3. svibnja 1996.)  nigerijski je profesionalni nogometaš, koji nastupa za reprezentaciju Nigerije i engleski Fulham.

Osobni život
Iwobi je rođen u Lagosu u Nigeriji, prije nego što se preselio u Englesku s 4 godine. Nećak je poznatoga nogometaša Jay-Jay Okoche.

Klupska karijera
Iwobi se pridružio Arsenalu još dok je išao u osnovnu školu, i bio je uvršten u prvu momčad, gdje je bio na klupi u Liga kupu protiv West Bromwich Albiona 25. rujna 2013. Novi ugovor s Arsenalom potpisao je u listopadu 2015. godine.

Dana, 27. listopada 2015. debitirao je za prvu momčad Arsenala u porazu od 3–0 protiv Sheffield Wednesdayja u osmini finala Liga kupa. Svoj premierligaški debi ostvario je 4 dana kasnije u gostujućoj pobjedi 3–0 protiv Swanseaja, kada je u sudačkoj nadoknadi zamijenio Mesuta Özila. Iwobi je debitirao u Ligi prvaka u porazu od 5–1 protiv Bayerna, gdje je ušao u igru u 85. minuti.

Promijenio je broj na dresu iz 47 u 17, nakon što je Alexis uzeo dres s brojem 7, nakon odlaska Tomáša Rosickoga.

Reprezentativna karijera
Nakon što je igrao za mlađu englesku selekciju, Iwobi se odlučio da zaigra za reprezentaciju Nigerije, za koju je debitirao 8. listopada 2015., nakon što je zamijenio Ahmeda Musu u 57. minuti utakmice, protiv Konga.

Izvori

Nigerijski nogometaši
Nogometaši Arsenala
Nogometaši Evertona
Nogometaši Fulhama
Aktivni nogometaši

Alex Iwobi


Torre do Terrenho Portekiz'de Trancoso belediyesine bağlı olan, 14,03 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 211 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Trancoso

Torre do Terrenho


La contracción del bloque d (a veces llamada contracción escándida) es un término usado en química para describir el efecto de que los Elementos del periodo 4 que tienen el orbital d lleno poseen un tamaño menor que los elementos del bloque d del mismo periodo de la tabla periódica.  Los elementos en cuestión son Ga, Ge, As, Se y Br. Sus configuraciones electrónicas poseen el orbital d completamente lleno (d10). La contracción del bloque d se ilustra mejor mediante la comparación de algunas propiedades de los elementos del grupo 13 para poner de relieve el efecto sobre el galio.

El caso del galio

Se ilustra especialmente bien en el caso del galio, cuyo tamaño es más pequeño de lo que debería, si se le compara con el tamaño del aluminio.

El galio puede ser considerado anómalo. El efecto más obvio es que la suma de los tres primeros potenciales de ionización del galio es superior a esa misma suma para el aluminio, mientras que la tendencia en el grupo sería que fuese más baja. En la segunda tabla se muestra la evolución de la suma de los tres primeros potenciales de ionización de los elementos B, Al, Sc, Y, La. Los elementos Sc, Y, y La son elementos del grupo 3 de la tabla periódica y tienen tres electrones de valencia por encima de una configuración electrónica de gas noble. En contraste con los elementos del grupo 13, esta secuencia muestra una reducción suave.

Otros efectos de la contracción del bloque d son que el ion Ga3+ es de menor tamaño que lo esperado, al estar más cerca en tamaño a Al3+. Se debe tener cuidado en la interpretación de los potenciales de ionización para el indio y el talio, pues otros efectos como por ejemplo, el efecto del par inerte son cada vez más importantes para los miembros más pesado del grupo.
La causa de la contracción del bloque d son el pobre apantallamiento de la carga nuclear por parte de los electrones en los orbitales d.  Los electrones de valencia exteriores están más fuertemente atraídos por el núcleo lo que provoca el incremento observado en los potenciales de ionización. La contracción del bloque d se puede comparar con la contracción lantánida o contracción del bloque f, que es causada por el inadecuado apantallamiento de la carga nuclear por los electrones que ocupan orbitales f.

El radio de los metales de transición
Este efecto también describe la tendencia en el radio atómico que experimentan los elementos del bloque d (metales de transición). Normalmente, la tendencia del radio atómico, al avanzar por un periodo de la tabla periódica, es que disminuye de manera significativa. En los metales de transición con electrones d, cuando nos movemos de izquierda a derecha en la tabla periódica, el radio atómico del elemento solo disminuye ligeramente. Esto es porque tienen la misma cantidad de electrones s, pero solo difieren en el número de electrones d. Estos electrones d se encuentran en una capa interna (capa penúltima) y los electrones son progresivamente añadidos a este nivel, sin crear nuevos niveles. Los electrones d no son buenos para apantallar la carga nuclear, por lo que el radio atómico no cambia mucho cuando se agregan nuevos electrones. Casi como sin tener en cuenta los electrones D que se agrega.

Véase también
 Contracción lantánida o contracción del bloque f.
 Contracción actínida

Referencias

 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.

Enlace químico
Propiedades periódicas

Contracción del bloque d


Universidade Nebrija (em : Universidad Nebrija) é uma instituição de ensino superior privada com campi em Madrid, na Espanha. Iniciou suas atividades em 28 de janeiro de 1995, e possui cerca de 5 mil alunos. É considerada uma das cinco melhores universidades privadas da Espanha.

Universidades da Espanha
Universidades privadas

Universidade Nebrija


The year 1944 in architecture involved some significant events.

Events
 March 9 – St. Nicholas Church, Tallinn, gutted during the bombing of Tallinn in World War II.
 Summer – Ministry of Works (United Kingdom) builds the first demonstration British temporary prefab houses designed for postwar reconstruction (in Northolt and on Millbank in London). The temporary wooden Jicwood bungalow is designed by Richard Sheppard in England.
 October – Destruction of Warsaw.
 The Greater London Plan and A Plan for Plymouth are published by Patrick Abercrombie.

Buildings and structures

Buildings
 Malmö City Theatre, Sweden, designed by Sigurd Lewerentz with Erik Lallerstedt and David Helldén in 1933, is completed.
 Fagersta airspace surveillance tower, Sweden, designed by Cyrillus Johansson, is completed.
 10050 Cielo Drive (site of the Manson murders in 1969) is built.

Awards
 AIA Gold Medal – Louis Sullivan.
 RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Edward Maufe.
 Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Claude Béraud.

Births
 January 2 – Bryan Avery, English architect (died 2017)
 January 9 – Massimiliano Fuksas, Italian architect
 January 19 – Thom Mayne, American architect
 January 25 – Bernard Tschumi, Swiss-born architect
 April 6 – Peter Murray, English architectural journalist
 April 24 – Maarja Nummert, Estonian architect
 June 1 – Rafael Viñoly, Uruguayan-born architect (died 2023)
 June 14 – Simo Paavilainen, Finnish architect
 July 15 – Stephen A. Lesser, American architect
 August 19 – Adrian Smith, American architect
 September 27 – Jan Utzon, Danish architect
 November 17 – Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect
 December 23 – Samuel Mockbee, American architect (died 2001)
 Dick Clark, American architect
 Spencer de Grey, English architect
 David Miller, American architect

Deaths

 January 1 – Sir Edwin Lutyens, English architect (born 1869)
 March 8 – Rudolf Wels, Czech architect, killed in Auschwitz concentration camp (born 1882)
 April 4 – Morris H. Whitehouse, American architect (born 1878)
 April 10 – Henry Price, English architect working in Manchester (born 1867)
 May 8 – Alexander Beer, German architect, died in Theresienstadt concentration camp (born 1873)
 May 26 – Walter Brugmann, Nazi German architect, died in aircraft crash (born 1887)
 September 6 – Clarence Perry, American town planner (born 1872)
 October 7 – P. Morley Horder, English architect (born 1870)
 October 23 – Wilson Eyre, American architect (born 1858)
 November 12 – Samuel Charles Brittingham, Australian architect (born 1860)
 December 4 – Benjamin Wistar Morris, American architect (born 1870)
 December 25 – Henry Budden, Australian architect (born 1871)
 Harry Little, American architect
 Watson Elkinah Reid, Canadian architect (born 1858)

References

1944 architecture

1944 in architecture


Albert Ranning født 1998, er en dansk atlet medlem af Københavns IF.

Ranning deltog ved EM-U23 2019 i Gävle i Sverige, hvor han blev nummer 24 på 100 meter med tiden 11,00.

Danske mesterskaber
  2019 100 meter
  2019 200 meter-inde
  2018 4x100 meter
  2017 4x100 meter

Personlige rekorder
Ude
 100 meter: 10,40 2019
 150 meteer: 16,47 2018
 200 meter: 21,32 2019
 300 meter: 35,25 2018
 Længdespring: 6,83 2015
 Højdespring: 1,90 2014
Inde
 60 meter: 6,96 2019
 200 meter: 22,22 2018

Eksterne henvisninger

 Albert Ranning profil hos Dansk Atletik Forbund

Sprintere fra Danmark
Atleter fra Københavns IF

Albert Ranning


Ubuschin steht für:
 Klein Ubuschin, deutscher Name der Gemeinde Ubušínek im Okres Žďár nad Sázavou, Tschechien
 Groß Ubuschin, deutscher Name des Ortsteils Ubušín des Fleckens Jimramov im Okres Žďár nad Sázavou, Tschechien

Ubuschin


Slalom konkurrencen for herrer under vinter-OL 2018 i Pyeongchang, i Sydkorea blev afholdt den 22. februar 2018 med første gennemløb kl. 10:15 (lokal tid) og andet gennemløb kl. 13:45 (lokal tid) på Yongpyong Alpine Centre.

Konkurrencen
Skiløberne blev sendt af sted enkeltvis med to gennemløb og de tre der passerede målstregen i den samlede hurtigste tid tildeltes medaljerne. Der deltog i alt 93 skiløbere i konkurrencen, men blot de 43 gennemførte begge gennemløb. En af de udgåede i første gennemløb var Casper Dyrbye Næsted.

Resultat

Medaljeoversigt

Referencer

Eksterne Henvisninger
 Alpint skiløb  på pyeongchang2018.com
 Det internationale skiforbund på fis-ski.com

Slalom - Herrer

Alpint skiløb under vinter-OL 2018 – Slalom – Herrer


The Monument to the People's Heroes () is a ten-story obelisk that was erected as a national monument of China to the martyrs of revolutionary struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries. It is located in the southern part of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, in front of the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong. The obelisk monument was built in accordance with a resolution of the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference adopted on November 30, 1949, with construction lasting from August 1952 to May 1958. The architect of the monument was Liang Sicheng, with some elements designed by his wife, Lin Huiyin.  The civil engineer, Chen Zhide (陈志德) was also instrumental in realizing the final product.

The monument has also served as the center of large-scale mourning activities that later developed into protest and unrest, such as the deaths of Premier Zhou Enlai (which developed into the 1976 Tiananmen Incident) and Hu Yaobang (which later developed into the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, which was claimed as an anti-government movement by the Chinese Communist Party at that time).

Description
The -tall  monument covers an area of . It weighs over  and contains about 17,000 pieces of marble and granite from Qingdao, Shandong Province, as well as from the nearby Fangshan District.

On the pedestal of the tablet are huge bas-reliefs depicting eight major revolutionary episodes, which can be read in chronological order in a clockwise direction from the east:
 Destruction of opium at Humen (1839), in the run-up to the First Opium War
 Jintian Uprising, the catalyst for the Taiping Revolution (1851)
 Wuchang Uprising, the catalyst for the Xinhai Revolution (1911)
 May 4th Movement (1919)
 May 30 Movement (1925)
 Nanchang Uprising (1927)
 War of Resistance Against Japan (1931-1945)
 Yangtze River Crossing Campaign of the Chinese Civil War (1949)

On the front of the monument is an inscription in Mao Zedong's handwriting, which reads, "Eternal glory to the people's heroes!" ().

On the back of the monument is an epitaph written by Mao Zedong:

The time framing of since the 1840s was intended to encompass the China's modern history beginning with the Opium Wars, thereby framing the period of the 1840s to the 1940s as an anti-imperialist and revolutionary century.

Commemoration

The conduct of commemoration activities at the Monument to the People's Heroes is regulated by the Major Events Administration Office of the Tiananmen Area Administrative Committee. Strict rules apply to conduct within the vicinity of the monument. Since the protests of 1989 (during which the Monument was a rallying point for the protestors), the government has prohibited climbing the monument beyond the protective barrier without prior approval, as well as photography and filming. Today, those intending to lay wreaths at the monument must apply five days in advance.

Since 1980, it has been customary for visiting foreign dignitaries, especially from historical allies of the People's Republic of China, such as post-Soviet states, to lay wreaths at the monument when visiting Beijing. Certain domestic groups, such as police and military units, would also sometimes lay wreaths at the monument.

See also

 History of Beijing
 Monument to the People's Heroes (Shanghai)
 China Millennium Monument

References

Further reading

External links

1958 sculptures
Buildings and structures in Beijing
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Beijing
Obelisks in China
Tiananmen Square
Tourist attractions in Beijing
World War II memorials in China
Dongcheng District, Beijing

Monument to the People's Heroes


The University of West Georgia is a public university in Carrollton, Georgia. The university offers a satellite campus in Newnan, Georgia, select classes at its Douglasville Center, and off-campus Museum Studies classes at the Atlanta History Center in Atlanta, Georgia. A total of 13,238 students, including 10,411 undergraduate and 2,827 graduate, were enrolled as of Fall 2019. The university is also one of four comprehensive universities in the University System of Georgia.

History

In 1906 the decision to create the Fourth District Agricultural and Mechanical School occurred in response to a call for a "more realistic educational program for rural youth" aged 13 to 21. The Bonner plantation was chosen as the location for the school.

John H. Melson served as the school's first principal from 1908 to 1920. John Melson and his wife Penelope worked intimately alongside the students who attended the school and further enhanced the institution. In addition, Penelope Melson was the one responsible for creating the library at the college. In January 1908, she conducted a "book shower" which provided the school with a little over 300 manuscripts.

In 1920 Irvine S. Ingram, whom UWG's library is named after, became Melson's successor and the second principal of the A&M school. He married fellow faculty member Martha Munro in 1921 and they had one daughter, Anne, in 1924. Ingram was instrumental in developing the concept of "extension" education and adult-education offerings along with a summer school program for local teachers to develop their skills. The school's name (Fourth District Agricultural and Mechanical School) was changed to West Georgia College in 1933 and it became a two-year institution.  When this occurred, Ingram became the college's first president. He served until 1960 and was succeeded by William H. Row. Shortly after, Row died from a heart attack and Ingram filled in as president for six months in 1961 until James E. Boyd was appointed to the position. While president, Ingram saw West Georgia become a four-year institution in 1957. He can also be credited with obtaining a substantial grant of $250,000 from the Rosenwald Foundation used to expand the college's facilities and programs, including the Sanford building, originally used as a library and creating the College in the Country program, initially an adult or continuing education program that eventually involved student teachers from the college, and foreign exchange programs that brought national recognition to the college.

James E. Boyd, a graduate of the University of Georgia, Duke University, and Yale University, became the president of West Georgia College in 1961. Boyd is most known for peacefully integrating the campus (without waiting for a court order) in 1963 by inviting a young black woman, Lillian Williams, to attend the college; she would eventually earn two degrees in education and earn the college's highest honor, the Founder's Award, in 1985.

In May 1964, Boyd invited Robert F. Kennedy to the dedication of the campus chapel as the Kennedy Chapel, as U.S. president John F. Kennedy's death had occurred in November 1963. Robert would promote the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which was being debated in the United States Senate.

Boyd dramatically expanded the college during his tenure in both headcount and academic diversity. In sheer numbers, there were 1089 students upon his arrival and 5503 students upon his departure. In 1959, there were two degrees and five programs available; in 1969–70 there were seven degrees and 45 programs. There were 94 graduate students in 1961 and 741 in 1969, due to the first master's programs being offered in 1967.

In 1969 alone, 80 new faculty members were hired, a number larger than the total number of faculty members a decade prior. Several new buildings, including but not limited to nine residence halls and five academic buildings, were constructed. Policy changes occurred as well: in 1966, the curfew for junior and senior women was abolished, and fraternities and sororities were allowed on campus. In 1970, Boyd was named Georgia's first vice chancellor for academic development, effective once his successor was found, which occurred in 1971; it was Emory University and Duke University graduate Ward Pafford.

Segregation
Until 1963, the college did not admit African-American students. In 1955 and 1956 Jeff Long, a teacher at Carver High School, encouraged students to apply for admission to West Georgia. Every senior applied, and every student was denied admission on the basis of their race. President Boyd racially integrated the campus in 1963. The first Black student was Lillian Williams, a mother or 4 and teacher in the non-integrated Carroll County School System. In 2002, President Sethna apologized to the Carver class of 1955. A scholarship fund has been started for descendants of the Carver students who were denied admission. There is also a scholarship in the name of Lillian Williams, for any mothers who want to start or continue their education.

Academics
The university offers numerous programs of study at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels through the Richards College of Business, the Tanner Health System School of Nursing, the College of Education, the College of Arts, Culture, and Scientific Inquiry, and the Honors College. The university also offers Certificate Programs and Specialist programs for Educators to help undergraduate and graduate students better their profession.  In addition, the university was one of few in the United States to hold a residential, early entrance to college opportunity for high school juniors and seniors, the Advanced Academy of Georgia. Advanced Academy students took college courses and resided on campus under the supervision of professional residential staff.

Psychology program
The university is one of only two public universities in the United States offering a psychology program with a humanistic and transpersonal focus. In 1967, Mike Arons, a student of Abraham Maslow, Paul Ricoeur, and Jim Klee became chair of the West Georgia psychology department. Jim Thomas, then on the psychology faculty at West Georgia, and others had asked Maslow to recommend someone to them to initiate a humanistic emphasis there, and Arons was Maslow's recommendation.

The department has offered a Ph.D. in psychology since the fall of 2011.  In February 2011 The Ph.D., "Psychology: Consciousness and Society," was approved by the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia.

The psychology department has the most diverse student base within the University of West Georgia, with many of the doctoral students coming from Ivy League and other first-tier universities. Many of the students are either international or have had experience living abroad.

2019 faculty lay-offs
In the fall semester of 2019, UWG issued non-renewal letters to numerous tenure track faculty that informed them they would be let go at the end of the Spring 2020 semester. Student protests ensued as some students were outraged faculty were let go before considering other options. The faculty that were non-renewed/laid off remain so and have been informed the decision stands as of January 2020.

Student life
Students have access to 160 student organizations covering academics, cultural/international, departmental/educational, professional and honor groups, politics, science, religion, service, recreation and sports, health center, and social fraternities and sororities. In order to be a part of a fraternity or sorority, one must have a certain GPA, as well as above freshman classification.

UWG's marching band consists of over 100 members and is known for its high energy and athleticism.  Each performance finishes with the band playing and dancing to the hit tune "Long Train Runnin'".  The Jazz Percussion Group has also performed throughout Europe and the United States as well as jazz festivals and state conferences. The JPG has brought numerous honors to the university since its beginning in 2003.

The pedestrian campus also includes a library with 561,900 volumes, a gym with an eighth-mile indoor running track, computer labs, tennis courts, baseball fields, soccer fields, a nature trail, a quarter-mile (400 m) running track, two climbing walls, and basketball courts.

The university once operated a noncommercial radio station, WUWG, at 90.7 MHz. It had been on the air since 1973 as WWGC until 2001, serving all of Carrollton and Carroll County, as well as the student body of the university. Originally a diverse college radio station, it is now a listener-supported public radio affiliate of Georgia Public Broadcasting, simulcasting the GPB radio network most of the time.

In the Fall of 2009, the Mass Communications department soft-launched The WOLF Internet Radio. The station officially debuted in April 2010, after two months of limited programming from its studio in the basement of the Anthropology Building. The station's motto is "For students by students." Two grants from the Technology Fee Committee, totaling about $72,600, kick-started the station.

Greek Village
Acting as a small community within the larger UWG community, the  Greek Village features 18 houses ranging in size. These houses are complete with a living and or chapter room, kitchen, laundry facilities, a mix of single and double bedrooms, and semi-private bathrooms. Also included within the village are outdoor green spaces, adequate parking, and a commons building. Greek Village has also recently added a pavilion, a basketball court, a volleyball court, and a fireplace with grills for everyone's use.

The effort to create such a facility allows for the university to not only expand its housing offerings but also attract new students to UWG, making it more of a destination university. Additionally, within the Greek system at UWG, there are three different governing councils: Panhellenic, Interfraternity, and National Pan-Hellenic. In creating the Greek Village, it became possible for these different groups to share a space together for the first time.

Student demographics
The University of West Georgia has published a "Fact Book" containing statistical data, trend analyses, and interpretative highlights on a wide variety of topics concerning the university since 1980–1981. All editions of the UWG Fact Book are housed in the Office of Institutional Effectiveness and Assessment. Additionally, all Fact Books from 1980–1981 to the present are available online.

Composition of Student Body by Race and Gender

Athletics

The athletics program fields men's intercollegiate teams in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, and golf and women's teams in basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track, volleyball, and competition cheerleading. All intercollegiate sports are affiliated with NCAA Division I as a member of the ASUN Conference effective July 1, 2024.  In 2006, amid the Native American mascot controversy, the UWG changed its athletic nickname from the "Braves" to the "Wolves."

Notable alumni

Notable faculty

 Roger Kaiser, Former UWG men's basketball coach and athletic director
 Newt Gingrich, History Professor (1970–1978), Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1995–1999)

References

Further reading

External links

West Georgia Athletics website

Universities and colleges established in 1906
University of West
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Education in Carroll County, Georgia
Buildings and structures in Carroll County, Georgia
1906 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)

University of West Georgia


An Paramapania longirostris in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Georg Kükenthal, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Hendrik Uittien. An Paramapania longirostris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paramapania, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Paramapania

Paramapania longirostris


An Danthonia cumminsii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Danthonia cumminsii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Danthonia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Danthonia

Danthonia cumminsii


Sevilla Fútbol Club er knattspyrnufélag sem er starfrækt í Sevilla á Spáni, sem er höfuðborg og stærsta borg sjálfsstjórnarhéraðsins Andalúsíu. Sevilla keppir í efstu deild á Spáni, La Liga. Sevilla hefur unnið flesta titla í Evrópubikarnum eða sjö titla síðast árið 2023 auk þess að hafa unnið Evrópska ofurbikarinn einu sinni sem gerir Sevilla eitt af sigursælustu liðinum í Evrópukeppnum. Auk þess hefur Sevilla orðið spænskur meistari einum sinni, tímabilið 1945-46, unnið fimm Spænska Bikarmeistaratitla (1935, 1939, 1948, 2007 og 2010), einn Spænskan Ofurbikar (2007) auk eins Evrópsks Ofurbikars (2006).

Titlar
La Liga
 Sigrar (1): 1945-46
 Númer tvö (4): 1939-40, 1942-43, 1950-51, 1956-57
Copa del Rey
 Sigrar (5): 1935, 1939, 1947–48, 2006–07, 2009–10
 Númer tvö (4): 1955, 1961–62, 2015–16, 2017–18
Evrópudeildin (7): 2005–06, 2006–07, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2019–20, 2022-23
Íþróttafélög frá Sevilla
spænsk knattspyrnufélög
stofnað 1890

Sevilla FC


La chilacoa café, gallito de agua pardo  o cotara morena (Aramides wolfi) es una especie de ave de la familia Rallidae, que se encuentra en Colombia, Ecuador y posiblemente en Perú.

Hábitat
Se ha registrado con mayor frecuencia en los manglares, pero también se ha encontrado en el bosque, bosque secundario, bordes de bosques fluviales, pantanos y bosques ribereños pantanosos, preferentemente a menos de 100 m de altitud, pero hasta los 1.500  Está amenazada por pérdida de hábitat; se calcula que perdió el 76% de su hábitat, el 30% en 10 años.

Descripción
Mide 33 a 36 cm de longitud. La mayoría del plumaje es de color castaño rojizo rufo; cabeza gris ceniza, con escudo frontal amarillo, pico verde, iris rojo y la garganta blancuzca; el cuello, pecho y parte superior del dorso son de color rufo canela; el vientre  de color castaño oliváceo; crísum y grupa negros. Las patas son rojas.

Alimentación
Se alimenta de cangrejos pequeños, caracoles, insectos y semillas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Aramides
Aves del Chocó
Taxones descritos por Hans von Berlepsch
Taxones descritos por Władysław Taczanowski
Animales descritos en 1884

Aramides wolfi


Grøn junglehøne () er en hønsefugl, der lever i det sydlige Indonesien.

Kilder
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra Indonesien
Junglehøns

Grøn junglehøne


Sutter Delta Medical Center is a 145-bed general medical/surgical hospital in Antioch, California. A Level II Trauma Center, Sutter Delta is a not-for-profit teaching hospital and is ranked as a High Performing hospital for COPD and heart failure. It is part of Sutter Health.

Originally founded as Antioch Hospital in 1927, it became Delta Memorial Hospital in the 1960s and joined Sutter Health in 1990. As of 2020, the CEO is Sherrie Hickman, who previously worked at Sutter Novato Community Hospital and in leadership roles at Kaiser Permanente and Dignity Health.

See also
 List of hospitals in California

References

Hospitals in Contra Costa County, California
Hospitals in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sutter Health

Sutter Delta Medical Center


Banengo est un quartier de zone urbaine de la commune d'arrondissement de Bafoussam I dans le département de la Mifi, région de l'Ouest du Cameroun.

Administration
Banengo Ville est le siège d'un centre d'état-civil secondaire de la commune de Bafoussam I.

Chefferies traditionnelles
Le quartier compte six chefferies traditionnelles de  degré de l'arrondissement de Bafoussam I : Banengo Village 1, Village 2, Village 3, Ville A, Ville B et Ville C.

Enseignement
Le quartier compte plusieurs établissements d'enseignement secondaire, lycée technique de Banengo, collège de l'éthique éducative, collège Voltaire, collège Tama.

Œuvres sociales
Le quartier abrite l'établissement spécialisé du Centre d'Intégration Scolaire et Professionnelle pour Aveugles et Malvoyants (CISPAM) installé en 1996.

Cultes
Les paroisses catholiques Saint Jean-Paul II des Brasseries et Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel de Banengo-Antenne relèvent de la doyenné Tamdja du diocèse de Bafoussam. Plusieurs dénominations protestantes sont représentés telles que EEC de Banengo, Témoins de Jéhova, Vraie Église de Dieu du Cameroun, Presbyterian Church PCC, Mission du plein évangile. Le culte musulman est pratiqué à la mosquée de Banengo.

Économie
 Zone industrielle de Bafoussam-Banengo

Médias
La colline de Banengo abrite un centre de diffusion radio de la CRTV.

Notes et références

Ville dans la région de l'Ouest (Cameroun)
Ville et village bamiléké

Banengo


جبل قْرِيبِيصَة جبل يقع بشمال غربي الجمهورية التونسية بولاية جندوبة، شمال غربي مدينة جندوبة ووادي مليز. يبلغ ارتفاعه 877 متر عن مستوى سطح البحر.

قريبيصة

جبل قريبيصة


Le Musée Segantini de Saint-Moritz en Suisse, expose des œuvres du peintre Giovanni Segantini. Il a ouvert ses portes à l'été 1908 et a été achevé en septembre de la même année. Il a été construit selon les plans de l'architecte Nicolaus Hartmann (1880-1956) comme une sorte de monument accessible. Le bâtiment au dôme puissant s'inspire du pavillon que Segantini avait prévu pour son panorama de l'Engadine à l'Exposition universelle de 1900 à Paris. Contrairement aux plans originaux de Segantini, Hartmann a réduit sa taille, ajouté des étages et utilisé des pierres locales au lieu d'une construction en fer.

Histoire
En 1907, l'ami et médecin de Giovanni Segantini, le Dr. Oskar Bernhard, de retour d'un voyage dans le sud de l'Italie, rend visite au marchand d'art de Segantini, Alberto Grubicy, à Milan. Au cours de leur conversation, l'idée de fonder un musée à Saint-Moritz surgit. Il soumet le projet à un cercle d'amis qui forment une « Comitatio per il Museo Segantini » (« Comité pour le musée Segantini »). Trois lignes directrices sont fixées pour la construction du musée : l'axe principal du musée doit faire face à l'est vers la cabane où Segantini est mort sur le Schafberg ; le bâtiment doit se fondre dans le flanc de la montagne et s'imposer comme un monument ; le bâtiment est destiné à évoquer le pavillon conçu par Segantini pour l'exposition de Paris de 1900.

Les négociations aboutissent à un contrat entre le marchand d'art milanais Grubicy et la St. Moritzer Bank AG. Il est convenu que la banque accordera un prêt de 300 000 francs suisses. En garantie, le marchand dépose un certain nombre de peintures et de dessins de Segantini, qui doivent constituer la base du musée. Le montant des œuvres est fixé à 750 000 francs et Grubicy s'engage à en faire don au musée dans un délai de trois ans.

À l'occasion du neuvième anniversaire de la mort de Segantini, le 28 septembre 1908, le musée est inauguré, et ouvert en juin 1909 et remis à la commune de Saint-Moritz. Dans son discours, Oskar Bernhard déclare que le musée n'a pas de tableaux propres, car il s'agit de dépôts de la Galleria Vittore ed Alberto Grubicy, qui, selon le contrat, sont mis à la disposition du musée pendant trois ans. Si les fonds nécessaires à l'achat des œuvres, estimés à CHF 750'000, ne sont pas réunis, la galerie aura la possibilité de vendre les tableaux ailleurs.

La « Comitatio per il Museo Segantini » doit agir rapidement si elle veut empêcher la revente des œuvres et se tourne vers le gouvernement fédéral et la Fondation Gottfried Keller. Un autre contrat est conclu avec Grubicy en juillet 1911, selon lequel le Triptyque des Alpes, sans la pièce maîtresse Sein, doit devenir la propriété du musée pour une valeur de 475 000 francs. La pièce médiane, que Gubicy a vendue en 1906 pour 160 000 lires au prince Wagram à Paris, est réunie grâce à un accord avec celui-ci.

Le musée est financé avec l'aide de la Fondation Gottfried Keller, qui reprend le montant de 250 000 francs à la condition que le « Comitatio per il Museo Segantini » lève un montant de 225 000 francs sur la base d'un plan de paiement avancé au comité par l'Administration fédérale des finances.

Le début de la première Guerre mondiale empêche le « Comitatio per il Museo Segantini » de remplir ses obligations envers l'administration financière. La dernière tranche ne pourra être payée qu'en 1928 au lieu de 1923 comme prévu. Le triptyque et la collection appartiennent désormais définitivement au musée.

La construction

Fidèle au goût alpin, le musée se présente comme modeste et plutôt austère. Il a un diamètre de 12,5 m et est inséré dans la pente raide de la forêt. Les murs sont en pierre de taille locale, le toit est recouvert de dalles en pierre locale de Malenco. En 1981, un premier changement de structure a lieu, lors duquel une salle est ajoutée à l'arrière du musée, qui n'est pas visible de l'avant, afin de pouvoir présenter la collection, qui s'est entre-temps considérablement agrandie.

Une sculpture en marbre du sculpteur italien Leonardo Bistolfi se dresse devant le musée. Elle a été créée vers 1904 et porte l'inscription « La bellezza liberata dalla materia - a Giovanni Segantini » (« La Beauté libérée de la matière - pour Giovanni Segantini »). Elle était à l'origine destiné à la tombe de Segantini à Maloja.

Œuvres
Outre les photographies de l'artiste et de sa famille, le musée présente une cinquantaine d'œuvres de toutes les périodes de création de Segantini, dont parmi les plus connues, l'Ave Maria en transbordement, prêt permanent de la Fondation Otto Fischbacher Giovanni Segantini (Version 2, 1886), Femme des Grisons à la fontaine (1887), Messe du matin (1885) et Midi dans les Alpes (1891).

L'œuvre principale de Segantini, le Triptyque des Alpes, est exposée dans la grande salle en forme de dôme à l'étage supérieur. L'éclairage est assuré par plusieurs puits de lumière, qui permettent aux couleurs de l'œuvre d'apparaître différemment selon l'heure de la journée et l'incidence de la lumière. Werden montre la prairie le soir à Soglio, Sein une large vue depuis le Schafberg et Verfallen le paysage enneigé de Maloja avant le lever du soleil. La partie centrale, Sein, rappelle le lien géographique entre le musée et la cabane où Segantini est mort : au point « entre l'horizon sombre des montagnes et le lac de Saint-Moritz, où les lignes du ciel infini rayonnant se rejoindraient, a été construit le musée Segantini. ». Un buste de Segantini par Paul Troubetzkoy est également exposé.

Références

Bibliographie
 Comitatio Segantini St. Moritz (éd. ), Giovanni Segantini und das Segantini-Museum in St. Moritz. Engadin Press AG, Samedan 1968.
 Daniela Tobler, Guido Magnaguagno (éd.), Giovanni Segantini. 1858-1899. Kunsthaus Zurich, Zurich 1990, (catalogue d'exposition, 9. Novembre 1990 au 3. février 1991).
 Reto Bonifazi, Segantini. Ein Leben in Bildern. Werd-Verlag u. a., Zurich 1999, .
 Dora Lardelli, The Segantini Museum in St. Moritz. (Schweizerische Kunstführer, n° 480). Hrsg. Gesellschaft für Schweizerische Kunstgeschichte GSK. Berne 1994, .

Liens externes

Bien culturel d'importance nationale dans le canton des Grisons
Musée dans le canton des Grisons
Musée d'art en Suisse
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Musée Segantini


Şalcılar, Bayburt ilinin Aydıntepe ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski adı Hapuşki'dir. Yerleşim 1530 yılı Osmanlı tahririnde Hapuşki adıyla Bayburd kazasına bağlı bir köy olarak görülmektedir. 1591 yılı tahririne göre köyde sadece erkek nüfus kaydedilmiş olup yerleşimde 33 Hristiyan ve 2 Müslüman olmak üzere toplam 35 nefer (erkek) yaşamaktadır. Bu tarihte köye bağlı Köşepınar adlı birde mezraa bulunmaktadır. 1642 yılı avarız defterinde Hapuşke adıyla yer alan yerleşimde, 3 Müslüman ve 3 Hristiyan olmak üzere toplam 6 hane ile 2 askeri görevli bulunmaktadır. 1902 yılına ait Ermenice bir kaynakta Xapuşgi olarak bahsedildiği belirtilmektedir.

Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin kurulmasıyla da Hapuşki olarak görülen köyün adı 1959 yılında, "yabancı kökten geldiği ve iltibasa yol açtığı" gerekçesiyle 7267 sayılı kanunla Şalcılar olarak değiştirilmiş ve 1960 yılı nüfus sayımından itibaren yeni adıyla kayıtlarda yer almaya başlamıştır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Bayburt il merkezine 27 km, Aydıntepe ilçe merkezine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Yerelnet

Aydıntepe belde ve köyleri

Şalcılar, Aydıntepe


La iglesia de San Francisco Javier se encuentra en el municipio madrileño de Nuevo Baztán. La iglesia se encuentra adyacente al Palacio de Goyeneche, ambos diseñados por el arquitecto José Benito Churriguera y construidos entre 1709 y 1713. La iglesia recibió la declaración de Monumento Histórico Artístico en el año 1941, junto con el Palacio de Goyeneche, anexo a la edificación, y las dos plazas situadas en la parte delantera y trasera. En el año 2000 el conjunto monumental fue catalogado como Bien de Interés Cultural por parte de la Comunidad de Madrid.

Características

La iglesia está consagrada a san Francisco Javier, copatrón de Navarra. Su fachada principal está integrada por una portada y dos torres, de 27,5 m de alto, que flanquean cada lado y que doblan la altura del palacio. Están rematadas por tejados de pizarra a cuatro aguas, que recuerdan los chapiteles del estilo herreriano, por la forma de sus flechas, coronadas con veletas.

La portada presenta estructura de entablamento. Se sostiene sobre cuatro columnas, entre las cuales se sitúa un arco de medio punto, adornado con moldura barroca. Su elemento ornamental más significativo es la hornacina donde se ubica una figura de san Francisco Javier.

El interior destaca por su profusa decoración, especialmente en lo que respecta al retablo del altar mayor, obra del propio Churriguera. Realizado, en su mayor parte, en mármol rojo, está presidido por una escultura de san Francisco Javier. En la parte superior, aparece un medallón, donde se representa al santo bautizando a un rey infiel, acompañado por dos indios.

En el templo se conservan diferentes tallas de marfil, entre las que cabe citar las imágenes del Cristo del Socorro, de San Juan Bautista, de la Sagrada Familia y de una Virgen con el Niño. El coro se comunica interiormente con el palacio, lo que permitía a la familia de Goyeneche tener un acceso directo a la iglesia desde el interior.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

San_Francisco_Javier_(Nuevo_Baztán)
San_Francisco_Javier_(Nuevo_Baztán)
Nuevo Baztán
Monumentos de Nuevo Baztán
Arquitectura churrigueresca en España
Arquitectura de 1709
España en 1709
Iglesias católicas de la Comunidad de Madrid
Nuevo Baztan

Iglesia de San Francisco Javier (Nuevo Baztán)


A Ascensão do Homem (The Ascent of Man em inglês) é uma série de televisão documental britânica de 13 partes produzida pela BBC e Time-Life Films transmitida pela primeira vez em 1973. Foi escrita e apresentada pelo matemático e historiador da ciência britânico Jacob Bronowski, que também escreveu uma adaptação em forma de livro. Concebida como uma série de documentários de "visão pessoal" à maneira da série Civilization de Kenneth Clark de 1969, a série recebeu elogios pela análise altamente informada, mas eloquentemente simples de Bronowski, seus longos e elegantes monólogos e suas extensas filmagens de locações. O programa começou a ser transmitido na BBC2 às 9da noite no sábado, 5 de maio de 1973  e foi lançado nos EUA em 7 de janeiro de 1975.

Resumo
O título alude a The Descent of Man (1871), o segundo livro de Charles Darwin sobre evolução. Ao longo dos 13 episódios da série, Jacob Bronowski viaja pelo mundo para traçar o desenvolvimento da sociedade humana através de sua compreensão da ciência. Foi encomendado especificamente para complementar Civilization (1969), de Kenneth Clark, no qual Clark argumentou que a arte refletia e era informada pelas principais forças motrizes da evolução cultural. Bronowski escreveu em seu livro de 1951 The Commonsense of Science: "Tem sido um dos preconceitos modernos mais destrutivos que arte e ciência são interesses diferentes e de alguma forma incompatíveis". Ambas as séries foram encomendadas por David Attenborough, então controlador da BBC Two, cujo colega Aubrey Singer ficou surpreso por Attenborough priorizar uma série de artes dada sua formação científica.

Produção
A série de 13 partes foi filmada em filme de 16 mm. O produtor executivo foi Adrian Malone; diretores de cinema foram Dick Gilling, Mick Jackson, David Kennard e David Paterson. As citações foram lidas pelos atores Roy Dotrice e Joss Ackland. A música da série foi de Dudley Simpson com Brian Hodgson e o BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Músicas adicionais incluem trabalhos de Pink Floyd e Moody Blues, entre outros. Além de Bronowski, as únicas outras pessoas nomeadas que aparecem são o escultor Henry Moore e o sobrevivente polonês de Auschwitz Stefan Borgrajewicz.

Episódios

 Inferior aos Anjos – Evolução dos humanos do proto-macaco para a forma moderna há 400.000 anos.
 A Colheita das Estações – Migração humana precoce, agricultura e os primeiros assentamentos e guerra.
 O Grão na Pedra – Ferramentas, e o desenvolvimento da arquitetura e da escultura.
 A Estrutura Oculta – Fogo, metais e alquimia.
 Música das Esferas – A linguagem dos números e da matemática.
 O Mensageiro Estelar – o universo de Galileu – e as implicações de seu julgamento na mudança para a ciência "do norte".
 The Majestic Clockwork – Explora as leis de Newton e Einstein.
 The Drive for Power – A Revolução Industrial e o seu efeito na vida cotidiana.
 A Escada da Criação – As ideias de Darwin e Wallace sobre a origem das espécies.
 Mundo dentro do mundo – A história da tabela periódica – e do átomo.
 Conhecimento ou Certeza – A física e o choque da busca do conhecimento absoluto vs. imperfeito, e as dúvidas dos cientistas ao perceberem o terrível desfecho do conflito. Auschwitz. Hiroxima e Nagasaki.
 Geração após geração – As alegrias da vida, sexo e genética – e o lado sombrio da clonagem.
 A Longa Infância – tratado de Bronowski sobre o compromisso da humanidade.

Legado

 Adrian Malone e David Kennard mais tarde emigraram para Hollywood, onde produziram Cosmos (1980), de Carl Sagan.
 Mick Jackson dirigiu a série de TV Connections e, mais tarde, longas-metragens, incluindo The Bodyguard.
 The Ascent of Man foi colocado em 65º lugar em uma lista dos 100 Maiores Programas de Televisão do Mundo votada por profissionais da indústria e elaborada pelo British Film Institute em 2000.
 Charlie Brooker elogia Bronowski e The Ascent of Man em seu programa da BBC Four, Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe.

Referências

Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Programas de televisão do Reino Unido encerrados em 1973
Programas de televisão do Reino Unido que estrearam em 1973
Séries de televisão documentário do Reino Unido
Evolução humana
!Identificador IMDb igual ao Wikidata

A ascensão do homem


විශේෂයෙන් විද්‍යාත්මක කටයුතුවල දී එකගතාවයක් ලිබිය යුතු නිසා පොදු සම්මත ඒකකයක් ලෙස ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත ඒකක (එස්.අයි ඒකක) භාවිත කරයි.

ජාත්‍යන්තර ඒකක ක්‍රමය


Eugénie Camphin, née le  à Bully-Grenay (Pas-de-Calais) et décédée le  à Dainville, est une femme politique française et l'une des figures les plus respectées de la Résistance dans le Pas-de-Calais.

Biographie

Famille
Née dans une famille de mineurs dans l'Ouest du Bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Eugénie Camphin fut l'une des premières militantes du Parti communiste français après sa création en 1920 : elle adhéra encore adolescente à la fin des premières années de la décennie 1920, dans le Pas-de-Calais,.

Son fils René Camphin, s'investit dans les campagnes du Front populaire et devient, l'année suivante, après son licenciement, secrétaire du rayon d'Arras du PCF, puis à partir de 1938 est à Lens l'adjoint d' Auguste Lecœur à la direction régionale du parti, où il supervise l'édition départementale du journal du PCF, L'Enchainé du Pas-de-Calais.

En 1937-1938, elle accueille des réfugiés, issues de familles républicaines victimes de la guerre d'Espagne. Ses trois fils ont eu la Légion d'Honneur et l'aîné René a eu la Médaille de la Résistance polonaise en France.

Seconde guerre mondiale
En 1938, sous Daladier, avant même le début de la Seconde guerre mondiale, elle subit l'arrestation de son mari Maurice, pour une distribution de tracts, avec vingt autres communistes arrêtés et condamnés à la prison. C'est aussi le cas de son fils aîné René Camphin, détenu à la citadelle d'Arras. Elle en informe le secrétaire général de son parti Maurice Thorez, qui se trouve à Fampoux, près d'Arras, le . Au cours de l'été 1940, elle héberge son adjoint Jacques Duclos et Eugène Fried, en route vers Paris, qui arrivent de Belgique.

Après-guerre
Après la Seconde guerre mondiale, elle organise le premier meeting de l'Union des femmes françaises, dont elle est présidente régionale, auquel assiste deux cents femmes, le  après avoir intégré le Comité de Libération d'Arras, en tant que sa représentante et y siège  de 1944 à 1946.

En 1945, elle fut également conseillère municipale d'Achicourt, près d'Arras. Le Parti communiste présenta sa candidature aux élections cantonales de 1955 dans le canton d'Arras-nord, à la tête d'une liste qui a obtenu 16 % des suffrages, puis à nouveau aux élections municipales de 1965.

Années 1970
Dans les années 1970 elle décide de rejoindre le Secours Rouge aux côtés de résistants célèbres comme Charles Tillon et Roger Pannequin, l'ami de son fils Maurice Camphin. Elle fait partie des 17 membres du comité national, en tant que directrice du journal Liberté vaincra, organe du Secours rouge du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, fondé par Marcel Deboudt, assistant en physique à l'Université de Lille et futur maire socialiste de Lezennes, qui avait rencontré Sartre pendant la Guerre d'Algérie, pour diffuser dans le Nord les exemplaires du livre interdit de Henri Alleg, "La Question".

Avec ce dernier, un ingénieur, un médecin pneumologue, un ouvrier licencié de la régie Renault et un chirurgien des Hôpitaux de l'Assistance publique, elle siège au sein du tribunal populaire de Lens en 1970, créé en réaction à l'accident minier du  , à Fouquières-lès-Lens, un coup de grisou qui a causé la mort de 16 mineurs alors que les ingénieurs n'avaient pas fait évacuer la galerie pendant la réparation d'un ventilateur. En tant que jurée et présidente du jury, elle souhaite alors  selon une déclaration dans le journal.

Les dirigeants politiques et les responsables des Houillères sont appelés à comparaître mais absents, tandis que les témoins (ingénieurs des mines, pneumologues, etc.) décrivent les conditions de travail des mineurs, les raisons des accidents et les circonstances du coup de grisou.

Le Monde du  lui consacre un portrait sous le titre "la Vieille Dame et le Philosophe" et décrit alors .

Références

Articles connexes
René Camphin (fils)
Maurice Camphin (fils)
Paul Camphin (fils)

Naissance en novembre 1893
Naissance dans le Pas-de-Calais
Personnalité du Parti communiste français
Résistante française
Résistant communiste français
Résistance dans le Pas-de-Calais
Histoire du Nord-Pas-de-Calais pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Décès en février 1987
Décès à 94 ans

Eugénie Camphin


Rokurokubi (jap. ろ く ろ 首, 轆轤 首) je vrsta japanskih yōkai (ukazanja). Oni izgledaju skoro potpuno kao ljudi, s jednom velikom razlikom. Postoje dvije vrste rokurokubija: jedan čiji se vratovi protežu, a jedan čija se glava odbija i lete slobodno (nukekubi). Rokurokubi se pojavljuju u klasičnom kaidanu (duhovnim pričama) i u yōkai djelima. [1] Predloženo je, međutim, da je ideja rokurokubi mogla biti stvorena isključivo u zabavne svrhe, a ne podrijetlom iz bilo kojeg narodnog uvjerenja ili legendi. [2]

Mitologija
Riječ rokurokubi može se izvesti iz riječi rokuro koji se odnosi na lončarski kotač [3] remen za vodenu bušotinu (jer je izdužen). [4] [5] Ili krovna ručka (koja također rastezuje). [3] [4] [6]

Nukekubi
Nukekubi su rokurokubi čije se glave otvaraju i plutaju. To su bili prvi rokurokubi, dok je druga vrsta doživjela aftewards. [8] Nukekubi ponekad izvodi loša djela poput napada noću i pijenja krvi žrtava. Teoretizirano je da nukekubi ima slabost kad spava i glava pluta: ako se tijelo pomiče, glava se ne može ponovno sjediniti s tijelom. [9] Klasična literatura o rokurokubu opisuje priče ljudi koji svjedoče i susreću se s lebdećim glavama noću. [9]

Ponekad djelovanje glave koja se odvaja od tijela vidi se kao duša koja luta daleko od tijela. E. Somnambulizam. Na primjer, u Sorori Monogatari (曾 呂利 物語, 1663. g.), U poglavlju, Divlje misli žene koja luta oko sebe (Onna no Mōnen Mayoiaruku Koto) glava koja se odvaja od tijela tumačenog Duša žene koja luta dok spava. U istoj knjizi čovjek je vidio nukekubi koji se promijenio u pilić i žensku glavu pa je uzeo svoj mač i otjerao glavu. Glava je pobjegla u kuću, a ljudi su rekli da su čuli glas iznutra reći: "Imala sam zastrašujući san, bio me proganjao čovjek s mačem, pobjegao sam sve do kuće i onda sam se probudio. "[7] (pogledajte sliku).

Slična se priča pojavljuje u Shokoku Hyaku Monogatari (諸国 百 物語, 1677. godine), koji je od Sorori Monogatarija nadahnuo mnoge inspiracije. U O Rokurokubu u pokrajini Echizen (Echizen no Kofuchuu Rokurokubi no Koto), postoji priča o čovjeku koji proganja kauču (koji je bio ženska duša odvojena od svog tijela) sve do kuće. Rečeno je da je žena bila posramljena zbog zločina koje je počinila, pa je zbog toga napustila muža, obrijao je kosu i počinila samoubojstvo.

Hokusō Sadan (北 窻 瑣談, 1910. g.) Je esej Edo razdoblja Tachibana Nankei (橘 春暉). I ovdje je tumačena kao bolest koja rezultira odvojivom dušom. Priča se događa: u prvoj godini Kanseija, u pokrajini Echigo (sada Fukui prefektura), bila je kućna sluškinja čija je glava otkotrljala jastuk dok je spavala, odvojena od tijela. Kasnije u priči, objašnjeno je da nije zapravo glava, već duša koja čini glavu. [10]

U Kokon Hyaku Monogatari Hyōban (knjiga o pričama o duhovima koja objašnjava Yōkajeve priče Yamaoke Genrin, nalazi se poglavlje pod nazivom Kako je Priest Zetsugan vidio Rokurokubi u Higo-u (絶 岸 和 和 和 和 和 和 後 後 て 轆轤 首 首 を を 見 見给 ふ 事, Zetsugan Oshō Higo nite Rokurokubi wo Mitamou Koto). U provinciji Higo (sada prefektura Kumamoto), šef vlasnice domaćina napušta joj tijelo i pluta u zraku. Sutradan se vratio na normalu, ali oko vrata joj je bilo crte. Autor se uputio na primjere iz kineskih knjiga, a zatim je komentirao: "Budući da su takve stvari često vidljive u jugoistočnoj Aziji, a ne samo ograničene na stvaranje neba i zemlje, teško ih je shvatiti običnim zajedničkim Osjećaj kao što je ideja da hobotnice nemaju oči, a kako su te stvari nečuvene u glavnom gradu, sve je čudno u dalekim zemljama. "[11] U istoj knjizi postoji priča koja govori o ženi u Sela Tawa, Nagao, Okrug Okinawa, prefektura Kagawa (sada Sanuki) koja je rokurokubi i ima prstenastu modricu oko vrata. [5]

U Churyō Manroku (中 陵 漫 録) je priča koja opisuje "Rokurokubi Village" u udubinama brda Yoshino gdje su svi stanovnici, čak i djeca, nosili šalove oko vrata kako bi pokrili liniju oko vrata.

U Kasshi Yawi (甲子 夜話, oko 1821. godine) Matsure Seizan je priča koja govori o ženi u provinciji Hitachi koja ima terminalnu bolest. Trgovac je rekao svom mužu da će jetra bijelog psa izliječiti. Muž ubija kućnog psa i daje ženi psa jetre kao lijek. Žena je izliječena, ali njezina sljedeća rođena kći je rokurokobi. Kad se roukorkobijeva glava odvojila i letjela u zraku, pojavio se bijeli pas, grizli glavu i ubili rokurokobi. [13]

Iako su rokurokubi i nukekubi obično žene, u Shousai Hikki (蕉 斎 筆記), edo razdoblje priča, postoji nukekubi koji je muški. Svećenik spava u svom hramu kad se glava pojavila i približila mu prsima. Uhvatio ju je i bacio je, a on je otišao. Ujutro, sluga traži odlazak, a kada se pita zašto sluzilac pita: "Sinoć je dolazila glava?" Svećenik je odgovorio da, sluge zatim objasnio: "Imam nukekubi bolest, i bojim se da će me previše ometati moj posao od sada." Sluga je otišao u svoj dom u provinciji Shimōsa gdje se smatra da je ta "bolest" uobičajena. [14]

U eseju Mimibukuro o Negishi Shizumori, žena koja je glasovala da je rokurokubi oženjen, ali uspijeva dobro živjeti jer glasina nije bila ništa više od glasine. Nije zapravo bila rokurokubi pa je postigla sretan završetak, što je neobično za priče o rokurokubiju jer loša sreća gotovo uvijek rezultira otkrivanjem istinskog identiteta rokurokuba. [9]

U Edo razdoblju enciklopedije, Wakan Sansai Zue Rokuokubi poput stvorenja iz kineske lore su opisani. Oni su napisani kao 飛 頭 蛮 što znači letačke barbare glave. Koriste svoje uši poput krila i jedu insekte. Vjeruje se da su oni iz Kine i Japana bili stranci. [15] Stranac nukekubi također se pojavljuje u Rokurokubiju od Lafcadio Hearn. U svojoj priči, duhovi se masquerade kao obitelj od woodcutters iz grada koji ubijaju i jedu putnike.

Rokurokubi čiji se vratovi šire
Počevši od vremena Eda, priče su pisane o ljudskim vratovima koje se protežu kad su usnuli. Primjeri ovih priča su Buja Zokuda, Kanden Kōhitsu i Yasō Kidan (夜 窓 鬼 談).

Smatra se da je ideja proširenog vrata potekla od ljudi pogrešno interpretiranih vizualnih prikaza nukekubija, ranijih vrsta rokurokuba. Postojala je ideja da nukekubi imao žicu povezujući glavu s tijelom, a kada je ovaj niz bio prikazan u vizualnim prikazima, ljudi su pogrešno opisali ovaj niz kao izduženi vrat.

U Kasshi Yawa (甲子 夜話) postoji priča o ženskom slugu s blijedim licem za kojeg se sumnja da je rokurokubi. Jedne noći, njezin gospodar provjerava je dok spava i vidi nešto poput pare koja se postepeno uzdiže iz prsa. Parka postaje gusta i zamagljuje glavu, a odjednom se čini da joj je vrat ustao i pružio se. Možda zbog iznenađenja da vidi svog učitelja, djevojka se trga, okreće i vrat vratio u normalu. Ovaj sluga imao je blijedo lice, ali inače je izgledao sasvim normalno, ali unatoč tome, bila je otpuštena i zapravo je imala poteškoća u borbi u bilo kojem poslu, uvijek pucajući ubrzo nakon što je bila zaposlena. Da bi duša napustila tijelo i stvorila oblik vrata, kao što se vidi u ovoj priči i prethodno spomenutom Hokusu Sadanu, ponekad se interponira kao "ektoplazma" u parapsihologiji. [19]

U kasnom razdoblju Eda yomihon (ilustrirani roman), Rekkoku Kaidan Kikigaki Zōshi (列国 怪 聞 聞 書 帖) autor Jippensha Ikku autor sugerira da izduženi vratovi rokurokubi potječu iz duhovnog načela karme. U Ikkuovom djelu, Kaishin, redovnik iz Enshū i žena zvane Oyotsu, skloni su zajedno. Međutim, kada je Oyatsu srušio iz bolesti, ponestalo je novca, pa ju je ubio. Kad se Kaishin na kraju vratio u sekularni život, spavao je s djevojkom koju je upoznao u gostionici. Kad spavaju zajedno, djevojčino vrat se protezao, a lice joj postaje Oyotsu, koji mu je tada rekao o njezinom zamjerku. Kaishin se osjećao žalosnim zbog svojih postupaka i nastavio je sve oduzeti Oyatsuovom ocu. Otac djevojke tada je rekao Kaishinu da je i prije ubili ženu. Ukrao joj je novac i s njim je otvorio svratište. Ubrzo je rođen kćer koji je zbog karme postao rokurokubi. Kaishin se ponovno uključio u svećeništvo. Izgradio je grob za Oyotsu, koji je rekao da je Rokurokubi no Tsuka (Rokurokubi Mound), koji je pripovijedao priču budućim generacijama. [17]

U nekim pričama rokurokubi nisu yōkai, nego ljudi koji imaju nevolju koja utječe na tijelo. Na primjer, autor Edo razdoblja, Ban Kōkei, u svom djelu "Kanden Kōhitsu", ispričao je priču o gejšu u bordelu Yoshiwara čiji bi vrat produljio u snu kada joj se "srce postalo labavo". Istaknula je da joj se vrat pružao zbog "srca postaje labav" [20]

Usmena predaja
Rokurokobi se također pojavljuju u usmenoj tradiciji japanskih mitova. Na primjer, postoji mit o staroj autocesti između sela Ive i Akechija u Gifu Prefecture gdje se kaže da je zmija oblikovana u rokurokubi. [21] Drugi je primjer mit o usmenoj tradiciji Koikubo područja Iida, Prefektura Nagano gdje se kaže da se rokurokubi pojavio u nečijem domu. [22]

U razdoblju Bunka postala je popularna priča kaidan, gdje se nalazila prostitutka čiji se vrat glatko proteže i lizati uljem papirnatih svjetiljki dok je spavala s gostima, pokazujući kako se rokurokubima govori o stvarima koje bi se žene pretvorile u Bolest s kojom bi imali poteškoća. U ovom razdoblju, rokurokubi su također bili popularni u nakazanim emisijama. [5] Shohō Kenbunroku (諸方 见聞 録) bilježi nastup u 1810. (Bunka 7) u Edu, sada u Tokiju gdje se pojavio muški rokurokubi s izduženim vratom. [13]

Priče o rokurokubiju pojavile su se čak u ranom Meiji razdoblju. Bila je priča o tome kako se svake večeri prodavač i njegova supruga iz grada Shibaya, Ibaraki, Osaka Prefecture koji svjedoče o vratu njihove kćeri. Unatoč njihovim molitvama u Shinto i budizmu, njihova se kći nije popravila, a na kraju je cijeli grad doživio to. Par nije mogao podnijeti više, pa su otišli, ostavljajući tragove o tome kamo su otišli. [23]

Magija pokazuje
Rokurokubi is also a kind of Japanese magic show tricks using curtains and life sized dolls without heads. It's reported that a doll without a head wearing a kimono in seiza is put in front of the curtain. There's a rope behind the curtain and a female performer connected to it who shows only her face. As she stands and squats, the fake neck would stretches and contracts, as if it were a rokurokubi.

Explanations and pictures about what's behind this trick were written in magazines of the Meiji period (1800s), giving a date for how early these shows first appeared. This was a time period when mystery phenomena were vigorously exposed by the scientifically minded, so for magic tricks to be revealed is fitting with the zeitgeist.

In the Taishō period, there were businesses arranging rokurokubi to appear in show tents in festivals and fairs at temples and shrines, and they were quite popular.

Slične priče iz drugih naroda
Navodi se da vrsta rokurokuba čiji se vrat odvoji od ostatka tijela potječe od priča o kineskom yōkai, hitōban (飛 頭 蛮) yōkai čija se glava odvaja od tijela i lebdi oko. [5] Poput rokurokobi, hitoban ima liniju oko vrata. [5] Kineske priče također govore o yōkiu koji se zove rakutō (glava uma) čija glava dolazi i lebdi dok torzo ostaje na miru na futonu. Postoji priča da je u razdoblju Tri kraljevstva, generalni istočni Wu, Zhu Huan zaposlio ženski sluga koji je bio rakutō. Kaže se da je koristila uši poput krila. Još jedna pripovijest odnosi se da je u Qinovom razdoblju bilo klan s juga nazvan rakutōmin (落 頭 民) koji je mogao letjeti samo u glavi. [25]

Postoje legende stvorenja, uključujući Palasik, Kuyang i Leak iz Indonezije, Penanggalan u Maleziji i Krasue na Tajlandu. Glave tih stvorenja bi se odvojile od tijela i plutale oko s unutrašnjim prstenom. [5]

Chonchon je mitsko stvorenje Južne Amerike koja ima oblik ljudske glave koja leti u zraku, sisavši život od ljudi.

Manananggal je stvorenje mitologije u Filipinima. Ovo žensko čudovište je malo drugačije, jer cijelo tijelo od struka se odvoji i raste divovski krilati poput šišmiša.

Yōkai istraživač, Tada Katsumi navodi da su ove priče stigle u Japan u Muromachi do Azuchi-Momoyama razdoblja, kada je još trgovina s južne Kine i jugoistočne Azije. U razdoblju Eda, kada je Japan usvojio izolacionističku politiku izvorni japanski yōki, rokurokubi su se razvili. [5]

Japanska mitologija

Rokurokubi


ක්ලියෝපැට්රා II (ග්‍රීක: Κλεοπάτρα; ක්‍රි.පූ. 185 පමණ - 116) යනු ටොලමියානු ඊජිප්තුවේ රැජිනකි. (ඇය කෙටි කාලයක් තනිව පාලනය ගෙනගියා ය)

පවුල
IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා යනු Vවන ටොලමි සහ (බොහෝ විට) Iවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රාගේ දියණියයි. ඇය VIවන ටොලමි සහ ටොලමි VIII යුවර්ගීට්ස් II ට්‍රිෆොන්ගේ සොයුරියයි. ඇය පසුව ඇගේ සොයුරන් දෙදෙනාම සමග විවාහ වූවා ය.

ඇගේ පළමු විවාහය ක්‍රි.පූ 175දී පමණ ඇගේ සොහොයුරා වූ ටොලමි VI සමග සිදු විය. ඔවුනට අවම වශයෙන් දරුවන් සිව් දෙනකුවත් සිටින්නට ඇත:
 ටොලමි යුපේටර්; ක්‍රි.පූ. 166දී උපන්නේ ය. සිය පියා සමග කෙටිකාලයක් සම-රාජ්‍යාධිකාරී (co-regent) ධුරය ඉසිලී ය. නමුත් ලාබාල වියේ දී, එනම් ක්‍රි.පූ. 152දී පමණ මියගියේ ය.
 ක්ලියෝපැට්රා තියා; ක්‍රි.පූ.164දී පමණ උපන්නා ය. ඇය ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් බැලස්, ඩිමෙට්‍රියස් II නිකේටර් සහ ඇන්ටියෝකස් VII සයිඩීට්ස් සමග විවාහ වූවා ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 120දී ඇගේ පුත්‍රයා විසින් ඇයව මරා දමන ලදී.
 බෙරෙනිස්; දියණියකි. ක්‍රි.පූ. 163 සහ 160 අතර දී උපත ලබා ඇත. ක්‍රි.පූ. 150 දී, එනම් ලාබාල වියේදීම මියගියා ය.
 ක්ලියෝපැට්රා III; ක්‍රි.පූ. 160 සහ 155 අතර කාලයේ උපන්නා ය. ඇයව ඇගේ මාමා වූ VIIIවන ටොලමිට විවාහ කර දෙන ලදී.
 ටොලමි (D); ක්‍රි.පූ. 152 අවට උපන්නේ ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 130දී VIIIවන ටොලමි විසින් මරා දමන ලදී.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 145දී IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා ඇගේ අනෙක් සොහොයුරා වූ ටොලමි VIII යුවර්ගීට්ස් II ෆිස්කන් සමග විවාහ වූවා ය. ඔවුනට අවම වශයෙන් එක් පුත්‍රයකුවත් සිටින්නට ඇත:
 ටොලමි මෙම්ෆයිට්ස්; ක්‍රි.පූ. 144 සහ 142 අතර කාලයේ උපත ලැබී ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 130දී ඔහුගේ පියා විසින් ඔහුව මරා දමන ලදී. ටොලමි මෙම්ෆයිට්ස් යනු ටොලමි VII නියොස් ෆිලොපේටර් බව ඇතැමුන් විශ්වාද කළ ද, මෙම මතය සියලුදෙනාම පිළිගන්නේ නැත.

දිවිය

ඇගේ මව මියයාමෙන් (ක්‍රි.පූ. 176) පසු, ඇය ඇගේ සොයුරා වූ ටොලමි VI ෆිලොමීටර් සමග විවාහ වූයේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 175දී පමණ ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 171 සිට 164 දක්වා IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා, VIවන ටොලමි සහ ඔවුන්ගේ සොහොයුරා වූ VIIIවන ටොලමි ඊජිප්තුවේ සම-රාජ්‍යාධිකාරී ධුරය ඉසිලූහ.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 169 දී, සිරියාවේ IVවන ඇන්ටියෝකස් ඊජිප්තුව ආක්‍රමණය කළේ ය. ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩ්‍රියාවට පිටත දී ටොලමි VI ෆිලොමීටර් ද, IVවන ඇන්ටියෝකස්ට එක් විය. මෙම්පිස්හි දී සිංහාසනාරූඪ කෙරුණු VIවන ටොලමි, IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා සමග රාජ්‍ය පාලනය ගෙනගියේ ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 164දී IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රාව සහ ඇගේ සැමියාව ඔවුන්ගේ සොහොයුරා වූ VIIIවන ටොලමි විසින් තාවකාලිකව ධුරයෙන් පහ කෙරුණු නමුත්, ක්‍රි.පූ. 163දී නැවත බලයට පත්වීමට ඔවුනට හැකි විය.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 145දී IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා ඇගේ අනෙක් සොහොයුරා වූ ටොලමි VIII යුවර්ගීට්ස් සමග විවාහවූවා ය. ක්‍රි.පූ. 142දී, VIIIවන ටොලමි, ක්ලියෝපැට්රාගේ ලාබාල දියණිය මෙන්ම ඔහුගේ ලේලිය ද වූ IIIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රාව සිය බිරිය කොටගත්තේ ය.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 131දී IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා විසින් VIIIවන ටොලමිට එරෙහිව කැරැල්ලක් මෙහෙයවා, ඔහුව සහ IIIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රාව ඊජිප්තුවෙන් නෙරපන ලදී. මේ කාලයේ VIIIවන ටොලමි විසින් ඔහුගේ සුළුපුත්‍රයා වූ ටොලමි සහ ඔහුගේම පුත්‍රයා වූ ටොලමි මෙමෆයිට්ස්ව මරාදමා තිබේ. VIIIවන ටොලමි විසින් සිය පුත්‍රයාව කොටස් කර ඔහුගේ හිස, අත් සහ පාද ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩ්‍රියාවේ සිටි IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා වෙත උපන්දින ත්‍යාගයක් ලෙස යවා ඇත.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 130 සිට 127 දක්වා IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා ඊජිප්තුව පාලනය කළා ය. අනතුරුව ඇයට සිරියාව වෙත පලායාමට සිදු වූ අතර, ඇය එහි දී සිය දියණිය වූ ක්ලියෝපැට්රා තියා සහ බෑනා වූ ඩිමෙට්‍රියස් II නිකේටර් සමග එකතු වූවා ය.

ක්‍රි.පූ. 124දී ක්ලියෝපැට්රා සහ VIIIවන ටොලමි අතර පොදු සමාදානයක් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කෙරිණි. ඉන්පසු ඇය ක්‍රි.පූ. 116දී ටොලමි මියයන තෙක්ම සිය සොහොයුරා සහ දියණිය සමග හවුල් පාලනයක් ගෙන ගියා ය. ටොලමිගේ මරණින් පසු ඇය රාජධානිය IIIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රාට භාරදුන්නා ය. ඉන් මඳ කලකට පසු IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා මරණයට පත් විය.

පෙළපත

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මූලාශ්‍ර

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ක්‍රි.පූ. 2වන සියවසේ කාන්තා පාලකයින්
ඊජිප්තු රාජ්‍ය කරන රැජිනියන්
ක්‍රි.පූ. 2වන සියවසේ පාලකයින්
ඊජිප්තුවේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 2වන සියවස

ඊජිප්තුවේ IIවන ක්ලියෝපැට්රා


An Hordeum marinum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William Hudson. An Hordeum marinum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hordeum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: H. m. gussoneanum.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Hordeum

Hordeum marinum


An Gasteria acinacifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Joseph Franz von Jacquin, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Adrian Hardy Haworth. An Gasteria acinacifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gasteria, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Gasteria

Gasteria acinacifolia


Akbaba, 1922-1977 yılları arasında yayımlanmış haftalık siyasi mizah dergisi.

Türk edebiyatının en uzun ömürlü mizah dergilerindendir. 1922'de Beş Hececiler adlı edebiyat akımının iki önemli üyesi olan Yusuf Ziya Ortaç ve Orhan Seyfi Orhon tarafından kurulmuş; birkaç kez kesintiye uğramakla birlikte 1977'ye kadar çıkarılarak yaklaşık iki bin sayı yayımlanmıştır.

Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı kazanıldıktan sonra kapanan Aydede dergisinin boşluğunu doldurmak üzere kurulan dergi.<ref name=bacanak>{{Web kaynağı |url=http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/pdf/necati_tonga_akbaba_cinaralti.pdf |başlık=Necati Tonga, İki Bacanağın Kardeş Mecmuası: Akbaba ve Çınaraltı, 'Değirmen Yüzyılın Dergileri 1900-2000 Özel Sayısı, Ocak-Haziran 2012 |erişimtarihi=16 Eylül 2014 |arşiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304150655/http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/pdf/necati_tonga_akbaba_cinaralti.pdf |arşiv-tarihi=4 Mart 2016 |ölüurl=evet }}</ref> sonradan kendi kimliğini kazanmış; toplumun yoksul kesiminin dergisi olmuş ve geniş bir okuyucu kitlesine ulaşmıştır. Dönemin önemli edebiyatçılarının yazılarına yer veren Akbaba, siyasi mizah dergisi olmanın yanı sıra bir edebiyat dergisi olarak da nitelendirilir.

 Arka plan
Milli Mücadele yıllarında İstanbul'da Refik Halid Karay tarafından çıkarılan ve dönemin iki önemli mizah dergisinden biri olan Aydede dergisi, savaş boyunca İstanbul hükûmetini desteklemiş, Büyük Taarruz Zaferi'nden sonra Karay sürgün edilmiş ve Aydede 90. sayısını 9 Kasım 1922'de yayımlayarak kapanmıştı.

 Yayın hayatı
Aydede'nin kapanmasından bir ay sonra, Akbaba dergisi, hemen hemen aynı kadrosu, aynı biçim ve yapısı ile Yusuf Ziya ve Orhan Seyfi tarafından yayınlanmaya başladı. Derginin ilk sayısı 7 Aralık 1922 tarihlidir. Yusuf Ziya, ilk sayıdaki yazısında şu temennide bulunmuştur:

Orhan Seyfi, kısa bir süre sonra dergiyi Yusuf Ziya'ya devretmiş ve Yusuf Ziya Akbaba'yı hayatı boyunca tek başına çıkarmıştır.
1923-1955 yılları arasında iktidardaki Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi'nden yana bir çizgi izleyen dergi, Serbest Fırka, Demokrat Parti gibi muhalefet partilerine karşı çıktığı dönemlerde okur desteğini yitirdiğinden, yayımına ara vermek zorunda kaldı (1931-1934, 1950-1951 arası). Sonraları bu politik düşünceden vazgeçerek mizah dergisi kimliğini sürdürdü.

Yusuf Ziya'nın 11 Mart 1967'de ölümü üzerine Akbaba, 1977'de kapanana kadar  oğlu Ergin Ortaç tarafından çıkarılmıştır.

I. Dönem
Dergi, 1922-1931 arasındaki ilk döneminde dört farklı logo kullanıldı.  İlk yıllardaki İstanbul panoroması silüeti üzerinde sarıklı-cübbeli dede karikatürünün yerine kanatları açık bir akbaba figürü geldi. Sonra kanatları açık akbaba üzerindeki eski harflerle Akbaba yazısının yerine  yeni harflerle Akbaba yazan logo  geldi. Son olarak akbaba yazısının iki yanında sarıksız -cübbesiz modern bir dede ve akbaba figüründen oluşan logo kullanıldı.

Başlangıçta Pazartesi ve Perşembe günleri dört sayfa halinde çıkmakta olan Akbaba'nın baş çizeri Ramiz Gökçe idi.
Dergi, 1 Kasım 1928'de gerçekleşen Harf İnkılabı'na en çok destek veren yayınlardan biri oldu. Ramiz Gökçe'nin çizdiği, Mustafa Kemal'i elinde dolmakalem tutarak bir güneş gibi doğarken gösteren sayı, bir sembol oldu. Dergi bu sayıdan itibaren hem eski hem yeni harfli metinlerle çıktı. 1928 yılında kapaklarda Ramiz Gökçe ile birlikte İhap Hulusi'nin de çizimleri görüldü. Akbaba 208 sayı çıktıktan sonra 1931'de kapandı.

II. Dönem
Dergi, üç  yıl aradan sonra 1934'te yeni harflerle tekrar yayımlanmaya başladı. Yeniden numaralandırılan dergi artık Çarşamba ve Cumartesi günleri çıkıyordu. Harf Devrimi'nden sonra ülkede okur-yazar sayısı arttığından derginin okuyucusu sayısı da arttı.

209. sayıdan itibaren Nâzım Hikmet "Kartal" mahlasıyla dergide yer aldı. Nazım'ın 1925 Mart'ında 235. ve 243. sayılar arasında yayımladığı "Dağların Havası" adlı manzum şiiri, dergide en çok ses getiren işi oldu. Şair, 1935  yılında yayımlanan sayılarda "Ben" mahlası ile şiirler yayımladı. II. Dünya Savaşı'na denk gelen dönemde kapaklarda Cemal Nadir'in çizimleri görüldü.

1934 yılında 73. sayıdan sonra boyutları küçüldü, sayfa sayısı yirmiye çıktı ve yeniden numaralandırıldı. 24 Şubat 1944 tarihinde 517. sayıya ulaştı ve yalnız Perşembe günleri yayımlanmaya başladı. Dergi, kendi adını taşıyan Akbaba Matbaası'nda basılmıştır. II. dönem 1949 yılında sona erdi.

III. Dönem
Akbaba, 1952'den itibaren aralıklarla 1977'ye kadar yayın hayatına devam etti.

 İçeriği
Akbaba dergisinin içeriği; eleştiri yazıları, tiyatro oyunları, fıkralar, rüya tabirleri, genç fırçalar köşesi ve karikatürlerden oluşuyordu. Derginin arka kapağında yabancı karikatüristlerin eserleri yer alıyor, bu köşenin adı derginin ilk yıllarında "Ecnebi karikatürleri" iken, sonraki yıllarda "Dünya karikatürleri"'ne dönüşüyordu.

Akbaba'da, günümüzün mizah dergilerindeki çok kareli, bant karikatürlerden çok, bir veya iki kareden oluşan ve tam sayfa yayınlanan karikatürlere rastlanıyordu. Ayrıca karikatürlerde konuşma balonunun yerine genellikle alt yazı kullanılıyordu. Günümüz karikatüristlerinin ustalarının ustalarını yetiştiren Akbaba, yayın hayatı boyunca genç yazar ve çizerlere okul vazifesi gördü.

 Ekibi
Derginin yazarları arasında Osman Celal Kaygılı, İbrahim Alaattin Gövsa, Ercüment Ekrem Talu, Aziz Nesin, Rıfat Ilgaz, Sulhi Dölek ve Muzaffer İzgü bulunuyordu. Çizerleri arasında ise Münif Fehim, Zeki Beyner, Fethi Develioğlu, Ali Ulvi, Ramiz Gökçe, Necmi Rıza, Cafer Zorlu, Samim Agar, Mustafa Mim Uykusuz ve Semih Balcıoğlu vardı. Akbaba dergisinde yayınlanan karikatürler resim sanatına daha yakındı.

 Konuları
Dergi; özellikle 1930'lu yılların sonu ile 1940'lı yıllarda eleştiri oklarını, sol muhalefete ve Bobstil'' adını verdikleri yeni şiir hareketi üzerine yoğunlaştırmıştır. Mecmuada, Tan gazetesi ve bu gazetenin sahibi olan Sertel'ler üzerine de pek çok eleştiri yazısı neşrolunmuştur. Akbaba ayrıca Orhan Veli ve arkadaşlarının başlattığı Garip adlı şiir anlayışına karşı ilk ve sert tepkilerin verildiği bir mecmua olmuştur.

Kaynakça

Türk mizah dergileri
Türkçe dergiler
Türkiye'de yayımlanan haftalık dergiler
Türkiye siyasi dergileri
1922'de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda kurulan oluşumlar
1922'de kurulan dergiler

Akbaba (dergi)


The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho.

History

1860s
The territory was officially organized on March 3, 1863, by Act of Congress, and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. It is a successor region that was created by areas from existing territories undergoing parallel political transitions beginning with disputes over which country owned the region (See Oregon Country). By 1863, the area west of the Continental Divide that was formerly part of the huge Oregon Territory had been sundered from the coastal Washington Territory north of the young State of Oregon to the far west and the remnant of the Oregon Territory was officially "unorganized". Most of the area east of the Continental Divide had been part of the loosely defined Dakota Territory ending along the 49th parallel—now the border with Canada, then a colonial possession of Great Britain.

The original newly organized territory covered all of the present-day states of Idaho and Montana, and almost all of the present-day state of Wyoming, omitting only a corner in the state's extreme southwest portion. It was wholly spanned east-to-west by the bustling Oregon Trail and partly by the other emigrant trails, the California Trail and Mormon Trail which since hitting stride in 1847, had been conveying settler wagon trains to the west, and incidentally, across the continental divide into the Snake River Basin, a key gateway into the Idaho and Oregon Country interiors.

The first territorial capital was at Lewiston from the inception in 1863 to 1866. Boise was made the territorial capital from 1866 by a one-vote margin of the Territorial Supreme Court. Congress failed to provide official criminal or civic codes for the Idaho territory upon its inception. It wasn't until January 4th, 1864 that the territory's original laws were adopted

The upheaval caused by the Civil War and Reconstruction was a distant concern to those in the comparatively stable Idaho Territory, a situation which in turn encouraged settlement.

In 1864, the Montana Territory was organized from the northeastern section of the territory east of the Bitterroot Range. Most of the southeastern area of the territory was made part of the Dakota Territory.

In the late 1860s, Idaho Territory became a destination for displaced Southern Democrats who fought for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. These people were well represented in the early territorial legislatures, which often clashed with the appointed Republican territorial governors. The political infighting became particularly vicious in 1867 when Governor David W. Ballard asked for protection from federal troops stationed at Fort Boise against the territorial legislature. By 1870, however, the political infighting had decreased considerably.

In 1868, the areas east of the 111th meridian west were made part of the newly created Wyoming Territory. Idaho Territory assumed the boundaries of the modern state at that time.
The discovery of gold, silver and other valuable natural resources throughout Idaho beginning in the 1860s, as well as the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, brought many new people to the territory, including Chinese laborers who came to work the mines. As Idaho approached statehood, mining and other extractive industries became increasingly important to its economy. By the 1890s, for example, Idaho exported more lead than any other state.

1870s
Construction began on the Idaho Territorial Prison in 1870 and was completed by 1872. The prison was in use by the territory, then the state until 1973. The Old Idaho State Penitentiary was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for its significance as a Territorial Prison. The site currently contains museums and an arboretum.

Almost immediately after Idaho Territory was created, a public school system was created and stage coach lines were established. Regular newspapers were active in Lewiston, Boise and Silver City by 1865. The first telegraph line reached Franklin in 1866, with Lewiston being the first town linked in northern Idaho in 1874. The first telephone call in the Pacific Northwest was made on May 10, 1878, in Lewiston.

Although forming a sizable minority, Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Idaho were held in suspicion by others in Idaho. By 1882, notable and powerful Idahoans successfully disenfranchised Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints voters in Idaho Territory, citing their illegal practice of polygamy. Idaho was able to achieve statehood some six years before Utah, a territory which had a larger population and had been settled longer, but was majority Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints with voting polygamists.

There were four thousand Chinese living in the Idaho Territory from 1869 to 1875. Like many Chinese immigrants, they came to "Gold Mountain" to work as miners, or found work as laundrymen and cooks. The 1870 census reported there were 1,751 Chinese in Idaho City who were nearly half of city residents.

The Nez Perce War began in the north-central portion of the territory at White Bird Canyon in June 1877, and concluded four months later in eastern Montana Territory at Bear Paw.

1880s
After the capital relocation controversy, proposals to split the two regions became widespread. For the rest of the decade, Idaho Territory was nearly legislated out of existence. In 1885, the Idaho legislature published a bipartisan memorial to Congress asking for northern Idaho to be returned to Washington Territory. There were two attempts during the 49th Congress to accomplish this. On March 1, 1887 Congress sent a bill to President Grover Cleveland which would have returned northern Idaho to Washington Territory. Cleveland, likely as a favor to Governor Edward A. Stevenson, refused to sign the bill and it was pocket vetoed when the session of Congress ended two days later. Nevada and Utah showed interest in acquiring the remainders of southern Idaho.

In 1889, the University of Idaho was awarded to the northern town of Moscow instead of its original planned location at Eagle Rock (now Idaho Falls) in the south. This served to alleviate some of the hard feelings felt by North Idaho residents over losing the capital.

In a bid for statehood, Governor Stevenson called for a constitutional convention in 1889. The convention approved a constitution on August 6, 1889, and voters approved the constitution on November 5, 1889. President Benjamin Harrison signed the law admitting Idaho as a U.S. state on July 3, 1890.

Territorial change

See also

Idaho in the American Civil War
California Trail
Historic regions of the United States
History of Idaho
Oregon Trail
Oregon Treaty, 1846
Territorial evolution of the United States
State of Deseret, 1849–1850 (extralegal)
Territory of Jefferson, 1859–1861 (extralegal)

References

External links

 Idaho State Univ. document (PDF) on origin of name "Idaho" and how Idaho became territory
 COLUMBIA: Fall 1988; Vol. 2, No. 3, The Long Wait for Statehood, Why it took Washington 36 years and Idaho 26 years to achieve their goals.
 Idaho Organic Act 1863 – An Act to provide a temporary Government for the Territory of Idaho
 Laws of the Territory of Idaho (1864)
 Constitution of the state of Idaho, and the act providing for the admission of the state (1891)

Former organized territories of the United States
History of Idaho
Pre-statehood history of Montana
Pre-statehood history of Wyoming
History of the American West
History of the Northwestern United States
1863 establishments in Idaho Territory
1890 disestablishments in the United States

Idaho Territory


أرنولفو دي كامبيو  (1240 - 1310) معماري ونحات إيطالي

السيرة الذاتية
ولد أرنولفو في كولي فالا ديلسا، توسكاني Colle Val d'Elsa, Tuscany، عمل مساعداً رئيسياً لنيكولا بيسكانو في أثناء عمله في منبر الوعظ في سيينا (1265-1268)، هذا قبل أن يعمل منفردا في نحت المقابر.
بين عامي 1266-1267 عمل في روما لدى الملك شارلس في المنزل الشهير باسم منزل كامبيدوجليو أو Campidoglio.
أنهى عام 1282 النصب التذكاري للكاردينال دي برياي في كنيسة سان دومينيكو في أورفيتو - إيطاليا، ثم ركّز على العمل في قبر الكاردينال ريكاردو في لاتيرن- سانت جونز في روما.
من أهم أعماله الشهيرة هي كاتدرائية فلورنس التي أنشئت عام 1436 م.

أعمال مختارة

المباني

 كاتدرائية فلورنس

أعمال النحت

 تمثال سان بيتر

انظر أيضاً

 جورج جيلبرت سكوت

مراجع

أشخاص من جمهورية فلورنسا القرن 13
معماريون إيطاليون
معماريون إيطاليون في القرن 13
معماريون قوطيون
معماريون من كاتدرائيات
مواليد 1240
نحاتون إيطاليون
نحاتون إيطاليون في القرن 13
نحاتون قوطيون
وفيات 1310
وفيات القرن 14
وفيات في فلورنسا

أرنولفو دي كامبيو


Laureano es un nombre propio de origen latino cuyo significado es 'el de corona de laurel'. Su variante femenino es Laureana.

Las variantes del nombre en otros idiomas son:
 Lauro: Rumano, español, italiano, portugués , catalán , francés, serbio, gallego.
 Laurian: Rumano, francés.
 Llorián: Asturiano.
 Laureanno.

Véase también
 Laura
 Laureano
 laureano 2022 recuerdenme

Referencias

Nombres masculinos
Nombres latinos

Laureano (nombre)


O Cure Salée (do francês que significa "Cura do Sal"), ou "Festival dos Nômades", é uma reunião anual dos povos Tuareg e Wodaabe na cidade de In-Gall, no norte do Níger, no continente africano. A cerimônia marca o fim da estação chuvosa e geralmente ocorre nas duas últimas semanas de setembro. O governo do Níger começou a patrocinar o festival na década de 1990, fixando sua data para cada ano (em 2006: 11 de setembro), sua duração (três dias) e trazendo dignitários, artistas e turistas.

Tradições

O fim da estação chuvosa é um evento especialmente importante na vida dos pastores do Saara. Os clãs tuaregues se reúnem nas salinas e lagoas perto de In-Gall para refrescar seus rebanhos de gado e cabras e para se preparar para a viagem mais ao sul para que possam sobreviver à estação seca. Acredita-se que o Cure Salée também beneficie a população local, e as curas medicinais são uma parte importante do festival.

No entanto, o Cure Salée é tão importante quanto uma reunião social. Depois de uma temporada em grupos de clãs dispersos, há a chance de compartilhar notícias, negociar e renovar amizades dentro e fora das linhas étnicas.

Para os povos Tuaregues e Wodaabe, o Cure Salée marca a época do namoro e do casamento tradicionais. As imagens mais famosas do festival são a tradição Wodaabe de Gerewol, na qual jovens disputam a atenção de mulheres que procuram maridos. Danças organizadas e testes de habilidade culminam em homens vestindo trajes tradicionais, cocares e maquiagem elaborada.

Entre os povos tuaregues, as mulheres procuram a atenção de homens aptos para o casamento, enquanto homens de todas as idades exibem suas habilidades como cavaleiros, artistas, dançarinos, músicos e artesãos. Um grande desfile de cavaleiros de camelos tuaregues abre o festival, que continua com corridas, canções, danças e contação de histórias. Enquanto o festival oficial é limitado a três dias, as festividades podem durar semanas, enquanto os grupos nômades permanecem na área.

Mudanças
Enquanto o Cure Salée acontece há várias centenas de anos, a independência do Níger (que estava sob o domínio da França), em 1960, trouxe o envolvimento do governo central de Niamey e a tentativa de formalizá-lo como um festival nacional e atração turística. Durante a última de uma longa linha de insurgências tuaregues (ver: Rebelião tuaregue) contra o governo central, de 1990-1995, In-Gall foi uma fortificação principal das forças armadas do Níger, e nenhum Cure Salee oficial foi organizado. Em setembro de 2000, uma "Queima de Armas" cerimonial "Flamme du Paix" pelos rebeldes e pelas forças do governo em Agadez forçou o primeiro Cure Salée após os acordos de paz finais a ser remarcado às pressas.

Nos últimos anos, o governo do Níger tentou promover o Cure Salée, criando um festival turístico (patrocinado por grandes corporações internacionais como a Coca-Cola) para visitantes ocidentais e usando as tradições multiétnicas do Cure Salée para promover "uma celebração de coesão social no Níger". Este aspecto veio à tona a partir de 2000. O envolvimento oficial também trouxe uma maior ênfase na cultura comum ao resto do Níger: bandas pop elétricas, concursos de beleza e o fim às vezes forçado de outros rituais. Em 2005, tropas armadas do Exército do Níger proibiram uma dança tradicional que imita a automutilação.

O Programa Conjunto das Nações Unidas sobre HIV/AIDS, a UNICEF e o governo do Níger começaram a usar o Cure Salée para fornecer ajuda para conter a infecção pelo HIV, bem como a malária, o verme da Guiné, a desnutrição e incentivar o uso de vacinas para controlar doenças evitáveis. Vacinas e tratamento de gado, muitos com destino ao sul do Níger, mais densamente povoado, também foram exigidos pelo governo. A seca e a fome de 2004-2006 em grande parte do Níger também chamaram a atenção para a ajuda alimentar em Cure Salée.

Ver também

 Guérewol
 Wodaabe
 Tuaregues

Tuaregue
Cultura do Níger

Cure Salée


L'opération Birmingham était une opération militaire de la guerre du Vietnam dans la zone de guerre C, au nord de Saigon, menée par la 1re division d'infanterie américaine et la  de l'armée de la République du Vietnam (ARVN) du 24 avril au 17 mai 1966.

Fond
L'objectif de l'opération était de balayer la zone de guerre C et d'engager la  Viet Cong (VC).

Opération
L'opération a commencé le 24 avril et au cours des premiers jours, il n'y a eu que des contacts sporadiques avec VC, mais un certain nombre de caches de ravitaillement ont été localisées.

Le 27 avril, un bataillon de la 1ère brigade a tué 3 VC et découvert plusieurs tonnes de fournitures, tandis qu'un bataillon de la 3e brigade a trouvé un camp de base VC de la taille d'un bataillon.

Le 30 avril, deux bataillons de la 1re brigade ont balayé vers le nord le long de la rive est de la rivière Rach Cai Bac à la frontière entre le Sud-Vietnam et le Cambodge, attirant des tirs de l'autre côté de la rivière au Cambodge et du hameau vietnamien de Lo Go. Le  a engagé les forces tirant depuis le Cambodge tandis que le  a engagé le VC à Lo Go. Les combats à Lo Go se sont poursuivis dans l'après-midi lorsque le VC, ce dernier identifié comme venant du bataillon C230, s'est retiré en faisant 54 morts. Les pertes américaines ont été de 6 tués.

L'opération s'est poursuivie pendant encore deux semaines alors que la 1ère division d'infanterie balayait la zone de guerre C dans l'espoir de trouver le quartier général du  qui était censé être situé dans le nord de la province de Tây Ninh, mais il n'y a pas eu d'autres engagements majeurs.

L'opération Birmingham a également employé deux brigades des  () dont l'objectif principal était de localiser et d'engager les forces VC ainsi que de détruire leurs camps de base le long de la frontière cambodgienne. Ces brigades se sont déplacées rapidement pour exploiter les renseignements récemment acquis sur les installations et les mouvements ennemis et ont été fréquemment transportées par hélicoptère vers des endroits de la province de Tây Ninh. Les  ont utilisé des tactiques de guérilla qui étaient souvent employées par le VC contre les unités américaines et ARVN.

L'opération s'est terminée le 17 mai 1966.

Conséquences

Notes et références

Bataille de la guerre du Viêt Nam impliquant les États-Unis

Opération Birmingham


O teste de Beilstein é um teste químico qualitativo simples para identificar haletos orgânicos. Foi desenvolvido por Friedrich Konrad Beilstein.

Nesse teste, um fio de cobre é limpo e aquecido na chama de um bico de Bunsen, condição na qual é formado um revestimento de óxido de cobre (I). Em seguida, o fio é mergulhado na amostra a ser testada e, posteriormente, é novamente aquecido na chama. Uma chama verde configura um resultado positivo, indicando ter sido formado um haleto de cobre. O teste não detecta flúor ou fluoretos.

Tal teste deixou de ser utilizado com frequência devido, em parte, ao risco de gerar clorodioxinas altamente tóxicas caso o material analisado fosse um policloroareno.

Um teste alternativo para haletos orgânicos é o teste de Lassaigne, o qual converte material orgânico em sais inorgânicos (nesse caso, haletos de sódio). A adição de uma solução de nitrato de prata ao produto da reação com sódio faz com que quaisquer íons cloreto, brometo ou iodeto precipitem sob a forma de um haleto de prata.

Química analítica
Análise orgânica

Teste de Beilstein


An Galeandra lagoensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach ngan Johannes Eugen ius Bülow Warming. An Galeandra lagoensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Galeandra, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Galeandra

Galeandra lagoensis


Nayif Ali el-Kadı (d. 3 Nisan 1979), defans pozisyonunda görev yapmış Suudi millî futbolcudur.

Profesyonel kariyerine 2000 yılında El-Ehli kulübünde başladı. Daha sonra sırasıyla Er-Rayyan, Eş-Şebab kulüplerinde oynadı.

Suudi Arabistan millî futbol takımına da zaman zaman çağrılan futbolcu, 2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası'nda Suudi Arabistan millî futbol takımının kadrosunda yer aldı.

Dış bağlantılar

1979 doğumlular
Suudi Arabistan doğumlular
Suudi futbolcular
Suudi Arabistan millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2004 AFC Asya Kupası futbolcuları
El-Ehli (Suudi Arabistan) futbolcuları
Er-Reyyan (spor kulübü) futbolcuları
Eş-Şebab futbolcuları
Dûrî Nücûm Katar futbolcuları
Suudi gurbetçi futbolcular
Dûrî el-Muhtarifin es-Suudî futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Resim aranan futbolcular
Defans futbolcuları

Nayif el-Kadı