Emperor Xiaowu of Jin (; 362– 6 November 396), personal name Sima Yao (), courtesy name Changming (), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China.  During his reign, Jin saw his dynasty survive a major attempt by Former Qin to destroy it, but he would nevertheless be the last Jin emperor to actually exercise imperial power, as his sons Emperor An and Emperor Gong would be controlled by regents and warlords.  Emperor Xiaowu died an unusual death—he was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after he insulted her.

Early life
Sima Yao was born in 362, when his father Sima Yu was Prince of Kuaiji and prime minister for his grandnephew, Emperor Ai.  Sima Yao's mother, Li Lingrong, was originally a servant involved in textile production but, based on a magician's words that she would bear his heir (his sons all having died early by that point), Sima Yu took her as his concubine and she gave birth to Sima Yao. As he was born at dawn, she named him Yao, with the courtesy name Changming, both meaning "dawn". A year later she gave birth to his brother, Sima Daozi. As the oldest surviving son of Sima Yu, Sima Yao was designated as the heir apparent early in his life, and in 365, when he was just three years old, Emperor Fei offered the greater title of Prince of Langya to his father and the title of Prince of Kuaiji to him. Sima Yu declined, both personally and on his son's behalf, and Emperor Fei did not insist on them taking on the greater titles.

In 371, having lost a devastating battle to the Former Yan general Murong Chui in 369, the paramount general Huan Wen accused Emperor Fei of impotence and of not being the biological father of his sons. He then deposed him and made Sima Yu the new emperor (as Emperor Jianwen), although actual power was in Huan's hands. In 372, Emperor Jianwen grew ill and he named Sima Yao crown prince but in his will, he offered the throne to Huan, if he wanted it. When his official Wang Tanzhi () objected, Emperor Jianwen gave approval for an amendment, written by Wang, wherein Huan was only compared to the statesmen Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao. Nevertheless, when Emperor Jianwen died, many officials were apprehensive of Huan, and not immediately willing to declare Crown Prince Yao as the new emperor. Finally, at the instigation of Wang Biaozhi (), Crown Prince Yao took the throne as Emperor Xiaowu.

Early reign
The new emperor was only 10 years old, therefore his cousin; Empress Dowager Chu (Emperor Kang's wife), served as regent, but the decisions were actually being made by Xie An and Wang Tanzhi; Huan Wen, apparently fearful of being entrapped, declined an offer to be regent. In 373, Huan Wen died and the fears of a Huan usurpation dissipated as his brother and successor, Huan Chong, was committed to the survival of the imperial government.

A major issue for the Jin government was the continued military pressure exerted by the powerful northern rival, Former Qin. In 373, Former Qin attacked and seized Jin's Liang (梁州, modern southern Shaanxi) and Yi (益州, modern Sichuan and Chongqing) provinces. Internally, however, Jin was apparently well-governed by Xie and Huan Chong.

In 375, Emperor Xiaowu married Wang Fahui (the daughter of the official, Wang Yun () as his empress. He was 13 and she was 16. He also started studying the Chinese classic texts and writing poetry. In 376, Empress Dowager Chu officially removed herself from the regent position and returned her powers to Emperor Xiaowu, although the decisions were still largely being made by Xie.

In 376, the Jin vassal, Former Liang, was attacked by Former Qin. Jin forces, under Huan Chong's command, attempted to relieve the pressure on Former Liang by attacking Former Qin, but Former Liang fell quickly and Huan Chong withdrew his forces. In apprehension of a Former Qin attack, Jin evacuated much of its population north of the Huai River to regions south of the river.

In 378, Former Qin made major attacks against the important Jin cities of Xiangyang, Weixing (魏興, in modern Ankang, Shaanxi), and Pengcheng. While general Xie Xuan was able to immediately recapture Pengcheng after it fell, Xiangyang and Weixing were taken by Former Qin forces in 379.

In 380, Empress Wang died. Emperor Xiaowu did not have another empress for the rest of his life.

In 381, Emperor Xiaowu began to study Buddhist sutras and he established a Buddhist study hall inside his palace, inviting monks to live within.

In 383, Huan Chong made a counterattack against Former Qin, hoping to recapture Xiangyang and the southwest. However, after initial losses, Huan abandoned the campaign.

The Battle of Fei River

Later in 383, Former Qin's emperor, Fu Jiān, launched a major attack against Jin, intending to destroy it and unite China. At the Battle of Fei River, however, his forces panicked after trying to retreat to draw Jin forces across the river, and his army was routed with great losses, including his brother and prime minister, Fu Rong. Former Qin began to collapse after this defeat and never again posed a threat to Jin.

Middle reign
After defeating Former Qin forces, Xie Xuan spearheaded a campaign to regain lost territory, and Jin captured most of the Former Qin provinces south of the Yellow River, as well as regaining Liang and Yi provinces. However, Prime Minister Xie An, who was most credited with the victory, began to lose favor in Emperor Xiaowu's eyes; Xie's son-in-law, Wang Guobao (), unhappy that Xie did not give him important posts, began to flatter both Emperor Xiaowu and his brother, Sima Daozi, the Prince of Kuaiji, as a means of undercutting Xie. Xie remained prime minister, however, until his death in 385; he was replaced by Sima Daozi. Both Emperor Xiaowu and Sima became obsessed with feasting and drinking, and neither spent much time on affairs of state.

In 387, Emperor Xiaowu named his oldest son, five-year-old Sima Dezong, crown prince, notwithstanding the fact that Sima was developmentally disabled—so severely that even after he grew older, he was described as not being able to talk, dress himself, or to tell whether he was full or hungry while eating.

In 390, Emperor Xiaowu began to tire of how his brother, Sima Daozi, was taking his favors for granted, and he decided to look for counterbalancing forces. He made the officials Wang Gong (王恭, Empress Wang's brother) and Yin Zhongkan () key regional governors, despite warnings that both Wang and Yin were talented but narrow-minded, and might create issues later.

Late reign
By 395, the conflict between Emperor Xiaowu and Sima had flared into the open, but because of the intercession of Empress Dowager Li, Emperor Xiaowu did not remove his brother. After further mediation by Xu Miao (), the relationship between the brothers seemed to be restored.

By 396, Emperor Xiaowu was spending so much of his time on drinking and women that he was not tending to important matters of state. His favorite consort was the beautiful Honoured Lady Zhang. In late fall 396, when she was almost 30 years old, Emperor joked at a feast saying, "Based on your age, you should yield your position. I want someone younger." That night, after Emperor Xiaowu fell drunk, she ordered all the eunuchs away, bribing them with wine, and then ordered her servant girls to suffocate Emperor Xiaowu by putting a blanket over his face. She further bribed the attendants and claimed that the emperor died suddenly in his sleep. The death was not investigated and the next day, Sima Dezong assumed the throne as Emperor An, with Sima Daozi as regent.

Era names
 Ningkang (寧康, níng kāng): 9 February 373 – 8 February 376
 Taiyuan (太元, tài yuán): 9 February 376 – 12 February 397

Family
Consorts and Issue:
 Empress Xiaowuding, of the Wang clan of Taiyuan (; 360–380), personal name Fahui ()
 Empress Dowager Ande, of the Chen clan (; 362–390), personal name Guinü ()
 Sima Dezong, Emperor An (; 382–419), first son
 Sima Dewen, Emperor Gong (; 386–421), second son
 Guiren, of the Zhang clan ()
 Unknown
 Princess Jinling (; d. 432)
 Married Xie Hun of Chen, Duke Wangcai (; d. 412)
 Married Wang Lian of Langya ()

Ancestry

References

362 births
396 deaths
Jin dynasty (266–420) emperors
Jin dynasty (266–420) Buddhists
Chinese Buddhist monarchs
4th-century Chinese monarchs

Emperor Xiaowu of Jin


Janna Jihad, née le  à Nabi Salih (territoire de Cisjordanie, Palestine), est la plus jeune activiste palestinienne et journaliste amateur depuis 2016.

Biographie
Janna Jihad nait à Nabi Salih, État de Palestine. Sa mère, Nawal Tamimi, est la directrice des affaires féminines au ministère du développement en Palestine.

Elle commence ses reportages sur le conflit israélo-palestinien à l'âge de sept ans, lorsque deux membres de sa famille sont tués. Elle est considérée comme l'une des plus jeunes journalistes du monde. Elle débute ses reportages pour présenter le point de vue des jeunes Palestiniens qui grandissent dans la violence, en utilisant à l'origine le smartphone de sa mère pour capturer des vidéos de manifestations près de chez elle et en les mettant en ligne sur Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat et YouTube. Janna Jihad est reconnue comme étant une défenseure des droits humains dans son pays par Amnesty International.

Notes et références

Personnalité féminine palestinienne
Naissance en avril 2006
Naissance en Cisjordanie

Janna Jihad


دائرة الغزوات إحدى دوائر ولاية تلمسان وتضم بلديات:
 الغزوات
 السواحلية
 تيانت
 دار يغمراسن

المصادر

غزوات

دائرة الغزوات


Dopul scuză mijloacele este un film românesc din 2014 regizat de Mihai Ionescu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Alexandru Bindea, Ruxandra Enescu.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2014 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2014
Filme dramatice românești

Dopul scuză mijloacele


The Maze Runner (El corredor del laberinto en España y Maze Runner: Correr o morir en Hispanoamérica), es una novela distópica escrita por el autor estadounidense James Dashner, como primer libro de la trilogía homónima. Fue publicado en octubre de 2009 por Delacorte Press, división de Random House Mondadori. Está escrito en tercera persona centrándose especialmente en Thomas, un adolescente que un día despierta en un área verde en la que habitan otros jóvenes de su edad ubicada en el centro de un laberinto, y no consigue recordar más que su nombre; con el pasar del tiempo, tendrá que aprender a convivir con los demás habitantes e irá desentrañando los misterios de cómo llegaron hasta allí. El libro obtuvo reseñas favorables por parte de los críticos, quienes alabaron la atmósfera y el suspense del argumento. Igualmente, ganó numerosos reconocimientos, incluyendo la etiqueta de best-seller.

Sinopsis
Al despertar dentro de una oscura caja en movimiento, Thomas solo recuerda su nombre. No sabe quién es. Tampoco hacia dónde va. Pero no está solo: cuando el ascensor llega a su destino, las puertas se abren y se ve rodeado por un grupo de jóvenes (todos varones).

El Glade (el Claro en España, el Área en Hispanoamérica) es un espacio abierto cercado por muros gigantescos llenos de vegetación. Al igual que Thomas, ninguno de ellos sabe cómo ha llegado allí, ni porqué. De lo que están seguros es de que cada mañana las puertas de piedra que los separan del laberinto que los rodea se abren y por la noche, se cierran. Y que cada mes alguien nuevo es entregado por el ascensor.

Un hecho altera de forma radical la rutina del lugar: días después de la llegada de Thomas llega una chica, la primera enviada al Glade, y más sorprendente todavía es el mensaje que trae. Thomas será más importante de lo que imagina. Pero para eso deberá descubrir los sombríos secretos guardados en su mente. Por alguna razón, sabe que para lograrlo debe correr. Correr será la clave, o morirá.

Personajes
Thomas: el protagonista principal de la historia. Es un adolescente que despierta en un ascensor que lo lleva al Área, sin recuerdo de su vida pasada. Luego de su llegada, comienzan a suceder muchos acontecimientos extraños, sintiéndose responsable de la mayoría. No tolera a Gally.

Teresa: Última en llegar al Claro/Área, tiene una extraña conexión telepática con Thomas, todos sospechan de sus intenciones.
Alby: es el líder y uno de los chicos mayores del Área, chico de piel oscura, pelo corto y carácter fuerte. Fue el primero en llegar al área en el grupo grande.
Chuck: el mejor amigo de Thomas en el Área. Era el habitante más nuevo hasta que Thomas llegó. Era de los más jóvenes, con 13 años.
Minho: el keeper (guardián en España, Encargado en Hispanoamérica) de los corredores, encargados de explorar el Laberinto. Junto a Thomas y Alby logran sobrevivir una noche en el laberinto. Es uno de los mejores amigos de Thomas.
Newt: segundo al mando en el Área. Solía ser un corredor hasta que abandonó debido a una lesión en la pierna. Es uno de los mejores amigos de Thomas.
Gally: el keeper de los constructores, tiene un obvio rencor hacia Thomas. Ha pasado por la «transformación» y dice haber visto a Thomas en ella.
Ben: Habitante del Área, sufre la transformación y luego es desterrado por atacar a Thomas.
Frypan (Fritanga en España, Sartén en Hispanoamérica): es el cocinero y el keeper de la cocina.
Winston: el Encargado de los carniceros en Hispanoamérica y el guardián de los cortadores en España.

Criaturas del laberinto

Grievers: laceradores (en España) o penitentes (en Latinoamérica), son monstruos que aparecen en el Laberinto por las noches y ocasionalmente en el día. Tratan de matar a los habitantes del Área. Han sido creados por CRUEL ―''Catástrofe y Ruina Universal: Experimento Letal'' (en Hispanoamérica) o 'Catástrofe Radical: Unidad de Experimentos Letales' (en España)―.
Escarabajos: son criaturas metálicas que espían a los habitantes dentro y fuera del Claro/Área. Llevan el nombre de la empresa CRUEL escrito.

Adaptación cinematográfica

En 2013, 20th Century Fox adquirió los derechos del libro y en septiembre de 2014 estrenó la adaptación cinematográfica homónima dirigida por el canadiense Wes Ball. Algunos de los actores incluidos fueron Dylan O'Brien como Thomas, Kaya Scodelario como Teresa, Thomas Brodie-Sangster como Newt, Will Poulter como Gally y Ki Hong Lee como Minho. El filme tuvo una recepción crítica media; en Metacritic, sitio recopilador de reseñas profesionales, acumuló un total de 56 puntos sobre 100 sobre la base de 34 críticas recopiladas, lo cual representa «reseñas variadas o medias». Varios críticos compararon la trama y la historia con El señor de las moscas (1990), Los juegos del hambre (2012) y Divergente (2014); aunque además de ello, alabaron la actuación, la atmósfera y el suspenso. Por otra parte, comercialmente resultó ser un éxito en taquilla, al recaudar más de 339 millones de dólares mundialmente, lo que es diez veces su presupuesto.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial en inglés.
 Ficha española del libro en el sitio web Nocturna Ediciones.
 Tráiler de la película en español en el sitio web YouTube.
 Tráiler de la película en inglés en el sitio web YouTube.

Novelas de 2009
Novelas de ciencia ficción
Literatura juvenil
Novelas estadounidenses adaptadas al cine

The Maze Runner


Kenan İmirzalıoğlu (d. 18 Haziran 1974, Ankara), Türk oyuncu, sunucu ve eski mankendir.

1997 yılında 10. Best Model of the World (Dünyanın En İyi Mankeni) yarışmasında Türkiye'yi temsil etti ve birinci oldu. Dizi ve sinema oyunculuğu yaptı. Mertlik ve intikam peşinde koşan karakterleri canlandırmasıyla tanındı. Deli Yürek (1998-2002), Ezel (2009-2011) ve  Karadayı (2012-2015) dizilerindeki rolleri ile Türkiye'de popüler olmuştur.

İlk yılları ve eğitimi
Kenan İmirzalıoğlu, 18 Haziran 1974 tarihinde Ankara ilinin Balâ ilçesine bağlı Üçem köyünde dünyaya geldi. Ancak nüfus kaydında 10 Nisan 1974 yazmaktadır. Ailesinin soyu Bozulus Türkmenleri'nin Tabanlı aşiretine dayanır. 17. yüzyıl sonunda Celali İsyanları sebebiyle Erzurum'un Horasan yöresinden göç ederek Balâ havalisine yerleşen Balâ ilçesi ve Üçem Köyünü kuran bir aileden gelir. Babası Mustafa İmirzalıoğlu, annesi Kırıkkale ilinin Keskin ilçesinin İğdebeli köyünden Yıldız İmirzalıoğlu'dur. Üç çocuklu ailenin en küçük evladı olan Kenan İmirzalıoğlu'nun Derviş adında bir ağabeyi, Zübeyde Yasemin adında bir ablası vardır. Eski Ankara milletvekili İbrahim İmirzalıoğlu, Kenan İmirzalıoğlu'nun amcasıdır.

Kenan İmirzalıoğlu 12 yaşına kadar Üçem köyünde yaşadı. Orta ve lise öğrenimini Ankara'da yaşayan teyzesinin yanında tamamladı. Ankara Çankaya Bahçelievler Deneme Lisesinden mezun oldu. Yükseköğrenimini İstanbul'da Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Matematik bölümünde tamamladı. Üniversite yıllarında mankenliğe başladı.

1997 yılında üniversite öğrencisi iken Best Model of Turkey (Türkiye'nin En İyi Mankeni) yarışmasına katıldı. Bu yarışmada birinci seçilince İstanbul'da gerçekleşen 10. Best Model of the World (Dünyanın En İyi Mankeni) yarışmasında Türkiye'yi temsil etti ve birinci oldu.

Oyunculuğu
Fakir bir gencin sınıf atlama mücadelesini anlatan Deli Yürek adlı dizide Yusuf Miroğlu karakterini canlandırdı ve tüm ülkede tanındı. Deli Yürek dizisi 1998-2002 yılları arasında yayımlandı. İmirzalıoğlu, 2001 yılında dizinin devamı niteliğindeki Deli Yürek: Bumerang Cehennemi adlı sinema filminde de aynı rolü canlandırdı.

2003-2005 yılları arasında Show TV'de yayımlanan Alacakaranlık adlı polisiye dizide Uğur Yücel ile başrolü paylaştı. Uğur Yücel'in yazıp yönettiği Yazı Tura (2004) filminde askerlikte yaşadığı travmaları atlatamayan Cevher adlı karakteri canlandırdı.

2005-2007 arasında Show TV'de yayımlanan Acı Hayat adlı drama dizisinde Mehmet Kosovalı rolünü; çizgi filmden uyarlanan Son Osmanlı Yandım Ali (2007) adlı sinema filminde Külhanbeyi Ali rolünü canlandırdı. Kabadayı (2008) adlı filmde Şener Şen ve Aslı Tandoğan ile başrolleri paylaşan sanatçı; 2009'da yönetmenliğini Uğur Yücel'in yaptığı Ejder Kapanı adlı filmde Akrep Celal rolünü üstlendi.

2009-2011 yılları arasında yayımlanan ve çok popüler olan Ezel adlı dizideki rolü ile Türkiye'de çok popüler oldu. 2012'de Osman Sınav'ın yönetmenliğini üstlendiği, Uzun Hikâye adlı sinema filminde oynadı.

Ay Yapım firması ile çekecekleri yeni dizi için 2012'de yaptığı 4.000.000$'lık ücret anlaşmasının Türkiye'de bir dizi oyuncusu için en yüksek ücreti olduğu duyurulan İmirzaloğlu, Karadayı dizisinde başrol üstlendi.

İstanbul Narkotik Şube Müdürlüğü tarafından 6 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde çeşitli illerde düzenlenen bir uyuşturucu operasyonu sonucunda gözaltına alındı. Ekim 2015'te İstanbul 19. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi'nin kararınca "uyuşturucu kullanmak" suçundan 10 ay hapis cezasına çarptırıldı. Mahkeme, hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılmasına ve beş yıl denetimli serbestlik tedbiri alınmasına karar verdi.

İmirzalıoğlu, 2016 yılında oyuncu Sinem Kobal ile evlendi. Çiftin, Lalin (2020) ve Leyla (2022) adlı iki kız çocukları oldu.

İmirzalioğlu, Peyami Sefa'nın eserinden sinemaya uyarlanan Cingöz Recai (2017) filminde başrol oynadı. Çekimleri İstanbul ve St. Petersburg'da gerçekleşen film, gişede başarılı olmadı. 2018 yılında Kanal D'de yayımlanan Mehmed: Bir Cihan Fatihi adlı tarihî dizide Fatih Sultan Mehmed'i canlandırdı. Dizi, 6.  bölümde sona erdi.

İmirzalıoğlu, 5 Ekim 2019'dan itibaren atv'de yayımlanan Kim Milyoner Olmak İster? adlı yarışma programının sunuculuğunu üstlenmektedir.

Filmografisi

Ödülleri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Beyazperde'de Kenan İmirzalıoğlu

 Diziler.com'da Kenan İmirzalıoğlu

Kim Milyoner Olmak İster?
Yaşayan insanlar
1974 doğumlular
Balâ doğumlular
Altın Kelebek Ödülü sahipleri
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
Türk erkek modeller
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler

Kenan İmirzalıoğlu


Le Prochain Rembrandt (en  ; ou encore Le Nouveau Rembrandt) est un tableau composé par une intelligence artificielle et créé à partir de données sur les techniques et méthodes de travail du peintre baroque néerlandais Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Le projet a été développé par l'agence néerlandaise J. Walter Thompson Amsterdam, qui a atteint son objectif au moyen d'algorithmes d'apprentissage profond et de techniques de reconnaissance faciale.

Élaboration
Afin de rendre le projet possible, une équipe composée de professionnels de formation différente (historiens de l'art, développeur et data-analystes) ont d'abord mené une analyse de  issus des 346 tableaux de Rembrandt encore existants. En plus de l'étude classique par les historiens de l'art, une analyse approfondie des peintures de l'auteur par scanner haute définition allié à un algorithme d'apprentissage profond ont permis de déterminer avec une haute précision le style et les évolutions de la technique de Rembrandt.

Grâce à l'utilisation d'algorithmes de reconnaissance faciale,  les développeurs ont pu identifier les motifs géométriques les plus courants du peintre pour peindre les éléments du visage. Une fois ces traits caractéristiques de l'artiste identifiés, l'agence a déterminé le profil d'une peinture type de Rembrandt, d'un portrait d'homme (51 % des portraits de Rembrandt sont ceux d'hommes) de type caucasien et âgé de 30 à 40 ans. Il a également été déterminé que l'homme aurait une moustache et une barbe, qu'il porterait des vêtements sombres avec un col et un chapeau blanc, et que sa tête serait inclinée vers la droite.

Des logiciels ont ensuite procédé au traitement des techniques de l'artiste tels que le clair-obscur, l'effet de relief et le sfumato ainsi qu'à l'analyse des mesures, proportions et disposition des yeux, du nez et de la bouche de chacun des tableaux du peintre. Cela a permis de faire ressortir 60 points sur chaque portrait de Rembrandt qui leur ont permis de mesurer la distance entre les différents points du visage.

Une fois l'œuvre définie, l'étude des numérisations 3D des œuvres de l'artiste a permis de reproduire certains détails caractéristiques des peintures de l'auteur tels que le coup de pinceau, le relief, la texture ou les pigments habituels. Avec une définition de plus de 149 millions de pixels, l'agence a eu recours à une imprimante 3D utilisant de l'encre ultraviolet  dans sa base. En imprimant plusieurs couches, l'équipe de recherche a obtenu la hauteur et la texture finale de la peinture reproduisant l'aspect d'une peinture à l'huile.

Présentation
Depuis le , date à laquelle The Next Rembrandt a été présenté à Amsterdam où a vécu et travaillé le peintre, le projet a remporté plus de 60 prix, dont 16 lors du festival international de la créativité Cannes Lions.

Prix
Liste complète des prix :

 2016 : 5 prix D&AD
 2016 : 10 prix One Show
 2016 : 8 Eurobest
 2016 : 8 prix LIA
 2016 : 6 prix Epica
 2016 : 3 prix Clio

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Art créé par intelligence artificielle

Tableau réalisé en 2016
Rembrandt
Intelligence artificielle dans l'art et la culture

Le Prochain Rembrandt


Square One: Michael Jackson é um documentário investigativo de 2019 dirigido por Danny Wu. O documentário foca no caso de 1993 em que Michael Jackson foi acusado de molestar um menino de 13 anos. Por meio de entrevistas com pessoas próximas ao caso, o filme defende a inocência de Michael Jackson. As entrevistas mostram depoimentos de testemunhas do julgamento, do sobrinho de Michael Jackson e do assistente jurídico do procurador em 1993.

Sinopse
Square One é um documentário investigativo independente que examina as alegações originais de abuso sexual infantil por Evan Chandler e seu filho, Jordan Chandler, de 13 anos, contra o pop star Michael Jackson. Evan Chandler inicialmente pediu 20 milhões de dólares em troca de não acusar Jackson publicamente, mas depois disse que estava disposto a aceitar 1 milhão. Depois que Michael Jackson se recusou a pagar essa quantia, em 17 de agosto de 1993, Chandler levou seu filho ao psiquiatra Mathis Abrams e Jordan disse a Abrams que Jackson o havia molestado. Abrams relatou as alegações ao Departamento de Crianças e Serviços Familiares do Condado de Los Angeles e o Departamento de Polícia de Los Angeles iniciou uma investigação logo depois. Em setembro, Jordan Chandler entrou com uma ação judicial por intermédio de seus pais.

O filme explica como, após uma tentativa fracassada de adiar o julgamento civil até que o caso criminal fosse resolvido, o que teria sido necessário para Michael Jackson proteger seus direitos para um julgamento criminal justo, em 25 de janeiro de 1994, Michael concordou em pagar 15 331 250 dólares para resolver o processo civil dos Chandlers. Esse acordo encerrou o processo civil, mas não a investigação criminal. Isso durou até 21 de setembro de 1994, quando os procuradores distritais anunciaram que se recusaram a apresentar acusações contra Michael porque Jordan não estava disposto a testemunhar. Eles também revelaram que o menino só os informou dessa decisão em 6 de julho de 1994, muitos meses após o acordo civil. Os procuradores distritais não explicaram por que não acusaram Michael Jackson enquanto Jordan ainda estava disposto a testemunhar.

O filme apresenta entrevistas com o sobrinho de Michael Jackson, Taj Jackson, três mulheres que estavam na lista de testemunhas de 2003 em People v. Jackson, o secretário jurídico de curta duração de Barry Rothman, Geraldine Hughes, e o jornalista Charles Thomson. O filme defende a inocência de Jackson, retratando-o como uma vítima do .

Lançamento
Square One foi lançado pela primeira vez no TCL Chinese Theatre em 28 de setembro de 2019, com pessoas próximas a Michael Jackson e outras pessoas presentes. Em 5 de outubro de 2019, o filme estreou em Londres e foi lançado no YouTube. No início de novembro de 2019, Danny Wu embarcou em uma turnê por várias cidades na China, estreando o filme em Pequim, Zhengzhou, Shenzhen, Kumming, Wunan, Xangai e a cidade natal de Wu, Chengdu. O filme teve sua estreia europeia em Amsterdã em 18 de janeiro de 2020. A estreia europeia foi coberta por vários veículos, incluindo Algemeen Dagblad, RTL Boulevard, SBS6 Shownieuws, De Telegraaf, Trouw, e Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau.

Square One foi disponibilizado em uma versão aprimorada no Amazon Prime Video em 7 de maio de 2020, nos EUA e no Reino Unido e mundialmente em 12 de junho.

Recepção
Josiah Teal, do Film Threat, disse sobre o documentário: "Achei este filme muito perspicaz, abrindo novas perspectivas sobre todo o legado de Michael Jackson". A UK Film Review deu ao documentário 4/4 estrelas, afirmando: "Parece que houve vários contra-argumentos levantados contra as revelações encontradas em Leaving Neverland, mas o filme de Wu consegue se destacar entre todos eles".

Ver também
 Acusações de abuso sexual infantil de 1993 contra Michael Jackson
 Leaving Neverland
 Michael Jackson: Chase the Truth
 Neverland Firsthand: Investigating the Michael Jackson Documentary

Ligações externas

 Square One no Top Documentary Films

Documentários do Reino Unido
Documentários dos Estados Unidos
Documentários da China
Documentários do Canadá
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2019
Filmes do Reino Unido de 2019
Documentários de 2019
Filmes sobre abuso sexual de menores
Documentários sobre Michael Jackson

Square One: Michael Jackson


Yeşilova, Çorum ilinin Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Büyük Kızıl olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 90 km, Sungurlu ilçe merkezine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sungurlu belde ve köyleri

Yeşilova, Sungurlu


Alájar, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden en çok nüfusa sahip olan, ülkenin güneybatı köşesindeki Endülüs otonom bölgesinin 8 eyaletinden Portekiz ve Atlas Okyanusu'na kıyısı bulunan Huelva eyaletine bağlı belediyesi. Alájar belediyesinin nüfusu, 2005 yılı nüfus sayımlarına göre 771 kişidir.

Alájar


Trichogramma platneri er sníkjuvespa af ættinni Trichogrammatidae. Hún er ættuð frá vesturhluta Bandaríkjanna (vestan við Klettafjöll), og sækir helst í hýsla í trjám og runnum. Tegundin sníkir á eggjum fjölda fiðrildategunda og er þess vegna notuð sem vörn gegn þeim.

Tilvísanir

Lífrænar varnir
Sníkjuvespur

Trichogramma platneri


Luiz Henrique de Souza Santos mit Kurznamen Luiz Henrique (* 23. September 1982 in Campo Grande) ist ein portugiesisch-brasilianischer Fußballspieler, der für Boluspor spielt.

Karriere
Luiz Henrique begann mit dem Profifußball bei EC Santo André.

Nachdem er hier sieben Spielzeiten aktiv war wechselte er 2008 ins Ausland zum türkischen Erstligisten MKE Ankaragücü. Hier spielte er eine Spielzeiten und löste im September 2009 seinen Vertrag auf.

Nachdem er fast eine Saison vereinslos war einigte er sich zur neuen Saison 2010/11 mit dem Erstligisten Kasımpaşa Istanbul. Zur Spielzeit 2012/13 wechselte er zum Zweitligisten Bucaspor. Im Frühjahr 2015 wechselte er innerhalb der TFF 1. Lig zu Boluspor.

Erfolge
Santo André
 Copa do Brasil: 2004

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (EC Santo André)
Fußballspieler (Kasımpaşa Istanbul)
Fußballspieler (Bucaspor)
Fußballspieler (MKE Ankaragücü)
Fußballspieler (Boluspor)
Copa-do-Brasil-Sieger
Portugiese
Brasilianer
Geboren 1982
Mann

Luiz Henrique de Souza Santos


The Rolls-Royce WR-21 is a  gas turbine marine engine, designed with a view to powering the latest naval surface combatants of the partner nations.

History
Developed with government funding input from the United Kingdom, France and the United States, the WR-21 was designed and manufactured by an international consortium led by Northrop Grumman as prime contractor. The turbine itself was designed primarily by Rolls-Royce with significant marine engineering and test facility input from DCN, with Northrop Grumman responsible for the intercooler, the recuperator and system integration.

WR-21 development draws heavily on the technology of the successful Rolls-Royce RB211 and Trent families of gas turbines.

The original design and development of the WR-21 was carried out by Westinghouse Electric Corporation (later Northrop Grumman Marine Systems) under a US Navy contract placed in December 1991. Later the Royal Navy and the French Navy became interested in the WR-21, leading to Rolls-Royce and DCN involvement.

The WR-21 is the propulsion system of Royal Navy Type 45 destroyers.

Design
The WR-21 is the first aeroderivative gas turbine to incorporate gas compressor intercooler and exhaust heat recovery system technologies that deliver low specific fuel consumption across the engine's operating range. It offers a reduction in fuel burn of 30% across the typical ship operating profile.

The intercooler cools air entering the high-pressure compressor, reducing the amount of energy required to compress the air.
The recuperator preheats the combustion air by recovering waste heat from the exhaust, improving cycle efficiency and reducing fuel consumption.

Specifications

 Rated power: 25.2 MW
 Specific fuel consumption: approximately
 Main module wet weight:
 Twin-spool gas generator and free-rotating power turbine
 Low-pressure (LP) spool with six-stage compressor and single-stage turbine at 6,200 rpm
 High-pressure (HP) spool with six-stage compressor and single-stage turbine at 8,100 rpm
 Five-stage free power turbine 3,600 rpm (60 Hz)
 Intercooler between LP and HP compressors
 Nine radial combustors
 Exhaust heat recuperator to combustor inlet air

Operational issues
In 2009 it was discovered that the Northrop Grumman intercooler as fitted in the WR-21, on Type 45 destroyers, had a major design flaw, failing to operate in water temperatures beyond 30C. The intercooler of the first Type 45 destroyer, , failed in the mid-Atlantic in 2010 and had to be repaired in Canada, with further repairs for intercooler failure in 2012 in Bahrain. The Type 45's pioneering integrated electric propulsion (IEP) system uses two WR-21s and two Wartsila 2-MW diesel generators to power everything on board, including weapons systems in addition to propulsion and other functions, leaving the ships vulnerable to "total electric failure". The Ministry of Defence said: "The Type 45 was designed for world-wide operations, from sub-Arctic to extreme tropical environments, and continues to operate effectively in the Gulf and the South Atlantic all year round."

The WR-21 engines will have to be supplemented by one or two additional diesel generators, fitted by cutting open the hull in dry dock.

Former First Sea Lord Admiral Philip Jones clarified that "WR-21 gas turbines were designed in extreme hot weather conditions to what we call "gracefully degrade" in their performance, until you get to the point where it goes beyond the temperature at which they would operate... we found that the resilience of the diesel generators and the WR-21 in the ship at the moment was not degrading gracefully; it was degrading catastrophically, so that is what we have had to address." The Admiral still argued that despite the problems, the Royal Navy has been able to deploy Type 45 destroyers in nine-month cycles to the Gulf region where temperatures are high with little fault. The Royal Navy has also been able to maintain at least two Type 45s at operational readiness.

References

External links
 Rolls-Royce WR-21 Marine gas turbine page (archived 2013-11-08)

Aero-derivative engines
Gas turbines
Marine engines

Rolls-Royce WR-21


لعبة الموت هو فيلم قام الممثل بروس لي ببطولته، لكن لم يكمله بسبب وفاته، وبعد سنوات أُكمل الفيلم بممثل بديل.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام أخرجها بروس لي
أفلام إثارة وأكشن هونغ كونغية
أفلام إثارة وحركة إنتاج عقد 1970
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أفلام إنتاج 1978
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أفلام إنتاج 2000
أفلام إنتاج 2009
أفلام إنتاج 2023
أفلام إنتاج كولومبيا بيكتشرز
أفلام باللغة الكانتونية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في كوريا الجنوبية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في هونغ كونغ
أفلام حركة إنتاج عقد 1970
أفلام حركة في 1973
أفلام حركة في 1978
أفلام عن رياضيين
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أفلام فنون عسكرية 1978
أفلام فنون عسكرية هونغ كونغية
أفلام فنون قتال 1973
أفلام كونغ فو
أفلام مصورة في كوريا الجنوبية
أفلام مصورة في هونغ كونغ
أفلام من إخراج سامو هونغ
أفلام ناقصة عقد 1970
أفلام هونغ كونغ
أفلام هونغ كونغية عن انتقام
أفلام هونغ كونغية في عقد 1970
لعبة الموت
Concord Production Inc.

لعبة الموت (فيلم)


The Piedmont Triad (or simply the Triad) is a metropolitan region in the north-central part of the U.S. state of North Carolina anchored by three cities: Greensboro, Winston-Salem, and High Point. This close group of cities lies in the Piedmont geographical region of the United States and forms the basis of the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area. As of 2012, the Piedmont Triad has an estimated population of 1,611,243 making it the 33rd largest combined statistical area in the United States.

The metropolitan area is connected by Interstates 40, 85, 73, and 74 and is served by the Piedmont Triad International Airport. Long known as one of the primary manufacturing and transportation hubs of the southeastern United States, the Triad is also an important educational, healthcare, and cultural region and occupies a prominent place in the history of the American Civil Rights Movement.

Counties
As part of a redefining of metropolitan areas by the US Census Bureau, the old Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area was broken up in 2003 into five separate areas—three Metropolitan Statistical Areas and two Micropolitan Areas. In some ways, however, the region still functions as a single metropolitan area.

Municipalities

The name in italics is the county in which the city is located.

Primary cities

Greensboro Guilford – 299,035
Winston-Salem Forsyth – 249,545
High Point Guilford, Forsyth, Davidson & Randolph – 114,059

Secondary cities over 10,000 in population
Burlington Alamance & Guilford  55,481
Thomasville Davidson  27,183
Asheboro Randolph  27,156
Kernersville Forsyth & Guilford  26,449
Clemmons Forsyth 21,163
Lexington Davidson – 19,632
Eden Rockingham 15,527
Reidsville Rockingham 14,520
Graham Alamance 14,153
Lewisville Forsyth 12,639
Archdale Randolph & Guilford 11,415
Mebane Alamance & Orange  11,393
Mount Airy Surry 10,388
Summerfield Guilford 10,232

Other municipalities under 10,000 in population

Alamance Alamance 951
Bermuda Run Davie 1,725
Bethania Forsyth 328
†Biscoe Montgomery 1,700
Boonville Yadkin 1,222
†Candor Montgomery 840
Cooleemee Davie 960
Danbury Stokes 189
Denton Davidson 1,636
Dobson Surry 1,586
East Bend Yadkin 612
Elkin Surry 4,001
Elon Alamance 9,419
Franklinville Randolph 1,164
Gibsonville Guilford & Alamance 6,410
Glen Raven Alamance 2,750
Green Level Alamance 2,100
Haw River Alamance 2,298
Jamestown Guilford 3,382
Jonesville Yadkin 2,285
King Stokes & Forsyth 6,904
Liberty Randolph 2,656
Madison Rockingham 2,246
Mayodan Rockingham 2,478
Midway Davidson 4,783
†Milton Caswell 166
Mocksville Davie 5,051
†Mount Gilead Montgomery 1,181
Oak Ridge Guilford 6,185
Ossipee Alamance 543
Pilot Mountain Surry 1,477
Pleasant Garden Guilford 4,489
Ramseur Randolph 1,692
Randleman Randolph 4,113
Rural Hall Forsyth 2,937
Saxapahaw Alamance 1,648
Seagrove Randolph 228
Sedalia Guilford 623
Staley Randolph 393
†Star Montgomery 876
Stokesdale Guilford & Rockingham 5,047
Stoneville Rockingham 1,056
Swepsonville Alamance 1,154
Tobaccoville Forsyth 2,441
Trinity Randolph 6,614
†Troy Montgomery 3,189
Wallburg Davidson 3,047
Walkertown Forsyth 4,675
Walnut Cove Stokes 1,425
Welcome Davidson 4,162
Wentworth Rockingham 2,807
Whitsett Guilford 590
Yadkinville Yadkin 2,959
†Yanceyville Caswell 2,039

† Indicates municipalities in Montgomery and Caswell (counties usually locally included as part of Piedmont Triad)

Education

K–12 education
The area is served by Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, Rockingham County Schools, Alamance-Burlington School System, Caswell County Schools, Davidson County Schools, Randolph County School System, Stokes County Schools, Surry County Schools, Yadkin County Schools, and Guilford County Schools. The area is home to a number of religious schools, as well as a number of independent schools including Wesleyan Christian Academy and High Point Christian Academy in High Point, Summit School in Winston-Salem, Forsyth Country Day School in Lewisville,  Greensboro Day School and Greensboro Montessori School in Greensboro.

Educational institutions
More than 20 institutions of higher education are located within the Triad, including:

Alamance Community College
Bennett College
Bridges Christian College
Carolina University
Davidson-Davie Community College
Elon University
Forsyth Technical Community College
Greensboro College
Guilford College
Guilford Technical Community College
High Point University
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
University of North Carolina School of the Arts
Randolph Community College
Rockingham Community College
Salem College
Surry Community College
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Wake Forest University
Winston-Salem State University

Three prominent boarding schools also call the Triad home:  Salem Academy, Oak Ridge Military Academy, and the American Hebrew Academy.

Museums
Major art and historical museums contribute to the cultural climate of the region, including the Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art (SECCA), The Reynolda House Museum of American Art, Old Salem, High Point Historical Museum, Mendenhall Plantation, the Weatherspoon Museum of Modern Art (located on the campus of UNCG), Blandwood Mansion and Gardens, the Greensboro Historical Museum, Guilford Battleground National Military Park, and the Charlotte Hawkins Brown State Museum.  The area also has its fair share of scientific museums, such as SciWorks, the International Civil Rights Center and Museum, the Wake Forest Museum of Anthropology, and the Greensboro Science Center. The North Carolina Zoo, the world's largest open-air natural habitat zoo, is located just outside the Randolph County city of Asheboro.

Economy
The economy in the Piedmont Triad is a mixed economy.

Industry and manufacturing
The Triad area is notable for large textile, tobacco, and furniture corporations. The Triad remains a national center for textile manufacturing, represented by corporations including Hanes based in Winston-Salem, Glen Raven, Inc. based in Glen Raven, and International Textile Group, based in Greensboro. Tobacco remains a prominent crop in the Triad's rural areas and many tobacco companies like Lorillard Tobacco Company of Greensboro and Reynolds American, based in Winston-Salem, call the Piedmont Triad home.  Numerous furniture manufacturers are also headquartered in the Triad area, especially in the cities of High Point (deemed the "Furniture Capital of the World"), Thomasville (known as the "Chair City"), and Lexington. The furniture and textile industries have in turn spawned large trucking, logistics, and warehousing businesses in the area.  Popular brands like "Thomasville" and "Lexington" are derived from the names of these cities. Recently, however, many furniture and tobacco factories have been closing and/or laying off workers across the region in response to escalating industrial globalization.

Technology and biotechnology
After many of the old industries in the area began to die out, many Piedmont Triad cities began encouraging technological businesses to move into the Triad. Winston-Salem, for instance, founded within its downtown the Piedmont Triad Research Park, now known as Wake Forest Innovation Quarter, a highly interactive, 200-acre, master-planned innovation community developed to support life science and information technology research and development. Dell, Inc., in the early 2000s struck a deal with local officials allowing for the construction of a new computer assembly plant near the Triad city of Kernersville. Dell pulled out of its contract with the city, however, and left after only a few years.  Additionally, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, the largest institution of higher learning in the region, and North Carolina A&T State University have joined forces to establish the Gateway University Research Park, a technology-based entity that will focus its efforts on a host of biological, life, and environmental science research projects.  Upon full build out of the project, it is expected to be housed by two  campuses, employ approximately 2,000 people, and generate $50 million per year to the Triad economy. LabCorp, one of the largest clinical laboratories in the world, has its corporate headquarters and several of its testing facilities in Burlington.

Other companies headquartered in the region
Biscuitville
Cook Out
Columbia Forest Products
FedEx
HanesBrands
Honda Aircraft Company
Krispy Kreme Doughnuts
Kontoor Brands
K&W Cafeterias
Lowes Foods
The Fresh Market
Texas Pete
Toyota Motor North America
Volvo Trucks of North America
Wrangler

Shopping
The following are the most prominent regional shopping centers/malls in the Piedmont Triad region:
 Four Seasons Town Centre, Greensboro
 Friendly Center, Greensboro
 Hanes Mall, Winston-Salem
 Alamance Crossing, Burlington
 Burlington Outlet Village, Burlington
 Holly Hill Mall, Burlington
 Tanger Outlets, Mebane
 Marketplace Mall, Winston-Salem
 Randolph Mall, Asheboro

Transportation

Primary highways

The Triad is home to an extensive freeway network, which is in the process of undergoing a major expansion. Four major Interstate highways and numerous secondary Interstate routes and US routes serve the region:
Interstate highways
 I-40, the primary east–west route across the region. In the eastern Triad, it is conjoined with I-85.  The two routes split in Greensboro.
 I-840 (Painter Boulevard), part of the Greensboro Urban Loop, currently under construction.  When complete, I-840 will form the northern half of the loop.
 I-73, the primary north–south route across the region, much of which has yet to be constructed.  The route mostly carries portions of US 220 along it, with the exception of the portion along Bryan Boulevard, and another segment that shares the southwestern portion of the Greensboro Outer Loop, and was briefly designated as I-40 before its opening in February, 2008.  This portion was originally designated as I-40, with the current and original I-40 being re-designated as Business 40.
 I-74, running across the region from southeast to northwest.  Like I-73, much of the route has yet to be constructed, but several disjointed segments are currently open and signed as either I-74 or "FUTURE I-74".  The route enters the region from the south conjoined with I-73, and diverges from there north of Asheboro toward High Point.  The southern segment presently terminates at an intersection with I-40 east of Winston-Salem; new freeway is being built that will form the eastern segment of the Winston-Salem Beltway. The northern segment leaves US 52 in Mount Airy, heading northwest out of the region.
 I-274, currently only in the planning stages, is the proposed designation for the western half of the Winston-Salem Beltway.
 I-85, connects the region to Charlotte and points southwest.  Enters from the east conjoined with I-40, and splits from that route in Greensboro.
 I-85 Business (Green-85), a business route between Lexington and Greensboro,  consists of a former temporary alignment of I-85 that is a partial-controlled access highway.  A former northern segment, which received its designation when a new I-85 was opened as part of the Greensboro Urban Loop, is entirely freeway.
 I-285, connecting Winston-Salem to Lexington, is currently part of the US 52 freeway being upgraded to Interstate standards.
 I-785, connecting Greensboro to Danville, Virginia, the route is under development. It is currently part of US 29, much of which is not Interstate standard.
US highways
 US 29 runs roughly northeast to southwest across the region. Most of the route is either concurrent with, or parallel to Interstate highways, including I-785 (when completed) and I-85 (parallel).
 US 52 runs north–south through the region, serving as the main north–south freeway route through Winston-Salem.  The entire freeway is planned for upgrade to Interstate standards. North of Winston-Salem most of the route is scheduled to become part of I-74 (until Exit 140 where existing I-74 starts and travels west along its own freeway, and US 52 continues north into town via expressway), while south of the city it is cosigned with I-285.
 US 64 is an east–west highway through the southern Triad, connecting Asheboro, Lexington, and Mocksville.
 US 70 is an east–west highway that closely parallels I-85 through the entire region.
 US 158 runs roughly northeast–southwest across the region, terminating in Mocksville at US 601 and US 64, just south of I-40.
 US 220 is currently the primary north–south route through Greensboro, and travels nearly symmetrically through the middle of the region; most of the route runs along I-73, except between Greensboro and Summerfield where it is named "Battleground Avenue" .
 US 311 is a nominally north–south route that runs northeast–southwest between Danville, VA and Winston-Salem. The former alignment south of Winston-Salem has been fully signed as I-74; work has begun on US 311 signage removal on this alignment.
 US 421 enters the region from the southeast, and joins I-85 in Greensboro. It then takes I-85 South to I-73 North to western Greensboro. The route is then co-signed with I-40 briefly. After leaving Greensboro, it continues westward through Winston-Salem, the rural area of Yakdinville, and continues into Wilkesboro.
Other routes and highways
The Greensboro Urban Loop is a fully completed freeway that loops around Greensboro. The routes I-73, I-85, I-785, I-840, and US 421 are currently designated as part of the loop.
The Winston-Salem Beltway is an under construction freeway that will loop around Winston-Salem. As of 2022, the stretch between US 421/Salem Parkway in Kernersville to NC 66/University Parkway near Rural Hall is opened, and is designated as NC 74.
Wendover Avenue is primarily a four to six lane limited-access corridor that traverses through Greensboro from High Point. The route also bypasses downtown Greensboro. The road connects NC 68 to Interstate 73, U.S. 421, Interstate 40, US 220, US 29, and it continues as US 70 towards the east end of the route.
Silas Creek Parkway is primarily a four-lane limited-access corridor that serves as the partial loop that traverses in the western area of Winston-Salem. Most of the road runs with NC 67 and serves as a convenient way to Wake Forest University, Forsyth Tech, and Hanes Mall, for drivers on Interstate 40 and US 421.

Air

Piedmont Triad International Airport (GSO)

Mass transportation
Piedmont Authority for Regional Transportation (PART) is the Triad's 10-county regional organization with the goal of enhancing all forms of transportation through regional cooperation. PART Express Bus provides express service to each major Triad city from Piedmont Triad International Airport, while Connections Express connects the Triad to Duke and UNC Medical Centers. PART also has Express Bus service to outlying counties that surround the Triad including Surry, Stokes, Davidson, Yadkin, and Randolph Counties and soon to be Davie County. PART is also administering and developing several rail service studies that include both commuter and intercity rail.

Government
The region is served by the Piedmont Triad Regional Council (PTRC).  The PTRC was formed by the merger of the Northwest Piedmont Council of Governments and Piedmont Triad Council of Governments on July 1, 2011.  The PTRC is a membership organization of the 12 counties and 62 municipalities in the Triad region.

Protected areas
The Piedmont Triad has several protected areas, which lay entirely or partly in the region:
Blue Ridge Parkway, partly within Surry and Wilkes counties
Boone's Cave Park, Davidson County
Deep River State Trail, partly within Guilford and Randolph counties
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, Guilford County
Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County
High Rock Lake, Davidson and Rowan counties
Haw River State Park, Guilford and Rockingham counties
Mayo River State Park, Rockingham County
Mountains-to-Sea Trail, partly within Alamance, Forsyth, Guilford, Stokes, Surry, and Wilkes counties
Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, partly within Surry and Wilkes counties
Pilot Mountain State Park, Surry and Yadkin counties
Uwharrie National Forest, Davidson, Montgomery and Randolph counties
Wil-Cox Bridge at Yadkin River Park, Davidson County
Yadkin River State Trail, partly within Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Surry, Wilkes, and Yadkin counties

Media

Newspapers
The following are prominent newspapers in the Piedmont Triad region and the counties each newspaper covers.
 Greensboro News & Record, Guilford County
 The Carolina Peacemaker, Guilford County
 ¨Hola Noticias¨, The Triad
 Winston-Salem Journal, Forsyth County
 Burlington Times-News, Alamance County
 Mebane Enterprise, Alamance County
 Courier-Tribune, Randolph County
 Thomasville Times, Davidson County
 The Dispatch, Davidson County
 High Point Enterprise, High Point, Guilford County
 Archdale-Trinity News, Randolph County
 The Stokes News, Stokes County
 The Reidsville Review, Rockingham County
 The Tribune, Surry, Wilkes, and Yadkin counties
 Mount Airy News, Surry County
 Qué Pasa, The Triad
 YES! Weekly, Guilford County, Forsyth County
 Triad City Beat, Guilford County, Forsyth County
 The Jamestown News, Guilford County
 The Stokesdale News, Guilford County
 Northwest Observer, Guilford County

Other
The Old Gold & Black, a free daily student newspaper at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem

Television stations
All of the Piedmont Triad region belongs to the Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point television designated market area (DMA). The following are stations that broadcast to this DMA. These stations are listed by call letters, virtual channel number, network and city of license.
WFMY-TV, 2, CBS, Greensboro
WGHP, 8, Fox, High Point
WXII, 12, NBC, Winston-Salem
Spectrum News, 14, Greensboro (Charter Communications)
WGPX, 16, Ion, Burlington
WCWG, 20, CW, Lexington
WUNL-TV, 26, PBS/UNC-TV, Winston-Salem
WLXI-TV, 43, TCT, Greensboro
WXLV-TV, 45, ABC, Winston-Salem
WGSR-LD, 47, Independent, Reidsville
WMYV, 48, My, Greensboro

Radio

FM stations
WFDD (88.5, News/Talk/Classical music, NPR affiliate), operated by Wake Forest University
WBFJ-FM (89.3, Contemporary Christian)
WNAA (90.1, Variety), operated by North Carolina A&T State University
WSNC (90.5, Jazz), operated by Winston-Salem State University
WQFS (90.9, Variety), operated by Guilford College
WXRI (91.3, Southern gospel)
WKRR (92.3, Classic rock)
WPAW (93.1, Country music)
WWLV (94.1, Contemporary Christian)
WPTI (94.5, Talk radio)
WHPE-FM (95.5, Christian talk)
WQMG (97.1, urban Adult contemporary)
WIST-FM (98.3, Regional Mexican)
WSMW (98.7, Adult hits)
WMAG (99.5, Adult contemporary)
WMKS (100.3, Contemporary hit radio)
WYMY (101.1, Regional Mexican)
WJMH (102.1, Rhythmic contemporary)
WUAG (103.1, Variety), operated by University of North Carolina at Greensboro
WTQR (104.1, Country music)
WFOZ-LP (105.1, Variety), operated by Forsyth Technical Community College
WVBZ (105.5, Mainstream rock)
WKZL (107.5, Top 40 Mainstream)

AM stations
WSJS (600, sports)
WZOO (700, classic hits)
WPAQ (740, Americana and bluegrass)
WBLO (790, Spanish adult contemporary)
WTRU (830, Christian talk)
WPIP (880, religious)
WPCM (920, sports)
WPET (950, religious)
WTOB (980, classic hits)
WSGH (1040, Spanish)
WGOS (1070, Spanish religious)
WKTE (1090, oldies)
WMFR (1230, sports)
WCOG (1320, oldies)
WPOL (1340, gospel music)
WLXN (1440, Southern gospel)
WWBG (1470, oldies)
WLOE (1940, news/talk)
WSMX (1500, Contemporary Christian)
WEAL (1510, gospel music)
WDSL (1520, classic country, bluegrass, and gospel)
WBFJ (1550, Christian talk)
WYZD (1560, Christian)
WYSR (1590, Spanish)

See also

I-85 Corridor
Piedmont Atlantic
Piedmont Crescent

References

Regions of North Carolina

External links
 Piedmont Triad Regional Council
 Piedmont Triad Partnership
 Guilford County Schools

Piedmont Triad


Mesozoa, solucan benzeri parazitik canlıları kapsayan hayvanlar şubesidir.

Denizlerde yaşayan omurgasız hayvanlarda iç parazit olarak yaşarlar. Vücutları 2 hücre tabakasından oluşmuştur, endoderm ve mezoglea bulundurmazlar. Çok hücreli basit organizasyonlu canlılardır. Vücutlarının iç tarafı üreme hücreleri dış tarafı ise silli hücrelerle kuşatılmıştır.

Mesozoa, Rhombozoa ve Orthonectida gruplarını kapsar.

 Rhombozoa grubu,
Yumuşakçaların karındanbacaklılar sınıfında bulunan türlerin nefricium kanallarında yaşarlar. Oval larva şekilleri bulunmaktadır. Bu larva çok sayıda madde ile dolmuş sil bulundurmayan apikal hücreler ve vücut yüzeyini kapatan silli hücrelerden meydana gelmiştir.

 Orthonecta grubu,
Larvaları morfolojik açıdan tek hücreli sillilere benzer. Ergin vücudundan ayrılan larva bir süre yalnız yüzer daha sonra yeni konukçuya tutunur ve orada erginleşir.

Her iki grupta da başkalaşım (metamorfoz) görülmez.

Tarihte, Mesozoa, Agnotozoa'nın alt alemi olarak kabul edilmiştir.

Parazitik hayvanlar
Hayvan şubeleri
Deniz hayvanları

Mesozoa


El año 496 fue convocado un concilio en Roma por el Papa Gelasio que estuvo compuesto de setenta Obispos.

En él se hizo un Decreto que contiene un Catálogo de las Sagradas Escrituras y es conforme a él que está hoy recibido en la Iglesia Católica. Después de los libros inspirados, dice este mismo Decreto, recibe la Iglesia los cuatro Concilios Generales, de Nicea, de Constantinopla, de Éfeso y de Calcedonia. Después de ellos, los Concilios autorizados por los Padres. Luego, las Obras de San Cipriano, de San Atanasio, de San Gregorio Nacianceno, de San Basilio, de San Cirilo de Alejandría, de San Juan Crisóstomo, de San Hilario, de San Ambrosio, de San Agustín, de San Gerónimo, de San Próspero y la Carta del Papa San León a Flaviano.

Entre los apócrifos nombra el Decreto los de Fausto de Riez. Después hace el Papa Gelasio la distinción de la Potencia Eclesiástica y Secular en estos términos:

El Emperador no tiene el nombre de Pontífice, ni el Pontífice la Dignidad Real. Dios ha separado las funciones de la una y de la otra Potencia, para que los Emperadores Cristianos tuviesen necesidad de los Pontífices para la vida eterna y que los Pontífices siguiesen las ordenanzas de los Emperadores para las cosas temporales.

Referencias
Diccionario portátil de los concilios, Pons-Augustin Alletz, 1782

Concilios de Roma

Concilio de Roma (496)


Trans-Pacific Partnership eller TPP er en handelsaftale mellem 12 lande omkring Stillehavet: Canada, USA, Mexico, Peru, Chile, New Zealand, Australien, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam og Japan. Aftalen blev underskrevet af 12 lande den 4. februar 2016 i Auckland, New Zealand efter 7 års forhandling.

USA har ikke ratificeret aftalen og den 23. januar 2017 underskrev USA's præsident Donald Trump et dekret om at USA skal træde ud af aftalen.

Referencer

International handel

Trans-Pacific Partnership


El combate de Maipo sucedió en febrero de 1544 en el Río Maipo, en la parte que pasa cerca de Santiago, como parte de la Guerra de Arauco, que enfrentaba a españoles y mapuches.

Antecedentes
Pedro de Valdivia controlaba las zonas cercanas a Santiago y el valle de Quillota. Cuando recibió refuerzos, decidió avanzar hasta el valle del Cachapoal.

Allí luchó con los indígenas en el combate de Cachapoal, donde, después de la victoria inicial, los mapuches los emboscaron y los españoles se retiraron.

Los indígenas, contentos con la victoria, los siguieron para terminar con los conquistadores. Valdivia, con 50 hombres de caballería, decidió hacerles frente.

El combate
Los indígenas eran de una cantidad mayor a los que venían a enfrentarlos, pero estos contaban con mayor tecnología y con caballos, que eran muy temidos por los indígenas.

Entonces, la caballería llegó para hacer frente a los mapuches, derrotándolos ampliamente.

Consecuencias
Esta derrota total hizo que los nativos de esas tierras se fueran de las mismas hacia el sur, destruyendo todo lo que podría servirles a los españoles e incendiando las casas y los cultivos, huyendo al sur del río Maule.

Por eso, el gobernador mandó a Francisco de Villagra y a Francisco de Aguirre para convencer a los indígenas que volviesen a sus tierras. Estos fueron hasta el río Itata y convencieron a una parte de los mismos, ya que vivían en precarias condiciones.

Referencias

Fuentes

Maipo
Conflictos en 1544
España en 1544
Historia de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago
Batallas del reinado de Carlos I de España y V del Sacro Imperio (1516-1556)

Combate de Maipo


Rise Of The Triad es un videojuego de disparos en primera persona desarrollado y distribuido por 3D Realms. El juego narra las aventuras de un grupo de soldados pertenecientes a un grupo llamado HUNT (High risk United Nations Taskforce - en español Grupo de trabajo de Alto Riesgo de las Naciones Unidas) quienes son enviados a la isla de San Nicolás a espiar las actividades de un clan liderado por un hombre que se hace llamar El Oscuro.

El juego

La mecánica del juego es la clásica dentro del género FPS (First Person Shooter), ésta consiste en una secuencia de niveles que debemos superar uno tras otro. El juego transcurre por diversos escenarios (el castillo, los laboratorios de robótica, el monasterio, etc), cada nivel superado nos dará acceso al siguiente. Conforme pasamos los distintos niveles nos enfrentaremos a diversos "Boss" o "Jefes", hasta que en el último nivel nos enfrentaremos nuestro gran enemigo, "El Oscuro".

La estructura de los niveles se basan en puzzles habituales: encontrar las llaves que nos permiten el acceso a zonas para llegar hasta el final del nivel (una escalera que nos conduce a la siguiente etapa), en tanto enfrentamos a la oposición que ofrecen enemigos cuya variedad abarca desde soldados hasta sacerdotes, incluyendo robots de combate. También se puede acceder a zonas ocultas al pisar en determinados lugares o empujar en ciertas paredes, que nos conducirán a zonas donde encontraremos ítems de salud, armas o puntaje. Dentro de cada etapa, al igual que en otros FPS, se podrá acceder a un nivel secreto, en el cual encontrábamos nuevos desafíos y bonificaciones.

Rise Of The Triad se destaca especialmente sobre otros videojuegos del género por la incorporación de elementos tradicionales de los videojuegos de plataformas, tales como plataformas elevadas, trampas y puntos que, al obtener determinada cantidad, nos proporcionaban vida. Al terminar cada nivel, obteníamos una bonificación opcional dependiendo la totalidad de puntos recolectados, de enemigos eliminados, etc. También al finalizar el juego teníamos acceso a una tabla de puntuaciones, dependiendo la cantidad de puntos obtenidos.

También fue uno de los primeros FPS en permitir la elección de un personaje entre otros, a pesar de que no se diferenciaran entre ellos mediante habilidades y equipamiento como en otros juegos como Hexen o Blood II: The Chosen. Si bien utiliza un motor gráfico obsoleto, con gráficos de 90°, el juego recrea plataformas que simulan escaleras, puentes e incluso introducen elevadores. Se destaca también el sistema de trampas variadas, como columnas gitarorias con cuchillas, paredes móviles o paredes con cañones de fuego, entre otras, capaces de dañar tanto a los personajes como a los enemigos.

El nivel de violencia gráfico es también altamente excesivo: en ocasiones podremos ver a los enemigos saltar en pedazos y ver sus miembros (ojos en particular) chorreando al costado de la pantalla. También podremos verlos quemarse, convertidos en esqueletos que luego son reducidos a ceniza. De cualquier manera, el nivel de violencia y sangre puede reducirse desde el menú principal del juego.

Otro detalle a destacar es el sistema de armamento: el arma por defecto es una pistola con munición infinita, pero con una cadencia de disparo realmente lenta. Se puede incrementar el poder de fuego luego obteniendo una pistola extra y, finalmente, una metralleta MP40, ambas con munición infinita. Se puede también acceder a una cuarta arma, la cual, a diferencia de las anteriores, sí consume munición y no puede recargarse, sino hasta conseguir otra arma. Esta cuarta arma es de carácter potente, ideal para grupos de enemigos numerosos o jefes finales. Sin embargo, sólo se puede escoger una: es decir que, al tomar un cuarto arma, si ya poseemos una en su lugar, dejará la que poseemos para tomar la que recogeremos. Las armas en esta posición pueden ser una bazuca, un Heatseeker (lanzamisiles que buscan al enemigo), un Split misile launcher (que lanza dos cohetes buscadores), un Drunk missile launcher (que lanza varios misiles de pequeño tamaño), una Firebomb (que provoca una fuerte explosión de fuego, muy potente), una Firewall, (que arroja una pared de fuego que reduce a los enemigos a esqueletos cenicientos), un Excalibat (el único arma que puede usarse cuerpo a cuerpo, golpeando a los enemigos, además de arrojar varias pelotas explosivas) o un Dark Staff (un bastón que arroja un hechizo que traspasa a los enemigos, haciéndolos saltar en pedazos).

Otro detalle a destacar es que los enemigos son sprites realizados con actores por medio de Stop motion en lugar de gráficos dibujados con editores de sprites. Como curiosidad, se puede destacar que el villano principal es interpretado por Tom Hall, jefe desarrollador del proyecto.

Como curiosidad, si jugabas el día de Navidad, en la pantalla de carga de los niveles, el personaje principal aparecía con un gorro de Papa Noel.

Argumento

El juego se orienta, según la secuencia de introducción, en la isla de San Nicolás, un año en el futuro, es decir, el futuro cercano. Cinco hombres pertenecientes al HUNT (Taradino Cassatt, Thi Barrett, Lorelei Ni, Doug Wendt, y Ian Paul Freeley) se encuentran allí, espiando las actividades de un culto dirigido por un multimillonario ocultista conocido como El Oscuro. Poco antes de dar noticia a sus superiores, su medio de transporte, una barca, es descubierta y volada por los guardias. Conocida su posición y sin manera de escapar, los cinco espías no tendrán más opción que adentrarse en el monasterio y detener la amenaza por cuenta propia.

Desarrollo

Rise Of The Triad iba a ser la continuación de Spear of Destiny, es decir, el tercer juego de la saga Wolfenstein. Desarrollado por Apogee originalmente, los desarrolladores llevaron la idea en 1993 a Id Software, desarrolladora de la saga Wolfenstein para su posterior producción. Sin embargo, éstos, ocupados en la explotación de la saga Doom, y el desarrollo de su sucesor, Quake, quienes decidieron postergar el proyecto, en vistas del motor gráfico obsoleto y que las aventuras de B.J. Blazkowickz, héroe de la saga Wolfenstein, habían quedado en el pasado.

De esta manera, los desarrolladores decidieron llevar a cabo su propia idea bajo el nombre de 3DRealms (desarrolladora del clásico Duke Nukem 3D), y el juego salió a la venta bajo el nombre de Rise Of The Triad y prescindiendo del personaje de Blazkowickz, por razones de copyright. Sin embargo, se pueden apreciar perfectamente los detalles inspirados en la saga: la comunión de fuerzas armadas con ocultismo e ingeniería mecánica, la MP40 (arma por defecto de las tropas alemanas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial), entre otros.

Enlaces externos

 https://web.archive.org/web/20071205224448/http://www.3drealms.com/rott/ Sitio oficial (en inglés)
 http://doom.wikia.com/wiki/Rise_of_the_Triad Wiki especializada en videojuegos del género (en inglés)
 http://www.arcades3d.net/descargas/rott/risetriad.var Ficha y enlace de descarga del juego

Videojuegos de 1994
Videojuegos de disparos en primera persona
Videojuegos multijugador en línea
Videojuegos para DOS
Videojuegos para Mac
Videojuegos para GNU/Linux
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Videojuegos para iOS
Videojuegos con protagonistas femeninas
Videojuegos con protagonistas masculinos

Rise of the Triad


Tyndall (the original spelling, also Tyndale, "Tindol", Tyndal, Tindoll, Tindall, Tindal, Tindale, Tindle, Tindell, Tindill, and Tindel) is the name of an English family taken from the land they held as tenants in chief of the Kings of England and Scotland in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries: Tynedale, or the valley of the Tyne, in Northumberland. With origins in the ancient Anglo Saxon nobility of Northumbria, the Royal Scottish House of Dunkeld and the Anglo-Norman nobility, they have contributed courtiers, judges, writers, historians, sailors, airmen, scientists and philosophers to the history of England, Ireland and the new world. Two members of the family were offered, and declined, the throne of Bohemia in the 15th century and one of their number, William Tyndale, was the first modern translator of the Bible into English and one of the most important figures in the evolution of the modern language. The family is spread today throughout the British Isles and the English speaking world.

Origins

The first documented Lord of Tyndale, from which the Tyndall family derive their name, was Uchtred or Huctred Fitz Waltheof, who married Bethoc, daughter of Donald III, King of Scots from 1093 to 1099.  His daughter Hextilda married Richard Comyn, and this connection served as the basis for John Comyn II of Badenoch to put forward a claim to the Scottish crown.

Barony of Tindale
The earliest feudal records indicate that an Adam de Tindale was the feudal Baron of South Tyne-dale and of Langeley/Langley Castle, both in the county of Northumberland. Adam was succeeded by his son, Adam, who held the Barony during the reign of Richard I of England. He left two daughters, who became co-heirs to the Tindale Barony and to Langley Castle. The elder, Philippa, married Adam Nicholas de Bolteby and conveyed to her husband the Barony of South Tyne-dale. It passed through inheritance in the female line to the family of Lucy and, later, to the Earls of Northumberland. The Barony of Langley and its associated manor continue to modern times as an originally feudal Prescriptive Barony (not a Peerage), and an extensive series of baronial and manorial records are maintained in the National Archives (UK).

"Tindale" in the Peerage

The Parliamentary Barony, Baron Scott of Tindale in Northumberland, was created in 1663 for the ill-fated Duke of Monmouth, and 1st Duke of Buccleuch, James Scott, the illegitimate son of King Charles II. This title was put under attainder, upon his execution for treason in 1685, but later restored, together with the Earldom of Doncaster in 1743. There is, however, a legend that King James II did not have him executed but exiled to France, where he became known as the Man in the Iron Mask.

Another Barony of Tyndale was created in 1688 as the junior title of the Radclyffe Earl of Derwentwater and in 1716 fell under attainder on his execution for treason for his part in the Jacobite rising of 1715.

From the Middle Ages to the early modern era
The second son of the first Baron Adam de Tindale, Robert, settled at Tansover in Northamptonshire in the time of Edward I. Some of the (later) genealogies and secondary sources for the family from this period are written in English and use 'Tyndale', for the reasons posited above. The more contemporary 'Visitation of Essex' uses 'Tyndall', a spelling used below.

The first that is known of the family after their migration to Northamptonshire was the enlargement of their estates through marriage into the Deane family. The Deanes were, from the earliest generations, intimately connected with the Tyndall family. The elder son of Robert de Tyndall of Talsover married the heiress of that family and inherited the lands of Deane, which remained in the family for many generations.  The Deane arms have been quartered with those of Tyndall ever since and were adopted as the only arms of the Tindal branch of the family from the 17th century (and can be seen, below, under the portrait of Rev Nicolas Tindal).

The Tyndalls at court
Subsequent Tyndalls married well, inheriting the estates of Hockwald in Norfolk and Mapplestead Magna in Essex in marriages with heiresses of the de Montford and Fermor families. Several heads of the family were knighted and many appear to have been prominent at court. A William Tyndall was Lancaster Herald under King Edward IV. Sir William Tyndall of Hockwald and Deane was created Knight Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath on 29 November 1489, on the creation of Prince Arthur as Prince of Wales in the reign of Henry VII. He was a Herald of the King, first as Guisne Pursuivant and later as Rouge Dragon.

His son, Sir Thomas Tyndall, was admitted to the Order of the Bath following the coronation of Queen Anne Boleyn. Through marriage to the Felstead family, he became co-heir to the Barony of Scales, the daughter of the last Baron Scales having died without issue. He shared this distinction with the then Earl of Oxford.

The Tyndall Family and the Throne of Bohemia
When King Richard II married Anne of Bohemia, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, she brought with her cousin, Princess Margaret of Teschen, daughter of Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Teschen in modern Silesia by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Bolesław, Duke of Koźle and Bytom. This lady married Sir Simon Bigod de Felbrigg in Essex, the standard bearer of Richard II and their daughter, Alana, married Sir William Tyndall of Deene.

It has already been related that, through the Felbriggs, the Tyndalls came to be co-heirs to the Barony of Scales with the Earls of Oxford. However, a more regal dignity descended through Margaret of Teschen when the House of Luxemburg died out with the death of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia (1368–1437) and Sir William Tyndall became one of the heirs to the elective throne of Bohemia. John Nichols relates that a delegation of Bohemian boyars were sent to England to offer him the throne but that he refused, the Habsburgs succeeding to a throne they held (with one interruption) until 1918.

There was an oral tradition at the University of Cambridge that Humphrey Tyndall, brother of Sir John Tyndall of Mapplestead and uncle (or great uncle) of the eminent deist Dr Matthew Tindal, was again offered the throne by the Protestant party in Bohemia in 1620. This Humphrey was Dean of Ely and president of Queens' College, Cambridge and vice-chancellor of Cambridge University. Humphrey refused, saying that "he had rather be Queen Elizabeth's subject than a foreign Prince", leading to the ill-fated Frederick V, Elector Palatine (married to Elizabeth, daughter of James I) becoming King for a year – a development that was a principal cause of the thirty years war. However, Humphrey Tyndall died in 1614.

William Tyndale
The most eminent member of the family, William Tyndale (c. 1494 – 1536), was the first translator of the Bible into modern English. His great work was also one of the first vernacular Bibles to be derived from the primary Hebrew and Greek texts. Its effect on the English church was electrifying, leading to thousands of Bibles being smuggled into England; Tyndale's individual contribution to the linguistic development of the modern English language perhaps ranks as second only to that of Shakespeare. Aside from his life work, Tyndale was a prodigious pamphleteer, propounding a Protestant agenda that was significantly more radical than that of his protector, Martin Luther. His radicalism, prodigious output and written battles with Thomas More eventually led to his capture near Antwerp, after which he was burnt at the stake as a heretic. He is regarded as a martyr in the Church of England and his death is commemorated in the Book of Common Prayer.

Born in Gloucestershire, William Tyndale is known to have been the brother of Edward Tyndale of Pull Court, Gloucestershire, receiver to the lands of Lord Berkeley based on the 1533 letter of Bishop Stokesley of London. However, all that can be surmised from data available is that William was related to Richard Tyndale and Tabitha Hitchins of Melksham Court and had brothers John and Edward, the Receiver of Berkley, but most certainly was NOT of the line of Tyndale of Hockwold. (Although Edward Tyndale is recorded in two genealogies as having been the 'brother of Sir William de Tyndall of Deane and Hockwold' but that William died after 1542 so they were in error on the relationship with that William (but suggesting that he was connected to this branch of the family somehow), that myth was broken and the suggestion dismissed in "The Memoirs of the extinct family of Chesters of Chicheley" as well as in The Genealogy of the Family of Tyndale (by B. W. Greenfield, 1843) and The Biography of William Tyndale.)

Ralph Dundas Tindal, a Napoleonic and later Dutch Baron
General  (Deventer, 24 February 1773, – Zeist, 4 August 1834) served in the Netherlands military, and in French service. His father (whose family was of Scottish origin) had emigrated to Holland and had also served in Dutch service. Whilst in French imperial service, Ralph Dundas Tindal was created Baron de Tindal on 12 April 1813 by the French Emperor Napoleon (Bonaparte). Later he joined Dutch forces and became lieutenant-general in the infantry, and on 8 July 1815, King William I of the Netherlands bestowed a knightly order on him, the Willems-Orde. On 16 September 1815 he was raised in the Dutch nobility, again with the title baron.

The Tindal/Tindal-Carill-Worsley family

Derivation
The senior branch of the English Tyndall family, last seated at Mapplestead Magna in the 17th century, died out in the direct male line in the 17th century and in the female line over a hundred years later. The senior English branch is thus the Tindal (now Tindal-Carill-Worsley) family, whose history is related in the 1973 volume of Burke's Landed Gentry. This family derived from Rev John Tindal, rector of Bere Ferris, Devon, in the mid-17th century, said (in the Nichols genealogy) to have been the younger son of Sir John Tyndall of Mapplestead, the brother of Dean Humphrey Tyndall, president of Queens' College, Cambridge.

There is, however, support for the contention that Rev. John was the son of Sir John's elder son Dean. Rev John's migration to Devon (after his studies for Holy Orders) was typical of the many migrations of the Tyndall/Tyndale/Tindal/Tindell family since the late 15th century. The use of 'Tindal' represents a more Latinised usage which was common amongst many literary figures in this era and there is evidence that it was first used by his sons, Matthew (1657–1733), Thomas (1658–1714) and Richard (1659–1697). Matthew had been described as 'Tyndall' when at Oxford University in 1688;  two of his brothers, Thomas and Richard, emigrated to Fenwick's Colony in 1674 and his other brother, John, was the father of Rev Nicolas Tindal (see below). .  Rev John Tindal married Ann Hals, who was descended from the Fortescue and Clifford families and was the first cousin of Thomas, Lord Clifford, Lord High Treasurer of England to Charles II. Through this connection and those of Diana Pocklington, the wife of Capt George Tindal, RN, Lord Chief Justice Tindal (see below) was descended from Lords Chief Justices Sir William Yelverton and Sir John Fortescue and from Sir Roger Manwood, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

Philosopher, historian and judge

Dr Matthew Tindal (1657–1733), a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, where he lived for most of his life, was an important figure in the early English Enlightenment. Born during the Commonwealth to the above-mentioned Rev John Tindal, he appears to have been an opportunist in his youth, turning to Rome under James II. However, he later wrote the foundation of English deist thought, Christianity as Old as the Creation, later known as the "Deist's Bible". This seminal tract, which had enduring influence on German deism in particular, represented that no true religion could rely on any doctrines that could not be divined through human reason. Thus, Christianity, if a true religion, has no need of revelation to support its dogmas and must be as old as the Creation. His writings provoked scandal and his book was burned by the public hangman, in addition to provoking a number of replies.

Dr Tindal's nephew, Rev Nicolas Tindal (1687–1774), was the translator and continuer of the History of England by Paul de Rapin. Very few comprehensive histories existed at the time and Tindal wrote a three volume "Continuation", a history of the Kingdom from the reign of James II to that of George II. Something of a controversialist, he was also known for having been defrauded of his uncle's inheritance by Eustace Brugnell, leading to some lines of Alexander Pope. Rector of two livings, Chaplain of Greenwich Hospital and a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, Tindal was sufficiently prosporous to allow his son, Capt George Tindal RN to settle in Coval Hall, Chelmsford.

Capt George Tindal's grandson, Rev William Tindal (1756–1804), was a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford and chaplain of the Tower of London. An antiquarian, he published a history of Evesham Abbey.

Another of George's grandsons, Sir Nicolas Conyngham Tindal (1776–1846), was Lord Chief Justice from 1829 to 1845. His career first came to public notice when he acted for Queen Caroline in the famous attempt of George IV to divorce her in the House of Lords. Shortly afterwards, he was elected to Parliament, serving as Solicitor General for five years. Whilst Lord Chief Justice, he sat in the famous case of Daniel M'Naghten, who had attempted to assassinate Robert Peel, and derived from the common law the defence of insanity.

Sir Nicolas's second son, Vice Admiral Louis Symonds Tindal (1810–1876), joined the Royal Navy as a boy, in 1825 and had an adventurous, wide-ranging and distinguished career. Promoted lieutenant in 1832, by 1836 he was in the sloop 'Vestal' on the North American station and later the sloop 'Calliope' on the South American station. In 1841 he was in China, where he was present at the Battle of Chuenpi, the storming of Wampea reach and at attacks on Canton. In recognition of his role in these raids, he was promoted commander that year and given command of the sloop 'Pylades', which he brought home from the east in 1843. In 1846 he commanded the brig-sloop 'Grecian' to open the South American station, returning in 1849. He was promoted captain in 1852, rear-admiral in 1868 and vice-admiral in 1874.

Australian Tindals
Sir Nicolas's youngest brother, Charles, a commander in the Royal Navy, became Governor of the Bank of England in the west of England. His son, Charles Grant Tindal (1823–1914) was a successful cattle breeder, meat processor and landowner. Having started his career on explorations of New South Wales, he leased a cattle station before buying the Ramornie station on the Orana River, near Grafton in NSW. In addition to cattle breeding, he was a highly successful breeder of racehorses, both in Australia and England, where he retained his father's property of Fir Grove, Hampshire. At its peak, Charles's meat processing company slaughtered 35,000 beasts a year and was well established on the English market.

Charles's descendants remain in Australia to this day (although several Australian Tyndalls descend from the Irish branch of the family). One, Wing Cdr Archibald Tindal, who was killed during the bombing of Darwin on 19 February 1942, became the first RAAF airman to be killed on the Australian mainland during World War II. After the war, Carson's Airfield, located approximately  south-east from Darwin, was renamed RAAF Base Tindal in his honour.

The modern era

Sir Nicolas ultimately left no descendants in the male line, though a branch of the Bosanquet family are his descendants and Reginald Bosanquet, the broadcaster for ITN, was his great great grandson. Members of the main branch of the English family descend from his brother, Thomas Tindal of Aylesbury, Clerk of the Peace for Buckinghamshire. He married Anne, the daughter of Acton Chaplin, Clerk of the Peace for Buckinghamshire. Chaplin was a great great grandson of Sir Francis Chaplin, Lord Mayor of London in 1677 and the great grandfather of Sir Arthur Havelock, Governor of Sierra Leone and Tasmania. Thomas's son, Acton Tindal, Lord of the Manor of Aylesbury, married Henrietta Euphemia Harrison, an eminent poet and descendant of Francis Turner, one of the seven Bishops to defy James II and his Declaration of Indulgences, Sir Francis Windebank, Secretary of State to Charles I, and Sir Edmund Plowden, the eminent Elizabethan jurist. Acton's son, Nicolas, married Elizabeth Carill-Worsley, heiress of Platt Hall near Manchester and the family adopted the name Tindal-Carill-Worsley. Elizabeth was a descendant of Erasmus Darwin, the 2nd Earl of Portmore, the Lord Monteagle who foiled the Gunpowder Plot and Charles Worsley of Platt, one of Oliver Cromwell's most trusted Major Generals, to whom was entrusted the Mace when Cromwell famously cried 'rid me of that bauble' in expelling the House of Commons in 1652.

The current head of the English family is Charles Tindal of Ballyloughan (he does not use 'Carill-Worsley'), son of Group Captain Nicolas Tindal-Carill-Worsley (1911–2006), a bomber pilot during World War II and one of the organisers of the "Great Escape" from Stalag Luft III. His brother, Anthony, son, Matthew and niece and nephew William and Harriet together run Tindal Wines in England and Ireland.

(See also Darwin–Wedgwood family)

Irish branch and distinguished individuals

Derivation
A branch of the family settled in Ireland in the Middle Ages, and manuscript genealogical records of these exist in Trinity College Dublin. The family originated in Gloucestershire and were closely related to William Tyndale, the Bible translator. Another William Tyndall is mentioned in the 1659 census as living in Duganstowne, Catherlagh (County Carlow), co-owned by him and a Richard Andrewes as tituladoes. Similarly, a John Tyndall came from Gloucestershire to Ireland during the Wars of Rebellion and had a grant of land confirmed to him in 1668. He married Isabelle de Rinzy of County Wexford.

Amongst the landed gentry in Ireland in the 19th century, Tyndalls appeared established with estates and seats at Ballyanne House, and Berkeley Forest, both in New Ross, County Wexford, and Prospect Hall, County Kilkenny, as well as in County Carlow, and Kildevin, County Westmeath, and Dublin City. Samuel Tyndall served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1826 to 1827. E.L. Tyndall was a Knight Grand Cordon, 6th Class, of the Order of the Sacred Treasure of Japan (founded by the Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito) on 8 January 1888)

Prominent Irish Tyndalls

John Tyndall (1820–1893) from Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland, a staunch Protestant Unionist, was a well-known physicist from Ireland, who discovered the Tyndall effect. A relative, another John Tyndall of Newcastle ran a forge, coachmaking and saddlery, in the middle of the 19th century, and his grandson, David P. Tyndall (1890–1970), from Chapelizod, became a prominent Irish businessman in the 20th century, who founded the firm D. Tyndall & Sons, as well as several other companies, and consolidated and modernised the wholesale trade sector, introducing the SPAR chain into Ireland.

John Hutchyns Tyndall (1934–2005) born Exeter, Devon, England, was a British politician who was involved in a number of nationalist movements in post-war Britain, best known for leading the National Front in the 1970s and founding the contemporary British National Party (BNP) in 1982. His paternal family were Protestant Unionists from County Waterford, his ancestors having settled in Ireland in the 16th century. His grandfather had been a district inspector in the Royal Irish Constabulary.

Other lines of the Irish branch of the family have spread to Australia and the USA.

Tyndall-named institutions and places
 England: The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research has locations in the University of East Anglia in Norwich, the University of Manchester, the University of Southampton, the University of Sussex in Brighton, Oxford University, and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. 'Tindal Square' in Chelmsford is named after Sir Nicolas Conyngham Tindal.  'Tindal Hospital', Aylesbury, is named after the family of Thomas and Acton Tindal, Lords of the Manor of Aylesbury. A branch of the Tyndall family settled in Bristol, and created Tyndalls Park in the 18th century; they built Royal Fort House, now part of the campus of the University of Bristol: there is a Tyndall lecture theatre and, nearby, a road named Tyndall Avenue.
 Republic of Ireland: In honour of physicist John Tyndall, the Tyndall National Institute was created in Ireland in 2004 at the initiative of the Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment and University College Cork (UCC) to bring together complementary activities in photonics, electronics and networking research at the National Microelectronics Research Centre (NMRC), several UCC academic departments and Cork Institute of Technology (CIT).
 New Zealand: The Tyndall name has lent itself to an important investment fund management enterprise.
 USA: Tyndall Air Force Base, named for World War I flying ace Lt. Frank B. Tyndall, is located in Bay County, Florida. The small city of Tyndall, South Dakota, named for John Tyndall, is the county seat of Bon Homme County. Tyndall Glacier in Colorado is also named after John Tyndall.
 Australia: Royal Australian Air Force Base Tindal, in the Northern Territory is named after Wing Cmdr Archibald Tindal, the first Australian airman to be killed on the Australian mainland in World War II (see above under Tindal/Tindal-Carill-Worsley family).
 Canada: The town of Tyndall, Manitoba. Tyndall stone is the name of a limestone often used in construction and decoration in Manitoba.
 A crater on Mars is named after John Tyndall.

In The United States

Richard Tindall continued as surveyor-general of Fenwick's Colony following the sale of the Salem Tenth to William Penn in 1682. His brother Thomas Tindall was the first purchaser of land in Hopewell, New Jersey and had many children.

 Tindall, Missouri is named for Union Army colonel Jacob T. Tindall.

First Lieutenant (Air Service) Frank Benjamin Tyndall, United States Army Air Service flew as an ace fighter pilot with 22d Aero Squadron. By direction of the president, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved 9 July 1918 (Bul. No. 43, W.D., 1918), LT. Frank B. Tyndall is cited by the commanding general, American Expeditionary Forces, for gallantry in action and a Silver Star may be placed upon the ribbon of the Victory Medals awarded him. First Lieutenant Tyndall distinguished himself by gallantry in action while serving with the 22d Aero Squadron, American Expeditionary Forces, in action near Conflans, France, 29 October 1918, in pursuing an enemy Fokker far within the enemy's lines and bringing it down. After the war was over he worked with Boeing on loan from the government as a consultant and test pilot. During one of his test flights his plane had a mechanical failure and he had to bail out. As a result, he was the second Airman to successfully survive using a parachute. He died 15 July 1930 after the plane he was flying crashed. Ten years later Tyndall Air Force Base was named in his honour. He was survived by his wife Grace Tyndall and his daughter Mary Tyndall.

Notes

References
Langley Barony Records at the National Archives (UK) (from ADM 74/3/11 of 13 Charles I to QCD/17 of 1954)
Rudder, Samuel (1779) A New History of Gloucestershire
Burke, John (1838, London) A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland
Dictionary of National Biography – entries include William Tyndale, Dr Matthew Tindal, Rev Nicolas Tindal, Sir Nicolas Conyngham Tindal, Henrietta Euphemia (née) Harrison (Mrs Acton Tindal).
Burke's Landed Gentry: 19th century editions: Tyndale of Haling, 'Tindal of Chelmsford' (1863); Tindal-Carill Worsley of Platt (1973)
Burke's Colonial Gentry: Tindal of Ramornie.
John Nichols (printer)Literary Anecdotes (18th century), Vol IX
Bence-Jones, Mark (Constable & Co, 1988) A Guide to Irish Country Houses, pp 19 and 41.
Coller, DW (1861) 'A People's History of Essex'
Lalor, Stephen (Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., 2006) Matthew Tindal, Freethinker: An Eighteenth-century Assault on Religion,
Eve, AS, and Creasey, CH (Macmillan, 1945) Life and Work of John Tyndall
Manuscript genealogies: see MS. vols. F.3.23, F.3.27, F.4.18 in Trinity College Library, Dublin
Haydn, Joseph (Allen, 1894) The Book of Dignities
Fairbairn, James (Jack, London, 1905) Fairbairn's Book of Crests of Families of Great Britain and Ireland
Vicars, Sir Arthur (Dublin, 1897) Prerogative Wills of Ireland (1536–1810) – Index.
Brock, WH, and Mollan, RC (ed) (Royal Dublin Society 1981) John Tyndall – Essays on a Natural Philosopher.
Dublin Almanacks, 1830, 1840, & 1860.
"Genealogy of the family of Tyndale" B.W.Greenfield. (Private 1843)
"Memoirs of the Extinct Family of Chesters of Chicheley"  by Robert Waters in two vols, Published by Robson and Sons 1878

External links
Tyndall National Institute (Ireland)
Tyndall Center for Climatic Change Research (UK)
Tyndall Air Force Base (USA)
[www.tindalwine.com Tindal Wines]
Rev John Tindal's Descendents in America (USA)http://www.tindalltree.com/index.html

Tyndall
Tyndall
Tyndall
Tindal
Tyndall

Tyndall


An Gastrochilus linii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Paul Ormerod. An Gastrochilus linii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gastrochilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gastrochilus

Gastrochilus linii


Nusantara peut désigner :
 Nusantara, le nom sous lequel les Indonésiens désignent leur archipel ;
 Nusantara, une ville nouvelle d'Indonésie destinée à devenir en 2024 la nouvelle capitale du pays.

Nusantara


Beboerhuse i Danmark er en dokumentarfilm fra 1983 instrueret og med manuskript af Henrik Lund og Jesper Birch.

Handling
Dias-serien tager udgangspunkt i forskellige former for fælleshuse i København, Århus og Odense. Alle meget forskellige huse med hver sin styring og økonomi. Gennem interviews med ledere, ansatte, aktivister etc. vises hvordan ledelsesstrukturerne indvirker direkte på aktiviteterne. Paradoksalt nok er det de huse, der koster færrest skattekroner, der fungerer bedst.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1983

Beboerhuse i Danmark


Clase County, puede referirse a unas de las siguientes clases de buques de la Royal Navy, nombrados así normalmente, por tener nombres de los antiguos condados británicos.

Clase Monmouth:  clase de cruceros acorazados también conocidos como clase County.
Clase County: clase de cruceros pesados
Clase County: clase de destructores lanzamisiles

Clase County


La Interestatal 64 (abreviada I-64) es una autopista interestatal ubicada en el estado de Illinois. La autopista inicia en el sur desde la  en el Puente Poplar Street hacia el norte en la  sobre el Río Wabash. La autopista tiene una longitud de 207,6 km (129.0 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras federales, la Interestatal 64 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Illinois por sus siglas en inglés IDOT.

Cruces
La Interestatal 64 es atravesada principalmente por la .

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial  de IDOT
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas interestatales
 Lista de Autopistas por estado

Carreteras interestatales de Illinois

Interestatal 64 (Illinois)