Army Group South () was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.

It was first used in the 1939 September Campaign, along with Army Group North to invade Poland. In the Invasion of Poland Army Group South was led by Gerd von Rundstedt and his chief of staff Erich von Manstein.

Two years later, Army Group South became one of three army groups into which Germany organised their forces for Operation Barbarossa. Army Group South's principal objective was to capture Soviet Ukraine and its capital Kiev.

In September 1944, the Army Group South Ukraine was renamed Army Group South in Eastern Hungary. It fought in Western Hungary until March 1945 and retired to Austria at the end of the Second World War, where it was renamed Army Group Ostmark on 2 April 1945.

Operation Barbarossa

Ukraine was a major center of Soviet industry and mining and had the good farmland required for Hitler's plans for Lebensraum ('living space'). Army Group South was to advance up to the Volga River, engaging a part of the Red Army and thus clearing the way for the Army Group North and the Army Group Center on their approach to Leningrad and Moscow respectively.

To carry out these initial tasks its battle order included the First Panzer Group (Gen. Kleist) and the German Sixth (Gen. Reichenau), Seventeenth (Gen. Stülpnagel) and Eleventh Armies (Gen. Schobert), Luftlotte 1 (Keller) and the Romanian Third and Fourth Armies.

Operation Blue
In preparation for Operation Blue, the 1942 campaign in southern Russia and the Caucasus, Army Group South was split into two army groups:  Army Group A and Army Group B. Army Group A was ordered south to capture the oil fields in the Caucasus.

In February 1943, Army Group Don and the existing Army Group B were combined and re-designated Army Group South. A new Army Group B became a major formation elsewhere. The German Sixth Army, which was destroyed in the Battle of Stalingrad, was re-constituted and later made part of Army Group South in March 1943. On 4 April 1944, Army Group South was re-designated Army Group North Ukraine. Army Group North Ukraine existed from 4 April to 28 September.

In September 1944, Army Group South Ukraine was re-designated Army Group South. At the end of World War II in Europe, Army Group South was again renamed; as Army Group Ostmark, the remnants of Army Group South ended the war fighting in and around Austria and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Army Group Ostmark was one of the last major German military formations to surrender to the Allies.

Order of battle for Army Group South, October 1944

Commanders

See also
 Army Group Centre
 Army Group North

References

1939 establishments in Germany
South
Military units and formations established in 1939

Army Group South


22. breddegrad kan henvise til:

 22. nordlige breddekreds
 22. sydlige breddekreds

22. breddegrad


Željeznička pruga Boynton Bicycle bila je jednotračna pruga u Brooklynu na Long Islandu u saveznoj državi New York. Pruga se sastojala od samo jedne tračnice po kojoj je išao vlak i posebne uzdignute konstrukcije za stabilizaciju koja je nosila drvenu tračnicu vodilicu na koju se kompozicija oslanjala uz pomoć vodoravno suprotstavljenih kotača. Željeznička pruga je prometovala samo dvije godine, ali je ovaj dizajn usvojen i na drugim mjestima.

Povijest
Koncept je izumio Eben Moody Boynton nadajući se da će ovaj dizajn zamijeniti konvencionalnu željezničku prugu jer je bila jeftinija za izgradnju i pružala je mogućnost za dvostruki kolosijek na prostoru dostupnom za jedan kolosijek konvencionalne jednosmjerne pruge.

Prema Scientific American-u od 28. ožujka 1891., parna lokomotiva i vagoni su bili u redovnom i neprekidnom prometu za prijevoz putnika tijekom nekoliko tjedana u ljeto 1890. godine. Usluga prijevoza putnika je uspostavljena između Gravesenda i otoka Coney na području Brooklyna, na napuštenom dijelu starog standardnog kolosijeka pruge Sea Beach-Brighton. Prva lokomotiva težila je devet tona, imala je dva cilindra od 25 puta 28 centimetara, pri čemu su klipnjače oba spojene polugama s pogonskim kotačem promjera 1.82 metra, dok je prednji dio lokomotive stajao na dva kotača promjera 0.96 metra, jedan iza drugog. Ovi su kotači imali dvostruke prirubnice za dodir s obje strane tračnice kolosijeka, kao i parovi kotača vagona istog promjera smješteni ispod poda pri kraju svakog putničkog vagona.

Teža lokomotiva je posebno dizajnirana za ovu metodu vuče i izgrađena za uličnu željeznicu. Težila je 16 tona i imala je par pogonskih kotača promjera 1.524 metra. Radilica je bila dugačka samo sedamnaest centimetara, a motor je konstruiran za radnih 600 okretaja u minuti i brzinu od 160 kilometara na sat s punim putničkim vagonima.

Tračnica vodilica je bila na 4 i pol metra visine, u ravnini s tračnicom na tlu, pričvršćena na stupove s obje strane pruge, te je služila da se na nju oslanjaju horizontalno postavljeni parovi gumenih kotača pričvršćeni na gornjoj strani kompozicije.  Tračnica vodilica je bila jednostavna greda od crnogorice, presjeka 10 puta 20 centimetara, a nosači kotača za stabilizaciju su posatvljeni tako da su omogućavali 5 centimetara lateralnog plesanja, bočnog kretanja prema i od vodilice, s tim da je prema dizajnu vodilica trabala biti izravno iznad centra mase lokomotive i vagona.

Raspored skretnica je bio nevjerojatno jednostavan. Uz običnu kolosječnu skretnicu, kod koje je sklopka napravljena da prebaci samo jednu tračnicu, uspostavljena je veza pomoću vertikalne šipke s vodilicom, pri čemu se pomicanjem tračnice kolosijeka i podešavanjem signala, istodobno pomiče vodilica, pri čemu se vrši podešavanje i oba se blokiraju u skladu s uobičajenim postupcima na konvencionalnim željezničkim prugama.

Putnički vagoni su bili na dvije razine, svaki vagon je po dužini podjeljen na 9 kupea u koji se moglo udobno smjestiti četvero putnika, osiguravajući tako mjesta za 72 putnika u svakom vagonu. Svaki je kupe imao svoja klizna vrata, a sva vrata na istom katu vagona su bila spojena šipkama na vrhu i dnu spojene na polugu na dohvatu ruke kočničara, što mu je omogućavalo istovremeno otvaranje i zatvaranje vrata. Kupei su bili široki 1.2 metra i dugi 1.65 metra, a sjedala okrenuta jedno prema drugome. Korištena je samo jedna tračnica starog kolosijeka, te je podignuta samo jedna vodilica, osim na krajevima pruge za potrebe skretnica. Širina lokomotive i vagona je bila takva da je predviđala redovitu dvosmjernu prugu po Boyntonovu obrascu uz postavljanje vodilice za korištenje druge tračnice stare pruge.

Dio pruge na kojem je funkcionirao ovaj sustav bio je dugačak samo 3.2 kilometra sa značajnim krivinama, ali premda su uglavnom bile u jednom smjeru, pokazatelji trošenja vučnih kotača, vodilice i kotača vagona su bili jedva primjetljivi. Tijekom dijela sezone, kada je ljetno putovanje na otok Coney bilo na vrhuncu, vlakovi su vozili u redovito vrijeme, 50 vlakova s tri vagona u oba smjera, prevozeći od 1 do 300 putnika po putovanju.

Dizajni lokomotiva
Napravljena su najmanje četiri različita dizajna lokomotiva za željezničku prugu Boynton Bicycle, ali nije poznato koliko ih je zapravo proizvedeno.

Teretna lokomotiva nalikuje Double Fairlie.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Robert Koplowicz: Željeznička pruga Boynton Bicycle
Željezničke pruge
Infrastruktura kopnenog prometa u SAD-u
Željeznička vozila

Pruga Boynton Bicycle


Star Trek. Dincolo de infinit! sau Star Trek: Dincolo de limită (engleză: Star Trek Beyond) este un film SF de acțiune din seria de filme artistice Star Trek. Este regizat de Justin Lin. În rolurile principale joacă actorii Zoe Saldana, Zachary Quinto, Simon Pegg, Karl Urban, Idris Elba și Chris Pine. Premiera a avut loc la 7 iulie 2016 la Sydney; în România la 22 iulie 2016.

Prezentare

Evenimentele din acest film au loc la 3 ani de la începerea misiunii de cinci ani. Căpitanul James Kirk vizitează o planetă ca ambasador pentru a încheia un tratat de pace cu o civilizație inamică Federației.

Echipajul navei spațiale "Enterprise", aflat sub comanda căpitanului James T. Kirk, a fost atacat de un val puternic și periculos de extratereștri care sunt conduși de Kroll (Idris Elba). Aceștia  distrug nava lăsându-i fără nimic pe o planetă neexplorată unde vor intra în conflict cu un nou inamic și mai nemilos. Vor primi ajutor însă de la un aliat neașteptat.

Distribuție

 Chris Pine - Căpitanul USS Enterprise James T. Kirk
 Zachary Quinto - Spock
 Zoe Saldana - Lt. Nyota Uhura
 Karl Urban -   Dr. Leonard McCoy
 Simon Pegg -  Montgomery Scott
 John Cho - Lt. Hikaru Sulu
 Anton Yelchin -  Pavel Chekov
 Idris Elba - Krall, un comandant militar extraterestru nemilos
 Sofia Boutella -  Jaylah
 Shohreh Aghdashloo - High Command of the Federation
 Deep Roy - Keenser
 Harpreet Sandhu - Bridge Crew
 Ashley Edner - Natalia
 Jason Matthew Smith -  Hendorff
 Bryce Soderberg - Satine
 Joe Taslim
 Lydia Wilson
 Danny Pudi
 Kim Kold
 Shohreh Aghdashloo - Commodore Paris, ofițerul la comandă al bazei Yorktown
 Ashley Edner - Natalia
 Jason Matthew Smith - Hendorff
 Bryce Soderberg - Satine
 Shea Whigham - Teenaxi Leader
 Idris Elba - Balthazar Edison, căpitanul USS Franklin

Leonard Nimoy apare într-o imagine cameo ca Spock Prime, în același timp, de asemenea, alături de George Takei, Walter Koenig, William Shatner, James Doohan, DeForest Kelley și Nichelle Nichols ca Sulu, Chekov, Kirk, Scott, McCoy și Uhura, respectiv, într-o imagine cameo.

Încasări
A debutat în box office-ul american cu încasări de 59,6 de milioane de dolari, cu încasări relativ mici față de ultimele două producții: Star Trek În întuneric 3D, în 2013 (70,2 milioane de dolari) și Star Trek, în 2009 (75,2 milioane de dolari). Bugetul filmului este de 185 de milioane de dolari.

Continuare
Paramount a anunțat înainte de lansarea acestui film că există în lucru o continuare pentru franciză.

Primire
Dave Robinson a afirmat că pelicula "eșuează să treacă dincolo de limitele originale" și pare să fie "doar un alt film SF de tip popcorn într-o piața și-așa aglomerată". Criticul Mark Pesce a dezvăluit că noul "Star Trek" l-a dezamăgit, reușind "să fie atât de neînțeles, cât și de nevăzut" pentru că "a pierdut din vedere unica lecție pe care franciza o predă de jumătate de secol, lupta este în noi, pentru înțelegere, nu împotriva cuiva imaginar".

Diverse
Actorul Anton Yelchin, cunoscut pentru rolul lui Pavel Chekov, a murit după ce a fost călcat de propriul său autoturism, parcat necorespunzător, care l-a strivit de un gard.

Personajul Hikaru Sulu, interpretat acum de John Cho, s-a dovedit a fi homosexual, conform scenaristului Simon Pegg.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2016 în film

Filme din 2016
Filme americane
Star Trek
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de Justin Lin
Filme SF din anii 2010
Filme de acțiune
Filme Skydance Media
Filme Bad Robot Productions
Filme Paramount Pictures
Filme IMAX
Filme cu acțiunea în viitor
Filme cu nave spațiale
Filme de aventură în spațiul cosmic
Filme cu extratereștri

Star Trek. Dincolo de infinit!


කොටහේන (කොළඹ 13) යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ, කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය තුල පිහිටි උප නගරයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ ජනාකීර්ණ ප්‍රදේශ
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන

කොටහේන


Charles John Mahoney (June 20, 1940 – February 4, 2018) was an English-American actor. From 1993 to 2004, Mahoney played the retired police officer Martin Crane on the NBC sitcom Frasier, and won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series for the role. He is also known for his roles on stage and screen.

Mahoney started his career in Chicago as a member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company alongside John Malkovich, Gary Sinise, and Laurie Metcalf. He received the Clarence Derwent Award as Most Promising Male Newcomer in 1986. Later that year, his performance in the Broadway revival of John Guare's The House of Blue Leaves earned him a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play.

Mahoney gained attention for his role in John Patrick Shanley's romantic comedy Moonstruck (1987). His other film roles include in Tin Men (1987), Eight Men Out (1988), Say Anything... (1989), Barton Fink (1991), The Hudsucker Proxy (1994), In the Line of Fire (1993), and The American President (1995). He also voiced roles in Antz (1998), The Iron Giant (1999), Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001), and Kronk's New Groove (2005). In television, Mahoney also made appearances on Cheers, 3rd Rock from the Sun, ER, In Treatment, Hot in Cleveland, and Foyle's War.

Early life and education
Charles John Mahoney was born in Blackpool, England on June 20, 1940, the seventh of eight children. His father, Reg, was a baker who played classical piano, and his mother, Margaret (née Watson), was a housewife who loved reading. His paternal grandfather was Irish. The family had been evacuated to Blackpool from their home city of Manchester when it was heavily bombed during the Second World War. Mahoney started school at St Joseph's College. After the war, the family moved back to Manchester, where Mahoney grew up in the suburb of Withington and discovered acting at the Stretford Children's Theatre. His parents' marriage was not happy. They would not speak to each other for long periods of time—and when they did, it often led to heated arguments. The family situation, combined with the war, fueled Mahoney's interest in acting and he vowed to leave Manchester.

Mahoney moved to the United States aged 18 in 1959 when his older sister Vera (a war bride living in rural Illinois, where he had visited in 1951) agreed to sponsor him. He studied at Quincy University before joining the United States Army. After graduating from Quincy, he lived in Macomb, Illinois, and earned his Master's degree in English from Western Illinois University, where he went on to teach English in the late 1960s before settling in Forest Park, Illinois, and later in Oak Park, Illinois. He became a U.S. citizen in 1971 and served as an associate editor of the Quality Review Bulletin medical journal through much of the late 1970s.

Mahoney made a concerted effort to lose his English accent after joining the U.S. Army, later stating that he felt that he did not want to "stand out" in his new adopted country. He spoke with an American accent for the rest of his life.

Career

1977–1992: Rise to prominence
Dissatisfied with his career, Mahoney took acting classes at St. Nicholas Theatre, which inspired him to resign from his day job and pursue acting full-time. After a stage production in Chicago in 1977, John Malkovich encouraged him to join the Steppenwolf Theatre. He did so and went on to win the Clarence Derwent Award as Most Promising Male Newcomer in 1986. Gary Sinise said in an interview for Bomb Magazine that Lyle Kessler's play Orphans in 1985 "kicked John Mahoney, Kevin Anderson and Terry Kinney off into the movie business" after their Steppenwolf performance of the play for which he won the Derwent Award and the Theatre World Award. Mahoney won Broadway's Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play in 1986 for his performance in John Guare's The House of Blue Leaves.

Mahoney's first major film roles both came in 1987, in Barry Levinson's Tin Men and in Peter Yates' Suspect, a courtroom drama/mystery starring Cher, Dennis Quaid, and Liam Neeson. In the next decade, he had prominent roles in many acclaimed films including the John Patrick Shanley romantic comedy film Moonstruck (1987) starring Nicolas Cage and Cher. In 1988, Mahoney portrayed Kid Gleason in the sports drama Eight Men Out, and the following year portrayed the protective father in the Cameron Crowe teen coming of age film Say Anything... (1989). He portrayed Secret Service Director Sam Campagna in the Clint Eastwood directed drama In the Line of Fire (1993), Grant Gubler in Ben Stiller's romance film Reality Bites (1994), Newspaper editor Leo Solomon in Rob Reiner's political romance film The American President (1995) and John Shaughnessy in the legal mystery thriller Primal Fear (1996).. He also is known for his collaboration with the Coen brothers in films such as the period black comedy Barton Fink and the screwball comedy The Hudsucker Proxy. Mahoney also played a pivotal gay role in Greg Berlanti's 2000 GLAAD Award-winning film The Broken Hearts Club: A Romantic Comedy.

1993–2004: Breakthrough in Frasier

Mahoney appeared in Frasier from its debut in 1993 until the final episode in 2004; Mahoney received two Emmy nominations and two Golden Globe nominations for the role of Martin Crane, the father of Frasier Crane and Niles Crane. NBC executives held Mahoney in such high esteem that Warren Littlefield declared he was pre-approved when the Frasier creative team suggested casting him as the father. Before appearing on the series, Mahoney had appeared in the episode "Do Not Forsake Me, O' My Postman" of Cheers – from which Frasier was a spinoff – as Sy Flembeck, an inept jingle writer who has a brief conversation with Frasier. Mahoney also appeared as a priest in Becker, which starred Cheers star Ted Danson.

Mahoney's first voice job was in W. B. Yeats's "The Words upon the Window-Pane" for the award-winning National Radio Theater of Chicago. He provided the voices for several characters in Antz (1998), Preston Whitmore in Atlantis: The Lost Empire and Atlantis: Milo's Return, General Rogard in The Iron Giant (1999), and Papi in Kronk's New Groove (but was succeeded by Jeff Bennett in The Emperor's New School for an unknown reason). In 2007, Mahoney provided the voice of Dr. Robert Terwilliger, Sr. (Sideshow Bob's father) in The Simpsons episode "Funeral for a Fiend". This reunited him with his Frasier co-stars Kelsey Grammer (Sideshow Bob) and David Hyde Pierce (Cecil, Sideshow Bob's brother).

2005–2018: Post Frasier
Mahoney co-starred as the Old Man in the Broadway revival of Prelude to a Kiss at the American Airlines Theater in a limited-run engagement running from previews on February 17, 2007, through to April 29, 2007. He appeared as an elderly drag queen in the ER season 13 episode "Somebody to Love," and co-starred with Steve Carell (himself a veteran of Chicago theater) as the father of Carell's character in Dan in Real Life. In March 2008, he opened in the world premiere of Better Late at the Northlight Theatre. He was also the narrator for Midwest Airlines commercials. Mahoney also made two appearances on USA's Burn Notice in the second (2009) and third (2010) season finales. His character, referred to only as "Management," is a senior intelligence agency official who is the apparent main mover of the conspiracy which blacklisted Michael Westen.

Mahoney joined the cast of In Treatment for the series' second season (2009) as a frenetic CEO who is overwhelmed by his personal and professional responsibilities and experiences chronic physical anxiety attacks. In 2010, he made a guest appearance on $#*! My Dad Says as homophobic retired naval officer Lt. Commander Wally Durham.

Beginning in April 2011, Mahoney began rehearsing The Outgoing Tide, a new play by Bruce Graham at Northlight Theatre in Skokie, Illinois (suburban Chicago). The play also stars fellow Chicago actors Rondi Reed and Thom Cox. In 2011, he had two guest appearances on Hot in Cleveland as Roy, a waiter and a love interest for Betty White's character Elka. This reunited him with his Frasier co-star Jane Leeves, as well as Wendie Malick whose character he eventually married in Frasier and his co-star in the movie The American President. Mahoney was a featured ensemble cast member in The Birthday Party, playing in Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre from January 24 to April 28, 2013. His last role was in the play The Rembrandt, from September to November 2017.

Despite the numerous successes throughout his career, Mahoney maintained that his early work in the play Orphans has "affected people more than any other play I've ever done. I still get mail from it, I still get people stopping me on the street, and it's 20 years later."

Personal life
Mahoney lived in Oak Park, Illinois, and suffered from colon cancer in the mid-1980s. He was successfully treated for cancer again in 2014, and credited his love of acting and desire to continue it for giving him enough determination to survive both bouts, saying in October 2017: "I refused to yield to it because I love what I'm doing so much."

Mahoney rarely spoke publicly about his private life, and he died without marrying or having any children. In 2002, he said, "I was never very mature in my relationships with women. First sign of conflict, I was gone. Wouldn't discuss it, because I was afraid it would lead to an argument." This stemmed from a fear of having an unhappy marriage like the one his parents had, though Mahoney did previously have "several long-term relationships".

He was a Catholic who called Christianity "probably the most important facet of my life": before each of his performances, he would pray "Most glorious blessed spirit, I thank you for all the gifts and talents that you've given me. Please help me to use all these gifts and talents to their fullest. And please accept this performance as a prayer of praise and thanks to you". Mahoney would also say prayers upon waking up and before going to sleep daily, and would repeatedly pray "Dear God, please help me to treat everybody – including myself – with love, respect, and dignity."

Death
Mahoney died in a Chicago hospice on February 4, 2018, due to complications from throat cancer, originally diagnosed in 2014. He was 77 years old. According to his friend Anna D. Shapiro, "He was fragile and he was supposed to be having a routine procedure. But having just beat Stage 3 throat cancer, I think he was just too weak... by the time he did The Rembrandt [a play at Steppenwolf Theatre] he was clean of cancer... but other health issues came up and he was just too fragile."

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Accolades

References

External links

 NBC biography: John Mahoney
 Centerstage.net: John Mahoney
 Q&A: John Mahoney at Broadway.com

1940 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Actors from Oak Park, Illinois
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
English male film actors
English male voice actors
American Roman Catholics
Clarence Derwent Award winners
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Deaths from throat cancer
English emigrants to the United States
English people of Irish descent
Male actors from Manchester
Male actors from Lancashire
Male actors from Chicago
Medical journal editors
Actors from Blackpool
People from Withington
Quincy University alumni
Steppenwolf Theatre Company players
Tony Award winners
United States Army soldiers
Western Illinois University faculty

John Mahoney


Boulengeromyrus knoepffleri es una especie monotípica de pez elefante en la familia Mormyridae. Es endémico del bajo Guinea, restringiéndose a los ríos Ivindo y Ntem, ambos presentes en Gabon y Camerún respectivamente. Puede alcanzar un tamaño aproximado de 413 mm.

Respecto al estado de conservación, se puede indicar que de acuerdo a la IUCN, esta especie puede catalogarse en la categoría de «menos preocupante (LC o LR/lc)».

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Osteoglossiformes
Mormyridae
Peces de la vertiente atlántica africana

Boulengeromyrus knoepffleri


فامفاكوبولون (Βαμβακόπουλον) هي مدينة في خانيا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1734 نسمة.

المراجع

مدن اليونان

فامفاكوبولون (هانيا)


Dimineața cuvintelor este un film românesc din 1979 regizat de Luiza Ciolac.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1979 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1979

Dimineața cuvintelor


Takashi Uchino (født 15. februar 1988) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub AC Nagano Parceiro.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Takashi Uchino


Det guddommelige er en kortfilm fra 1999 instrueret af Morten Hartz Kaplers efter eget manuskript.

Handling
En familie modtager en åbenbaring, men åbenbaringens åsyn svarer ikke til familiens fordomsfulde forestilling om det guddommelige.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1999

Det guddommelige


Esta é uma lista de denominações protestantes em Portugal por número de membros.

Os números apresentados baseiam-se em reivindicações pelas próprias denominações, de pesquisas de organizações independentes e dos Censos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal).

Para efeito dessa lista, consideram-se denominação uma organização com governo centralizado ou convenção que torna uniforme as doutrinas e práticas de um grupo religioso. Embora existam grupos que usem o mesmo nome para identificar-se (como as Assembleias de Deus no Brasil) a independência entre diversas organizações caracteriza a diversidade de denominações. Igrejas de governo congregacional enfatizam a independência da igreja local, mas ainda assim formam denominações pelas suas convenções.

Uma denominação cristã é um corpo religioso distinto no cristianismo , identificado por traços como nome, organização, liderança e doutrina. Os corpos individuais, no entanto, podem usar termos alternativos para se descrever. As divisões entre um grupo e outro são definidas por autoridade e doutrina.

Os grupos que conservam uma doutrina uniforme, usam o mesmo nome, mas não formam uma única denominações podem ser classificados juntos como "tradição" ou família denominacional, com lista abaixo.

Membros por denominação
Convenção das Assembleias de Deus em Portugal  35.000 membros (em 2010)
Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia 11.054 membros (em 2022).
Igreja Lusitana Católica Apostólica Evangélica 5.000 membros (em 1991)
Convenção Batista Portuguesa 4.800 membros (em 2019)
Assembleias dos Irmãos 2500 membros (em 2022)
Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana de Portugal 1.350 membros (em 2004)
Igreja Evangélica Metodista Portuguesa 1.560 (em 2011)
Igreja do Nazareno 1.010 membros (em 2016)
União das Igrejas Evangélicas Congregacionais Portuguesas 300 membros (em 2004)
Igreja Cristã Presbiteriana de Portugal 250 membros (em 2021)
Igreja Evangélica Luterana Portuguesa 95 membros (em 2010)

Veja também
Lista de denominações protestantes no Brasil por número de membros
Lista de denominações protestantes no México por número de membros
Lista de denominações protestantes nos EUA por número de membros
Lista de denominações protestantes na Coreia do Sul por número de membros

Listas de denominações protestantes por país por número de membros

Lista de denominações protestantes em Portugal por número de membros


ابن قنفذ القسنطيني هو مؤرخ وفقيه وفلكي ورياضياتي وقاضي ومفتي ومحدث جزائري.

نسبه، عائلته
أبو العباس أحمد بن حسن بن علي بن حسن بن علي بن ميمون بن قنفذ القسنطيني، الشهير بابن الخطيب وبابن قنفذ.

كان جده لأبيه علي بن ميمون القسنطيني (ت 733 / م) إمام و خطيب مسجد قسنطينة مدة خمسين سنة،

كان والده حسن بن علي ابن قنفذ عالما جماعا للكتب. توفي تاركا ابنه في العاشرة من عمره. فكفله جده لأمه يوسف بن يعقوب الملاري الذي كان رجلا عالما صالحا.

الميلاد، الوفاة
ولد في حدود سنة 740 هـ بمدينة قسنطينة.

الدراسة بقسنطينة
 يوسف بن يعقوب الملاري (ت 764 / م)
جده لأمه، تولى رعايته بعد وفاة . أكمل على يديه حفظ القرآن الكريم، و تلقى عليه مبادئ العربية من نحو وصرف.
 حسن بن خلف الله ابن باديس (ت 784 / م)
 الحسن بن أبي القاسم ابن باديس (ت 787 / م)

الدراسة بتلمسان
انتقل إلى مدينة تلمسان فأخذ عن شيوخها الأجلاء الكثير من العلوم من تفسير و حديث و فقه، ...
 الإمام أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد بن علي الشريف الحسني التلمساني (ت 771 / 1370 م)
 الإمام أبو عبد الله محمد ابن مرزوق التلمساني الخطيب المعروف بالجد (ت 781 / م)
يقول عنه ابن قنفذ في وفياته: "كان له طريق واضح في الحديث، ولقي أعلاماً من الناس وأسمعنا حديث البخاري وغيره في مجالس مختلفة، ولمجلسه جمال ولين معاملة"

الدراسة بالمغرب الأقصى
سافر بعد ذلك إلى المغرب الأقصى ليستقر به مدة ثمانية عشر سنة (759 ـ 777 / ـ م) جال في مدنه كفاس، مكناس، سبتة و سلا و غيرها. و تتلمذ على كبار علمائه، منهم:

 الشيخ أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن سليمان اللجائي (ت 771 / م)
تلميذ ابن البنا المراكشي. أخذ عنه ابن قنفذ العلوم الفلكية.

 أبو محمد عبد الله الوانغيلي (ت 779 / م)
قرأ عليه مختصر ابن الحاجب في الأصول، و الجمل في المنطق، و حضر تدريسه في المدونة.

 أبو عمران موسى ابن معطي العبدوسي (ت 776 / م)
لازمه في درسي المدونة و الرسالة بمدينة فاس مدة ثمان سنين.

 أبو القاسم محمد بن أحمد الشريف الغرناطي (ت 771 / م)
كتب له إجازة عامة بعد مجالسته.

 لسان الدين ابن الخطيب (ت 771 / م)
سمع عليه جملة من مؤلفاته بقراءته هو [أي ابن الخطيب] في مجالس مختلفة.

 أبو العباس أحمد القباب (ت 779 / م)
لازم درسه بمدينة فاس في الحديث والفقه والأصلين.

 أبو عبد الله محمد بن حياتي (ت 781 / م)
أخذ عنه القراءات و النحو بمدينة فاس.

 أبو العباس أحمد بن الشماع المراكشي (ت / م)
أخذ عنه الجزولية في النحو و علم المنطق.

الدراسة في تونس
بعد عموم الوباء بالمغرب الأقصى رجع إلى موطنه قسنطينة سنة 777 / م. لكنه سافر بعدها مباشرة إلى تونس التي لم يبق بها طويلا، فأخذ عن علمائها، منهم:

 أبو الحسن محمد بن أحمد البطرني (ت 780 / )
 أبو عبد الله محمد ابن عرفة التونسي (ت 783 / )
له مختصر شهير في الفقه، قرأ عليه بعضه وأجازه به سنة 777 / م بدويرة جامع الزيتونة.

عودته إلى الجزائر و توليه القضاء
رجع بعده ليستقر في حتى وفاته بها سنة 810 / م ليتولى بها الإمامة و الخطابة في مسجدها الجامع. ثم عين في وظيفة القضاء - بإلحاح الأمير أبو الحسن عليه،

آثاره و مؤلفاته
 حط النقاب عن وجوه أعمال الحساب في علم الحساب. (مخطوطة من مكتبة جامعة بنسلفانيا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية)
 شرف الطالب في أسنى المطالب
وهو شرح على القصيدة الغزلية في ألقاب الحديث لابن فرح الإشبيلي.

 أنوار السعادة في أصول العبادة
شرح لحديث بني الإسلام على خمس.

 وسيلة الإسلام بالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم
نشر بتحقيق الأستاذ سليمان الصيد.

 علامات النجاح في مبادئ الاصطلاح
في مصطلح الحديث.

 تيسير المطالب في تعديل الكواكب
في علم الفلك.

 الفارسية في مبادئ الدولة الحفصية
في تاريخ الدولة الحفصية.

 أنس الفقير وعز الحقير
في ترجمة الشيخ سيدي أبي مدين و أصحابه، طبع عام 1965 م.

 شرح منظومة ابن أبي الرجال
في أحكام النجوم.

 أنس الحبيب عن عجز الطبيب.
 القنفذية في إبطال الدلالة الفلكية
 تحفة الوارد في اختصاص الشرف من قبل الوالد.
 بغية الفارض من الحساب والفرائض.
 سراج الثقات في علم الاوقات.
 شرح الرسالة
في الفقه على مذهب إمام الأئمة مالك بن أنس .

 شرح الخونجي.
 شرح أصلي ابن الحاجب.
 شرح تلخيص ابن البنَا.
 شرح ألفية ابن مالك.
 الوفيات
ذيل به كتابه شرف الطالب في أسنى المطالب.

المصادر و المراجع
 نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب – أبو العباس المقري.
 فهرس الفهارس - عبد الحي الكتاني.
 معجم المؤلفين - عمر كحالة.
 إيضاح المكنون - إسماعيل باشا البغدادي.
 خلاصة الأثر في أعيان القرن الحادي عشر – المحبي.
 الأعلام - خير الدين الزركلي
 البستان في ذكر الأولياء والعلماء بتلمسان - ابن مريم أبو عبد الله محمد.
 تعريف الخلف برجال السلف – الحفناوي.
 جواهر الكمال في تراجم الرجال - محمد الكانوني.

مواضيع ذات صلة
 قائمة أعلام الجزائريين
 المرجعية الدينية الجزائرية

أشاعرة
أشخاص من تلمسان
علماء الدراسات الإسلامية
علماء دين سنة جزائريون
علماء دين مسلمون
مسلمون جزائريون
مؤرخون عرب

ابن قنفذ القسنطيني


O Campeonato Ucraniano de Futebol - Segunda Divisão (em ucraniano, "Перша ліга", Ukrayinska Persha liha;  ) é uma liga profissional de futebol da Ucrânia e o segundo nível da pirâmide das competições nacionais de futebol. Membros da liga também participam da Copa da Ucrânia.

História
A liga foi criada pela recém-reorganizada Federação de Futebol da Ucrânia (uma sucessora da Federação de Futebol da SSR da Ucrânia) com a desintegração da União Soviética como uma segunda camada, inferior à Liga Superior da Ucrânia (Vyshcha Liha) e superior à Transição Ucraniana Liga (Perekhidna Liha).

A primeira rodada de jogos desta liga foi em 14 de março de 1992. A própria liga foi organizada poucos meses antes e consistia principalmente de todos os clubes ucranianos que anteriormente competiam em um dos grupos do Segundo Baixo Soviético Liga (4ª camada, ver competições ucranianas soviéticas). À liga também foram adicionados alguns times de reserva da Top League soviética da competição de times de reserva da Top League soviética e os três melhores jogadores do campeonato ucraniano de futebol entre os amadores, KFK (clubes de fitness).

O Persha Liha (Primeira Liga) é inferior à Vyshcha Liha (primeira divisão) (atualmente conhecido como Premier League Ucraniana) e é a segunda divisão do sistema de liga profissional de futebol ucraniano.

A Primeira Liga foi incorporada à organização do PFL que reunia todas as ligas de futebol de clubes não amadores (Top, Primeira e Segunda). Em 26 de maio de 1996, realizou-se a Conferência Constituinte dos Clubes Não Amadores, que criou a Liga Profissional e confirmou o seu estatuto, bem como a sua administração. A maioria dos clubes que já haviam participado das competições da liga de futebol ucraniana foram reorganizados como profissionais, um processo que na verdade começou no final dos anos 1980. Em 17 de julho, a liga profissional assinou um acordo com várias outras organizações nacionais de futebol para organizar competições entre os clubes profissionais (seus membros). De acordo com o jornal Halychyna (Ivano-Frankivsk), o orçamento anual dos clubes da liga variou entre 6 milhões a 30 milhões de hryvnias em 2010.

A Liga tornou-se oficialmente a primeira liga da Liga de Futebol Profissional (PFL) a partir de 15 de abril de 2008, quando a Premier League ucraniana se reorganizou em uma entidade autônoma, se tornando o primeiro nível nacional. Normalmente, as duas primeiras equipes da Primeira Liga são promovidas para a Premier League, enquanto as duas equipes mais baixas da Premier League são rebaixadas para a Primeira Liga. Uma vez que cada clube só pode ser representado com um único time por cada liga, a promoção do segundo time muitas vezes é anulada, permitindo assim a promoção do terceiro colocado durante uma temporada. Uma das segundas equipas de maior sucesso é o Dynamo Kyiv (FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv).

Campeões
As equipes promovidas estão marcadas em  'negrito' .

Número de títulos por clube

Ver também
 Liga dos Campeões da UEFA
 Liga Europa da UEFA
 Liga Conferência Europa da UEFA
 Supercopa da UEFA
 Copa da Ucrânia

Segunda Divisão


Poisoned candy myths are urban legends about malevolent strangers intentionally hiding poisons, drugs, or sharp objects such as razor blades in candy, which they then distribute with the intent of harming random children, especially during Halloween trick-or-treating.  These myths, originating in the United States, serve as modern cautionary tales to children and parents and repeat two themes that are common in urban legends:  danger to children and contamination of food.

No cases of strangers killing or permanently injuring children this way have been proven. Commonly, the story appears in the media when a young child dies suddenly after Halloween.  Medical investigations into the actual cause of death have always shown that these children did not die from eating candy given to them by strangers.  However, in rare cases, adult family members have spread this story to cover up filicide or accidental deaths.  In other incidents, a child who has been told about poisoned candy places a dangerous object or substance in a pile of candy and pretends that it was the work of a stranger.  This behavior is called the copycat effect.  Folklorists, scholars, and law enforcement experts say that the story that strangers put poison into candy and give that candy to trick-or-treating children has been "thoroughly debunked".

Worries that candy from strangers might be poisoned have led to the rise of alternative events to trick-or-treating, such as events held at Christian churches, police and fire stations, community centers, and retail stores.  The primary risk to children's health and safety on Halloween is being killed by a car.

History
Claims that candy was poisoned or adulterated gained general credence during the Industrial Revolution, when food production moved out of the home or local area, where it was made in familiar ways by known and trusted people, to strangers using unknown ingredients and unfamiliar machines and processes.  Some doctors publicly claimed that they were treating children poisoned by candy every day.  If a child became ill and had eaten candy, the candy was widely assumed to be the cause.  However, no cases of illness or death were ever substantiated.

In the 1890s and 1900s, the US Bureau of Chemistry, in conjunction with state agencies, tested hundreds of kinds of candy and found no evidence of poisons or adulteration.  These tests revealed that inexpensive glucose (from corn syrup) was in common use for cheap candies, that some candies contained trace amounts of copper from uncoated copper cooking pans, and that coal tar dyes were being used for coloring, but there was no evidence of the many types of poison, industrial waste, garbage, or other adulterants alleged to be present.  Eventually, the claims that children were being sickened by candy were put down to indigestion due to overeating, or to other causes, including food poisoning due to improper cooking, hygiene, or storage of meat and other foods.

Social causes
The prevalence and persistence of these myths during the 1960s and 1970s, a time of social upheaval, greater racial integration, and improved status for women, reflected societal questions about who was trustworthy.  Because society was struggling with questions about whether to trust neighbors in newly integrated neighborhoods, or young women who were publicly rejecting the subservient, motherhood-focused roles previously assigned to women, these stories about unidentifiable neighbors allegedly harming random, innocent children during an event intended to bring happiness to these children caught and retained the public imagination in a way that accurate stories about a judgmental neighbor, an abusive parent, or an adult carelessly leaving harmful chemicals where children can reach them, would not have. An academic view sees this as an example of a rumor panic, with Halloween developing as a carnival-like folk institution – meant to release social tensions – losing its functionality as neighborhoods themselves break down (for various reasons).

Effects

Due to their fears, parents and communities restricted trick-or-treating and developed alternative "safe" events, such as trunk-or-treat events held at Christian churches.  This collective fear also served as the impetus for the "safe" trick-or-treating offered by many local malls.

This story also promoted the sale of individually wrapped, brand-name candies and discouraged people from giving homemade treats to children.

The myth may also distract parents from the primary safety risk on Halloween, which is children being killed by cars.  In the US, young children ages 4 to 8 are ten times as likely to be killed by a car on Halloween than on any other day of the year.  Children of all ages (age 0 to 17) are three times as likely to be killed by a vehicle on Halloween than during the rest of the year.

Candy-tampering myth

Development of the modern candy-tampering myth
Several events in the late 20th century fostered the modern-day candy tampering myth.

In 1959, a California dentist, William Shyne, gave candy-coated laxative pills to trick-or-treaters.  He was charged with outrage of public decency and unlawful dispensing of drugs.

In 1964, a disgruntled Long Island, New York woman gave out packages of inedible objects to children who she believed were too old to be trick-or-treating. The packages contained items such as steel wool, dog biscuits, and ant buttons (which were clearly labeled with the word "poison"). Though nobody was injured, she was prosecuted and pleaded guilty to endangering children. The same year saw media reports of lye-filled bubble gum being handed out in Detroit and rat poison being given in Philadelphia, although these media reports were never substantiated to be actual events.

Another notable milestone in the spread of the candy tampering myths was an article published in The New York Times in 1970. This article claimed that "Those Halloween goodies that children collect this weekend on their rounds of 'trick or treating' may bring them more horror than happiness" and provided specific examples of potential tampering.

Reports and copycat incidents peaked shortly after the Chicago Tylenol murders, which were first reported one month before Halloween and continued into October 1982, further contributing to the myth of candy tampering. The Chicago Tylenol murders involved an unidentified murderer who tampered with and added poison to a few bottles of over-the-counter medication after the medication had been delivered to stores, resulting in the deaths of several people who then ingested the medication.

Debunking the myths
Joel Best, a sociologist at the University of Delaware, specializes in the scholarly study of candy-tampering legends. He collected newspaper reports from 1958 to 1983 in search of evidence of candy tampering. Fewer than 90 instances might have qualified as actual candy tampering. In none of the cases does he attribute the events to "random attempts to harm children" during the Halloween holiday.  Instead, most cases were attempts by adults to gain financial compensation or, far more commonly, by children to get attention.  Best found five child deaths that were initially thought by local authorities to be caused by homicidal strangers, but none of those were sustained by investigation.

Fabrications by children are particularly common.  Children sometimes copy or act out the stories about tampered candy that they overhear, by adding pins to or pouring household cleaners on their candy and then reporting the now-unsafe candy to their parents.  In these incidents, the children have not been harmed; they know that the dangerous item is present and that it would be unsafe to eat the candy.

Far more prevalent during the same period were reports of vandalism, racist incidents, or children being injured in pedestrian–vehicle collisions on Halloween.

Misattributed deaths
The deaths of five children were initially blamed on stranger poisoning.  A key quality of the poisoned candy myths is that the poisoner is a stranger who is indiscriminately murdering children, rather than dying from an unrelated medical condition or being poisoned by a family member.  All of these claims were proven false upon investigation; none of them were poisonings by strangers.
 Accidental death:  In 1970, Kevin Toston, a five-year-old boy from the Detroit area, died after finding and eating his uncle's heroin. The family attempted to protect the uncle by claiming the drug had been sprinkled in the child's Halloween candy.
 Murdered by father:  In a 1974 case, an 8-year-old boy in Deer Park, Texas, died after eating a cyanide-laced package of Pixy Stix that his father had planted in this trick-or-treat pile. The father, Ronald Clark O'Bryan, also gave out poisoned candy to other children in an attempt to cover up the murder, though no other children consumed the poisoned treats. The murderer, who had wanted to claim life insurance money, was executed in 1984. Because the poisoned candy myth describes random or indiscriminate murders by strangers, rather than murder of a son by his own father, this is not technically an example of a poisoned candy myth.
 Natural death unrelated to candy:  In 1978, Patrick Wiederhold, a two-year-old boy from Flint, Michigan died after eating Halloween candy.  However, toxicology tests found no evidence of poison, and his death was determined to be due to natural causes.
 Natural death due to pre-existing medical condition:  In 1990, Ariel Katz, a seven-year-old girl in Santa Monica, California, died while trick-or-treating.  Early press reports blamed poisoned candy, despite her parents telling the police that she had previously been diagnosed with a serious medical condition, an enlarged heart, which was the actual cause of death.
 Natural death due to infection:  In 2001, a four-year-old girl in Vancouver, British Columbia died after eating some Halloween candy.  However, there was no evidence of poisoned candy, and she died of a streptococcus infection.

Media and the myth
Despite these claims of poisoned candy being eventually proved false, the news media promoted the story continuously throughout the 1980s, with local news stations featuring frequent coverage. During this time cases of poisoning were repeatedly reported based on unsubstantiated claims or before a full investigation could be completed and often never followed up on. This one-sided coverage contributed to the overall panic and caused rival media outlets to issue reports of candy tampering as well.  However, Joel Best says that the spread of the myth cannot be blamed solely on the media and that it must have been transmitted via word of mouth as well.

By 1985, the media had driven the hysteria about candy poisonings to such a point that an ABC News/Washington Post poll that found 60% of parents feared that their children would be injured or killed because of Halloween candy sabotage.

Advice columnists entered the fray during the 1980s and 1990s with both Ask Ann Landers and Dear Abby warning parents of the horrors of candy tampering:

"In recent years, there have been reports of people with twisted minds putting razor blades and poison in taffy apples and Halloween candy. It is no longer safe to let your child eat treats that come from strangers." –Ann Landers in 1995
"Somebody's child will become violently ill or die after eating poisoned candy or an apple containing a razor blade." –Dear Abby in 1983

Candy tampering by friends and family
Almost all tampering cases—at a rate of one or two per year—involve a friend or family member, usually as a prank.  Almost all of those involved sharp objects, rather than poisoning.  Three-quarters of them resulted in no injuries, and the rest resulted in only minor injuries.  No child has ever been killed by eating a Halloween candy from a stranger.

See also
 2018 Australian strawberry contamination – sewing needles put in fresh fruit
 Caraga candy poisonings – accidental contamination with bacteria, causing food poisoning
 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning – accidental confusion of ingredients, causing arsenic poisoning
 2016 Punjab sweet poisoning – intentional poisoning by an angry candymaker

References

Further reading

External links
 Halloween Non-Poisonings at Snopes.com
 Pins and Needles at Snopes.com

Candy
Death hoaxes
Halloween food
Poisons
Urban legends

Poisoned candy myths


Det Hvide Fyr i Skagen er et fyrtårn opført i 1747 efter tegninger af Philip de Lange.

Fyret havde oprindeligt kulbål på toppen. Fyret blev forhøjet i 1816, og den tidligere åbne fyrkurv blev overdækket med en signallanterne. I 1835 blev der installeret et spejlapparat i lanternen. Lanternen er senere blevet fjernet igen.

Fyrtårnet blev oprindeligt opført som afløser for et vippefyr, og det blev selv afløst af et nyt fyr i 1858 (Det Grå Fyr i Skagen).

Etableret i 1747
Ophørt i 1858
Fyrtårne i Danmark
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Skagen

Det Hvide Fyr i Skagen


Anvers () is a station on Line 2 of the Paris Métro. It is located in Montmartre, on the border of the 9th and the 18th arrondissements.

Location
The station is located under Boulevard Marguerite-de-Rochechouart, at Place d'Anvers. Oriented approximately along an east–west axis, it is located between Pigalle and Barbès - Rochechouart metro stations. In the direction of Nation, it is the last underground station preceding the above ground section of the line.

History

The station was opened on 21 October 1902 as part of the extension of Line 2 from Étoile. It was the eastern terminus of the line until its extension to Bagnolet (now called Alexandre Dumas) on 31 January 1903. The station is named after the Place d'Anvers and the Belgian city of Antwerp (Anvers in French) where French troops won a victory over the Dutch during the siege of the citadel of Antwerp in 1832.

The station is located under the Boulevard de Rochechouart, which was built on the route of the Wall of the Farmers-General in order to enforce the collection of taxation between 1784 and 1791 but demolished in the 19th century. Anvers (Sacré-Cœur) is only station on Line 2 between the Charles de Gaulle—Étoile and the Nation stations that is not built on the site of a gate (or barrière in French) of the wall, which became important intersections and thus, logical places for stations. Instead, Anvers station was placed as close to the foot of the Montmartre funicular as possible. Nevertheless, the Barrière de Rochechouart was at the east, near the junction of the Boulevard de Rochechouart and the Rue de Rochechouart. Also near are the hill of Montmartre and the Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur.

From the 1950s to the end of the 2000s, the side walls were covered with metal bodywork with blue horizontal uprights and illuminated golden advertising frames. Before the bodyworks removal as part of the RATP's Renouveau du métro renovation, it was supplemented with shell yellow seats characteristic of the Motte style. The platform modernization work was completed in 2010.

On 1 April 2016, half of the nameplates on the station's platforms were replaced by the RATP to make an April Fool joke for a day, as in twelve other stations. They use the name of the station (without its subtitle), but are humorously turned upside down in order to play on the homophony between Anvers and envers (reverse).

In 2019, 5,643,147 travelers entered this station which placed it at the 67th position of the metro stations for its usage.

Passenger services

Access
The station has a single access entitled Boulevard de Rochechouart - Sacré-Coeur, leading to the central reservation of this boulevard, on Place d'Anvers opposite the similarly named square. Consisting of a fixed staircase, it is adorned with a Guimard entrance, the elements of which were designed by Hector Guimard in 1900 was listed as historic monuments by the decree of 29 May 1978.

Station layout

Platforms
Anvers is a standard configuration station. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks and the vault is elliptical. The decoration is of the style used for most metro stations. The lighting canopies are white and rounded in the Gaudin style of the renouveau du métro des années 2000, and the bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the walls, the vault, the tympans and the outlets of the corridors. The advertising frames are in white ceramic and the name of the station is written in the Parisine font on enameled plates. The seats are a green Akiko style.

Bus services
The station is served by lines 54, 85 and the tourist line OpenTour of the RATP Bus Network and, at night, by lines N01 and N02 of the Noctilien network.

The Montmartre Funicular is accessible a few hundred meters away by taking the Rue de Steinkerque.

Nearby
 Marché de brocante sur le boulevard de Rochechouart
 Butte Montmartre
 Sacré-Cœur, Paris
 Le Trianon (theatre)

References

Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Paris Métro stations in the 9th arrondissement of Paris
Paris Métro stations in the 18th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1902

Anvers station


Paul Kupelwieser (Beč, 1. veljače 1843. - Beč, 20. ožujka 1919), poduzetnik i industrijalac. Sin poznatog austrijskog slikara i profesora na bečkoj akademiji Leopolda Kupelwiesera. Studirao je na rudarskoj akademiji u Leobenu (Štajerska), nakon čega se bavio istraživanjem tehnologije visokih peći u proizvodnji čelika.

U kratkom razdoblju radio je u Bessemer čeličani u Andritzu kod Graza, od 1872. rukovodio čeličanom i valjaonicom željeza u Ternitzu (Donja Austrija), a između 1876. i 1893. vodi uspješnu željezaru u Vitkovicama (u današnjoj Češkoj), najveću u Austro-Ugarskoj i jednu od najvažnijih u tadašnjoj Europi. Kao voditelj metalurške industrije, zaslužan je za mnoge inovacije kao npr. izvedba kotača za lokomotive i vagone iz jednog komada. Kupelwieserove veze s Istrom javljaju se tijekom vođenja željezare u Vitkovicama, koja je isporučivala čelik za pulske utvrde. Godine 1884. osobno je posjetio Pulu, te se nakon obilaska šire okolice grada uvjerio u gospodarsku zapuštenost toga dijela Austro-Ugarske monarhije. Nakon stvaranja želje za ostvarivanjem profita u Istri, u kolovozu 1893. otkupio je brijunsko otočje od izvjesnoga burzovnog mešetara Wildija za svotu od 75.000 forinti. Brijuni su tada bili zapušteni i malarični, a Kupelwieser je na njima namjeravao uspostaviti poljoprivredno gospodarstvo te kulturni centar vezan za tada rastuću vojnu luku Pulu. Na otočje je 1894. doveo šumarskoga stručnjaka Alojza Čufara, koji je smjesta započeo sa sanacijom područja (uređivanje rasadnika, korištenog za kasnije pošumljavanje, melioracija zemlje, gradnja cesta i dr.). Čufar je do svoje smrti 1907. godine bio upravitelj Brijuna u trenucima Kupelwieserove odsutnosti.  Za potrebe svojeg posjeda Kupelwieser je nabavio dva parobroda, jedan za prijevoz tereta, a drugi za putničke i poštanske svrhe. Kako je prepreka daljnjem razvoju Brijuna bila malarija, od koje je i sam obolio te umalo umro, pozvao je poznatoga njemačkog bakteriologa Roberta Kocha da svoje eksperimente, koji su imali za cilj čišćenje područja od malarije, nastavi na Brijunima. Koch je sa svojim suradnicima na Brijunima radio 1900. i 1901., te je naposljetku malarija bila iskorijenjena. Izvještaj o eliminaciji malarije s Brijuna Kupelwieser je 1901. sam sastavio i poslao u Beč, s ciljem da bude od koristi i ostalim dijelovima Austro-Ugarske u kojima je postojao problem malarije. Od 1903. rješava problem dovoda pitke vode na Veli Brijun, te je u to vrijeme postavio cijev za dovod vode s istarskog kopna. U cilju stvaranja kulturnog centra, uredio je pristanište, sagradio pet hotela, bazene s grijanom morskom vodom, te su Brijuni uskoro postali cijenjena destinacija za odmor najuglednijim ličnostima Austro-Ugarske i Njemačke. S istim ciljem, na Brijune je doveo arheologa Antona Gnirsa koji je na njima obavio značajna iskapanja velikoga broja arheoloških lokaliteta. Također, 1910. je uveo redovnu liniju Brijuni-Pula s prvim putničkim brodom na dizelski pogon u svijetu. Da bi što bolje reklamirao turističku ponudu Brijuna, do početka Prvoga svjetskog rata izdavao je tjednik na njemačkom jeziku "Brioni Insel Zeitung". Od gospodarskih aktivnosti, na Brijunima je pokrenuo proizvodnju vina i mliječnih proizvoda .

Osim Brijuna, Kupelwieser je kupio područje od 500 ha u Valturi, gdje je držao stoku i imao vinograde. Međutim, što je važnije, imao je viziju stvaranja nove trgovačke i putničke luke koja bi u Istri stasala uz Pulu kao vojnu luku. Za tu svrhu odabrao je Medulinski zaljev, gdje je najprije kupio poluotok Vižulu, a kasnije i cijelo istočno krilo zaljeva, a sve je to imao namjeru povezati sa željeznicom Divača-Pula.  Međutim, taj plan nije uspio, a posjed je prodao predsjedniku tršćanskoga brodogradilišta J. G. Hütterottu.

Godine 1918., nedugo prije njegove smrti, u Beču je tiskana Kupelwieserova autobiografija pod nazivom "Iz sjećanja starog Austrijanca". Silom povijesnih okolnosti, Paul Kupelwieser nije bio nakon smrti pokopan na Brijunima, kako je on to oporučno poželio u mauzoleju obitelji Kupelwieser kraj svoje supruge Marije umrle 1915. godine, već u Beču. Upravljanje otočjem preuzeo je Paulov sin Karl.

Vanjske poveznice
http://www.np-brijuni.hr/kulturno_povijesna_bastina/osobe_koje_morate_upoznati
http://povijest.hr/nadanasnjidan/paul-kupelwieser-bogati-austrijanac-koji-je-kupio-brijune-1843/

Brijuni

Paul Kupelwieser


Mailson Lima Duarte Lopes, né le  à La Haye, est un footballeur international cap-verdien. Il joue au poste de milieu gauche à l'Ararat-Armenia.

Biographie

Carrière en club
Mailson réalise ses débuts en Eerste Divisie avec le Fortuna Sittard le 28 avril 2017, lors d'un match contre le RKC Waalwijk.

En janvier 2018, après un bref passage à Dordrecht où il joue 16 matches de championnat et marque cinq buts, Mailson signe un contrat d'un an et demi avec une option de deux ans supplémentaires avec l'équipe roumaine du Viitorul Constanța.

Le 26 février 2019, Lima signe au Ararat-Armenia. Le 17 septembre 2020, il inscrit un doublé lors du deuxième tour de la Ligue Europa, lors de la réception du CS Fola Esch, permettant à son équipe de s'imposer 4-3. Après avoir quitté l'Ararat-Armenia pour Dibba Al-Hisn en janvier 2021, Lima retourne à Ararat-Arménie le 6 juillet 2021.

En équipe nationale
Lima reçoit sa première sélection en équipe du Cap-Vert le 1 juin 2018, à l'occasion d'une victoire amicale 3-2 contre l'Algérie.

Il figure ensuite à plusieurs reprises sur le banc des remplaçants lors des éliminatoires de la Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2019 puis lors des éliminatoires de la Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2021.

Vie personnelle
Il est le frère aîné de Ronaldo Lima Duarte Lopes.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à La Haye
Naissance en mai 1994
Footballeur international cap-verdien
Joueur du Fortuna Sittard
Joueur du FC Dordrecht
Joueur du FC Viitorul Constanța

Mailson Lima


شركة سكوير المحدودة بالإنجليزية (Square Co., Ltd.) وباليابانية (株式会社スクウェア) وتقراء (كابوشيكي-جايشا سوكويى).

تأسست في أيلول / سبتمبر 1983 من قبل ماسافومي مياموتو. لقد حدثَ دمج مع انيكس في عام 2003 وأصبحت جزءا من سكوير إنيكس.
سكوير سوفت كان أيضا اسم العلامة التجارية التي تستخدمها في ساحة بين عامي 1992 و 2003. على هذا النحو، وغالبا ما يستخدم اسم (غير صحيح) للإشارة إلى المنظمة بأكملها، ولكن بقي اسم الشركة اليابانية شركة سكوير المحدودة حتى إندمجت مع إنيكس وأصبحت سكوير إنيكس .

مصدر

وصلات خارجية
 Square Co., Ltd Official website (archives)
 Squaresoft Official website (archives)
 Square USA Official website(archives)
 Square Enix Global site
 History of Enix and Square (official site)

انحلالات سنة 2003 في اليابان
تأسيسات سنة 1983 في اليابان
تأسيسات سنة 1986 في اليابان
سكوير (شركة)
سكوير إنكس
شركات انحلت في 2003
شركات ألعاب فيديو انحلت في 2003
شركات ألعاب فيديو أسست في 1986
شركات ألعاب فيديو سابقة
شركات ألعاب فيديو سابقة في اليابان
شركات إعلامية سابقة في اليابان
شركات برمجيات مقرها في طوكيو
شركات أسست في 1983
شركات تطوير ألعاب فيديو
شركات يابانية
شركات يابانية انحلت في 2003
شركات يابانية أسست في 1986
عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 2003
ناشرو ألعاب فيديو

سكوير


Fii cuminte, Cristofor! este o piesă de teatru de Aurel Baranga, o comedie burlească în 3 acte.

Prezentare

Cristofor Bellea este un compozitor plin de sine care se îndrăgostește de Anca, soția actriță a prietenului său Valeriu, un profesor timid.  Cristofor cade în plasa farselor pe care le pune la cale, regretând în final rătăcirile sale sentimentale.

Personaje
  compozitorul Cristofor Bellea
 Emma Bellea, soția lui Cristofor
 profesorul Valeriu Stambuliu
 Anca Stambuliu, soția lui Valeriu; Anca seamănă "ca două picături de apă" cu Emma
 Victoria Sava, secretara lui Cristofor

Reprezentații
  1964 - Teatrul din Galați, regia Traian Ghițescu-Ciurea, cu Septimiu Pop ca Valeriu Stambuliu, Tanți Romee ca Victoria Sava, Viorel Popescu ca  Cristofor Bellea, Florica Cercel ca Emma Bellea și Anca Stambuliu

Teatru radiofonic
  Fii cuminte, Cristofor! cu Radu Beligan ca Cristofor, Marcela Rusu, Marcel Anghelescu, Eugenia Popovici

Ecranizări
 1967 - Fii cuminte, Cristofor! - regia Valeriu Moisescu, cu Beate Fredanov ca secretara Victoria Sava, Marcela Rusu ca profesoara Emma Bellea, Octavian Cotescu ca Cristofor Bellea.
 Teatru TV - regia Diana Lupescu, cu Ada Navrot, Tania Popa, Ion Grosu, Cristian Nicolaie; prezentator - Radu Beligan; o producție TVR

Referințe și note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 Listă de piese de teatru românești

Aurel Baranga
Piese de teatru de Aurel Baranga
Piese de teatru românești
Piese de teatru de comedie
Piese de teatru adaptate în filme
Piese de teatru în 3 acte

Fii cuminte, Cristofor!


Juan Pedro Damiani (Montevideo, Uruguay, 14 de junio de 1958) fue el Presidente del Club Atlético Peñarol desde el año 2008 hasta el año 2017. En el año 2007 José Pedro Damiani, su padre, falleció dejando ese cargo vacante. Damiani "suplió" a su padre pero con el puesto de Coordinador Institucional, ya que el club estaba de luto. Fue elegido en 2008 y reelecto en 2 ocasiones, en el 2011 y en 2014.

Elecciones 2008
En el año 2008 fue elegido presidente, al mando de la lista 10 logrando el 44,42% de los votos (1.346 de 3.030).

Algunos logros del período 2008-2011
 2009: Se creó el Centro De Alto Rendimiento en Solymar, donde trabajan las inferiores del Club.
 2010: Se logra el Campeonato Uruguayo de Fútbol 2009-10 tras vencer en la final a Nacional por un resultado global de 2-1. (De esta manera se logró cortar un sequía de títulos de 6 temporadas).
 2011: Se llegó por décima vez a la final de la Copa Libertadores, la cual perdió frente al Santos Futebol Clube con un global de 1-2.
 2011: El club llegó a los 50.000 socios.

Algunos logros del período 2011-2014

2013: Se logra el Campeonato Uruguayo de Fútbol 2012-13 al ganar la final frente a Defensor Sporting con resultado de 3 a 1.

Algunos logros del periodo 2014-2017
2013: Se iniciaron las obras del Campeón del Siglo.
2015: Reforma en el Complejo Deportivo "Washington Cataldi".
2016: Se profesionalizan todas las áreas del club (Gerente deportivo, Gerente de Marketing, etc.).
2016: Se inaugura el nuevo estadio de Peñarol, el Campeón del Siglo.
2016: Se logra el Campeonato Uruguayo de Fútbol 2015-16 al ganar la final frente a Plaza Colonia con resultado de 3 a 1.
2017: Se logra el Campeonato Uruguayo de Fútbol 2017 al ganar la final frente a Defensor Sporting con resultado de 4 a 2 en los penales, tras empatar sin goles en 120 minutos de juego.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Montevideo
Presidentes del Club Atlético Peñarol
Ítalo-uruguayos
Panama Papers

Juan Pedro Damiani


Kamatamare Sanuki (カマタマーレ讃岐), er en japansk professionel fodboldklub, baseret i Takamatsu, og de spiller i J3 League.

Historiske slutplaceringer

Nuværende trup
Pr. 10. september 2019.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger
J.League

Fodboldklubber i Japan

Kamatamare Sanuki


Le lit de Saint-Jean, appelé aussi tombeau de la fileuse, est une allée couverte située sur la commune de Guimaëc, dans le département français du Finistère.

Historique
L'édifice est mentionné pour la première fois par l'abbé Clech en 1840 puis par Le Men en 1876 et Flagelle en 1878. Il est classé au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du 25 juillet 1930.

Description
Dans les descriptions données par les premiers auteurs au , le monument comporte encore onze dalles mais Du Châtellier en recense treize au début du. Dans son état actuel, il ne comporte plus que huit orthostates, trois à l'ouest, quatre à l'est et une dalle de chevet, toutes d'une hauteur moyenne de . L'ensemble délimite une chambre de  de long sur  de large. Il est vraisemblable que les deux blocs de pierre visibles de l'autre côté du chemin correspondent au prolongement du même édifice qui aurait été à l'origine une allée couverte désormais en partie démantelée. Les dalles utilisées sont en gabbro d'origine locale.

D'après plusieurs auteurs anciens, il existait à proximité un, voire deux cromlechs.

Folklore

Selon une tradition rapportée par l'abbé Clech, le dolmen est appelé « Lit de la fileuse » (Gouele-ar-inkineres en breton) : le site était fréquenté la nuit par une fileuse (fée) qui s'asseyait sur une grosse pierre blanche voisine et dont le fuseau, quand elle filait, partait tantôt à droite et atterrissait ici, et tantôt à gauche et atterrissait sur la commune de Plougasnou dans un endroit similaire appelé lui-aussi « Lit de la fileuse ». Selon Flagelle, l'édifice est attribué à saint Jean-Baptiste, les fidèles se rendant au pardon de Saint-Jean-du-Doigt s'arrêtaient ici pour se frotter le dos à la pierre la plus élevée du fond du monument afin de se préserver des rhumatismes.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Sites mégalithiques du Finistère
 Liste des monuments historiques du Finistère

Liens externes

Lit de Saint-Jean
Allée couverte monument historique en France
Monument historique dans le Finistère
Monument historique classé en 1930

Lit de Saint-Jean (Guimaëc)


الأنيماتريكس هي سلسلة تتكون من تسعة أفلام متحركة قصيرة تدور في عالم سلسلة أفلام الماتريكس الخيالي، أطلق سنة 2003.

الإنتاج
بدأ إنتاج السلسلة عندما كان كاتبو ومخرجو السلسلة الإخوة واكاوسكي في اليابان للدعاية للجزء الأول من سلسلة أفلام الماتريكس. وبينما كانوا هناك قابلوا العديد من مصممي أفلام الأنيمي قرروا التعاون معهم؛ منهم رانجي موراتا .

قام الأخوان بمجرد التفكير في الشكل العام للسلسلة وقاموا بكتابة 4 حلقات منة فقط، ولم يقوموا بإخراج أيّ منهم، ولكنهم تركوا الجانب التقني من صناعة الحركة للمتخصصين في هذا المجال.

النسخة الإنجليزية من السلسلة أخرجها جاك فليتشر، والذي قام بإحضار ممثلي الصوت الذين قاموا بالدبلجة في النسخة الإنجليزية من فيلم فاينال فانتازي.

أيضاً ظهرت الشخصيات الأساسية نيو وترينيتي وقام الممثلون الأصليون كينو ريفز وكارى آن موس بنفسهم بأداء الصوت.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2000
أفلام أخرجها كوجي موريموتو
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أنثولوجيا أمريكية
أفلام أنثولوجيا يابانية
أفلام أنمي 2003
أفلام إنتاج 2003
أفلام إنتاج 2005
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة اليابانية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 2090
أفلام خيال علمي أمريكية
أفلام خيال علمي إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام خيال علمي رسوم متحركة للكبار
أفلام خيال علمي في 2003
أفلام خيال علمي ياباني
أفلام ديستوبيا إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام رسوم متحركة أمريكية
أفلام رسوم متحركة أمريكية في عقد 2000
أفلام رسوم متحركة سايبربانك
أفلام رسوم متحركة في 2003
أفلام رسوم متحركة للكبار
أفلام رسوم متحركة للكبار أمريكية
أفلام سايبربانك
أفلام عن الأمم المتحدة
أفلام عن الطائرات بدون طيار
أفلام عن العبودية
أفلام عن حضور عن بعد
أفلام فيديوهات مسجلة
أفلام فيديوهات مسجلة بادئة
أفلام فيديوهات مسجلة متممة
أفلام فيلاج رود شو بيكتشرز
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي الأخوات وتشاوسكي
أفلام من إنتاج الأخوات وتشاوسكي
تونامي
ذا ماتريكس (امتياز)
رسوم متحركة غربية متأثرة بالأنمي
سيارات طائرة في الأعمال الخيالية
شركة مادهاوس

الأنيماتريكس


سلمى بنت عميس الخثعمية صحابية، أبوها عميس بن معد بن تميم بن الحارث بن شهران بن خثعم، وأمها هند وهي خولة بنت عوف بن زهير بن الحارث بن حماطة بن جرش. أسلمت سلمى قديمًا مع أختها أسماء بنت عميس، تزوجت سلمى من حمزة بن عبد المطلب عم النبي محمد، فولدت له ابنته أمامة التي كانت بمكة فأخرجها علي بن أبي طالب في عمرة القضاء، فأختصم فيها علي وزيد بن حارثة وجعفر بن أبي طالب وأراد كل واحد ضمّها إليه وكفالتها، فقضى بها النبي محمد لجعفر بن أبي طالب لأن خالتها أسماء بنت عميس كانت زوجته، ولقول النبي محمد: .

بعد استشهاد حمزة في غزوة أحد سنة 3هـ، تزوجها شداد بن الهاد الليثي، فولدت له عبد الله بن شداد. وسلمى هي الأخت الصغرى لأسماء بنت عميس زوجة الخليفة الأول أبو بكر الصديق وهي أيضًا أخت غير الشقيقة لأم المؤمنين زينب بنت خزيمة وأم المؤمنين ميمونة بنت الحارث آخر زوجات النبي محمد.

صحابيات
عرب في القرن 7

سلمى بنت عميس


Francisco Guterres, populært kaldet Lú-Olo (født  i Ossu, Portugisisk Timor) er en politiker fra Østtimor, der var Østtimors præsident fra 2017 til 2022. Guterres repræsenterer partiet FRETILIN.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Francisco Guterres biografi  på Østtimors parlaments hjemmeside

Østtimors præsidenter
Politikere fra Østtimor

Francisco Guterres


بلدية باكس ديل بينيديس (بالكاتالانية: Pacs del Penedès)، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 831 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة

باتشس ديل بينيدس (برشلونة)


Das Wappen Tokelaus, eines von Neuseeland abhängigen Gebiets, zeigt ein traditionelles Tuluma, wie es die Fischer der Insel zum Transport ihres Fanges benutzen. Ein weißes Kreuz in der Mitte des Tuluma und der Wahlspruch Tokelau mo te Atua (tokelauisch für Tokelau für Gott) symbolisieren die enge Verbundenheit der Einwohner mit dem Christentum.

Das Parlament von Tokelau genehmigte am 29. Mai 2008 das Design für eine neue Flagge und ein neues Wappen. Vor 2008 wurden die Flagge und das Wappen Neuseelands verwendet.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Flaggenlexikon (Beschreibung von Flagge und Wappen)

Tokelau
Tokelau

Wappen Tokelaus


Ilias Akhomach Chakkour (en ), né à Els Hostalets de Pierola le , est un footballeur hispano-marocain évoluant au poste d'ailier droit au Villarreal CF.

Carrière en club
Né à Els Hostalets de Pierola, Barcelone, Catalogne, Ilias a fait ses débuts pour Barcelone B le 7 novembre 2020, entamant une défaite 1-0 à l'extérieur contre Andorre en Segunda División B. Il a été remplacé par Nils Mortimer à la .

Le 20 novembre 2021, il est dans le onze de départ, pour le premier match de Xavi en tant qu'entraîneur, lors du derby barcelonais contre l'Espanyol, comptant pour la  du championnat. Dans un contexte tendu au Camp Nou après le départ de Ronald Koeman, il aide son équipe à remporter le match 1-0, bien qu'il cède sa place, au début de la deuxième mi-temps, à son compatriote Ez Abde.

En sélection nationale
Né en Espagne, les parents d'Ilias sont originaires de Tétouan au Maroc. Il est international pour les équipes nationales espagnoles de jeunes. Il a également joué avec l'équipe nationale du Maroc U15 et a remporté le championnat d'Afrique du Nord U15 en 2018.

Statistiques

En club

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Bio d'Abdessamad Ezzalzouli sur le site du FC Barcelone

Footballeur marocain
Footballeur espagnol
Joueur du FC Barcelone B
Joueur du FC Barcelone
Joueur du Villarreal CF
Personnalité espagnole née d'un parent marocain
Naissance en avril 2004
Naissance à Beni-Mellal

Ilias Akhomach


Jakob 'Yankie' Fechtenburg Henriksen (født den 30. april 1997) er en dansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den danske 1. divisions klub Vejle Boldklub.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Vejle Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra Danmark

Jakob Henriksen


An Pleuropogon oregonus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Mary Agnes Chase. An Pleuropogon oregonus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pleuropogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Pleuropogon

Pleuropogon oregonus


පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව අනුව මනෝ විද්‍යාව ස්වභාවික මනෝ විද්‍යාවක් ලෙස ද පර්යේෂණයට බඳුන් කළ හැකි පථයක් ලෙස ද සැලකේ. බොහෝ පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාඥයින් පර්යේෂණයන් හැර අනෙකුත් අන්වේශනය කිරීමේ ක්‍රම පිළිබඳ සැක උපදවති. විශේෂයෙන්ම සායනික සහ වර්ධනාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ භාවිතා වන රෝගී අධ්‍යයනය, සහ සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා අඩු වශයෙන් යොදා ගැනීමට නැඹුරුතාවයක් දක්වති.

Ibn al-Haytham පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ ආරම්භකයකු ලෙස ඇතැමුන් සලකන අතර ඔහුගේ දෘෂ්ටිය පිළිබඳ ග්‍රන්ථයේ දෘෂ්ටි සංජානනය සහ දෘෂ්ටි මායාවන් පිළිබඳ පර්යේෂණාත්මක ප්‍රවේශණය මෙයට හේතු වේ. ඔහුගේ සමකාලීන පර්සියානු ම‍නෝ චිකිත්සකයකු Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī විසින් ද ප්‍රතිචාර කාලයේ සංකල්පයේ මොහු සොයා ගන්නා ලද පර්යේෂණාත්මක ප්‍රවේශණයක් බිහි කරන ලදී. නමුදු 19 වන සියවසේ පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ පියා ලෙස සැලකෙන Wilhelm Wundt කාලය තෙක් තවදුරටත් වර්ධනයක් මෙම ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ සිදු නොවිණි. මොහු විසින් පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව සඳහා ගණිතමය සහ ගුණාත්මක ප්‍රවේශනයක් ලබා දෙන ලදී.  Wundt මනෝ චිකිත්සකයකු ලෙස හැඳින්වූ පළමුවැන්නා වන අතර ප්‍රථම පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාඥයා ද වෙයි. ඔහු විසින් ප්‍රථම මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක පර්යේෂණාගාරය ලෙප්සිග්හි දී ස්ථාපනය කළ අතර ව්‍යුහාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යා පාසල සඳහා මූලිකත්වය ලබා දෙන ලදී.

හර්මාන් ජබින්ග්ස් සහ එඩ්වඩ් ටිචිනර් වැනි අනෙකුත් මුල් කාලීන පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාඥයින් අන්තර්ධ්‍යානය තම පර්යේෂණාත්මක ආකෘතීන් තුළ අන්තර්ගත කරන ලදී. නමුදු 20 වන සියවසේ මුල් භාගයේ දී පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව චර්යාවාදය සමඟ තදින් සමානකම් දක්වන‍්නට විය. විශේෂයෙන්ම ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදය තුළ දී මෙම තත්වය ඇතැම් මානසික ප්‍රපංචයන් නොසලකා හැරීමට ද පත් විය. යුරෝපය තුළ මෙම තත්වය (සමානකම) වඩා අඩු වූ අතර සර්. පෙඩ්‍රික් බාට්ලඩ්, කෙනත් කේක, ඩබ්.ඊ. හික් සහ ඩොනල්ඩ් බ්‍රෝඩ්බන්ට් වැනි පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ චිකිත්සකයෝ චින්තනය, මතකය, අවධානය වැනි මාතෘකා කෙරෙහි වැඩි අවධානයක් දක්වන ලදී. මෙය පසුකාලීනව ගුණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව බිහි වීම සඳහා අඩිතාලමක් ද විය.

20 වන සියවසේ අග භාගයේ දී ම‍නෝ විද්‍යාවේ වර්ධනය සහ උප ක්ෂේත්‍ර වැඩි ව‍ශයෙන් ඇති වීම නිසා ද ඥාණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව යන පදයේ අර්ථය වෙනස් වීම බඳුන් විය. විද්‍යාවේ දර්ශනයේ ඇති වූ වර්ධනය පර්යේෂණයන් හි ඇති වටිනාකමට බලපෑම් කිරීම නිසා අද පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාඥයෝ වෙනස් ආකාරයේ ක්‍රම අනුගමනය කරන අතර තමා හුදෙක් පර්යේෂණාත්මක ප්‍රවේශණයට පමණක් සීමා කොට නොගනී. නමුත් මෙයට ප්‍රති විරුද්ධ ලෙස කලින් පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව අංග නොවූ වර්ධනය සහ සමාජීය මනෝ විද්‍යාව වැනි අංග වඩා පුළුල් ලෙස පර්යේෂණාත්මක ක්‍රමය පුළුල් ලෙස යොදා ගනී. එමෙන්ම ඉතා පිළිගත් සමාජ තුළ ද, විද්‍යාත්මක සඟරා තුළ ද, ඇතැම් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයන්හි මනෝ විද්‍යා පාඨමාලාවන්හි දී මෙම යෙදුම නිරන්තරයෙන් ව්‍යවහාර කෙරේ.

පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව
මනෝ විද්‍යාව

පර්යේෂණාත්මක මනෝ විද්‍යාව


Gdyńskie Towarzystwo Piłki Ręcznej (în ), prescurtat GTPR Gdynia, este un club de handbal feminin din Gdynia, Polonia, care evoluează în Superliga Poloneză de Handbal Feminin, primul eșalon al campionatului polonez. GTPR Gdynia a fost fondat în 1990 și a evoluat în sezonul 2012/13 sub numele de Vistal Łączpol Gdynia. Echipa, care folosește actualmente denumirea de Vistal Gdynia din rațiuni de sponsorizare, a fost de două ori campioană a Poloniei, în sezoanele 2011/2012 și 2016/2017.

Istoric
În perioada comunistă, în Gdynia a existat Clubul Sportiv pentru Amatori, care a fost continuat în anii 1990 de clubul Izohan Gdynia. În februarie 2003, sponsorul titular al clubul de handbal a devenit  Łączpol, iar în 2003 echipa a promovat în Liga I, divizia secundă a handbalului polonez, unde a evoluat apoi în următorii patru ani. În sezonul 2005/2006, echipa s-a clasat pe locul al doilea, iar în sezonul  2006/2007, după ce a câștigat 18 din cele 20 de meciuri disputate, s-a clasat pe primul loc, promovând în Superligă, denumită la acea vreme "Ekstraklasa". GTPR Gdynia a debutat la începutul lui septembrie 2007, câștigând meciul în deplasare împotriva echipei Slupsk (29:22).

Palmares
Superliga Poloneză de Handbal
Campioană: 2012, 2017
Vicecampioană: 2015
Locul 3: 2010, 2011, 2014, 2016

Cupa Poloniei
 Câștigătoare: 2014, 2015, 2016

Campionatul de junioare:
Vicecampioană: 2012, 2013
Locul 3: 2015, 2016, 2017

Campionatul de tineret:
Campioană: 2012, 2016
Locul 3: 2015

Cupa Challenge
Semifinalistă: 2010

Echipa

Lotul de jucătoare
Echipa în sezonul 2017–18

Portari
 10  Oliwia Kamińska
 12  Małgorzata Gapska
 16  Weronika Kordowiecka

Extreme dreapta
 3  Katarzyna Janiszewska
 4  Aneta Łabuda
 87  Jagoda Błaszkowska

Extreme stânga
 11  Patrycja Bieńkowska
 14  Magdalena Stanulewicz
 22  Kinga Gutkowska

Pivoți
 37.  Marta Śliwińska
 66.  Joanna Szarawaga
 77.  Patrycja Kulwińska

Linia de 9 metri
 5  Alicja Pękala
 7  Kornelia Małecka
 18  Aleksandra Zych
 19  Joanna Kozłowska
 20  Julia Wtulich
 24  Natalia Kowalczyk
 49  Patricia Matieli
 71  Martyna Borysławska
 78  Paulina Uścinowicz

Banca tehnică
Sezonul 2017–18

Conducerea administrativă
Conform paginii oficiale a GTPR Gdynia

Sală
Echipa GTPR Gdynia joacă meciurile de pe teren în sala Gdynia Arena, cu o capacitate de 4271 de locuri pe scaune.

Note

Legături externe
Pagina oficială a clubului GTPR Gdynia

Cluburi de handbal din Polonia
Fondări în 1990

GTPR Gdynia


Comandant ( or ) este un grad militar în armată sau în poliție. În forțele armate franceze, spaniole, irlandeze și monegasce este un grad echivalent cu cel de maior. În Africa de Sud în cea mai mare parte a celei de-a doua jumătăți a secolului al XX-lea gradul de comandant era echivalent cu gradul de locotenent-colonel.

Canada
Commandant este termenul franco-canadian pentru comandantul unei unități de dimensiuni medii, cum ar fi un regiment sau batalion în cadrul Forțelor armate ale Canadei. În unitățile mai mici, comandantul este de obicei cunoscut în limba franceză ca officier commandant.

Irlanda
Gradul de comandant (Comdt) (în ) este un grad militar, atât în Armata Irlandeză, cât și în Corpul de Aviație Irlandez. El este echivalent cu maior și șef de escadron. În Serviciul Naval Irlandez, gradul echivalent este locotenent-comandor.

Franța
Commandant (scurtat de la capitaine-commandant, adică "căpitan comandant" (de batalion)) este un grad ofișeresc din Forțele armate ale Franței, în special în Armata Franceză și în Forțele Aeriene Franceze, care este echivalent cu gradul de maior.

Commandant este denumit, de asemenea, chef de bataillon ("șef de batalion") în infanterie, chef d'escadrons ("șef de escadroane") în cavaleria blindată și chef d'escadron ("șef de escadron") în artilerie și Jandarmerie.

Commandant este, de asemenea, denumirea, dar nu și gradul ofițerilor superiori din Marina Franceză (capitaine de corvette, capitaine de frégate și capitaine de vaisseau).

Înainte de Revoluția Franceză, maiorul era ofițerul numit de rege pentru a ține evidența cheltuielilor și disponibilităților unui regiment. El putea avea un adjunct (un aide-major) și putea fi un om de rând sau un nobil. Un maior avea grad de comisar, nu de ofițer. Ofițerul cu grad similar de comandant era chef de bataillon sau chef d'escadron.

Maiorul este acum, cu toate acestea, cel mai înalt grad de warrant officer, fiind superior gradului de adjudant-chef.

Spania
În Armata Spaniolă și Forțele Aeriene Spaniole, gradul de comandante este superior gradului de căpitan și inferior gradului de locotenent-colonel, fiind echivalent cu gradele de maior sau de comandant de escadron în țările vorbitoare de limba engleză.

Africa de Sud

În Africa de Sud, din 1950 până în 1994 comandant a fost denumirea oficială a gradului de locotenent-colonel în Arama Sud-Africană, în Forțele Aeriene Sud-Africane și în Serviciile Medicale Sud-Africane. Anterior, în secolul al XIX-lea și începutul secolului al XX-lea era titlul unui ofițer ce comanda o unitate de comando (miliție).

Din 1950 până în 1957, însemnele de grad pentru un comandant (Kommandant în afrikaans) era o coroană deasupra unei stele cu cinci colțuri. În 1957 coroana a fost înlocuită cu un castel pentagonal inspirat de planul parterului Castelului Bunei Speranțe din Cape Town, cea mai veche clădire militară din Africa de Sud. În 1994 gradul de comandant / kommandant a fost înlocuit cu cel de locotenent-colonel.

Din 1968 până în 1970, un grad asemănător, comandant șef, a existat în Forțele de Comando [rezerva teritorială, parțial rurală, aproximativ echivalentă cu Garda Națională sau Garda Civică]. Acest grad de comandant șef a existat în armată și era situat între comandant și colonel. Gradul a fost folosit doar de ofițerii ce comandau unități de comando (de exemplu, o mică formațiune alcătuită din două sau mai multe unități de comando).

Marea Britanie
În Regatul Unit, termenul de commandant se referă, de obicei, la o poziție, nu la un grad. Cu toate acestea, între 1922 și 1928 gradul de general de brigadă a fost înlocuit cu cel de comandant colonel. Acest lucru nu a fost bine primit și s-a revenit la gradul de general de brigadă.

Referințe

Ranguri militare

Comandant (grad)


Le gouvernement Shehbaz Sharif est le gouvernement du Pakistan depuis le 19 avril 2022. Il succède au gouvernement Imran Khan.

Historique

Motion de censure
Fin mars 2022, la coalition au pouvoir depuis 2018 autour du Mouvement du Pakistan pour la justice perd la majorité absolue, et l'opposition, notamment la Ligue musulmane du Pakistan (N) et le Parti du peuple pakistanais, dépose une motion de censure à l'encontre du Premier ministre Imran Khan. Imran Khan accuse alors les États-Unis de souhaiter son départ du pouvoir pour s'être rendu en Russie dans le contexte de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022.

Le 3 avril, alors que la motion est en passe d'être votée par l'opposition, le vice-président de l'Assemblée nationale, Qasim Suri, membre du parti du Premier ministre et qui préside la session, refuse qu'elle soit votée, en arguant qu'elle est  car elle serait soutenue par une . Imran Khan demande peu après au président de la République Arif Alvi de convoquer un scrutin anticipé, ce que ce dernier effectue dans la foulée. Ses fonctions devraient prendre fin dès la nomination d'un gouvernement intérimaire.

La Cour suprême examine du 3 au 7 avril un recours déposé par l'opposition. Le 7 avril, elle déclare inconstitutionnelle le rejet de la motion de censure et invalide par conséquent la dissolution. La Cour ordonne également à l'Assemblée nationale de se réunir le 9 avril pour voter la motion de censure.

Imran Khan est finalement renversé par la motion de censure, votée le lendemain peu après minuit par 174 députés, soit cinq voix de plus que le minimum requis. Ce vote fait suite à la démission du président et du vice-président de l'Assemblée. Alors que la session chaotique avait débuté la veille à 10 heures du matin, elle a été ajourné à plusieurs reprises, alors que des députés des deux camps se sont échangés des invectives et que des ministres ont retardé le vote par des discours-fleuve en guise d'obstruction parlementaire.

Élection de Shehbaz Sharif

Le , Shehbaz Sharif est élu Premier ministre par l'Assemblée nationale avec 174 voix sur un total de 342 sièges, soit deux de plus que la majorité absolue. En plus de son parti, il réunit autour de lui le Parti du peuple pakistanais, l'islamiste Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam et divers petits partis. Les partisans d'Imran Khan boycottent la session, dénonçant les affaires de corruption entourant Sharif et pointant du doigt une « conspiration étrangère » contre le précédent gouvernement.

Shehbaz Sharif décrit sa désignation comme « la victoire du bien sur le mal » et promet de se concentrer sur les difficultés économiques du pays et l'amélioration des relations extérieures. Il annonce notamment une hausse du salaire minimum à  et 10 % d'augmentation des retraites.

Son élection constitue un retour du Pakistan dans l'ère des dynasties politiques, qui règnent traditionnellement sur le pays.

Formation du gouvernement
Devant le refus du président de la République, Arif Alvi, Shebaz Sharif est assermenté le jour même de son élection par le président du Sénat Sadiq Sanjrani.

Du fait des tractations entre les partenaires de coalition, le gouvernement n'est annoncé que le 19 avril. Comme le Premier ministre, les membres du gouvernement sont assermentés par le président de la chambre haute. Les portefeuilles ministériels sont attribués plus tard dans la journée mais le portefeuille des Affaires étrangères reste vacant jusqu'au 27 avril, lors Bilawal Bhutto Zardari est nommé à ce poste. Le 22 avril, quatre nouveaux ministres sont nommés et assermentés par le président de la République.

Succession
Le 5 août 2023, le Premier ministre Sharif annonce que l'Assemblée sera dissoute le 9 août et que le scrutin aura lieu sur la base du nouveau recensement. Cette décision reporte le scrutin jusqu'en avril 2024.

Comme prévu, le président Alvi signe le décret le 9 août. Le 12 août, Anwar ul-Haq Kakar est désigné Premier ministre par intérim après un accord entre le Premier ministre sortant et le chef de l'opposition Raja Riaz Ahmad. Il prête serment le 14 août, au lendemain de sa démission de son parti et du Sénat.

Composition

Notes et références

Gouvernement du Pakistan

Gouvernement Shehbaz Sharif (Pakistan)


«Brick by Brick» es una canción de Arctic Monkeys extraído de la cuarta producción Suck It and See. La canción fue la primera en ser revelada proveniente del cuarto álbum de estudio de la banda, el 4 de marzo de 2011, sin embargo no era un sencillo. El primer sencillo, "Don't Sit Down 'Cause I've Moved Your Chair" fue lanzado en formato digital hasta el 12 de abril del mismo año. En una edición limitada, de vinilo etiqueta blanca de 7 pulgadas, el sencillo  "Don't Sit Down 'Cause I've Moved Your Chair" fue publicado el 16 de abril como Lado A, ofreciendo a "Brick by Brick" como Lado B.

Canciones de Arctic Monkeys
Canciones en inglés
Canciones de indie rock
Canciones de 2011

Brick by Brick


تعتبر خطوط الطاقة عامة ذات الفولطية المتوسطة (اقل من 50 كيلوفولت), فولطية منخفضة (اقل من 1000 فولت)
ويمر عبر مراحل المرحلة الأولى هي التوليد: وهي تحول الطاقة من أي شكل إلى كهرباء

نقل الكهرباء هي نقل الطاقة الكهربائية من (المولد generator) إلى المستخدم (load, user), فهذي الخطوات تسمى «شبكه النقل الكهربائي»

تبدأ بالمولد Generator station , معظم الحالات تكون خارج المدن
يتصل بها "خطوط النقل Transmission:
تنحدر بين 440kV - 33kV
منها نوعين "خطوط نقل هوائيه Over headline OHL
أو كيبيلات ارضيه "Underground Cables"

الخطوط الهوائية تعتبر النوع الأقدم من طرق النقل- الامان والصيانة فيها أكثر مقارنه بالكيبيلات الأرضية لتأثرها في حالات العواصف والرمل والمطر.. الخ لكنها تعتبر وسيله ارخص للمسافات الطويلة مقارنه بالكيبلات الأرضية

الكيبيلات الأرضية لها أنواع متعدده- مبدأها انها تكون تحت الأرض لتوصيل الكهرباء current التيار من محطه إلى أخرى
كيبيلات oil filled معبأه بالزيت حيث يمر بها الزيت- تعتبر أقدم أنواع الكابلات- صيانتها أكثر من أي نوع آخر لكن عمرها يعتبر أطول- وطاقتها الاستحماليه للحراره كبيره جدا

كيبيلات XLPE ذو نوع عازل خاص.

المحطات الكهربائية للنقل الكهربائي تحتوي على محول "transformer" يحول من جهد أعلى إلى اقل أو العكس
مثلا 66/11 يعني يحول من 66 ك.ف إلى 11 ك.ف.

مراجع

اقرأ أيضا

 أخطار الكهرباء
 جهد بين الرجلين

كهرباء
هندسة الكهرباء

توزيع الكهرباء


دخلت الناصرة في حوزة العرب المسلمين على يد شرحبيل بن حسنة سنة 634 م

وعندما خلت البلاد من الصليبيين، استوطن مسلمون من الشام ومصر والعراق والمغرب والحجاز. وكان المذهب السائد هو المذهب السني مع وجود بعض العائلات الشيعيّة، أو التي تعود إلى أصول شيعيّة، مثل عائلة: زين الدّين، ومروّات (في الأصل: عائلة مروّة التي لها صلة بالعائلة الشيعيّة آل مروّة المعروفة في لبنان).

بحسب مخطوطة يعقوب فرح من سنة 1857:
يعود أصل بعض العائلات المسلمة في الناصرة إلى الحصن من حمولة بيت حجير وإلى حمولة البياطرة من نابلس يرجع هذا الحديث إلى سنة 1730.

للمسلمين محاكم خاصة، منحت بموجب القانون صلاحية خاصة للبت في قضايا الأحوال الشخصية، والوقف. ولهذه الطائفة مؤسسات وخدمات دينية. قانون البلاد يعترف بأيام الراحة والأعياد لهذه الطائفة التي يرأسها قضاة شرعيون، أعلى مؤسسة قضائية عندهم هي محكمة الاستئناف الشرعية، والأحكام التي تصدرها نهائية. والشبكة القضائية الإسلامية ليست خاضعة للمحكمة العليا في إسرائيل ما دامت تعمل ضمن صلاحياتها، كما أن تدخل المحكمة العليا في القضايا التي تنظر فيها نادر جدًّا وهو يقتصر على الخروج عن الصلاحية، المادة التاسعة من قانون القضاة تمنح القاضي الشرعي المسلم استقلالاً تامًّا، ويظل القاضي يمارس مهام منصبه إلى أن يُتوفى أو يستقيل أو يتقاعد أو يُنقل من منصبه بموجب أحكام القانون.

الحكومة لم تقلص صلاحيات المحكمة الشرعية لكنها ألزمتها بتطبيق قانون مساواة الحقوق خصوصًا للمرأة والذي بموجبه تمنع عادة تعدد الزوجات أو إكراهها على الطلاق الذي يعتبر مخالفة جنائية، كما منع الزواج المبكر الذي كان شائعًا جداً في أوساط المسلمين خصوصاً البدو، ممّا إلى تغيير مكانة المرأة المسلمة عمليًّا.

جوامع الناصرة
في الناصرة العديد من المساجد مثل الجامع الأبيض ومسجد السلام والنبي سعين وبلال وشهاب الدين وغيرها.

الجامع الأبيض
أول جامع في الناصرة. يقع في منطقة السوق وقد تم بناؤه عام 1804، ويتبع لوقف عائلة الفاهوم.

جامع السلام
يقع في الحارة الشرقية على مقربة من كنيسة الأقباط. وقد تم بناؤه عام 1961 على قطعة أرض تبرَّع بثلثيها السيد محمد أبو أحمد، والثلث الآخر قدم من قبل البلدية.

جامع الهُدى
يقع في حيّ جبل الدولة، وهو ثالث مسجد أقيم في المدينة عام 1967.

مسجد النور
يقع في حي بير أبو الجيش وقد تم انشاؤه عام 1978.

مسجد بلال بن رباح
يقع في حي الصفافرة وقد تم انشاؤه عام 1981.

مسجد عمر بن الخطاب
يقع في حي الصفافرة وقد تم بناؤه عام 1982.

مسجد أبو بكر الصديق
يقع في حي جبل حمودة وقد تم انشاؤه عام 1982.

مسجد النبي سعين
مصلى استخدم في الفترة العثمانية من قبل الجنود الأتراك. بغياب نبي يحمل الاسم سعين يعتقد أنَّ مصدر الاسم هو تحوير عن كلمة «الساعين» وهم الجنود الساعين إلى الصلاة. رُمِّم عام 1989 بجهود لجنة محليّة وقف على رأسها الحاج أحمد حمّودة الزّعبي (أبو نواف). ثمّ شُيِّد الطّابق الثّاني مع توسعة عام 2009.

مقام شهاب الدين
هو ضريح شهاب الدين ابن أخت صلاح الدين الأيوبي، ويقع بجانب دوار مركز المدينة وعلى مقربة من كاتدرائية البشارة الكاثوليكية. في نهاية عام 1997 هدمت مدرسة إسلاميّة قديمة مجاورة للمقام كانت تضم محرابًا ومُصلّى، فطالبت شريحة من المسلمين تقودهم الحركة الإسلامية بتوسيع المقام وإقامة مسجد هناك، وقوبل ذلك بمعارضة البلديّة والطّائفة المسيحيّة لقربها الشديد من الكتدرائية، واقترح اقامة مسجد في مكان اخر من المدينة، أما إسرائيل فابدت موافقتها المبدئية التي فسّرها البعض بالرغبة بتعزيز التوتر. وبالفعل أدى هذا إلى نشوء توتر بين أوساط إسلامية ومسيحية في المدينة، وتدخل الفاتيكان وسفارات غربية لمنع اقامة المسجد بالمقربة من الكتدرائية، وسحبت الحكومة الإسرائيلية موافقتها على بناء المسجد. وأقامت البلديّة ساحة عامّة هنالك على قطعة الأرض المجاورة المقام، وأصبحت الساحة تستعمل للفعاليات الاجتماعية والدينية المختلفة في المدينة.

مسجد الأبرار
يقع في حيّ بئر الأمير، أقيم عام 1998.

مسجد الصحابة
يقع في الحي الشرقي من المدينة، قُرب الشارع الالتفافي، شُيِّد عام 2000، تبرّع بأرضه الحاج أبو يوسف صوالحة.

مسجد خالد بن الوليد
يقع في حي أم قبي، أقيم عام 1999.

مسجد الرحمن
يقع في حي كرم الصّاحب، اقيم عام 2001.

مسجد الأنصار
يقع في حيّ الصفافرة قُرب دوّار الشّهيد علي عبّاس. يقع ضمن عمارة سكنيّة يملكُها الحاج عماد عَوّاد، أقيم عام 2012.

المسلمون في قرى الناصرة
تتميز مدينة الناصرة بكونها مركزا تجاريا وثقافيا للقرى العربية التي من حولها مثل يافة الناصرة وكفر كنا والرينة والمشهد وعيلوط وعين ماهل وإكسال إضافة للحلقة الأكبر من القرى العربية في المنطقة والتي تشمل قرى أخرى كقرية طرعان ودبورية. يشكل المسلمون الأغلبية في هذه القرى أيضا.

تاريخ الناصرة
مجتمعات إسلامية
مسلمون فلسطينيون

المسلمون في الناصرة


Banga es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar, dentro del Estado de Panyab.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 250  a 111 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 19 331 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Banga (Punyab)


إفيستوس (Ήφαιστος) هي مدينة في رودوبي في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1630   نسمة.

مراجع

مدن اليونان

إفيستوس (رودوبي)


Mithril er et fiktivt metal i J.R.R. Tolkiens bøger om Midgard (bl.a. Ringenes Herre, Silmarillion og Hobbitten). Der er det et slags sølvmetal, bare meget hårdere.

Det var dværgene og Durin I som først fandt mithril i Moria, Khazad-Dûm. Derefter gravede de dybt etfer metallet, og blev vældig rige på det.

De skabte sig et paradis af et dværgerige i Moria, og mange dværge kom for at flytte dertil. Da elverne hørte at Durin den udødelige havde fundet mithril i Moria kom der mange elversmede for at smede sig flotte metalgenstande af det.
Blandt andet blev Nenya, den ene af de 3 Ringe lavet af mithril.

Men da dværgene flygtede fra Moria på grund af balrogen som skjulte sig der, gik meget mithril tabt. Alligevel fik dværgene noget med sig, blandt andet til Det ensomme bjerg, indtil Bilbo Sækker og de tolv dværgene fik overtaget stedet ("Hobbitten"), der blev bevogtet af dragen Smaug.

Da dragen i historien blev dræbt, fik Bilbo, en elverhjelm og en brynje af mithril af Thorin 2. Oakenshield som var med i følget. Denne hjelm reddede Bilbos liv, da han under Femhærerslaget fik en sten i hovedet, mens han havde den ene ring på sig. Hjelmen har ingen videre historie, men brynjen gav han senere videre til Frodo sammen med sværdet Sting.

Efter Ringkrigen vandt Dáin II Moria tilbage, og genskabte dværgeriget som før havde været der. Tillige smedede Gimli, søn af Glóin, nye porter af mithril og stål til byen Minas Tirith.

Andet
Mithril er også kendt for at være et specielt stærkt og klart metal i computerspil som RuneScape, Warcraft og Terraria.

J.R.R. Tolkien
Fiktive materialer

Mithril


La gare de Lugarde - Marchastel est une gare ferroviaire, de la ligne de  Bort-les-Orgues à Neussargues, non exploitée (mais pas déclassée). Elle est située dans le terroir du Cézallier sur le territoire de la commune de Lugarde immédiatement au sud-ouest du village, dans le département du Cantal, en région française Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Elle est mise en service en mai 1908, par la compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans. Elle constitue un terminus du train touristique saisonnier Gentiane express.

Situation ferroviaire
Établie à  d'altitude, au nord-ouest du bourg, la gare de Lugarde - Marchastel est située à proximité du viaduc de Lugarde au point kilométrique (PK) 493,092 de la ligne de Bort-les-Orgues à Neussargues, entre les anciennes gares fermées de Condat - Saint-Amandin et de Saint-Saturnin - Saint-Bonnet. Initialement, elle avait été ainsi dénommée parce qu'elle desservait également la commune proche de Marchastel et ses hameaux.

Histoire
La gare de Lugarde - Marchastel est mise en service le , par la compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans, lorsqu'elle ouvre à l'exploitation le tronçon central de sa ligne de  Bort-les-Orgues à Neussargues.

Si la SNCF a fermé le service voyageurs en 1990 et le trafic marchandise en 1991 sur la ligne de Bort-les-Orgues à Neussargues, la gare a retrouvé une activité en 1997 avec l'exploitation touristique partielle de la ligne au départ du Gentiane express en direction de la gare de Riom-ès-Montagnes.

Galerie

Patrimoine ferroviaire

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Gentiane express
 Ligne de  Bort-les-Orgues à Neussargues
 Liste des gares du Cantal
 Liste de gares en France

Gare dans le Cantal

Gare de Lugarde - Marchastel


Andaman ve Nicobar Adaları, Bengal Körfezinde bulunan takımadalar ve Hindistan Birliği'nin eyâleti.

Toplam yüzölçümü 8293 km², toplam nüfus 188.254 (1981). Andaman Adaları, 4'ü büyük 204 adacıktan oluşur.

Yüzölçümü 6475 km² olan 19 adadan oluşan Nicobar Adaları'nın ancak yedisinde oturulmaktadır.

Eyâlet merkezi, 115.133 nüfuslu Port Blair'dir. Dağlık olan adaların büyük bir bölümü ormanlarla kaplıdır. Hindistan'a ceviz içi ihraç edilir.

Andaman ve Nikobar adaları


Porquéricourt er en kommune i departementet Oise, i Picardie-regionen i det nordlige Frankrig. Kommunen ligger i kantonen Noyon tilhører arrondissement Compiègne. I 2010 havde Porquéricourt 352 indbyggere.

Kommuner i Frankrig

Porquéricourt


La humita, a veces llamada umita, es un mineral de la clase de los nesosilicatos, y dentro de esta pertenece al llamado "grupo de la humita". Fue descubierta en 1813 cerca del monte Vesubio, en la Campania (Italia), siendo nombrada en honor de Abraham Hume, político inglés coleccionista de gemas y minerales.

Características químicas

Químicamente es un nesosilicato de magnesio con cationes fluoruro. Es tan frecuente la presencia de impurezas de hierro sustituyendo en la fórmula parcialmente al magnesio que para algunos autores lo consideran parte de su fórmula química; para la Asociación Mineralógica Internacional se considera válida la fórmula pura sin hierro.

El grupo de la humita al que pertenece son todos nesosilicatos con cationes de metal y aniones como el flúor o el grupo hidroxilo en su estructura cristalina.

Además de los elementos de su fórmula y de las mencionadas impurezas de hierro, suele llevar como impurezas: titanio, aluminio, manganeso y calcio.

Tipos de humitas
Jerrygibbsite: (Mn,Zn)9(SiO4)4(OH)2
Chondrodite: (Mg,Fe)5(SiO4)2(F,OH,O)
Clinohumite: (Mg,Fe)9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2
Alleghanyite: Mn5(SiO4)2(OH)2

Formación y yacimientos
Puede encontrarse en yacimientos de rocas ígneas, comúnmente intercalado con capas de clinohumita (Mg9(SiO4)4F2).

Típicamente suele encontrar en zonas de metamorfismo de contacto en rocas calizas y dolomías asociadas con rocas ígneas de tipo félsico, o bien, más raramente, en rocas plutónicas alcalinas, especialmente en aquellas zonas en las que el metasomatismo ha introducido elementos químicos como hierro, boro y flúor.

Suele encontrarse asociado a otros minerales como: grosularia, wollastonita, forsterita, monticellita, cuspidina, fluoborita, ludwigita, espinela, brucita, calcita, dolomita, serpentina, diópsido, corindón, flogopita o pirrotita.

Usos
Tallada como gema es cotizada y usada en joyería.

Referencias

 Humita, mindat.org.
 Humita, webmineral.com.
 Manual de humita, Mineral Data Publishing.

Gemas
Nesosilicatos
Minerales de magnesio
Sistema ortorrómbico
Minerales descubiertos en Italia en el siglo XIX
Minerales descubiertos en 1813
Italia en 1813
Minerales descubiertos en el monte Vesubio

Humita (mineral)


Glorioso Adası, Hint Okyanusu'nda yer alan bir adalar grubu. Fransa'nın müstemlekesidir. Madagaskar'ın kuzeybatısında yer alır. Yüzölçümü: 5 km²'dir. Yaklaşık 5 binlik nüfusa sahip adanın sahil şeridi 35,2 km uzunluğundadır. Tropikal bir iklime ve düz bir arazi yapısına sahiptir. Guano ve hindistancevizi bakımından zengindir.

Fransa'nın ıssız adaları
Madagaskar'ın ıssız adaları
Hint Okyanusu'ndaki mercan adaları
Tartışmalı adalar
Komorlar'ın adaları
Fransa-Madagaskar ilişkileri
Fransa'nın toprak anlaşmazlıkları
Madagaskar'ın toprak anlaşmazlıkları

Glorioso Adası


Diana Gurtskaja (Georgisk:დიანა ღურწკაია ,   ; født 2. juli  1978) i Sukhumi, Abkhasiske ASSR, Georgiske SSR, USSR er en russisk georgisk sangerinde. Hun repræsenterede Georgien ved Eurovision Song Contest 2008.

Eksterne henvisninger

Sangere fra Georgien
Georgiens Eurovision Song Contest-deltagere
Deltagere ved Eurovision Song Contest 2008

Diana Gurtskaja


Samuel Victor Railton (-) est un homme politique canadien de l'Ontario. Il est député fédéral libéral de la circonscription ontarienne de Welland de 1972 à 1979.

Biographie
Né à Kelvin en Ontario, Railton étudie la médecine à l'université de Toronto après avoir gradué du . Pratiquant la médecine à Port Colborne en Ontario, il s'engage avec le  entre 1940 et 1945. Suivant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il s'installe et pratique à Welland et se porte comme médecin volontaire à l'hôpital militaire de Kaduna pendant la guerre civile nigériane en 1970.

Élu en 1972 et réélu en 1974, il ne se représente pas en 1979. D'octobre 1975 à septembre 1977, il est secrétaire parlementaire de Daniel Joseph MacDonald, ministre des Affaires des Anciens combattants.

Résultats électoraux

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1906
Naissance en Ontario
Député fédéral canadien provenant de l'Ontario
Député du Parti libéral du Canada
Étudiant de l'Université de Toronto
Décès en juillet 1996
Personnalité de la guerre du Biafra
Décès à 90 ans

Victor Railton