Federico Maria Sardelli (born 1963) is an Italian conductor, historicist, composer, musicologist, comic artist, and flautist. He founded the medieval ensemble Modo Antiquo in 1984. In 1987, Modo Antiquo also became a baroque orchestra, debuting with the performance of Jean-Baptiste Lully's Ballet des Saisons in front of an audience of about five thousand.

Life and career
He is the main conductor of the Accademia Barocca di S. Cecilia (Rome) and guest conductor of the Orchestra Filarmonica di Torino, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Orquestra de la Comunitat Valenciana, Gewandhaus Leipzig, Staatskapelle Halle, Kammerakademie Potsdam, Moscow State Chamber Orchestra, etc.

He has recorded more than forty Albums as soloist and conductor, published by the labels Naïve, Deutsche Grammophon, Sony, Brilliant, Tactus. A notable protagonist in the Vivaldi renaissance, he performed, recorded and edited a large number of Vivaldi compositions, often in world premiere (Arsilda, regina di Ponto, Orlando Furioso, Tito Manlio, Motezuma, L'Atenaide, etc.). He has been nominated twice for the Grammy Award (1997 and 2000) and on 28 November 2009 the Government of Tuscany awarded Sardelli with the Gonfalone d'Argento, the highest medal of honour of the Regione Toscana.

He is a member of the Scientific Board of the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, at the Fondazione Giorgio Cini in Venice, for which he has published several essays and monographs, among them "Vivaldi's Music for Flute and Recorder", Ashgate Publishing, 2007, in the translation of Michael Talbot.

In July 2007 Peter Ryom appointed him as his heir to continue his monumental work of cataloging the music of Antonio Vivaldi, and since then Federico Maria has been responsible for the Ryom-Verzeichnis (RV). In December 2014 he and Francisco Javier Lupiáñez Ruiz independently identified the earliest known work of Vivaldi, which he has catalogued as RV 820.

In 2015 he published his first novel L'affare Vivaldi, (Sellerio), a historical investigation into the disappearance of Vivaldi's manuscripts.

In addition to his musical activities, Sardelli is also a painter, engraver and satirical writer. He is married to the violist and musicologist Bettina Hoffmann.

Books and essays
L'affare Vivaldi, Sellerio, Palermo, 2015.
Catalogo delle concordanze musicali vivaldiane, Fondazione G. Cini, Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, «Quaderni vivaldiani», XVI, Firenze, Olschki, 2009.

Vivaldi's Music for Flute and Recorder, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007, 316 pp., translated by Michael Talbot.
Dall'esterno all'interno: criteri di autenticità e catalogazione, «Studi vivaldiani», 7, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2007.
Una nuova sonata per flauto dritto di Vivaldi, «Studi vivaldiani», 6, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2006, pp. 41–51.
Le opere giovanili di Antonio Vivaldi, «Studi vivaldiani», 5, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2005, pp. 45–78.
Il flauto nell'Italia del primo Settecento, «Ad Parnassum», vol. 2, Issue 3, April 2004, pp. 104–152.
Un nuovo ritratto di Antonio Vivaldi, «Studi vivaldiani», 2, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2002, pp. 107–114.
Vivaldi a Ulm negli acquisti di Johann Kleinknecht, «Studi vivaldiani», 2, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2002, pp. 99–106.
La musica per flauto di Antonio Vivaldi, Fondazione G. Cini, Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, «Quaderni vivaldiani», XI, Firenze, Olschki, 2001, 250 pp.
Ciuffi rossi ed altri dettagli. Per una riconsiderazione dell'iconografia vivaldiana, «Informazioni e studi vivaldiani», 15, Milano, Ricordi, 1994, pp. 103–113.

Selected discography
The Young Vivaldi, first recording of RV 820 and other rare works of the youth, Modo Antiquo, Sony, 2015
Federico Maria Sardelli, Sacred Music, Accademia dei Dissennati, Modo Antiquo, Brilliant Classics, 2014
Federico Maria Sardelli, Baroque Concertos, Psalm, Chamber Music, Modo Antiquo, Brilliant Classics, 2013
Vivaldi, Orlando furioso (RV 819), 1714 opera, Naïve 2011
Vivaldi, New Discoveries II, Naïve
Vivaldi, New Discoveries I, Naïve
Georg Friedrich Händel, Arie italiane per basso, Ildebrando D'Arcangelo, bass, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, Deutsche Grammophon, September 2007
Antonio Vivaldi, L'Atenaide (3 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Première & Complete Recording, Naïve, September 2007
Antonio Vivaldi, I Concerti di Sfida, Anton Steck, violino, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Première Recording, Naïve, April 2007
Claudio Monteverdi, Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda, Lamento d'Arianna, Anna Caterina Antonacci, mezzosoprano, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, Naïve, February 2006
Antonio Vivaldi, Opera Aria, Sandrine Piau, soprano, Ann Hallenberg, alto, Paul Agnew, tenor, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Première & Complete Recording, Naïve, September 2005
Alessandro Scarlatti, Inferno, Cantate drammatiche, Elisabeth Scholl, soprano, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, CPO, 2006
Antonio Vivaldi, Tito Manlio (3 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, Amadeus Speciale, April 2004/CPO, 2005
Antonio Vivaldi, Orlando furioso RV 728 (3 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, Amadeus Speciale, February 2003/CPO, 2007
Antonio Vivaldi, Arsilda, regina di Ponto (3 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, WDR, August 2001/CPO, October 2004
Arcangelo Corelli, Concerti Grossi op. VI (2 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Première Recording with wind instruments, Grammy Awards Nominée 2000, Amadeus speciale March 1998/Tactus, 1999
Antonio Vivaldi, Juditha Triumphans (2 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, Amadeus/WDR, December 2000, Tactus, 2002
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerti per molti Istromenti, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, Grammy Awards Nominée 1997, Tactus, 1996
Antonio Vivaldi, Le Sinfonie dai Drammi per Musica, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Première & Complete Recording, Frame, 2002
Antonio Vivaldi, I 12 Concerti di Parigi, Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Première Recording, Amadeus, 1999/Tactus, 1999
Antonio Vivaldi, Le Cantate (4 CD), Federico Maria Sardelli, conductor, World Prémiere Recording, Tactus 1998/99, 4 vols. cantatas for soprano and b.c.
Antonio Vivaldi, I Concerti per flauto traversiere vol. I, Federico Maria Sardelli, flute and conductor, Tactus, 1994
Antonio Vivaldi, I Concerti per flauto traversiere vol. II, Federico Maria Sardelli, flute and conductor, Tactus, 1995
Pietro Antonio Locatelli, Sonate à tre op. V, Federico Maria Sardelli, flute and conductor, Tactus, 1996
Alessandro Scarlatti, I Concerti per flauto, Federico Maria Sardelli, flute and conductor, World Première Recording, Tactus, 1993

Critical editions
Antonio Vivaldi, Arie d'opera per Baritono e Basso, Milano, Ricordi, 2008
Antonio Vivaldi, Arie d'opera per Tenore, Milano, Ricordi, 2008
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerto per 2 violini e 2 violoncelli RV 575, critical edition, «Antonio Vivaldi. Opere incomplete», 6, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2006.
Antonio Vivaldi, Arie d'opera per Mezzosoprano e Contralto, Milano, Ricordi, 2005
Antonio Vivaldi, Arie d'opera per Soprano, Milano, Ricordi, 2005
Nicholas Chédeville, Il Pastor Fido (attributed to Vivaldi), critical edition, Bärenreiter, Kassel, 2005
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerto in due cori per 2 violini principali e 2 organi RV 584, critical edition, «Antonio Vivaldi. Opere incomplete», 3, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2003.
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerto in due cori per 2 violini principali e 2 organi RV 584, critical edition, «Antonio Vivaldi. Opere incomplete», 3, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2003.
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerti per fagotto RV 468 e RV 482, critical edition, «Antonio Vivaldi. Opere incomplete», 2, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2002.
Antonio Vivaldi, Orlando Furioso, RV 728, Fondazione G. Cini, Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, 2002.
Antonio Vivaldi, VI Concerti Opera Decima, facsimile edition, «Vivaldiana», 1, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2001.
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerti per traversiere RV 431 e RV 432, critical edition, «Antonio Vivaldi. Opere incomplete», Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2001.
Antonio Vivaldi, Arsilda Regina di Ponto, RV 700, Fondazione G. Cini, Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, 2001.
Antonio Vivaldi, Opera Seconda, facsimile edition, «Strumentalismo italiano», 86, Firenze, S.P.E.S., 2001.

Comic works
Sardelli is a longtime collaborator on the satirical magazine Il Vernacoliere and contributes through his satire of Italian mainstream culture, religion and religious kitsch. His nonsensical style resembles that of Monty Python and Luis Buñuel, but he has a recognizable style of his own rooted in Tuscan popular humor. Sardelli, as a comic author, constructs elaborate parodies of Padre Pio or of Italian sagre (popular festivals that Italian farming communities once often organized); the so-called Proesie ("Proetries") that are ineffable nonsense works. His Le Più Belle Cartoline Del Mondo ("Most Beautiful Postcards Of The World") are elaborate stories built around 60s and 70's kitsch postcards, often representing children or couples, written in an absurdly baroque and archaic style and lexicon. A recurring character in these stories is that of the fictional dwarf Gargilli Gargiulo.

Characters and comic-strips by Sardelli include:

Clem Momigliano: an improbable detective whose character blatantly lampoons mainstream heroic characters of adventure comics. Like Mandrake he has a coloured sidekick, Negro Balongo, which he unashamedly exploits as a slave. Most of Clem's adventures begin with a classic opener mocking adventure comics and have an improbable mission issued by a mysterious "Chief", only to collapse miserably because of some trivial impediment such as the neighbour using Clem's rocket to anchor her laundry line.

Il Bibliotecario ("The Librarian"): a peculiar comic strip made always of two-frames variations on the same theme: in the first the librarian greets an unnamed elderly woman with a flowery and archaic sentence and the woman will ask for an impossibly difficult to find ancient book, such as the "Gabinetto Armonico" of Filippo Bonanni. In the second frame the librarian will reply with totally unconnected and, more often than not, heavily offensive behaviour.

Merda ("Shit"): a mute strip where various characters are nonsensically obsessed by their relationship with excrement.

Circo ("Circus"): about the adventures of a circus whose animals indulge in embarrassing activities just when the show is to start.

Comic bibliography
 Il Libro Cuore (forse), Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 1998 (a parody of the famous Edmondo De Amicis's Cuore)
 Trippa, I più grandi eroi dei fumetti (forse), Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 1999 (comic strips)
 I Miracoli di Padrepio, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2002 (comic miracles of S. Pio)
 Le più belle cartolyne del mondo, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2005 (a gallery of the most terrifying postcards, with comments)
 Proesie, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2004 (first book of poetry)
 Proesie II, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2008 (second book of poetry)
 Paperi in Fiamme, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2008 (comic strips)
 Saggi di Filosofia Neorazionalista, con un metodo sicuro per indovinare i gratta e vinci giusti e levare il malocchio, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2009 (comic writings)
 Rassegna staNpa, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2012 (Fake front pages of newspapers)
 Tutte le Proesie, Livorno, Mario Cardinali Editore, 2014 (Complete collection of poetries with many unpublished works)

References

External links
 Federico  Sardelli biography on the Modo Antiquo website

1963 births
Living people
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
20th-century Italian male musicians
20th-century Italian writers
20th-century Italian male writers
21st-century Italian conductors (music)
21st-century Italian male musicians
21st-century Italian writers
21st-century Italian male writers
Baroque musicians
Historicist composers
Italian composers
Italian flautists
Italian musicologists
Italian humorists
Italian male conductors (music)
20th-century flautists
21st-century flautists

Federico Maria Sardelli


Jade Lebœuf, née le , est une mannequin et influenceuse française.

Biographie

Enfance et formation
Jade Lebœuf est la fille de Frank Lebœuf, un ancien footballeur international français, et de la styliste Béatrice Bodas. Elle a un frère, Hugo, avec qui elle a grandi aux côtés de leur père. Les changements de clubs de ce dernier font que les deux enfants déménagent régulièrement, avec des passages à Londres, Marseille, ou encore au Qatar.

Durant les années 2000, la famille s'établit aux États-Unis. Jade étudie par conséquent à Santa Monica, puis entre à l'UCLA d'où elle sort diplômée en sophrologie. Dans le même temps, elle s'intéresse au cinéma. Ainsi, accompagnée de son père, elle prend part à des cours de comédie au Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute.

Carrière
Elle intègre tout d'abord l'agence artistique Cinétéa, puis rejoint subséquemment Bella Agency, une agence de mannequinat à Los Angeles.

En 2016, la jeune femme est au casting d', un film américain d'Anthony Stabley.

Elle s'expose par la suite sur les réseaux sociaux, notamment Instagram et Twitter, où elle poste assidument des photos d'elle, dévoilant régulièrement sa plastique. Au vu de la croissance de son nombre d'abonnés, elle devient rapidement une influenceuse. Cela lui permet de se diversifier, devenant notamment égérie d'une marque de lingerie, et de se lancer dans l'entrepreneuriat.

Vie privée
À partir de janvier 2016, Jade Lebœuf est en couple avec Stéphane Rodrigues, participant de la saison 8 de l'émission de télé-réalité Secret Story et de la première saison de Ninja Warrior : Le Parcours des héros. Ils se marient civilement le 12 juillet 2018 au Luxembourg. Le 12 juillet de l'année suivante, ils célèbrent à Toulon leur mariage au moyen d'une cérémonie laïque. Le 15 mars 2020, elle annonce sa grossesse sur Instagram. Le 9 août 2020, elle donne naissance à un garçon, Elon James.

Télévision

Candidate
 2020 : Tous en cuisine, en direct avec Cyril Lignac sur M6
 2021 : Les Reines du shopping (Spéciale célébrités) sur M6
 2023 : Les Cinquante sur W9''

Notes et références

Liens externes

Blogueuse française
Mannequin femme français
Naissance en novembre 1990
Lieu de naissance inconnu

Jade Lebœuf


Søllested-Skovlænge-Gurreby Sogn er et sogn i Lolland Vestre Provsti (Lolland-Falsters Stift). Det blev dannet 27. november 2016 ved sammenlægning af Søllested Sogn, Skovlænge Sogn og Gurreby Sogn.

Alle 3 sogne havde hørt til Lollands Sønder Herred i Maribo Amt. Begge sognekommunerne Søllested og Skovlænge-Gurreby blev ved kommunalreformen i 1970 indlemmet i Højreby Kommune, der ved strukturreformen i 2007 indgik i Lolland Kommune.

I sognet ligger Søllested Kirke, Skovlænge Kirke og Gurreby Kirke.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

Sogne i Lolland Kommune
Sogne i Lolland-Falsters Stift
Sogne i Lollands Sønder Herred
Etableret i 2016

Søllested-Skovlænge-Gurreby Sogn


Acharya Pranavananda, auch Yugacharya Srimat Swami Pranavananda Ji Maharaj (* 19. Januar 1896, dem 16. Magha 1302, in Bajitpur, Provinz Bengalen im Kaiserreich Indien, heute District Dhaka, heute Bangladesch; † 8. Januar 1941 in Kalkutta) war ein hinduistischer Swami und Gründer der hinduistischen Organisation Bharat Sevashram Sangha.

Leben
Pranavananda fiel bereits in der Dorfschule auf durch seine kontemplative Art und seine Bemühungen anderen Menschen zu helfen. 1913 ging er nach Gorakhpur im heutigen indischen Bundesstaat Uttar Pradesh, wo er sehr bald in die Spiritualität des Hinduismus eingewiesen wurde. In den folgenden Jahren begründete er eine Mission, welche sowohl Notleidenden soziale Hilfen zukommen ließ, als auch die Ideen des traditionellen Hinduismus verbreitete.

Am Tag des Vollmonds im Monat Magha des hinduistischen Kalenders des Jahres 1917 gründete Pranavananda Bharat Sevashram Sangha, die unter anderem das Ziel hatte, ein gestärktes Indien aufzubauen. Diesem Ziel dienten und dienen bis heute (2012) zahlreiche Zentren für Kleinstindustrie (cottage industries), Klosterschulen, Elementarschulen und Krankenstationen sowohl in städtischen als auch in ländlichen Bereichen Indiens. Stationen der Organisation wurden auch im Ausland gegründet. Mitglieder der Organisation werden jedoch hauptsächlich in Indien tätig, wo sie durch ihre safrangelbe Kleidung und die indischen Turbane auffallen. In Fällen von Naturkatastrophen, Hungersnöten und Epidemien sind Mitglieder der Organisation ebenso tätig, wie zum Beispiel, wenn notwendig, bei der Regelung von chaotischen Verkehrssituationen. Die Organisation betreibt unter anderem auch gemeinnützige Kliniken, Krankenhäuser und Pensionen und hilft dort Menschen ohne Ansehen von Religion, Kaste oder Stand.

Pranavananda bereiste viele Gebiete Indiens und machte eine Wallfahrt zum Kailash in Tibet. Er sympathisierte mit der indischen Freiheitsbewegung der 1920er und 1930er Jahre. Seine Lehren sind mit dem Titel Sangha Geeta kodifiziert worden. Dort werden unter anderem Regeln zum Erreichen der Selbstverwirklichung vorgezeichnet und Ideale wie Opferbereitschaft, Selbstbeherrschung, Wahrheitsliebe und Zurückhaltung herausgestellt sowie Eigenschaften wie Faulheit, Schläfrigkeit oder Lust angeprangert.

Nach seinem Tode in Kalkutta wurde Pranavananda in seine Geburtsstadt zurückgebracht und dort in seinem bereits fertiggestellten Mausoleum zur letzten Ruhe gebettet.

Trivia
Im März 2012 weihte die Indian Railways in Garia, Kolkata einen Haltepunkt, den Pranavananda Halt, als Umsteigestation zur Station Kavi Subhash der Kolkata Metropolitan Railway ein, die durch eine Unterführung zu erreichen ist.

Veröffentlichungen
 Exploration in Tibet with a foreword by S. P. Chatterjee, University of Calcutta, Kalkutta 1939.
 in Hindi: Kailāsa-mānasarovara, 1943? und Englisch: League, Kalkutta 1949.
 The Prophet of the Age. Bharat Sevashram Sangha, Kalkutta ohne Datum.
 The Sangha-Geeta. Bharat Savashram Sangha, Kalkutta 1967.
 Śribhagavadgita, 1973.
 Treatise on Sricakra. Sri Svami Pranavananda Trust, Yenugula Mahal, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, Indien 1992.

Literatur
 Ninian Smart, Swami Purnananda: Prophet of a New Hindu Age. The Life and Times of Acharya Pranavananda. George Allen & Unwin, London/ Boston/ Sydney 1985, ISBN 0-04-922032-2.

Weblinks
 Website der Organisation Bharat Sevashram Sangha

Person (Hinduismus)
Inder
Bengale
Geboren 1896
Gestorben 1941
Mann

Pranavananda


La Playa de Dumas es una playa urbana a lo largo del Mar Arábigo ubicada a 21 kilómetros al sur oeste de la ciudad de Surat, en el estado indio de Gujarat.  Esta playa es famosa por su arena negra. Es un popular destino turístico en el sur de Gujarat. Aparte de la playa, los lugares de interés en Dumas, incluyen el templo Dariya Ganesh ubicado junto a la playa principal. El paseo tiene varias tiendas que venden aperitivos indios como Bhajiya, Pav Bhaji, dulce asado en carbón vegetal, entre otros. Hay varios restaurantes que sirven comida india y china. Las opciones vegetarianas están disponibles. Los baños están disponibles cerca del Círculo Morarji Desai.

Véase también
Playa de Beihai
Cala en Porter
Playa de Camburi
Playa de Citara

Referencias

Playas de India

Playa de Dumas


فواز بن نايف بن متلع المقاطي العتيبي لاعب كرة قدم سعودي ولد في الطائف. لعب في نادي الأهلي السعودي دون سن الثالث والعشرين يلعب ظهير أيسر، وانضم للمنتخب السعودي الأولمبي. لعب بعد الأهلي لأندية نجران و الحزم، ويلعب حالياً لـنادي القادسية السعودي.

أولمبياد بكين
شارك مع المنتخب السعودي خلال فترة تصفيات أولمبياد بكين 2008م واًستبعد من المنتخب بعد قضائه فترة معينة في المعسكر الإعدادي للمنتخب.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سعوديون
لاعبو مراكز متعددة كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (السعودية)
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون
لاعبو نادي الحزم
لاعبو نادي القادسية (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي نجران
مواليد 1407 هـ
مواليد 1987
مواليد في السعودية

فواز المقاطي


زائير  أو «تراجيديا زارا» مسرحية تراجيدية فرنسية كتبها فولتير العام 1732 وتم تمثيلها على المسرح الفرنسي "Comédie-Française" لأول مرة في 13 أغسطس من ذات السنة.

تدور أحداث القصة في فترة القرن الثاني عشر وأثناء الحروب الصليبية، حول الفتاة الفرنسية «زايير» والتي أسرت ونشأت ضمن حريم السلطان، حيث تتبادل الحب مع السلطان الذي يصوره فولتير بكونه رجلا فاضلا يعاهد زايير على إلغاء نظام الحريم ويكتفي بها زوجة واحدة، ويوشكان على الزواج.
تقوم «فاتيما» وهي أسيرة أخرى بتأنيب زايير وتتهمها «بنسيان دينها» لترد عليها زايير بأن اعتناق دين ماهو إلا عادة تتحكم فيها ظروف تاريخية وبشرية وجغرافية تحيط بنشأة الإنسان.

هناك «نيرستام» وهو أسير آخر وفي ذات الوقت هو شقيق «زايير» لكن السلطان لايعلم ذلك، ويحاول الأخ اقناع أخته بعدم الزواج من السلطان لكنه يفشل في ذلك، كما يحاول ردها إلى المسيحية قبيل سفره لتوافق بعد طول ممانعة وبعد ترتيبهما لموعد لكي يعيد تعميدها فإذا بالسلطان الذي كان يتابع اللقاءات بينهما ظانا أنها لقاءات عاشقين يتربص بهما ويقوم بطعنهما بالخنجر، وبعد علمه بحقيقة الأمر وتمسك حبيبته به يقوم بطعن نفسه ليفارق الحياة.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 النص الكامل بالفرنسية

أدب الحملات الصليبية
أعمال عن الحملات الصليبية
تراجيديات
مسرحيات 1732
مسرحيات القرن 18
مسرحيات باللغة الفرنسية
مسرحيات عن العبودية
مسرحيات فولتير

زائير (فولتير)


Henry George (* 18. Februar 1891 in Charleroi; † 6. Januar 1976 in Uccle) war ein belgischer Radrennfahrer und Olympiasieger.

1920 startete Henry George bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen in Antwerpen und errang die Goldmedaille im Punktefahren auf der Bahn. Das Rennen hatte ein dramatisches Finale: 31 Fahrer starteten, von denen 14 das Ziel erreichten. Bis kurz vor Schluss führte der Brite Thomas Harvey, stürzte aber 200 Meter vor dem Ziel wegen einer Kollision seines Rades mit dem von George, der schließlich gewann. Auch Cyril Alden wurde durch die Kollision behindert, fiel aber förmlich wenige Zentimeter hinter George über die Ziellinie. Piet Ikelaar, als Dritter gewertet, reklamierte, er sei Zweiter geworden; sein Einspruch wurde jedoch nicht anerkannt.

1919 wurde George Dritter der belgischen Straßenmeisterschaft der Amateure, 1921 belgischer Vizemeister. Er startete für den Verein Sporting Club Bruxelles.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Radsportler (Belgien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Belgien)
Olympiasieger (Radsport)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1920
Bahnradfahrer
Belgier
Geboren 1891
Gestorben 1976
Mann

Henry George (Radsportler)


El nombre común Tapaculo del páramo puede referirse a dos especies de aves:

 Scytalopus canus, es una especie de ave paseriforme; o
 Scytalopus opacus, es una especie de ave paseriforme.

Tapaculo del páramo


Los llamados problemas de Smale son una lista de 18 problemas matemáticos no resueltos propuesta por Steve Smale en 2000. Smale compuso esta lista en respuesta a una petición de Vladimir Arnold, entonces presidente de la Unión Matemática Internacional, que pidió a varios matemáticos listar los problemas matemáticos más interesantes para el , inspirado en la lista de problemas de Hilbert propuestos en 1900.

Problemas

Véase también
 Problemas del milenio

Referencias

Problemas matemáticos no resueltos
Pruebas asistidas por ordenador

Problemas de Smale


Güzelyurt, Zonguldak ilinin Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Coğrafya
Köy, Zonguldak il merkezine 50 km, Karadeniz Ereğli ilçe merkezine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Karadeniz Ereğli belde ve köyleri

Güzelyurt, Karadeniz Ereğli


A suncake, or taiyang bing, is a popular Taiwanese dessert originally from the city of Taichung, in central Taiwan. The typical fillings consist of maltose (condensed malt sugar), and they are usually sold in special gift boxes as souvenirs for visitors. Some famous suncake pastry shops always have long lines of people waiting to buy boxed suncakes.

Suncakes are round, and they may vary in size. They are characterized by flaky crusts. Most people eat them with tea, and some people dissolve them in hot water to make a porridge-like dessert.

Origin
The first suncakes were made by the Lin family in the She-Ko area of Shengang Township, Taichung County (now part of Taichung City). The Lin family used condensed malt sugar as a filling for cake pastries. Later, pastry maker Wei Qing-hai modified the cakes to their current form.

Though not originally called "suncakes", they were given the name by the owner of "Sun Booth", one of the most famous pastry shops that sells them. The name was not trademarked, and other pastry shops have used the same name for their own suncakes.

See also

 Mooncake
 Sweetheart cake
 Taiwanese cuisine
 List of Taiwanese desserts and snacks
 List of pastries

References

Taiwanese desserts
Pancakes

Suncake (Taiwan)


Tofalar (Tofaca: Тоъфа) veya eski literatürde bilinen isimleri ile Karagaslar, Sibirya'nın İrkutsk Oblastı'nda yaşayan Türk halkı. Halk, kökensel, dilsel ve kültüre açıdan Tuva'nın doğusu ile benzemektedir. Çok eskiden Tuva'dan ayrılmış Tuba Türkleri sanılmaktadır. Türk dillerinde f harfi kullanılmamaktadır, bu yüzden bu ad yabancı olanlar tarafından söylenmiş ve Toba kelimesinden bozmadır.

Ekim Devriminden önce Tofalar göçebe halklardandır ve devrim sonrası Sovyet hükûmeti tarafından yerleşim alanları değiştirildi. Genç Tofalar Sovyet okullarında eğitim görüp Rusça öğrendiler ve kültürel gelenekleri yasaklandı. 2002 nüfus sayımına göre Rusya'da 837 Tofa bulunmaktadır.

Etimoloji ve geçtiği yerler

Çin kaynaklarında Türkçe konuşan ve Türk soylu kavimler, "Topa" olarak adlandırılmıştır. Günümüzde tarihi Türk topluluklarının göçüp devlet kurduğu bazı yer adları benzerlik taşır. Hindistan'ın Carkhand eyaletinin Hazaribag ilçesinin küçük yerleşim birimlerinden birinin adı Topa olarak geçer. Tuoba adı da Çin'in kuzeyinde bir bölge adı olarak geçmiştir..

Nüfus

Rusya nüfus sayımlarında Tofaların nüfusu 1926-2002 yılları arasında şu şekildedir.
 1926 — 417 kişi
 1959 — 586 kişi
 1970 — 620 kişi
 1989 — 722 kişi
 2002 — 837 kişi

Yerleşim
Rusya Federasyonu İrkut ili Alhıg yer, Yukarı Gutara, Nerha  yerleşimlerinde yaşamaktadırlar. Birüsa, Kan (Kanag: küçük akarsu demektir) gibi akarsuların olduğu yerdedir. Öncesinde Karagasya (Karagas ülkesi) olarak resmi kayıtlara geçmişken 1934 tarihinden itibaren halkın isteği ile Tofalar ülkesi anlamında Tofalariya adı kullanılmaya başlandı.

Tarih
Tofa Türkleri, eski Türk boylarından gelmektedir. Eski Türk boylarından Tele boyu içinde geçen Dubo adı değişimler sonucu Tuba, Tuha şeklinde adlandırılmıştır. Tofa sözü de bu değişimlerden biridir. Tofalarya bölgesi XVII. yüzyılda Rus işgali ve istilasına uğrar. Sovyetlerin kuruluşuna kadar Tofalar'ın Suglaan adı ile kendi meclisleri bulunmaktaydı. XX. yüzyıla kadar 8 boya sahip olan Tofalar'ın bu yüzyıldan sonra 5 tane boyları bilinmektedir. Tofa boylarının adları: Kaş, Sarıg-Kaş, Çogdu, Kara-Çogdu, Çeptey.

Ayrıca bakınız
Tofaca
 Tuvalar
 Şorlar
 Soyotlar
 Duhalar

Notlar

Literatür
 Тофалары // Сибирь. Атлас Азиатской России. — М.: Топ-книга, Феория, Дизайн. Информация. Картография, 2007. — 664 с. — ISBN 5-287-00413-3
 Тофалары // Народы России. Атлас культур и религий. — М.: Дизайн. Информация. Картография, 2010. — 320 с. — ISBN 978-5-287-00718-8
   Рассадин В. И. Особенности традиционной материальной культуры саянских оленеводов-тофаларов// Этнологические исследования: Сб. ст. Вып.1. — Улан-Удэ: Изд-во БНЦ СО РАН, 2000. — С.131-148.
   Рассадин В. И. Словарь тофаларско-русский и русско-тофаларский/ Тоъфа-орус — орус-тоъфа сооттары: Учеб. пособие для учащихся средних школ. — СПб.: Дрофа, 2005. — 296 с.
   Рассадин В. И. Тофалары// Тюркские народы Восточной Сибири. — М.: Наука, 2008. — С. 262—333.

Atıflar

Dış bağlantılar

 Baykal tabiatı. Tofa Ülkesi
 Tofalariya. Gökyüzüne yakın bölge
 Galeri Novosibirsk Devlet Müzesi

Tofalar


En la geología se denomina molasa a una asociación de rocas sedimentarias clásticas de origen terrestre y marino que forman depósitos costeros. Constituyen principalmente areniscas y pizarras y se depositan en playas, lagunas, ríos y pantanos.

En excavaciones superficiales admite taludes verticales de gran altura.

Referencias

Depósitos sedimentarios

Molasa


Charles Pasqua (født 18. april 1927 i Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes, død 29. juni 2015 i den parisiske forstad Suresnes i Hauts-de-Seine) var en fransk forretningsmand og gaullistisk politiker.

Indenrigsminister
Han var indenrigsminister to gange, først under Jacques Chiracs regering i 1986–1988 og igen under Édouard Balladurs regering i 1993–1995.

Modstandsmand og gaullist
Som 16-årig gik Charles Pasqua ind i Den franske modstandsbevægelse, og i resten af sit liv var han medlem af en række gaullistiske partier:
 1947-1955: Det franske folks samling
 1958-1968: Unionen for den nye republik
 1968-1976: Unionen af demokrater for republikken
 1976-1999: Samling for Republiken
 1999-2004: Samling for Frankrig
 2004-2015: Union for en folkelig bevægelse

Medlem af Nationalforsamlingen
Charles Pasqua var medlem af Nationalforsamlingen i 1968–1973.

Senator
Charles Pasqua var medlem af Senatet i 1977–1986, 1988–1993, i 1995–1999 og i 2004–2011. Han var formand for den gaullistiske gruppe i 1981–1986 og i 1988–1993.

Formand for departementsrådet
Charles Pasqua var medlem af departementsrådet for Hauts-de-Seine i 1970–1976 og i 1988–2004. Han var formand for departementsrådet i 1973–1976 og i 1988–2004.

Desuden var han medlem af byrådet i Neuilly-sur-Seine i 1983–2001.

Medlem af Europa-Parlamentet
Charles Pasqua var Europaparlamentsmedlem i 1999–2004. Han var formand for Gruppen Unionen for Nationernes Europa, der blev tilknyttet Alliance for Nationernes Europa.

Indenrigsministre fra Frankrig
Gaullister

Charles Pasqua


Gülkaya, Nizip - Gaziantep ili Nizip ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Gülkaya, Karaman - Karaman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Gülkaya, Alaçam - Samsun ili Alaçam ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Gülkaya


Okružni sud u Mostaru današnju zgradu ima od kraja 19. stoljeća. Izgradnja je počela polovicom 1891. godine usporedno s gradnjom zgrade zatvora, koja se gradila u neposrednoj blizini. U zgradi okružnog suda je i danas Županijski sud. Dotad su u Mostaru okružni sud i zatvor bili na Konaku. Koncem 1892. obje su se ustanove preselile s Konaka u te novoizgrađene objekte. Zgradu Suda projektirao je moravski inženjer Maximilian David.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Starmo.ba  F.K. : Općinski sud Mostar od ponedjeljka na novoj adresi 22. ožujka 2015.(pristupljeno 10. studenoga 2017.)

Građevine u Mostaru

Okružni sud u Mostaru


Ordet pibe (fra latin pipa; dansk 'fløjte') har flere specialiseringer:
 Tobakspibe
 Merskumpibe
 Lakridspibe
 Skorstenspibe
 Orgelpibe
 Sækkepibe
 Bådsmandspibe
 Pibe (våbenløb)
 Lodret streg - "|" engelsk pipe

Se også
 Pipeline
 Rør
 Fløjte
 Dette er ikke en pibe
 Skovpiber

Pibe


El Día del Músico se celebra el 22 de noviembre, para festejar a todos aquellos que de alguna u otra forma se relacionan y conocen sobre música. La fecha conmemora la muerte de santa Cecilia  personaje medio legendario, mártir del cristianismo y patrona de los músicos.

Algunas fuentes mencionan que se debe a los cuadros de pintores del  el hecho de que santa Cecilia esté vinculada con la música, ya que la mostraban tocando el arpa y otros instrumentos.

Esta celebración se inició un 22 de noviembre con un festejo realizado en la localidad francesa de Evreux (Normandía), con un torneo de compositores. Desde 1695 se comenzó a celebrar en Edimburgo (Escocia) con cierta regularidad el Día del Músico/a. Posteriormente, también lo hicieron Alemania, España y Francia. En América Latina esta tradición de realizar una fiesta empezó en Río de Janeiro (Brasil) entre 1919 y 1920, y se extendió al resto de América. 25 nacimiento de Jesucristo

Otros aniversarios
Esta misma fecha está relacionada con otras efemérides musicales:

 1901: nació el compositor español Joaquín Rodrigo (1901-1999), autor del Concierto de Aranjuez (1939).
 1901: falleció el compositor mexicano Genaro Codina (1852-1901), autor de la Marcha de Zacatecas.
 1908: falleció el músico francés Claude-Paul Taffanel (1844-1908), considerado el fundador de la escuela francesa de la flauta.
 1913: nació el compositor, director de orquesta y pianista británico Benjamin Britten (1913-1976), considerado el más importante creador musical académico inglés del .

En Argentina
El 23 de enero se celebra el "Día Nacional del Músico". Esta conmemoración se realiza desde el año 2015 cuando se promulgó la Ley Nº 27106, en homenaje al   natalicio de Luis Alberto Spinetta.

Referencias

Fiestas de noviembre
Música

Día del Músico


Katolička Crkva u Sijera Leoneu je dio svjetske Katoličke Crkve, pod duhovnim vodstvom pape i rimske kurije.

Povijest
Rimokatolički misionari aktivno su djelovali u obalnom pojasu Sijera Leonea još u ranom 16. stoljeću, iako je relativno mali broj osoba primio katoličanstvo.
U Sijera Leoneu je 2007. bilo oko 263 600 katolika, što čini oko 4,1% od ukupnoga broja stanovnika.

Organizacija
Država je podijeljena u tri biskupije i jednu nadbiskupiju:

 Freetownska nadbiskupija
 Boska biskupija
 Kenemska biskupija
 Makenijska biskupija

Izvori

Sijera Leone
Sijera Leone

Katolička Crkva u Sijera Leoneu


Anne Hansdatter Oldeland (? - 21. februar 1602 i Odense) var en dansk godsfrue, kendt for sine stridigheder med de lokale præster fra Uggerslev Kirke.

Familie og ægteskab
Anne Oldeland var datter af lavadelsmanden Hans Oldeland og konen Sophie Munk. Hun giftede sig med godsejeren Hans Norby (skrives også nogle gange som Nordby) og sammen levede de på hans gods på Fyn, Uggerslevgård. Det vides ikke, hvornår ægteskabet blev indgået. Norby døde ca. 1565.

Uggerslev kirke
Oldeland og hendes mand Norby har i eftertiden erhvervet sig et blakket ry som følge af deres stridigheder med den lokale kirke, Uggerslev, og dens to præster. 1500-tallet var en særlig stridbar periode, men det lader til, at Oldeland og hendes mand var mere trættekær end hvad godt var.

Ifølge kilderne viste parret gentagende gange deres utilfredshed gennem chikane og protester. Det lader til at særligt Oldeland var aktiv her. F.eks. låste de i perioder kirkedørene, så der ikke kunne afholdes gudstjenester, de lavede diverse forstyrrelser under gudstjenester, og i et enkelt dokumenteret tilfælde var de så højlydte under en vielse, at den måtte forettes udenfor.

Norby klagede på hustruens vegne over de to præster og herefter blev biskoppen Niels Jespersen inddraget i sagen. Han talte ud imod parrets overgreb, og derved blev han deres næste offer. En episode fortæller, hvordan Oldeland, under en prædiken i Skt. Knuds kirke, råbte så mange skældsord efter ham, at han så sig nødsaget til at forlade prædikestolen. Konsekvenserne af denne handling er ikke kendte.

Efter mandens død lader det ikke til, at Oldeland mistede sin lyst til splid. Hun fortsatte og begyndte sågar at inddrive landgilde fra godsets bønder på sine egne beføjelser. Hun blev i 1567 idømt bøder af herredagen og det lader til, at hun herefter faldt til ro.

Senere liv
Oldeland havde en gård på Lolland kaldet Rolykke, og hun kan sandsynligvis have tilbragt lidt til her, selvom det ikke vides med sikkerhed. Det er dog sikkert at hun har opholdt sig i Fåborg i nogen tid før hun endeligt slog sig ned, og døde, i Odense.

Referencer

Adel fra Danmark

Anne Oldeland


An Hylophila rubra in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames. An Hylophila rubra in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hylophila, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Philippines. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hylophila

Hylophila rubra


La bataille d'Als (danois : Slaget om Als) a lieu du  au  entre les royaumes de Danemark et de Prusse.

Préparation

Le , un court armistice expire, le  d'armée du général der Infanterie Herwarth von Bittenfeld avance de  à Als. L'état-major prussien donne l'ordre de briser l' - le détroit qui sépare Als du Jutland - dans la nuit du 28 au , les éléments suivants sont utilisés pour traverser :

La  d'infanterie sous les ordres du lieutenant-général von Manstein

  d'infanterie  :  et  d'infanterie
  Goeben :  d'infanterie et  de la Landwehr

La  d'infanterie sous les ordres du lieutenant-général

  d'infanterie Canstein :  de fusiliers et
  d'infanterie Friedrich von Schmid :  et  d'infanterie

 à la pointe nord du détroit est choisi pour la traversée, car là-bas, on reste caché aux yeux des soldats danois par la forêt de Sottrup Stroskov. Le commandant d'Als, le colonel Peter Frederik Steinmann, a trois brigades :

 Brigade Faaberg avec les  et
 Brigade Bülow avec les  et
 Brigade Kaufmann avec les  et

Après que le commandant en chef prussien, le prince Frédéric-Charles a décidé de traverser le détroit à son embouchure nord, la grande concentration d'artillerie à Ballegaard n'est plus nécessaire. De Sonderburg à Arnkielsöre, les Danois construisent environ 10 à 12 retranchements de l'autre côté du détroit, dont les plus puissants sont ceux de Rönhof et d'Arnkiel. La division prussienne Manstein est désignée pour passer avec la  d'infanterie du général  à Satrupholz et entre en possession des batteries de Fohlenkoppel et de l'ouvrage avancé de Rönhof. Les  et  doivent d'abord être embarqués, puis les  et  ainsi que le . Plus tard, la division Manstein doit avancer vers Ulkebüll et Hörup pour empêcher les Danois de battre en retraite à travers la mer. La division Wintzingerode doit suivre lors de la deuxième traversée, avec la  d'infanterie en tête et dirigée vers Ulkebüll; derrière elle, la  d'infanterie doit suivre en réserve. Sur l'aile extrême gauche, près de Schnabeck-Hage, une puissante batterie a érigée pour empêcher la marine danoise d'entrer dans le détroit.

Déroulement de la bataille
Le  à 2 heures du matin, environ  commencent à traverser le détroit dans de petites embarcations. Le  danois  cause de grandes difficultés aux Prussiens et force les soldats à interrompre la traversée. L'opération ne peut se poursuivre qu'après qu'un canon prussien a touché le navire au niveau du pont, le forçant à rebrousser chemin. Le capitaine Rothe doit annuler sa mission au bout de deux heures et 116 coups de feu.

À , les premières troupes débarquent à  et peuvent prendre les positions danoises sous de violents bombardements. Un pont flottant peut être construit à partir d'ici pour permettre à plus de soldats de traverser. Après une bataille, Sønderborg et  peuvent également être conquis après une courte période. Les Danois restants doivent ensuite se retirer à , où les soldats se rendent aux Prussiens ou ont évacués par des navires. La brigade danoise Kaufmann, qui recule derrière Ulkebüll et prend position entre le fjord d'Augustenburg et la forêt méridionale, couvre la retraite des brigades Faaborg et Bülow vaincues. L'armée danoise a subi environ  dans cette bataille.

Monument d'Arnkiel
En 1872, le  est érigé sur l' à Arnkiel.

Bibliographie
 Emil Knorr: Von Alsen bis zum Frieden, Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1865
 Ferdinand Pflug: Der Deutsch-Dänische Krieg. J. J. Weber, 1865
 George Bruce: Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles .
 Theodor Fontane: Der Schleswig-Holsteinsche Krieg im Jahre 1864, Baltica-Verlag, Flensburg, 1999 .

Liens externes

 Représentation de la bataille sur un site Web danois sur l'histoire militaire danoise (en danois)

Références

Bataille de 1864
Bataille impliquant le royaume de Prusse

Bataille d'Als


Curt Hoffmann ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Curt Hoffmann (Politiker) (1897–1961), deutscher Politiker (FDP), MdL Schleswig-Holstein
Curt Hoffmann (Botaniker) (1898–1959), deutscher Botaniker

Siehe auch:
 Kurt Hoffmann

Curt Hoffmann


This is a list of aviation-related events from 1936:

Events
 The Royal Air Forces first monoplane bomber, the Avro Anson, enters service.
The German Luftwaffe begins experiments with helle Nachtjagd (abbreviated Henaja) techniques, the operation of night fighters with the aid of searchlights.
The Soviet aviator Valery Chkalov with two crew members makes a non-stop flight in a Tupolev ANT-25 to Udd Island in the Arctic.
 The Bureau of Air Commerce begins to develop a nationwide air traffic control system in the United States.
 The Curtiss-Wright Corporation reorganizes, amalgamating all manufacturing into the Curtiss-Wright Corporation, which builds aircraft, and the Wright Aeronautical Corporation, which builds aircraft engines.

January
 January 10 – The civil transport version of the Heinkel He 111 bomber is revealed in public for the first time at Berlin′s Tempelhof airport. Named Dresden, the He 111 V4 carries registration D-AHAO.
 January 12 – In the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, aircraft of the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) begin the Battle of Genale Doria by dropping two tons (1,814 kg) of mustard gas on Ethiopian positions.
 January 13–14 – Howard Hughes makes a record-breaking sprint across the United States from Burbank, California to Newark, New Jersey in 9 hours 26 minutes 10 seconds at an average speed of . He uses a Northrop Gamma specially fitted with a 1,000-hp (747-kW) Wright SR-1820-G2 radial engine.
 January 17 – The United States Army Air Corps orders 13 Boeing Y1B-17 Flying Fortresses, previously known by the manufacturer's designation, Model 299.
 January 20 – Italian troops take the Ethiopian town of Negele Boran without firing a shot. Its inhabitants have all fled after Italian aircraft drop 40 tons (36,288 kg) of bombs on the town during the Battle of Genale Doria.
 January 22 – Italian aircraft play a decisive role in the First Battle of Tembien, dropping mustard gas to defeat a promising offensive by Ethiopian forces.

February
 British Marine Aircraft Ltd. is established at Hamble, Hampshire to produce Sikorsky S-42-A flying boats under licence in the United Kingdom but nothing comes of it. The company subsequently will become Folland Aircraft Limited.
 Flying an Aeronca C-3, Helen Richey sets an international womens speed record for light planes, averaging  during a 51-minute flight covering .
 February 2 – Karl Lange makes a daring landing on the ice of Chesapeake Bay in the Goodyear Blimp Enterprise as part of a United States Army Air Corps operation to bring supplies by air to the residents of Virginia′s Tangier Island, who face starvation after a severe winter storm. Ships have been unable to reach the island because of ice in the bay.
 February 9 – After a one-hour, 54-mile (87-km)  flight from Langley Field, Virginia, a U.S. Army Air Corps 49th Bomb Squadron Keystone B-6A bomber drops  of supplies in  parcels to the residents of Tangier Island, flying at an altitude of not more than .
 February 10 – During the morning, two U.S. Army Air Corps 49th Bomb Squadron B-6A bombers make flights to drop supplies at very low altitudes at Tangier Island, and a third B-6A drops supplies at nearby Smith Island, Maryland. Two B-6As drop additional supplies at Tangier Island during the afternoon. Based on the success of the supply flights of February 9 and 10, the 49th Bomb Squadron will fly an additional 13 flights to drop supplies to the islands using Martin B-10B bombers.
 February 13 – Imperial Airways commences airmail services to West Africa.
 February 15 – Italian aircraft based at nearby Mek'ele, Ethiopia, maintain at least 12 aircraft over the battlefield all day during the Battle of Amba Aradam against Ethiopian troops. It is a forerunner of the World War II "cab rank" technique of keeping airborne aircraft continually on call over a battlefield to bomb enemy positions when needed.
 February 16–19 – On February 16, Marshal Pietro Badoglio orders Italian ground forces not to pursue Ethiopian forces after they begin to retreat from Amba Aradam and assigns the task of exploitation of Italys victory to the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica), a novel task for an air force. Italian aircraft drop 40 tons (36,288 kg) of bombs on retreating Ethiopian forces over the last four days of the battle with devastating effect, and on February 19 a strafing aircraft mortally wounds the Ethiopian military leader Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu, who dies eight days later.
 February 17 – The Australian airline Ansett Airways (the future Ansett Australia) begins flight operations. Its first flight is from Hamilton Airport in Victoria to Melbourne, using a Fokker Universal.
 February 27 – During the Second Battle of Tembien, Italian aircraft drop 200 tons (181 tonnes/metric tons) of high-explosive bombs on forming-up areas for Ethiopian troops and kill many Ethiopians fleeing the battlefield as they ford the Takkaze River.

March
 The Nazi Party requisitions the dirigibles Graf Zeppelin and Hindenburg to conduct leaflet-dropping propaganda flights over Germany to garner support for Hitlers planned remilitarization of the Rhineland.
 March 3–4 – Italian aircraft attack Ethiopian ground forces as they retreat across the Takkaze River, dropping mustard gas and 80 tons (72.6 tonnes/metric tons) of high-explosive and incendiary bombs. Thousands of Ethiopian troops are killed.
 March 23 – Imperial Airways begins scheduled flights between Hong Kong and Malaysia.
 March 26 – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, and his wife are killed in a plane crash at Zumpango, Mexico.
 March 28 – The U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics begins operational use of newly constructed 8-foot- (2.4-meter-) high speed tunnel (8-Foot HST) at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, Langley, Virginia.
 March 31 – During the Battle of Maychew, Italian aircraft bomb Ethiopian troops heavily, helping to blunt a major Ethiopian attack.

April
 The German Luftwaffe staff holds a war game which finds that German air rearmament thus far has been inadequate and that the Luftwaffe is inferior to the French Air Force.
 April 4 – Italian aircraft drop mustard gas and 73 tons (66.2 tonnes/metric tons) of high-explosive bombs on a force of 20,000 Ethiopian troops retreating across the plain of Lake Ashangi, killing thousands.
 April 7 – Transcontinental and Western Airways Flight 1, a Douglas DC-2, crashes into Cheat Mountain near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, while on approach to Allegheny County Airport in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, killing 12 of the 14 people on board.
 April 15 – Aer Lingus, the Republic of Irelands, national airline, is founded. It will begin flight operations in May.
 April 19 – Italian aircraft bomb Ethiopian forces attacking Italian troops at Birkut.

May
 Flying a light plane borrowed from sportsman Ben King, Helen Richey sets an international altitude record for aircraft weighing under , reaching  during a flight from Congressional Airport in Rockville, Maryland, to New Market, Virginia.
 May 4–7 – Amy Johnson sets a new England-South Africa speed record of 3 days 6 hours 26 minutes in a Percival Gull Six.
 May 5 – The Second Italo-Abyssinian War ends in an Italian conquest of Ethiopia as Italian forces enter Addis Ababa. Facing no opposition, the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) has played a decisive role in Italys victory in the eight-month war, but has engaged in a brutal campaign – in which Benito Mussolinis sons Vittorio and Bruno and son-in-law Count Ciano voluntarily participate – of indiscriminate terror bombing and widespread use of mustard gas.
 May 27 – Aer Lingus, the Republic of Ireland's national airline, begins flight operations. Its first flight is by the de Havilland 84 Dragon Iolar (registration EI-ABI) from Baldonnel Airfield in Dublin, Ireland, to Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport in England.

June
 June 3 – Generalleutnant Walther Wever, the first chief-of-staff of the restored German Luftwaffe and the main proponent for the new force to have the aircraft to perform strategic bombing, dies along with his flight engineer when the Heinkel He 70 he is piloting crashes on takeoff at Dresden, Germany from its gust locks remaining in place. Ironically, the very same day, the German RLM proposes the Bomber A specification and aircraft design competition, which leads directly to the beginnings of the He 177 Greif German heavy bomber project over a year later.
 June 10 – First timetabled service to Barra Airport (Scotland), on Traigh Mhòr beach, offered by Northern & Scottish Airways. The airport is officially licensed on August 7.
 June 16
The Norwegian Air Lines Junkers Ju 52 floatplane Havørn crashes into the mountain Lihesten in Hyllestad, Norway, killing all seven people on board. It is the first fatal aviation accident in Norway.
The United States Coast Guard Cutter George W. Campbell (WPG-32) is the first Treasury-class cutter commissioned. The Treasury-class cutters are the first United States Coast Guard ships capable of carrying an airplane (a Grumman J2F Duck, Curtiss SOC-4, or Waco J2W-1 seaplane).
 June 24 – Jean Piccard flies an unmanned transparent cellophane balloon designed by his students at the University of Minnesota for flights in the stratosphere at altitudes of . The balloon is  tall and is made of sixteen 33-foot-long (10-meter-long) tapered gores held together by a revolutionary new product: one-inch (2.54-cm) 3M Scotch transparent tape. On its first flight, the balloon floats at an altitude of  and in 10 hours travels over  to a point near Huntsville, Arkansas.
 June 26 – Piloted by Ewald Rohlfs, the world's first practical, fully controllable helicopter, the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, makes its first free flight.
 June 26–27 (overnight) – An aerial expedition in two Caproni Ca.133 bombers and an IMAM Ro.1 reconnaissance aircraft by Italian Royal Air Force Air Marshal Vincenzo Magliocco, Deputy Viceroy of Ethiopia, from Addis Ababa to contact Oromo leaders in southwestern Ethiopia about possible cooperation with Italy against Ethiopian guerrilla forces ends in disaster on its first night when Ethiopian guerrillas attack the Italians in their makeshift camp around their aircraft at the airfield at Nekemte. The guerillas burn all three aircraft and kill 12 of the 13 Italians, including Magliocco. The Italians later convert one of the wrecked Ca.133s into a war memorial.
 June 27 – The Luftwaffes chief of procurement Ernst Udet – the second-ranking German ace of World War I and a famous stunt pilot – takes the prototype of the Heinkel He 118 dive bomber up for a test flight, but mismanages propeller pitch settings during a dive, causing the plane to crash. Udet parachutes to safety, but the He 118 is destroyed.
 June 30 – The United States Senate's Copeland Committee releases its preliminary report, which harshly criticizes the Bureau of Air Commerce for providing insufficient funding for and maintenance of airway navigation aids in the United States.<ref>Nolan, M.S., Fundamentals of Air Traffic Control, Pacific Grove, California: Brooks Cole Publishing Company, 1999.</ref>

July
 July 14 – The British Royal Air Force is re-organised on functional grounds and RAF Fighter Command, RAF Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command, and RAF Training Command are established.
 July 17
 The Spanish Civil War breaks out, and the Republican (loyalist) and Nationalist (rebel) factions seize portions of the Spanish Air Force and of the aviation force of the Spanish Republican Navy. The Republicans end up with about 200 serviceable aircraft – including all the fighters – and 150 pilots, which form the basis of their Spanish Republican Air Force, while the Nationalists control less than 100 serviceable aircraft and 90 pilots, which form the basis for their National Aviation.
 Fairey Swordfish takes maiden flight.
 July 20 – One of the four leaders of the Nationalist uprising in Spain, General José Sanjurjo y Sacanell, dies in the crash on takeoff at Estoril, Portugal, of a light plane piloted by Juan Antonio Ansaldo while attempting to fly to Spain. He had insisted on overloading the plane with baggage so as to have the proper clothes to wear and on flying with Ansaldo instead of in a larger plane in order to make the flight with a "daring aviator." Ansaldo survives.
 July 29 – Germany and Italy become the first countries to provide aircraft for service in the Spanish Civil War, when 10 German Junkers Ju 52 transports land in Spanish Morocco for service with the Nationalist faction and nine Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers arrive in Spain for Nationalist service; three other SM.81s crash during the flight to Spain.
 July 29–August 5 – Ten, later increased to twenty, German Junkers Ju 52s ferry 1,500 Spanish Nationalist troops from Spanish Morocco to Spain in the worlds first major military airlift.
 July 31 – The Jersey Airways Saro A.19 Cloud amphibian airliner Cloud of Iona (registered G-ABXW) disappears during a stormy evening on a flight from Guernsey to Jersey in the Channel Islands with the loss of all ten people on board. An investigation determines that the plane had lost engine power, landed on the sea, and been swamped by waves.
 July 31–August 8 – France becomes the first country to supply aircraft to the Republican faction in Spain, delivering 70 planes, including Bloch MB.200s, Potez 54s, and Dewoitine D.371s.

August
 Germany begins sending four transport flights to Spain per week to support the Spanish Nationalist faction, It will continue to do so for over two years.
 August 1 – Ten more German Junkers Ju 52 transports and six Heinkel He 51 fighters arrive at Cadiz for service with the Spanish Nationalist faction.
 4 August – A demonstration of gliding at the 1936 Summer Olympics takes place at Berlin-Staaken airfield. Fourteen pilots from seven countries take part.
 August 5 – Five Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers are among aircraft covering a convoy of merchant ships carrying 3,000 Nationalist soldiers and their equipment from Spanish Morocco to Spain.
 August 6 – German Junkers Ju 52 transports begin a schedule of airlifting 500 Nationalist troops a day from Spanish Morocco to Spain. Nationalist leader Francisco Franco himself makes the flight on August 6.
 August 9 – Six aircraft support a Republican seizure of Ibiza.
 August 10 – A Nationalist ground column under Colonel Juan Yagüe y Blanco captures Mérida, Spain, after advancing  in less than a week. Nine German Junkers Ju 52s and eight Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81s have given the column local air superiority, while a civilian aeroclub from Seville has provided aerial reconnaissance and in one instance forced Republican militiamen to abandon their positions by dropping melons on them.
 August 13 – A Nationalist air raid off Málaga damages the Republican battleship Jaime I.
 August 16 – Seaplanes from Barcelona support a Republican landing on Majorca. In reaction, three Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers, three Italian Fiat CR.32 fighters, and various Spanish Nationalist aircraft are sent to be based on the island. The presence of the CR.32s precludes any further Republican air attacks on Majorca.
 August 23 – Nationalist aircraft bomb the airport at Getafe, Spain.
 August 25 – Nationalist aircraft bomb Cuatro Vientos Airport in Madrid, Spain.
 August 27–29 – German Junkers Ju 52s supporting the Nationalists bomb Madrid. They damage the Ministry of War on August 29. It is the first terror bombing of a large city since World War I.

September
 The Uruguayan airline PLUNA is founded. It will begin flight operations in November.
 September 2 – Flying the Lady Peace, a Vultee V-1A filled with 41,000 ping pong balls to help it remain afloat if it is forced down at sea, Dick Merrill and Harry Richman begin the first transatlantic round trip by air, taking off from Floyd Bennett Field in New York City on what becomes known as the "Ping Pong Flight." They arrive at Llandeilo, Wales, 18 hours 36 minutes later, setting a new record for the fastest transatlantic crossing. The following day, they fly on to London's Croydon Airport. They will fly the return leg on September 14.
 September 3 – Nationalist aircraft on Majorca support a counteroffensive against Republican invaders, demoralizing them and sparking a precipitous Republican retreat from the island, which will become an important Nationalist base for the remainder of the Spanish Civil War.
 September 4–5 – English-born aviator Beryl Markham makes the first east-to-west solo transatlantic flight by a woman, in her Percival Vega Gull The Messenger, from RAF Abingdon at Abingdon-on-Thames in England to Baleine Cove on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada, where engine failure forces her to crash-land. She also becomes the first person to make a non-stop east-to-west solo transatlantic flight to North America originating in England. The 2,612-mile (4,206-km) flight takes her 21 hours 35 minutes at an average speed of r).
 September 5 – The Bendix Trophy race from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, to Mines Field in Los Angeles, California, takes place, with nine men and six women competing. The team of Louise Thaden and Blanche Noyes wins in a Beechcraft C-17 Staggerwing, Laura Ingalls places second flying a Lockheed Orion 9D Special, and the team of Amelia Earhart and Helen Richey finishes fifth in a Lockheed 10E Electra. Joe Jacobsons Northrop Gamma 2A catches fire and crashes near Stafford, Kansas, but he parachutes to safety.
 September 6 – Italian aircraft arriving in Majorca establish a Nationalist bombing capability against Republican Spain.
 September 11 – Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev of the Soviet Union at the controls sets a payload-to-altitude record of  to .
 September 14 – Dick Merrill and Harry Richman fly the return leg of the "Ping Pong Flight" begun on September 2, taking off from Southport, England, in the Vultee V-1A Lady Peace, filled with 41,000 ping pong balls to keep it afloat if it is forced down in the ocean. After Richman panics during a storm and dumps 500 gallons of fuel, leaving then unable to reach New York City, Merrill safely makes a forced landing later in the day in a soft bog at Musgrave Harbour in the Dominion of Newfoundland. After minor repairs and refueling, they fly on to New York City on September 21, completing the first transatlantic round trip by air in history.
 September 16 – A Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev at the controls sets a payload-to-altitude record of  to .
 September 19 – Tom Campbell Black is killed while waiting to take off at Speke Airport in Liverpool, England, when a Royal Air Force Hawker Hart light bomber of No. 611 Squadron taxiing after landing collides with his Percival Mew Gull (registration G-AEKL).
 September 20 – A Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev at the controls set a payload-to-altitude record of  to .
 September 28 – Flying the Bristol Type 138A, Royal Air Force Squadron Leader F. R. D. Swain takes off from Farnborough, England, and sets a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale-homologated world altitude record of . He lands at Netheravon.
 September 30 – The German airlift of Spanish Nationalist troops from Spanish Morocco to Spain ends after 677 flights carrying 12,000 men in August and September. The airlift will be one of the most decisive factors in the eventual Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War.

October
 October 1 – C. W. A. Scott and Giles Guthrie win the Schlesinger Race from England to Johannesburg, South Africa, flying Vega Gull G-AEKE landing at Rand Airport on 1 October 1936. The aircraft left Portsmouth 52 hours 56 minutes 48 seconds earlier. Out of the original 14 entries to the race Scott and Guthrie are the only ones to finish, winning the 10,000 pounds prize money.
 October 12 – Nationalist aircraft sink the Republican submarine B-5 off the coast of Spain near Málaga.
 October 19 – H. R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram, wins a race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights, beating Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal and Leo Kieran of The New York Times. The flight takes 18 days.
 October 21 – Pan American World Airways initiates the first transpacific airline service for paying passengers with six-day-a-week passenger service between San Francisco, California, and Manila in the Philippine Islands via Honolulu, Hawaii.Mondey, David, ed., The Complete Illustrated History of the Worlds Aircraft, Secaucus, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1978, , p. 34.
 October 25 – The United States Navys first aircraft carrier, , is decommissioned for conversion into a seaplane tender, redesignated AV-3.
 October 28 – Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev of the Soviet Union at the controls sets a payload-to-altitude record of  to .
 October 29 – Soviet aircraft appear in combat for the first time in the Spanish Civil War as Alcantarilla-based Tupolev SB-2 bombers with Soviet pilots and Spanish bombardiers and gunners bomb Seville in support of Republican forces. On the same day, Nationalist forces begin a heavy bombing campaign against Madrid.

November
 November 1 – Central Airlines and Pennsylvania Airlines merge to form Pennsylvania Central Airlines.
 November 3 – New Soviet Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighters fly their first missions of the Spanish Civil War, supporting Republican forces. Their superior performance will allow the Republican side to gain air superiority over Nationalist forces.
 November 4 – Soviet fighters see combat for the first time in the Spanish Civil War, when Polikarpov I-15s led by Pavel Rychagov disperse a squadron of Fiat CR.32 fighters escorting Junkers Ju 52 bombers over Madrid, shooting two CR.32s and two Ju 52s, and forcing a third Ju 52 and a Heinkel two-seater aircraft to crash-land without loss to themselves. Over the next two days, the Soviet pilots claim 12 more aerial victories in exchange for the loss of two I-15s.Thomas, Hugh, The Spanish Civil War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986, , pp. 470-471.
 November 6 – The German Luftwaffes Condor Legion, a force of about 100 aircraft, begins to depart Germany for Seville, Spain, to support Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War.Thomas, Hugh, The Spanish Civil War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986, , p. 469.
 November 8–23 – Soviet aircraft play an important role in the Republican defense of Madrid.
 November 12 – The Congress of the Philippines passes the Civil Aviation Law of the Philippines, creating the country's Bureau of Aeronautics.
 November 15–17 – The German Condor Legion sees its first action of the Spanish Civil War, supporting Nationalist forces fighting to take Madrid.
 November 16 – Flying a Polikarpov I-15 fighter, future Soviet Air Forces ace Pavel Rychagov is shot down during a dogfight with Fiat CR.32s over Madrid. He survives and returns to duty.
 November 19 – The Uruguayan airline PLUNA begins flight operations.
 November 19–22 – Curious to see the reaction of a civilian population to an attempt to systematically destroy its city by bombing, officers of the German Condor Legion supporting Francisco Francos desire to bomb Madrid into surrendering oversee a bombing campaign by German Junker Ju 52s and Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81s that kills 150 people in the city. It is the heaviest bombing ever carried out against a city up to that time.
 November 28 – Thus far in the Spanish Civil War, Italy has sent about 24 Fiat CR.32 fighters, 19 Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers, and some IMAM Ro.37 reconnaissance aircraft to support the Nationalists.

December
 The British Empires Empire Air Mail Scheme, in which Imperial Airways carries all first-class mail by air, begins its first service, flying from Alexandria, Egypt.
 December 6 – Nationalist aircraft bomb Barcelona, Spain.
 December 7 – The Latécoère 300 flying boat Croix du Sud ("Southern Cross") disappears at sea after its pilot, Jean Mermoz, reports engine trouble. The Latécoère 300 entire crew is lost without trace.
 December 8 – Spanish Republican pilots flying Soviet-made fighters shoot down a plane carrying International Red Cross envoy Georges Henny over northern Spain while Henny is carrying a report on the Paracuellos massacre of Nationalists by Republicans that he intends to present to the League of Nations. The crash badly injures Henny, preventing his report to the League, and fatally injures the French Paris Soir correspondent Louis Delaprée.
 December 9 – A Dutch KLM Douglas DC-2 airliner crashes shortly after takeoff from Croydon Airfield in England. Among the dead are Juan de la Cierva y Cordoniu, inventor of the autogyro, and the Swedish admiral, industrialist, and politician Arvid Lindman.
 December 12 – Seven Royal Air Force Handley Page Heyford bombers of No. 102 Squadron flying from RAF Aldergrove in Northern Ireland to RAF Finningley in Yorkshire encounter fog and icing conditions over England as they approach Finningley. One crew bails out when their Heyford becomes uncontrollable, two other Heyfords also crash, and three of the aircraft make forced landings; only one bomber reaches its destination. Three airmen die, one is seriously injured, and two are slightly injured in the disaster.
 December 15 – A Western Air Express Boeing 247 crashes just below Hardy Ridge on Lone Peak near Salt Lake City, Utah, with the major parts of the aircraft hurled over the ridge and falling over a thousand feet (300 meters) into a basin below. All seven people on board die.
 December 21 – Eddie August Schneider, Bert Acosta, and Frederic Ives Lord, as the Yankee Squadron, travel by ship to fight in the Spanish Civil War with the Loyalists.
 December 27 – United Airlines Trip 34, a Boeing 247D, crashes at the head of Rice Canyon in Los Angeles County, California, killing all 12 people on board.
 December 28 – Deutsche Werke lays the keel of Germanys first aircraft carrier, designated Carrier A, at Kiel. Later renamed Graf Zeppelin, she will never be completed.
 December 29 – Compañía Aeronáutica Uruguaya S.A. (CAUSA) founded by the Uruguayan banker Luis J. Supervielle and Coronel Tydeo Larre Borges. Its initial fleet is two Junkers Ju 52 floatplanes, which begin service between Montevideo, Uruguay, and Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 December 31 – The Five-Power Treaty (often referred to as the Washington Naval Treaty) of 1922 expires, lifting all international restrictions on the make-up of the French, Italian, Japanese, British Royal, and United States navies, including the size of their aircraft carrier fleets and the characteristics of their individual aircraft carriers.

 First flights
 Aichi F1A
 Bellanca XSOE
 Focke-Wulf Fw 57
 Kawasaki Ki-28
 Nakajima Ki-12
 Piaggio P.23R
 Piaggio P.32
 Yokosuka H5Y (Allied reporting name "Cherry")
 Spring 1936 – Henschel Hs 124
 Late 1936 – Ilyushin I-21

January
 January 4 - Vought XSB2U-1 BuNo 9725

February
February 14
Hawker Hector
Heinkel He 118

March
 March 4 – German airship LZ 129 Hindenburg
 March 5 – Supermarine Spitfire prototype K5054 March 10 – Fairey Battle prototype K4303 March 17 – Armstrong Whitworth Whitley prototype K4586 March 27 – Fokker D.XXI prototype FD-322
 March 29 – Vought V-141
 March 31 – Ilyushin TsKB-30, prototype of the Ilyushin DB-3

April
 Beriev Be-2
 April 15 – Brewster XSBA-1, prototype of the Naval Aircraft Factory SBN
 April 25 – Potez 630

May
 Farman F.480 Alizé
 Mitsubishi Ki-15 (Allied reporting name "Babs")
 May 11 – Bristol Type 138
 May 12 – Messerschmitt Bf 110
 May 14 – Miles M.11 Whitney Straight G-AECT May 27 – Fairey Seafox

June
 Mitsubishi F1M (Allied reporting name "Pete")
 June 2 - LACAB GR.8
 June 15
Vickers Wellington prototype K4049Westland Lysander prototype K6127 June 21 - Handley Page Hampden prototype K4240 June 25 - Bristol Blenheim prototype K7033 June 26 - Focke-Wulf Fw 61 D-EBVU, first fully controllable helicopter

July
[fairey swordfish]
 July 3 – Short Empire prototype RMA Canopus July 14 – Kawanishi H6K (Allied reporting name "Mavis")
 July 25 – Lioré et Olivier LeO H-47

August
 Henschel Hs 126
 August 22 – Miles M.12 Mohawk G-AEKWSeptember
 September 12
Miles M.8 Peregrine
Nakajima Ki-34 (Allied reporting name "Thora")

October
 Blohm & Voss Ha 139
 October 10 – Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow
 October 15 – Nakajima Ki-27 (Allied reporting names "Nate" and "Abdul")
 October 18 - Hawks Miller HM-1 Time Flies October 28 - Dornier Do 19

December
 Mitsubishi Ki-21 (Allied reporting name "Sally")
 December 13 - PZL.37 Łoś
 December 21 - Junkers Ju 88 V1 prototype D-AQEN December 22 - North American XB-21 s/n 38-485
 December 27 - Petlyakov TB-7, redesignated the Petlyakov Pe-8 in 1942

 Entered service
 Grigorovich IP-1 with the Soviet Air Forces
 Hall PH-2 with the United States Coast Guard
 Henschel Hs 122 with the German Luftwaffe Ilyushin DB-3 with the Soviet Air Forces
 Potez 452 with French Naval Aviation
 Late summer 1936 – Arado Ar 68 with I Gruppe Jadggeschwader 134 "Horst Wessel" in German Luftwaffe Autumn 1936 – Henschel Hs 123 with Sturzkampfgeschwader 162 in the German Luftwaffe''.

January
 Hawker Hind with the Royal Air Force
 Grumman F2F with the United States Navy
 January 29 – Grumman F3F, last biplane fighter to enter service with the United States Navy

February
 Northrop A-17 with the United States Army Air Corps

March
 Saro London with the Royal Air Force
 March 6 – Avro Anson with No. 48 Squadron, Royal Air Force

June
 Farman F.221 with the French Air Force

July
 Fairey Swordfish with No. 825 Squadron FAA

August
 Aichi E10A with the Imperial Japanese Navy

October
 October 30 – Short S.23 Empire with Imperial Airways (first revenue flight)

November
 Fairey Hendon with No. 38 Squadron RAF

Retirements

December
 Armstrong Whitworth Argosy by British Airways Ltd.

References

Aviation by year

1936 in aviation


Belören, Yüreğir - Adana ili Yüreğir ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Belören, Kahta - Adıyaman ili Kâhta ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Bucak - Burdur ili Bucak ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Ilgaz - Çankırı ili Ilgaz ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Bayat - Çorum ili Bayat ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Oğuzeli - Gaziantep ili Oğuzeli ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Belören, İnebolu - Kastamonu ili İnebolu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Küre - Kastamonu ili Küre ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Gerze - Sinop ili Gerze ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Boğazlıyan - Yozgat ili Boğazlıyan ilçesine bağlı köy
 Belören, Kadışehri - Yozgat ili Kadışehri ilçesine bağlı

Belören


Yaşlanmayla birlikte bedenin fizyolojik özelliklerine uygun egzersiz programları geliştirilerek hem yaşlanmayla ve hareketsizlikle kişinin gündelik yaşamına etki eden engelleyici faktörleri ortadan kaldırmak hem de vücudun daha sağlıklı, hastalıklara karşı daha dirençli olmasını sağlamak bilimsel bakımdan mümkün görülmektedir. Bu nedenle hayatın her safhasında olduğu kadar yaşlılıkta da egzersiz önerilmektedir.

Yaşlılıkta kas tonusu
Yaşla beraber kas lifi ve boyutu ile toplam kas lif sayısının azalmasından dolayı kas gücü ve fonksiyonunda %40 azalma görülür. Buna hareketsizlik ve birtakım hastalıklar da eklenince en küçük fiziksel güç gerektiren hareketlerde bile başarısızlık ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Ancak uzman kontrolünde yapılacak egzersizlerle birlikte kas gücü ve fonksiyonundaki azalma yavaşlatılabilir hatta geriye çekilebilir. Yapılan araştırmalar egzersiz yapan yaşlı insanların kas gücü ve fonksiyonunun egzersiz yapmayan gençlerden daha yüksek olabildiğini göstermektedir.

Egzersiz programı
Genel olarak egzersizlerden beklenen amaçlar yaşlılıkta verilen egzersizlerden de aynı şekilde beklenmekte ancak bunlara yaşlıların durumlarıyla ilgili bir iki özellik daha eklenmektedir. Bunlar;

 Eklem esnekliğini arttırmak
 Kas gücü ve dayanıklılığını arttırmak
 Kardiyovasküler dayanıklılığı arttırmak
 Kemik mineral yoğunluğunu arttırmak
 Günlük aktiviteleri uygulamak için gerekli olan enerjiyi arttırmak
 Hastalıktan iyileşmeyi çabuklaştırmak ve stresle daha kolay başa çıkabilmek
 Diğer insanlarla bütünleşebilmek için fırsat oluşturmak
 Yaşlıyı daha mutlu kılmak

Egzersizin Yaşlı Üzerindeki Etkileri

 Reaksiyon zamanını azaltır
 Kas kitlesini arttırır
 Kemik kitlesini arttırır
 Mental zindelik sağlar
 İmmün fonksiyonları düzeltir
 Ağrının azalmasına yardımcıdır
 Kırık riskini azaltır
 Obezite, diyabet, hipertansiyon ve hiperlipidemiyi olumlu olarak etkiler

Egzersiz Türleri
Kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri : yaşlılarda büyük kas gruplarına (Ön-üst bacak"Kuadriseps", Üst-arka bacak "Hamstring" ve karın kasları)yönelik olarak uygulanır. Süre 20-30 dakika kadardır ve 60 dakikayı geçmemelidir. Egzersizler Haftada 2 kez 8-15 tekrar ve 1-3 set veya haftada 3 kez 2 set 8-10 tekrar verilir. Egzersiz öncesi esneme egzersizleri 5 darika yürüme gibi ısınma hareketleri önerilebilir.

Aerobik Egzersizler : Egzersizin yoğunluğu kişinin maksimum kalp hızının %50'sini aşmaması ve iki haftada bir %5 arttırılması ancak yoğunluğunun %70'inin üzerine hiçbir zaman çıkılmaması gerekir. Egzersiz esnasında konuşma güçlüğü çekiliyorsa egzersizin yoğunluğu fazla demektir. Yorgunluk, kas ve eklem zorlaması, stres oluşuyorsa egzersize son verilir. Toplam süre haftada 3 gün 20-30 dakikadır ve egzersiz öncesi ısınma ve esneme, sonrası soğuma egzersizlerine yer verilmelidir.

Pilates Egzersizleri : İzometrik ve izotonik hareketleri birleştiren bir egzersiz çeşididir. Kasları germe ve solunum ile birlikte yapılan Pilates gövde kaslarını güçlendirir, eklem mobilitesini, denge ve koordinasyonu artırır.

Egzersiz Yapılmaması Gereken Durumlar

 Kardiyak hastalığı (miyokard infarktüsü, aritmi, kontrolsüz hipertansiyon vb.)
 Pulmoner hipertansiyon
 Yeni geçirilmiş derin ven trombozu
 Obstrüktif ve restriktif akciğer hastalığı
 Ağır kas-iskelet sistemi hastalığı
 Psikojenik bozukluğu olan hastalar

Kaynakça

 Yaşlılıkta Egzersiz ve Spor
 Fiziksel Aktivite ve Yaşlanma
 Yaşlılarda Egzersiz Uyfulamasının Genel İlkeleri
 Yaşlanma ile Kastaki Değişimler, Beslenme ve Egzersiz (Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2005; 8 (1): 37-4)

Ayrıca bakınız
 Ağırlık antrenmanı
 Egzersiz fizyolojisi
 Vücut Geliştirme

Dış bağlantılar
 Yaşlanma ve egzersiz
 Yaşlılar için egzersiz
 www.cfah.org

Egzersiz
Egzersiz

Yaşlılıkta egzersiz


Tom et Nelly ist eine zwischen 1955 und 1958 erschienene frankobelgische Comicserie.

Handlung
Tom und Nelly reißen 1899 aus einem Londoner Waisenhaus aus und werden Zeugen historischer Ereignisse.

Hintergrund
Octave Joly begann die Serie im Auftrag der World Press von Georges Troisfontaines. Die ersten 23 Seiten enthielten jeweils drei Bildstreifen. Die Seitenaufteilung wurde dann auf vier Bildstreifen geändert. Der Zeichner dieser Geschichte war Albert Uderzo, der die Zusammenarbeit auf Seite 38 beendete. Für die restlichen Seiten war José Bielsa zuständig, der auch die nächsten zwei Abenteuer nach den Vorgaben von Joly ausführte.

Veröffentlichungen
Die erste Geschichte erschien in Risque-Tout, die beiden nächsten Episoden in Spirou.

Geschichten
 1955–1956: Enfants du siècle (Risque-Tout, 43 Seiten)
 1957: Soleil levant contre aigle noir (Spirou, 43 Seiten)
 1957–1958: Terreur à San Francisco (Spirou, 46 pages)

Weblinks
 Tom et Nelly in Spirou auf bdoubliees.com (französisch)

Frankobelgischer Comic (Werk)

Tom et Nelly


Veronica Fontana, née en 1651 à Parme et morte en 1690 à Bologne, est une artiste italienne. Elle se consacra en particulier à la gravure, à la xylographie et à la décoration de livres.

Biographie
Veronica Fontana naît à Parme mais vit à Bologne. Élève de son père, le graveur Domenico Maria Fontana, dont elle apprend notamment les techniques de la sculpture sur bois, elle fréquente ensuite l'école bolonaise d'art pour femmes, dirigée par Elisabetta Sirani, où elle apprend le dessin et la peinture.

Elle se consacre à la gravure de figures sur cuivre ou sur bois, en se spécialisant dans la xylographie, et en particulier à la décoration des publications de l'époque, réalisant de nombreux frontispices et illustrations de textes scientifiques et religieux. Artiste totalement autonome, elle prend la relève du graveur Giovanni Francesco Cassioni, exécutant des œuvres complètes, c'est-à-dire à la fois la gravure proprement dite et l'ébauche du dessin (c'est-à-dire la ligne à suivre pour graver).

Très estimée, elle a pour élèves Giulio Cesare Venenti et le comte Berò.

Elle est également représentée dans de nombreuses œuvres de l'artiste bolonais Giuseppe Maria Moretti (Bologne, 1659-1746), qui est amoureux d'elle  : son père refuse qu'elle se marie, prétextant qu'il veut retourner avec elle à Parme.

Veronica meurt de la tuberculose à Bologne.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .
 .

Liens externes

Naissance en 1651
Naissance à Parme
Décès en 1690
Décès à Bologne
Graveur italien du XVIIe siècle
Graveuse italienne
Graveur sur bois

Veronica Fontana


CCP hf eller CCP Games (Crowd Control Productions) er en islandsk computerspilsudvikler og -udgiver, som er majoritetsejet af selskabets ansatte og stiftere, Novator Partners og den amerikanske investeringsfond General Catalyst Partners. CCP er bedst kendt for at producere spillet Eve Online.

Historie
CCP blev grundlagt i juni 1997 af Reynir Harðarson, Þórólfur Beck og Ívar Kristjánsson med det at formål at skabe MMORPGs. For at finansiere den indledende udvikling af Eve Online, udviklede og udgav CPP et brætspil ved navn Hættuspil ("Danger Game") i Island. Spillet solgte i mere end 10.000 eksemplarer til Islands 80.000 husstande. I april 2000 rejste selskabet under ledelse af administrerende direktør Sigurður Arnljótsson $2,6 millioner fra private islandske investorer, herunder det islandske telefonselskab Síminn, gennem en lukket tilbudsrunde arrangeret af Kaupthing Bank (nu Arion banki). Under Arnljótssons tid i selskabet fra 1999 til 2002 rejste CPP to runder af finansieringen, og sikrede sig en kontrakt med spilvirksomheden Simon & Schuster Interactive. Cirka halvdelen af de oprindelige 21 medarbejdere blev hentet fra det islandske dot-com-selskab OZ Interactive.

2011: Omstrukturering
I kølvandet på udgivelsen af Incarna-udvidelsen til Eve Online og efterfølgende protester fra Eve Online spillere, meddelte CCP at det havde besluttet at omprioritere og flytte sit fokus fra selskabets World of Darkness MMO tilbage til dets EVE Universe produkter, Eve Online og Dust 514. Omstruktureringen resulterede i afskedigelser af 20% af CCP's medarbejdere verden over. Afskedigelserne ramte hovedsageligt virksomhedens afdeling i Atlanta, USA, men også flere stillinger i CCP's hovedkontor i Reykjavík blev berørt. På trods af de betydelige nedskæringer hævder CCP at udviklingen af Eve Online er stærkere end nogensinde, og at selskabet vil fortsætte med at vokse.  I oktober 2015 meddelte CCP, at have solgt White Wolf-licensen, deriblandt World of Darkness og Vampire: The Masquerade til det svenske Paradox Interactive.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Computerspilsvirksomheder fra Island
Etableret i 1997

CCP Games


Le parc de Lapinlahti (en ) est un parc du quartier de Kamppi au centre d'Helsinki en Finlande.

Situation
Le parc de Lapinlahti est situé dans le triangle délimité par les rues Lapinlahdenkatu, Eerikinkatu et Albertinkatu.

Comme de nombreux autres parcs triangulaires du centre-ville d'Helsinki, dont le  bosquet des enfants voisin, le parc de Lapinlahti est situé à l'intersection de deux zones de plans hippodamiens divergents.

La sculpture Ihminen nousee roskalaatikosta de l'artiste letton Oskars Mikans, représentant , y a été érigée en 2001.

Transports
Les bus des lignes 20 et 30  desservent l'arrêt Lapinlahden puistikko.

Galerie

Références

Liens internes
Liste des parcs d'Helsinki
 Centre-ville d'Helsinki

Parc ou jardin public à Helsinki
Kamppi

Parc de Lapinlahti


Zehneria , biljni rod iz porodice Cucurbitaceae, smješten u tribus Benincaseae. Postoji 68 priznatih vrsta rasprostranjenih po suhaharskoj Africi (sa Madagaskarom),  na jugu Azije od Arapskog poluotoka na istok do Japana, te na australskom kontinentu

To su penjačice zeljastih stabljika, koje kad ostare odrvene.

Vrste

 Zehneria alba Ridl.
 Zehneria angolensis Hook.f.
 Zehneria anomala C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria backeri (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
 Zehneria baueriana Endl.
 Zehneria bodinieri (H.Lév.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria boholensis (Merr.) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria brevirostris W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria capillacea (Schumach.) C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria clemensiae (Merr. & L.M.Perry) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria cunninghamii F.Muell.
 Zehneria elbertii W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria emirnensis (Baker) Keraudren
 Zehneria erythrobacca W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria filipes (Merr. & L.M.Perry) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria gilletii (De Wild.) C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria grandibracteata G.W.Hu, Neng Wei & Q.F.Wang
 Zehneria guamensis (Merr.) Fosberg
 Zehneria hallii C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria hermaphrodita W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria hookeriana (Wight & Arn.) Arn.
 Zehneria idenburgensis (Merr. & L.M.Perry) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria immarginata W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H.Y.Liu
 Zehneria keayana R.Fern. & A.Fern.
 Zehneria lancifolia (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
 Zehneria leucocarpa (Blume) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria longiflora G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang
 Zehneria macrantha (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
 Zehneria macrosepala (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
 Zehneria madagascariensis Keraudren
 Zehneria marlothii (Cogn.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
 Zehneria martinez-crovettoi Keraudren
 Zehneria maysorensis Arn.
 Zehneria microsperma Hook.f.
 Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria monocarpa G.W.Hu, Ngumbau & Q.F.Wang
 Zehneria mucronata (Blume) Miq.
 Zehneria neocaledonica W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria nesophila (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
 Zehneria odorata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Benth.) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria oligosperma C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria pallidinervia (Harms) C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria parvifolia (Cogn.) J.H.Ross
 Zehneria pedicellata W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria peneyana (Naudin) Schweinf. & Asch.
 Zehneria pentaphylla (Naudin) M.D.Dwivedi, A.K.Pandey & H.Schaef.
 Zehneria perrieri Keraudren
 Zehneria pisifera W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria platysperma (W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
 Zehneria polycarpa (Cogn.) Keraudren
 Zehneria racemosa Hook.f.
 Zehneria repanda (Blume) C.M.Simmons
 Zehneria ridens Verdc.
 Zehneria rutenbergiana (Cogn.) Keraudren
 Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.
 Zehneria somalensis Thulin
 Zehneria sphaerosperma W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria subcoriacea Y.D.Zhou & Q.F.Wang
 Zehneria tahitensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria tenuispica W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria thwaitesii (Schweinf.) C.Jeffrey
 Zehneria trichocarpa W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria tridactyla (Hook.f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
 Zehneria trullifolia W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria tuberifera G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang
 Zehneria viridifolia W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Zehneria wallichii (C.B.Clarke) C.Jeffrey

Sinonimi
 Anangia W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Cucurbitula (M.Roem.) Post & Kuntze
 Neoachmandra W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
 Pilogyne Eckl. ex Schrad.

Izvori

Tikvovke

Zehneria


Maldita calle es una película del año 2003.

Sinopsis
Un recorrido entre las calles y las declaraciones de unos tristes protagonistas: los niños de la calle de Tetuán y Tánger (Marruecos). Serán ellos los que nos descubran sus problemas y desgracias, sus sueños, sus miedos. Y una mirada vigila, habla, nos descubre los entresijos de la sociedad marroquí. Son los ojos y las palabras de alguien que fue niño de la calle, el escritor Mohamed Churkri. Autor para muchos malditos, para nosotros, bendita su obra.

Premios
 Mejor documental Docúpolis 2003
 Mejor documental Cajamadrid 2003
 Mejor documental Festival de Elche 2003
 Mejor documental Festival de Cine de Irún
 Mejor documental Festival de Cine de Pamplona.

Referencias

Películas ambientadas en Tánger

Maldita calle


رجال تحت الطربوش مسلسل سوري من إخراج المخرج هشام شربتجي.

القصة
يتناول المسلسل علاقة الرجل بالمرأة سواء أكانت زوجة أو أختًا أو صديقة وخاصةً عند الشريحة المثقفة التي تدعي احترام المرأة وحقها بالمساواة مع الرجل في الحقوق والواجبات، على الصعيد النظري ولكنهم عمليًا عكس ذلك تمامًا. إنها قصة التواطؤ الضمني بين المرأة وذاتها ضد ذاتها.

الممثلون
 خالد تاجا بدور عماد
 نادين
 كاريس بشار بدور صيدلانية
 ديما بياعة
 سامر المصري
 روعة ياسين
 مها المصري
 نسرين طافش
 عبد الحكيم قطيفان
 عبد الهادي صباغ
 لينا حوارنة

المصادر

مسلسلات تلفزيونية سورية

رجال تحت الطربوش (مسلسل)


Blocul Moldovenesc a fost facțiunea majoritară constituită în cadrul primului parlament al Basarabiei, Sfatul Țării. În structura sa au intrat în mare parte deputații moldoveni delegați de Congresului Militarilor Moldoveneni,  și de alte diverse grupări sau partide politice (Partidul Național Moldovenesc, o parte dintre delegații Consiliului Gubernial al țăranilor, ai altor organizații obștești, culturale și profesionale) care s-au pronunțat pentru emanciparea politică și națională a Basarabiei.

Membrii Blocului Moldovenesc, conduși de ministrul de externe Ioan Pelivan, aveau o atitudine pro-română.

Facțiunea, în rândul căreia s-au aflat 75-80 de deputați din totalul de 156 ai Sfatului, a jucat un rol decisiv în procesul de votare a autonomiei, independenței și ulterior a unirii cu Regatul României, a Basarabiei.

Modalitatea de acțiune a Blocului a fost unitară. Liderul facțiunii în Sfatul Țării a fost deputatul Vasile Cijevschi.

Note
  Acest congres al soldaților a avut loc la 20 octombrie/2 noiembrie - 27 octombrie/9 noiembrie 1917 la Chișinău, la el participând 800 de delegați ai celor peste 250.000 de soldați moldoveni de pe toate fronturile. Acest congres a proclamat autonomia teritorială și politică a Basarabiei, constituirea unor forțe armate proprii, precum și convocarea unui organ reprezentativ, cu scopul ca acesta să conducă Basarabia (Sfatul Țării).

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Negrei, Ion; Constantin Stere – deputat în Sfatul Țării al Basarabiei; Akademos 2/2005, Republica Moldova; pp. 18–24
 Popa, Vasile; Primul pas spre Marea Unire ; Document – Buletinul Arhivelor Militare Române, Anul I Nr. 4/1998; pp. 4–10

Sfatul Țării
Republica Democratică Moldovenească
Revoluția Rusă
Marea Unire

Blocul Moldovenesc


Mondros, Ege Denizi'nde Limni adasında bir yerleşim.

Mondros ayrıca şu anlamlara gelebilir:

 Mondros Deniz Muharebesi - 1913 yılındaki çatışma
 Mondros Mütarekesi - I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası Osmanlı'nın imzaladığı ateşkes

Mondros (anlam ayrımı)


Le championnat de Serie B 2021-2022 est la  édition sous forme de poule unique de la deuxième division italienne.

Participants
Les promus sont, Côme 1907 qui fait son retour en Serie B après 5 ans d'absence, AC Pérouse revient après une année, Ternana Calcio après 3 années et l'US Alexandrie après 46 années.

Les relégués de Serie A sont Benevento Calcio et FC Crotone  qui font leur retour après seulement une saison dans l'élite. Parme Calcio 1913 revient après trois années en Serie A.

Le Chievo Vérone exclu en raison de problèmes financiers à la fin de la saison précédente, permet le repêchage de Cosenza Calcio.

A l'issue de la saison l'US Lecce termine à la première place et retrouve la Serie A après deux saisons, le vice-champion, l'US Cremonese, retrouve la première division après 26 années.

Compétition

Classement

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|}
 Reggina 1914 a deux points de pénalité.

Barrages pour l'accession en Serie A

 En cas d'égalité, le club avec le meilleur classement en saison régulière est déclaré vainqueur.

 Demi-finales et finale en matchs aller - retour.

Barrages pour le maintien

|}
 Cosenza se maintient en Serie B.

Notes et références

 Site officiel

2021-2022
Football M2
Italie M2
Championnat M2

Championnat d'Italie de football de deuxième division 2021-2022


බොදු බල සේනා යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොළඹ අගනුවර පදනම් කොට ගත් සිංහල බෞද්ධ දේශානුරාගී සංඟ සංවිධානයකි.

ටයිම් සඟරාවට අනූව බොදු බල සේනා සංවිධානය "ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වඩාත් බලවත්ම බෞද්ධ සංවිධානය" ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.

සංවිධානය
පූජ්‍ය කිරම විමලජෝති සහ ගලගොඩ අත්තේ ඥාණසාර හිමිවරු, ජාතික හෙළ උරුමය වෙතින් ඉවත්වීමෙන් අනතුරුව, උන්වහන්සේලා විසින් බොදු බල සේනා නමින් මෙම සංවිධානය ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. ගලගොඩ අත්තේ ඥාණසාර හිමියන් මීට පෙර ජාතික හෙළ උරුමයෙන් 2004 පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණය සඳහා කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයෙන් ඉදිරිපත් වී තිබුණි.

පූජ්‍ය කිරම විමලජෝති හිමි බොදු බල සේනා සංවිධානයේ නායක පදවිය උසුලන අතර පූජ්‍ය ගලගොඩ අත්තේ ඥාණසාර හිමි සංවිධානයේ මහ ලේකම් පදවිය දරයි.

සංවිධානයට අයත් ප්‍රධාන මූලස්ථානය කොළඹ ශ්‍රී සම්බුද්ධ ජයන්ති මන්දිරයේ පිහිටුවා තිබෙයි. ශ්‍රී සම්බුද්ධ ජයන්ති මන්දිරය බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතික මධ්‍යස්ථානයට අයත් වන්නක් වන අතර, එම සංවිධානය පිහිටුවන ලද්දේ එහි නායක පදවිය දැරූ පූජ්‍ය කිරම විමලජෝති හිමි විසිනි. බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතික මධ්‍යස්ථානය 2011 මැයි 15 වන දින ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතා විසින් විවෘත කරන ලදී.

දැක්ම
බුදු දහම පරපුරින් පරපුරට සුරකින බෞද්ධ සමාජයක් බිහි කිරීම

මෙහෙවර

"බුදු දහම පරපුරිප් පරපුරට සුරකිමින් පෝෂණය කිරීම උදෙසා බුදු දහමේ චිරස්තිථිය හා  ආරක්ෂාව තහවුරු කිරීමේ පරම අපේක්ෂාවෙන් භික්ෂු භික්ෂුණී උපාසක උපාසිකා යන සිව්වනක් පිරිස අධිෂ්ඨානශීලීව  පෙළ ගස්වා නායකත්වය ලබාදීම පිණිස , ගෝලීය අභියෝග ජවගත හැකි උත්තරීතර භික්ෂු පරපුරක් නිර්මාණය කොට බෞද්ධ ප්‍රතිපත්ති වලට අනුකූලව කටයුතු කරන බෞද්ධ සමාජයක් බිහි කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය පරිසරය  සකස් කොය රට ජාතිය නගා සිටුවීමට නායකත්වය ලබාදීම"

ඒ අනුව ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවට අනුකූලව රජයේ වගකීම වන බුද්ධාගමට ප්‍රමුඛස්ථානය ලබාදී බුද්ධ ශාසනය සුරක්ෂිත කොට පෝෂණය කිරීම පිණිස විවිධ වැඩ සටහන් හා ව්‍යාපෘති ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමට බොදු බල සේනාව කටයුතු කරයි. උක්ත දැක්ම කරා ළඟාවීමට ක්‍රියාත්මක කෙරෙන මෙම වැඩසටහන් හා ව්‍යාපෘති, ප්‍රධාන දිශානතීන් දොළසක් ඔස්සේ සම්පිණ්ඩනය කළ හැක.

  බෞද්ධ සමාජයක්
  අභීත අදීන භික්ෂු පරපුරක්
  භික්ෂු අධ්‍යාපනය නවීකරණය හා ප්‍රතිසංවිධානය කිරීම
  බෞද්ධ විහාරස්ථාන ප්‍රාදේශීය  සංවර්ධන මධ්‍යස්ථාන ලෙස දියුණු කිරීම
  මෙහෙණි සසුන සංවර්ධනය කිරීම
   දුෂ්කර තත්ත්ව යටතේ කටයුතු කරන බෞද්ධයින්ගේ හා බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථාන සංවර්ධනය කිරීම
  ධර්ම ප්‍රචාරය හා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කීර්තිය ගොඩ නැංවීම
  බෞද්ධ සංවර්ධනය සඳහා සහයෝගය දක්වන සංවිධාන ගොඩ නැගීම හා ජාලගත කිරීම
   බෞද්ධ සංවර්ධනය සඳහා අරමුදල් ස්ථාපනය කිරීම
   බෞද්ධ ව්‍යාපාර ගොඩනැගීම හා ආරක්ෂා කිරීම
   බෞද්ධ පුරා විද්‍යාත්මක ස්ථාන සුරැකීම
  බෞද්ධ විරෝධී අභියෝග වලට මුහුණදී ආරක්ෂාවීම සඳහා පියවර ගැනීම

බොදු බල සේනා සහ බෞද්ධ පුනරුදය

රට යලිත් බෙදන පළාත් සභාවට එරෙහිව බොදුබල සේනා බෞද්ධ සංවිධාන 60ක් සමග 2013/07/02/ මහරගමදී.මෙම බොදු සමලුවට පහළොස්දහසකට අධික ජනකායක් හා බෞද්ධ භික්ෂුන් සහ භික්ෂුණින් වහන්සේලා රැසක්ද සහභාගී වුයේය.

පනස්දහසකට අධික බෞද්ධ ජනයා රැස්වූ මහියංගනය බොදු බල සේනා බොදු මහා සමලුව 2013/08/02 දින මහියංගන නගරයේදී අති උත්කර්ශවත් අන්දමින් පැවැත්වීම

බොදු බල සේනා මහනුවර බොදු සමලුව 2013/03/17 වන දින නුවර දළදා මාලිගාව අභියසදී පැවැත්වුණි.මෙම බොදු සමලුව සදහා බෞද්ද භික්ෂුන් ඇතුළු බෞද්ධ ජනයා තිස්දහසකට අධික ප්‍රමාණයක් පැමිණියේය.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි

බෞද්ධ සංවිධාන

බොදු බල සේනා


An Phalaenopsis intermedia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Phalaenopsis intermedia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phalaenopsis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Philippines. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis intermedia


Horst Kretzschmar (1950–2021) fue un botánico alemán , y es conocido por sus ilustraciones botánicas, y por su formación sobre orquídeas. Además es médico y neurólogo en la práctica privada

Algunas publicaciones

Libros
 . 2008. Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzender Länder finden und bestimmen. Editor Quelle & Meyer, 285 pp. ISBN	3494014191

 -----------------------, . 2007. The orchid genera Anacamptis, Orchis and Neotinea: phylogeny, taxonomy, morphology, biology, distribution, ecology and hybridisation. 2ª edición de EchinoMedia, 544 pp. ISBN 3937107126

 -----------------------, . 2004. Orchideen Kreta & Dodekanes. Editor Mediterráneo Editions. 460 pp. ISBN 9608227437

 -----------------------, ------------------------, ------------------------. 2002. Orchideen auf Kreta, Kasos und Karpathos: ein Feldführer durch die Orchideenflora der zentralen Inseln der Südägäis. Editor	H. Kretzschmar, 416 pp . ISBN 3000088784

 -----------------------, ------------------------, ------------------------. 2001. Orchideen auf Rhodos: ein Feltführer durch die Orchideenflora der "Insel des Lichts". Editor Selbstverl. Kretzschmar, 240 pp. ISBN 3000073221

Honores
 Galardonado con la Medalla de Plata de la OPTIMA para el período 2001-2003 por "Orquídeas de Creta, Kasos y Karpathos, 2002"

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio del autor sobre orquídeas

Ilustradores de Alemania
Orquideólogos de Alemania

Horst Kretzschmar


Kentaro Nakata (født 13. maj 1989) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Yokohama FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kentaro Nakata


Tatarlar (, tatarlar, تاتارلار; ; Eski Türkçe: 𐱃𐱃𐰺, romanize: Tatar) veya Tatar Türkleri, "Tatar" ismini taşıyan farklı Türki etnik gruplar için kullanılan bir şemsiye terimdir.

Günümüzde Rusya içinde yer alan Tataristan Cumhuriyeti'ndeki İdil Tatarları, de facto olarak Rusya'ya bağlı Kırım Özerk Cumhuriyeti'ndeki Kırım Tatarları gibi etnik gruplar kendilerini Tatar olarak adlandırmaktadır. Bunun dışında Çin'in azınlıklarından biri olan Tatarlar (塔塔尔族 tătăĕr zú) da bilinmektedir. Rusya, Ukrayna, Polonya, Moldova, Litvanya, Belarus, Bulgaristan, Çin, Kazakistan, Romanya, Türkiye ve Özbekistan gibi ülkeler Tatarların yaşadıkları yerlerdir.

"Tatar" sözcüğü, çeşitli zamanlarda değişik anlamlarda kullanılmıştır. Ruslar, yüzyıllar boyunca Rusya Avrupası'nda yaşayan Türk soylu Müslümanlar için, Batılı yazar ve araştırmacılar, Türkistan'da ve Karadeniz'in kuzeyinde yaşayan Türkler için, Osmanlılar ise, on altıncı yüzyıldan başlayarak Kuzey Türkleri için kullanmışlardır.

Çarlık Rusyası ve Rus İmparatorluğunun çoğu asilzade ailesi tatar asıllıdır.

Etimoloji
Kelimenin kökeni eski Türk dillerinde "diğer insanlar" anlamına gelen "Tatar" olup geleneksel olarak Çinceye "韃靼" / "达靼" (pinyin: dádá), Japoncaya "韃靼" (Dattan), Arapçaya تتر, Farsçaya تاتار, Rusçaya Татар, Batı Avrupa dillerine Tartar olarak geçmiştir.

Türk kaynaklarında ilk defa 8'inci yüzyılda Orhun Yazıtları'nda devlet ve boy ismi olarak geçmektedir (Dokuz Tatar,Otuz Tatar gibi).

Osmanlı fermanlarında, Kırım Hanları için ilk defa 1696 yılında Tatar ifadesi geçmektedir. İslâm dünyasında ise, "Tatar" kelimesiyle kastedilen, "Moğol" idi. 13. yüzyılda yaşamış olan Arap tarihçi İbnül Esir, şamanist, kısmen budist Moğollardan bahsederken "Tatarların İslam ülkelerine gelişi", "Tatarların Türkistan ve Maveraünnehir'e çıkışı", "Kafir Tatarların Harzemşah üzerine yürüyüşü" gibi daima "Tatar" kelimesini kullanmaktadır.

Abbasi Halifeliğini 1258'de yıkmış olan, Cengiz Han'ın oğlu olan, Tuluy'un oğlu Hülagü ve ordusundan, bütün çağdaş ve sonraki Arap tarihçileri "Tatar" diye bahsetmektedirler. Diğer milletler de, on üçüncü yüzyılda yeryüzünün en büyük devletini kurmuş olan Moğollardan "Tatarlar" diye söz etmektedirler.

Tatar ve Türk kavimleri ilişkisi
Alm. Tatar (-in f) (m), Fr. Tartare (m), İng. Tatar. Muhtelif zamanlarda, muhtelif anlamlarda kullanılan Tatar kelimesine ilk olarak Orhun kitabelerinde İstemi Hanın bir merasimine gelenler listesinde rastlanmaktadır. Aynı şekilde Kültegin ve Bilge Kağan kitabelerinde de Tatarlar çeşitli vesilelerle anılır. Bu kitabelerde Otuz-Tatarlar olarak geçen kavim, Göktürk ve Uygur kitabelerinde Dokuz-Tatarlar şeklinde geçer. Bayan-Çur Kağan kitabesinde Uygurlarla Tatarların yaptıkları savaşlar anlatılır.

Tatarların Asya'dan batıya yayılmaları iki dalga halinde olmuştur. İlki Attila zamanındaki savaşlar esnasında batıya gitmişlerse de, çoğunluğu geriye dönmüş ve bir kısmı, Kuzey Kafkasya ve Karadeniz'de Bulgar birliğini kurmuşlar. Altıncı asırda bu birlik dağılmış ve Balkanlara doğru göçmüşlerdir. İkinci dalga ise Cengiz Hanın savaşları sırasında meydana gelmiştir. Moğol İmparatorluğunun dağılmasından sonra, batıya gelen Türk çoğunluklu Tatarlar, Altınordu Devleti'ni kurmuşlardır.

Tatarların soyu hakkındaki araştırmalar bitmemekle beraber, Tatarlar Türklerin Kıpçak boyundan gelmektedirler.

Tatar kökenli halklar ve Tatar boyları

Bazı Çin kaynaklarına göre Tatarlar, bulundukları bölgeler, sosyal ve askeri yaşayış şekilleriyle farklılık göstermektedirler.

Kırım Tatarları
 Kırım Tatarları (Kırım Hanlığı)

Volga-Ural Tatarları

2002 istatistiklerine göre;

 İdil Tatarları (Kazan Hanlığı)
 Kazan Tatarları
 Mişär Tatarları
 Qasím Tatarları
 Astrakhan Tatarları (Astrahan Hanlığı)

Sibirya Tatarları
 Sıbırlar (Sibir Hanlığı)
 Tubyl-Irtysh Sıbırları
 Baraba
 Tom Sıbırları

Ak Tatarlar
Çin sınırına yakın bölgede yaşarlar. Düzgün giyimli, medeni ve aile düzeni olan insanlardı. Uzun yıllar Uygur Türkleri ile iç içe yaşamışlardır. Gelenekleri, Türkistan'da yaşayan Türk topluluklarının gelenekleriyle birebir örtüşmektedir.

Kara Tatarlar
(Çuvaşlar)
Türkistan'ın kuzeyinde, Çin sınırından uzak bölgelerde yaşamaktaydılar. Bir rivayete göre Cengiz Han'ın ataları olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çok ilkel bir hayat sürerler ve Çinliler tarafından Türklerden ayrı bir yapıya sahip olduğunu belirtmek için Kara Tatar adı ile adlandırılırlardı. Kırmızı yüzlü, büyük yanaklı, kirpikleri ve sakalları çok seyrek, belden yukarısı kısa, bacakları uzun, dolgun vücutlu insanlardır.

Osmanlı Ordusu ile İlişkiler
Tatarlar Orta Çağ Ermeni müverrihlerince "ok atan millet" olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tatar savaşçılar, 1800'lü yıllarda Osmanlı ordusundaki Deliler adlı askeri birliğin dağılmasından sonra o boşluğu doldurmak amacı ile orduya alınmışlardır.

Tatarlar, Fatih döneminde Kırım hanlığının Osmanlı ordusunun asli kuvvetlerinden biri haline gelmişlerdir.Sultan sefere çıktığında Kırım Hanlığından önemli sayıda savaşçıdan oluşan birlik Osmanlı ordusuna katılır ve sultanın emrinde özellikle vur kaç görevi yapan ve ana savaş öncesinde düşman kuvvetlerini yıldıran işlevi olan savaş birlikleriydi. Tatarlar usta at binicileriydi,dayanıklı atlarıyla kısa sürelerde uzun mesafeleri katedip anî baskınlar vermeleriyle ünlüydüler.

Türkiye'de Tatarlar
Osmanlının yıkılması ve Karadeniz'in kuzey taraflarının Rus idaresine girmesinden sonra Balkanlardan, Kırımdan, Kafkasya'dan ve Kazan çevresinden Türkiye'ye doğru göç yaşanmıştır. Türkiye'de yaşayan toplam Tatar nüfusu hakkında kesin bir malumat yoktur.Eskişehir, İzmir,Tekirdağ, Bilecik,Kastamonu, Edirne,Sinop, Trabzon, Ordu, Kütahya, Manisa, Ankara, Malatya, Kırıkkale,Çorum, Amasya, Ceyhan, Ardahan, Yozgat, İstanbul, Bursa, Balıkesir, Bolu, Osmaniye, Isparta'nın Konya'ya yakın kesimleri, Konya, Erzurum, Mersin (Gülnar) ve Tokat(Artova)

Ubeydullah Bubi, Haris Feyzi Çistapol, Fatih Kerimî gibi İstanbul'da tahsil görüp geri dönen Tatar gençleri öğretmenlik yaptıkları okullarda İstanbul Türkçesi tabirlerini yaymışlar, yazılarında bu tabirleri kullanmışlardır. Ayrıca Türkiye'den gelen gazete ve dergiler de bilhassa milliyetçi gençler arasında olumlu tesir bırakıyordu.

Ayrıca bakınız

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