Hannas Entscheidung ist ein deutsch-österreichischer Fernsehfilm von Friedemann Fromm aus dem Jahr 2012.

Handlung
In der bayerischen Kleinstadt Neumarkt wartet Hanna Forster nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs jahrelang auf die Rückkehr ihres Mannes Karl aus sowjetischer Kriegsgefangenschaft.

Während seiner Abwesenheit hat sie seine Tischlerei eigenständig weitergeführt und dadurch für sich, ihre beiden Kinder und ihre Schwiegermutter den Lebensunterhalt sichergestellt. Die Arbeit macht ihr Freude und die Kundschaft ist zufrieden, aber Hanna fehlt der Meisterbrief, der für die Leitung und Fortführung der Werkstatt unter den neuen politischen Bedingungen notwendig wäre. Hinzu kommt die Konkurrenz durch Adi Zollner, der als Tischler zwar nur mäßig begabt ist, wegen seiner Verwandtschaft mit dem Bürgermeister aber bei öffentlichen Aufträgen bevorzugt wird.

Als Karl nach sieben Jahren Gefangenschaft endlich heimkehrt, übernimmt er sofort wieder die Leitung des Betriebs. Durch die Lähmung seines linken Arms ist er allerdings nur eingeschränkt arbeitsfähig, und sein Stolz verbietet es ihm, sich von seiner Frau helfen zu lassen. Da es Hanna schwerfällt, sich wieder nur auf die Rolle als Hausfrau und Mutter zu beschränken, kommt es wiederholt zum Streit zwischen den beiden Eheleuten, wobei Karl auch vor Handgreiflichkeiten nicht zurückschreckt. Traumatisiert von Krieg und Gefangenschaft, spürt er einen unbestimmten Zorn in sich, den er nur schwer kontrollieren kann. Nachts wird er regelmäßig von Albträumen geplagt, gegen die Hanna ihm Pervitin verabreicht. Zudem hat er seine sexuelle Potenz verloren.

Als die Tischlerei in wirtschaftliche Schwierigkeiten gerät, macht Adi Zollner Karl das Angebot, seine Firma zu übernehmen, was Karl jedoch ablehnt. Derweil bewirbt sich Hanna hinter dem Rücken ihres Mannes, aber mit dessen gefälschter Unterschrift bei einer Berufsschule um eine Tischlerausbildung, fällt jedoch wegen ihrer Nervosität bei der Aufnahmeprüfung durch. Als Karl davon erfährt, erfasst ihn so große Wut, dass er seine Frau verprügelt. Hanna sieht nun keine Perspektive mehr für ein Zusammenleben und nimmt sich vor, ihn zu verlassen.

Beim Versuch, die Arbeit in der Tischlerei allein zu bewältigen, greift Karl zu immer größeren Mengen Pervitin, bis er schließlich zusammenbricht und ins Krankenhaus eingeliefert werden muss. Um die Firma zu retten, verkauft Hanna sie während seines Krankenhausaufenthalts an Adi Zollner, wozu sie erneut Karls Unterschrift fälscht. Als Karl bei seiner Rückkehr erkennt, was geschehen ist, kommt es zu einem wütenden Handgemenge, bei dem ein Regal mit Terpentinölbehältern umfällt und die Werkstatt in Brand setzt.

Hanna beschließt nun endgültig, ihren Mann zu verlassen. Karl willigt ein unter der Bedingung, dass sie nie wieder zurückkommt. Ihre Tochter Vera darf Hanna mitnehmen, während der Sohn Michael bei seinem Vater bleiben soll, um das Tischlerhandwerk zu erlernen. Als Abschiedsgeschenk lässt Karl seiner Frau sein Meisterbuch zukommen sowie die Adresse einer Holzhandlung, die eine Lagerverwalterin sucht. Hanna und ihre Tochter fahren mit dem Auto weg. Es bleibt offen, ob sie ihren Traum erreicht.

Produktion
Hannas Entscheidung ist eine Produktion der deutschen Ziegler Film (Regina Ziegler) in Koproduktion mit der österreichischen Wega Film (Veit Heiduschka) für die ARD. Der Film wurde 2010 in der Steiermark gedreht. Er hatte am 9. März 2012 im Ersten seine Premiere.

Kritik

Auszeichnungen
Christine Neubauer erhielt beim Festival de Télévision de Monte-Carlo 2012 den Preis für die beste Schauspielerin. Die Produzenten gewannen den Preis des monegassischen Roten Kreuzes. Hannas Entscheidung war dort außerdem in den Kategorien "bester Fernsehfilm", "bester Regisseur" und "bester Schauspieler" (Edgar Selge) nominiert.

Weblinks

 Hannas Entscheidung bei der Produktionsfirma Ziegler Film

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2012
Deutscher Film
Österreichischer Film
Filmdrama
Fernsehfilm (Das Erste)

Hannas Entscheidung


Sandro André da Silva (født 5. marts 1974) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kashima Antlers.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Sandro André da Silva


Kosuke Nakamachi (født 1. september 1985) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Shonan Bellmare, Avispa Fukuoka og Yokohama F. Marinos.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kosuke Nakamachi


is a Buddhist temple complex that was once one of the powerful Seven Great Temples, located in the city of Nara, Japan. Though it was originally founded in the year 738 CE, Tōdai-ji was not opened until the year 752 CE. The temple has undergone several reconstructions since then, with the most significant reconstruction (that of the Great Buddha Hall) taking place in 1709. Its Great Buddha Hall (大仏殿 Daibutsuden) houses the world's largest bronze statue of the Buddha Vairocana, known in Japanese as Daibutsu (大仏). The temple also serves as the Japanese headquarters of the Kegon school of Buddhism. The temple is a listed UNESCO World Heritage Site as one of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara", together with seven other sites including temples, shrines and places in the city of Nara.

History

Origins

The beginning of building a temple where the Kinshōsen-Ji complex sits today can be dated to 728 CE, when Emperor Shōmu established Kinshōsen-Ji (金鐘山寺) as an appeasement for Prince Motoi (:ja:基王), his first son with his Fujiwara clan consort Kōmyōshi. Prince Motoi died a year after his birth.

During the Tenpyō era, Japan suffered from a series of disasters and epidemics. It was after experiencing these problems that Emperor Shōmu issued an edict in 741 to promote the construction of provincial temples throughout the nation. Later in 743 during the Tenpyō era the Emperor commissioned the Daibutsu to be built in 743. Tōdai-ji (still Kinshōsen-ji at the time) was appointed as the provincial temple of Yamato Province and the head of all the provincial temples. With the alleged coup d'état by Nagaya in 729, a major outbreak of smallpox around 735–737, worsened by several consecutive years of poor crops, followed by a rebellion led by Fujiwara no Hirotsugu in 740, the country was in a chaotic situation. Emperor Shōmu had been forced to move the capital four times, indicating a certain level of instability during this period.

Role in early Japanese Buddhism
According to legend, the monk Gyōki went to Ise Grand Shrine to reconcile Shinto with Buddhism. He spent seven days and nights reciting sutras until the oracle declared Vairocana Buddha compatible with worship of the sun goddess Amaterasu.
Under the Ritsuryō system of government in the Nara period, Buddhism was heavily regulated by the state through the . During this time, Tōdai-ji served as the central administrative temple for the provincial temples and for the six Buddhist schools in Japan at the time: the Hossō, Kegon, Jōjitsu, Sanron, Ritsu and Kusha. Letters dating from this time also show that all six Buddhist schools had offices at Tōdai-ji, complete with administrators, shrines and their own library.

Japanese Buddhism during this time still maintained the lineage of the Vinaya and all officially licensed monks were required to take their ordination under the Vinaya at Tōdai-ji. In 754 CE, ordination was given by Ganjin, who arrived in Japan after traveling over 12 years and six attempts of crossing the sea from China, to Empress Kōken, former Emperor Shōmu and others. Later Buddhist monks, including Kūkai and Saichō received their ordination here as well. During Kūkai's administration of the Sōgō, additional ordination ceremonies were added to Tōdai-ji, including the ordination of the Bodhisattva Precepts from the Brahma Net Sutra and the esoteric Precepts, or Samaya, from Kukai's own newly established Shingon school of Buddhism. Kūkai added an Abhiseka Hall to use for initiating monks of the six Nara schools into the esoteric teachings by 829 CE.

Decline
As the center of power in Japanese Buddhism shifted away from Nara to Mount Hiei and the Tendai sect, and when the
centre of political power in Japan moved from the emperor's
capital to the shōgun's base in Kamakura in the aftermath of the Genpei war, Tōdai-ji's role in maintaining authority declined. In later generations, the Vinaya lineage also died out, despite repeated attempts to revive it; thus no more ordination ceremonies take place at Tōdai-ji.

Architecture

Initial construction

In 743, Emperor Shōmu issued a law stating that the people should become directly involved with the establishment of new Buddhist temples throughout Japan. The Emperor believed that such piety would inspire Buddha to protect his country from further disaster. Gyōki, with his pupils, traveled the provinces asking for donations. According to records kept by Tōdai-ji, more than 2,600,000 people in total helped construct the Great Buddha and its Hall; contributing rice, wood, metal, cloth, or labor; with 350,000 working directly on the statue's construction. The 16 m (52 ft) high statue was built through eight castings over three years, the head and neck being cast together as a separate element. The making of the statue was started first in Shigaraki. After enduring multiple fires and earthquakes, the construction was eventually resumed in Nara in 745, and the Buddha was finally completed in 751. A year later, in 752, the eye-opening ceremony was held with an attendance of 10,000 monks and 4,000 dancers to celebrate the completion of the Buddha. The Indian priest Bodhisena performed the eye-opening for Emperor Shōmu. The project cost Japan greatly, as the statue used much of Japan's bronze and relied entirely on imported gold. 48 lacquered cinnabar pillars, 1.5 m in diameter and 30 m long, support the blue tiled roof of the Daibutsu-den.

Maps that include some of the original structures of Tōdai-ji are rare, though some still exist today. Some of these structures include, the two pagodas, the library, lecture hall, refectory, and the monk's quarters located behind the main hall. Tōdai-ji functioned not only as a place of worship and Buddhist practice, but as a place of higher learning and study. Much of what contemporaries now know about the original layout of the temple comes from the writings of monks who lived and studied there.

The original complex contained two 100 m pagodas, making them some of the tallest structures at the time. They were located on either side of the complex, one on the western (西塔) and one on the eastern side (東塔). The pagodas themselves were surrounded by a walled courtyard with four gates. These were destroyed by an earthquake. One of the sōrin finials survived and is standing at the spot where one of the pagodas used to stand.

The Shōsōin was its storehouse, and now contains many artifacts from the Tenpyō period of Japanese history.

Reconstructions post-Nara Period

The Great Buddha Hall (Daibutsuden) has been rebuilt twice after fire. The current building was finished in 1709, and although immense— long,  wide and  high—it is actually 30% smaller than its predecessor, being reduced from 11 to 7 bays wide due to lack of funds. Until 1998, it was the world's largest wooden building. It has been surpassed by modern structures, such as the Japanese baseball stadium Odate Jukai Dome, amongst others. The Great Buddha statue has been recast several times for various reasons, including earthquake damage. The current hands of the statue were made in the Momoyama Period (1568–1615), and the head was made in the Edo period (1615–1867).

The existing Nandaimon (Great South Gate) was constructed at the end of the 12th century based on Daibutsuyō style, after the original gate was destroyed by a typhoon during the Heian period. The dancing figures of the Nio, the two  guardians at the Nandaimon, were built around the same time by the artists Unkei, Kaikei, and their workshop staff. The Nio are an A-un pair known as Ungyo, which by tradition has a facial expression with a closed mouth, and Agyo, which has an open mouthed expression. The two figures were closely evaluated and extensively restored by a team of art conservators between 1988 and 1993. Until then, these sculptures had never before been moved from the niches in which they were originally installed. This complex preservation project, costing $4.7 million, involved a restoration team of 15 experts from the National Treasure Repairing Institute in Kyoto.

Dimensions of the Daibutsu
The temple gives the following dimensions for the statue:
 Height:
 Face:
 Eyes:
 Nose:
 Ears:

The statue's shoulders are 28 meters across and there are 960 six curls atop its head. The Birushana Buddha's golden halo is  in diameter with 16 images each  tall.

Recently, using x-rays, a human tooth, along with pearls, mirrors, swords, and jewels were discovered inside of
the knee of the Great Buddha; these are believed to be the relics of Emperor Shomu.

The statue weighs .

Temple precincts and gardens

Various buildings of the Tōdai-ji have been incorporated within the overall aesthetic intention of the gardens' design. Adjacent villas are today considered part of Tōdai-ji. Some of these structures are now open to the public.

Over the centuries, the buildings and gardens have evolved together as to become an integral part of an organic and living temple community.

The Tōdai-ji Culture Center opened on October 10, 2011, comprising a museum to exhibit the many sculptures and other treasures enshrined in the various temple halls, along with a library and research centre, storage facility, and auditorium.

Japanese national treasures

The architectural master-works are classified as:

Major historical events

 728: Kinshōsen-ji, the forerunner of Tōdai-ji, is established as a gesture of appeasement for the troubled spirit of Prince Motoi.
 741: Emperor Shōmu calls for nationwide establishment of provincial temples, and Kinshōsen-ji appointed as the head provincial temple of Yamato.
 743: The Emperor commands that a very large Buddha image statue shall be built—the Daibutsu or Great Buddha—and initial work is begun at Shigaraki-no-miya.
 745: The capital returns to Heijō-kyō, construction of the Great Buddha resumes in Nara. Usage of the name Tōdai-ji appears on record.
 752: The Eye-opening Ceremony celebrating the completion of the Great Buddha held.
 855: The head of the great statue of the Buddha Vairocana suddenly fell to the ground; and gifts from the pious throughout the empire were collected to create another, more well-seated head for the restored Daibutsu.

In popular culture
Matsuo Bashō refers to the Great Buddha statue in a haiku (1689–1670):
初雪や /  いつ大仏 /  の柱立.
"First snow!/ When Buddha's great statue/ pillar-erection"
And,
"First snow and / there stands the great Buddha / a pillar of strength"

Tōdai-ji has been used as a location in several Japanese films and television dramas. It was also used in the 1950s John Wayne movie The Barbarian and the Geisha when Nandaimon, the Great South Gate, doubled as a city's gates.

On May 20, 1994, the international music festival The Great Music Experience was held at Tōdai-ji, supported by UNESCO. Performers included the Tokyo New Philharmonic Orchestra, X Japan, INXS, Jon Bon Jovi, Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan, Tomoyasu Hotei, Roger Taylor, classic Japanese drummers, and a Buddhist monk choir. This event, organized by British producer Tony Hollingsworth, was simultaneously broadcast in 55 countries on May 22 and 23, 1994.

The 2007 animation series Mononoke (モノノ怪), which is a spin-off of the 2006 horror anthology series Ayakashi: Samurai Horror Tales, references the Tōdai-ji, particularly the treasure room Shōsōin, in Episodes 8 and 9.

The Tōdai-ji is used as the Japanese wonder in Age of Empires II.

The Tōdai-ji is the subject of the 2003 novella "A Mountain to the North, A Lake to the South, Paths to the West, A River to the East" ("Északról hegy, Délről tó, Nyugatról utak, Keletről folyó") by László Krasznahorkai.

International outreach
Following the catastrophic Notre-Dame de Paris fire in April 2019, Japanese authorities declared plans to expand fire prevention measures at several historic locations, including Tōdai-ji in Nara, partly by hiring new, younger employees in a context where temple and shrine staff are aging. Custodians of Todaiji temple also installed a donation box, stating "Let's Rebuild Notre Dame Cathedral", in the hallway behind the Great Buddha statue.  In June 2019, a sign next to the box, in Japanese and English, explained why Tōdai-ji, as headquarters of the Kegon sect of Buddhism, was soliciting funds in this way. The English version declared, "Todai-ji temple has been reconstructed every time it burned down by big fires thanks to the significant effort of many people.  We sincerely express our deepest sympathy for the tragedy that hit the Notre-Dame de Paris. Going beyond the creed, we would like to ask everyone for your support to reconstruct the cathedral."

Gallery

See also

 For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism.
Kanjin#Kanjinshoku of Todai-ji
Kōtoku-in, location of the Kamakura Great Buddha
 List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents)
List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials)
List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)
List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings)
List of National Treasures of Japan (sculptures)
 List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)
List of National Treasures of Japan (writings)
List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
Nanto Shichi Daiji, Seven Great Temples of Nanto
Old Government Buildings (Wellington), New Zealand – second-largest wooden building in the world
Ostankino Palace, third-largest wooden building in the world
Shōhō-ji, location of the Gifu Great Buddha
Siege of Nara
Tamukeyama Hachiman Shrine, Shinto shrine near the temple precincts
Tourism in Japan

Notes

External links

 The official Tōdai-ji homepage (Japanese) (English)
 Tōdai-ji Guide GoJapanGo
 Photos of Tōdai-ji Temple, its Lotus Hall and Ordination Hall
 Photos of Tōdai-ji Temple and sika deer
 Todaiji Temple, from The Official Nara Travel Guide

8th-century Buddhist temples
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1709
18th-century Buddhist temples
Religious organizations established in the 8th century
World Heritage Sites in Japan
National Treasures of Japan
Buddhist temples in Nara, Nara
Colossal Buddha statues
Gardens in Nara Prefecture
Nara period
Historic Sites of Japan
Important Cultural Properties of Japan
Wooden buildings and structures in Japan
8th-century establishments in Japan
Emperor Shōmu
Religious buildings and structures completed in 745
Nara Prefecture designated tangible cultural property

Tōdai-ji


L'Enfant de la folle est un film muet français réalisé par Georges Denola, sorti en 1913.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : L'Enfant de la folle
 Réalisation : Georges Denola
 Scénario : Marc Mario
 Photographie :
 Montage :
 Société de production : Société cinématographique des auteurs et gens de lettres (S.C.A.G.L.)
 Société de distribution : Pathé frères
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue : français
 Métrage : 800 mètres
 Format : Noir et blanc — 35 mm — 1,33:1 — Muet
 Genre : Film dramatique
 Durée : 26 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
  :

Distribution
 Madeleine Céliat : la folle
 Charles Mosnier : le docteur
 Jean Jacquinet : Pierre Le Vannier
 Emile Milo : Frison
 Léontine Massart : la femme de Frison
 Henri Rollan :

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Ciné-Journal n° 263, 6 septembre 1913
 Bulletin Pathé n°32

Articles connexes
 Liste de films français sortis en 1913

Liens externes

 L'Enfant de la folle sur le site de la Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé

Film français sorti en 1913
Court métrage français
Film dramatique français
Film réalisé par Georges Denola
Film en français
Film muet français
Film français en noir et blanc
Film distribué par Pathé
Septembre 1913

L'Enfant de la folle


Dassault Systèmes er hugbúnaðarútgefandi sem sérhæfir sig í þrívíddarhönnun, þrívíddar stafrænu spotti og lausnum fyrir stjórnun vörulífsferils (PLM).

Dassault Systèmes var stofnað árið 1981 til að tölvuvæða hönnun flugvéla, byggt á hugmyndinni um "sýndarvæðingu heimsins" og hefur aukið umsvif sín við þróun og markaðssetningu faglegs hugbúnaðar fyrir öll svið, bæði iðnaðar (flug og varnir verkfræði og smíði, orku, neysluvörur osfrv.) sem varða meðal annars arkitektúr eða lífvísindi.

Árið 2015 var Dassault Systèmes leiðandi franski hugbúnaðarútgefandinn hvað varðar veltu og sá næsti í Evrópu á eftir þýska SAP.

Höfuðstöðvar fyrirtækisins eru í Vélizy-Villacoublay, í norðurhluta Paris-Saclay tæknimiðstöðvarinnar.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Heimasíða Dassault Systèmes

Fyrirtæki
Framleiðslufyrirtæki
Frönsk fyrirtæki

Dassault Systèmes


محمد عبد العزيز مخرج مصري قام بإخراج العديد من الأفلام السينمائية. ولد في 7 أغسطس عام 1940, وهو والد الفنان كريم عبد العزيز، وشقيق المخرج عمر عبد العزيز.

والمخرج محمد عبد العزيز يشكل علامة هامة في مجال الكوميديا، فقد اعتبره النقاد خليفة للراحل فطين عبد الوهاب. فمنذ بداية مشواره الفني في السبعينات حقق إنجازات في الكوميديا الاجتماعية رسخت اسمه في عالم السينما الكوميديا.

حياته الفنية
بدأ عمله في مجال الفن كمساعد مخرج في أفلام مثل القاهرة 30 عام 1966، وأبي فوق الشجرة عام 1969، ونحن لا نزرع الشوك عام 1970، وثرثرة فوق النيل عام 1971، ثم تولى الإخراج، وكانت بداية عمله في السبعينيات.

وكان أول أفلامه فيلم صور ممنوعة: ممنوع عام 1972، ثم أخرج أفلام مثل في الصيف لازم نحب عام 1974، وعالم عيال عيال عام 1976، وألف بوسة وبوسة عام 1977، كما تعاون مع عادل إمام في أفلام مثل المحفظة معايا والبعض يذهب للمأذون مرتين عام 1978، وقاتل ما قتلش حد وخلي بالك من جيرانك عام 1979، تلاها العديد من الأفلام المشتركة بينهم.

أما عن الجانب المسرحي فقد برع فيه حيث قام بتقديم عدة مسرحيات شهيرة مثل شارع محمد علي عام 1991، وعفروتو عام 1999.

وفي مجال الدراما، قام بتقديم عدة مسلسلات منها مسلسل يوم عسل يوم بصل عام 1998، وشجر الأحلام عام 2001، وأبو ضحكة جنان عن قصة حياة الفنان إسماعيل ياسين عام 2009، وكان آخر أعماله مسلسل بابا نور عام 2010 مع حسين فهمى، الذي جمع بين  الكوميدية والرومانسية والدراما الواقعية.

أعمال من إخراجه

الأفلام
 1972: صور ممنوعة
 1973: امرأة من القاهرة
 1974: في الصيف لازم نحب
 1976: عالم عيال عيال
 1976: دقة قلب
 1976: العيال الطيبين
 1977: جنس ناعم
 1977: ألف بوسة وبوسة
 1978: شفاه لا تعرف الكذب
 1978: انتبهوا أيها السادة
 1978: المحفظة معايا
 1978: البعض يذهب للمأذون مرتين
 1979: قاتل ما قتلش حد
 1979: خلي بالك من جيرانك
 1980: غاوي مشاكل
 1980: رجل فقد عقله
 1980: أذكياء لكن أغبياء
 1981: مرسي فوق مرسي تحت
 1981: رحلة الرعب
 1981: انتخبوا الدكتور سليمان عبد الباسط
 1982: على باب الوزير
 1982: عصابة حمادة وتوتو
 1982: رحلة الشقاء والحب
 1982: بريق عينيك
 1983: مملكة الهلوسة
 1984: ولكن شيئا ما يبقى
 1984: مين فينا الحرامي
 1984: لك يوم يا بيه
 1984: بناتنا في الخارج
 1984: الثعلب والعنب
 1985: عشرة على عشرة
 1985: خلي بالك من عقلك
 1985: الحكم آخر الجلسة
 1986: منزل العائلة المسمومة
 1986: لا تدمرني معك
 1986: سري للغاية
 1986: الجلسة سرية
 1986: أجراس الخطر
 1988: نشاطركم الأفراح
 1988: ليلة القبض على بكيزة وزغلول
 1988: صرخة ندم
 1989: المعلمة سماح
 1989: الفتى الشرير
 1990: ليلة عسل
 1990: حنفي الأبهة
 1991: الشيطان يقدم حلا
 1992: لعبة الانتقام
 1992: آه .. وآه من شربات
 1995: أسوار الحب
 1997: حلق حوش

المسلسلات
 1995: لو حصل العكس
 1998: يوم عسل يوم بصل
 2001: وتاهت بعد العمر الطويل
 2001: شجر الأحلام
 2001: حارة الطبلاوي
 2001: ثمار الوهم
 2002: يحيا العدل
 2003: غدر وكبرياء
 2004: أهل الرحمة
 2006: حياتي أنت
 2007: حمد الله على السلامة
 2007: آخر الخط
 2009: أبو ضحكة جنان
 2010: بابا نور

المسرحيات
 1991: شارع محمد علي
 1995: بهلول في إسطنبول
 1999: عفروتو
 2008: زكي في الوزارة

الفوازير
 1993: المتزوجون في التاريخ

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من القاهرة
مخرجون سينمائيون مصريون
مواليد 1940

محمد عبد العزيز (مخرج مصري)


L'actuel palais national du Salvador, situé à San Salvador, la capitale du pays du Salvador, remplace l'ancien palais national construit entre 1866 et 1870, détruit par un incendie le 19 décembre 1889. La construction, réalisée entre 1905 et 1911, est l'œuvre de l'ingénieur José Emilio Alcaine, sous la direction du contremaître Pascasio González Erazo. Pour terminer le projet, une loi est adoptée qui permet la collection d'un colon pour chaque quintal de café exporté. Les matériaux utilisés sont importés de plusieurs pays européens, dont l'Allemagne, l'Italie et la Belgique. Les installations du palais sont occupées par des bureaux du gouvernement jusqu'en 1974.

Le bâtiment comprend quatre pièces principales et 101 pièces secondaires ; chacune des quatre pièces principales a une couleur distinctive. La salle rouge (Salon Rojo) est utilisée pour les réceptions organisées par le ministère salvadorien des Affaires étrangères et la cérémonie de remise des lettres de créance des ambassadeurs. Il est utilisé à des fins cérémonielles depuis l'administration du général Maximiliano Hernández Martínez. La salle jaune (Salon Amarillo) sert de bureau au président de la République, tandis que la salle rose (Salon Rosado) abritait la Cour suprême et plus tard le ministère de la Défense. La salle bleue (Salon Azul) était le lieu de rencontre de la législature du Salvador à partir de 1906, et son architecture classique avec des éléments ioniens, corinthiens et romains est remarquable. La salle s'appelle maintenant le Parlement salvadorien, en souvenir de son ancienne destination et a été déclarée monument historique national en 1974.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120407125235/http://www.laprensagrafica.com/opinion/editorial/62179-el-antiguo-palacio-nacional.html
 http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_completa.asp?idCat=6482&idArt=3290128

Bâtiment au Salvador
Politique au Salvador

Palais national (Salvador)


Stadio Vincenzo Presti, İtalya'nın Gela şehrinde, çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyumdur.

Stadyumda çoğunlukla futbol müsabakaları yapılmaktadır. İtalya'nın Gela Calcio takımının maçlarını yaptığı stadyum, 4.400 seyirci kapasitelidir.

Vincenzo Presti
Gela

Stadio Vincenzo Presti


කොළඹ ක‍්‍රමය (Colombo Plan) යනු ආසියා පැසිපික් කලාපීය සාමාජික රටවල ආර්ථික සහ සාමාජයීය සංවර්ධනය ශක්තිමත් කිරීමේ සංකල්පය කැටිකොටගත්, අන්තර් ආණ්ඩුමය සංයුතියක් සහිත කලාපීය සංවිධානයකි. කොළඹ ක්‍රමය මගින් සිදුකරන සෑම ක්‍රියාකාරකමකම ප්‍රධාන ඉලක්කය වන්නේ මානව සම්පත් මත සිදුකරන සංවර්ධනයයි.

ඉතිහාසය
1949 වර්ෂයේ එංගලන්තයේ ලන්ඩන් නුවරදී, පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයීය රටවල මුදල් අමාත්‍යවරුන්ගේ මහ සමුළුව පැවැත්වුණු අතර, එහිදී ආසියා පැසිපික් කලාපීය රටවල සංවර්ධනය සඳහා වූ යෝජනා ක්‍රමයක් කෙරෙහි එහි සාමාජික රටවල අවධානය යොමු කෙරිණි. පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයට අයත් දුප්පත් රටවල් සංවර්ධනය කිරීම සඳහා යම් වැඩපිළිවෙලක් ගොඩනැංවිය යුතු බවට මෙහිදී අදහස් පළවිණි.

ඉන්පසුව එළැඹි 1950 වසරේ ජනවාරියේදී, පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්‌ඩලයීය විදේශ ඇමැති මහසමුළුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, කොළඹදී පැවැත්විණි. සමුළුවේ මුලසුන එවක ශ්‍රී ලංකා අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය වූ ඩී. එස්. සේනානායක මහතා විසින් මෙහෙයවනු ලැබූ අතර, එහිදී මෙරට මුදල් අමාත්‍යවරයා වූ ජේ. ආර්. ජයවර්ධන මහතා විසින් කොළඹ ක්‍රමයේ මුල් අඩිතාලම් යෝජනාව සභාවට ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී. සමස්ථ යෝජනාව ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම සඳහා ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව සහ නවසීලන්තයද දායක වූ බව පැවසෙන අතර, ජයවර්ධන මහතා විසින් ඉදිරිපත් කල එම යෝජනාව ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව විසින් ස්ථීර කරන ලදී. පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයට අයත් වන සහ නොවන නොදියුණු ආසියාතික රටවල ජනතාවගේ ජීවන තත්වය උසස් කිරීම, එම රටවල කෘෂිකාර්මික සහ කාර්මික ක්ෂේත්‍රයන් වර්ධනය කිරීම, ඊට අවශ්‍ය තොරතුරු ලබා ගැනීම සඳහා නිළදාරීන් පත් කිරීම, සැළසුම් ක්‍රියාත්මක කරවීමට අවශ්‍ය අරමුදල්, තාක්ෂණය, යන්ත්‍රසූත්‍ර සහ නිෂ්පාදන වෙනුවෙන් දායකත්වය සැපයීම යන ප්‍රධාන කරුණු අන්තර්ගත වූ මෙම අවසන් යෝජනාව, 1950 ජනවාරි මස 12 දින සමුළුවේදී ඒකමතික ඡන්දයෙන් සම්මත විණි.

එම වසරේම මැයි මස 10 වන දින ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවේදී මෙම යෝජනාවට සම්බන්ධ විශේෂ සැසියක් පැවැත්වුණු අතර, එහිදීද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේදී සම්මත කර ගත් යෝජනා ක්‍රියාත්මක කරවීම සම්බන්ධව කරුණු තහවුරු කර ගැණිනි. පසුව 1950 සැප්තැම්බර් මස එංගලන්තයේ ලන්ඩන් නුවර පැවැති මුදල් අමාත්‍යවරුන්ගේ සැසියේදී, කොළඹ ක්‍රමය (COLOMBO PLAN) නමින් නව ආධාර යෝජනා ක්‍රමය බිහිකෙරිණි.

ආරම්භයේදී සංවිධානයට ශී‍්‍ර ලංකාව, ඉන්දියාව, පාකිස්තානය, ඕස්ටේ‍්‍රලියාව, නවසීලන්තය, බි‍්‍රතාන්‍ය සහ කැනඩාව යන රටවල් අයත් වූ අතර, 1965 වසරේදී මෙම යෝජනා ක්‍රමය සඳහා දායකත්වය ලබාදීමට අමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදය ද එකඟත්වය පළකරන ලදී. 1965 වසර වන විට දකුණු හා අග්නිදිග ආසියාතික රාජ්‍යයන් කිහිපයක්ද මෙම සංවිධානයට එක්විණි.

1977 වසර වන විට මෙම යෝජනා ක්‍රමය, ආසියා පැසිපික් රටවල ආර්ථික හා සමාජ සහයෝගීතා සංවර්ධන ක‍්‍රමය ලෙසද හැඳින්වීමට පටන් ගති.

අභිප්‍රාය
කොළඹ ක්‍රමය යනු දේශීය සැලසුම්, සංකලිත ප්‍රධාන සැලසුමට අනූකූලත්වයක් දැක්වීමම අරමුණු කොට නොගත් සංවිධානයකි. ඒ වෙනුවට එය, කලාපීය ආර්ථික සහ සමාජයීය සංවර්ධනය සඳහා විදෙස් ආධාර හා තාක්ෂණික සහාය ලබාදෙන ද්විපාර්ශ්වික රාමුවක් සහිතව කටයුතු සම්පාදනය සිදුකරන සංවිධානයකි.

අරමුණු
 ආසියා පැසිපික් කලාපයේ ආර්ථික සහ සාමාජයීය සංවර්ධනය සඳහා සහයෝගය ලබාදීම දිරිගැන්වීම;
 සාමාජික රටවල් අතර තාක්ෂණය බෙදාහදාගැනීම සහ හුවමාරුවට සහාය ලබා දීම හා තාක්ෂණික සහයෝගීතාවය දිරිගැන්වීම;
 සාමාජික රටවල් අතර, බහුපාර්ශ්විකමය ලෙස සහ වෙනත් ඒජන්සි හරහා සිදුවන, තාක්ෂණික සහයෝගීතාවය පිළිබඳ අදාල තොරතුරු සම්බන්ධව උප සමාලෝචනයක් පවත්වා ගෙන යාම;
 දකුණ-දකුණ සහයෝගීතාවය (South-South cooperation) සංකල්පය අවධාරණය කරමින්, කලාපය තුල සාමාජික රටවල් අතර එකිනෙකාගේ සංවර්ධන අත්දැකීම් බෙදාහදාගැනීමට සහ හුවමාරුව සඳහා පහසුකම් සැලසීම.

සංවිධාන ව්‍යුහය
කොළඹ ක්‍රමයෙහි ප්‍රධානතම අවයවයන් වන්නේ - උපදේශක කමිටුව, කොළඹ ක්‍රමය මණ්ඩලය (කවුන්සිලය) සහ මහ ලේකම් කාර්යාලයයි. මහ ලේකම් කාර්යාලයේ සහ කවුන්සිලයේ පරිපාලනමය වියදම්, සාමාජික රාජ්‍යයන් විසින් සමව උසුලනු ලබයි.
 උපදේශක කමිටුව (CCM) = කොළඹ ක්‍රමයෙහි, ඉහලම සමාලෝචනයන් හා ප්‍රතිපත්තීන් නිර්මාණය කරන ප්‍රධානම අවයවය වන්නේ මෙයයි. මීට සියළුම සාමාජික රටවල් අයත්ය.
 කොළඹ ක්‍රමය මණ්ඩලය = මීට ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොළඹ වසන සියළුම සාමාජික රාජ්‍යයන් හී නියෝජිතයින් අඩංගු වෙයි. කවුන්සිලයේ සභාපතිවරයා තෝරා ගැනෙන්නේ සාමාජික රාජ්‍යයන්ගේ නම් වල අකුරු අනුපිළිවෙලට වාර්ෂිකව සහ ආවර්ථීයවයි.
 කොළඹ ක්‍රමය මහ ලේකම් කාර්යාලය = 1951 වසරේ සිට කොළඹ ක්‍රමයේ උපදේශක කමිටුවෙහි සහ කවුන්සිලයෙහි, ලේකම් කාර්යාලය ලෙස ක්‍රියාකරන්නේ මෙයයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොළඹ පිහිටි මෙම කාර්යාලයෙහි ප්‍රධානීත්වය දරන්නේ කොළඹ ක්‍රමය මහ ලේකම්වරයායි. සාමාජික රටවල් සහ සහයෝගීතා ඒජන්සි සමග එක්ව කොළඹ ක්‍රමය තුල සම්පාදනය කරන වැඩසටහන්හී ක්‍රියාවට නැංවීම් සහ පරිපාලන කටයුතු සම්බන්ධව වගකීම් දරනු ලබන්නේ, මේ මහ ලේකම් කාර්යාලයයි.

අරමුදල ගොඩනැගීම
කොළඹ ක්‍රමය තුල දැකගතහැකි විශේෂ ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ කවුන්සිලයේ සහ මහ ලේකම් කාර්යාලයේ පරිපාලනමය වියදම් සියළුම සාමාජික රටවල් විසින් සමව දැරීමයි. කෙසේ නමුත්, කොළඹ ක්‍රමය යටතේ සිදුකරන පුහුණු වැඩසටහන් සඳහා සම්ප්‍රදායක් ලෙස ස්වේච්ඡාවෙන් ලැබෙන ආධාරත්, සංවිධානය තුල නැගී එන නව රටවල් විසින් ලබාදෙන ආධාර යටතේත් සිදුකෙරේ. මීට අමතරව පුහුණු වැඩසටහන් සඳහා, කොළඹ ක්‍රමයට අයත් නොවන රාජ්‍යයන් සහ අන්තර්ජාතික සංවිධානද සිය දායකත්වය ලබා දෙයි.

වැඩසටහන්
කොළඹ ක්‍රමය සතුව ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන නිත්‍ය වැඩසටහන් 4 ක් පවතී:
 මහජන පරිපාලනය සහ පරිසරය පිළිබඳ වැඩසටහන (PPA & ENV)
 පුද්ගලික අංශය සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන (PPSD)
 ඔසු උපදේශන වැඩසටහන (DAP)
 දිගු කාලීන ශිෂ්‍යත්ව වැඩසටහන (LTSP)
පසු කාලීනව ආරම්භ කළ වැඩසටහන් ලෙස,

ලිංගික අධ්‍යාපනය සම්බන්ධ වැඩසටහන්(GAP)
පාරිසරික සහ දේශගුනික විපර්යාස පිළිබඳ වැඩසටහන් (ECC)

මහ ලේකම්වරු
1995 වසරේදී කොළඹ ක්‍රමය යම් පරිවර්ථනයකට සහ අළුත් කිරීමකට බදුන් වූ අතර, එහිදී එතෙක් අධ්‍යක්ෂකවරයෙකු සහිත වූ කොළඹ ක්‍රමය කාර්යාංශය, මහ ලේකම්වරයෙකු සහිත කොළඹ ක්‍රමය ලේකම් කාර්යාලයක් බවට පත්විය.
 Dr. Kim Hak-su = 1995 ජනවාරි - 1999 මාර්තු
 Dr. Sarat Chandran = 1999 අප්‍රියෙල් - 2003 ජුනි
 Mr. Kittipan Kanjanapitkul = 2003 ජුනි - 2007 අගෝස්තු
 Dato' Patricia Yoon-Moi Chia = 2007 අගෝස්තු - 2011 අගෝස්තු (මෙම තනතුර හෙබවූ පළමු ආසියානු කාන්තාව)
 Mr. Adam Maniku = 2011 අගෝස්තු 15 - නොවැම්බර් 2013
 Mr. Kinley Dorji = 2014 මැයි 2 - 2018 අප්‍රියෙල්
 Ambassador Phan Kieu Thu, PhD = 2018 මැයි 1 - වත්මන තෙක්

මුල්යුගයේ විවෙචනයන්
කොළඹ ක්‍රමය සඳහා මුල් වකවානුවන් හීදී විවිධ තරාතිරම්/මට්ටම් වලින් විවේචන එල්ල විය. සමහරක් ආසියානුවන් එය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යවාදයෙහි හස්තයක් ලෙස දුටූහ. විශේෂයෙන්ම ස්වකීය උවමනාවන් පිරිමසාගත හැකි සංවර්ධනය වෙමින් පවතින ජාතීන් ඉලක්ක කර නොගත් වැඩසටහනක් ලෙස එය හැඳින්වුණි. එය සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම පාහේ දේශපාලනික සහ සාමාජයීය කරුණු මත පදනම් ගැටළු සඳහා අනන්‍ය වූ ආර්ථික විසඳුමක් දෙන්නක් බව කියැවිණි.

වර්ථමාන සාමාජිකයින්
වර්ථමානය වන විට සංවිධානය තුල සාමාජික රාජ්‍යයන් 27 ක් තිබෙන අතර, ඊට ආසියා-පැසිපික් කලාපීය රටවල් සහ පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයට අයත් සහ අයත් නොවන රටවල් පවතී. මින් ආසියා-පැසිපික් කලාපයේ රටවල් සමහරක්, කලාපීය සංවිධාන වන ආසියාන් (ASEAN) සහ සාර්ක් (SAARC) යන සංවිධාන වල සාමාජිකයෝද වෙති.

පැරණි සාමාජිකයින්
කොළඹ ක්‍රමයේ ආරම්භක සාමාජිකයෝ දෙදෙනෙකු වූ එක්සත් රාජධානිය සහ කැනඩාව, පිළිවෙලින් 1991 හා 1992 යන වසර වලදී සංවිධානයෙන් ඉවත් වූ අතර, 1951 දී සංවිධානයට එක්වූ දකුණු වියට්නාමයද 1976 ජුලි 2 වන දින වියට්නාම සමාජවාදී ජනරජය මගින් අනුප්‍රාප්තවීම නිසා සංවිධානයෙන් බැහැර වුණි. 1978 දී ඉවත් වූවත් පසුව නැවතත් 2001 නොවම්බර් 5 සිට 2003 නොවැම්බර් 18 දක්වා කාලය තුල සංවිධානයේ තාවකාලික රාජ්‍යයක් ලෙස පෙනී සිටි වියට්නාමයට, 2004 වසරේදී පූර්ණ සාමාජිකත්වය හිමිවිණි.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
 Colombo Plan - නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය
 International Organizations - කොළඹ ක්‍රමය

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පදනම් කරගත් සංවිධාන

කොළඹ ක්‍රමය


Robert Busnel (Toulon, 14. rujna 1914. – Feyzin, Rhôde, 15. ožujka 1991.) bio je francuski košarkaš i trener. Postumno je izabran za člana FIBA-ine Kuće slavnih, Francuske košarkaške akademije i dobitnik je francuske nagrade "Slava sporta". Pet je puta bio državni prvak, a za reprezentaciju je nastupao 35 puta.

Bio je predsjednik Francuske federacije (1966. – 1980.) i Međunarodne federacije košarke (1984. – 1990.).

Izvori

Francuski košarkaši
Francuski košarkaški treneri

Robert Busnel


Osman Đikić (Mostar, 7. siječnja 1879. – Mostar, 30. ožujka 1912.) bošnjački pjesnik i novinar, glavni urednik lista Gajret.

Životopis
Rođen je 7. siječnja 1879. u Mostaru kao dijete Ahmeta (1858. – 1918.) i Hane Đikić (rođena kao Kurt; umrla 1908.). U Mostaru je završio osnovu školu te pet godina gimnazije u Gimnaziji Mostar iz koje je izbačen zbog nacionalističkih aktivnosti. Školovanje je nastavio u Beogradu, Istanbulu te u Beču, gdje je završio Trgovačku akademiju. Godine 1905. vjenčao se s glumicom Zorom Topalović ili Mihailović u Beču. Nakon što je završio Trgovačku akademiju u Beču, Đikić je službovao kao bankovni činovnik u Zagrebu, Brčkom i Mostaru. Od 1907. uređivao je mostarski list Musavat te objavljivao tekstove u Bosansko-hercegovačkom glasniku.

Književno djelovanje

Osman Đikić bio je poznati pjesnik i dramatičar u Bosni i Hercegovini. Njegovo pjesništvo bilo je sklono didaktičnosti, s elementima ljubavi, domoljublja i religije koje su služile kao glavne teme. Svoje pjesme prvo je objavljivao u novinama kao što su: Behar, Bosanska vila i Zora. Godine 1900. u Beogradu objavljeno je Pobratimstvo, jedna od njegovih prvih zbiraka pjesama. Ta je zbirka sadržavale domoljubne pjesme među kojima su i pjesme Omer-bega Sulejmanpašića Skopljaka i Avde Karabegovića. Zbirku nije dobro primio Osman Nuri Hadžić te ju je strogo kritizirao u Beharu. Hadžićeve kritike spriječile su daljnje objavljivanje Đikićevih pjesama unutar Behara.

Osman Đikić kao folklorist skupljao je narodne pjesme iz Mostara i susjednog Stoca. Te narodne pjesme činile su zbirku Hercegovački biser dugu 5.000 stihova. Nju je Đikić poklonio Srpskoj akademiji znanosti i umjetnosti. Kao dramatičar, Đikić je napisao tri drame: Zlatija, objavljena 1906., Stana, objavljenu 1906. ili 1907., te Muhadžir, objavljenu 1908. ili 1909. Autor je nekoliko sevdalinki, uključujući: Đaurko mila, Ašik ostah na te oči i Đela Fato đela zlato.

Političko djelovanje
Nakon što je Austro-Ugarska zauzela Bosna i Hercegovina 1878. godine, Austro-Ugarska je pokušala iskorijeniti etnički nacionalizam u Bosni i Hercegovini ujedinjenjem triju naroda Bosne i Hercegovine (Hrvate, Srbe i Bošnjake) u jedan narod. Tu ideju nisu dobro prihvatili narodi koji su nastanjivali Bosni i Hercegovini. Naprotiv, ta tri naroda htjeli su ostvariti vlastite nacionalističke težnje. Đikić je također postao žrtva ovih težnji. 1909. godine preselio se u Sarajevo gdje je potajno postao član Muslimanske narodne organizacije (MNO). Ranije je MNO preuzeo kontrolu nad Gajretom, kulturno-obrazovnom društvom čiji je suosnivač bio Safvet-beg Bašagić. Gajret je bila jedina tadašnja organizacija koja je pomagala siromašnim muslimanskim studentima. MNO je 1907. osnovala politički časopis Gajret. MNO je 1909. postavio Đikića na mjesto tajnika i urednika časopisa Gajreta.

Đikić je također bio duboki pristaša srpskoga nacionalizma te zagovornik ujedinjene države svih južnih Slavena. Bio je advokat bosanskohercegovačkih muslimana i pravoslavaca. Godine 1910. pokrenuo je opozicijski politički časopis Samouprava, gdje je služio kao glavni urednik.

Smrt
Đikić je umro od tuberkuloze u Mostaru 30. ožujka 1912. u 33. godini života. Pokopan je u Velikom carinskom haremu. Njegov žena, Zora, je nedugo zatim umrla, također od tuberkuloze i to 14. rujna 1912. godine.

Turbe
Srbijanski arhitekt Aleksandar Deroko sagradio je 1936. cigleno turbe u pseudomaurskom stilu za Đikićeve ostatke. No, novosagrađeno turbe nalazilo se unutar harema kod Karađozbegove džamije te su stoga njegovi ostatci premješteni nakon izgradnje turbeta, gdje se nalazio sarkofag iznad njegovog groba. Tijekom Drugoga svjetskoga rata, Ustaše su uništili turbe. Turbe su nakon Drugoga svjetskoga rata obnovili. Turbe je također pretrpjelo štetu tijekom Rata u Bosni i Hercegovini kada su Hrvatske obrambene snage minirale turbe u lipnju 1992. Kao rezultat toga razrušen je sarkofag, a turbe je polovično srušeno. Njegove turbe djelomično je obnovljeneno 1998. godine.

Djela

Zbirke pjesama
 Pobratimstvo (Omer-begom Sulejmanpašićem Skopljakom i Avdom Karabegovićem) (1900.)
 Muslimanskoj mladeži (1902.)
 Ašiklije (1903.)

Drame
 Zlatija (1905.)
 Stana, (1906.)
 Muhadžir (1909.)

Izvori

Vanjske povezice

Životopisi, Mostar
Bošnjački književnici
Bošnjački novinari
Publicisti
Sevdalinka
Bosanskohercegovački urednici

Osman Đikić


Dr. Alejandro Gallinal bzw. Alejandro Gallinal, auch unter dem Namen Cerro Colorado geführt, ist eine Ortschaft in Uruguay.

Geographie
Alejandro Gallinal befindet sich auf dem Gebiet des Departamento Florida in dessen Sektor 9 in der Cuchilla Grande Inferior. Nächstgelegene Ansiedlung ist im Südwesten Reboledo. Westlich des Ortes entspringt der Río Santa Lucía Chico. An der am Nordostrand Alejandro Gallinals gelegenen topographischen Erhebung Cerro Colorado sind die Quellen des Arroyo Timote, des Arroyo del Tigre (Nebenfluss des Arroyo Mansavillagra) und des Arroyo de la Cruz zu finden. Das sich nördlich des Ortes erstreckende Gebiet trägt die Bezeichnung Cuchilla de Mansavillagra.

Geschichte
Durch das Ley 11.893 wurde die bis dahin als Cerro Colorado bezeichnete Ortschaft am 18. Dezember 1952 in Alejandro Gallinal umbenannt. Am 28. Januar 1985 erhielt man durch das Ley 15.708 den Status eines "pueblo" zuerkannt.

Infrastruktur
Durch den Ort führt die Ruta 7. Zudem verläuft die Eisenbahnstrecke Toledo–Rio Branco durch Alejandro Gallinal.

Einwohner
Die Einwohnerzahl von Alejandro Gallinal beträgt 1.357 (Stand: 2011), davon 687 männliche und 670 weibliche.

Quelle: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

Söhne und Töchter Cerro Colorados
 Omar Prego Gadea (1927–2014), Schriftsteller, Journalist und Essayist

Weblinks
 Stadtplan von Alejandro Gallinal / Cerro Colorado (PDF; 97 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Departamento Florida

Alejandro Gallinal


La Fundación de Sociedades Europeas de Coleccionistas de Armas (FESAC por sus siglas en francés), es una organización paraguas que engloba a distintas entidades de diecisiete países de la Unión Europea (dato correspondiente a 2012). Su objetivo es influir activamente en la definición de la política europea supranacional sobre el coleccionismo de armas históricas.

Trayectoria y filosofía
La Fundación de Sociedades Europeas de Coleccionistas de Armas fue creada en 1993 en Maastricht, Holanda, y en la actualidad está registrada en Ámsterdam. Siendo una organización transnacional, su sede se fija en el país de residencia del presidente de turno, actualmente Malta. La base de su ideología sostiene que las armas son parte fundamental del patrimonio de las naciones, y por tanto deben ser preservadas tanto por museos como por particulares, y tiene como propósito promover las actividades de coleccionismo, investigación y conservación de armas de fuego y artículos relacionados en su estado y forma originales.

Política y legislación
La implicación activa de la fundación en lo referente a la legislación europea en materia de armas está en sus mismos orígenes, dado que su grupo de fundadores cuenta con asesores para gobiernos y miembros de comisiones ministeriales en esta materia. Algunos han participado, directa e indirectamente, en la redacción de la directiva europea (2008/51/CE).

Teniendo carácter supranacional, y en vista de los diferentes proyectos de ley y prácticas empeladas en algunos de los Estados Miembros, FESAC es un férreo opositor a la idea que las legislaciones nacionales en materia de armas se impongan sobre la normativa europea, alegando que el principio de subsidiariedad en sí no otorga a los gobiernos libertad para proceder a lo que considera destrucción del patrimonio nacional y europeo.

Para defender su postura, la fundación aduce que tanto la normativa europea como el correspondiente protocolo de la ONU y la Nomenclatura Arancelaria de Bruselas (NAB), apoyan sus argumentos. En el caso de la NAB, considera que la inclusión de las armas de colección en el apartado de "artículos coleccionables de interés histórico" (Código SA 97.05) le da la razón.

Colaboraciones
Siendo una organización global, la labor de la fundación se basa en las colaboraciones entre las entidades que la conforman, y el intercambio de información entre los delegados de las mismas.

Adicionalmente, dado que tiene como objetivo promover el estudio de las armas en el contexto histórico, colabora con coleccionistas y museos nacionales que comparten su visión. Entre otros, la fundación mantiene estrechos lazos con el Comité Internacional de Museos de Armas e Historia Militar (ICOMAM por sus siglas en inglés).

Estructura y órganos
La junta directiva está formada por el presidente de la fundación, vicepresidente, secretario y tesorero, con los delegados de los países miembros ejerciendo de vocales. Cada delegado representa a un país, y se designa por la entidad miembro de la fundación en dicho país. Sólo puede haber un delegado por país, y en la mayoría de los casos cada país sólo cuenta con una entidad miembro (normalmente se trata de una asociación u otra organización sin ánimo de lucro). El delegado propuesto, normalmente una persona conocedora de la legislación local y conocida por las entidades de coleccionistas locales, una vez admitido, toma posesión como miembro de la directiva de la fundación, un cargo que se renueva anualmente. Durante el año de ejercicio el delegado representa la postura de su país, vota en nombre del mismo e informa a las entidades relevantes de las actuaciones realizadas. Cada delegado, y por tanto cada país miembro, tiene un solo voto.

El presidente es un miembro de la junta directiva elegido entre los delegados por sus pares. Una vez confirmado en el cargo renuncia su puesto de delegado, cediendo los poderes al siguiente candidato propuesto por la entidad representante de su país.

Los miembros de la directiva se reúnen una vez al año, en la conferencia anual, a la que también acuden asesores, observadores y demás invitados. Durante la conferencia, los delegados presentan los informes relativos a la situación del coleccionismo de armas en su país y repasan la estrategia para los próximos doce meses. Se aprovecha también para nombrar los nuevos delegados y demás miembros de la directiva.

Países y entidades con voto en la directiva

 : Interessengemeinschaft liberales Waffenrecht in Österreich (IWÖ)
 : Societe des Amis du Musee de l'Armee (SAMA)
 : Vaabenhistorisk Selskab (VHS)
 : Asociación Nacional del Arma de España (ANARMA)
 :  Suomen Asehistoriallinen Seura r.y. (SAS)
 : Union Française des amateurs d'Armes (UFA)
 : Arms & Armour Society (A&AS)
 : Associazione Amici del Museo delle Armi di Terni (AMAT)

 : Association of Maltese Arms Collectors & Shooters (AMACS)
 : Norsk Vĺpenhistorisk Selskap (NVS)
 :  Sociedade Portuguesa De Armas Antigas (SPAA)
 : Arms & Armour Society (A&AS)
 : Asociatia Nationala A Colectionarilor De Arme (ANCA)
 : Svenska Vapenstiftelsen (SVEVAP)
 : Association suisse pour l'étude des armes et armures (ASEAA)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Web oficial de FESAC (en inglés)
 Comité Internacional de Museos de Armas e Historia Militar (en inglés)

Europea de Sociedades de Coleccionistas de Armas
Coleccionistas
Armas

Fundación Europea de Sociedades de Coleccionistas de Armas


Marrocos participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, realizados em Pequim, na China.

Foi a oitava aparição do país em Olimpíadas de Inverno. Foi representado por um único atleta: Yassine Aouich, no esqui alpino.

Competidores
Esta foi a participação por modalidade nesta edição:

Desempenho

Masculino

Ligações externas

Marrocos
2022
Desporto no Marrocos em 2022

Marrocos nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022


Kureyşlisarıkaya, Erzincan ilinin Üzümlü ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Kureyşli olup, Kurmanci'de "Korêş" sözcüğü "aş" anlamına gelmektedir.

Coğrafya

Köy, Erzincan il merkezine 40 km, Üzümlü ilçe merkezine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Üzümlü belde ve köyleri

Kureyşlisarıkaya


Najbolji u letu (eng. Top Wing) je kanadska animirana serija. Autor je Matthew Fernandes. Serija ima 2 sezone i sve skupa 52 epizode po 22 - 25 minuta.

U izradi, televizijske serije

Izvori

Animirane televizijske serije

Najbolji u letu


Rifat Pašić (Banja Luka, 1920. - Zagreb, 8. prosinca 2006.), bio je sudionik NOB-a, viši djelatnik Ozne i Udbe NR Hrvatske te visoki partijski dužnosnik.

Djetinjstvo i mladost
Rođen je 1920. u Banjoj Luci, gdje završava pučku (osnovnu) i srednju školu, da bi potom studij medicine upisao na zagrebačkom Medicinskom fakultetu, kojeg nikad nije završio. Tijekom studija u Zagrebu, priključio se ilegalnom komunističkom pokretu, prvo je pristupio SKOJ-u, potom biva primljen u KPJ. Kao aktivist sudjelovao je u propagandnim aktivnostima djeljenja letaka i brošura među studentskom populacijom.

Drugi svjetski rat
Početak Drugoga svjetskog rata, okupacija Kraljevine Jugoslavije i uspostava NDH, zatekli su ga u Banjoj Luci, odakle se nakon izbijanja ustanka, u srpnju 1941., priključio narodnooslobodilačkom pokretu na području Moslavine. U jedinicama Narodnooslobodilačke vojske Jugoslavije (NOVJ) prošao je ratni put od borca do viših i odgovornijih dužnosti, da bi, na jesen 1944., bio imenovan u službu u Ozni, te je kraj rata, u svibnju 1945., dočekao na mjestu zapovjednika zarobljeničkog logora Kanal u Zagrebu.

Karijera u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji
Kao viši djelatnik Ozne sudjelovao je u isljeđivanju i sprovođenju kardinala Alojzija Stepinca na odsluženje kazne zatvora u KPD Lepoglava, te navodno, kazavši kako je  osobno više puta sudjelovao u trovanju istog. U Ozni, potom Udbi, je proveo još nekoliko godina, da bi potom diplomirao na Ekonomskom fakultetu u Zagrebu, te se zaposlio u poduzeću Merkantile, osnovanom 1950., u Zagrebu, gdje je sredinom 1950-ih bio imenovan za generalnog direktora te je proveo trideset i pet godina staža. Obnašao je dužnost člana Savjeta Visoke škole za vanjsku trgovinu u Zagrebu, a jedno je vrijeme bio imenovan na dužnost zamjenika sekretara u Republičkom sekretarijatu za privredu SR Hrvatske.

Odlazak u mirovinu i smrt
Nakon odlaska u mirovinu bio je aktivan u lokalnoj organizaciji SKH, da bi nakon demokratskih promjena u Hrvatskoj, 1990., sudjelovao je u radu Udruge antifašističkih boraca i antifašista Medveščak iz Zagreba.

Umro je u osamdeset i šestoj godini, 8. prosinca 2006., u Zagrebu. Pokopan je ma gradskom groblju Mirogoj.

Izvori

Partizanski zapovjednici
Komunisti u drugoj Jugoslaviji

Rifat Pašić


Laundi (en hindi: लौंड़ी ) es una localidad de la India en el distrito de Chhatarpur, estado de Madhya Pradesh.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 201  a 442 km de la capital estatal, Bhopal, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 29 982 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Madhya Pradesh

Laundi


Reykjavíkurnætur voru íslenskir aðstæðukomedíuþættir í leikstjórn Agnars Jón Egilssonar sem einnig var höfundur handrits. Þættirnir voru sýndir vorið 2005 á Stöð 2. Aðalframleiðandi var Baltasar Kormákur. Stjórn kvikmyndatöku annaðist Jón Karl Helgason og klippari var Viðar Víkingsson. Sögn ehf. styrkti þættina.

Þættirnir fjölluðu um fjögur ungmenni á djammtímabilinu sínu. Þættirnir áttu að líkjast Vinum.

Leikarar voru Víkingur Kristjánsson, Þórunn Erna Clausen, Björn Hlynur Haraldsson og Inga María Valdimarsdóttir.

Þættirnir urðu sex talsins, fyrsti var sýndur þann 11. mars 2005 og sá síðasti 15. apríl 2005.

Heimildir
Íslenskir aðstæðukomedíuþættir
Íslenskir grínþættir
Íslenskir sjónvarpsþættir

Reykjavíkurnætur (sjónvarpsþættir)


Iyabo Obasanjo est une femme politique nigériane née le 27 avril 1967. Elle est la fille de l'ancien président nigérian Olusegun Obasanjo. Elle est jusqu'en mai 2011 la sénatrice d'Ogun central dans l'état d'Ogun.

Biographie
Obasanjo a commencé son cursus scolaire à la Corona School à Victoria Island, à Lagos puis à  la Capital School à Kaduna et enfin au Queen's College à Lagos. Elle est titulaire d'un diplôme de médecine vétérinaire à l'université d'Ibadan en 1988, d'une maîtrise en épidémiologie à l'université de Californie à Davis aux États-Unis en 1990, et d'un doctorat sur le même sujet à l'université Cornell, à Ithaca à New York en 1994.

Carrière académique
Elle travaille dans la recherche clinique aux États-Unis avant de retourner au Nigeria en 2003. Elle est membre2013 de la Havard's Advanced Leadership Initiative. Elle est professeure assistant au College of William & Mary au département des sciences de la santé.

Carrière politique
Avant son élection sénatoriale, Obasanjo à occupé le poste de commissaire à la santé de l'État d'Ogun. Elle est élue sénatrice nigériane représentant le district sénatorial central de l'État d'Ogun en avril 2007. En 2011, elle se représente à sa propre réélection sous les couleurs du parti démocratique populaire mais est battue par Olugbenga Onaolapo Obadara de l'action Congress of Nigeria.

Tentative d'assassinat
En avril 2003, le jour des élections générales, sa voiture est la cible de tirs sur Ifo Road dans l'État d'Ogun. Bien qu'elle ne soit pas dans la voiture, trois adultes et deux enfants qui s'y trouvaient sont morts. Les auteurs de l'attentat n'ont jamais été retrouvés.

Publications
Iyabo Obasanjo a coécrit :

Références

Gouverneur

Iyabo Obasanjo


İcra kurulu başkanı veya yürütme kurulu başkanı ya da İngilizceden çevirisi ile yönetim ofisleri şefi (, CEO), bir şirket, örgüt ya da acentenin en üst dereceli yöneticisidir.

Nispeten az hissedarı olan şirketlerde () geleneksel olarak COO, aynı zamanda yönetim kurulu başkanıdır. Özellikle bir kişi başkan ve CEO unvanlarını elinde tutarken başka biri de başkanlık görevinde ya da bir şirketin günlük işlerini yürütmekle sorumlu yöneticisi ( - 'COO') olur. ABD'de CEO, Birleşik Krallık'ta ise Yönetici Müdür () terimi tercih edilir. Bu yönetimin altındaki yönetici, ABD'de İcra Kurulu Başkan Yardımcısı (), Birleşik Krallık'ta ise Yetkili Müdür (Executive Director) diye adlandırılır. Halka açık şirketlerde CEO ve başkanlık görevleri birbirlerinden ayrılabilir.

Sorumlulukları
Şirketin yasal yapısına bağlı olarak, Yönetim Kurulu veya başka bir yetkili merci tarafından belirlenir. Bu sorumluluklar son derece kapsayıcı veya sınırlandırılmış olabilir ve genellikle Yetkili bir heyete bağlı olurlar. Çoğu zaman bu yetkiler; şirketin stratejisini ve siyasi tutumunu belirleme, liderlik, yöneticilik, şirketin iletişimi ve alınan kararları uygulama gibi alanları kapsar. İcra Kurulu Başkanı iletişimden sorumlu olarak basına ve şirketin çalışanlarına gerekli açıklamaları yapar. Lider olarak yönetim kuruluna gerekli tavsiyeleri verir, çalışanları motive eder ve şirket içindeki değişiklikleri yönetir. Bir yönetici olarak da şirketin günlük operasyonlarını yönetir. Bu özellikler İcra Kurulu Başkanının şirketin tüm sektörlerdeki birimleri ve iş alanları - faaliyetler, reklam, finans, insan kaynakları da dahil olmak üzere- üzerinde hayati kararları verme yetkisi olduğunu gösterir. İcra Kurulu Başkanı şirketin sahibi olmak zorunda değildir.

Özellikleri
Carola Frydman'ın bir çalışmasına göre, 1936'dan 2000'lerin başına kadar olan süreçte MBA yapmış olan İcra Kurulu Başkanlarının oranında çok ciddi bir artış olmuştur. 1960 yılında %10 civarında olan oran 2000'lerin başına geldiğimizde %50'ye kadar yükselmiştir. 2016 yılında S&P'nin açıkladığı en büyük 500 şirketten 20'sinin İcra Kurulu Başkanı kadındır. Bu yaklaşık olarak genelin %4'lük kısmına tekabül eder.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Genel müdür

Kaynakça

İşletme meslekleri

İcra kurulu başkanı


Robert Byington Mitchell (1823-1882), brigadier général de l'armée de l'Union durant la guerre de Sécession puis gouverneur du territoire du Nouveau-Mexique.
 Spring Byington (1886-1971),  actrice américaine ;
 Dillon, de son vrai nom Dominique Dillon de Byington (1988-), auteure-compositrice-interprète et pianiste brésilienne basée en Allemagne.

Byington


Albert VII. Habsburški (Bečko Novo Mjesto, 13. studenoga 1559. – Bruxelles, 15. lipnja 1621.) poznat i kao Albert Pobožni bio je vladar Španjolske Nizozemske te nadvojvoda Austrije i Gornje Austrije.

Austrijski vladari
Nizozemski monarsi
Habsburgovci

Albert VII. Habsburški


Saarijärvi es una ciudad y municipio de Finlandia ubicado en la región de Finlandia Central.

En 2022, en un área de 1422,73 km², el municipio tenía una población de 8975 habitantes, de los que algo más de la mitad vivían en la propia ciudad.

La ciudad se fundó en 1639 y consiguió los derechos de ciudad en 1986. Saarijärvi tiene diferentes sitios de ocio, como un campamento y un parque nacional.

Se ubica unos 50 km al noroeste de Jyväskylä, sobre la carretera 13 que lleva a Kokkola.

Referencias

Saarijärvi

Saarijärvi


Para el guitarrista de jazz-rock, ver Steve Khan

Stephen ("Steve") Lewis Kuhn (Brooklyn, Nueva York, 24 de marzo de 1938) es un pianista y compositor estadounidense de jazz.

Historial
Estudió inicialmente piano clásico, aunque desde muy pronto comenzó a acompañar a músicos de jazz en clubs de Boston, donde se había trasladado para estudiar en Harvard, entre ellos a Coleman Hawkins, Chet Baker y Vic Dickenson. En 1959 entró a formar parte de la bada de Kenny Dorham, a quien dejó para tocar con John Coltrane, aunque estuvo muy poco tiempo con él. A partir de 1960, toca y graba con Stan Getz y Art Farmer, hasta que se instala en Estocolmo, en 1967. A comienzos de la década de 1970, Kuhn participa en happenings electrónicos, de carácter didáctico, impulsados por el crítico Don Heckman. A partir de 1974, comienza a grabar para el sello ECM, en un estilo de "fusión de cámara", colaborando con Sheila Jordan, Steve Swallow y otros, hasta ya entrados los años 1980. Entre sus discos, encontramos colaboraciones con músicos tan dispares como Toshiko Akiyoshi, Gary McFarland, Max Roach, Pee Wee Russell o Bob Brookmeyer, aparte de los ya citados.

Como pianista, está muy influenciado por Bill Evans, que fue el primero en desarrollar conceptos de romanticismo con tensión moderna, en palabras de Berendt, y en ese sentido Kuhn se anticipó a los pianista que desarrollaron ese estilo en ECM, en los años 1980 (Chick Corea, Keith Jarret, Art Lande...). Paulatinamente, se ha ido definiendo en solitario como un pianista con tocar refinado, articulación neta, con predilección por los climas intimistas, a la vez que, con formaciones más grandes, muestra una singular libertad formal.

Discografía

Como líder
1963 - The Country and Western Sound of Jazz Pianos con Toshiko Akiyoshi (Dauntless)
1966 - Three Waves (Contact)
1966 - The October Suite con Gary McFarland (Impulse!)
1968 - Watch What Happens (MPS), también publicado como Steve Kuhn in Europe (Prestige)
1969 - Childhood Is Forever (Charly/BYG)
1972 - Chicken Feathers (con Monica Zetterlund)
1972 - Raindrops (Steve Kuhn Live in New York)
1972 - Steve Kuhn
1974 - Ecstasy (ECM)
1974 - Trance (ECM)
1977 - Motility (ECM)
1978 - Non-Fiction (ECM)
1979 - Playground (ECM) con Sheila Jordan
1981 - Last Year's Waltz (ECM)
 1984  Mostly Ballads (New World Records) con Harvie Swartz
 1986  The Vanguard Time (Owl Time Line)
 1986  Life's Magic (Black Hawk)
 1988  Porgy (Jazz City)
 1988  Porgy (Evidence) con Eddie Gomez, Buster Williams y Al Foster
 1989  Oceans In The Sky (Owl)
 1990  Looking Back (Concord)
 1990  Live At Maybeck Recital Hall. Volume 13 (Concord)
 1992  Years Later (Concord) con David Finck y Lewis Nash
 1995  Remembering Tomorrow (ECM) con David Finck y Joey Baron
 1995  Seasons Of Romance (Postcards Records) con Tom Harrell, Bob Mintzer, George Mraz y Al Foster
 1998  Dedication (Reservoir) con David Finck y Billy Drummond
 1998  Love Walked In (Venus) con Buster Williams y Bill Stewart
 1999  Countdown (Reservoir)
 2000  The Best Things (Reservoir)
 2007  Live at Birdland (EMI/Blue Note) con Ron Carter y Al Foster
 2009  Mostly Coltrane (ECM) con David Finck, Joey Baron, y Joe Lovano

Como acompañante
 1960  Kenny Dorham: Jazz Contemporary (Time)
 1961  Stan Getz: Recorded Fall 1961 (Verve) incluyendo a Bob Brookmeyer y Roy Haynes
 1965  Art Farmer: Sing Me Softly Of The Blues (Atlantic)
 1965  Pete La Roca: Basra (Blue Note)
 1966  Oliver Nelson: Sound Pieces (Impulse!)
 1966  Pee Wee Russell y Henry "Red" Allen: The College Concert (Impulse!)
 1979  Steve Swallow: Home (ECM)
 1981  David Darling: Cycles (ECM, 1981)
 1991  Steve Swallow: Swallow () con Carla Bley y John Scofield
 1997  Sheila Jordan: Jazz Child (High Note)

Como colaborador puntual

 1966 "The October Suite" (Impulse) con Gary McFarland
 2004 "Promises Kept" (ECM) con Carlos Franzetti

Recopilatorios y Box-set
 2009 "Life's Backward Glances" (box set): Solo Piano, Tríos, y Cuartetos con Steve Slagle o Sheila Jordan.

Bibliografía

 Joachim E. Berendt: El Jazz: Origen y desarrollo (Fondo de Cultura Económica. Madrid, 1986. ISBN 84-375-0260-8)

 CARLES, Phillipe; CLERGEAT, André y COMOLLI, Jean-Louis: Dictionaire du jazz. Robert Laffont Edt., París, 1988. ISBN 2-221-04516-5

Notas y referencias

Pianistas de jazz de Estados Unidos
Músicos de jazz moderno
Músicos de bop
Músicos de free jazz

Steve Kuhn


Tennis-Dameneinzel der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1988.

Titelverteidigerin war Helen Wills. Das Finale bestritten Steffi Graf und Gabriela Sabatini, das Graf in zwei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Zeichenerklärung

Ergebnisse

Viertelfinale, Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Obere Hälfte 3

Obere Hälfte 4

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte 3

Untere Hälfte 4

Weblinks

Tennis-Dameneinzel
1988
Tennisturnier in Seoul
Tennisturnier 1988

Olympische Sommerspiele 1988/Tennis/Dameneinzel


La Marne (en anglais : Marne River) est une rivière d'Australie, affluent du Murray. D'une longueur de , elle fait partie du bassin versant du Murray-Darling.

Étymologie
Nommée Taingappa par les peuples Ngarrindjeri, elle a ensuite été appelée Rhine River South, jusqu'en 1917. Les sentiments anti-allemands nés de la Première Guerre mondiale l'ont fait rebaptiser, en hommage à la Marne.

Géographie
Totalement située en Australie-Méridionale, à l'est d'Adélaïde, elle traverse, notamment, Cambrai.

Hydrologie

Notes et références

Cours d'eau en Australie-Méridionale

Marne (Australie-Méridionale)


Huma-Porcellone-syndromet er en dansk kortfilm fra 2007 med instruktion og manuskript af Signe Astrup.

Handling

Medvirkende
 Sigurd Emil Roldborg - Jens Bonde
 Stine Holm Joensen - Gitte Bonde
 Katja Dyring - Eva Nielsen
 Anelia Alexandrova - Turist fra Bulgarien
 Thomas Hailer - Turist fra Schweiz
 Dipen Amitabh Patel - Turist fra Indien
 Maria Madsen - Turist fra USA
 Linda Frøkjær Jensen - Turist fra Brasilien
 Ivan Jensen - Turist fra Tyskland
 Bitten Yvette Jakobsen - Turist fra Tyskland
 Kristoffer Jakobsen - Turist fra Tyskland

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2007

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Huma-Porcellone-syndromet


Farruca () is a form of flamenco music developed in the late 19th century. Classified as a cante chico, it is traditionally sung and danced by men. Its origin is traditionally associated with Galicia, a region in northern Spain.

An instrumental adaptation of the farruca was developed by guitarist Ramón Montoya and flamenco dancer Faíco in the 20th century. Others who stylized and expanded farruca include Antonio de Bilbao, Manolito la Rosa and El Batato. Although there are female flamenco dancers who exclusively danced farruca too (such as Rafaela Valverde "La Tanguera"), these female dancers originally danced the farruca wearing male clothing. Women dancers such as Carmen Amaya and Sara Baras have also created well-known versions of the dance.

History
Farruco is a way of calling the Franciscos and the Asturians in Andalusia. Farruco was also the name that people from Andalusia used to denominate people from Galicia, from where this song likely originates. In Flamenco, being mostly an oral tradition, the lyrics often give valuable hints about their origins, and Farruca lyrics undoubtedly allude to the Galicia region. Further proof can be established from the descending melody that is performed on the vowel 'a' at the end of each couplet and to close the "cante" (Spanish for song or singing), which in a certain way tends to imitate the Galician melos. Another feature of Farruca cante is the use of glossolalia, "con el tran-tran-tran-treiro", which is reminiscent of the Galician region. It has to be stressed, though, that to this day its geographic origin has not been proven scientifically.

Dance
The original dance version is due to the Sevillian dancer Faíco who was accompanied by Ramón Montoya, who is said to have invented the typical farruca melody for the guitar. The success was thunderous and from then on many other dancers stylized and expanded this flamenco style, such as El Gato or Antonio Gades. Montoya's dance adaptation of the farruca is seldom sung. It is commonly played in the key of A minor, with each compás equivalent to 2 measures of 4/4 time with emphasis on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th beats: [1] 2 [3] 4 [5] 6 [7] 8

The dance often has fast turns, quick intense footwork, held lifts and falls, dramatic poses and bursts of filigrana (often with a flat hand). It can also be danced with a cape.

References

Bibliography

Flamenco styles
Spanish dances

Farruca


Joel Kinnaman (né en 1979), acteur suédo-américain, demi-frère de Melinda ;
  (1877-1961), archéologue américain ;
  (née en 1953), actrice et danseuse américaine ;
 Melinda Kinnaman (née en 1971), actrice suédo-américaine, demi-sœur de Joel.

Kinnaman


Jeffrey Dean Morgan () este un actor american cunoscut mai ales pentru rolul lui Negan în serialul TV The Walking Dead, comediantul în filmul Cei ce veghează (2009), Denny Duquette din Anatomia lui Grey și John Winchester din Supernatural.

Filmografie

Film

Televiziune

Video games

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1966
Actori de film americani
Actori de televiziune americani

Jeffrey Dean Morgan


Baron Feversham is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation, in the Peerage of Great Britain, came in 1747 when Anthony Duncombe, who had earlier represented Salisbury and Downton in the House of Commons, was made Lord Feversham, Baron of Downton, in the County of Wilts. He had previously inherited half of the enormous fortune of his uncle Sir Charles Duncombe. However, Lord Feversham had no sons and the barony became extinct on his death in 1763. The peerage was revived in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1826 in favour of his kinsman Charles Duncombe, who was created Baron Feversham, of Duncombe Park in the County of York. He was a former Member of Parliament for Shaftesbury, Aldborough, Heytesbury and Newport. Duncombe was the grandson of Thomas Duncombe, son of John Brown (who assumed the surname Duncombe) by his wife Ursula Duncombe, aunt of the first Baron of the 1747 creation. Ursula had inherited the other half of her brother Sir Charles Duncombe's fortune. Lord Feversham son, the second Baron, sat as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Yorkshire and the North Riding of Yorkshire.

He was succeeded by his son, the third Baron. He represented East Retford and the North Riding of Yorkshire in the House of Commons as a Conservative. On 25 July 1868 he was created Viscount Helmsley, of Helmsley in the North Riding of the County of York, and Earl of Feversham, of Ryedale in the North Riding of the County of York. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Earl, who sat in Parliament as a Conservative representative for Thirsk and Malton. He was killed in the First World War, when the titles were inherited by his son, the third Earl. He notably served as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1934 to 1936 in the National Government. On his death in 1963 the viscountcy and earldom became extinct. However, he was succeeded in the barony of Feversham by his distant relative (his fourth cousin), the sixth Baron. He was the great-great-grandson of Admiral the Honourable Arthur Duncombe, fourth son of the first Baron.  the title is held by his eldest son, the seventh Baron, who succeeded in 2009.

Several other members of the Duncombe family have also gained distinction. Anthony Duncombe, father of the first Baron of the 1747 creation, was Member of Parliament for Hedon. The aforementioned Sir Charles Duncombe, uncle of the first Baron of the 1747 creation, was a wealthy banker. Thomas Slingsby Duncombe, nephew of the first Baron of the 1826 creation, was a Radical politician. The aforementioned Admiral Arthur Duncombe, fourth son of the first Baron, was an Admiral in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament. He was the father of 1) Arthur Duncombe, a Conservative Member of Parliament, and 2) George Augustus Duncombe, who was created a baronet in 1919 (see Duncombe baronets). The Very Reverend Augustus Duncombe (1814–1880), younger son of the first Baron, was Dean of York. The Honourable Octavius Duncombe, younger son of the first Baron, represented the North Riding of Yorkshire in Parliament.

The ancestral seat of the Duncombe family is Duncombe Park near Helmsley, Yorkshire.

Barons Feversham, first creation (1747)
Anthony Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham (1695–1763)

Barons Feversham, second creation (1826)
Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham (1764–1841)
Charles Duncombe (c. 1795 – 1819)
William Duncombe, 2nd Baron Feversham (1798–1867)
Hon. Albert Duncombe (1826–1846)
William Ernest Duncombe, 3rd Baron Feversham (1829–1915) (created Earl of Feversham in 1868)

Earls of Feversham (1868)
William Ernest Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham (1829–1915)
William Reginald Duncombe, Viscount Helmsley (1852–1881)
Charles William Reginald Duncombe, 2nd Earl of Feversham (1879–1916)
Charles William Slingsby Duncombe, 3rd Earl of Feversham (1906–1963)

Barons Feversham, second creation (1826; reverted)
(Charles Anthony) Peter Duncombe, 6th Baron Feversham (1945–2009)
Jasper Orlando Slingsby Duncombe, 7th Baron Feversham (born 1968)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Orlando Balthazar Duncombe (born 2009).

Male-line family tree

See also
Earl of Feversham
Duncombe baronets

References

External links

Baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Duncombe family
Noble titles created in 1747
Noble titles created in 1826
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Baron Feversham


أغنانتيرون (Αγναντερόν) هي مدينة في كارديتسا في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1560 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن اليونان

أغنانتيرون (كارديتسا)


بيير دانزيلي ( في سيت)  لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم فرنسي معتزل كان يجيد اللعب في مركز المهاجم .

المسيرة الرياضية
ساهم في تتويج نادي سيت ببطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى موسم 1938/1939 .

بعد اعتزاله النهائي لعب كرة القدم اتجه إلى تدريب نادي سيت سنة 1947 ثم تولى تدريب نادي ديجون من 1960 إلى 1962 . في مارس 1970 حل مكان جان بيير باكريم في تدريب نادي بوردو حتى نهاية الموسم . خلال هذه الفترة البسيطة منح الفرصة للاعب الشاب ألاين غيريسي للبروز والذي أصبح فيما بعد من نجوم الكرة الفرنسية . بعد انتهاء عقده حل مكانه أندريه جيرارد . بعد ذلك تولى تدريب نادي أيكس لفترة بسيطة .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو روين
لاعبو سيت
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو نيم
مئويون فرنسيون
مدربو سيت
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مدربو نادي بوردو
مواليد 1917
مواليد في سيت

بيير دانزيلي


Robert Bubalo (Zagreb, 25. prosinca 1969.) hrvatski je i hercegovački novinar, urednik, filmski redatelj, scenarist i producent. Jedan je od osnivača i producent Mediteran Film Festivala u Širokom Brijegu, te je autor nagrađivanog dokumentarnog filma Izgubljeno dugme.

Životopis
Kao mladić zarađivao radeći na naftnim platformama. Za vrijeme studija novinarstva okušao se kao radijski novinar, potom je prešao na Hrvatsku radioteleviziju, a nakon što je diplomirao skrasio se u tisku. Pisao je za Slobodnu Dalmaciju, Arenu, Jutarnji list, te na koncu za Večernji list u kojemu i danas radi kao urednik Nedjeljnog Večernjeg.

Filmografija

 Spori jahači (2002.), režiser
 3 dana (2012.), koproducent
 Izgubljeno dugme (2015.), scenarist, režiser i producent
 23 grama (2018.), režiser i producent
 2068. (2019.), scenarist i režiser
 Bure Bareta (2019.), autor i producent
 Hassanovi ratovi - radni naslov (2020.), scenarist i režiser

Izvori
 Robert Bubalo, Večernji list, Izbor najboljih filmova u hrvatskim kinima u 2018. // [ https://www.vecernji.hr/kultura/top-10-fimova-koje-smo-ove-godine-gledali-u-hrvatskim-kinima-1290870]
 Robert Bubalo, Večernji list, Intervju s glumcem Goranom Bogdanom // </big>
Filmski producenti
Filmski scenaristi

Robert Bubalo


A Igreja Presbiteriana da Libéria (em inglês Presbyterian Church of Liberia) - é uma denominação protestante reformada, fundada na Libéria em 1833, a partir do trabalho missionário da Igreja Presbiteriana nos Estados Unidos da América.

É a terceira denominação protestante mais antiga do país e conhecida pelo seu trabalho educacional e social.

História
Em 1831, a Assembleia Geral da Igreja Presbiteriana nos Estados Unidos da América (IPEUA) aprovou uma resolução pedindo às suas congregações que fizessem uma coleta destinada a auxiliar os afro-americanos que estavam se mudando para o que posteriormente seria a Libéria.

Em 1833, o Presbitério de Pittsburgh, da IPEUA, enviou o Rev. John Brooke Pinney para a Libéria. Este foi o primeiro missionário enviado pela denominação a outro país.

Após chegar a Liberia, Pinney fundou a Primeira Igreja Presbiteriana em Monróvia, que futuramente seria a capital do país após a independência.

A igreja foi a primeira denominação a estabelecer uma escola secundária na Libéria - a Alexander High School, onde notáveis liberianos, incluindo E. Wilmot Bylden e o décimo primeiro presidente da Libéria, Hilary Richard Wright Johnson, foram educados.

Os reverendos Amos Herring e Ephraim Tilter foram os dois presbiterianos entre os 11 signatários da Declaração de Independência da Libéria, em 1846.

Em 1848, um ano depois que a Libéria declarou sua independência, a Assembleia Geral da IPEUA criou o Presbitério da África Ocidental, que englobava o estado recém-independente, e o anexou ao Sínodo de Filadélfia. Em 1894, o presbitério tornou-se autônomo e, em 1931, tornou-se a Igreja Presbiteriana da Libéria (IPL).

Em 1980, a IPL tornou-se um Presbitério da Igreja Presbiteriana Cumberland. Está situação durou até 2006, quando o Sínodo da IPL tornou-se totalmente independente novamente.

Doutrina

A denominação subscreve o Credo dos Apóstolos e Credo Niceno. Além disso, permite a ordenação de mulheres

Relações inter-eclesiasticas

A IPL é membro do Conselho Mundial das Igrejas, Comunhão Mundial das Igrejas Reformadas e participa do Conselho das Igrejas da Libéria.

Desde 2018, foi estabelecida contato com a Igreja Presbiteriana (EUA) com o objetivo de receber apoio missionário.

Denominações presbiterianas na Liberia
Membros da Comunhão Mundial das Igrejas Reformadas
Membros do Conselho Mundial de Igrejas

Igreja Presbiteriana da Libéria


The Rockingham Whigs (or Rockinghamites) in 18th-century British politics were a faction of the Whigs led by Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, from about 1762 until his death in 1782. The Rockingham Whigs briefly held power from 1765 to 1766 and again in 1782, and otherwise were usually in opposition to the various ministries of the period.

History
The faction came into existence in 1762, following the dismissal of the Duke of Newcastle's government and the dismissal of many of Newcastle's supporters from their posts by his successor, Lord Bute, in the so-called "Massacre of the Pelhamite Innocents".

For many years Newcastle and his late brother Henry Pelham had dominated parliament and government through their mastery of patronage and the "old corruption", to the point where King George II had proved incapable of dispensing with their services even when he desired to. When the new king, George III, came to the throne in 1760, he was determined to reassert royal power and take the patronage mechanism away from Newcastle and his faction. After their fall from power Newcastle and his remaining loyalists came together to oppose Bute and assert what they believed to be Whig principles dating back to the political conflicts of the previous century. The faction was heavily dominated by wealthy aristocrats, and because of Newcastle's advanced age, effective leadership soon came into the hands of the very wealthy young aristocrat the Marquess of Rockingham, who soon gave his name to the group.

Although the Rockingham Whigs were briefly brought into power in 1765, following the fall of the ministry of George Grenville, this ministry was based on an always uneasy relationship with the crown and collapsed a year later.

In fact, the faction showed less interest in holding office than in preventing a reassertion of royal power. They were prepared to unite with reformers of all kinds to preserve the constitutional settlement of 1689. But their essentially aristocratic and oligarchic character prevented them from collaborating with "Country Party" reformers advocating radical or populistic measures. They also opposed the British position which led to the American Revolution and sought reconciliation after it.

The writer and philosopher Edmund Burke, who served as Rockingham's private secretary, was one of the faction's leading spokesmen in the House of Commons.

They did not favor Irish constitutional goals but when out of power they used Irish problems to embarrass the government. During Rockingham's government in 1765–66, his faction was generally hostile to the Irish Patriot Party, but during the administration of Lord North in 1770–82, it supported the Patriots' charges of mismanagement of Irish affairs. In power again in 1782, the Rockinghamites made concessions to the Patriots' demand for Irish legislative independence. They sought and failed to obtain a permanent solution that would have involved British control over external legislation and Irish control over internal affairs. They also failed to implement British party models in Ireland. Rockinghamites Charles James Fox and Burke were actively involved in Irish issues, says Powell, the former opportunistically and the latter with a genuine interest in reform.

In 1782 they joined forces with other members of the Opposition to bring down the North government which had overseen the American War since the beginning, and was blamed for the surrender of the British army at Yorktown. The new government was led by Rockingham and began to seek peace terms, laying the foundations for the Treaty of Paris agreed in 1783. Rockingham's unexpected death in July 1782 led to a split in the new government with some Rockingham Whigs remaining in office under the new government of Lord Shelburne, and others going into opposition led by Charles James Fox and Edmund Burke. After Rockingham's death, the Duke of Portland became the head of the Rockingham Whig party.

Prominent members

Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle
Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond
William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland
George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle
William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke
Lord John Cavendish
Henry Seymour Conway
William Dowdeswell
Edmund Burke
Augustus Keppel
Charles James Fox
Charles Yorke
Sir Charles Saunders

Electoral performances

References

Further reading

Whig factions
Politics of the Kingdom of Great Britain
Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom

Rockingham Whigs


Édouard Jełowicki, en polonais Edward Bożeniec Jełowicki, (armoiries Jełowicki), né en 1803 à Hubnik, en Ukraine actuelle, et mort le  à Vienne est un insurgent, un militaire polonais, propriétaire et ingénieur centralien. Il fait partie de la Grande Émigration. Il est commandeur de l'artillerie des Forces autrichiennes. puis officier de la Légion étrangère.

Biographie

Famille
Descendant de l'aristocratie ruthénienne sa famille intègre la noblesse polonaise et se convertit de l'orthodoxie au catholicisme au début de la formation de la république des Deux Nations. Édouard est le fils aîné de Wacław (Venceslas) Jełowicki, grand propriétaire et sa femme, Honorata née jaroszyńska. Il a deux frères, dont Aleksander, insurgent, écrivain, éditeur et prêtre et Eustachy, insurgent et propriétaire, ainsi qu'une sœur, Hortensja, l'épouse de Piotr Sobański.

Carrière
Après une éducation soignée à domicile avec ses frères, il sera promu de l'Académie de la reine Thérèse de Vienne. Ensuite, rentré dans son pays natal il est élu Maréchal du Powiat de Haïssyn. En 1830 il est commandeur dans l'insurrection de Novembre en Volhynie, et y participe avec son père et ses deux frères. Son père est tué lors d'une émeute. Édouard et son frère, Aleksander, réussissent de s'échapper derrière la frontière autrichienne. Suivant un long voyage en Europe et en Algérie, où il achète une maison sur la côte, près d'Alger, il décide de continuer des études supérieures. Il entre d'abord à l'École d'état-major à Paris et par la suite, à l'École centrale (Promotion 1839) pour approfondir ses connaissances de mécanicien inventeur. Un de ses projets est un moteur à vapeur. Pendant un séjour a Londres en 1836, il invoque deux brevets d'invention déposés au Royaume-Uni pour son moteur.

De retour à Paris, il fréquente le grand poète polonais, Adam Mickiewicz, dont son frère, Aleksander, est l'éditeur, et comme ce dernier, il se lie d'amitié avec Frédéric Chopin.

En 1848, il s'engage dans le Printemps des peuples en Autriche. Il est arrêté et emprisonné à Vienne. Sur les ordres du gouverneur de la capitale, le prince Alfred de Windisch-Graetz, il est condamné à une exécution par arme à feu. Le 10 novembre 1848, il écrit une lettre finale à son bien-aimé frère, Aleksander, pour lui faire part de son sort imminent.

Distinctions
 Ordre militaire de Virtuti Militari
 Légion d'honneur

Voir aussi
 Grande Émigration

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Joseph Straszewicz (1839). Les Polonais et les Polonaises de la révolution du 29 novembre 1830 - biographie, Paris: chez l'Editeur, rue des Colombiers, 12, pp.1-10.
 Polytechnisches Journal. 63. Band, Jahrgang 1837, N.F. 13. Band, Hefte 1-6 komplett. (= 18. Jahrgang, 1.-6. Heft ). Eine Zeitschrift zur Verbreitung gemeinnüziger Kenntnisse im Gebiete der Naturwissenschaft, der Chemie, der Pharmacie, der Mechanik, der Manufakturen, Fabriken, Künste, Gewerbe, der Handlung, der Haus- und Landwirthschaft etc. Herausgegeben von Johann Gottfried und Emil Maximilian Dingler.
Polytechnisches Journal. Hrsg. v. Johann Gottfried Dingler, Emil Maximilian Dingler und Julius Hermann Schultes:
Publié à Stuttgart par la J. G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung (1837)., 1837 (en Allemand)

Liens externes
  Colléction Gocla Musée de Varsovie a un médaillon d'Edward Jełowicki en bronze
   British Museum information
  - Genealogie d'Edward Jełowicki

Personnalité polonaise
Élève de l'École centrale Paris
Ingénieur polonais du XIXe siècle
Décès à 45 ans
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Naissance en 1803
Décès en novembre 1848
Décès en Autriche
Insurgé de novembre 1830
Militaire polonais du XIXe siècle

Édouard Jełowicki


آلات
 بساط متحرك، آلة لنقل الأشياء أو للتمارين الرياضية.
 بساط الريح، آلة تعذيب.

جغرافيا
 بساط، قرية في الدقهلية، مصر
 بساط كريم الدين، قرية في دمياط، مصر
 بساط أباد، قرية في إيران

المفروشات
 البساط نوع من الفرش.
 بساط شرقي، نوع من السجّاد.

روايات وَكتابات
 بساط الريح من حكايات ألف ليلة وليلة.

التشريح
 بساط شفاف، نسيج في عيون بعض الحيوانات.

بساط (توضيح)


Zülfaris Sinagogu, İstanbul'da Beyoğlu ilçesinin Galata semtinde bulunan bir sinagog. 1671 tarihinde mevcut olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak bugünkü bina eski temeller üzerinde, muhtemelen 19. yüzyıl başında, tekrar inşa edilmişti. Çeşitli zamanlarda yapılan restorasyon çalışmalarıyla, günümüze kadar güzelliğini koruyan Zülfaris Sinagogu, Kamhi Ailesinin maddi katkıları ve tarihçi, yazar ve küratör olan Naim Güleryüz'ün öneri ve tasarımıyla 500. Yıl Vakfı Türk Musevileri Müzesi, olarak 25 Kasım 2001'de açılarak hizmete girmiştir.

Kronoloji
 1823 -  Cemaat arşivlerinde adı Kal Kadoş Galata (Galata Kutsal Sinagogu) olarak geçen, ancak, sokağın eski adı olan ve Osmanlıca gelin perçemi anlamına gelen Zülf-ü Arus sözcüğünün halk arasında kısaltılmış şekli Zülfaris adıyla tanınan ve anılan sinagog binası eski temeller üzerinde inşa edildi.
 1882 -  Mermer Ehal, Galata'da doğan ve yaşayan Samuel Malki tarafından yaptırıldı.
 1890 -  Bina, Kamondo ailesinin maddi katkısı ile esastan tamir edildi.
 1904 -  Tüm törenlerin ve çoğu düğünlerin icra edildiği sinagogun içi ve dışı, Jak Bey de Leon Başkanlığında Galata Musevi Cemaati tarafından, tamir ve restore edildi.
 1968 -  Yeniden esaslı bir tamir gördü.
 1979 -  İstanbul'da yaşayan Trakya kökenli Yahudilerin ibadetine tahsis edildi.
 1983 -  Zülfaris Sinagogunda son düğün.
 1985 -  Çevrede ikamet eden cemaat yokluğundan ibadethane işlevi sona erdi ve kapandı.
 2001 -  Bina, sahibi olan Neve Şalom Sinagogu Vakfı tarafından, müze olarak kurulmak üzere 500.Yıl Vakfı'na tahsis edildi.

Dış bağlantılar

 Türkiye Musevi Cemaati (Resmi Site) (Türkçe ve İngilizce)

Beyoğlu'ndaki sinagoglar
Ortodoks sinagoglar
Sefarad sinagogları
İstanbul'daki eski sinagoglar

Zülfaris Sinagogu


La síntesis de Petrenko-Kritschenko es una reacción orgánica clásica de componentes múltiples que está estrechamente relacionada con la síntesis de Robinson-Schöpf de la tropinona, pero fue publicada 12 años antes.

Reacción clásica

En la publicación original  se utilizó α-cetoglurato de dietilo,  en combinación con  amoníaco y benzaldehído. La estereoquímica relativa no fue aclarada en la publicación original ya que el análisis estructural con rayos X o RMN no estaba disponible en estos días. En ausencia de sales de amonio o amoníaco, se forma el   4-oxotetrahidropirano correspondiente.

En contraste con la síntesis de Robinson, que no emplea dialdehidos como succinaldehído o glutaraldehído, sino que utiliza aldehídos más simples como el benzaldehído. Por lo tanto, el producto de la reacción no es una estructura bicíclica (ver tropinona y pseudopeletierina), sino una 4-piperidona. La síntesis de tropinona puede ser vista como una variante de la reacción de Petrenko-Kritschenko en el que las dos funciones aldehído se unen covalentemente en una sola molécula. Aparte de la síntesis de Hantzsch, la reacción de Petrenko-Kritschenko es uno de los pocos ejemplos en los que se puede obtener un precursor simétrico de un anillo de piridina  con varios componentes por una reacción de condensación  seguida por una reacción de oxidación. La oxidación con óxido de cromo en ácido acético da lugar a una 4-piridona sustituida simétricamente; la descarboxilación produce derivados no sustituidos en las posiciones  3 y 5.

Variantes
Un éster acetoacético se puede utilizar en lugar del α-cetoglurato de dietilo en la presencia de sales de indio [4]. El uso de la anilina también ha sido reportado en la publicación original. En el producto de esta reacción se muestra la configuración tipo trans de los grupos fenilo en C-2 y C-6.

Aplicaciones

Síntesis de productos naturales
La reacción ha sido utilizada para sintetizar la precoccinelina, un alcaloide encontrado en algunos coccinélidos:

Química de coordinación
Cuando el benzaldehído es sustituido con 2-piridincarboxaldehído, la reacción puede ser utilizada para preparar  precursores de ligandos bispidona. En esencia, este método se basa en dos reacciones  de Petrenko-Kritschenko  posteriores. Estos ligandos se puede utilizar para la preparación de compuestos con alto contenido de hierro de alta valecia, que son capaces de oxidar el ciclohexano en presencia de peróxido de hidrógeno.

Véase también
 Síntesis de piridina de Hantzsch

Referencias

Reacciones orgánicas

Síntesis de piperidona de Petrenko-Kritschenko


Kubikul (, množina cubicula) je bila privatna soba u domusu, starorimskoj kući u kojoj je živjela obitelj visokog statusa. Obično je vodio izravno iz atrija, ali je u kasnijim razdobljima ponekad bio uz peristil. Služio je u funkciji moderne spavaće sobe, spavanja i seksa, ali i za poslovne sastanke, primanje važnih gostiju i izlaganje najcjenjenijih umjetnina u kući. Cubiculum je služio za tihe ili tajne sastanke, a mogao je služiti i kao knjižnica. To je također bilo omiljeno mjesto za ubojstva i samoubojstva. Prostorija koja je služila samo za spavanje nije bila klasificirana kao cubiculum.

Privatna priroda kubikula učinila ga je mjestom za kontemplaciju i vjerska obreda, osobito kada je nedopušteno. Prema Actus Silvestri, Konstantin Veliki je prvi put saznao za kršćanstvo u svom kubikulu i ondje je postio tjedan dana prije svoje prve ispovijedi i krštenja.

Izvori

Prostorije
Rimska arhitektura

Kubikul


معهد الدراسات العليا بتونس هو أول معهد للتعليم العالي أنشئ بتونس في عهد الحماية الفرنسية وذلك عام 1945. يقع في الزاوية بين نهجي روما وسوق أهراس في قلب العاصمة التونسية وكان هذا المقر في الأصل المندرسة الابتدائية غاريبالدي التي كانت تابعة للإيطاليين بتونس والتي افتكت منهم غداة الحرب العالمية الثانية. واستمر هذا المعهد بضعة سنوات بعد الاستقلال حتى وقعت الاستعاضة عنه بمؤسسات عليا جديدة احتلت مكانه في البداية ثم وقع نقلها إلى مقاراتها الجديدة ومن بينها كلية العلوم بتونس.

كان معهد الدراسات العليا تابعا لجامعة باريس حيث كان يدرّس به عدد من أهم الأساتذة الفرنسيين من أهمهم المستشرق وليام مارسي. إلا ألأن أغلب طلبته لم يكونوا من التونسيين وإنما من الفرنسيين ففي العام الدراسي 1948 - 1949 كان به 578 طالب من بينهم 149 فقط من التونسيين أي الربع تقريبا وانخفضت هذه النسبة بعد ذلك إلى الخمس خلال العام الدراسي 1951 - 1952 حيث نجد 213طالبا تونسيا على مجموع 1015 طالب. غير أن الوضع تغير بعد الاستقلال عام 1956.

تعليم عال
التعليم في تونس

معهد الدراسات العليا بتونس