Michael Graversen (født 1980 i Tønder) er en Robert- og Bodil-nomineret dansk dokumentarfilminstruktør. Han er uddannet fra  i England og instruerer dokumentarfilm ofte af eksistentiel eller samfundsrelevant karakter. Hans film har vundet flere priser og blevet udtaget til nogle af de største dokumentarfestivaler som IDFA og CPH:DOX.

Biografi

I 2019 skrev Michael Graversen bogen De uledsagedes bog, der består af ti personlige beretninger fra børn og unge, som er flygtet til Danmark alene fra lande som Syrien, Afghanistan og Eritrea, udgivet på forlaget Jensen & Dalgaard. Graversen blev tildelt Benny Andersen Prisen for arbejdet med bogen, hvor alle indtægter gik til at genforene flygtningebørn med deres familier. Politiken bragte en af beretningerne i bogen på forsiden af deres debatsektion ligesom P1 Morgen, P1 Orientering samt Radio24Syv bragte indslag om og interview med de medvirkende fra bogen. POV International skrev i en anmeldelse, at bogen er "et historisk dokument, et vigtigt tidsbillede, der fortæller, hvordan Europa i 2010'erne præges af krigen i Syrien". På baggrund af udgivelsen udtalte partiet De Radikale, at de ville arbejde for at ændre loven, så de uledsagede som modtager asyl og familiesammenføring ikke selv skal betale for at få deres familier til Danmark.

Michael Graversens dokumentariske hovedværk er filmen Drømmen om Danmark (2015), hvor han igennem knap fire år fulgte den afghanske dreng Wasiullah, som er én af de uledsagede flygtningebørn, der hvert år forsvinder fra Danmarks asylcentre. Michael Graversen opnåede unik adgang og fulgte Wasiullah fra tiden på asylcentret, under jorden i København og videre gennem hans illegale rejse ned gennem Europa og til Italien, hvor han endte med at miste hukommelsen efter at have boet som hjemløs og ventet på asyl i 14 måneder.

"Drømmen om Danmark" blev nomineret til en F:ACT Award ved CPH:DOX og vist i primetime på DR1. Efterfølgende har filmen været vist på flere internationale festivaler, er blevet solgt til udenlandsk tv og har vundet priser - senest Amnesty International Award i Italien. Ved TV Prisen 2017 blev Drømmen om Danmark nomineret til årets bedste dokumentar.

Filmmagasinet Ekko skrev i sin anmeldelse af filmen: "Hvad der er på spil i portrættet, er de menneskelige konsekvenser af en ungdomsopvækst som randeksistens uden andet at klynge sig til end håbet om engang at blive lukket ind. Wasis Sisyfos-tilværelse er et gribende indspark i flygtningedebatten, og Drømmen om Danmark er noget så sjældent som en vigtig film." Huffington Post fremhævede filmen i forbindelse med den internationale premiere på Thessaloniki Documentary Festival: "My favorite was Michael Graversen's Dreaming of Denmark, which directly puts you in the shoes of an Afghan teenager who, unable to get residency in Denmark and afraid to be deported, leaves Denmark with nothing on his back to find a new life in Italy".

Michael Graversen var den første til at lave film om de uledsagede flygtningebørn og hans film er derfor blevet beskrevet som "pionérarbejde", og i 2016 modtog han Salaam Filmpris 2016 for sit arbejde. Drømmen om Danmark havde premiere, da flygtningekrisen i Danmark var på sit højeste, og instruktøren har hyppigt optrådt som ekspert og debattør i dagblade, radio og tv - i DR2 Debatten, P1 Debat, Radio24Syv, TV2 News og udenlandske medier som ABC NEWS. - ofte som fortaler for de uledsagedes rettigheder.

Efter flere besøg i flygtningelejren Moria på den græske ø Lesbos arbejdede Graversen aktivistisk for at få Danmark til at modtage et antal af de mest udsatte børn fra lejren. I Politiken opfordrede han regeringen till at tage imod nogle af de 1.300 uledsagede flygtningebørn i lejren under overskriften "7.000 børn fanget i Europas baggård: Danmark burde have plads til nogle af de børn, der lige nu vokser op under horrible forhold", i Debatten på DR2 gentog Graversen opfordringen overfor Pia Kjærsgaard fra Dansk Folkeparti og i P1 Orienterings temaudsendelse om forholdene i Morialejren tog EU parlamentariker Nikolaj Willumsen positivt imod forslaget og rejste spørgsmålet i EU Parlamentet.

Michael Graversen lavede i 2013 Ingenmandsland, som er forløberen til Drømmen om Danmark. Filmen er et portræt af et asylcenter i Jægerspris for uledsagede flygtningebørn og blev vist på DR2 og udvalgt til IDFA og flere end 25 internationale festivaler. Filmen vandt flere priser ligesom den modtog 5 stjerner i Politiken, og philm.dk skrev: "Filmen har sin egen rolige og troværdige dybde, der formes af de rigtige valg i den kompakte form og narrativitet....Virkningen ligger i den generelle indfangelse af den psykisk spændte atmosfære – som netop er på et mere sfærisk plan end bare ren og skær rå dokumentarisme....et forbilledligt ærligt og elegant ydmygt udtryk på menneskelig afmagt og håbløshed i et skær af lysegrønt håb."

I 2012 instruerede Michael Graversen Den sidste nattevagt om tre jyske vågekoner og blev efterfølgende indstillet til Liv&Død Prisen for filmen. Han har også beskæftiget sig med eksperimentelle og poetiske film som An Anxious Mind, der handler om Michael Graversens egne erfaringer med at have været ramt af børnekræft. Et emne han også har behandlet i debatindlæg og i Radio24Syv programmet Mikrofonholder. An Anxious Mind blev bl.a. udtaget til Australien International Experimental Film Festival.

Michael Graversens første film var den debatskabende Jorden er giftig, der handler om den store forureningsskandale i hans barndomsby Grindsted. Jorden er giftig blev sendt på DR2 og vist på CPH:DOX og skabte en del debat. Efterfølgende blev der afholdt et borgermøde i Grindsted, iværksat sikkerhedsforanstaltninger ved Grindstedværket og stillet et beslutningsforlag i Folketinget.

Michael Graversen er gift med Cecilie Dahl Madsen og har to sønner, Sophus og Cornelius.

Værker

 Mr. Graversen (2022)
 Ghosts of Moria (2022)
 Sending Aya Back (2022)
 Moria in Memoriam (2021)
 De uledsagedes bog (2019)
 Drømmen om Danmark (2015)
 Ingenmandsland (No Man's Land) (2013)
 Den sidste nattevagt (2012)
 An Anxious Mind (2012)
 Pagten (2011)
 Jorden er giftig (2006)

Festivaler og priser

 Nomineret, Årets Dokumentarfilm, Bodil 2023
 Nomineret, Årets Dokumentarfilm, Robert 2023
 Special Mention Politiken:Dox:Award, CPH:DOX 2022
 Benny Andersen Prisen 2020
 Amnesty International Award, Giffoni International Film Festival
 Gex:Dox 2. pris Bedste Dokumentar, Giffoni International Film Festival
 Freestyle Award Best 14+ Film at Mo&Friese International Children's Film Festival
 Diploma at Tehran International Short Film Festival
 Human Hope Prize, Human District Film Festival, Serbia
 F:ACT Award nomination, CPH:DOX
 Best Documentary nomination Grand OFF, Warszawa
 Årets dokumentar nominering, TV Prisen 2017
 Japan Prize, International Educational Program Contest
 Salaam Filmpris 2016
 IDFA - International Documentary Festival Amsterdam
 CPH:DOX
 Thessaloniki Documentary Festival
 Lübeck, Nordische Filmtage
 Helsinki International Film Festival
 Human Rights Watch Film Festival, Amsterdam
 One World, Rumænien
 Document Human Rights Film Festival, Glasgow
 Human Rights & Arts Film Festival, Melbourne
 Watch Docs International Human Rights Film Festival
 Belo Horizonte International Short Film Festival
 Afghanistan International Human Rights Film Festival
 Dokkino Film Event for Children and Youth
 Bornshorts International Film Festival
 BUFF International Children's Film Festival, Malmø
 Freedom Film Festival, Malaysia
 Buster International Children's Film Festival
 SPOT Film Festival, Århus
 Human District Film Festival, Beograd
 NAFA Ethnographic Film Festival, Iceland
 Odense International Short Film Festival
 Salaam Film & Dialog / Salaam Filmfestival
 Uppsala International Short Film Festival
 Australian International Experimental Film Festival
 Oporto International Short Film Festival, Porto
 World Film Festival, Estonia
 Olympia International Film Festival
 International Bosphorus Film Festival

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 www.michaelgraversen.com
 David Trads i Jyllands Posten: Mine danske helte i 2016

Filminstruktører fra Danmark
Dokumentarfilminstruktører
Personer fra Tønder

Michael Graversen


الإحياء هو البذرة التي جعلت من المدينة الإسلامية التقليدية، حديقة تعج بالأعيان ذات الإذعاني المتحد. ويعتبر من أهم خصائص تلك المدن الإسلامية (تلاصق المباني). وكما قال الرسول علية السلام من أحيا أرضاً فهي له.

المهم في موضوع الإحياء هو أن من السيطرة على الأرض الموات واستخدامُها وبذلك ملكيتها أيضا، أدى إلى زيادة الأعيان في الإذعاني المتحد.

اتفق الفقهاء على أنة إذا تركت الأرض حتى تصير مواتاُ، عادت إلى الإباحة، كمن أخذ ماءً من نهر ثم ردة إليه. الأعمال المطلوبة لإحياء الأرض، هي كل ما لزم للوظيفة (السكن الزراعة...) التي من اجلها تُحيى الأرض.

قواعد وفوائد إحياء الأرض

 الاحتجار: تعليم الأرض الموات أو الُمقطعة بُغية البدء في إحيائها، قد يكون بواسطة أحجار، غرس أخشاب أو التسوير ليُستدل على حدودها. وقال الرسول علية السلام: من أحيى أرض ميتة فهي له، وليس لمحتجر حق بعد ثلاثة سنين.
 الإهمال, إذا تُركت الأرض حتى تصير مواتاً عادت إلى الإباحة
 إذن الإمام أو السلطات، هدفه تجنب النزاع بين الناس حول الأرض الموات، ولكن الذي طبق بالبيئة التقليدية هو أنة لا يشترط إذن الإمام لامتلاك الأرض ألمحياه.
 استثمار المجهودات والحث على العمل, لا بد من محيي الأرض أن يضع المجهود من عمارة أو زرع ليمتلك الأرض. وفي حالة قيام شخص ببذل جهد في أرض يملكها غيره، ظناً أنها موات، أو عمداً، فجهد هذا الشخص لا يضيع هباتاً. كما قال علية السلام «من زرع أرض قوم بغير إذنهم فلة نفقته، وليس له من الزرع شيء».

هناك نداء من الشريعة للناس لكي تستخدم الأرض غير ألمملوكة للسيطرة عليها وتملكها، وخصوصاً إذا كانوا أولئك الناس من الفقراء، وإذا علم المسلم أنة إذا اهمل الأرض قد يحيها شخص أخر فإنه سيستمر في العمل. والنتيجة هي أن الشريعة أزالت العقبات أمام من أراد العمل، وأن حق الاستخدام يجلب للفريق المسيطر حق الملكية. ولذلك تتحول الأراضي الموات إلى أراضي عامرة في الإذعاني المتحد. النتيجة الأخرى هي أن الأراضي غير العامرة ليست لها قيمة شرائية، أما الأراضي العامرة فقيمتها تكمن فيما عليها من أعيان كالمباني والشجر وما شابة، إلا أذا أصبح موقع الأرض مرغوب فيه بفعل قربه للمدينة وهذا حدث نادرا في ألبيئة التقليدية بعكس ما يحدث في بيئتنا الحالية، فالأرض ذات قيمة شرائية عالية.

إحياء الأرض أولا وبناء منزل متواضع بالنسبة لشخص فقير لها أثار نفسية، في شعور هذا المالك بالعزة والفخر بما قام به وجعل منه عضوا فعالا منتجا لمجتمعه بدل أن يكون ذليلا، «ترتفع مكانه الشعوب بعزة أفراداها». أما الأثر الأخر فهو اقتصادي: إن ما جمعه الشخص كان زائدا عن حاجات الآخرين أي أن هناك إعادة استخدام لموارد الأمة بدل من أن تلقى كما يحدث في المجتمع الحالي.

قد يقول المهندس والمخطط انه بهذه الطريقة البيئة ستصبح فوضى، الكاتب يجيب لا وسيوضح الإجابة في الفصلين الخامس والتاسع. أي إن إعادة استخدام مواد البناء مرات ومرات في مباني مختلفة لهو دليل على الاستغلال التام لموارد المسلمين.

مصادر
 عمارة الأرض في الإسلام

عمارة إسلامية

إحياء (فقه)


Republička liga Bosne i Hercegovine je bila liga trećeg stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1987./88.  Sudjelovalo je 18 klubova, a prvak je bio "Radnik" iz Bijeljine.

Zbog reorganizacije ligaškog sustava za sezonu 1988./89. i uvođenja "Međurepubličke lige", jedinstvena republička liga je ukinuta, te je podijeljena na tri skupine, koje su odgovarale dotadašnjoj "Regionalnoj ligi BiH" ("Zapad", "Sjever" i "Jug"), kao liga četvrtog stupnja.

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Jedinstvena hrvatska liga 1987./88.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 Dario Hamzić: Omladinski fudbalski klub "Prijedor" : 1919. – 1992., Rijeka, 2012., , str. 226
 fkbuducnostbanovici.blogspot.com, Vremeplov, pristupljeno 1. siječnja 2018.

1987-88 1
 republička
1987-88

Republička nogometna liga Bosne i Hercegovine 1987./88.


Edward Spencer Beesly ( /ˈ b iː z l i / ; 1831–1915) est un positiviste britannique, un militant syndical et un historien.

Biographie
Il est né le  à Feckenham, Worcestershire, fils aîné du révérend James Beesly et son épouse, Mary Fitzgerald, du comté de Queen's, en Irlande . Après avoir étudié le latin et le grec avec son père, à l'automne 1846, il est envoyé au King William's College sur l'île de Man, un établissement évangélique dont l'instruction inadéquate et le ton moral étroit sont plus tard dépeints dans Eric, ou, Little by Little, par son camarade de classe Frederic Farrar.

En 1849, Beesly entre au Wadham College d'Oxford, autre bastion évangélique et centre d'origine du mouvement positiviste anglais . Son flair pour citer l'Écriture cède la place à une rhétorique radicale sous l'influence de son tuteur Richard Congreve, un disciple secret du positivisme d'Auguste Comte. Avec ses amis de Wadham Frederic Harrison et John Henry Bridges, Beesly s'engage activement dans les débats de l'Oxford Union et est reconnu comme comtiste, même si son adhésion à la philosophie française est encore ténue.

Beesly obtient son BA en 1854 et son MA en 1857. Après avoir échoué à obtenir une première classe (il obtient des secondes en modérations classiques et en literae humaniores) ou une bourse, il devient maître assistant au Marlborough College. Son frère Augustus Henry, historien et érudit classique, enseigne également à l'école. Beesly part pour Londres en 1859 pour occuper le poste de directeur de University Hall, une résidence étudiante à Gordon Square desservant University College. L'année suivante, il y est nommé professeur d'histoire et professeur de latin au Bedford College for women, avec un salaire combiné de 300 £. Il a aussi un revenu privé. Sa grande silhouette élancée devient familière dans les salons du Reform Club et de Londres, avec George Eliot et de George Henry Lewes, dont la Fortnightly Review  accueille les articles de Beesly.

Beesly se joint à Congreve, Bridges et Harrison, tous deux maintenant à Londres, pour soutenir la lutte des travailleurs des métiers du bâtiment pour une diminution du temps de travail. Il attaque les théories économiques utilisées par les critiques des syndicats du «nouveau modèle» des années 1860. La notoriété qu'il acquiert culmine en 1867, lorsqu'il déclare au lendemain des "attentats de Sheffield" qu'un meurtre syndical n'est pas pire qu'un autre : il manque de perdre son poste à University Hall et Punch le surnomme "Dr Beastly". Son programme radical comprend la promotion de la solidarité internationale entre les dirigeants de la classe ouvrière. Il participe à l'organisation de la plus importante manifestation pro-syndicale en Angleterre pendant la guerre civile américaine et préside la réunion historique (28 septembre 1864) prônant la coopération entre travailleurs anglais et français en faveur du nationalisme polonais, qui conduit à la formation de l'International Working Men's Association (la Première Internationale), bientôt dominée par son ami Karl Marx.

Les affaires étrangères ont toujours été une passion pour Beesly. Pour International Policy, un volume positiviste publié en 1866, il écrit sur la puissance maritime britannique, affirmant un lien entre le protestantisme et l'immoralité commerciale. Critique de l'impérialisme, il est membre du comité fondé en 1866 pour poursuivre Edward Eyre, gouverneur de la Jamaïque. Beesly et d'autres positivistes suscitent l'hostilité pour avoir préconisé une intervention aux côtés de la France dans la guerre franco-prussienne et pour avoir défendu la commune de Paris. Leurs opinions républicaines trouvent leur expression non seulement dans la presse, mais aussi au centre positiviste de Chapel Street (aujourd'hui Rugby Street) qu'ils ouvrent en 1870 sous la direction de Congreve. Là, ils introduisent les sacrements de la Religion de l'Humanité et publient une traduction coopérative de la Politique positive de Comte . Lorsque Congreve répudie leurs coreligionnaires parisiens en 1878, Beesly, Harrison, Bridges et d'autres forment leur propre société positiviste, avec Beesly comme président, et ouvrent un centre rival, Newton Hall, dans une cour de Fleet Street. Beesly dirige son groupe de discussion politique, qui produit des documents occasionnels. Sa retraite de l'University College en 1893 (il a quitté Bedford College en 1889) lui permet de fonder et d'éditer la Positivist Review .

En 1881, Beesly assiste aux premières réunions de la Fédération démocratique, mais il est rapidement marginalisé et revient au Parti libéral au milieu de la décennie .

En 1869, Beesly épouse Emily, la plus jeune fille de Charles John Crompton, juge du banc de la reine, et de sa femme, Caroline. Les Beesly vivent à University Hall jusqu'en 1882, date à laquelle ils déménagent à Finsbury Park. Mme Beesly n'est pas positiviste - comme le sont ses frères Albert et Henry Crompton - mais elle partage certains des intérêts politiques et historiques de son mari. Il se présente sans succès au parlement en tant que libéral à Westminster en novembre 1885 et à Marylebone en juillet 1886 . Emily Beesly devient présidente de l'association libérale des femmes de Paddington après leur déménagement à Warrington Crescent en 1886. Tous deux prônent l'autonomie irlandaise, lui dans des articles percutants, elle dans de nouvelles paroles pour The Wearing of the Green. En 1878, il publie Catiline, Clodius et Tibère, et elle sort ses Histoires de l'histoire de Rome, écrites pour leurs quatre fils. Elle meurt en 1889, âgée de quarante-neuf ans.

Il publie ensuite soixante-quatorze entrées biographiques sur des personnalités militaires et politiques pour le New Calendar of Great Men des positivistes et Queen Elizabeth, tous deux parus en 1892. En 1901, il se retire au 21 West Hill, St Leonards, Sussex, où il publie des traductions de Comte et continue d'écrire pour la Positivist Review . Il meurt chez lui le  et est enterré au cimetière de Paddington.

Références

Notes et références

 Bévir, Marc. 2011. La fabrication du socialisme britannique . Princeton : Presse universitaire de Princeton.
 Claeys, Grégory. 2018. "Professeur Beesly, Positivisme et International: la question du patriotisme." Dans « Lève-toi, damnés de la terre » : La première internationale dans une perspective globale, édité par Fabrice Bensimon, Quinton Deluermoz et Jeanne Moisand. Leyde : Brill.
 Claeys, Grégory. 2010. Sceptiques impériaux . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
 Harrison, Royden. 1959. "ES Beesly et Karl Marx, IV-VI." Revue internationale d'histoire sociale 4 (1): 208–38.
 Harrison, Royden. 1959. "ES Beesly et Karl Marx, I-III." Revue internationale d'histoire sociale 4 (1): 22–58.
 Harrison, Royden. 1965. Avant les socialistes . Londres : Routledge.
 Harrison, Royden. 1967. "Le professeur Beesly et le mouvement ouvrier." Dans Essays in Labor History, édité par Asa Briggs et John Saville, 205–41. New York : Palgrave Macmillan.
 Harrison, Royden, éd. 1971. La défense anglaise de la Commune, 1871 . Londres : Merlin.
 Kent, Christophe. 1978. Cerveaux et nombres: élitisme, comtisme et démocratie dans l'Angleterre mi-victorienne . Toronto : presse de l'Université de Toronto.
 Kent, C. 'Beesly, Edward Spencer', BDMBR, vol. 2
 Vivant, Suzanne. 1926. Un enseignant du XIXe siècle : John Henry Bridges . Londres : Paul.
 McGee, John Edwin. 1931. Une croisade pour l'humanité: l'histoire du positivisme organisé en Angleterre . Londres : Watts.
 Porteur, Bernard. 1968. Critiques de l'Empire . Londres : Macmillan.
 Royle, Edouard. 1974. Infidèles victoriens . Manchester : presse universitaire de Manchester.
 The Times (9 juillet 1915), 11d · Positivist Review, 23 (1915) [avec bibliographie] ·
 CL Davies, Le Spectateur (17 juillet 1915), 77–8 ·
 Revue sociologique, 8 (juillet 1915), 187–8 · Foster, Alum. Oxone.
 Vogeler, Martha S. 1984. Frederic Harrison : les vocations d'un positiviste . Oxford : Clarendon.
 Wilson, Matthieu. 2018. Moraliser l'espace . Londres : Routledge.
 Wright, TR 1986. La religion de l'humanité: l'impact du positivisme comtéen sur la Grande-Bretagne victorienne . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Liens externes

Membre de l'Association internationale des travailleurs
Philosophe britannique
Décès en juillet 1915
Naissance en janvier 1831
Décès à 84 ans

Edward Spencer Beesly


Franjo Jeronim Bunić (tal. Francesco Girolamo Bona; Dubrovnik, 8. studenog 1687. – Dubrovnik, 28. prosinca 1749.) bio je prelat Katoličke Crkve koji je služio kao biskup trebinjsko-mrkanski od 1727. do 1731. godine. Od 1731. do 1749. obavljao je službu apostolskog vikara kostantinopolskog te naslovnog nadbiskupa kartaškog.

Životopis

Franjo Jeronim rođen je 8. studenog 1687. u dubrovačkoj plemićkoj obitelji – Bunići. Godine 1710. zaređen je za svećenika Dubrovačke nadbiskupije te je službovao kao vikar nadbiskupa Giovannija Battiste Conventatija. Zbog nekih nesuglasica s nadbiskupom bio je prisiljen otići u Rim.

Papa Benedikt XIII. imenovao ga je, 17. ožujka 1727., trebinjsko-mrkanskim biskupom, preporučujući ga Dubrovačkoj Republici u materijalnom pogledu.

U vrijeme dok je boravio u Rimu u Hercegovini se događao velik progon katolika. Iz Rima se vraća krajem lipnja 1727. godine. U svibnju 1728., u pratnji dvojice svećenika, prvi put posjećuje Trebinjsku biskupiju. Tada je pohodio tri župe: Gradac, Ravno i Trebinju; u Dubrave nije mogao doći zbog nemira. Zbog situacije u biskupiji saziva biskupijsku sinodu, 28. travnja 1729. godine. Sinoda je održana u Gracu, 20. i 21. svibnja iste godine. Spisi s navedene sinode obuhvaćaju 85 stranica. Tom je prigodom obavio službeni pohod biskupiji.

Propaganda je 18. lipnja 1731. imenovala naslovnim nadbiskupom kartaškim in partibus infidelium i apostolskim vikariom u Carigradu. Prije odlaska u Carigrad želio je još jednom posjetiti kako on piše, "svoju prvu Crkvu" i "ostaviti posljednji blagoslov tome narodu" kojeg ljubio "s velikom nježnošću". Zbog kuge, koja je vladala Hercegovinom, ipak nije mogao. Godine 1731. za apostolskog upravitelja Trebinjsko-mrkanske biskupije imenovan je protjerani sofijski nadbiskup Marko Andrijašević.

Najveći problem koji je Bunić morao riješiti u Carigradu odnosio se na slobodu bogoslužja za katoličke Armence, dotada progonjenih od pravoslavaca, čiji je patrijarh bio jedini priznat od osmanske vlade. Zbog zdravstvenih razloga u proljeće 1736. godine se vraća u Rim. U Rimu je tada podnio opširno izvješće o aktivnostima provedenim u pet godina boravka u osmanskoj prijestolnici.

Dana 24. rujna 1736. papa Klement XII. imenovao ga je asistentom papinskog prijestolja. U srpnju 1737. odlazi na dvor kralja Luja XV. u svojstvu papina izaslanika. Tu ostaje do lipnja 1738. Dana 8. srpnja 1738. ponovno se vraća u Carigrad. Ponovno se razbolio te 1741. napušta Carigrad. Papa Benedikt XIV., 23. svibnja 1742., imenuje nadbiskupa Bonu za apostolskog vizitatora postojećih misija u patrijarhatu. U tom svojstvu ponovno je u osmanskoj prijestolnici od 23. rujna 1743. godine.

Bunić se borio protiv širenja masonstva među Europljanima, a posebno među Francuzima u Carigradu. Više je puta intervenirao kod osmanskih vlasti da zabrane masonske sastanke.

Kao biskup bio je glavni posvetitelj na ređenju biskupa Francesca Antonija Razzolinija (1740.) te suposvetitelj na ređenju biskupa Francesca Franca (1736.).

Dana 25. lipnja 1749. odlazi iz Carigrada za Dubrovnik gdje je živio u mirovini. Preminuo je 28. prosinca 1749. godine. Po svojoj želji, pokopan je u Dominikanskoj crkvi u gradu.

Objavljen je njegov opširan Izvještaj na talijanskom o biskupiji Svetoj  Stolici, 1728. godine.

Spisateljska djelatnost

U rukopisu su mu ostala tri djela na latinskom:

 "Synodus Dioecesana Tribuniensis"
 "Ciceronis vita Mideltonii latine versa"
 "Quaresimale recitato alla Signoria di Ragusa"

Godine 1749. u Veneciji mu je tiskano djelo:

 "Oratio in funere Eugenii Principis de Sabaudia" (Venecija, 1749.)

Izvori

Literatura

Knjige

Članci

Mrežna sjedišta

Franjo Jeronim
Životopisi, Dubrovnik
Dubrovački književnici
Hrvatski latinisti
Hrvatski biskupi
Trebinjsko-mrkanski biskupi

Franjo Jeronim Bunić


O Convento de Nossa Senhora das Mercês (popularmente chamado Convento das Mercês ou Igreja das Mercês) fica situado na rua do Raimundo, freguesia de Santo Antão, em Évora, Portugal.

Esta casa religiosa foi fundada em 1670 para os frades da Ordem dos Carmelitas Descalços. Foi encerrado após a extinção das Ordens Religiosas em 1834 A secção de Artes Decorativas Religiosas do Museu de Évora está aqui situada desde 1956.

Santo Antão (Évora)
Edifícios monásticos de Évora

Convento de Nossa Senhora das Mercês (Évora)


Johi (en ourdou : جوہی) est une ville pakistanaise située dans le district de Dadu, dans le nord de la province du Sind. C'est la cinquième plus grande ville du district.

Elle est située à près de vingt kilomètres à l'ouest de Dadu. Elle se trouve par ailleurs non loin de la frontière avec la province du Baloutchistan et des monts Kirthar.

On trouve dans la ville le temple hindou Shiva Mandir, construit en 1850.

La population de la ville a été multipliée par plus de six entre 1972 et 2017, passant de  habitants à . Entre 1998 et 2017, la croissance annuelle moyenne s'affiche à 2,5 %, semblable à la moyenne nationale de 2,4 %.

Références

Voir aussi
 Liste de villes du Pakistan

Ville dans la province du Sind

Johi (Pakistan)


Der Triebenbach, früher auch Trüber Bach genannt, ist ein knapp sechs Kilometer langer Bach, der am Westhang des Sonnenhübels entspringt, das Königsholz in nördlicher Richtung durchfließt und östlich von Ruppersdorf in den Petersbach mündet. Auf seinem Weg nimmt er das Wasser von Dreibörnerbach, Bornwasser und Kreuzgrund auf. Der Bach weist eine hohe Eisenockerbildung auf.

Durch Erosion hat der Bach ein sand- und kiesgeprägtes Muldental geformt. Seine Ufer sind mit einem typischen Hainmieren-Schwarzerlen-Bachwald bewachsen und gehören zum FFH-Gebiet Pließnitzgebiet. Neben der häufig auftretenden Bachforelle sind besonders Vorkommen von Bachneunauge und Groppe erwähnenswert, die in Sachsen sehr selten anzutreffen sind.

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Oberlausitz)
Geographie (Herrnhut)
Gewässer in Oderwitz
Fluss in Sachsen
Fluss in Europa

Triebenbach (Petersbach)


Mijo Drvarić (Kutina, 1914. – Kutina, 24. travnja 1944.), hrvatski boksač srednjeteške i teške kategorije, aktivan tijekom 1930-ih i Drugog svjetskog rata. Bio je poznat pod nadimcima Moslavački drvosječa i Drvosječa iz Kutine.

Amaterski počeci
Rođen je u Kutini. Budući da je još kao dječak pomagao u poljoprivrednim radovima, razvio je tjelesnu snagu. To je opazio bokasčki trener Ivan Kovačević prigodom Drvarićeva posjeta Zagreba te ga je 1932. doveo u boksačku dvoranu. Zahvaljujući Drvarićevoj želji i volji za radom, već nakon nekoliko mjeseci bilježi prve rezultate. U svom prvom nastupu u velter kategoriji, kao član Concordije, pobijedio Župančića iz Herkulesa.

Na pojedinačnom prvenstvu Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1933. godine osvaja naslov prvaka u srednjoj kategoriji. Ukupno je za svoje amaterske karijere nanizao 38 pobjeda prekidom, zbog čega je i stekao nadimak Moslavački drvosječa.
1935. osvojio je naslov prvaka u kategoriji 72,6 kg boksajući za zagrebačku »Croatiu«, koja je te godine četvoricu državna prvaka od ukupno osmorice. Te je godine odlučio otići u profesionalce.

Profesionalizam
Godine 1935. odlučio je otići u profesionalce. U Parizu je trener Kovačević imao nekoliko prijatelja, a među njima i Hrvate braću Bukovac kojima je poslao preporuke i Miju Drvarića, koji se tako našao u Parizu, gdje su ga profesionalnom boksanju podučavali francuski treneri Dana 28. prosinca 1935. godine u pariškoj dovrani "Central ring" trebao je crnački boksač Benett nastupiti protiv jednog englekoga boksača, koji je netom prije početka meča otkazao nastup. Kao zamjena uskočio je Drvarić:  Borba je završila neriješeno.

Drvosječa iz Kutine osvaja naslov profesionalnoga prvaka Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1940. godine u Beogradu protiv domaćeg boksača Žuće Pavlovića tehničkim nokautom u trećoj rundi. U dvjema sljedećim godinama nije boksao, nego se vratio u Kutinu podučavati mlade kutinske športaše na strunjačama.

Dana 27. srpnja 1943. godine pojavio se u ringu u borbi za naslov prvaka Nezavisne Države Hrvatske. Kao izazivač pobijedio je trenutnoga prvaka države Josipa Župana u desetoj rundi knockaut-om. Župan je bio viši i 16 kilograma teži od Drvarića. Dvoboj je bio održan na igralištu Concordie u Zagrebu uz podršku pet tisuća gledatelja. Tijekom cijeloga meča, Drvarić je zadavao više udaraca te je četiri puta srušio Župarića na pod. Pobjedom u borbi okitio se naslovom prvaka NDH i trobojnicom Hrvatskoga šakačkog saveza. Jedini je od profesionalnih šakača nastupio na priredbi u korist "Pomoći". Poslije osvajanja prvenstva vratio se u Kutinu.

Smaknuće
Zbog naslova prvaka Nezavisne Države Hrvatske bio je omražen među partizanima, ali su ga svejedno pokušali dovesti u svoje redove, znajući za njegovu tjelesnu i borbenu snagu, što je on više puta odbio.

Ubijen je dana 24. travnja 1944. godine nadomak kućnog praga, na prijevaru. Navedenog dana u kući Drvarića došao je naoružani čovjek tražeći razgovor s Mijom. Na rastanku Mijo je zamoljen ispratiti gosta preko voćnjaka. Negdje na sredini, dočekala ga je nekolicina naoružanih SKOJ-evaca koji su na njega otvorili vatru, te je izrešetan pao na zemlju. U kutinskoj matičnoj knjizi umrlih stoji "ubijen od partizana".
U boksačkim almanasima u Jugoslaviji bio je zatajen, kao i zločin i počinitelji koji su ga ubili.

Naslijeđe
Drvarić je bio najuspješniji hrvatski boksač iz vremena 1940-ih. Kao športaš, zalagao se za pravednu borbu, a jedini je od tadašnjih "šakača" sudjelovao na priredbama humanitarnoga karaktera.

Za vrijeme komunističke Jugoslavije, njegovo ime, zajedno sa svim imenima povezanima sa športom u NDH, bilo je nepodobno te su se njegovi uspjesi zatajivali.

Spomen
Uz svoju suprugu Maricu (1919. – 1993.) pokopan je na groblju u Kutini. Spomen na njega održava kutinski ogranak udruge Hrvatski domobran.

Dragutin Pasarić donosi njegov životopis u monografiji Kutina- prešućivane žrtve Drugoga svjetskog rata i poraća.

Boksački klub »Kutina« održava Memorijalni turnir Mijo Drvarić u njegov spomen.

Izvori

Životopisi, Kutina
Hrvatski boksači
Žrtve partizanskih zločina u Drugom svjetskom ratu i poraću
Šport u Kutini

Mijo Drvarić


Jazz Jackrabbit 2, Unreal'in yapımcıları Epic Games (o zamanlar Epic MegaGames olarak bilinmekte) tarafından yapılan, ve 1994 senesinde yılın arcade oyunu seçilen Jazz Jackrabbit adlı oyunun devamıdır.

Önceki oyundan farklı olarak Jazz'in kardeşi Spaz ve ek paketlerde kuzeni Lori'nin oynanabilir bir haldedir. Değişik bölüm tasarımlarıyla dikkat çeken oyunun orijinal versiyonu 4 ana bölüm, 12 dekor ve 36 seviyeden oluşmaktadır.

Sunucu sistemi diğer oyunlara göre daha sade ve kullanışlı. İyi bir internete sahip olmaksızın herkes server kurabiliyor. Online oynamada ise gerek strateji,gerek zekâ, gerekse beceri kullanmak gerekiyor. Seviye sistemi yok, her giren oyuncu diğer oyuncular ile eşit durumda başlıyor.

Hikâye
Jazz, kaplumbağa Devan Shell'i, onun evlilik teklif edeceği kız Eva'ya vereceği yüzüğünü çaldığı için kovalamak zorundadır. Devan Shell, zaman makinelerini kullanarak mekanlar arasında kaçarken Jazz, onun yardımcıları ve alakasız vahşi hayvanlar ve diğer faktörlerle savaşmak zorundadır.

Oynanış
Jazz ve Spaz, farklı kuvvetlere sahipler. Jazz, kulaklarını pervane yapıp uçabilir ve yüksek atlama yapabilir, Spaz normalin iki katı yüksekliğe zıplayabiliyor ve de karate yapıyor. Silahların kullanıldığı oyunda, orijinal silah dışında diğer silahların kurşunları bitebiliyor ve değişik artıları ve eksileri var. Buz ve Ateş silahlarını bulmacaları çözmek için de kullanabiliyorsunuz. Onun dışında boncuk silahının iki versiyonu var ve artık dinamitleri de kullanabiliyoruz.

Bölümler
 Formerly A Prince (Türkçe: Eski Bir Prens)
 Jazz'in macerasına bir zindanda başladığı bölüm, Orta Çağ havasında yarasalarla dövüşmemizin ardından Carrotus'un taşra alanlarında uçan kertenkelelerle köşe kapmaca oynuyoruz. Bir laboratuvarda kaplumbağaların planlarını engellememizin ardından ise yeni bölüme geçiyoruz.
 Jazz in Time (Türkçe: Zamanda Jazz)
 Jazz zaman makinesini kullanmaya devam ediyor ve koloni zamanında teyzelerle dövüşüyor. Alis'in Harikalar Diyarında kırkayaklardan kaçıyoruz ve bir plajda yüzme yeteneklerimizi test edip yengeçler ve simit takmış kaplumbağalara roketler fırlatıyoruz.
 Flashback (Türkçe: Geriye Dönüş)
 Orijinal Jazz Jackrabbit oyununa bir saygı duruşu. Orijinal oyunun üç sevilen bölümü Diamondus, Tubelectric ve Medivo'ya geri dönen Jazz, daha zor düşmanlarla karşılaşır. Bu bölümlerde tilt oluyoruz, hayaletlerin kılıçlarından kaçıyoruz.
 Funky Monkeys (Türkçe: Coşan Maymunlar)
 Bir ormanda maymunlarla kapışmamızın ardından, buz kaplı cehennemlerde  iskeletlerin patronunu eziyoruz ve cehennemin dibinde suratı olmayan düşmanlarla, duvarlardan sallanan gürzler arasında, bütün düşmanların bizi düşürme çabaları arasında, disklere tutuna tutuna düşmanımıza ulaşmaya çalışıyoruz. Devan'ı buluyoruz ve onu yenip oyunu bitiyoruz.

Dış bağlantılar
 Jazz 2 Online (J2O)
 JazzJackrabbit Toplulukları Forumu (JCF)
 Earlong Royal Encyclopedia (ERE), JJR 2 Wiki
 Jazz2City
 Haze's Hideout JJ2 sayfası
 Lori Central, Lori hakkında bir site.
 JazzJackrabbit.net, JJR2 Multiplayer Ligi
 Jazz2 Türkiye, JJR2 Türkiye Platformu
 Jazz Duelist's Challenge, JJR2 Düello Sitesi

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde geliştirilen video oyunları
Epic Games oyunları
Microsoft Windows oyunları
Çok oyunculu çevrimiçi oyunlar

Jazz Jackrabbit 2


Manase se poate referi la:
 Manase - în ebraică - Menashe -  personaj biblic, fiu al lui Iacob (Israel) și fondator ,după tradiție, al tribului israelit cu acelaș nume
 Manase (trib) - unul din cele 12 triburi israelite menționate în Biblie, descendent al lui Manase, fiul lui Iacob (Israel)
 Manase, rege al Iudeei, în ebraică - Menashe -  personaj biblic, rege antic
 Manasse - piesă de teatru de Ronetti Roman
 Bney Menashe -(fiii lui Manase) populație din India care se consideră unul din cele «zece triburi israelite pierdute»

Manase (dezambiguizare)


Dorian Grays Portræt er en dansk stumfilm fra 1910, der er instrueret af Axel Strøm.

Filmen er en filmatisering af Oscar Wildes roman af samme navn.

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1910
Film baseret på bøger

Dorian Grays Portræt (film fra 1910)


La ligne 11 du métro de Nankin (chinois traditionnel : 南京地鐵十一號線 ; chinois simplifié : 南京地铁十一号线)  est une ligne qui est en construction du métro de Nankin. C'est une ligne sud-nord qui relie le district de Pukou avec le district de Pukou au sud. De Rue Puzhou à Maluowei, la ligne comporte 20 stations et  en longueur.

Histoire

Caractéristiques

Liste des stations

Exploitation

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Nankin

Liens externes

Nankin, 11
11

Ligne 11 du métro de Nankin


Cameron Todd Willingham (January 9, 1968 – February 17, 2004) was a likely innocent American man who was convicted and executed for the murder of his three young children by arson at the family home in Corsicana, Texas, on December 23, 1991. Since Willingham's 2004 execution, significant controversy has arisen over the legitimacy of the guilty verdict and the interpretation of the evidence that was used to convict him of arson and murder.

Willingham's case and the investigative techniques were criticized by a 2004 Chicago Tribune article. The case was discussed again in a 2009 investigative report in The New Yorker. This coverage suggested that the arson evidence was misinterpreted.  According to an August 2009 investigative report by an expert hired by the Texas Forensic Science Commission, the original claims of arson were doubtful. The Corsicana Fire Department disputes the findings, stating that the report overlooked several key points in the record. A 2011 documentary, Incendiary: The Willingham Case, also explored the case.

The case was complicated by allegations that Texas Governor Rick Perry impeded the investigation by replacing three of the nine Forensic Commission members to change the Commission's findings; Perry denies the allegations.

Fire
On December 23, 1991, a fire destroyed the family home of Cameron Todd Willingham in Corsicana, Texas. Killed in the fire were Willingham's three daughters: two-year-old Amber Louise Kuykendall, and one-year-old twins, Karmen Diane Willingham and Kameron Marie Willingham. Willingham himself escaped the home with only minor burns. Stacy Kuykendall, Willingham's then-wife and the mother of his three daughters, was not home at the time of the fire. She was out shopping for Christmas presents at a thrift shop.

Prosecutors charged that Willingham set the fire and killed the children in an attempt to cover up abuse of the children and wife. However, there was no evidence of child abuse. Kuykendall told prosecutors that he had never abused the children. "Our kids were spoiled rotten," she said, insisting he would never harm their children, but according to Kuykendall, she herself was abused by him.

Investigation and trial

Evidence
After the fire, the police investigation determined that the fire had been started using some form of a liquid accelerant. This evidence included a finding of char patterns in the floor in the shape of "puddles," a finding of multiple starting points of the fire, and a finding that the fire had burned "fast and hot," all considered to indicate a fire that had been ignited with the help of a liquid accelerant. The investigators also found charring under the aluminum front door jamb, which they believed was a further indication of a liquid accelerant and tested positive for such an accelerant in the area of the front door. No clear motive was found, and Willingham's wife denied that the couple had been fighting prior to the night of the fire.

Witnesses

Johnny Webb
In addition to the arson evidence presented at the trial, a jailhouse informant named Johnny Webb testified at that time. His testimony has been criticized as contentious for several reasons. Webb claimed that Willingham confessed that he set the fire to hide an injury or death of one of the girls, which was caused by his wife. But none of the girls were found at the time of death to have physical injuries that were still distinguishable after the effects of the fire. Webb later told David Grann, a reporter for The New Yorker that he might have been mistaken. He said he was prescribed many medications at that point while being treated for bipolar disorder.

At Willingham's trial, Webb offered an explanation for the individual, distinguishable burns found on Amber's forehead and arm. He said that Willingham confessed to burning her twice with a piece of "wadded up" paper in an effort to make it appear as though the children were "playing with fire."

Prosecutor John Jackson noted that Webb was considered unreliable, but he later supported an early release from prison for Webb. Webb later sent Jackson a "Motion to Recant Testimony," which declared, "Mr. Willingham is innocent of all charges." Willingham's attorneys were not notified. Webb later recanted his recantation. Webb later asked, "The statute of limitations has run out on perjury, hasn't it?"

Webb and Jackson consistently denied that Webb was offered a sentence reduction in return for his testimony against Willingham. Evidence of such a deal would have eliminated Webb's testimony. In February 2014, The New York Times reported that the Innocence Project investigators said that they had discovered a handwritten note in Webb's files indicating that such a deal was in play.

James Grigson
During the penalty phase of the trial, a prosecutor said that Willingham's tattoo of a skull and serpent fit the profile of a sociopath. Two medical experts confirmed the theory. A psychologist was asked to interpret Willingham's Iron Maiden poster. He said that a picture of a fist punching through a skull signified violence and death. He added that Willingham's Led Zeppelin poster of a fallen angel was "many times" an indicator of "cultive-type" activities.

Psychiatrist James Grigson, known by the moniker "Dr. Death" for his repeated testimony as an expert witness in which he recommended the death penalty, said that a man of Willingham's criminal history was an "extremely severe sociopath" and was incurable. Grigson had served as an expert witness for the prosecution in murder trials across the state of Texas. Prior to his death, he was expelled by the American Psychiatric Association and the Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians for unethical conduct. The APA said that Grigson had violated the organization's ethics code by

"Arriving at a psychiatric diagnosis without first having examined the individuals in question, and for indicating, while testifying in court as an expert witness, that he could predict with 100 per cent certainty that the individuals would engage in future violent acts."

The prosecution sought to establish that Willingham's conduct at the time of the fire and in the days afterward was suspicious. As the fire took hold, Willingham was driven out through the front door of his house, where he crouched down near the entrance. On seeing neighbor Diane Barbee, Willingham began to shout at her to call 911, shouting "My babies are in there!" At trial, Willingham's conduct at the scene was described as oscillating between collected and hysterical, at times screaming for assistance and at other times calmly pushing his car back from the flames that were engulfing his house. Willingham later said that he removed the car out of concern that it could explode and worsen the house fire.

Witnesses to the event and days after
Eyewitnesses described Willingham as having "singed hair on his chest, eyelids, and head and had a two-inch burn injury on his right shoulder, but the prosecution highlighted the absence of any evidence of smoke inhalation. His wrists and hands were blackened with smoke. He was eventually transported to the hospital for treatment, in handcuffs."

According to their sworn statements, both Brandice Barbee and Diane Barbee urged Willingham to return to the house to rescue his children. According to Brandice Barbee, "All I could see was smoke." According to Brandice, he refused, and moved his car away from the fire before returning to sit on a nearby lawn, "not once attempting to go inside to rescue his children." Once the fire had reached flashover and the fire department arrived, Willingham became far more agitated, to the point of being restrained by emergency services.

In the following days, Willingham returned to the house with some family and friends. Neighbors described this group as having an odd levity, which was seen to turn somber on the arrival of authorities. On returning to the scene of the fire with firefighter Ron Franks, in an effort to recover personal property (which was described as a very usual request at trial), Willingham was visibly dismayed at being unable to find a dart set. At a local bar, where a fundraiser was held for the Willingham family, he placed an order for a replacement set, stating that "money was not a problem now."

Motive
The prosecution claimed that Willingham may have been motivated by a desire to rid himself of unwanted children. The prosecutor claimed that the fire that killed the children was the third attempt by Willingham to kill them, and that he had attempted to abort each of his wife's two pregnancies by kicking her in order to cause miscarriages.

But journalist David Grann reported that "...there is evidence that Willingham hit his wife, even when she was pregnant, but there were no police reports or medical evidence indicating that Willingham had tried to abort or kill his children." He wrote, "Willingham's wife insisted during the trial and under interrogation that Willingham had not physically abused the children." The testimony at trial of Johnny Webb, a jailhouse informant, suggested that Willingham had set the fire in order to cover up an injury or death of one of the children due to his wife's actions.

The prosecutor also said that Willingham was a serial wife abuser, both physically and emotionally. Jackson said Willingham had abused animals and was a sociopath. However, those not associated with the case paint a different picture of Willingham. His former probation officer, Polly Goodin, said he had never demonstrated bizarre or sociopathic behavior and that "He was probably one of my favorite kids." Bebe Bridges, a former judge who was often on the "opposite side" of Willingham in the legal system, and who had sent him to jail for stealing, said that she could not imagine him killing his children. "He was polite, and he seemed to care," she said.

Trial
Willingham was charged with murder on January 8, 1992. During his trial in August 1992, he was offered a life term in exchange for a guilty plea, which he turned down, insisting he was innocent.

At trial, the fire investigator Vasquez testified there were three points of origin for the fire, which indicated that the fire was "intentionally set by human hands." A sample of burned material near the doorway of the house tested positive for mineral spirits, indicating the presence of lighter fluid. Willingham had escaped the fire with bare feet and no burn marks. This was taken as evidence that the accelerant was poured by Willingham as he left the house. Several witnesses testified for the prosecution.

In 2009, John Jackson, the prosecutor at the trial, stated that burns suffered by Willingham were "so superficial as to suggest that the same were self-inflicted in an attempt to divert suspicion from himself." Grann, however, said fire investigators who reviewed the case told him that "Willingham's first-degree and second-degree burns were consistent with being in a fire before the moment of 'flashover' — that is, when everything in a room suddenly ignites."

Commenting on the condition of the house, Jackson added, "Any escape or rescue route from the burning house was blocked by a refrigerator, which had been pushed against the back door, requiring any person attempting an escape to run through the conflagration at the front of the house." There were two refrigerators in the Willingham house. Jimmie Hensley, a police detective, and Douglas Fogg, the assistant fire chief — who both investigated the fire — told Grann that they had never believed that the refrigerator was part of the arson plot. "It didn't have [anything] to do with the fire," Fogg said.

Jackson contradicted Willingham's account by claiming blood gas analysis at Navarro Regional Hospital shortly after the fire revealed that Willingham had not inhaled any smoke. Willingham's statement and eyewitness accounts had detailed rescue attempts.

Consistent with typical Navarro County death penalty practice, Willingham was offered the opportunity to eliminate himself as a suspect by polygraph examination, which Willingham rejected, according to Jackson. Against the advice of his own counsel, Willingham declined a life sentence in exchange for his guilty plea. He insisted he would not admit to something he had not done, even if it meant sparing his life. During his trial, Willingham did not testify; the defense called only one witness, the Willinghams' babysitter, who stated that she believed that Willingham could not have killed his children.

Appeals, incarceration, and execution

Willingham had the Texas Department of Criminal Justice number 999041. While on death row, Willingham was initially incarcerated in the Ellis Unit, and later in the Polunsky Unit.

Willingham's case gained attention in December 2004, when Maurice Possley and Steve Mills of the Chicago Tribune published on poor investigative tactics. In 2009, an investigative report by Grann drew upon analysis by arson investigation experts and advances in fire science since the 1992 investigation; he suggested that the evidence for arson was unconvincing. He suggested that, had this information been available at the time of trial, it would have provided grounds for Willingham's acquittal. The 2011 documentary Incendiary: The Willingham Case also explored the case.

Willingham maintained his innocence up until his death and spent years trying to appeal his conviction. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals denied Willingham a writ of habeas corpus a month before his execution. Willingham was executed by lethal injection on February 17, 2004, at the Texas State Penitentiary in Huntsville. He was 36 years old.

Gerald Hurst
In 2004, Gerald Hurst examined the arson evidence compiled by state deputy fire marshal Manuel Vasquez. Hurst individually discredited each piece of arson evidence, using publicly supported experiments backed by his re-creation of the elements in question, the most notable being the Lime Street fire, which created the unique 3-point burn patterns flashover.

This left only the chemical testing for accelerant. The front porch was the only place where an accelerant was verified by laboratory tests, and a photograph taken of the house before the fire showed that a charcoal grill was there. Hurst speculated that it was likely that water sprayed by firefighters had spread the lighter fluid from the melted container. All twenty of the indications listed by Vasquez of an accelerant being used were rebutted by Hurst, who concluded there was "no evidence of arson" — the same conclusion reached by other fire investigators.

Hurst's report was sent to governor Rick Perrys office, as well as the Board of Pardons and Paroles along with Willingham's appeal for clemency. Neither responded to Willingham's appeals. In response to allegations that he allowed the execution of an innocent man, Perry was quoted as stating, "Willingham was a monster. He was a guy who murdered his three children, who tried to beat his wife into an abortion so that he wouldn't have those kids. Person after person has stood up and testified to facts of this case that quite frankly you all aren't covering."

But Hurst said, "The whole case was based on the purest form of junk science. There was no item of evidence that indicated arson." A spokeswoman for Governor Perry said he had weighed the "totality of the issues that led to (Willingham's) conviction." The spokeswoman added he was aware of a "claim of a reinterpretation of (the) arson testimony."

Question of guilt
Since Willingham's execution, persistent questions have been raised as to the accuracy of the forensic evidence used in the conviction: specifically, whether it can be proven that an accelerant (such as the lighter fluid mentioned above) was used to start the fatal fire. Fire investigator Gerald L. Hurst reviewed the case documents, including the trial transcriptions and an hour-long videotape of the aftermath of the fire scene. Hurst said in December 2004 that "There's nothing to suggest to any reasonable arson investigator that this was an arson fire. It was just a fire."

In June 2009, the State of Texas ordered a re-examination of the case. In August 2009, eighteen years after the fire and five years after Willingham's execution, a report conducted by Dr. Craig Beyler, hired by the Texas Forensic Science Commission to review the case, found that "a finding of arson could not be sustained." Beyler said key testimony from a fire marshal at Willingham's trial was "hardly consistent with a scientific mind-set and is more characteristic of mystics or psychics."

The prosecutor, John Jackson, and the City of Corsicana have both released formal responses to the Beyler Report on the investigation of the fire that killed Willingham's three children at the behest of the Texas Forensic Science Commission. Both were sharply critical of Beyler. In a 2009 article discussing the reasons why Willingham was found guilty, Jackson recalled witness statements establishing that Willingham was overheard whispering to his deceased older daughter at the funeral home, "You're not the one who was supposed to die." Jackson stated that Willingham's comment was an indicator of guilt. In a rebuttal, Grann wrote,

"If the arson investigators had concluded that there was no scientific evidence that a crime had occurred — as the top fire investigators in the country have now determined — Willingham's words at the funeral would surely be viewed as a sign that he was tormented by the fact that he had survived without saving his children."

An August 2009 Chicago Tribune investigative article concluded, "Over the past five years, the Willingham case has been reviewed by nine of the nation's top fire scientists — first for the Tribune, then for the Innocence Project, and now for the commission. All concluded that the original investigators relied on outdated theories and folklore to justify the determination of arson. The only other evidence of significance against Willingham was twice-recanted testimony by another inmate, who testified that Willingham had confessed to him. Jailhouse informants are viewed with skepticism in the justice system, so much so that some jurisdictions have restrictions against their use."

The Texas Forensic Science Commission was scheduled to discuss the report by Beyler at a meeting on October 2, 2009, but two days before the meeting, Texas Governor Rick Perry replaced the chair of the commission (Sam Bassett) and two other members (Alan Levy and Aliece Watts). The new chair, John Bradley, canceled the meeting, sparking accusations that Perry was interfering with the investigation and using it for his own political advantage.

In October 2009, the city of Corsicana released two affidavits that included statements from Ronnie Kuykendall, the former brother-in-law of Willingham, originally made in 2004. According to the affidavits, Willingham's ex-wife had told Ronnie that Willingham confessed to her that he had set the fire. On October 25, Stacy Kuykendall told the Fort Worth Star-Telegram that during a final prison meeting just weeks before he was put to death, Willingham admitted setting the fire in response to Stacy's alleged threats of divorce the night before.

Journalists familiar with the case noted that Stacy Kuykendall's statement explicitly contradicted previous comments, legal testimony, and numerous published interviews before and after the execution. "It's hard for me to make heads or tails of anything she said or didn't say," Willingham's prosecutor said. For example, earlier in 2009, Kuykendall supported her 2004 contradiction of her brother's affidavit (saying that there had been no confession) and had previously always maintained that things had been amicable between her and Willingham before the fire. In 2010, she declared, "Todd murdered Amber, Karmon, and Kameron. He burnt them. He admitted he burnt them to me, and he was convicted for his crime. That is the closest to justice that my daughters will ever get."

A four-person panel of the Texas Forensic Science Commission investigating evidence of arson presented in the case acknowledged on July 23, 2010, that state and local arson investigators used "flawed science" in determining that the blaze had been deliberately set. It also found insufficient evidence to prove that state Deputy Fire Marshal Manuel Vasquez and Corsicana Assistant Fire Chief Douglas Fogg were negligent or guilty of misconduct in their arson work.

In 2010, the Innocence Project filed a lawsuit against the State of Texas, seeking a judgment of "official oppression." Judge Charlie Baird held an inquiry in September 2010 in Austin, but Lowell Thompson, the Navarro County DA, appeared at the hearing with a motion for Baird to recuse himself due to conflict of interest — Baird had once affirmed Willingham's conviction while sitting as a Criminal Appeals judge yet had also been recognized by an anti-death penalty group. When the recusal motion was denied, Thompson appealed to the Third Court of Appeals and had the proceedings stayed. (Thompson later received an award from the Texas District and County Attorneys Association for this motion and appeal.)

In 2014, the Washington Post reported that new evidence emerged indicating that Webb had said in taped interviews that he lied on the witness stand in exchange for a prosecutor's help obtaining a reduced prison term and financial support from a rich rancher. On March 3, 2015, the Texas State Bar filed a disciplinary action, Commission for Lawyer Discipline v. Jackson, against Jackson for failing to disclose information on his deal with Webb. According to the complaint, "During a pretrial hearing on July 24, 1992, [Jackson] told the trial court that he had no evidence favorable to Willingham. That statement was false." A jury later heard and rejected the claim that Jackson had hid evidence, finding in favor of Jackson.

Films
Incendiary: The Willingham Case, a 2011 documentary film covering the case and its aftermath, won the Louis Black Award at the South by Southwest Film Festival.

David Grann's investigative article in The New Yorker titled "Trial by Fire" (collected in The Devil and Sherlock Holmes) was adapted into the 2018 film Trial by Fire directed by Edward Zwick starring Laura Dern and Jack O'Connell as Willingham.

In popular culture
 Episode 21, Season 11 of Law & Order: SVU, titled "Torch," is based on this case.
 Episode 9, Season 2 of The Good Wife, titled "Nine Hours," is based on this case.
 Episode 17, Season 7 of Cold Case, titled "Flashover," is based on this case.
 Trial by Fire (2018 film) is based on this case.
Season 9, episode 1 of Evil Lives Here. Told from the perspective of Stacy Kuykendall.
 The song "Corsicana" on the album Burst Apart by the rock band The Antlers is based on the event.

See also

 Carlos DeLuna
 Clarence Elkins
 Michael Morton
 Capital punishment in Texas
 Capital punishment in the United States
 List of people executed in Texas, 2000–2009
 List of people executed in the United States in 2004

References

Further reading

 Offender Information. Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on 2018-12-2.
 Last Statement. Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on 2004-03-22.
 Cameron Todd Willingham. The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved on 2007-11-20.
 Blumenthal, Ralph. Faulty Testimony Sent 2 to Death Row, Panel Finds. The New York Times (2006-05-03). Retrieved on 2007-11-20.

External links
 City of Corsicana Response to Beyler Report, 29 September 2009
 . – Texas Attorney General – Friday February 13, 2004
 Analysis of the Fire Investigation Methods and Procedures Used in the Criminal Arson Case Against Ernest Ray Willis and Cameran Todd Willingham – Craig L. Beyler.
 Willingham Files – A collection of all stories published by the Corsicana Daily Sun
 "Media Advisory: Cameron Todd Willingham Scheduled For Execution." Texas Attorney General
  (Video)

 Innocence Project case summary
 PBS portal on the Cameron Todd Willingham case – including original documents
 a shorter summary of the Cameron Todd Willingham case – a slide show presentation

1968 births
2004 deaths
21st-century executions by Texas
21st-century executions of American people
American murderers of children
American people convicted of murder
Filicides in Texas
People convicted of murder by Texas
People executed by Texas by lethal injection
People executed for murder
People from Corsicana, Texas

Cameron Todd Willingham


Jean-Pierre Soulier, né le  à Étretat et mort le  à Paris , est un hématologue français. Son nom est attaché avec celui de son confrère, le professeur Jean Bernard dans la Maladie de Bernard et Soulier.

Biographie

Jean-Pierre Soulier est né en 1915 à Étretat en Normandie. Il est le petit-fils d'un chirurgien. Après des études primaires et secondaires à Rouen, il entre à l'âge de 15 ans au lycée Pasteur de Neuilly à Paris, où il obtient son BEP. Il poursuit par la suite des études universitaires et obtint son diplôme de médecine à l'Université de Paris en 1937.

En 1938, il devient interne des hôpitaux de Paris. En 1944, il est nommé au poste de chef de clinique à la faculté de médecine de Paris. En 1945, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il suit une formation complémentaire à l'Université Harvard aux États-Unis pendant un an en tant que chercheur. Après son retour, il devient d'abord chef de laboratoire d'un service régional de collecte de sang à Paris. Neuf ans plus tard, il est nommé au poste de directeur de l'Institut national des services transfusionnels.

En 1946, il est chargé de recherche à l'Institut national d'hygiène. En 1954, il est nommé au poste de Directeur du Centre national de transfusion sanguine, fonction qu'il exerce jusqu'en 1984. En 1956, il est Président d'honneur de l'Association des hémophiles jusqu'en 1992.

En 1961, il devient professeur d'hématologie à l'Université de Paris. En 1970, est désigné comme  Président de la Société française d'hématologie. En 1971, Professeur à la faculté de médecine de Paris à l'Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades. De 1978 à 1980, il a été président de la Société internationale de médecine transfusionnelle.

Travaux

Les intérêts principaux de ses recherches se situent à la fois dans le domaine de la transfusion sanguine et de la coagulation sanguine. Il introduit quelques techniques nouvelles pour étudier divers problèmes dans ce domaine.

En 1947, il publie la découverte de la substance anticoagulante phénindione, la première préparation d'une fraction thérapeutique de plasma sanguin pour le traitement réussi d'un déficit en facteur IX et du complexe prothrombique. Le syndrome de Bernard-Soulier, un trouble congénital des fonctions des plaquettes sanguines (thrombocytes), avec une tendance accrue aux saignements, porte son nom.

En 1948, il étudie avec le professeur Jean Bernard le syndrome Bernard-Soulier qui porte leurs noms. Les deux hématologues ont décrit le cas d'un jeune homme avec une tendance à saigner, une thrombocytopénie et des thrombocytes extrêmement hypertrophiés (« thrombocytes géants »). Le patient s'est présenté à l'âge de 15 ans avec des saignements de nez importants et du sang dans les selles, puis a subi des saignements répétés au cours des années suivantes et est décédé à l'âge de 28 ans d'une hémorragie cérébrale. Sa sœur est morte en bas âge à l'âge de 31 mois. Les parents et les autres frères et sœurs n'ont pas été touchés.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Biographie de Jean-Pierre Soulier
 Décès et nécrologie du professeur Jean-Pierre Soulier dans Le Monde daté du 27 janvier 2003
 Jean-Pierre Solier dans l'encyclopédie Universalis

Hématologue français
Professeur à la faculté de médecine de Paris
Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades
Naissance en janvier 1915
Naissance à Étretat
Décès en janvier 2003
Décès dans le 16e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 87 ans

Jean-Pierre Soulier


Kapela sv. Antuna je rimokatolička građevina u mjestu Ježevo, općini Rugvica.

Opis
Kapela sv. Antuna nalazi se na uskoj nepravilnoj parceli uz cestu u središtu naselja Ježevo. Izvorna drvena kapelica bila je okružena grobljem te je nosila titular sv. Duha, a prvi se put spominje u drugoj polovici 17. st. Godine 1908. na njezinom mjestu sagrađena je u pojednostavljenim historicističkim oblicima nova zidana kapela posvećena sv. Antunu Padovanskom.To je jednobrodna građevina s užim i nižim trostranim svetištem i kvadratnim sakristijama sa svake strane te pravokutnim zvonikom završenim piramidalnom limenom kapom iznad glavnog pročelja. Građena je od opeke i kamena te pokrivena pokrovom od biber crijepa. Njezinom vanjštinom dominira raščlamba rustičnim lezenama (kojima na unutrašnjim zidovima odgovaraju kanelirani pilastri) i polukružnim prozorskim otvorima. Pročelja imaju istaknuti visoki sokl te završavaju višestruko profiliranim krovnim vijencem. Drvene dvokrilne vratnice s polukružnim nadsvjetlom nalaze se na njezinom ulazu.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5620 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Zagrebačkoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj

Kapela sv. Antuna (Ježevo)


Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna (Stare Wierzchowiska, 1838 – Paris, 1881)  foi uma ativista e soldada polaca, reconhecida por sua participação na Revolta de Janeiro.

Ela foi filha de uma nobra polaca, Marianna Kossakowski, e de um oficial russo, Teofil Pustaya, de origem húngara. Mais tarde ele se tornou um general. Após ela atender uma escola em Lublin, ela ingressou em uma finishing school em Puławy. Apesar de seu parentesco misturado, ela considerava a si mesma como polaca. Aos vinte anos ela foi presa em 1861 por desobediência civil (ela cantou hinos religiosos em público). Ela foi detida em um convento ortodoxo na Rússia, mas escapou. Ela foi para Moldávia, onde se juntou com guerrilheiros polacos.

Ela se tornou uma ativista pela independência da Polônia e lutou na Revolta de Janeiro como assistente do comandante Marian Langiewicz. Ela se disfarçou de homem para poder combater.

Ela foi capturada e presa por autoridades austríacas e depois que foi solta se mudou primeiramente para Praga, depois para a Suíça e por último para Paris, onde ela atuou como enfermeira na Comuna de Paris em 1870. Em 1873 ela se casou com o médico Dr. Loewenhardt, o qual ela tinha conhecido durante as revolta na Polônia. Eles tiveram quatros filhos. Após a morte de sua cunhada, ela ficou com a guarda de duas crianças órfãs. Ela morreu enquanto dormia em Paris.

Ligações externas
 Artigo na Grande Enciclopédia Soviética (em russo).

Mulheres que se travestiram em época de guerra

Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna


ماري-لويز باركر  ممثلة أمريكية من مواليد 2 أغسطس 1964.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 Mary Louise Parker at Emmys.com

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بروكلين هايتس
أمريكيون مغتربون في تايلاند
أمريكيون من أصل ألماني
أمريكيون من أصل أيرلندي
أمريكيون من أصل إسكتلندي
أمريكيون من أصل إسكتلندي أيرلندي
أمريكيون من أصل إنجليزي
أمريكيون من أصل سويدي
أمريكيون من أصل هولندي
حائزون على جائزة توني
حائزون على جائزة دراما ديسك
رواة كتب صوتية
كتاب من كولومبيا (كارولاينا الجنوبية)
مغتربون أمريكيون في ألمانيا
مغتربون أمريكيون في فرنسا
ممارسو التأمل التجاوزي
ممثلات أفلام أمريكيات
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 20
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 21
ممثلات تلفزيون أمريكيات
ممثلات سوب أوبرا أمريكيات
ممثلات مسرح أمريكيات
ممثلات مسرح موسيقي أمريكيات
ممثلات من أصل ألماني
ممثلات من أصل أيرلندي
ممثلات من أصل بريطاني
ممثلات من أصل هولندي
ممثلات من كولومبيا (كارولاينا الجنوبية)
مواليد 1964
ناشطو مكافحة الإيدز

ماري-لويز باركر


Chocholná-Velčice este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Trenčín din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.696 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Chocholná-Velčice este atestată documentar din 1345.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Chocholná-Velčice


Coriandrum is a genus of herbs in the family Apiaceae containing the cultivated species Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and the wild species Coriandrum tordylium. The leaves and seeds of Coriandrum sativum are used in cooking. The leaves are often referred to as cilantro in North America.

It is also in Tribe Coriandreae.

References

Apioideae
Apioideae genera

Coriandrum


විලියම්ස් ශාස්ත්‍රාලය යනු,  විලියම්ස්ටවුන්, මැසචූසට්ස් තුල පිහිටි පෞද්ගලික ලිබරල් කලා ශාස්ත්‍රාලයකි. 1755 වසරෙහිදී ප්‍රංශ ඉන්දියානු යුද්ධයෙහිදී මිය ගිය, මැසචූසට්ස් බේ පළාත තුල පදිංචිව සිටි ජානපදිකයෙක් වූ ඊෆ්‍රයම් විලියම්ස් සතුවූ බූදලයෙන් හිමිවූ අරමුදල් භාවිතයෙන් 1793 වසරෙහිදී එය සංස්ථාපනය කර ඇත.

ගම්බද වයඹ දිග මැසචූසට්ස්හී බර්ක්ෂයර්ස් ප්‍රදේශයෙහි විලියම්ස්ටවුන්හී  ප්‍රමාණයක මණ්ඩපයක විලියම්ස් ශාස්ත්‍රාලය පිහිටා ඇත. මෙම මණ්ඩපය සතුව  100 කට වඩා ශාස්ත්‍රීය, මලල ක්‍රීඩාමය සහ, නේවාසික ගොඩනැගිලි පිහිටා ඇත. ඡන්ද බල හිමිකම සහිත පීඨ සාමාජිකයන් 357 සිටින අතර, ශිෂ්‍ය-පීඨ සාමාජික අනුපාතය 7:1 ක් වෙයි. 2018 වන විට, විද්‍යාංශය සතුව  උපාධිඅපේක්ෂක ශිෂ්‍යයන් 2,020 සහ උපාධිධාරී ශිෂ්‍යයන් 54 ඇතුළත්ව සිටියහ.

ආශ්‍රිත

 මැසචූසට්ස්හී 1793 වසරෙහි සංස්ථාපන
 1790 ගණන් වලදී සංස්ථාපනය කෙරුණු අධ්‍යාපනික ආයතන
එක්සටර් ශාස්ත්‍රාලය, ඔක්ස්ෆර්ඩ්
මැසචූසට්ස්හී ලිබරල් කලා ශාස්ත්‍රාල
 අනෑපලස් සමූහයෙහි සාමාජිකයෝ
 බර්ක්ෂයර් කෝරළයෙහි විශ්වවිද්‍යාල සහ ශාස්ත්‍රාල
වී-12 නාවික හමුදා ශාස්ත්‍රාල  පුහුණුකිරීම් වැඩසටහන
විලියම්ස්ටවුන්, මැසචූසට්ස්

විලියම්ස් ශාස්ත්‍රාලය


Lejeunea, rod jetrenjarki (Marchantiophyta) iz porodice Lejeuneaceae. Sastoji se od blizu 400 vrsta.

Vrste

 Lejeunea abyssinica (Gola) Cufod.
 Lejeunea acanthogona Spruce
 Lejeunea acuminata (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm.
 Lejeunea acuta Mitt.
 Lejeunea acutata (Steph.) Solari
 Lejeunea adpressa Nees
 Lejeunea aethiopica E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea alaskana (R.M. Schust. & Steere) Inoue & Steere
 Lejeunea alata Gottsche
 Lejeunea albescens (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea albiflora Colenso
 Lejeunea aloba Sande Lac.
 Lejeunea alobifolia (Steph.) H.A. Mill.
 Lejeunea amaniensis E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea ambigua Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea amentulifera Steph.
 Lejeunea androgyna R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea angulifolia Mitt.
 Lejeunea angusta (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mont.
 Lejeunea anisophylla Mont.
 Lejeunea anomala Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea antillana Steph.
 Lejeunea aphanes Spruce
 Lejeunea apiahyna (Steph.) Sushil K. Singh
 Lejeunea apiculata Sande Lac.
 Lejeunea aptycta Gottsche
 Lejeunea aquatica Horik.
 Lejeunea armitii (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea asperifolia Steph.
 Lejeunea asperrima Spruce
 Lejeunea asperula (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea asprella Spruce
 Lejeunea asthenica Spruce
 Lejeunea atheatostipa Spruce
 Lejeunea balazsii (Pócs) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea barbata (Herzog) R.L. Zhu & M.J. Lai
 Lejeunea bermudiana (A. Evans) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea bethanica Gottsche
 Lejeunea bidentula Herzog
 Lejeunea biformis Gottsche
 Lejeunea blepharogona Spruce
 Lejeunea blomquistii R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea boliviensis (Steph.) R.L. Zhu & M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea bombonasensis Spruce
 Lejeunea bornmuelleri (Steph.) M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea boryana Mont.
 Lejeunea brenanii E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea calcicola R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea canariensis (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea cancellata Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea candida (Pócs) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea cantabrigiensis E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea capensis Gottsche
 Lejeunea caracensis Lindenb.
 Lejeunea caripensis Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea caroliniana Austin
 Lejeunea catinulifera Spruce
 Lejeunea caulicalyx (Steph.) M.E. Reiner & Goda
 Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb.
 Lejeunea caviloba (Steph.) Besch.
 Lejeunea cerina (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb.
 Lejeunea chaishanensis S.H. Lin
 Lejeunea chamissonis Lindenb.
 Lejeunea chimborazensis Spruce
 Lejeunea cladogyna A. Evans
 Lejeunea clavata Lindenb.
 Lejeunea claviformis Lindenb. ex Steph.
 Lejeunea cochleata Spruce
 Lejeunea cocoes Mitt.
 Lejeunea colensoana (Steph.) M.A.M. Renner
 Lejeunea combuensis O.S. Moura, Ilk.-Borg. & M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea compacta (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea concava Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea concinnula Spruce & Steph.
 Lejeunea conformis Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea connatistipula (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea contracta Mizut.
 Lejeunea controversa Gottsche
 Lejeunea convexiloba M.L. So & R.L. Zhu
 Lejeunea corcovadae (Steph.) Bischl.
 Lejeunea cordiflora Spruce
 Lejeunea cordistipula Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea corralensis A. Evans
 Lejeunea corynantha Spruce
 Lejeunea crassiretis Mitt.
 Lejeunea cristulata (Steph.) M.E. Reiner & Goda
 Lejeunea cristuliflora (Steph.) M.E. Reiner & Goda
 Lejeunea curviloba Steph.
 Lejeunea cuspidistipula (Steph.) Steph. ex Watts
 Lejeunea cyanomontana R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea cyanophora R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea cyathearum E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea cyathophora Mitt.
 Lejeunea cyrtotis Spruce
 Lejeunea debilis (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea denticalyx (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea denticuspis (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea denudata (Pearson) J.J. Engel
 Lejeunea deplanata Nees
 Lejeunea devendrae (Sushil K. Singh) P.K. Verma & K.K. Rawat
 Lejeunea diaphana Spruce
 Lejeunea dictyocalyx Spruce
 Lejeunea dimorpha T. Kodama
 Lejeunea dipterocarpa E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea dipterota (Eifrig) G.E. Lee
 Lejeunea discreta Lindenb.
 Lejeunea disjecta Spruce
 Lejeunea diversicuspis Spruce
 Lejeunea drehwaldii (Herzog) Heinrichs & Schäf.-Verw.
 Lejeunea drummondii Taylor
 Lejeunea duncaniae (Sim) M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea ecarinata (Steph.) J.M. Coult., Barnes & Arthur
 Lejeunea eckloniana Lindenb.
 Lejeunea edentata (R.M. Schust.) L. Söderstr.
 Lejeunea eifrigii (Eifrig) Mizut.
 Lejeunea elegans Gottsche
 Lejeunea elongella Gottsche
 Lejeunea emarginuliflora Gottsche ex Steph.
 Lejeunea epibrya Taylor
 Lejeunea erostrata (Steph.) M.E. Reiner & Goda
 Lejeunea estrellamontana (R.M. Schust.) M.A.M. Renner & Pócs
 Lejeunea exilis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Grolle
 Lejeunea falcata (Pócs & J. Eggers) Pócs
 Lejeunea fawcettiae (D.J. Carr) D.J. Carr
 Lejeunea fernandeziana S.W. Arnell
 Lejeunea firma Mitt.
 Lejeunea fissistipula (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea flaccida Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea flagellaris Spruce
 Lejeunea flagellifera C.J. Bastos, M.E. Reiner & Schäf.-Verw.
 Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees
 Lejeunea flavida Mitt.
 Lejeunea flavovirens Ångstr.
 Lejeunea fleischeri (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea florida Spruce
 Lejeunea floridana A. Evans
 Lejeunea fulfordiae (Jovet-Ast) R.L. Zhu
 Lejeunea fulva Spruce
 Lejeunea fusagasugana Gottsche
 Lejeunea galeata Spruce
 Lejeunea gayana Gottsche
 Lejeunea ghatensis (P.K. Verma & S.C. Srivast.) Sushil K. Singh & Pócs
 Lejeunea gibbiloba (Steph.) H.A. Mill.
 Lejeunea glaucescens Gottsche
 Lejeunea globosiflora (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea gomphocalyx Spruce
 Lejeunea gottscheana Lindenb.
 Lejeunea gracilicaulis Spruce
 Lejeunea gracilipes (Taylor) Spruce
 Lejeunea gracilis Steph.
 Lejeunea gradsteiniana (Steph.) Pócs
 Lejeunea gradsteinii G.E. Lee, Damanhuri & Latiff
 Lejeunea graminicolor Spruce
 Lejeunea grolleana (Bernecker) R.L. Zhu & W. Ye
 Lejeunea grossecristata (Steph.) E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea grossiretis (Steph.) M.E. Reiner & Goda
 Lejeunea grossistipula Steph.
 Lejeunea grossitexta (Steph.) M.E. Reiner & Goda
 Lejeunea grossiuscula Gottsche ex Steph.
 Lejeunea haitica Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea hamatiloba G.E. Lee, Schäf.-Verw., M.A.M. Renner & Heinrichs
 Lejeunea hawaikiana (R.M. Schust.) M.A.M. Renner & de Lange
 Lejeunea helenae Pearson
 Lejeunea helmsiana (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea hepaticola (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea herminieri (Steph.) R.L. Zhu
 Lejeunea heterocheila Taylor
 Lejeunea hibernica (Bischl., H.A. Mill. & Bonner) Bischl., H.A. Mill. & Bonner ex Grolle
 Lejeunea hieronymii Spruce
 Lejeunea hodgsoniana Grolle ex R.J. Lewington, Bever. & M.A.M. Renner
 Lejeunea howeana (Steph.) Grolle
 Lejeunea hui R.L. Zhu
 Lejeunea humefacta Spruce
 Lejeunea hyalina (Steph.) L. Söderstr. & A. Hagborg
 Lejeunea hygrophila Gottsche
 Lejeunea ibadana A.J. Harr. & E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea immersa Spruce
 Lejeunea increscens Spruce
 Lejeunea inflatiloba (Steph.) H.A. Mill., Bonner & Bischl.
 Lejeunea inflexiloba (J.B. Jack & Steph.) Prantl
 Lejeunea intricata (J.B. Jack & Steph.) Prantl
 Lejeunea isophylla E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea japonica Mitt.
 Lejeunea jardinii Spruce
 Lejeunea julacea Steph.
 Lejeunea jungneri (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea juruana (Steph.) Gradst. & M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea kashyapii M. Dey, D.K. Singh & D. Singh
 Lejeunea kilimandjarensis Steph.
 Lejeunea kinabalensis Mizut.
 Lejeunea kodamae Ikegami & Inoue
 Lejeunea konosensis Mizut.
 Lejeunea koponenii (Pócs & J. Eggers) Pócs
 Lejeunea kudremukhensis (Steph.) Sushil K. Singh & Pócs
 Lejeunea kuerschneriana Pócs
 Lejeunea laeta (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb.
 Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea laevicalyx Gottsche
 Lejeunea laii (Herzog) R.L. Zhu
 Lejeunea lamacerina (Steph.) Schiffn.
 Lejeunea latilobula (Herzog) R.L. Zhu & M.L. So
 Lejeunea laxa (Nees) Lindenb.
 Lejeunea leiantha Spruce
 Lejeunea leptalea Spruce
 Lejeunea leptoscypha Spruce
 Lejeunea leratii (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea leucosis Besch. & Spruce
 Lejeunea liromobana Singh Deo & D.K. Singh
 Lejeunea litoralis Steph.
 Lejeunea lomana E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea longicollis S.W. Arnell
 Lejeunea longidentata C.J. Bastos, Gradst., Vilas Bôas-Bastos & Schäf.-Verw.
 Lejeunea longilobula (Pócs) Pócs
 Lejeunea lowriana Steph.
 Lejeunea lumbricoides (Nees) Nees
 Lejeunea lunatigastria Tixier
 Lejeunea lusoria (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph.
 Lejeunea luzonensis (Steph.) R.L. Zhu & M.J. Lai
 Lejeunea lyratiflora (Steph.) Prantl
 Lejeunea macrorhyncha Spruce
 Lejeunea magohukui Mizut.
 Lejeunea malangensis (Herzog) R.L. Zhu & Y.M. Wei
 Lejeunea mandonii (Steph.) Müll. Frib.
 Lejeunea marasmodes Spruce
 Lejeunea masoalae Pócs
 Lejeunea massalongoana (Schiffn. ex P. Syd.) Solari
 Lejeunea megalantha Spruce
 Lejeunea mehrana M. Dey, D.K. Singh & D. Singh
 Lejeunea meridensis Ilk.-Borg.
 Lejeunea micholitzii (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea microloba Taylor
 Lejeunea mimula (Steph.) Hürl.
 Lejeunea minutiloba A. Evans
 Lejeunea mizoramensis Sushil K. Singh
 Lejeunea mizutanii (Steph.) Grolle
 Lejeunea molkenboeriana Sande Lac.
 Lejeunea monimiae (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea morobensis (Grolle) M.A.M. Renner & Pócs
 Lejeunea multidentata M.E. Reiner & Mustelier
 Lejeunea musae (Spreng.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
 Lejeunea muscicola Spruce
 Lejeunea neelgherriana Gottsche
 Lejeunea nemoralis Gottsche
 Lejeunea nepalensis Steph.
 Lejeunea nesiotica Besch. & Spruce
 Lejeunea neumanniana Nees
 Lejeunea nietneri (Steph.) Steph. ex Watts
 Lejeunea nilgiriensis (P.K. Verma & S.C. Srivast.) Sushil K. Singh & Pócs
 Lejeunea notata Gottsche
 Lejeunea novoguineensis Schiffn.
 Lejeunea nymannii Steph.
 Lejeunea obfusca Mitt.
 Lejeunea obidensis Spruce
 Lejeunea obscura Mitt.
 Lejeunea obtusangula Spruce
 Lejeunea obtusata Gottsche
 Lejeunea oerstediana Lindenb. & Hampe
 Lejeunea okomuensis E.W. Jones
 Lejeunea oligoclada Spruce
 Lejeunea oracola M.A.M. Renner
 Lejeunea otiana S. Hatt.
 Lejeunea ovalifolia Steph.
 Lejeunea pacifica Mont.
 Lejeunea pallescens Mitt.
 Lejeunea pallida Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea pallidevirens (S. Hatt.) S. Hatt.
 Lejeunea pallidissima Gola
 Lejeunea papilionacea (Steph.) Prantl
 Lejeunea papuana (Pócs) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea paraensis Spruce
 Lejeunea paratropa Spruce
 Lejeunea parva (S. Hatt.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea parviloba Ångstr.
 Lejeunea patagonica (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea patens Lindb.
 Lejeunea patersonii (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea patriciae (Tixier) Schäf.-Verw.
 Lejeunea paucidentata (Steph.) Grolle
 Lejeunea pectinella Mizut.
 Lejeunea perigonialis Gottsche
 Lejeunea perpapillosa M.E. Reiner & K.C. Pôrto
 Lejeunea pertusa (Corda ex Nees & Mont.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
 Lejeunea pfleidereri (Steph.) Sushil K. Singh
 Lejeunea phyllobola Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea planiloba A. Evans
 Lejeunea polilloensis Steph.
 Lejeunea polyantha Mont.
 Lejeunea praetervisa Steph.
 Lejeunea primordialis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
 Lejeunea princeps (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea prionoides Spruce
 Lejeunea proboscidea Gottsche
 Lejeunea procumbens Mitt.
 Lejeunea prominula Gottsche
 Lejeunea pteridis Besch. & Spruce
 Lejeunea pterigonia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mont.
 Lejeunea ptosimophylla C. Massal.
 Lejeunea puiggariana Steph.
 Lejeunea pulchriflora (Pearson) G.E. Lee, Bechteler, Pócs, Schäf.-Verw. & Heinrichs
 Lejeunea pulverulenta (Steph.) M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea pulvinata (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees & Mont.
 Lejeunea quinqueumbonata Spruce
 Lejeunea raddiana Lindenb.
 Lejeunea radicans Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea ramosissima Steph.
 Lejeunea ramulosa Spruce
 Lejeunea rara Steph.
 Lejeunea ravenelii Austin
 Lejeunea recurva (Steph.) M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea reflexistipula (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb.
 Lejeunea reinerae (Mizut. & Grolle) Ilk.-Borg.
 Lejeunea remotifolia Hampe ex Steph.
 Lejeunea resinata G.E. Lee, Schäf.-Verw., M.A.M. Renner & Heinrichs
 Lejeunea resupinata (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea reticulata Herzog
 Lejeunea rhigophila M.A.M. Renner
 Lejeunea rhodesiae (Sim) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea rionegrensis (Spruce) Spruce
 Lejeunea riparia Mitt.
 Lejeunea rothii (Schwägr.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
 Lejeunea rotundifolia Mitt.
 Lejeunea ruthii (A. Evans) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea sanctae-helenae M. Wigginton
 Lejeunea scabriflora Loitl.
 Lejeunea schusteri (R.M. Schust.) Grolle
 Lejeunea semiscabrida Gottsche
 Lejeunea semperi Steph.
 Lejeunea seriata Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea sessiliflora (Steph.) Grolle
 Lejeunea setacea (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea setiloba Spruce
 Lejeunea sharpii (R.M. Schust.) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea siccata Spruce
 Lejeunea sikorae (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea silvatica Gottsche
 Lejeunea smaragdina Besch. & Spruce
 Lejeunea soae (Herzog) R.L. Zhu, Y.M. Wei, L. Söderstr., A. Hagborg & von Konrat
 Lejeunea solanicola Spruce
 Lejeunea sordida (Nees) Nees
 Lejeunea spiniloba Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Lejeunea spinuliflora Spruce
 Lejeunea sporadica Besch. & Spruce
 Lejeunea squarrosa (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea squarrosula (Herzog) Solari
 Lejeunea srivastavae P.K. Verma & K.K. Rawat
 Lejeunea stenodentata (Steph.) M.A.M. Renner & Pócs
 Lejeunea stephaniana (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea stevensiana (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea subacuta Mitt.
 Lejeunea subaquatica Schiffn.
 Lejeunea subbifida (Steph.) Steph. ex Duss
 Lejeunea subelobata Carrington & Pearson
 Lejeunea subigiensis (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea subolivacea (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea subplana (Steph.) C.J. Bastos
 Lejeunea subrufula Spruce
 Lejeunea subsessilis Spruce
 Lejeunea subspathulata Spruce
 Lejeunea succulenta Herzog
 Lejeunea suffruticola Spruce
 Lejeunea sulphurea (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Spruce
 Lejeunea syoshii Inoue
 Lejeunea talamancensis M.E. Reiner & Schäf.-Verw.
 Lejeunea tamasii M.E. Reiner, N. Salazar & C. Chung
 Lejeunea tapajosensis Spruce
 Lejeunea tarapotensis Spruce
 Lejeunea tenella Taylor
 Lejeunea tenera (Sw.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
 Lejeunea terricola Spruce
 Lejeunea thallophora (Eifrig) Gradst.
 Lejeunea tonduzana (Steph.) M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea topoensis Gradst. & M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea touwii (Pócs) R.M. Schust.
 Lejeunea trachygona Spruce
 Lejeunea trinitensis Lindenb.
 Lejeunea trochantha Spruce
 Lejeunea trukensis H.A. Mill. & Bonner
 Lejeunea tuberculosa Steph.
 Lejeunea tumida Mitt.
 Lejeunea tunquiniensis M.E. Reiner & Drehwald
 Lejeunea umbilicata (Nees) Nees
 Lejeunea urbanii (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea urbanioides G.E. Lee, Schäf.-Verw., M.A.M. Renner & Heinrichs
 Lejeunea utriculata (Steph.) Mizut.
 Lejeunea venezuelana (R.M. Schust.) R.L. Zhu & W. Ye
 Lejeunea vesicata Mitt.
 Lejeunea villaumei (Steph.) Grolle
 Lejeunea viridis (R.M. Schust.) R.M. Schust. ex L. Söderstr. & A. Hagborg
 Lejeunea vojtkoi Pócs
 Lejeunea vulgariformis Gottsche
 Lejeunea wattsiana (Steph.) H.A. Mill., Bonner & Bischl.
 Lejeunea wichurae (Steph.) Steph.
 Lejeunea wightii Lindenb.
 Lejeunea xiphophylla (Herzog) M.E. Reiner
 Lejeunea zacuapana (Steph.) Prantl

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Lejeuneaceae

Lejeunea


An Baldellia repens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ooststr.. An Baldellia repens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Baldellia, ngan familia nga Alismataceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 B. r. baetica
 B. r. cavanillesii
 B. r. repens

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Baldellia

Baldellia repens