Biserica reformată din Periș este un ansamblu de monumente istorice aflat pe teritoriul satului Periș, comuna Gornești.

Ansamblul este format din două monumente:
 Biserica reformată ()
 Clopotniță din lemn ()

Localitatea
Periș (în ) este un sat în comuna Gornești din județul Mureș, Transilvania, România. Prima menționare documentară a satului Gornești este din anul 1441.

Biserica
Biserica datează din secolul XIV, inițial biserică catolică, a ordinului dominican. Ulterior, după reforma protestantă, lăcașul a fost preluat de credincioșii calvini.

Biserica este construită în stil gotic, însă de-a lungul anilor a suferit multe transformări. Biserica în forma originală era alcătuită dintr-o navă centrală, dreptunghiulară, de mici dimensiuni, 10x7 metri, și o absidă, planul bisericii urmând planul goticului radiant. La fel și geamurile bisericii păstrează forma originală a stilului gotic.

Interiorul bisericii păstrează stilul simplu al bisericilor protestante, decorația fiind minimă. Din anul 1731 datează câteva bănci donate de Eva Bánfi. Amvonul a fost construit în anul 1837. Masa Domnului data din anul 1806, fiind donată de Therézia Imreh, însă a fost schimbată în anul 1951. Orga bisericii a fost construită în anul 1839 de Binder János. Candelabrul din fier, opera artistului Puskás Sándor, este donat în anul 1966, de pastorul János Fekete și József Demeter, curatorul bisericii. Tot la inițiativa pastorului reformat al satului Periș și protopop al Gurghiului, Fekete János, este construit și noul portic, situat în partea nordică a bisericii, în anul 1988. Gardul înconjurător al bisericii este făcut de către comunitatea reformată din Periș, în anul 1976.

În curtea bisericii reformate este situată o clopotniță de lemn, veche de aproximativ 300 de ani. Din 1768 aparține bisericii reformate din Periș, fiind cumpărată din satul Beica de Jos. A fost reparată de mai multe ori, fără modificări sau adăugiri.

Note

Vezi și
 Periș, Mureș

Legături externe
 Monumente istorice din România - Fișă și localizare de monument

Imagini din exterior

Monumente istorice din județul Mureș
Biserici reformate din România
Biserici din județul Mureș
Biserici din secolul al XIV-lea din România
Ordinul dominican

Biserica reformată din Periș


غيلسون تافاريس فيرنانديز ، من مواليد 2 سبتمبر 1986 في برايا في الرأس الأخضر، لاعب كرة قدم سويسري.

يلعب مع نادي كييفو فيرونا الإيطالي منذ عام 2010.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب سويسرا لكرة القدم في عام 2007.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب غيلسون فيرنانديز خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 10 أندية في عشرون موسمًا وسجل خلالها 11 هدفًا ضمن 444 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسمين بالكأس ولم يفز بأي دوري.

خاض غيلسون فيرنانديز مسيرته مع نادي سيون في موسم 2002–03 في المرة الأولى ليلعب معه خمسة مواسم ثم في موسم 2012–13 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا طوالها في 121 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي مانشستر سيتي في موسم 2007–08 ولمدة موسمين، حيث شارك في 43 مباراة سجل خلالها 3 أهداف. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي سانت إتيان في موسم 2009–10 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 33 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي كييفو فيرونا في موسم 2010–11 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 29 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي أودينيزي في موسم 2011–12 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 16 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا. ثم انتقل بعدها إلى نادي فرايبورغ في موسم 2013–14 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 30 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا أيضًا. ليعود وينتقل من جديد، لكن هذه المرة إلى نادي ستاد رين في موسم 2014–15 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 93 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا أيضًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي آينتراخت فرانكفورت في موسم 2017–18 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 58 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا أيضًا.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سويسريون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سويسريون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
أخضريون مهاجرون إلى سويسرا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من سان تياغو
أشخاص من فاليز
رياضيون أوروبيون من أصل رأس أخضري
رياضيون سويسريون مغتربون في البرتغال
رياضيون سويسريون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون سويسريون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون سويسريون مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون سويسريون مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون سويسريون من أصل إفريقي
رياضيون من برايا
سويسريون من أصل رأس أخضري
لاعبو آينتراخت فرانكفورت
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو أودينيزي
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2016
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو دوري السوبر السويسري
لاعبو رين
لاعبو سانت إتيان
لاعبو سبورتينغ لشبونة
لاعبو فرايبورغ
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كأس العالم 2014
لاعبو كأس العالم 2018
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في البرتغال
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم سويسريون
لاعبو كرة قدم سويسريون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في البرتغال
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم من الرأس الأخضر
لاعبو كرة قدم من برايا
لاعبو كرة قدم من فاليز
لاعبو كييفو فيرونا
لاعبو ليستر سيتي
لاعبو مانشستر سيتي
لاعبو منتخب سويسرا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي سيون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1986
مواليد في برايا

غيلسون فيرنانديز


بلدية أبروسينا , هي بلدية مقاطعة المرية. جنوب شرق إسبانيا.

النمو السكاني

المصدر: INE (Spain)

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
  Abrucena

أماكن مأهولة في المرية
بلديات المرية

أبروسينا


الجِيلاَنِي السَعْدِي مخرج سينمائي تونسي، ولد في  بمدينة بنزرت، درس السينما بباريس.

أعماله
 1994، أخرج أول فيلم قصير له (Marchandage nocturne)
 2007، أخرج فيلمًا متوسطًا (Café-hôtel de l'avenir)
 2002، أخرج أول فيلم طويل له، وهو فيلم خرمة.
 2006، أخرج فيلم عرس الذيب، الذي تحصل على جائزة أحسن فيلم أفريقي بمهرجان السينما الأفريقية بميلانو عام 2007، وعلى جائزة الحكام بأيام قرطاج السينمائية عام 2007.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

مخرجو أفلام تونسيون
مواليد 1381 هـ
مواليد في بنزرت

الجيلاني السعدي


Nabbi ist ein Zwerg der nordischen Mythologie, der zusammen mit dem Zwerg Dain den goldenen Eber Hildisvini der Göttin Freyja schuf.

Quellen
Im Hyndluljóð äußert sich Freyja im Dialog mit Hyndla über die Erschaffung von Hildisvini durch die zwei Zwerge:

"Dulin ertu, Hyndla, draums ætlig þér,
er þú qveðr ver minn í valsinni,
þar er gǫltr glóar, gullinbursti,
Hildisvíni, er mér hagir gørðo,
dvergar tveir, Dáinn oc Nabbi."

"Töricht bist du, Hyndla, im Traum bist du, glaub ich,
wenn du sagst, mein Mann sei auf dem Walweg,
wo der Eber glänzt, der goldborstige,
Hildiswini, den mir Kunstfertige schufen,
zwei Zwerge, Dainn und Nabbi."

 – Hyndluljóð 7

Theorien

Viktor Rydberg setzt in seiner Teutonic Mythology Nabbi mit den Zwergen Dvalin und Sindri gleich.

Einzelnachweise

Germanische Sagengestalt
Zwerg (Mythologie)

Nabbi


Frederik Johan van Baer, Seigneur de Slangenburg (27 juillet 1645 – 15 décembre 1713) est un officier néerlandais au service de Guillaume III d'Orange.

Carrière
Il était catholique, et, de ce fait, il ne pouvait pas avoir un poste au gouvernement. Il se tourna donc vers une carrière militaire.

Il se distingua dans l'armée néerlandaise et participa à la Guerre de la Grande Alliance et la Guerre de Succession d'Espagne.

En 1675, il fut colonel d'un des régiments néerlando-écossais. Il devint major général en 1683, lieutenant-général en 1692 et général en 1704. En 1689, il commanda des troupes à la Bataille de Walcourt. En 1703, il vint au secours d'une situation désespérée à la Bataille d'Ekeren.

Les relations de de Slangenburg avec John Churchill (1er duc de Marlborough) n'étaient pas bonnes, ce qui conduisit en 1705 au remplacement à son poste par Henri de Nassau-Ouwerkerk, qui avait de meilleures relations personnelles avec le duc de Marlborough.

Famille et vie privée
Il était le fils de Herman van Baer van Slangenburg (1610–1653) et de Catharina van Voorst (1620–1678). En 1665, il épousa Dorothea Petronella van Steenbergen, qui mourut la même année. Frederik ne se remaria pas.

Van Baer reconstruisit sa maison ancestrale, le "Slangenburg", près de Doetinchem et en fit un château de grande taille, convenant mieux à son statut. Sa femme est représentée dans de nombreux tableaux peints par Gerard Hoet.

Liens externes
 Château de Slangenburg aujourd'hui

Naissance en juillet 1645
Décès en décembre 1713
Militaire néerlandais de la guerre de la Ligue d'Augsbourg
Militaire néerlandais de la guerre de Succession d'Espagne
Décès à 68 ans

Frederik Johan van Baer


Germán Blanco fue presidente de Huracán durante un periodo de dos años entre 1913 y 1915.
Los logros más destacados en los años de esta dirigencia, fueron el ascenso a la máxima categoría del fútbol argentino la "primera división" y el alquiler del predio que ocupaba el campo de juego en las calles Chiclana 4186 y La Plata. Al término de su mandato fue sucedido por Lorenzo Colonello.

Presidencia

Referencias

Presidentes del Club Atlético Huracán
Dirigentes de fútbol de Argentina

Germán Blanco


Teofilo Rossi di Montelera (Chieri,  - Turin, ) est un homme politique et un homme d'affaires italien. Il est ministre de l'industrie et du commerce, Sénateur du royaume et maire de Turin. Pendant son union, par décret royal du 27 avril 1911, il est nommé comte de Montelera par Vittorio Emanuele III à l'occasion de l'inauguration de l'Exposition internationale de Turin, lors du cinquantième anniversaire de l'unification de l'Italie.

Biographie
Fils de Luigi Rossi et de Marianna Barberis, il est associé à la société de vins et de vermouths Martini & Rossi, fondée en 1847. Après avoir obtenu son diplôme de droit à l'université de Turin en 1886, il se consacre à l'administration de l'entreprise et de la fortune familiale.

Élu député du Royaume en 1897 lors de la XX législature, il est reconduit pour trois autres. En avril 1909, il devient sous-secrétaire des Postes dans le troisième gouvernement Giolitti. Toujours en 1909, il est nommé sénateur du Royaume et, la même année, devient maire (Sindaco) de Turin, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'en 1917.

Il est membre de la franc-maçonnerie.

Il devient ministre de l'Industrie et du Commerce dans le premier et deuxieme gouvernement Facta, après la Marche sur Rome, il se range du côté des fascistes et occupe ce poste également avec le gouvernement Mussolini jusqu'au 5 juillet 1923, date à laquelle son département est supprimé et intégré au ministère de l'Économie nationale.

Pionnier et ardent défenseur de l'automobile, il est élu à la présidence du RACI le 19 mai 1921, occupant la fonction effective jusqu'au 31 décembre 1925 et une fonction honorifique jusqu'à sa mort.

Il est surnommé "Aria ai monti", du nom d'un sketch populaire du Turin du début du XX siècle, incarné par un vieux vagabond amateur de décorations et d'uniformes voyants. Antonio Gramsci en a donné un portrait dans Avanti! en 1917, à l'occasion de la fin de son mandat de maire de Turin, le qualifiant de concentré des "caractéristiques négatives de toute une époque de crise et de corruption".

Décorations honorifiques

Décorations italiennes
 - Chevalier de Grand-croix décoré du Grand Cordon de l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare

 - Chevalier de Grand-croix décoré du Grand Cordon de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Italie

Décorations étrangères
 - Chevalier de Grand-croix de l'Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (France)

 - Bailli de Grand-croix d'honneur et de dévotion de l'Ordre Souverain Militaire de Malte

Œuvres
  Teofilo Rossi di Montelera, Per una futura storia di Torino, 1913.
  Teofilo Rossi di Montelera, Storia di Torino, 1914.
  Carlo Pio De Magistris, Teofilo Rossi di Montelera, Società Tipografica Monregalese, Rivoluzione piemontese del 1821. 1, 1927.
  Carlo Pio De Magistris, Teofilo Rossi di Montelera, Società Tipografica Monregalese, Rivoluzione piemontese del 1821. 2, 1927.

Références

Liens externes

  Róssi di Montelera, Teofilo, conte, sur le site Treccani.it – Encyclopédies en ligne, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  Róssi di Montelèra, Teòfilo, sur le site sapere.it, De Agostini
  Adriana Castagnoli, ROSSI DI MONTELERA, Carlo Teofilo, dans le Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 88, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2017.
  Oeuvres de Teofilo Rossi, sur le site openMLOL, Horizons Unlimited srl.
  Teofilo Rossi Di Montelera, sur le site storia.camera.it, Camera dei deputati.
  Teofilo Rossi, sur le site Senatori d'Italia, Senato della Repubblica.
  Buste de Teofilo Rossi dans les Jardins royaux de Turin, sur le site comune.torino.it.

Naissance en octobre 1865
Naissance à Chieri
Décès en décembre 1927
Décès à Turin
Décès à 62 ans
Personnalité politique italienne du XIXe siècle
Personnalité politique italienne du XXe siècle
Ministre de l'Agriculture, de l'Industrie et du Commerce du royaume d'Italie (1861-1946)
Sénateur de la XXe législature du royaume d'Italie
Député de la XXIe législature du royaume d'Italie
Député de la XXIIe législature du royaume d'Italie
Député de la XXIIIe législature du royaume d'Italie
Fasciste italien
Grand-croix de l'ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare
Grand-croix de l'ordre de la Couronne d'Italie
Grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur
Chevalier de l'ordre souverain de Malte

Teofilo Rossi


L', aussi appelé mémorandum Taft-Katsura, est une discussion ayant eu lieu le  entre les hauts dirigeants de l'empire du Japon et des États-Unis au sujet de la position des deux nations en Asie de l'Est, en particulier concernant le statut de la Corée et des Philippines au lendemain de la victoire du Japon dans la guerre russo-japonaise. Le mémorandum n'est pas classé secret, mais aucun intellectuel ne le remarque dans les archives avant 1924.

Les discussions ont lieu entre William Howard Taft, secrétaire à la Guerre des États-Unis, et le comte Katsura Tarō, Premier ministre du Japon, le . Katsura expose les raisons pour lesquelles le Japon a mis en place un protectorat en Corée et répète que le Japon n'a aucune visée sur les Philippines, que les États-Unis avaient acquis après la victoire sur l'Espagne lors de la guerre hispano-américaine de 1898.

En 1924,  est le premier chercheur à remarquer le document et le décrit comme contenant le « texte de l'accord exécutif peut-être le plus remarquable de l'histoire des relations extérieures des États-Unis ». Le consensus des historiens est que Dennett a grandement exagéré l'importance d'une simple discussion qui n'a rien changé et n'a défini aucune nouvelle politique. Les historiens soulignent qu'il n'y a eu aucun nouvel accord formel sur quoi que ce soit. Le mot « accord » présents dans les documents signifie simplement que les deux parties sont d'accord sur le fait que les versions anglaise et japonaise des notes de la réunion couvrent avec précision la substance des conversations. Le président Theodore Roosevelt convient plus tard que Taft avait correctement énoncé la position américaine.

Lorsque Dennett découvre les notes pour la première fois, il suppose qu'elles indiquent un « pacte secret » très important entre les États-Unis et le Japon en créant la base d'un accord par lequel les deux nations autrefois isolationnistes deviennent des puissances mondiales. Les conversations portent sur l'étendue des sphères d'influence du Japon et des États-Unis et le maintien de la paix entre eux en cas de victoire du Japon sur la Russie dans la guerre russo-japonaise.

Détails
L'accord Taft-Katsura comprend les versions anglaise et japonaise des notes de réunion de la conversation entre le Premier ministre japonais Katsura et le secrétaire américain à la guerre Taft tenue à Tokyo le matin du . Le mémorandum détaillant ces discussions étant daté du .

Trois questions importantes sont discutées lors de la réunion :
 Les vues de Katsura sur la paix en Asie de l'Est constituent, selon lui, le principe fondamental de la politique étrangère du Japon et seraient mieux accomplies par une bonne entente entre le Japon, les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne.
 Concernant les Philippines, Taft fait l'observation qu'il est dans l'intérêt du Japon que les Philippines soient gouvernées par une nation forte et amicale comme les États-Unis. Katsura affirme que le Japon n'a pas de desseins agressifs sur les Philippines.
 En ce qui concerne la Corée, Katsura émet l'observation que la colonisation japonaise de la Corée est une question d'une importance absolue, car il considère que la Corée a été une cause directe de la guerre russo-japonaise récemment terminée. Il déclare qu'une solution globale du problème coréen serait l'issue logique de la guerre et que si elle était laissée seule, la Corée continuerait à adhérer à des accords et traités imprévoyants avec d'autres puissances, ce qui, selon lui, avait créé le problème initial. Par conséquent, il affirme que le Japon doit prendre des mesures pour empêcher la Corée de créer à nouveau des conditions qui obligeraient son pays à mener une autre guerre à l'étranger.

Taft convient que l'établissement d'un protectorat japonais sur la Corée contribuerait directement à la stabilité en Asie de l'Est et exprime également sa conviction que le président américain Theodore Roosevelt serait d'accord avec ses vues à cet égard.

Il y a trois domaines de fond de compréhension dans la conversation. Premièrement, Taft déclare à Katsura que certains partisans de la Russie en Amérique affirment publiquement que la récente guerre est le prélude à une certaine agression du Japon contre les Philippines. Taft continue en disant que le seul intérêt du Japon pour les Philippines serait de faire gouverner ces îles par une nation forte et amicale comme les États-Unis. Le comte Katsura confirme fermement que c'est le seul intérêt du Japon pour les Philippines et, puisque c'est déjà le cas, que le Japon n'a aucun intérêt agressif envers les Philippines. Deuxièmement, le comte Katsura déclare que la politique du Japon en Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est est de maintenir la paix générale, qui doit être obtenue par une bonne entente entre le Japon, les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne.

Troisièmement, le comte Katsura déclare que parce que l'autonomie coréenne avait conduit la Corée à conclure imprudemment des accords et des traités avec d'autres puissances, cela avait été la cause de complications internationales menant à la guerre entre le Japon et la Russie. Le Japon s'est donc senti contraint d'exclure toute possibilité d'autonomie coréenne. Taft déclare que l'établissement d'une suzeraineté du Japon sur la Corée, les troupes militaires japonaises imposant à la Corée l'obligation de ne conclure aucun traité étranger sans le consentement du Japon, est un résultat logique de la guerre et contribuerait à la paix permanente en Orient. Taft déclare également que ses opinions sont les siennes mais qu'il croit que Roosevelt serait d'accord.

Bien qu'il n'y ait jamais eu d'accord signé ou de traité secret, seulement le mémorandum d'une conversation, et les conversations ayant été gardées secrètes pendant 20 ans, Roosevelt fait ce commentaire à Taft : « Votre conversation avec le comte Katsura est absolument correcte à tous égards. Je souhaite que vous disiez à Katsura que je confirme chaque mot que vous avez dit ».

Cependant, il y a une controverse parmi les historiens quant à la signification historique de la conversation et quant à savoir si la langue de la conversation constituait un accord réel dans la Realpolitik (un accord réel est impliqué par l'utilisation du langage de la diplomatie bien qu'il n'ait pas été rendu explicite sous forme d'accord formel).

Les notes de la conversation sont redécouvertes en 1924 par l'historien , qui les considère comme étant d'une importance de premier ordre et demande l'autorisation de les publier au secrétaire d'État des États-Unis Charles Evans Hughes. Dennett qualifie les notes de « Pacte secret du président Roosevelt avec le Japon ».

Contexte
Les Japonais viennent de détruire les deux tiers de la marine impériale russe lors de leur guerre contre la Corée en 1905. La victoire du Japon est clairement imminente. Roosevelt tente d'amener la Russie et le Japon à des négociations de paix.

Les États-Unis ont obtenu le contrôle des Philippines après leur guerre contre l'Espagne en 1898. Le secrétaire à la guerre Taft s'arrête au Japon alors qu'il fait route pour les Philippines.

Interprétation coréenne
Les historiens coréens (tels que Lee Ki-baik, auteur de Une Nouvelle histoire de la Corée) pensent que l'accord Taft-Katsura viole le traité d'amitié et de commerce américano-coréen signé à Incheon le  parce que le gouvernement Joseon considère que ce traité constitue de facto un traité de défense mutuelle, contrairement aux Américains. Le problème est l'article 1 : « Il y aura une paix et une amitié perpétuelles entre le président des États-Unis et le roi de Chosen, et les citoyens et les sujets de leurs gouvernements respectifs. Si d'autres puissances traitent injustement ou de manière oppressive l'un ou l'autre gouvernement, l'autre exercera ses bons offices après avoir été informé de l'affaire pour aboutir à un arrangement à l'amiable, manifestant ainsi leurs sentiments amicaux ».

L'accord est cité en Corée par certains comme un exemple qu'on ne peut pas faire confiance aux États-Unis en ce qui concerne les questions de sécurité et de souveraineté coréennes.

Voir aussi
 Accord Root-Takahira
 Relations entre les États-Unis et le Japon
 Traité d'Eulsa de 1905
 Affaire de l'émissaire secret de La Haye

Notes et références

Bibliographie

 Kim, Seung-Young. American diplomacy and strategy toward Korea and Northeast Asia, 1882-1950 and after: perception of polarity and US commitment to a periphery (Springer, 2009).
 Larsen, Kirk W., and Joseph Seeley. "Simple conversation or secret treaty? The Taft-Katsura Memorandum in korean historical memory." Journal of Korean Studies (2014): 59-92. online
 Minger, Ralph Eldin. "Taft's Missions to Japan: A Study in Personal Diplomacy." Pacific Historical Review (1961) 30#3: 279-294.  online

1905 au Japon
1905 aux États-Unis
Relations entre la Corée et le Japon
Empire coréen
Relations entre les États-Unis et les Philippines
Relations entre les États-Unis et le Japon

Accord Taft–Katsura


Illumination Entertainment je američki filmski studio za računalnu animaciju sa sjedištem u Chris Meledandri, Kalifornija.

Filmografija
Svi filmovi su sinkronizirani na hrvatskom

Kako je Gru ukrao mjesec (2010.)
Hop (2011.)
Lorax: Zaštitnik šume (2012.)
Gru na super tajnom zadatku (2013.)
Malci (2015.)
Tajni život ljubimaca (2016.)
Pjevajte s nama (2016.)
Kako je Gru postao dobar (2017.)
Grinch (2018.)
Tajni život ljubimaca 2 (2019.)
Pjevajte s nama 2 (2021.)
Malci 2: Kako je Gru postao Gru (2022.)
Super Mario Bros. Film (2023.)
Migration (2023.)
Despicable Me 4 (2024.)

Vidi još
Blue Sky Studios
Walt Disney Animation Studios
Pixar
DreamWorks Animation
Vanguard Animation
Sony Pictures Animation

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica

Animacijski studiji

Illumination Entertainment


Demetriu Cânța (n. Tăuții de Sus Maramureș – d. 16 august 1942) a fost delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918.

Date biografice
A făcut pare din delegația celor 300 de români, care au dus Memorandul la Viena în mai 1892. Demetriu Cânța a activat în cadrul Partidului Național Român, colaborând cu Ioan Rațiu,Vasile Lucaciu și alți fruntași ai luptei naționale a românilor. Pentru meritele sale naționale a fost desemnat ca unul dintre delegații oficiali ai cercului electoral Baia Mare.

Note

Bibliografie
Ioan I. Șerban (coord.), Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
  1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în -
Decese în 1942
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Agricultori
Maramureșeni

Demetriu Cânța


An Triodia irritans in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Brown. An Triodia irritans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Triodia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Triodia (Poaceae)

Triodia irritans


St. George's Cathedral or Cathedral of St. George may refer to:

Australia
St George's Cathedral, Perth (Anglican)

Austria
St. George's Cathedral, Wiener Neustadt

Canada
 St. George's Cathedral (Kingston, Ontario), Anglican
 Cathedral of St. George (Saskatoon), Ukrainian Catholic

Ethiopia
 St. George's Cathedral, Addis Ababa, built in 1896

Georgia (country)
 Cathedral of Saint George, Tbilisi (Armenian Apostolic)

Germany
 Limburg Cathedral (Catholic), also known as Georgsdom or Limburger Dom in German after its dedication to Saint George

Guyana
 St. George's Cathedral, Georgetown, one of the world's tallest freestanding wooden structures

India

 St. George's Cathedral, Chennai (formerly Madras)

Israel and Palestine
 St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem

Italy
 St George's Cathedral, Ferrara
 St George's Cathedral, Caccamo

Kosovo
Cathedral of Saint George, Prizren

Lebanon
Maronite Cathedral of Saint George, Beirut
Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Beirut

Romania
St. George Cathedral, Timișoara

Russia
Saint George Cathedral, Yuryev-Polsky

Serbia
St. George's Cathedral, Novi Sad

Sierra Leone
 St. George's Cathedral, Freetown

South Africa
 St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town

Syria
 Cathedral of Saint George, Damascus

Turkey
St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul (Greek Orthodox)

Ukraine
 St. George's Cathedral, Lviv

United Kingdom
 St George's Cathedral, Southwark, London (Catholic)
 St George's Cathedral, London, in Camden Town (Antiochian Orthodox)

United States
 Cathedral of St. George Historic District, in Boston, Massachusetts, listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
 St. George Cathedral (Canton, Ohio) (Romanian Greek Catholic)

See also
 Saint George (disambiguation)
 Cathedral of St Michael and St George (disambiguation)

St. George's Cathedral


Taziki ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Tazaki Jun (richtiger Name Minoru Tanaka; 1913–1985), japanischer Schauspieler
 Tazaki Sōun (1815–1898), japanischer Maler
sowie
 Tasaki Hirosuke (1898–1984), japanischer Maler

Weiteres:
 zum Roman von Haruki Murakami siehe Die Pilgerjahre des farblosen Herrn Tazaki

Tazaki


Olaylar
 Vandallar, Roma'yı talan etti.

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 III. Valentinianus, Batı Roma İmparatoru (d. 419)
 Petronius Maximus, Batı Roma İmparatoru (d. 396)

455


Mladen Bjažić () a fost un scriitor croat, poet, jurnalist și editor de programe pentru copii la radio-televiziunea croată, câștigător al premiului Andrew Maurović  pentru cele mai bune benzi desenate croate.

Împreună cu Zvonimir Furtinger a publicat în 1959 romanul științifico-fantastic Cuceritorul 2 nu răspunde (Osvajač 2 se ne javlja). Cei doi au publicat în continuare Mireasa spațială (Svemirska nevjesta, 1960), Varamunga – orașul misterios (Varamunga - tajanstveni grad, 1960), Ciudata mașină a profesorului Kružić (Zagonetni stroj profesora Kružića, 1960), Reîntoarcere mortală (Mrtvi se vraćaju) în 1965  și Nimic fără Božena (Ništa bez Božene, 1973).

Note

Vezi și
 Științifico-fantasticul în Croația
 Listă de scriitori croați

Nașteri în 1924
Decese în 2017
Scriitori croați
Scriitori de literatură științifico-fantastică

Mladen Bjažić


غاي هاتشي  (مواليد 18 مارس 1934 - 7 يوليو 2017) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي معتزل . ساهم في تتويج نادي سيدان ببطولة كأس فرنسا موسم 1960-1961 ثم ساهم في احتلال نادي ليون المركز الثاني لنفس البطولة في موسم 1962-1963 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو أولمبيك مارسيليا
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو سيدان
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو نادي ليموج
لاعبو نيم
مواليد 1934
مواليد في باس-تير

غاي هاتشي


El birro común (en Argentina y Chile) (Hirundinea ferruginea), también denominado birro castaño (en Argentina y Paraguay), atrapamoscas risquero (en Colombia), atrapamoscas de precipicios (en Venezuela), viudita colorada (en Uruguay), tirano de riscos (en Perú y Ecuador) o birro roquero, es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae que vive en Sudamérica. Es la única especie del género Hirundinea. Algunos autores sostienen que se divide en dos especies.

Distribución y hábitat

El birro común se encuentra solo al este de los Andes en una distribución disjunta hasta la costa atlántica. Totalmente ausente de la Amazonia, reaparece en la región serrana del Escudo de las Guayanas. Está presente en Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Venezuela, la Guayana francesa, Guyana, Surinam, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Bolivia y Uruguay. Existe apenas un registro en Chile, en Temuco, en 1992.

Esta especie es considerada localmente bastante común en sus hábitats naturales: los peñascos, zonas rocosas, tepuyes, barrancas de rutas y, más hacia el sur, en edificaciones. Es más numerosa en dirección al sur, principalmente entre el nivel del mar y los 2000 m de altitud, aunque localmente puede llegar hasta los 3500 m. en el noroeste argentino.

Descripción
Mide entre 15,5 y 18,5 cm de longitud y pesa entre 28,8 y 40 g. Las aves al sur de Brasil y Bolivia son pardas por arriba, con rabadilla y base de la cola rufo canela visibles; las alas son morenas con la mayor parte de las plumas de vuelo rufas (obvias inclusive en descanso). Por abajo mayormente rufo canela; las aves andinas son más oscuras, más negruzcas por arriba con veteado grisáceo y blanquecino en la face y corona, rabadilla y parte superior de la cola oscuras, la cola principalmente canela por abajo. Las aves de los tepuyes son parecidas con las andinas pero con el veteado gris solo en la face y la cola toda oscura.

Comportamiento
Es encontrado a los pares o en pequeños grupos familiares, usualmente encaramados en peñascos o edificaciones (sin embargo, migrantes australes pueden ocurrir en situaciones atípicas). A veces parecen no importarse con el ruido del tráfico o la presencia de personas. No son notorios hasta que vuelan cuando el rufo de las alas aparece y se destaca, el vuelo es rápido y acrobático.

Alimentación
Desde su percha, arremete en vuelo y caza principalmente insectos alados, volviendo en seguida a la misma percha.

Reproducción
Construye su nido entre los cantos de rocas o en los bordes de las ventanas y otros lugares al abrigo de la lluvia y el viento. El nido es abierto en forma de cuenco y está rodeado de pequeñas piedras y fragmentos de palos y forrado con fibras vegetales blandas. La hembra pone dos o tres huevos blancos con manchas ferruginosas.

Vocalización

A menudo mantiene un parloteo de distinguidas notas estridentes, incluyendo un «juiiiyp!» y un «juii, di-di-ii-ii-ii» o «juiuu-d'd'd'd'r!». También un continuado «jua-diíp, jua diíp».

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie H. ferruginea fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista alemán Johann Friedrich Gmelin en 1788 bajo el nombre científico Todus ferrugineus; la localidad tipo es «Cayena, Guayana Francesa».

El género Hirundinea fue descrito por los naturalistas franceses Alcide d'Orbigny y Frédéric de Lafresnaye en 1837, la especie tipo definida fue Tyrannus bellicosus , 1819, actualmente la subespecie Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa.

Etimología
El nombre genérico femenino «Hirundinea» deriva del latín «hirundineus» que significa 'relativo a las golondrinas'; y el nombre de la especie «ferruginea», proviene del latín «ferrugineus» que significa 'de color de herrumbre', 'ferruginoso'.

Taxonomía
Los amplios estudios genético-moleculares realizados por Tello et al. (2009) descubrieron una cantidad de relaciones novedosas dentro de la familia Tyrannidae que todavía no están reflejadas en la mayoría de las clasificaciones. Siguiendo estos estudios, Ohlson et al. (2013) propusieron dividir Tyrannidae en cinco familias. Según el ordenamiento propuesto, Hirundinea permanece en Tyrannidae, en una subfamilia Hirundineinae , 2009 junto a Myiotriccus, Nephelomyias y Pyrrhomyias.

El grupo de subespecies H. ferruginea bellicosa, incluyendo pallidior, ya fue tratado en el pasado como una especie separada de la presente, y así es considerado por Aves del Mundo (HBW) y Birdlife International (BLI): el birro belicoso (Hirundinea bellicosa), con base en diferencias morfológicas como el plumaje, desde la rabadilla hasta la cola de color rufo y no negruzco, el moteado blanco ausente o reducido de las mejillas, región malar, mentón y de la difusa lista superciliar, bordes rufos de las cobertoras, secundarias y terciarias, y alas más cortas; y de vocalización, el canto más rico, decididamente de timbre más bajo, con una nota de partida más larga y que alcanza ritmo más rápido. Sin embargo, esta separación no es seguida por otras clasificaciones, como el Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC) y Clements Checklist/eBird.

Subespecies

Según las clasificaciones del IOC y Clements Checklist/eBird, se reconocen cuatro subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:

 Grupo politípico ferruginea/sclateri:
 Hirundinea ferruginea sclateri  (, 1870) - Santa Marta en el norte de Colombia, Serranía del Perijá, Andes del oeste de Venezuela y hacia el sur por la pendiente oriental de los Andes orientales desde Colombia hasta el sureste de Perú (al sur hasta Cuzco).
 Hirundinea ferruginea ferruginea  (, 1788) - disjuntamente en el este de Colombia (Guainía, Guaviare, Vaupés), noroeste de Brasil (noroeste de Amazonas, Roraima), sureste de Venezuela (Amazonas, sur de Bolívar), suroeste de Guyana, Surinam y Guayana francesa.

 Grupo politípico bellicosa/pallidior:

 Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa  (, 1819) - sur y este de Brasil, este de Bolivia (este de Santa Cruz), este de Paraguay, noreste de Argentina (Misiones) y Uruguay.
 Hirundinea ferruginea pallidior  (, 1917) - noroeste de Bolivia, hacia el sur hasta el oeste de Paraguay y noroeste de Argentina (al sur hasta Mendoza y San Luis).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Hirundinea ferruginea en eBird.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Hirundinea ferruginea en xeno-canto.
 Fotos y sonidos de gibão-de-couro Hirundinea ferruginea en Wikiaves.
 Galería de fotos de Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea en VIREO.

ferruginea
Aves de América del Sur
Géneros monotípicos de aves
Animales descritos en 1788
Taxones descritos por Johann Friedrich Gmelin

Hirundinea ferruginea


Momčilo "Momo" Ćurković, hrvatski vaterpolski trener. Bio je jedan od najboljih trenera u Hrvatskoj i bivšoj Jugoslaviji. Trenirao je zlatne generacije POŠK-a 1980-ih koja je osvajala europske trofeje, Mornara i druge klubove. Podrijetlom iz Dicma.

Od rujna 2017. održava se veteranski Memorijalni vaterpolo turnir Momčilo Ćurković , a pokrenuo ga je VVK Magla iz Splita, veteranski vaterpolski klub sastavljen od bivših igrača Poška. Prvi je odigran na Zenti.

Izvori

Životopisi, Split
Šport u Splitu
Hrvatski vaterpolski treneri

Momčilo Ćurković


A Paris-Roubaix de 2011 foi a 109.ª edição desta clássica de ciclismo. Disputou-se no domingo 10 de abril de 2010, entre Compiègne e o velódromo André Pétrieux de Roubaix, sobre 258 km nos que passarão 27 setores (repartidos num total de 51,5 km) de pavé.

A prova pertenceu ao UCI WorldTour de 2011.

Participaram na corrida 25 equipas; os 18 de categoria UCI ProTour (ao ser obrigada a sua participação); mais 7 de categoria Profissional Continental (o Bretagne-Schuller, Cofidis, le Crédit en Ligne, FDJ, Saur-Sojasun, Skil-Shimano, Team Europcar e Team NetApp). Formando assim um pelotão de 197 ciclistas (cerca do limite de 200 estabelecido para corridas profissionais), com 8 corredores cada equipa (exceto o Liquigas-Cannondale, Lampre-ISD e Pro Team Astana que saíram com 7), dos que acabaram 108.

O vencedor final foi Johan Vansummeren que deu a surpresa aproveitando da vigilância para o grande favorito, Fabian Cancellara (finalmente segundo). Terceiro foi Maarten Tjallingii que fazia parte de um grupo perseguidor no que ia Johan e foi caçado por Cancellara nos últimos quilómetros.

Classificação final

Referências

Ligações externas

 Sitio site oficial da Paris Roubaix

UCI WorldTour de 2011
2011
Desporto na França em 2011

Paris-Roubaix de 2011


Pirzada ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Abdul Hafiz Pirzada (1935–2015), pakistanischer Jurist und Politiker
 Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (1923–2017), pakistanischer Beamter und Politiker

Pirzada


Bankstown is a suburb south west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 19 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is located in the local government area of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown, having previously been the administrative centre of the City of Bankstown prior to 2016. It is the most populous suburb within the City of Canterbury-Bankstown.

History

Settlement and early history
Before European settlement, Cumberland Plains woodland occupied much of the area. Turpentine ironbark forest covered much of what is now Bankstown. The land was occupied by the Bediagal people. Their land bordered the Dharawal and the Darung people.

In 1795, Matthew Flinders and George Bass explored up the Georges River for about  beyond what had been previously surveyed, and reported favourably to Governor Hunter of the land on its banks. Hunter examined the country himself, and established one of the pioneer colonies there, called Bank's Town, today written as one word: Bankstown. Hunter named the area Bankstown after Sir Joseph Banks, who travelled to Australia with Captain James Cook in 1770. The area of first European settlement along the river has been partially preserved as part of the Mirambeena Regional Park.

In 1826, bushrangers were hanged on the site of the water tower Bankstown Reservoir.

The first town hall and Council Chambers were opened on 22 Oct 1898 by Mayor Ines Peter Miller  on the northern side of the Hume Highway (Liverpool Road), near Rookwood Road (site of the Three Swallows Hotel). In June 1918, the council chambers were relocated to a new building in South Terrace (subsequently Old Town Centre Plaza and, since sometime before 2022, Bankstown City Plaza). The building still stands and now has a shopping arcade running through it. Foundation stones from the old Town Halls have been preserved in a display outside the current Council Chambers.

World War II

In 1939, local residents were made privy to the events of World War II. Conscripted residents were required to report for duty at a drill hall on Canterbury Road, Belmore. Camps were set up in and around Canterbury Racecourse and local parks in the district. Residents with foreign names were sent to internment camps as there was growing suspicion about residents with foreign names. A portion of these folk were Australian citizens who served with the Australian Defence Force during World War I.

During World War II, Bankstown Airport was established as a key strategic air base to support the war effort. After the arrival of Douglas MacArthur in Australia, control of Bankstown Airport was handed to US Forces, becoming home to US 35th Fighter Squadron and the 41st Pursuit Squadron of the United States Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces who occupied the airport from 1942 to 1944. In 1945 operations became the responsibility of the British Fleet Air Arm, known as HMS Nabberley, until 1946, when it was handed back to the RAAF.

During this period an RAAF unit known as No. 1 Fighter Sector RAAF took control of the Capital Hall in Bankstown. This unit was formed in Bankstown, on 25 February 1942. Their living quarters were located next door and down the road from the hall and the staff were housed in galvanised iron barracks. Operations were handed over to the United States Army Air Corps on 10 April 1942 before they were transferred to a disused railway tunnel at St James railway station in Sydney. The unit was renamed Air Defence Headquarters Sydney (ADHQ) on 21 January 1945 and moved into a three-storey semi-underground purpose built operations and plotting facility at Bankstown, known as the Bankstown Bunker.

World War II began Bankstown's industrial revolution. Few factories or industry of any consequence were located in Bankstown prior to 1945; this was changed dramatically between 1942 and 1954, especially when the Department of Aircraft Production gave approval for aircraft manufacturer Hawker De Havilland to operate a factory at the airport for the production and manufacture of de Havilland Mosquito bombers. There are now over seven-thousand businesses operating within the Bankstown district.

Bankstown Bunker

The Bankstown Bunker is a disused RAAF operations facility, located on the corner of Marion and Edgar Street, Bankstown.  The specially constructed bunker became an important Royal Australian Air Force headquarters from 1945 until its closure in 1947.

The Bankstown Bunker is of similar design to the underground Ops rooms of wartime England, which directed Britain's air defence fighter plane attacks on the invading German Luftwaffe. Entrance to the bunker was obtained through a concrete passageway which was well screened by a grassy slope; a stairway led to a maze of corridors and hallways leading to various sections.

The Bankstown bunker is currently buried under a public park, surrounded by residential dwellings at the northern end of Taylor Street.

Post World War II
After World War II, Bankstown's population increased dramatically. People relocated from the inner-city and incoming migrants came, first as refugees from Europe and towards the end of the 20th century from Asia and the Middle East (especially Vietnamese and Lebanese) and the rest of the world.

Bankstown Council relocated to its third premises in 1963 when the Civic Centre that was located at the corner of Chapel Road and The Mall was constructed. It included the Council Chambers, or 'Roundhouse'. The current town hall was built in 1973. The administration building which was part of the 1963 premises, was destroyed by fire on 1 July 1997. Council offices relocated to Bankstown Civic Tower (the blue tower) in 1999. On 13 June 2000, Bankstown's now popular Central Park, where the former administration building once stood, was officially declared Paul Keating Park.

Heritage
Bankstown has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Beresford Avenue: Bankstown Reservoir

Climate
Bankstown has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa). Like most of Western Sydney, it has warm to hot summers and mild winters. The average summer temperature range is from 17.6 °C (63.7 °F) to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F), although hot north-westerly winds can cause temperatures to rise up to 40 °C (104 °F). On average, Bankstown has 8.8 days per year where the temperature rises above 35 °C (95 °F), as opposed to only 3.0 days for Sydney Observatory Hill. The average winter temperature range is from 5.9 °C (42.6 °F) to 18.0 °C (64.4 °F). On an average of one night a year, the minimum temperature falls below freezing (0 °C).

The highest temperature recorded at Bankstown was 46.1 °C (115.0 °F) on 18 January 2013, and the lowest temperature recorded was -4.0 °C (24.8 °F) on 26 July 1968. Bankstown's annual mean rainfall is 869.0mm, slightly less than the Sydney CBD, which is affected more by coastal showers which do not penetrate very far inland.

Commercial area
Bankstown's central business district is clustered around Bankstown railway station. The commercial area beside the railway station is known as Bankstown Plaza, while the ethnic diversity of the area has resulted in a host of restaurants, eateries and cafes.

Bankstown Central, formerly known as Centro Bankstown and previously known as Bankstown Square, is a large shopping centre, immediately to the northeast of the railway station. It was first opened in 1966 and has been expanded a number of times.

Bankstown is the seat of major industry including the aviation, engineering and maintenance at Bankstown Airport. Other employers include small industrial operations, the public service and the retail industry. The suburb is affected with unusually high unemployment and is subject to a dedicated income management program specifically targeting the problem.

Transport

Bankstown railway station is on the Bankstown line of the Sydney Trains network. The rail line was built to Belmore in 1895 and then extended to Bankstown in 1909. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1928, the line was extended westwards from Bankstown to join the Main Suburban railway at Lidcombe and the Main South line to Liverpool. Bankstown is a major bus interchange for a number of bus services.

The Sydney Metropolitan Airport, more commonly known as Bankstown Airport, was established in 1940 and is constructed on 313 hectares. It has three runways, an extensive taxiway and includes a large business park containing over 170 businesses.

Parks
Major parks within Bankstown include McLeod Reserve, Bankstown Oval, Paul Keating Park and Bankstown City Gardens.

'Bankstown City Gardens' were opened to the public in 1973. These gardens consist of many unusual types of flora found in Bankstown and the surrounding area. The park consist of different areas, native, tropical, rose garden and Perennial.

'Paul Keating Park' was built on the site of Bankstown Council's former administration building, after it was destroyed by fire on 1 July 1997.

Education

Primary and secondary education
In 1862, the Church of England School was first opened and was commissioned as a public school in 1867.  Bankstown's first public school was built where McLeod Reserve is currently situated in 1880. In 1882 49 boys and 36 girls were enrolled, and upkeep expenses totalled 219 pounds, eight shillings and 11 pence. The school's first headmaster was Dugald McLeod who taught at the school since its opening until 1912. The site of the well used by Bankstown Public School is today commemorated by a plaque. The school was demolished in 1924 due to the development of North Bankstown School in the same year. The current Bankstown Public School, located on Restwell Street, opened in 1915. It recently celebrated its centenary (1915-2015). Bankstown West Public School, located on the western side of the suburb, opened in 1931. Since then Bankstown has seen the development of several different educational facilities, such as, Al Amanah College, Bankstown Senior College (formerly Bankstown Boys High School 1963–1991), Bankstown Girls High School, Georges River Grammar School, LaSalle Catholic College and St Euphemia College.

Tertiary education
Tertiary institutions located in the suburb include TAFE NSW Bankstown and the Western Sydney University Bankstown City campus.

Sports
Bankstown is represented in the National Rugby League by the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs. Bankstown District Cricket Club, which plays its home games at the Bankstown Oval, represents the suburb in the NSW Premier Cricket competition. Bankstown Bruins, which plays its home games at the Bankstown Basketball Stadium, represents the suburb in the NBL1 East. Bankstown City Lions FC and Canterbury Bankstown FC represents the suburb in the NSW League One competition.

Community facilities

Library
The Bankstown Central Library has served Bankstown on its present site in The Mall since 1954. Eight years earlier in 1946, Bankstown became the first municipality to adopt the Library Act of 1939 by opening a Children's Library, located at Restwell Street. The Bankstown Central Library was demolished in 1981 to make way for a different facility which opened in 1983.

Bankstown's current library, the Bankstown Library and Knowledge Centre was opened in April 2014. The library was designed by FJMT and is located next to the Western Sydney University Bankstown Campus.

Places of worship
Truc Lam and Huyen Quang Temple, Vietnamese Buddhist temples, are located in the suburb.

St Felix de Valois Parish, St Brendan Catholic Church, Bankstown District Uniting Church and St Euphemia Greek Orthodox Church are located in the suburb.

Demographics

In the , Bankstown recorded a population of 34,933 people, of which 50.4% were female and 49.6% were male. The median age of the Bankstown population was 34 years, 4 years below the national median of 38.

Bankstown has one of the most ethnically diverse communities in Australia. Bankstown is considered one of the most multicultural areas in the country with over 60 different languages spoken by the people of this suburb. 36.1% of people living in Bankstown were born in Australia. The next top responses for country of birth were 15.6% Vietnam, 6.0% Lebanon, 4.8% China (excludes Taiwan and SARs), 3.2% Pakistan and 3.1% Bangladesh. The most common ancestries in Bankstown were 18.7% Vietnamese, 11.9% Lebanese, 10.8% Chinese, 8.6% Australian and 6.2% English. 18.0% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 20.3% Vietnamese, 19.3% Arabic, 5.1% Urdu, 4.7% Mandarin and 3.7% Bengali.

The most common responses for religion were 31.1% Islam, 30.8% Christianity (with 16.3% Roman Catholicism), 15.5% No Religion, 11.0% Buddhism and 9.3% not stated.

The median weekly household income in Bankstown was $1,331, and the median weekly family income was $1,436.

Notable people
The following people are residents or former residents of Bankstown:

 Brian Brown, actor, producer, author
 Jack Cogger, former Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs player
 Glenn Coleman, former Cronulla Sharks player and chairman
 Patti Crocker, actress and author of Radio Days
 Paulini Curuenavuli, finalist from the first Australian Idol
 Isaac De Gois, former rugby league player
 Casey Donovan, winner of the second Australian Idol
 Brett Emerton, former Socceroo
 Blake Ferguson, former rugby league player
 Ashleigh Gardner, Australian cricketer
 Brett Holman, former Socceroo
 Paul Keating, 24th Prime Minister of Australia
 John and Ilsa Konrads, siblings and world record-breaking swimmers
 Lonnie Lee, Australian pop musician - East Bankstown now Greenacre 1956-1959
 Jordan Mailata, current American footballer in the NFL
 Peter Mata'utia, current Castleford Tigers player
 Melanie Roche, Olympic medallist in softball
 Andrew Scipione, former Commissioner of the New South Wales Police Force
 Mark Waugh and Steve Waugh, Australian Test cricketing twins.

Gallery

References

Further reading
 Sue Rosen (1996), Bankstown, a Sense of Identity.

External links

 Community Profile
 Local Government Areas, Bankstown

Suburbs of Sydney
Muslim enclaves

Bankstown


Année politique suisse – Schweizerische Politik war ein gedrucktes Jahrbuch und ist eine Online-Plattform zur schweizerischen Politik auf Kantons- und Bundesebene ().

Das Jahrbuch erschien seit 1966 (zum Jahr 1965) und wurde vom Institut für Politikwissenschaft der Universität Bern herausgegeben. Es war teils deutsch, teils französisch abgefasst.

2016, im 50. Erscheinungsjahr, wurde bekannt gegeben, dass das Jahrbuch nicht mehr auf Papier veröffentlicht werde, die Informationen aber weiterhin auf einer kostenfreien Plattform im Internet zugänglich seien, die eine aktuellere Berichterstattung erlaube. Zweitens würden innerhalb der und über die einzelnen Politikfelder hinweg beliebig kombinierbare, benutzerdefinierte Suchabfragen (z. B. nach Akteuren, Instrumenten, Themen und Schlagworten) ermöglicht, was eine wesentlich strukturiertere Suche zulasse. Neben politischen Geschäften fasst die Website Studien und Statistiken zusammen und stellt die Beiträge aus den bisherigen Jahrbüchern zur Verfügung. Die Informationsplattform SWI swissinfo.ch beschrieb diese Umstellung so: «Damit hat die Année Politique das Potenzial, sich von einer Wissenschaftspublikation zu einem Polit-Wikipedia zu entwickeln.»

Seit 2019 verfasst Année Politique Suisse zusammenfassende Jahresrückblicke für jedes thematische Kapitel sowie eine Kurzübersicht über die wichtigsten politischen und gesellschaftspolitischen Ereignisse eines Jahres.

Im August 2023 wurde ein Rückblick auf Legislatur 2019 bis 2023 veröffentlicht.

Weblinks
 Website der Année politique suisse
 Swissvotes, Datenbank der eidgenössischen Volksabstimmungen, hrsg. von den Année politique suisse und vom Institut für Politikwissenschaft der Universität Bern

Einzelnachweise

Politische Zeitschrift (Schweiz)
Schweizerische Politikgeschichte
Ersterscheinung 1966
Universität Bern
Website
Mehrsprachiges Jahrbuch

Année politique suisse


Sirkuslistir eru ýmis konar listgreinar, íþróttir og tækni, sem hafa í gegnum tíðina verið sýndar í sirkus, revíum og af götulistamönnum. Sumar af þessum greinum eru vinsælar hjá áhugafólki sem afþreying, meðan aðrar krefjast langrar þjálfunar. Dæmi um sirkuslistir eru djögl, loftfimleikar, búktal, trúðaleikur, tamningar, húladans, ganga á reipi, einhjól, sverðagleyping, eldgleyping, brúðuleikur og hnífakast.

Sirkuslistir er hægt að læra í sérstökum sirkusskólum.

Sirkuslistir

Sirkuslist


Șeviot este o stofă țesută inițial din lâna oilor Cheviot și realizată acum din alte tipuri de lână sau din amestecuri de lână cu fibre sintetice.

Lâna șeviot are calități filare ridicate, deoarece fibra este fină, moale și maleabilă.

Țesăturile din șeviot au o claritate de textură asemănătoare cu serjul, dar este puțin mai dură și mai grea. Ele pot fi produse din fire de lână sau din fire de lână pieptănată în funcție de aspectul și textura dorită în material finit.

Stofele șeviot pentru costume de sport sunt realizate din fire de lână pieptănată grea, iar unele sunt, de asemenea, realizate din lână pieptănată de oi merinos.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Cheviot description on the Online Textile Dictionary

Stofe

Șeviot


Prema hinduističkoj mitologiji, Maya (sanskrt मय) – također znan kao Mayāsura (मयासुर) – bio je drevni kralj asurâ, kao i slavan graditelj. Majka mu je božica Diti, kći boga Dakshe.

U drevnom epu naziva Mahabharata, po Mayasuri je nazvana dvorana iluzijâ – Mayasabha. Bio je vladar šume zvane Kamyaka. Mayasura je spomenut i u epu Ramajana, gdje je spomenuto da je sagradio grad Maya Rashtra. Njegove su žene apsara Hema i božica kolere Oladevi. On i Hema odgojili su kraljicu Mandodari.

Izvori i bilješke

Hinduistička mitologija

Mayasura


مكتوب هو مسلسل تونسي عُرض لأول مرة في رمضان عام 2008 على قناة تونس 7
وهو من إخراج سامي الفهري وإنتاج شركة كاكتوس يتألف المسلسل من 30 حلقة
وهي الجزء الأول من المسلسل على أن يتواصل المسلسل لمواسم أخر فقط أي رمضان 2009
وتم تصوير الموسم الثاني للمسلسل في رمضان 2009 مع ظهور شخصيات جديدة لم تظهر في الموسم الأول، وقد ظهر في الموسم الأول نخبة
من كبار الممثلين التونسين أهمهم: جودة ناجح بدور "جميلة" وصلاح مصدق وظافر العابدين بدور "محمد علي
الناجي" وأمال سفطة بدور "نجاة ام ريم" وظهر أيضًا عدد من الممثلين الجدد والصاعدين مثل ياسين بن قمرة بدور "الياس عبد الحق"
وأحمد الأندلسي بدور «مهدي الناجي» وسميرة المقرون بدور «سيرين» ورانية القابسي بدور «يسر» وآخرون كثر، وقد شهد المسلسل ظهور
لاعب كرة القدم والمنتخب التونسي راضي الجعايدي والمممثلة التونسية المقيمة بمصر هند صبري ويطرح المسلسل العديد من المشاكل
والشواغل الاجتماعية منها التميز العنصري والغرور والتباهي وتعاطي وتجارة المخدرات والخيانة الزوجية وما ينجر عنها من مشاكل اجتماعية
من طلاق وتفرقة والعديد من المشاكل والشواغل الاجتماعية منها الحياة الجامعية والمهنية.

سبّب مسلسل مكتوب انقساما في الشارع التونسي بين مؤيد ومعارض لهذه النوعية من المسلسلات خاصة في موضوع المسلسل وطريقة تصويره وإخراجه التي لم يتعود عليها المشاهد التونسي لكن المسلسل لقي شهرة كبيرة في العالم العربي.
 الموسم 1: سبتمبر 2008: 30 حلقة على قناة تونس 7
 الموسم 2: أوت 2009: 30 حلقة على قناة تونس 7
 الموسم 3: أوت 2012: 15 حلقة على قناة التونسية
 الموسم 4: جويلية 2014: 23 حلقة على قناة التونسية

القصة عامة
يحكي قصة عائلة الناجي البورجوازية. المتكونة من الأم جميلة ' محمد علي الابن الأكبر، وقد كان جميلا وحسن المظهر وزوجته سامية الذي اتضح أنه كان يخونها مع شهناز والتي تنجب له طفلة لم يستعرف بها. ومن مراد الابن الأوسط ة الطيب والحنون والعاقل ولكن لم يحالفه الحظ مع الزواج. ومن الأخ الأصغر مهدي وهو طالب بالجامعة مع ثلة من رفاقه ويقع في حب يسر السمراء ولكن أمه لم تقبل بالزواج منها بسبب التمييز العنصري الذي تملكها.

بطولة
 ظافر العابدين: «محمد علي الناجي أو دالي» الابن الأكبر في عائلة الناجي ة شاب لعوب وجميل ولكنه غير وفي
 درة زروق: سامية:"زوجة دالي ة تطلقه عندما تعلم بخيانته لها
 عاطف بن حسين: «شكري أو شوكو» بائع مخدرات
 حلمي الدريدي: «منتصر» طالب في الجامعة معروف بذكائه وثقافته الواسعة ولكن بفقره أيضا صديق شكري ويتضح أنه تاجر مخدرات هو أيضا
 أحمد الأندلسي:«مهدي» الأبن الأصغر في عائلة الناجي صديق منتصر وطالب بالجامعة. يقع في حب يسر ولكن أمه لم توافق على جوازهما
 ياسين بن قمرة:«الياس عبد الحق» صديق مهدي وطالب بالجامعة. يملك ابوه شركة كبيرة مما جعلهم عائلة ثرية. خطيب سيرين. وهو شاب وسيم ولكنه غيور ومسيطر جدا ويتضح أنه يستهلك المخدرات

بقية الأدوار
 رانية القابسي: يسر: طالبة بالجامعة وصديقة كل من منتصر والياس وحبيبة مهدي التي لم توافق عليها أمه بسبب لونها
 مريم بن مامي:|شهناز: عشيقة محمد علي وتنجب له ابنة غير شرعية. تصاب بمرض السرطان
 فارس نعناع: مراد: الأبن الأوسط في عائلة الناجي
 نادية بوستة: ريم: طالبة بالجامعة وصديقة الياس ومهدي ومنتصر وسيرين. تعمل عند اب الياس ويقع في حبها ويطلب منها الزواج وتوافق طامعة في اموله. لها أم متخلفة عقليا
 سميرة المقرون: سيرين: طالبة بالجامعة وصديقة مهدي ومنتصر ويسر وريم وحبيبة الياس ثم خطيبته
 آمال سفطة: نجاة: ام ريم المتخلفة. تقتل في نهاية الجزء الأول
 صلاح مصدق: صلاح: اب سيرين
 سنية المؤدب: ام سيرين
 جمال المداني: ناجي: رجل مغفل بعض الشيء عشيق نجاة ام ريم ويتهم بقتلها ويتضح انه بريئ في نهاية الجزء الثاني *كوثر الباردي: بيبي: خادمة في دار الناجي
 عبد الغني بن طارة: لمين: اب الياس وزوج ريم لاحقا
 أمل الجليزي: سارة: اخت سيرين الصغرى وحبيبة محمد علي الثانية. تموت في اخر الجزء الأول في حادث سير
 معز التومي: محامي. أخو سامية
 عربية التارزي: سيدة: أم يسر
 سهير بن عمارة: ليليا: صديقة شهناز
 نصر الدين السهيلي: محرز: أخ شكري وشريكه في تجارة الممنوعات
 حسام الساحلي: كمال: تاجر مخدرات
 محمد علي بن جمعة: أخ سيرين
 سامي التميمي: سامي: أخ سيرين
 فاطمة بعزاوي: مريم: حبيبة شكري
 سامية رحيم: سامية: طليقة لمين وأم الياس

الجزء 2 و3
قصة الجزء 3:
يدور الجزء 3 حول قصة ناجح رجل مجتهد في عمله وله زوجة وابنة صغيرة ويتم اتهامه بالتحرش بزوجة مديره في العمل ويسجن ظلما وتتعرض ابنته لحادث بعد ذلك وتموت وتنجب زوجته طفلا وتهمله من حزنها على ابنتها وزوجها بينما يعيش مديره يوسف بالشيخ الشديد الثراء مع زوجته فريال وابنه هارون بهناء ويصدق كذبها وفي ذات الوقت يدخل محمد علي الناجي باعمال مع يوسف بالشيخ الذي يعجب بزوجته وتستمر احداث كل من عائلة الناجي ويوسف بالشيخ وناجح مع مواصلة بعض الاحداث مع شخصيات من الجزء 1 و2.

حصلت بعض التغييرات وظهور شخصيات جديدة في الجزء 2 مثل:
 هند صبري: ابتسام (دور البطولة الأول)
 محمد ادريس: عباس
 دليلة مفتاحي: ام ابتسام
 سنية المنقعي: صديقة شكري وكمال
 مرام بن عزيزة: سليمة
كما حذفت عديد الشخصيات مثل سارة....
وفي الجزء الثالث:
 مريم بن شعبان: شاكرة
 لطفي بوشناق: سي أحمد
 نجلاء بن عبد الله: فريال
 ناجي ناجح: يوسف بالشيخ
 حكيم المسعودي: ناجح
 محمد أمين حمزاوي: هارون
 انتصار الغربي: عائشة
 مريم بن حسين: ملاك
 نصاف بن حفصية: عزيزة
وخالد هويسة ومهذب الزميلي وفحي الذهيبي وعديدون اخرون...

مراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية انتهت في 2014
مسلسلات تلفزيونية بدأ عرضها في 2008
مسلسلات تلفزيونية تونسية

مكتوب (مسلسل)


Home Nations Series este un campionat de snooker înființat în 2016, care se petrece în Regatul Unit. Trofeele turneelor individuale sunt numite după jucători celebri de snooker din țările respective:
  (Anglia): Trofeul Davis
  (Irlanda de Nord): Trofeul  în Irlanda de Nord
  (Scoția): Trofeul Hendry în Scoția
  (Țara Galilor): Trofeul  în Țara Galilor

Referințe

Snooker
Sport în Regatul Unit

Home Nations Series


The year 1704 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy
 approx. date – The first modern orrery is built by George Graham and Thomas Tompion.

Earth sciences
 An earthquake strikes Gondar in Ethiopia.

Meteorology
 Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 with eyewitness testimonies in The Storm (London).

Physics
 Isaac Newton releases a record of experiments and the deductions made from them in Opticks, a major contribution in study of optics and refraction of light.
 Pierre Varignon invents the U-tube manometer, a device capable of measuring rarefaction in gases.

Technology
 The second electric machine is invented by British engineer Francis Hauksbee the elder (1660–1713): it is a sphere of glass rotated by a wheel.
 For watch movements, Peter Debaufre invents the Debaufre escapement, the first frictional rest watch escapement produced: the escapement consists of two saw-tooth escape wheels of the same count.
 For watch bearings, a jewel bearing made of ruby, comprising a ring (the "hole") with a sink for oil, is invented by Nicholas Facio with Peter and Jacob Debaufre, who use pierced natural rubies. Other gemstones are used subsequently, including garnet (which is too soft) and diamond; in the 20th century, synthetic ruby or sapphire becomes universal for jewel bearings.
 In oil painting, colormaker Diesbach of Berlin (Germany) accidentally invents the pigment Prussian blue, a powerful dark blue pigment with greenish undertones (made from alum and animal bones); therefore, Prussian blue cannot be found in a paint layer predating this year.

Publications
 John Harris publishes the first edition of the Lexicon Technicum, an encyclopedic dictionary of science, in London.

Births
 February 28 – Louis Godin, French astronomer (died 1760)
 June 4 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (died 1776)
 June 17 – John Kay, English inventor (died c. 1779)
 July 31 – Gabriel Cramer, Genevan mathematician (died 1752)
 December 29 –  Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (died 1779)
 (c. 1704) – William Battie, English psychiatrist (died 1776)
 undated – Richard Pococke, English anthropologist and explorer (died 1765)

Deaths
 February 2 – Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (born 1661)
 March 17 – Menno, Baron van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (born 1641)
 April 15 – Johann van Waveren Hudde, Dutch mathematician (born 1628)
 April 20 – Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (born 1629)
 June 14 – Ralph Bathurst, English theologian, physician and academic (born 1620)
 July 7 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (born c. 1657)
 November 20 – Charles Plumier, French botanist (born 1646)
 Paolo Falconieri, Florentine polymath (born 1638)

References

18th century in science
1700s in science

1704 in science


El riachuelo el Jardín o  Arroyo de Carrabías es un regato que nace muy cerca de la Garganta del Oso, un paraje de la Sierra de Béjar (Salamanca), aunos 1.345 m de altitud. Desemboca a unos 898 m de altitud en la ciudad de Béjar, y en el río Cuerpo de Hombre. En total tiene unos 8.4 km desde su nacimiento hasta su desembocadura, y con ello un desnivel total de algo más de 450 m, ya que 2/3 partes del río baja una empinada montaña. Es uno de los arroyos más grandes e importantes de la comarca Bejarana, además de uno de los más caudalosos de esta, ya que solo hay 2 ríos, el Río Cuerpo de Hombre y el Río Riofrío y 5 regatos un poco más importantes, dónde está incluido este. Los demás son muy pequeños, apenas hilos de agua que salen de la tierra en forma de manantial.
La situación de este riachuelo se encuentra en el sureste de la provincia de Salamanca, y nace en la sierra de Béjar, en el término municipal de Candelario, por dónde no llega a pasar. Es una zona montañosa, dónde en invierno llueve mucho y en verano escasea el agua. Tiene 8.45 km de longitud exactamente, y llega a tener hasta 450 m de desnivel, producido por la fuerte bajada del agua en su recorrido por la montaña.
Los lugares que atraviesa son, en su curso alto atraviesa una zona de escobas y arbustos. Más adelante atraviesa un bosque de robles y un bosque de pinos, el cual de grandes dimensiones. Atraviesa un pequeño pueblo, Palomares de Béjar y también pasa al lado del palacio de campo de los duques de Béjar, a unos 1.009 m de altitud. Pasa más abajo por un jardín vecinal, dónde se junta con el afluente más importante,y, desde ahí va encañado por un tuvo por debajo de la ciudad de Béjar, hasta llegar al río Cuerpo de Hombre, dónde desemboca.
Sus afluentes son varios, y uno de ellos es el regato del Bosque, el más importante y que desemboca en él en un jardín vecinal. Otro es un regato de nace en los pinos y otro de ellos que nace en Candelario, que son el regato de Navaquino y Candelino respectivamente. Otros son subterráneos que desembocan en él por debajo de tierra, en la ciudad de Béjar. El más importante es el regato del Bosque, que nace en la colina de Palomares, a 1.105 m de altitud, y que tiene una longitud de aproximadamente 2.98 km de longitud, y con un desnivel de 169.8 m.
En los últimos años ha habido varias obras en su cauce. En el año 2010, en un jardín vecinal, cambiaron su cauce a otro lado, ya que pasaba justamente por debajo de un edificio que se estaba agrietando, y eso afectava a su estructura y con ello la posibilidad de derrumbe. Otra obra ha sido en el año 2011, que se debe a que están limpiando su cauce desde su nacimiento hasta un bosque cercano a él, haciendo una limpieza de 3/4 partes de su cauce.
Su caudal es de régimen regular, muy poco común en esta provincia. En invierno se llega a desbordar, como en el año 1995, el cual llegó a inundar más de 85 hectáreas de terreno, entre prados, bosques y arbustos. En verano nunca se llega a secar pero viene muy poca agua, tan solo 1.12 litros de agua por minuto. En el año 1997 se llegó a secar por completo durante 3 meses, cosa que no ocurría desde hacía 33 años. También en el año 2011, a últimos de octubre, estuvo también a punto de secarse. Gracias a una tormenta que cayó lo salvó de una sequía inminente. En invierno su caudal normal es de 45 litros de agua por minuto, aunque en sus habituales crecidas puede alcanzar los 100 litros de agua en un solo minuto.
Este riachuelo tiene varios usos, uno de ellos es en verano, dónde se utiliza para el riego y el ganado. También se utiliza para llenar 2 estanques y un pilar, que está en un jardín vecinal. De esos 2 estanques, 1 es para uso turístico, ya que está en un paraje de bellísimo encanto. También mantiene húmedo en verano al bosque de pinos "monte mario", con más de 1.150.000 pinos y más de 150.000 árboles entre hayas, robles y castaños.
Su cuenca es de aproximadamente 25.8 km cuadrados y que llega a recoger anualmente hasta 6.990 m cúbicos de agua que serían aproximadamente unos 984.000 litros de agua, menos en el 2006, que se llegaron a recoger hasta 8.173 metros cúbicos. En esta cuenca hay 10 regatos muy pequeños, 4 regatos más grandes y este, que en total hacen 15 núcleos de agua.

Referencias

Afluentes del Alagón

Riachuelo el Jardín (Béjar)


Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai is a 1999 crime drama film written, produced and directed by Jim Jarmusch. Forest Whitaker stars as the title character, the mysterious "Ghost Dog", a hitman in the employ of the Mafia, who follows the ancient code of the samurai as outlined in the book of Yamamoto Tsunetomo's recorded sayings, Hagakure. The cast also features Cliff Gorman, Henry Silva, Isaach de Bankolé, Victor Argo and Camille Winbush.

An international co-production between the United States, France, Germany and Japan, the film premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or. The film opened to largely positive critical reception, with several critics noting similarities between the movie and Jean-Pierre Melville's 1967 film Le Samouraï, and was nominated for both an Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and a César Award for Best Foreign Film.

Plot
Ghost Dog sees himself as a retainer of Louie, a local mobster, who saved Ghost Dog's life years earlier. While living as a hitman for the American Mafia, he adheres to the code of the samurai, and interprets and applies the wisdom of the Hagakure.

Louie tells Ghost Dog to kill a gangster, Handsome Frank, who is sleeping with the daughter of local mafia boss Vargo. Ghost Dog arrives and kills the gangster, before seeing that the girl is also in the room; he leaves her alive. To avoid being implicated in the murder of a made man, Vargo and his associate Sonny Valerio decide to get rid of Ghost Dog. Louie knows practically nothing about Ghost Dog, as the hitman communicates only by homing pigeon. The mobsters start by tracing all the pigeon coops in town. They find Ghost Dog's cabin atop a building and kill his pigeons. Ghost Dog realizes he must kill Vargo and his men or they will kill him and his master.

During the day, Ghost Dog frequently visits the park to see his best friend, a French-speaking ice cream man named Raymond. Ghost Dog does not understand French and Raymond does not understand English but the two nonetheless seem to connect with each other. Ghost Dog also befriends a little girl named Pearline, to whom he lends the book Rashōmon.

Eventually, Ghost Dog invades Vargo's mansion and kills almost everyone single-handedly, sparing only Louie and Vargo's daughter. That night, Ghost Dog kills Sonny Valerio at his home by shooting him through a pipe. Ghost Dog expects that Louie will attack him, as he feels that Louie is obliged to avenge the murder of his boss Vargo. He goes to the park and gives Raymond all his money, helping him to stay in the country. Pearline appears and gives back Rashōmon to Ghost Dog, saying that she liked it. Ghost Dog gives Pearline his copy of Hagakure and encourages her to read it.

Though Louie feels some loyalty to Ghost Dog, he finally confronts him at Raymond's ice cream stand with Raymond and Pearline watching. Ghost Dog is unwilling to attack his master and allows Louie to kill him. His last act is to give Louie the copy of Rashōmon and encourage him to read it. Pearline takes Ghost Dog's empty gun and aims at Louie as he flees. Ghost Dog dies peacefully with Raymond and Pearline at his side; Louie gets into a car with Vargo's daughter (who now has replaced her father as his boss). Later, Pearline reads the Hagakure.

Cast

Themes and analysis

Violence and cross-culturalism
In a 2000 interview with Peter Bowen of Filmmaker, Jarmusch referred to the violence in Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai as "simply a reflection of the history of human beings." Regarding the multiple instances in which the gangster characters or their associates watch cartoons, Jarmusch added: "As for the cartoons, it is another layer, resonance, or nuance of things. They are echoes of things happening in the story. What I don't like is that some people have said that the cartoons are there because the gangsters are very cartoon-like. I just like cartoons, and I like the idea of adults watching cartoons." Bowen noted that the film features clips from The Itchy & Scratchy Show, a fictional television series in The Simpsons known for its gratuitous violence.

Speaking on Ghost Dog as a character, Jarmusch said that, "Violence is just who Ghost Dog is. He is a warrior, and he follows a warrior code. He acts in violent situations, as a warrior must." Whitaker, in the same interview, added, "To be whole, to have duality and knowing both sides of everything—I think Ghost Dog is aware of that, at least as a character. He is not content, but strong in what he knows to be the order of his life. I don't think he even views what he does as a violent act; it is just an extension of something he must do to maintain the order by which he lives." Jarmusch goes on to say that violence is one of several elements in the film representative of an amalgam of cultures, stating, "America is about the synthesis of a lot of different cultures, and beauty arises out of that synthesis. I don't see this as violence of about cultures clashing but rather as being all part of one thing. The Italian guys don't even work out of an Italian restaurant anymore; it's a Chinese restaurant. Ghost Dog himself is an urban black character, but he follows a code from another culture and another century, the Japanese samurai culture."

Cinematic allusions
Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai has been interpreted by critics as a homage to Le Samouraï, a 1967 crime-drama by Jean-Pierre Melville starring Alain Delon. That movie opens with a quote from an invented Book of Bushido and features a meditative, loner hero, Jef Costello. In the same manner that Ghost Dog has an electronic "key" to break into luxury cars, Costello has a huge ring of keys that enable him to steal any Citroën DS. The endings share a key similarity. The peculiar relationship between the protagonists of both movies and birds, as companions and danger advisers, is another common theme. The film contains a number of references to Seijun Suzuki's Branded to Kill, such as when a bird lands in front of Ghost Dog's rifle scope, referencing the incident with a butterfly in Suzuki's film. Ghost Dog shooting Sonny Valerio up the drain pipe is taken from Branded to Kill.

Production
Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai was shot mostly in Jersey City, New Jersey, but the movie never mentions where the story is set. License plates reveal it is in "The Industrial State" and a vehicle from another state has on its license plate "The Highway State", both of which are fictional state nicknames.

Soundtrack

The film's score and soundtrack is the first produced by the Wu-Tang Clan's RZA.

US and Japanese versions of the soundtrack album have been released, each with a different set of tracks. The Japanese release also has some songs not in the film. Songs in the film that don't appear on either soundtrack album include From Then Till Now performed by Killah Priest, Armagideon Time performed by Willi Williams, Nuba One performed by Andrew Cyrille and Jimmy Lyons and Cold Lampin With Flavor performed by Public Enemy.

Track listing

Reception

Box office
Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai grossed a worldwide total of $9,380,473, of which $3,308,029 was in the United States.

Critical response

Critical response to the film was largely positive. On the Rotten Tomatoes review site, the film has an 82% "Certified Fresh" rating, based on reviews from 95 critics. The website's critical consensus was that the movie is "An innovative blend of samurai and gangster lifestyles." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 67 based on 31 critics' reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, describing it as "truly, profoundly weird." Ebert's review proposed Ghost Dog made the most sense if Whitaker's character were insane: "In a quiet, sweet way, he is totally unhinged and has lost all touch with reality. His profound sadness, which permeates the touching Whitaker performance, comes from his alienation from human society, his loneliness, his attempt to justify inhuman behavior (murder) with a belief system (the samurai code) that has no connection with his life or his world." J. Hoberman of The Village Voice described it as "an impeccably shot and sensationally scored deadpan parody of two current popular modes" (hitman films and mafia films).

Accolades
The film was nominated for the Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics, the César Award for Best Foreign Film of 2000 and the Palme d'Or award at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. It was also nominated for Best Feature at the 16th Independent Spirit Awards.

References

External links

 Interview with Ian Johnston at louderthanwar.com
 Ghost Dog: By the Book an essay by Greg Tate at the Criterion Collection

1999 films
1999 independent films
1990s crime drama films
American crime drama films
Films about contract killing
Films directed by Jim Jarmusch
Films scored by RZA
Japan in non-Japanese culture
Films about the American Mafia
American gangster films
American martial arts films
Samurai films
StudioCanal films
Hood films
Films shot in New Jersey
English-language French films
English-language German films
English-language Japanese films
1999 martial arts films
1999 drama films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
French gangster films
German gangster films

Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai


Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (; 30 October 1895 – 24 April 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist.

He is credited with the discovery of sulfonamidochrysoidine (KL730) as an antibiotic for which he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The drug became the first commercially available antibiotic and marketed under the brand name Prontosil.

While working in the pathology department of the University of Münster, Domagk was invited to join the IG Farben branch at Elberfeld (later Wuppertal) in 1927. His duty was to test chemical compounds prepared at the IG Farben laboratory for potential drugs. A novel compound synthesised by Friedrich Mietzsch and Joseph Klarer, a benzene derivative of azo dye attached with sulphonamide group as a side chain was found to have antibacterial activity against human bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. In 1935, Domagk's only daughter, Hildegarde, injured herself and contracted a streptococcal infection. In a desperate attempt to save his daughter's arm from amputation and her life, Domagk used the new compound that eventually cured the infection. Given the brand name Prontosil, the new drug became the first antibiotic commercially available for bacterial infections.

Domagk was chosen to receive the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil," but the Nazi government prohibited him from receiving the award. In 1947, after the fall of Nazi Germany, he was officially given the Nobel diploma and delivered the Nobel lecture.

Biography
Domagk was born in Lagow, Brandenburg, German Empire (now Poland). His father Paul Richard Domagk was a school teacher. He had an elder brother Erich, who died in childhood, and a younger sister, Charlotte. When he was five, in 1900, his father was transferred to Sommerfeld (now Lubsko, Poland). He immediately entered the Bismarck School where he completed elementary education in 1910. Then, he attended Herzog-Heinrich School in Liegnitz where he completed secondary education in 1904, aged 14.

Domagk entered the University of Kiel in 1914 to study medicine. As the First World War broke out, the university was closed and he returned to Sommerfeld. He joined the German Grenadier Regimen 7 as a volunteer along with 15 of his old school friends. In his first experience of war at Flanders in October 1914, he barely escaped death where 11 of his school friends were killed. He was transferred to eastern front in Poland in December 1914, where he was shot on the head. He was transported to Lichterfelde near Berlin where he recovered from the injury. There he was given a training as medical orderly. In May 1915, he rejoined the eastern front as a medic. He recalled the horrors and suffering, especially of infections, at the battlefields, saying "There horrible impressions kept pursuing me during my whole life, and made me think how I could take measures against bacteria... I then swore, in case I would return to my home alive, to work and work to make a small contribution to solve that problem."

As the war ended in November 1918, Domagk resumed his medical course at Kiel. His doctoral thesis titled Beeinflussung der Kreatininausscheidung durch Muskelarbeit (Influence of Creatinine Excretion in the Urine through Muscular Activity) was supervised by Max Buerger and with that he earned his degree in 1921. Between 1922 and 1923, he worked as an assistant to Georg Hoppe-Seyler at Kiel.

In 1923, he met Walter Gross, the Director of the Institute of Pathology at the University of Greifswald, at the conference of German Society of Pathology in Leipzig. Gross was impressed with him and appointed him a junior doctor at Greifswald. He supported Domagk's research on phagocytosis, an immune process discovered by Russian zoologist Elie Metchnikoff, so far as permitting excessive use of electricity, constant photographic lights, and free roaming of experimental mice, all of which angered the janitor. Domagk's thesis "Destroying infectious diseases through the reticuloendothelium and the development of amyloid", published in 1924 in Virchows Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin (now Virchows Archiv) was assessed as a worthy criterion for promotion to a full professor. However, Gross was appointed to the University of Münster, and he invited Domagk to join him as a lecturer at his proposed Department of Experimental Pathology.

In 1925, he married Gertrude Strube, at the time an advisor to the German Chamber of Commerce in Basel. Later they had three sons and a daughter.

At Münster, Domagk felt that the new department was not flourishing as he anticipated and was underpaid. The IG Farben branch at Elberfeld (later Wuppertal) noticed him and offered him to lead their institute of experimental pathology. When he informed of this opportunity to his university authority in July 1927, and that he would stay if at least he was given a position of associate professor; he never received a response. He took a sabbatical leave for two years without pay, and decided to accept IF Farben's offer in 1929. However, another source states that he joined the IG Farben in 1927.

Domagk was appointed director of the Institute of Pathology and Bacteriology, started working at the IG Farben laboratories at Wuppertal where he continued the studies of Josef Klarer and Fritz Mietzsch, based on works by Paul Ehrlich, to use dyes, at that time a major product of the company, as antibiotics. He changed his focus to tuberculosis and chemotherapy. He remained in that position until his retirement in 1961.

Along with Albert Einstein, Domagk was one of the sponsors of the Peoples' World Convention (PWC), also known as Peoples' World Constituent Assembly (PWCA), which took place in 1950-51 at Palais Electoral, Geneva, Switzerland.

Domagk died from heart attack at his villa in the Black Forest village of Burberg near Königsfeld, Schwarzwald.

Achievements

Prontosil
Domagk's responsibility at IG Farben was to test the new compounds, chemical dyes, for antimicrobial activities. Werner Schulemann, Friedrich Mietzsch, Hans Mauss and Joseph Klarer were largely responsible for providing a continuous supply of chemicals to be screened. Since the end of the 19th century, azo dyes, developed and used for colouring textile and other materials, were found to have medicinal properties against infections. For example, German biologist Paul Ehrlich used methylene blue, a type of azo dye, to kill malarial parasites in experimental animals, and cured two persons from malaria in 1891. Later, Ehrlich and his students found that some azo dyes were effective against African sleeping sickness. In 1913, P. Eisenberg discovered that another azo dye, chrysoidine could kill bacteria and could be used as a disinfectant. Following such leads, IG Farben devoted to studying and chemically modifying azo dyes for potential medicines.

Development
In early 1930s, Mietzsch and Klarer synthesised a benzene derivative of azo dye, which was chemically related to (an analogue of) chrysoidine.  The compound had an addition of sulphonamide group as a side chain, thus becoming sulfamidochrysoidine. They suspected that a unique chemical component of sulphonamide group in the new dye could be a possible drug candidate; as Mietzsch predicted: "[The sulphonamide parts were] the right substituents in the right positions on the azo group." The compound was then labelled KL730 (KL for Klarer). IG Farben received a German patent for the new compound in 1932.

The exact date of synthesis is unknown. An account that the IG Farben leader Heinrich Hörlein suggested the use of sufur group to azo dyes "some time in 1932" may not be true, as IG Farben received the patent of the first modified sulfamidochrysoidine on 7 November 1931. The other related compound received patent  in December 1932. Initial experiments in 1931 indicated poor antibacterial effect against bacterial cultures. It was not known at the time that the active component of Prontosil was the sulphonamide and not the azo group, as they expected. In addition, the sulphonamides by themselves were not antibacterials, but only became active drug after metabolism inside the body. This is why the first tests (in vitro) on bacterial cultures failed.

Discovery of antibacterial activity
In early 1931, Domagk immediately tested the compound in mice that were having bacterial infection, and found that it was effective against Gram-positive bacteria. He designated a code for the compound D 4145 (D for Domagk). He induced infection at the belly (peritonitis) of mice using clinical specimens (isolates) of Streptococcus pyogenes. In the first experiment, he infected 26 mice by injecting the bacteria, and he injected a single dose of Prontosil to 12 of the infected mice, while the rest 14 were simply kept infected (as controls) without Prontosil treatment. All the Prontosil-injected mice survived, meaning they were cured of the streptococcal infection, whereas the untreated 14 mice all died by the fourth day of experiment. There were several more experimental tests, and a clinical trial in which a boy was cured of streptococcal infection in 1933. In February 1935, Domagk reported his experiments in the journal Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift  as "Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen" ("A contribution to the chemotherapy of bacterial infections").

At the time, there was no medical cure for streptococcal infection, and infected body parts had to be surgically removed to prevent further spread of the infection. This is still in practice when the infection had caused severe tissue damage even after antibiotics are available. In a notable incidence, Domagk's six-year-old daughter, Hildegarde, injured herself with a stitching needle while making Christmas decorations on 4 December 1935. She fell on the stairs and stabbed her hand with the needle, and the broken needle was stuck in her wrist. The needle was removed at a hospital. However, she developed severe inflammation and fever from the next day. As Domagk recounted:When the dressing was changed a few days later there was marked swelling of the hand, and despite removal of all the stitches the fever continued to rise rapidly. In spite of numerous incisions the inflammation phlegmon extended to the under-arm. A serious worsening of the general condition and dizziness occurred, so that we were gravely worried about the child. Since further surgical intervention was not possible, I asked permission of the treating surgeon to use Prontosil, after I had established by culture that streptococci were the cause of the illness. After making 14 incisions, the physician suggested that the only way to save Hildegarde was amputation of the arm. However, Hildegarde recovered following the Prontosil treatment and her arm was saved.

By 1935, Mietzsch and Klarer had prepared two forms of the compound, one is poorly soluble in water while the other is highly soluble. The water-soluble compound was given a name Streptozon (specifically Streptozon S, for the soluble sodium salt) after the bacterium with which it was originally experimented, and the less water-soluble was called Prontosil (specifically Prontosil rubrum). Prontosil was used as the common name for both and the brand name of the drug after 1935. Domagk had used only the Streptozon type. He reported the development of the drug and his human application in article "Chemotherapie der streptokokken-infektionen" ("Chemotherapy of streptococcus infection") in the October issue of Klinische Wochenschrift (later Journal of Molecular Medicine).

Confirmation
The first independent research was done by English physician Leonard Colebrook at the Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital in London. Immediately after reading Domagk's paper, in 1935, Colebrook repeated the experiments on mice using both soluble Streptozon and the less soluble form and found that Streptozon was more effective but only in specific bacteria that caused puerperal fever. However, he found a serious side effect that the surviving mice developed severe kidney damages. This discouraged him from human clinical trials, but he encountered one woman who was terminally ill from puerperal fever. Without other options of treatment, he gave the Streptozon that cured the woman in a couple of days. He tested the drug again on another woman with the same result, to which he remarked: "Almost at once there was a surprising and most gratifying change." With Méave Kenny, he treated 64 women and reported the experiments and clinical trials in 1936. The medical application was soon supported by other clinical cases and Prontosil became the major antibiotic for the next decade.

Sulfonamides had revolutionary antibacterial effectiveness for their time, surpassing phage therapy, but were later replaced by penicillin, which showed both better effects and fewer side effects (sulfonamides can cause kidney stones and changes in bone marrow). However, Domagk's work on sulfonamides eventually led to the development of the antituberculosis drugs thiosemicarbazone and isoniazid, which helped to curb the epidemic of tuberculosis which swept Europe after World War II. Although Prontosil lost its popularity after the 1960s, its derivatives are continued to be used in several bacterial and viral infections, especially in the treatments of burns and urinary tract infections.

Zephirol
In 1932, Domagk discovered the potential use of benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride as a powerful antimicrobial agent. After a series of tests with different bacteria, he published in 1935 as a disinfectant, naming it Zephirol. Domagk explained how Zephirol applied to the skin, such as before wearing gloves during surgery, could prevent infection. It led to a successful marketing as a common disinfectant. This was the discovery of quats, chemicals that are later used in a variety of consumer applications including as general antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners.

Cancer therapy
Since 1936, Domagk also focussed on cancer treatment. In 1956, he reported the successful development of an anticancer drug which he designated E-39 (E for ethylenimine quinones). He showed that the compound could destroy cancer cells such as Yoshida sarcoma, Ehrlich carcinoma and Crocker sarcoma of mice and the Walker carcinoma of rats. He was aware that precision drugs would be required to target specific cancers, as he remarked:In therapy we will have to be satisfied, for the present at least, with a certain equilibrium between body cell and tumorous cell, even if the tumor cannot be completely eliminated. We will be satisfied if we ca slow down it growth, in order to preserve the life of a patient longer and under bearable conditions.Although the drug did not find way into prescription treatment of cancer, it was continued to be investigated and several related compounds are still under experimental studies.

Nobel Prize and issues
In 1939, Domagk was selected by the Nobel Foundation to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of Prontosil as an antibiotic, the first commercially available drug effective against bacterial infections. However, the Nazi Germany banned him from attending the award ceremony. This was because Carl von Ossietzky, an outspoken anti-Nazi pacifist, had won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1935, who which had angered the Nazi German government. Ossietzky was imprisoned and died in a concentration camp. In 1937, Adolf Hitler made an official decree that prohibited German nationals to accept the Nobel Prize.

On 27 October 1939, Domagk received a telegram from the rector of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm that he was to receive the Nobel Prize. He informed the rector of the University of Münster, Walter Mevius, who immediately submitted a petition to the German authorities to allow Domagk to receive the award. Domagk himself wrote to the NSDAP Office of the Führer, Hitler's headquarters, that should he be allowed to receive he award, he would donate 100,000 Deutsche Marks for the war cause. On 17 November, he was arrested by the Gestapo who detained him for a week. He was released when he was verified that he supported the German National Socialism and was politically loyal. However, he was informed to communicate with Karolinska Institute only through the government departments such as the Ministry of Education or Foreign Office, and forced to decline the award. It was officially announced in Berlin that Domagk had "rather regretfully declined" the award.

Two years after the end of World War II and the Nazi regime, the Nobel Foundation gave the Nobel medallion and a diploma to Domagk in 1947. However, the monetary prize was not given as it was already returned to the foundation.

Awards and honours
Domagk was awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In the same year, Domagk was also awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. In 1941 Domagk was awarded the Medaglia Paterno (Rome) by the Kingdom of Italy and also the Von-Klebelsberg-Medal and Prize by the Kingdom of Hungary. He became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1942.

After the war, in 1947, Domagk was finally able to receive his Nobel Prize, but not the monetary portion of the prize due to the time that had elapsed. In 1951, he was one of seven Nobel Laureates who attended the 1st Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. He received the El Soleil del Perú in 1952, the Pour le mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste in 1952, the Spanish Civil de Sanidad in 1953, the del Lobertador from the Republic of Venezuela in 1957, the Medal of the Rising Sun 2nd Class from Japan in 1960, the Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1955. In 1952, he was elected chairman of the German Society of Pathology.

Domagk became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1959; his short biography was published by the Royal Society in 1964.

Domagkpark, a public park, and Domagkstraße, a road, in Munich are named after Domagk. In Münster, a research foundation called Krebsforschung Professor Dr. Gerhard Domagk (Cancer Research Professor Dr. Gerhard Domagk) was established in 1961, and Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie (Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology) is created in the University of Münster.

References

External links
  including the Nobel Lecture on 12 December 1947 Further Progress in Chemotherapy of Bacterial Infections
 Biography at Bayer

1895 births
1964 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
Academic staff of the University of Münster
Bayer people
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
German Army personnel of World War I
German bacteriologists
German Nobel laureates
German pathologists
Physicians from the Province of Brandenburg
People from Świebodzin County
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
University of Kiel alumni

Gerhard Domagk


Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (; ; also Emil Khristianovich Lenz, ; 12 February 1804 – 10 February 1865),  usually cited as Emil Lenz or Heinrich Lenz in some countries, was a Russian physicist of Baltic German descent who is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1834.

Biography
Lenz was born in Dorpat (nowadays Tartu, Estonia), at that time in the Governorate of Livonia in the Russian Empire. After completing his secondary education in 1820, Lenz studied chemistry and physics at the University of Dorpat. He traveled with the navigator Otto von Kotzebue on his third expedition around the world from 1823 to 1826. On the voyage Lenz studied climatic conditions and the physical properties of seawater. The results were published in "Memoirs of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences" (1831).

After the voyage, Lenz began working at the University of St. Petersburg, Russia, where he later served as the Dean of Mathematics and Physics from 1840 to 1863 and was Rector from 1863 until his death in 1865. Lenz also taught at the Petrischule in 1830 and 1831, and at the Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy.

Lenz had begun studying electromagnetism in 1831. Besides the law named in his honor, Lenz also independently discovered Joule's law in 1842; to honor his efforts on the problem, it is also given the name the "Joule–Lenz law," named also for James Prescott Joule.

Lenz eagerly participated in development of the electroplating technology, invented by his friend and colleague Moritz von Jacobi. In 1839, Lenz produced several medallions using electrotyping. Along with the electrotyped relief produced by Jacobi the same year, these were the first instances of galvanoplastic sculpture.

Lenz died in Rome, after suffering a cerebral haemorrhage.

A lunar crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him.

See also
 List of Baltic German scientists

References

External links
Page on Lenz from a list of famous electroscientists
Biography of Lenz

1804 births
1865 deaths
Scientists from Tartu
People from the Governorate of Livonia
Baltic German people from the Russian Empire

Electrical engineers from the Russian Empire
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Military Engineering-Technical University
People associated with electricity
University of Tartu alumni
Rectors of Saint Petersburg State University

Physicists from the Russian Empire
Russian scientists

Emil Lenz


Jordan deltog under Sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro som blev arrangeret i perioden 5. august til 21. august 2012.

Medaljer

Medaljevinderne

Referencer

Lande ved sommer-OL 2016
2016

Jordan ved sommer-OL 2016


التاكاهي أو ماووري  طائر لا يوجد إلا في نيوزيلندا، طائر بحجم الدجاجة تقريباً, له منقار أحمر شبيه بمنقار الببغاء، وريشه أرجواني مائل إلي الزرقة، وهو طائر لا يطير.

تقضي هذه الطيور معظم أيام السنة في مرتفعات سلسلتي جبال مورشيسون وكلير في نيوزيلندا. هنالك أعداد قليلة من هذا الطائر بعضها يعيش في بعض الحدائق العامة.

وتذكر دائرة معارف الطيور المصورة أن هذا الطير الكبير (طوله حوالي 63 سم) شهد انخفاضاً مروعاً في أعداده في وجه منافسة وضراوة الحيوانات التي جاءت من مناطق أخرى. وعلي الرغم من تربية هذه الطيور في أَسر فهو لا يزال نوعاً مهدداً بالانقراض. وتذكر أيضاً دائرة معارف الطيور المصورة أنه يقتات علي الرؤوس الحاملة للبذور في النبتة والأجزاء السفلى الغضة من الأعشاب.

مراجع

أنواع مهددة بالانقراض حسب القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد العالمي للحفاظ على الطبيعة ومواردها
دجاجة السلطان
طيور الجزيرة الجنوبية (نيوزيلندا)
طيور حسب الاسم المألوف
طيور لا تطير
طيور وصفت في 1883

تاكاهي


Konstantinos Galanidis (Chania, 1 de setembro de 1990) é um jogador de polo aquático grego, medalhista olímpico.

Carreira
Galanidis fez parte da Seleção Grega de Polo Aquático Masculino nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, equipe que conquistou a medalha de prata, após confronto contra a equipe sérvia na final da competição.

Jogadores de polo aquático olímpicos da Grécia
Jogadores de polo aquático nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas olímpicos do polo aquático

Konstantinos Galanidis