Oedipus (Yunanca Oidipous, "şişik ayaklı"; Latince Oedipus) veya Œdipus. Thebai'nin mitolojik kralı, Laios ve İokaste'nın oğlu. Babasını öldürüp, annesiyle evlenmiştir. Antigone, İsmene, Eteokles ve Polyneikes'in babasıdır.

Hayatı

Oidipus'un babası Laios, Pelops un oğluna tecavüz ettiği için Crysispios Pelops tarafından lanetlenir. Laios'un yeni doğan oğlu Oedipus, babasını öldürecektir. Bunun üzerine Laios, oğlunun ayak bileklerini iplerle sardırır ve Oidipus'un, kurtlara ya da kuşlara yem olması için ormana bırakılmasını emreder. Fakat yardımcısı, Laios'a ihanet eder ve küçük çocuğu götürüp bir çobana teslim eder. Çoban, Küçük Oidipus'u, çocukları olmayan Korinth kralı Polybos ve kraliçe Merope'ye (veya Periboea) armağan eder. Polybos ve Merope, Oedipus'u kendi öz çocukları gibi sever ve büyütür. Korinth kral ve kraliçesi oğulları Oidipus'la birlikte mutlu yaşarlar, ta ki günün birinde bir şölen sırasında oldukça sarhoş bir davetli Oidipus'a "evlatlık" gözüyle bakana dek. Ertesi gün genç adam annesini, babasını sorgular, ikisi de inkâr eder. Oidipus yine de kuşku içinde kalır. Bunun üzerine Delphoi'ye yola çıkar. Kahin onu horlayarak başından savar, sorusuna hiç değinmeden iğrenç bir geleceğin haberini verir. Oidipus annesiyle beraber olacak, zina ürünü bir soyu türeyecek ve kendisine hayat vermiş olan babasının katili olacaktır. Dehşete düşen Oidipus nereye gideceğini pek düşünmeden oralardan kaçar, bir daha asla Korinth'e dönmeyecektir. Delphoi'den çıkarken dar bir yol ağzında arabaya binmiş, yanında da birkaç hizmetçi bulunan bilinmedik yaşlı bir adama rastlar. Geçiş önceliği için tartışırlar, Oidipus arabanın yanından geçmekte iken yaşlı adam onun kafasının orta yerine iki kamçı darbesi indirir. Oidipus hemen sert karşılık verir. Sopası ile ihtiyarı yere yıkar, sonra da tanıkları öldürür. Artık yollarda başıboş dolanmaya başlar Thebai'ye varır. Bu şehrin üzerinde bir bela vardır.

"Şehrin dolayında dağlık bir buruna bir canavar, çiğ et yiyen Sfenks yerleşmiştir."

(Aiskhylos)

Sfenks yolcuları gözetleyip, her birine bilmecesini sorar, hiç kimse bilmeceyi çözemez, o da hepsini parçalayıp yer. Thebaililer her gün agoraya toplanarak bilmecenin cevabını bulmaya çalışırlar, kralları yeni öldürülmüş olduğundan kendilerini sfenksten kurtaracak olan kimseye sitenin tahtını da söz verirler. Oidipus oradan geçerken bilmece ona da sorulur:

''"O hangi yaratıktır ki bir süre dört ayak üzerinde, bir süre iki, bir süre de üç ayakla yürür ve de, doğa yasalarına aykırı olarak, ayakları en çok olduğu zaman güçsüzdür?"

Oidipus biraz düşünür ve yaratığın "insan" olduğunu söyler. Çünkü insan, çocukluğunda dört ayağı üzerindedir, emekler; daha sonra da iki ayağı üzerinde yürür; nihayet yaşlanınca da bir sopaya dayanarak üç ayaklı olur.

Sfenks sorusunun çözülmesiyle intihar eder. Thebaililer kurtarıcılarını alkışlar, onu kral yapar ve kraliçe ile evlendirirler. Böylece Oidipus, İokaste ile evlenmiştir. Hem öz annesi hem de karısından, Eteokles ve Polineikes adlı iki oğlu, Antigone ve İsmene adında iki kızı olur.

Birkaç mutlu yıldan sonra Thebai'de veba salgını yaşanır, artakalan insanlar Oidipus'a tekrar onları kurtarmaları için yalvarır. Oidipus, Delphoi'de kahinine danışır; kahin ona orada mutluluk içinde yaşamakta olan günahkarı ülkeden kovmasını önerir. Oidipus eski kral Laios'a karşı işlenip cezasız kalmış olan cinayetin söz konusu olduğunu düşünür; suçluyu cezalandırmaya ant içer.

Kör kahin Teireisias'a sorar ve kahin, katilin Oidipus'un ta kendisi olduğunu söyler, ayrıca, o, kendi annesinin kocasıdır. Oidipus araştırır, Laios'un Delphoi'ye giderken öldürüldüğünü öğrenir ve aklına aynı yolda karşılaşıp öldürdüğü yaşlı adam gelir. Eş zamanlı olarak babası Korinth kralı Polybos'un ölüm haberini alır ve haberi getiren ulak ona Polybos'un oğlu olmadığını açıklar. Öte yandan Oidipus, İokaste'dan duyduğu bir öyküyü hatırlar: İokaste'ın ilk kocasından bir çocuğunun ölmesi için ormana bırakılması. Oidipus ormana bırakılan çocuğun kendisi olduğunu anlar.

Kehanet gerçek olmuştur. Günahları yüzünden kan ve kedere gömülen, herkes tarafından terk edilen Oidipus artık sadece kör bir dilencidir. Umarsızlık içinde İokaste'in altın iğneleri ile gözlerini oyar ve kızı Antigone'un izinde yollara düşer. İokaste de kendisini odasında asar.

Oidipus'un sonraki hayatı Sofokles'in Oidipus Kolonos'ta oyununda anlatılır. Kör olan Oidipus, kızları Antigone ve İsmene'nin yardımı ile Atina yakınlarındaki Kolonos'a gelir. Thebai'de kalan oğulları Eteokles ve Polyneikes, taht kavgasına düşmüştür. Polyneikes, Argos'tan bir ordu toplayarak Thebai'de kalan kardeşine saldıracaktır. Oidipus oğullarının ikisinden de tiksinir, kızlarının sadakatini över. Atina kralı Theseus, Oidipus'u ziyarete gelir ve sadece Theseus'un tanık olduğu bir şekilde Oidipus burada vefat eder.

Kaynakça

Yunan mitolojisi kahramanları
Antik Thebai
Kurgusal Yunanlar

Oedipus


Westerborstel er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinden Eider i den nordlige del af Kreis Dithmarschen. Kreis Dithmarschen ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Westerborstel er beliggende umiddelbart vest for Tellingstedt, og de to kommuner går delvist ind over hinanden, idet en del af Tellingstedt, blandt andet landsbyen Rederstall, ligger vest for Westerborstel.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Dithmarschen

Westerborstel


Mozhariski  es un jútor del raión de Timashovsk del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla izquierda del río Nezaimanka, afluente del Beisug, 21 km al noroeste de Timashovsk y 76 km al norte de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 34 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Neizamánovskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Mapa en vlasenko.net .
 Sitio web del municipio .

Localidades del raión de Timashovsk del krai de Krasnodar

Mozhariski


Rolf Ekéus est un diplomate suédois.

Biographie

Il fait partie du Conseil des commissaires de la Commission internationale pour les personnes disparues.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1935
Naissance à Kristinehamn
Haut-Commissaire pour les minorités nationales
Ambassadeur suédois
Ambassadeur de Suède aux États-Unis

Rolf Ekéus


Mauro Nemčanin (18. siječnja 2000.), hrvatski gimnastički reprezentativac. Vježbač je na konju s hvataljkama, a bio je i vježbač na tlu. Član je GK Inova Gim. Iz Osijeka je.

U konkurenciji kadeta i mlađih juniora osvojio je više od 7 zlatnih medalja, pri čemu je dvostruki državni prvak za mlađe juniore za 2013. godinu u disciplinama: vježba na tlu i konj s hvataljkama. Te je godine stekao uvjet za darovitog športaša Hrvatske V kategorije. Smatralo ga se tad da je jedan od najnadarenijih mladih gimnastičara koje je Hrvatska gimnastika ikad imala. Bio je bio kandidat kluba za trofej kuna grada Osijeka za 2013. godinu. Bio je drugi mjesto na Europskom olimpijskom festivalu mladih 2017. godine te juniorski prvak Hrvatske 2016. i 2017. godine. Treneri su Nenad Solar i Saša Solar.

Nakon što se teško ozlijedio Filip Ude, Nemčanin je izabran za hrvatske sudionike Svjetskog prvenstva u Stuttgartu 2019.  na osnovu bodova koje je dobio za plasman na Europskom prvenstvu za juniore godinu prije, 2018. godine. 2019. je postao hrvatski doprvak na konju s hvataljkama, iza hrvatske gimnastičke legende Roberta Seligmana.

Izvori

Hrvatski gimnastičari
Životopisi, Osijek
Šport u Osijeku

Mauro Nemčanin


Anatoli Georgievich Vitouchkine (en , transcription anglaise : Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin ; né le 25 juin 1931 à Moscou où il est mort le 9 mai 2004) est un mathématicien soviétique aveugle connu pour ses travaux en analyse mathématique.

Carrière
Vitushkine entre à l'Université d'État de Moscou en 1949 après avoir obtenu son diplôme de l'École militaire Tula Suvorov, où les mathématiques étaient enseignées dans le cadre d'une formation plus large à de futurs officiers. Il obtient son diplôme en 1954. Il étudie sous Andreï Kolmogorov et a profité de la participation au séminaire animé par Alexander Kronrod .

En 1958, Vitushkine a obtenu son doctorat sous la direction de Kolmogorov (Estimation of the complexity of a tabulation problem). Depuis 1964, il est à l'Institut de mathématiques Steklov de Moscou et enseigne également à l'Université Lomonossov (faculté de mathématiques et de mécanique).

Recherche

Vitushkine travaille en analyse complexe et réelle et en théorie de l'approximation. Une de ses conjectures concernant la sous-additivité de la capacité analytique (un concept de Lars Ahlfors dont Vitushkine a reconnu la fécondité pour la théorie de l'approximation) et publiée dans les Russian Mathematical Surveys en 1967 a été démontrée par Xavier Tolsa en 2003. Une autre conjecture de Vitushkine a été prouvée par Guy David en 1998.

Il a apporté d'importantes contributions au treizième problème de Hilbert en étudiant l'approximation des fonctions continues en plusieurs variables par des fonctions en moins de variables (un problème sur lequel Kolmogorov et son élève Vladimir Arnold ont également travaillé). Il s'est également intéressé à la complexité des algorithmes de calcul des fonctions et de leur approximation.

D'autres travaux concernent la géométrie complexe, notamment les hypersurfaces réelles dans les espaces complexes de dimension supérieure et leur comportement sous les fonctions holomorphes.

Parmi ses élèves, il y a Victor Pan.

Prix et distinctions

En 1976, il est élu membre correspondant de l'Académie des sciences de l'URSS et, en décembre 1991, membre à part entière de l'Académie russe des sciences.

En 1974, il a donné une conférence plénière au Congrès international de mathématiques à Vancouver (Coding of signals with finite spectrum and sound recording problems) et en 1966, il a été invité à prendre la parole à l'ICM de Moscou (Sur la possibilité de représenter une fonction par superposition de fonctions de plus petit nombre de variables). En 2003, il a reçu le  de l'Académie des sciences de Russie.

Pendant de nombreuses années, il est membre du comité de rédaction des Mathematical Notes.

Il meurt à l'âge de 72 ans, à Moscou le 9 mai 2004.

Publications (sélection)

 .

Références

Liens externes

Mathématicien soviétique
Mathématicien russe du XXe siècle
Étudiant de l'université d'État de Moscou
Naissance en juin 1931
Décès en mai 2004
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Décès à 72 ans
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière Troïekourovskoïe

Anatoli Vitushkine


Ekspertgruppen Nordens Sprogråd (ENS) er siden 2009 en ekspertgruppe under Nordisk Ministerråd med den opgave at realisere aftalerne i Helsingforsaftalen fra 1962 og senere aftaler, samt fokusere på sproglig rådgivning, særlig med hensyn til en stærk sprogforståelse hos børn og unge. Rådet består af 10 medlemmer, en fra hver af Danmark, Island, Norge, Sverige, Færøerne, Grønland og Åland, samt to fra Finland (en svensksproget og en finsksproget) og en fra Sametinget.7
Nordens Sprogråd blev oprettet efter nedlæggelsen af Nordisk Sprogråd, der siden 1997 havde som opgave at videreføre det nordiske sprogsamarbejde, der blev koordineret af Nordisk Sprogsekretariat 1978-1996.

Nordens Sprogråd har som opgave at varetage det nordiske sprogsamarbejde med de nordiske sprognævn som centrale partnere. Det skal endvidere arbejde for at styrke nordisk sprogforståelse og sprogbeherskelse, samt kendskabet til Nordens sprog. Rådet skal fremme en demokratisk sprogpolitik og styrke de nordiske sprogs stilling i og uden for Norden. Rådet er forpligtet til at tage udgangspunkt i Nordisk Ministerråds prioriteringer, men kan også tage selvstændige initiativer. Rådet har bl.a. støttet en omfattende undersøgelse af nordisk nabosprogsforståelse og en kortlægning af importen af engelske ord inden for Norden, og arbejdet for at nå frem til en fælles nordisk sprogdeklaration.

Rådet administrerer Nordplusmidlerne til fremme af forskning og undervisning og udgivelser inden for rådets område og har et formelt ansvar for de nordiske lektorer ved udenlandske universiteter.

Referencer

Sprognævn
Nordisk Råd

Nordens Sprogråd


Les gorges du Drac sont des gorges de France situées en Isère, entre Grenoble au nord-ouest et Gap au sud-est, sur le cours du Drac.

Géographie
Elles séparent le Trièves et le massif du Dévoluy au sud-ouest du Beaumont et du massif des Écrins au nord-est.

Activités

Hydroélectricité
Le barrage du Sautet est implanté à l'entrée des gorges qui s'étirent sur environ cinq kilomètres jusqu'au début du lac de retenue du barrage de Saint-Pierre-Cognet.

Escalade
Les gorges du Drac permettent différentes voies d'escalade.

Références

Drac
Drac
Gorges Drac
Trièves

Gorges du Drac


Montana Province (, transliterated: Oblast Montana) is a province in northwestern Bulgaria, bordering Serbia in the southwest and Romania in the north. It spreads its area between the Danube river and the Balkan Mountains. As of February 2011, the province has a population of 148,098 inhabitants, on territory of . It was named after its administrative centre the city of Montana.

Municipalities

The Montana province (Област, oblast) contains 11 municipalities (singular: община, obshtina - plural: Общини, obshtini). The following table shows the names of each municipality in English and in Cyrillic, the main town (in bold) or village, and the population as of 2011.

Demographics
The Montana province had a population of 148,098  according to a 2011 census, of which  were male and  were female.
As of the end of 2009, the population of the province, announced by the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute, numbered 155,899 of which  are inhabitants aged over 60 years.

The following table represents the change of the population in the province after World War II:

Ethnic groups

Total population (2011 census): 148 098

Ethnic groups (2011 census):
Identified themselves: 143 467 persons:
Bulgarians: 123 820 (86,31%)
Romani:   18 228 (12,71%)
Others and indefinable: 1 248 (0,87%)

In the 2001 census, 181,175 people of the population of 182,258 of Montana Province identified themselves as belonging to one of the following ethnic groups (with percentage of total population):

Language
In the 2001 census, 181,208 people of the population of 182,258 of Montana Province identified one of the following as their mother tongue (with percentage of total population):
160,494 Bulgarian (),
19,849 Romani (),
220 Turkish (),
and 645 other ().

Religion

In the 2011 census, 136,175 people of the population of 148,098 of Montana Province identified one of the following as their religion:

In the 2001 census, 172,358 people of the population of 182,258 of Montana Province identified one of the following as their religion:

Towns and villages
The place names in bold have the status of town (in Bulgarian: град, transliterated as grad). Other localities have the status of village (in Bulgarian: село, transliterated as selo). The names of localities are transliterated in Latin alphabet, followed in parentheses by the original name in Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet which links to the corresponding Bulgarian Wikipedia article).

Berkovitsa (Берковица)
The Berkovitsa municipality has one town (in bold) and 19 villages:

 Balyuvitsa (Балювица)
 Barzia (Бързия)
 Berkovitsa (Берковица)
 Bistrilitsa (Бистрилица)
 Bokilovtsi (Бокиловци)
 Borovtsi (Боровци)
 Gaganitsa (Гаганица)
 Komarevo (Комарево)
 Kostentsi (Костенци)
 Kotenovtsi (Котеновци)
 Leskovets (Лесковец)
 Mezdreya (Мездрея)
 Parlichevo (Пърличево)
 Pesochnitsa (Песочница)
 Rashovitsa (Рашовица)
 Slatina (Слатина)
 Chereshovitsa (Черешовица)
 Tsvetkova bara (Цветкова бара)
 Yagodovo (Ягодово)
 Zamfirovo (Замфирово)

Boychinovtsi (Бойчиновци)
The Boychinovtsi municipality has one town (in bold) and 12 villages:

 Beli breg (Бели брег)
 Beli brod (Бели брод)
 Boychinovtsi (Бойчиновци)
 Erden (Ерден)
 Gromshin (Громшин)
 Kobilyak (Кобиляк)
 Lehchevo (Лехчево)
 Madan (Мадан)
 Marchevo (Мърчево)
 Ohrid (Охрид)
 Palilula (Палилула)
 Portitovtsi (Портитовци)
 Vladimirovo (Владимирово)

Brusartsi (Брусарци)
The Brusartsi municipality has one town (in bold) and nine villages:

 Bukovets (Буковец)
 Brusartsi (Брусарци)
 Dabova mahala (Дъбова махала)
 Dondukovo (Дондуково)
 Kiselevo (Киселево)
 Knyazheva mahala (Княжева махала)
 Kriva bara (Крива бара)
 Odorovtsi (Одоровци)
 Smirnenski (Смирненски)
 Vasilovtsi (Василовци)

Chiprovtsi (Чипровци)
The Chiprovtsi municipality has one town (in bold) and nine villages:

 Belimel (Белимел)
 Chelyustnitsa (Челюстница)
 Chiprovtsi (Чипровци)
 Gorna Kovachitsa (Горна Ковачица)
 Gorna Luka (Горна Лука)
 Martinovo (Мартиново)
 Mitrovtsi (Митровци)
 Prevala (Превала)
 Ravna (Равна)
 Zhelezna (Железна)

Georgi Damyanovo (Георги Дамяново)
The Georgi Damyanovo municipality has 13 villages:

 Chemish (Чемиш)
 Dalgi del (Дълги дел)
 Diva Slatina (Дива Слатина)
 Elovitsa (Еловица)
 Gavril Genovo (Гаврил Геново)
 Georgi Damyanovo (Георги Дамяново)
 Glavanovtsi (Главановци)
 Govezhda (Говежда)
 Kamenna Riksa (Каменна Рикса)
 Kopilovtsi (Копиловци)
 Melyane (Меляне)
 Pomezhdin (Помеждин)
 Vidlitsa (Видлица)

Lom (Лом)
The Lom municipality has one town (in bold) and nine villages:

 Dobri dol (Добри дол)
 Dolno Linevo (Долно Линево)
 Kovachitsa (Ковачица)
 Lom (Лом)
 Orsoya (Орсоя)
 Slivata (Сливата)
 Staliyska mahala (Сталийска махала)
 Stanevo (Станево)
 Traykovo (Трайково)
 Zamfir (Замфир)

Medkovets (Медковец)
The Medkovets municipality has five villages:

 Asparuhovo (Аспарухово)
 Medkovets (Медковец)
 Pishurka (Пишурка)
 Rasovo (Расово)
 Slivovik (Сливовик)

Montana (Монтана)
The Montana municipality has one town (in bold) and 23 villages:

 Belotintsi (Белотинци)
 Bezdenitsa (Безденица)
 Blagovo (Благово)
 Doktor Yosifovo (Доктор Йосифово)
 Dolna Riksa (Долна Рикса)
 Dolna Verenitsa (Долна Вереница)
 Dolno Belotintsi (Долно Белотинци)
 Gabrovnitsa (Габровница)
 Gorna Verenitsa (Горна Вереница)
 Gorno Tserovene (Горно Церовене)
 Klisuritsa (Клисурица)
 Krapchene (Крапчене)
 Lipen (Липен)
 Montana (Монтана)
 Nikolovo (Николово)
 Slavotin (Славотин)
 Smolyanovtsi (Смоляновци)
 Stubel (Стубел)
 Studeno buche (Студено буче)
 Sumer (Сумер)
 Trifonovo (Трифоново)
 Vinište (Винище)
 Virove (Вирове)
 Voynitsi (Войници)

Valchedram (Вълчедръм)
The Valchedram municipality has one town (in bold) and ten villages:

 Botevo (Ботево)
 Buzovets (Бъзовец)
 Cherni vrakh (Черни връх)
 Dolni Tsibar (Долни Цибър)
 Gorni Tsibar (Горни Цибър)
 Ignatovo (Игнатово)
 Mokresh (Мокреш)
 Razgrad (Разград)
 Septemvriytsi (Септемврийци)
 Valchedram (Вълчедръм)
 Zlatiya (Златия)

Varshets (Вършец)

The Varshets municipality has one town (in bold), eight villages and one monastery (which has official status as a locality):

 Cherkaski (Черкаски)
 Dolna Bela Rechka (Долна Бела речка)
 Dolno Ozirovo (Долно Озирово)
 Draganitsa (Драганица)
 Klisurski Monastery (Клисурски манастир)
 Gorna Bela Rechka (Горна Бела речка)
 Gorno Ozirovo (Горно Озирово)
 Spanchevtsi (Спанчевци)
 Stoyanovo (Стояново)
 Varshets (Вършец)

Yakimovo (Якимово)
The Yakimovo municipality has four villages:

 Dalgodeltsi (Дългоделци)
 Dolno Tserovene (Долно Церовене)
 Komoshtitsa (Комощица)
 Yakimovo (Якимово)

See also
Provinces of Bulgaria
Municipalities of Bulgaria
List of cities and towns in Bulgaria
List of towns and villages in Montana Province

References

External links

Information and map

Provinces of Bulgaria

Montana Province


Viña 2020 é a 61ª edição do Festival Internacional da Canção de Viña del Mar, realizado entre 23 e 28 de fevereiro de 2020. Foi apresentado por María Luisa Godoy e Martín Cárcamo. É organizado pela Televisión Nacional de Chile, Canal 13 e Fox Channel.

A edição daquele ano se distingue das demais porque foi realizada, apesar do ambiente social e político tenso vivido no Chile desde outubro de 2019, de modo que o evento foi totalmente marcado pela explosão social chilena de 2019.

Artistas

Cantores

 Ricky Martin.
 Pedro Capó.
 Mon Laferte.
 Francisca Valenzuela.
 Ana Gabriel.
 Pimpinela.
 Pablo Alborán.
 Luciano Pereyra.
 Maroon 5
 Alexandre Pires.
  Ozuna.
 Denise Rosenthal.
 Noche de Brujas.

Comediantes

 Stefan Kramer.
 Javiera Contador.
 Ernesto Belloni.
 Fusión Humor.
 Paul Vásquez.
 Pedro Ruminot.

Competências

Competição internacional

 1 º lugar: , Vicente Cifuentes «Chillán».
 2 º lugar: , Johann Vera: «Perdón».
 3 º lugar: , Fran Vázquez: «Bailo con mi sombra».

Competição folclórica

 1 º lugar: , Nahuel Pennisi: «Avanzar».
 2 º lugar: , Soledad del Río: «Somos el Paraíso».
 3 º lugar: , Paula Arenas: «Buena para nada»

Controvérsias

Humor político
Comediantes chilenos como o quarteto "Fusión Humor" ou o humorista e imitador Stefan Kramer fizeram rotinas cômicas rindo de situações polêmicas dentro do cenário político-social vivido no Chile na explosão social. Kramer, considerado um dos comediantes mais famosos do Chile, fez uma apresentação imitando o 'Primera Línea' (coletivo de manifestantes encapuzados, que confrontaram diretamente a polícia, cujo nome em português poderia ser traduzido como 'primeira linha' ou 'linha de frente'), confrontou diretamente a polícia nos protestos.

A organização do festival foi acusada de censura de rotinas humorísticas que zombavam de políticos e do governo do Chile, principalmente do presidente Sebastián Piñera.

Declarações do cantores
A popular cantora e compositora mexicana Ana Gabriel e a cantora chilena Mon Laferte fizeram declarações políticas durante suas apresentações. A cantora chilena criticou as ações de Carabineiros: a polícia chilena, e as ações do governo de Sebastián Piñera. Ela também disse: "É difícil ficar calada quando você sabe o que é passar fome" (em referência aos problemas econômicos da classe mais pobre), entre uma série de pensamentos e ideias que ela expressou ao público ouvindo suas músicas. Além disso, realizou uma coreografia com um grupo de mulheres, apelando às demandas do movimento feminista, como o fim do comportamento machista, o aborto livre, etc.  A apresentação da cantora chilena recebeu 38 denúncias perante o Consejo Nacional de Televisión, órgão público chileno encarregado de controlar o funcionamento dos serviços de televisão, isto por "proselitismo político", "insultar Carabineiros do Chile", "frases vulgares na televisão", entre outras reclamações.

Por sua vez, a cantora mexicana reconheceu que não estava interessada em política, mas lamentava que as pessoas fossem prejudicadas, comparando a situação no Chile com países como Nicarágua, México ou Venezuela, declarações que dividiram opiniões, já que partidários da esquerda (do braço principal da explosão social), criticaram negativamente suas palavras, ao citar países com regimes de esquerda; simpatizantes de direita defenderam suas declarações, pois consideraram a situação no Chile uma verdadeira tragédia; enquanto outras pessoas eram indiferentes ou não conseguiam entender o que ela queria dizer.

Apresentação de Maroon 5
A apresentação da banda começou com 29 minutos de atraso, e foi descrita como "medíocre" por veículos da imprensa, dentro e fora do Chile. A BBC disse que Adam Levine se apresentou "sem entusiasmo e desafinado", além de o desapontamento dos fãs aumentou quando um vídeo, vazado após a apresentação, mostra o cantor irritado e dizendo que "eles foram enganados", que aquele era um concerto para a televisão e que Viña del Mar era uma "cidade de merda". Isso gerou uma onda de rejeição por parte do público, devido ao desrespeito por parte do líder da banda. Posteriormente, Levine se desculpou pelo incidente no Instagram.  A performance da banda no evento foi marcada por dificuldades técnicas.

Ligações externas

 O Festival com os olhos de um estrangeiro (em inglês)
 História do Festival de Viña por EMOL.com(em castelhano)

Festival Internacional da Canção de Viña del Mar
Manifestações e protestos no Chile

Festival Internacional da Canção de Viña del Mar 2020


Damlos er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Lensahn under Kreis Østholsten. Kreis Østholsten ligger i den østlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Damlos er beliggende i et område med skove og enge omkring 5 km nord for Lensahn. Omkring 7 km nord for Damlos ligger Oldenburg in Holstein.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Østholsten

Damlos


Emily Schultz, née en  à Toronto, en Ontario, est une auteure de romans, de nouvelles, de poésie et d'essais. Elle vit présentement à Brooklyn, aux États-Unis.

Biographie

Emily Schultz fait des études de littérature anglaise à l'Université de Windsor, en Ontario.

En 2008, elle cofonde avec Brian J. Davis le magazine littéraire Joyland qui a pour but de présenter des voix qui se démarquent sur le plan littéraire. Elle publie de nombreux textes dans les magazines Elle, Bustle, The Walrus, Black Warrior Review, The Fanzine, At Length, Animal, and Prairie Schooner. Elle est l'animatrice du balado Truth and Fiction.

Elle est professeure de littérature à l'Université de Toronto.

En 2005, Emily Schultz publie une biographie du cinéaste Michael Moore. La même année, elle fait paraître un recueil de poésie intitulé Songs for the Dancing Chicken.

Elle publie le roman Joyland, en 2006, roman pour lequel elle atteindra de nombreuses ventes sur le web en 2013 en raison d'une erreur de la part des acheteurs qui pensaient alors se procurer le dernier livre de Stephen King qui avait le même titre. L'auteure en a donc profité pour créer le blogue Spending the Stephen King Money qui raconte les détails entourant ce malentendu.

En 2009, elle publie son second roman, Heaven is small, une satire que lui a inspiré son travail de réviseuse pour Harlequin.

Son roman The Blondes, traduit en français aux éditions Alto en 2014, raconte l'histoire d'Hezel, enceinte de son directeur de thèse. Ne souhaitant pas garder le bébé, elle voudrait avorter, mais survient une pandémie dans laquelle seules les blondes sont victimes d'un virus, pandémie qui l'empêche de procéder à l'avortement. Les blondes deviennent des tueuses en série et la protagoniste tente donc d'échapper à ces criminelles. Emily Schultz a également adapté ce roman en balado. Elle a travaillé à la scénarisation de son roman pour la chaîne de télévision AMC.

Son roman Men walking on water sorti en 2017 campe une série de personnages dans le Détroit de 1927 : un groupe de contrebandiers, une jeune mère qui devient criminelle, un prédicateur pentecôtiste qui utilise son église pour financer son opération de contrebande et une femme canadienne-française à la tête d'un bordel appartenant à des gangsters.

Œuvres

Romans

 Heaven is small, Toronto, House of Anansi Press, 2009, 250 p.
 Joyland, Toronto, ECW Press, 2011, 295 p.
 The blondes, Toronto, Doubleday Canada, 2012, 386 p.
Les blondes, Québec, Éditions Alto, 2014, 501 p.
Men walking on water, Toronto, Knopf Canada, 2017, 551 p.
Little threats, New York, G. P. Putnam's and sons, 2020, 366 p.

Nouvelles

 Black coffee night, Toronto, Insomniac Press, 2002, 157 p.

Poésie

 Songs for the Dancing Chicken, Toronto, ECW Press, 2005, 132 p.

Essais

 Michael Moore, a biography, Toronto, ECW Press, 2005, 245 p.
 Michael Moore: une biographie, traduit de l'anglais par Claude Dallaire, Montréal, Bayard Canada, 278 p.
How Xena changed my life, Toronto, ECW Press,

Collaborations

 Much Master T, collaboration avec Tony Young et Dalton Higgins, Toronto, ECW Press,
 Outskirts : women writing from small places, Toronto, Sumach Press, 2002, 151 p.

Prix et honneurs

 2009 : Nominée au Trillium Book Award pour Songs for the Dancing Chicken
 2009 : Nominée au Trillium Book Award pour Heaven is small
 2015 : Best book of 2015 par NPR
 2015 : Best popular fiction of 2015 par Kirkus

Notes et références

Voir aussi

articles connexes

 Éditions Alto
 Michael Moore
 Stephen King

Liens externes
 Site de l'auteure
Emily Schultz sur le site des Éditions Alto
Balado Les Blondes
Blogue de l'auteure

Femme de lettres canadienne
Poétesse canadienne
Romancière canadienne
Naissance à Toronto
Naissance en 1974
Étudiant de l'Université de Windsor
Professeur de littérature anglaise
Essayiste canadien
Écrivain suivi par le projet Arts littéraires québécois

Emily Schultz


Prisoners of the Sun () is the fourteenth volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. The story was serialised weekly in the newly established Tintin magazine from September 1946 to April 1948. Completing an arc begun in The Seven Crystal Balls, the story tells of young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy, and friend Captain Haddock as they continue their efforts to rescue the kidnapped Professor Calculus by travelling through Andean villages, mountains, and rain forests, before finding a hidden Inca civilisation.

Prisoners of the Sun was a commercial success and was published in book form by Casterman the year following its conclusion. Hergé continued The Adventures of Tintin with Land of Black Gold, while the series itself became a defining part of the Franco-Belgian comics tradition. The story was adapted for the 1969 Belvision film Tintin and the Temple of the Sun, the 1991 Ellipse/Nelvana animated series The Adventures of Tintin, the 1992–1993 BBC Radio 5 dramatisation of the Adventures, the 1997 video game of the same name, and a 2001 musical in Dutch and French versions.

Synopsis
The synopsis continues a plot begun in The Seven Crystal Balls.

Young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy, and friend Captain Haddock arrive in Callao, Peru. There, they plan to intercept the arrival of the Pachacamac, a ship carrying their friend Professor Calculus, who is being held by kidnappers. Unfortunately, the ship has to be in quarantine for three weeks, due to reports of infectious disease on board. Suspecting the quarantine is staged, Tintin sneaks aboard the ship that night and learns from Chiquito, the former assistant of General Alcazar and one of the abductors, that Calculus is to be executed for wearing a bracelet belonging to the mummified Incan king Rascar Capac.

Tintin barely escapes the ship with his life, and he and Haddock alert the authorities; but the abductors evade the police and take Calculus to the Andes mountains. Tintin and Haddock pursue them to the mountain town of Jauga, where they board a train that is sabotaged in an attempt to kill them. When they attempt to investigate the whereabouts of Calculus, the local Indios prove to be peculiarly tight-lipped—that is, until Tintin defends a young Quechua boy named Zorrino from being bullied by two Spaniard men. A mysterious man observes this act of kindness and gives Tintin a medallion, telling him that it will save him from danger. Zorrino informs Tintin that Calculus has been taken to the Temple of the Sun, which lies deep within the Andes, and offers to take them there.

After many hardships – including being pursued by four Indios who try their best to leave them stranded or dead, and finding their way through the snowy mountains and the jungle beyond – Tintin, Haddock, and Zorrino reach the Temple of the Sun, a surviving outpost of the Inca civilisation. They are brought before the Prince of the Sun, flanked by Chiquito and Huascar, the mysterious man Tintin encountered in Jauga. Zorrino is saved from harm when Tintin gives him Huascar's medallion, but Tintin and Haddock are sentenced to death by the Inca prince for their sacrilegious intrusion. The prince tells them they may choose the hour that Pachacamac, the Sun god, will set alight the pyre on which they will be executed.

Tintin and Haddock end up on the same pyre as Calculus. However, Tintin has chosen the hour of their death to coincide with a solar eclipse, and through play-acting he convinces the terrified Incas that he can command the Sun. The Inca prince implores Tintin to make the Sun show its light again. At Tintin's "command", the Sun returns, and the three are quickly set free. Afterwards, the Prince of the Sun tells them that the seven crystal balls used on the Sanders-Hardiman expedition members, who had excavated Rascar Capac's tomb, contained a "mystic liquid" obtained from coca that plunged them into a deep sleep. Each time the Inca high priest cast his spell over seven wax figures of the explorers, he could use them as he willed as punishment for their sacrilege. Tintin convinces the Inca prince that the explorers acted in good faith, as they only intended to make known to the world the splendours of the Inca civilisation. The Inca prince orders Chiquito to destroy the wax figures, and at that moment in Belgium, the seven explorers awaken in surprise. After swearing an oath to keep the temple's existence a secret, Tintin, Haddock and Calculus head home, while Zorrino remains with the Inca, having accepted an offer to live among them. Meanwhile, Thomson and Thompson's plan to find Tintin and his friends with Calculus' pendulum leads them on a wild goose chase around the world.

History

Background

Amidst the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, Hergé had accepted a position working for , the largest circulation French-language daily newspaper in the country. Confiscated from its original owners, the German authorities permitted  to reopen under the directorship of Belgian editor Raymond de Becker, although it remained firmly under Nazi control, supporting the German war effort and espousing anti-Semitism. Joining  on 15 October 1940, Hergé was aided by old friend Paul Jamin and the cartoonist Jacques Van Melkebeke. Some Belgians were upset that Hergé was willing to work for a newspaper controlled by the then occupying Nazi administration, although he was heavily impressed by the size of '''s readership, which reached 600,000. Faced with the reality of Nazi oversight, Hergé abandoned the overt political themes that had pervaded much of his earlier work, instead adopting a policy of neutrality. Without the need to satirise political types, entertainment producer and author Harry Thompson observed that "Hergé was now concentrating more on plot and on developing a new style of character comedy. The public reacted positively".

As with two previous stories, The Secret of the Unicorn and Red Rackham's Treasure, Hergé developed the idea of a twofold story arc, resulting in the two-part The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun. Hergé planned for the former story to outline a mystery, while the latter would see his characters undertake an expedition to solve it. His use of an ancient mummy's curse around which the narrative revolved was inspired by tales of a curse of the pharaohs which had been unearthed during the archaeologist Howard Carter's 1922 discovery of Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb. This was not the first time that Hergé had been inspired by this tabloid story, having previously drawn from it when authoring Cigars of the Pharaoh.

The story began serialisation in  under the title of  on 16 December 1943. It was, however, interrupted on 2 September 1944, as Brussels was liberated from German occupation by the Allied forces on 3 September, upon which  immediately ceased publication. Hergé had been forced to abandon the story after 152 strips, equivalent to fifty pages of the later published book volume. The story had been left unfinished after the scene in which Tintin leaves the hospital where he sees the seven members of the expedition enduring a simultaneous fit. Three days later the entire staff were fired and a new editorial team introduced. In October 1945, Hergé was approached by Raymond Leblanc, a former member of a conservative Resistance group, the National Royalist Movement (MNR), and his associates André Sinave and Albert Debaty. The trio were planning on launching a weekly magazine for children. Leblanc, who had fond childhood memories of Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, thought Hergé would be ideal for it. Hergé agreed, and Leblanc obtained clearance papers for him, allowing him to work.

Influences

Hergé had adopted the idea of a person abducted into a lost Incan city from Gaston Leroux's 1912 novel, The Bride of the Sun, in which the idea of a solar eclipse also appeared. In turn, the idea of European explorers discovering a lost city had been found in both H. Rider Haggard's She: A History of Adventure (1887) and Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916). His use of the eclipse may also have been influenced by accounts claiming that Christopher Columbus subdued a revolt of indigenous groups in Jamaica in 1503 using knowledge of a lunar eclipse that had been predicted by Giovanni Muller's 1474 calendar.

Hergé's principal source of information about the Andes was Charles Wiener's 1880 book Pérou et Bolivie ("Peru and Bolivia"), which contained 1,100 engravings from which Hergé could base his own illustrations. In this way, small details about Andean costume and material culture were accurately copied. Part of the ceremonial costume worn by the Incan priest was based upon a colour painting of Mexican Aztecs produced by Else Bostelmann for the National Geographic Society which Hergé had a copy of in his files. He ensured that his depiction of the Peruvian trains was accurate by basing them upon examples found in a two-volume picture encyclopedia of railways published by Librarie Hachette in 1927.

Hergé sent his assistant, Edgar P. Jacobs, to the Cinquantenaire Museum to study its collections of Incan material, and also used Jacobs as a model for several of the poses that characters adopt in the story. He had a striped poncho specially made, which he then asked Jacobs to model.
Hergé later concluded that the scene in which Tintin hoodwinked the Inca with his knowledge of the sun was implausible, suggesting that solar worshipers with a keen knowledge of astronomy like the Inca would have been well aware of the sun and its eclipses.

PublicationPrisoners of the Sun was the first of The Adventures of Tintin to be serialised in its entirety in the new Tintin magazine. On the magazine's launch day of 26 September 1946, readers who had been without Tintin for two years now received two pages per week in full colour under the title  (The Temple of the Sun). It began on what is now page 50 of the previous book The Seven Crystal Balls and included two pages outlining the crystal ball mystery, presented as if it were a press cutting. With Jacobs, Hergé completed the cover of the first issue and finished off The Seven Crystal Balls prior to embarking on Prisoners of the Sun, although Hergé included both under the title of The Temple of the Sun. To lessen his workload, a portion of the two pages of Hergé's strip was an explanatory block of text about Inca society, titled "Qui étaient les Incas?" ("Who were the Incas?"). Covering issues such as geography, history, and religion, each block was signed in Tintin's name.

In May 1947, Hergé and Jacobs ended their partnership of nearly four years after an argument. When requested by Hergé to work with him full-time on Prisoners of the Sun, Jacobs agreed to do so on the condition that he be credited as co-creator of the new Adventures of Tintin. Hergé, however, had grown jealous of the immediate success of Jacobs' other contribution to Tintin magazine, The Secret of the Swordfish (the first entry in his Blake and Mortimer series), and was concerned about his colleague's reputation overshadowing his own. He denied the request, claiming that his publisher, Casterman, would never agree to the shared credit. Although biographer Pierre Assouline described the separation as "friendly", a "barely suppressed bitterness" remained between the two men.

On 17 June 1947, serialisation of the story paused after Hergé disappeared. Doctors diagnosed him as suffering from a mental breakdown as a result of overwork, and to recover he spent time in retreat at the Abbey of Notre-Dame-de-Scourmont. In a letter to his wife Germaine, Hergé wrote: "Life has spoilt me ... I no longer draw like I breathe, as I used to not so long ago. Tintin is no longer me ... my Boy Scout spirit has been badly damaged". He followed this with a holiday to Gland on Lake Geneva, Switzerland with Germaine. Editors of Tintin magazine posted a sarcastic notice in the magazine stating that "our friend Hergé is in need of a rest. Oh, don't worry, he's fine. But in refusing to marshal his forces to bring you a new episode of The Temple of the Sun each week, our friend is a little over-worked". He disappeared again in early 1948, this time for six weeks, again to Gland, but according to Assouline, he was accompanied by a young, married woman with whom he was having an extra-marital affair. Angered by his absence, the editorial board decided to command other artists and writers to continue the story, a threat which made Hergé return to work.

While writing Prisoners of the Sun, Hergé decided that he wanted to move to Argentina, and focused his attention on completing all outstanding commissions so that he could focus on his emigration. He enlisted the aid of Van Melkebeke, Guy Dessicy, and Frans Jageneau to help finish Prisoners; they gathered at his home on the Avenue Delleur and produced many of the backgrounds within the story. He also employed his friend Bernard Heuvelmans to help devise the ending of the story; he paid Heuvelmans 43,000 Belgian francs for doing so.
Ultimately, Hergé changed his mind about moving to Argentina for reasons that remain unknown. Serialisation of Prisoners of the Sun culminated on 22 April 1948. As with previous adventures, the title had also been serialised in the French Catholic newspaper Cœurs Vaillants, from 30 November 1947.

Republication
After the story arc finished serialisation, Casterman divided it into two volumes,  and , which they released in 1948 and 1949 respectively. To fit into the 62-page format, a number of scenes were deleted from the story's publication in book form. These included a scene in which Tintin chases away a cat aboard the Pachacamac, slapstick gags featuring Thomson and Thompson, Haddock drawing a picture of Tintin on a wall, Haddock chewing coca provided by Zorrino, Tintin shooting a jaguar, and Haddock discovering gold nuggets under the Temple of the Sun but being unable to take them back with him. British Tintin expert Michael Farr noted that none of these scenes were "integral to the narrative", and that their removal improved its structure. The reformatting also led to an error in the depiction of the solar eclipse. In the original magazine serialisation, Hergé had depicted the moon moving across the sun in the correct direction for the Southern Hemisphere; for the book publication, the drawings had been altered, with the moon now moving in the incorrect direction.

The book was banned by the Peruvian authorities because, in the map of South America contained within it, a region whose ownership was disputed by Peru and Ecuador was shown as being part of the latter country.

Critical analysis

Michael Farr described both The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun as "classic middle-period Tintin", commenting on their "surprisingly well-balanced narrative" and the fact that they exhibited scant evidence of Hergé's turbulent personal life. He felt that the inclusion of paranormal elements to the story did nothing to make the narrative less convincing, and observes Hergé's recurring depiction of his character's disturbing dreams. Farr opined that the Inca costumes were drawn with "a care and flamboyance that would do great credit to a major opera house production", while the Andean landscapes were "worthy of a Cecil B. DeMille film spectacular". Hergé biographer Benoît Peeters noted that Prisoner of the Sun was one of the Adventures to have "most caught the imagination", something that he attributed to its "exceptional setting or the strength of the plot".

Harry Thompson noted that, like Red Rackham's Treasure, Prisoners of the Sun was "an epic journey conditioned by the suspense of not knowing what will happen at the end"; although he thought that, unlike Red Rackham's Treasure, it "successfully transfers the fear of its unknown adversaries from the first part of the adventure into the second". He also thought that, despite all the tribulations Hergé faced while creating it, "the pacing, the retention of suspense right to the end, and the fine balance of humour and drama" do not betray the story's troubled development.

Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier believed that the two-story arc represents "one more leap forward in Hergé's graphic and narrative skills" as a result of the transition to full colour double pages as the initial means of publication. They thought that this improvement was particularly evident in the scenes of the trek through the Andes in Prisoners of the Sun. They stated that with Prisoners of the Sun, the story had switched into "Hitchcockian thriller mode", a similar technique that Hergé had adopted into a number of previous adventures. They described the character of Zorrino as "basically a Peruvian version" of Chang Chong-Chen, a character introduced to the series in The Blue Lotus. They described the story as "a philosophical parable, perhaps a hidden reflection of Hergé's spiritual yearnings"; in this way anticipating the themes that he would make use of in Tintin in Tibet. Ultimately, they awarded both halves of the story arc five out of five.

Literary critic Tom McCarthy identified elements within the story that he believed reflected recurring themes within The Adventures of Tintin. He thought that the appearance of Rascar Capac's jewels reflected Hergé's use of jewellery as a theme throughout the series, and that the scene in which Tintin commands the sun god to do his bidding reflects a wider theme throughout the series in which "sacred authority" manifests through voice. The scene in which Haddock causes an avalanche of snow by sneezing reflected what McCarthy considered a wider theme of the danger of sound, while Zorrino's decision to stay among the Inca was interpreted as a reflection of a wider theme of adoption. Commenting on the execution scene, McCarthy believed that it represented Haddock being "sacrificed on the altar of his own illegitimacy", a concept that he felt had been echoed throughout the series.

In his psychoanalytical study of the Adventures of Tintin, the literary critic Jean-Marie Apostolidès believed that The Seven Crystal Balls–Prisoners of the Sun arc reflects a confrontation between civilisations, and between the sacred and the secular. He described the Quechuan society depicted by Hergé as a "totalitarian theocracy", noting that the Tintin of Tintin in the Land of the Soviets and Tintin in the Congo would have approved of such a political system. He then drew comparisons between the Incan Prince of the Sun and the Syldavian King Muskar XII in King Ottokar's Sceptre, noting that in both the monarch is threatened by losing a treasured cultural artefact to foreigners. Apostolidès also believed that the eclipse scene reflects a change in the power relations between the sacrificed (Tintin) and the sacrificer (the Inca prince). Commenting on Tintin's dream sequence in which he dreams of Calculus and Haddock, Apostolidès believed that it reflected a "latent homosexual desire", comparing it with the dream sequence in The Crab with the Golden Claws.

Adaptations
In 1969, the animation company Belvision Studios, which had produced the 1956–57 television series Hergé's Adventures of Tintin, released its first feature-length animated film, Tintin and the Temple of the Sun, adapted from the Seven Crystal Balls-Prisoners of the Sun story arc. Produced by Raymond Leblanc and directed by Eddie Lateste, it was written by Lateste, the cartoonist Greg, Jos Marissen, and Laszló Molnár. Music was by François Rauber and Zorrino's song was composed by Jacques Brel.

In 1991, a second animated series based upon The Adventures of Tintin was produced, this time as a collaboration between the French studio Ellipse and the Canadian animation company Nelvana. Prisoners of the Sun was the twelfth story to be adapted and was divided into two thirty-minute episodes. Directed by Stéphane Bernasconi, the series has been praised for being "generally faithful" to the original comics, to the extent that the animation was directly adopted from Hergé's original panels.

In 1997, the French company Infogrames released a video game based on The Seven Crystal Balls-Prisoners of the Sun story arc, titled Prisoners of the Sun.

In 2001, The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun were adapted into a theatrical musical, Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (Tintin – The Temple of the Sun), which premiered in Dutch at the Stadsschouwburg in Antwerp, Belgium, on 15 September. Adapted for the stage by Seth Gaaikema and Frank Van Laecke, the production was directed by Dirk de Caluwé and included music by Dirk Brossé, featuring Tom Van Landuyt in the role of Tintin. Didier Van Cauwelaert adapted the musical into French, and it then premiered a year later in Charleroi as Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil. From there, the production was scheduled for Paris in 2003 but was cancelled. It returned for a brief run in Antwerp on 18 October 2007.

In 2018, it was reported that Prisoners of the Sun would be the basis for the sequel to 2011's The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn,'' which was directed by Steven Spielberg with Peter Jackson as executive producer. For the second film, Jackson and Spielberg would switch roles, with Jackson directing. Since then, however, apart from reassurances from both Spielberg and Jackson that the film would be forthcoming, there has been no news about its production.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
Prisoners of the Sun at the Official Tintin Website
Prisoners of the Sun at Tintinologist.org

1949 graphic novels
Comics adapted into video games
Comics set in Peru
Comics set in jungles
Literature first published in serial form
Methuen Publishing books
Prejudice in fiction
Tintin books
Works originally published in Tintin (magazine)
Lost world comics

Prisoners of the Sun


José Pedro Céa (d. 1 Eylül 1900 - ö. 18 Eylül 1970), Uruguay'ın kazandığı 1930 FIFA Dünya Kupası ve 1950 FIFA Dünya Kupası'nda en önemli gol silahlarındandı. Arjantin ile oynanan final maçında 57. dakikada attığı golle durumu 2-2'ye getirdi ve kupanın Uruguay'a gitmesine yardımcı oldu. 1924 Paris Olimpiyatları'nda ve 1928 Amsterdam Olimpiyatları'nda Uruguay ile altın madalya kazandı. Nacional kulübüyle birkaç tane Uruguay Lig Şampiyonluğu'nu kazandı. 18 Eylül 1970 tarihinde, 70 yaşındayken hayata gözlerini yumdu.

1900 doğumlular
1970 yılında ölenler
Uruguaylı futbolcular
Uruguaylı teknik direktörler
Uruguay millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
FIFA Dünya Kupası kazanan futbolcular
Uruguaylı Olimpiyat futbolcuları
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı Uruguaylı sporcular
1923 Güney Amerika Şampiyonası futbolcuları
1924 Güney Amerika Şampiyonası futbolcuları
1924 Yaz Olimpiyatları futbolcuları
1928 Yaz Olimpiyatları futbolcuları
1929 Güney Amerika Şampiyonası futbolcuları
1930 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Uruguay millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
Copa América kazanan teknik direktörler
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı futbolcular

Pedro Cea


Microsoft Dynamics NAV, Microsoft'un Microsoft Dynamics ürün ailesine bağlı bir yazılımıdır. Türkiye'de her ne kadar küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler için konumlandırılmış olsa da, orta ve büyük işletmelerin tüm iş süreçlerini yönetebilecekleri bir kurumsal kaynak planlama yazılımıdır.

Türkiye mevzuatına uygun tüm geliştirmeleri kendi içerisinde barındıran Microsoft Dynamics Nav aynı zamanda iş ortaklarının dikey çözüm olarak geliştirdiği modüller ile her sektörden işletmenin süreçlerini yönetmesine yardımcı olmaktadır.

Microsoft Dynamics NAV'in öne çıkan özelliklerinde birisi, açık kaynak kodlu ve kolay uygulama geliştirilebilir olmasıdır. Diğer ERP yazılımlarına oranla daha kısa sürede uygulanabilir olması sebebi ile de tercih edilen bir ERP yazılımıdır.

Microsoft Dynamics NAV'in son sürümü 2018'dir. Bu sürüm ile platform bağımsız olarak web istemci, cep telefonu ve tablet üzerinden çalışmaktadır.

İçinde bulundurduğu modülleri:

 Finans Yönetimi
 Kambiyo Senetleri
 Satış ve Pazarlama
 Satın alma
 Ambar Yönetimi
 Üretim
 Servis Yönetimi
 İnsan Kaynakları
 Ücret Bordrosu

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi bilgisunar sayfası

NAV
Muhasebe
Microsoft'un satın almaları
KKP yazılımları

Microsoft Dynamics NAV


William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (W. E. B. DuBois) (født 23. februar 1868 i Great Barrington i Massachusetts, død 27. august 1963 i Accra i Ghana) var en amerikansk sociolog, historiker, borgerretsforkæmper, forfatter og redaktør.

DuBois fik eksamen fra Harvard University, hvor han tog sin doktorgrad i historie som den første afro-amerikaner fra dette universitet. Senere blev DuBois professor i historie og økonomi ved Atlanta University. Som leder af The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) i 1910, var DuBois også grundlægger og redaktør for NAACP's tidsskrift, The Crisis.

DuBois' forældre var Alfred Du Bois og Mary Silvina Burghardt Du Bois. Han voksede op i Great Barrington, som hovedsagelig er en anglo-amerikansk by i Massachusetts. Deres familie stammede fra nederlandske og afrikanske forfædre. Tom Burghardt, en slave (født i Vestafrika omkring 1730), fik sin frihed ved tjeneste i 1780 under den amerikanske revolution som menig soldat i kaptajn John Spoors kompagni. Ifølge DuBois var flere af hans moders forfædre specielt involverede i hjemstedets lokalhistorie.

Hans fader Alfred Du Bois kom fra Haiti, og han var af afrikansk afstamning. Hans bedstefader var doktor James Du Bois, som boede i Poughkeepsie, New York. DuBois' familie blev belønnet med omfattende landområder på Bahamas for deres støtte til den britiske konge Georg 3. under den amerikanske revolution. Alfred Du Bois og hans kone Mary Silvina Burghardt giftede sig den 5. februar 1867 i Housatonic i Massachusetts. Familien flyttede mange gange og overlevede hovedsagelig ved hjælp af penge fra familiemedlemmer, DuBois' ekstraarbejder og forskellige tilfældige jobs. I 1940, ved Atlanta University, grundlagde DuBois Phylon Magazine og var en produktiv forfatter og skrev 22 bøger. Fem var romaner. Han bidrog til at etablere fire faglige tidsskrifter.

Du Bois begyndte at skrive om sociologi og kriminalitet i 1897 kort tid efter sin doktorgrad fra Harvard. Han var måske den første amerikanske kriminolog, der kombinerede historiske fakta med dybe sociale ændringer, og han anvendte denne kombination til at postulere mange af sine teorier. Du Bois blev tidligt medlem af Alpha Phi Alpha, det første broderskab af afro-amerikanere, og som havde fokus på de borgerrettigheder, som de mente, at afro-amerikanere havde krav på.

Du Bois blev imponeret af den voksende styrke i det kejserlige Japan efter den japanske sejr i den russisk-japanske krig i september 1905. Du Bois anså den japanske sejr over Zarrusland som et eksempel på "de farvedes stolthed". I løbet af 1936 besøgte DuBois også Nazi-Tyskland. Han bemærkede senere, at han havde mødt mere respekt blandt akademikerne, som han havde mødt i Tyskland, end han plejede at møde fra hvide, amerikanske kolleger. Da han returnerede til USA, udtrykte han sin ambivalens angående det nationalsocialistiske regime. Samtidig med, at han viste dyb beundring for, hvordan nationalsocialisterne havde forbedret den tyske økonomi i mellemkrigstiden, var han forfærdet over deres behandling af jøderne.

Den 27. august 1963 døde Du Bois under en rejse med sin kone i Accra, i en alder af 95 år, blot én dag før Martin Luther King skulle holde sin berømte "Jeg har en drøm"-tale. Du Bois blev gravlagt på DuBois Memorial Centre i Accra i Ghana. Du Bois var gift to gange: først med Nina Gomer Du Bois i 1896. Dette ægteskab varede til 1950. I sit første ægteskab fik han to børn.

Du Bois var ven med Franklin D. Roosevelt og deltog som officielt indbudt observatør, da FN oprettedes i San Francisco i 1945.

Du Bois var en stor inspirationskilde for Malcolm X.

Referencer

Forfattere fra USA
Afroamerikanske forfattere
Sociologer fra USA
Redaktører i USA
Modtagere af Lenins fredspris
Alumi fra Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Personer fra Berkshire County

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois


An Pseudosasa pubiflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Yi Li Keng, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Keng f., De Zhu Li och L.M.Gao. An Pseudosasa pubiflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pseudosasa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pseudosasa

Pseudosasa pubiflora


Notas Tirãonianas () são um conjunto de milhares de sinais que foram usados anteriormente em um sistema de taquigrafia (taquigrafia Tirãoniana) que data do século I aC e recebeu o nome do inventor Tirão, secretário pessoal de Marco Túlio Cícero.  O sistema de Tirão consistia em cerca de 4.000 sinais, estendido para 5.000 sinais por outros. Durante o período medieval, o sistema de notação de Tirão foi ensinado nos mosteiros europeus e expandido para um total de cerca de 13.000 sinais.  O uso de notas Tirãonianas declinou depois de 1100, mas durou até o século XVII. Alguns sinais Tirãonianos ainda são usados hoje.

História

Desenvolvimento
Antes de a taquigrafia Tirãoniana se popularizar, explica o professor de literatura Anthony Di Renzo, "não existia nenhuma verdadeira taquigrafia latina". A única forma sistematizada de abreviatura em latim foi usada para notações jurídicas (). Esse sistema, no entanto, era deliberadamente obscuro e acessível apenas a pessoas com conhecimento especializado. Caso contrário, a taquigrafia foi improvisada para tomar notas ou escrever comunicações pessoais e essas notações não seriam compreendidas fora dos círculos fechados. Algumas abreviaturas de palavras e frases latinas eram comumente reconhecidas, como aquelas inscritas em monumentos.

Estudiosos acreditam que Marco Túlio Cícero (106-43 AC) reconheceu a necessidade de um sistema de notação latino padrão abrangente depois de aprender sobre os meandros do sistema grego de taquigrafia e delegou a tarefa de criar este novo sistema ao seu escravo e secretário pessoal Tirão. A posição de Tirão exigia que ele transcrevesse com rapidez e precisão os ditados de Cícero, como discursos, correspondência profissional e pessoal e transações comerciais, às vezes enquanto caminhava pelo fórum ou durante procedimentos governamentais e legais em ritmo acelerado e contencioso.  Apelidado de "o pai da estenografia" pelos historiadores,  Tirão desenvolveu um método altamente refinado e preciso que usava letras latinas e símbolos abstratos representados preposições, palavras truncadas, contrações, sílabas e inflexões. De acordo com Di Renzo: "Tirão então combinou esses sinais mistos como notas em uma partitura para registrar não apenas frases, mas, como Cícero se maravilha em uma carta a Atticus, 'frases inteiras'"  O método altamente refinado e preciso de Tirão tornou-se o primeiro sistema padronizado e amplamente adotado de taquigrafia latina.  O sistema consistia em abreviaturas e símbolos abstratos, que foram inventados por Tirão ou emprestados da taquigrafia grega.

Controvérsia
Dião Cássio atribui a invenção da taquigrafia a Mecenas e afirma que empregou seu liberto Áquila para ensinar o sistema a muitos outros.

Não há cópias sobreviventes do manual e código original de Tirão, então o conhecimento dele é baseado em registros biográficos e cópias de tabelas tironianas do período medieval.  Os historiadores normalmente datam a invenção do sistema de tironiano como 63 AC, quando foi usado pela primeira vez em negócios oficiais do governo de acordo com Plutarco em sua biografia de Catão, o Jovem, em As Vidas dos Nobres Gregos e Romanos.  Antes que o sistema de Tiro fosse institucionalizado, ele mesmo o usava enquanto o desenvolvia e o ajustava, o que os historiadores suspeitam que possa ter ocorrido no ano 75 AC, quando Cícero ocupava um cargo público na Sicília e precisava que suas notas e correspondências fossem escritas em código para proteger informações confidenciais que ele havia coletado sobre corrupção entre outros funcionários do governo local.

Uso na Idade Média
Na Idade Média, a taquigrafia de Tirão era frequentemente usada em combinação com outras abreviações e os símbolos originais foram expandidos para 14.000 símbolos durante a dinastia carolíngia, mas rapidamente caiu em desuso quando a taquigrafia tornou-se associada à feitiçaria e magia e foi esquecida até que o interesse foi reacendido por Thomas Becket, arcebispo de Canterbury, no século XII.  No século XV, Johannes Trithemius, abade da abadia beneditina de Sponheim, na Alemanha, descobriu as notas Benenses: um salmo e um léxico ciceroniano escrito em taquigrafia Tirãoniana.

Atualmente

Alguns símbolos tironianos ainda são usados hoje, particularmente o tironiano  (⁊), usado na Irlanda e Escócia para significar 'e' (onde é chamado  em irlandês e   em gaélico escocês), e no z de viz.

Veja também

 Sinal Tirãoniano
 Taquigrafia

Referências

Tipografia
Estenografia

Notas tironianas


Les Miseroni était une famille milanaise d'artisan lapidaires, de joailliers et tailleurs de pierres précieuses. Ils obtinrent une reconnaissance internationale au milieu du  et fournirent à l'époque la grande noblesse européenne. Deux ateliers principaux existaient, l'originale était à Milan et un second atelier fut créé à Prague en 1588 à la suite du mécénat des Habsbourg.

L'atelier de Milan
Les Miseroni étaient déjà des orfèvres milanais reconnus au  avec Bernardo et Andrea Longhi de Leucho. Leur neveu, Girolamo Miseroni, introduisit la cristallerie à l'atelier, et avec son frère, Gasparo, ils devinrent célèbres pour leur maîtrise de la taille de pierre semi-précieuse à partir de la seconde moitié du . On comptait parmi leurs clients, les Habsbourg , , mais aussi les Medicis avec  à Florence, ou encore la Maison de Gonzague avec .

La branche milanaise perdit sa réputation au début du , et disparut des archives après 1633.

Artisans notables
 Giovanni Francesco Miseroni (1453), première mention dans les archives
 Ambrogio Matteo Miseroni, orfèvre à Milan
 Gasparo Miseroni (1518-73), fils d'Ambrogio
 Girolamo Miseroni (1522-1584), second fils d'Ambrogio
 Giulio Miseroni (1559-1593), fils de Girolamo, il travailla en Espagne à partir de 1582.

L'atelier de Prague
Vers 1576,  fit venir quatre des fils de Girolamo Miseroni à Prague et nomma Ottavio Miseroni lapidaire officiel à la cour impériale. Ottavio établit un atelier qui prospéra sur plusieurs générations. Il était aussi connecté avec l'Atelier des Castrucci, aussi à Prague.
Un portrait de la famille de Dionysio Miseroni, son fils, a été réalisé en 1653 par l'artiste tchèque Karel Škréta. L'atelier continua jusqu'à la mort de Ferdinando Eusebio, le petit-fils de Girolamo.

Artisans notables
 Ottavio Miseroni von Lison (1567-1624), fils de Girolamo, lapidaire officiel à la cour impériale de .
 Giovanni Ambrogio Miseroni, fils de Girolamo
 Alessandro Miseroni (1573 -1648), fils de Girolamo
  von Lison (1607-1661), fils d'Ottavio, lapidaire officiel à la cour impériale de  et .
 Jan Octavius Miseroni, fils de Dionysio
 Ferdinando Eusebio Miseroni (1639-1684), fils de Dionysio

Références
 Art of the Royal Court: Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008
 Les gemmes de la Couronne, Alcouffe, Musée du Louvre, 2001,
 Mémoires Collection in-8o, volume 11-3. 1960,
 The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Art, OUP, 2006,
 Deutsche Steinschneidekunst aus dem Grünen Gewölbe zu Dresden, Grünes Gewölbe, 1998,
  Princely Splendor - The Dresden Court, 1580-1620, 2004,
 Splendeurs de la cour de Saxe- Dresde à Versailles : Musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon, 2006,

Articles connexes
 Glyptique

Entreprise de joaillerie
Histoire de Prague
Histoire de Milan

Atelier des Miseroni


Enver Palalić (Travnik, 14. kolovoza 1945.) bosanskohercegovački je fotograf.

Životopis
Rodio se je u Travniku. Obitelj je imala fotografsku tradiciju. Izučio fotografski obrt kod majstora studijske fotografije Hazima Hadžiemrića u Travniku, zatim u Zagrebu Foto Globus kod Ljubice Topić, te Foto Optik u Sarajevu. Radio je u Zenici Foto Atelijer, pa se vratio u Travnik gdje je fotografirao u Remontnom zavodu. Godine 1967. u Vitezu osniva samostalni foto studio "Foto Enver", a 1991. još jedan studio i fotolaboratorij u rodnom Travniku, gdje ostaje do umirovljenja.

Nakon umirovljenja preselio se je u Zagreb gdje je i dalje ostao fotografirati. Zabilježio je svaku urbanu promjenu i obične ljude ikone grada, kao pravi gradski fotokroničar. Suradnik novinskih agencija i listova: HINE, Tjednika, Danasa, Panorame, Naše riječi. Romano them, Oslobođenje. Postavio je nekoliko izložbi fotografija. Prevladavaju bosanski i zagrebački motivi, vremenom i istarski, a interes širi na druge države: Sloveniju, Njemačku, Francusku, Italiju, Austriju, Mađarsku, Srbiju, Kosovo.

Izložbe

 U Zagrebu je 2009. u BNZ postavio Izložbu ''Pogled na Zagreb''
 U Zaboku 2011. ima treću samostalnu izložbu Gradske priče.
 U Donjoj Stubici 2011. u Galeriji ''Stub-klub'' postavio Izložbu pod naslovom ''Agram''
 U Zagrebu je 2016. u BNZ postavio Izložbu ''Bosnom hodim-1''  koja je prva iz serijala toga naslova
 U Buzetu 2017. u BNZ je postavio Izložbu ''Bosno moja''
 U Zagrebu 2017. u Galeriji Ericsson je postavio Izložbu ''Kroz Bosnu''
 U Fažani je 2022. postavio svoju samostalnu Izložbu fotografija ''Ljeta u Fažani''.
 U rodnom Travniku u prostorijama Zavičajnog muzeja u povodu manifestacije Dani dijaspore postavio svoju samostalnu izložbu ''Bosnom hodim-2'', drugu iz serijala pod istim naslovom, dok je treća također već spremna za postavljanje.
 U Vodnjanu je u listopadu 2022. postavio svoju samostalnu Izložbu fotografija Šetnja kroz Vodnjan-Dignano.
 U Zagrebu je 1. ožujka 2023. u povodu Dana nezavisnosti BiH u prostorijama BNZ postavio još jednu svoju samostalnu izložbu ''Bosnom hodim-3'', koja je treća iz serijala sa tim naslovom.
 U Travniku je 1. kolovoza 2023. u povodu manifestacije Dani dijaspore postavio izložbu fotografija ''Bosnom hodinm -4'', koja je četvrta iz serijala s ovim naslovom. Izložio je 70 fotografija formata 30 x 45 cm.
 U Vodnjanu je 16. rujna 2023. u Galeriji El Magazinen otvorena Izložba ''Sous le ciel de Paris'' sa 62 fotografije formata 30 x 45 cm.

Izvori

Životopisi, Travnik
Životopisi, Zagreb
Bosanskohercegovački fotografi

Enver Palalić


Duo pentru Paoloncel și Petronom este un film românesc din 1994 regizat de Alexandru Solomon. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Paul Celan, Petre Solomon.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1994 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1994
Filme regizate de Alexandru Solomon
Filme documentare românești

Duo pentru Paoloncel și Petronom


A21, A-21 or A.21 may refer to:

 A road in the List of A21 roads
 a21, Inc., an American stock-photography company
 The A21 Campaign, a non-profit, non-governmental organization that combats human trafficking, slave and bonded labor, involuntary domestic servitude, and child soldiery
 Aero A.21, a 1920s-era Czechoslovakian military aeroplane
 Arrows A21, a Formula One car
 British NVC community A21 (Ranunculus baudotii community), a plant community
 Focke-Wulf A 21, a photographic survey variant of the 1927 German Focke-Wulf A 17
 Stearman XA-21, a twin-engine American attack bomber
 A21 (chess opening), a code for the English Opening in chess

A21


Stemonuraceae, biljna porodica iz reda Aquifoliales. Ime je dobila po rodu Stemonurus, a unutar nje priznato je 78 vrsta u 12 rodova.

Stemonuraceae su tropsko bilje rašireno po tropskim predjelima Južne Amerike (bazen Amazone), Afrike (uz Gvinejski zaljev), Madagaskara i jugoistočne Azije i na poluotoku York u Australiji.

Rodovi
 Cantleya Ridl.
 Codiocarpus  R.A. Howard
 Discophora Miers
 Gastrolepis Tiegh.
 Gomphandra Wall. ex Lindl.
 Grisollea Baill.
 Hartleya Sleumer
 Irvingbaileya R.A. Howard
 Lasianthera 	P. Beauv.
 Medusanthera Seem.
 Stemonurus Blume
 Whitmorea Sleumer

Izvori

Porodice reda Aquifoliales
Biljne porodice

Stemonuraceae


Pfizenmayer ist der Name folgender Personen:

 Eugen Wilhelm Pfizenmayer (1869–1941), deutscher Zoologe und Hofrat
 Hedwig Pfizenmayer (1890–1967), deutsche Zeichnerin und Malerin

Siehe auch:
 Pfizenmaier
 Pfitzenmeier

Pfizenmayer


ගගන ඉංජිනේරුවේදය එසේත් නැත්නම් අවකාශතලය පිළිබඳ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව () යනු, ගුවන් යානා හා අභ්‍යාවකාශ යානා පසුපස ඇති මෝස්තරය, නිපදවීම හා විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ වූ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාවේ අංශකි. අවකාශතලය පිළිබඳ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව ප්‍රධාන කොටස් 2කට බෙදී ඇත. ගගනගාමී ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව හා අජටාකාශගාමී ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව එම කෙටස් 2යි. ගුවන්යානා සමඟ පෙර පැවති කටයුතු පෘථිවි වායුගෝලය තුළට සීමා වු අතර පසු කාලීනව ගුවන්යානා සමඟ පැවති කටයුතු පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පිටත දී ක්‍රියා කරන සුළු ඒවා විය. "ගගනගාමී"යන්න නියම පදය වන අතරතුර දී වඩාත් පුළුල් "අවකාශතලය" භාවිතයේ දී එය අභිබවා ඇත. එසේ වී ඇත්තේ, ගුවන් ගමන් තාක්ෂණය බාහිර වායුගෝලයේ දී (පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පිටත) ක්‍රියාත්මක වන ගුවන් යානා අන්තර්ගත වීමට තරම් ඉදිරියට පැමිණ ඇති නිසාවෙනි

අවකාශ තලය පිළිබඳ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව නිතරම, සාමාන්‍යයෙන් රොකට් විද්‍යාව ලෙස ද හැඳින්වේ.
F-15 ඊගල් හා F-16 ෆැල්කන් යානා සඳහා ප්‍රැට් සහ විට්නි F100 ජෙට් එන්ජින්, ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ, ජෝර්ජියාවේ, රොබින්ස් ගුවන් හමුදා මූල ස්ථානයේ දී පරීක්ෂා කර බලන ලදී. එන්ජිම පිටුපස ඇති පැදවුම් දණ්ඩ සහිත නලය හඬ අවුරන අතර එන්ජිමෙන් පිටවන දුමාරයට පිටවීමට ඉඩ ලබා දේ.

සාරාංශය

නූතන ගුවන් යානා, වායුගෝල‍ීය පීඩනයේ හා උෂ්ණත්වයේ වෙනස්වීම් හෝ වාහන කොටස් මත යෙදෙන දරුණු ව්‍යුහමය භාරය වැනි දරුණු තත්වයන්ට යටත් වේ. ඒ නිසාවෙන් ඒවා සාමාන්‍යයෙන් , වායු ගතිකය, ගුවන් නැව් හැසුරුමේ දී භාවිත ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික තාක්ෂණය, ද්‍රව්‍ය විද්‍යාව හා ප්‍රචාලනය අන්තර්ගත විවිධ තාක්ෂණයන් සමූහයකගේ නිමැවුමකි. මෙම තාක්ෂණයන් සමූහය එක්ව ගත් කළ අවකාශ තලය පිළිබඳ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව ලෙස සැලකේ. කේෂ්ත්‍රයේ ඇති සංකීර්නතාවය නිසා අවකාශ තලය පිළිබඳ ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව එකිනෙකට සුවිශේෂී වූ විද්‍යාවේ අංශයන් පිළිබඳ විශේෂඥතාවයක් දක්වන ඉංජිනේරුවන් කණ්ඩායමක් විසින් මෙහෙයවනු ලැබේ. ගුවන් යානයක වර්ධනය හා නිෂ්පාදනය, හැකියාවන්, කාර්ය සාධනය, ලබා ගත හැකි තාක්ෂණය හා වියදම් අතර සැලකිලිමත් සමබරතාවය හා එකඟතාවය මත රඳා පවතී.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
 American Helicopter Society International
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 Glossary of aerospace engineering
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 List of aerospace engineering schools
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 List of Russian aerospace engineers
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 Space Power Facility

පාද සටහන්

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

NDTAeroTech.com, The Online Community for Aerospace NDT Professionals

Air Service Training Aviation Maintenance UK
Question and Answer

Aircraft maintenance

ගගන ඉංජිනේරුවේදය


Das Amstel Curaçao Race war ein von 2002 bis 2014 jährlich im November auf der Insel Curaçao (ehemals Niederländische Antillen) stattfindendes Radsport-Kriterium, das bei vielen europäischen Spitzenfahrern als entspannter Saisonausklang beliebt war. Mit der finanziellen Unterstützung der Niederländischen Brauerei "Amstel", die auch dem bekannten Amstel Gold Race ihren Namen gibt, wurden jedes Jahr Rennfahrer mit großen Namen auf die karibische Insel eingeladen. Organisator war der ehemalige Radprofi Leo van Vliet, seines Zeichens Tour-Etappensieger und Chef des Amstel Gold Race, der das Event zusammen mit Erik Breukink, ebenfalls ein erfolgreicher Radprofi und Sportlicher Leiter des Teams Rabobank, ins Leben rief. Seit der ersten Edition des Kriteriums wurde der Kurs einmal verändert, mit Längen von 86,1 und 73,6 Kilometern blieb die Distanz aber im üblichen Bereich für Kriterien.

Im Jahr 2014 gab der Organisator Leo van Vliet bekannt, dass die bevorstehende 12. Austragung die letzte sein werde. Als Grund nannte er den durch die Globalisierung des Radsports ausgedehnten Rennkalender, welche es schwerer mache, Topfahrer für das Rennen einzuladen. Zudem sei mit dem durch die finanzstarke Amaury Sport Organisation ausgerichteten Saitama Criterium eine Konkurrenz entstanden, der er mit einem Budet von 200.000 € nicht gewachsen sei.

Bei den zwölf Austragungen gewannen allesamt europäische Profis, der Spanier Alberto Contador und der Niederländer Niki Terpstra trugen sich mit jeweils zwei Siegen als einzige Fahrer mehrmals in die Siegerliste ein.

Siegerliste Männer

Siegerliste Frauen

Weitere Wertungen

Neben der Hauptwertung wurde oft eine gesonderte Wertung für den besten nicht-europäischen bzw. einheimischen Fahrer geführt:

Seit 2009 fand außerdem zwei Tage vor dem Hauptrennen das Jan Thiel Criterium statt:

Sonstiges
Die Kulisse der Karibik war für viele Fernsehsender und Zeitschriften oft eine attraktive Umgebung für Fotoshootings und Interviews mit den anwesenden Fahrern.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Nachweise

Eintagesrennen
Radsport (Curaçao)
Curacao
Sportveranstaltung auf Curaçao
Straßenradrennen im Königreich der Niederlande
Ehemaliges Straßenradrennen

Amstel Curaçao Race


An Calamagrostis poluninii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thorwald Thorvald Julius Sørensen. An Calamagrostis poluninii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Calamagrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Calamagrostis

Calamagrostis poluninii


Vekil, bir kişinin sözleşme ile diğer bir kişiye ait olan işin yönetimini ve gerektirdiği hizmeti gerçekleştirmeyi yüklenmesidir (Borçlar Kanunu m.386). Vekil, vekaletin  niteliği, kapsamı ve sair çeşitlerine göre tasnif edilebilir. Söz gelimi, adi (alelıtlak) veya ticari vekil,  yetkili vekil, genel vekil veya özel vekil gibi.

Hukuk terimleri
Arapçadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler

Vekil (hukuk)


Esta é a lista de prefeitos de Monte Alegre, município brasileiro do estado do Rio Grande do Norte.

OBS: N/C - Não consta.

M

Lista de prefeitos de Monte Alegre (Rio Grande do Norte)


Normatif etik, belirlenimci etik, değer etiği ya da faydacılık gibi farklı etik türlerinden biridir ve asıl olarak Kant'ın etik üzerine felsefi düşüncelerinde belirginleşen bir eğilimin adıdır.

Kaynakça
 Etik Ahlak felsefesi, Doğan Özlem, İnkılap Kitabevi.

Dış bağlantılar
 Kant Etiği de içinde olmak üzere Ahlak Felsefesi

Etik
Etik teorileri
Yaşam felsefesi

Normatif etik


Coreopsideae, tribus glavočika cjevnjača. Pripada mu oko trideset rodova. Ime je došlo po rodu Coreopsis

Rodovi

 Bidens L.
 Chrysanthellum Rich.
 Coreocarpus Benth.
 Coreopsis L.
 Cosmos Cav.
 Cyathomone S.F. Blake
 Dahlia Cav.
 Dicranocarpus A. Gray
 Diodontium F. Muell.
 Ericentrodea S.F. Blake & Sherff
 Eryngiophyllum Greenm.
 Fitchia Hook.f.
 Glossocardia Cass.
 Glossogyne Cass.
 Goldmanella Greenm.
 Henricksonia B.L. Turner
 Heterosperma Cav.
 Hidalgoa La Llave
 Isostigma Less.
 Koehneola Urb.
 Megalodonta Greene
 Moonia Arn.
 Narvalina Cass.
 Oparanthus Sherff
 Petrobium R. Br.
 Pinillosia Ossa
 Selleophytum Urb.
 Staurochlamys Baker
 Tetraperone Urb.
 Thelesperma Less.
 Trioncinia (F. Muell.) Veldkamp

Izvori

Glavočike cjevnjače

Coreopsideae


An Arberella bahiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Robert Soderstrom ngan Fernando Omar Zuloaga. An Arberella bahiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Arberella, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Arberella

Arberella bahiensis


6590 Barolo este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6590 Barolo este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa de Edward L. G. Bowell. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,02 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 9,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1985
Centura de asteroizi

6590 Barolo


Alexandru Petrescu () este un politician român, ministru al economiei începând cu 4 ianuarie 2017 în Guvernul Sorin Grindeanu. Este membru al PSD.

Referințe

Miniștri români
Membri ai Partidului Social Democrat
Români în viață

Alexandru Petrescu


The taifas (singular taifa, from  ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, a party, band or faction) were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031. They were a recurring feature of al-Andalus history.

The taifas were eventually incorporated by the Almoravid dynasty in the late 11th century and, on its collapse, many taifas re-appeared only to be incorporated by the Almohad Caliphate. The fall of the Almohads resulted in a flourishing of the taifas, and this was the case despite constant warfare with Christian kingdoms. Taifa kings were wary of calling themselves "kings," so they took the title of hajib, presenting themselves as representatives for a temporarily absent caliph. The taifa courts were renowned centres of cultural excellence in which poets, scientists, and other scholars were able to thrive.

Wars between the taifas were common and rulers of Muslim taifas were known to ally with the Iberian Christians (and the North African kingdoms) against European or Mediterranean Christian rulers from outside of al-Andalus. These alliances frequently included payments of large tributes in return for security. Eventually, the taifas of Badajoz, Toledo, Zaragoza, and even Sevilla paid tribute to Alfonso VI. By the end of the 13th century, only one remained, the Emirate of Granada, the rest being incorporated into the Christian states of the north.

Etymology
The Arabic term mulūk al-ṭawāʾif means "kings of the territorial divisions" or "party kings". Muslim historians originally used these terms to refer to the Parthian Empire and other regional rulers that succeeded Alexander the Great. That period was treated as an interlude between Alexander's conquest of Persia and the formation of the Sasanian Empire. The negative portrayal of the Parthian period by Muslim historians may have been inherited from Sasanian propaganda. In the 11th century, Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī first applied the term to the regional rulers who appeared after the collapse of Umayyad power in Spain, "whose condition was like that of the mulūk al-ṭawāʾif of the Persians". The phrase implied cultural decline.

The corresponding term in Spanish is reyes de taifas ("kings of taifas"), by way of which the Arabic term has entered English (and French) usage.

Rise

The origins of the taifas must be sought in the administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, as well in the ethnic division of the elite of this state, divided among Arabs, Berbers, Muladíes (indigenous Muslim converts, a significant majority) and the Saqaliba, Eastern European former slaves. The most secure rulers were governors of frontier provinces, such as the "Farthest Frontier" of Zaragoza; since these regions had been ruled by families for generations prior to the fall of the caliphate, there was minor immediate impact when the caliphate fell.

During the late 11th century, the Christian rulers of the northern Iberian peninsula set out to retake the lands of the former Visigothic Kingdom that had been conquered by Muslims. By this time the caliphate of Cordova, among the richest and most powerful states in Europe, had suffered a civil war, known as the Fitna of al-Andalus. As a result, it "broke into taifas, small rival emirates fighting among themselves".

However, the political decline and chaos was not immediately followed by cultural decline. To the contrary, intense intellectual and literary activity grew in some of the larger taifas.

There was a second period when taifas arose, toward the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid rulers were in decline.

During the heyday of the taifas, in the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, their emirs (rulers) competed among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural prestige. They tried to recruit the most famous poets and artisans.

Decline

Observers in al-Andalus in the 1080s did not see a decline as likely, much less imminent or probable. However, by the 1090s, popular revolt became a real possibility as the ulama accusations against taifa kings gained popularity.

Reversing the trend of the Umayyad period, when the Christian kingdoms of the north often had to pay tribute to the Caliph, the disintegration of the Caliphate left the rival Muslim kingdoms much weaker than their Christian counterparts, particularly the Castilian–Leonese monarchy, and many had to submit to them, paying tributes known as parias.

Due to their military weakness, taifa princes appealed for North African warriors to come fight Christian kings on two occasions. The Almoravid dynasty was invited after the fall of Toledo (1085), and the Almohad Caliphate after the fall of Lisbon (1147). Warriors of the taifas took part in the Battle of Sagrajas, which resulted in the defeat of the Christians. Nevertheless, the Almoravids and the Almohads did not help the taifa emirs but rather annexed their lands to their own North African empires.

In the 1100s, the remnants of the taifa dynasties in al-Andalus would join forces with Christian powers as a last attempt to shift momentum back in their favor against the Almoravids.

Certain taifas hired Christian mercenaries to fight neighbouring realms (both Christian and Muslim). The most dynamic taifa, which conquered most of its neighbours before the Almoravid invasion, was Seville, which ironically was also the first of the major taifas to fall, followed (somewhat quickly) by Badajoz, Valencia and Zaragoza. Zaragoza was also very powerful and expansive, but inhibited by the neighbouring Christian states of the Pyrenees. Zaragoza, Toledo, and Badajoz had previously been the border military districts of the Caliphate.

List of taifas

First period (11th century)
After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031 about 33 independent taifas emerged out the civil war and conflict in al-Andalus. Many of the less tenable taifa kingdoms had disappeared by the 1030s, having been taken over by more powerful neighboring taifas. The strongest and largest taifas in this first period (11th century) were the Taifa of Zaragoza, Taifa of Toledo, Taifa of Badajoz and the Taifa of Seville. The most notable taifa to conquer most of its weak neighbours was the Taifa of Seville under the Abbadid dynasty.

Al-Tagr al-Adna (Central Portugal)

This region includes the Central and Lisbon region of Portugal and Extremadura region of Spain.
 Badajoz 1013–1022/1034–1094 (Aftasid Dynasty); 1027–1034 (to Seville): 1094 (to Almoravids)
 Lisbon 1022–1034 (Banu Sabur Dynasty); 1034–1093 (Aftasids Dynasty)

Al-Garb (Southern Portugal)

This region includes the Alentejo and Algarve region of Portugal.
 Mértola 1033–1044 (Tayfurid Dynasty); 1044–1091 (to Seville)
 Saltés and Huelva 1012/1013–1051/1053 (Bakrid Dynasty); 1051–1091 (to Seville)
 Santa Maria do Algarve 1018–1051 (Harunid Dynasty); 1051–1091 (to Seville)
 Silves: 1027–1063 (Muzaymid Dynasty); 1063–1091 (to Seville)

Al-Tagr al-Awsat (Central Spain)

This region includes the Madrid region and the provinces of Toledo and Guadalajara of Spain.
 Toledo: 1010/1031–1085 (to Castile)

Southern Spain

This region includes the autonomous region of Andalucia in Spain
 Algeciras: 1035–1058 (to Seville)
 Arcos: 1011–1068 (to Seville)
 Carmona: 1013–1091 (to Seville)
 Ceuta: 1061–1084 (to Granada)
 Córdoba: 1031–1091 (to Seville)
 Granada: 1013–1090 (to Almoravids)
 Málaga: 1026–1057/1058 (to Granada); 1073–1090 (to Almoravids)
 Morón: 1013–1066 (to Seville)
 Niebla: 1023/1024–1091 (to Seville)
 Ronda: 1039/1040–1065 (to Seville)
 Seville: 1023–1091 (to Almoravids)

Al-Tagr al-A'la (Aragon and Catalonia)

This region only includes the provinces of Huesca, Lleida, Teruel, Zaragoza and Tarragona of Spain.
 Albarracín: 1011–1104 (to Almoravids)
 Alpuente: 1009–1106 (to Almoravids)
 Rueda: 1118–1130 (to Aragon)
 Tortosa: 1039–1060 (to Zaragoza); 1081/1082–1092 (to Denia)
 Zaragoza: 1018–1046 (to Banu Tujib; then to Banu Hud); 1046–1110 (to Almoravids; in 1118 to Aragon)

Al-Xarq (Eastern Spain)

This region includes the region of Valencia, Murcia and Baleares.
 Almería: 1011–1091 (to Almoravids)
 Denia: 1010/1012–1076 (to Zaragoza)
 Jérica: 11th century (to Toledo)
 Lorca: 1051–1091 (to Almoravids)
 Majorca: 1018–1203 (to Almohads)
 Molina: ?–1100 (to Aragon)
 Murcia: 1011/1012–1065 (to Valencia)
 Murviedro and Sagunto: 1086–1092 (to Almoravids)
 Segorbe: 1065–1075 (to Almoravids)
 Valencia: 1010/1011–1094 (to El Cid, nominally vassal of Castile but allied to Banu Hud)

Second period (12th century)
 Almería: 1145–1147 (briefly to Castile and then to Almohads)
 Arcos: 1143 (to Almohads)
 Badajoz: 1145–1150 (to Almohads)
 Beja and Évora: 1144–1150 (to Almohads)
 Carmona: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
 Constantina and Hornachuelos: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
 Granada: 1145 (to Almohads)
 Guadix and Baza: 1145–1151 (to Murcia)
 Jaén: 1145–1159 (to Murcia); 1168 (to Almohads)
 Jerez: 1145 (to Almohads)
 Málaga: 1145–1153 (to Almohads)
 Mértola: 1144–1145 (to Badajoz)
 Murcia: 1145 (to Valencia); 1147–1172 (to Almohads)
 Niebla: 1145–1150? (to Almohads)
 Purchena: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
 Ronda: 1145 (to Almoravids)
 Santarém: ?–1147 (to Portugal)
 Segura: 1147–? (destiny unknown)
 Silves: 1144–1155 (to Almohads)
 Tavira: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
 Tejada: 1145–1150 (to Almohads)
 Valencia: 1145–1172 (to Almohads)

Third period (13th century)
 Arjona: 1232–1244 (to Castile)
 Baeza: 1224–1226 (to Castile)
 Ceuta: 1233–1236 (to Almohads), 1249–1305 (to Marinids)
 Denia: 1224–1227 (to Aragon)
 Lorca: 1240–1265 (to Castile)
 Menorca: 1228–1287 (to Aragon)
 Murcia: 1228–1266 (to Castile)
 Niebla: 1234–1262 (to Castile)
 Orihuela: 1239/1240–1249/1250 (to Murcia or Castile)
 Valencia: 1228/1229–1238 (to Aragon)

Additionally, but not usually considered taifas, are:
 Granada: 1237–1492 (to Castile)
 Las Alpujarras: 1568–1571 (to Castile)

References

External links
History of Spain: Disintegration of the Caliphate (1010–1260)

Former Islamic monarchies in Europe
Former monarchies of Europe
11th century in al-Andalus
12th century in al-Andalus
13th century in al-Andalus

Taifa


خديجة رياض مصورة مصرية درست الفن في المرسم الخاص بالفنان الأرمني المصري وريان اشود زوريان، أقامت معارض خاصة لأعمالها منذ عام 1957 وحصلت علي الجائزة الأولي في التصوير من وزارة الثقافة سنة 1962 مثلت مصر في مختلف البينياليات والمحافل الفنية مثل بينالي فينيسيا والإسكندرية، ينتمي أسلوبها الي المدرسة التجريدية التعبيرية وهي من أوائل الفنانات المصريات في تحديث الأسلوب الفني وتوجد أعمالها في متحف الفن الحديث بالقاهرة ومختلف المجموعات في أوروبا.

مراجع

رسامون مصريون في القرن 20
رسامات مصريات
فنانات مصريات في القرن 20
فنانون سرياليون
فنانون من القاهرة
مصريون من أصل أرمني

خديجة رياض


The Hunt for White Christ trinaesti je studijski album švedskog death metal sastava Unleashed. Diskografska kuća Napalm Records objavila ga je 26. listopada 2018.

The Hunt for White Christ temelji se na konceptualnoj priči koju je napisao basist i pjevač Johnny Hedlund o svijetu Odalheima i njihov ratnikova Midgarda, kao što na albumima As Yggdrasil Trembles, Odalheim i Dawn of the Nine.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

 Unleashed

 Johnny – bas-gitara, vokal
 Anders – bubnjevi
 Fredrik – solo-gitara, ritam gitara, produkcija, miks
 Tomas – ritam gitara

 Ostalo osoblje

 Pär Olofsson – naslovnica
 Joakim Sterner – dizajn
 Jens Rydén – fotografije
 Erik Mårtensson – mastering

Izvori

Albumi iz 2018.
Albumi sastava Unleashed

The Hunt for White Christ


San Pacífico de San Severino (1 de marzo de 1653 - 24 de septiembre de 1721) fue un religioso italiano. Es venerado como santo en la iglesia católica.

Biografía

Carlo Antonio Divini nació en San Severino, hijo de Antonio M. Divini y Mariangela Bruni. Sus padres murieron pronto después de su confirmación católica cuando sólo tenía tres años. Sufrió muchas penurias hasta diciembre de 1670, cuando tomó el hábito franciscano en el Orden de los Reformati en Forano, en Ancona. Pacífico fue ordenado el 4 de junio de 1678, convirtiéndose en Lector (o Profesor) de Filosofía desde 1680 a 1683. Después de seis años, trabajó como misionero católico entre los alrededores. Durante 29 años, sufrió enfermedades e incluso se quedó ciego. Incapaz después de participar en misiones, se dedicó a la vida contemplativa. Siempre decía que "dio sus males con paciencia angelical, fue bendecido con varios milagros, y se vio favorecido por Dios con el éxtasis". A pesar de ello, desde 1692 hasta 1693 ocupó el cargo de guardián en el convento de Maria delle Grazie en San Severino, donde falleció más tarde. Su causa de beatificación se inició en 1740, fue beatificado por el Pío VI, el 4 de agosto de 1786, y canonizado solemnemente por Gregorio XVI, el 26 de mayo de 1839. Su fiesta se celebra el 24 de septiembre.

Enlaces externos
 San Pacífico da Sanseverino Marche

Santos católicos de Italia del siglo XVIII
Franciscanos de Italia del siglo XVII
Santos franciscanos
Franciscanos de Italia del siglo XVIII
Nacidos en San Severino Marche
Fallecidos en San Severino Marche

Pacífico de San Severino


මෙම ව්‍යාපෘතිය රුවන්ඩාවේ කෘෂිකර්මාන්තය නඟා සිටුවීම සඳහා දියත්කල දිගු කාලීන වැඩසටහනකි. 1994දී ඇති වූ ජන අරගලයෙන් සහ සිවිල් යුදමය තත්වයෙන් ඇති වූ බලපෑම අඩු කරලීම ද මෙම වැඩසටහනෙහි විශේෂ අරමුණක් විය. ග්‍රාමීය ජනයා සමඟ එක් වී කෘෂිකාර්මික වැඩිදියුණුවත් වෙළෙඳපොල සඳහා ගැළපෙන නිෂ්පාදන නිපදවීමටත් මෙම ව්‍යාපෘතිය ඉවහල් විය.
මෙම ව්‍යාපෘතිය සඳහා ආධාර ලබා දීම සිදු කෙරෙණුයේ ඇමෙරිකානු අන්තර්ජාතික සංවර්ධන ඒජන්සිය මඟින් ය. මිචිගන් පර්යේෂණායතනය, ටෙක්සාස් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, රුවන්ඩා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ඇතුළු ආයතන කිහිපයක් එක්ව පර්යේෂණ කටයුතු පවත්වන අතර රුවන්ඩා කෘෂිකර්ම දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව, කගාලි විද්‍යා පීඨය,රුවන්ඩා කෝපි සංවර්ධන මණ්ඩලය වනි දේශීය ආයතනද මේ සඳහා දායක වේ. මෙහි වර්තමාන අධ්‍යක්ෂක ධූරය දරන්නේ තිමොති ශිව්ලින් මහතාය.

බාහිර පරිශීලක සබැඳුම්
 Official web site of PEARL project
 PEARL Webpage  (Michigan State University)

Agriculture in Rwanda

රුවන්ඩා කෘෂිකර්මාන්තය වැඩි දියුණු කිරීමේ සහයෝගීතා කමිටුව


Garibaldi () is a station on line 13 of the Paris Métro in the commune of Saint-Ouen.

Location
The station is located under Avenue Gabriel-Péri, south of the beginning of Rue Charles-Schmidt. Oriented approximately along a north–south axis and located on the branch towards Saint-Denis - Université, it is positioned between the Mairie de Saint-Ouen and Porte de Saint-Ouen metro stations.

History
The station opened on 30 June 1952 when the line was extended from Porte de Saint-Ouen to Carrefour Pleyel.

It owes its name to its proximity to rue Garibaldi, which pays homage to Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) who was one of the architects of Italian unification. A staunch republican, desiring Rome as the capital of Italy, he fought against Austria in 1859, the Kingdom of Naples in 1860 and the papacy in 1867. He also served France during the conflict of 1870–1871.

The station is, with Mairie de Saint-Ouen and Carrefour Pleyel on the same section of the line, one of the last three built in the historic style of the network, characterized by the use of bevelled white tiles and an ovoid-shaped vault, before the appearance of the first box stations in the 1970s.

As part of RATP's Renouveau du métro program, the station corridors and platform lighting were renovated on 25 August 2004.

In 2020, with the Covid-19 crisis, 1,697,555 travellers entered this station, which places it in 148th position among metro stations for its use.

Passenger services

Access
The station has three accesses divided into four metro entrances, opening on either side of Avenue Gabriel-Péri and decorated with balustrades as well as three Dervaux-type candelabra:
 Access 1 Rue Garibaldi, consisting of a fixed staircase, located to the right of no. 80 of the avenue;
 Access 2 Rue Farcot, also made up of a fixed staircase, located opposite no. 78 of the avenue;
 Access 3 Rue Charles-Schmidt, comprising two exits, one in front of the other, to the right of no. 65 bis of the avenue; one consists of a fixed staircase and the other of an escalator ascending from the exit corridor of the platform in the direction of  Saint-Denis - Université.

Station layout

Platforms
Garibaldi is a standard configuration station. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks and the vault is elliptical. The decoration is of the style used for the majority of metro stations. The lighting canopies are white and rounded in the Gaudin style of the metro revival of the 2000s, and the bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the walls, the vault, the tunnel exits and the outlets of the corridors. The advertising frames, in copper-coloured earthenware, are topped with the letter M (a variant found only in 7 other stations in the network) and the name of the station is also in earthenware in the style of the original CMP. The Motte style seats are yellow in colour.

Bus connections
The station is served by lines 85, 137, 237 and the urban service L'Audonienne of the RATP Bus Network and, at night, by lines N14 and N44 of the Noctilien network.

The station had a connection with the Saint-Ouen-les-Docks line, at the Gare de Saint-Ouen-Garibaldi, until the latter closed in 1988.

References

Paris Métro stations in Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis
Railway stations in France opened in 1952

Garibaldi station (Paris Métro)


Undervandsbaaden A 182 er en film med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
Dansk undervandsbåd sejler ud af Københavns Havn. Ubåden dykker ned i Øresund. Torpedoer bringes ombord.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1910
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Søværnet

Undervandsbaaden A 182


Vulcaniella extremella ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Prachtfalter (Cosmopterigidae).

Merkmale
Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 8 bis 11 Millimeter. Die Vorderflügel glänzen dunkelbraun und glitzern golden. In der Basalregion befindet sich eine schräg nach außen verlaufende, erhabene silbrige Binde. Zur Flügelzeichnung gehören sechs erhabene, silbrige Flecke, drei befinden sich am Flügelinnenrand. Der Apikalfleck ist sehr klein oder fehlt. Eine Anzahl kleiner silbriger Flecke verteilt sich um den Apex herum. Die Fransenschuppen sind dunkelbraun, am Apex glänzen sie weiß. Bei den Weibchen sind die Vorderflügel vor dem Apex deutlich eingeschnürt.

Bei den Männchen hat das rechte Brachium einen sehr breiten apikalen Teil und ist an der Außenseite rundlich ausgebuchtet. Das linke Brachium ist schlanker, gebogen und vor der Spitze leicht verdickt. Die Valven sind an der Basis am breitesten und verjüngen sich distal allmählich. Die rechte Valvella ist länger als der distale Teil des Aedeagus, aber kürzer als die Valven, schlanker und nahezu gerade. Die linke Valvella ist ziemlich lang und verjüngt sich allmählich. Der Aedeagus verjüngt sich allmählich und hat eine leicht gekrümmte Spitze.

Die Genitalarmatur der Weibchen ähnelt der von Vulcaniella pomposella, aber die Antevaginalplatte ist halbrund und die Sklerotisierung am hinteren Ende des 7. Sternits ist dreieckig und hat angerundete Ecken.

Die erwachsenen Raupen sind gedrungen und dorsoventral abgeflacht. Sie sind zeichnungslos, hell bernsteingelb und 6,0 bis 6,5 Millimeter lang. Der Kopf ist klein und schwarz. Der Prothorakalschild ist hell zweigeteilt und ebenfalls schwarz. Der Analschild ist dunkelbraun. Die Kopfkapsel ist etwas länger als breit, dorsoventral abgeplattet und hat ein tief eingeschnittenes Hinterhaupt. Die Brustbeine sind außen hellbraun pigmentiert. Die Bauchfüße haben einen uniordinalen Kranz von etwa 13 dunkelbraunen Haken. Die Nachschieber haben einen Halbkranz, der aus 8 bis 9 Haken besteht.

Die Puppe ist etwa vier Millimeter lang und ventral etwas abgeplattet. Ab dem dritten Segment verjüngt sie sich, ist ziemlich dünnschalig und hellbraun. Die Scheiden der Flügel reichen bis ins erste Drittel des Analsegments, die Fühler reichen bis zur Hälfte des vorletzten Segments. Das Körperende ist stumpf, es sind keine Vorsprünge vorhanden. Die Stigmen sind klein und befinden sich auf Erhebungen. Körperborsten sind nur rudimentär erkennbar.

Ähnliche Arten
Vulcaniella extremella unterscheidet sich von allen anderen Arten der Gattung durch den auffälligen weißen Abschnitt in den Fransenschuppen am Apex des Vorderflügels.

Verbreitung
Vulcaniella extremella ist in Mittel- und Südeuropa beheimatet. Das Verbreitungsgebiet reicht von der Iberischen Halbinsel bis in den Norden des Kaukasus.

Biologie
Die Raupen entwickeln sich an Wiesensalbei (Salvia pratensis), Quirlblütigem Salbei (Salvia verticillata), Salvia bertolonii, Österreichischem Salbei (Salvia austriaca), Salvia tesquicola und Großblütiger Braunelle (Prunella grandiflora). Sie minieren in den Blättern. Die Mine beginnt als kurzer, grünlicher Fraßgang, der normalerweise entlang der Blattmittelrippe verläuft. Sobald eine Seitenader erreicht wird, entsteht eine längliche unregelmäßige Platzmine, die bis zum Blattrand reichen kann und dem Blatt eine zusammengezogene Form verleiht. Der Raupenkot wird nahezu vollständig durch eine Öffnung am Minenbeginn ausgeworfen. Während der Fraßpausen oder bei Störungen ziehen sich die Raupen in mit Seide ausgekleidete Fraßgänge zurück. Die Mine erscheint dann verlassen, da die Raupen in ihrem Versteck nicht sichtbar sind. Die Gestalt der Mine und die Lebensweise der Raupen sind bei unterschiedlichen Wirtspflanzen und Generationen etwas verschieden. Im Frühjahr fressen die Raupen an den unteren Blättern und wechseln häufig die Mine. Im Sommer, wenn die unteren Blätter bereits verwelkt sind, leben die Raupen in den höher gelegenen Blättern und wechseln die Mine nicht mehr. Die Art bildet zwei Generationen im Jahr, gelegentlich entstehen auch drei Generationen. Die Raupen leben von April bis Juni. Die Frühjahrsgeneration verpuppt sich außerhalb der Mine in einem weißlichen, papierartigen Kokon, die Sommergeneration verpuppt sich in einem sehr lockeren Gespinst innerhalb der Mine. Die Falter fliegen von Mitte Mai bis Mitte September.

Systematik
Aus der Literatur sind folgende Synonyme bekannt:
 Stagmatophora extremella , 1871
 Stagmatophora naviella , 1907
 Stagmatophora buhri , 1935

Belege

Cosmopterigidae
Prachtfalter

Vulcaniella extremella


An Polystachya walravensiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Daniel Geerinck ngan Arbonn.. An Polystachya walravensiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Polystachya, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Burundi. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Polystachya

Polystachya walravensiana