Francesco Saverio Grazioli (Rome,  - Florence, ) est un général et homme politique italien qui est, entre autres, sénateur du Royaume d'Italie.

Biographie
Issu d'une famille de riches agronomes de tradition pontificale, il entre en 1883 au collège militaire de sa ville natale et est admis trois ans plus tard à l'Académie militaire de Modène, où il sert deux ans avant de passer à l'École d'application de l'artillerie et du génie de Turin, où il rencontre Giulio Douhet. De 1896 à 1898, il est stationné en Érythrée ; après son rapatriement, en 1899, Grazioli entre à l'École de guerre de Civitavecchia, où il termine ses études militaires.

En octobre 1900, il épouse Anna Agnese Bianco, et l'année suivante, leur premier enfant, Andreina, est né. En janvier 1901, il est transféré à l'état-major de la 16 division militaire territoriale à Livourne, et en juillet suivant, il est affecté à la 18 artillerie de campagne à Sulmona pour la période de commandement de la batterie. En juillet 1903, il est affecté au bureau spécial du chef d'état-major de l'armée, sous les ordres de Tancredi Saletta, puis de son successeur Alberto Pollio.

En mars 1910, il est promu major (maggiore) pour mérites exceptionnels et nommé commandant du 3 bataillon du 2 Grenadiers à Rome. Pendant cette période, il perd son fils Mario, qui meurt d'une maladie incurable à l'âge de 7 ans. Presque au même moment, il devient le père de sa deuxième fille, Graziella. Il participe à la guerre italo-turque d'octobre 1911 à octobre 1912, puis à la Première Guerre mondiale, au cours de laquelle il commande le VIII corps d'armée pendant la bataille de Caporetto et des Arditi. À ce stade, il est nécessaire de rappeler que Grazioli, avec ses deux corps d'armée et la brigade Lambro (notamment son corps d'assaut), a pour mission de percer le dispositif austro-allemand sur le fleuve Piave. Cette opération, avec ses troupes, réussi pleinement réussi, puisqu'il est le premier à entrer dans Vittorio Veneto et à mettre ainsi fin à la Première Guerre mondiale. Il reçoit la citoyenneté d'honneur de la ville et son nom est donné à la place principale de la ville. Pendant la Grande Guerre naît sa troisième fille, qu'il nomme Vittoria en l'honneur de la Victoire et de Vittorio Veneto.

Pendant l'entreprise de Fiume de Gabriele D'Annunzio et de ses partisans, le général Francesco Grazioli est à la tête des corps alliés stationnés dans la ville, mais D'Annunzio n'intervient pas pour empêcher son occupation, de sorte que les contingents français, britanniques et américains se replient dans des casernes du centre. Dans l'immédiat après-guerre, Grazioli s'inscrit à la Société géographique italienne (Società geografica italiana) (1920) et obtient entre-temps la nomination de directeur des écoles militaires, qu'il occupe jusqu'au 8 mars 1923, tandis qu'en 1921, il est admis au Conseil de l'armée.

Grazioli est partisan d'une armée réduite en nombre d'hommes mais bien armée, guidée par une doctrine stratégique offensive et inspirée par des tactiques permettant la rapidité et la facilité de manœuvre ; en outre, il propose de dissoudre l'état-major et de le remplacer par une voie alternative, ouverte et accessible à tous ceux qui en sont dignes. Considéré comme un "progressiste" en raison de ces idées, il est également promu général de corps d'armée (generale di corpo d'armata) le 25 janvier 1923, puis du 4 mai 1925 au 6 février 1927, il occupe le poste de sous-chef d'état-major de l'armée.

Favorable au fascisme, il ne participe pas à la Marche sur Rome uniquement par fidélité à la monarchie. En décembre 1928, il est nommé sénateur du Royaume d'Italie et le 10 mai suivant, il prête serment; à la haute Chambre, il est membre de la Commission des finances et, de 1933 à 1937, il est rapporteur des prévisions de dépenses du ministère de la Guerre. Grazioli termine sa carrière militaire avec le grade de général d'armée (generale d'armata), qu'il reçoit le 21 octobre 1937, l'année même où il devient président du club des officiers des forces armées, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'en 1939.

De novembre 1938 à mars 1940, sur proposition du ministre Attilio Teruzzi, il est également nommé vice-président de la Compagnia italiana trasporti Africa orientale, une organisation créée pour le développement économique de l'Empire. Placé en réserve en janvier 1940, il parvient, au printemps 1941, à devenir - grâce à l'intercession d'Alfredo Guzzoni - rédacteur en chef de la revue Nazione Militare. En décembre 1942, après que Benito Mussolini ait cité un de ses rapports sur l'armée soviétique dans un discours, il propose au Duce l'idée d'une paix séparée avec l'URSS.

Dans les jours qui précèdent la dernière session du Grand Conseil du fascisme, il promeut (formellement) une demande de convocation d'une session plénière du Sénat, signée entre le 22 et le 24 juillet 1943 par 63 collègues sénateurs. L'ordre du jour exprime le désir d'unir le pays autour de la personne du Souverain pour résister aux événements de la guerre. Les raisons de cette demande, exprimées par Grazioli dans un mémorandum adressé au président du Sénat Giacomo Suardo, mettent en évidence la gravité de la situation et aussi la conscience du rôle des institutions statutaires traditionnelles restantes (Forces armées et Sénat) autour du Souverain pour faire face à la crise".

Étant hostile au nouveau chef de gouvernement Pietro Badoglio, il est approché le 19 septembre 1943 par Guido Buffarini Guidi, qui lui propose le poste de ministre de la Défense nationale et de la Production de guerre dans le nouveau gouvernement de la République sociale italienne : en échange, il aurait été promu maréchal d'Italie et nommé vice-Premier ministre par intérim, mais Grazioli refuse, suggérant à l'avocat pisan le nom de Rodolfo Graziani. Après l'avancée des Alliés, il est exclu du Sénat le 7 août 1944 par la Haute Cour de justice pour sanctions contre le fascisme pour avoir été l'un des "présidents de bureaux et de commissions législatives après le 3 janvier 1925", mais aucune autre accusation n'est portée contre lui.

Après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il est encore très polémique à l'égard de Badoglio, avec lequel il est le protagoniste d'un vif échange d'accusations (Grazioli accuse son collègue de Monferrato de collaborer avec Mussolini, mais les deux militaires font ensuite la paix). Très actif dans le domaine de l'historiographie, il a également publié les ouvrages Le operazioni militari nel 1848 et Luci ed ombre nella campagna del 1848 in Italia. Avec l'historien Gioacchino Volpe, il est l'auteur d'une série sur les classiques de la pensée militaire italienne, mais à ce titre, il souhaite un ton encomiastique et hagiographique, dépourvu de toute critique ou jugement, comme le voulait le régime dans ces années-là ; cela provoque assez rapidement l'éloignement du seul véritable historien militaire académique de cette période, Piero Pieri, qui (également en tant que personnage étranger au régime) ne veut pas renoncer à sa liberté de jugement.

Finalement mis en congé absolu en décembre 1947 pour cause de limite d'âge, il meurt d'une hémorragie cérébrale à Florence le 20 février 1951.

Postes et titres
 Directeur principal des écoles militaires (13 mai 1920-8 mars 1923)
 Membre du Conseil de l'Armée (16 novembre 1921)
 Président de l'Armed Forces Officers' Club (1937-1939)
 Membre et conseiller de la Société italienne de géographie (1920)

Bureaux parlementaires
 Membre de la Commission des finances (22 mars 1933 - 19 janvier 1934, 1er mai 1934 - 2 mars 1939, 7 janvier 1942 - 2 février 1943)
 Membre de la Commission de l'arrêt de la Haute Cour de justice (1er mai 1934 - 2 mars 1939)
 Membre de la Commission pour les affaires africaines italiennes (17 avril 1939 - 17 avril 1941)
 Vice-président de la Commission pour les affaires africaines italiennes (17 avril 1941 - 2 février 1943)
 Président de la Commission pour les affaires africaines italiennes (2 février - 5 août 1943)

Distinctions honorifiques

Médailles
 -Médaille commémorative des campagnes d'Afrique

 -Croix d'or avec couronne royale pour les officiers (40 ans de service)

 -Médaille d'argent de la valeur militaire

 -Médaille commémorative de la guerre italo-turque 1911-1912

 -Croix du Mérite de la guerre

 -Médaille commémorative de la guerre italo-autrichienne 1915-1918

 -Médaille italienne de la victoire interalliée

 -Médaille commémorative de l'Unité italienne

Prix d'honneur
 - Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Italie - 26 décembre 1907

 - Chevalier de l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare - 5 juin 1913

 - Officier de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Italie - 23 mai 1915

 - Chevalier de l'Ordre colonial de l'Étoile d'Italie - 30 décembre 1917

 - Commandeur de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Italie - 13 septembre 1918

 - Officier de l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare - 12 janvier 1919

 - Officier de l'Ordre militaire de Savoie - 17 mai 1919

 - Grand Officier de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Italie - 11 novembre 1919

 - Commandeur de l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare - 30 décembre 1919

 - Chevalier de Grand-croix de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Italie - 3 mai 1924

 - Grand officier de l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare - 1er juin 1930

 - Chevalier de Grand-croix de l'Ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare - 15 janvier 1934

Source

Notes et références

Bibliographie
  Luigi Emilio Longo, Francesco Saverio Grazioli, USSME, Rome 1989
  Giovanni Cecini, I generali di Mussolini, Newton Compton, Rome 2016

Liens externes

  Graziòli, Francesco Saverio, sur le site Treccani.it – Encyclopedie en ligne, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  GRAZIOLI, Francesco Saverio, dans l'Encyclopédie Treccani, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1933.
  GRAZIOLI, Francesco Saverio, dans l'Encyclopédie Treccani, III Appendice, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1961.
  Nicola Labanca, GRAZIOLI, Francesco Saverio, dans le Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 59, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2002.
  Francesco Saverio Grazioli, sur le site Senatori d'Italia, Sénat de la République.
  Francesco Grazioli sur le site du Sénat de la République italienne, sur le site notes9.senato.it.

Naissance en décembre 1869
Naissance à Rome
Décès en février 1951
Décès à Florence
Décès à 81 ans
Général italien du XXe siècle
Sénateur de la XXVIIIe législature du royaume d'Italie
Sénateur de la XXIXe législature du royaume d'Italie
Sénateur de la XXXe législature du royaume d'Italie
Croix du Mérite de guerre
Médaille d'argent de la valeur militaire
Médaille commémorative de la guerre italo-turque 1911-1912
Médaille commémorative de la guerre italo-autrichienne 1915-1918
Titulaire italien de la médaille interalliée 1914-1918
Médaille commémorative de l'Unité italienne
Grand-croix de l'ordre des Saints-Maurice-et-Lazare
Grand-croix de l'ordre de la Couronne d'Italie
Officier de l'ordre militaire de Savoie
Chevalier de l'ordre colonial de l'Étoile d'Italie
Militaire italien de la guerre italo-turque
Militaire italien de la Première Guerre mondiale
Militaire italien de la guerre d'Érythrée

Francesco Saverio Grazioli


۽ (U+06FD في يونيكود: ألف مزدوجة مع همزة فوق \ علامة عربية: علامة-واو سندية) حرف عطف في اللغة السندية. يفيد مطلق الجمع، وينطق \اَئٓ\ ('aee) أو \اِنْ\.

الحرف بلغات البرمجة

انظر أيضًا
 اللغة السندية

المراجع

حروف عربية مشتقة


Mariusz Tomasz Lemańczyk (Toruń, ) é um matemático polonês, conhecido por suas contribuições em teoria ergódica e sistemas dinâmicos. Graduado em matemática pela Universidade Nicolau Copérnico de Toruń em 1981, completou um doutorado em 1985. Em 1987 recebeu o Prêmio Kazimierz Kuratowski, considerado um dos mais prestigiosos prêmios para jovens matemáticos poloneses. Obteve a habilitação na Universidade de Varsóvia em 1991, após o que ele se juntou ao corpo docente da Universidade Nicolau Copérnico de Toruń. Em 1997, recebeu o Prêmio Stefan Banach da Sociedade Matemática Polonesa. Em 2016 ocupou a Cátedra Jean-Morlet no Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques.

Para o Congresso Internacional de Matemáticos de 2022 em São Petersburgo está listado como palestrante convidado.

Professores da Universidade Nicolau Copérnico de Toruń
Matemáticos da Polónia
Alunos da Universidade Nicolau Copérnico de Toruń
Alunos da Universidade de Varsóvia
Pessoas vivas

Mariusz Lemańczyk


1698 yılında Kral III. William'ın da desteğiyle ilk kez sadece bilimsel gözlem amaçlı bir okyanus yolculuğu için denize açılan gemi.

İngiliz astronom Edmond Halley (1656-1742) yönetiminde iki yıl denizde kalarak dünyanın manyetik eğiminin ölçülmesi, dünya haritasının çıkarılması ve durduğu limanların enlem ve boylamlarının belirlenmesi gibi bilimsel amaçlara hizmet etmiştir. Yolculuk tayfalardan bazılarının isyanı nedeniyle başarısızlıkla sonuçlanınca, geriye dönmek zorunda kalmıştır.

Kaynakça

Gemi tipleri

Paramour Pink


William Andrew Murray Boyd  (born 7 March 1952) is a Scottish novelist, short story writer and screenwriter.

Biography
Boyd was born in Accra, Gold Coast, (present-day Ghana), to Scottish parents, both from Fife, and has two younger sisters. His father Alexander, a doctor specialising in tropical medicine, and Boyd's mother, who was a teacher, moved to the Gold Coast in 1950 to run the health clinic at the University College of the Gold Coast, Legon (now the University of Ghana). In the early 1960s the family moved to western Nigeria, where Boyd's father held a similar position at the University of Ibadan. Boyd spent his early life in Ghana and Nigeria and, at the age of nine, went to a preparatory school and then to Gordonstoun school in Scotland, and, after that, to the University of Nice in France, followed by the University of Glasgow, where he gained an M.A. (Hons) in English & Philosophy, and finally Jesus College, Oxford. His father died of a rare disease when Boyd was 26.

Between 1980 and 1983 Boyd was a lecturer in English at St Hilda's College, Oxford, and it was while he was there that his first novel, A Good Man in Africa (1981), was published. He was also television critic for the New Statesman between 1981 and 1983.

Boyd was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2005 for services to literature. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and an Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He has been presented with honorary Doctorates in Literature from the universities of St. Andrews, Stirling, Glasgow, and Dundee and is an honorary fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Boyd is a member of the Chelsea Arts Club.

Boyd met his wife Susan, a former editor and now a screenwriter, while they were both at Glasgow University. He has a house in Chelsea, London and a farmhouse and vineyard (with its own appellation Château Pecachard) in Bergerac in the Dordogne in south-west France.

In August 2014 Boyd was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue.

Work

Novels
Boyd was selected in 1983 as one of the 20 "Best of Young British Novelists" in a promotion run by Granta magazine and the Book Marketing Council. Boyd's novels include: A Good Man in Africa, a study of a disaster-prone British diplomat operating in West Africa, for which he won the Whitbread Book award and Somerset Maugham Award in 1981; An Ice-Cream War, set against the background of the World War I campaigns in colonial East Africa, which won the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1982; Brazzaville Beach, published in 1991, which follows a scientist researching chimpanzee behaviour in Africa; and Any Human Heart, written in the form of the journals of a fictitious male 20th-century British writer, which won the Prix Jean Monnet de Littérature Européenne and was longlisted for the Booker Prize in 2002. Restless, the tale of a young woman who discovers that her mother had been recruited as a spy during World War II, was published in 2006 and won the Novel of the Year award in the 2006 Costa Book Awards. Boyd's novel Waiting for Sunrise was published in 2012. Following Solo in 2013,  Sweet Caress was published in 2015, the fourth novel Boyd has written from a woman's viewpoint. His sixteenth novel, Trio, was published in 2020.

Solo, the James Bond novel
In April 2012 Ian Fleming's estate announced that Boyd would write the next James Bond novel. The book, Solo, is set in 1969; it was published in the UK by Jonathan Cape in September 2013. Boyd used Bond creator Ian Fleming as a character in his novel Any Human Heart. Fleming recruits the book's protagonist, Logan Mountstuart, to British Naval Intelligence during World War Two.

Short stories
Several collections of short stories by Boyd have been published, including On the Yankee Station (1981), The Destiny of Nathalie 'X' (1995),  Fascination (2004) and The Dreams of Bethany Mellmoth (2017). In his introduction to The Dream Lover (2008), Boyd says that he believes the short story form to have been key to his evolution as a writer.

Screenplays
As a screenwriter Boyd has written a number of feature film and television productions. The feature films include: Scoop (1987), adapted from the Evelyn Waugh novel; Stars and Bars (1988), adapted from Boyd's own novel; Mister Johnson (1990), based on the 1939 novel by Joyce Cary; Tune in Tomorrow (1990), based on the Mario Vargas Llosa novel Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter; A Good Man in Africa (1994), also adapted from his own novel; The Trench (1999) an independent war film which he also directed; Man to Man (2005), a historical drama which was nominated for a Golden Bear award at the Berlin International Film Festival; and Sword of Honour, based on the Sword of Honour trilogy of novels by Evelyn Waugh. He was one of a number of writers who worked on Chaplin (1992). His television screenwriting credits include: Good and Bad at Games (1983), adapted from Boyd's short story about English public school life; Dutch Girls (1985); Armadillo (2001), adapted from his own novel; A Waste of Shame (2005) about Shakespeare's composition of his sonnets; Any Human Heart (2010), adapted from Boyd's own novel into a Channel 4 series starring Jim Broadbent, which won the 2011 Best Drama Serial BAFTA award; and Restless (2012), also adapted from his own novel.  Boyd created the miniseries Spy City which aired in 2020.

Plays
Boyd adapted two Anton Chekhov short stories – "A Visit to Friends" and "My Life (The Story of a Provincial)" – to create the play Longing. The play, directed by Nina Raine and performed at London's Hampstead Theatre, starred Jonathan Bailey, Tamsin Greig, Natasha Little, Eve Ponsonby, John Sessions and Catrin Stewart. Previews began on 28 February 2013; the press night was 7 March 2013. Boyd, who was theatre critic for the University of Glasgow in the 1970s and has many actor friends, refers to his ambition to write a play as finally getting "this monkey off my back". A further play by Boyd, The Argument, described as a Strindberg-like take on human dynamics, was performed at Hampstead Theatre Downstairs in March 2016. Both plays have been published.

Non-fiction
Protobiography, an autobiographical work by Boyd that recalls his early childhood, was published initially in 1998 by Bridgewater Press in a limited edition. A paperback edition was published in 2005 by Penguin Books. A collection of Boyd's journalism and other non-fiction writing was published in 2005 as Bamboo.

Nat Tate hoax
In 1998, Boyd published Nat Tate: An American Artist 1928–1960, which presents the paintings and tragic biography of a supposed New York-based 1950s abstract expressionist painter named Nat Tate, who actually never existed and was, along with his paintings, a creation of Boyd's. When the book was initially published, it was not revealed that it was a work of fiction, and some were duped by the hoax; it was launched at a lavish party, with excerpts read by David Bowie and Gore Vidal (both of whom were in on the joke), and a number of prominent members of the art world claimed to remember the artist. It caused quite a stir once the truth was revealed. The name "Nat Tate" is derived from the names of the two leading British art galleries: the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery. Boyd, who also paints, made artwork under the pseudonym of Nat Tate and sent it to auction, where it raised funds for an art charity. Nat Tate also appears in Any Human Heart, also by Boyd, with a wry footnote to the 1998 book.

Bibliography

Novels
 A Good Man in Africa; Hamish Hamilton, 1981
 An Ice-Cream War; Hamish Hamilton, 1982
 Stars and Bars; Hamish Hamilton, 1984
 The New Confessions; Hamish Hamilton, 1987
 Brazzaville Beach; Sinclair-Stevenson, 1990
 The Blue Afternoon; Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993
 Armadillo; Hamish Hamilton, 1998
 Nat Tate: An American Artist 1928–1960; 21 Publishing, 1998
 Any Human Heart; Hamish Hamilton, 2002
 Restless; Bloomsbury, 2006
 Ordinary Thunderstorms; Bloomsbury, 2009
 Waiting for Sunrise; Bloomsbury, 2012
 Solo; Jonathan Cape, 2013
 Sweet Caress; Bloomsbury, 2015
 Love is Blind; Viking Penguin, 2018
 Trio; Viking Penguin, 2020
 The Romantic; Viking Penguin, 2022

Unpublished
 Against the Day
 Truelove at 29

Short-story collections
 On the Yankee Station; Hamish Hamilton, 1981
 The Destiny of Nathalie 'X'; Sinclair-Stevenson, 1995
 Fascination; Hamish Hamilton, 2004
 The Dream Lover; Bloomsbury, 2008. This combines the short story collections in On the Yankee Station (1981) and The Destiny of Nathalie 'X''' (1995)
 The Dreams of Bethany Mellmoth; Viking Press, 2017. This includes "The Dreams of Bethany Mellmoth" (short story), first published in Notes from the Underground, 2007

Plays
 School Ties; Hamish Hamilton, 1985
 Longing (based on two Anton Chekhov stories); Methuen Drama, 2013
 The Argument; Methuen Drama, 2016

ScreenplaysGood and Bad at Games (1983)Dutch Girls (1985)Scoop (1987)Stars and Bars (1988)Mister Johnson (1990)Tune in Tomorrow (1990)Chaplin (1992)A Good Man in Africa (1994)The Trench (1999)Armadillo (2001)Sword of Honour (2001)Man to Man (2005)A Waste of Shame (2005)Any Human Heart (2010)Restless (2012)Spy City (2020)

Radio
 The McFeggan Offensive, 2020

Non-fiction
 Protobiography; Bridgewater Press, 1998 (limited edition)
 Bamboo; Hamish Hamilton, 2005

Book reviews

Literary prizes and awards
1981 Whitbread First Novel Award for A Good Man in Africa1982   Mail on Sunday/John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for  An Ice-Cream War1982 Somerset Maugham Award for A Good Man in Africa1983 Selected as one of the 20 "Best of Young British Novelists" by Granta magazine and the Book Marketing Council
1990 James Tait Black Memorial Prize (for fiction) for Brazzaville Beach1991 McVitie's Prize for Scottish Writer of the Year for Brazzaville Beach1993 The Sunday Express Book of the Year for The Blue Afternoon1995 Los Angeles Times Book Prize (Fiction) for The Blue Afternoon2003 Prix Jean Monnet de Littérature Européenne for Any Human Heart2003 Grand prix des lectrices de Elle for  À livre ouvert, French language edition of Any Human Heart2004 Shortlisted for International Dublin Literary Award for  Any Human Heart2006 Costa Book Award for Restless2007 Shortlisted for British Book Awards Richard & Judy Best Read of the Year for Restless''

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

 William Boyd page on Penguin UK

 Archival material at Leeds University Library

1952 births
20th-century British dramatists and playwrights
20th-century British male writers
20th-century British non-fiction writers
20th-century British novelists
20th-century British screenwriters
20th-century British short story writers
20th-century British essayists
20th-century Scottish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Scottish novelists
20th-century Scottish writers
21st-century British dramatists and playwrights
21st-century British male writers
21st-century British non-fiction writers
21st-century British novelists
21st-century British screenwriters
21st-century British short story writers
21st-century British essayists
21st-century Scottish dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Scottish novelists
21st-century Scottish writers
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
British expatriates in Nigeria
British male dramatists and playwrights
British male non-fiction writers
British male screenwriters
British male short story writers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Costa Book Award winners
Fellows of St Hilda's College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Ghanaian people of British descent
Ghanaian people of Scottish descent
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winners
Living people
New Statesman people
People educated at Gordonstoun
Writers from Accra
Postmodern writers
Scottish art critics
20th-century Scottish autobiographers
Scottish literary critics
Scottish dramatists and playwrights
Scottish male novelists
Scottish non-fiction writers
Scottish screenwriters
Scottish short story writers
Côte d'Azur University alumni

William Boyd (writer)


Ryoji Yamanaka (født 19. april 1983) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Mito HollyHock.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Ryoji Yamanaka


Die Route nationale 737, kurz N 737 oder RN 737, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die von 1933 bis 1973 in drei Abschnitten zwischen einer Kreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 11 bei Saint-Maixent-l'École und Angoulême verlief. Ihre Gesamtlänge betrug 99 Kilometer.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française 737 auf WikiSara (französisch)

737

Route nationale 737


Le cosaque Mamaï (en ) est un héros folklorique ukrainien, l'un des personnages standard du théâtre de marionnettes itinérant traditionnel ukrainien, le Vertep.

Présentation

Les cosaques Mamaï sont présents dans les légendes, les contes folkloriques et les proverbes. Ceux-ci sont devenus très populaires après la chute du pouvoir cosaque de la Sitch zaporogue en 1775.

Le cosaque Mamaï est l'un des personnages les plus courants de la peinture populaire ukrainienne, de la fin du  à nos jours. Dans les centaines de peintures survivantes, le cosaque Mamaï est généralement représenté avec un kobza, un instrument de musique semblable à un luth, symbole de l'âme ukrainienne ; un cheval, qui représentait à la fois la liberté et la fidélité ; et un chêne servant de support à ses armes, symbolisant la force du peuple.

Les peintures du  dépeignent parfois les cosaques Mamaï sur fond d'incidents violents à l'égard des Polonais ou des Juifs.

Sur la pièce de monnaie ukrainienne de 1997 frappée par la Banque nationale d'Ukraine, le cosaque Mamaï est vêtu d'un riche manteau de fourrure et assis les jambes croisées, fumant une pipe et jouant du kobza. Les éléments traditionnels de la vie militaire cosaque se trouvent autour de Mamaï : un cheval avec un riche harnais, attaché à une lance avec un drapeau planté dans le sol ; un chêne vert auquel pend un sabre ; un pistolet et un étui à poudre de pierre ; un kalpak turc (chapeau haut) ; et une bouteille d'eau-de-vie ukrainienne d'okovyta.

Liens externes
"Kozak Mamai" dans l'histoire de la région de Tchyhyryne.
Youri Chilov, Histoire des cosaques Mamaï

Culture ukrainienne
Cosaques d'Ukraine
Militaire ukrainien
Histoire de l'Ukraine
Marionnette (personnage)
Armée zaporogue

Cosaque Mamaï


Switched at Birth er en amerikansk tv-drama-serie, der havde premiere på ABC Family den 6. juni 2011.

Serieoversigt

Afsnit

Sæson 1 (2011-12)

Sæson 2 (2013)

Referencer

Switched at Birth

Episoder af Switched at Birth


Alman Federal Basın Birliği (Almanca:Bundespressekonferenz), Almanya'da medya mensuplarının mesleki birliği. Kısaca BPK olarak adlandırılan birlik, ağırlıkla Alman iç siyasetini ve Almanya'yı Berlin ve Bonn'dan izleyen basın mensuplarından meydana gelir. 1949 yılında kurulan birlik, faaliyet giderlerini üye aidatlarıyla karşılamaktadır. Üye sayısı 2009 itibarıyla 922'dir.

Başkanlar

 1950-1951: Irnfried von Wechmar
 1951-1952: Fritz Brühl
 1952: Karl Lohmann
 1953: Franz Rodens
 1953-1954: Wilhelm K.Paenhoff
 1954-1956: Ferdinand Himpele
 1956-1961: Harald O. Herrmann
 1961-1962: Kurt Dietrich
 1962-1963: Reinhard Appel
 1963-1967: Hans Viefhaus
 1968-1970: Hans Reiser
 1971: Ernst Ney
 1972-1973: Jürgen Lorenz
 1974-1975: Hans Werner Kettenbach
 1976-1980: Ernst Ney
 1981-1989: Rudolf Strauch
 1990-1995: Sten Martenson
 1995-1999: Heinz İsveç
 1999-2003: Tissy Bruns
 2003-2011: Werner Goessling
 2011-2020: Gregor Mayntz
 2020'den beri: Mathis Feldhoff

Dış bağlantılar
 BPK

Almanya medyası
1949'da kurulan kuruluşlar

Bundespressekonferenz


OS X Mountain Lion, , ist als Version 10.8 die neunte Hauptversion von macOS, dem Desktop-Betriebssystem von Apple. Mit dieser Ausgabe wurde die ursprünglich als "Mac OS X" eingeführte Systemlinie in "OS X" umbenannt, das "Mac" im Namen entfiel. Diese Hauptversion folgte auf Mac OS X Lion und wurde am 25. Juli 2012 veröffentlicht. Sie setzt die mit dem Vorgänger begonnene Integration von Software für und Gestaltungskonzepten aus iOS fort.

Mountain Lion wurde ausschließlich über den Mac App Store, zu einem Preis von 17,99 Euro (entspricht inflationsbereinigt  rund  €) bzw. 20 Franken (: ≈  CHF), vertrieben. Dieser Distributionsweg war bereits mit der Vorgängerversion eingeführt worden, die allerdings auch noch auf einem USB-Speichermedium erhältlich war. In den ersten vier Tagen nach Veröffentlichungen wurden drei Millionen Kopien der Software verkauft, bis Mitte September 2012 sieben Millionen Kopien.

Das Betriebssystem wurde am 16. Februar 2012 als Beta-Version erstmals der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Die erste Entwicklervorschau wurde am selben Tag veröffentlicht.

Die letzte Aktualisierung ist Version 10.8.5 vom 12. September 2013. Am 22. Oktober 2013 wurde OS X Mavericks, Version 10.9, als Nachfolger veröffentlicht.

Änderungen und Neuerungen (Auswahl)
 Systemweite AirPlay-Unterstützung, bisher war dies nur für Audioinhalte in iTunes möglich (nur auf neueren Computermodellen)
 Systemweite AirPlay-Unterstützung für Audioinhalte, einschließlich Synchronisation von QuickTime-Videos (auf allen Modellen)
 Umfassendere Integration des Cloud-Computing-Dienstes iCloud
 Diktierfunktion (Spracherkennung wird auf Apple-Servern ausgeführt)
 Integration des Spiele-Netzwerks Game Center
 Messages (Nachrichten), Instant Messaging, ersetzt iChat, unterstützt ebenfalls iMessage, als Beta-Version bereits für "Lion" verfügbar
 Erinnerungen, Aufgabenverwaltung
 Mitteilungszentrale, systemweiter Benachrichtigungsdienst
 Notizen, Programm zur Verwaltung von Notizen, bisher in Mail integriert
 Gatekeeper, Hintergrunddienst zur optionalen Einschränkung der Installationsquellen von Drittanbieter-Software, Überwachung von Programmstarts
 Integration des Kurznachrichtendienstes Twitter und des sozialen Netzwerks Facebook
 Power Nap – Backup und Synchronisation im Ruhemodus, nur auf ausgewählten aktuellen Computermodellen
 Das bisher eigenständige Programm Softwareaktualisierung wird in den Mac App Store integriert
 Safari 6, überarbeitete Suchfunktion via Adressleiste, Synchronisation von geöffneten Webseiten (Tabs) mit Safari auf iOS-Geräten
 erweiterte Chinesisch-Unterstützung (Eingabemethoden, Schriftarten, Wörterbuch)
 RSS-Unterstützung im E-Mail-Programm und dem Browser Safari entfällt
 X11.app ist nicht länger Bestandteil des Betriebssystems, Apple unterstützt stattdessen die Weiterentwicklung von XQuartz und leitet auf dieses Projekt weiter

Systemanforderungen
OS X Mountain Lion setzt folgende Hardware voraus:
 iMac (ab fünfte Generation, August 2007)
 MacBook (ab 13″-Unibody-Modell, 2008, ab 13″-Modell, Anfang 2009)
 MacBook Pro (ab 13″-Modell, siebte Generation Juni 2009; ab 15″- und 17″-Modell, dritte Generation Juni 2007)
 MacBook Air (ab Ende 2008)
 Mac mini (ab dritte Generation März 2009)
 Mac Pro (ab Januar 2008)
 Xserve (ab Frühjahr 2009)

Versionsgeschichte

Weblinks
 Produktwebseite des Herstellers
 John Siracusa: OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: the Ars Technica review. Ars Technica, 25. Juli 2012.
 RoaringApps: Kompatibilitätsliste von Drittanbieter-Programmen

Einzelnachweise

Mac OS X 1008
Historische Software

OS X Mountain Lion


Amphoe Huai Rat () est un amphoe de la province de Buriram.

Histoire

Géographie

Démographie

Points d'intérêt

Références

Liens externes

Huai Rat

Amphoe Huai Rat


Monte Finkol' es el punto más alto de la isla de Kosrae en los Estados Federados de Micronesia, en Oceanía. Administrativamente se encuentra en el estado de Kosrae en las coordenadas geográficas . Se eleva a una altura de 2.064 pies (619 metros).

Véase también
 Geografía de los Estados Federados de Micronesia
 Geografía de Oceanía

Referencias

 Bendure, G. & Friary, N. (1988) Micronesia:A travel survival kit. South Yarra, VIC: Lonely Planet

Enlaces externos
 Información sobre la Montaña

Montañas de Estados Federados de Micronesia
Estado de Kosrae

Monte Finkol


Die Knippertzmühle war eine Wassermühle mit einem unterschlächtigen Wasserrad.

Geographie
Die Knippertzmühle hatte ihren Standort zwischen Rickelrath und Peel am Südrand des NATO-Hauptquartiers in der Nähe vom Eichhof an der Eichhofstraße. Der Mühle vorgelagert war ein Weiher, der heute den Zweck eines Regenrückhaltebeckens erfüllt. Der Wasserspiegel liegt heute bei . Die Mühle lag im sogenannten Dreiländereck, denn hier liegen der ehemalige Kreis Kempen, der Kreis Heinsberg und die Stadt Mönchengladbach zusammen. Der Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf grenzt dort an den ehemaligen Regierungsbezirk Aachen. Ein Teil der Mühle lag im Bereich der Stadt Wegberg.

Gewässer
Die Knippertzmühle lag am Knippertzbach, der in Rheindahlen an der Broicher Straße beginnt und in der Nähe der Papelter Mühle in die Schwalm fließt. Der Knippertzbach hat eine Länge von 6705 Metern. Der Bachbeginn liegt bei , die Mündung in die Schwalm in der Nähe von Schwaam bei . Etwa einen Kilometer vor der Mündung in die Schwalm nimmt der Knippertzbach den Hellbach auf, der zur Oberflächenentwässerung aus dem Raume Leloh und NATO-Hauptquartier dient. Die Pflege und Unterhaltung des Gewässers obliegt dem Schwalmverband, der in Brüggen seinen Sitz hat.

Geschichte
Zu den ganz wenigen Mühlen im Schwalmtal, die außer einem kleinen Weiher nichts mehr hinterlassen haben, zählt die Knippertzmühle. Schon 1920 wurde sie von der öffentlichen Hand aufgekauft und wegen Baufälligkeit abgebrochen.

Bach, Mühle und Müller trugen mindestens seit Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts denselben Namen, was auf eine lange Zusammengehörigkeit hinweist. Sie war eine Öl- und Mahlmühle mit einem unterschlächtigen Mühlrad mit einem Weiher. In der Ferrariskarte "Cruchten" von 1771 ist die Mühle mit Knippers Meulen genannt. Schon 1223 gab es einen Streit zwischen dem Kölner Domkapitel und Otto I. von Hochstaden-Wickrath, über die Waidgerechtigkeit und diese Mühle. Weitere Informationen über die Mühle liegen nicht vor, es ist aber bekannt, dass sie ein unterschlächtiges Wasserrad besaß und 1830 bei amtlichen Ermittlungen als Mahlmühle registriert wurde. Der Müller Johann Heinrich Knippertz war der letzte, der die Mühle bis zum Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts bewirtschaftete. Um das Jahr 1920 wurde die mittlerweile stillgelegte Mühle an die Stadt Rheindahlen verkauft. Da das Mauerwerk durchfeuchtet war, wurde das Gebäude im Jahr 1922 wegen Baufälligkeit abgerissen.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Mühlentour

Einzelnachweise

Wassermühle in Wegberg
Mühle in Europa

Knippertzmühle


Fast Rente
Ved fast rente, forstås lånets renteprocent %, når en låne aftale indgås. Fast rente er ensbetydende med at renten man betaler forbliver den samme gennem hele lånets løbetid, altså at ydelsen udgør en (fast) procentdel af lånets størrelse. Med en fast rente kan du derfor vide dig sikker på lånets fremtidige afdrag i modsætning til et lån med variabelrente. Fast Rente forekommer også i forbindelse med opsparingskonto, hvor der kan stilles krav til man deponerer i en given periode og ofte er betinget af at en given sum deponeres.

Danmarks Nationalbank
Danmarks Nationalbank bruger udtrykket fast rente i forbindelse med obligation.

Eksempler hvor Fast Rente anvendes

 Danmarks Nationalbank
 Danske Bank
 Jyske Bank
 Sydbank

Kilder
 Danmarks Nationalbank
 www.danskebank.dk
 Jyskebank.dk
 Sydbank

Referencer

Se også
 Rente

Renteformer

Fast rente


Mato Rico es un municipio brasileiro del estado del Paraná. Según el Censo IBGE cuenta con una población de 3822 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Confederación Nacional de Municipios

Localidades de Paraná

Mato Rico


The Gulfstream IV (or G-IV or GIV) and derivatives are a family of twinjet aircraft, mainly for private or business use. They were designed and built by Gulfstream Aerospace, a General Dynamics company based in Savannah, Georgia, United States, from 1985 until 2018. Aircraft power is provided by two Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay turbofans.

Upon delivery of the last G450, over 900 GIV/GIV-SP/G450 units had been produced. The last G450 was delivered on 19 January 2018 after 365 deliveries over 12 years, ending a 30-year production run, to be replaced by the G500.

Development

Gulfstream, in collaboration with Grumman, began work on the Gulfstream IV in March 1983 as a re-engined, stretched fuselage derivative of the Gulfstream III.
The first GIV made its maiden flight on September 19, 1985. The model received type certification from the FAA on April 22, 1987. The G-IV entered into service with serial number 1000 in 1987 and was upgraded to the special purpose GIV-SP version at serial number 1214 in 1993.  It was later redesignated G400 at serial number 1500.
A shorter range variant was created based on the GIV and given the G300 designation in 2002.

In 2001, Gulfstream began work on an improved version of the GIV-SP, originally designated GIV-X.  It was later renamed G450.  The G450 is lengthened 1 ft (0.305 m) over the G400 and shares the forward fuselage and larger cockpit of the G550.  Following its first flight on 30 April 2003, production of the G450 began in October 2004, replacing the G400.  The G450 has better performance and comes with the PlaneView cockpit with four 14-inch (355 mm) liquid crystal displays and a Head up display (HUD).  The shorter range G350 version of the G450 was developed and received certification in 2004.

By 2018, 1990 to 1992 GIVs were for sale at $1.6-4.4 million, 1992 to 1999 GIVSPs were listed for $1.25-5.2 million, 15-year-old G300s and G400s were available for $4.5-7 million and 2006 to 2016 G450s at $9.95-23.75 million.

Design

Compared to the Gulfstream III, a decision to redesign the wing structure for weight reduction presented an opportunity for an aerodynamic redesign of the wing to reduce cruise drag and increase range. Wing contour modifications had to be restricted to the forward 65% of wing chord so that no redesign of the control surfaces would be necessary. Modification of the inboard wing would have entailed a redesign of the fuselage floor structure, consequently this region of the wing was not modified. Outboard wing modifications were aimed at reducing the peak subcritical pressure coefficient and moving it aft in an effort to reduce shock strength and increase shock sweep.

At 12,420 lbs, the Rolls-Royce Tay fanjet engines provided more thrust than the 11,400 lbs of the Gulfstream III. Speed, noise levels, emissions, fuel economy, range, and cargo capacity were also markedly improved over the earlier model.

The Gulfstream IV wing has a weaker, more swept outboard shock resulting in a lower cruise drag. Other benefits arising from this design are a lower root bending moment due to the more inboard center of pressure, a lower stall speed due to washout and a larger fuel volume due to increased chord. These aerodynamic improvements result in an increase in range of over 300 nautical miles.
In addition to the wing redesign, the Gulfstream IV also became the first business jet to have an entire glass cockpit.

The G400 has a large cabin, long range of 4,350 nautical miles (8,060 km) and the same comfort and design that characterize the G series. Maximum cruise height and speed are 45,000 ft and Mach 0.85. Earlier models were fitted with Honeywell's SPZ 8000 Avionics package. The SPZ 8400 Avionics Package was an option, becoming standard on later models. Its second-hand price was below $15 million (~$ in ) in 2009. Gulfstream had also considered making a  longer, 24-27 seat model for airline use.

Operational history

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates a GIV-SP (N49RF) modified to fly scientists and crew members at 45,000 feet around tropical cyclones. The aircraft was modified to drop instruments called "dropsondes" to measure windspeed, barometric pressure, humidity, and temperature as they fall to the surface of the ocean. By sampling the cyclone with these dropsondes over a 4,000 mile track around the storm, the forecasters at NOAA's National Hurricane Center and Hurricane Research Division can better predict where the hurricane will be "steered" by the upper level winds. They also predict wind shear that will either increase or decrease a hurricane's strength. The GIV-SP is suited for this mission since it is fast, and can fly long distances with ample cabin space for the crew and instruments.  In 2009, the NOAA GIV-SP was further modified by the addition of a side-scanning Doppler radar to the rear fuselage. This radar is used for storm cloud profiling.

In June 1987 a Gulfstream IV set 22 world records in its class in flying west around the world in 45 hr 25 min.  The next year another GIV set 11 world records flying east around the world.  In 1990, Gulfstream CEO Allen Paulson and a Gulfstream flight crew set 35 international records for around-the-world flight in a GIV.

Variants

C-20F/G/H/J military variants

The U.S. military variant of the IV, designated C-20F/G/H/J Gulfstream IV in Department of Defense service.  The C-20F is a GIV model operated by the U.S. Army in a command/executive transport role.

The C-20G aircraft may be configured for cargo operations, 26 passenger operations or combinations of the two. With passengers seats removed, it may be configured as three pallets with no passengers or two pallets and eight passengers or one pallet and fourteen passengers. With full seating, the aircraft is capable of accommodating up to twenty-six passengers and a crew of four. A hydraulically operated cargo door is installed on the starboard side of the aircraft, and a ball roller cargo floor is capable of accommodating palletized cargo.  The C-20G was operated by Fleet Logistics Support Squadron Four Eight (VR-48) at Naval Air Facility, Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland before its 2012 deactivation. It is operated by VMR Detachment Kaneohe Bay, Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Marine Corps Base Hawaii. The C-20G is also known as the "Grey Ghost"

The C-20H is a GIV-SP model operated by the U.S. Air Force in a command/executive transport role.  The C-20J is a GIV-SP model operated by the U.S. Army in a command/executive transport role.

The United States Department of Defense C-20A/B/C/D/E aircraft are all Gulfstream III variants.

G350/G450

The G450 is a designation for the model GIV-X, approved by the FAA on August 12, 2004, as is the G350, which has a reduced fuel capacity. Compared to the Gulfstream IV, its fuselage is 12 inches longer and the main entry door relocated aft. The Rolls-Royce Tay 611 engines are replaced by 611-8Cs with FADEC, redesigned thrust reversers, nacelles and pylons which increases range and payload, coupled with  aerodynamic improvements. Many Gulfstream V-SP improvements are used: the Honeywell advanced flight deck display suite, electrical power generation, cabin temperature control and pressurization, nose and nose landing gear. It also has an improved APU and flap/stab actuation system, redesigned main landing gear wheels and brakes, flight control system hard-over protection system.

By the end of the G450 production run, 365 aircraft were produced, with prices ranging from $15 million to $32 million.

Operators

Civil operators

The aircraft is operated by private individuals, companies and executive charter operators, and in fractional ownership programs.

Government and military operators

 Sultan of Brunei

 Chilean Air Force

 Côte d'Ivoire Air Force

 Japan Air Self-Defense Force

 Sultan of Johor

 Royal Netherlands Air Force

 Pakistan Air Force

 Royal Saudi Air Force

 Swedish Air Force

 Tanzania Air Force Command

 United States Air Force
 United States Army
 United States Navy
 United States Marine Corps
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Former military operators

 The Irish Air Corps previously operated a G-IV as a government transport.

 The Government of Uganda purchased one G-IV SP in December 2000 at a cost of US$31.5 million for Presidential flights. It was replaced in February 2009 by a G550.

Specifications

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Gulfstream aircraft
1980s United States business aircraft
Twinjets
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1985
Low-wing aircraft

Gulfstream IV


ගැලීලියානු චන්ද්‍රයින් යනු වර්ෂ 1610 ජනවාරි මාසයේ ගැලීලියෝ ගැලීලි විසින් සොයාගන්නාලද බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයාගේ චන්ද්‍රයන් සතරකි. මේවා බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයා සතු විශාලතම චන්ද්‍රයන් සතර වන අතර ඒවා සියුස් දෙවියාගේ පෙම්වතියන් සිව්දෙනෙක් වන ආයෝ, යුරෝපා, ගැනිමීඩ් සහ කැලිස්ටෝ යන නම් වලින් නම් කර ඇත. සූර්යයා සහ අනෙකුත් ප්‍රධාන ග්‍රහලෝක අට හැරුනු විට සූර්යග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලය තුල පවතින විශාතම වස්තූන් අතර මෙම චන්ද්‍රයින් ද වේ. මේවා විශාලත්වයෙන් අනෙකුත් සියළුම වාමන ග්‍රහලෝක අභිබවයි.

මෙම චන්ද්‍රයින් සොයාගන්නා ලද්දේ වර්ෂ 1609 සහ 1610 පමණ කාලය තුලදී ගැලීලියෝ විසින් ඔහුගේ දුරේක්ෂය වැඩිදියුණු කිරීමෙන් පසු වඩාත් පැහැදිළිව දුරස්ථ ආකාශ වස්තූන් නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීමට ඔහුට හැකිවූ බැවිනි. ගැලීලියෝගේ මෙම සොයාගැනීම මඟින් අභ්‍යවකාශය තුළ පියවි ඇසින් දැකිය නොහැකි වස්තූන් ඇති බව මෙන්ම තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයින්හට අභ්‍යවකාශ නිරීක්ෂණයේ දී දුරේක්ෂය භාවිතයේ ඇති වැදගත්කම ද පෙන්වාදෙන ලදී. වඩාත්ම වැදගත් කරුණක් වන්නේ එවකට පිළිගැනීමට ලක්ව තිබූ භුකේන්ද්‍ර වාදය එනම් සියළු ආකාශ වස්තූන් පෘථීවිය වටා භ්‍රමණය වන බව, පෘථීවිය නොවන වෙනත් වස්තුවක් වටා භ්‍රමණය වන අභ්‍යවකාශ වස්තූන් සොයාගැනීම හේතුවෙන් බිඳවැටීමයි.

ගැලීලියෝ විසින් මේවා Cosmica Sidera (කොසිමෝ ගේ තාරකා) ලෙස මුලින්ම හැඳින්වූ අතර වර්තමානයේ පවතින නම් තෝරාගන්නා ලද්දේ ජර්මන් ජාතික තාරකාවිද්‍යාඥයෙකු වූ සිමොන් මාරියස් විසිනි. මාරියස් විසින් ද මෙම චන්ද්‍රයන් ගැලීලියෝට සමකාලීනව සොයාගෙන ඇති අතර තාරකාවිද්‍යාඥ ජොහැන්ස් කෙප්ලර් විසින් වර්ෂ 1614 දී පලවූ  Mundus Jovialis නම් කෘතියෙහි යෝජනාකල පරිදි මෙම චන්ද්‍රයින්ට ඒවායේ වර්තමාන නම් ලැබී ඇත.

ඉතිහාසය

සොයාගැනීම

ගැලීලියෝ ගැලීලි විසින් ඔහුගේ දුරේක්ෂය සිදුකරන ලද වැඩිදියුණු කිරීම් හමුවේ 20× විශාලන බලයක් සහිතව, මින් පෙර නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීමට නොහැකිව තිබූ ආකාශ වස්තූන් පැහැදිලිව නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීමට ඔහුට හැකිවිය. එමඟින් වර්ෂ 1609 දෙසැම්බර් සහ 1610 ජනවාරි අතර කාලය තුලදී ගැලීලි හට මෙම ගැලීලියානු චන්ද්‍රයින් සොයාගැනීමට හැකිවිය.

වර්ෂ 1610 ජනවාරි මස 7 වැනි දින බ්‍රහස්පතිගේ චන්ද්‍රයින් පිළිබඳ ප්‍රථමවරට සඳහනක් කරමින් ලිපියක් ලියනු ලැබීය. එවිට ඔහු නිරීක්ෂණය කර තිබුණේ ඒවායින් චන්ද්‍රයන් ත්‍රිත්වයක් පමණක් වන අතර ඔහු ඒවා බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයා අසල පිහිටි ස්ථාවර තාරකාවන් ලෙස විශ්වාසකලේය. අනතුරුව ඔහු තවදුරටත් මෙම ඛගෝලය නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීමේ කටයුතු වල ජනවාරි 8 වෙනි දින සිට මාර්තු 2 වෙනි දින දක්වා නිරතවූවේය. එහිදී ඔහු සතරවන අවකාශ වස්තුව ද සොයාගන්නා ලදී. තවද ඒවා ස්ථාවර තාරකා සතරක් නොවන බවත් ඒවා බ්‍රහස්පති වටා පරිභ්‍රමණය වන බවත් ඔහු විසින් නිරීක්ෂණය කරන ලදී.

ගැලීලියෝගේ මෙම සොයාගැනීම තුලින් අභ්‍යවකාශයේ මෙතෙක් පියවි ඇසකින් නොදුටු වස්තූන් සොයාගැනීමට ඇති බව තාරකාවිද්‍යාඥයින් හට පෙන්වාදෙන ලද අතර අභ්‍යවකාශ නිරීක්ෂණයේදී උපකරණයක් ලෙස දුරේක්ෂය භාවිතයේ වැදගත්කම ද පෙන්වාදෙන ලදී. වඩාත් වැදගත් කරුණක් වනුයේ පෘථිවිය නොවන වස්තුවක් වටා භ්‍රමණය වන තවත් ආකාශ වස්තූන් සොයාගැනීමෙන් එවකට පිළිගැනීමට ලක්ව තිබූ භුකේන්ද්‍රවාදය එනම් පෘථිවිය විශ්වයේ මධ්‍යයේ පිහිටන අතර අනෙකුත් ආකාශ වස්තූන් පෘථිවිය වටා භ්‍රමණය වන බව පිළිගැනීම අභියෝගයට ලක්වීමයි. එහෙත් ඔහුගේ දුරේක්ෂය භාවිතකර සිදුකල ආකාශ නිරීක්ෂණයන් පිළිබඳ පලකල Sidereus Nuncius (තරු දූතයා) නම් කෘතියෙහි කොපර්නික්ස් ගේ සූර්ය කේන්ද්‍රවාදය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිළි සඳහනක් නොතැබූවා පමණක් නොව කොපර්නික්ස් ගේ සූර්ය කේන්ද්‍රවාදය ඔහු පිළිනොගත්තේය. මෙම සොයාගැනීම් වල ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වශයෙන් ගැලීලියානු චන්ද්‍රයින්ගේ කක්ෂ කාලාවර්තය මත පදනම්ව දේශාංශ නිර්ණය කිරීමේ ක්‍රමවේදයක් සකස්කිරීමටද ගැලීලියෝට හැකිවිය.

තාරකාවිද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ඉතිහාසඥයෙකු වූ චීන ජාතික Xi Zezong සඳහන් කරන අන්දමට ක්‍රි. පූ 362 දී එනම් ගැලීලියෝගේ සොයාගැන්මට සහවස් දෙකකට පමණ ඉහතදී චීන ජාතික තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයෙකු වූ  Gan De නමැත්තා විසින් බ්‍රහස්පති අසල නිරීක්ෂණය කරනු ලැබූ  "රතු පැහැයට හුරු කුඩා තරුව" ගැනිමීඩ් ග්‍රහයා විය හැකි බවයි.

මෙඩිසිවරුන්ට පිළිගැන්වීම

නාමකරණය

මුලින්ම ගැලීලියෝ විසින් ඔහුගේ මෙම සොයාගැනීම කොසිමෝ ඩි මෙඩිසි නම් ආදිපාදවරයාට ගෞරවයක් වශයෙන්  Cosmica Sidera (කොසිමෝ ගේ තාරකා) ලෙස හැඳින්වූ අතර පසුව කොසිමෝ ගේ යෝජනාවකට අනුව කොසිමෝ, ෆ්‍රාන්සෙස්කෝ, කාලෝ සහ ලොරන්සෝ යන මෙඩිසි සහෝදරයන් සතරදෙනාටම ගෞරවයක් වශයෙන් Medicea Sidera (මෙඩිසියානු තාරකා) ලෙස ගැලීලියෝ විසින් නම වෙනස් කරනලදී. මෙම සොයාගැනීම ඒවායේ පලමු නිරීක්ෂණයෙන් මාස දෙකකට අඩු කලෙකදී එනම් වර්ෂ 1610 මාර්තු මාසයේ වැනීසියේ  Sidereus Nuncius (තරු දූතයා) නම් කෘතියෙහි පල විය.

වෙනත් නාමකරණයන්

 I. Principharus (ටස්කෙනියේ කුමරු), II. Victripharus (Vittoria della Rovere පසු), III. Cosmipharus (Cosimo de' Medici ට පසු) සහ IV. Fernipharus (ආදිපාද Ferdinando de' Medici ට පසු ) - ගැලීලියෝ ගැලීලිගේ ශිෂ්‍යෙයකු සහ (Medicaeorum Ephemerides, 1656) නම් කෘතියෙහි කතෘවරයා වූ Giovanni Battista Hodierna විසින්.
 Circulatores Jovis හෝ Jovis Comites - Johannes Hevelius විසින්
 Gardes හෝ Satellites (ලතින් භාෂාවෙන් satelles, satellitis, පරිවාරකයෝ යන තේරුම දේ) -Jacques Ozanam විසින්.

මෙම චන්ද්‍රයින්ගේ වර්තමාන නාමයන් ගැලීලියෝට සමකාලීනවම මෙවා සොයාගත් සිමොන් මාරියස් විසින් නම් කල ඒවා වන අතර ඔහු ඒවා නම්කරන ලද්දේ වර්ෂ 1614 දී ජොහැන්ස් කෙප්ලර් විසින් පලකරන ලද  Mundus Jovialis නම් කෘතියේ යෝජනා කල පරිදි සියුස් දෙවියාගේ (ග්‍රීකයින්ට අනුව ජුපිටර් දෙවියා) පෙම්වතියන් වන ආයෝ, යුරෝපා, ගැනිමීඩ් සහ කැලිස්ටෝ යන සතරදෙනාගේ නම් වලිනි.

ගැලීලියෝ විසින් මාරියස්ගේ නාමකරණය එකහෙලාම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කල අතර මේ නිසා ඔහු විසින් මෙම චන්ද්‍රයින් නම් කිරීම සඳහා නව අංකන ක්‍රමයක් ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී. එම අංකන ක්‍රමය වර්තමානයේ ද චන්ද්‍රයන්ගේ නියම නම් වලට සමගාමීව භාවිතකෙර්. අංකනය කිරීම සිදුවන්නේ බ්‍රහස්පතිගේ සිට පිටතටය. එම නිසා  I, II, III සහ IV යන අංක පිළිවෙලින් ආයෝ, යුරෝපා, ගැනිමීඩ් සහ කැලිස්ටෝ හට හිමිවේ. ගැලීලියෝ විසින් මෙම අංකන ක්‍රමය ඔහුගේ සටහන් පොත් වල භාවිත කලද කිසි දිනක පලකලේ නැත. මෙම අංකනය කිරීම විසිවෙනි සියවසේ මැද භාගය වනතෙක්ම භාවිත වුවද අනෙකුත් ඇතුලත කක්ෂයන්හි වූ චන්ද්‍රයින් සොයාගැනීම හේතුවෙන් මාරියස් ගේ නාමකරණය බහුලව භාවිත විය.

සාමාජිකයින්

තාරකා විද්‍යාව
බ්‍රහස්පති

ගැලීලියානු චන්ද්‍රයින්


Las playas del Prado  es el nombre genérico con el que se deignan las playas de la ciudad de Marsella, en Francia.

Plages du Prado fue el escenario en el año 2008 de la Copa Mundial de fútbol playa de la FIFA, con el nombre «Stade du Prado», en el torneo. En el transcurso del torneo, fue sede de 16 equipos que compitieron por el título de campeones del mundo. Todos los partidos de grupo y partidos de eliminatorias se disputaron allí. Era la primera vez que la competición se había celebrado fuera de Brasil. Se localiza específicamente en las coordenadas geográficas .

Véase también
Geografía de Francia
Geografía de Europa

Referencias

Playas de Francia
Accidentes geográficos del mar Mediterráneo
Geografía de Provenza-Alpes-Costa Azul
Bocas del Ródano
Geografía de   Marsella

Playas del Prado


ISO 14583 er en ISO standard for en maskinskrue.

En maskinskrue ISO 14583 er en af de mest brugte maskinskruer indenfor befæstelse området.

Kilde
 http://bolte.dk/maskinskruer-panhead-iso-14583/

14583

ISO 14583


مطار الكويت الدولي، يقع في محافظة الفروانية في الكويت على بعد 15.5 كيلومتر جنوب مدينة الكويت، وقد تم البدء في تأسيسه عام 1962 تحت اسم مطار المقوع. ومر على مدى السنوات بتطويرات عديدة منها إضافة مدرج ثانٍ وبرج تحكم جديد ومبنى ثاني للركاب ومحطة بضائع وأنظمة رادار، متطورة وفندق للركاب العابرين، إلا أن المطار تعرض لعملية تخريب واسعة من قبل القوات العراقية أثناء فترة احتلال الكويت في عامي 1990 و1991، وعلى إثر التجديدات التي جرت على مرافقه بعد تحرير الكويت، تم إلغاء مبنى الركاب القديم والتركيز على المبنى الأكبر، حيث تم إضافة مرافق السوق الحرة، ومع مطلع القرن الحادي والعشرين، تمت توسعة المطار بإضافة مركز تجاري ومواقف سيارات جديدة ومناطق جديدة لوزن الأمتعة، كما تم في عام 2008 افتتاح مبنى لحركة الطيران العام تم تحويله فيما بعد لخدمة رحلات طيران فلاي دبي حيث تم تغيير اسم المبنى إلى مبنى الشيخ سعد العبد الله.

ويضم المطار عدة مباني هي مبنى الركاب وتضم صالة المسافرين والمرافق اللازمة لإنهاء معاملاتهم ومركز تجاري ومبنى إدارة الطيران المدني وصالات التشريفات الوزارية المخصصة لكبار الشخصيات، كما يتضمن المبنى 10 جسور متحركة لخدمة الطائرات إضافة إلى مبنى البضائع وهو مجهز بمعدات النقل والتخزين والغرف المخصصة لحفظ البضائع الثمينة وأخرى لحفظ المواد الخطرة كالمتفجرات، والمواد المشعة، ومخازن لتبريد اللحوم وغيرها، وكذلك مبنى الشيخ سعد العبد الله للطيران العام الذي يخدم أيضاً حركة رحلات طيران فلاي دبي، ويضم المطار أيضاً مبنى لكبار الشخصيات تحت اسم المطار الأميري وكذلك قاعدة عسكرية تسمى قاعدة عبدالله المبارك الجوية ملحقة بقيادة القوات الجوية الكويتية.

تبلغ الطاقة السنوية لمبنى الركاب الرئيسي نحو 7,000,000 راكب سنوياً، ويتعامل مع المطار نحو 59 شركة طيران عالمية، ويستوعب ما يزيد على 90 طائرة في آن واحد.

ويتضمن المطار مدرجين رئيسيين متوازيين يبلغ طول الأول 3400 متر والثاني 3500 متر وعرض كل منهُما 45 متراً.

التاريخ
تأسس مطار الكويت في عام 1962 وكانت هذه هي المرحلة الأولى، وفي عام 1980 تم البدء بالمرحلة الثانية وتم إنشاء المبنى الرئيسي للمطار الذي كان على شكل طائرة على الأرض، وبلغ طوله 386 متر وعرضه 250 متر وبمساحة قدرها 58000 متر مربع، وهو مكون من ثلاثة أدوار، ويستوعب هذا المبنى سبعة ملايين مسافر سنويا.

مباني الركاب
يحتوي مطار الكويت الدولي على خمسة مباني للركاب مُنفصلة عن بعضها:

مبنى الركاب الأول
تم افتتاح المبنى في عام 1979 وهو أقدم مباني الركاب في المطار وتستخدمه الكثير من شركات الطيران ويخدم قرابة 14 مليون مُسافر سنوياً وتبلغ سعته الاستيعابية 7 ملايين راكب.

مبنى الركاب الثاني
هو مبنى ركاب قيد الإنشاء تم تدشين الأعمال به في عام 2017 في حفل رسمي حضره الرئيس التركي رجب طيب أردوغان وأمير دولة الكويت آنذاك الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح وكبار الشخصيات.، يسع المبنى 50 مليون مُسافر سنويًا واتت الحاجة لإنشاءه بسبب التزايد الكبير في أعداد المسافرين القادمين والمُغادرين.

مبنى الركاب الثالث
مبنى الشيخ سعد العبد الله للطيران العام وتم افتتاحه في عام 2009 بحضور ولي العهد الكويت نواف الأحمد الجابر الصباح، وتقدر طاقته الاستيعابيه بحوالي مليوني مُسافر سنويًا ويُستخدم كمركز للطيران الخاص في دولة الكويت.

مبنى الركاب الرابع
هو مبنى خاص للخطوط الجوية الكويتية تم تدشينه في أغسطس من عام 2018، تُقدر طاقته الاستيعابيه بحوالي 5 ملايين راكب سنويًا ويحتوي المبنى على سوق حرة مُتنوعة تحتوي على العديد من المتاجر وقاعتين للركاب الدرجة الأولى ودرجة رجال الأعمال. ويُسمى مبنى الـT4.

مبنى الركاب الخامس
هو مبنى ركاب خاص لطيران الجزيرة. تُقدر طاقته الاستيعابيه بنحو مليوني ونصف راكب سنويًا وقد تم افتتاحه في عام 2018.

مطار الكويت الدولي حالياً

افتتح سوق في مطار الكويت في مرحلته الثالثة في ربيع عام 2002 بمساحة 32 ألف متر ، وقد افتتح في عام 2001 السوق الحرة في مطار الكويت.

يحتوي مطار الكويت على فندق يضم 200 غرفة.

في يوم 2 ديسمبر 2008 أعلن مدير إدارة المشاريع بالإدارة العامة للطيران المدني مهدي الدخيل عن بدأ مشروع تطوير مطار الكويت، وإنجاز ما نسبته 80% من التطوير، وتهدف عمليات التوسعة إلى توفير المساحة اللازمة لتنفيذ مشاريع تطوير المطار ومنها إنشاء مدرج ثالث للطائرات واستطالة مدرجي المطار الموجودين، وقال بأنه تم إنجاز 85% من للمقر الرئيسي للشركة الكويتية لتزويد الطائرات بالوقود ومستودعات وقود الطائرات الجديدة والتي تهدف إلى زيادة الطاقة الاستيعابية لتلبية الطلبات المتزايدة لوقود الطائرات من قبل شركات الطيران العاملة في المطار بعد تبني إدارة المطار سياسة الأجواء المفتوحة، وتم تنفيذ هذا المشروع من قبل شركة البترول الوطنية بالتنسيق مع الشركة الكويتية لتزويد الطائرات بالوقود والإدارة العامة للطيران المدني، وقال بأنه تم إنجاز مراحل متقدمة من الهيكل المعدني لقاعة التشريفات الأميرية الجديدة والتي تنفذها وزارة الأشغال العامة بالتنسيق مع الديوان الأميري والإدارة العامة للطيران المدني، وقال بأنه تم إنجاز وتشغيل المبنى الشرقي المقابل لمنطقة صبحان لخدمة الطائرات الخاصة والإسعاف الجوي والتاكسي الجوي والطيران العمودي الخاص ونفذ المشروع من قبل شركة رويال أفييشن كويت بالتضامن مع شركة جث أفييشن من سويسرا.

في يوم الأربعاء الموافق 8 أغسطس 2018 ميلادية، دشنت الخطوط الجوية الكويتية أولى رحلاتها عبر مبناها الجديد «مبنى الركاب 4» في مطار الكويت الدولي إلى مملكة البحرين في رحلة تسويقية كانت تقل عدد من الشخصيات البارزة والإعلامية وقام بإستقبالهم ولي العهد البحريني الأمير سلمان بن حمد آل خليفة ورئيس مجلس الوزراء البحريني خليفة بن سلمان آل خليفة ووزير المواصلات والاتصالات البحريني المهندس كمال بن أحمد وعميد السلك الدبلوماسي الكويتي في البحرين عزّام الصباح.

مشاريع المطار
في يوم 31 مايو 2016 وقع وزير الأشغال الكويتي عقد مبنى الركاب الجديد رقم 2 في مطار الكويت الدولي مع شركة ليماك التركية الفائزة بالعقد بقيمة إجمالية قدرها 1.3 مليار دينار كويتي (4) مليار دولار ومن المنتظر من هذا المبنى أن يصبح محوراً إقليمياً رئيسياً في الشرق الأوسط وقد صمم هذا المبنى المصمم العالمي فوستر اند بارتنرز ومن المنتظر أن يتم تشغيله في عام 2022 بناءاً على العقد المبرم بين المقاول وحكومة دولة الكويت ومن المنتظر أن تكون سعة هذا المبنى 25 مليون راكب سنوياً مع أمكانية توسعته ليتسع إلى 50 مليون راكب في المرحلة الثانية وسيكون هذا المبنى من المباني الصديقة للبيئة حيث سيغطى سقفه بألواح الطاقة الشمسية.

في عام 2016 وقعت الإدارة العامة للطيران المدني عقد تصميم وإنشاء وإنجاز مبنى الركاب رقم 4 في مطار الكويت الدولي بسعة 5 ملايين راكب سنوياً لخدمة المطار ولتخفيف الضغط على المبنى رقم 1 لحين الانتهاء من مبنى الركاب 2 ومن المتوقع أن يتم الانتهاء من مبنى 4 في مايو من عام 2018 .

في

في 23 نوفمبر 2017 وضع رئيس الإدارة العامة للطيران المدي الشيخ سلمان الحمود حجر الأساس لمشروع تطوير البنية التحتية لمطار الكويت الدولي بحفل أقيم في على أرض المشروع بحضور مدير شركة آفيك إنترناشونال الصينية ويشتمل المشروع على تطوير المدرج الشرقي والغربي للمطار وإنشاء مدرج ثالث جديد سيعزز الطاقة الاستيعابية لمطار الكويت للمطار من 45 الفاً إلى 650 ألف حركة إقلاع وهبوط سنويا وإنشاء برج مراقبة جديد مزود بأربعة أشياء رئيسية متطورة هي نظام الرادار ونظام التحكم الآلي ونظام الاتصالات ونظام الإدارة الإرشادي، إضافة إلى إنشاء ممرات للطائرات واستحداث نفق خاص لربط مدينة الشحن المستقبلية بمبنى الركاب الجديد رقم 2، إضافة إلى خدمات البنية التحتية.

شركات الطيران

احصائيات المطار
2005 -أكتوبر 2010

تصنيف بلومبيرغ نيوز
نشرت بلومبيرغ نيوز، تصنيفًا لأفضل وأسوأ المطارات العالمية لعامِ 2018، حيث أظهرت القائمة أن مطار الكويت الدولي يُعتبر من أسوأ المطارات، حيثُ احتلَ المرتبة 141 عالميًا، وقد حصل على 5.4 نقطة.

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي لمطار الكويت الدولي

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة مطارات الكويت

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1962 في الكويت
مبان ومنشآت في مدينة الكويت
الكويت الدولي
مطارات الكويت
مطارات أسست في سنة 1962

مطار الكويت الدولي


, ජපානයේ පිහිටි ප්‍රාන්තයකි. කියුෂූ දූපතේ පිහිටා ඇත. අගනුවර නගසකි වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත
 හිරොෂීමා ප්‍රාන්තය
 නගසකි

භාහිර සබැඳි

ජපානය

නගසකි ප්‍රාන්තය


Guldborg war eine dänische Firma, die Maschinen und Motoren herstellte.

Geschichte
Die Firma wurde 1841 gegründet; sie erhielt ihren Namen nach dem Guldborgsund, der die Inseln Falster und Lolland voneinander trennt. Sie stellte Dampfmaschinen und landwirtschaftliche Geräte her. 1878 produzierte sie offenbar eine selbstfahrende Lokomobile. Den ersten Petroleummotor brachte die Firma im Jahr 1908 auf den Markt, 1916 die ersten Dieselmotoren. Guldborg existierte bis 1977.

1898 schloss Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen seine Lehre bei Guldborg ab.

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Dänemark)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Dänemark)
Industrielle Revolution
Energietechnikhersteller
Dampfmaschinentechnik
Organisation (Guldborgsund Kommune)
Industriegeschichte (Dänemark)

Guldborg (Motorenhersteller)


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Die Noord-Zuidlijn, auch Noord/Zuid-lijn, zu deutsch "Nord-Süd-Linie", ist eine U-Bahn-Strecke der Metro Amsterdam. Sie wird von der Linie M52 befahren. Die Eröffnung fand am 21. Juli 2018 statt. Ihr Bau war aufgrund der bisherigen Geschichte der Metro, sowie der komplizierten Anlage unter der historischen Innenstadt äußerst kontrovers.

Geschichte

Eine Nord-Süd-Linie existierte bereits im U-Bahnbauplan 1968, auf den sich die heutige Metro gründet. Allerdings wurde damals beschlossen, sie erst nach der heutigen Strecke der Linien M51, M53 und M54 zwischen Centraal Station und Amstelstation zu bauen, da sie mehr kosten würde und Bodensenkungen entstehen könnten. Aufgrund von Budgetüberschreitungen und großen gesellschaftlichen Widerständen, die sich unter anderem in den Streiks am Nieuwmarkt äußerten, wurde 1975 zunächst beschlossen, keine weiteren U-Bahnlinien mehr zu bauen. In den 1990er Jahren wurden die Pläne jedoch wiederbelebt, da sich die Tunnelbautechnik wesentlich weiterentwickelt hatte. Der Bau der Linie wurde am 27. November 1996 vom Stadtrat beschlossen. Der erste Spatenstich fand am 22. April 2002 statt, die eigentlichen Bauarbeiten begannen 2003.

Die Linie M52 befährt die komplette Noord/Zuidlijn von Noord bis Station Zuid. Später könnte eine Verlängerung von Zuid bis zum Flughafen Schiphol entstehen. Ursprünglich war geplant eine zweite Linie – M58 – zwischen Noord und Amstelveen Westwijk als Verstärkung der Linien M51 und M52 einzusetzen. Jedoch soll die Autobahn A 10 im Bereich Zuid verbreitert werden, weshalb die Amstelveenlijn dann nicht mehr mit der Ring- bzw. Noord/Zuidlijn verbunden werden kann. Die Linie M58 wird daher wohl nicht zustande kommen.

Betrieb
Mit Inbetriebnahme der Noord-Zuidlijn wurde das restliche Straßenbahn- und Busnetz stark umorganisiert. Grund war, dass man die Linien nach der neuen U-Bahn-Strecke ausrichten wollte. Die M52 ist damit ein Rückgrat des Amsterdamer Nahverkehrs und verkehrt hauptsächlich im 6-Minuten-Takt.

Literatur
 Bas Soetenhorst: Het wonder van de Noord/Zuidlijn. De metro die er ondanks alles kwam. Prometheus: Amsterdam, 2018, ISBN 978-90-446-3804-2

Weblinks
  (niederländisch)
 Website der GVB (niederländisch)

Einzelnachweise

Amsterdam
Metro Amsterdam

Noord-Zuidlijn


152227 Argoli este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
152227 Argoli este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Vallemare Borbona de Vincenzo Silvano Casulli. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,66 ua, o excentricitate de 0,12 și o înclinație de 5,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 152001-153000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2005
Centura de asteroizi

152227 Argoli


An Eulophia distans in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Victor Samuel Summerhayes, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ined.. An Eulophia distans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eulophia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sierra Leone. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eulophia

Eulophia distans


Bujad (lat. Pteridium), rod papratnjača iz porodice Dennstaedtiaceae, koja čini dio reda osladolike. Postoje 4 priznate vrste koje su raširene po čitavom svijetu. Značajan je i broj podvrsta )

U Hrvatskoj raste orlovska bujad, P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn i jedna njezina podvrsta P. aquilinum ssp. aquilinum

Vrste
 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
 Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon
 Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst.) Nakai
 Pteridium rostratum (Burm.fil.) Fraser-Jenk.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Denstetijevke

Bujad


عفصديق هي قرية لبنانية من قرى قضاء الكورة في محافظة الشمال.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
تجمعات أرثوذكسية شرقية في لبنان
تجمعات سنية في لبنان
قضاء الكورة
مدن لبنان

عفصديق


اربوات هي إحدى بلديات ولاية البيض. تقع في الجنوب الغربي لولاية البيض وتبعد حوالي 100 كلم عن مقر الولاية، تابعة إدارياً إلى دائرة الأبيض سيدي الشيخ التي تبعد عنها شمالاً حوالي 20 كلم. يحد البلدية شمالاً بلدية عين العراك وجنوباً بلدية الأبيض سيدي الشيخ ويحدها غرباً كل من بلديتي المحرة والشلالة وشرقاً بلديتي بريزينة والكراكدة.

الموقع
تقع بين خطي عرض (33°5'18«N) وبين خطي طول (0°34'41»W)، تتكون من مجمعين سكنيين هما أربوات التحتاني وأربوات الفوقاني ويوجد مقر البلدية في أربوات التحتاني بحيث يبعدان عن بعضهما البعض حوالي 3 كلم. تقع جنوب منطقة الهضاب العليا التي يسودها مناخ بارد وجاف شتاءً وحار جاف صيفاً.

و نظراً لإستراتيجية المنطقة فإنها تعتبر ممر لأحد أهم أنابيب الغاز (المار نحو البرتغال) بحيث يوجد بالمنطقة محطة ضخ للغاز المعروفة باسم المنحر والذي يعتبر منطقة صناعية هامة.

الفلاحة
تتميز بلدية أربوات بميزات طبيعية أهمها واحة النخيل المحيطة بالوادي المعروف بالوادي الكبير ويطوق المنطقة سلسلة من الجبال الوعرة أهمها: «البقرة – بسباع – الخنيقات - ضلعة سيدي معمر -....» غرباً و«الحجرة الطايحة – الرصفة الحرشة-...» شرقاً، إضافة إلى الكثبان التي تكسو الجهة الشرقية والتي تتميز بوجود الكلأ والعشب الرعوي أهمها: «الباقل-الرتم-الدرين-الديس-...ألخ» وهذا ما جعل سكان هذه المنطقة يعتمدون في معيشتهم على النشاط الفلاحي والرعوي ومن أهم المنتجات الفلاحية الموسمية «الكابوية (اليقطين)-الجزر-اللفت-البصل-الفول-القمح-الشعير-» إضافة إلى بعض الفواكه أهمها «التمر (و إن كان أقل جودة لبرودة المناخ)-المشمش-التين-الرمان-السفرجل», والمنتجات الحيوانية والمتمثلة في تربية المواشي في الحضر وكذا البوادي وذلك في الخيم المحيطة بالبلدية مثل (المركب-الوتد-القدية-...) وأهمها (الغنم والبقر).

العادات والتقاليد
و من أهم المأكولات الشعبية السائدة نذكر منها الكسكس -الطعام- الأكثر استهلاكاً والملائم لطبيعة المنتجات المتوفرة كالكابوية (القرع)، الجزر، السمن الذي يعرف محليا بالدهان، اللفت... إضافة مؤكولات محلية كـ (المعكرة، الرفيس، المخلعة، الرقاق...).

و نظراً لطبيعة أربوات الباردة شتاء يعمد سكانها إلى لبس الثياب الصوفية التقليدية كالجلابة وو البرنوس المنسوجة محلياً باستخدام الصوف والأدوات التقليدية كالمنسج والخلالة وغير ذلك من الأدوات التقليدية.

مراجع

اربوات

أربوات


Rewind Tape er en film instrueret af Morten Christian J. Olsen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2006

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Rewind Tape


Akira Yamanouchi (1921-1993), un acteur japonais ;
 Haruhiko Yamanouchi, né en 1946, un acteur japonais ;
 Shin Yamanouchi, un illustrateur et character designer japonais.

Voir aussi
 Mot de Yamanouchi, une suite d'entiers positifs en mathématiques ;
 Yamanouchi, un bourg situé dans la préfecture de Nagano, au Japon.

Yamanouchi (homonymie)


Jong FC Utrecht er reservehold for den hollandske fodboldklub FC Utrecht fra Utrecht. Holdet har spillet i Hollands næstbedste række Eerste divisie siden 2016.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Jong FC Utrecht på fcutrecht.nl

FC Utrecht
Fodboldklubber i Nederlandene
Etableret i 1970

Jong FC Utrecht


Yeni Hayat, Orhan Pamuk'un romanı.

"Bir gün bir roman okudum ve hayatım değişti" cümlesiyle başlar. Üniversite öğrencisi bir genç, kentten kente otobüs yolculuklarıyla ölümü kovalamaktadır. Romanın başlıca karakterleri Osman, Canan, Mehmet ve Dr. Narin'dir.

Çağdaş Türk romanları
Orhan Pamuk romanları
1994 romanları
Türkçe romanlar

Yeni Hayat (roman)


Sipahiler,  Aksaray ilinin Sarıyahşi ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928'den beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Aksaray il merkezine 100 km, Sarıyahşi ilçe merkezine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Sarıyahşi belde ve köyleri

Sipahiler, Sarıyahşi


Jožef Pichler (Tržec, 29. prosinca, 1789. – Maribor, 21. veljače, 1859.) slovenski je rimokatolički svećenik, nadziratelj škola u Štajerskoj, kanonik i pisac.

Rođen je u Halozami. Kada je bio kaplan u Cirkulanima (1814. – 1819.) je napisao rukopisni lekcionar na haloškom narječju Evangelmi na Vʃe Nedele ino Svetke ʃkos zeilo leto (1818.). Ovo djelo je transkripcija lekcionara Petra Dajnka Evangeliomi na v'se nedéle ino 'svetke skos leto. Dajnko je standardizirao tzv. istočnoštajerski jezik (koji je sličan prekomurskomu jeziku) prema narječjima Prlekije i Dravskog polja kod Ormoža. Pichlerov lekcionar ima još značajan kajkavski utjecaj.

Izvori
 Neznani rokopisi slovenskega slovstva – Jožef Pichler: Evangelmi na vse nedele ino svetke skoz ceilo leto

Slovenski književnici
Slovenski katolički svećenici

Jožef Pichler


Le chaînon Bryant (en anglais ) est un massif de moyenne montagne situé dans la partie septentrionale de l'île du Sud, en Nouvelle-Zélande. À cheval sur les régions de Marlborough et de Nelson, il culmine à  d'altitude au mont Starveall.

La direction principale du massif est sud-ouest — nord-est. Il se détache du chaînon Richmond dans la haute vallée de la Lee, un affluent de la Wairoa, et court presque parallèlement à ce dernier jusqu'au cap Soucis au nord-est.

Toponymie

Géographie

Situation
Les chaînons Bryant et Richmond sont situés sur la rive gauche du fleuve Wairau. Ces deux massifs forment un angle très aigu et se séparent au lieu-dit . Le chaînon Richmond se dirige plus vers l'est et le chaînon Bryant plus vers le nord. Le chaînon Bryant se termine au cap Soucis, qui ouvre les Marlborough Sounds.

Topographie

Le plus haut sommet du massif est le mont Starveall, situé à son extrémité sud-ouest, qui culmine à  d'altitude.

Géologie
Les monts Bryant se caractérisent par une proportion notable de roches ultramafiques, riches en magnésium et en fer et pauvres en silice. Ces roches, d'une couleur brun-rouge du fait de la présence d'oxyde de fer, sont trop riches en minéraux pour de nombreuses plantes, ce qui explique la faible couverture de certains sommets du chaînon Bryant.

Dans d'autres parties du massif, ces roches ultramafiques n'émergent pas et sont recouvertes d'argilite plus propres au développement d'un écosystème riche. En quittant la ligne de partage des eaux entre les régions de Nelson et de Marlborough et en se dirigeant vers la vallée de la Wairau, l'argilite et les roches ultramafiques font toutes deux place à de la grauwacke.

La principale différence entre les chaînons Bryant et Richmond est géologique : ce dernier est en effet composé presque exclusivement de schiste.

Climat

Faune et flore

Histoire

Prospection aurifère
Le chaînon Bryant connaît au  un épisode de ruée vers l'or, ce qui entraîne notamment un accroissement de la criminalité. Dans les années 1860, le gang des Burgess défraie la chronique et assassine plusieurs mineurs. Composé en 1862 de Richard Hill  de Thomas Noon , puis de William Levy et de Joseph Sullivan, la bande commence par voler de l'or, mais en passent rapidement au meurtre. Après plusieurs assassinats, notamment le  avec un quadruple meurtre, toute la bande est arrêtée. Mais il faut attendre les aveux de Sullivan pour que les chefs d'accusation portent et que tous sauf le repenti soient condamnés à la pendaison le .

Activités

Protection environnementale

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Géographie de la Nouvelle-Zélande
 Alpes du Sud (Nouvelle-Zélande)

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Bryant
Région de Marlborough
Région de Nelson
Toponyme évoquant une personnalité

Chaînon Bryant


Den anden udgave af kvindernes Strade Bianche blev afholdt den 5. marts 2016, i Toscana, Italien. Den britiske verdensmester Lizzie Armitstead vandt løbet i dårligt vejr, foran Katarzyna Niewiadoma og Emma Johansson.

Resultater

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Cykelløb i 2016
2016

Strade Bianche for kvinder 2016


Kırım Tatarcası (Qırımtatarca, Qırımtatar tili, Tatar tĭlĭ, Tatarşa veya Kırım Tatarşa) ya da Kırımca (Qırımca, Qırım tili), Türk dillerinin Kıpçak koluna ait bir dildir. Ancak bazı Oğuz grubuna ait özelliklere de sahiptir. Romanya'nın Dobruca yöresinde konuşulan şekline Dobruca Tatarcası adı verilir.

Ana unsurlarını Kıpçakçadan almış, ama başka Türk lehçeleriyle de etkileşimde bulunmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti ile sıkı ilişkileri olan Kırım Hanlarının ve ileri gelenlerinin genellikle İstanbul'da eğitim almaları Oğuz lehçelerinin etkilerini getirmiştir. Gaspıralı'nın çalışmaları ile bu etkiler iyice yerleşmiştir. Rus idaresine girilmesi ile de Rusça'dan etkilenmiştir. Ayrıca sürgün zamanından dolayı Özbekçeden alınmış etkileri de görülmüştür.

Konuşanların sayısı

Bugün Kırım'da 260.000'den fazla Kırım Tatarı yaşıyor. Orta Asya'da (çoğunlukla Özbekistan'da) yaşayan yaklaşık 150.000 Kırım Tatarı var; bunların ataları İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Sovyetler Birliği tarafından Kırım'dan buraya sürgün edildi. Bu Orta Asya topluluklarında Kırım Tatarcasını hâlâ konuşabilen tek insanlar ağırlıklı olarak yaşlı nesildendir.

Kırım Tatarcası, nesli tükenmeye yakın bir dil olarak düşünülür. 2013 itibarıyla Kırım Tatar çocuklarının sadece yüzde 16'sının Kırım Tatarcasında verilen anadil eğitimine erişime sahip olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Türkiye Hükûmeti, Kırım Tatarcası anadil eğitimini veren okulları modern hâle getirme açısından Ukrayna'ya yardım sağlamıştır.

Türkiye'de yaşayan Kırım kökenlilerin arasında Kırım Tatarcasını hâlâ konuşabilen 2.000 kişi olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Romanya (22.000 kişi), Bulgaristan (6.000 kişi) ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde de küçük Kırım Tatar toplulukları bulunmaktadır.

Kırım Tatarlarının neredeyse hepsi iki veya ikiden fazla dil bilir; birçoğu da anadilleri olarak yaşadıkları ülkelerin resmî dillerini (Rusça, Türkçe, Rumence, Özbekçe, Bulgarca veya Ukraynaca) konuşur.

Yasal statüsü

Kırım Yarımadası, Dünya'daki çoğu ülke tarafından Ukrayna'ya ait bir toprak olarak tanınır, fakat Rusya'nın 2014'te Kırım'ı ilhak etmesinden beri Kırım, de facto açıdan Rusya Federasyonu'nun bir parçası olarak yönetilmektedir.

Rus hukukunda, Nisan 2014 Kırım Cumhuriyeti Anayasası ve 2017 Kırım dil yasasına göre Kırım Tatarcası, Rusçayla Ukraynanın yanında devlet dili statüsüne sahip; Rusya Federasyonu'nun devlet dili ise, etnik gruplar arası iletişim için kullanılan Rusçadır ve Rusçanın seçimlere ve referandumlara ilişkin yayınlarda kullanılması şarttır.

Ukrayna hukukunda, Kırım Özerk Cumhuriyeti Yüksek Kurulu'nun Rusça olarak yayınladığı Anayasa'ya göre, Rus ve Kırım Tatar dilleri "koruma altına alınmış" (Rusça: обеспечивается ... защита) statüsündedir; her vatandaş, "pasaport, doğum sertifikası ve diğer" hükûmet belgelerini Kırım Tatarcasında almayı talep etme hakkına (ходатайство) sahiptir, fakat Rusça, etnik gruplar arası iletişimin ve kamusal hayatın dilidir. Ukrayna Anayasası'na göre Ukraynaca, Ukrayna Devleti'nin resmî dilidir. Rusçayla Kırım Tatarcasının tanınması, siyasi ve yasal tartışmaların konusu olmuştur.

Kırım Tatarlarının Özbekistan SSC'ne tehcir edilmesinden önce Kırım Tatarcası, Kırım Özerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'nin resmî bir diliydi.

Ağızları
Kırım Tatarcasının; Yalıboyu, Tat (Bahçesaray) ve Çöl (Kuzey) olmak üzere başlıca üç ağzı vardır.

Yalıboyu ağzı
Yalıboyu ibaresi Kırım'ın güneyinde Karadeniz kıyısında kalan ve dağlardan dolayı da iç kesimlerle irtibatı daha az olan bölgeyi ifade etmektedir. Bu bölgede yer alan Sudak ve başka bazı kaleler Kırım Hanlığı topraklarında olmasına rağmen doğrudan İstanbul (Osmanlı) tarafından yönetilmekteydi. Bu nedenle Anadolu'da yaşayan pek çok insan memuriyet, askerlik ve çeşitli geçim vasıtaları temini amacıyla bu bölgeye yerleşmişlerdir. Ayrıca deniz yoluyla doğrudan Osmanlı limanlarıyla bağlantılı olmaları nedeni ile de önemli bir etkileşim olmuştur. Tüm bunların sonucunda ortaya çıkan Yalıboyu ağzı, Türkiye Türkçesine oldukça yakın özellikler göstermiştir. Bir anlamda Türkiye Türkçesinin bir ağzıdır denilebilir.

Bahçesaray ağzı
Bu ağız bir yandan Kıpçak özellikleri taşırken bir yandan da gerek gramer gerekse kelime hazinesi bakımından Oğuz grubunun özelliklerini de oldukça fazla barındıran bir geçiş ağzıdır. Türkiye Türkçesi konuşan insanlar tarafından küçük bir çabayla anlaşılabilir. Kabul edilen edebi dil Bahçesaray ağzıdır ve mahalli dilde yazılmayan eserlerin çoğu bu ağızda kaleme alınmaktadır.

Çöl ağzı
Çöl ağzı, Kırım'ın kuzeyinde kalan bozkır bölgesinde yaşayan halkın konuştuğu dildir. Tamamen kıpçak özellikler taşır. Nogayca ve Kazakçaya yakındır ve Türkiye Türkçesi konuşan insanlar tarafından anlaşılması daha zordur.

Eğitim
Kırım'da Kırım Millî Üniversitesinde ve Kırım Devlet Mühendislik ve Pedagoji Üniversitesinde Kırım Tatarca öğretmenlik ve edebiyat bölümleri mevcuttur. Ayrıca Kırım boyunca 16 adet ilk ve orta öğretim okulunda Kırım Tatarca dersleri seçmeli olarak verilmektedir.

Oğuz dilleri ve Kırım Tatarcası

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Kırımtatar Dili
 Kırım Tatar dili dilsel yapısı
 Kırım Tatar Millî Meclisi
 Dobruca Kırımtatar Ağzı Sözlüğü

Kıpçak grubu
Bulgaristan'daki diller
Özbekistan'daki diller
Romanya'daki diller
Türkiye'deki diller
Ukrayna'daki diller

Kırım Tatarcası


Svavsted Fogderi blev oprettet i 1702 som biskoppeligt fogderi i Sønder Gøs Herred (Mildsted Herred) i Husum Amt beliggende omkring byen Svavsted i det sydvestlige Sydslesvig.

Fogderiet blev oprettet i 1702, men har rødder i den forhenværende Svavsted Amt, der bestod af bispegods i hele Sønderjylland. Til de biskoppelige besiddelser under Svavsted Amt hørte Svavsted, Rødemis, Treja, Svansø Birk med Stubbe by, Bustorp og Guggelsby, Nørre Gøs Herred Birk, Als Birk med byen Stavensbøl samt flere spredte ejendomme i hele Sønderjylland. I 1702 blev amtet ophævet og og dets spredt liggende ejendomme indlemmet i de omkringliggende herrder og amter. Svavsted og Rødemis kom som små fogderier til Husum Amt, Treja og Fysing som herreder til Gottorp Amt.

Bispegods i Svavsted stammer fra den byttehandel, hvorved biskopperne i stedet for Gottorp fik gods i Svavsted og omegn. I begyndelsen af 1300-tallet omtales biskoppens gård som Mylde.

I Svavsted Fogderi ligger Svavsted Sogn.

Litteratur
 Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 246

Tidligere subnationale enheder i Danmark

Svavsted Fogderi


Parabolernes by er en dansk oplysningsfilm fra 2006, der er instrueret af Sune Blicher og Anne Ebbesen.

Handling
Fra fugleperspektiv daler vi ned over Damaskus flade tage, som blot anes under en skov af parabolantenner. Her må være et kæmpeforbrug af satellit-tv. Alle har deres egen parabol, ja måske endda flere paraboler, for man skulle nødigt gå glip af æterens utallige fristende tilbud. Er folk anderledes indstillede i Syrien, eller betyder tv-kiggeriet noget andet og mere end i Danmark? Tag med filmholdet rundt i landets hovedstad og få svar.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2006

Oplysningsfilm fra Danmark

Parabolernes by


Música p'al mundo es el cuarto álbum oficial de la banda chilena De Kiruza, lanzado en 2009 de manera independiente, luego de más de una década sin publicaciones desde su disco Bakán, lanzado en 1996.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Álbumes de Chile de 2009
Álbumes en español
Álbumes de hip hop de Chile

Música p'al mundo


Irvin David Yalom (d. 13 Haziran 1931, Washington, DC), Yahudi asıllı Amerikalı psikanalist, psikiyatrist, psikoterapist ve yazar.

Profesör unvanına sahip olan Yalom, Standford Üniversitesi'nden emekliye ayrılmış olup, alanında oldukça zengin bir yapıya sahip, bilimsel kitapların ve romanların sahibidir. Yalom, varoluşçu psikoterapinin en önemli yaşayan temsilcilerinden biridir. Aynı zamanda Uluslararası Sigmund Freud – Psikoterapi 2009 ödülünün de sahibidir.

Hayatı
Washington, DC'de dünyaya gelen Yalom'un Yahudi kökenli ailesi, I. Dünya Savaşı'nın bitmesinden kısa bir süre sonra Polonya sınırlarına yakın bir Rus kasabası olan Celtz'ten ABD'ye göç etmiştir.

ABD'nin en etkili psikanalistlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Yalom'un, kendine akıl hocası olarak kabul ettiği kişi Jerome D. Frank'dı. Yalom, psikanalistler içinde sürekli olarak kritize edilen psikanalizin geliştirilmesinde öncülük yapmış ve aynı zamanda psikanalizdeki uzun ama etkileyici yeni rehabilitasyon yöntemleriyle insanın psikolojik rahatsızlıklarını yeniden ve daha iyi anlamayı sağlarken, uyguladığı yöntemlere has içeriklerle dolu yazdığı romanlar onun edebiyat dünyasında da yer edinmesine yardımcı olmuştur.

Irvin David Yalom, toplum bilimci ve yazar Marily Yalom ile evlidir. Bu evlilikten dört çocukları olmuştur. Kaliforniya, Palo Alto'da yaşamaktadır. Yazdıklarında kullandığı genel metafor psikanalitiktir ve felsefeyle de iç içedir. Grup terapilerinde uyguladığı varoluşçu yöntem, klasik bir yöntem olsa da Yalom, bunun günümüz psikanalizinde deforme olmasını engelleyen çok daha sonuç alıcı bulgularla devam ettirmiştir.

Eserleri
Türkçeye çevrilmiş olanlar:

 Alkolizm Terapisi, ISBN 975-6435-36-6
 Anksiyete Terapisi, ISBN 9789756435342
 Aşkın Celladı ve Diğer Psikoterapi Öyküleri, (Love's Executioner and Other Tales of Psychotherapy) (1989), ISBN 975-14-0475-4
 Annem ve Hayatın Anlamı, (Momma and the Meaning of Life) (1999), ISBN 975-8240-22-6
 Bağışlanan Terapi Yeni Kuşak Terapistlere ve Hastalarına Açık Mektup, (The Gift of Therapy: An Open Letter to a New Generation of Therapists and Their Patients) (2001), ISBN 975-8240-01-3
 Bugünü yaşama arzusu: Schopenhauer Tedavisi, (The Schopenhauer Cure) (2005), ISBN 975-997-007-4
 Cinsel Terapi, ISBN 975-6435-26-7
 Din ve Psikiyatri (Religion and Psychiatry) (2006), ISBN 975-9174-29-4
 Divan, (Lying on the Couch) (1996), ISBN 975-539-199-1
 Depresyon Terapisi, ISBN 975-6435-23-2
 Ergen Terapisi, ISBN 9789756435397
 Evlilik Terapisi, ISBN 975-6435-20-8
 Grup Psikoterapisinin Teori ve Pratiği, (The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy) (1970), ISBN 975-8240-45-5
 Güneş'e Bakmak: Ölümle Yüzleşmek, (Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death) (2008), ISBN 975-997-133-X
 Her Gün Biraz Daha Yakın, (Every Day Gets a Little Closer) (1974), ISBN 975-7942-81-8
 Kısa Süreli Grup Terapileri, (Inpatient Group Psychotherapy) (1983), ISBN 975-8240-53-6
 Nietzsche Ağladığında, (When Nietzsche Wept) (1992), ISBN 975-539-146-0
 Okul Çağı Çocuklarının Terapisi, ISBN 975-6435-33-5
 Okul Öncesi Çocuklarının Terapisi, ISBN 975-6435-35-9
 Varoluşçu Psikoterapi, (Existential Psychotherapy) (1980), ISBN 975-8240-12-8
 Yeme Bozuklukları Terapisi, ISBN 975-6435-37-3
 Günübirlik Hayatlar
Spinoza Problemi - Nazi Subayının Paradoksu (The Spinoza Problem - A Novel) (2012)

Dış bağlantılar

1931 doğumlular
Amerikalı akademisyenler
Rus asıllı Amerikalılar
Yahudi asıllı Amerikalılar
Yahudi yazarlar
Yaşayan insanlar
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan kişiler

Irvin D. Yalom


Vadim Nikolayevich Salmanov (4 November 1912, in Saint Petersburg – 27 February 1978, in Leningrad) was a Soviet composer and pedagogue.

Salmanov learned to play the piano as a child from his father who was a professional metallurgical engineer. Exposed to composers from the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods, Salmanov quickly grew fond of music and was quickly enrolled in music theory courses at the age of six. However, following the passing Salmanov's father, he went to work at a factory and soon became interested in the topic of hydrogeology.

At 18, he was about to attend the Leningrad Conservatory when he decided to study hydrogeology instead, eventually working as a geologist until 1935 when he finally decided to attend the Conservatory where he studied composition with Mikhail Gnesin following his attendance at a piano concert by Soviet pianist Emil Gilels. After graduating, he worked as a composer until the onset of World War II, when he enlisted in the Soviet Army and served from 1941 to 1945. After the war, he returned to his pedagogical work, teaching at the Leningrad Conservatory from 1946 to 1951, as well as creative work and began to set poems by Blok and Yesenin relating to the war. Later on in his life, Salmanov set poems by Federico García Lorca and Pablo Neruda as well as by Soviet poets.

Salmanov's Symphony No. 1 in D minor was written in 1952 and dedicated to the conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky, who would go on to record all of four of Salmanov's symphonies. The work uses Slavic folk melodies and a motto theme heard at the beginning of the first movement recurs in the Finale. His Symphony No. 4 was likewise dedicated to Mravinsky.

He also taught at the Leningrad Conservatory, his alma mater.

Awards

 Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1962)
 People's Artist of the RSFSR (1972)

Compositions
Aside from symphonies, Salmanov's compositions also include six string quartets (1945–71) and two violin concertos (1964, 1974), among other forms.

Symphonic works

 Forest, symphonic poem (1948)
 Symphony no. 1 (1952, dedicated to Yevgeny Mravinsky)
 Symphony no. 2 (1959)
 Children's Symphony (1962)
 Symphony no. 3 (1963)
 Symphony no. 4 (1976, dedicated to Yevgeny Mravinsky)

Ballet

 Man (1968)

Oratorio

 The Twelve (1958)

Orchestral Works
 Russian Capriccio (1950)

 "Slavic round dance" (1954)
 Poetic Pictures, symphonic suite after Andersen (1955)
 "Welcome Ode" (1961)
 Violin Concerto No. 1 (1964)
 Big City Nights for violin and chamber orchestra (1969)
 "Cheering" (1972)
 Violin Concerto No. 2 (1974)

Chamber instrumental compositions

 Six string quartets (1945, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1968, 1971)
 Two Sonatas for Violin and Piano (1945, 1962)
 Two trios (1946, 1949)
 Piano Quartet (1947)
 Sonata for cello and piano (1963)
 Monologue for cello and piano (1970, orchestrated 1972)

References
1912 births
1978 deaths
Soviet composers
Soviet male composers
Composers from Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni

External links

Brief biography and list of works at Onno van Rijen's Soviet Composers site

Vadim Salmanov


Giclée ( ) is a neologism, ultimately derived from the French word gicleur, coined in 1991 by printmaker Jack Duganne for fine art digital prints made using inkjet printers. The name was originally applied to fine art prints created on a modified Iris printer in a process invented in the late 1980s. It has since been used widely to mean any fine-art printing, usually archival, printed by inkjet. It is often used by artists, galleries, and print shops for their high quality printing, but is also used generically for art printing of any quality.

Origins

The word giclée was adopted by Jack Duganne around 1990. He was a printmaker working at Nash Editions. He wanted a name for the new type of prints they were producing on a modified Iris printer, a large-format, high-resolution industrial prepress proofing inkjet printer on which the paper receiving the ink is attached to a rotating drum. The printer was adapted for fine-art printing. Duganne wanted a word that would differentiate such prints from regular commercial Iris prints then used as proofs in the commercial printing industry.

Etymology
Giclée is based on the French word gicleur, the French technical term for a jet or a nozzle, and the associated verb gicler (to squirt out). Une giclée (noun) means a spurt of some liquid. The French verb form gicler means to spray, spout, or squirt. Duganne settled on the noun giclée.

Current usage

In addition to its original association with Iris prints, the word giclée has come to be loosely associated with other types of inkjet printing including processes that use dyes or fade-resistant, archival inks (pigment-based), and archival substrates primarily produced on Canon, Epson, HP and other large-format printers. These printers use the CMYK  (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) color process as a base with additional color cartridges for smoother gradient transitions (such as light magenta, light cyan, light and very light gray), up to 12 different inks in top model printers (orange, green, violet (Epson); red, green, blue (HP); 11+ Chroma Optimizer [a clearcoat] (Canon)) to achieve larger color gamut. A wide variety of substrates on which an image can be printed with such inks are available, including various textures and finishes such as matte photo paper, watercolor paper, cotton canvas, pre-coated canvas, or textured vinyl.

Applications

Artists generally use inkjet printing to make reproductions of their original two-dimensional artwork, photographs, or computer-generated art. Professionally produced inkjet prints are much more expensive on a per-print basis than the four-color offset lithography process traditionally used for such reproductions. A large-format inkjet print can cost more than ten times that of a four-color offset litho print of the same image in a run of 1,000, not including scanning and color correction. Four-color offset lithographic presses have the disadvantage of the full job having to be set up and produced all at once in a mass edition. With inkjet printing the artist does not have to pay for the expensive printing plate setup or the marketing and storage needed for large four-color offset print runs. This allows the artist to follow a just-in-time business model in which inkjet printing can be an economical option, since art can be printed and sold individually in accordance with demand. Inkjet printing has the added advantage of allowing artists to take total control of the production of their images, including the final color correction and the substrates being used. As a result, numerous individual artists own and operate their own printers.

See also

 Printmaking
 Digital printing
 Canvas print

References

External links

 Offman, Craig. The New Remasters, Wired.com

Printmaking
Computer printers
1991 neologisms
Technology neologisms

Giclée


Run-D.M.C. (veya Run DMC), Joseph "DJ Run" Simmons, Darryl "D.M.C."  McDaniels ve Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell tarafından hip-hop kültürüne öncülük edecek bir grup olarak kuruldu. Grup, hip-hop'ın belli başlı müzik türleri arasına girmesini sağladı ve 80'lerde büyük sükse yaptı. Grubun üç üyesi ABD'nin Queens bölgesinde birbirlerine komşu olarak büyümüşlerdi.

Tarihçe

İlk Dönem
"Run" Simmons, hip-hop efsanesi Russell "Rush" Simmons'ın kardeşiydi ve hip-hop'a DJ olarak başlamıştı. Deneyimlerini sahnede en iyi çocukluk arkadaşlarından biri olan Darryl McDaniels ile paylaştı. Daha sonradan gruplarına bir üçüncü üye buldular;
Jam Master Jay ve 1983'te ilk singlelarını çıkardılar, "It's Like That".

Grup daha sonraları MTV'de boy göstermeye başladı.  İlk rap videosu olan grup olmuşlardı. Kendi adlarını taşıyan ilk albümleriyle Altın Plak kazandılar. Müzik listelerinde pop egemenliğini yıkan ilk rap grubu oldular.

Daha sonraları başarılar üst üste gelmeye devam etti. Run-DMC tüm Amerika tarafından tanınan ve ödüle doymayan bir grup haline geldi.

Sonraki Dönem

Run-DMC Crown Loyal albümünü çıkardı.

Jam Master Jay Queens'teki stüdyosunda bazı müzisyenlerce öldürüldü, 30 Kasım 2002'de grup kesin olarak dağıldığını açıkladı.

2004 yılında, Rolling Stone Magazine onları Tarihteki en iyi 100 artist listesinde 48. sırada gösterdi.(100 Greatest Artists of All Time) .

15 Kasım 2006 yılında, Run-D.M.C.,Long Island Music Hall of Fame'e dahil edildi (www.limusichalloffame.org).

Diskografi
 Run-D.M.C. (1984) (Profile Records) Reissue (2005) (Legacy Recordings)
 King of Rock (1985) (Profile Records) Reissue (2005) (Legacy Recordings)
 Raising Hell (1986) (Profile Records) Reissue (2005) (Legacy Recordings)
 Tougher Than Leather (1988) (Profile Records) Reissue (2005) (Legacy Recordings)
 Back From Hell (1990) (Profile Records)
 Together Forever: Greatest Hits 1983–1991 (1991) (Profile Records)
 Down With the King (1993) (Profile Records)
 Crown Royal (2001) (Profile Records)
 High Profile: The Original Rhymes (2002) (Profile Records)
 Greatest Hits (2002) (Profile Records)
 The Best of Run DMC (2003) (Profile Records)
 Ultimate Run-D.M.C. (2003) (Profile Records)
 ''Artist Collection: Run DMC (2004) (Arista Records)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 The Run-D.M.C. Website
 Music.com's Run-D.M.C. Profile & Discography
 Run D.M.C. - An Unofficial Page
 Run DMC UK

Amerikalı müzik grupları
Hip hop müzik grupları
Rap rock grupları
Arista Records sanatçıları
1981'de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kurulan oluşumlar
1983'te kurulan müzik grupları
2002'de dağılan müzik grupları
Grammy Yaşam Boyu Başarı Ödülü sahipleri
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri

Run-DMC


Missing  é um longa-metragem de suspense estadunidense lançado em 2023 escrito e dirigido por Will Merrick e Nick Johnson baseado em uma história de Sev Ohanian e Aneesh Chaganty. Trata-se de uma sequência do filme Buscando... de 2018. É estrelado por Storm Reid, Joaquim de Almeida, Ken Leung, Amy Landecker, Daniel Henney e Nia Long.

Uma sequência antológica de Buscando... foi anunciada em 2019. As filmagens ocorreram em Los Angeles de março a maio daquele ano, após atrasos devido à pandemia de COVID-19.  Desaparecida também serve como uma sequência espiritual de Fuja (2020), dirigido por Aneesh Chaganty e editado por Merrick e Johnson, confirmando o destino dos personagens desse filme.

O filme teve sua estreia no Festival de Cinema de Sundance em 19 de janeiro de 2023, e foi lançado nos Estados Unidos em 24 de fevereiro de 2023, pela Sony Pictures Releasing. Após seu lançamento, o filme recebeu críticas geralmente positivas e arrecadou US$ 26 milhões nas bilheterias.

Enredo
O enredo segue a jovem June (Storm Reid) enquanto ela se encontra em busca de sua mãe (Nia Lang), que desapareceu durante as férias na Colômbia com seu novo namorado. Assim, em Los Angeles, a poucos quilômetros de onde sua mãe foi vista pela última vez, June usará a tecnologia para tentar refazer seus passos no país antes que seja tarde demais. Durante sua investigação perguntas surgem em vez de respostas e segredos são revelados. June descobrirá que sua mãe não é nada do que ela afirma ser.

Elenco
 Storm Reid como June
 Ava Zaria Lee como June jovem
 Ken Leung como Kevin
 Nia Long como Grace
 Joaquim de Almeida como Javier
 Daniel Henney como Agente Park
 Amy Landecker como Heather
 Tim Griffin como James
 Michael Segovia como Angel
 Megan Suri como Veena

Recepção
No Rotten Tomatoes, 86% das 105 resenhas dos críticos foram positivas, com nota média de 6,9/10. O consenso do site diz: "Missing pode forçar a credulidade em seus esforços para manter o público na dúvida, mas um ritmo acelerado e medos relacionáveis impedem que este thriller tecnológico sinuoso se perca completamente".  O Metacritic, atribuiu ao filme uma pontuação de 66 em 100, com base em 29 avaliações, indicando "críticas geralmente favoráveis".

Ligações externas

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2023
Filmes de suspense dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de mistério dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de suspense da década de 2020
Filmes de mistério da década de 2020
Filmes sobre violência doméstica
Filmes da Screen Gems
Filmes da TSG Entertainment
Filmes sobre afro-americanos
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes found footage

Missing (filme de 2023)


Roepstorff er navnet på en dansk slægt, der forekommer tidligst med krigs-og proviantkommissær Christopher Roepstorf (1615-65). Hans søn, kaptajn, senere oberst Johann Christoph Roepstorf (1659-1731) blev adlet 16. april 1701 med navnet de Roepstorf.-Slægten skriver sig de Roepstorff.
slægter oprettet Grevskabet Roepstorff 4 april 1810.

Slægter fra Danmark

Roepstorff


Africa Movie Academy Award du meilleur long métrage de la diaspora est un mérite annuel décerné par l'Africa Film Academy pour récompenser les meilleurs longs métrages des non-africains pour l'année. Il a été présenté lors de la cérémonie de 2011.

Références

Africa Movie Academy Awards
Liste de personnes récompensées ou distinguées


Poluotok Kocaeli leži u sjeverozapadnom uglu Anadolije u Turskoj, i odvaja Crno i Mramorno more na azijskoj strani tjesnaca Bospor. Otprilike jedna trećina Istanbula, jednog od najmnogoljudnijih gradova svijeta, zauzima njegov zapadni dio, a Izmit, drugi veliki grad, nalazi se na najistočnijoj točki poluotoka.

Geografija
Poluotok se nalazi na sjeverozapadnom uglu Anadolije. Duljina prema zapadu je 90 km, a prosječna širina je oko 40 km. Graniči s Crnim morem na sjeveru, Mramornim morem na jugu i tjesnacem Bosporom na zapadu. Geografi ga smatraju dijelom podregije Kocaeli Çatalca, gdje je Çatalca poluotok s druge strane Bospora.

Povijest
Zajedno s tjesnacem Dardaneli, prolaz kroz Bospor i poluotok Kocaeli glavni je prolaz ljudi iz Europe u Aziju. U stara vremena neki od njih bili su Frigijci, Bitinijanci i Galaćani. No, dok su se Frigijci i Galaćani doselili u Srednju Anadoliju, Bitinci su bili ti koji su kontrolirali regiju znatno vrijeme. Hanibal, kartaški zapovjednik koji se sklonio u Bitiniju, umro je na poluotoku Kocaeli oko 182. pr. Kr. Njegov grob može biti oko Dilovasıja ili u Gebzeu, otprilike na sredini poluotoka Kocaeli. Kasnije je poluotok bio dio Rimskog Carstva, Bizantskog Carstva i Osmanskog Carstva. U bizantsko doba i među lokalnim grčkim stanovništvom do početka 20. stoljeća poluotok je bio poznat kao Mezotinija (Μεσοθυνία, "Srednja Tinija").

Stanovništvo i gospodarstvo
Poluotok Kocaeli jedno je od najindustrijski razvijenijih regija Turske. Otprilike jedna trećina Istanbula, jednog od najmnogoljudnijih gradova svijeta, leži na najzapadnijoj točki poluotoka Kocaeli, a İzmit, drugi veliki grad, na najistočnijoj točki poluotoka. Južna obala (Mramorno more) između ova dva mjesta prošarana je naseljima, tvornicama i brodogradilištima. Gustoća naseljenosti uz ovu obalu je vrlo velika, za razliku od sjeverne (crnomorske) obale.

Izvori

Poluotoci Sredozemnog mora (Azija)
Mramorno more
Reljefni oblici u Crnom moru (Azija)
Poluotoci u azijskom dijelu Turske

Kocaeli (poluotok)


The Naval Support Facility Thurmont, poznatiji kao Camp David, je od 1942. službeno odmaralište američkog predsjednika. Camp David je dio Catoctin Mountain Parka u Frederick Countyu, u Marylandu, oko 10 km sjeverozapadno od Washingtona, D.C. Osnovao ga je Franklin D. Roosevelt kao Shangri-La a 1953. je nazvan Camp David po Davidu Eisenhoweru, unuku predsjednika Dwighta Eisenhowera.

Poznati događaji u Camp Davidu
Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata predsjednik Roosevelt i premijer Winston Churchill održavali su sastanke u Camp Davidu koji će poslije toga postati mjesto susreta velikog broja konferencija.

Eisenhower i sovjetski vođa Nikita Hruščov su 1959. ovdje raspravljali između ostalog o berlinskom pitanju i mogućnosti održavanja zajedničke konferencije na vrhu.

U Camp David su se često vodili formalni i neformalni razgovori između SAD-a i drugih svjetskih vođa. Vjerojatno najpoznatiji sastanak održan u Camp Davidu, bilu su mirovni pregovori između egipatskog predsjednika Anvara el-Sadata i izraelskog premijera Menahema Begina u Camp Davidu 1978., pod pokroviteljstvom
predsjednika Cartera kada je postignut tzv. Sporazum iz Camp Davidaa.

Ovdje su također vođeni mirovni pregovori u izaelsko-palestinskom konfliktu 2000. pod pokroviteljstvom predsjednika Billa Clintona, između predsjednika PLO-a Jasera Arafata i izraelskog premijera Ehuda Baraka.

Moderna uporaba
Camp David nastavlja i dalje biti službeno odmaralište američkih predsjednika. U odmorištu su se pravili planovi o iskrcavanju u Normandiju, rasprave o invaziji u Zaljevu svinja, rasprave o Vijetnamskom ratu i održan je veliki broj susreta s inozemnim gostima. Da bi se zadržala privatna i opuštena atmosfera Catoctin Mountain Park igra važnu ulogu. Camp David se nalazi u okviru parka no nije otvoren za javnost.

Filmovi prikazni u Camp David-u

 Dobri Will Hunting (11. siječnja 1998)
 Život buba (8. studenog 1998)
 Zvjezdani Ratovi: Epizoda I Fantomska Prijetnja (6. lipnja 1999)

Vanjske poveznice

 Camp David Službene stranice na stranicama Bijele kuće
 Camp David iz Federation of American Scientists

Građevine u SAD-u
Politika SAD-a

Camp David


«Fallen» puede referirse a:

Literatura
 Oscuros 2009, libro escrito por Lauren Kate en inglés Fallen.

Cine y televisión
 (The) Fallen (-), personaje de Transformers.
 Fallen (1998), película de Gregory Hoblit.
 Fallen (Caído) (2003), episodio (T7E1) de Stargate SG-1.
 Fallen (2006), película de Barbara Albert.
 Fallen (2012), película inédita.
 The Fallen (2015), episodio de la serie de televisión estadounidense Arrow.
 Fallen (2016), película basada en la saga de Lauren Kate.

Música
 Fallen (2003), álbum de Evanescence.
 Fallen (2003), álbum de For My Pain.
 Fallen (2011), álbum de Burzum.
 Fallen (2015), álbum de Stryper.

Fallen