Aubenas (; ) is a commune in the southern part of the Ardèche department in Southern France. It is the seat of several government offices. The mountainous and rugged countryside is popular for vacation homes. The river Ardèche flows through the commune. Aubenas is one of the most populous communes in the Ardèche department with 12,479 inhabitants as of 2019, after Annonay and before Guilherand-Granges and Tournon-sur-Rhône.

Aubenas is the centre of an urban area, composed of 22 towns and villages including Vals-les-Bains, with 41,568 inhabitants (2018). Aside from its long-year commercial activity, it has a good strategic position on the tourist field, at crossroads of a regional natural park, the zone of the Ardèche river canyon and the start of mountains. The chestnut industry is one testimony of the intense agricultural activity earlier in time.

Etymology
The root alb-, meaning a height, is present in the name of the city (). And in fact, it is sat on the strategic position of a limestone base overlooking the valley of Ardèche.
Due to the long distance from a water source, the city was known informally as the city without water until the 19th century, when on 28 June 1863, under the leadership of the then Mayor John Mathon, water was pumped from an external source which fed 50 fountains across the city.
At the foot of the promontory pass route of Montélimar to Le Puy-en-Velay, lies the oldest axis of movement between the Rhone valley and the mountains of Auvergne. The privileged location between l'Ardèche méridionale (Southern Ardèche) and l'Ardèche verte (Green Ardèche) allowed for a crossroads between different types of agriculture and business.

History

The Middle Ages
The hill on which the city is built is mentioned during the 5th century AD. It tells of a conflict between the bishops of the hill  and the bishops of Viviers, which is a local commune in the same modern day department; for the construction of a fortress. By 1084, the bishop of the hill   won the lengthy conflict. The area became the possession of the Baron, Montlaur; all the way from the Ardèche mountains to what is now the western border of the current day department of Ardèche.
The Baron's family reigned 1084 to 1441 and built the tower, the wall and two large, round towers of the castle which is surrounded by a moat that is why in French Aubenas is called "La cité des Montlaur". The lords who were not only at the origin of the economic growth of the city, but also the social and material development of its residents. Their motto was: "Montlaur, au plus haut!".

Renaissance
During the Renaissance, the city became Protestant, and after the third French war of religion, the residents refused to allow royal troops within the city walls.

Demographics

Local government

The Mayor of Aubenas is Jean-Yves Meyer. He entered office in 2018.

Economy

Aubenas is the seat of the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie Ardèche Méridionale. It is also the seat of the Centre de formation d'apprentis (CFA) et is a training centre.

Aubenas is a city which survives today on commerce, tourism, and food manufacturing companies, producing things like cheese, chestnuts and other foodstuffs, the likes of which one might find in a delicatessen. It is also close to the commune of Lanas, which is home to a small aeroport (an aerodrome).

The city hosted the arrival of the Tour de France on 24 July 2009, the day prior to the climbing of mount Ventoux.

The City
The city hall which is situated in the city centre is surrounded by many paved roads, this is also the highest part of the city, it overlooks the medieval castle that overlooks the valley of the Ardèche.

The city had a railway until 1969 for passengers and until 1988 for goods. The line Vogüé-Lalevade-d'Ardèche. The station still sells tickets for the SNCF.

Since 4 June 2007, the service "tout'enbus" of the community of the communes of Pays d'Aubenas-Vals has also worked in the commune of Aubenas, Saint-Privat, Ucel and Vals-les-Bains.

Places and monuments
 Château d'Aubenas, classed as a historic monument (France), now houses the city hall. Originally it was a strong castle in the 14th century. It was refurbished in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today it boasts a large collection of paintings, sculptures and engravings. It offers an exceptional dungeon panorama.
 The Gargoule house, from the sixteenth century, by the castle.
 The Saint Laurent composite church.
 The Saint-Benoît cathedral of the 17th and 18th centuries is the old chapel of a benedictine convent.

Personalities
 Jean Mathon, old mayor of the city.
 Albert Seibel, creator of several hybrid vines.
 Franck Sauzée, footballer
 Léonce Verny, engineer
 Cédric Barbosa, footballer
 Jean-Marc Gounon, racecar driver
 Rémy Martin, player of rugby
 Jean Charay, Priest and historian
 Dominique Guillo, comedian and director
 Laurent Paganelli, footballer
 Jacques Espérandieu, journalist
 Anthony Mounier, footballer
 Renaud Cohade, footballer
 Nimdus and bonio
 Delphine Combe, athlete
 Amandine Leynaud, handballer
 Jules Gounon, racecar driver and son of Jean-Marc Gounon

Twin towns – sister cities

Aubenas is twinned with:
 Cesenatico, Italy
 Schwarzenbek, Germany
 Sierre, Switzerland
 Zelzate, Belgium

See also
Communes of the Ardèche department

References

External links

 Town council website (in French)

 Tourism office website

Communes of Ardèche
Vivarais

Aubenas


Relațiile diplomatice dintre România și Japonia au fost stabilite în 1917, la nivel de legație. La 1 mai 1923, a fost înființat Consulatul General Onorific al României la Osaka. În contextul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, la 31 octombrie 1944, relațiile diplomatice bilaterale au fost întrerupte, fiind reluate la 1 septembrie 1959. La 1 iunie 1964, relațiile diplomatice au fost ridicate la nivel de ambasadă.

Începuturi
Primele date despre Japonia s-au ivit în țările române la sfârșitul secolului al XVII-lea și se datorează cărturarului român Nicolae Milescu, spătarul care, în anii 1675-1676, a întreprins o cunoscută călătorie în China. Impresiile de călătorie și datele culese despre Extremul Orient le-a consemnat într-o lucrare cu titlul Descrierea Chinei. În ultimul capitol al acestei lucrări, cu titlul «Descrierea vestitei și marii insule a japonezilor și ce se află acolo», cărturarul român înmănunchează toate cele aflate despre pământurile japonezilor.

Deși manuscrisul lucrării nu a văzut lumina tiparului decât mai târziu, totuși el a circulat prin mediile științifice europene, prezentând informații de valoare, mai ales că ele erau scrise în perioada de după anii 1638-1641, când Japonia se izolase din nou de lumea occidentală. După însemnările lui Marco Polo din secolul al XIII-lea, Nicolae Milescu oferea cele mai noi știri despre societatea japoneză, organizarea politico-administrativă, opoziția între stăpânii feudali și puterea centrală, tradițiile și trăsăturile de caracter, religia și originile acestui popor.

Primul Război Mondial

În Primul Război Mondial, România s-a aflat de aceeași parte ca Japonia. Ca urmare a acestui lucru, în august 1917 guvernul român a deschis o legație la Tokyo și a trimis un reprezentant. Prin înalt decret regal, la 13 septembrie 1917 a fost numit ministru plenipotențiar economistul Nicolae Xenopol, care a avut nevoie de peste o lună de zile ca să ajungă la post. S-a îmbolnăvit însă și a decedat în decembrie 1917, fără a mai reuși să-și înceapă misiunea.

În aceeași vreme România a primit vizita unei delegații militare japoneze. Era momentul greu când, în urma luptelor eroice de la Mărășești și Oituz, armata română reușea să oprească ofensiva germană, iar țara noastră, micșorată la zona Moldovei, era amenințata, în spatele frontului, de anarhia Revoluției Bolșevice. Eroului de la Mărășești, generalul Eremia Grigorescu, i-a fost oferită o sabie din partea împăratului Japoniei, ca prețuire a eroismului și capacității sale militare, cât și ca cinstire a eroicei armate române. Iată ce scria ziarul România din 6 septembrie 1917: "Solii s-au prezentat de curând generalului Grigorescu, care a coborât cea mai rușinoasă înfrângere pe fruntea celor mai semețe oști din lume. Nebiruiții fii ai soarelui au descoperit în strănepoții dacilor de la poalele Carpaților un popor înrudit prin eroismul său".

Sabia, care în prezent se găsește în colecția Muzeului Militar Național, are încrustată dedicația: "Voi sunteți aceia care scrieți istoria țării".

Reprezentare diplomatică
 Ambasada României la Tokyo
 Ambasada Japoniei la București
 Consulate onorifice ale României: Yokohama, Osaka, Shizuoka

Note

Bibliografie
 133 de ani de relații România – Japonia de Ion Scumpieru

Japonia

Relațiile dintre România și Japonia


Everton Kempes dos Santos Gonçalves (født 3. august 1982, død 28. november 2016) var en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Everton Kempes dos Santos Gonçalves


Manuel del Refugio González Flores (17 June 1833 – 8 May 1893) was a Mexican military general and liberal politician who served as the 35th President of Mexico from 1880 to 1884.

Before initiating his presidential career, González played important roles in the Mexican–American War as a lieutenant, and later in the Reform War as general on the conservative side. In the French intervention in Mexico, González fought for the Mexican Republic under the command of General Porfirio Díaz. He supported Díaz's attempts to gain the presidency of Mexico, which succeeded in 1876. He served as Mexican Secretary of War in the Díaz administration from 1878 to 1879. Díaz could not be re-elected to the presidency in 1880, since the basis of his coup against Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada was the principle of no-reelection, so Díaz worked for the election of his political client González, who would be a weak rival should Díaz run again.

His presidency from 1880 to 1884 is marked by a number of major diplomatic and domestic achievements, which historian Friedrich Katz considers to be no less than "the profound transformation" of Mexico.

Although the González presidency has been considered corrupt, that assessment is colored by the difficult financial circumstances in 1884 and by Díaz's campaign to discredit his successor, paving the way for his own re-election in 1884.

Early life and military career
González was born in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. He began his military career in 1847, fighting the invaders from the United States in the Mexican–American War after they killed his father, a farmer. From 1853 to 1855, he fought with the Conservative forces supporting General Antonio López de Santa Anna. At the time of the Plan de Ayutla in 1854, he was with Conservative General Leonardo Márquez in Oaxaca, fighting against Liberal general Porfirio Díaz.

In 1856, he was wounded at the Battle of Ocotlán (1856), fighting with rebels against President Ignacio Comonfort. In March 1859, he took part in an attack on Veracruz by Conservative General Miguel Miramón, against the legal, Liberal government of President Benito Juárez. In 1860, he took advantage of an amnesty for the Conservatives decreed by Congress and offered his services to the Liberals fighting against Maximilian of Habsburg and the invasion.

González served under the military command of Porfirio Díaz. He participated in the defense of Battle of Puebla Puebla on 5 May 1862 against the French, where the Mexicans won a great and unexpected victory. He was wounded and taken prisoner, but escaped. In 1863, Díaz made him chief of the Army of the center. He fought under Díaz in the battles of Miahuatlán and La Carbonera, Oaxaca.

González was taken prisoner by the French a second time in 1865, but he was paroled and rejoined the Mexican army. In 1867, he participated in the sieges of Puebla (where he lost his right arm) and of Mexico City. On 7 September 1867, after Juárez's forces had retaken the capital, Juárez named him military commander of the Federal District and governor of the National Palace, serving from 1871 to 1873. He supported Díaz in revolt under the Plan de la Noria (Díaz's 1871 unsuccessful revolt against Juárez) and the Plan of Tuxtepec (his successful 1876 revolt against then-President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada). Vicente Riva Palacio, liberal politician, intellectual, and military man, served in his government.

On 13 March 1877, he obtained the rank of general of division. Díaz named him governor and military commander of Michoacán (1877–79) and secretary of war and the navy (28 April 1878 to 15 November 1879).

Political career

As president of the Republic

Porfirio Díaz could not run for re-election in 1880, and chose his comrade-in-arms González as the presidential candidate, who was duly elected.  He served from 1 December 1880 to 30 November 1884, both preceded and succeeded by Porfirio Díaz. Díaz was a minister in his government.

González had an ambitious agenda, much of which was a continuation of that of Díaz, seeking economic development. Díaz's principal policies were concessions to foreign interests (Europe and especially the U.S.), renewed relations with European powers, and internal peace. Following the long period of political instability since Mexican independence, peace could lay the groundwork for foreign investment and infrastructure development. A slogan for the era of Porfirio Díaz was "order and progress," which González followed. Key changes in the Mexican legal code opened the way for foreign investment and exports from Mexico. In particular a new mining code (1884) eliminated the state's ownership to subsoil rights dating to the colonial era, giving full rights to owners of property to both surface and subsoil rights by legally acquiring land. It "proved to be a bonanza both to Mexican landowners and to foreign investors." A new land law was also enacted which allowed the government to sell so-called "vacant lands" (tierras baldías), initiating a new era of land accumulation in Mexico. Companies surveying public land were compensated with a third of the land deemed "public," which encouraged more designations of that category and enrichment to private companies. The law also encouraged settlement, He established agricultural and industrial colonies of 1,500 Italians in the state of Puebla.

González boosted spending on the Mexican military by 400% and increased the number of soldiers by 90%; he transformed the rural military police established by Juárez into a loyal force supporting the president. The expanded armed forces and the will to take of northern national territory that Apache Indians de facto controlled saw their final defeat, thereby opening up a region for settlement and economic development. A dispute with Guatemala over Chiapas and Soconusco was resolved peacefully in Mexico's favor, securing much of its southern area. However, the rebellious Maya Indians in Yucatan, in a conflict known as the Caste War of Yucatan, continued under González's presidency.

Under González, Mexico re-established relations with European powers (Britain, France, Germany), which was an important means to offset U.S. power in Mexico as well as gain access to European capital. Mexican relations with Great Britain were renewed, once Mexico recognized the long-standing British bond debt from the Conservative government. The considerable sum of £11.5 million would be a drain on the empty national treasury, with the announcement coming during a financial downturn in Mexico. This concession provoked protests from the Mexican congress, and riots in the capital put down forcefully and brutally, damaging González's reputation. Aiding in the economic expansion of Mexico was the founding of the Banco Nacional de México, with French bankers playing an important role. The preference for ties with Europe was reinforced with Mexico's adoption on 20 December 1882, of the metric system of measurements, created under French emperor Napoleon, rather than the British/U.S. measurements.

During his administration, the railway from Mexico City to the border city of Paso del Norte (current Ciudad Juárez) was constructed, a key factor in U.S. investment in Mexico and ending the deliberate policy of keeping the U.S. at bay through the obstacle of the northern desert. Lerdo had delayed the railway expansion northward, saying "Between weakness and strength the desert." Along with the expansion of the railway network, Mexico inaugurated its first submarine cable.

In 1882, he issued nickel coins, replacing silver coinage, which produced the inflation rate and prompted the devaluation of the currency, provoking riots on 21 December 1883. With his characteristic valor, he appeared before the rioters, actually receiving cheers before he finished speaking.

During his term, the Constitution of 1857 was amended to remove the right of succession to the presidency from the office of president of the Supreme Court, which was how both Benito Juárez and Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada had come to the presidency. Instead, the president of the Senate was named next in succession, or the president of the Permanent Commission, in the event that the Senate was in recess.

At the end of his full four-year term, he stepped down from presidency and was succeeded by Porfirio Díaz, who had not been re-elected to consecutive terms as president, but following the González interregnum, Díaz would remain in power until ousted in 1911 with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910. Díaz's denigration of González's achievements as president and the charges of corruption have led to his basic eclipse in Mexican history. His biographer Don M. Coerver's full scholarly study of his presidency is an exception.

After the presidency
After his term as president, Gonzalez was charged with misappropriation of public funds by the Congress in 1885 and the case was referred to a Grand Jury, but the charges were dropped three years later, on 30 October 1888. Rather than being punished by the legal system, González was elected governor of Guanajuato "unanimously" in 1884 and served three terms in office until his death by pancreatic cancer in 1893,
He made a failed attempt to succeed President Díaz in 1887. He was buried in the Rotonda de las Personas Ilustres (Rotunda of Illustrious People) on 8 May 1893.

See also

List of heads of state of Mexico
Porfiriato

References

Further reading
Coerver, Don M. The Porfirian Interregnum: The Presidency of Manuel González of Mexico, 1880-1884. 1979.
Katz, Friedrich, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato, 1867-1910" in Mexico Since Independnece, Leslie Bethell, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, pp. 49–124.

In Spanish
Cosío Villegas, Daniel, Historia Moderna de México, vol. 8. (1970), pp. 575–798.
"González, Manuel", Enciclopedia de México, vol. 6. Mexico City, 1996, .
García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, .

Presidents of Mexico
Candidates in the 1880 Mexican presidential election
Governors of Guanajuato
Governors of Michoacán
People from Matamoros, Tamaulipas
1833 births
1893 deaths
Second French intervention in Mexico
Liberalism in Mexico
Conservatism in Mexico
Mexican generals
Porfiriato
19th-century Mexican politicians
Politicians from Tamaulipas

Manuel González Flores


මිනිසුන් විසින් කරන තෝරා ගැනීම් පූර්ව හේතුවකින් තොරව නිදහස් කැමැත්ත මත පදනම්ව සිදුකරන්වා නම් එය නිදහස් කැමැත්ත/ ස්වච්ඡන්දතාව ලෙස හදුන්වයි.ඒ අනුව අප විසින් යම් ක්‍රියාවක් සිදු කරන්වා නම් එය කරන්නේකිසිම් බාහිර බලපෑමකින් තොරව අපි විසින් අපේ තෝරගැනිමෙන් ය. පුද්ගලයෙක්බාහිර බලවේගයකින් පාලනය වන්නෙ නම් එවිට එම පුද්ගලයාට ස්වච්ඡන්දතාවක් තිබේයැයි කිව නොහැක.

ස්වච්ඡන්දතාව


Josenildo Brito da Silva (født 23. august 1993) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Fukushima United FC.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Josenildo Brito da Silva


An Triodia uniaristata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Michael Lazarides, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Michael Lazarides. An Triodia uniaristata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Triodia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Triodia (Poaceae)

Triodia uniaristata


An Neobathiea grandidierana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leslie Andrew Garay. An Neobathiea grandidierana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Neobathiea, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Neobathiea

Neobathiea grandidierana


Pusarla Venkata Sindhu (líka þekkt sem P. V. Sindhu; fæddur 5. júlí 1995, Hyderabad) er Indversk atvinnumaður í badminton.

Snemma líf
Pusarla Venkata Sindhu fæddist og ólst upp í Hyderabad. Bæði móðir hennar og faðir voru blakmenn. Faðir hennar  var meðlimur í indverska blakliðinu sem vann bronsverðlaun á Asíuleikunum í Seúl 1986.

Mikilvægt Afrek
Heimsmeistari í badminton (2019)
Ólympísk silfurverðlaun (2016)
Ólympísk bronsverðlaun (2021)
Samveldisleikarnir gullverðlaun (2022)

Tilvísanir

Tenglar

 P. V. Sindhu inn tournamentsoftware.com

Badmintonspilarar
Indverskir íþróttamenn

P. V. Sindhu


Dans la mythologie grecque, Pammon (en grec ancien : ) est un héros légendaire de la guerre de Troie, notamment présent dans l'Iliade.

Généalogie
Il est le fils du roi Priam et d'Hécube.

Mythe
.

Il meurt lors de la prise de Troie aux côtés de ses frères Politès et Antiphonos, tués par Néoptolème, le fils d'Achille.

Références

Sources antiques

Personnage de l'Iliade

Pammon


Timothy Dean Sweeney (born 1970) is an American video game programmer and businessman. He is the founder and CEO of Epic Games, and the creator of the Unreal Engine, one of the most-used game development platforms. Sweeney has purchased large amounts of land in North Carolina, making him one of the largest private landholders in the state.

Early life
Sweeney was raised in Potomac, Maryland, the youngest of three brothers. At a young age, he became interested in tinkering with mechanical and electrical devices, and stated he had taken apart a lawnmower as early as five or six, and later built his own go-kart. He became interested in arcade games when they began to become popular in the late 1970s, knowing that like the mechanics devices he took apart and repaired, there were those that had programmed the games in the machines. Though the family got an Atari 2600, Sweeney was not as interested in the games for that, outside of Adventure, and later said he had not played many video games in his life and very few to completion.

At the age of 11, Sweeney visited his older brother's new startup in California, where he had access to early IBM Personal Computers. Sweeney spent the week there, learning BASIC and establishing his interest in programming; while he had had a Commodore 64 before, Sweeney was much more taken by how easy the IBM PC was to use. When his family got an Apple II, Sweeney began in earnest learning how to program on that, trying to make Adventure 2 in the spirit of the Atari 2600 game. Sweeney estimated that between the ages of 11 and 15, he spent over 10,000 hours teaching himself how to program using information on online bulletin boards, and completed several games, though never shared these with others. He also learned from his brothers concepts of entrepreneurship. As a teenager, he made a good deal of money by offering to mow lawns of wealthy residents in the area for half the price of professional services.

Founding of Epic Games

Sweeney attended the University of Maryland starting around 1989, where he studied mechanical engineering, though he was still fascinated by computers. Around this time, his father, who worked for the Defense Mapping Agency, gave him an IBM Personal Computer/AT. Sweeney established a consulting business, Potomac Computer Systems, out of his parents' home to offer help with computers, but it never took off and he shelved the company. Later, Sweeney had the idea of creating games that could be sold, programming them at night or over weekends outside college work. This first required him to create a text editor based on the Pascal language to be able to program the game, which led to the idea of making a game out of the text editor itself. This became the basis of ZZT. He let college friends and those around his neighborhood provide feedback, and was aware it was something he could sell to other computer users. To distribute the game, Sweeney looked to the shareware model, and wrote to Scott Miller of Apogee Software, Ltd., a leading shareware producer at the time, for ideas on how to distribute ZZT. He revitalized Potomac Computer Systems for selling ZZT, fulfilling mail orders with help of his father. ZZT sold well enough, a few copies each day that came to about  per day, that Sweeney decided to make developing games his career. Recognizing he needed a better name for a video game company, he renamed Potomac Computer Systems to Epic MegaGames.

Following ZZT, Sweeney started working on his next title, Jill of the Jungle, but found that he lacked the skills to complete this alone. He formed a team of four people to complete the game by mid-1992. For continued development, Sweeney sought out a business partner for Epic MegaGames, eventually coming to Mark Rein, who had just been let go from id Software. Rein helped with growing and managing the company; due to the company's growth, Sweeney did not end up getting his degree, short by one credit. Sweeney would later start work on the Unreal Engine, developed for the 1998 first-person shooter Unreal and licensed by multiple other video games. With the success of Unreal, the company relocated to North Carolina in 1999, and changed its name to Epic Games.

Conservation and philanthropy
Since the real estate bubble collapsed in 2008, Sweeney has used his fortune to purchase large tracts of land in North Carolina, reportedly for conservation, becoming one of the largest private landowners in the state. As of December 2019, he has bought 50,000 acres of forest land including the Box Creek Wilderness, a 7,000-acre natural area that contains more than 130 rare and threatened plants and wildlife species. Sweeney, who had paid $15 million for Box Creek Wilderness, donated the conservation easement to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 2016. One of the motives to put Box Creek Wilderness under conservation easement was a condemnation lawsuit filed by a power company who planned to build a transmission line through the land. The lawsuit was settled following the Fish and Wildlife Service's and Senator Richard Burr's involvement in protecting the site, which prevented it from being fragmented. "I'm grateful for the efforts of Senator Burr to help protect Box Creek Wilderness," Sweeney said. "And for the whole Fish and Wildlife Service team's tireless efforts to preserve vital North Carolina natural areas in partnership with conservation-minded landowners like me."

Additionally, he has participated in the expansion to Mount Mitchell State Park by donating  to a conservation project.

In April 2021, it was announced that Sweeney would donate 7,500 acres in the Roan Highlands of western North Carolina to the Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy. When transferred the next year, the conservancy will manage the property as a nature preserve, conducting scientific studies in collaboration with Sweeney and offering guided hikes. This acreage, valued at tens of millions of dollars, is the largest private conservation land donation in the history of North Carolina.

Awards and recognition
Wired magazine awarded him a Rave Award in 2007 for his work on Unreal Engine 3, the technology behind the blockbuster Gears of War.

In February 2012, Sweeney was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS) Hall of Fame for changing "the face of gaming with the advent of the Unreal Engine and the commitment of Epic, as a studio, to bring both consumer and industry-facing technology to new heights."

In recognition of his conservation efforts, he was named Land Conservationist of the Year in 2013 by the North Carolina Wildlife Federation, and later in 2014 the land trusts of North Carolina honored him with the Stanback Volunteer Conservationist of the Year Award.

In 2017, Sweeney was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Game Developers Choice Awards.

In 2019, he was named Person of the Year by British video game industry trade magazine MCV. He was also a finalist for The News & Observer'''s Tar Heel of the Year award, which recognizes the contributions of North Carolina residents.

At the Forbes Media Awards 2020, Sweeney was chosen as Person of the Year for building and turning Fortnite into a social network with his company, hosting online events such as Travis Scott's in-game concert which drew 28 million viewers.

 Personal life
Sweeney lives in Cary, North Carolina. According to Forbes, , he has a net worth of $7.6 billion. However, Bloomberg estimates his wealth at $9.6 billion.

Since 2006, Sweeney has filed several patents related to computer software.

 Publications
Tim Sweeney (2000). A Critical Look at Programming Languages. GameSpy – via Internet Archive.
Tim Sweeney (2006). The Next Mainstream Programming Language: A Game Developer's Perspective. Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL) – via MIT CSAIL.
Tim Sweeney (2008). Wild Speculation on Consumer Workloads: 2012-2020. IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC).
Neal Glew, Tim Sweeney & Leaf Petersen (2013). A Multivalued Language with a Dependent Type System. Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Dependently-typed programming.
Neal Glew, Tim Sweeney & Leaf Petersen (2013). Formalisation of the λℵ Runtime. arXiv.
Lennart Augustsson, Joachim Breitner, Koen Claessen, Ranjit Jhala, Simon Peyton Jones, Olin Shivers, Tim Sweeney (2022). The Verse Calculus: a Core Calculus for Functional Logic Programming''. simon.peytonjones.org.

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

 Tim Sweeney's profile on the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences
 BAFTA Celebrates: Epic Games – Interview with Tim Sweeney

1970 births
American technology chief executives
American technology company founders
American video game designers
Living people
Businesspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
People from Potomac, Maryland
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Epic Games
Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame inductees
American video game programmers
American billionaires
Game Developers Conference Lifetime Achievement Award recipients
American conservationists
People from Cary, North Carolina

Tim Sweeney (game developer)


قائمة بالأبطال في 1902 البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية لكرة المضرب (المعروفة الآن باسم أمريكا المفتوحة):

الكبار

فردي رجال

 ويليام لارنيد هزم  رينالد دوهيرتي 4-6 6-2 6-4 8-6

فردي سيدات

 ماريون جونس هزم  إيليزابيث مور 6-1, 1-0, ret.

مراجع

الرياضة في بنسيلفانيا في 1902
رود آيلاند في 1902
أحداث أغسطس 1902 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1902 الرياضية
البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية (كرة مضرب) حسب السنة
أمريكا المفتوحة
كرة مضرب أمريكية في 1902

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1902 (كرة مضرب)


Jónsbók es un compendio de textos del derecho de Islandia adoptado en 1281 por el Althing (asamblea de hombres libres o parlamento local). Fue Magnus IV de Noruega quien solicitó a Jón Einarsson recoger y adaptar las leyes vigentes de Járnsíða a la nueva situación política, al desaparecer la Mancomunidad Islandesa y someterse los habitantes de la isla bajo la corona noruega hacia 1262-64.  El cambio que supuso Jónsbók en el correcto conocimiento de la ley islandesa y la apuesta por la conservación de la lengua local lo han convertido en el documento más influyente e importante a nivel jurídico y cultural de la Historia de Islandia.

Járnsíða en 1280 no satisfacía a muchos de los islandeses y el reto de modificar y adaptar las leyes cayó en manos de Jón Einarsson y que, parece ser, el nuevo texto en principio tampoco fue bien recibido. En el Althing de 1281, los tres grandes grupos sociales, artesanos, clérigos y bændur (terratenientes y granjeros), hicieron sus aportaciones de forma individual. El obispo Árni Þorláksson en sus escritos resume las decisiones en dos grupos principales:

 El Althing consideró que los asuntos de los clérigos se sometían a su propia jurisdicción, e independencia económica.
 Los agricultores viendo agotados sus activos, se les respetó la libertad de negociación comercial a cambio de diversas obligaciones sociales.

Jónsbók refleja sentencias y penas para los delitos cometidos como la pena de muerte, torturas con artefactos candentes y sanciones económicas. El códice se convirtió en un completo sistema legal y judicial donde se encontraba todo tipo de circunstancias, desde la protección del ganado hasta la cobertura legal por daños personales.

Este compendio de leyes permaneció durante cuatro siglos sin modificaciones, siendo este uno de los sistemas jurídicos más estables del mundo. Algunos de los preceptos que contenía Jónsbók siguen vigentes en el ordenamiento jurídico actual de Islandia.

Véase también
 Derecho de Islandia

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Jónsbók: The Laws of Later Iceland. The Icelandic Text, according to MS AM 351 fol. Skálholtsbók eldri: with an english translation and notes by Jane K. Schulman, AQ Verlag, Saarbrücken 2010, ISBN 978-3-922441-82-3.
 Jónsbók. Kong Magnus Hakonssons Lovbog for Island vedtaget paa altinget 1281 og Réttabœtr, de for Island givne retterbøder af 1294, 1305 og 1314, udg. efter handskrifterne ved Ólafur Halldórsson. Møller, København 1904 (repr. Odense Univ. Forlaget, Odense, 1970).
 Hans Fix: Wortschatz der Jónsbók. Lang, Frankfurt am Main/Bern/New York 1984, ISBN 3-8204-5204-4.

Islandia en la Edad Media
Derecho de Islandia

Jónsbók


Crkva sv. Jelene (Jele), rimokatolička crkva u Donjem Seluu, otok Šolta, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Crkva sv. Jelene (sv. Jele) izgrađena je polovicom 18.st. na temeljima starokršćanske građevine iz 6. st. Nalazi se južno od naselja Donje Selo, uz glavnu otočku cestu. Jednobrodna je građevina s pravokutnom apsidom, pravilno orijentirana. Pročelja su od priklesanog kamena, krov je dvostrešan s pokrovom od kupe kanalice. Glavno zapadno pročelje ima jednostavan ulaz s kamenim pragovima, iznad je okrugli prozor a vrh pročelja je preslica s jednim zvonom. Oltarna menza je starokršćanski sarkofag s uklesanim križem. Starokršćanski ulomci uzidani su u zidove apside. Desno od vrata je kamena krstionica s natpisom na hrvatskom jeziku iz 1746.g., rad domaćeg majstora Jakova Grkovića.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4772 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Jelena, Donje Selo
Donje Selo (Šolta)

Crkva sv. Jelene u Donjem Selu


Niyazi Berkes (d. 21 Ekim 1908, Lefkoşa, Kıbrıs - ö. 18 Aralık 1988, Hythe, Kent, Birleşik Krallık), Kıbrıslı Türk sosyolog ve bilim insanı.

Hayatı ve çalışmaları
Lefkoşa`da doğdu. Kendisi ismini Resneli Niyazi Bey`den ikiz kardeşi ise Enver Paşa`dan almıştir. Kıbrısda başladığı orta öğrenimini, 1927`de İstanbul Erkek Lisesi'nde tamamladı. 1931'de İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Bölümü'nü bitirdi.  MEB`de çalışma isteği reddedilince, kısa bir süre İstanbul`da özel bir lisenin ortaokul kısmında tarih hocalığı yaptı. Ardından Ankara'da Türk Ocakları binasında yeni açılan  halkevinin kütüphanesinde çalışmaya başladı. Türk Maarif Cemiyeti'nin Ankara Yenişehir`de kurduğu ortaokulun ilk müdürüdür. Sonraları TED Ankara Koleji adını alacak bu okuldaki görevinden sadece ayrıcalıklı seçkinlere hizmet ettiği gerekçesiyle istifa etti.  Darülfünun reformunun ardından 1933'te İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakütesi'nde sosyoloji asistanı oldu. 1934 yılında yedek subay olarak askerliğini yaptı. Ardından Chicago Üniversitesi sosyoloji bölümünün bilimsel araştırmalar için burs davetiyle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri`ne gitti. 1939'da Türkiye'ye döndü, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi`nde sosyoloji doçenti olarak göreve başladı. O dönemde "solculukla" ve "komünistlikle" suçlandı. 1948 DTCF Tasfiyesi sorasında Pertev Naili Boratav ve Behice Boran'la birlikte görevinden uzaklaştırıldı.  1952'de Kanada McGill Üniversitesi'nde İslam Araştırmaları Enstitüsü'nde önce misafir profesör olarak göreve başladı. 1956'da asli profesör oldu. Burada Türkiye'nin tarihsel ve toplumsal gelişimiyle ilgili çok sayıda araştırma yaptı. 1975 yılında emekliliğinin ardından Birleşik Krallık'a yerleşti. Türkiye'de ilk köy monografisini yapan bilim insanlarındandır.

Mediha Esenel ile olan evliliğinden 1945 yılında oğlu Fikret Berkes doğmuştur.

Eserleri hakkında

Türkiye'nin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden günümüze dek geçirdiği değişimler üzerine araştırmalar ve kuramsal toplumbilim çalışmaları yaptı. Gelenekselliğin değişmemek olduğunu belirten Berkes, geleneksellikte hiçbir yeniliğe yer olmadığını savunur. Osmanlı Devleti'nde yeniçerilerin dönüşümünü ve Osmanlı'ya etkilerini sosyolojik olarak açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Sekülerleşmenin birinci adımı olarak Tanzimat'tan bahseder. Ekonomik başarısızlığın hukuki başarısızlığa neden olduğunu belirtir. 1942'de yazdığı Bazı Ankara Köyleri Üzerine Araştırma adlı alan çalışması toplumbilim alanında Türkiye'de yayımlanan ilk monografilerden biridir.

Yazarın diğer önemli eserleri arasında, Siyasi Partiler (1964), Batıcılık, Ulusçuluk ve Toplumsal Devrimler (1965), Arap Dünyasında İslamiyet, Milliyetçilik ve Sosyalizm (1969), Atatürk ve Devrimler (1982), Teokrasi ve Laiklik (1984) yer alır. İletişim Yayınları'ndan çıkan Unutulan Yıllar adlı kitabında (yayına hazırlayan Ruşen Sezer) 1930`lu ve 1940'lı yılların siyasal ve entelektüel ortamını anlatmaktadır.

Ziya Gökalp'in denemelerinden yaptığı çevirileri  Turkish Nationalism and Civilization adlı bir kitapta toplayıp Birleşik Krallık'ta yayımlamıştır (1959).

Eserleri
İnceleme Araştırma
 Propaganda Nedir? (1942)
 Siyasi Partiler (1964)
 Türkiye' de Çağdaşlaşma (The Development of Secularism in Turkey, 1964)
 Batıcılık, Ulusçuluk ve Toplumsal Devrimler (1965)
 Arap Dünyasında İslamiyet, Milliyetçilik ve Sosyalizm (1969)
 Türkiye İktisat Tarihi Cilt 1, Cilt 2  (1969,1970)
 Türk Düşününde Batı Sorunu (1975)
 Atatürk ve Devrimler (1982)
 Teokrasi ve Laiklik (1984)

Anı
 Unutulan Yıllar

Gezi
 Asya Mektupları

Kaynakça

Kıbrıs Türkü sosyologlar
1908 doğumlular
1988 yılında ölenler
Lefkoşa doğumlular
Türk sosyologlar
Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi öğretim üyeleri
McGill Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri

Niyazi Berkes


21275 Tosiyasu este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
21275 Tosiyasu este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nanyo de Tomimaru Okuni. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,18 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 1,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 21001-22000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

21275 Tosiyasu


Padova Üniversitesi (İtalyanca, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD), 1222'de İtalya'nın Padova şehrinde kurulmuştur. Avrupa üniversiteleri arasında en eskilerinden biri olmasının yanı sıra, İtalya'nın da en eski ikinci üniversitesidir. 2003 yılı itibarıyla 65.000 kayıtlı öğrencisi bulunmaktadır.

İtalya'daki üniversiteler
1222'de kurulan oluşumlar
13. yüzyılda kurulan üniversiteler

Padova Üniversitesi


«Just as I Am»—en español: «Tal como soy»— es el álbum debut del ganador de la primera etapa de Australian Idol "Guy Sebastian" lanzado a finales del año 2003 por el sello discográfico Sony Music BMG Australia. Este álbum tiene material de música pop y de música R&B.
Guy Sebastian coescribió tres de las canciones en el álbum como el sencillo "All I Need Is You", "I 4 U" y "Something Don`t Feel Right". En palabras del cantante dice que: —"Creo que la credibilidad en tener su propio material que hace como un artista de la credibilidad es lo que siempre he luchado y yo no podía imaginar que mi primer disco no tener una de mis canciones..."—
El álbum también contiene versiones de "What a Wonderful World" de Louis Armstrong, "Can You Stand The Rain" de New Edition y "When Doves Cry" de Prince.

Información del álbum
El primer sencillo del álbum, "Angels Brought Me Here", debutó en el número uno que estableció un récord para la primera semana de ventas único para un debut de un artista australiano y fue el más vendido solo en Australia en 2003. "Angels Broyght Me Here" pasó a ganar cuatro acreditaciones de platino y ganar el Aria de 2004 por mayores ventas solo La canción también alcanzó el número 1 en cuatro países de Asia y Nueva Zelanda. En enero de 2010 se anunció como la canción más vendida de la década anterior por ARIA, por delante de la versión de la cubierta Anthony Callea de "The Prayer".
Just As I Am fue lanzado en diciembre de 2003 y debutó en el número uno en las listas de álbumes de Australia vendiendo 163.711 copias en su primera semana. Esta sigue siendo la segunda más alta jamás una semana de ventas para un álbum en la historia gráfica Aria. Just As I Am se convirtió en el quinto más alto álbum más vendido en Australia en 2003, dentro de tres semanas de su lanzamiento. Alcanzó el platino 6x, y, finalmente, se vendieron más de 480.000 unidades. Que recibió una nominación para el álbum más vendido en el 2004 los Premios ARIA. Just As I Am # 28 lugares en la lista ARIA de las más altas álbumes más vendidos de la década pasada, la entrada más alta novena para un artista australiano, y el más alto para un concursante Australian Idol. El segundo single "All I Need Is You " también debutó como número uno en las listas australianas y fue platino acreditados. Just as I Am también fue lanzado en Nueva Zelanda, donde alcanzó el # 3 y logrado la acreditación doble disco de platino.

Lista de canciones
 "Angels Brought Me Here" (Jörgen Elofsson, John Reid)
 "So I" (Jamie Jones, Jack Kugell, Jason Pennock)
 "Can You Stand the Rain" (James Harris III, Terry Lewis)
 "No One Can Compare (to You)" (Jones, Charles Kember, Kugell, Monty Neuble, Pennock)
 "All I Need Is You" (Guy Sebastian, Adam Reily, Alun Firth)
 "What a Wonderful World" (Bob Thiele, George David Weiss)
 "My Beautiful Friend" (Adam Reily)
 "Something Don't Feel Right" (Guy Sebastian, Alexander Laurie, Adam Reily)
 "When Doves Cry" (Prince)
 "Just as I Am"
 "3 Words" (Adaamick Mendoza)
 "I 4 U" (Guy Sebastian, Gary Pinto)

Posicionamientos
ARIA and RIANZ Charts

ARIA End Of Year Chart 2003

ARIA End Of Decade Chart (2000/2009)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial

Álbumes de Guy Sebastian

Just as I Am (álbum de Guy Sebastian)


O Santo Sínodo de Milão ou Metrópole Ortodoxa Autônoma da Europa Ocidental e América é uma jurisdição ortodoxa não canônica dos Verdadeiros Ortodoxos.

Fundada em 1990, esta Igreja se originou como uma Diocese para a Europa Ocidental da Igreja Ortodoxa Grega do Antigo Calendário do Sínodo do Arcebispo Auxentius (Pastras) (Igreja dos Verdadeiros Cristãos Ortodoxos da Grécia ou Sínodo "Florinita" ) e se proclamou independente em algum momento. A Igreja não é reconhecida por nenhuma Igreja Ortodoxa em todo o mundo, portanto, não está em comunhão com nenhuma delas. O fundador e Primaz de longa data dessa jurisdição foi Eulogius (Hessler), com o título de Metropolita de Milão e Aquiléia.

Referências

Igreja Ortodoxa
Jurisdições ortodoxas extracanônicas

Santo Sínodo de Milão


Paolo Freddy Maldonado Farje, né le  à Ilo au Pérou, est un footballeur péruvien qui jouait au poste de milieu de terrain. Il s'est reconverti en entraîneur.

Biographie

Carrière en club
Milieu de terrain de petit gabarit, Paolo Maldonado est formé à l'Universitario de Deportes où il remporte cinq titres de champion du Pérou dans les années 1990 (voir palmarès). Il compte 31 matchs de Copa Libertadores avec ce club (pour un but marqué).

Il remporte son seul titre international avec le Cienciano del Cusco, en l'occurrence la Copa Sudamericana 2003.

Maldonado passe la quasi-totalité de sa carrière au Pérou, hormis une expérience de courte durée au Skoda Xanthi en Grèce.

Carrière en sélection
International péruvien, Paolo Maldonado joue 10 rencontres (deux buts inscrits) en équipe nationale entre 1996 et 2001. Il dispute notamment quatre matchs comptant pour les tours préliminaires à la Coupe du monde (deux en 1998 et deux en 2002).

Carrière d'entraîneur
Paolo Maldonado accompagne Roberto Chale comme entraîneur-adjoint sur le banc de l'Universitario de Deportes en 2016, avant de prendre les rênes du Sport Áncash en Copa Perú entre 2017 et 2018.

En 2020, il est nommé à la tête de l'équipe féminine de l'Universitario, poste qu'il reprend une deuxième fois en 2021.

Palmarès (joueur)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international péruvien
Joueur de l'Universitario de Deportes
Joueur de l'AO Xanthi
Joueur du Deportivo Municipal
Joueur du FBC Melgar
Joueur du Cienciano del Cusco
Joueur du Sport Boys
Joueur du Total Chalaco
Joueur du CD Coopsol
Entraîneur péruvien de football
Naissance en août 1973
Naissance à Ilo (ville)

Paolo Maldonado


Nemrut Dağı, Türkiye'nin Adıyaman ilinde yer alan 2.150 metre yüksekliğinde bir dağdır. Adıyaman'ın Kahta ilçesinde yer alan Nemrut Dağı, Ankar Dağları civarında Toros dağ silsilesinde bulunur. 1987'de UNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası ilan edilen Nemrut Dağı, 1988 yılında tesis edilen Nemrut Dağı Millî Parkı ile korumaya alınmıştır. Nemrut Dağı Kültür rotası Adıyaman merkezde bulunan Perre Antik Kenti ile başlayıp sonrasında Kahta ilçesinde bulunan Karakuş Tümülüsü, Cendere Köprüsü ve Kanyonu, Komagene Medeniyeti'nin yazlık başkenti olan Arsemia Ören Yeri, Kahta Kalesi, Şeytan Köprüsü ve nihayetinde Nemrut Dağı'nda son bulur.

Tarihçe
Dağ, eski çağlarda "Kommagene" olarak bilinen, bu alanda bulunan arkeolojik kalıntılara ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Antiochos tümülüsü ve buradaki dev heykeller, Eskikale, Yenikale, Karakuş Tepe ve Cendere Köprüsü millî park içinde kalan kültürel değerlerdir. Doğu ve batı teraslarında Antiochos ile tanrı-tanrıça heykellerinin yanı sıra aslan ve kartal heykelleri bulunmaktadır. Batı terasında eşsiz bir aslanlı horoskop yer almaktadır. Aslanın üzerinde 16 ışından oluşan 3 adet yıldız vardır ve bunların Mars, Merkür ve Jüpiter gezegenlerini temsil etmekte olduğu sanılmaktadır. Tarihte bilinen en eski horoskoptur.

Heykeller Helenistik, Pers sanatı ve Kommagene ülkesinin özgün sanatı harmanlanarak yontulmuştur. Bu anlamda Nemrut Dağı'na "batı ve doğu uygarlığının köprüsü" denebilir.

Kommagene kralı Antiochos Theos, MÖ 62 yılında bu dağın tepesine, pek çok Yunan ve Pers tanrısının heykelinin yanı sıra kendi mezar-tapınağını da yaptırmıştır. Mezarda, bir kartalın başı gibi, tanrıların taş oymaları bulunur. Heykellerin diziliş şekli hiyerotesyon olarak bilinir.

Mezarda 1881 yılında Alman mühendis Karl Sester tarafından kazı çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Daha sonraki yıllarda yapılan kazılarda da Antiochus'un mezarı bulunamamıştır. 1987'de UNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası ilan edilen Nemrut Dağı, 1988 yılında tesis edilen Nemrut Dağı Millî Parkı ile korumaya alınmıştır.

İklim
Kahta ilçe sınırlarındaki Nemrut Dağı'nda karasal iklim özellikleri görülmektedir. İlçe sınırlarındaki Atatürk Baraj Gölü nedeniyle, iklim yapısı önemli bir ölçüde değişikliğe uğrayarak Akdeniz iklimi ile benzerlik göstermeye başlamıştır. Ancak yaz ortasında bile, Nemrut Dağı'nda gün doğumu oldukça soğuk olur.

Galeri

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'deki dağlar listesi
 Türkiye'deki Dünya Mirasları listesi
 Türkiye'deki yanardağlar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Nemrut Dağı Millî Parkı
 Nemrut Dağı Sanal Turu
 Nemrut Dağı Özel Hazırlanmış Sanal Turu
 Nemrut Dağı Panoramik Görüntüleri

Türkiye'deki Dünya Mirasları
MÖ 62
Adıyaman tarihi
Adıyaman ilindeki görülecek yerler
Türkiye'deki Önemli Kuş Alanları

Nemrut Dağı


بني لنت جماعة قروية وقرية مغربية شمال المملكة، تنتمي إلى إقليم تازة شرقي مدينة فاس، تضم بلدة بني لنت 13.678 نسمة (إحصاء 2004).

دواوير الجماعة
توجد عدة أحياء على شكل دواوير ببني لنت أهمها؛ بني مقورة، ولاد عبد الله موسى. بني عبد الله. الخندق، باب حرشة، امقارشة.....

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم تازة
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم تازة
جماعات قروية في جهة فاس مكناس

بني لنت


Saccorhytus é um gênero de deuterostômio que viveu durante o período Cambriano onde hoje é a China. É conhecido como sendo o ancestral mais antigo do ser humano, também sendo o deuterostômio mais antigo conhecido.

Descrição

Espécimes de Saccorhytus tinham 1mm de comprimento. Segundo os fósseis, esses animais não tinham ânus, provavelmente se alimentando e soltando o excremento pela mesma abertura. Essa boca também era desproporcionalmente grande para o tamanho do animal, o que significa que ele poderia ter comido outros animais. Esses animais também tinham quatro aberturas cônicas de cada lado, que não foram usadas para respirar. Elas provavelmente evoluíram para as brânquias modernas. O corpo do animal era coberto por uma pele e músculos finos, indicando que provavelmente esses animais se moviam "balançando" e contraindo os músculos ao longo de seu corpo.

Referências
Animais do Cambriano
Espécies fósseis descritas em 2017

Saccorhytus


Monte Loura (en francés: Mont Loura) es una montaña que se eleva a 1515 metros sobre el nivel del mar y que es llamada Fello Lüüra en la lengua pular. Constituye el punto más al norte y el pico más alto en Fouta Djallon en el norte del país africano de Guinea. Se encuentra a 7 km de la prefectura de Maali (también Mali-ville o Mali-Centro). Es parte de un complejo de montañas conocida como el Macizo de Tamgue (también Massif du Fouta-Djalon), que tiene acantilados en tres lados, y ofrece vistas de Senegal y Malí.

Dama de Mali

Su característica más interesante, es el perfil rocoso que asemeja a una anciana (conocido como, la "Dama de Maali" o "Señora de Maali"),  que se puede ver en el pueblo cercano de Dongol Lüüra.

Véase también
 Geografía de Guinea
 Geografía de África

Referencias

 El Hadj Thierno Boubacar Paraya Bah, La dame du mont Loura - Guinée Réalités et Légendes, éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007 (ISBN 978-2-296-04539-2)

Enlaces externos
 Información sobre el Monte.

Montañas de Guinea

Monte Loura


Mantaua se poate referi la:

Literatură
 Mantaua, roman fantastic de N. V. Gogol (1843).
 Mantaua, o nuvelă de  Dino Buzzati (1966).

Muzică
 1918 Mantaua (Il tabarro), operă într-un act de Giacomo Puccini

Film
 1916 : Mantaua, film mut american realizat de Rae Berger
 1926 : Mantaua, film mut sovietic de Grigori Kozințev și Leonid Trauberg
 1952 : Mantaua (Il Cappotto), film italian realizat de Alberto Lattuada
 1959 : Mantaua, (Шинель / Shinel) film sovietic regizat de Aleksei Batalov
 1996 : Mantaua, film de Robert Kramer
 1981 Mantaua (Шинель / Shinel), film de animație de Iuri Norstein

Mantaua (dezambiguizare)


Melisa Sözen (født Ayşe Melisa Sözen 6. juli 1985 i Istanbul, Tyrkiet) er en tyrkisk skuespiller. Med filmen Vintersøvn fra 2014 (Den Gyldne Palme 2014) kom der gang i Melisa Sözens karriere.

Udvalgt filmografi
 Bana Şans Dile - 2001
 Içerideki - 2002
 Okul - 2004
 Cenneti Beklerken - 2006
 Eve giden yol 1914 - 2006
 Kabuslar evi - Seni beklerken - 2006
 Av Mevsimi - 2011
 Pazarları Hiç Sevmem - 2012
 Vintersøvn (Kış Uykusu) - 2014
 Bir Varmış Bir Yokmuş - 2015

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Tyrkiet
Personer fra Istanbul

Melisa Sözen


Hermannssúla (þýska: Hermannsdenkmal) er minnisvarði í Þýskalandi. Þjóðverjar létu reisa hana til að heiðra þjóðhetjuna Arminíus (sem er oft kallaður Hermann í Þýskalandi) sem sigraði gegn rómverjum í Þjóðborgarskógi. Hún var vígð árið 1875 og er um 60 metra á hæð. Listamaðurinn Ernst von Bandel bjó til Hermannssúlu.

Heimildir

Minnisvarðar í Þýskalandi

Hermannssúla


فاطمة خير ممثلة وسياسية مغربية من مواليد مدينة الدار البيضاء سنة 1968. وهي زوجة الممثل سعد التسولي.

في 2021، حصلت على مقعد برلماني بمجلس النواب في اللائحة التشريعية الجهوية لجهة الدار البيضاء - سطات - حزب التجمع الوطني للأحرار.

مسيرتها
بدايتها كانت بمسلسل وفاء عام 1988، ومن أبرز أفلامها نساء... ونساء سنة 1997، كما لعبت أفلام عديدة أخرى تلفزيونية و سينمائية، وقدمت برنامج «أسر و حلول» وبرنامج لالة لعروسة بالقناة الأولى.

أعمالها

أفلام
 سارق الأحلام، 1994
 نساء... ونساء، 1997
 ياقوت، 2001
 سعيدة، 2002
 قسم رقم 8، 2004
 الأجنحة المتكسرة، 2004
 الركراكية، 2009
 عقاب،2012

مسلسلات
 أنا ومراتي ونسابي، 1998
 الوصية، 1998
 خلخال الباتول، 2002
 موعد مع المجهول، 2004
 فارس بني مروان، 2004
 الحور العين، 2005
 لبريكاد، 2007
 لبريكاد 2، 2012
 الغالية، 2014
 الماضي لا يموت، 2019
 شهادة ميلاد، 2020
ولاد العم 2021

مراجع

مسرحيات
 ما بين البارح واليوم، 2001

روابط خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلات مغربيات
مواليد 1967
مواليد في الدار البيضاء

فاطمة خير


An Ischaemum celebicum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pieter Jansen. An Ischaemum celebicum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ischaemum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ischaemum

Ischaemum celebicum


İdare mahkemeleri, idare hukuku alanında ve özellikle kamu gücünün kullanılması ile ilgili anlaşmazlıkların çözümünde görev yapan mahkemelerdir. Bu mahkemeler Kara Avrupası hukuk düzenini kabul etmiş Avrupa devletlerinde bulunur ve genel mahkemelerden ayrıdır. Türkiye'deki idare mahkemeleri, idari yargı düzeni içindeki Danıştay, vergi mahkemeleri ve bölge idare mahkemelerinin görevi dışında kalan davalara bakmakla görevlidir. İdari eylem ve işlemlerden dolayı menfaati ihlal edilen kişilerin idare organlarına karşı iptal ve tam yargı davası açtıkları mahkemelerdir. 2576 sayılı kanuna göre kurulmuş olup 2577 sayılı kanunda yargılama usulleri belirlenmiştir. Bu mahkemelerde görülen belli başlı davalar şunlardır:
 Memurların atama, disiplin cezası, terfi, yükselme gibi özlük haklarına ilişkin davalar,
 Belediyelerin imar planlarının iptali için açılmış olan davalar,
 Emekli sandığı işlemlerine karşı açılan davalar,
 İdare organlarının işlem ve eylemleri nedeniyle hakları ihlal edilen kişiler tarafından açılan maddi ve manevi tazminat davaları,
 Öğrencilerin not ve sınıf geçme işlemleri ile ilgili davalar.

Mahkemeler
İdare hukuku

İdare mahkemesi


المتحف العربي الأمريكي القومي  هو متحف لتاريخ وثقافة الأمريكيين العرب يقع في ديربورن، ميشيغان في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. ويعتبر الأول من نوعه، افتتح في 5 مايو 2005. يسعى المتحف إلى تبديد المفاهيم الخاطئة عن الأمريكيين العرب وغيرهم من الأقليات.

يحتوي المتحف على معرضين دائمين، الطابق الأول يعرض إسهامات الحضارة العربية في العلوم والطب والرياضيات والعمارة وأعمال الديكور والفنون. الطابق الثاني يركز على التجربة العربية في الولايات المتحدة، بينها معرض للبارزين من الأمريكيين العرب مثل رالف نادر وهيلين توماس وهيلين زغيب، كما يعرض وثائق وأعمال فنية لأمريكيين عرب تتعلق بالهجرة وتاريخها.

تكلف بناء المتحف 15 مليون دولار أمريكي ومن بين من تبرع بها شركات كرايسلر وجنرال موتورز ومؤسسة روكفيلر والعربية السعودية وقطر.

الافتتاح
حضر الأمين العام السابق للجامعة العربية عمرو موسى افتتاح المتحف في 5 مايو 2005.

الموقع
يقع المتحف في 13624 جادّة ميشيغان، ديربورن، ميشيغان 48126

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

 قناة المتحف العربي الأمريكي القومي الرسمية في يوتيوب
 حساب المتحف العربي الأمريكي القومي في فليكر
 Article reviewing the opening of the museum

تأسيسات سنة 2005 في ميشيغان
تاريخ عربي أمريكي
ثقافة أمريكية عربية في ميشيغان
مبان ومنشآت في ديربورن (ميشيغان)
متاحف أسست سنة 2005
متاحف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
متاحف إثنية في ميشيغان
متاحف في مقاطعة وين (ميشيغان)
متاحف قومية أمريكية في ميشيغان
منظمات عربية أمريكية

المتحف العربي الأمريكي القومي


The Radical Party of the Left (, PRG) is a social-liberal political party in France. A party in the Radical tradition, since 1972 the PRG was a close ally of the major party of the centre-left in France, the Socialist Party (, PS). After the 2017 presidential and legislative elections, negotiations to merge the PRG with the Radical Party (from which the PRG emerged in 1972) began and the refounding congress to reunite the parties into the Radical Movement was held on 9 and 10 December 2017. However, a faction of ex-PRG members, including its last president Sylvia Pinel, split from the Radical Movement in February 2019 due to its expected alliance with La République En Marche in the European elections and resurrected the PRG.

History
The party was formed in 1972 by a split from the Republican, Radical, and Radical-Socialist Party, once the dominant party of the French Left. It was founded by Radicals who opposed Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber's centrist direction and chose to join the Union of the Left and agreed to the Common Programme signed by the Socialist Party (PS) and the French Communist Party (PCF). At that time, the party was known as the Movement of the Radical Socialist Left (, MGRS), then as the Movement of Radicals of the Left (, MRG) after 1973.

Led by Robert Fabre during the 1970s, the party was the third partner of the Union of the Left. Nevertheless, its electoral influence did not compare with those of its two allies, which competed for the leadership over the left. Robert Fabre sought to attract left-wing Gaullists to the party and gradually became close to President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, who nominated him as Mediator of the Republic in 1978. He and his followers were excluded from the party by those who strongly supported the alliance with the PS.

Michel Crépeau was nominated by the party for the 1981 presidential election and obtained a disappointing 2.09% in the first round. He and his party in the runoff endorsed PS candidate François Mitterrand, who eventually won. The MRG won 14 seats in the subsequent 1981 legislative election and participated in PS-led governments between 1981 and 1986 and again between 1988 and 1993.

In the 1984 European elections, the MRG formed a common list with Brice Lalonde's environmentalists and Olivier Stirn, a centre-right deputy. The list styled as the Radical and Ecologist Agreement won 3.32%, but no seats. The party resumed its customary alliance with the PS in the 1986 legislative election and supported President Mitterrand's 1988 reelection bid by the first round.

At the beginning of the 1990s, under the leadership of the popular businessman Bernard Tapie the party benefited from an ephemeral upswing in its popularity while the governing SP was in disarray. The list led by Tapie won 12.03% and 13 seats of the votes in the 1994 European Parliament election. However, Tapie retired from politics due to his legal problems and the party, renamed the Radical Socialist Party (, PRS), returned to its lowest ebb.

After the Radical Party opened legal proceedings against the PRS, it was forced to change its name to the Radical Party of the Left (, PRG). Between 1997 and 2002, it was a junior partner in Lionel Jospin's Plural Left coalition government. In the 2002 presidential election, the PRG nominated its own candidate, former MEP and French Guiana deputy Christiane Taubira, for the first time since 1981. However, some members of the party including Émile Zuccarelli and PRG senator Nicolas Alfonsi supported Jean-Pierre Chevènement's candidacy. Taubira won 2.32% of the vote. Taubira gave her name to the 2001 law which declared the Atlantic slave trade a crime against humanity.

In the 2007 presidential election, while the party supported the PS candidate Ségolène Royal, Bernard Tapie, who had been a leading figure in the PRG, supported Nicolas Sarkozy. In the 2007 legislative election, the party won eight seats, including a seat in French Guiana (Taubira) and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon.

The party split on Nicolas Sarkozy's constitutional reforms in 2008. Six deputies (Gérard Charasse, Paul Giacobbi, Annick Girardin, Joël Giraud, Dominique Orliac and Sylvia Pinel) and three senators (Jean-Michel Baylet, André Boyer and François Vendasi) opted to vote in favour, hence allowing for its passage.

The PRG's then-president Jean-Michel Baylet ran in the 2011 SP presidential primaries, the only non-PS candidate in the field, but was placed last with only 0.64% of the vote in the primary. The PRG supported François Hollande, the eventual winner of the primaries and the 2012 presidential election. In the 2012 legislative election, the PRG won 12 seats. With four additional members, it formed its own parliamentary group in the National Assembly, the Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressive group.

Although the PRG remained a close and loyal ally of the PS, it has also cooperated with the small Ecology Generation (GE) party since December 2011.

In the 2014 European elections, the party received 13.98% of the vote on a joint list with the PS, electing one MEP Virginie Rozière, who joined the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group with PS MEPs.

In the 2017 SP presidential primary, PRG candidate Sylvia Pinel received 2% of the vote in the first round election held on 22 January 2017. In the 2017 French legislative election, the party only re-elected three MPs; Annick Girardin, Jeanine Dubié and Sylvia Pinel.

In 2019, the party was relaunched.

The party supports Christiane Taubira in the 2022 French presidential election.

Following the 2022 French legislative election, the party's only deputy is Olivier Falorni representing Charente-Maritime's 1st constituency. It was the only centre-left party on the French mainland with representation in the National Assembly to refuse to join the leftist electoral coalition NUPES, headed by Jean-Luc Mélenchon.

Ideology
The PRG advocates social liberalism, classical radicalism, secularism to its French extent known as laïcité, progressivism, European federalism, and individual freedom; it differs from the social democrats of the Socialist Party mainly by its strong attachment to private property.

The party was a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party before 2012.

Factions
Under Baylet, the PRG's party line was centre-left, socially liberal and pro-European. Nevertheless, there were internal divisions in the party. Former cabinet minister and former deputy Émile Zuccarelli is a left-wing republican who strongly opposed Corsican nationalism and supported the no vote in the 2005 European constitutional referendum, positions much closer to Jean-Pierre Chevènement's Citizen and Republican Movement (MRC). Similarly, Christiane Taubira supported the no vote in 2005 and endorsed Arnaud Montebourg rather than Baylet in the 2011 primary.

Elected officials
 Current Deputies: Olivier Falorni (Charente-Maritime 1)
 Former Ministers: Annick Girardin, Jacques Mézard
 Former Deputies: Stéphane Claireaux (Saint Pierre et Miquelon), Jeanine Dubié (Hautes-Pyrénées), Sylvia Pinel (Tarn-et-Garonne)
 Senators (RDSE group): Joseph Castelli (Haute-Corse), Yvon Collin (Tarn-et-Garonne), Philippe Esnol (Yvelines), François Fortassin (Hautes-Pyrénées), Françoise Laborde (Haute-Garonne), Jacques Mézard (Cantal), Jean-Claude Requier (Lot)

Popular support
The PRG remained rather weak on its own electorally, averaging around 2% of the vote (2002 presidential candidate Christiane Taubira won 2.32% of the vote); which explains why the party depended on its stronger ally, the PS for support and parliamentary representation. Almost all of the party's deputies and local officials were elected with no official PS opposition. It retained some support among middle class voters and in traditional Radical areas in the South West.

The major exception was in Corsica, where the party was historically the largest party on the non-nationalist French Left and remains so to its time of dissolution due to a tradition of political dynasties (such as the Giacobbi family) and the weak infrastructure of the PS on the island. Paul Giacobbi represented Haute-Corse in the National Assembly until he stood down at the 2017 elections (Émile Zuccarelli, an internal rival of Giacobbi and current mayor of Bastia, also represented the island in Paris until his 2007 defeat) and Senators Nicolas Alfonsi and François Vendasi represented the Corsican PRG in the Senate. Giacobbi is also President of the General Council of Haute-Corse.

In metropolitan France, the PRG was able to sustain a long-lasting Radical tradition dating back to the French Third Republic, most notably in the southwest or departments such as the Eure-et-Loir and Eure.

The party was represented overseas in French Guiana by Taubira's Walwari, one of the major parties of the local left.

Presidential elections

Legislative elections

European Parliament elections

Leadership
Party presidents:
 Robert Fabre (1972–1978)
 Michel Crépeau (1978–1981)
 Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg (1981–1983)
 Jean-Michel Baylet (1983–1985)
 François Doubin (1985–1988)
 Yvon Collin (1988–1989)
 Émile Zuccarelli (1989–1992)
 Jean-François Hory (1992–1996)
 Jean-Michel Baylet (1996–2016)
 Sylvia Pinel (2016–2017)
 Guillaume Lacroix (2019–present)

See also
 European Radical Alliance
 French Left
 Liberalism and radicalism in France
 Classical radicalism
 Sinistrisme

Notes

References

External links
Official website

1972 establishments in France
Centre-left parties in Europe
European federalist parties
Left-wing parties in France
Liberal parties in France
Political parties established in 1972
Political parties established in 2019
Political parties of the French Fifth Republic
Pro-European political parties in France
Progressive parties
Radical parties in France
Republican parties
Social liberal parties

Radical Party of the Left


Fiii omului cu inima de piatră se poate referi la:
 Fiii omului cu inima de piatră (A kőszívű ember fiai), roman scris de Mór Jókai și publicat în 1869
 Fiii omului cu inima de piatră (A kőszívű ember fiai), ecranizarea maghiară a romanului sus-menționat (1965)

Dezambiguizare

Fiii omului cu inima de piatră (dezambiguizare)


An Sobralia crispissima in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Louis Dressler. An Sobralia crispissima in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sobralia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sobralia

Sobralia crispissima


Güneş haçı, çember içine alınmış bir haç sembolüdür. Bilinen en eski dini sembollerden biridir ve neopaganizm'de güneşi simgeler. Güneş çemberi, Güneş diski, Odin'in haçı ve Taranis'in çemberi olarak da bilinir.

Güneş haçları birçok dine özgü tanrıyı sembolize eder; Ixıon, Odin, Quetzalcoat, Shamash ve Taranis'in sembolleri güneş haçıdır.

Tarih boyunca, svastika'lar gibi, birçok ırkçı örgütün simgesi olmuştur.

Dış bağlantılar

Haç sembolleri
Tunç Çağı'nda Avrupa

Güneş haçı


Basananthe hanningtoniana je biljka iz porodice Passifloraceae, roda Basananthe. Sinonim za ovu biljku Tryphostemma hanningtonianum Mast..
Raste u južnoj Africi i Tanzaniji, u predjelima Iringa, Ludewa, Mufindi, Morogoro, Kilosa, Ulanga, Mwanza, Magu, Pwani, Rufiji, Tanga i Muheza.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Basananthe na Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) , SAD-ov odjel za poljodjelstvo, služba za poljodjelska istraživanja.

Basananthe

Basananthe hanningtoniana


Alexandru Vaida (n. 18 iunie 1894, Nadișul Român, comitatul Sălaj, Regatul Ungariei – d. 1943) a fost  delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Studiază la Școala de notari din Făgăraș. Până la Marea Unire a funcționat ca și notar.

Activitate politică
În 1918 devine activ în organizarea C.N.R. din localitatea Nadiș, fiind ales membru în acest consiliu. A fost comisar în cadrul Direcției de Poliție Cluj, în perioada 1923-1926 a funcționat ca și notar în Cehu Silvaniei iar mai târziu la Crasna.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul Personalităților Române. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, 2003.

Lectură suplimentară
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, Editura Academiei Române, 2005. (ISBN 973-27-1258-9)
 Ioan I. Șerban, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul Personalităților Române. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, 2003. (ISBN 973-8141-90-7)
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Cluj Napoca, 1998. (ISBN 973-0007-24-1)

Legături externe
 Centenarul Marii Uniri: Au fost și la Alba Iulia
 Adunarea de la Alba Iulia, organ reprezentativ și democratic al poporului român din Transilvania
 Centenar 100. Marii oameni politici ai României

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1884
Decese în 1943
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Transilvăneni
Români din Austro-Ungaria

Alexandru Vaida


Parmenides (Oldgræsk  Parmenídēs) er en dialog skrevet af filosoffen Platon om enhed og flerhed, væren og ikke-væren. Den videregiver en fiktiv samtale mellem Platons lærer Sokrates med den førsokratiske filosoffen Parmenides, som dialogen er opkaldt efter, dennes elev Zenon fra Elea og en ung mand ved navn Aristoteles, der ikke skal forveksles med den berømte filosof Aristoteles. Den gamle Parmenides er på besøg i Sokrates' hjemby Athen. Han optræder med stor autoritet; overfor ham står den kun nittenårige Sokrates som en elev.

Situationen er sandsynligvis frit opfundet. Parmenides og Zenon boede i græske kolonier i Syditalien, hvor Parmenides var den mest berømte repræsentant for den filosofiske eleatiske skole, opkaldt efter hans hjemby Elea.

Rammehistorien falder to forskelligt udformede dele. I den første del omtales vanskeligheder, omkring Platons idélære. Brugen af grundlæggende begreber som "mange" og "en" medfører paradokser, når man opfatter ideer som selvstændigt eksisterende metafysiske entiteter og som årsag til fænomenerne. Yderligere mangler der en forklaring for sammenhængen mellem ide og fænomen, og ideerne forekommer principielt uerkendbare. Det lykkes ikke, at løse problemerne; overvejelserne leder til apori (rådløshed). Den anden del udspiller sig mellem Parmenides og Aristoteles: Parmedines giver tankeøvelser, der er forberedelse til opdagelsen af løsninger på problemerne fra første del. Løsningerne selv præsenteres ikke.

Parmenides opfattes som Platons mest vanskelige og gådefulde dialog. I årtier har der foregået en intens forskningsdiskussion om dens filosofiske indhold, uden meget enighed. Et hovedproblem er, at Platon her fremstiller sin idelære, en kernedel af hans filosofi, som problematisk og selvmodsigende. Det er omstridt hvad han vil opnå med kritikken af sin idelære, om han overhovedet tog den alvorligt eller kun betragtede det som træning, hvilke konsekvenser han uddrog, og hvor tvingende han mente de enkelte argumenter i dialogen. Spektret af tolkninger rækker fra den hypotese, at Platon opgav idelæren, til forklaringer, der mener øvelserne i anden del skal gøre læseren i stand til selv at finde løsningerne. Iflg. en omstridt hypotese har Platons ikke nedskrevne mundligt overleverede filosofi udvejen til de problemer der beskrives i Parmenides.

Rammehandling, sted og tid
Den egentlige dialog finder sted i en rammehandling. Fortælleren er i begyndelsen en mand ved navn Kefalos, der kommer fra Keizomenai i Lilleasien. Han beretter om et besøg i Athen, som han foretog med sine landsmænd. Handlingen begynder på agoraen, Athens markeds- og forsamlingsplads. Der møder gruppen fra Klaizomena to bekendte, Platons brødre Klaukon og Adeimantos. De tager til Glaukons og Adeimantos' halvbroder Antifons hus, i den nærliggende bydel Melite. Der fortæller Antifon, på opfordring, om en samtale som Parmenides, Zenon, Sokrates og Aristoteles havde for lang tid siden. Hans skildring af den fortidige samtale udgør det egentlige indhold af Parmenides.

Antifon var dog ikke selv tilstede under den filosofiske diskussion, som han videregiver detaljeret. Han blev først født længe efter. Derfor kender han den kun fra en ven af Zenon ved navn Pythodoros, i hvis hus i Kerameikos begge filosofferne fra Italien en gang boede, og hvor samtalen fandt sted. Pythodoros var til stedet ved samtalen, og havde lyttet opmærksomt efter. Årtier efter fortalte han ofte detaljerne til den den gang unge Antifon, der lærte sig Pythodoros beretning udenad. I dialogens nutid er Antifon nu en moden mand, men han er i stand til at genfortælle samtalen ud fra hukommelsen. Læseren hører således kun om samtalen på fjerde hånd, idet den er formidlet gennem Pythodoros, Antifon og Kefalos.

Litteratur
 Parmenides i PLATON. BIND 2. Samlede værker i ny oversættelse. (2010) Redigeret af Jørgen Mejer og Chr. Gorm Tortzen. Gyldendal.

Filosofiske skrifter

Parmenides (dialog)


The North West Counties Football League is a football league in the North West of England. Since 2019–20, the league has covered the Isle of Man, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Cumbria, northern Staffordshire, northern Shropshire, the far west of West Yorkshire, and the High Peak area of Derbyshire. In the past, the league has also hosted clubs from North Wales such as Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay and Rhyl. As from season 2018–19 the league increased from two, to three divisions: the Premier Division, at level nine (Step 5 in the NLS) in the English football league system, and two geographically separate Division Ones, North and South, at level ten (Step 6 in the NLS). The league is a member of the Joint Liaison Council which administers the Northern arm of the National Football System in England.

History
The league was formed in 1982 by the merger of the Cheshire County League and the Lancashire Combination. It originally consisted of three divisions, but this was reduced to two in 1987, partly because of the creation of an extra division in the Northern Premier League (NPL). At the same time, promotion and relegation between the two leagues was introduced, with either the first or second placed club in the North West Counties Football League (NWCFL) being entitled to a place in the NPL, subject to their ground meeting that league's requirements.

The NWCFL has six feeder leagues of its own with eligibility for promotion to the First Division being accorded to champions of the Cheshire Association Football League, Liverpool County Premier League, West Cheshire Amateur Football League, Staffordshire County Senior League, West Lancashire Football League, and Manchester Football League, subject to their grounds meeting the NWCFL's requirements.

The first sponsorship of the NWCFL came in with Bass who remained the league sponsors until 1995. In 1998, the regional train operating company, First North Western became the new sponsor in a two-year deal.  Hallmark Security were a commercial Partner to the League for three years between 2015 and 2018.

In the 2008–09 season, Division One was renamed the Premier Division and Division Two became the First Division. A new division at level ten was announced for the 2018–19 season, therefore the First Division was recreated as North and South divisions.

Four clubs have won a league and cup double, Ashton United in 1991–92, Kidsgrove Athletic in 1997–98, F.C. United of Manchester in 2006–07 and Glossop North End in 2014–15, while Atherton Laburnum Rovers are the only club to have won consecutive championships in 1992–93 and 1993–94. For three consecutive seasons in the 1980s Clitheroe won each of the NWCFL divisions. In 1983–84 they were Division Three champions, the following season they won the Division Two championship and then in 1985–86 they were crowned Division One champions.

The league is currently home to two former Football League clubs, Northwich Victoria, who were founder members of Division 2 of the English Football League in 1892 but they resigned two seasons later (they joined along with Newton Heath FC, who later went on to become Manchester United), and Nelson, while Darwen F.C. are a continuation of Darwen.

Going in the other direction, former NWCFL members Accrington Stanley have risen to play in the Football League as have Fleetwood Town and more recently Salford City, who were last in the league in 2008, were promoted into the EFL at the end of the 2018-19 season via the promotion play-off at Wembley.

For sixteen years the record attendance for a NWCFL match was 1,353 for a First Division championship decider between Radcliffe Borough and Caernarfon Town in the 1982–83 season. In the 1998–99 season a crowd of 2,281 saw Workington's championship deciding match with Mossley at Borough Park. In the 2005–06 season a new record was set, with 6,023 at Gigg Lane for a Division Two match between FC United of Manchester and Great Harwood Town on 23 April 2006. The following season, due mainly to the relatively large support for FC United of Manchester, saw attendances rise and included a record 4,058 for an evening match, with Salford City's Division One home game against FC United of Manchester.

The league has two cup competitions – the League Challenge Cup, which is open to all clubs, and the First Division Challenge Cup. For sponsorship reasons the League Challenge Cup is known as The Macron Challenge Cup. Until it was disbanded in 2014, the league also ran a reserve league together with its own dedicated League Cup. From 1990–1991 to 1999–2000 the league also ran a Floodlit Trophy competition.

Member clubs (2023–24)

Premier Division

Division One North

Division One South

Previous divisional champions

1982–87
The league was formed with three divisions.

1987–2008
Due to the expansion of the Northern Premier League, and the withdrawal of clubs who could no longer meet the ground requirements, the third division was disbanded and a two division format was instigated, a format that stayed in place until 2018.

2008–18

In the 2008–09 season, the league renamed their divisions to the Premier Division and First Division.

2018–present
As from the 2018–19 the league has operated three divisions, the Premier Division at Step 5 and Division one - the Step 6 division being split geographically into North and South components both with promotional slots to Step 5.  This was retained for the 2019-20 season.

NWCFL Challenge Cup winners
The NWCFL Challenge Cup is for all members of the league.
Teams shown in italics are no longer in existence.

 1982–83 – Darwen
 1983–84 – Ellesmere Port & Neston
 1984–85 – Leek Town
 1985–86 – Warrington Town
 1986–87 – Colne Dynamoes
 1987–88 – Warrington Town
 1988–89 – Colwyn Bay
 1989–90 – Knowsley United
 1990–91 – Vauxhall GM
 1991–92 – Ashton United
 1992–93 – Burscough
 1993–94 – Rossendale United
 1994–95 – Nantwich Town
 1995–96 – Burscough
 1996–97 – Newcastle Town
 1997–98 – Kidsgrove Athletic
 1998–99 – Vauxhall GM
 1999–2000 – Skelmersdale United
 2000–01 – Formby
 2001–02 – Prescot Cables
 2002–03 – Mossley

 2003–04 – Bacup Borough
 2004–05 – Cammell Laird
 2005–06 – Salford City
 2006–07 – F.C. United of Manchester
 2007–08 – Maine Road
 2008–09 – New Mills
 2009–10 – Abbey Hey
 2010–11 – Winsford United
 2011–12 – Bacup Borough
 2012–13 – Runcorn Linnets
 2013–14 – Ashton Athletic
 2014–15 – Glossop North End
 2015–16 – Atherton Collieries
 2016–17 – City of Liverpool
 2017–18 – Widnes
 2018–19 – 1874 Northwich
 2019–20 – 1874 Northwich
 2020–21 – Not held
 2021–22 – Charnock Richard
 2022–23 – Congleton Town

Results by team
Teams shown in italics are no longer in existence, teams in bold are members of the NWCFL as of 2023–24.

First Division Challenge Cup winners
The First Division Challenge Cup is for all members of the First Division. It was known as the Second Division Trophy from 1989 to 2008.

 1989–90 – Great Harwood Town
 1990–91 – Glossop
 1991–92 – Newcastle Town
 1992–93 – Stantondale
 1993–94 – North Trafford
 1994–95 – Formby
 1995–96 – Ramsbottom United
 1996–97 – Nelson
 1997–98 – Tetley Walker
 1998–99 – Fleetwood Freeport
 1999–2000 – Warrington Town
 2000–01 – Squires Gate
 2001–02 – No competition
 2002–03 – Stone Dominoes
 2003–04 – Colne
 2004–05 – Cammell Laird
 2005–06 – Flixton

 2006–07 – New Mills
 2007–08 – Kirkham & Wesham
 2008–09 – AFC Liverpool
 2009–10 – AFC Liverpool
 2010–11 – Atherton Collieries
 2011–12 – Norton United
 2012–13 – West Didsbury & Chorlton
 2013–14 – Formby
 2014–15 – AFC Darwen
 2015–16 – Barnton
 2016–17 – City of Liverpool
 2017–18 – Prestwich Heys
 2018–19 – Sandbach United
 2019–20 – Sandbach United
 2020–21 – Not held
 2021–22 – FC Isle of Man
 2022–23 – Bacup Borough

First Division Champions Cup winners
The First Division Champions Cup is for the winners of the two geographical divisions within Division One. Its inaugural season was 2018–19.

 2018–19 – Rylands
 2019–20 – No winner
 2020–21 – Not held
 2021–22 – Not held
 2022-23 - Wythenshawe Amateurs

Floodlit Trophy winners
The NWCFL Floodlit Trophy was for all members of the Premier and First divisions.

 1990–91 – Colwyn Bay
 1991–92 – Great Harwood Town
 1992–93 – Newcastle Town
 1993–94 – Bootle
 1994–95 – Penrith

 1995–96 – Newcastle Town
 1996–97 – Colwyn Bay
 1997–98 – Burscough
 1998–99 – Clitheroe
 1999–2000 – Vauxhall GM

Notes

References

External links

Current league tables
NWCL at Non League UK

1982 establishments in England
9
Sports leagues established in 1982

North West Counties Football League


Andreas Faißt (* 21. Januar 1821 in Röt; † 18. Dezember 1878 in Heilbronn) war ein deutscher Chemiker und Unternehmer.

Leben
Faißt war Gehilfe von Hermann Fehling. Ab 1853 war er Direktor der Heilbronner Zuckerfabrik. 1859 heiratete er Henriette Cluss. 1865 gründete Faißt gemeinsam mit seinem Schwager August Cluss die Brauerei Cluss. Bei einem Versteigerungstermin im September 1861 wies das Gantgericht die 1856 von Stuttgartern gegründete Böblinger Zuckerfabrik den Heilbronner Kaufleuten Friedrich Cloß und Karl Reibel und dem Heilbronner Zuckerfabrikdirektor Andreas Faißt zu. Diese bildeten am 11. Oktober 1861 die Zuckerfabrik Böblingen AG, wobei die Aktionäre aus Heilbronn mehr als 2/3 der Stimmen am Kapital einnahmen.

Sein Wohnhaus war die Villa Faißt. Der älteste Sohn August wurde 1860 in Heilbronn geboren. Er sollte das Familienunternehmen weiterführen, deswegen musste August den Beruf des Kaufmanns erlernen. Zur Komplettierung seines Handelsberufes musste August ins Ausland, wo er mit 23 Jahren in Paris an Typhus verstarb. Der zweite Sohn Hugo wurde am 16. Oktober 1862 in Heilbronn geboren. Er studierte Jura in Tübingen und eröffnete als Rechtsanwalt eine Anwaltskanzlei.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Rainer Moritz: Heilbronn und Umgebung. 66 Lieblingsplätze und 11 Persönlichkeiten. Gmeiner, Meßkirch 2012, ISBN 978-3-8392-1258-5, S. 43

Bier (Baden-Württemberg)
Brauereiunternehmer
Unternehmer (Heilbronn)
Chemiker (19. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Gestorben 1878
Geboren 1821
Mann

Andreas Faißt


Au cours de l'invasion russe de l'Ukraine en 2022, qui a débuté le 24 février 2022, le président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky a prononcé un certain nombre de discours sous plusieurs formats, notamment sur les réseaux sociaux et devant des législatures étrangères. Les discours ont reçu une attention particulière, un certain nombre de commentateurs citant un effet positif sur le moral ukrainien et sur le soutien international à la résistance ukrainienne à l'invasion.

Vidéos sur les réseaux sociaux
Le 25 février, le deuxième jour de l'invasion, des inquiétudes ont d'abord été exprimées quant à l'endroit où il se trouvait après avoir manqué un appel téléphonique prévu avec le Premier ministre italien Mario Draghi. Plus tard dans la journée, cependant, il a posté une vidéo de lui accompagné de plusieurs conseillers devant le Palais Mariinsky dans le centre de Kiev. Dans la vidéo, il a prononcé un bref discours déclarant que "Nous sommes ici" et que "Nous défendons notre indépendance, notre État, et nous continuerons à le faire". Plus tard dans la journée, il a publié une autre vidéo d'un court discours traitant de l'Offensive de Kiev, exhortant les habitants de Kiev à riposter "de toutes les manières possibles". Le 24 février, Zelensky avait eu une téléconférence avec les dirigeants de l'Union européenne.

Le 26 février, il a publié un court discours mettant en garde contre la désinformation selon laquelle il avait fui Kiev. Le même jour, il a déclaré qu'il avait refusé une offre des États-Unis d'être évacué de la ville, affirmant que "le combat est là; j'ai besoin de munitions, pas d'un tour".

Adresses aux législatures étrangères

En mars 2022, Zelensky a prononcé une série de discours devant les législatures d'autres nations concernant l'invasion.

Le 1 mars, il s'est adressé au Parlement européen.

Le 8 mars, il s'est adressé au Parlement britannique (Chambre des communes) : Treize jours de lutte.

Le 15 mars, il s'est adressé virtuellement au Parlement canadien, le troisième président ukrainien à s'adresser au Parlement canadien après Petro Porochenko en 2014 et Victor Iouchtchenko en 2008. Après le discours, les présidents de la Chambre des communes et du Sénat, ainsi que les chefs des partis politiques représentés à la Chambre des communes ont fait des déclarations sur le discours, exprimant tous leur soutien à Zelensky.

Le 16 mars, il s'adresse au Congrès américain. Après le discours, le président américain Joe Biden a déclaré que les États-Unis fourniraient à l'Ukraine 800 millions de dollars supplémentaires d'aide militaire et a déclaré qu'il considérait Poutine comme "un criminel de guerre", la première fois que Biden accusait officiellement le gouvernement russe de crime de guerre dans l'invasion.

Le 17 mars, il s'est adressé au Parlement allemand. Dans son discours, il a déclaré que l'Allemagne avait tenté d'apaiser la Russie dans les années 2010, notamment par le biais d'accords commerciaux tels que Nord Stream 2, et qu'elle avait échoué dans sa responsabilité historique post-Holocauste. Il a également invoqué le Mur de Berlin, déclarant qu'il y avait un nouveau mur "au milieu de l'Europe entre la liberté et son absence. Et ce mur s'agrandit à chaque bombe qui tombe sur l'Ukraine". Cependant, le Parlement allemand n'a pas prévu de temps pour débattre du discours après sa conclusion sur son ordre du jour de la journée.

Le 20 mars, il s'est adressé à la Knesset israélienne.

Le 23 mars, il s'est adressé à la Diète du Japon.

Le 24 mars, il s'est adressé au parlement suédois.

Le 30 mars, il s'est adressé au Storting norvégien.

Le 31 mars, il s'est adressé à la Seconde Chambre des États généraux. Il a demandé de cesser de commercer avec la Russie, y compris un boycott du gaz russe et a demandé plus d'armes.

Le 31 mars, il s'est adressé au Parlement australien, demandant des Véhicules blindés Bushmaster et d'autres armes.

Le 31 mars, il s'est adressé au Parlement de Belgique.

Le 4 avril, Zelensky a prononcé un discours sur le Parlement roumain.

Le 5 avril, il prend la parole aux Cortes Generales d'Espagne.

Le 6 avril, Zelenskyy s'est adressé au Oireachtas, le Parlement d'Irlande.

Le 7 avril, il s'est adressé à la Chambre des représentants de Chypre et au Parlement grec.

Le 8 avril, il s'est adressé au Parlement finlandais.

Le 11 avril, il s'est adressé à l'Assemblée nationale de la République de Corée.

Le 12 avril, il s'adresse au Seimas.

Le 13 avril, il s'est adressé au Riigikogu, le Parlement estonien.

Le 21 avril, il s'est adressé à l'Assemblée de la République.

Autres
Le 24 mars, il s'est adressé au Sommet de l'OTAN.

Le 3 avril, il est apparu aux 64e cérémonie des Grammy Awards dans un discours préenregistré.

Le 21 avril, il a prononcé un discours lors de la table ronde ministérielle de la Banque mondiale en faveur de l'Ukraine.

Entrevues avec les médias
Le 1er mars, des journalistes de CNN et de Reuters ont été emmenés dans une camionnette vers un "bureau administratif anonyme de l'ère soviétique" à Kiev. Il y avait des soldats entièrement armés partout. Des sacs de sable étaient visibles et des symboles ukrainiens ont été rapprochés. Zelenskyy est apparu, accueillant positivement les journalistes avec des poignées de main. Dans l'interview, il a appelé le président Joe Biden à régler la situation et a déclaré qu'il restait à voir si les pourparlers étaient une perte de temps. On parlait triomphalement de la résistance de l'Ukraine et de l'avantage de se battre sur son sol.

Dans un contexte d'échec des pourparlers, Zelensky a déclaré à Vice le 10 mars que le dialogue avec Poutine était la seule voie à suivre et qu'il était convaincu que les pourparlers finiraient par fonctionner. Deux jours auparavant, il avait déclaré dans une interview à ABC News qu'il ne chercherait plus à devenir membre de l'OTAN, qu'il envisagerait un "compromis" concernant Donetsk et Lougansk, et s'était également adressé directement au peuple américain.

Le 7 avril, Zelensky, en plus de commenter la situation sur le terrain, a déclaré à Republic TV que les sanctions devraient fonctionner comme des armes nucléaires. Il a dit que les nations ne devraient pas prétendre soutenir l'Ukraine et maintenir en même temps des relations économiques avec l'ennemi. En ce qui concerne l'Inde, il a répondu que l'Inde avait du mal à maintenir l'équilibre et que la relation de l'Inde était avec les Soviétiques et non avec les Russes. Les garanties de sécurité ont été évoquées lors de l'entretien de 60 minutes.

Russie
Le 27 mars 2022, Meduza, Dozhd et Kommersant ont publié une interview vidéo avec Zelenskyy, ainsi que sa transcription. Quelques minutes avant la publication de l'interview, Roskomnadzor a ordonné aux médias de ne pas la publier. Les enquêteurs étaient Ivan Kolpakov de Meduza ; Tikhon Dzyadko de  Dozhd  ; Mikhail Zygar ; Prix Nobel de la paix 2021 co-lauréat Dmitry Muratov de Novaya Gazeta (indirectement); et Vladimir Solovyov de Kommersant. Zelensky parlait en russe.

Le 21 avril, il s'est entretenu avec Mediazona.

Réactions
Les discours de Zelensky ont reçu une réponse généralement positive. Moira Donegan de The Guardian a déclaré que Zelensky "s'est fait un symbole du peuple ukrainien, dont le courage, la détermination et le défi surprenants face à l'agression russe ont appelé le bluff moral de l'Occident".

Jon Henley de The Guardian a déclaré que les discours de Zelenskyy aux parlements étrangers contenaient tous "des références historiques soigneusement choisies pour plaire au public" et que son "talent d'orateur lui a valu une renommée étrangère". Anjana Susarla de Michigan State University a déclaré que les discours de Zelenskyy avaient eu un impact en raison de leur authenticité, de leur capacité à se connecter avec le public des médias sociaux et de l'urgence des messages, affirmant que ses vidéos étaient "courtes, entre quatre et sept minutes, au point, relatable et très personnel".

Dominique Arel de l'Université d'Ottawa a déclaré que Zelenskyy est "très doué pour l'identification dans la rhétorique. Il raconte l'histoire humaine. Il était acteur avant, mais il ne joue plus maintenant, c'est pourquoi il est si efficace." Le journaliste britannique David Patrikarakos a décrit Zelensky comme "l'homme littéral de la rue", affirmant qu'il envoyait le message suivant : "Je suis votre président, je ne me cache pas, je ne vais nulle part. Je suis pas derrière le bureau ou en costume. Je suis ici avec le risque d'être tué, comme tout le monde.

Aux Pays-Bas, presque tous les députés ont unanimement salué le discours de Zelensky, y compris des mots comme "impressionnant" et "un moment historique" ont été mentionnés.

Timothy Naftali de l'Université de New York a déclaré que les discours sont "un rappel qu'il y a une lutte pour la vie ou la mort en cours - et cela oblige les politiciens à examiner en temps réel quels sont les risques acceptables." Olga Onuch de l'Université de Manchester a déclaré que l'Occident était pour "la première fois le voir comme un égal".

L'utilisation par Zelensky des médias sociaux pour diffuser des messages a également attiré l'attention des commentateurs. Patrick Wintour de The Guardian a déclaré que Zelenskyy "a été constamment au téléphone avec les dirigeants occidentaux, utilisant son fil Twitter pour cajoler, encourager, gronder et louer ses alliés. Dans le processus, les sanctions considérées comme impensable il y a une semaine sont devenus une ligne de base morale." Karrin Vasby Anderson de la Colorado State University a déclaré que "l'approche de Zelenskyy vise à fournir aux citoyens ordinaires un contenu qu'ils peuvent utiliser facilement sur les réseaux sociaux pour faire pression sur leurs représentants politiques".

Certains commentateurs ont fait valoir que les réactions aux discours de Zelenskyy avaient trop tendance à l'idolâtrie. Arwa Mahdawi de The Guardian a déclaré qu'"il y a une différence entre respecter un homme politique et le sexualiser ou le vénérer" et que de telles réactions risquaient de banaliser la situation en Ukraine et de promouvoir des récits trop simplistes sur la situation. Certains commentateurs ont également critiqué l'utilisation par Zelenskyy de comparaisons avec l'Holocauste, en particulier son utilisation du terme «solution finale» dans son discours à la Knesset israélienne.

Voir aussi
 Liste des discours prononcés par Vladimir Poutine

Références

Liens externes

Invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022
2022 en Ukraine
Volodymyr Zelensky
Discours

Discours de Volodymyr Zelensky lors de l'invasion russe de l'Ukraine en 2022


මාධව ශ්‍රිනාත් තිරිමාන Madhawa  Thirimanna ශ්‍රී ලාoකික තරුණ කෙටි චිත්‍රපට අධ්‍යක්ෂක සහ නිෂ්පාදකයෙකු වෙයි. ලාoකිය කෙටි චිත්‍රපට කළාව නව තලයකට ගෙනයාමට උත්සහා අරන මොහු ජාත්‍යන්තර තරග කිහිපයක් සදහාම තම රට නියොජනය කරමින් සහභාගි වි ඇත.

මුල් දිවිය

මොහු සිය පාසල් දිවිය ගතකලේ වත්තල ශාන්ත අන්තොනි ජාතික පාසලේ වන අතර පාසල් කාලයේ සිටම වෙදිකා නාට්‍ය නිර්මාණය කරමින් තම කළා කව්ශල්‍ය විදහා දැක්විය.

ප්‍රසිද්ද වෙදිකාව

2009 වසරෙදි මෙම කළාකරුවා විසින් තම ප්‍රතම ප්‍රසිද්ද වෙදිකාව සදහා වන නාට්‍ය එලිදක්වනු ලැබු අතර එය නමින් කොල්ලය විය.

කෙටි චිත්‍රපට
 2013 වසරෙ තම සිනමා නිර්මාණ සිහිනය සැබැකරගන්නා මාධව තිරිමාන්නයන් එම කෙටි චිත්‍රපටය Eternal love(සදාතනික ආදරය)
නමින් ඉoග්‍රිසි බසින් නිර්මාණය කරනු ලැබිය,
 ඉන් නොනැවතුන මොහු 2014 වර්ෂයෙදි අවසානයට පෙර  සහා දඩයම නැමැති කෙටි චිත්‍රපට ද්විත්වය නිර්මාණය කරනු ලැබිය.

මූලාශ‍්‍ර

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ චිත්‍රපට අධ්‍යක්ෂකවරු
Sri Lankan film directors
Short film directors

මාධව තිරිමාන්න


ඊඩන් ගිසෙල් සිල්වා (උපත 1996 මාර්තු 14) බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ටෙනිස් ක්‍රීඩකයෙක් සහ රුසියානු සහ ශ්‍රී ලංකා සම්භවයක් ඇති නිරූපිකාවකි.

ඇය වෘත්තීය මට්ටමේ ඉහළම WTA ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම් 2023 ජනවාරි 30 දින කේවල 300 ලෙසද 2020 පෙබරවාරි 3 දින යුගල 126 ලෙසද ලගා විය.

සිල්වා 2018 ඩුබායි ටෙනිස් ශූරතාවලියේ දී ඇයගේ WTA සංචාරයේ ප්‍රධාන දිනුම් ඇදීම සඳහා යුගල තරගයේ දී ලීසා පොනොමාර් සමඟ හවුල් විය.

පුද්ගලික
සිල්වා නැගෙනහිර ලන්ඩනයේ ගැන්ට්ස් හිල්හි අයෙකි. ඉන්ස්ටග්‍රෑම් හරහා නියෝජිතායතනයක් මගින් ඇය නිරූපණ කටයුතු ද කර ඇත.

යොමු කිරීම්

ජීවමාන ජනයා
1996 උපත්

ඊඩ්න් සිල්වා


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