Homer Lusk Collyer (November 6, 1881March 21, 1947) and Langley Wakeman Collyer (October 3, 1885), known as the Collyer brothers, were two American brothers who became infamous for their bizarre natures and compulsive hoarding. The two lived in seclusion in their Harlem brownstone at 2078 Fifth Avenue (at the corner of 128th Street) in New York City where they obsessively collected books, furniture, musical instruments, and a myriad of other items, with booby traps set up in corridors and doorways to crush intruders. Both died in their home in March 1947 and were found dead (Homer on March 21, Langley not until April 8) surrounded by more than 140 tons () of collected items that they had amassed over several decades.

Since the 1960s, the site of the former Collyer house has been a pocket park, named for the brothers.

Family and education
The Collyer brothers were sons of Herman Livingston Collyer (1857–1923), a Manhattan gynecologist who worked at Bellevue Hospital, and his first cousin, Susie Gage Frost Collyer (1856–1929), a former opera singer. The brothers claimed that their ancestors had traveled to America from England on the Fortune, the ship that arrived in Massachusetts in 1621, a year after the Mayflower. The Collyers' mother and father were both descended from the Livingstons, a New York family with roots going back to the 18th century. Robert Livingston was the first of the Livingston family to immigrate to America in 1672 — 52 years after the Mayflower. In 1880 Herman and Susie had their first child, a daughter they named Susan, who died at four months old. The following year, on November 6, the couple's first son, Homer Lusk, was born. In 1885 their second son, Langley Wakeman, was born. At the time of Langley's birth, the couple were living in a tenement while Herman Collyer interned at Bellevue. As a child, Homer attended PS (Public School) 69. At the age of 14, he was accepted to the College of the City of New York as a "sub-freshman", earning his bachelor's degree six years later.

Both Homer and Langley attended Columbia University, which had just relocated to its present-day Morningside Heights campus. Homer obtained a degree in admiralty law, while Langley studied engineering and chemistry. Langley was also an accomplished concert pianist; he played professionally for a time and performed at Carnegie Hall. Langley was also a layman of the Trinity Church where the family had been parishioners since 1697.

In 1909, Herman Collyer moved the family into a four-story brownstone in the Harlem neighborhood at 2078 Fifth Avenue. Dr. Collyer was known to be eccentric and was said to frequently paddle down the East River in a canoe to the City Hospital on Blackwell's Island, where he occasionally worked, and then to carry the canoe back to his home in Harlem after he came ashore on Manhattan Island. Around 1919, Herman and Susie Collyer separated. Dr. Collyer moved to a new home at 153 West 77th Street while Susie Collyer stayed in the Harlem brownstone. Homer and Langley, who had never married or lived on their own, chose to remain with their mother. Dr. Collyer died in 1923, leaving his sons all of his possessions, including items from his medical practice, which they brought to their home in Harlem. Susie Collyer died in 1929, leaving the brothers all her possessions and the Harlem brownstone.

Seclusion and hoarding
After their mother's death, the Collyer brothers continued to live together in the Harlem brownstone they inherited. For the next four years, the brothers socialized with others and left their home on a regular basis. Homer continued to practice law while Langley worked as a piano dealer. Both also taught Sunday school at the Trinity Church. In 1933, Homer lost his eyesight due to hemorrhages in the back of his eyes. Langley quit his job to care for his brother and the two began to withdraw from society. As time progressed, the brothers became fearful due to changes in the neighborhood; the largely upper-class area changed dramatically due to the economic effects of the Great Depression. The brothers were also uncomfortable with the shift in racial demographics, as more African Americans moved into the once-empty apartment houses that were built near a projected subway route. When later asked why the two chose to shut themselves off from the world, Langley Collyer replied, "We don't want to be bothered."

As rumors about the brothers' unconventional lifestyle spread throughout Harlem, crowds began to congregate outside their home. The attention caused the brothers' fears to increase along with their eccentricities. After teenagers threw rocks at their windows, they boarded them up and wired the doors shut. After unfounded rumors spread throughout the neighborhood that the brothers' home contained valuables and large sums of money, several people attempted to burglarize the home. In an attempt to exclude burglars, Langley used his engineering skills to construct booby traps and tunnels among the collection of items and trash that filled the house. The house soon became a maze of boxes, complicated tunnel systems consisting of junk and trash rigged with trip wires. Homer and Langley Collyer lived in "nests" created amongst the debris that was piled to the ceiling.

Langley spent the majority of his time tinkering with various inventions, such as a device to vacuum the inside of pianos and a Model T Ford adapted to generate electricity. He also cared for his brother Homer. Langley later told a reporter that he fed and bathed his brother, read him classic literature, as he could no longer see, and played piano sonatas for him. He also tended to Homer's health and was determined to cure his brother's physical ailments through "diet and rest". Langley concocted a diet for his brother consisting of one hundred oranges a week, black bread, and peanut butter, claiming that this regimen was curing Homer's blindness. After Homer became paralyzed due to inflammatory rheumatism, he refused to seek professional medical treatment, because both brothers distrusted doctors. The brothers feared that if Homer sought medical attention, doctors would cut his optic nerve, leaving him permanently blind, and give him drugs that would hasten his death. Langley Collyer later told a reporter, "You must remember that we are the sons of a doctor. We have a medical library of 15,000 books in the house. We decided we would not call in any doctors. You see, we knew too much about medicine."

Langley began venturing out of the house only after midnight and would walk miles all over the city to get food, sometimes going as far as the Williamsburg, Brooklyn section of the city to buy as little as a loaf of bread. He would also pick food out of the garbage and collect food that was going to be thrown out by grocers and butchers to bring back to his brother Homer.

By the early 1930s, the Collyer brothers' brownstone had fallen into disrepair. Their telephone was disconnected in 1937 and was never reconnected, as the brothers said they had no one to talk to. Because the brothers failed to pay their bills, the electricity, water, and gas were turned off in 1938. They took to warming the large house using only a small kerosene heater. For a time, Langley attempted to generate electricity by means of a car engine. Langley would fetch their water from a pump in a nearby park. Their only link to the outside world was via a crystal radio that Langley made.

Neighbors and shopkeepers in the area described Langley Collyer as a generally polite and rational man, but added that he was "crazy". A reporter who interviewed Langley in 1942 described him as a "soft-spoken old gentleman with a liking for privacy" who spoke in a "low, polite and cultivated voice". His appearance was disheveled; he sported a droopy mustache, wore a 1910 boating cap and his tattered clothes were held together by pins. While Langley Collyer ventured out of the home and occasionally interacted with other people, Homer had scarcely been seen or heard from since he went blind and retreated from the world in 1933. Langley was fiercely protective of Homer and would not allow anyone to see or speak to him. When he caught neighbors attempting to peek into their windows from a neighboring home, Langley bought the property for $7,500 cash. When a small fire broke out in the home in 1941, Langley refused to let firemen who extinguished the fire see or speak to his brother.

Public scrutiny
In 1932, shortly before Homer Collyer went blind, he purchased the lot across the street from their house at 2077 Fifth Avenue, with the intent of developing it by putting up an apartment building, but after the onset of his blindness, any plans of profit from the real estate venture ended. Since the Collyer brothers never paid any of their bills and stopped paying income taxes in 1931, the property was repossessed by the City of New York in 1943 to pay the $1,900 in back income taxes that the Collyers owed the city. Langley protested the repossession of their property, saying that since they had no income, they should not have to pay income taxes.

While rumors and legends abounded in Harlem about the brothers, they came to wider attention when, in 1938, a story about their refusal to sell their home to a real estate agent for $125,000 appeared in The New York Times. The Times repeated information about the brothers' hoarding and also repeated neighborhood rumors that the brothers lived in some sort of "Orientalist splendor" and were sitting on vast piles of cash, afraid to deposit it in a bank. Neither rumor was true; however, the brothers were not insolvent.

After The New York Times story ran, Helen Worden, a reporter from New York World-Telegram, became interested in the brothers and interviewed Langley Collyer (Worden would release a book about the brothers in 1954). Langley told Worden that he stopped playing piano professionally after performing at Carnegie Hall, because "Paderewski followed me. He got better notices than I. What was the use of going on?" Langley explained that he dressed in shabby clothing, because "[T]hey would rob me if I didn't".

The Collyer brothers made the news again when, in 1939, workers from Consolidated Edison attempted to force their way into the house to remove two gas meters that had been shut off in 1928, and were met with hostility from the reclusive brothers. The incident, publicized in the local press, reportedly drew a crowd of a thousand curious onlookers and was one of the few times Homer was seen outside their apartment. The brothers drew media attention again in August 1942 when the Bowery Savings Bank threatened to evict the Collyers for failing to pay their mortgage for three years. That same year, New York Herald Tribune reporter Herbert Clyde Lewis interviewed Langley. In response to a query about the bundles of newspapers that were kept in the brothers' home, Langley replied, "I am saving newspapers for Homer, so that when he regains his sight he can catch up on the news."

In November 1942, the Bowery Savings Bank began eviction procedures and sent a cleanup crew to the home. Langley began yelling at the workers, prompting the neighbors to summon the police. When the police attempted to force their way into the home by smashing down the front door, they were stymied by a sheer wall of junk piled from floor to ceiling. They found Langley Collyer in a clearing he had made in the middle of the debris. Without comment, Langley made out a check for $6,700 ( equivalent of $), paying off the mortgage in full in a single payment. He then ordered everyone off the premises, and withdrew from outside scrutiny once more, emerging only at night when he wanted to file criminal complaints against intruders, get food, or collect items that piqued his interest.

Homer Collyer's death

On March 21, 1947, an anonymous tipster who identified himself only as "Charles Smith" phoned the 122nd Police Precinct and insisted there was a dead body in the house. The caller claimed that the smell of decomposition was emanating from the house. As the police were used to calls from neighbors about the Collyer brothers' home, a patrol officer was dispatched. The responding officer initially had a difficult time getting into the house. There was no doorbell or telephone and the doors were locked; and though the basement windows were broken, they were protected by iron grillwork. An emergency squad of seven men eventually had no choice but to begin pulling out all of the junk that was blocking their way and throw it out onto the street below. The brownstone's foyer was packed solid by a wall of old newspapers, folding beds and chairs, half a sewing machine, boxes, parts of a wine press, and numerous other pieces of junk. A patrolman finally broke in through a window into a second-story bedroom. Behind this window lay, among other things, more packages and newspaper bundles, empty cardboard boxes lashed together with rope, the frame of a baby carriage, a rake, and old umbrellas tied together. After five hours of digging, Homer Collyer's body was found in an alcove surrounded by filled boxes and newspapers that were piled to the ceiling. Homer was wearing a tattered blue-and-white bathrobe, his matted, grey hair reached his shoulders, and his head was resting on his knees.

The medical examiner confirmed Homer's identity and said that the elder brother had been dead for approximately ten hours. According to the medical examiner, Homer died from starvation and heart disease. Police initially suspected that Langley Collyer was the man who phoned in the anonymous tip regarding his brother's death and theorized that he fled the house before police arrived. It was later discovered that, in fact, a neighbor had called police based on a rumor he had heard. A police officer was posted outside the home to wait for Langley, but he never arrived. Police began to suspect that Langley was dead when he failed to attend Homer's funeral, held on April 1.

Langley Collyer's discovery
After the discovery of Homer Collyer's body, rumors began circulating that Langley had been seen aboard a bus heading for Atlantic City. A manhunt along the New Jersey shore turned up nothing. Reports of Langley sightings led police to a total of nine states. The police continued searching the house, removing 3,000 books, including several outdated phone books, a horse's jawbone, a Steinway piano, an early X-ray machine, and more bundles of newspapers. More than nineteen tons of junk were removed from the ground floor of the brownstone. The police continued to clear away the brothers' stockpile for another week, removing another eighty-four tons of trash and junk from the house. Although a good deal of the junk came from their father's medical practice, a considerable portion was discarded items collected by Langley over the years. Approximately 2,000 people stood outside the home to watch the clean-up effort.

On April 8, 1947, a workman found the body of Langley Collyer ten feet (3 m) from where Homer had died. Langley was found in a two-foot (60 cm) wide tunnel lined with rusty bed springs and a chest of drawers. His decomposing body, which was the actual source of the smell reported by the anonymous tipster, had been partially eaten by rats and was covered by a suitcase, bundles of newspapers and three metal bread boxes. The medical examiner determined that Langley had died around March 9. Police theorized that Langley was crawling through the tunnel to take food to his paralyzed brother when he inadvertently tripped a booby trap he had created and was crushed by debris. His death was attributed to asphyxiation.

The brothers were buried next to their parents in unmarked graves at Cypress Hills Cemetery, in the Brooklyn borough.

House contents
Police and workmen removed approximately 120 tons of valuables, junk and other items from the Collyer brownstone. Items were removed from the house such as baby carriages, a doll carriage, rusted bicycles, old food, potato peelers, a collection of guns, glass chandeliers, bowling balls, camera equipment, the folding top of a horse-drawn carriage, a sawhorse, three body forms, painted portraits, photos of pin-up girls from the early 1900s, plaster busts, Mrs. Collyer's hope chests, rusty bed springs, the kerosene stove, a child's chair (the brothers were lifelong bachelors and childless), more than 25,000 books (including thousands about medicine and engineering and more than 2,500 on law), human organs pickled in jars, eight live cats, the chassis of the old Model T with which Langley had been tinkering, tapestries, hundreds of yards of unused silks and other fabrics, clocks, fourteen pianos (both grand and upright), a clavichord, two organs, banjos, violins, bugles, accordions, a gramophone and records, and countless bundles of newspapers and magazines, some of them decades old, and thousands of bottles and tin cans and a great deal of garbage. Near the spot where Homer had died, police also found 34 bank account passbooks, with a total of $3,007 (about $ as of ).

Some of the more unusual items found in the home were exhibited at Hubert's Dime Museum, where they were featured alongside Human Marvels and sideshow performers. The centerpiece of this display was the chair in which Homer Collyer had died. The Collyer chair passed into the hands of private collectors upon being removed from public exhibit in 1956.

The house, having long gone without maintenance, was decaying: the roof leaked and some walls had caved in, showering bricks and mortar on the rooms below. The house was deemed "unsafe and [a] fire hazard" in July 1947 and was razed later that month.

Most of the items found in the Collyer brothers' house were deemed worthless and were disposed of. The salvageable items fetched about $2,000 at auction; the cumulative estate of the Collyer brothers was valued at $91,000 (equivalent to $ in ), of which $20,000 worth was personal property (jewelry, cash, securities, and the like). Fifty-six people, mostly first and second cousins, made claims for the estate. A Pittsburgh woman named Ella Davis claimed to be the long lost sister of the Collyers. Davis' claim was dismissed after she failed to provide a birth certificate to prove her identity (years earlier, Davis claimed she was the widow of Peter Liebach, another wealthy recluse, from Pittsburgh, who was found murdered in 1937). In October 1952, the New York County court decided that twenty-three of the claimants were to split the estate equally.

In popular culture
A Collyer's Mansion (also Collyer Mansion or just Collyer) is a modern East Coast firefighting term for a dwelling of hoarders that is so filled with trash and debris it becomes a serious danger to the occupants and emergency responders.
In the 1955–1956 "Classic 39" season of The Honeymooners ("The Worry Wart"), affable neighbor Ed Norton, chiding Ralph Kramden for his thriftiness, quips "Congratulations on that 93 cent gas bill, Ralph ... You broke the all-time low gas bill record, set by the Collyer brothers in 1931!"
The 1995 movie Unstrung Heroes features two uncles whose lifestyle and apartment are a direct homage to the Collyer brothers. The film was based on a 1991 memoir by Franz Lidz, who in 2003 published Ghosty Men: The Strange but True Story of the Collyer Brothers, New York's Greatest Hoarders. Ghosty Men also chronicles the parallel life of Arthur Lidz, the hermit uncle of Unstrung Heroes, who grew up near the Collyer mansion and was inspired by the brothers.
In September 2009, Random House published E. L. Doctorow's Homer & Langley, a work of historical fiction that speculates on the brothers' inner lives. Taking considerable historical liberties, the novel extends their lifespans into the late 1970s and switches the brothers' birth order.
Matt Bell's short story "The Collectors" focuses on the months leading up to the Collyers' deaths, as well as exploring Langley's memories of their past and the effects on the people who discover their bodies. It was first published in 2009 as a chapbook, then included in Bell's debut collection How They Were Found in 2010.
The brothers are also the inspiration behind Richard Greenberg's play The Dazzle which played in London to excellent reviews in the winter of 2015–16. Andrew Scott and David Dawson played Langley and Homer respectively, in the production by Emily Dobbs, which was staged at the former site of the Central Saint Martins School of Art on Charing Cross Road.

See also
Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Some other recluses
(See List of recluses for a more comprehensive list)
Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale and Edith Bouvier Beale, famous recluses
Damião Experiença, Brazilian eccentric recluse, outsider musician and compulsive hoarder
Hetty Green, businesswoman and miser of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Howard Hughes, American businessman, aviator, engineer and eccentric recluse
Alexander Kennedy Miller, eccentric recluse and compulsive hoarder of Stutz automobiles
Edmund Trebus, British compulsive hoarder

Footnotes

Further reading

Franz Lidz. "The Paper Chase", The New York Times, October 26, 2003.

Strange Case of the Collyer Brothers. Life, April, 1947.

External links
Collyer brothers photo gallery, New York Daily News, October 19, 2012
Article on the Collyer brothers  on the Obsessive Compulsive Foundation website

1880s births
1947 deaths
American hermits
Hoarders
History of New York City
People from Manhattan
People from Harlem
Livingston family
Sibling duos
Columbia University alumni
Burials at Cypress Hills Cemetery

Collyer brothers


ඔබට අවැසි ලිපිය තෝරාගන්න
 රස්තෆාරි ව්‍යාපාරය
 රස් තෆාරි මැකොනන් හෙවත් හෙයිලේ සෙල්ලාසි

රස්තෆාරි


Beşkardeş  Konya ilinin Kulu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Konya iline 136, Kulu ilçesine 17 km. mesafededir.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNET
 Köy hakkında

Kulu'nun mahalleleri
Orta Anadolu Kürtleri'nin yaşadıkları bölgeler

Beşkardeş, Kulu


تعليمه

المؤهلات العلميـــة:
الدكـــتوراة : الفلسفة في الإعلام بتقدير ممتاز مع مرتبة الشرف الأولى
المــاجستير : إعلام بتقدير ممتاز مع مرتبة الشرف الأولى
الجـامعـيـة : إعلام - شعبة صحافة

حياته العملية

المناصب التي تولاها

 عضو مجلس الشورى اعتباراً من 3/3/1426هـ
 مدير عام الدار العربية للطباعة والنشر
 مدير عام شركة الباحة للاستثمار والتنمية (سابقا)
 وكيل لكلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز
 رئيس قسم الإعلام بكلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز
 رئيس مركز المعارف للدراسات والاستشارات الإعلامية
 الاشراف على دراسات الجدوى الاقتصادية ومن ثم التنفيذ ثم الإدارة لعدد من المشاريع الصناعية والسياحية والعقارية والزراعية والإنتاج الحيواني
 عضوية مجالس ولجان:
 عضو مؤسس بمؤسسة عسير للصحافة والنشر
 رئيس هيئة جائزة التميز الإعلامي.
 نائب رئيس مجلس إدارة الجمعية السعودية للإعلام والاتصال
 عضو مجلس إدارة الدار العربية للطباعة والنشر
 عضو مجلس إدارة صحيفة الوطن السعودية
 عضو لجنة الصناعات الورقية بالغرفة التجارية الصناعية بالرياض
 عضو لجنة التأديب بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز
 عضو الجمعية الدولية للاتصال – كندا
 عضو بلجنتي تطوير الانتساب والتأديب بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة
 عضو اللجنة الإعلامية بمؤتمر وزراء الإعلام بالدول الإسلامية
 عضو اللجنة الإعلامية بمؤتمر علماء المسلمين برابطة العالم الإسلامي
 شارك في العديد من المؤتمرات والندوات والمنتديات المحلية والعالمية في مجالات الإعلام والسياحة والفكر العربي

أدبه ومؤلفاته

 دور الاعلام في تحديث المجتمعات النامية
 الأسس العلمية لإدارة المؤسسات الاعلامية
 تقويم أداء أجهزة العلاقات العامة
 اتجاهت الآباء نحو أثر برامج التلفزيون على الأبناء
 موقف رجال الأعمال من الإعلان عن منشآتهم
 اتجاهات رجال الأعمال نحو الإعلان
 نحو دور متطور للعلاقات العامة في قضايا البيئة

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
أعضاء مجلس الشورى السعودي
حجازيون
مواليد 1949

منصور بن كدسة


Hrvatski nogometni kup 2016./17. je dvadeset i šesto izdanje Hrvatskog nogometnog kupa. U natjecanju sudjeluje ukupno 48 klubova.Natjecanje je četvrti put u svojoj povijesti osvojila HNK Rijeka.Naslov pobjednika je branio Dinamo iz Zagreba.

Pretkolo
Ždrijeb parova pretkola kupa, u kojem sudjeluju 32 kluba kvalificirana preko županijskih kupova, je održan 3. kolovoza 2016., a susreti su planirani za 24. kolovoza 2016.

Šesnaestina završnice
Parovi šesnaestine završnice kupa, u kojem sudjeluje 16 pobjednika susreta pretkola i 16 momčadi izravno kvalificiranih preko svog koeficijenta su određeni nakon odigravanja utakmica pretkola. Susreti šesnaestine završnice su igrani 21. i 22. rujna 2016.

Osmina završnice
Susreti osmine završnice su predviđeni za 26. listopada 2016., a igrani su 25. i 26. listopada 2016.

Četvrtzavršnica
Susreti četvrtzavršnice su rasporedom predviđeni za 30. studenog 2016., a igrani su 29. i 30. studenog 2016.

Poluzavršnica
Poluzavršnica kupa se igra na dvije utakmice – jednu doma, drugu gostujuću.

Finale

Rijeka pobjednik Hrvatskog nogometnog kupa za sezonu 2016./17.

Poveznice
 MaxTV Prva HNL 2016./17.
 2. HNL 2016./17.
 3. HNL 2016./17.
 4. rang HNL-a 2016./17.
 5. rang HNL-a 2016./17.
 6. rang HNL-a 2016./17.
 7. rang HNL-a 2016./17.

Izvori
 Službene stranice HNS-a, Hrvatski nogometni kup
 hrnogomet.com, Hrvatski nogometni kup 2016./17.
 hrsport.net, Hrvatski nogometni kup 2016./17.
 hns-cff.hr, Glasnik - službeno glasilo Hrvatskog nogometnog saveza'' br 08/XXV, propozicije Hrvatskog nogometnog kupa za 2016./17., objavljeno 24. veljače 2016., preuzeto 27. kolovoza 2016.

2015-16
 kup

Hrvatski nogometni kup 2016./17.


|}
Die Heart of Wales Line (walisisch: Rheilffordd Calon Cymru) ist eine Eisenbahnstrecke, die von Craven Arms in Shropshire nach Llanelli in Südwales verläuft. Wie der Name andeutet, verläuft sie durch das Herzstück von Wales. An der Strecke liegen einige ländliche Zentren, darunter einige früher renommierte Heilbäder wie Llandrindod Wells. Im Bahnhof Builth Road, 3,3 km von der Stadt Builth Wells entfernt, kreuzte die Strecke früher die ehemalige Mid-Wales Railway, die in den 1960er-Jahren stillgelegt wurde.

Die Strecke wurde in mehreren Abschnitten zwischen 1861 und 1868 von verschiedenen Eisenbahngesellschaften eröffnet, hinter denen jeweils die London and North Western Railway stand. Im Rahmen der so genannten Beeching-Axt von 1962 war die Strecke zur Schließung vorgesehen. Dass sie dennoch erhalten blieb, lag zum einen daran, dass sie nennenswerten Güterverkehr unter anderem zu den Stahlwerken in Bynea aufwies. Zum anderen verlief sie durch sechs Wahlkreise, die zwischen den beiden britischen Parteien umkämpft waren, so dass die Labour-Regierung von Harold Wilson sie von der Stilllegung ausnahm. Heute findet Güterverkehr auf der Strecke nur noch statt, wenn andere Strecken gesperrt sind.

Die Strecke ist komplett eingleisig, abgesehen von einem kurzen Abschnitt am südlichen Ende, der gemeinsam mit der Swansea District Line genutzt wird. Kreuzungsmöglichkeiten gibt es in Llandeilo, Llandovery, Llanwrtyd, Llandrindod und Knighton. Nachdem zwei Jahre lang nur zwei der Kreuzungsgleise in Betrieb waren und die anderen drei als Ersatzteilspender dienten, wurden bis Oktober 2010 alle fünf modernisiert und wieder in Betrieb genommen.

Im Jahr 1987 gab es auf der Strecke in der Nähe von Llandeilo ein Zugunglück, als die Glanrhyd Bridge nach starkem Hochwasser einstürzte und ein morgendlicher Zug Richtung Norden in den River Towy stürzte. Vier Menschen kamen bei der Katastrophe ums Leben. Die Zukunft der Strecke war daraufhin unsicher, aber politische Kräfte aller Lager setzten sich für ihren Fortbestand ein.

Heute verkehren auf der Strecke fünf Zugpaare von montags bis samstags und zwei an Sonntagen. Eingesetzt werden Dieseltriebwagen der Baureihen 150 und 153 (Sprinter), wobei letztere wegen ihrer Unzuverlässigkeit, engen Platzverhältnissen und schlechter Aussicht kritisiert werden. Die Strecke weist zurzeit mit einer Reisezeit von über 4 Stunden die längsten Zugläufe dieser beiden Baureihen auf.

Weblinks

Website der Heart of Wales Line (englisch)
Arriva Trains Wales: Website der Heart of Wales Line mit Links zu den aktuellen Fahrplänen (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Bahnstrecke in Wales

Heart of Wales Line


Zollhaus ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Wassertrüdingen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Die Einöde liegt im Wörnitzgrund und ist von Acker- und Grünland mit vereinzeltem Baumbestand umgeben. Im Süden wird die Flur Hungerbühl genannt. 0,5 km südöstlich liegt der Espanwald, 0,75 km östlich das Waldgebiet Chorälln. Die Staatsstraße 2221 führt an der Hertleinsmühle vorbei nach Wassertrüdingen (1,4 km nordwestlich) bzw. nach Auhausen (2,6 km südlich).

Geschichte
Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts übte das ansbachische Oberamt Wassertrüdingen das Hochgericht aus, das jedoch auch vom ansbachischen Oberamt Hohentrüdingen beansprucht wurde. Grundherr des Anwesens war das oettingen-spielbergische Evangelische Oberamt Oettingen.

Infolge des Gemeindeedikts wurde Zollhaus 1809 dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Geilsheim zugeordnet. 1818 wurde es in die neu gebildete Ruralgemeinde Schobdach umgemeindet. Im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern wurde Zollhaus am 1. Juli 1971 nach Wassertrüdingen eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und in die Dreieinigkeitskirche (Wassertrüdingen) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession waren ursprünglich nach St. Maria Magdalena (Cronheim) gepfarrt, heute ist die Pfarrei Heilig Geist (Wassertrüdingen) zuständig.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Ortsteil von Wassertrüdingen
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung

Zollhaus (Wassertrüdingen)


St. Mary's County may refer to:

St. Mary's County, Maryland
St. Mary's County, Utah Territory, now part of Nevada

St. Mary's County


Tring Rural es una parroquia civil del distrito de Dacorum, en el condado de Hertfordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Tring Rural tiene una superficie de 17,72 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Tring Rural tenía 1292 habitantes (50,31% varones, 49,69% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 72,91 hab/km². El 23,07% eran menores de 16 años, el 72,29% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 4,64% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 37,39 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 21,23% estaban solteros, el 66,2% casados, y el 12,58% divorciados o viudos.

El 95,59% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,63% de la población, mientras que el 2,79% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 99,23% eran blancos, el 0,54% mestizos, y el 0,23% asiáticos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 75,1%, el judaísmo por el 0,78%, el islam por el 0,39%, y el sijismo por el 0,23%. El 17,07% no eran religiosos y el 6,44% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 520 hogares con residentes, 5 vacíos, y 5 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Parroquias civiles de Hertfordshire

Tring Rural


BCRA is an acronym that can represent:
 Banco Central de la República Argentina, the Central Bank of Argentina
 Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, the U.S. Senate version of the American Health Care Act of 2017
 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
 British Cave Research Association
 Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action, "Intelligence and Operations Central Bureau", commonly referred as just BCRA, the World War II era forerunner of the SDECE French intelligence service.

BCRA


Sir Charles Algernon Parsons (London, 13. lipnja 1854. – Kingston Harbour, 11. veljače 1931.), britanski inženjer, najpoznatiji po izumu s parne turbine. Radio je također na konstruiranju trubina, dinamu i elektranama te optičkoj opremi za reflektore i teleskope. Imao je veliki utjecaj na elektrotehniku i brodogradnju.

Životopis
Parsons je rođen u Londonu u anglo-irskoj obitelji u obitelji 13-tero djece kao najmlađi sin Williama Parsonsa (3. Earl od Rosse), ali je samo 4 sina preživjelo djetinjstvo.Rodivši se u plemićkoj obitelji, imao je privilegiju privatnog obrazovanja u Irskoj što ga je potaknulo da se bavi znanošću.

Pohađao je Trinity College u Dublinu te kasnije St. John's College u Cambridgeu gdje je studirao matematiku te diplomirao 1877. Iste godine se zapošljava u inženjerskoj tvrtci W.G. Armstronga kao naučnik. Kao vodeći inženjer za električnu opremu u Clarke, Chapman and Co., 1884. razvio je složenu parnu turbinu koja je revolucionizirala pomorstvo i pomorsko ratovanje. 1889. započinje rad u vlastitoj tvrtci C.A. Parsons and Company, nakon što je radio u nekoliko različitih kompanija te stekao vrijedno iskustvo, u kojoj se bavi proizvodnjom parnih turbina, električnih generatora i ostalih električnih uređaja. Danas je njegova tvrtka dio njemačkog konglomerata Siemens.

Kao veliki ljubitelj brodova i pomorstva, uz rad na turbinama, gradi Turbiniu, prvi brod pokretan parnom turbinom, koji se mogao kretati brzinom od 34 čvora, za razliku od ostalih brodova Britanske ratne mornarice koji su imali brzinu od 27 čvorova.Po uzoru na Turbiniu, ratni brodovi su brzo usvojili pogon na parnu turbinu.

Parsons je umro 11. veljače 1931. dok je krstario za ženom.

Parna Turbina

Parna turbina koju je Parsons konstuirao temeljila se na nakoliko stupnjeva u nizu. Ekspanzija svakog stupnja bila je ograničena tako da se izvuče maksimalna kinetička energija iz lopatica, a da one pritom ne pređu dopuštenu brzinu rotacije. Turbina je 1891. dobila kondenzator te se počinje koristiti u elektranama. Prva takva elektrana koja je koristila parnu turbinu bila je Fort Banks u Engleskoj. Kroz sljedećih nekoliko godina, turbina se dalje razvijala te je 1899. godine izrađena jedna nazivne snage 1 MW koja se koristila u elektrani u Elberfeldu, Njemačka.

Turbinia

Prepoznavši veliki potencijal svog parnog stroja, Parsons je svoj izum odlučio iskoristiti u pomorstvu. Prvo je svoje naume i eksperimente vršio na malome modelu te dobivene rezultate iskoristio za gradnju Turbinie. Turbinia je prvi put puštena u pogon 2. kolovoza 1894. godine. Povodom 60. obljetnice vladavine kraljice Viktorije 26. lipnja 1897. godine održana je pomorska smotra ratne mornarice. Parsons se nepozvan pojavio s Turbiniom te koja je bila brža od svih nadzočnih razarača mornarice. Mornarica, oduševljena Turbiniom, u sljedeće dvije godine gradi dva nova razarača, Viper i Cobra, koji su pokretani Parsonsovim turbinama. Turbinia je 1907. godine izvađena iz pogona te je danas izložena u muzeju u Newcastle-u.

Obitelj i nasljeđe
Dok je radio u Leedsu, Parsons je upoznao buduću ženu Katherine Bethell s kojom se oženio 1883., navodno ju osvojivši impresivnim znanjem šivanja. Zajedno su imali dvoje djece, kćer Rachel (1885.) i sina Georgea (1886.). Za vrijeme života osvojio je brojne nagrade i medalje od kojih su samo neke Copleyeva medalja, Rumfordova medalja, Faradayeva medalja. Parsons je umro 1931. dok je bio na krstarenju sa ženom.

Zbog svojih mnogih brojnih uspjeha i zasluga, 2017. godine je u optjecaj pušteno 6000 srebrnih kovanica od 15 eura.

Izvori

 https://web.archive.org/web/20081225130458/http://www.birrcastle.com/inventionsAndExperiments.asp
 http://www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk/125/noflash/1875-1900/parsons.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20150530224613/http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5652.pdf

Britanski znanstvenici

Charles Algernon Parsons


Dota 2 je videoigra, stilom strategija u realnom vremenu (RTS) tipa MOBA  iz 2013. godine koju je razvio i objavio Valve. Igra je nastavak Defense of the Ancientsa (DotA), što je bio mod za Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos od Blizzard Entertainmenta. Dota 2 se igra između dva tima po pet igrača, pri čemu svaki tim zauzima i brani zasebnu bazu na karti. Svaki od deset igrača neovisno kontrolira svog lika, poznatog kao "heroj", a svaki od njih ima jedinstvene sposobnosti i različite stilove igre. Tim pobjeđuje time što je prvi uništio "Ancient" drugog tima, veliku strukturu smještenu unutar njihove baze.

Igrivost

Dota 2 je MOBA igra koja se igra između dva tima po pet igrača, a cilj je uništiti središnju građevinu suparničkog tima poznatu kao "Ancient". Svaki od igrača raspolaže herojem čije sposobnosti i moći napreduju tijekom igre. Svaki od heroja ima šest utora za inventar u koje se mogu pohranjivati stvari koje utječu na sposobnosti. Kako bi se sakupilo proizvode, koristi se novac koji se dobija eliminacijom nakaza (creeps).

Igra zahtjeva veliku usmjerenost prema taktici i timskoj koordinaciji i izrazito je fokusirana na strategije koje omogućuju optimalno nadograđivanje snage, što je brže moguće, kao i pravilno prikupljanje i korištenje proizvoda.

Iako je Dota 2 besplatna multiplayer igra, sadržava tutorijale u kojima početnici mogu vježbati i postupno se upoznavati s načinom igre i njenim finesama i zakonitostima kroz igru protiv botova, prije nego što se igrač upusti u sukob s drugim igračima na karti.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Službene stranice

Videoigre
Videoigre za Windows
Videoigre za Linux
Videoigre iz 2013.

Dota 2


An Lagenocarpus polyphyllus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze. An Lagenocarpus polyphyllus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lagenocarpus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lagenocarpus

Lagenocarpus polyphyllus


A Fase Final da Liga Europa da UEFA de 2021–22 foi disputada entre 15 de fevereiro até 18 de maio de 2022 com a final no Estádio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, na cidade de Sevilha, Espanha. Um total de 16 equipes disputam esta fase.

Para as partidas até 27 de março de 2022 (oitavas de final) o horário seguido é o fuso horário UTC+1. Já para as fases seguintes o horário seguido é o fuso horário UTC+2.

Calendário
O calendário é o seguinte (todos os sorteios são realizados na sede da UEFA em Nyon, Suíça).

Formato
Cada eliminatória, exceto a final, foi disputada em partidas de ida e volta. A equipe que marcar mais gols no total nas duas partidas avança para a próxima fase. Se o placar agregado estiver empatado, então a prorrogação é disputada – nessa edição, a regra do gol fora de casa foi abolida. Se nenhum gol for marcado durante a prorrogação para desempatar o placar agregado, os vencedores serão decididos por disputa por pênaltis. Na final, que será disputada em uma única partida, se o placar estiver empatado ao final do tempo normal, a prorrogação é disputada, seguida de uma disputa de pênaltis se o placar ainda estiver empatado.

Equipes classificadas

Oitavas de final

O sorteio das oitavas de final foi realizado em 13 de dezembro de 2021. O sorteio teve várias irregularidades: o Manchester United foi incluído por engano no sorteio do adversário do Villarreal (ambos estavam no Grupo F), e posteriormente foi selecionado; outra bola foi então sorteada, com o Manchester City escolhido em seu lugar. Na eliminatória seguinte, o Liverpool foi incluído por engano no sorteio do adversário do Atlético de Madrid (ambos do Grupo B), enquanto o Manchester United foi erroneamente excluído. Mais tarde naquele dia, a UEFA anulou o sorteio original devido a um "problema técnico" com o computador de sorteio, e foi totalmente refeito. As partidas de ida serão disputadas em 15, 16, 22 e 23 de fevereiro, e as partidas de volta em 8, 9, 15 e 16 de março de 2022.

|}

Partidas de ida

Partidas de volta

Bayern de Munique venceu por 8–2 no placar agregado.

Liverpool venceu por 2–1 no placar agregado.

Manchester City venceu por 5–0 no placar agregado.

Real Madrid venceu por 3–2 no placar agregado.

Benfica venceu por 2–1 no placar agregado.

Atlético de Madrid venceu por 2–1 no placar agregado.

Chelsea venceu por 4–1 no placar agregado.

Villarreal venceu por 4–1 no placar agregado.

Quartas de final

O sorteio para as quartas de final foi realizado em 18 de março de 2022. As partidas de ida serão disputadas em 5 e 6 de abril, e as partidas de volta em 12 e 13 de abril de 2022.

|}

Partidas de ida

Partidas de volta

Villarreal venceu por 2–1 no placar agregado.

Real Madrid venceu por 5–4 no placar agregado.

Liverpool venceu por 6–4 no placar agregado.

Manchester City venceu por 1–0 no placar agregado.

Semifinais

O sorteio das semifinais foi realizado em 18 de março de 2022, após o sorteio das quartas de final. As partidas de ida foram disputadas em 26 e 27 de abril, e as partidas de volta em 3 e 4 de maio de 2022.

|}

Partidas de ida

Partidas de volta

Liverpool venceu por 5–2 no placar agregado.

Real Madrid venceu por 6–5 no placar agregado.

Final

A final foi disputada em 18 de maio de 2022, no Estádio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, em Sevilha. Um sorteio foi realizado em 18 de março de 2022, após os sorteios das quartas e das semifinais, para determinar o time "da casa" para fins administrativos.

Liga Europa da UEFA de 2021–22
Eventos esportivos afetados pela invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia em 2022

Liga Europa da UEFA de 2021–22 – Fase Final


Eifel, Almanya, Lüksemburg ve Belçika'ya yayılan dağlık bölge. Eifel, Ren Schiefer Sıradağları'nın doğal uzantısı kabul edilmektedir. En yüksek noktasını 747 metre ile Hohe Acht meydana getirir.

Eifel


Argynnis ist eine Gattung der Edelfalter (Tagfalter), die zu der Ordnung der Schmetterlinge gehört.

Merkmale
Die Flügel der Gattung Argynnis sind gezähnt, die Flügelfarbe ist bei den meisten Arten oberseits orange- bis rostrot und mit dunklen Adern versehen. Entlang einiger dieser Adern verlaufen mehr oder weniger deutlich sichtbare schwarze Duftschuppenstreifen. Dazwischen erstrecken sich verschiedenförmige schwarze Flecken. Diese Musterung kann zur Unterscheidung der Arten herangezogen werden. Die Unterseite der Flügel zeigt perlmuttfarbene Flecken, die der gesamten Gattung ursprünglich den Namen Perlmuttfalter gaben. Inzwischen wurde die Gruppe in mehrere Gattungen aufgespalten, so dass die Tribus Argynnini mit derzeit sechs Gattungen als Perlmuttfalter bezeichnet wird. Einige Arten weisen unterseits silbrig-weiße Streifen auf, die ebenfalls der Artunterscheidung dienen können. Es gibt, was die Flügelzeichnung betrifft, bei allen Arten einen erkennbaren Geschlechtsdimorphismus.

Die beiden Taster, die zu den Mundwerkzeugen gehören, sind dreigliedrig. Das zweite Tasterglied ist vorne verbreitert, etwas zusammengedrückt und behaart, das dritte Glied ist spitz. Die Fühler enden in einem Knöpfchen.

Eier, Raupen und Puppen
Die Eier sind konisch zugespitzt und gerippt. Die Raupen besitzen, wie die der meisten Edelfalter, auf dem Hals zwei längere Dornen, dahinter verlaufen sechs Reihen ästiger Dornen. Auf dem Rücken verläuft ein breiter Streif, der meist durch eine dunklere Linie geteilt wird. Seitlich befinden sich meist ebenfalls Streifen oder Flecken auf jedem Ring. Die Puppen sind Stürzpuppen, d. h., sie hängen nach unten. Sie sind mit goldgelben Dornen bzw. Goldflecken besetzt.

Vorkommen
Die Gattung Argynnis wird in die eurasischen Untergattungen und die ausschließlich in Nordamerika beheimateten Vertreter der Untergattung Speyeria eingeteilt. Erstere kommen weit verbreitet in ganz Europa und Asien sowie in Nordafrika und Australien vor, letztere nur in den USA und Kanada.

Die eurasischen Arten sind typische Waldschmetterlinge, treten aber auch in Landschaften und Gärten in der Nähe von Wäldern auf.

Lebensweise
In warmen Gegenden Europas und Asiens schlüpfen die Raupen schon im März aus den Eiern. Die Falter können schon im Juni angetroffen werden. In kälteren Jahren bzw. in entsprechend weniger warmen Gegenden fliegen die Falter erst im Juli. Die Arten überwintern ausschließlich im Ei. Pro Jahr gibt es nur eine Generation.

Als Futterpflanzen dienen den Raupen hauptsächlich Veilchen-Arten, darunter das Wilde Stiefmütterchen, das Hundsveilchen und das Duftveilchen.

Systematik und Taxonomie
Die Gattung Argynnis wurde von Johann Christian Fabricius in seinem 1807 erschienenen Werk Systema Glossatorum beschrieben. Im 6. Band von  Karl Illigers Magazin für Insektenkunde wurden die damals neuen Gattungen schon vor Erscheinen von Fabricius' Werk auf Deutsch vorgestellt. Die Typusart der Gattung ist der 1758 von Fabricius' Lehrer Carl von Linné als Papilio paphia beschriebene Kaisermantel (Argynnis paphia). Innerhalb der Tribus Argynnini (Perlmuttfalter), zu der sechs bis sieben Gattungen zählen, ist Argynnis am nächsten mit der Gattung Brenthis verwandt.

Liste der Arten
Derzeit sind etwa 39 verschiedene Arten der Gattung bekannt, die hier unter ihrer lateinischen Bezeichnung alphabetisch geordnet sind. Dahinter stehend die deutsche Bezeichnung, soweit eine vorhanden ist.

Untergattung Speyeria
Die Gattung Speyeria wurde synonymisiert und bildet jetzt eine Untergattung innerhalb der Gattung Argynnis. Diese Arten sind in Nordamerika beheimatet.
 Speyeria adiaste (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
 Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius, 1787)
 Speyeria atlantis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
 Speyeria callippe (Boisduval, 1852)
 Speyeria carolae (dos Passos & Grey, 1942)
 Speyeria clara (Blanchard, 1844)
 Speyeria coronis (Behr, 1864)
 Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)
 Speyeria edwardsii (Reakirt, 1866)
 Speyeria egleis (Behr, 1863)
 Speyeria hesperis (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
 Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869)
 Speyeria idalia (Drury, 1773)
 Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869)
 Speyeria nokomis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
 Speyeria zerene (Boisduval, 1852)

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 D. Carter: Sommerfugler fra hele verden. Teknologisk Forlag, 1994 ISBN 82-512-0438-0
 C. U. Eliasson, N. Ryrholm, M. Holmer, K. Jilg & U. Gärdenfors: Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Fjärilar: Dagfjärilar. Hesperiidae – Nymphalidae. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala 2005 ISBN 91-88506-51-7
 Leif Aarvik, Kai Berggren, Lars Ove Hansen: Norges Sommerfugler. Catalogus Lepidopterorum  Norwegiae. Norsk entomologisk forening, Naturhistorisk Museum, Oslo 2009 ISBN 82-995095-1-3
 Leif Aarvik, Lars Ove Hansen, Vladimir Kononenko: Norges Sommerfugler. Håndbok over Norges dagsommerfugler og nattsvermere. Norsk entomologisk forening, Naturhistorisk Museum, Oslo 2009 ISBN 978-82-996923-2-8
 Thomas J. Simonsen, Niklas Wahlberg, Andrew V. Z. Brower & Rienk de Jong: Morphology, molecules and fritillaries: approaching a stable phylogeny for Argynnini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 37, 4, S. 405–418, Kopenhagen, Dezember, 2006.

Weblinks

 Argynnis paphia (Kaisermantel) auf schmetterling-raupe.de (deutsch)
 Thomas Simonsen, Niklas Wahlberg, und Andrew V. Z. Brower: Argynnini bei Tree of Life web project, Version v. 20. März 2011 (abgerufen am 15. Juni 2012)
 Argynnis paphia Schwedische Schmetterlinge, mit Bildergalerie auf www2.nrm.se (schwedisch)
 Norwegens Schmetterlinge auf nhm.uio.no (norwegisch)
 Argynnis Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Suchliste mit Schmetterlingsarten – Argynnis, Hentet 3. Januar 2012 auf nic.funet.fi (englisch und finnisch)
 Argynnis auf zooex.baikal.ru (russisch)

Edelfalter
Nymphalidae

Argynnis


Vlasta Markasović (Vinkovci, 27. travnja 1963.), hrvatska književnica.

Životopis
Rođena je u Vinkovcima 1963. godine gdje je stekla gimnazijsko obrazovanje. 1988. godine diplomirala je hrvatski jezik i knjževnost na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, a 2014. godine doktorirala je na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Osijeku s disertacijom "Korpusno i poetičko pozicioniranje književnoga stvaralaštva Vanje Radauša". Bavi se književnim i znanstvenim radom s naglaskom na govor i običaje Slavonije i Šokadije. Članica je udruge Vinkovački šokački rodovi osnovane s ciljem očuvanja i promicanja šokačkog kulturnog, povijesnog i etničkog identiteta Vinkovaca i vinkovačkog kraja, te je dugogodišnji urednik glasila Kolivka.
Članke objavila u Kolu, Republici, Književnoj republici, Riječi, Godišnjaku OMH Vinkovci, Hrvatskom slovu i dr.

Djela

Zbirke pjesama
Zbirke:
Spaljeni kobilaš (1997.)

Dukatići (2005.)

Sakrita rič (2013.)

Publicistika
Osnovna glazbena škola Josipa Runjanina Vinkovci, 1948. – 1998. (1998.)

Rukopis ravnice (2011.)

Miroslav S. Mađer i kritika (2013.)

Izvori

Hrvatski književnici
Hrvatski pjesnici
Hrvatski publicisti
Životopisi, Vinkovci

Vlasta Markasović


Sisemundo fue un eclesiástico español, obispo de Sigüenza a mediados del .

Las únicas noticias históricas acerca de su existencia proceden de una carta que el sacerdote Eulogio de Córdoba, después arzobispo de Toledo, dirigió al obispo de Pamplona Wilesindo, relatando su paso por Sigüenza en su viaje de regreso desde Francia, en el que menciona a Sisemundo como "varón prudentísimo".

Referencias

Obispos de Sigüenza
Obispos de España del siglo IX

Sisemundo


Prvenstva SR Hrvatske u rukometu za uzrast "omladinki" (do 18 godina, danas "juniorke") su igrana igrana od 1965. do 1991. godine. Organizirao ih je "Rukometni savez Hrvatske".

O natjecanju
Prvenstva su igran kao turniri s pozvanim momčadima, ili nakon kvalifikacija, ili odigravanja regionalnih i lokalnih liga. Uz omladinske selekcije klubova, na natjecanju su povremeno sudjelovale i omladinske selekcije gradova, lokalnih saveza ili škola. Od 1972. godine je prvenstvo SR Hrvatske bilo kvalifikacijsko za prvenstvo Jugoslavije za omladinke.

Pregled prvenstava

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Popis prvaka Hrvatske u rukometu za žene
 Prvenstvo SR Hrvatske u rukometu za mlađe omladinke
 Prvenstvo SR Hrvatske u rukometu za pionirke

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 Marijan Flander i dr: Razvoj rukometa u Hrvatskoj : od prvih početaka do 1985. godine, Zagreb, 1986., UDK: 796.322(497.13)(091), str. 303-306

Hrvatska rukometna natjecanja
Jugoslavenska rukometna natjecanja

Prvenstvo SR Hrvatske u rukometu za omladinke


Martin Andreas Stadler (* 1973 in München) ist ein deutscher Ägyptologe.

Martin Stadler legte 1992 das Abitur in München ab. 1993/94 studierte er Architektur an der Technischen Universität München. Von 1994 bis 1997 studierte er an der Universität Würzburg Ägyptologie im Hauptfach sowie Klassische Archäologie und Geschichte im Nebenfach. 1997/98 studierte er als Stipendiat der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes Ägyptologie an der University of Oxford und erhielt dort 1998 den Master of Studies in Oriental Studies (Egyptology). Stadler absolvierte von 1999 bis 2002 ein Promotionsstudium in Ägyptologie (Hauptfach), Klassische Archäologie (Nebenfach), Geschichte (Nebenfach) an der Universität Würzburg, machte dort 2001 den Magister, wurde 2002 promoviert und war anschließend bis 2006 wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Lehrstuhl für Ägyptologie der Universität Würzburg, 2006 wurde er dort Akademischer Rat auf Zeit.

Im Jahr 2007 erfolgte die Habilitation im Fach Ägyptologie und die Ernennung zum Akademischen Rat im Beamtenverhältnis auf Lebenszeit. 2009 wurde er von der Universität Würzburg mit dem Röntgenpreis ausgezeichnet, der an herausragende Nachwuchswissenschaftler vergeben wird. Im Wintersemester 2009/10 hatte er eine Lehrstuhlvertretung für Ägyptologie an der Universität Tübingen inne. 2011 wurde Stadler zum Heisenberg-Professor für altägyptische Kulturgeschichte in ptolemäisch-römischer Zeit und damit zum Lehrstuhlinhaber für Ägyptologie an der Universität Würzburg ernannt.

Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind die ägyptische Religion, religiöse Traditionen, die ägyptische Funerärkunst, die Demotistik und die demotische Literatur. 2009 wurde ihm von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für drei Jahre die Summe von 300.000 Euro für die Erforschung des Tempels von Dime bewilligt. Das Projekt trat Ende 2013 in die zweite Phase mit einer weiteren DFG-Finanzierung von rund 300.000 Euro ein. Er wurde 2018 zum korrespondierenden Mitglied des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts gewählt.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Weiser und Wesir. Studien zu Vorkommen, Rolle und Wesen des Gottes Thot im ägyptischen Totenbuch (= Orientalische Religionen in der Antike. Bd. 1).  Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-16-149854-1 (Zugleich: Würzburg, Universität, Habilitations-Schrift, 2007).
 (Bearb.): Der Totenpapyrus des Pa-Month (P. Bibl. nat. 149) (= Studien zum altägyptischen Totenbuch. Bd. 6). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-447-04651-1.
 Das Soknopaiosritual. Texte zum Täglichen Ritual im Tempel des Soknopaios zu Dimê (SPR). De Gruyter, Berlin 2022, ISBN 978-3-11-047055-0.

Weblinks

 Seite von Stadler an der Universität Würzburg
 Martin Andreas Stadler auf Academia.edu
 Robert Emmerich: Stabsstelle Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Universität Würzburg: Heisenberg-Professur für Martin Stadler, 15. November 2011.
  Schriften von Martin Stadler in Propylaeum-DOK

Ägyptologe
Hochschullehrer (Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg)
Mitglied des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Deutscher
Geboren 1973
Mann

Martin Andreas Stadler


Pirahmet, Sinop ilinin Gerze ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında Pirahmed ya da Çeçesultan olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 54 km, Gerze ilçe merkezine 16 km uzaklıktadır. Köy yakınlarındaki Göksu-Sarıçamlık mevkiinde bir nekropol bulunur.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Gerze belde ve köyleri

Pirahmet, Gerze


An Platyrhiza quadricolor in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni João Barbosa Rodrigues. An Platyrhiza quadricolor in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platyrhiza, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Platyrhiza

Platyrhiza quadricolor


Local government in England broadly consists of three layers: civil parishes, local authorities, and regional authorities. Every part of England is governed by at least one local authority, but parish councils and regional authorities do not exist everywhere. In addition, there are 31 police and crime commissioners, four police, fire and crime commissioners, and ten national park authorities with local government responsibilities. Local government is not standardised across the country, with the last comprehensive reform taking place in 1974.

Civil parishes are the lowest tier of local government, and primarily exist in rural and smaller urban areas. The responsibilities of parish councils are limited and generally consist of providing and maintaining public spaces and facilities.

Local authorities cover the entirety of England, and are responsible for services such as education, transport, planning applications, and waste collection and disposal. In two-tier areas a non-metropolitan county council and two or more non-metropolitan district councils share responsibility for these services. In single-tier areas a unitary authority, London borough, or metropolitan borough provides all services. The City of London and Isles of Scilly have unique local authorities.

The London boroughs, metropolitan boroughs, and some unitary authorities collaborate through regional authorities. The Greater London Authority (GLA) is the regional authority for Greater London, with responsibility for transport, policing, fire and rescue, development and strategic planning. Combined authorities are statutory bodies which allow two or more local authorities to voluntarily pool responsibilities and negotiate a devolution deal with the UK Government for the area they cover, giving it powers beyond those typically held by a local authority. Ten currently exist, with more planned.

Parish councils

Parish councils form the lowest tier of local government and govern civil parishes. They may also be called a 'community council', 'neighbourhood council', 'village council', 'town council' or (if the parish holds city status) 'city council', but these names are stylistic and do not change their responsibilities. As of December 2021 there are 10,475 parishes in England, but they do not cover the whole of the country as many urban parishes were abolished in 1974.

The only specific statutory function of parish councils, which they must do, is establishing allotments. However, there are a number of other functions given by powers in the relevant legislation, which they can do, such as providing litter bins and building bus shelters. Their statutory functions are few, but they may provide other services with the agreement of the relevant local authorities, and under the Localism Act 2011 eligible parish councils can be granted a "general power of competence" (GPC) which allows them within certain limits the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it is not prohibited by other legislation, as opposed to being limited to the powers explicitly granted to them by law. To be eligible for this a parish council must meet certain conditions of quality.

Civil parishes developed in the nineteenth century and were based on the Church of England's parishes, which until then had both ecclesiastical and local government functions; parish councils were created by the Local Government Act 1894. The ecclesiastical parishes continue to exist, but neither they nor their parochial church councils have any local government role.

Local authorities

There are 317 local authorities covering the whole of England. There are five main types of local authorities: London borough councils, two-tier county and district councils, metropolitan district councils and unitary authorities. Some local authorities have borough, city or royal borough status, but this is purely stylistic.

All local authorities are made up of councillors, who represent geographical wards. There are 7,026 wards as of December 2021. Local authorities run on four year cycles and councillors may be elected all at once, by halves or by thirds; although the Electoral Commission has recommended that all authorities use whole council elections every 4 years.
Local authorities have a choice of executive arrangements under the Local Government Act 2000: mayor and cabinet executive, leader and cabinet executive, a committee system or bespoke arrangements approved by the Secretary of State. As of April 2023, just 15 local authorities have directly-elected mayors. Some functions are just the responsibility of the executive of a local authority, but local authorities must also have at least one overview and scrutiny committee to hold the executive to account.

The London Government Act 1963 established 32 London borough councils. It also established the Greater London Council, covering the whole of Greater London, but this was later abolished by the Local Government Act 1985. Greater London also includes the sui generis City of London Corporation. The other sui generis local authorities are the Council of the Isles of Scilly, Middle Temple and Inner Temple.

Outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly, the Local Government Act 1972 divided England into metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties, which would have one county council and multiple district councils each. That meant that each area would be covered by both a county council and a district council, which would share local authority functions; two tiers of local authorities. In May 2022, 21 non-metropolitan county councils and 164 non-metropolitan district councils remain. These are better known as simply county councils and district councils. The Local Government Act 1985 also abolished metropolitan county councils, but there are still 36 metropolitan district councils as of May 2022.

There are also (as of April 2023) 62 unitary authorities. These carry out the functions of both county and district councils and have replaced two-tier local government in some areas. The creation of these first became possible under the Local Government Act 1992, but now takes place under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007.

In the 2023/24 financial year, 33% of budgeted service expenditure across local government as a whole is set to be on education, 19% on adult social care, 13% on police, 11% on children's social care and 24% on all other services.

Notably, Cornwall Council has been subject to a devolution deal, which are usually reserved to combined authorities for additional functions and funding. And, like some combined authorities and parish councils, local authorities do have a general power of competence. Separate to combined authorities, two or more local authorities can also work together through joint boards (for legally-required services: fire, public transport and waste disposal), joint committees (voluntarily) or through contracting out and agency arrangements.

Regional government

Greater London Authority

The Greater London Authority Act 1999 established a Mayor of London and 25-member London Assembly. The first mayoral and assembly elections took place in 2000. The former Leader of the Greater London Council, Ken Livingstone, served as the inaugural Mayor, until he was defeated by future Prime Minister Boris Johnson in 2008. The incumbent, Sadiq Khan, was first elected in 2016.

The Mayor's functions include chairing Transport for London, holding the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and London Fire Commissioner to account and keeping strategies up to date, including the London Plan. Meanwhile, it is the Assembly's role to regularly hold the Mayor and their key advisers to account and it can also amend the budget or a strategy by a two-thirds majority, though this has not ever happened as of March 2022.

Combined authorities

Combined authorities can be created at the request of two or more local authorities. Combined authorities don't replace the local authorities in question, but can receive separate functions and funding. As of May 2022, there are 10 combined authorities covering some of England. The Secretary of State was first granted the power to create combined authorities by the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009.

The Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 gave the Secretary of State the power to provide for a directly-elected combined authority mayor. And, as of May 2022, nine out of the 10 combined authorities have mayors, including Andy Burnham in Greater Manchester and Andy Street in the West Midlands.

Each combined authority's executive consists of a representative from each of its constituent local authorities, plus (if applicable) the mayor. Functions can be devolved directly to the mayor, to the combined authority as a whole, or have a different decision-making requirement. The budget and functions of each combined authority can be vastly different, but possible functions include responsibility for the relevant police force and/or fire brigade, bus franchising and spatial strategy.

Table of authority types

Funding
In England, local authorities have three main sources of funding: UK Government grants, council tax and business rates. In the financial year 2019/20, local authorities received 22% of their funding from grants, 52% from council tax and 27% from retained business rates. In the financial year 2023/24, 51% of revenue expenditure is expected to come from UK Government grants, 31% from council tax and 15% from retained business rates.

Local government can also receive some money from fees and charges for the use of services, returns and interest from investments, commercial income, fixed penalty notices and capital receipts. Local authorities cannot borrow money to finance day-to-day spending and so must rely on yearly income or reserves for this type of expenditure, although they can borrow to fund capital expenditure.

Local government in England as a whole has limited revenue-raising powers compared to other G7 countries.

UK Government grants
In the 20th century, local authorities found that the costs of providing services exceeded the revenues raised from local taxes and so grants from the UK Government (specifically the Treasury) gradually increased. However, UK Government grants were cut by 40% in real terms between the financial years 2009/10 and 2019/20, although grant income did grow due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Local government receives two types of grants: the Revenue Support Grant, which can be spent on any service according to the wishes of the local government body in question, and specific grants, which are usually 'ring fenced' to specifically defined service areas.

Council tax

Council tax was introduced in 1993 to replace the 'poll tax'. It is a domestic property tax, based on eight bands (A to H) depending on the value of the property on 1 April 1991. Various discounts are set out in law and exist at the discretion of billing authorities.

On a yearly basis, local government bodies review and consider whether to increase or decrease the level of council tax to fund their spending plans. The level at which a local authority can increase council tax each year without holding a local referendum is regulated by the Localism Act 2011. In every area, one local authority acts as the billing authority (the district council in two-tier areas), which prepares and collects council tax bills. Other parts of local government (like county councils in two-tier areas, police and crime commissioners, fire authorities, parish councils and combined authorities) act as precepting authorities, which notify the relevant billing authority of their decision on council tax and later receive this money from the billing authority.

Between financial years 2009/10 and 2021/22, council tax rates increased by 30% in real terms, in light of reduced grants from the UK Government.

Business rates

Business rates is a tax on business premises. It is based on the rateable value of the premises (set by the Valuation Office Agency) and a business rate multiplier. It is set and collected by billing authorities.

Reforms in 2013 now mean that local authorities keep 50% of business rate revenues raised locally. The UK Government then distributes the remaining 50% of business rate revenues according to its own judgement. It was initially planned to increase the proportion of business rates that local authorities retain to 100%, but this was indefinitely delayed in 2021.

Criticisms
In 2022, the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee said that it had "significant concerns about the current governance arrangements for England":If the people within government are unsure at times where powers and responsibility, and hence accountability, rest, this lack of clarity is magnified for individuals who have little knowledge or experience of the structures. This has the potential to leave individuals less likely to be able to access what they need from government, leaving them often unable to know who is responsible, and as a result are not properly able to hold their democratic representatives to account.

The Committee also said that "[t]he evidence is clear both practically and democratically that the overly centralised arrangements of government in England are problematic" and that reform was also needed of funding structures.

See also
 List of local governments in the United Kingdom
 Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
 Local government in Northern Ireland
 Local government in Scotland
 Local government in Wales

References

eo:Loka regado kaj administrado en Britio

Local government in England


İngiliz Oda Orkestrası (English Chamber Orchestra - ECO) dünyanın önde gelen oda orkestralarından biridir. 44 yıllık tarihinde başka hiçbir orkestraya nasip olmayan sayıda farklı ülkede konser vermiş, 1.200'ün üzerinde kayıt gerçekleştirmiş ve Daniel Barenboim, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Isaac Stern, Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo ve Mstislav Rostropovich gibi sanatçılar dahil olmak üzere dünyanın en büyük solo sanatçılarıyla çalmıştır.

Orkestra, Londra'daki Queen Elizabeth Hall'un açılışında, destekçisi Galler Prensinin St. Paul's Katedralindeki düğününde ve yine Galler Prensinin Doğum Günü Galası Konserinde de çalmıştır.

ECO, yeni yetenekler yetiştirerek, "en iyi İngiliz" müziği ve müzisyenleri üzerinde odaklanarak ve dünyanın en önemli solo sanatçılarının birçoğunun tercih ettiği oda orkestrası olmayı sürdürerek en yüksek uluslararası müzik standartlarını koruma geleneğini korumayı ve geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Orkestranın ilk destekçisi Benjamin Britten 1976 yılında ölümüne kadar ECO üzerinde müthiş bir müzikal etki yaratmıştır. ECO ayrıca, Daniel Barenboim'la uzun süre çalışmıştır. Bu ilişkiden doğan en önemli çalışmalar arasında Mozart Piyano Konçertolarının tamamının çalınması ve kaydedilmesi bulunmaktadır (EMI). 1980'li yıllarda Jeffrey Tate, ECO'nun ilk Baş Orkestra Şefi olarak atanmış (onu 2000 yılında Ralf Gothoni izlemiştir) ve bu dönemde Mozart Senfonilerinin tamamının ve geç dönem Haydn Senfonilerinin ve bütün Mozart Piyano Konçertolarının ikişer ayrı kaydı gerçekleştirilmiştir (kayıtlar Murray Perahia ile CBS için ve Mitsuko Uchida ile Phillips için gerçekleştirilmiştir). 1990'lı yıllarda Londra'daki Barbican Centre'da 21 konserlik muazzam bir konser dizisi (Mozart 200 Kutlaması) gerçekleştirilmiş ve 1770 ile 1791 yılları arasındaki Mozart'ın belli başlı yapıtlarını (kronolojik sırayla) çalmıştır.

Orkestra, az sayıda oda orkestrasıyla birlikte önemli müzisyenleri kendisine çekmektedir. 2000 yılında gerçekleştirilen 40. Yıldönümü kutlamalarından bu yana Radu Lupu, Itzhak Perlman, Sarah Chang ve Maxim Vengerov gibi sanatçılarla dünya turuna çıkmıştır

ECO, müziği İngiltere'deki ve Avrupa ülkelerindeki insanlara ve okullara taşıyan Close Encounters isimli bir hayır programı da sürdürmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Home page

İngiltere'deki orkestralar
Klasik Batı müziği
Londra'da kültür
1948'de kurulan müzik grupları

İngiliz Oda Orkestrası


Alexander Punch Hyde-White (* 30. Januar 1959 in London, England) ist ein britischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Alexander Punch Hyde-White wurde als Sohn der Theaterschauspielerin Ethel M., geborene Korenmann, und des Schauspielers Wilfrid Hyde-White in London geboren. Er wuchs in Palm Springs, Kalifornien auf und studierte, nachdem er die Palm Springs High School besuchte, an der Georgetown University. Allerdings verließ er diese nach einem Jahr wieder, um sich auf seine Schauspielkarriere zu konzentrieren.

Seinen ersten Schauspielvertrag erhielt er mit 18 Jahren von Universal Pictures. Anschließend spielte er in mehrere Serien Figuren, die lediglich in einer Episode auftraten. So war sein erster Einsatz in der Erfolgsserie Quincy. Sein Vater stand ebenfalls dort unter Vertrag. Allerdings traten sie erst 1980 in der "Merv Griffin Show" vor der Kamera.

Hyde-White war in erster Ehe mit der Schauspielerin Karen Dotrice, der Tochter von Roy Dotrice, verheiratet. Mit ihr war er von 1986 bis 1992 verheiratet und hat ein gemeinsames Kind. Seit 1997 ist er mit Shelly Bovert Hyde-White, mit der er ebenfalls ein gemeinsames Kind hat, verheiratet.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1978: Kampfstern Galactica (Battlestar Galactica, Fernsehserie, Episoden 1x08-09)
 1978–1981: Quincy (Quincy M.E., Fernsehserie, drei Folgen)
 1981: Buck Rogers (Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Fernsehserie, vier Folgen)
 1982: Der Spielgefährte (The Toy)
 1986: Der Biggels-Effekt (Biggles: Adventures in Time)
 1987: Ishtar
 1987: Schatten in der Dunkelheit (Echoes in the Darkness)
 1988: Flugzeugträger U.S.S. Georgetown (Supercarrier, Fernsehserie, neun Folgen)
 1989: Time Trackers
 1989: Das Phantom der Oper (Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera)
 1989: Indiana Jones und der letzte Kreuzzug (Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade)
 1989: Kinjite – Tödliches Tabu (Kinjite – Forbidden Subjects)
 1990: Der Harte und der Zarte (Loose Cannons)
 1990: Pretty Woman
 1990: Mord ist ihr Hobby (Murder, she wrote, Fernsehserie, Episode 7x22)
 1990: Mord per Nachnahme (Murder C.O.D.)
 1991: Seeschlacht vor Virginia (Ironclads)
 1993: Walker, Texas Ranger (Fernsehserie, Episode 2x17)
 1994: The Fantastic Four
 1994: Wyatt Earp – Das Leben einer Legende (Wyatt Earp)
 1995: Das Alien in dir (The Alien Within)
 1997: Diagnose: Mord (Diagnosis: Murder, Fernsehserie, Episode 5x11)
 1997: Die FBI Connection (Deep Cover)
 1998: Profiler (Fernsehserie, Episode 3x16)
 2002: Catch Me if You Can – Mein Leben auf der Flucht (Catch Me if You Can)
 2003: The Guardian – Retter mit Herz (The Guardian, Fernsehserie, Episode 3x05)
 2003: Gods and Generals
 2005: Without a Trace – Spurlos verschwunden (Without a Trace, Fernsehserie, Episode 4x03)
 2005: Arnold – Sein Weg nach oben (See Arnold Run)
 2006: Bones – Die Knochenjägerin (Bones, Fernsehserie, Episode 2x01)
 2007: Murder 101: College Can Be Murder
 2009: Navy CIS (NCIS, Fernsehserie, Episode 7x17)
 2011: Night Club
 2011: The Mentalist (Fernsehserie, Episode 4x05)
 2011: Dexter (Fernsehserie, Episode 6x09)
 2012: The Christmas Pageant
 2012: Game Change – Der Sarah-Palin-Effekt (Game Change)
 2023: Invitation to a Murder

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Brite
Geboren 1959
Mann

Alex Hyde-White


Sarat Chandra Nayak (Kerubadi, Orissa, Índia, 1 de julho de 1957) é um ministro católico romano e bispo de Berhampur.

Sarat Chandra Nayak recebeu o Sacramento da Ordem em 25 de abril de 1990.

Em 27 de novembro de 2006, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou ao Bispo de Berhampur. O Núncio Apostólico na Índia, Dom Pedro López Quintana, o ordenou bispo em 30 de janeiro de 2007; Os co-consagradores foram o Arcebispo de Bombaim, Oswald Gracias, e o Arcebispo de Cuttack-Bhubaneswar, Raphael Cheenath SVD.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Índia

Sarat Chandra Nayak


حيود النيوترونات  هو انكسار منظم لموجات النيوترونات عند تخللها البلورات. وينشأ عن ذلك الانكسار أن شعاع النيوترونات الساقط يتشتت بعد الخروج منها معطيا توزيعا منتظما يدل على البناء البلوري (المنتظم) للمادة لصلبة . وقد يكون البناء البلوري مكعبا كما في الحديد والنحاس والذهب والفضة ، أو سداسيا كما في الجرافيت .

ويستخدم حيود النيوترونات لغرض تعيين توزيع الذرات في المادة الصلبة أو تعيين البناء المغناطيسي لها إذا كانت مادة مغناطيسية.

ونعرف عن حيود موجات الأشعة السينية المسمى بحيود براج ، أن الأشعة السينية الساقطة على بلورة من اتجاه معين تنتشر طبقا لشكل منتظم بعد خروجها من البلورة. وتحدث ظاهرة الحيود عندما تقارب موجة أشعة إكس المسافات بين الذرات في المادة.

شروط حدوث الحيود

يحدث حيود النيوترونات عندما يكون طول موجة النيوترونات مماثلا لأبعاد الذرات في البلورة ، حيث تنعكس الموجات من طبقات مشغولة بالذرات ، وتتداخل تداخلا بناء طبقا لقانون براج.
ففي البلورة تنعكس الموجات الساقطة على عدة طبقات تنفصل عن بعضها بنفس المسافة d كما في الرسم . وعندما تتداخل الموجات المنعكسة تداخلا بناء ، يظل الطور بينهم ثابتا حيث أن مسار كل موجة يساوي عددا صحيحا n لطول الموجة λ. ويخضع فارق المسار بين موجتين تتداخلا تداخلا بناء إلى العلاقة :

  = λn

حيث θ هي زاوية الانعكاس .

اقرأ أيضا
 مقطع نووي
 حيود براج
 حيود الإلكترونات
 مثنوية جسيم-موجة
 قانون براج
 تداخل
 حيود

مراجع

تشتت النيوترون
حيود
فيزياء الجسيمات

حيود النيوترونات


Fiódorovskaya  es una stanitsa del raión de Abinsk del krai de Krasnodar en el sur de Rusia. Está situada en la orilla izquierda del río Kubán, 34 km al nordeste de Abinsk y 44 km al oeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 2 081 habitantes en 2010.

Es cabeza del municipio Fiódorovskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Vasilevski, Yekaterínovski, Kosóvichi, Pokrovski y Sverdlovski.

Historia

La localidad fue fundada en 1894. Ese mismo año se formó con centro en la stanitsa un volost del óblast de Kubán, con el nombre Koleno. Su nombre cambió en homenaje a Fiódor Ilich Korovianski, que donó una suma importante de dinero para la construcción del asentamiento y su iglesia.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Фёдоровская (Краснодарский край).
 Sitio web del municipio .

Localidades del raión de Abinsk del krai de Krasnodar
Localidades establecidas en 1894

Fiódorovskaya (Krasnodar)


Saint Omer é um longa-metragem de drama jurídico francês dirigido por Alice Diop estrelado por Kayije Kagame e Guslagie Malanda. É o primeiro longa narrativo de Diop após trabalhar como documentarista. No filme, Rama (Kagame) é uma jovem romancista grávida que assiste ao julgamento de Laurence Coly (Malanda), uma mulher senegalesa acusada de assassinar seu filho de 15 meses, deixando-o em uma praia para ser arrastado pela maré, a fim de transformar o trágico evento em uma releitura literária de Medeia. É baseado no processo judicial francês de 2016 de Fabienne Kabou, que foi condenado pelo mesmo crime. Diop compareceu ao julgamento de Kabou.

O filme estreou em competição no 79º Festival Internacional de Cinema de Veneza em 7 de setembro de 2022, onde venceu o Grande Prêmio do Júri junto ao prêmio Luigi De Laurentiis Lion of the Future. Exibições adicionais foram realizadas no Festival Internacional de Cinema de Toronto e no Festival de Cinema de Nova York, ambos de 2022 antes do lançamento nos cinemas na França em 23 de novembro de 2022. Selecionado como representante francês na categoria de melhor filme estrangeiro na 95.ª Edição do Oscar, classificou-se na lista preliminar em dezembro de 2022. A lista com os cinco indicados finais está prevista para 24 de janeiro de 2023.

Enredo
Saint Omer. Tribunal de Justiça. Rama, uma jovem escritora acompanha o julgamento de Laurence Coly acusada de matar a própria filha de 15 meses ao abandoná-la à maré alta em uma praia no norte da França. As palavras do acusado e os depoimentos das testemunhas, a medida em que o julgamento prossegue, terão um impacto sobre Rama e suas próprias convicções .

Elenco

 Kayije Kagame como Rama
 Guslagie Malanga como Laurence Coly
 Valérie Dréville como a juíza
 Aurélia Petit como advogado de defesa Vaudenay
 Xavier Maly como Luc Dumontet, Coly's partner
 Robert Canterella como Advogada
 Salimata Kamate como Odile Diata
 Thomas de Pourquery como Adrian
 Salih Sigirci como Salih
 Fatih Sahin como Fatih
 Atillahan Karagedik como Jackson
 Ege Güner como Ege Güner
 Mustili como Mustafa
 Lionel Top como Jornalista

Produção
Saint Omer é baseado no processo judicial de 2016 de Fabienne Kabou, que foi condenada pelo assassinato de sua filha em 2013, da mesma forma que Coly. Diop acompanhou o caso e imediatamente reconheceu as características de Kabou nas imagens do noticiário como sendo senegalês, que é herança da família de Diop. Diop compareceu ao julgamento e ficou "obcecada" com o caso, observando que a maioria dos presentes e participantes do julgamento também eram mulheres. Diop elaborou que ela "queria encontrar respostas para minhas próprias perguntas íntimas que eu me fazia sobre meu relacionamento com minha própria mãe e ser mãe. E decidi que, como compartilhava essas mesmas emoções com tantas mulheres, se fôssemos todos tão obcecados com aquele acontecimento, significava que havia algo de universal na história, que tinha a ver com a maternidade. Então resolvi fazer um filme sobre isso." Como Rama, Diop estava grávida de seu primeiro filho enquanto comparecia ao julgamento. Diop disse que compareceu ao julgamento por "intuição" e não decidiu fazer um filme sobre isso até o final do julgamento. Tendo feito apenas documentários, Diop fez sua estreia no cinema narrativo porque as câmeras não eram permitidas no tribunal e ela "queria recriar minha experiência de ouvir a história de outra mulher enquanto me interrogava, enfrentando minhas próprias verdades difíceis".

As transcrições do tribunal foram parcialmente usadas para escrever o roteiro. Enquanto escrevia o roteiro, Diop conheceu as atrizes Kayije Kagame e Guslagie Malanga. Ela ficou imediatamente impressionada com as duas mulheres e pensou nelas enquanto escrevia o roteiro. Mais tarde, ela contatou Kagame e Malanga para um teste. Diop foi influenciada pela obra de Marguerite Duras, sobre quem o personagem Rama faz uma palestra no filme. As filmagens duraram seis semanas e tanto o elenco quanto a equipe eram em sua maioria mulheres, o que "não foi totalmente deliberado, nem totalmente acidental", de acordo com Diop. As filmagens ocorreram entre maio e julho de 2021 nas regiões de Île-de-France e Hauts-de-France, inclusive na comuna de Saint-Omer.

Lançamento
Saint Omer foi inicialmente considerado ao Festival de Cinema de Cannes de 2022. Ele estreou no 79º Festival Internacional de Cinema de Veneza em 7 de setembro de 2022, onde venceu o Grande Prêmio do Júri junto ao prêmio Luigi De Laurentiis Lion of the Future.

Recepção

Resposta da Crítica
No Rotten Tomatoes, o filme detém uma taxa de aprovação de 98% com base em 44 críticas, com uma classificação média de 8,1/10. O consenso do site diz: "Uma contemplação comovente da experiência de uma mulher imigrante, Saint Omer coloca uma mãe no estande e o público na caixa do júri para encontrar a humanidade no desumano". De acordo com o Metacritic, que atribuiu uma pontuação média ponderada de 93 em 100 com base em 12 críticos, o filme recebeu "aclamação universal". Manohla Dargis, do New York Times, chamou-a de "Intelectualmente estimulante e emocionalmente angustiante, a história explora a maternidade, a raça e a França pós-colonial com controle, lucidez e compaixão".

Prêmios e Indicações

Ver também

 Lista de inscrições ao Oscar 2023 de melhor filme internacional

 Oscar de melhor filme internacional

Ligações externas

 Saint Omer no AlloCiné
 Saint Omer na página da edição do Toronto International Film Festival de 2022.
 Saint Omer na página da 79º edição do Venice International Film Festival
 Saint Omer na página do Wild Bunch Inbternational
 Saint Omer na página da Les films du losange.
 Saint Omer na página da SRAB Films

Filmes de drama da França
Vencedores do Grande Prêmio do Júri (Festival de Veneza)
Filmes da França de 2022

Saint Omer (filme)


عبد اللطيف يوسف صالح عبد العزيز الدعيج، كاتب كويتي يكتب في جريدة القبس.

دراسته ونشأته

درس في مدرسة خالد بن الوليد والمدرسة المباركية وثانوية الشويخ، أنهى دراستة الثانوية بنظام تعليم المنازل.

عمله الصحافي

بدأ الكتابة الإسبوعية مع أحمد الديين في جريدة المعلم في عام 1970 وحتى 1971، وفي عام 1971 التحق بجريدة السياسة، وأصبح نائبا للتحرير فيها في عام 1972، وكان الصحافي الكويتي الوحيد المتفرغ بعد حل مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1975 في عام 1976، وقد رفض تكمله العمل في ظل الرقابة، عاد إلى الكتابة مرة أخرى بعد حرب الخليج الثانية مع جريدة القبس في يونيو 1991 بعد انقطاع دام 15 سنة.

في 8 أكتوبر 2003 منح جائزة صاحب أفضل عامود صحافي عربي في المطبوعات اليومية والأسبوعية العربية من منظموا جائزة الصحافة العربية.

عمله السياسي

شارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981 في الدائرة الحادية عشر، وحصل على المركز السادس في الانتخابات برصيد 87 صوت وخسر الانتخابات.

هجرته إلى الولايات المتحدة

بعد فشله في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981 قرر الهجرة إلى فرنسا، وظل فيها حتى 1990 عندما كان في الكويت للزيارة وحدث عندها الغزو العراقي للكويت ليظل في الكويت ويقوم بإصدار جريدة اسمها الدستور مشاركة مع مبارك العدواني وعلي الكندري، وفي عام 1996 هاجر إلى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.

أبنائه

 راكان

المراجع

حائزون على جائزة الصحافة العربية
خريجو المدرسة المباركية
صحفيون كويتيون
مهاجرون كويتيون إلى الولايات المتحدة

عبد اللطيف الدعيج


La  est l'une des cinq circonscriptions législatives que compte la préfecture de Tochigi au Japon. Cette circonscription comptait  électeurs en date du .

Description géographique

La deuxième circonscription de la préfecture de Tochigi regroupe les villes de Kanuma, Nikkō et Sakura, le nord-est d'Utsunomiya, l'extrémité nord de la ville de Tochigi et le district de Shioya.

Députés

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chambre des représentants du Japon

Circonscription législative au Japon

Deuxième circonscription de la préfecture de Tochigi


Die Swedish Open 1994 im Badminton fanden vom 11. bis zum 13. März 1994 in Lund statt.

Medaillengewinner

Weblinks
 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=1D7F9517-F854-4835-BE1D-47D2536989A2

World Badminton Grand Prix 1994
1994
Lund
Sportveranstaltung in der Gemeinde Lund

Swedish Open 1994


Gaston Méliès (* 12. Februar 1852 in Paris; † 9. April 1915 in Ajaccio auf Korsika) war ein französischer Filmproduzent und -regisseur.

Leben
Méliès wurde als Sohn eines Pariser Schuhfabrikanten geboren. Er übernahm 1888 mit seinem älteren Bruder Henri das väterliche Unternehmen, das jedoch wenige Jahre später nicht mehr konkurrenzfähig war. Mit dem Medium Film kam er durch seinen jüngeren Bruder Georges Méliès in Kontakt. Er trat gelegentlich als Darsteller in frühen Filmen seines Bruders auf, darunter in Une partie de cartes (1896), und war als Produktionsassistent für ihn tätig.

Nachdem insbesondere in den USA immer mehr illegale Kopien seiner Filme kursierten, ließ sich Georges Méliès den Namen seiner Filmgesellschaft Star Film als Geschützte Marke registrieren. Zum Schutz seiner Geschäftsinteressen in den USA schickte er Gaston nach New York, um dort ein Büro zum Verkauf der Filmkopien einzurichten und den nicht autorisierten Vertrieb zu unterbinden. Nachdem das System des Filmverleihs den Kopienverkauf ablöste, expandierte Gaston Méliès den Vertrieb 1908 in den Norden mit einer Niederlassung in Chicago. Den Filmvertrieb organisierte er über die Chicago Film Exchange von Max Lewis. Aufgrund eines Investorenbetrugs mit Lewis verlor Gaston Méliès 1909 die Edison-Vertriebslizenz für Star Film, und die G. Méliès Manufacturing Company wurde Teil der Motion Picture Patents Company. Georges Méliès' Filme konnten inzwischen stilistisch die Ansprüche des amerikanischen Marktes nicht mehr erfüllen.

Ende 1909 begann Gaston Méliès eigene Filme nach US-amerikanischem Muster zu produzieren. 1910 gründete er im texanischen Ort San Antonio ein neues Studio, die "Star Film Ranch". Unter Gaston Méliès' und William Haddocks Regie wurden mit dem Kameramann William Paley Westernfilme gedreht. Méliès trat auch in seinen Filmen The Immortal Alamo (1911) and The Kiss of Mary Jane (1911) auf. 1911 zog er mit dem Unternehmen nach Santa Paula in Kalifornien, konnte aber gegen die Konkurrenz dort nicht bestehen. 1913 reiste Méliès mit Darstellern und Technikern in die Südsee und filmte einen Monat lang auf Tahiti, wo das Geschäft mit der Filmvorführung gerade boomte. Ohne den Erfolg beim Publikum musste er die Gesellschaft Star Film in den USA noch im selben Jahr schließen. Zusammen mit seiner Frau, die er 1907 in Frankreich ehelichte, zog er im Winter 1913 nach Korsika. Er starb im April 1915 an einer Muschelvergiftung und wurde einige Tage später in Paris begraben.

Literatur
 Jacques Malthête: Biographie de Gaston Méliès. In: 1895. Revue de l'Association Française de Recherche sur l'Histoire du Cinéma. Nr. 7, 1990, , S. 85–90.
 Stephen Bottomore: Méliès, Gaston. In: Richard Abel (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Routledge, London u. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-415-77856-5, S. 418.

Weblinks

 Filmografie bei citwf.com
 The Other Méliès: An investigative report of the business affairs of Gaston Méliès between 1903-1910

Georges Méliès
Filmproduzent
Filmregisseur
Person (Stummfilm)
Franzose
Geboren 1852
Gestorben 1915
Mann

Gaston Méliès


Pernille Lyngvold Erenbjerg (født 21. august 1967) er en dansk erhvervskvinde.

Fra 2015 var hun administrerende direktør i TDC A/S efter at have afløst Carsten Dilling.
Hun blev i 2018 erstattet af Allison Kirkby.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark
TDC
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog

Pernille Erenbjerg


An Festuca polita in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Halacsy, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Nikolai Nikolaievich Tzvelev. An Festuca polita in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Festuca

Festuca polita


Wolfgang er en kortfilm instrueret af Anders Thomas Jensen efter eget manuskript.

Handling

Den midaldrende dirigent med udpræget moderbinding ser træt ud. Med god grund. Ikke alene sidder mor og troner på første række i koncertsalen, der i øvrigt ikke har andre tilhørere at byde på, men en af musikerne nægter også at spille netop denne aften. Koncerten skal begynde, og dirigenten bruger alle sine overtalelsesevner. Tilsyneladende forgæves. Trætte mænd må nemlig selv gribe lykken i livets efterår. Men mor får alligevel det sidste ord.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1997

Wolfgang


Sofiane Benchekor (en ), né en 1970, est un nageur algérien.

Biographie

Carrière
Sofiane Benchekor remporte la médaille d'or sur 200 mètres dos, la médaille d'argent sur 100 mètres dos et la médaille de bronze sur 200 mètres nage libre aux Jeux africains de 1987 à Nairobi.

Aux Jeux africains de 1991 au Caire, il conserve son titre sur 200 mètres dos et remporte la médaille d'argent du 100 mètres dos ainsi que des relais 4 x 100 mètres nage libre et 4 x 200 mètres nage libre.

Il met un terme à sa carrière sportive en 1994. Il entraîne ensuite l'ASCMO et l'équipe d'Algérie de natation.
Il est ensuite président et directeur sportif du club de natation du CSA/Bahia Nautique.

Famille
Sofiane Benchekor est l'oncle de l'escrimeuse Naïla Benchekor et le frère des nageurs Abdallah Benchekor et Yacine Benchekor.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Nageur algérien
Nageur de dos
Nageur de nage libre
Médaillé d'or aux Jeux africains
Naissance en 1970
Dirigeant sportif algérien
Entraîneur de natation
Entraîneur sportif algérien

Sofiane Benchekor


Syvmandsrugby under sommer-OL 2020 bliver afviklet på Tokyo Stadium, der ligger i Heritage zonen. Turneringen er for både herrer og damer, hver med tolv deltagende hold.

Turneringsformat

Turnering består af 12 hold for begge køn.

Den olympiske turnering

Herrer

Damer

Medaljefordeling

Medaljevindere

Medaljetabel

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/sport/olympic/rugby-sevens/
 https://www.worldrugby.org/

Syvmandsrugby under sommer-OL 2020


ماي كوراكي  ولدت في 28 أكتوبر 1982، هي مغنية و كاتبة أغاني موسيقى يابانية. إشتهرت عبر شارات بداية ونهاية المحقق كونان، وقامت بالعديد من الشارات التي لاقت نجاحا كبيراً، مثل Secret of my heart و Revive و growing of my heart.

ألبوماتها
 2000: دلشس وي (الطريق الشهي).
 2001: الجريمة المثالية.
 2002: فيري تيل.
 2004: إف آي بيليف.
 2005: فيوز أوف لوف.
 2006: دياموند ويف.
 2008: ون لايف.
 2009: توك مي!
 2010:فيوتشر كس

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 موقع مي كوراكي الرسمي.

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من فوناباشي (تشيبا)
أشخاص من فوناباشي
خريجو جامعة ريتسوميكان
كتاب أغان يابانيون
مؤلفو أغاني يابانيون
مغنو ريذم أند بلوز يابانيون
مغنون ومغنيات وكتاب أغان يابانيون
مغنون يابانيون باللغة الإنجليزية
مغنون يابانيون في القرن 20
مغنون يابانيون في القرن 21
مغنيات بوب يابانيات
مغنيات وكاتبات أغان يابانيات
مغنيات يابانيات في القرن 20
مغنيات يابانيات في القرن 21
منتتجات تسجيلات يابانيات
مواليد 1982
مواليد في فوناباشي (تشيبا)
موسيقيون من تشيبا
مغنون من محافظة تشيبا

ماي كوراكي


Altınboğa, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Andırın ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Adana'nın Kadirli ilçesine bağlıyken, 23 Ocak 1929'da Maraş'ın Andırın ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 78 km, Andırın ilçe merkezine 8 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Andırın'ın mahalleleri

Altınboğa, Andırın


Buddusò (sardinski: Buddusò) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Sassariju u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 700 metara i ima 3 871 stanovnika. Prostire se na 176,84 km2. Gustoća naseljenosti je 22 st/km2.Susjedne općine su: Bitti, Osidda, Alà dei Sardi, Oschiri i Pattada.

Izvori

Gradovi na Sardiniji

Buddusò


පොයින්කාරේ (), ප්‍රංශ ජාතික ගණිතඥයෙකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

1854 උපත්
1912 මරණ
19th-century essayists
19th-century French male writers
19th-century French mathematicians
19th-century French non-fiction writers
19th-century French philosophers
19th-century mathematicians
19th-century philosophers
20th-century essayists
20th-century French male writers
20th-century French mathematicians
20th-century French non-fiction writers
20th-century French philosophers
20th-century mathematicians
20th-century philosophers
Algebraic geometers
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
Chaos theorists
Continental philosophers
Corps des mines
Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Deaths from embolism
Determinists
Dynamical systems theorists
École Polytechnique alumni
Fluid dynamicists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
French male essayists
French male non-fiction writers
French male writers
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
French philosophers
Geometers
History of ideas
History of logic
ගණිතයේ ඉතිහාසය
History of philosophy
Lecturers
Mathematical analysts
Members of the Académie Française
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Mines ParisTech alumni
Officers of the French Academy of Sciences
People from Nancy, France
Philosophers of logic
Philosophers of mathematics
Philosophers of psychology
Philosophers of science
Philosophy academics
Philosophy writers
Recipients of the Bruce Medal
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
French relativity theorists
Thermodynamicists
Topologists
University of Paris faculty
Recipients of the Matteucci Medal

හෙන්රි පොයින්කාරේ


Proba de 3.000 de metri obstacole feminin de la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016 a avut loc în perioada 13-15 august pe Stadionul Olimpic.

Recorduri
Înaintea acestei competiții, recordurile mondiale și olimpice erau următoarele:

Format
Competiția a avut două etape: runda întâi cu trei serii și finala. Primele trei atlete din fiecare serie și alte șase atlete cu cel mai rapid timp s-au calificat în finală.

Rezultate

Runda 1
Reguli de calificare: primii trei din fiecare serie (C) și următorii trei atleți cu cel mai bun timp (c) se califică în semifinale.

Seria 1

Seria a 2-a

Seria a 3-a

Finala

Legendă

RA Record african | AM Record american | AS Record asiatic | RE Record european | OCRecord oceanic | RO Record olimpic | RM Record mondial | RN Record național | SA Record sud-american | RC Record al competiției | DNF Nu a terminat | DNS Nu a luat startul | DS Descalificare | EL Cea mai bună performanță europeană a anului | PB Record personal | SB Cea mai bună performanță a sezonului | WL Cea mai bună performanță mondială a anului

Referințe

Legături externe

 Rezultate runda 1
 Rezultate finală

Atletism la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016

Atletism la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016 - 3.000 m obstacole (feminin)


Das MPS Group Championships 2010 war ein Damen-Tennisturnier der Kategorie International im Rahmen der WTA Tour 2010. Das Sandplatzturnier in Ponte Vedra Beach fand vom 5. bis 11. April 2010 statt.

Das Finale im Einzel bestritten Caroline Wozniacki und Olga Gowortsowa, Wozniacki gewann in zwei Sätzen. Im Doppel gewann die Paarung Bethanie Mattek-Sands und Yan Zi in drei Sätzen gegen Chuang Chia-jung und Peng Shuai.

Qualifikation

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Doppel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks

Turnier der WTA Tour 2010
Tennisturnier in Ponte Vedra Beach

MPS Group Championships 2010