The Air Battalion Royal Engineers (ABRE) was the first flying unit of the British Armed Forces to make use of heavier-than-air craft. Founded in 1911, the battalion in 1912 became part of the Royal Flying Corps, which in turn evolved into the Royal Air Force.

Establishment
In 1911, following the growth in early aviation activity, the War Office issued instructions for the School of Ballooning, which had originally been formed in 1888, to be expanded into a battalion. An order was issued on 28 February 1911 for the formation of the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers effective 1 April the same year. The initial establishment was 14 officers and 150 other ranks. Officers could be selected from any branch of the service whereas other ranks were selected from the Corps of Royal Engineers.

Pilots had to already have earned a Royal Aero Club certificate from a private flying school. The GBP 75 charge for flight training was reimbursed only if the student passed the course.

Structure and activities
The battalion comprised two companies and a headquarters located at Farnborough. The commander of the Air Battalion was Major Sir Alexander Bannerman.

No. 1 Company, at Farnborough, was equipped with airships and was under the command of Captain Edward Maitland, an experienced balloon and airship pioneer. He also helped pioneer the parachute and in 1913 made the first parachute jump from an airship.

No. 2 Company, at Larkhill on Salisbury Plain, was equipped with aeroplanes and was commanded by Captain John Fulton. A mechanical engineer from the Royal Field Artillery, Fulton had been an early enthusiast of military flying and had attended the world's first air show at Rheims in 1909. He had earned his pilot's certificate, number 27, on 15 November 1910.

On 17 September 1911, Lt. R.A. Cammell, R.E. was killed in the crash of a Valkyrie monoplane at Hendon airfield; a 1922 account of the formation of the RAF states this was the only fatal accident in the Air Battalion.

On 14 February 1912, Lt. Barrington-Kennet flew a government-bought aeroplane – a two-seater Nieuport monoplane with a 50 hp Gnome engine – 249.5 miles in 4 hours and 32 minutes, setting a record.

Creation of the Royal Flying Corps
In October 1911, Italy's use of aircraft in combat against the Ottoman Empire in Tripoli, Libya led to the formation of a sub-committee of the British Imperial Defence Staff to recommend policy for the future of British military flying. The committee recommended the formation of a separate flying corps and on 13 April 1912 the Royal Flying Corps was created, with the Air Battalion becoming its Military Wing on 13 May.

No. 1 Company became No. 1 Squadron RFC on 1 April 1911.

No. 2 Company became No. 3 Squadron RFC on 1 April 1911 and a detachment of No. 2 Company became No. 2 Squadron RFC on 13 May 1912.

See also
 Bertram Dickson – first British serviceman to fly in 1910, pre-dating the Air Battalion

References

External links
 Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Aeronautics
 Royal Engineers Museum Origins of the Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force
 Royal Engineers Museum Early British Military Ballooning (1863)

Military units and formations established in 1911
Battalions of the British Army
British military aviation
History of the Royal Air Force
Units of the Royal Engineers
1911 establishments in the United Kingdom

Air Battalion Royal Engineers


ميت الدريج إحدى قرى مركز كفر شكر التابع لمحافظة القليوبية بجمهورية مصر العربية.

التاريخ
قرية ميت الدريج من القرى القديمة، حيث وردت باسم «منية الدرّاج» في أعمال الشرقية ضمن قرى الروك الصلاحي التي أحصاها ابن مماتي في كتاب قوانين الدواوين، كما وردت باسم «منية الدراج» في أعمال الشرقية ضمن قرى الروك الناصري التي أحصاها ابن الجيعان في كتاب «التحفة السنية بأسماء البلاد المصرية». وفي العصر العثماني ورد اسمها في التربيع العثماني الذي أجراه الوالي العثماني سليمان باشا الخادم في عصر السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني ضمن قرى ولاية الدقهلية، وفي تاريخ 1228هـ/1813م الذي عدّ قرى مصر بعد المسح الذي قام به محمد علي باشا باسم «ميت الدريج» ضمن قرى مديرية الدقهلية، وبعد تأسيس مركز كفر شكر، اقتطعت القرية من مديرية الدقهلية، وألحقت بمركز كفر شكر في مديرية القليوبية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان ميت الدريج 2,487 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
قائمة قرى محافظة القليوبية

مصادر

قرى كفر شكر

ميت الدريج


Julije Kugli (Banja Luka, 30. ožujka 1894. – Osijek, 8. svibnja 1969.), hrvatski violinist i glazbeni pedagog

Životopis
U Budimpešti je na Konzervatoriju završio studij sviranja violine kod Jene Hubaya. Zaposlio se u Pečuhu gdje je nekoliko godina bio koncertni majstor opernog i simfonijskog orkestra. Poslije rata radi u Osijeku radi kao koncertni majstor u orkestru Opere i Filharmonije. Sljedeće 1920. radi kao i učitelj violine na Glazbenoj školi Franjo Ksaver Kuhač. Bio je na glasu kao uspješan i zaslužan učitelj.

Izvori

Hrvatski violinisti
Životopisi, Osijek
Hrvatski glazbeni pedagozi

Julije Kugli


Saim Bülent Ulusu (1 Temmuz 1923, İstanbul - 22 Aralık 2015, İstanbul) Türk asker ve siyasetçi. 18. Türkiye Başbakanı ve Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanı.

Yaşamı

Askeri hayatı
1 Mayıs 1940 tarihinde girdiği Deniz Harp Okulu'ndan 15 Ekim 1941 tarihinde güverte asteğmen rütbesi ile mezun oldu. Mezuniyetinin ardından, muhriplerde branş subaylığı, bölüm amirliği ve çeşitli karargâh görevlerinde bulundu. 1955 yılında Deniz Harp Akademisi'nden mezun oldu. Daha sonra sırasıyla TCG Gaziantep Komutanlığı, çeşitli karargâh görevleri ve II. Muharip Filotilla Komodorluğu görevlerinde bulundu.

1964 yılında Tuğamiral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbede Deniz Kuvvetleri Harekât Daire Başkanlığı, Mayın Filosu Komutan Vekilliği görevlerinde bulundu. 1967 yılında tümamiral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbede Harp Filosu Komutanlığı, Deniz Kuvvetleri Harekât Başkanlığı görevlerinde bulundu. 1970 yılında koramiral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbede Kuzey Deniz Saha Komutanlığı, Deniz Kuvvetleri Kurmay Başkanlığı ve Donanma Komutanlığı görevlerini yürüttü.

1974 yılında oramiral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbede Yüksek Askerî Şûra üyeliği, Millî Savunma Bakanlığı Müsteşarlığı görevlerinde bulundu. 1977-1980 yılları arasında Deniz kuvvetleri Komutanı olarak görev yaptı. 1980 yılının Ağustos ayında emekli oldu. 12 Eylül Darbesi'nden önce 11 Temmuz günü yapılması planlanan Bayrak Harekâtı'nın ertelenmesi nedeniyle askerî müdahaleyi yapan kadro arasında yer alamadı.

Siyasi hayatı
12 Eylül 1980 Askeri Darbesi ile  ordu, yönetime el koymuştu. Sonra Millî Güvenlik Konseyi tarafından hükûmeti kurmakla görevlendirildi. Yeniden serbest seçimlerin yapıldığı 1983 yılına değin başbakanlık yaptı. Başbakanlık görevi boyunca MGK'nın aldığı ekonomik ve siyasi kararları uygulayan en yetkili kişilerden biri oldu. MGK'nın desteğinde bir merkez-sağ parti kurma girişiminde bulunduysa da yeterli desteği sağlayamadığı için bu göreve açıkça talip olmadı. 6 Kasım 1983 seçimlerinde Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi (MDP) listesinden, İstanbul bağımsız milletvekili seçildi.

Yeditepe Üniversitesi mütevelli heyeti üyeliği yaptı. 2012 yılında TBMM Darbe ve Muhtıraları Araştırma Komisyonu bünyesindeki 12 Eylül 1980 darbesi alt komisyonunda milletvekillerinin sorularını yanıtladı.

22 Aralık 2015'te İstanbul'da 92 yaşında öldü. Cenazesi 24 Aralık'ta Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı'na defnedildi. Evli ve bir çocuk babasıydı.

Kaynakça

1923 doğumlular
Üsküdar doğumlu askerler
Deniz Harp Okulunda öğrenim görenler
Güverte subaylar
Yüksek Askerî Şûra üyeleri
TBMM 17. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
2015 yılında ölenler
İstanbul'da ölenler
Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler

Bülent Ulusu


Sony Music Entertainment (oft stytt sem SME) er bandarískt fjölþjóða tónlistarfyrirtæki. Fyrirtækið er í eigu Sony Group Corporation, og er hluti af Sony Music Group. Það er eitt af þrem stærstu hljómplötufyrirtækjum á alþjóðlega tónlistarmarkaðnum, ásamt Universal Music Group (UMG) og Warner Music Group (WMG). Höfuðstöðvar Sony Music eru staðsettar í New York, New York.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar

Dreifiaðilar tónlistarútgáfna

Sony Music


Uist is a group of six islands that are part of the Outer Hebridean Archipelago, which is part of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.

North Uist and South Uist ( or ;  ) are two of the islands and are linked by causeways running via the isles of Benbecula and Grimsay.

From south to north, the inhabited islands in the island group are  (Eriskay),  (South Uist), Grimsay (South),  (Benbecula),  (Flodaigh),  (Grimsay (North)), ,  (North Uist),  (Baleshare) and  (Berneray).

The islands, collectively, have a population of 4,723.

Major settlements

The main settlements in Uist are:

South Uist
  (Daliburgh)
  (Lochboisdale)
  (Snishvale)
  (Stoneybridge)
  (Eochar)
  (Polochar)
  (Eriskay)

Benbecula
  (Balivanich)
  (Creagorry)
   (Liniclate)

North Uist
  (Carinish)
  (Bayhead)
  (Sollas)
  (Lochmaddy)
  (Balemore)

16th century

Geography
Writing in 1549, Sir Donald Monro, High Dean of the Isles stated of "Ywst" that it was a fertile country full of high hills and forests on the east coast with five parish kirks. He also noted that in the north of "Ywst ther is sundrie covis and holes in the earth, coverit with heddir above, quhilk fosters maney rebellis in the countrey".

Fishing
Monro referred to the "infinite number of fresh water loches", including Loch Bì, which is South Uist's largest loch and at  long it all but cuts the island in two. Monro stated that "the sea has gotten enteries to this fresche water loche" and described the "thicke dyke of rough staines" that had been created to prevent salt water ingress. This apparently resulted in numerous fish being caught in the stones, including "fluikes, podloches, skatts, and herings" and he described another "kynd of fishe, the quhantitie and shape of ane salmont, but it has na skaills at all; the under haffe, narrest his vombe is quhite, and the upmaist haffe narrest his back is als black as jett".

Land tenure
Monro's description was:
This countrey is bruiked by sundrey captains; to witt, the south southwest end of it, callit Bayhastill, be M'Neill of Barray, the rest of the ile, namit Peiter's parochin, the parochin of Howes, and the mayne land of the mid countrey callit Mackermeanache, perteins to Clanronald, halding of the Clandonald. At the end heirof the sea enters, and cuts the countrey be ebbing and flowing through it: and in the north syde of this there is ane parochin callit Buchagla, perteining to the said Clandonald. At the north end thereof the sea cuts the countrey againe, and that cutting of the sea is called Careynesse, and benorth this countrey is called Kenehnache of Ywst, that is in Englishe, the north head of Ywst, whilk term is twa paroche kirks, and is mair of profit than the rest of haill of Ywst, perteining to Donald Gormesone.

See also

Bonnie Prince Charlie
Benbecula was the island from which Flora MacDonald aided the escape of Prince Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) to Kilbride, Skye in June 1746, following his defeat at the Battle of Culloden.

Notes

References

See also
 List of Outer Hebrides

 Force-fire

External links
 Panoramas of Uist (QuickTime required)
 Archaeology of Uist - kite aerial photography
 Local Site Dedicated to Uist

Uist


Yasuo Suzuki (30. april 1913 - 2000) var en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yasuo Suzuki


est un manga écrit par Naoki Yamakawa et illustré par Masashi Asaki. La série est publiée au Japon depuis le  par le magazine Weekly Young Magazine de l'éditeur Kodansha, qui publie la série sous format tankōbon depuis le . La version française est publiée par Kurokawa depuis le .

Une adaptation en anime produite par Tezuka Productions est diffusée d' à .

Synopsis
Tetsuo Tosu, quadragénaire commercial, découvre que sa fille Reika a des traces de coups sur le visage. En enquêtant, il apprend que c'est l'œuvre de son petit ami, un dangereux yakuza. Pour protéger sa famille, Tetsuo décide d'éliminer celui-ci en utilisant ses connaissances d'écrivain amateur de romans policiers. Mais ce n'est que le début de ses problèmes...

Personnages

 Tetsuo a 47 ans et est commercial chez un fabricant de jouet. Il est passionné par l'écriture et publie des romans policiers sur des sites spécialisés. Son nom de naissance est Naeba, après son mariage, il prit le nom de sa femme Kasen : Tosu. Il a une fille du nom de Reika qu'il veut protéger à tout prix. En s'apercevant que sa fille se fait frapper par son petit-ami, il décide de prendre des mesures radicales basculant sa vie.

 Kaisen est la femme de Tetsuo. Elle a 41 ans et est femme au foyer. Quand elle va s'apercevoir que son mari a commis un meurtre pour protéger leur fille, elle décide sans hésiter de l'aider. Elle est la fille d'un riche marchand de kimonos et elle a décidé de rompre avec sa famille pour pouvoir se marier avec Tetsuo.

 Fille de Kasen et Tetsuo. Après avoir atteint ses 18 ans et son arrivée à l'université, elle commence à vivre seule. Elle va avoir son premier petit-ami du nom de Nobuto sans savoir que ce dernier est un yakuza. Celui-ci est violent avec elle et c'est son père qui va faire son maximum pour la protéger sans qu'elle s'en aperçoive.

Kyōichi est un jeune de 20 ans faisant partie de la même organisation criminelle que Nobuto, le petit-ami de Reika. Quand Nobuto disparaît, c'est Kyōichi qui est chargée de le retrouver et va très vite suspecter Tetsuo de l'avoir tué.

 Chef impitoyable de l'organisation criminelle dont sont membres Kyōichi et Nobuto. Quand ce dernier disparaît et étant donné qu'il est le fils de Yoshitatsu Matori, un important avocat pour l'organisation, il doit utiliser tous les moyens possibles pour le retrouver.

 Il s'agit d'un avocat véreux travaillant avec Mr Kubo et est respecté et craint par ce dernier. Grace à ses escroqueries, il a augmenté les revenus de l'organisation. Quand il apprend la disparition de son fils, Nobuto Matori, il utilise sa position dans l'organisation pour ordonner Kubo et ses hommes d'enquêter dessus.

 Jeune de 20 ans et petit ami de Reika, il est en réalité membre d'une organisation criminelle et se révèle violant avec sa copine. Quand le père de cette dernière s'en aperçoit,  il décide de se débarrasser de lui.

 Hôtesse, elle était l'amante de Nobuto depuis sa rencontre avec lui il y a un an.

Manga
 est publié au Japon depuis le  dans le magazine . L'éditeur Kodansha publie la série sous format tankōbon à partir du . Le , 22 volumes ont été publiés.

La version française est publiée par Kurokawa à partir du .

Liste des volumes

|}

Anime
L'adaptation en anime est annoncée en . Elle est réalisée au sein du studio Tezuka Productions par Takashi Kamei, sur un scénario de Kōhei Kiyasu, un character design de Masatsune Noguchi et des compositions de Kenji Kawai. La série est diffusée du  au  sur Tokyo MX et BS NTV au Japon et en simulcast sur Crunchyroll.

 interprète le générique de début intitulé , tandis que Dizzy Sunfist interprète le générique de fin intitulé Decided.

Liste des épisodes

|}

Réception
En , le manga avait plus de 2 millions d'exemplaires en circulation.

Erwan Lafleuriel du site IGN qualifie le premier tome de My Home Hero de « thriller très efficace » et le compare avec la série télévisée américaine Breaking Bad pour ses situations, son rythme et son déroulement.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Œuvres
 Édition japonaise

 Édition française

Liens externes
  du manga
  de l'anime

Manga paru dans le Weekly Young Magazine
Manga des années 2010
Manga des années 2020
Série manga
Manga publié par Kurokawa
Série d'animation japonaise
Animation réalisée par Tezuka Productions
Série télévisée japonaise des années 2020
Série diffusée sur Crunchyroll

My Home Hero


Hüttenhof ist ein Ortsteil von Bad Salzungen im Wartburgkreis in Thüringen.

Lage
Hüttenhof  befindet sich etwa 5 Kilometer Luftlinie nordöstlich vom Hauptort, am Rande des Moorgrundes bei Oberrohn. Östlich der Ortslage verläuft das Gleis der Werrabahn.
Die geographische Höhe des Ortes beträgt .

Geschichte
Als das Möhraer Gebiet durch Kupferbergbau zusätzliche Erwerbsmöglichkeiten bot, soll die Kleinsiedlung Hüttenhof entstanden sein. Zuvor soll neben diesem Ortsteil ein Hof Günthersbach bestanden haben. Der Hüttenhof bestand Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts aus fünf Wohnhäusern und hatte 24 Einwohner. Er war administrativ mit Gräfendorf verbunden und nach Möhra eingepfarrt.

Die Mehrzahl der Einwohner arbeitet heute in der nahen Kreisstadt und in den Gewerbegebieten von Marksuhl und Eisenach.

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Wartburgkreis
Geographie (Bad Salzungen)

Hüttenhof (Bad Salzungen)


La Columbia Británica es la provincia más occidental de Canadá, bordeada por el océano Pacífico. Con una superficie de 944.735 km², es la tercera mayor provincia canadiense. La provincia tiene casi cuatro veces el tamaño de Gran Bretaña, dos veces y media más grande que Japón y más grande que todos los estados de EE. UU., excepto Alaska. Limita, al noroeste con el estadounidense estado de Alaska; al norte, con el Territorio del Yukón y los Territorios del Noroeste; al este, con la provincia de Alberta; y, al sur, por los estadounidense estados de Washington, Idaho y Montana. La frontera sur de la Columbia Británica fue establecida en 1846 por el Tratado de Oregon.

La provincia está dominada por cadenas montañosas, entre ellas las Montañas Rocosas canadienses, pero dominantemente las montañas Costeras (Coast Mountains), las montañas Cassiar y las montañas Columbia. La mayor parte de la población se concentra en la costa del Pacífico, especialmente en el área de Vancouver, situada en el extremo suroeste del continente, lo que se conoce como Lower Mainland.

Geografía física

La Columbia Británica, geográficamente, se suele dividir en tres regiones principales: la Costa (British Columbia Coast), el Interior (British Columbia Interior) y el Lower Mainland (aunque este último es geográficamente parte de la Costa). Estas áreas están divididas por un sistema superpuesto de regiones geográfico-culturales, comúnmente basadas en las cuencas fluviales y cuerpos de agua dulce, pero a veces también en las tierras entre ellos.

Ejemplos de lo anterior serían los Kootenays, el Okanagan y el Chilcotin, mientras que del último sería el Lillooet Country y Cariboo. Subáreas importantes de estos incluyen el valle del Fraser, que forma parte del Lower Mainland, el cañón Fraser (que se solapa con las distintas regiones) y el valle de Robson, que es la cuenca alta del río Fraser, al sureste de Prince George. La isla de Vancouver es considerada como una región propia en la región de la costa, así como las islas Haida Gwaii (islas de la Reina Carlota) y las islas del Golfo

Tierras
Las Montañas Rocosas canadienses y los fiordos forman parte de las montañas de la costa, que ofrecen algunos de los paisajes más espectaculares y reconocidos de la Columbia Británica. Estas formas proporcionan el telón de fondo y el contexto de una aventura al aire libre y creciente industria de ecoturismo. En la esquina suroeste de la Columbia Británica, el valle Bajo del río Fraser forma un triángulo plano, de tierra fértil de uso intensivo. El Okanagan es una de las tres regiones productoras de vino en Canadá y también produce sidra. Mientras que las exportaciones son mínimas, los vinos de BC son muy apreciados y bien clasificados a nivel internacional. La ciudad de Penticton y los pequeños pueblos Oliver y Osoyoos tienen algunos de los climas más cálidos de verano en Canadá, aunque los puntos más calientes son las ciudades de Lillooet y Lytton, en el cañón Fraser. Casi la totalidad de la costa, incluyendo la mayor parte de la isla de Vancouver, está cubierta por un bosque templado lluvioso. Una tercera parte de la provincia se compone de tundra alpina, campos de hielo y glaciares.

Relieve y orografía

Los accidentes geográficos de la Columbia Británica son las llanuras del Interior, en el noreste de la provincia, que forma parte de la meseta de Alberta. El resto de la provincia es parte de la cordillera Occidental de América del Norte, a menudo se refiere a Canadá como la cordillera del Pacífico o de la cordillera Canadiense. La Cordillera se subdivide en cuatro grandes "sistemas" (que son distintos de una región a otra):

 Sistema Oriental, que comprende las dominantes Montañas Rocosas de Canadá (Canadian Rockies), con los sistemas Cariboo, Selkirk, Monashee, y Purcell como parte de las montañas Columbia en el sur. Las montañas Rocosas canadienses incorporan el segmento canadiense de las montañas Rocosas de América del Norte. El extremo sur de Alberta y la Columbia Británica bordea las fronteras de Idaho y Montana de los Estados Unidos. El extremo norte se encuentra en la llanura de Liard.

 Sistema Interior, que comprende la meseta y las montañas del interior (también conocida como las montañas del interior norte) y la parte sur de la meseta del Yukón. Entre los sistemas montañosos del interior se encuentran las montañas Cassiar, montañas Omineca, Plateau Stikine, montañas Skeena y montañas de Hazelton. Cada una tiene una variedad de subintervalos y algunas definiciones incluyen al Altiplano Tahltan y Highland Tagish, que también pueden ser asignados a las cordilleras límite de las montañas de la Costa. Las principales subdivisiones de la meseta del interior son la meseta de Nechako, la meseta de McGregor, la meseta del Fraser (que incluye la meseta de Chilcotin, la meseta Cariboo y una serie de pequeñas cadenas montañosas) y la meseta de Thompson. El Quesnel, Shuswap y las montañas que flanquean la meseta Okanagan, hacia el este, se ven a veces como parte de ella, pero son oficialmente parte de las montañas de la Columbia Británica y son vistas como subintervalos de los intervalos adyacentes, es decir, las montañas Cariboo y Monashee.

 Sistema Occidental, que comprende las montañas de la costa, la parte canadiense de las montañas Cascade (conocido en los EE. UU. como la cordillera de las Cascadas), la mayor parte del sureste de las montañas de San Elías y la depresión de la Costa, que incluye la depresión de Georgia y su subunidad la llanura de Fraser y otras áreas costeras. El sistema montañoso de la Costa Oeste es la cordillera más occidental de la Cordillera del Pacífico, se extiende al sur de la región del Panhandle de Alaska y cubre la mayor parte de la costa de Columbia Británica. Está cubierta de una densa selva tropical templada en sus exposiciones occidentales que se eleva a los picos glaciares en gran medida, incluyendo la mayor latitud de temperatura en un campo de hielo en el mundo, y luego se afina en la meseta del interior hasta volverse seco en sus flancos oriental, o en el sub-ártico boreal, los bosques de las montañas Skeena y la meseta de Stikine. Monte Waddington (4016 m) es la montaña más alta dentro del monte Fairweather, en la cordillera de Fairweather de las montañas de San Elías, en la frontera con Alaska, donde se alzan los picos más altos. Gran parte de la costa tiene un paisaje colmado de fiordos, debido a las numerosas islas a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico que en la realidad son los puntos más altos de una cordillera en parte sumergida.

 Sistema Insular, que comprende las montañas Insulares, que incluye la cordillera de la isla de Vancouver y las montañas de las Islas de la Reina Carlota, así como la llanura de Nanaimo, las tierras bajas y la depresión Nahwitti Hécate.

Geología y orogenia

Los picos más jóvenes de las montañas Rocosas canadienses se elevaron durante el periodo Cretácico tardío (140 millones-65 millones de años) y son un fenómeno relativamente nuevo, poco erosionados.

Durante la Edad del Hielo todas la Columbia Británica fue cubierta por el hielo (con excepción de Haida Gwaii y la península de Brooks).

Fuente: Statistics Canada

Volcanes

Aunque sea poco conocido para el público en general, en Columbia Británica hay una gran cantidad de volcanes, que forman parte del Anillo de Fuego del Pacífico. Varias montañas que muchos habitantes de Columbia Británica miran todos los días son volcanes inactivos. La mayoría de ellos han entrado en erupción durante el Pleistoceno y el Holoceno. Aunque ninguno de los volcanes de Canadá están actualmente en erupción, varios volcanes, campos volcánicos y centros volcánicos son considerados potencialmente activos, 49 de los cuales han surgido en los últimos 10.000 años y muchos de los cuales han estado activos en los últimos dos millones de años. Hay aguas termales en algunos volcanes, mientras que 10 volcanes de Columbia Británica parecen estar relacionados con la actividad sísmica desde 1975, incluyendo: el monte Silverthrone, monte Exiguo, campo volcánico Wells Gray-Clearwater, monte Garibaldi, monte Cayley, volcán Castle Rock, monte Edziza, montaña Hoodoo y laguna Cuervo. Muchos volcanes se desarrollaron durante el período Terciario en el centro-norte de la Columbia Británica y algunos activos de manera intermitente en los últimos tiempos. El ejemplo mejor acabado es el monte Edziza, un estratovolcán formado por un escudo basáltico coronado por una chimenea central y flanqueado por numerosos conos satélites, cenizas y bloques de lava. El complejo cuenta con una larga historia de erupciones volcánicas que se inició unos 10 millones de años y terminó hace unos 1300 años atrás. Los volcanes se agrupan en cuatro cinturones volcánicos con diferentes ambientes tectónicos.

Agua

El río Fraser forma un corredor de transporte importante al centro y sur de la Columbia Británica y fluye hacia el océano Pacífico. Otros ríos importantes son el curso superior del río Columbia y el río Kootenay. En el norte, los ríos Stikine, Nass y Skeena fluyen hacia el océano Pacífico, y el río Paz fluye en dirección noreste hacia el océano Ártico. Los recursos hidroeléctricos están muy desarrollados, junto con la explotación forestal dado que los aserraderos son comunes en toda la provincia. Los ríos Fraser, Nass y Skeena no han sido represados para proteger al salmón. Los ríos y sus valles fueron rutas provisionales para las personas que viven en las cordilleras de Columbia Británica.

Los lagos de Columbia Británica son largos y estrechos y se encuentran en los valles interiores, del sur y del centro. Entre ellas se encuentran Atlin, Kootenay, Okanagan, Quesnel, y los lagos Shuswap. Varias represas de gran altura han formado depósitos artificiales de agua dulce como el Kinbasket y el río Paz. Williston Lake, en el río Paz, es el mayor cuerpo de agua dulce de Columbia Británica.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Geografía de Columbia Británica


Le seuil des Rochilles est un petit col de montagne de France situé à la limite entre les Hautes-Alpes et la Savoie, au-dessus de Névache et de Valloire. S'élevant à  d'altitude, il est entouré de l'aiguille Noire () au nord et de la pointe des Blanchets () au sud. Il se trouve à l'est du camp des Rochilles situé de l'autre côté du col des Rochilles. Il est dominé par l'ouvrage des Rochilles, des fortifications de la ligne Maginot implantées dans la paroi de la crête de la Blanche qui descend de l'aiguille Noire au nord.

Notes et références

Rochilles
Rochilles
Rochilles
Valloire
Névache
Massif des Cerces

Seuil des Rochilles


The Crotalinae, commonly known as pit vipers,  or pit adders, are a subfamily of vipers found in Eurasia and the Americas. Like all other vipers, they are venomous. They are distinguished by the presence of a heat-sensing pit organ located between the eye and the nostril on both sides of the head. Currently, 23 genera and 155 species are recognized: These are also the only viperids found in the Americas. The groups of snakes represented here include rattlesnakes, lanceheads, and Asian pit vipers. The type genus for this subfamily is Crotalus, of which the type species is the timber rattlesnake, C. horridus.

These snakes range in size from the diminutive hump-nosed viper, Hypnale hypnale, that grows to a typical total length (including tail) of only , to the bushmaster, Lachesis muta, a species known to reach a maximum total length of  in length.

This subfamily is unique in that all member species share a common characteristic – a deep pit, or fossa, in the loreal area between the eye and the nostril on either side of the head. These loreal pits are the external openings to a pair of extremely sensitive infrared-detecting organs, which in effect give the snakes a sixth sense to help them find and perhaps even judge the size of the small, warm-blooded prey on which they feed. The pit organ is complex in structure and is similar to the thermoreceptive labial pits found in boas and pythons. It is deep and located in a maxillary cavity. The membrane is like an eardrum that divides the pit into two sections of unequal size, with the larger of the two facing forwards and exposed to the environment. The two sections are connected via a narrow tube, or duct, that can be opened or closed by a group of surrounding muscles. By controlling this tube, the snake can balance the air pressure on either side of the membrane. The membrane has many nerve endings packed with mitochondria. Succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphate, monoamine oxidase, generalized esterases, and acetylcholine esterase have also been found in it. When prey comes into range, infrared radiation falling onto the membrane allows the snake to determine its direction. Having one of these organs on either side of the head produces a stereo effect that indicates distance, as well as direction. Experiments have shown, when deprived of their senses of sight and smell, these snakes can strike accurately at moving objects less than  warmer than the background. The paired pit organs provide the snake with thermal rangefinder capabilities. Clearly, these organs are of great value to a predator that hunts at night, as well as for avoiding the snake's own predators.

Among vipers, these snakes are also unique in that they have a specialized muscle, called the muscularis pterigoidius glandulae, between the venom gland and the head of the ectopterygoid. Contraction of this muscle, together with that of the muscularis compressor glandulae, forces venom out of the gland.

Geographic range
The subfamily Crotalinae is found from Eastern Europe eastward through Asia to Japan, China, Indonesia, peninsular India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In the Americas, they range from southern Canada southward to Central America to southern South America.

Habitat

Crotalines are a versatile subfamily, with members found in habitats ranging from parched desert (e.g., the sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes) to rainforests (e.g., the bushmaster, Lachesis muta). They may be either arboreal or terrestrial, and at least one species (the cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus) is semiaquatic. The altitude record is held jointly by Crotalus triseriatus in Mexico and Gloydius strauchi in China, both of which have been found above the treeline at over 4,000 m above sea level.

Behavior
Although a few species of crotalines are highly active by day, such as Trimeresurus trigonocephalus, a bright green pit viper endemic to Sri Lanka, most are nocturnal, preferring to avoid high daytime temperatures and to hunt when their favored prey are also active. The snakes' heat-sensitive pits are also thought to aid in locating cooler areas in which to rest.

As ambush predators, crotalines typically wait patiently somewhere for unsuspecting prey to wander by. At least one species, the arboreal Gloydius shedaoensis of China, is known to select a specific ambush site and return to it every year in time for the spring migration of birds. Studies have indicated these snakes learn to improve their strike accuracy over time.

Many temperate species of pit vipers (e.g. most rattlesnakes) congregate in sheltered areas or "dens" to overwinter (brumate, see hibernation), the snakes benefiting from the combined heat. In cool temperatures and while pregnant, pit vipers also bask on sunny ledges. Some species do not mass together in this way, for example the copperhead,  Agkistrodon contortrix, or the Mojave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus.

Like most snakes, crotalines keep to themselves and strike only if cornered or threatened. Smaller snakes are less likely to stand their ground than larger specimens. Pollution and the destruction of rainforests have caused many pit viper populations to decline. Humans also threaten pit vipers, as many are hunted for their skins or killed by cars when they wander onto roads.

Reproduction
With few exceptions, crotalines are ovoviviparous, meaning that the embryos develop within eggs that remain inside the mother's body until the offspring are ready to hatch, when the hatchlings emerge as functionally free-living young. In such species, the eggshells are reduced to soft membranes that the young shed, either within the reproductive tract, or immediately after emerging.

Among the oviparous (egg-laying) pit vipers are Lachesis, Calloselasma, and some Trimeresurus species. All egg-laying crotalines are believed to guard their eggs.

Brood sizes range from two for very small species, to as many as 86 for the fer-de-lance, Bothrops atrox, which is among the most prolific of all live-bearing snakes.

Many young crotalines have brightly coloured tails that contrast dramatically with the rest of their bodies. These tails are known to be used by a number of species in a behavior known as caudal luring; the young snakes make worm-like movements with their tails to lure unsuspecting prey within striking distance.

Taxonomy
In the past, the pit vipers were usually classed as a separate family: the Crotalidae. Today, however, the monophyly of the viperines and the crotalines as a whole is undisputed, which is why they are treated here as a subfamily of the Viperidae.

Genera

*) Not including the nominate subspecies.
) Type genus.

See also
 List of crotaline species and subspecies

References

Further reading

 Gumprecht, Andreas; Tillack, Frank (2004). "A proposal for a replacement name of the snake genus Ermia Zhang, 1993". Russian Journal of Herpetology 11: 73–76.
 Wright, Albert Hazen; Wright, Anna Allen (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Seventh Printing 1985). ("Crotalidae", p. 901).
 Goris RC (2011). "Infrared organs of snakes: an integral part of vision". Journal of Herpetology 45: 2–14.

External links

 Pit organs at Life is Short, but Snakes are Long

Pit viper


مرصد نساء سورية هو مرصد حر يهتم بقضايا المجتمع في سورية. تم تفعيل موقعه الإلكتروني في 5/1/2005، بمبادرة من قبل الصحفي «بسام القاضي»، المشرف العام على المرصد. يهتم المرصد بمحاور: المرأة، الطفولة، الشباب، المعوقين. ويبني عمله على أساس المواطنة وحقوق الإنسان، ويهدف إلى مناهضة العنف بكافة أشكاله، وخاصة العنف ضد المرأة.

الحملات
أطلق المرصد حملة في 6/2005 لنقاش وتعديل قانون الجمعيات في سورية. كما أطلق في 8/2005 حملته الوطنية لمناهضة «جرائم الشرف» تحت عنوان: «لا لقتل النساء.. لا لجرائم الشرف». وهو ما يزال مستمرا بها منذ ذلك الوقت، ويقود كل العمل الجاري في هذا المجال في سورية. يشارك المرصد في الحملة العالمية لمناهضة العنف ضد المرأة (قل لا للعنف ضد المرأة)، كما يشارك في الحملة الوطنية في سورية من أجل إقرار حق المرأة السورية بمنح جنسيتها لأطفالها بغض النظر عن جنسية الزوج. يعمل المرصد تطوعيا تماما بدون أي تمويل أو دعم مالي. كما أنه مرصد مستقل عن أي جهة أو حزب أو منظمة أو دولة. شكل المرصد منذ انطلاقه علامة فارقة في قضايا المرأة في منطقة الشرق الأوسط، وخاصة في سورية. إذ يعد أول موقع إلكتروني يتمكن من الربط بين العالم الافتراضي والواقع بطريقة فعالة مستمرة.

كما يعد الآن أكبر مصدر معلومات حول قضايا المرأة باللغة العربية.

الموقع الإلكتروني
يضم المرصد صفحات مختصرة بكل من اللغات: الإنكليزية، ، . يضم الموقع آلاف المقالات والدراسات المختصة (باللغة العربية). كما يضم عددا كبيرا من التقارير المتعلقة والقوانين والاتفاقيات ذات الصلة.

وصلات خارجية
 المرصد الإلكتروني

حقوق المرأة
منظمات مقرها في سوريا
نساء سوريات

مرصد نساء سورية


Thomas A. Gaudette (1923–1998) was a community organizer who worked in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago. Originally a businessman, Gaudette became interested in neighborhood organizing through his Catholic Church activism. Gaudette helped form a neighborhood group, along the lines of those organized by Saul Alinsky, on the far West Side of Chicago called Organization for a Better Austin. OBA was concerned with poor schools and neighborhood decline.

He also founded the Mid-America Institute for Community Organizations, and trained notable organizers like Shel Trapp and Gale Cincotta.

Biography
Thomas A. Gaudette was born in 1923, in Medford, Massachusetts. His parents were Roman Catholic and his father a member of a railroad union, two critical influences on Tom Gaudette's later development as a community organizer. Gaudette served with distinction in the United States Army Air Corps in World War II, surviving the famous raid on Ploesti, Romania, and by war's end earning the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and a Presidential Unit Citation. After the war, he graduated in 1949 from Boston College.

By the 1950s Tom Gaudette and his wife Kay had settled in Chicago, where he worked as a vice-president for the Admiral Corporation. Here, he was introduced to community organizing, for his new home had become a center of community organizing because of the work of Saul Alinsky and the Roman Catholic Church.

Experienced in labor organizing and trained in sociology, Saul Alinsky (1909–1972) inspired the community organizing movement in the United States. Alinsky-style community organizing is dedicated to creating grass-roots organizations led by local people with the end of combating government bureaucracies or businesses or other powers unresponsive to local concerns. The organizer, in the classic Alinsky sense, does not assume leadership of community organizations. Instead, he or she may inspire local communities to action, but the organizer's real job is to identify leaders who can direct the community organizations, so that communities themselves can truly determine their own direction. The Alinsky maxim "Never do for the people what they can do for themselves" aptly expresses this approach to community organizing. Identified with neither socialist thought nor the New Left of the 1960s, community organizing is thus a populist movement possessed of a profound faith in the democratic abilities of local communities to control their destiny. A major correlative belief is that, when local communities themselves address their problems, social justice and true democracy are realized.

In 1939, Alinsky successfully organized the Back of the Yards neighborhood in the slums of the stockyards area of Chicago. His Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council successfully fought for major civic improvements and stands as a landmark success in the history of Alinsky's organizing. It still exists today. An important reason for the success of Alinsky and the Back of the Yards Council was the strong support of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chicago, with its advocacy of social activism. Auxiliary Bishop Bernard Sheil championed Alinsky's work in the Back of the Yards, and such other notable Chicago Roman Catholic Church leaders as Cardinal Samuel Stritch and Monsignor John Egan would continue to provide him with invaluable moral and financial support. In short, Alinsky's methods of community organizing would be rooted in socially active churches, most notably Roman Catholic.

It was in this context that Tom Gaudette entered community organizing in Chicago. Active in their Roman Catholic parish, Tom and Kay Gaudette's involvement in the Christian Family Movement led to their joining the Chatham-Avalon Park Community Council in 1957. Tom Gaudette emerged as a leader of this organization, serving as its president and spokesman in fights over such issues as zoning restrictions and controls on taverns in Chatham-Avalon Park. Another key issue, dominant in the Chicago of the 1950s and 1960s, was the African-American integration of white, often ethnic, neighborhoods, with subsequent white flight to the suburbs. Through his work in these areas, Gaudette met Father Egan, who, as head of the Chicago Archdiocesan Conservation Council concerned with integration, was beginning his rise in the ranks of Roman Catholic social activism. Impressed with Guadette's character and leadership abilities, Egan believed him the right person to organize an area that the monsignor had targeted for such work: Chicago's West Town, a Polish-American community. Saul Alinsky had refused Egan's earlier request to organize the area, citing the lack of money and an organizer to carry out the work. Egan responded by raising money for the project from the archdiocese and sending Gaudette to Alinsky to interview for the position of organizer for West Town. After an interview memorable for the profane give and take between the two, Alinsky hired Gaudette in 1961, leading to an eleven-year association between the men. Alinsky schooled Gaudette in community organizing, making him one of the handful of organizers whom Alinsky personally trained.

Gaudette went to work for Alinsky on Chicago's west side, organizing the Northwest Community Organization (NCO) in 1961, one of the hallmark Alinsky community organizations in Chicago. NCO, under Gaudette's tutelage, fought the extensive demolition of housing planned for the area because of urban renewal.  After working with NCO, Gaudette, at the request of Father Egan and other clergy, turned his attention to South Austin in south Chicago. His work here led to the Organization for a Better Austin (OBA) in 1966, notable for the fact that it brought together African-Americans and whites in an area tormented by racial strife. OBA had its most effective results in the improvement of the neighborhood school system.

Despite efforts by Alinsky to have him undertake organizing efforts in other cities, Gaudette refused to do so. Chicago would remain his base of operations, even after Tom Gaudette founded the Mid-America Institute for Community Development in 1972, the same year that Alinsky died. Gaudette used the Institute (operated out of his Chicago home) for his work throughout the country and even Asia as an independent trainer and teacher of community organizers. Monsignor Egan credited Tom Gaudette with inspiring more community organizers than any other person, many of whom originally worked with him. These included Gail Cincotta, who was a member of OBA, and later would become one of the more successful organizers in the United States. She, along with Shel Trapp, founded the National Training and Information Center and National People's Action. Cincotta's most remarkable accomplishment was her successful campaign for the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act, which the United States Congress passed in 1976. The Act banned the banking practice of "redlining" poor neighborhoods. Another one of Gaudette's more important successes has been his work with John Baumann, S.J., and the Pacific Institute for Community Organization, of Oakland, which stands as one of the more active community organizing networks in the United States today. Gaudette was also responsible for community organizations in Seattle, Kansas City, and Baltimore, among other places.

On his death in 1998, Tom Gaudette left a considerable legacy to the work of community organizing, attested to by the persons he trained, as well as by his philosophy of organizing summarized in this eloquent quotation:

Thomas A. Gaudette Papers
Various documents related to Thomas A. Gaudette are archived at Loyola Marymount University as part of its Center for the Study of Los Angeles collection.

References

1923 births
1998 deaths
American community activists
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

Tom Gaudette


الشباب (ويسمى الشاب فتى والشابة فتاة) مصطلح يطلق على مرحلة عمرية هي ذروة القوة والحيوية والنشاط بين جميع مراحل العمر لدى البشر، وتختلف تلك المراحل العمرية لدى بقية الكائنات الأخرى. إن معدل النضج عند الفرد قد لا يتوافق مع عمره الزمني، والأفراد غير الناضجين يمكن أن يتوفروا في جميع الفئات العمرية. حيث يطلق على الأنثى والذكر الذين يمرون بمرحلة الشباب بصيغة المفرد {شابة} للأنثى و {شاب} للذكر، وأما في صيغة الجمع «الشباب» أو«شباب» لكلا الجنسين.

خصائص الشباب
تعدّ مرحلة الشباب من أهم المراحل التي يمر بها الفرد، حيث تبدأ شخصية الإنسان بالتبلور. وتنضج معالم هذه الشخصية من خلال ما يكتسبه الفرد من مهارات ومعارف، ومن خلال النضوج الجسماني والعقلي، والعلاقات الاجتماعية التي يستطيع الفرد صياغتها ضمن اختياره الحر. وإذا كان معنى الشباب أول الشيء، فإن مرحلة الشباب تتلخص في أنها مرحلة التطلع إلى المستقبل بطموحات عريضة وكبيرة.

الفترة العمرية لسن الشباب
تختلف المعايير المعينة لموضوع تحديد الفترة العمرية المحددة لسن الشباب بين الدول والمنظمات في العالم، فمثلاً:
 الأمم المتحدة تحدد فئة الشباب بأنهم أولئك الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 15 و 24 سنة.
 البنك الدولي يحصر فترة مرحلة الشباب في ما ببن 15 و 25 عام.
 معجم المنجد في اللغة العربية المعاصرة يحدد تلك الفترة من حد البلوغ إلى الثلاثين.
 برنامج الكومنولث للشباب يعمل مع «الشباب (الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 15-29).»

أقوال وحكم في الشباب

انظر أيضاً
 مراهقة
 شيخوخة
 نشاط طلابي
 دراسات الشباب
 مراعاة المنظور الشبابي

مصادر
 المعجم المنجد في اللغة العربية المعاصرة، الطبعة الثانية، 2001
 صفحة شباب بموقع الأمم المتحدة
 مسرد المصطلحات بموقع البنك الدولي
 منير عبود، موسوعة الأمثال والحكم والأقوال العالمية، شركة المطبوعات للتوزيع والنشر، 2005 (ص 410)

مراجع

بنائية (اجتماع)

شباب


Le gué réfléchi (capitale , minuscule ) est une lettre additionnelle de l'alphabet latin qui a été utilisée dans l'écriture de l'abkhaze de 1928 à 1938, de l'abaza, du kabarde et de l'oudi.

Utilisation

Le gué réfléchi a été utilisé dans l'alphabet latin abkhaze de Yakovlev de 1930.

Représentation informatique
Cette lettre ne possède pas de représentations Unicode.

Bibliographie

Articles connexes

 Ğ (G bref)
 Abkhaze
 Alphabet latin

G
Lettre latine additionnelle

Gué réfléchi


Berkeley Castle (udtalt Barkli) (Berkley Castle eller Barkley Castle) er et slot i byen Berkeley i Gloucestershire i England. Borgen kan dateres til 1000-tallet.

Borgen tilhørte Berkeley-familien siden opførslen i 1100-tallet, bortset fra en periode, hvor den var i kongens eje under Tudordynastiet. Traditionelt har man ment, at det var stedet, hvor kong Edvard 2. blev myrdet i 1327.

Den drives i dag som turistattraktion af English Heritage og er en listed building af 1. grad.

Se også
 Liste over borge og slotte i England

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Official Berkeley Castle website
 Berkeley Castle history 1
 Berkeley Castle history 2

Slotte i Gloucestershire

Berkeley Castle


The UCL Institute of Education (IOE) is the faculty of education and society of University College London (UCL). It specialises in postgraduate study and research in the field of education and is one of UCL's 11 constituent faculties. Prior to merging with UCL in 2014, it was a constituent college of the University of London. The IOE is ranked first in the world for education in the QS World University Rankings, and has been so every year since 2014.

The IOE is the largest education research body in the United Kingdom, with over 700 research students in the doctoral school. It also has the largest portfolio of postgraduate programmes in education in the UK, with approximately 4,000 students taking Master's programmes, and a further 1,200 students on PGCE teacher-training courses. At any one time the IOE hosts over 100 research projects funded by Research Councils, government departments and other agencies.

History

In 1900, a report on the training of teachers, produced by the Higher Education Sub-Committee of the Technical Education Board (TEB) of the London County Council, called for further provision for the training of teachers in London in universities. The TEB submitted a scheme to the Senate of the University of London for a new day-training college, which would train teachers of both sexes when most existing courses were taught in single-sex colleges or departments. The principal of the proposed college was also to act as the Professor of the Theory, History and Practice of Education at the university. The new college was opened on 6 October 1902 as the London Day Training College under the administration of the LCC.

Its first principal was Sir John Adams, who had previously been the Professor of Education at University of Glasgow.
Adams was joined with a mistress and master of Method (later Vice-Principals). The bulk of the teaching was carried out by the Vice-Principals and other specialists were appointed to teach specific subjects, including Cyril Burt. Initially the LDTC only provided teacher training courses lasting between 1 and 3 years.

The LDTC became a school of the University of London in 1909 and was wholly transferred to the university and was renamed the University of London, Institute of Education in 1932. Gradually the institute expanded its activities and began to train secondary school teachers and offered higher degrees. It also moved into specific areas of research with its Child Development Department, administered by Susan Sutherland Isaacs and the training of teachers for the colonial service. At the outbreak of World War II, the institute was temporarily transferred to the University of Nottingham.

As a result of the report of the McNair Committee, which was established by the Board of Education to examine recruitment and training of teachers and youth leaders a new scheme for teacher training was established in England. "Area Training Organisations" (ATO) were created to co-ordinate the provision of teacher training and were responsible for the overall administration of all colleges of education within their area. The ATO for the London area was based at the University of London under the name University of London, Institute of Education, which was responsible for around 30 existing colleges of education and education departments, including the existing Institute of Education. The colleges (known as "constituent colleges" of the institute) prepared students for the "Certificate in Education" of the institute, and latterly for the Bachelor of Education and Bachelor of Humanities degrees of the university. The existing institute (referred to as the "Central Institute") and the new ATO (referred to as the "Wider Institute") had separate identities, but confusingly were administered from the same building and by the same administrative staff. This dual identity continued until the Wider Institute gradually disappeared and was finally dissolved in 1975, coinciding with the closure (or "merger" with local polytechnics and other institutions) of many of the colleges of education.

In 1987 the institute once again became a school of the University of London and was incorporated by royal charter.

The IOE and UCL formed a strategic alliance in October 2012, including co-operation in teaching, research and the development of the London schools system. In February 2014 the two institutions announced their intention to merge and the merger was completed in December 2014.

In March 2015 it was announced that the IOE would be the lead partner in the UK Centre for Global Higher Education, a new centre focusing on the systematic investigation of higher education and its future. The Economic and Social Research Council announced that it would provide £5 million in funding for the centre for the period to 2019, the other partners in which are Lancaster University and the University of Sheffield.

Campus

The first home of the IOE (as the London Day Training College) was Passmore Edwards Hall on Clare Market, which belonged to the London School of Economics. It moved again in its second year to the Northampton Technical Institute in Finsbury and the College of Preceptors building in Bloomsbury Square. In 1907 the College moved to its first purpose built building on Southampton Row. In 1938, the institute moved to the Senate House complex of the University of London on Malet Street. After World War II, the Senate House complex became unworkable due to a sharp increase in numbers of students. The institute began to expand into other buildings in the neighbouring area, including four houses on Bedford Way which were leased as a residential hall for students in 1946, a building on Tavistock Square as home of the music department in 1958, and a few "huts" on Malet Street (formerly belonging to the University of London Student Union) where the library was transferred.
In 1960, plans were prepared for a new building on Bedford Way designed by Denys Lasdun, though only part of his initial design was completed. The library was one of the aspects dropped from the design and in 1968 it was moved from huts into a converted office block on Ridgmount Street The library finally moved into an extension of the Bedford Way building in 1992 and was renamed the "Newsam Library" after Peter Newsam, the Director who oversaw the new construction.

In 2004, the Institute of Education and Birkbeck, University of London, jointly founded London Knowledge Lab, an interdisciplinary research unit concerned with learning and technology. It is located in Emerald Street, Holborn. In 2016, by mutual and cordial agreement, the institutional collaboration came to an end with the launch of two separate research centres, the UCL Knowledge Lab and the Birkbeck Knowledge Lab, extending the legacy of the London Knowledge Lab.

Library

The IOE's Newsam Library is the largest in its field in Europe, containing more than 300,000 volumes and nearly 2,000 periodicals.

Main collections
 Educational collection of publications covering every aspect of education in the United Kingdom, organized by the specialist classification scheme, London Education Classification.
 International collection covering aspects of the organisation of education outside the UK
 Reference collection including reference works, indexes, legal guidance, statistics of education in the UK and recent official government publications. The library also maintains the Digital Education Resource Archive (DERA) which contains full text digital publications from over 100 official departments and agencies relating to education, skills and training .
 Other subjects collection containing publications on educational related subjects including psychology, sociology, linguistics etc.
 Large selection of teaching materials for all subjects and stages of the curriculum with children's fiction and picture books.

Special collections
There are 27 special collections of publications held by the Newsam Library. Some of the collections relate to a specific subject area or have been collection by a single source while others have been built up with several sources. The collection contains a comprehensive range of documents on education in the UK, the National Textbook Collection, and other unique resources.

Archives
The institute archive collections date back from 1797, and holds over 130 deposited collections as well as the records of the institute itself. The deposited collections contain the personal papers of educationalist and other notable people involved with education and the records of educational organisations such as trade unions, and education projects. The collection covers a wide area of education, from pre-school all the way through to adult education, from formal education settings to informal settings. The Archives are open to both internal and external researchers by appointment only.

Research
The IOE had a total research income of £12.17 million in 2013/14, of which £6.59 million was from UK Research Councils, £2.0 million from UK central government, £1.07 from European governments, £0.81 million from UK-based charities, and £1.7 million from other sources.

A total of 219 full-time-equivalent staff from the IOE were submitted to the Education Unit of Assessment (UoA) of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF), around 15 per cent of the total 1,442 staff submitted by all institutions to the UoA and by far the highest amount of any single institution (compared to 54 staff submitted by the second-placed Open University and 40 by the third-placed Edinburgh University). 28% of the IOE's research was classified as 4* (compared to 19% in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE 2008)) and 40% as 3* (compared to 38% in the 2008 RAE) and the IOE achieved a GPA of 3.21, ranking it joint 11th in the UoA. Furthermore, according to the UCL Institute of Education's research page, one-quarter of all UK Education research occurs at the IOE, while the IOE is home to four times as many leading education scholars than any other UK university.

The IOE prepared 23 cases for impact evaluation, with the next largest submission in the UoA comprising six cases. In a league table produced by Times Higher Education the IOE ranked first for "research power" in the UoA with a rating of 703 (compared to 164 for the second-placed Open University and 140 for the third-placed Oxford University).

Centre for Longitudinal Studies
The Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) is an ESRC Resource Centre based at the IOE. CLS houses three of Britain's internationally renowned birth cohort studies:

National Child Development Study (NCDS)
1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70)
Millennium Cohort Study (MCS): 2000 birth cohort

The studies were key sources of evidence for a number of UK Government inquiries such as the Plowden Committee on Primary Education (1967), the Warnock Committee on Children with Special Educational Needs (1978), the Finer Committee on One Parent Families (1966–74), the Acheson Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (1998) and the Moser Committee on Adult Basic Skills (1997–99). A study of working mothers and early child development was influential in making the argument for increased maternity leave. Another study on the impact of assets, such as savings and investments on future life chances, played a major part in the development of assets-based welfare policy, including the much-debated "Baby Bond".

Heather Joshi was director of the Centre for Longitudinal Studies between 2003 and 2010. She was succeeded by Jane Elliott, who served as director from 2010 to 2014.

Notable people

Notable former faculty and staff

Basil Bernstein (1924–2000), sociologist and linguist
Max Black (1909–1988), philosopher
Cyril Burt (1883–1971), educational psychologist
Jon Davison (1949-), first professor of teacher education
 Rosemary Firth (1912–2001), social anthropologist
Harvey Goldstein (1939–2020), statistician
Chris Husbands (1959–), educationalist and former director of the institute
Susan Sutherland Isaacs, (1885–1948), educational psychologist and psychoanalyst
George Barker Jeffery (1891–1957), mathematician and educationalist
Joseph Lauwerys (1902–1981)
Leonard John Lewis, international educationalist
Karl Mannheim (1893–1947), sociologist
Richard Stanley Peters (1919– 2011), philosopher, professor of philosophy of education
Marion Richardson (1892–1946), artist, educator and author who published workbooks on penmanship and handwriting
Harold Rosen (1919–2008), educationalist, professor and head of English department
Christian Schiller (1895–1976), HM Inspector and senior lecturer
Philip E. Vernon, (1905–1987), psychologist

Notable alumni

T. Q. Armar (1915–2000), Ghanaian publisher
Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–1966), first Prime Minister of independent Nigeria
Paul Bird (1923–1993), artist and teacher
Quentin Blake (born 1932), cartoonist, illustrator and children's book author
Waveney Bushell, (born 1928), Guyanese-born educational psychologist
Jane E. Clerk (1904–1999), schoolteacher and pioneer woman education administrator on the Gold Coast, now Ghana
Reginald Horace Blyth (1898–1964), author and devotee of Japanese culture
Valerie Davey (born 1940), former Labour Member of Parliament for Bristol West
Bryan Davies, Baron Davies of Oldham, PC (born 1939), Labour member of the House of Lords
Modjaben Dowuona (1908–1991), first Registrar of the University of Ghana; Minister for Education (1966–1969)
Michael Duane (1915–1997, controversial head teacher
U. A. Fanthorpe (1929–2009), poet
Beryl Gilroy (née Answick) (1924–2001), novelist
Alice Jane Green (1863 – 1966) She co-founded Moreton Bay College in Australia.
Sally Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Huyton (born 1959), British Labour Party politician
William R. Newland (potter) (1919–1998), New Zealand born studio potter
Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula (1917?–1983), Zambian nationalist leader who assisted in the struggle for the independence of Northern Rhodesia
Aydin Önaç (born c. 1950), controversial headteacher
Harry Rée (1914–1991), British educationalist and member of the Special Operations Executive
Bill Renwick (1929–2013), New Zealand Director-General of Education 1975–1988
Harold Rosenthal (1917–1987), music critic
Irene Sabatini, Zimbabwean novelist
Brian Simon (1915–2002), educationalist and historian
Katherine Weare (born 1950), professor of Education

Principals and directors
Principals of the London Day Training College
 1902–22: John Adams (1857–1934)
 1922–32: Sir Percy Nunn (1870–1944)

Directors of the Institute of Education
 1932–36: Sir Percy Nunn (1870–1944)
 1936–45: Sir Fred Clarke (1880–1952)
 1945–57: George Barker Jeffery (1891–1957)
 1958–73: Lionel Elvin (1905–2005)
 1973–83: William Taylor
 1983–89: Denis Lawton
 1989–94: Sir Peter Newsam
 1994–2000: Peter Mortimore
 2000–11: Geoff Whitty
 2011–15: Sir Chris Husbands
 2015–16: Andrew Brown (interim)
 2016–2020: Becky Francis
 2020–2021: Sue Rogers (interim)
 July 2021 – Present: Li Wei

References

External links

 IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society website
 Institute of Education graduate lists, 1836–1934
 List of London Day Training College military personnel,1914–1918

Denys Lasdun buildings
Education, Institute of
Teacher training colleges in the United Kingdom
Universities and colleges established in 1902
1902 establishments in England
Research institutes established in 1902
Postgraduate schools in the United Kingdom

UCL Institute of Education


Humus, nohut ve tahine limon suyu, sarımsak, tuz, kimyon, kırmızı biber ve zeytinyağı eklenerek yapılan bir Orta Doğu mezesidir. Houmous ve Hummus olarak da yazılıp okunur. Hummus Arapça'da nohut anlamına gelmektedir.

Daha çok Arap ülkelerinde ve yine Orta Doğu'da, İsrail'de sıkça tüketilmekle birlikte Türkiye, Ermenistan, Kıbrıs ve Yunanistan gibi ülkelerde de geleneksel bir yemek olarak yapılıp tüketilir. Türkiye'de ise Hatay ve Mersin yöresinde yapılmaktadır. Son yıllarda Avrupa ve Amerika'da oldukça popüler bir ürün olmuştur. Humus Ortadoğu'da pide, domates ve salatalıkla yenen bir kahvaltılık, ana yemek öncesi iştah açıcı bir atıştırma veya kendi başına bir öğün iken  Avrupa ve Amerika'da cipsle birlikte tüketilen bir meze haline gelmiştir.

Hazırlama ve sunum
Kuru nohut yumuşaması için önceden suya yatırılır. Nohutun cinsine göre ıslatma işlemi birkaç saatten bir güne kadar çıkabilir. Suyu süzülen yumuşamış nohutlar bir tencereye konup üzerlerini örtecek kadar yeni su konur ve kabuklar ayrılıncaya kadar kaynatılır. Kaynamış nohutların kabukları soyulup bir miktar su (kaynatıldığı su da olur) ile püre haline gelinceye kadar ezilir. Bu püreye ezilmiş sarımsak, tahin, limon suyu eklenir, baharatı ve tuzu ayarlanır. Kimyon, nane, dereotu eklenmesi tercihe bağlıdır. Kıvamını kalınlaştırmak için azıcık yağ, açmak için su katılıp karıştırılır.

Tabağa alınan karışımın üzerinde sızma zeytin yağı gezdirilip ince kıyılmış maydanoz ve toz kırmızı biber eklenir. Üzerine orta yere süs maksadı ile bir iki haşlanmış nohut eklenebilir. Yarım somun ekmek, pide dilimleri ve tercihan zeytin ve turşu ile servis edilir.

Başka sunumlar
Humus yukarıda anlatılan şekilde servis edilebildiği gibi, kiremit kaplara koyularak fırında ikinci kez pişirilerek de hazırlanabilir. Bu sunum genelde biraz daha zengin çeşniler içerir, üzerinde kavrulmuş pastırma, biberli tereyağı ve sumağa rastlamak mümkündür.

Kolay hazırlama
Zahmetli bir hazırlık gerektiren ve kıvamını tutturması çok kolay olmayan bir meze olduğu için hazırlığı kolaylaştırmak için tarifte ufak değişiklikler yapılabilir. Örneğin tüm malzemeler birleştirilip bir seferde mutfak robotundan geçirilebilir. Pişirme işlemini kısaltmak için konserve nohut kullanılabilir veya nohutlar ıslatılmadan pişirilecekse düdüklü tencere kullanılabilir.

Günümüzde süpermarketlerde hazır humus tozuna da rastlanmaktadır. Üzerindeki yönergelere göre sadece tahin limon suyu tuz ve isteğe göre sarımsak ekleyip hazır humus elde etmek mümkündür.

Usta farkı
Sunum ve özellikle hazırlık konusunda başka bir husus da humusun ustadan ustaya değişen hazırlama tekniğidir. Humusa katılan malzemelerden ve miktarlarından çok, malzemelerin nohuta ne sırayla ve nasıl eklendikleri humusun nasıl olacağını belirler. Örneğin soyulmuş nohutlara ezme sırasında eklenen sarımsağın tadı daha yumuşak olarak ortaya çıkar, veya karbonatla kaynatılmış nohutun humusu daha pürüzsüz fakat daha hafif gövdeli olur. Ustaların bu seçimleri sundukları humusun tadını doğrudan etkilemektedir.

Kızarmış tavuk ya da kırmızı etin yanında servis edilir.

Türkiye'de Yörelere Göre Çeşitleri

Tarsus Humusu
Tarsus Humusu 01.11.2017 tarihinde Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından tescillenmiş ve coğrafi işaret almıştır.

Notlar
  Tarsus'un bu şekilde tüketilen humusu ünlüdür.

Ayrıca bakınız

 Musabbaha

Kaynakça

Türk mutfağındaki mezeler
Türk mutfağındaki salatalar
Güney mutfağı
Gıda ezmesi
Vegan mutfağı
Türk mutfağındaki nohut yemekleri
Arap mutfağı
Levant mutfağı
Mısır mutfağı
Aperitifler
Sürülebilir yiyecekler

Humus (yemek)


(21801) Ančerl, denumire internațională (21801) Ancerl, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
21801 Ančerl este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul din Ondřejov de Lenka Šarounová. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,39 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 5,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 21001-22000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

21801 Ančerl


Belde (kelimenin tam anlamıyla "kasaba" anlamına gelir), Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin idari yapılanmasında yönetsel açıdan köy ile ilçe arasında, bucaktan aşağı ya da eşiti bir konumda yer alan yerel yönetim birimine verilen ad.

Mülki idare bölünüşü içinde görev alan kentsel yerleşmelere il merkezi, ilçe merkezi unvanları verilmektedir. Mülki idare bölünüşü içinde il merkezi, ilçe merkezi görevi alamamış belediye örgütlü yerleşmelere yerel yönetimle ilgili bir yönetsel statü kazandırılarak belde unvanı verilmiştir. Siyasi partilerin ülke düzeyinde teşkilatlanmaları, seçime katılacakları il ve ilçe merkezlerinde "il teşkilatı", "ilçe teşkilatı" şeklinde olurken; il merkezi, ilçe merkezi durumunda olmayan, belediyesi bulunduğu için belediye başkanlığı seçimleri yapılan yerleşmelerde ise "belde teşkilatı"adıyla olmaktadır. Aslında belde, şehir anlamında Arapça bir sözcük olup, genelde tüm belediye örgütlü yerleşmeleri (il merkezlerini, ilçe merkezlerini ve belde denilen yerleşmeleri) kapsamaktadır. Gerçek anlamıyla uyuşmasa da Türkiye'nin yönetsel sistemi içerisinde yerel yönetimle ilgili bir terim olarak yer almaktadır.

Beldeler jandarma gücü dışında olmaksızın yargı ve yürütme birimlerinin olmadığı ama sadece belediye teşkilatının olduğu yerleşim birimleridir. Beldelerde ve bucaklarda bir Mülki İdare Amiri bulunmamaktadır.

Günümüzde mülki ve mahalli idare açısından bucak merkezi ve kasaba belediyesi olarak ikiye ayrılan beldelerin günümüzdeki toplam sayısı 394'tür.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız

 Türkiye'nin beldeleri listesi

Belde


Auguste-Maurice Barrès (francuski: [baʁɛs]; 19. kolovoza 1862. – 4. prosinca 1923.) bio je francuski romanopisac, novinar i političar. Napisao je knjigu Vrt na Orontu.

Francuski književnici
Francuski političari
Romanopisci
Francuski novinari

Maurice Barrès


Christian III generally refers to Christian III of Denmark. It may also refer to:

 Christian III, Count of Oldenburg (d. 1285)
 Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1674–1735)
 Christian III Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (1680–1694)

Christian III (disambiguation)


خط الشكستة تعليق هو أحد الخطوط العربية، وقد ظهر في إيران في عهد الصفويين .

تاريخ
ظهر هذا الخط في عهد الصفويين في مطلع القرن الحادي عشرهـ/17م. وكان يستعمل في المراسلات، قبل أن يستعيضوا عنه بالشكستة نستعليق.

خصائصه
لم يكن خط الشكستة تعليق في بدايته كثير الاختلاف عن النستعليق، إلا فيما اتصفت به بعض الحروف من تكسر ومن هنا جاءت تسميته بالشكستة كما أن بعض حروفه تتسم بالصغر مقارنة مع النستعليق. ثم تطور هذا الخط ليستقل بذاته، ومن بين خصائصه اتصال بعض الحروف والكلمات التي تكتب في العادة منفصلة. وهو خط صعب القراءة ولا سيما بالنسبة للمواضع التي تطغى فيها الحروف غير المعجمة. ومن خصائص هذا الخط أن الحرف الواحد لا يتخذ شكلا واحدا.

خطاطوه
تميز في كتابة هذا الخط العديد من الخطاطين من أهمهم:
 مرتضي قلي خان شاملو، من ولاة الدولة الصفوية. ويعتبر أول من جدد في خط الشكستة.
 محمد شفيع الهروي، عمل في بلاط عباس الثاني توفي سنة 1081هـ.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 خط الشكستة
 شكستة نستعليق

مرجع
 حبيب الله فضائلي، أطلس الخط والخطوط، ترجمة د. محمد التونجي، دار طلاس للدراسات والترجمة والنشر، دمشق، ط 2، 2002.

أبجديات مشتقة من العربية
اختراعات إيرانية
خط إسلامي
خط عربي
خط فارسي

شكستة تعليق


Golfo Aranci (sardisk: Fìgari) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sassari i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 19 meters højde og har 2.452 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 37,43 km² og grænser til kommunerne Olbia.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sassari

Golfo Aranci


المَغْرَة أو (نقحرة: بلدية الماجرو) ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة سيوداد ريال إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، والتي تقع في منطقة قشتالة والمنجى وسط إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 8.482 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

ينسب إليها الفاتح الإسباني دييغو دي ألماغرو

توأمة
للمَغْرَة (سيوداد ريال) اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
 ترجالة

أعلام

 دييغو دي ألماغرو

مراجع

أماكن ذات اسم عربي الأصل في شبه الجزيرة الإيبيرية
أماكن مأهولة في ثيوداد ريال
بلديات سيوداد ريال

الماجرو (سيوداد ريال)


An Digitaria gayana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier. An Digitaria gayana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Digitaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Digitaria (Poaceae)

Digitaria gayana


ස්පුට්නික් V (, ) යනු Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology විසින් නිපදවන ලද COVID-19 සඳහා වන, adenovirus viral vector එන්නත කි. රුසියානු සෞඛ්යය අමාත්‍යංශය විසින් 2020-08-11 දින ගම්-කොවිඩ්-වැක් () ලෙස මේ සඳහා ලියාපදිංචිය ලබා දී ඇත. මෙහි නාමයේ 'V' යනු රෝම ඉලක්කම් වලින් '5' නොව 'v' අක්ෂරය (එන්නත් යන අරුත ඇති vaccine පදය සඳහා) වේ.

තාක්ෂණය

සායනික පර්යේෂණ

Phase I–II

Phase III

Sputnik V – AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine trials

සංයුතිය

ඉතිහාසය

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

 නිළ වෙබ් අඩවිය

Adenoviridae
Clinical trials
COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
COVID-19 vaccines
Medical controversies in Russia
Products introduced in 2020
Science and technology in Russia
Vaccine controversies
Medical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Viral vector vaccines

ස්පුට්නික් V


Seestermühe er en by og en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Elmshorn-Land under Kreis Pinneberg. Kreis Pinneberg ligger i den sydlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Kommunen ligger ud til Elben mellen floderne Krückau og Pinnau midt i Seestermüher Marsch, en af de fire Elbmarsker. Pagensand der er en ubeboet ø i Elben hører også til kommunen. Nabokommuner er Neuendeich og Seester, og nærmeste større byer er Elmshorn og Uetersen. I kommunen ligger herregården Gut Seestermühe.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Pinneberg

Seestermühe


Klosterris Hegn er en skov i Helsingør Kommune. Skoven er fredskov. Skoven er overvejende en blandet nåleskov og bøgeskov. Skovens størrelse er 342,2 ha.

Geologi og jordbund
Skoven ligger i et morænelandskab fra sidste istid. Jornbunden er præget af sand og grus og mindre områder med ler. I forbindelse med mange mindre vandløb findes postglaciale aflejringer af tørv.

Plantevækst
Skoven er domineret af bøg, eg og rødgran, men der findes også en del ær, birk, almindelig ædelgran og nobilis.

I skoven forekommer bølget bunke, almindelig kvik, almindelig hvene, tveskægget ærenpris, almindelig mangeløv, rød svingel og skov-hundegræs.

Fredninger m.m.
Egentlige fredninger er ikke foretaget.

Skoven er fredsskov, og i skoven findes en række fredede fortidsminder.

Anvendelse
Skoven er produktionsskov.

Skoven fungerer også som ekstensiv udflugtsskov. Klosterris Hegn indgår i Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland.

Noter

Litteratur

Palle Gravesen: Foreløbig Oversigt over Botaniske Lokaliteter 1: Sjælland; Fredningsstyrelsen 1976; s. 274

Statsskove i Danmark
Skove i Helsingør Kommune
Nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland

Klosterris Hegn


Pour le modèle crossover essence sans rapport vendu au Japon sous la même plaque signalétique, voir Mitsubishi Outlander.

Le Mitsubishi Airtrek (chinois : 阿图柯; pinyin : Ātúkē) est un crossover compact électrique produit par GAC Mitsubishi, une co entreprise de Guangzhou Automobile Cie et Mitsubishi Motors depuis 2021.

Aperçu

L'Airtrek a été dévoilé au Salon de l'automobile de Guangzhou en novembre 2021 après avoir présenté l'Airtrek en avant-première en tant que concept homonyme en avril 2021 au Salon de l'automobile de Shanghai. Il est basé sur la même plate-forme que l'Aion V et dispose d'une fonctionnalité de conduite semi-autonome de niveau 2 utilisant neuf radars et caméras pour les fonctions d'accélération, de freinage et d'assistance dans la voie.

L'Airtrek devrait être commercialisé, exclusivement en Chine, début 2022.

Groupe motopropulseur
L'Airtrek est alimenté par une batterie lithium-ion de 70 kWh, associée à un moteur électrique de 135 kW (181 ch; 184 PS) offrant une autonomie revendiquée de 520 km (323,1 miles). La dynamique de conduite est facilitée par une batterie basse avec un centre de masse bas et une répartition du poids de 50:50.

Notes et références

Lien externe

Automobile électrique
Automobile des années 2020
Crossover

Mitsubishi Airtrek (Chine)


Xenopipo  es un género de aves paseriformes perteneciente a la familia Pipridae, que agrupa a dos especies nativas de América del Sur, cuyas áreas de distribución se encuentran desde los tepuyes de Guyana, sur de Venezuela y norte de Brasil, fragmentadamente por el este de Colombia, Perú, hasta el noreste de Bolivia y sur de la Amazonia brasileña. A sus miembros se les conoce por el nombre popular de saltarines o bailarines.

Etimología
El nombre genérico femenino «Xenopipo» se compone de la palabra del griego «xenos» que significa 'extraño', y del latín «pipō» que designa a un 'pica-palo' o 'carpintero', pero Cabanis igualó este término a «pipra», ave no identificada.

Características
Los dos saltarines de este género son aves pequeñas, midiendo 12 y 14 cm de longitud, de colas bastante largas, uno (atronitens), enteramente negro azulado brillante (el macho) y el otro (uniformis), uniformemente oliva oscuro; las hembras son semejantes, oliva oscuro. Muy discretos y furtivos, habitan en el sotobosque de selvas guayanesas y amazónicas. Son muy calladas y las exhibiciones que realizan son mínimas (si en realidad realizan alguna), diferente de otros miembros de la familia.

Lista de especies
Según las clasificaciones del Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC) y Clements Checklist/eBird, el género agrupa a las siguientes especies con el respectivo nombre popular de acuerdo con la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO):

Taxonomía

La especie Xenopipo uniformis era anteriormente colocado junto a las actuales Cryptopipo holochlora, Chloropipo flavicapilla y Chloropipo unicolor todos juntos en Chloropipo. Prum (1992) los colocó a todos en el género Xenopipo junto a la especie tipo Xenopipo atronitens. Los estudios de Ohlson et al. (2013) encontraron que Chloropipo y el ampliamente definido Xenopipo eran polifiléticos y describieron un nuevo género, Cryptopipo, para la anteriormente llamada Xenopipo holochlora, cuyos datos demostraron estar más próxima a Lepidothrix que a los géneros anteriores; también resucitaron Chloropipo para flavicapilla y unicolor, y retuvieron uniformis en Xenopipo con atronitens. Las propuestas fueron aprobadas en la amplia Propuesta N° 591 al Comité de Clasificación de Sudamérica (SACC), que redefinió la secuencia linear de toda la familia Pipridae.

Los estudios de filogenia molecular de Tello et al (2009) y McKay et al (2010), verificaron la existencia de dos clados bien diferenciados dentro de la familia Pipridae: uno llamado de subfamilia Neopelminae, agrupando a los saltarines más asemejados a atrapamoscas de los géneros Neopelma y Tyranneutes; y los restantes géneros llamados de «saltarines propiamente dichos», incluyendo el presente Xenopipo, en un clado monofilético Piprinae , 1815. Esto fue plenamente confirmado por los amplios estudios de filogenia molecular de los paseriformes subóscinos realizados por Ohlson et al (2013). El Comité de Clasificación de Sudamérica (SACC) adopta esta última división y secuencia linear de los géneros, a partir de la aprobación de la Propuesta N° 591. La clasificación Clements Checklist v.2017, el IOC, y el Comité Brasileño de Registros Ornitológicos (CBRO) adoptan integralmente esta secuencia y división (el CBRO divide en tres subfamilias, siguiendo a Tello et al. (2009), y coloca al presente en una subfamilia Ilicurinae , 1992).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Géneros de aves
Taxones descritos por Jean Cabanis

Xenopipo


El Coliseo El Pueblo es un escenario deportivo cubierto ubicado en Cali, Colombia. Diseñado por el arquitecto colombiano Pedro Enrique Richardson Saravia, del estudio Richardson y Yusti (junto con Libia Yusti). El cálculo de estructuras corrió a cargo de Guillermo Gonzalez Zuleta y Harold Arzayuz.  Fue inaugurado para los Juegos Panamericanos de 1971, su capacidad es de 12 000 espectadores. Fue el lugar de la fase final del Campeonato Mundial de Baloncesto de 1982 y de las modalidades de Gimnasia durante los Juegos Mundiales de 2013.

Está ubicado en la unidad deportiva Alberto Galindo, y es sede de las ligas vallecaucanas de tenis de mesa, lucha, taekwondo, esgrima, judo sambo y levantamiento de pesas.

Fue una de las sedes de la Copa Mundial de fútbol sala de la FIFA 2016, donde se jugaron los partidos por el tercer lugar y la gran final del torneo.

Véase también
Guillermo González Zuleta

Referencias

Instalaciones deportivas de Cali
Pabellones de baloncesto de Colombia
Pabellones de la Copa Mundial de Baloncesto 1982

Coliseo El Pueblo


Universitatea Notre Dame este o universitate catolică din statul Indiana, SUA, înființată în anul 1842 de preotul Edward Sorin.

Absolvenți celebri
Charles W. Misner (1932-2023), fizician
Eric Wieschaus (n. 1947), laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru Medicină
Condoleezza Rice (n. 1954), politiciană
Kelley Hurley (n. 1990), campioană olimpică

Note

Legături externe

Instituții de învățământ superior din Indiana
Fondări în 1842

Universitatea Notre Dame


Andalusia is a region in Spain.

Andalusian may also refer to:

Animals
Andalusian chicken, a type of chicken
Andalusian donkey, breed of donkey
Andalusian hemipode, a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds
Andalusian horse, a breed of horse

Other uses
Al-Andalus, a historical state on the Iberian Peninsula
Al-Andalusi, an Arabic attributive title for people from Al-Andalus region
Andalusian people, an ethnic group in Spain centered in the Andalusia region
Andalusian Spanish, a dialect of Spanish (also called andaluz)
Andalusian Arabic, a dialect of the Arabic language
Andalusian cadence, a chord progression in music theory
An Andalusian Dog, the English title of the film Un chien andalou

See also

Andalusi (disambiguation)
Andalusia (disambiguation)

Language and nationality disambiguation pages

Andalusian


Moshi Moshi Harajuku () fue el primer EP y registro musical debut de Kyary Pamyu Pamyu. Todas las canciones fueron producidas por Nakata Yasutaka De la Banda Capsule . El miniálbum salió en dos ediciones: una edición limitada con un álbum de fotos y una edición regular. Se incluyó el sencillo digital "PONPONPON", Publicado el 20 de julio de 2011. "Jelly" fue lanzado como otro sencillo en el miniálbum, publicado el 3 de agosto de 2011, es un cover de la canción "Jelly" por la banda Capsule.

Lista de canciones
Kyary no March (きゃりーのマーチ)
Cherry Bonbon (チェリーボンボン)
PONPONPON
Choudo Ii no (ちょうどいいの)
Ping Pong ga Nannai (ピンポンがなんない)
Jelly
PONPONPON (Mix Extendido) (Canción Bonus en iTunes)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial Kyary PamyuPamyu
 Perfil Oricon

Álbumes recopilatorios de 2011
Álbumes de J-Pop
Álbumes debut de 2011
Álbumes de Japón de 2001
Álbumes de música electrónica

Moshimoshi Harajuku


El cantón de Montmirail era una división administrativa francesa, que estaba situada en el departamento de Marne y la región de Champaña-Ardenas.

Composición
El cantón estaba formado por diecinueve comunas:
 Bergères-sous-Montmirail
 Boissy-le-Repos
 Charleville
 Corfélix
 Corrobert
 Fromentières
 Janvilliers
 La Villeneuve-lès-Charleville
 Le Gault-Soigny
 Le Thoult-Trosnay
 Le Vézier
 Mécringes
 Montmirail
 Morsains
 Rieux
 Soizy-aux-Bois
 Tréfols
 Vauchamps
 Verdon

Supresión del cantón de Montmirail

En aplicación del Decreto nº 2014-208 de 21 de febrero de 2014, el cantón de Montmirail fue suprimido el 22 de marzo de 2015 y sus 19 comunas pasaron a formar parte del nuevo cantón de Sézanne-Brie y Champaña.

Referencias

Montmirail

Cantón de Montmirail (Marne)


Regillio Simons (født 28. juni 1973) er en tidligere hollandsk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Holland

Regillio Simons


ناصر بن سليمان بن محمد العمر (مواليد 1373 هـ / 1952)، ولد في قرية المريدسية التابعة لمدينة بريدة بمنطقة القصيم.

النشأة والتعليم
أنهى دراسته الثانوية عام 1390 هـ من معهد الرياض العلمي، ثم أنهى دراسته الجامعية من كلية الشريعة عام 1394 هـ.

عين معيداً في جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية، بكلية أصول الدين – قسم القرآن وعلومه. ثم حصل على درجة الماجستير من كلية أصول الدين - قسم القرآن وعلومه – عام 1979م 1399 هـ، ثم على درجة الدكتوراه من كلية أصول الدين – قسم القرآن وعلومه – عام 1984م 1404 هـ.

المؤلفات

كتب

 الوسطية في القرآن الكريم.
 سورة الحجرات دراسة تحليلية وموضوعية.
 العهد والميثاق في القرآن الكريم.
 تحقيق كتاب (البرهان في متشابه القرآن) لمحمود بن حمزة الكرماني.

 تحقيق ودراسة الجزء الأول من (لباب التفسير) لمحمود بن حمزة الكرماني.
 فقه الاستشارة.
 فرغ من شرح مسلم من منظور تربوي وهو في طور المراجعة والتصحيح.
 آيات للسائلين وهو مجلد حوى تفسيراً تحليلياً موضوعياً لسورة يوسف.

الرسائل
كثيرة ومنها:

 التوحيد أولاً.
 فقه الواقع.
 مقومات السعادة الزوجية.
 رمضان مدرسة الأجيال.
 السعادة بين الوهم والحقيقة.
 الفتور.
 أسباب سقوط الأندلس.
 البث المباشر حقائق وأرقام.
 بناتنا بين التغريب والعفاف.
 التوحيد أولاً.
 حقيقة الانتصار.
 الحكمة.
 رؤية إستراتيجية في القضية الفلسطينية.

 جزيرة العرب بين التشريف والتكليف.
 بيوت مطمئنة.
 وكانوا لنا عابدين.
 مختصر في فقه الاعتكاف.
 الاختلاف في العمل الإسلامي.
 امتحان القلوب.
 العلم ضرورة شرعية.
 جامعة الصيام.
 لحوم العلماء مسمومة.
 مشروع مقترح.
 رسالة المسلم في حقبة العولمة.
 ثوابت الأمة في ظل المتغيرات الدولية.

إعتقالة
تم إعتقالة في سبتمبر 2018 وذلك بسبب تغريدة غردها في حسابه في تويتر.

انظر أيضا
 محمد العريفي
 محمد صالح المنجد
سعد بن عتيق العتيق

روابط خارجية

مصادر ومراجع

أئمة القرن الـ 20
أئمة القرن الـ21
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من منطقة القصيم
دعاة سعوديون
سلفيون سعوديون
علماء دين سنة سعوديون
علماء مسلمون في القرن 14 هـ
علماء مسلمون في القرن 15 هـ
فقهاء سعوديون
كتاب سعوديون
مواليد 1373 هـ
مواليد 1952
ناشطون سعوديون

ناصر العمر


Die Spanish International 2009 im Badminton fanden vom 21. bis zum 24. Mai 2009 im Polideportivo Municipal Marqués de Samaranch in der Paseo Imperial 18 in Madrid statt. Es war die 30. Auflage des Turniers.

Sieger und Platzierte

Weblinks
 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=DAA4CE1A-5E5A-4538-B941-7B3C38AF83B0

2009
Badminton 2009
Badmintonwettbewerb in Madrid
BE Circuit 2009/10

Spanish International 2009


فابريانو (Fabriano) مدينة إيطالية في مقاطعة أنكونا بإقليم ماركي شمال وسط البلاد ، تقع على ارتفاع 325 متر فوق مستوى سطح البحر ، في وادي إزيمو 44 كم (27 ميل) جنوب غرب ييزي و 36 كم (22 ميل) عن غوبيو (في أومبريا). يبلغ عدد قاطني فابريانو 31.745 ساكن : جعلها موقعها على الطريق الرئيسية والسكك الحديدية على خط أومبريا - البحر الأدرياتي مركزاً إقليمياً متوسط الحجم في جبال الأبينيني .

السكان

في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان  نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2011 لـ  نسمة.

أعلام

 جنتيلي دا فابريانو
 أول زامباريني
 فينانتانو فينانتانا
 فيليبو سبيتوني

مراجع

مدن وبلدات في ماركي
بلديات مقاطعة أنكونا

فابريانو


In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the growth rate of a group with respect to a symmetric generating set describes how fast a group grows.  Every element in the group can be written as a product of generators, and the growth rate counts the number of elements that can be written as a product of length n.

Definition
Suppose G is a finitely generated group; and T is a finite symmetric set of generators
(symmetric means that if  then ).
Any element  can be expressed as a word in the T-alphabet

Consider the subset of all elements of G that can be expressed by such a word of length ≤ n

This set is just the closed ball of radius n in the word metric d on G with respect to the generating set T:

More geometrically,  is the set of vertices in the Cayley graph with respect to T that are within distance n of the identity.

Given two nondecreasing positive functions a and b one can say that they are equivalent () if there is a constant C such that for all positive integers n,

for example  if .

Then the growth rate of the group G can be defined as the corresponding equivalence class of the function

where  denotes the number of elements in the set . Although the function  depends on the set of generators T its rate of growth does not (see below) and therefore the rate of growth gives an invariant of a group.

The word metric d and therefore sets  depend on the generating set T.  However, any two such metrics are bilipschitz equivalent in the following sense:  for finite symmetric generating sets E, F, there is a positive constant C such that

As an immediate corollary of this inequality we get that the growth rate does not depend on the choice of generating set.

Polynomial and exponential growth

If

for some  we say that G has a polynomial growth rate.
The infimum  of such ks is called the order of polynomial growth.
According to Gromov's theorem, a group of polynomial growth is a virtually nilpotent group, i.e. it has a nilpotent subgroup of finite index.  In particular, the order of polynomial growth  has to be a natural number and in fact .

If  for some  we say that G has an exponential growth rate.
Every finitely generated G has at most exponential growth, i.e. for some  we have .

If  grows more slowly than any exponential function, G has a subexponential growth rate. Any such group is amenable.

Examples

 A free group of finite rank  has exponential growth rate.
 A finite group has constant growth—that is, polynomial growth of order 0—and this includes fundamental groups of manifolds whose universal cover is compact.
 If M is a closed negatively curved Riemannian manifold then its fundamental group  has exponential growth rate. John Milnor proved this using the fact that the word metric on  is quasi-isometric to the universal cover of M.
 The free abelian group  has a polynomial growth rate of order d.
 The discrete Heisenberg group  has a polynomial growth rate of order 4. This fact is a special case of the general theorem of Hyman Bass and Yves Guivarch that is discussed in the article on Gromov's theorem.
 The lamplighter group has an exponential growth.
 The existence of groups with intermediate growth', i.e. subexponential but not polynomial was open for many years. The question was asked by Milnor in 1968 and was finally answered in the positive by Rostislav Grigorchuk in 1984. There are still open questions in this area and a complete picture of which orders of growth are possible and which are not is missing.
 The triangle groups include infinitely many finite groups (the spherical ones, corresponding to sphere), three groups of quadratic growth (the Euclidean ones, corresponding to Euclidean plane), and infinitely many groups of exponential growth (the hyperbolic ones, corresponding to the hyperbolic plane).

See also
 Connections to isoperimetric inequalities

References

Further reading

Infinite group theory
Cayley graphs
Metric geometry

Growth rate (group theory)


Louisa Models ist eine große deutsche Modelagentur. Sie wurde 1981 von Louisa von Minckwitz in München gegründet. 1990 erfolgte die Gründung einer Dependance in Hamburg.

Louisa Models vertritt über 380 Frauen und 250 Männer. Zu den Models der Agentur gehörten Catherine Flemming, Erol Sander, Christiane Paul, Andrea Kempter, Monica Bellucci, Elle Macpherson, Izabel Goulart, Daniela Peštová, Eva Padberg und Valerie Niehaus. Julia Stegner wurde im Alter von 14 Jahren von Louisa von Minckwitz auf dem Münchner Oktoberfest 1999 entdeckt und von ihr unter Vertrag genommen. Jana Beller ist seit 2011 unter Vertrag.

Weblinks
 http://www.louisa-models.de/

Einzelnachweise

Modelagentur
Dienstleistungsunternehmen (München)
Gegründet 1981

Louisa Models


L. Hjorth (født Lauritz Adolph Hjorth, d. 27. december 1834 i Rønne, død 9. december 1912, sammesteds) var en dansk ejer af en terrakottafabrik og pottemager.

Han var søn af Lars Hansen Hjort (f. 1794, d. 1880) og Maren Kirstine Knudsen (f. 1802, d. 1891) og bror til skoleinspektør Andreas Larsen Hjorth. Han boede i Østergade i Rønne. Han begyndte som lærling hos Edvard Christian Sonne (f. 1810, d. 1876)

Da han var færdiguddannet rejste han blandt andet til Tyskland (Schumanns porcelænsfabrik i Berlin), Schweiz og Nordfrankrig om at dygtiggøre sig selv ved at arbejde hos forskellige keramikfabrikker.

Hjort grundlagde d. 9. marts 1859 L. Hjorth's Terracottafabrik i et lille værksted i Østergade hvor han boede, men flyttede senere i 1862 til Krystalgade 5. Her blev der fremstillet terrakotta, stentøj og fajance. Samme år blev Hjort gift med Agnete Marie født Wolffsen, (f. 1840, d. 1908) der var en datter af en anden fajancefabrikant på Bornholm. Mange af hans fremstillinger er stærkt inspireret af den danske billedhugger Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Hort var ikke kun en dygtig kunstner, han forstod også at hvis hans fabrik skulle overleve konkurrencen fra andre keramikeres virksomheder, skulle han beskæftige sig med markedsføringen. Desuden deltog Hjort i utallige af datidens både nationale og internationale industriudstillinger og hjemtog adskillige præmier. Dem annoncerede han med i sine kataloger: Nakskov 1868, Altona 1869, London 1870. Det kunne godt ske at nogle af hans værker blev solgt i udlandet til entusiastiske danskere, der så senere i bunden så kunne finde et stempel fra Hjort's fabrik i Rønne.

Mange kendte kunstnere tilknyttede sig Hjort's fabrik, som for eksempel Kristian Zahrtmann, der gav ham flere tips i fremstilling af kunstværker, og Holger Drachmann, der ved at tjene ekstra penge hos Hjort, kunne vedligeholde hans kunstneriske interesse. Men Drachmann var også en gevinst for Lauritz Hjort. Hans kunstneriske sans betød at Drachmann kunne komme med ideer til nye motiver for vaser og krukker.

Han havde to sønner der efter Lauritz død i 1912 overtog virksomheden:
 Peter Christian Hjorth (f. 1873, d. 1959)
 Hans Adolph Hjorth (f. 1877, d. 1966) der i 1960 skrev bogen: Bornholmsk stentøj 1902–12, Fra L. H.s fabrik i Rønne.

Også hans børnebørn, Erik Hjorth (f. 1906, d. 1982) og Adolf Hjorth, overtog virksomheden som videre gave det i 1982 til hans døtre, keramikerne Ulla Hjorth (født 1945) og Marie Hjorth (født 1941).

Lauritz Hjort blev i 1912 udnævnt som kancelliråd men døde sidst på året. Han er begravet på Rønne Kirkegård.

Noter

Kilder
 Historien om Hjorts fabrik - Bornholms Museum. Hentet 1. marts 2018
 Georg Nygaard: L. Hjorth i Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, 3. udg., Gyldendal 1979-84. Hentet 1. marts 2018

Eksterne henvisninger
 Bornholm Hjort-keramik; 45 værker beskrevet i Kunstindeks Danmark på kulturarv.dk . Hentet 1. marts 2018

Bornholm

L. Hjorth


Les élections législatives françaises de 2002 se déroulent les 9 et . Dans le département du Val-d'Oise, neuf députés sont à élire dans le cadre de neuf circonscriptions.

Élus

Rappel des résultats départementaux des élections de 1997

Résultats

Résultats au niveau départemental

Résultats par circonscription

Première circonscription (Pontoise)

Deuxième circonscription (Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône)

Troisième circonscription (Herblay)

Quatrième circonscription (Franconville)

Cinquième circonscription (Argenteuil)

Sixième circonscription (Sannois)

Septième circonscription (Montmorency)

Huitième circonscription (Sarcelles)

Neuvième circonscription (Gonesse)

Notes et références

Articles connexes

 Liste des circonscriptions législatives du Val-d'Oise
 Liste des députés du Val-d'Oise
 Élections législatives françaises de 2002

Val-d'Oise
Politique dans le Val-d'Oise

Élections législatives de 2002 dans le Val-d'Oise


التلفزة الرقمية الأرضية (DTT أو DTTV) هو نظام بث يستعمل موجات (ISDB-T,DVB-T,ATSC,DMB-T/H) من أجل بث التلفزات الهيرتزية (إشارة تماثلية) . والدول العربية التي تستعمل هذا النظام هي المغرب، وكان أول بلد عربي وإفريقي يعتمد التلفزة الرقمية سنة 2007، والسعودية والإمارات والجزائر وسوريا والكويت وتونس ومصر والمغرب.

خصائص
التلفزة الرقمية هي طريقة تعتمد على البث الرقمي الأرضي ترقم في الإشارات الحاملة للصورة والصوت، وتنسق في تدفق واحد، قبل أن يتم ترقيمها وبثها للمشاهد عبر الذبذبات، ويمّكن النظام الرقمي المرمز، وتعديل الصورة والصوت، من إرسال أكثر من محطة على قناة واحدة نحو الهوائيات الخارجية الموجودة. وتُمكن المشاهد من الولوج السهل لباقة من القنوات العامة والمتخصصة، والحصول على جودة رقمية عالية في الصوت والصورة مع إمكانية إقحام معطيات كالترجمة الفورية، أما بالنسبة إلى القنوات التلفزيونية فإن الإرسال الرقمي الأرضي يخول نقل البرامج الرقمية مع ضمان جودة عالية في الصوت والصورة، والاستفادة من البث الرقمي الأرضي بتكلفة أقل من البث التماثلي.

تاريخ
تعد بريطانيا رائدة في التلفزة الرقمية الأرضية، إذ أطلقت عام 1998 مسطحة رقمية تتميز بإرسال مضاعف ست مرات، وبدأت في ألمانيا عام 2002 من أجل انتشارها كلياً مع حلول 2010 وتوقيف النظام التماثلي سنة 2006 بالنسبة إلى مدينة برلين، وفي عام 2003 اعتمدت إيطاليا التقنية نفسها بإرسال مضاعف مرتين وتغطية تشمل 70 % من مجموع السكان. وانعقد المؤتمر الإقليمي للاتصالات الراديوية بجنيف سنة 2006 لاعتماد هذا النظام.

مستقبل
يعتبر كثيرون من اختصاصيي الإنترنت أن «أي بي تي في» (IP TV)، التي تختصر عبارة INTERNET PROTOCOL TV، هي الأوفر حظاً للانتشار في المستقبل المنظور، خاصة في منطقة مينا.

مراجع

تلفزة رقمية

تلفزة رقمية أرضية


Magnánimo puede referirse a:

Que tiene, indica o revela magnanimidad.
En ese sentido, epíteto usado por varios monarcas:
Pedro II de Brasil
Alfonso V de Aragón
Juan Federico I de Sajonia
Juan V de Portugal
Felipe I de Hesse
Ladislao I de Nápoles
Inca Roca
Carlos II de Alençon
Magnánimo (1754): Navío de línea de la Real Armada Española

Magnánimo