Zinc Alloy And The Hidden Riders Of Tomorrow é o quinto álbum de estúdio da banda de rock britânica T. Rex e o nono desde sua estreia como Tyrannosaurus Rex em 1968. Foi lançado em 1º de fevereiro de 1974 pela gravadora EMI. Foi o primeiro e único álbum a ser lançado sob o nome de "Marc Bolan & T. Rex".

Ao contrário de muitos dos álbuns anteriores do T. Rex, este não foi lançado na América do Norte; em vez disso, a gravadora lançou Light Of Love, apenas nos Estados Unidos, em agosto do mesmo ano, apresentando três faixas de Zinc Alloy, enquanto as músicas restantes apareceriam no próximo álbum da banda, Bolan's Zip Gun.

Zinc Alloy foi recebida com perplexidade pelo público ouvinte. Ele supostamente confundiu os ouvintes e dividiu a base de fãs da banda na época, enquanto a recepção crítica foi universalmente negativa. A reavaliação crítica foi um pouco mais favorável, mas continua sendo uma estranheza no cânone do T. Rex devido ao seu estilo incorporando influências de funk e R&B. O álbum alcançou o número 12 na parada de álbuns do Reino Unido.

Gravação
Marc Bolan foi um dos primeiros artistas ingleses a gravar na Alemanha, no Musicland Studios em Munique; as gravações mais básicas foram feitas em 1973 entre fevereiro e junho. Bolan estava insatisfeito com a recepção insuficiente para o single "20th Century Boy" e ansioso para experimentar instrumentalmente de maneiras que o trabalho pop anterior não havia permitido. Suas duas principais influências foram seu relacionamento com a musicista Gloria Jones e uma afeição pela música negra da estação de rádio que ele ouvia durante a turnê pelos Estados Unidos. O álbum foi mixado após o retorno da banda de sua turnê pelos Estados Unidos, no final da qual o baterista Bill Legend saiu. A mixagem foi difícil, pois Bolan era viciado em drogas. Ele queria manter o controle e não ouviu nenhum conselho de Visconti. Esta foi a última vez que Tony Visconti trabalhou com a banda.

A banda foi expandida, incorporou o segundo guitarrista, Jack Green, o músico de apoio B.J. Cole no pedal steel e os vocais de apoio 'The Cosmic Choir', uma dupla soul composta por Gloria Jones e Sister Pat Hall, às vezes com participação do irmão de Gloria, Richard.

Lançamento
O álbum foi lançado cinco semanas após o fim da turnê no Reino Unido. Ele alcançou o número doze na parada de álbuns do Reino Unido e o primeiro single, "Teenage Dream", alcançou a posição 13 na parada de singles.

Na época do lançamento no Reino Unido, a gravadora americana de Bolan, Reprise, o demitiu e ele estava lutando para encontrar outra gravadora americana para contratá-lo. Quando ele finalmente conseguiu um contrato com a Casablanca Records, ele gravou muito material novo, que a nova gravadora decidiu lançar junto com algumas faixas de Zinc Alloy como o álbum Light Of Love em setembro de 1974; assim, nem Zinc Alloy nem Bolan's Zip Gun foram lançados nos Estados Unidos durante a década de 70.

Recepção da crítica
Zinc Alloy foi mal recebido após o lançamento, com críticas "universalmente hostis". A imprensa britânica criticou T. Rex por copiar o título do álbum de The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, de Bowie, apesar de Bolan já ater falado em lançar trabalhos sob o pseudônimo de "Zinc Alloy" em meados da década de 60.

As revisões retrospectivas têm sido mais favoráveis. AllMusic elogiou a música "You've Got To Jive To Stay Alive" como "implausivelmente leve, mas impressionantemente cheia de groove". Em uma crítica avaliada em 7 de 10, Uncut escreveu: "Bolan, recém-encantado com a cantora Gloria Jones, dá mais vazão às influências do funk e do R&B, antecedendo em vários meses o interesse de Bowie e Elton John na música disco e no Philly soul". "Bolan ainda era claramente capaz de inspirar criatividade – as sombrias e distorcidas 'Explosive Mouth' e 'Change' são particularmente ótimas".

The Guardian escreveu que é "melhor do que sua reputação sugere". O crítico Alexis Petridis qualificou "Teenage Dream" como "floridamente elegíaco" e "suficientemente à frente da curva para começar a experimentar a música soul meses antes de Bowie lançar Young Americans". Petridis concluiu que Bolan "estava buscando uma espécie de efeito Wall of Sound e errando um pouco o alvo". Record Collector apelidou de uma "fusão musical notável".

O AllMusic escreveu que o Zinc Alloy antecedeu a mudança de estilo dos colegas de Bolan, dizendo: "músicas cheias de alma como essas não são simplesmente uma nova direção. Eles são os mesmos sinais que em breve estariam guiando tantos outros talentos do rock inglês por alguns lugares muito desconhecidos. Zinc Alloy foi lançado em março de 1974. Bowie começou a ensaiar para sua turnê Philly Dogs em julho".

Faixas

Equipe
T. Rex

 Marc Bolan – vocais, guitarra, produtor
 Mickey Finn – percussão
 Steve Currie – baixo
 Bill Legend – bateria

Músicos adicionais

 Danny Thompson – double bass
 B. J. Cole – pedal steel
 Jack Green – guitarra
 Lonnie Jordan – teclado
 The Cosmic Choir (Big Richard, Gloria Jones, Sister Pat Hall) – vocais de apoio

Produção

 Tony Visconti – produtor, arranjador, mellotron

Paradas

Ligações externas

Referências

Álbuns de 1974
Álbuns de soul
Álbuns de funk
Álbuns de T. Rex
Álbuns produzidos por Tony Visconti


La ligne S9 est une des dix-huit lignes de train de banlieue de l'agglomération barcelonaise. Elle relie Barcelone à Sant Vicenç dels Horts et dessert au total six communes sur le tracé de la ligne Llobregat - Anoia.

Elle est exploitée par les Chemins de fer de la généralité de Catalogne (FGC) comme ligne de renfort.

Historique
La ligne S9 est créée en  en lieu et place du service assuré à partir de  par la ligne S33 prolongée jusqu'à la gare de Quatre Camins. Elle puise ses origines dans la ligne du Nord-Ouest entre Barcelone et Martorell, ouverte en .

Caractéristiques

Ligne
La ligne parcourt les infrastructures de la ligne Llobregat - Anoia. Elle compte , dont neuf souterraines, et parcourt . Les rails sont à écartement métrique et la voie est double sur l'intégralité du trajet.

À partir de Plaça d'Espanya, elle dessert six communes : Barcelone, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Cornellà de Llobregat, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Santa Coloma de Cervelló et Sant Vicenç dels Horts, et partage son tracé avec la ligne L8 jusqu'à Molí Nou | Ciutat Cooperativa, la ligne S3 jusqu'à Can Ros, et les lignes S8, R5/50 et R6/60 jusqu'à son terminus de Quatre Camins.

Stations et correspondances

Exploitation

Matériel roulant
La ligne est servie par les rames de série 213 des FGC.

Horaires et tarification
La ligne sert à renforcer les services des lignes du trajet Llobregat - Anoia aux heures de pointe des jours ouvrés entre Plaça d'Espanya et Quatre Camins, à raison de trois trains par jour dans chaque sens de circulation.

Projets

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chemins de fer de la généralité de Catalogne
 Métro de Barcelone – Rodalies de Catalogne

Liens externes
 .

S9
Lignes régionales de Catalogne

Ligne S9 des FGC


Belle et Sébastien : Nouvelle Génération est un film français réalisé par Pierre Coré et sorti en 2022. Il s'agit d'une nouvelle adaptation de l'œuvre de Cécile Aubry, ici située dans le monde moderne.

Synopsis
Âgé de 10 ans, Sébastien est un garçon de la ville, passionné de skateboard. Il doit à contrecœur passer les vacances à la montagne, dans les Hautes-Pyrénées, chez sa grand-mère et sa tante. Il doit les aider à faire la transhumance. Le jeune garçon va faire la rencontre d'une grande chienne blanche  maltraitée par son maître. Bien décidé à sauver sa nouvelle amie, Sébastien va vivre une incroyable aventure.

Fiche technique

 Titre original : Belle et Sébastien : Nouvelle Génération
 Réalisation : Pierre Coré
 Scénario : Pierre Coré et Alexandre Coffre, d'après le roman de Cécile Aubry
 Musique : David Menke

 Décors : Philippe Chiffre
 Costumes : Marie-Laure Lasson
 Photographie : Gilles Porte
 Son : Antoine Deflandre
 Montage : Samuel Danesi
 Production : Clément Miserez, Mathieu Warter et Sidonie Dumas
 Sociétés de production : Radar Films, Gaumont (coproduction) et M6 Films (coproduction)
 Société de distribution : Gaumont Distribution (France)
 Budget : n/a
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur
 Genre : aventures
 Durée :
 Date de sortie :
 France :

Distribution

 Robinson Mensah-Rouanet : Sébastien
 Michèle Laroque : Corinne
 Alice David : Noémie
 Caroline Anglade : Cécile
 Syrus Shahidi : Gas
 Aurélien Recoing : Yves
 Lou Lambrecht : Salomé
 Noa Faure-Duval : Lucas
 Noam Grasset : Ladji
 Alois Pedrono : Clément
 Eloan Bernasconi-Straub : Dimitri
 Raphael Sevault : Ruppert
 Inès Pech : Emilie
 Samuel Mathieu : Serge

Production

Le tournage débute en août 2021 et s'achève en octobre de la même année. Il se déroule dans les Hautes-Pyrénées.

Accueil

Accueil critique
En France, le site Allociné donne une note de , après avoir recensé 6 articles de presse.

La presse ne s'est pas beaucoup intéressée au film au moment de sa sortie, mais elle reste globalement positive quant au film. Pour CNews, .

Pour le journal La Croix : .

Pour Le Parisien-Aujourd'hui en France : .

Box-office

Pour son premier jour d'exploitation, Belle et Sébastien : Nouvelle Génération réalise  (dont  en avant-première), pour 612 copies, se classant quatrième du box-office des nouveautés derrière Le Nouveau Jouet et devant Reprise en main (). Au bout d'une première semaine d'exploitation, le long-métrage familial réalise , pour une cinquième position, derrière Le Nouveau Jouet  () et devant Smile ().

En semaine 2, le long-métrage réalise  pour une neuvième place au classement du box-office français, derrière La Proie du diable (). La semaine suivante, Belle et Sébastien remonte dans le classement à la septième place avec  supplémentaires, derrière Le Nouveau Jouet () et devant Plancha ().

Distinctions

Sélections
 Festival du film francophone d'Angoulême 2022 : avant-premières.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Belle et Sébastien Nouvelle Génération sur Belle et Sébastien

Film français sorti en 2022
Film d'aventure français
Adaptation d'une série télévisée au cinéma
Adaptation d'un roman français au cinéma
Film de Gaumont
Film tourné dans les Hautes-Pyrénées
Film Belle et Sébastien


Avida is an artificial life software platform to study the evolutionary biology of self-replicating and evolving computer programs (digital organisms). Avida is under active development by Charles Ofria's Digital Evolution Lab at Michigan State University; the first version of Avida was designed in 1993 by Ofria, Chris Adami and C. Titus Brown at Caltech, and has been fully reengineered by Ofria on multiple occasions since then.  The software was originally inspired by the Tierra system.

Design principles

Tierra simulated an evolutionary system by introducing computer programs that competed for computer resources, specifically processor (CPU) time and access to main memory. In this respect it was similar to Core Wars, but differed in that the programs being run in the simulation were able to modify themselves, and thereby evolve. Tierra's programs were artificial life organisms.

Unlike Tierra, Avida assigns every digital organism its own protected region of memory, and executes it with a separate virtual CPU. By default, other digital organisms cannot access this memory space, neither for reading nor for writing, and cannot execute code that is not in their own memory space.

A second major difference is that the virtual CPUs of different organisms can run at different speeds, such that one organism executes, for example, twice as many instructions in the same time interval as another organism. The speed at which a virtual CPU runs is determined by a number of factors, but most importantly, by the tasks that the organism performs: logical computations that the organisms can carry out to reap extra CPU speed as bonus.

Use in research

Adami and Ofria, in collaboration with others, have used Avida to conduct research in digital evolution, and the scientific journals Nature and Science have published four of their papers.

The 2003 paper "The Evolutionary Origin of Complex Features" describes the evolution of a mathematical equals operation from simpler bitwise operations.

Use in education

The Avida-ED project (Avida-ED) uses the Avida software platform within a simplified graphical user interface suitable for use in evolution education instruction at the high school and undergraduate college level, and provides freely available software, documentation, tutorials, lesson plans, and other course materials. The Avida-ED software runs as a web application in the browser, with the user interface implemented in JavaScript and Avida compiled to JavaScript using Emscripten, making the software broadly compatible with devices commonly used in classrooms. This approach has been shown to be effective in improving students' understanding of evolution.
The Avida-ED project was the winner of the 2017 International Society for Artificial Life Education and Outreach Award.

See also

References
"Testing Darwin", Discover Magazine, February 2005.

External links
Avida Software - GitHub
Avida-ED Project - Robert T. Pennock
An Avida Developer's Site
MSU Devolab website

Scientific publications featuring Avida
 C. Adami and C.T. Brown (1994), Evolutionary Learning in the 2D Artificial Life Systems  Avida, in: R. Brooks, P. Maes (Eds.), Proc. Artificial Life IV, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 377-381.
 R. E. Lenski, C. Ofria, T. C. Collier, C. Adami (1999). Genome Complexity, Robustness, and Genetic Interactions in Digital Organisms.  Nature 400:661-664.
 C.O. Wilke, J.L. Wang, C. Ofria, R.E. Lenski, and C. Adami (2001). Evolution of Digital Organisms at High Mutation Rate Leads To Survival of the Flattest. Nature 412:331-333.
 R.E. Lenski, C. Ofria, R.T. Pennock, and C. Adami (2003). The Evolutionary Origin of Complex Features. Nature 423:139-145.
 S.S. Chow, C.O. Wilke, C. Ofria, R.E. Lenski, and C. Adami (2004). Adaptive Radiation from Resource Competition in Digital Organisms. Science 305:84-86.
 J. Clune, D. Misevic, C. Ofria, R.E. Lenski, S.F. Elena, and R. Sanjuán. Natural selection fails to optimize mutation rates for long-term adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes. PLoS Computational Biology 4(9): 2008.
 Clune J, Goldsby HJ, Ofria C, and Pennock RT (2011) Selective pressures for accurate altruism targeting: Evidence from digital evolution for difficult-to-test aspects of inclusive fitness theory. Proceedings of the Royal Society. pdf (archive)
 Benjamin E. Beckmann, Philip K. McKinley, Charles Ofria (2007). Evolution of an adaptive sleep response in digital organisms. ECAL 2007 pdf

Artificial life
Artificial life models
Digital organisms

Avida


සුරේන් චව්ලා ඉන්දියානු සිනමා නිළියක් සහ නර්තන ශිල්පිනියකි.  ඇය සිය වෘත්තීය ජීවිතය රූපවාහිනී සබන් ඔපෙරා සමඟ ආරම්භ කළ අතර පසුව චිත්‍රපටවල පෙනී සිටීම ආරම්භ කළාය. හේට් ස්ටෝරි 2 (2014), කැත (2013), පාර්ච්ඩ් (2015) සහ 24 (2016) වැනි චිත්‍රපට හා කතා මාලා වල චරිත නිරූපණය කළ ඇය තවත් බොහෝ චිත්‍රපට සමඟ ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත්විය. 2018 දී ඇය හක් සේ වෙබ් මාලාවේ දක්නට ලැබුණි .

චව්ලා රූපවාහිනියට පිවිසියේ ඉන්දියානු කතා මාලාවක් වන කාහින් ටූ හෝගා චිත්‍රපටයේ චාරු ලෙසය. ඇය 2008 දී රියැලිටි නැටුම් වැඩසටහනක් වූ ඒක් ඛිලාඩි ඒක් හසීනා සඳහා ද පෙනී සිටියේ ඉන්දීය ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩක එස් . ශ්‍රීශානත් සමගය. මෙයට පෙර ඇය 2004 දී කසුටි සින්ඩාගි කේ නම් රූපවාහිනී කතා මාලාවට පෙනී සිටියාය. 2006 දී ඇය කජ්ජල් නම් රූපවාහිනී කතා මාලාවේ ප්‍රධාන චරිත නිරූපණය කළාය. ඇය කොමඩි සර්කස් කේ සුපර්ස්ටාර්ස් නම් රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහන පැවැත්වීය.   ඉන්පසු ඇය සිනමාපටයට පිවිසියේ කන්නඩ චිත්‍රපටය වන පරමේෂා පන්වල විසිනි. 2011 දී ඇය ධර්ති නම් පන්ජාබි චිත්‍රපටයට පෙනී සිටියාය. ඉන්පසුව ඇය පන්ජාබි චිත්‍රපටවල ටාවර් මිත්‍රන් ඩී, සාදි ලව් ස්ටෝරි, සිං එදිරිව කෞර්, ලකී ඩී අන්ලකී ස්ටෝරි සහ ඩිස්කෝ සිං (2014) චිත්‍රපටවල පෙනී සිට ඇත. ඇය සිය පළමු අයිතම අංකය "ධෝකා ධෝකා" කළේ සජිඩ් ඛාන්ගේ හිම්මාත්වල චිත්‍රපටයේ ය.  2013 දී, ඇය පෙනී දෙමළ චිත්රපට Moondru එක් Moondru Kadhal ද පෙනී Puthiya Thiruppangal . පසුව ඇය අනුරග් කාශ්‍යප්ගේ ත්‍රාසජනක අග්ලි චිත්‍රපටයේ පෙනී සිටියාය.

2014 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී චව්ලා පන්ජාබි හි ජනප්‍රිය ගීතයක් වන 'මිත්‍රන් ද බූට්' සමඟ ජැසි බී සමඟ පෙනී සිටියේය.  2014 දී ඇය වෛෂල් පාණ්ඩ්‍යාගේ කාමුක පළිගැනීමේ ත්‍රාසජනක චිත්‍රපටයක් වන හේට් ස්ටෝරි 2 හි ද රඟපෑවාය. එය හේට් ස්ටෝරි (2012) හි අනුප්‍රාප්තිකය. එහිදී ඇය අපයෝජනය කළ අය සමඟ පළිගන්නා සොනිකා ප්‍රසාද් නම් තරුණියගේ චරිතය නිරූපණය කළාය. ශාරීරිකව හා මානසිකව මෙන්ම ඇගේ පෙම්වතා වන අක්ෂේ බෙඩි ( ජේ භානුෂාලි විසින් රඟපෑ) who ාතනය කළ මෙම චිත්‍රපටය ඇයගේ පළමු කාන්තා කේන්ද්‍රීය චිත්‍රපටය වූ අතර එය විවේචනාත්මක හා වාණිජමය වශයෙන් සාර්ථක විය.  එවිට ඇය ගීතය "Sawan Aaya හායි ශාස්තෘතුමිය" ප්රතිවිරුද්ධ පෙනී Rajneesh Duggal චිත්රපටයේ Creature 3D . ඇගේ නවතම දෙමළ චිත්‍රපටය වූයේ ජයිහින්ඩ් 2 ය . ඇය හින්දි චිත්‍රපටයේ වෙල්කම් බැක් හි "ටුටි බොලේ වෙඩින් ඩී" ගීතයක සහ ජිමී ෂර්ගිල් සමඟ පන්ජාබි චිත්‍රපටයක හීරෝ නාම් යාඩ් රාඛි හි පෙනී සිටියාය.   ඇය පාර්ච්ඩ් (2015) චිත්‍රපටයේ බිජ්ලිගේ චරිතය රඟපෑවාය. 2016 දී සර්වින් පෙනී සිටිමින් hala ලක් දික්ලා ජා සඳහා සහභාගී වූ නමුත් පසුව අර්ජුන් බිජ්ලානි සමඟ ද්විත්ව ඉවත් කිරීමකින් ඡන්දය ප්‍රකාශ කරන ලදී.

2018 දී චව්ලා ඩිජිටල් අවකාශයට පිවිසියේ ALT බාලාජිගේ වෙබ් මාලාවක් වන හක් සේ සමඟ රජීව් කන්ඩෙල්වාල් සමඟ ය . කැළඹිලි සහිත ත්‍රස්තවාදී කාශ්මීරයේ සැකසූ මෙම කතාව මිර්සා සහෝදරියන් වටා ය. මෙම කතා මාලාවේ සහෝදරියන් සිව්දෙනාගෙන් වැඩිමලා වන මෙහර් මිර්සා ලෙස සර්වින් රඟපායි.

චව්ලා 2015 දී ඉතාලියේදී අක්ෂේ තක්කර් සමඟ විවාහ විය. වසර දෙකකට පසු 2017 දෙසැම්බර් 27 දින ට්විටර් හරහා ඇය සිය විවාහ මංගල්‍යය ගැන හෙළි කළාය.

ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නිළියෝ
1984 උපත්
ජීවමාන ජනයා

සර්වීන් චව්ලා


Finlands kvindefodboldlandshold er det nationale fodboldhold for kvinder i Finland. Det administreres af Finlands fodboldforbund. Holdets hidtil største resultat var ved EM 2005 i England, hvor de overraskende nåede semifinalen i og imponerede kvindefodboldverdenen, efter at have slået både  og  i EM-turneringens gruppespil. Fire år senere var Finland, vært for EM-slutrunden i 2009.

Flere finske landsholdspillere har fortid i den danske Elitedivisionen, hvor markante profiler som Nora Heroum og Sanni Franssi der har optrådt for Fortuna Hjørring, Olga Ahtinen og Ria Öling der begge har spillet for Brøndby IF og Tiia Peltonen der siden 2021 har spillet for FC Nordsjælland.

Resultater

VM i fodbold for kvinder

EM i fodbold for kvinder

Aktuel trup
Den aktuelle trup for EM i kvindefodbold 2022 i England.

Cheftræner:  Anna Signeul

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Forbundets hjemmeside
FIFA profil

Kvindefodboldlandshold
Kvindefodboldlandshold

Finlands kvindefodboldlandshold


العظم المربعي هو عظم متصل بمشط اليد ويرتبط به العظم السنعي الأول وهو إحدى عظام الصف الثاني من عظام الرسغ والأول من جهة الإبهام.

مراجع

جهاز هيكلي
عظام الطرف العلوي
معصم

عظم مربعي


Hilda de Almeida Prado Hilst (April 21, 1930 – February 4, 2004) was a Brazilian poet, novelist, and playwright. Her work touches on the themes of mysticism, insanity, the body, eroticism, and female sexual liberation. Hilst greatly revered the work of James Joyce and Samuel Beckett, and the influence of their styles—like stream of consciousness and fractured reality—is evident in her own work.

Born in Jaú, São Paulo, Hilst graduated from the University of São Paulo in 1952. While studying there, she published her first book of poems, Omen (), in 1950. After a brief trip to Europe, Hilst was influenced by Nikos Kazantzakis' Report to Greco to move away from the São Paulo scene, as she secluded herself in an estate near the outskirts of Campinas. Deciding to devote her life to her literary creations, she constructed the House of the Sun (), where she would invite several artists and intellectuals to live in.

Writing forty works over her lifetime, she was one of the most profilic writers of her generation. Her works were mostly not well known outside of her home country until after her death, when several of her books were translated to English.

Life and career

Early years
Hilda de Almeida Prado Hilst was the only daughter of Apolônio de Almeida Prado Hilst and Bedecilda Vaz Cardoso. Her father owned a coffee plantation and also worked as a journalist, poet, and essayist. He was affected by schizophrenia throughout his life. Her mother came from a conservative Portuguese immigrant family. Her parents' conditions and their relations with mental health, greatly influenced Hilst's writing, with her including several experiences she had with her father in her books. Her parents separated in 1932 while she was still an infant, and three years later her father received the diagnosis of schizophrenia and thereafter spent much of his life in mental institutions. Her mother was also institutionalized at the end of her life, in the same instituion as her husband.

Hilst grew up in Jaú, a town in the state of São Paulo, with her mother and half brother from her mother's previous marriage. Hilst attended elementary and high school at Collegia Santa Marcelina in São Paulo before enrolling in a bachelor's degree program at Mackenzie Presbyterian University. Before starting college, Hilst's mother told her of her father's condition, and Hilst went to visit him for the first time in a mental institution.

After graduating from Mackenzie, Hilst began studying for her second degree at the law school at the University of São Paulo, where she would meet her lifelong friend Lygia Fagundes.

Early career
Hilst published her first book of poetry in 1950, Omen (), which received great acclaim from her contemporaries like Jorge de Lima and Cecília Meireles. It wasn't long before she published her second book, Ballad of Alzira () in 1951. That same year Hilst took over guardianship of her father. Later in 1957, Hilst began her seven-month tour of Europe, traveling through France, Italy and Greece. There, she briefly dated singer-actor Dean Martin and impersonated a journalist, in an attempt to meet Marlon Brando. She asked him about his thoughts on Franz Kafka's works, to which he dismissively replied, "I won't think about Mr. Kafka".

Upon her return to São Paulo, she settled in the Sumaré neighborhood, and was frequently in the company of other artists, such as Gilka Machado and Bráulio Pedroso. However, after reading Nikos Kazantzakis' Report to Greco, and being influenced by its themes of self-isolation to achieve knowledge of the human being, Hilst decided to leave São Paulo in 1964 and return to her childhood home in Campinas.

She ordered the construction of a new house on the same property, nicknamed the House of the Sun (), which she personally designed to be an artistic space for inspiration and creativity. When it was completed in 1966, she moved into the house with sculptor Dante Casarini, with whom she had a relationship prior to. In September of the same year, her father died.

Theater and prose
At the House of the Sun, Hilst was particularly prolific as she started writing her first theather works, completing nine plays and one poetry compilation between 1967 and 1969. She married Casarini in 1968. Although the marriage only lasted twelve years, the two continued to live together in the House of the Sun. Hilst lived somewhat secluded in Campinas for the rest of her life, accompanied by other artists. The House of the Sun became a hub for artists and writers, who were invited to spend time there and enjoy the creative atmosphere. Two prominent artists to do so were Bruno Tolentino and Caio Fernando Abreu. During her time at the House of the Sun, Hilst also engaged in her own experiments with electronic voice phenomena, an electronic recording method that supposedly interprets the voices of the dead. In 1969, she built a second home, the . Her theater writings finished in the same year, with her turning instead to prose fiction with her experimental text  a year later.

Later years
In the 1980s, due to increasing financial pressure from a lack of book sales, Hilst participated in the  (Artist-in-Residence program), at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, being the first artist to do so. The program was conceived as a way for students to meet established authors. She later held other teaching positions at the university.

Hilst published Lori Lamby's Pink Notebook () in 1990, the first book of a pornographic tetralogy. She announced her "goodbye to serious literature" in the 1990s because she was "irritated by the meager reaching of her writing".

A number of Hilst's books were originally published by smaller Brazilian publishers, but beginning in 2001, Editora Globo, the publishing branch of the Brazilian media organization Globo, began reissuing nearly all her works, as part of its . She stopped writing in the same year, telling an interviewer that she had said everything she wanted to say.

Death
Hilst died on February 4, 2004, in Campinas at the age of 73. She had been hospitalized at the Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp since January 2, following surgery for a fractured femur. Her health sharply declined after contracting an infection, aggravated by a chronic heart and pulmonary condition, before she eventually passed away due to multiple organ failure. Following her death, Hilst's friend Mora Fuentes created the Hilda Hilst Institute in her honor, an organization whose mission is to uphold the House of the Sun as a space for artistic creation and serves as a library and cultural center. Author Yuri Vieira, who lived in the House of the Sun for two years, wrote a book about his experiences there.

After her death, Hilst garnered more fame among English language readership as several of her novels were translated to the language, such as With My Dog Eyes, The Obscene Madame D., and Letters from a Seducer.

Themes
Hilda Hilst wrote for almost 50 years, publishing forty books over her lifetime. The different periods of her life are reflected in the phases of her work: she began as a poet, publishing  in 1950, through the time before she moved into the House of the Sun; around the death of her father and her marriage, she started publishing and staging plays in 1967; and shifted into prose in 1970, with her experimental text . Throughout her career, beginning in 1958 with Adoniran Barbosa, musicians selected poems of hers to be set to music. Relatively obscure in her lifetime, her work has since been extensively studied and analyzed after her death. She has been highly referenced in books, magazines, academic journals, and others.

In several of her writings Hilst tackled politically and socially controversial issues, such as obscenity, queer sexuality, and incest. The tetralogy that comprises Lori Lamby's Pink Notebook () and Tales of Derision: Grotesque Texts () (1990);  (1991); and  (1992), includes overtly pornographic material, if not pornography per se. Her pornographic work started as a response to the minimal popularity her previous works had with the general audience. She explored theological issues in her work as well, particularly regarding God and the "search of the divine". Other common themes in her writings include madness, old age, love, and death.

In Hilst's prose fiction, she employs several narrative features to build the narrative, including passages of metanarrative discourse; soliloquies; simulacra of dramatic theatrical texts; colloquial register of regional linguistic variants; words, expressions and quotations from foreign literary works in the language of origin – in English and Latin; stream of consciousness and fractured reality; sparse notes; poems; letters and questions addressed directly to the reader. She was greatly influenced by the works of James Joyce and Samuel Beckett, whom she greatly revered.

Honours
In 1962 she won the Prêmio PEN Clube of São Paulo, for  (Massao Ohno Editor, 1962). In 1969, the play  took the Prêmio Anchieta, one of the most important in the country at the time. The Brazilian Association of Art Critics (APCA Prize) deemed  (Edições Quíron, 1977) the best book of the year. In 1981, Hilda Hilst won the , by the same association. In 1984, the  awarded her the Jabuti Prize for , and the following year the same book claimed the Prêmio Cassiano Ricardo (Clube de Poesia de São Paulo). , published in 1993, took the Jabuti Prize for best short story, and finally, on August 9, 2002, she was awarded at the 47th edition of Prêmio Moinho Santista in the poetry category.

Translation
Some of Hilst's texts have been translated from Brazilian Portuguese to French, English, Italian and German. In March 1997, her works  and  were published by Éditions Gallimard, translated by Maryvonne Lapouge. The latter was translated into English as The Obscene Madame D collaboratively by Nathanaël and Rachel Gontijo Araújo, and published jointly by Nightboat Books in New York and A Bolha Editora in Rio de Janeiro in 2012. In 2014, Letters from a Seducer, John Keene's translation of the 1991 novel , was published by Nightboat Books and A Bolha Editora, and With My Dog Eyes, Adam Morris's translation of Hilst's 1986 novella , was published by Melville House.

Publications

Poetry
  (Omen). São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais (1950)
  (Ballad of Alzira). São Paulo: Edições Alarico (1951)
  (The Festival Ballad). Rio de Janeiro: Jornal de Letras (1955)
  (Script of Silence). Rio de Janeiro: Anhambi (1959)
  (Troves of Love for a Beloved Gentleman). São Paulo: Anhambi (1960)
  (Fragmentary Ode). São Paulo: Anhambi (1961)
  (Seven Songs from the Poet to the Angel). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1962)
  (Poetry). São Paulo: Editora Sal (1967)
  (Jubilation, Memory, Novitiate of the Passion). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1974)
  (From Death. Minimal Odes). São Paulo: Massao Ohno/Roswitha Kempf (1980)
  (Poetry). São Paulo: Ed. Quíron/INL (1980)
  (Songs of Loss and Predilection). São Paulo: Massao Ohno/M. Lydia Pires e Albuquerque (1983)
  (Damned, Joyful and Devout Poems). São Paulo: Massao Ohno/Ismael Guarnelli (1984)
  (Upon Your Great Face). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1986)
 . São Paulo: Massao Ohno. (1989)
  (Alcoholics). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1990)
 . São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1992)
  (Of Desire). Campinas: Pontes (1992)
  (Songs of the Nameless and of Departures). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1995)
  (Of Love). São Paulo: Edith Arnhold/Massao Ohno (1999)

Prose fiction
 . São Paulo: Perspectiva (1970) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2001)
 . São Paulo: Edart (1973) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2001)
  (Fictions). São Paulo: Quíron (1977)
  (You Don't Move from Yourself). São Paulo: Cultura (1980) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2004)
  (The Obscene Miss D). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1982) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2001) . English translation: The Obscene Madame D. Callicoon: Nightboat (2012)
  (With My Dog Eyes and Other Novels). São Paulo: Brasilense (1986) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2012) . English translation: With My Dog-Eyes. New York City: Melville House (2014)
  (Lori Lamby's Pink Notebook). São Paulo: Massao Ohno (1990) /
  (Tales of Mockery: Grotesque Texts). São Paulo: Siciliano, (1990) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2001)
 . São Paulo: Paulicéia (1991) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2001) . English translation: Letters from a Seducer: Callicoon: Nightboat (2012)
 . Campinas: Pontes (1993) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2003)
  (Being. Having Been). São Paulo: Nankin (1997) / São Paulo: Editora Globo (2006)
  (Hooves and Caresses: Collected Chronicles). São Paulo: Nankin (1998)

Theater
  (The Business (the Possessed)) (1967)
  (The Rat in the Wall) (1967)
  (The Visitor) (1968)
  (Camiri's Boat) (1968)
  (The New System) (1968)
  (Night Birds) (1968)
  (The Headsman) (1969)
  (The Death of the Patriarch) (1969)

Further reading
 Bueno, M. A., & Hilst, Hilda (1996). Quatro mulheres e um destino: Hilda Hilst, Fernanda Torres, Fernanda Montenegro, Eliane Duarte. Rio de Janeiro, UAPE.
 Pécora, Alcir (org.), Luisa Destri, Cristiano Diniz, and Sonia Purceno (2010). Por que ler Hilda Hilst.  São Paulo: Editora Globo.
 Querioz, Vera. (2000). Hilda Hilst: três leituras. Editora Mulheres.
 Siqueira de Azevedo Filho, Deneval (2007). A bela, a fera e a santa sem a saia: ensaios sobre Hilda Hilst.  Vitória: GM Gráfica e Editora.

Notes

References

External links

1930 births
2004 deaths
Brazilian women poets
Brazilian people of German descent
University of São Paulo alumni
People from Campinas
Writers from São Paulo (state)
20th-century Brazilian poets
20th-century Brazilian women writers
Brazilian women novelists
20th-century Brazilian novelists
Brazilian women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Brazilian dramatists and playwrights

Hilda Hilst


Ingrid Redlich-Pfund (* 1947 in Gratwein, Österreich) ist eine deutsche Malerin und Grafikerin.

Leben

Ingrid Redlich-Pfund studierte Malerei und Grafik an der Universität Essen/Folkwangschule und der Europäischen Akademie für Bildende Kunst in Trier. 1989 erhielt sie den Kunstpreis des Landkreises Fürstenfeldbruck. Sie lebt und arbeitet in Eichenau. Ihre Bilder hängen u. a. in Budrio, Eichenau und Washington, D.C.

Die Künstlerin ist Mitglied der Künstlervereinigung Fürstenfeldbruck sowie des BBK München und Oberbayern.
Auf ihrer Webseite gibt die Künstlerin näher Auskunft über sich.

Werke

2003 waren im Besitz der Gemeinde Eichenau die Bilder "Cirulla", "Ohne Titel" und "Der Manager".

Ausstellungen

Ingrid Redlich-Pfund beteiligte sich seit 1981 an zahlreichen Ausstellungen.

 Eichenau, 2007, sechs getriebene Messingbleche in der Ausstellung EichenArt des Kulturvereins FreiRaum e. V.

Literatur
 Harwick W. Arch: Die Malerfamilie Redlich in Innsbruck. in: Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum. Band 79, Innsbruck 1999, S. 55–78, Abschnitt über Ingrid Redlich-Pfund ab S. 75 ().

Weblinks
 Vorstellung mit Bild bei myheimat.de
  Ausstellung im Landratsamt

Einzelnachweise

Maler (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1947
Frau
Grafiker (Deutschland)

Ingrid Redlich-Pfund


باب الجنيق أحد أبواب مدينة دمشق القديمة - سوريا

الموقع
يقع بين باب السلام وباب توما، وكانت عنده كنيسة حولت إلى جامع، أُقفل الباب ومع ذلك ما زالت بعض آثاره على جدار سور دمشق ظاهرة للعيان ولا سيما القوس التي كانت تعلو الباب.

الجهة الشمالية للسور
ويلاحظ أن عدد أبواب مدينة دمشق في الجهة الشمالية أكثر منه في الجهات الأخرى، لعدم إمكان توقع هجوم من هذه الجهة وذلك بسبب الحماية التي توفرها فروع نهر بردى وقنوات المياه (بردى وفروعه العقرباني والدعياني) إضافة لصعوبة التضاريس الناتجة عن سفوح جبل قاسيون.

انظر أيضا
 أبواب دمشق القديمة

أبواب دمشق
حضارة سوريا
دمشق القديمة

باب الجنيق


Yehuda Arye Leon Bibás (în engleză  - Judah Bibas, în ebraică יהודה אריה ליאון ביבאס, n. circa 1789 Gibraltar – d.6 aprilie 1852 Hebron, Palestina, Imperiul Otoman) a fost un rabin, cabalist și medic evreu sefard originar din Gibraltar, care a activat la Livorno, în Italia (Marele Ducat al Toscanei), și ca rabin al evreilor din Corfu, Grecia, pe atunci sub protectorat britanic, unul din precursorii sionismului modern.

Biografie

Bibás s-a născut în 1789 în colonia britanică Gibraltar ca fiu al unei familii sefarde, evrei descendenți ai celor izgoniți din Spania în anul 1492 și care au găsit pentru o bucată de timp azil în Maroc. Unul din străbunii săi materni a fost rabinul Haim Ibn Attar (1696 - 1743). Tatăl său, Shmuel Bibas , învățat, cantor (Hazan) și poet liturgic, era urmașul unei dinastii de rabini din Tetouan care a emigrat în Gibraltar  prin anul 1759, după un pogrom împotriva evreilor care s-a produs în urma invadării orașului de către Spania. Bibas a studiat în copilărie în Gibraltar, iar după moartea tatălui sau, s-a mutat în orașul italian Livorno, în Marele Ducat al Toscanei, unde locuia bunicul său matern . La Livorno exista o comunitate evreiască prestigioasă. Bibas a primit acolo o solidă educație iudaică și generală, învățând și medicina. Apoi s-a întors la Gibraltar unde a deschis o școală religioasă superioară iudaică - ieshivá. Școala sa a fost frecventată de elevi din Anglia, Italia și Africa de Nord.
În 1810 Bibas a vizitat prima dată Londra unde l-a întâlnit pe faimosul om de afaceri și filantrop Sir Moses Montefiore. El a găzduit adesea și a fost în legatura cu emisari ai comunităților evreiești din Palestina care veneau la Livorno - precum Shlomo Zalman Tzoref, care a acționat pentru numirea lui Bibas ca rabin sefard al Amsterdamului, Israel Moshe Hazan, și rabinul Yehuda din Ragusa.

Rabinul Bibas vorbea fluent engleza, spaniola, italiana și ebraica, și în afara sarcinilor de rabin, se îndeletnicea și cu practica medicală.
În 1831 el a fost numit șef rabin al evreilor "italieni" din Corfu.
In aceasta calitate a condus instituții scolare și a supravegheat din punct de vedere al ritualului alimentar iudaic (kashrut) calitatea fructelor de chitră (etrog), utilizate de evrei în sărbătoarea Sukkot și care erau un însemnat obiect de export al insulei.

Activitatea pre-sionistă
În anii 1839-1840 Bibas a întreprins o călătorie prin Europa. În cursul vizitelor în numeroase comunități evreiești pe continent  (în Turcia, Balcani, la Viena, în Germania, Ungaria, la Praga etc)
El i-a chemat pe evrei să plece in Palestina și să se stabilească acolo. El a fost unul din primii rabini purtând acest mesaj. Planul său era de a-i convinge pe evreii din întreaga lume de a veni în Palestina, de a cuceri tara din mâinile Otomanilor și de a pune acolo bazele unei societăți evreiești renăscute.
În acelaș an l-a întâlnit la Zemun pe Yehuda Alkalai, care i-a devenit discipol. Bibas a chemat la abolirea obiceiului "haluká" de a intreține pe evreii palestinieni din pomeni din întreaga lume evreiască și la reabilitarea  acestora prin muncă și auto apărare.

Emigrarea în Palestina
În 1852, la un an după moartea soției, Rahel, Bibas s-a stabilit în Palestina, fiind întâmpinat acolo de discipoli de-ai săi din Jaffa. Apoi s-a așezat la Hebron, unde a întemeiat o școală religioasă (midrash) și o mare bibliotecă. El a murit în mod subit la 63 ani, la două luni după sosirea în Palestina și a fost înmormântat în vechiul cimitir evreiesc din Hebron, astăzi în sectorul C din Teritoriile Palestiniene.
După câte se pare, copiii săi, Haim și Yehoshua  , au decedat în timpul vieții sale. Colecția lui de cărți iudaice a trecut după moartea sa în patrimoniul Școlii religioase sefarde "Kolel Hasfaradim" din Hebron.

Învățătura lui
Rabinul Bibas a fost o figură ieșită din comun printre rabinii din epoca sa. El gândea că efortul spiritual Teshuvá necesar pentru mântuire nu stă în posturi, pocăință și rugăciuni, ci in revenirea concretă a evreilor în Țara Israelului (Palestina istorică).
Asemenea cu discipolii rabinului Gaon Eliyahu din Vilna (Hagra), Bibas era de părere ca trezirea cerului depinde în mare măsură de trezirea oamenilor din lumea de jos în ceea ce privește viitoarea mântuire a poporului Israel.
Bibas a fost inspirat și de pilda războiului de eliberare a poporului elen de sub jugul Imperiului Otoman (1821-1832) și credea că și evreii vor trebui să elibereze Palestina prin mijloace militare din mâinile Imperiului Otoman.
Călători scoțieni, Andrew Bonar și Robert Murray M'Cheiyne, care l-au cunoscut au povestit ca Bibas le-a spus ca evreii trebuie să se perfecționeze în științe și în mânuirea armelor pentru a smulge Palestina de sub stăpânirea turcească sub conducerea Mântuitorului, așa cum au făcut elenii.
Bibas a scris o culegere de poezii, poeme liturgice și rugăciuni, precum și sentințe religioase care au rămas înscrise în registrul comunității evreiești din Corfu. Nu au rămas de la el alte cărți scrise.
Discipolul său, rabinul Yehuda Alkalai a fost și el unul din precursorii sionismului. El a emigrat în Palestina otomană în anul 1874 și a dezvoltat învățătura lui Bibas.

In memoriam
Comunitatea evreilor din Hebron obișnuia să prăznuiască anual amintirea rabinului Bibas în noaptea sărbătorii de Iom Kipur.
O stradă în cartierul Nahlaot din Ierusalim, în Israel, îi poartă numele.

Lecturi suplimentare
David Benvenisti, Hayyim Mizrahi - Rabbi Yehuda Bibas and the Community of Corfu during his Lifetime Sefunot: Studies and Sources on the History of the Jewish Communities in the East /ספונות: מחקרים ומקורות לתולדות קהילות ישראל במזרח © 1958 Yad Izhak Ben Zvi /יד יצחק בן-צבי
Andrew Bonar, Robert Murray M'Cheyne "Mission of inquiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland", Presbiterian Board of Publication, 1839 Philadelphia

Legături externe
Yael Weiler - Religion, Nationalism and a new Annonciation

Note

\

Evrei italieni
Rabini sefarzi
Medici evrei
Sionism
Rabini greci
Rabini italieni
Rabini din Imperiul Otoman
Gibraltar

Yehuda Bibas


Das United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners ist ein Gefängniskrankenhaus für Insassen der US-amerikanischen Bundesgefängnisse.

Es liegt in Springfield, Missouri an der Kreuzung der West Sunshine Street (Missouri Route 413) und dem Kansas Expressway (Missouri Route 1). Das Medical Center wird vom Justizministerium der Vereinigten Staaten betrieben und für dieses durch das Federal Bureau of Prisons verwaltet. Es ist eins von sechs Krankenhäusern, die sich um die Behandlung von Gefangenen der Bundesgefängnisse kümmern.

Geschichte
Die Einwohner von Springfield traten der Bundesregierung Land ab, damit diese das Gefängnis bauen konnte. 1930 beschloss der Kongress den Bau des Gefängnisses. 1933 begann der Betrieb. 1941, 1944 und 1959 gab es Revolten von Gefangenen.

Bekannte Insassen

In der Fiktion
In der Fernsehserie Die Sopranos wird der Gangster John "Johnny Sack" Sacramoni ins MCFP Springfield gebracht, wo er stirbt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 MCFP Springfield at the Federal Bureau of Prisons
 MCFP Springfield on Google Maps
 Historic postcards of MCFP Springfield at the Springfield-Greene County Library

Bundesgefängnis der Vereinigten Staaten
Krankenhaus in den Vereinigten Staaten
Bauwerk im Greene County (Missouri)
Erbaut in den 1930er Jahren
Springfield (Missouri)
Organisation (Greene County, Missouri)
Gefängnis in Missouri
Unternehmen (Missouri)


An Xanthosoma maximiliani in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Xanthosoma maximiliani in nahilalakip ha genus nga Xanthosoma, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Xanthosoma

Xanthosoma maximiliani


Nyssa may refer to:

People
 Gregory of Nyssa (335–395), 4th-century Christian bishop, theologian, and saint
 Nyssa (Doctor Who), a fictional character in Doctor Who
 Nyssa Raatko, an adversary of the DC Comics character Batman
 NYSSA (musician), Canadian singer and songwriter

Places
 Nyssa (Alexander), a town spared by Alexander the Great in his invasion of Central Asia
 Nyssa (Cappadocia), a Roman city and bishopric
 Nyssa (Caria), a Hellenistic city, Asian Turkey
 Nyssa (Lycia), an ancient city, Asian Turkey
 Nyssa, Oregon, a city in the United States

Other
 Nyssa (plant), the genus name for tupelo trees
 New York State Snowmobile Association
 New York State Sociological Association

See also
 Neisse (disambiguation)
 Nisa (disambiguation)
 Nissa (disambiguation)
 Nisse (disambiguation)
 Nysa (disambiguation)

Nyssa


Tange peut faire référence à :

Gens:

 Arthur Tange (1914–2001), haut fonctionnaire australien
 Jun Watanabe Tange ou Watanabe Jun (né en 1954), architecte japonais, ancien professeur à l'université de Chubu
 Kenzo Tange (1913–2005), architecte japonais, lauréat du prix Pritzker d'architecture 1987
 Klaus Tange (né en 1962), acteur danois de théâtre, de cinéma et de télévision
 Sakura Tange (née en 1973), idole japonaise, doubleuse et chanteuse
 Tange Sazen, épéiste fictif de la littérature et du cinéma japonais

Géographie:

 Tange Bolaghi ou Tangeh Bolaghi, vallée d'importance archéologique en Iran avec 130 anciennes colonies
 Tange Promontory, péninsule couverte de glace juste à l'ouest de Casey Bay sur la côte d'Enderby Land

Autre:

 Tange International Co., fabricant de tubes de cadre de vélo

Voir aussi

 Dange (homonymie)
 Tang (homonymie)
 Tanga (homonymie)
 Tangi (homonymie)
 Enchevêtrement (homonymie)
 Tango (homonymie)
 Tonge (homonymie)

Tange


INFRA, eig. Marius Braun ist ein in Berlin lebender Produzent und DJ, der die Musikstile Dubstep und Drum and Bass produziert und auflegt.

Musik
Seine Musikstücke klingen düster und sind,  wie für den meisten Dubstep charakteristisch, eher minimalistisch geprägt.  Durch die Kombination von selbstkreierten Sounds und dem Sampling klanglicher Elemente aus Science-Fiction-Filmen erzeugen die Stücke häufig eine futuristische Stimmung. INFRA verwendet in seinen Produktionen oft die im Dubstep typische Half-Step-Rhythmik, die er noch durch treibende Hi-Hats ergänzt. Seine musikalischen Einflüsse finden sich vornehmlich in genreverwandten Musikstilen, wie Techstep, Dubstep, Drum- und Neurofunk.

Veröffentlichungen
Neben Veröffentlichungen auf den Labels F4TMusic, Highscore Publishing und Shadowforces hat INFRA bereits exklusive Gast-Mixe für die in der Szene bekannten Blogs J'aime Le Dubstep aus Kanada und Kongkretebass aus Hong Kong, sowie für das englische Musik Magazin Kmag (ursprünglich Knowledge Magazine) aufgenommen.

Diskografie

Alben & EPs
 Station 403 EP (Shadowdub 2012)
 Sonic EP (F4TMusic 2011)

Singles
 Sentry Drone (F4TMusic 2008)

Remixes
 Species "Distance Operation" (Shadowforces 2012)
 The Unlimiters "Loophole" (Highscore Publishing 2011)

Auf Samplern
 We Call It Dubstep Vol.02 (Heavy Bassweight 2012)
 Heavy Bassweight Vol.01 (Heavy Bassweight 2012)
 Dubstep Next Generation (Le Bien Et Le Mal 2011)
 Drum'n'Bass Area (Le Bien Et Le Mal 2011)
 Swaraaj: The Revolution Is Within (Times Music 2008)

Einzelbelege

Weblinks
 Soundcloud-Seite des Musikers

 Last FM-Seite des Musikers

DJ
Musikproduzent
Dubstep-Musiker
Pseudonym
Deutscher
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

INFRA (Musiker)


Bønderne er en kortfilm fra 2007 instrueret af Christiane Hector efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Idealistiske løjtnant Niels har lovet sine rekrutter at vinde milliongevinsten ved en dyst på ærlighed i realityshowet Bønderne. Imidlertid er Niels' regelrette ærlighed sat ud af kraft på bondegården, og hvis Niels vil vinde millionen og medfinalisten Sandra, må han snyde for første gang i sit liv.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2007
Kortfilm fra Danmark

Bønderne (film)


Draculaș, vampirul iepuraș (în engleză: Bunnicula) este un serial de animație american produs de către Jessica Borutski și Maxwell Atoms, și produs de studioul de animație Warner Bros. Animation. Este bazat pe seria de cărți pentru copii cu același nume de către James Howe și Deborah Howe. În Statele Unite, premiera a avut loc pe Boomerang și pe Cartoon Network pe data de 6 februarie 2016.

Premiera în România a serialului ar fi trebuit să fie pe canalul Boomerang pe data de 23 mai 2016, însă din cauza unor probleme tehnice premiera a fost mutată pe data de 20 iunie 2016.

Premisă
Serialul urmărește aventurile comice ale lui Draculaș, vampirul iepuraș care – în loc de a savura lichidul roșu, mult râvnit de orice vampir – savurează sucul de morcovi și de legume. Acest suc îl ajută să dobândească abilități supranaturale. Draculaș a fost în trecut animalul de companie al lui Dracula, însă mai târziu acesta a fost găsit de o fată pe nume Mina, într-o cameră încuiată din pivniță. Iar acum iepurașul trăiește alături de Mina și de celelalte animale de companie ale sale, și anume câinele Harold și motanul Chester.

Personaje

 Draculaș (în engleză: Bunnicula) - Draculaș este personajul principal al serialului, este un iepure vampir, și fost animal al lui Dracula. Acesta are câteva trăsături de vampir, cum ar fi să se ascundă de soare, să doarmă în sicriu, să zboare cu aripi de liliac. El nu poate vorbi româna prea bine (dar Harold îl înțelege întotdeauna). Lui Draculaș îi pasă foarte mult de Mina chiar dacă tinde să cauzeze nebunii ce duc la condiții supranaturale. De asemenea, orice altă legumă înafară de morcov îi cauzează diferite reacții (de exemplu dovlecelul îi mărește picioarele, iar usturoiul îl transformă pur și simplu într-un iepuraș schelet).
 Harold - Harold este celălalt animal de companie al Minei, și un câine maro. Acesta îi iubește foarte mult pe Chester și Draculaș, și pe Mina, dar nu prea pare a fi foarte deștept. De asemenea el spune că are câteva trăsături de copoi rusesc.
 Chester - Chester este pisica siameză a Minei. El este deseori iritat de Draculaș și speriat de lucrurile supranaturale și monștrii din jurul său și al prietenilor săi. Înăuntrul său Chester este gelos pe Draculaș.
 Mina - Mina este stăpâna de 14 ani a lui Chester, Harold și Draculaș care tocmai s-a mutat în New Orleans din America de Mijloc împreună cu tatăl ei. Se vede încă din generic că ea este cea care l-a eliberat pe Draculaș din închisoarea sa din sicriu cu o cheie pe care i-a dat-o mătușa ei, Marie. Mătușă Marie le-a lăsat un apartament lui Mina și tatălui ei, în care trăiește în prezent. Mama Minei nu apare niciodată și nici nu este menționată.
 Arthur - Arthur este tatăl Minei. Fața lui este nevăzută dar nu chiar toată ci doar ochi săi dar el spune întrebări cu gura zâmbareață. Dar întotdeauna acoperă ochi cu diferite lucruri. Întotdeauna spune la diferite întrebări doar în America.

Alte personaje
 Marsha - Marsha este prietena Minei. Ea este speriată de lucrurile supranaturale la fel ca Chester.
 Becky - Becky este și ea prietena Minei.
 Scufia Roșie - Piticul este un pitic de grădină pe care Becky l-a cumpărat de la magazinul doamnei polidori. El în episodul "Neinvitat" a vrut să mănânce aceste 3 fete pentru că era flămând. El a vrut să mănânce aceste 3 adolescente cu ajutorul cărți Bucuria de a găti Oameni. De câte ori dacă pui scufia roșie pe pitic este pericol și este interzis să intre Draculaș în casa lui Becky și dacă ei scufia este din nou neînsuflețit și s-a terminat. El nu vorbește doar râde malefic.
 Barbara - Barbara este mama lui Becky.
 Scott Dingleman - Scott este prietenul Minei.
 Lugosi - Lugosi este un porcușor de guineea și un fost prieten al găurii celor nedemni. El îl confundă pe Draculaș ca un stăpân pentru el dar acum este fostul stăpân, dar stăpânul din prezent este Marsha.

Episoade
Episoadele 53 ("Three Heads Are Better Than One") și 59 ("Jurassicnicula") au fost interzise de a fi difuzate în România, din cauza conținutului neadecvat și exagerat din intermediul scenelor acestora.

Legături externe

Seriale de animație
Seriale de televiziune din 2016
Personaje de desen animat
Boomerang
Cartoon Network
Desene animate produse de Warner Bros.

Draculaș, vampirul iepuraș (serial)


පොදු ජන එක්සත් පෙරමුණ හෙවත්  පොදු පෙරමුණ (පොපෙ) යනු 1994 දී ඇරඹුනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දේශපාලන පක්ෂ පෙරමුණකි.

එය පහත පක්ෂ වලින් සමන්විත විය:
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය
 ලංකා සම සමාජ පක්ෂය
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා මහජන පක්ෂය
 බහුජන නිදහස් පෙරමුණ
 දේශ විමුක්ති ජනතා පක්ෂය
 ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී එක්සත් ජාතික පෙරමුණ

පොදු ජන එක්සත් පෙරමුණ (ශ්‍රී ලංකාව)


Hagen-Haspe, Almanya'nın Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaletinde, Hagen kentine bağlı idari bölge. Adı, 12'nci yüzyıldan itibaren belgelerde geçmeye başlar. Prusya kralı, 20 Aralık 1873'te Haspe'ye berat verilmesini kararlaştırdı. Bu tarihte Haspe'nin nüfusu 9.800'dü. Ancak 1 Ağustos 1929'da Haspe'nin Boele, Fley, Halden, Herbeck, Holthausen ve Vorhalle ile birlikte Hagen'e bağlanması kararlaştırıldı. Böylece 56 yıl aradan sonra kent beratı geri alınmış oldu. Haspenin içinden Ennepe nehri akmaktadır.

Önemli mekânlar
Haspede açık hava yüzme havuzu bulunmaktadır. Değişik spor kulübleri bulunmaktadır. Ve yine 1985 yılında kurulmuş DITIB Sultan Ahmet Cami derneği hizmet vermektedir.

Önemli Kişiler
 Paul Freytag (* 1873 Haspe de; † 1954), alman ressam
 Hermann Höhn (* 27. Aralık 1912 Haspe de; † 22. Ekim 1997), protestan papaz
 Ernst Meister (Yazar) (* 3. Eylül 1911 Haspe de; † 15. Haziran 1979), Yazar

Notlar ve Kaynakça

Haspe
Kategorie:Ehemalige Gemeinde (Hagen)

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi site
 İkinci Dünya Savaşı'na Nazilerce zorunlu çalışmaya tabi tutulanlarla ilgili tarihi dökümanlar
 Resmi site
 Haspe Derneği
 Hasper Portalı
 Haspe Web Günlüğü

Hagen'in semtleri

Hagen-Haspe


Hrvatske pučke novine je bio hrvatski tjednik koji je izlazio u Sarajevu na hrvatskom jeziku. Uredništvo i uprava nalazili su se u Koroščevoj ulici br. 15. Prvi brojevi 1921. godine koštali su 2 K. Prvi broj ovih novina izašao je kao 1921. godine, a u zadnjoj godini izlaženja, 1923., izašla su tri broja. Urednik od br. 43/1922. bio je Janko Šimrak. Tiskane su u Hrvatskoj tiskari u Sarajevu. Izdavač je bio Hrvatska pučka stranka za Bosnu.

Ostalo
Identifikator COBISS.BH-ID 24163846.

Izvori

Hrvatski tjednici
Tiskani mediji na hrvatskom jeziku u Bosni i Hercegovini
Sarajevski tiskani mediji

Hrvatske pučke novine (Sarajevo)


A thurible (via Old French from Medieval Latin ) is a metal censer suspended from chains, in which incense is burned during worship services. It is used in Christian churches including the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Assyrian Church of the East and Oriental Orthodox, as well as in some Lutheran, Old Catholic, United Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian Church USA, and Anglican churches (with its use almost universal amongst Anglo Catholic Anglican churches). In Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican churches, the altar server who carries the thurible is called the thurifer. The practice is rooted in the earlier traditions of Judaism in the time of the Second Jewish Temple.

Beyond its ecclesiastical use, the thurible is also employed in various other spiritual or ceremonial traditions, including some Gnostic Churches, Freemasonry (especially in the consecration of new lodges), and in Co-Freemasonry. Thuribles are sometimes employed in the practice of ceremonial magic.

The workings of a thurible are quite simple. Each thurible consists of a censer section, chains (typically three or four, although single-chain thuribles also exist), a metal ring around the chains (used to lock the lid of the censer section in place), and usually (although not always) a removable metal crucible in which the burning charcoals are placed. Many thuribles are supplied with a stand, allowing the thurible to be hung safely when still hot, but not in use. Burning charcoal is placed inside the metal censer, either directly into the bowl section, or into a removable crucible if supplied, and incense (of which there are many different varieties) is placed upon the charcoal, where it melts to produce a sweet smelling smoke. This may be done several times during the service as the incense burns quite quickly. Once the incense has been placed on the charcoal the thurible is then closed and used for censing.

A famous thurible is the huge Botafumeiro in Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain.

Etymology
The word thurible comes from the Old French , which in turn is derived from the Latin term . The Latin  is further formed from the root , meaning 'incense'.  is an alteration of the Ancient Greek word  (), which is derived from  () "to sacrifice".

Roman Rite

The Roman Missal, as revised in 1969, allows the use of incense at any Mass: in the entrance procession; at the beginning of Mass to incense the cross and the altar; at the Gospel procession and proclamation; after the bread and the chalice have been placed upon the altar, to incense the offerings, the cross, and the altar, as well as the priest and the people; at the elevation of the host and the chalice after the consecration. In Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament and Eucharistic Adoration in the Roman Rite, incense is also used, and is required if the Blessed Sacrament is exposed in a monstrance rather than being in a ciborium. Incense is also burnt on the altar during its consecration by a bishop in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church.

The number of swings of the thurible to be used when incensing persons or objects is specified in the General Instruction of the Roman Missal:
Three double swings: the Most Blessed Sacrament, a relic of the Holy Cross and images of the Lord exposed for public veneration, the offerings for the sacrifice of the Mass, the altar cross, the Book of the Gospels, the Paschal Candle, the priest, and the people.

Two double swings (and only at the beginning of the celebration, after the incensing of the altar): relics and images of the Saints exposed for public veneration.
A series of single swings: the altar.
The priest may incense the offerings for Mass by tracing a cross over them with the thurible instead of using three swings of the thurible.

The responsibilities of a thurifer include:
Holding the thurible open to enable the priest to put incense in it, after which he blesses it with the Sign of the Cross without using any formula of words.
Carrying the thurible in procession (gently swinging if needed to keep the charcoal burning).
Presenting the thurible to the priest or deacon when they need to use it.
Incensing (in the absence of a deacon) the priest after the priest has incensed the offering at Mass.

Another server, previously called a boat boy and now more commonly a boat bearer, may carry a boat or container of incense with a small spoon to add grains as the thurible burns low.

These rules, except for the manner of incensing the offerings at Mass, applied also before 1969. Earlier editions of the Roman Missal prescribe that the offerings be incensed by forming over them with the thurible three crosses and then three circles, the first two anticlockwise and last clockwise, while also saying a prescribed prayer with the words matching the strokes. They also direct that incensing the altar be done with single swings at 29 designated points of an altar attached to the rear wall of the sanctuary, and at 22 points of a freestanding altar.

The 1960 Code of Rubrics, incorporated into the 1962 Roman Missal, envisaged the use of incense at Solemn Mass and Missa cantata, but not at Low Mass.

Ambrosian Rite
In the Ambrosian Rite, the thurible has no top cover, and is swung clockwise before censing a person or object.

Anglicanism

Use of incense was abandoned in the Church of England by the turn of the 19th century and was later thought to be illegal. Today, the use of incense in an Anglican church is a fairly reliable guide to churchmanship, that is, how 'high' (more Catholic in liturgical style) or how 'low' (more Protestant) the individual church is. Anglo-Catholic churches may use generous quantities of incense. In recent years, some middle-of-the-road Anglican churches have taken to using incense a few times a year for special occasions. The use of incense and chimes is colloquially called "smells and bells" by members of high church parishes, some as an inside joke, while others see it as a pejorative.

The number of points within the liturgy at which an Anglican church may use incense varies. If incense is used at the entrance procession, a thurifer holding the smoking thurible leads the procession and on arrival at the altar the bishop or priest presiding censes it either immediately after the introit or during the Gloria in excelsis Deo, if this is sung. Incense may also be used at the reading of the gospel: after the announcement of the gospel, the book is censed left, centre and right.

If an Anglican church uses incense at only one point of the service, it does so at the offertory. The gifts and the altar are first censed; then follows censing of the priest (three swings of the thurible), of the other clergy (single swing to the gospel side and another to the epistle side), the choir (single or triple swing to either side) and the congregation (a swing to the gospel side, another to the epistle side and another to the middle).

Incense is also used at Solemn Evensong, which by definition is a sung celebration of vespers with use of incense.

Byzantine Rite
The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches make frequent use of incense, not only at the Divine Liturgy (Eucharist), but also at Vespers, Matins and a number of other occasional services (see Euchologion). During funeral services and memorial services (Panikhida), the censer is swung almost continuously.

Incense is understood as symbolizing the sanctifying grace of the Holy Spirit and the prayers of the Saints rising to heaven. Incense is offered by the priest or deacon during the services. In some traditions, the ecclesiarch (sacristan) and his assistant (paraecclesiarch) will perform the censing at specific moments of the service.

The thurible (, ; Church Slavonic: Кадило,    Кадильница, ) is usually silver, brass or gold plated (combining in itself at the offering of incense the three gifts of the Biblical Magi: gold, frankincense, and myrrh). The thurible consists of a metal bowl (usually with a base so it can stand upright) into which the charcoal and incense are placed, and a lid (often topped with a cross), pierced by holes to allow the fragrance from the incense to escape.  The censer will usually have three outer chains (for the Holy Trinity) attached to the bowl, and a fourth inner chain (for the Oneness of God) attached to the lid. The three outer chains are gathered together and attached to a round conical plate attached to a ring; the inner chain passes through a hole in the conical plate and is attached to another ring to make it easier to lift the lid.  In the Greek and some Russian practice twelve bells will be attached to the chains (their ringing symbolizes the teaching of the twelve Apostles). Sometimes the bowl and lid of the thurible are decorated with crosses or icons in repousse, and may even be decorated with semi-precious stones. When not in use the thurible is usually hung from a hook in the sanctuary.

When censing, the priest or deacon holds the censer below the conical plate with only one hand (the right hand) allowing it to swing freely. He will make the Sign of the Cross with the censer by making two vertical swings and a third horizontal swing (the three swings together symbolizing the Holy Trinity).

When the temple (church building) is censed, the priest or deacon will move in a sunwise (clockwise) direction, moving to his right as he censes in order the Holy Table (altar), sanctuary, Iconostasis, walls of the temple, clergy and faithful. There are two types of censing: a Greater Censing (which encompasses the entire temple and all of the people therein), and a Lesser Censing (which, depending upon the liturgical context, consists of censing only a portion of the temple and the people).

During some censings, especially the Greater Censing, the clergyman who is performing the censing will often carry a candle in his left hand. During Bright Week (the week which begins on Easter Sunday) the priest and the deacon will carry special Paschal candles at every censing, even the Lesser Censing. While carrying the Paschal candles, the priest or deacon will greet the members of the congregation with the Paschal greeting while censing them. Simple tapers are carried while censing during funerals and memorial services.

During the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) the emperor used to be permitted to offer incense on the Feast of the Nativity (no doubt as a memorial of the gifts of the Magi), but was permitted to perform no other priestly function.

If no priest is available, incense may be offered by a reader or senior layman, but with a hand censer which has no chains on it, but rather a handle (it often has bells as well, suspended from the handle or around the rim). The hand censer is also used in some monasteries even when a priest is present for certain censings which are done by a monastic other than a vested priest or deacon.

During Holy Week it is customary in some places for even the priest and deacon to use the hand censer for all of the censings, as a sign of humility and mourning at the Passion of Christ.

The faithful will often burn incense, using a hand censer, in the home during Morning and Evening Prayers, and it is not unusual for the head of the household to bless the Holy Icons and all of the members of the household with a hand censer.

Boat boy

The boat boy or boat bearer is a junior altar server position found in Catholic and Anglican churches. The role of a boat boy is to assist the thurifer, the senior altar server who carries the thurible. The boat bearer carries the , a small metal container, Latin , which holds the supplies of incense. The boat has a small spoon inside which is used to transfer the grains of incense onto the red-hot charcoals in the thurible. Although at times the boat bearer transfers the incense himself, more usually he simply holds the boat open as the priest performs this task.

References in culture and literature
In "The Miller's Tale" of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, it is noted that Absolon, " [Middle English spelling of censer] " (lines 3340–3342).

See also
 Botafumeiro
 Censer
 Incense offering
 Religious use of incense

References

External links

 Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.

 Images of the Thurible used during Mass at All Saints' Church, King's Lynn
 About Censing rubrics, Orthodox Church in America

Christian religious objects
Eucharistic objects
Incense equipment

Thurible


891 - 892 - 893 - 894 - 895 - 896 - 897 - 898 - 899
Aceasta este o Listă a conducătorilor de stat din anul 895:

Europa
Anglia: Alfred cel Mare (Ælfred) (c. 849 – 26 octombrie 899) a fost rege anglo-saxon al regatului Wessex din 871 pînă în 899.
Mercia (Engleză veche: Mierce, "oamenii graniței") a fost unul dintre regatele medievale anglo-saxone ale heptarhiei.
Asturia: Regatul Asturiei (în latină Regnum Asturorum) a fost un regat din Peninsula Iberică fondat în 718 de nobilul vizigot Pelagius de Asturia
Bavaria Inferioară:
Bavaria Superioară:
Bizanț: Leon VI Filozoful/ Înțeleptul (19 septembrie, 866 - 11 mai, 912), a fost împărat bizantin între 886 și 912.
Bosnia:
Bretagne:
Bulgaria: Simeon (sau Simon) I cel Mare (Симеон I Велики, transliterat Simeon I Veliki) a fost un domnitor al Bulgariei între 893 și 927, în timpul Primului Imperiu Bulgar.
Burgundia: Rudolf I
Comitatul de Toulouse: Odo
Francia Răsăriteană: Arnulf de Carinthia (, ) (850-8 decembrie 899) a fost rege al Franciei Răsăritene din 887 și Împărat al Imperiului Carolingian în 894 până la moartea sa
Comitatul Flandra: Balduin al II-lea de Flandra (n. cca. 865 – d. 10 septembrie 918), supranumit Calvus (cel Pleșuv) a fost cel de al doilea conte de Flandra , domnind de la 879 până la moarte
Ducatul de Saxonia: Otto I de Saxonia (sau Oddo, supranumit cel Ilustru) (n. cca. 851 – d. 30 noiembrie 912) a fost duce de Saxonia de la 880 până la moarte
Italia: Guido Spoleto (cca. 880-15 octombrie 898) a fost Rege al Italiei din 891 și Împărat al Imperiului Carolingian din 892 împreună cu tatăl său Guido al III-lea Spoleto și duce de Spoleto și Camerino de la moartea acestuia în 894. (italienischer König nur bis 896 - dann folgte Arnulf von Kärnten, der zudem auch Gegenkaiser wurde)
Statele Papale: Papa Formosus a fost papă al Romei între 891 și 896
Ducatul de Neapole: Athanasie sau Athanasius sau Anastasius (d. 898) a fost episcop de Napoli (ca Athanasius al II-lea) și duce de Neapole Dux, de asemenea numit și magister militum sau hypatus de la anul 878 până la moartea sa
Principatul de Salerno: Guaimar I (de asemenea, Waimar, Gaimar sau Guaimario) (n. cca. 855 – 901) a fost principe longobard de Salerno de la 880
Toscana: Adalbert al II-lea (n. cca. 875–d. 915, supranumit cel Bogat, a fost markgraf de Toscana de la 886 până la moarte)
Rusia Kieveană: Oleg din Novgorod (limba slavă: Олег, limba nordică veche: Helgi, limba hazarilor: Helgu) a fost un prinț vareg (sau konung), care a domnit peste tot sau o parte a poporului Rus' la începutul secolului al zecelea. Potrivit unei cronici est-slavică, Oleg a fost domnitorul suprem al Rusilor între 882 - 912. Rusia Kieveană a fost fondată de Oleg (Helgu în cronicile hazare) pe la anul 880.
Scoția: Domnall mac Causantín (decedat în 900), cunoscut și ca Donald al II-lea, a fost regele Picților sau regele Scoției la sfârșitul secolului al IX-lea. El a fost fiul lui Constantin I.
Donald a devenit rege la moartea sau detronarea lui Giric, la o dată necunoscută, însă este plasată undeva în anul 889.
Regatul Ungariei: Árpád (850–907) a fost primul conducător al Ungariei. În jurul anilor 890, șapte triburi proto-maghiare l-au ales pe Árpád lider comun în Etelköz (regiunea celor cinci fluvii, dintre care trei au fost identificate în mod sigur - Nistru, Siret, Prut - celelalte putând fi Nipru și Bug). 20 de ani a fost liderul triburilor (în maghiară fejedelem). Din 860 triburile proto-maghiare sub conducerea lui Árpad s-au hotărât definitiv să treacă Munții Carpați. În 896 au ocupat partea Tisei trecând spre vestul Europei, iar în 900/901 s-au așezat în Panonia.
Țara Galilor: Gwynedd

895
895

Listă de conducători de stat din 895


Iuliu Ardelean (n. 1888 Ocna Șugatag, Maramureș) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918 .

Biografie
Iuliu Ardelean a urmat studiile la Universitatea teologică, fiind hirotonit preot în 1913; a fost ales membru al Consiliului Național local și a murit în închisoarea din Pitești.

Note

Bibliografie

 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară

 Ioan I. Șerban, Nicolae Josan (coord.), Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Editura Altip, 2003.
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Legături externe

  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
  1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații

Vezi și

 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1888
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Protopopi români

Iuliu Ardelean


Gates to Purgatory debitanski je studijski album njemačkog heavy metal-sastava Running Wild. Diskografska kuća Noise Records objavila ga je 26. prosinca 1984. Tekstovi na albumu govore o sotonizmu, ali i o anarhiji i libertarijanizmu.

Prodan je u više od 235 000 primjeraka. Godine 2012. diskografska kuća Lemon Records ponovno je objavila album, a pet godina poslije objavio ga je Noise Records.

Popis pjesama

Zasluge

 Running Wild

 Rock'n Rolf – vokal, gitara
 Preacher – gitara, prateći vokal
 Stephan – bas-gitara
 Hasche – bubnjevi

 Ostalo osoblje

 Horst Müller – snimanje
 D. Magnussen – fotografije
 Malbuch – tipografija

Izvori

Albumi iz 1984.
Albumi sastava Running Wild

Gates to Purgatory


Christian-Albrechts háskólinn í Kíl (þýska: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, skammstafað CAU), í stuttu máli kallaður Háskólinn í Kíl, er háskóli í borginni Kíl í Þýskalandi. Fleiri en 20.000 nemendur ganga í háskólann og nálega 600 manns starfa þar. Af þeim sökum er hann stærsti, elsti og virtasti háskólinn í sambandslandinu Slésvík-Holtsetalandi.

Kristján Albert, hertogi Holstein-Gottorp að nafnbót, stofnaði skólann þann 5. október 1665. Fyrst um sinn hét skólinn Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis. Þá var borgin Kíl staðsett í gottorpska hluta hertogadæmisins Holtsetalands. Orðtak skólans, Pax optima rerum, á rætur að rekja til þessa tíma og þýðir stafrétt "friður er hið besta." Orðtakið kemur fram á innsigli skólans.

Háskólar í Þýskalandi
Háskólar í Slésvík-Holtsetalandi
Stofnað 1665
Kíl

Christian-Albrechts háskólinn í Kíl


An Helictotrichon requienii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Pierre Auguste Victor Mutel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johannes Jan Theodoor Henrard. An Helictotrichon requienii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Helictotrichon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Helictotrichon

Helictotrichon requienii


USS Willapa (AVG-53/ACV-53/CVE-53) was a  escort carrier (originally an auxiliary aircraft carrier) built during World War II for the United States Navy. Never seeing American service, the ship was transferred to the United Kingdom as part of Lend-Lease. The escort carrier was renamed HMS Puncher (D79)  of the British  and crewed by the Royal Canadian Navy with aircrew from the Fleet Air Arm. Primarily used as an aircraft transport, Puncher took part in operations along the Norwegian coast towards the end of the war. Following the war the ship was converted for mercantile service and renamed Muncaster Castle, Bardic and Ben Nevis, before being broken up in 1973.

Design and description

The Bogue class were larger and had a greater aircraft capacity than all the preceding American-built escort carriers. They were also all laid down as escort carriers and not converted merchant ships. The Ruler type vessels were essentially a repeat version of the . Based on the Type C3 design, the Ruler class were acquired by the Royal Navy as part of Lend-Lease after delays in the construction of the , which the Royal Navy had intended to acquire. All the vessels in the class had a complement of 646 officers and ratings and an overall length of , a beam of  at the waterline and  total with a mean draught of . The escort carriers had a standard displacement of  and a deep load displacement of . Propulsion was provided by one shaft turned by an Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbine powered by two Foster Wheeler boilers, rated at , which could propel the ship at maximum . The escort carrier could carry  of fuel oil and had a maximum range of  at  or  at maximum speed.

Aircraft operations were commanded from a small combined bridge–flight control on the starboard side of the ship. The flight deck was  long and  wide. The H4C hydraulic aircraft catapult was capable of launching  aircraft at . To receive aircraft the ship was equipped with nine arrestor wires capable of taking  aircraft at , backed up by three aircraft barriers. Two aircraft elevators accessed the hangar, with the forward elevator being  long by  wide and the aft elevator being 34 feet wide and 42 feet long with both capable of taking  aircraft. Aircraft could be housed in the  hangar below the flight deck. However, the sloping contour of the hangar combined with the elevator arrangement made handling and storage of aircraft difficult and time-consuming. The escort carriers could store  of avgas. They had a maximum aircraft capacity of twenty-four aircraft which could be a mixture of fighter and anti-submarine (ASW) aircraft, though up to 90 could be ferried.

Armament comprised two Mark 9 /51 calibre guns, eight twin-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns, fourteen twin-mounted 20 mm Oerlikon cannon and seven single-mounted 20 mm Oerlikon cannon. Since the escort carriers came as part of Lend-Lease, they retained their American radar systems, with the SG  surface radar and the SK  air search radar.

Construction and career
Willapa was laid down on 21 May 1943 at Seattle, Washington, by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation and reclassified CVE-53 on 10 June 1943. Willapa was launched on 8 November 1943. The ship was completed and transferred under lend-lease to the Royal Navy on 5 February 1944 and commissioned as HMS Puncher with the pennant number D79. On 15 March 1944, Puncher arrived at Vancouver to undergo conversion to Royal Navy standards. The British Admiralty had determined that, post-World War II, the Royal Canadian Navy would have its own aircraft carriers. For this reason, Puncher and  were crewed by Royal Canadian Navy personnel to establish the knowledge base for the future carriers. However, as the Royal Canadian Navy lacked trained air personnel, the aircrew was from the Fleet Air Arm. Puncher remained under British control due to stipulations in the Lend-Lease act that prevented the Royal Navy from transferring Lend-Lease equipment to a third party.

Puncher spent the war in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. In June 1944, the escort carrier transported motor launches from New Orleans to New York. The following month, the ship transported United States Army Air Force aircraft from Norfolk, Virginia, to Casablanca in North Africa, then returned to Norfolk. From there, Puncher made two more ferry trips, taking the Vought Corsairs meant for 1845 Naval Air Squadron to the United Kingdom. Following the ferry trips, Puncher put in for repairs to builder's defects. On 21 November 1944, Puncher embarked 821 Naval Air Squadron for trials in the Clyde area. However, on 22 November, the ship suffered a main gear failure and was forced to return to port for repairs. The gearbox proved too damaged for repair, and her sister ship, Nabob, had been laid up at Firth of Forth due to being torpedoed off Norway in August 1944, so a gearbox was removed from Nabob and installed aboard Puncher.

On 1 February 1945, Puncher joined the British Home Fleet at Scapa Flow, embarking 881 Naval Air Squadron in Grumman Wildcats and 821 Naval Air Squadron in Fairey Barracudas. Initially serving in a training role, within the year, Puncher was re-tasked to both airstrike and convoy air protection (CAP), as the damaged Nabob had been decommissioned. Punchers CAP service included protection of six different Arctic convoys on the Murmansk/Arkhangelsk route. Operations also included strikes against German occupied Norway, hitting industrial and shipping targets such as the steel works at Narvik. On 11 February, Punchers Wildcats formed part of the fighter escort for a minelaying airstrike along the western coast of Norway. The escort carrier's aircraft then provided fighter cover for a British minesweeping mission clearing German-laid mines along the Norwegian coast. On 24 March, Punchers aircraft took part in an airstrike in the area of Trondheim. A second strike was planned for 3 April but was cancelled due to bad weather. Beginning on 25 June 1945, following the surrender of Germany, Puncher was utilized as a troop transport, carrying Canadian soldiers back to Canada. Her hangar had bunks welded into them and was used in this role until the end of 1945.

Paid off on 16 February 1946 at Norfolk, Virginia and returned to American custody that day, the escort carrier was struck from the Navy Registry on 12 March 1946, having never seen active service with the United States Navy. The vessel was initially sold to William B. St. John, of New York City, on 9 January 1947. The ship was subsequently resold to the British firm J. Chambers & Co on 4 February 1947 and converted for mercantile service. The ship reappeared as Muncaster Castle in 1949 and was renamed Bardic in 1954. The vessel was sold to Ben Line Steamers in 1959 and renamed Ben Nevis (sometimes spelled as Bennevis). The vessel sailed under that name until she was sold for scrap and broken up at Kaoshiung, Taiwan on 11 June 1973 by Swie Horng Steel Enterprise Co.

Notes

Citations

References

External links

Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
Ruler-class escort carriers
Ships built in Seattle
1943 ships

Aircraft carriers of Canada

HMS Puncher (D79)


يوشينوري كيتاسي ، و.
من مواليد 23 سبتمبر 1966 وهو منتج ألعاب فيديو وكاتب سيناريو ألعاب في السابق و مخرج ألعاب فيديو ياباني يعمل لدى شركة سكوير إنيكس سابقاً سكوير.

سيرته
كيتاسي التحق بالعمل في الشركة في عام 1991.وكان له دور ملحوظ كمخرج ألعاب فاينل فانتسي 6 و كرونو تريجر و فاينل فانتسي 7
و فاينل فانتسي 8 وعمل في وقت لاحق كمنتج لفاينل فانتسي 10 و فاينل فانتسي X-2 ويعمل حاليا على دا ثيرد بيرث دي (The 3rd Birthday) كمنتج تنفيدي وعلى فاينل فانتسي XIII كمنتج.كيتاسي هو رئيس سكوير انيكس فريق الإنتاج 1.

أعماله

روابط خارجية

مصادر

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من سكوير إنكس
فاينل فانتسي
مخرجو ألعاب فيديو
مخرجو ألعاب فيديو يابانيون
مصممو ألعاب فيديو
مصممو ألعاب فيديو يابانيون
منتجو ألعاب فيديو
منتجو ألعاب فيديو يابانيون
مواليد 1966
يابانيون

يوشينوري كيتاسي


حي المصانع، هي قرية تاريخية في عارض اليمامة. تقع حالياً بجوار مدينة الرياض الحديثة في المملكة العربية السعودية جنوب الطريق الدائري الجنوبي مخرج (22)، وتتبع إدارياً لبلدية الشفا الفرعية. كانت المصانع حتى منتصف القرن العشرين بلدةً مستقلّة قبل أن يشملها التمدد العمراني لمدينة الرياض.

جغرافيا
تقع المصانع في حي الشفا على وادي حنيفة، جنوباً عن منفوحة، وكانت تاريخياً بلدةً زراعية تقوم على زراعة النخيل والفاكهة في باطن وادي حنيفة، واشتقّ اسمها من مصانع الماء، ومفردها (مصنع) أو (صِنْع)، وهي قنوات في بساتين النخل يجري فيها الماء لسقي النخيل، ولعل من أشهر النخيل المعروفة فيها: مرزه للمسابحه (المصابحه)، الدعيجى، الكويخة لآل حشر، العليا، مصدة للدروع، أم الهراس، نخل الشيوخ أم ماجد والدة ماجد بن عبدالعزيز حيث كان قبل ذلك لآل زيد، والقصر، والسويلة، ولوذة للشماسا، نخل السويح وال شويرد ونخيل الهدهود  ونخيل سليطينه ونخل المغيصيب ونخل أبو علي العمران ونخل الدرسوني ونخل ال شلهوب

التاريخ
المصانع بلدة قديمة قائمة بهذا الاسم قبل ظهور الإسلام، ورد في معجم البلدان لياقوت الحموي (توفي 623 هـ): «والمصانع أيضا قرية من قرى اليمامة التي لم تدخل في صلح خالد بن الوليد أيام قتل مسيلمة الكذاب وهو نخل لبني ضور بن رزاح قاله الحفصي.» وجاء في (صفة جزيرة العرب) للهمداني (توفي 334 م): «ثم ترجع إلى بطن العرض فالفارعة فالموصل لبني يشكر ثم المصانع لضور ثم منفوحتان وهما المنافيح لبني قيس بن ثعلبة ثم محرقة لبني زيد بن يربوع. ثم القرية الخضراء خضراء حجر التي التقطها عبيد بن ثعلبة بن الدول ولم يشرك فيها أحداً.»

وفي مطلع القرن العشرين، يصف دليل الخليج (1908 م) البلدة كالتالي: «تقع على الشفا الشرقي لوادي حنيفة، ثلاثة أميال أسفل منفوحة. تمتد أراضي القرية على جانبي الوادي. الماء قريب من السطح، وتتواجد أشجار الفاكهة المعتادة والحبوب، وربما عشرة آلاف نخلة، وبساتين المصانع تتصل ببساتين منفوحة.» وقدّر المؤلف سكانها بمائة بيت.

أما عن إمارة هذه البلدة، فلقد تولاها منذ عهد فيصل بن تركي أسرة الزمامي وأبرز امرائهم سلطان الزمامي

مساجد المصانع
 مسجد المصانع الواقع ضمن قلعة المصانع في الجهة الغربية الشرقية منه، وهو مبني من اللبن والطين، وأما سقفه من الخشب، وأعمدته من الحجر، وكان سطحه مفروش بالحصباء كطريقة بناء المساجد آنذاك، وفي الثلث الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجري أمر الملك عبدالعزيز ووالده الإمام عبد الرحمن بتوسعة هذا المسجد، وفي سنة 1375هـ أمر الملك سعود بإعادة بناء المسجد من جديد بناءً مسلحاً، وزاد في مساحته من الجهة الجنوبية بمقدار 15 م، كما أُزيل ما حوله من منازل بعد تثمينها، وقد أُدخلت عليه التحسينات كما حصل في عام 1417هـ.
 مسجد فيحان وهو مسجد جامع يصلى فيه جميع الاوقات مع صلاة الجمعة وهو في المنطقة الجنوبية من البلدة.
 مسجد القصر في منطقة القصر وقد ام المصلين فيه الشيخ بن مخيلد وبعده جاء الشيخ حسن بن عبد الله بن طلحه.
 مسجد سليطنية وهو مسجد صغير يصلى فيه جميع الاوقات ماعدا الجمعة وقد ام المصلين فيه لمدة طويلة الشيخ عبد الله بن صالح الحركان.
 مسجد ال شويرد وقد ام المصلين فيه عبد الله بن عيسى ال شويرد ومن بعده ابنه محمد بن عبد الله ال شويرد.
 مسجد الصفيه وقام بأمامة المصلين فيه الشيخ عبد الله الباهلي.
 مسجد البريك وقد ام المصلين فيه عبد الله السكيني ومن بعده سليمان بن درع.
 مسجدالامام فيصل بن تركي وقد ام المصلين فيه الشيخ بن سعيدين.
 مسجد المسبحي
 مصلى العيد بوادي البطحا

إحياء المصانع
 القصر: وهو الحي القديم وبه قصر الأمارة ويحيط به الأسوار والأبراج وقد اندثر كثير منه خلال السنوات القليلة، وفيه مسجد القصر المشهور بالبلدة ولا تزال أحد البوابات (الدروازه) صامده مع سقوط أجزاء منها.
 فيحان: وهو في الجنوب الشرقي من البلدة وقد أنشئت في أوائل القرن الرابع عشر الهجري.
 الكويخة: وهو في الاصل نخل لآل حشر وآل قباع وال منصور ويوجد نخيل لغيرهم كآل الشيخ وغيرهم، وفي كل نخل يوجد بيت ويسمى عند أهل نجد (قصر) لاصحاب النخل، يقع في الجنوب الغربي من البلدة.
 الحليلة: وقد اندثرت.

انظر أيضًا
 أحياء الرياض

المصادر
 عبد الله بن سليمان الدرع، «بلدة المصانع وشيء من عبق التاريخ»، جريدة الرياض، العدد 13990 13 أكتوبر 2006
 سلطان بن عبد الله الزمامي، «تعقيب: حول بلدة المصانع وشيء من عبق التاريخ»، جريدة الرياض، العدد 14298، 17 أغسطس 2007 م

مراجع

أحياء الرياض
العارض
إقليم اليمامة

حي المصانع (الرياض)


Maior Gheorghe Șonțu a fost o vedetă torpiloare fluvială din clasa "Căpitan Nicolae Lascăr Bogdan", aflată în înzestrarea marinei militare române, din perioada Primului Război Mondial.

Date tehnice
A făcut parte - alături de vedetele torpiloare Căpitan Nicolae Lascăr Bogdan, Căpitan Mihail Romano, Maior Dimitrie Giurescu, Maior Constantin Ene, Maior Nicolae Grigore Ioan, Locotenent Dimitrie Călinescu și Căpitan Walter Mărăcineanu - dintr-o serie de opt nave similare, comandate de statul român la șantierele navale "Thames Iron Works & Shipbuilding Co." din Londra, în perioada 1907-1908.
Nava avea un deplasament de 51 tone, fiind înzestrată cu un tun de 47 mm Skoda, o mitralieră Maxim de 6,5 mm și două lansatoare de torpile.

Participarea la operații

Primul Război Mondial
La declararea mobilizării din 1916, vedeta torpiloare Maior Gheorghe Șonțu era comandată de locotenentul Gheorghe Dumitrescu .
În perioada participării României la Primul Război Mondial, nava a participat la operațiuniel Flotilei de Dunăre executând misiuni de sprijin a forțelor pe timpul Bătăliei de la Turtucaia și a  a acțiunilor militare din Dobrogea.
În partea a doua a campaniei nava a participat la misiunile de apărare a Deltei Dunării.

Note

Bibliografie
 Dabija, Gheorghe(general), Armata română în răsboiul mondial (1916-1918), vol.I-IV, Tipografia "Lupta" N. Stroilă, București, 1932-1936
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român, vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989

Vezi și
 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial
 Marina română în Primul Război Mondial

Nave militare române din Primul Război Mondial
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial

Maior Gheorghe Șonțu (vedetă torpiloare)


Darla Jean Hood (November 8, 1931 – June 13, 1979) was an American child actress, best known as the leading lady in the Our Gang series from 1935 to 1941. She was born in Leedey, Oklahoma, the only child of music teacher Elizabeth Davner, and James Claude Hood, who worked in a bank.

Our Gang
Hood's mother introduced her to singing and dancing at an early age, taking her to lessons in Oklahoma City. Just after her third birthday she was taken to New York City, where she was seen by Joe Rivkin, a casting director for Hal Roach Studios, who arranged a screen test. She was then taken to Culver City, California, to appear in the Our Gang series.

Hood used her real name in the series except for her debut, in which her character's name was "Cookie". She made her debut at age four in the 1935 film Our Gang Follies of 1936 and was soon given a role in The Bohemian Girl with Laurel and Hardy. From 1935 through 1941, she continued to play in Our Gang. She is well remembered for her coquettish character, typically the love interest of Alfalfa, Butch, or (occasionally) Waldo. One of her most memorable moments was singing "I'm in the Mood for Love" in The Pinch Singer.

Hood's final Our Gang appearance was at age 10 in 1941's Wedding Worries.

After Our Gang
When she outgrew her role in Our Gang, Hood appeared in several other movies and attended school in Los Angeles.  While at Fairfax High School, she organized a vocal group called the Enchanters with four boys.  Shortly after graduation, the quintet was booked by producer and vaudeville star Ken Murray for his famous "Blackouts", a stage variety show.  The group remained with Murray's Blackouts during its long run in New York City and Hollywood.

Hood went solo with singing engagements in nightclubs and guest appearances on TV.  She was a regular on The Ken Murray Show from 1950 to 1951.  In 1955, she was a leading lady in the act of ventriloquist Edgar Bergen.  In 1957, Hood was a regular performer on The Merv Griffin Show for the American Broadcasting Network. Other credits that year include a hit record, "I Just Wanna Be Free." and a duet with Johnny Desmond in the Sam Katzman movie Calypso Heat Wave. Between 1959 and 1962 ,she recorded several singles for the small Ray Note and Acama labels.

In January 1959, Hood released a new record, "My Quiet Village" (Ray Note Records). Joe Rivkin, who discovered her as a child, saw the cover and cast her in her final film role —her first adult role in a movie—  playing a secretary in the suspense drama The Bat with Vincent Price and Agnes Moorehead. In 2018, along with Hood's recording of "Silent Island," "My Quiet Village" was re-released by The Numero Group both on the Exotica compilation Technicolor Paradise: Rhum Rhapsodies & Other Exotic Delights and on Silent Island, a digital-download-only retrospective of Hood's vocal music.

Hood was a guest on such TV shows of the early 1960s as You Bet Your Life and The Jack Benny Program, where she appeared on October 30, 1962 as "Darla" in a spoof of the Our Gang comedies with Jack Benny (who appeared as Alfalfa), and The Charlotte Peters Show in St. Louis. She did singing and voice-over on TV commercials, which included Campbell's Soup and Chicken of the Sea tuna. She was also featured in The Little Rascals Christmas Special (1979) as the voice of Spanky and Porky's mother. She appeared in her own nightclub act at the Coconut Grove in Los Angeles, the Copacabana in New York, and the Sahara Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Personal life
Hood was married twice, first to singer and insurance salesman Robert W. Decker (1949–1957), then to record-company executive Jose Granson (1957–1979). She and Granson had three children. Tommy "Butch" Bond mentioned that her marriage to Granson was difficult because he used a wheelchair following a stroke.

Death
Hood was busy organizing the 1980 Little Rascals reunion for the Los Angeles chapter of The Sons of the Desert when she underwent an appendectomy at Canoga Park Hospital, Canoga Park, California. After the procedure, she died suddenly of heart failure on June 13, 1979, at age 47. An autopsy disclosed that Hood had contracted Hepatitis C from a contaminated blood transfusion given during the operation which led to her death.

The Our Gang community was stunned at Hood's unexpected death. Fellow Our Gang member Billie "Buckwheat" Thomas said "I hate to hear it. It's a shock. She was an awfully nice person, a fine woman. We got along real good as kids." Thomas died a little over a year later. Our Gang members Matthew "Stymie" Beard and Mickey Laughlin attended her funeral.

Filmography

References

External links

 Darla Hood at the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture

1931 births
1979 deaths
American film actresses
American child actresses
Deaths from hepatitis
Infectious disease deaths in California
People from Dewey County, Oklahoma
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Actresses from Oklahoma
Hal Roach Studios actors
Fairfax High School (Los Angeles) alumni
20th-century American actresses
Our Gang

Darla Hood


طبقة الجلسة (الطبقة الخامسة في نموذج أو إس أي) تنظم إنشاء أو إنهاء ارتباط بين نقطتين نهائيتين وهذا ما يسمى الاتصال. حيث تقوم بالإبقاء على الاتصال بينما تكون النقطتين النهائيتين تتواصلان ذهاباً وإياباً ضمن محادثة أو جلسة ذو مدة محددة. حيث أن الجلسة هي اتصال يقيم الرابطة ومدار بين أنظمة الشبكة لغاية محددة، فمثلاً الجلسة ممكن أن تنشأ بغاية التوثيق أو البدء بنقل ملفات. بعض المحادثات والجلسات تستمر لفترة تكفي فقط لإرسال رسالة باتجاه واحد، أما جلسات أخرى من الممكن أن تكون أطول زمنياً، ويمكن لأحد المتصلين أو كلاهما إنهاء الاتصال.

الجلسة في تطبيقات الشبكة العنكبوتية

في مجال تطبيقات الشبكة العنكبوتية (Internet)، كل جلسة مرتبطة بمنفذ (وهو رقم مرتبط بتطبيق في طبقة عليا). مثلاً برنامج الـبروتوكول نقل النص الفائق أو الـdaemon يملك رقم منفذ (80) دوماً. أرقام المنافذ المرتبطة بتطبيقات الإنترنت دوماً تكون أرقام معروفة. على الرغم من أن معظم أرقام المنافذ يمكن إسنادها ديناميكياً إلى تطبيقات أخرى.

عمل طبقة الجلسة ضمن نموذج أو إس أي

وهي الطبقة الخامسة وتعتبر أرق طبقة ضمن النموذج، وعندما تم وضعه لم تكن الحاجة إلى هذه الطبقة واضحة. فضمن نموذج أو إس أي بعض العمليات لا تكتفي بالخدمات المقدمة من الطبقات الأربعة الأولى (الفيزيائية، ربط المعطيات، الشبكة، النقل)، فطبقة الجلسة هي الطبقة المتحكمة بالمحادثة في الشبكة. فهي مسؤولة عن تزامن الاتصالات بين نقطتين نهائيتين. وتبعاً لبنية نموذج أو إس أي، فإن طبقة الجلسة تستجيب لخدمة مطلوبة من طبقة التقديم وترسل طلبات خدمة إلى طبقة النقل. وللتأكيد أن طبقة الجلسة تقدم خدمات إلى طبقة التقديم يمكن تعريف الجلسة على أنها اتصال مترابط بين وحدتي تقديم.

مهام هذه الطبقة

-	البدء بالاتصال

عند إنشاء اتصال يتم التوثق من حساب المستخدم بجهة المرسل والمستقبل. إنشاء الاتصال يضم أيضاً تحديد نمط التواصل الذي سيحصل ونوع البروتوكولات التي سيتم استخدمها في الطبقات الأدنى.

-	صون الاتصال والإبقاء عليه

في حالة ضياع الاتصال يحاول بروتوكول (نموذج اتصال معياري أو ما يسمى بـ OSI 8327) إعادة الاتصال.إذا لم يستخدم الاتصال لفترة طويلة، فيقوم بإغلاق الاتصال وإعادة فتحه.

-	تزامن الاتصالات

طبقة الجلسة تتيح لأي عملية إمكانية إضافة نقاط تزامن إلى دفق المعطيات. على سبيل المثال، نظام يرسل ملف من 400 صفحة، فينصح بوضع نقاط تزامن بعد كل 100 صفحة للتأكيد أن كل 100 صفحة قد وصلت وتم إقرار وصولها بشكل منفرد.ففي هذه الحالة إن وقع خطأ في الصفحة 324 فإن الصفحات التي يجب إعادة إرسالها تكون محصورة في بين 301 و 324، الصفحات السابقة لـ 301 لا يتم إعادة إرسالها. فنقاط التزامن هي نقاط مرجعية تعرف على المعطيات من خلال طبقة الجلسة وذلك لغايتين تصحيح الأخطاء والتحكم بالدفق.

-	التحكم بالنشاط

تسمح للمستخدم أن يقسم المعطيات إلى وحدات منطقية تسمى بالنشاطات، كل نشاط مستقل عن النشاط الذي يسبقه والذي يليه وكل نشاط يمكن تنفيذه بشكل مستقل.
فالنشاطات تستخدم لتقسيم ملفات في عملية نقل لملفات متعددة. النشاطات أيضاً تستخدم من أجل الحجر، الحجر بمعنى تجميع كل الرسائل من عملية نقل متعددة الرسائل معاً قبل البدء بتنفيذهم. فتتم معالجة جميع الرسائل بعد وصولها كلها.وهذه العملية تتيح طريقة للتأكد من أن كل رسائل المجموعة أو ولا واحدة منها تم تنفيذها.

مثال: عملية التحويل البنكية تتألف من عمليتين : 1- سحب من الحساب الأول، 2- إيداع في الحساب الثاني.

فإذا نفدت العملية الأولى ولكن لم تصله العمليات المتبقية فسيبقى المبلغ المسحوب ضائع ولن يصل إلى الحساب الثاني. فالحجر هنا تظهر أهميته بتنفيذ كل العمليات دفعة واحدة عند التأكد من وصولها كلها.

-	التحكم بالمحادثة

تتيح طبقة الجلسة لنظامين إمكانية الدخول إلى محادثة، حيث تقوم بتحديد المتكلم والسماح لعملية الاتصال أن تتم إما بشكل أحادي الاتجاه أو ثنائي الاتجاه (تبادل باتجاهين في كل لحظة).ويتم تحديد المتكلم من خلال استخدام جزء من المعطيات (Data token) يرسل ذهاباً وإياباً ويسمح للمستخدم أن يرسل فقط عندما يملك هذا الجزء من المعطيات.
فعملية نقل الملفات أو التحكم بالمحادثات تستخدم لتحديد الحاسب الذي يقوم بإرسال الطلبات والحاسب الذي يقوم بالرد.وهنا يتم أيضاً تحديد إن كانت عملية نقل المعطيات تحتاج إلى إقرارات أما لا.

-أنماط النقل
- الاتصال أحادي الاتجاه: إذا كان الإرسال يتم بالجهتين ولكن ليس في نفس اللحظة، أي أنه في لحظة ما فإن أحد الحاسبين هو فقط يرسل معلومات.

- الاتصال ثنائي الاتجاه: إذا كان الإرسال يتم بالجهتين في نفس اللحظة، أي في لحظة واحدة كل من الحاسبين يرسل معلومات.

الخدمات التي تقدمها طبقة الجلسة

1-	الاستيثاق.

2-	الصلاحيات.

3-	استعادة الجلسة (نقاط المراقبة، الاستعادة).

استخدام خدمات طبقة الجلسة

تكون جلسات الاتصالات عادةً مكونة من طلبات وردود يتم تبادلها بين التطبيقات.خدمات طبقة الجلسة تستخدم بشكل مشاع في بيئة التطبيقات التي تستخدم اتصالات الإجراء البعيد (نداء الإجراء البعيد).

أمثلة على استخدام طبقة الجلسة

مثال 1:

الاجتماع المرئي، حيث في هذه الخدمة يجب على الصوت الصورة أن يكونا متزامنين لتجنب وصول أحدهما قبل الآخر يتم ذلك من خلال تقنية (Floor control)، التي تجعل صوت المتكلم متوافق مع الصورة الظاهرة على الشاشة.

مثال 2:

البث الحي والمباشر للتلفاز حيث يجب دمج كل من دفقي الصوت والصورة بشكل مستمر ونقلهما وضمان عدم حدوث حالة صمت أو تراكب في النقل.

البروتوكولات الموجودة ضمن طبقة الجلسة

•	رموز بريد الولايات المتحدة : بروتوكول معلومات المنطقة.

•	ADSP: الذي ينسق بين عملية ربط الاسم وبروتوكول آخر هو بروتوكول إدارة الجلسة(SCP)

•	بروتوكولات أخرى:

ADSP, AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol

صفحات خادم نشطة, AppleTalk Session Protocol

H.245, Call Control Protocol for Multimedia Communication

ISO-SP, OSI Session Layer Protocol (X.225, ISO 8327)

iSNS, Internet Storage Name Service

L2F, Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol

إل 2 تي بي, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

NetBIOS, Network Basic Input Output System

PAP, Password Authentication Protocol

بروتوكول النقطة إلى النقطة, Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

نداء الإجراء البعيد, Remote Procedure Call Protocol

RTCP, Real-time Transport Control Protocol

SMPP, Short Message Peer-to-Peer

SCP, Secure Copy Protocol

SSH, Secure Shell

ZIP, Zone Information Protocol

SDP, Sockets Direct Protocol

المراجع

Data And Computer Communication 5th Edition - William Stallings

Data communications and networking - Berouz A.Forouzn

Session Layer

Session Layer Definition

THE SESSION LAYER - LAYER 5

اتصالات
علم الحاسوب
نموذج اتصال معياري

طبقة الجلسة


Ludvig 1. af Luxemburg, greve af Ligny, Saint-Pol og Brienne (født 1418, død 19. december 1475 i Paris) var greve af Saint-Pol (ved Pas-de-Calais), Brienne (i Aube), af Conversano (i Apulien, Italien), Ligny (i Lothringen) og af Guise (i Aisne). Desuden var han herre til Enghien (i Belgien), til Roussy (i Moselle) og til Beaurevoir  (i Aisne).

Connétable de France
I 1465 blev Ludvig 1. af Luxemburg udnævnt til Connétable de France, der Frankrigs højeste militære embede. Ludvig havde store personlige ambitioner, og han var illoyal over for kongen. I 1475 blev han henrettet for højforræderi.

Ludvig 1. var søn af Peter 1. af Luxemburg, greve af Saint-Pol og Brienne og blev selv far til Peter 2. af Luxemburg, greve af Saint-Pol, farfar til Marie af Luxemburg, grevinde af Vendôme og oldefar til Karl af Vendôme.

Kilder

Franske hertuger af Luxembourg


Kazumasa Kawano (født 7. november 1970) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Sanfrecce Hiroshima og Cerezo Osaka.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kazumasa Kawano


Prvenstvo Zadarskog nogometnog podsaveza za sezonu 1959./60. je osvojio "Zadar", koji je potom razigravao za prvaka Dalmatinske zone. To je bila liga 3. ranga nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije, a sudjelovalo je ukupno 10 klubova

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Druga savezna liga Jugoslavije u nogometu 1959./60.
 Dalmatinska nogometna zona 1960.
 Prvenstvo Splitskog nogometnog podsaveza 1959./60.
 Prvenstvo Šibenskog nogometnog podsaveza 1959./60.
 Kvalifikacije za Drugu saveznu nogometnu ligu 1960.

Izvori
 arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr, "Slobodna Dalmacija", br. 4723, god. XVII, izdanje od 27. travnja 1960., str. 5, (18. kolo i ljestvica), preuzeto 15. srpnja 2018.

1959-60 Zadar
Zadar
1959-60

Prvenstvo Zadarskog nogometnog podsaveza 1959./60.