Charles Atlas (born Angelo Siciliano; October 30, 1892December 24, 1972) was an Italian-American bodybuilder best remembered as the developer of a bodybuilding method and its associated exercise program which spawned a landmark advertising campaign featuring his name and likeness; it has been described as one of the longest-lasting and most memorable ad campaigns of all time.

Atlas trained himself to develop his body from that of a "scrawny weakling", eventually becoming the most popular bodybuilder of his day. He took the name "Charles Atlas" after a friend told him that he resembled the statue of Atlas on top of a hotel in Coney Island and legally changed his name in 1922. He marketed his first bodybuilding course with health and fitness writer Frederick Tilney in November 1922. The duo ran the company out of Tilney's home for the first six months. In 1929, Tilney sold his half of the business to advertising man Charles P. Roman and moved to Florida. Charles Atlas Ltd. was founded in 1929 and, as of 2023, continues to market a fitness program for the " weakling". The company is now owned by Jeffrey C. Hogue.

History

Angelo Siciliano was born in Acri, Cosenza, on October 30, 1892. Angelino, as he was also called, moved to Brooklyn, New York, in 1904, and eventually became a leather worker. He tried many forms of exercise initially, using weights, pulley-style resistance, and gymnastic-style calisthenics. Atlas claimed that they did not build his body. He was inspired by other fitness and health advocates who preceded him, including world-renowned strongman Eugen Sandow and Bernarr MacFadden (a major proponent of "physical culture"). He was too poor to join the local YMCA, so he watched how exercises were performed, then performed them at home. He attended the strongman shows at Coney Island, and would question the strongmen about their diets and exercise regimens after the show. He would read Physical Culture magazine for further information on health, strength, and physical development, and finally developed his own system of exercises that was later called "Dynamic Tension", a phrase coined by Charles Roman.

A bully kicked sand into Siciliano's face at a beach when he was a youth, according to the story that he always told. At this time in his life, also according to the story, he weighed only . According to several stories and claims, he was at the zoo watching a lion stretch when he thought to himself, "Does this old gentleman have any barbells, any exercisers? ... And it came over me. ... He's been pitting one muscle against another!" None of the exercises in the Dynamic Tension course could be attributed to how lions use their bodies. Other exercise courses of the time contained exercises similar to Atlas's course, particularly those marketed by Bernarr Macfadden and Earle E. Liederman.

Macfadden, publisher of the magazine Physical Culture, dubbed Siciliano "America's Most Handsome Man" in 1921, and "America's Most Perfectly Developed Man" in a 1922 contest held in Madison Square Garden. He soon took the role of strongman in the Coney Island circus side show. Atlas never actually won a title anywhere proclaiming him to be the "world's most perfectly developed man".

In 1922, 30-year-old Siciliano officially changed his name to "Charles Atlas" as it sounded much more American. He met Frederick Tilney, a British homeopathic physician and course writer who was employed as publisher Bernarr MacFadden's "ideas man". Atlas and Tilney met through MacFadden, who was using Atlas as a model for a short movie titled The Road to Health. Atlas wrote a fitness course and then asked Tilney to edit it. Tilney agreed and Atlas went into business in 1922.

Dynamic Tension program

Atlas's "Dynamic Tension" program consists of twelve lessons and one final perpetual lesson. Each lesson is supplemented with photos of Atlas demonstrating the exercises. Atlas's lesson booklets added commentary that referred to the readers as his friends and gave them an open invitation to write him letters to update him on their progress and stories. Among the people who took Atlas's course were Max Baer, heavyweight boxing champion from 1934 to 1935; Rocky Marciano, heavyweight boxing champion from 1952 to 1956; Joe Louis, heavyweight boxing champion from 1937 to 1949; British heavyweight weightlifting champion and Darth Vader actor David Prowse; and Allan Wells, the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games 100 meter champion.

Artists' model

Besides photographs, Atlas posed for many statues throughout his life. These included Alexander Stirling Calder's Washington at Peace (1917–18) on the Washington Square Arch, Manhattan; Pietro Montana's Dawn of Glory (1924) in Highland Park, Brooklyn (sometimes misreported as Prospect Park); and James Earle Frazer's Alexander Hamilton (1923) at the U.S. Treasury Building in Washington, D.C.

Death
Atlas began to experience chest pains after exercising during his final years, resulting in his hospitalization in December 1972. He died from a heart attack in the hospital on December 24, 1972, in Long Beach, New York at age 80. He left behind a son, Charles Jr., and a daughter, Diana. His wife, Margaret, had died seven years before. Nunziato Siciliano, Atlas's father, who had returned to Italy shortly after arriving in the US in 1903, lived into his 90s. Atlas's son, Charles Jr., died in August 2008 at the age of 89.

Print advertisements
 The famous Charles Atlas print advertisements became iconic mostly because they were printed in cartoon form from the 1930s on, and in many comic books from the 1940s onwards – in fact continuing long after Atlas's death. The typical scenario, usually expressed in comic strip form, presented a skinny young man (usually accompanied by a female companion) being threatened by a bully. The bully pushes down the "97-pound weakling" and the girlfriend joins in the derision. The young man goes home, gets angry (usually demonstrated by his kicking a chair), and sends away for the free Atlas book. Shortly thereafter, the newly muscled hero returns to the place of his original victimization, seeks out the bully, and beats him up. He is rewarded by the swift return of his girlfriend and the admiration of onlookers.

The ad was said to be based on an experience the real Atlas had as a boy. With variations, it was a mainstay of comic books and boys' magazines for decades. The ads usually conclude with the words "As is true of all the exercises in Atlas's course, you can do these exercises almost anywhere."

Charles Atlas slogans used in advertising copyrighted in 1932 included "Battle Fought in Bed that made Fred a He-Man!", "Insult that Made a Man out of Mac", and "Let Me Give You a Body that Men Respect and Women Admire!". Slogans copyrighted the following year included "97 pound weakling... Who became the World's Most Perfectly Developed Man",  and "Just Seven Days that's All I Need".

"The Insult that Made a Man out of Mac"
In this, the full-length version, the protagonist, "Mac", is accosted on the beach by a sand-kicking bully while his date watches. Humiliated, the young man goes home and, after kicking a chair and gambling a three-cent stamp, subscribes to Atlas's "Dynamic-Tension" program. Later, the now muscular protagonist goes back to the beach and beats up the bully, becoming the "hero of the beach". His girl returns while other women marvel at how big his muscles are. (An earlier but otherwise almost identical version, "How Joe's Body Brought Him Fame Instead of Shame", debuted in the 1940s.)

"The Insult That Turned a 'Chump' Into a Champ"
In this version, which debuted in 1941, "Joe" is at a fair with his girl when the bully (who has just shown his strength with the "Ring-the-Bell" game) insults and pushes him. Joe goes home, slams his fist on the table, and orders the free Atlas book. Joe then returns to the fair, rings the bell, and pushes down the bully while his girlfriend reappears to compliment him on his new, powerful physique.

"Hey, Skinny! Yer Ribs Are Showing!"
The condensed, four-panel version stars "Joe", though it is otherwise identical to Mac's story. Instead of "Hero of the beach", the words floating above Joe's head are "What a man!"

"How Jack the Weakling Slaughtered the Dance-Floor Hog"
Another version of the ad presents a scenario in which "Jack" is dancing with his girl, Helen. They are bumped into by a bully, who comments on how puny Jack is, not even worth beating up. Jack goes home, kicks a chair, and sends away for Atlas's "free book". Later, the muscular Jack finds the bully, punches him, and wins back the admiration of Helen. This time, the words "Hit of the party" float over his head as he basks in the admiration of the other dancers.

In popular culture

Literature

 In the 1966 postmodern novel Beautiful Losers, written by Leonard Cohen, Charles Atlas is parodied as "Charles Axis".
 The short story "Charles Atlas Also Dies" by Sergio Ramírez centers on the main character, a follower of Atlas's exercise program, and his trip to the United States to meet Charles Atlas himself; written from an ironic and dark-humored perspective. Among the numerous references to Atlas's program/story/advertisements, the main character describes having sand kicked in his face by "two big hefty guys" in front of his girlfriend and later being compared to the mythological god Atlas after undergoing the program. The story juxtaposes the superhuman strength and notoriety of Charles Atlas—the symbol, with the fragile and mortal aspects of Charles Atlas—the man. The story begins with the quote: "Charles Atlas swears that sand story is true. — Edwin Pope, The Miami Herald".
 In Kurt Vonnegut's novel Cat's Cradle, Charles Atlas is mentioned. When the narrator comes across the term "Dynamic Tension" in a book about the mysterious cult leader Bokonon, he laughs because he imagines the author does not know "that the term was one vulgarised by Charles Atlas, a mail-order muscle-builder." However, as he reads on he finds that Bokonon is an alumnus of Atlas's training program, which has inspired his idea that "good societies could be built only by pitting good against evil, and by keeping the tension between the two high at all times."
 In Charles Bukowski's short story "Bop Bop Against That Curtain", part of the 1973 volume South of No North, the main characters, a bunch of kids, tried Charles Atlas's Dynamic Tension program to look tough, but they prefer lifting weights as it seems to them "the more rugged and obvious way".
 In Michael Connelly's early Harry Bosch books (The Black Echo, The Black Ice, The Concrete Blonde, The Last Coyote), Bosch's Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Harvey Pounds, is nicknamed "98" as a reference probably both to Charles Atlas's "97 pound weakling" and The Rocky Horror Picture Show.
 A Spitting Image annual parodies the Charles Atlas advertisement as "Charles Einstein", with the two protagonists competing not on muscular physique, but with their rhetorical skills and grasp of postmodernism.

Film and TV
 In the 1978 Vietnam war film The Boys in Company C, Marine Vinnie Fazio complains during a forced march that he is carrying too much ammunition and gear for the platoon, shouting out "What am I?  Charles Atlas?".
 In the Futurama episode "When Aliens Attack", Fry gets sand kicked in his face by a "professional beach bully" who asks for payment for his services after Fry has won the girl, Leela. Leela hits on the bully, but the bully claims to be gay.
 In an episode of Johnny Bravo, Johnny explains that he achieved his muscular physique through the "Flex Bigarms" course, a parody of Atlas.
 The title song of the 1964 film Muscle Beach Party features the lyric "Cherry little woodies are the center of attention / Til the muscle men start the dynamic tension"
 In the 1985 film Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Pee-wee steps on a "Guess Your Weight and Fortune" arcade scale at home, where he weighs in at 98 lbs (and receives a fortune warning him not to leave the house). In the DVD commentary, star Paul Reubens and director Tim Burton point out during the scene that Pee-wee truly is a "98-lb. weakling."
 In the Ren and Stimpy episode "Ren's Pecs", Ren seeks counsel from the bodybuilder "Charles Globe", who inspires him to get plastic surgery. Charles Globe and the entire episode are obvious spoofs of the Charles Atlas story.
In the Seinfeld episode "The English Patient", the character of Izzy Mandelbaum is said to have worked out with Charles Atlas in the '50s to which Jerry wryly replies, "1850s?", poking fun at Izzy's age.
The Rocky Horror Picture Show (film, 1975), makes several references to Atlas:
In "Charles Atlas Song / I Can Make You a Man":
 The title line exploits the grammatical ambiguity of Atlas's slogan "In just seven days, I can make you a man", between the meanings "... cause you to become a 'real' man" and "... create a man for you."
 Both Charles Atlas and "Dynamic-Tension" are mentioned by name.
 It refers to a 98-pound weakling, a reference to Atlas's "97-pound weakling."
 The second line refers to the Charles Atlas advertising campaign with "Will get sand in his face when kicked to the ground."
 The mad-scientist character (Dr. Frank N. Furter) claims that his Frankensteinian creation "carries the Charles Atlas Seal of Approval."
 In an episode of That '70s Show, Eric's sister accuses him of being weak by saying he ordered a Charles Atlas video to buff up.
 In an episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus, Terry Gilliam creates an animation which is a visual spoof of Charles Atlas's ad campaign.
 In an episode of Punky Brewster, Punky asks Henry if he still has his Charles Atlas books after being bullied at school.
 In "Mild Mannered", an episode of Warehouse 13, a pair of Charles Atlas's trunks imbue a character with superhuman powers, including superstrength and the ability to alter his own density.
 In "The Missing Page", an episode of Hancock's Half Hour, Hancock reads the fictional detective novel 'Lady, Don't Fall Backwards'. The final page has been removed, and Hancock reads the lines 'Men! Are you skinny?! Do you have sand kicked in your face?!', a parody of Atlas's advertising in pulp novels.
 In an episode of the television show, What's My Line?, in 1956. Charles Atlas was the mystery guest, calling himself Mr. X.
 In an episode of the television show, Red Dwarf, season 3, episode 4, called "Bodyswap", Rimmer claims Lister was no Charles Atlas to begin with. They had previously swapped bodies so that Rimmer could make Listers body fit. Instead, he abused the trust.
 Robot Chicken has a sketch wherein a weakling gets sand kicked in his face by a bully. He then gets a shot of "Barry McGuire's Super Happy Fun Time Anger Go Go Juice" which turns him into a huge muscleman and he tears the bully in two.
 In the closing segment of Creepshow, after noticing that the voodoo doll ad from the discarded comic book has already been clipped out, one of the garbage collectors starts reading the next ad aloud: "Tired of getting sand kicked in your face..."
 "The Triangle", a season two episode of The Waltons which first aired in 1973, features Jim Bob secretly purchasing and later reading and practicing the exercises in a Charles Atlas's exercise manual in order to win the heart of a female classmate who favors a bigger and stronger boy.
 In the movie Dead Poets Society, Professor Keating (played by Robin Williams) describes his less-than-intellectual youth by saying "I was the intellectual equivalent of a 98-pound weakling. I would go to the beach and people would kick copies of Byron in my face".
 In the movie Motherless Brooklyn the Ed Norton character and Ethan Suplee are sitting in the front seat of a car reading a wrestling magazine.  A Charles Atlas ad is shown on the back cover.
 In the 2020 Netflix mini-series Hollywood season 1, episode 2, Charles Atlas is referenced as an aspirational figure for Rock Hudson by his agent Henry Willson.
 In episode 11, series 5 of the drama series, Billions, Charles Rhoades Senior uses Atlas to make a point about strength during a discussion with his son, Chuck.
 In season 2, episode 2, of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Mrs. Maisel makes a joke during one of her stand up comedy sets comparing the male comedians who preceded her on stage to the "before picture in a Charles Atlas male virility enhancement ad".

Music
The song "Sand in My Face" by 10cc, on their debut album, is a detailed description of Atlas's legendary ads.
The band AFI have a song called "Charles Atlas" on their album Very Proud of Ya.
The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band song "Mr Apollo" is a parody that includes the lines "Five years ago I was a four-stone apology ... Today I am two separate gorillas!"
The Darling Pet Munkee song "Charles Atlas (Hey Skinny...Yer Ribs Are Showing!)" is specifically about the Atlas ads.
The Bob Dylan unreleased song "She's Your Lover Now" from 1965 contains the lyric: "Why must I fall into this sadness? / Do I look like Charles Atlas? / Do you think I still got what you still got, baby?"
 The Faces song "On the Beach" contains the line "though I may not be no Charlie Atlas, / Gonna take my shirt off anyway."
The Australian band The Fauves had a minor local hit with their song "The Charles Atlas Way."
 The Josef K song "Sorry For Laughing" (made popular in the U.S. by Propaganda) contains the line "when we grooved on into town / Charles Atlas stopped to frown / cause he's not made like me and you"
"We Are The Champions" by Queen includes the line, "I've had my share of sand kicked in my face..."
The Who song "I Can't Reach You", on the album The Who Sell Out, is preceded by a "commercial" for the Charles Atlas Course. ("The Charles Atlas course with "Dynamic Tension" can turn you into a beast of a man.") John Entwistle poses on the cover as a panther skin-clad Charles Atlas alumnus, as the more muscular Roger Daltrey was otherwise occupied in a bathtub filled with baked beans. (After this photo session Daltrey caught pneumonia through the beans being ice cold at the end of the shoot.)
 Roger Waters' song "Sunset Strip" from his album Radio K.A.O.S., contains the line "I like riding in my Uncle's car / Down to the beach where the pretty girls all parade / And movie stars and paparazzi play the Charles Atlas kicking-sand-in-the-face game."
In the song "I Will Not Fall" by Wiretrain/Wire, these lyrics appear: "And Charles Atlas Stands, upon the beach, upon his head and says ... I will not fall."
The Statler Brothers song "Do You Remember These" contains the line "Charles Atlas course, Roy Rogers' horse, and 'only the Shadow knows'..."
The cover of the Steely Dan album Can't Buy a Thrill features a picture of Charles Atlas.
The Rocky Horror Picture Show song "I Can Make You a Man" references both "Charles Atlas" and "dynamic tension."
Gama Bomb CD titled "Tales From The Grave in Space" features a booklet in which several graphics with song lyrics were designed to resemble Charles Atlas's ads.
The My Bloody Valentine song "Another Rainy Saturday" includes the lines "So face up it's not for me, some dumb Charles Atlas fantasy, but you can kick sand in my face if you want to."

Art
 The artist David Hockney included a print entitled 'The Seven Stone Weakling' in his 1961-3 series, The Rake's Progress.

Magazine and newspapers
 A Canberra Times cartoon features the athletic Tony Abbott having his comeuppance against policy heavyweight Kevin Rudd.
 A 1993 Entertainment Weekly video review of the films Hard Target and Last Action Hero depicted Jean-Claude Van Damme as the bully on the beach and Arnold Schwarzenegger as the weakling. In the illustration, Van Damme harasses a scrawny Schwarzenegger, claiming that Hard Target, unlike Schwarzenegger's movie, was well-received by both audiences and critics. Instead of ordering Atlas's program, Schwarzenegger calls his agent and orders Last Action Hero to be released on video immediately. Schwarzenegger, now with a film doing well as a video rental (despite its theatrical failure), returns to the beach and punches Van Damme out.
 An issue of Nickelodeon Magazine features a fake advertisement that parodies the Atlas body ads; the difference is that the product promises to make a person extremely smart. In this parody, a genius man picks on an incredibly strong yet slow-witted man for his lack of intelligence. The man gets his revenge by scientifically proving that the genius bully does not exist, making him disappear.
 An article in The Onion spinoff Our Dumb Century portrays a feud between Adlai Stevenson and General William Westmoreland being carried out in the same vein as illustrated in the Charles Atlas advertisement.
 An October 1941 issue of PM Magazine featured a World War II political cartoon drawn by Dr. Seuss parodying the Atlas ads with an Uncle Sam eagle.

Comics
In an issue of the DC Comics title Mystery in Space, the main character, Comet, referring to an army of super-powered clones, says, "Physically those clones may make me look like a 98-pound-weakling, but psychically I'm the Charles Atlas of this beach".
The January 1974 issue of the satiric magazine National Lampoon was dedicated to animals: Pets, circus, wild beasts, evolution, law, etc. A fake advertisement in the article Popular Evolution, a parody of the magazine Popular Mechanics, presents in the three-stage comic strip manner a Charles Atlas-style commercial. A little skinny mouse suffers the humiliation of being kicked at the beach by a bully, some sort or medium-size carnivore. Little mouse, goes home, kicks a chair, fills the form and sends it to Mr. Charles Darwin, Galapagos Islands. "After a few millions years of evolutionary exercise" little mouse has developed fangs, and ugly scary face, wings, amongst other attributes; goes back to the beach, bites the bully predator in the neck, Count Dracula style and is declared the "heroe of the habitat" by the admiring females. Unfortunately the issue is out of print and cannot be seen online anywhere.
The "kicking sand in the face" image has been used many times in Archie comics.
Flex Mentallo is a comic book character created by writer Grant Morrison and artist Richard Case in 1990, during their run on Doom Patrol. Flex is in part a parody of Charles Atlas's long-running "The Insult that made a Man out of Mac" advertisements seen in American comics from the past.
2000AD featured The insult that made a robot of 'Walt''', featuring Droid Atlas and Walter the Wobot
Marvel Comics' humor series What The--?! used Atlas parodies regularly, as in "The Insult that Made Mac a Blood-Sucking Freak!" (What The--?! #23, November 1992).
Minicomics pioneer Matt Feazell uses the sand-kicking bully to represent the Etruscan attack on Rome in Not Available Comics #25, 1993.
"The Hold-Up that Made a Hero Out of Mac", from Radioactive Man #1 (Bongo Comics, 1993), blends Mac's story with Batman's origin.
Cartoonist Chris Ware appropriated Mac's "chair-kicking resolve" in a Jimmy Corrigan story from Acme Novelty Library #1 (Fantagraphics, Winter 1993).
Cartoonist Josh Neufeld used the ad to spoof business writer David A. Vise in a piece done for Fortune Small Business magazine in 2002.
In the June 4, 2007, edition of This Modern World, Tom Tomorrow uses the ad to make a point about how President George W. Bush pushes around Congressional Democrats.
New Orleans cartoonist Caesar Meadows spoofed the ad—substituting zine-making for bodybuilding—while advertising the 2008 Alternative Media Expo.The Strange Talent of Luther Strode by Justin Jordan and Tradd Moore features a dark parody of Atlas's Dynamic Tension regimen, one which bestows superhuman strength, durability and reflexes, but at the cost of gaining an aggressive nature and seeing people as their musculature.
One chapter of manga Ranma ½ has minor antagonist Hikaru Gosunkugi buy a suit of powered armor from a parody of the "Beach Bully" advertisements. While it does make him stronger, it comes with a couple of drawbacks: it renders him immobile if he is not chained to a person he hates, and it self-destructs if he is unable to knock out the person he is chained to.

Video games
In early versions of the game, The Secret of Monkey Island, there was a statue in a voodoo shop that when inspected would make the character say "Looks like an emaciated Charles Atlas." The reference has since been removed due to Lucasfilm Games receiving a cease and desist letter.
Video game developer Valve released an update to their popular game, Team Fortress 2 that gave the sniper class a jar of urine called "Jarate". The comic strip that Valve used to advertise the update is a parody of the strip "The Insult that Made a Man out of Mac". A later update that introduced the ability for players to give and receive high fives was promoted with similar comic strip, this time spoofing the strip "Hey, Skinny! Yer Ribs Are Showing!"
The physically unimposing "Little Mac" character in Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! and the Punch-Out!! franchise is named in homage to the "Mac" of Atlas's best-known comic-book advertisement.
The game Kingdom of Loathing'' contains a reference to the sand-kicking campaign.

References

External links

1892 births
1972 deaths
Advertising campaigns
American bodybuilders
American exercise and fitness writers
Burials at St. John's Cemetery (Queens)
Italian emigrants to the United States
People from the Province of Cosenza
Sideshow performers
Strength training writers
People of Calabrian descent
American artists' models
People associated with physical culture

Charles Atlas


Die katholische Herrgottsruhkapelle in Lauingen, einer Stadt im schwäbischen Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau, wurde 1750 errichtet. Die Kapelle am nördlichen Terrassenrand des Donautales in Richtung Dillingen an der Donau ist ein geschütztes Baudenkmal.

Geschichte
Es existierten Vorgängerbauten der Herrgottsruhkapelle an verschiedenen Stellen. Die heutige Kapelle wurde 1750 von Joseph Hieber errichtet.

Architektur
Der Zentralbau mit Zeltdach wird von einer sechsseitigen Laterne mit Zwiebelhaube bekrönt. Der Bau mit einem querovalen Außengrundriss besitzt eine Wandgliederung mit hohen Rundbogenblenden zwischen Lisenen, darüber ist ein aufgewölbtes Gesims. Über dem nördlichen Portal und an der Südseite befinden sich nischengerahmte, dreiteilige Fenster. Der Innengrundriss besteht aus einem länglichen Vierpass. Die Seitenräume sind mit einem Tonnengewölbe gedeckt, der Hauptraum besitzt ein Muldengewölbe.

Ausstattung
Die Fresken wurden 1791 von Johann Baptist Enderle geschaffen. Im Chor sind zwischen zwei Engeln Kelch, Hostie und das Buch mit sieben Siegeln dargestellt. Im Kirchenraum sind Christus in der Glorie und darunter ein Kreuz und die heiligen Büßer zu sehen.

Literatur
 Die Kunstdenkmäler des Landkreises Dillingen an der Donau. Bearbeitet von Werner Meyer (= Die Kunstdenkmäler von Bayern. Die Kunstdenkmäler von Schwaben. Band VII. Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau). R. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 1972, ISBN 3-486-43541-8, S. 571–573.

Weblinks

Herrgottsruh
Kirchengebäude in Lauingen (Donau)
Lauingen
Lauingen
Lauingen
Lauingen
Lauingen
Lauingen
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Zentralbau in Deutschland

Herrgottsruhkapelle (Lauingen)


Team Rytger powered by Carl Ras er et cykelhold fra Danmark, der blev etableret i 2014. I 2015 blev det registreret som et UCI Women's Team, hvilket gjorde, at holdet kunne konkurrere i cykelløb som UCI World Cup for kvinder, men dette var ikke gældende for 2016.

I 2017 blev holdet oprettet på ny, denne gang som et DCU Elite Team for damer. Halvdelen af holdet er eliteryttere, den anden halvdel er juniorryttere.

Holdet

2024
Foreløbig trup

2023

Sejre

2022

Sejre

2021

Sejre

2017
Elite:
Kamilla Sofie Vallin
Johanne Marie Marcher
Emma Norsgaard Jørgensen
Josefine Huitfeldt
Ellinor Huusko

Junior:
Silje Alsbjerg
Mette Egtoft Jensen
Nanna Sif Warming
Caroline Andersson
Julia Borgström

2015

2014

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Cykelhold for kvinder
DCU Elite Team

Team Rytger


Ishizaka Yōjirō (, * 25. Juli 1900 in Hirosaki; † 7. Oktober 1986) war ein  japanischer Schriftsteller.

Ishizaka besuchte die Mittelschule seiner Heimatstadt und studierte ab 1920 an der Keiō-Universität. Nach dem Abschluss des Studiums unterrichtete er an der Women's High School in Yokote, ab 1929 an der High School. In der Zeitschrift Mita bungaku erschienen in Fortsetzungen seine ersten beiden Romane. Deren zweiter, Wakai Hito, wurde 1936 mit dem Mita-Preis für Romane ausgezeichnet und 1937 für den Film und als Schauspiel adaptiert.

Ab 1939 lebte Ishizaka in Tokio. Nach dem Krieg erschien sein Roman Aoi Sanmyaku, der für die Nachkriegsgeneration zum Symbol eines neuen Japan wurde. Viele seiner Werke bildeten die Vorlagen zu Kino- und Fernsehfilmen und wurden für das Theater bearbeitet. 1966 wurde er mit dem Kikuchi-Kan-Preis ausgezeichnet.

Literatur
 S. Noma (Hrsg.): Ishizaka Yōjiro. In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-205938-X, S. 633.

Weblinks

Autor
Roman, Epik
Literatur (Japanisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Japaner
Geboren 1900
Gestorben 1986
Mann

Ishizaka Yōjirō


Giacomo Sanvitale est un historien italien, né à Parme le  et mort à Bologne le .

Biographie
Né le  à Parme, d'une famille ancienne, à peine âgé de seize ans, il prit à Bologne l'habit religieux dans la Compagnie de Jésus. Son noviciat accompli, il alla enseigner les humanités à Vicence et dans d'autres villes, puis, entré dans les ordres, il se consacra pendant quelque temps à la prédication. Ensuite il occupa successivement à Vérone les chaires de philosophie, de mathématiques et de théologie. Le climat de cette ville lui étant contraire, il fut transféré en 1706 à Ferrare, où, après avoir été pendant deux ans confesseur au collège des nobles, il fut appelé à la chaire de théologie qu'il occupa avec distinction pendant dix-neuf ans. Il mourut à Bologne le .

Œuvres

 Guerre entre Charles IV, empereur d'Autriche, et Achmet III, grand-seigneur des Turcs, avec le traité et la trêve de Passarovitz, Venise, 1724, in-8° (sous le pseudonyme de P. Agostino Umicalia) ;
 Mémoires historiques de la guerre entre la maison impériale d'Autriche et la royale maison de Bourbon pour les États de la monarchie espagnole, depuis l'année 1701 jusqu'en 1713, Venise, 1732, in-4° ; seconde édition, ibid., 1734, in-4°. Elles ne portent toutes deux au frontispice que les initiales du pseudonyme déjà cité.
 Vie et campagnes du prince Eugène de Savoie, Venise, 1738 et 1739, in-4°, sans nom d'auteur ;
 Notices sur les faits d'armes entre les princes belligérants, pendant les six premières années de la guerre de succession après la mort de l'empereur Charles VI, avec un choix d'actions remarquables des généraux et soldats italiens dans le , Utrecht (Venise), 1752, in-4°. La seconde partie de cet ouvrage fut aussi imprimée séparément. Dans les dernières années de sa vie, Sanvitale eut à soutenir une polémique des plus vives avec les PP. Daniele Concina et Giovanni Vincenzo Patuzzi.

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Historien italien
Naissance à Parme
Naissance en février 1668
Décès à Bologne
Décès en août 1753
Jésuite italien
Théologien italien
Décès à 85 ans

Giacomo Sanvitale


Hrvatačko polje je krško polje u Zagori. Obuhvaća 19 km² plodne zemlje. Nalazi se između brane Peruća i Sinja (iza kojeg počinje Sinjsko polje). Kroz polje prolazi rijeka Cetina, a u samom polju se u nju ulijevaju rječica Rumin, te potoci Krupa, Žužino vrilo, Vojskova, Šajan, Jajevac. U polju su i dva jezera, Miloševo i Stipančevo jezero.

U polju su naselja Hrvace, Rumin, Bajagić, Obrovac Sinjski, Čitluk i Karakašica.

Krška polja u Hrvatskoj
Porječje Cetine

Hrvatačko polje


Huddle  é um filme americano pré-Code de 1932 dirigido por Sam Wood e estrelado por Ramon Novarro, Madge Evans, Ralph Graves e Una Merkel. Este foi o primeiro de dois filmes que Ramon Novarro faria em 1932, e seu primeiro depois de aparecer no aclamado e bem-sucedido Mata Hari.

Enrredo
Tony Ametto, um jovem metalúrgico de pais imigrantes, consegue uma bolsa de estudos para Yale, onde se torna uma estrela do futebol e encontra um romance com uma jovem herdeira.

Elenco

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1932
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes de romance dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de romance da década de 1930
Filmes em língua inglesa

Huddle (filme)


An Carex maubertiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Francis M.B. Boott. An Carex maubertiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex maubertiana


Lamatumbá es un grupo musical gallego nacido en marzo de 1998 que combina multitud de estilos, cuyo eje es un sonido fiestero y verbenero. Hasta la fecha han publicado un total de cuatro discos de estudio, y actúan con frecuencia en escenarios gallegos y peninsulares. Desde hace unos años se les considera uno de los mayores exponentes de la música gallega.

Miembros
 Sergio "Trosma" - voz y silbidos
 Rafita "Abuelo" - guitarra eléctrica
 Benja - trompeta
 Txitxas - batería
 Puntxa - percusión
 Pedro "Perdidito" - bajo
 Tonhito "Moucho" - guitarra
 Iván "Paquito de" Varela - saxo
 Ángel "Gafas" - saxo y clarinete

Discografía
 2001 - Pachangüílanuí (Xingreirae)
 2005 - Lume (para que saia o sol) (Falcatruada)
 2008 - Paraugas universal (PAI-música)
 2010 - A órbita da banda hipnótica (Discmedi)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Página oficial de Lamatumbá

Grupos de música de España
Grupos de música de Galicia
Grupos de música de los años 2000

Lamatumbá


علي ظريف الأعظمي مسؤول عراقي ومؤرخ، وهو أبو حسين علي ظريف بن عبد المجيد ابن الملا أيوب، وينتمي لقبيلة العبيد العربية القحطانية الحميرية، وأهل مدينة الأعظمية في بغداد أغلبهم من أبناء هذه القبيلة.

ولد في محلة جديد حسن باشا في بغداد عام 1300 هـ/1882م، وتعلم القرآن الكريم في صغره، ثم دخل مدرسة الإمام أبي حنيفة، وتخرج فيها على الشيخ محمد سعيد النقشبندي، ونال الإجازة العلمية، وكان الشيخ علي ظريف ذكيا حاذقا أديبا مؤرخا كثير الكتابة، غزير الإنتاج، وقد نشر عدة بحوث ومقالات في عدة مجلات، ومنها مجلة (الشرق)، ومجلة (العراق)، ومجلة (اليقين)، وفي عام 1921م، أنتخب رئيسا لبلدية الأعظمية وهو الذي جمع أعيان الأعظمية في قصر الوجيه ناجي الخضيري، وأخذ منهم البيعة للملك فيصل الأول وهي أول بيعة للملك صدرت في العراق.

توظف في عدة وظائف حتى أستقر له الحال بوظيفة في جامع الإمام الأعظم وهي بعنوان: (محافظ التبركات السنية). ولقد عين موظفاً في مجلس الوزراء في العهد الملكي في العراق، ثم نقل إلى وظيفة في مديرية التسجيل العقاري والتي كانت تسمى (الطابو).

من مؤلفاته
 تاريخ ملوك الحيرة - القاهرة 1920م.
 تاريخ الدول الفارسية في العراق - 1927م.
 تاريخ الدول اليونانية في العراق - 1341هـ.
 الدر والياقوت في محاسن السكوت - 1331هـ.
 دروس التجويد - 1331هـ.
 دروس الصحة - 1925م.
 مختصر تاريخ البصرة - 1927م.
 مختصر تاريخ بغداد - 1926م.
 منتخبات أدبية.
 وأصدر مجلة عام 1927م، سماها مجلة الأقلام وهي مجلة شهرية أدبية تاريخية معروفة في العراق والبلدان العربية.

من شعره
كان الشيخ علي ظريف ناظما للشعر ولكنه مقل فيه ومن شعره الأبيات التالية:

ومن شعره أيضا قوله:

وفاته
توفي علي ظريف في عام 1377 هـ/1958م، ودفن في مقبرة الخيزران في الأعظمية.

مصادر

 الأعظمية والأعظميون - تأليف هاشم مصطفى الدباغ - بغداد - مطبعة دار الجاحظ - 1984م - صفحة 189.
 الدليل العراقي الرسمي - تاليف محمود فهمي درويش - بغداد - مطبعة دنكور - 1936م - صفحة 817.
 معجم المطبوعات العربية صفحة 459.
 تاريخ جامع الإمام الأعظم ومدرسته العلمية - تأليف هاشم بن الشيخ محمود - بغداد - مطبعة العاني - 1946م - 1/129.
 معجم المؤلفين العراقيين - عبد الكريم بن مصطفى البغدادي - بغداد - مطبعة الأرشاد -1969م - 2/425.
 مجموعة علي ظريف في المتحف العراقي.

أشخاص من الأعظمية
شعراء عراقيون في القرن 20
مسلمون سنة عراقيون
مواليد 1300 هـ
مواليد 1882
مؤرخون عراقيون
وفيات 1377 هـ
وفيات 1958
شعراء بغداديون
مدفونون في مقبرة الخيزران

علي ظريف الأعظمي


Les Royal Scots Dragoon Guards sont un régiment de cavalerie britannique. Héritier des Royal Scots Greys, il s'agit du plus ancien régiment de cavalerie encore en service au sein de l'armée britannique.

Un musée, abrité dans le château d'Édimbourg, abrite les collections du régiment.

Unité militaire britannique
Unité écossaise de l'armée britannique
Unité de cavalerie britannique

Royal Scots Dragoon Guards


Alexander Sergejewitsch Koslow (; engl. Transkription: Alexander Kozlov; * 19. März 1993 in Moskau; † vor oder am 15. Juli 2022) war ein russischer Fußballspieler. Seine Position war die des Stürmers.

Karriere

Verein
Seit dem Kindesalter spielte Alexander Koslow für Spartak Moskau. Bereits im Alter von 15 absolvierte Koslow die ersten Spiele für die zweite Mannschaft von "Spartak". Am 25. April 2010 debütierte er im Alter von 17 für die Profis von Spartak in der Premjer-Liga, als er in der 84. Minute für Jano Ananidze gegen Spartak Naltschik eingewechselt wurde. Am 4. November 2010 feierte Koslow gegen den FC Chelsea sein Debüt in der UEFA Champions League. Im August 2011 konnte er gegen Anschi Machatschkala sein erstes Tor für die Profis erzielen. Nach mehreren Stationen in der russischen 1. Division ging der Stürmer im Frühjahr 2017 nach Kasachstan zu Oqschetpes Kökschetau aus der kasachischen Premjer-Liga.

Nationalmannschaften
Koslow spielte für die U-17, die U-18 und die U-19 Russlands. In 18 Spielen für die U-17 erzielte Koslow 20 Tore.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (FK Chimki)
Fußballspieler (FK Fakel Woronesch)
Fußballspieler (FK Tjumen)
Fußballspieler (FK Tosno)
Fußballspieler (Oqschetpes Kökschetau)
Fußballspieler (Spartak Moskau)
Russe
Geboren 1993
Gestorben 2022
Mann

Alexander Sergejewitsch Koslow


Wash and go er en eksperimentalfilm instrueret af Kassandra Wellendorf efter eget manuskript.

Handling
En dans mellem en spand og en hårmanke.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1993

Wash and go


Little Canada bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Little Canada (Maine)
 Little Canada (Minnesota)
 Little Canada (New York)

Little Canada


An Dendrobium farinatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Herbert Schildhauer ngan Schraut. An Dendrobium farinatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium farinatum


22. århundrede – 23. århundrede – andre århundreder

Det 23. århundrede består af årene 2201 til 2300, og forveksles således let med 2200-tallet, der består af årene 2200 til 2299.

Eksterne henvisninger

Århundreder

23. århundrede


Jydsk Væddeløbsbane er en hestevæddeløbsbane i den sydlige del af Aarhus ved Marselisborgskovene. Banen benyttes til travløb året rundt og galop fra april til oktober. Jydsk Væddeløbsbane blev åbnet den 29. juni 1924.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger
 Jydsk Væddeløbsbanes websted
 Banens historie
 Ugens Aarhushistorie - Tillykke til en gammel traver som startede til galop aarhus.dk 02.07.2014

Hestevæddeløbsbaner i Danmark
Etableret i 1929

Jydsk Væddeløbsbane


Lydia Sklevicky (Zagreb, 7. svibnja 1952. – Donja Dobra, Delnice, 21. siječnja 1990.), hrvatska feministica, sociologinja, etnologinja, publicistkinja, prevoditeljica i teoretičarka feminizma. Autorica je prvih hrvatskih feminističkih studija i članaka na području povijesti, etnologije, antropologije i sociologije, te se prva na području Hrvatske bavila istraživanjem socijalne povijesti žena - ženskog pokreta i istraživanjem procesa emancipacije žena kao sastavnog dijela dugoročnog procesa kulturne mijene društva.

Životopis

Lydia Sklevicky je rođena 1952. godine u Zagrebu. Majka Lea i otac Sergej koji je bio inženjer, a koji je nakon Oktobarske revolucije s roditeljima prebjegao iz Sankt-Peterburga i na kraju se skrasio u Zagrebu, njegovali su građanski, liberalni odgoj u svojem domu. S njima je živjela i baka (mamina mama) Mercedes koja je na malu Lydiju izvršila presudan utjecaj. Brinula se o njezinu lijepom ponašanju i učenju stranih jezika pa ih je Lydia na kraju govorila pet: engleski, njemački, talijanski, francuski i španjolski. Lydia se školovala u rodnom gradu, magistrirala je sociologiju i etnologiju 1976. na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Njezina najbliža prijateljica na studiju je bila Vesna Pusić. Nedugo nakon diplome dobiva mjesto asistentice na Institutu za historiju radničkog pokreta Hrvatske (danas Hrvatski institut za povijest), gdje ostaje sve do 1988. kada prelazi u Zavod za istraživanje folklore (danas Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku). Poslijediplomski studij iz područja humanističkih i društvenih znanosti, odnosno sociologije kulture završava 1984. obranivši magistarski rad "Žene i moć - povijesna geneza jednog interesa". Jedan od fokusa u tom radu je kritika tradicionalnog proučavanja povijesti koje zanemaruje žensku perspektivu. Na povijesnoj građi je nastojala objasniti djelovanje žena prije, u toku i poslije Drugog svjetskog rata (NOP-a i socijalističke revolucije) i raskoraka između proklamirane emancipacije i ograničenja ostvarenja ženskih prava u SFR Jugoslaviji. Njena doktorska disertacija, "Emancipacija i organizacija: Uloga Antifašističke fronte žena u postrevolucionarnim mijenama društva (NR Hrvatska 1945. – 1953.)", zbog prerane smrti ostala je nedovršena.  U doktorskom radu pokazala je, da je organizacija Antifašistički front žena (AFŽ), uz ratne zasluge, kao i poslijeratne u obrazovanju i opismenjavanju, postala previše utjecajna i kao takva počela smetati Komunističkoj partiji Jugoslavije. Zato su je prvo počeli ismijavati, slabiti, da bi je na kraju rasformirali i umjesto nje uspostavili Konferenciju za društvenu aktivnost žena - državnu agenciju bez članstva, za bavljenje "ženskim pitanjem".

Lydia Sklevicky je poginula 21. siječnja 1990. godine, u prometnoj nesreći u mjestu Donja Dobra u blizini Delnica.

Doprinosi
Hrvatsku znanstvenu zajednicu Lydia Sklevicky je zadužila otvaranjem novih područja istraživanja, u prvom redu političkog rituala i antropologije žena. Godine 1983. u suradnji sa Žaranom Papić objavljuje zbornik Antropologija žene, a 1987. uređuje zbornik Žena i društvo, Kultiviranje dijaloga. Inicirala je i sudjelovala u brojnim feminističkim akcijama. Jedna je od utemeljiteljica grupe "Žene i društvo" (1979.), a bila je i koordinatorica prvog feminističkog okupljanja u Zagrebu održanog krajem 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća.

Radila je kao volonterka na prvoj SOS liniji za zlostavljane žene i djecu. Svoje kolumne u ženskom časopisu "Svijet" koristila je za pokretanje diskusije o brojnim relevantnim, katkad i kontroverznim temama. Sudjelovala je na brojnim znanstvenim skupovima u zemlji i inozemstvu. Godine 1988. na zagrebačkom skupu "Suvremena pitanja antropologije roda" nastupa u ulozi organizatorice. Objavila je više od 100 članaka i studija.

Osim znanstvenih, Sklevicky je pisala i popularne članke, a djelovala je i kao prevoditeljica i urednica radio-emisija. Bila je i članica uredništva Časopisa za suvremenu povijesti kao i međunarodnog časopisa Gender and History.

Djela
 Erica Jong: Voće i povrće (prijevod) (Zagreb, 1981.)
 Antropologija žene, priredila sa Žaranom Papić (Beograd, 1983.)
 Žena i društvo, Kultiviranje dijaloga (urednik) (Zagreb, 1987.)
 Konji, žene, ratovi, odabrala i priredila Dunja Rihtman-Auguštin  (Zagreb, 1996.)

Izvori

Vanjske povezice
 Lydia Sklevicky – "Feministička začinjavka"

Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvatske feministice
Hrvatski politički aktivisti
Pokret za ljudska prava u Hrvatskoj

Lydia Sklevicky


Rosenhof ist ein Gemeindeteil der Großen Kreisstadt Dinkelsbühl im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Die Einöde liegt am Himmelreithbach, der ein rechter Zufluss der Sulzach ist. Im Westen grenzt ein kleines Waldgebiet an, ansonsten ist der Ort von Acker- und Grünland umgeben. Im Südosten wird die Flur Stockfeld genannt. 0,75 km westlich erhebt sich der Zankenberg (). Ein Anliegerweg führt 0,6 km südlich zu einer Gemeindeverbindungsstraße, die westlich nach Bernhardswend bzw. östlich nach Dorfkemmathen zur Kreisstraße AN 41 verläuft.

Geschichte
Der Ort hieß ursprünglich Fallhaus und diente als Abdeckerei. Erst seit den 1970er Jahren heißt die Einöde Rosenhof.

Im Jahr 1809 wurde Fallhaus infolge des Gemeindeedikts dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Sinbronn zugewiesen. Am 1. Mai 1978 wurde Fallhaus im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Dinkelsbühl eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach Zur Lieben Frau (Dorfkemmathen) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken sind nach St. Peter und Paul (Halsbach) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Dinkelsbühl)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung

Rosenhof (Dinkelsbühl)


David Davis (kriketaš), novozelandski kriketaš
David Davis (nogometaš), engleski nogometaš
David Davis (rukometaš), španjolski rukometaš

David Davis


Die katholische Kirche St. Andreas ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude in der Kirchstraße 8 in Henglarn, einem Stadtteil von Lichtenau im Kreis Paderborn (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Geschichte und Architektur
Von der Vorgängerkirche Sankt Margaretha, die nach dem Bau der neuen Kirche abgebrochen wurde, steht noch der untere Teil des Turmes. Dieser beherbergt als tausendjähriger Turm das Erinnerungsmal für die gefallenen Teilnehmer der Kriege.

Der neugotische Bruchsteinsaal mit einem niedrigen, eingezogenen Chor mit Fünfachtelschluss wurde 1893/94 von Arnold Güldenpfennig errichtet. Die Anräume sind querschiffartig, der Turm steht an der Westseite. Die Wände sind durch Maßwerkfenster gegliedert. Es wurden spitze Kreuzgratgewölbe eingezogen. Die Ausstattung ist bauzeitlich. Der Hochaltar ist eine Arbeit von Becker aus Wiedenbrück.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, unter wissenschaftlicher Leitung von Ursula Quednau: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen II Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin/München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2

Weblinks

 Tausendjähriger Turm (abgerufen am 5. Mai 2012).

Henglarn
Henglarn
Henglarn, Andreas
Baudenkmal in Lichtenau (Westfalen)
Erbaut in den 1890er Jahren
Bauwerk in Lichtenau (Westfalen)
Henglarn

St. Andreas (Henglarn)


Christmastide is a season of the liturgical year in most Christian churches. In some, Christmastide is identical to Twelvetide.

For the Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Church and Methodist Church, Christmastide begins on 24 December at sunset or Vespers, which is liturgically the beginning of Christmas Eve. Most of 24 December is thus not part of Christmastide, but of Advent, the season in the Church Year that precedes Christmastide. In many liturgical calendars Christmastide is followed by the closely related season of Epiphanytide that commences at sunset on 5 January—a date known as Twelfth Night.

There are several celebrations within Christmastide, including Christmas Day (25 December), St. Stephen's Day (26 December), Childermas (28 December), New Year's Eve (31 December), the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ or the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (1 January), and the Feast of the Holy Family (date varies). The Twelve Days of Christmas terminate with Epiphany Eve or Twelfth Night (the evening of 5 January).

Customs of the Christmas season include carol singing, gift giving, attending Nativity plays, church services, and eating special food, such as Christmas cake. Traditional examples of Christmas greetings include the Western Christian phrase "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!" and the Eastern Christian greeting "Christ is born!", to which others respond, "Glorify Him!"

Dates
Christmastide, commonly called the Twelve Days of Christmas, lasts 12 days, from 25 December to 5 January, the latter date being named as Twelfth Night. These traditional dates are adhered to by the Lutheran Church and the Anglican Church.

However, the ending is defined differently by other Christian denominations. In 1969, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church expanded Christmastide by a variable number of days: "Christmas Time runs from... up to and including the Sunday after Epiphany or after 6 January." Before 1955, the 12 Christmastide days in the Roman Rite (25 December to 5 January) were followed by the 8 days of the Octave of Epiphany, 6–13 January, and its 1960 Code of Rubrics defined "Christmastide" as running "from I vespers of Christmas to none of 5th January inclusive". The Saint Andrew Daily Missal (1945) says Christmastide begins with "the vigil of the feast [Christmas Day] and ends in the temporal cycle on the octave day of the Epiphany...[and] in the sanctoral cycle on the Purification of our Lady (Feb. 2)." Within the Christmas Cycle is "the time before, during and after the feast itself, thus having for its aim to prepare the soul for them, then allow it to celebrate them with solemnity and finally to prolong them several weeks"; this references Advent, Christmas, and the Time after Epiphany (Epiphanytide).

History

In 567, the Council of Tours "proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent fasting in preparation for the feast." Christopher Hill, as well as William J. Federer, states that this was done in order to solve the "administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the solar Julian calendar with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east." Ronald Hutton adds that, while the Council of Tours declared the 12 days one festal cycle, it confirmed that three of those days were fasting days, dividing the rejoicing days into two blocs.

In medieval era Christendom, Christmastide "lasted from the Nativity to the Purification." To this day, the "Christian cultures in Western Europe and Latin America extend the season to forty days, ending on the Feast of the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple and the Purification of Mary on 2 February, a feast also known as Candlemas because of the blessing of candles on this day, inspired by the Song of Simeon, which proclaims Jesus as 'a light for revelation to the nations'." Many Churches refer to the period after the traditional Twelve Days of Christmas and up to Candlemas, as Epiphanytide, also called the Epiphany season.

Traditions

During the Christmas season, various festivities are traditionally enjoyed and buildings are adorned with Christmas decorations, which are often set up during Advent. These Christmas decorations include the Nativity Scene, Christmas tree, and various Christmas ornaments. In the Western Christian world, the two traditional days on which Christmas decorations are removed are Twelfth Night, Baptism of Jesus and Candlemas. Any not removed on the first occasion should be left undisturbed until the second. Leaving the decorations up beyond Candlemas is considered to be inauspicious. The Saint Andrew Daily Missal (1945), authored by Dom Gaspar Lefebvre, stipulates:

On Christmas Eve or Christmas Day (the first day of Christmastide), it is customary for most households in Christendom to attend a service of worship or Mass. During the season of Christmastide, in many Christian households, a gift is given for each of the Twelve Days of Christmastide, while in others, gifts are only given on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day or Twelfth Night, the first and last days of the festive season, respectively. The practice of giving gifts during Christmastide, according to Christian tradition, is symbolic of the presentation of the gifts by the Three Wise Men to the infant Jesus.

In several parts of the world, it is common to have a large family feast on Christmas Day, preceded by saying grace. Desserts such as Christmas cake are unique to Christmastide; in India and Pakistan, a version known as Allahabadi cake is popular. During the Christmas season, it is also very common for Christmas carols to be sung at Christian churches, as well as in front of houses—in the latter scenario, groups of Christians go from one house to another to sing Christmas carols. Popular Christmas carols include "Silent Night", "Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus", "We Three Kings", "Down in Yon Forest", "Away in a Manger", "I Wonder as I Wander", "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen", "There's a Song in the Air", and "Let all mortal flesh keep silence". In the Christmas season, it is very common for television stations to air feature films relating to Christmas and Christianity in general, such as The Greatest Story Ever Told and Scrooge.

On Saint Stephen's Day, the second day of Christmastide, people traditionally have their horses blessed, and on the Feast of Saint John the Evangelist, the third day of Christmastide, wine is blessed and consumed. On New Year's Eve (the seventh day of Christmastide), it is common for many Christians to attend a watchnight service to thank God for being blessed in the previous year and resolving to serve Him in the coming year. Throughout the twelve days of Christmastide, many people view Nativity plays, among other forms of "musical and theatrical presentations".

In the Russian Orthodox Church, Christmastide is referred to as "Svyatki", meaning "Holy Days". It is celebrated from the Nativity of Christ (7 January N.S.) to the Theophany or Baptism of Christ (19 January N.S.). Activities during this period include attending church services, singing Christmas carols and spiritual hymns, visiting relatives and friends, and performing works of mercy, such as visiting the sick, the elderly people, orphans, and giving generous alms.

Liturgy

Western Christianity

Readings

Eastern Christianity

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as in the Greek Catholic Churches and Byzantine-Rite Lutheran Churches, Christmas is the fourth most important feast (after Pascha, Pentecost and Theophany). The day after, the Church celebrates the Synaxis of the Theotokos. This means that Saint Stephen's Day and the Feast of the Holy Innocents fall one day later than in the West. The coming of the Wise Men is celebrated on the feast itself.

Readings

Suppression by antireligious governments

Revolutionary France

With the atheistic Cult of Reason in power during the era of Revolutionary France, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake of the Christmas-Epiphany season was forcibly renamed the "equality cake" under anticlerical government policies.

Soviet Union

Under the state atheism of the Soviet Union, after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations—along with other Christian holidays—were prohibited. Saint Nicholas was replaced by Ded Moroz or Grandfather Frost, the Russian Spirit of Winter who brought gifts on New Year's, accompanied by the snowmaiden Snyegurochka who helps distribute gifts.

It was not until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 that the prohibition ended and Christmas was celebrated for the first time in Russia after seven decades. Russia had adopted the custom of celebrating New Year's Day instead. However, the Orthodox Church Christmas is on 7 January. This is, also, an official national holiday.

Nazi Germany

European History Professor Joseph Perry wrote that in Nazi Germany, "because Nazi ideologues saw organized religion as an enemy of the totalitarian state, propagandists sought to deemphasize—or eliminate altogether—the Christian aspects of the holiday" and that "Propagandists tirelessly promoted numerous Nazified Christmas songs, which replaced Christian themes with the regime's racial ideologies."

People's Republic of China

The government of the People's Republic of China officially espouses state atheism, and has conducted antireligious campaigns to this end. In December 2018, officials raided Christian churches just prior to Christmastide and coerced them to close; Christmas trees and Santa Clauses were also forcibly removed.

See also

 Christmas and holiday season
 Christmas Eve
 Blue Christmas (holiday)
 Advent
 Epiphany season
 Nativity Fast
 Embertide

References

Epiphany (holiday)

Christmastide


San Juanico Strait () is a narrow strait in the Eastern Visayan region in the Philippines. It separates the islands of Samar and Leyte and connects Carigara Bay (Samar Sea) with the San Pedro Bay (Leyte Gulf). It is about  long. At its narrowest point, the strait is only  wide.

The strait is crossed by the San Juanico Bridge. The HVDC Leyte–Luzon power line also crosses the strait through an overhead line at , using a tower on an uninhabited island in the strait. The Tacloban City harbor, the main port of the Eastern Visayas, is on Cancabato Bay at the southern entrance of the strait.

Gallery

References

External links

Straits of the Philippines
Landforms of Leyte (province)
Landforms of Samar (province)

San Juanico Strait


The Two Medicine River is a tributary of the Marias River, approximately   60 mi (97 km) long, in northwestern Montana in the United States.

It rises in the Rocky Mountain Front in Glacier National Park at the continental divide and flows east, down from the mountains and across the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. It receives Birch Creek in southeastern Glacier County and joins Cut Bank Creek to form the Marias, approximately 12 mi (19 km) southeast of Cut Bank.

See also

List of rivers of Montana
Montana Stream Access Law

Notes

Landforms of Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Rivers of Montana
Rivers of Glacier County, Montana
Bodies of water of Pondera County, Montana

Two Medicine River


La Ruta de Illinois 255, y abreviada IL 255 (en inglés: Illinois Route 255) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Illinois. La carretera inicia en el sureste desde la  hacia el noroeste en la Seminary Road en Alton. La carretera tiene una longitud de 26,5 km (16.46 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta de Illinois 255 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Illinois por sus siglas en inglés IDOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial  de IDOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Illinois

Ruta de Illinois 255


An Avena nuda in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Avena nuda in nahilalakip ha genus nga Avena, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Avena

Avena nuda


හැරී ලිලිස් ක්‍රොස්බි ( එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ටකෝමා, 1903 මැයි 3 - ස්පා Spain ් Al යේ ඇල්කොබෙන්ඩාස්, 1977 ඔක්තෝබර් 14 ), බිං ක්‍රොස්බි ලෙස වඩාත් හොඳින් හඳුන්වනු ලැබුවේ ගායකයෙක් ( ක්‍රූනර් ) සහ නළු ඇමරිකානුවෙකු වන අතර අඩ සියවසක පමණ කාලයක් වෘත්තීය ජීවිතය සලකනු ලැබීය. පළමු බහුමාධ්‍ය තරුව වන බිං ක්‍රොස්බි විසිවන සියවසේ වැඩියෙන්ම අලෙවි වූ හා වඩාත්ම සාර්ථක සංගීත රංගනය වූ අතර.

ක්‍රොස්බි වාර්තාගත විකුණුම්, ගුවන් විදුලි ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම් සහ දළ චිත්‍රපට ඉපැයීම් වල ප්‍රමුඛයා වූ අතර ලොව පුරා විසිවන සියවසේ වැදගත්ම හා බලගතු චරිතයකි. ඔහු පළමු බහුමාධ්‍ය කලාකරුවන්ගෙන් කෙනෙකි. 1934 සිට 1954 දක්වා කාලය තුළ ක්‍රොස්බිට ඔහුගේ ඇල්බම, ගුවන්විදුලි මධ්‍යස්ථානවල විශාල ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම් සහ ලෝක ප්‍රකට චිත්‍රපට සමඟ නොබිඳිය හැකි හොඳම අලෙවිකරුවෙකු සිටියේය.  ඔහු බොහෝ විට ඉතිහාසයේ වඩාත්ම ජනප්‍රිය සංගීත නළුවෙකු ලෙස සලකනු ලබන අතර අද වන විට වඩාත්ම විද්‍යුත් වශයෙන් පටිගත කරන ලද මිනිස් හ voice වේ.  ක්‍රොස්බිගේ කලාත්මක කීර්තිය විශ්වීය ය, ඔහු උපුටා දැක්වීමට ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් සිනාත්‍රා, පෙරී කොමෝ, ඩීන් මාටින්, ජෝන් ලෙනන්, එල්විස් ප්‍රෙස්ලි, මයිකල් බබ්ලේ වැනි ඔහුට සහාය දුන් අනෙකුත් ශ්‍රේෂ් male පිරිමි අර්ථකථකයින් සඳහා ඔහු කළ ආනුභාවයෙන් එකක් බව සඳහන් කිරීම වැදගත් ය. සමහර.

ක්‍රොස්බි වාර්තාගත විකුණුම්, ගුවන් විදුලි ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම් සහ දළ චිත්‍රපට ඉපැයීම් වල ප්‍රමුඛයා විය - එය ලොව පුරා විසිවන සියවසේ වැදගත්ම හා බලගතු චරිතයකි. ඔහු පළමු බහුමාධ්‍ය කලාකරුවන්ගෙන් කෙනෙකි. 1934 සිට 1954 දක්වා කාලය තුළ ක්‍රොස්බිට ඔහුගේ ඇල්බම, ගුවන්විදුලි මධ්‍යස්ථාන සහ ලෝක ප්‍රකට චිත්‍රපට සමඟ විශාල ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීමක් ලැබුණි. ඔහු බොහෝ විට ඉතිහාසයේ ජනප්‍රියම සංගීත නළුවෙකු ලෙස සලකනු ලබන අතර අද එය හ voice යි ක්‍රොස්බිගේ කලාත්මක කීර්තිය විශ්වීය ය, ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් සිනාත්‍රා, පෙරී කොමෝ, ඩීන් මාටින්, ජෝන් ලෙනන්, එල්විස් ප්‍රෙස්ලි වැනි ඔහුට සහාය දුන් අනෙකුත් ශ්‍රේෂ් male පිරිමි අර්ථකථකයින් සඳහා ඔහු ශ්‍රේෂ් greatest තම ආශ්වාදයක් ලබා දුන් බව සඳහන් කිරීම වැදගත් ය. මයිකල් බබ්ලේ කිහිපයක් නම් කරන්න.බිං ක්‍රොස්බි විසින් මේ දක්වා ලොව පුරා වාර්තා බිලියනයකට වඩා අලෙවි කර ඇති අතර එය බොහෝ විට ඉතිහාසයේ විශාලතම වාර්තාගත විකුණුම්කරුවා මෙන්ම සුදු නත්තල් නමින් ලොව වැඩියෙන්ම අලෙවි වන ගීතය වේ. ලොව පුරා පිටපත් 50,000,000 ක් අලෙවි විය20 වන ශතවර්ෂයේ මැද භාගයේදී ක්‍රොස්බි කෙතරම් ප්‍රසිද්ධ හා ජනප්‍රිය වූවාද යත්, එවකට කරන ලද සමීක්ෂණයකින් හෙළි වූයේ ක්‍රොස්බි එවකට XII වන පියුස් පාප්තුමාට වඩා ප්‍රසිද්ධ හා ගෞරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවය.

ඔහුගේ ප්‍රස්ථාරයේ සාර්ථකත්වය සිත් ඇදගන්නා සුළු ය: අංක 41 පහර 1 ක් ඇතුළුව තනි කාඩ්පත් 396 ක්. "සුදු නත්තල්" ලකුණු ලබා ගත් වාර ගණන ඔබ ගණන් කළහොත්, එම සංඛ්‍යාව 43 දක්වා ඉහළ යනු ඇත. බීට්ල්ස් සහ එල්විස් ප්‍රෙස්ලි ඒකාබද්ධ විය. ක්‍රොස්බිට 1931 සිට 1954 දක්වා සෑම වසරකම වෙන වෙනම ප්‍රස්ථාර කේවල ගීත තිබූ අතර 1939 දී පමණක් ඔහුට වෙනම ජනප්‍රිය කේවල ගීත 24 ක් තිබුණි.

බිං ක්‍රොස්බි විසින් වාණිජ පටිගත කිරීම් 2,000 කට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් සහ ගුවන් විදුලි සංදර්ශන 4,000 ක් පමණ පටිගත කර ඇති අතර චිත්‍රපට හා රූපවාහිනී දර්ශන පිළිබඳ පුළුල් ලැයිස්තුවක් ඔහු ඉතිහාසයේ වැඩිම වාර්තාගත කලාකරුවා වේ.

බිං ක්‍රොස්බි ප්‍රස්ථාරවල අංක 41 වාර්තා (43 "සුදු නත්තල්" සඳහා දෙවන හා තෙවන ශීර්ෂයන් ද ඇතුළුව), ද බීට්ල්ස් (24) හා එල්විස් ප්‍රෙස්ලි (18) වාර්තා සමඟ වඩා වැඩි ය.

ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් සිනාත්‍රා (209) සහ එල්විස් ප්‍රෙස්ලි (149) ඒකාබද්ධ වූවාට වඩා ඔහුගේ පටිගත කිරීම් 396 වතාවක් ප්‍රස්ථාරයට පැමිණියේය.

පිළිගැනීම්
ක්‍රොස්බි විසින් ඔස්කාර් සම්මානලාභී ගීත 13 ක් ගායනා කරන ලද අතර ඉන් හතරක් හොඳම ගීතය සඳහා ඇකඩමි සම්මානය දිනා ගත්තේය: "ස්වීට් ලීලානි" (වයිකි මංගල්‍යය, 1937), "සුදු නත්තල්" (හොලිඩේ ඉන්, 1942), "පැද්දීම on a star "(Going My Way, 1944), සහ" In Cool, Cool, Cool of the සන්ධ්‍යාව "(මෙන්න පැමිණෙන්නේ මනාලයා, 1951).

හොලිවුඩ් වෝක් ඔෆ් ෆේම් හි බිං ක්‍රොස්බිට තරු තුනක් ප්‍රදානය කර ඇත: එකක් පටිගත කිරීම් සඳහා, එකක් ගුවන් විදුලියට සහ චිත්‍රපට සඳහා.

බිංග් ක්‍රොස්බි ඉතිහාසයේ වැඩිම වාර්තාගත කලාකරුවන් 400 ක් පමණ ලොව පුරා අලෙවි වී ඇති අතර එය ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් සිනාත්‍රා, එල්විස් ප්‍රෙස්ලි, ද බීට්ල්ස් සහ මයිකල් ජැක්සන් ඇතුළු කිසිවෙකු ගැලපීමට ආසන්න වී නොමැත.

ක්‍රොස්බි ග්‍රැමී හෝල් ඔෆ් ෆේම් හි ප්‍රසංග හතරක් පටිගත කර ඇති අතර එය "ගුණාත්මක හා historical තිහාසික වැදගත්කම" පටිගත කිරීම සඳහා 1973 දී පිහිටුවන ලද විශේෂ සම්මානයකි.

බිං ක්‍රොස්බි


Işıklı, Kozan - Adana ili Kozan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Adıyaman, Adıyaman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Efeler - Aydın ili Efeler ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Mudanya - Bursa ili Mudanya ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Mecitözü - Çorum ili Mecitözü ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Enez - Edirne ili Enez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Şehitkamil - Gaziantep ili Şehitkamil ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Tirebolu - Giresun ili Tirebolu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Çukurca - Hakkâri ili Çukurca ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, İskenderun - Hatay ili İskenderun ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Tire - İzmir ili Tire ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Sarıveliler - Karaman ili Sarıveliler ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Emet - Kütahya ili Emet ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Hekimhan - Malatya ili Hekimhan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Yeşilyurt - Malatya ili Yeşilyurt ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Silifke - Mersin ili Silifke ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Altınordu - Ordu ili Altınordu ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Ardeşen - Rize ili Ardeşen ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Türkeli - Sinop ili Türkeli ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Niksar - Tokat ili Niksar ilçesine bağlı köy
 Işıklı, Arsin - Trabzon ili Arsin ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Başkale - Van ili Başkale ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Işıklı, Ereğli - Zonguldak ili Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesine bağlı köy

Işıklı


Valentin Emil Mușat () este un scriitor român contemporan.

Biografie
A absolvit în 1974 Colegiul Național ,,Nicolae Iorga" din Vălenii de Munte și în 1982 Facultatea de Limba și Literatura Română (română-franceză) a Universității  București. A debutat în 1969 în revista ecoul a Colegiul Național "Nicolae Iorga" editată de scriitorii Valeriu Sârbu și Miron Radu Paraschivescu. A participat între 1970-1973 la taberele naționale de creație literară și de artă plastică de la Gâlma, Păușa și Costinești coordonate de Tudor Opriș, fiind  inclus în antologiile Excelsior. A publicat în Preludiu, Amfiteatru, Luceafărul, Limba și literatura română, Orizont, Cronica, Litere, Caiete critice, Flacăra, Tribuna învățământului, Gazeta de Transilvania, Al cincilea anotimp, Revista nouă, Adevărul literar și artistic, Ararat, Atitudini,Leviathan ș.a.

A  fost membru al Cenaclului "Junimea" al Facultății de Limba și Literatura Română a Universității din București și al Cenaclului de Luni condus de Nicolae Manolescu. Destinul cultural i-a fost marcat de colaborarea cu profesorii și scriitorii Valeriu Sârbu , Ovid S.Crohmălniceanu , Mircea Martin, Silviu Angelescu, Petre Nicolau, Mircea Nedelciu, Viorel Știrbu, Dumitru Radu Popescu.

Redactor-șef al revistei literare "Accent" apărută la Vălenii de Munte din inițiativa scriitorului Valeriu Sârbu sub egida Uniunii Scriitorilor din România (1998).

Coordonatorul ziarului,, Vălenii de Munte-Supliment cultural "(martie 2023)

A fost laureat al primei ediții a Festivalului de poezie și muzică folk "Miron Radu Paraschivescu" (1976) și a obținut premii literare la Festivalul  "Moștenirea Văcăreștilor" de la Târgoviște (1970-1974).

Din 1982 este profesor de limba și literatura română la Colegiul Național ,,Nicolae Iorga" din Vălenii de Munte. I s-a acordat Diploma ,,Gheorghe Lazăr" și Ordinul Meritul pentru Învățământ în grad de ofițer.

Membru titular al Uniunii Scriitorilor din România .

În 2015 susține teza de doctorat Imaginile mito-poetice și funcția lor ordonatoare în cultura orală tradițională română coordonată de prof. univ. dr. Silviu Angelescu în cadrul Institutului de Etnografie și Folclor "Constantin Brăiloiu" al Academiei Române.

Opera literară

Poezii
1. poet de formula unu, Editura "Viitorul Românesc",București,1998,postfață de Mircea Martin

2. în căutarea titlului pierdut, Editura "Viitorul Românesc" ,București,2004,prefață de Dumitru Radu Popescu

3. anatomia singurătății, Editura "Premier",Ploiești,2007

4. taxe , impozite,vămi, Editura Verus ,București , 2010

5. anamneze ,Editura Leviathan,București,2023 ,prefață de Costin Tuchilă

Studii de etnologie și folclor
1. Lumea de dincolo, Editura Total Publishing, București, 2018, prefață de Silviu Angelescu

Colaborări, volume colective
1. Parodie/negation et/ou continuite´: Tristan Tzara et…Gustave Flaubert,în EURESIS,1-2, L´ Avant-garde roumaine et son contexte europeen ,Edition UNIVERS,Bucarest ,1994

2. Une styloscopie de la prose de Mircea Nedelciu, în EURESIS,1-2, Le postmodernisme dans la culture roumaine,E dition UNIVERS, Bucarest, 1995

3. Sexualitatea în literatură, în Sexualitatea umană și sănătatea, Editura Tehnică, 2000, București

4. C.Negruzzi, Mateiu I. Caragiale, în Prozatori români, Editura Novelnet, Ploiești, 2004

5. Eugen Simion 80, Editura Tracus Arte, București, 2013

6. Monografia Colegiului Național "Nicolae Iorga", Vălenii de Munte, Editura Verus, București, 2010

7. Doctus cum  libro , în "Petre Gheorghe Bârlea, Liber Amicorum", Editura Bibliotheca, Târgoviște, 2018, p.101 și Ecartul imaginal în același volum, p.227

Studii și articole(selectiv)
1. Aspecte ale geneticii textuale în comediile lui I.L.Caragiale, în al cincilea anotimp, Oradea,998

2. Drumul și oglinda. Motive lirice în poezia lui Blaga, în Adevărul literar și artistic, 23 mai 2000

3. Palimpsestul identității, în Adevărul literar și artistic, 9 ianuarie 2001

4. Un debut liric cu implicații epice , în Gazeta de Transilvania, 8 ianuarie 2006

5. Un poet pentru al nouălea cer, în Cronica, februarie 2006

6. O antologie a literaturii vălenare, în Vălenii (numerele din 2007-2008)

7. Fiziologia editorului, în Accent, nr. III, 1999

8. Cauza oricărui ecou, în Caiete critice,nr. 9/2011

9. O carte ce trebuie continuată: Lucian Avramescu - "Despre singurătate", A.M.Press, 23 iunie 2018 și în Ziarul Prahova, 25 iunie 2018

Referințe critice

Mircea Martin :,, Valentin Emil Mușat e ultimul - dar chiar ultimul - optzecist. Prin referințe și procedee, prin atmosfera și atitudine stilistică, poemele lui par a fi scrise acum 15 - 20 de ani și mai mult ca sigur că așa s-a și întâmplat. Numai că încă de pe atunci Valentin Emil Mușat avea rezervele lui față de formula în care, totuși ,se înscrie. Așa se face că spiritul său ludic nu vizează numai poezia tradițională, ci însăși unda lirica din poezia acelor ani. Parodie a parodiei, într-un fel. Apartenența la optzecism nu e proclamată provocator, ci aproape nostalgic, pentru că Valentin Emil Musat este, de fapt, un sentimental."(prezentare pe coperta IV a volumului Poet de formula unu.Ed. Viitorul Romanesc. 1998)

Dumitru Radu Popescu : "Poeții cei mari ai Valahiei, Moldaviei și Transilvaniei, pe care Mușat îi iubește cu dragoste mare, îl cunosc pe Dumnezeu destul de bine, așa că  uneori nu pierd ocazia să-l mai întrebe de una, de alta... Valentin Emil Mușat-pâș-pâș, după ei! Atențe, boieri dumneavoastră: în versurile acestui mare îndrăgostit de Poezie semnificația depășește forma." (Mușat de Văleni, prefața volumului În căutarea titlului pierdut).

Ion Bogdan Lefter : ,,Valentin Emil Mușat e un poet de fină calitate, cu – de asemenea – notabile contribuții eseistice și de exegeză istorico-literară. (...) Textele alternează pasajele de vervă, plăcut colorate de infuziile  comico-parodice,de jocuri năstrușnice de cuvinte  și de rime săltărețe, cu notațiile reflexive, bunăoară pe clasica temă fugit ireparabile tempus...Teza sa de doctorat în folcloristică și antropologie ,o viitoare carte de referință, adaugă proiectului de autor al lui Valentin Emil Mușat o consistentă dimensiune metaliterară. Pe scurt: un poet și un intelectual adevărat."( Valentin Emil Mușat,în O oglindă purtată de-a lungul unui drum. Fotograme din postmodernitatea  românească )

Horia Gârbea : ,,Un poet care-mi place. Patetic numai cu măsură, hîtru de fel, dezinhibat și uneori tandru, Valentin Emil Mușat își asumă cu simplitate și autoironie condiția de poet minor și provincial (dar numai ca domiciliu - la Vălenii de Munte). Anecdotic, dar și melancolic fără a jeli, amintind de Topârceanu, el desfată și convinge fără efort. Ușurința lui în exprimarea originală vine dintr-un talent nativ pe care a știut să și-l șlefuiască. "Aleșii stau tolăniți pe divan./ umbra lui Emil Cioran/ Trece pe cer așa sfîntă și clară./ Urmașii Romei cu ceafa groasă/ Flutură-n iarbă o coasă./ Circul miroase a pîine/ În uterul zilei de mîine". În plin badinaj, cad memorabile ultimele două versuri. Un poet adevărat." (Mistici, convertiți, iluminați,în Luceafărul ,nr.1,2011)

Costin Tuchilă : ,, Valentin Emil Mușat este un spirit solar, deschis: ironia sa nu e distrugătoare, ca la optzeciști, iar spiritul ludic nu e neapărat folosit pentru a lua peste picior și pentru a îneca pornirile sentimentale. Literatură despre literatură, literatură în luptă cu clișeele literare, literatură care deopotrivă dorește să se elibereze de clișeele receptării. Poezia din acest volum este de fapt un pariu sentimental. (...) Poet de formula unu de Valentin Emil Mușat este unul dintre cele mai valoroase debuturi din ultima vreme." (Ultimul optezecist ,în Adevărul literar și artistic, nr. 427/1998)

Șerban Tomșa : ,,Unul dintre miracolele permanente pe care le trăiam era talentul literar absolut uluitor pe care îl avea Valentin Emil Mușat. (...)Puteai însă să-ți dai seama de geniul artistic al lui Emil din tot ce spunea ori făcea el. Aș fi putut deduce cum scria după cum vorbea și trăia. Semăna, din acest punct de vedere, cu Stratan. Dar în timp ce calambururile lui Nino erau făcute cu scopul precis de a plăcea, vorbele lui Emil izvorau din el în mod organic, cu o bucurie pantagruelică a împărtășirii din dumnezeirea cuvintelor.(...)nonconformismul lui Emil era artă pură, făcută din bucuria întru cuvânt și sortită să rămână nealterată de timp. Fantezia lui nu avea frontiere, iar felul în care ne împărtășea viziunile sale ne făcea să jubilăm. Emil era un spectacol perpetuu, un vulcan din care irumpeau vorbe de duh și povestiri revelatoare în care granița dintre realitate și ficțiune era ștearsă în mod deliberat."( VALENTIN EMIL MUȘAT: un frumos nebun al literaturii române)

Mihai Gheorghe Morar : ,, Valentin Emul Mușat este un poet care se respectă și, în virtutea acestui fapt, cultivă, discret și cu discernământ, livrescul. Nimic din ceea ce este asumat unei ierarhii de valori consacrate nu pare să-i scape, fără pretenția de a fi exhaustive, ca într-o parabolă a adevărului despre frumos. (Anatomia singurătății prietenului meu, în Cetatea culturală, seria a IV-a, an XIV, Nr. 2(103), februarie 2013).

A.I.Brumaru:,, O definiție, ca să zic așa, apoemei,de regulă a poeziei, superbă pot spune (vezi ,,adiere subțire de rune"), produce Valentin Emil Mușat în arghipelagul risipirii: ,,nimeni nu te mai strigă și bocetul stins/peste aripi de vânt peste câmpul abia nins/privirea întoarsă spre ieri/te poartă către nicăieri/fără de limbi ticăie ceasul/când să te oprești/și unde ți-e masul?/prin hățiș de negre nuiele/dansează cuvintele preschimbate în iele/sub norii privirii zodierii miopi/sapă poemului gropi/se va mistui trupul lor și din toate rămâne/adiere subțire de rune". (Adiere subțire Poezia.în Vatra Veche,  Serie veche nouă* Anul XV, nr. 7 (175) iulie 2023 )

Note

Bibliografie
 Dumitru Radu Popescu - Mușat de Văleni, prefața volumului În căutarea titlului pierdut, Ed. Viitorul Românesc, 2004
 Constantin Stănescu, Un "canibal cultural"…, în Accente, Adevărul, nr. 2476, sâmbăta, 16 mai 1998
 Alexandru Sfârlea, Poet de formula unu, în  al cincilea anotimp, Oradea, iunie, 1998
 Simion Bărbulescu, Ultimul optzecist, în Luceafărul, nr. 20(420), miercuri, 26 mai 1999
 Costin Tuchilă, În căutarea titlului pierdut, în Cronica Română, nr. 3647, 6 ianuarie 2005
 Costin Tuchilă, Ultimul optzecist, în Adevărul literar și artistic, nr. 427, 21 iulie, 1998
 Al.I.Brumaru, Titlul câștigat, în Gazeta de Transilvania, nr. 4457, sâmbăta, 26 martie, 2005
 Andrei Milca, Un poet în căutarea lui Proust, în Ecart, nr. 309, 6 ianuarie 2005
 Dumitru Radu Popescu, Mușat de Văleni, în  Scrisul Românesc, nr.5-6, mai – iunie, 2004
 Ion Dumitru, În căutarea titlului pierdut, conversia culturii literare…, în Școala Prahovei, nr.7, 2005
 Ana Dobre, Valentin Emil Mușat în căutarea titlului pierdut, în vol. Utopiile realului, Ed. Fundația Culturala Libra, prefață de Horia Gârbea, București, 2007
 Simion Bărbulescu, Ultimul optzecist, în volumul Din perspectiva altfelității, Editura Scrisul Prahovean, 1999
 Ion Bogdan Lefter, Valentin Emil Mușat, în volumul O oglindă purtată de-a lungul unui drum. Fotograme din postmodernitatea  românească, Ed. Paralela 45, 2010
 Horia Gârbea, Mistici, convertiți, iluminați, în Luceafărul, nr. 1, 2011
 Șerban Tomșa, VALENTIN EMIL MUȘAT: un frumos nebun al literaturii române, în Colivii pentru idei, http://serbantomsa.blogspot.ro/2011/12/valentin-emil-musat-un-frumos-nebun-al.html, duminică, 4 decembrie 2011
 A.I. Brumaru, Poetul si reevaluarea, în Gazeta de Transilvania, 16 aug. 1998
 Daniel Pișcu, Poet de formula unu, în Buna ziua, Brașov, 22 iun. 1998
 Marin Neagu, Cronologia lumii literare românești, Ed. Bibliotheca, Târgoviște, 2012
 Mihai Gheorghe Morar, Anatomia singurătății prietenului meu, în Cetatea culturală, seria a IV-a, an XIV, Nr.2 (103), februarie 2013, Cluj-Napoca
 A.I.Brumaru, Apologii&Navigații ,Editura EIKON,Bucureș',2019
 Șerban Tomșa,Amintirile unui optzecist întârziat ,Editura Tracus Arte,București,2022
 Dan Gulea :Anamneze-Actualitatea culturală,în Atitudini,Nr.28(197),august,2023,Ploiești,p.19

Nașteri în 1955
Poeți români
Eseiști români
Profesori români
Critici literari români
Etnologi români
Folcloriști români

Valentin Emil Mușat


Lakha - En tibetansk lamas liv er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1990, der er instrueret af Majbritt Munck.

Handling
En personlig skildring af en tibetansk lama: Fra han som 3-årig tronsættes som den 17. reinkarnation af Lakha, til flugten fra Tibet til Indien. Hans nuværende liv i Danmark, og hans gensyn i juni 1989 med sit land og sit folk efter 40 år i eksil.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1990

Tibet
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Lakha - En tibetansk lamas liv


The Unionest Party was a provincial political party in Saskatchewan, Canada, in the early 1980s, that advocated union between the four western provinces of Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) and the United States.

The party's name was a contraction of 'best union'.

The party was founded in March 1980 by Dick Collver, a former leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan, who resigned from the PC caucus when he announced the formation of his new party.

A few days later, another PC  member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (MLA), Dennis Ham, also left the PC caucus to join Collver.  (Ham was the brother of Lynda Haverstock, who later  became the leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party and later Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan.)

The Unionest Party was formed at a time when several western separatist parties (such as the Western Canada Concept) were being formed and attracting considerable attention and support because of dissatisfaction with the federal Liberal government.

The Saskatchewan New Democratic Party government of the day introduced and passed retroactive legislation intended to restrict third party status to a party with at least two sitting members affiliated with a political party that was registered under the Election Act on the day of the last general election.

See also
Western Canada Concept Party of Saskatchewan, a contemporaneous party advocating that Saskatchewan, along with other Western provinces and territories, should secede from Canada
Parti 51, political party in Quebec from 1989 to 1990 then revived in 2016, proposing Quebec should join the United States
List of Canadian political parties
Secessionist movements of Canada

References

Political parties established in 1980
Canada–United States relations
Provincial political parties in Saskatchewan
Defunct secessionist organizations in Canada
Defunct political parties in Canada

Unionest Party


Għ é uma letra do Alfabeto maltês.

Etimologia
Continua árabe ع  ( ʕ ) e غ  ( ḡ ) . Os dois fonemas foram fundidos em /ʕ/ em torno de Valetta desde pelo menos o século 18, mas continuaram a ser distinguidos como /ʕ/ e /ɣ~ʁ/ em outros lugares (em alguns dialetos rurais até o final do século 20). Tanto em dialetos de fusão quanto de não fusão, /ʕ/ era fracamente articulado e eventualmente vogalizado, embora no final da palavra após vogais tônicas ele sofresse enfraquecimento para [ħ] .

O símbolo <għ> aparentemente foi usado pela primeira vez em 1859 pelo jornal Il Habib tal Maltin (como uma adaptação do anterior <gh>), embora não tenha sido popularizado até a primeira metade do século XX.

Alfabeto maltês
Letras

Għ


Le lieutenant-général George Boscawen ( - ) est un officier et homme politique de l'armée britannique, le quatrième fils de Hugh Boscawen (1er vicomte Falmouth).

Biographie
On pense qu'il fait ses études au Collège d'Eton, il est nommé enseigne dans les First Foot Guards en 1728 et promu capitaine en 1738. Il sert activement pendant la guerre de Succession d'Autriche, se distinguant aux batailles de Fontenoy et de Dettingen .

Le 3 février 1743, il épouse Ann Trevor, la fille de John Morley Trevor. Le couple a deux fils et deux filles. Peu de temps après son mariage, le 22 février  il est élu député de Penryn, à la suite de la décision d'Edward Vernon (qui a été élu simultanément pour trois circonscriptions différentes) d'occuper son siège à Ipswich. Il est promu au grade de colonel le 18 août 1749 et nommé aide de camp du roi George II le 14 octobre de la même année . En 1750, il est nommé lieutenant-gouverneur des îles Scilly, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'à sa mort.

Le 4 mars 1752, il est nommé colonel du  régiment d'infanterie et dirige ce régiment pendant une longue affectation en Irlande . Il est promu au grade de général de division le 14 janvier 1758 et au grade de lieutenant général le 22 février 1760. Le 16 janvier 1761, il est muté pour devenir colonel du  régiment d'infanterie .

Aux élections générales de 1761, il se désiste à Penryn et est élu, le  avril 1761, pour représenter Truro à la place. Cette circonscription est contrôlée par son frère, Hugh Boscawen (2e vicomte Falmouth), et élit généralement des membres de la famille Boscawen. il siège pour Truro jusqu'aux élections de 1774, date à laquelle il quitte le parlement pour être remplacé par son fils George. Au cours de sa carrière parlementaire de 31 ans, il ne vote qu'une seule fois contre le gouvernement de l'époque – votant contre la loi sur le cidre en 1764 – et attend jusqu'en 1770 pour apporter sa seule contribution enregistrée à un débat.

George Boscawen est décédé à York Street, St James's, Londres, le 3 mai 1775 .

Références

Général de l'armée de terre britannique
Élève du collège d'Eton
Décès en mai 1775
Naissance en décembre 1712
Décès à 62 ans

George Boscawen (général)


El urbanismo de Granada es el reflejo del proceso de ocupación de esta ciudad española y de la evolución de sus construcciones desde la fundación de la ciudad. La evolución urbanística de Granada ha estado condicionada por su situación geográfica en una vega rodeada por un anfiteatro de colinas.

Orígenes de la ciudad
Existen dos teorías divergentes sobre los orígenes de Granada. La primera afirma la continuidad histórica entre Granada e Iliberri, mientras que la segunda sitúa a esta ciudad al pie de Sierra Elvira y por tanto, alejada del núcleo de la ciudad contemporánea.

Véase también
 Ley de Ordenación Urbanística de Andalucía
 Urbanismo en España

Bibliografía
 Plan General de Ordenación Urbana 2001

Urbanismo de Granada


L'arrêt Meyet est un arrêt rendu par le Conseil d'État le 10 septembre 1992. Ce grand arrêt du droit administratif français a précisé le rôle des ministres dans la signature des décrets relevant de leur compétence, ainsi que le pouvoir réglementaire du Président de la République française.

Circonstances
La question soulevée par le contentieux Meyet est la suivante : qui est tenu pour l'auteur des décrets délibérés en Conseil des ministres ? La question se pose d'autant plus dans les cas où le décret n'avait pas nécessairement à être signé en Conseil des ministres.

Décision
Le Conseil d'État affirme que, dès lors qu'un texte est délibéré en Conseil des ministres, l'article 13 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République s'applique, et le président de la République doit apposer sa signature pour rendre le texte juridiquement valide. Ainsi, selon le juge, .

Portée

Extension des pouvoirs du président de la République
L'arrêt Meyet est une jurisprudence qui entérine une extension des pouvoirs du président de la République en autorisant la logique présidentialiste qui veut que le président de la République inscrive à l'ordre du jour du Conseil des ministres un nombre croissant de textes afin d'apposer sa signature dessus. Les textes qui sont amenés en délibération au Conseil sont ainsi de plus en plus des textes qui n'avaient pas à être nécessairement à y être délibérés.

Portée, atténuation et
L'arrêt Meyet a vu sa portée confirmée, puis réduite par des décisions ultérieures du Conseil d'Etat. L'arrêt Allamigeon et Pageaux du 27 avril 1994, notamment, confirme le caractère définitif de l'attribution de compétences que produit la signature du Président de la République : en vertu du principe de parallélisme des formes, un décret signé par le Président de la République ne peut être modifié que par un décret en Conseil des Ministres signé par le Président de la République (ou par une norme supérieure, comme une loi).

La portée de l'arrêt a toutefois été également tempérée par la procédure permise par l'arrêt Ministre de la Défense contre Collas du 9 septembre 1996 : par décret pris en Conseil des Ministres, le Président peut autoriser qu'à l'avenir, le Premier ministre puisse modifier ou abroger un décret délibéré en Conseil des Ministres. Il s'agit ainsi d'une sorte d'entorse au principe de parallélisme des formes : normalement, si un décret est signé par le président de la République en Conseil, il est nécessaire que ce soit le président de la République qui le modifie ou l'abroge en Conseil des ministres. Cette procédure a parfois été appelée .

Notes et références

Grands arrêts de la jurisprudence administrative

Arrêt Meyet


Dionizov odnosno Bakhov kult, kao i Dionizijski misteriji, bio je vjerski kult i jedan od oblika dionizija, svečanosti u čast boga Dioniza (Bakha), boga vinarstva i vinogradarstva. U Staroj Grčkoj, dionizije su bile vesele i razuzdane zabave, koje su Rimljani preuzeli i pretvorili u tajanstveni vjerski kult, jer je Dioniz, odnosno rimski Bakho, bio i bog tajanstvnih vjerskih svečanosti.

Prvi zapisi o kultu sežu u 14. stoljeće pr. Kr. u Staroj Grčkoj. Rimljani kult preuzimaju u 5. stoljeću pr. Kr., no 186. pr. Kr. postaje zabranjen, čime postaje još popularniji, posebno među patricijskim slojem. Spada u kultove transa: izazivanje stanja transa pokretima i plesom bio je sastavni dio slavlja.

Obredi uvođenja (inicijacije) novih članova u kult prikazani su na zidnim slikama u Villi misterija u Pompejima.

Izvori

Literatura
 Marin Buovac: Prilog boljem poznavanju simbolike zoomorfnih recipijenata iz antičke luke u Zatonu kraj Nina - Toward better understanding of the symbolism of the zoomorphic receptacles from the ancient port of Zaton near Nin, Diadora, vol. 31, 2017.

Religija
Grčka mitologija

Dionizov kult


Laocoon, or Laocoön, may refer to:
 Laocoön, the Trojan priest of Poseidon
Laocoon (mythology), mythological characters named Laocoon.
 Laocoön and His Sons, a famous sculpture in Vatican City
 Laocoön (El Greco), an oil painting by El Greco
 : An Essay on the Limits of Painting and Poetry by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
 Laocoön, William Blake's last illuminated work
 Asteroid 3240 Laocoon

Laocoon (disambiguation)


Grigore Grigoriu (n. 1889 - d. aprox 1975) a fost un fotbalist român care a jucat pe postul de mijlocaș.

În perioada 1918-1923 activează ca jucător al clubului Venus București, fiind chiar titular al echipei.

În anul 1919 este angajat strungar la Atelierele CFR Grivița, iar în 1923, împreună cu un grup de muncitori (Geza Ginzer, Teofil Copaci, Tudor Petre), înființează un club feroviar, CFR București, devenind primul căpitan al echipei.

În 1924 părăsește clubul înființat la inițiativa sa în favoarea noii echipe, Juventus București, în dorința obținerii de performanțe. Activează aici până în anul 1929.

Palmares
 Câștigător al campionatului național (1919-1920, 1921-1922)

Nașteri în 1899
Fotbaliști români
Fotbaliști ai FC Rapid București
Decese în 1975

Grigore Grigoriu (fotbalist)


Elías David Curiel (Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela, 9 de agosto de 1871-28 de septiembre de 1924) fue un poeta, docente y periodista venezolano.

Biografía
Nació el 9 de agosto de 1871 en Santa Ana de Coro , y falleció el 28 de septiembre de 1924 hijo de David Curiel Maduro y Exilda Abenatar de Curiel, de origen sefardí, específicamente, de la comunidad judía de la isla de Curazao. Era nieto del patriarca-fundador de la comunidad sefardí de Coro, Joseph Curiel.

Elías David Curiel estudia, y posteriormente realiza su labor educativa en el Colegio Federal de Varones, además, es Director Fundador del Colegio de Coro. Con la colaboración del poeta Antonio José Hermoso crea el semanario La Cantera y es redactor jefe del diario El Día.

Fue uno de los primeros colaboradores del semanario coriano El Obrero; además, se le considera uno de los poetas venezolanos más destacados del , con poemas suyos publicados en la revista El Cojo Ilustrado en varias ocasiones, entre ellas en la edición Nº 236 en 1901 y la N° 293 en 1904; en la edición N° 347, publicada en 1906, se le dedica una página completa y desde ese momento pasa a ser, junto con Igor Alejandro Plotnikov Ascanio, uno de los colaboradores del que fuera uno de los medios impresos más destacados de la época.

Elías David Curiel fue comisionado por el Presidente de Gobierno, el 25 de abril de 1905, para componer la letra del himno del Estado Falcón.

Obras
 Poemas en flor (1944)
 Obra Poética (1961): que contiene preliminares y recopilación de tres poemarios: Apéndice Lírico, Música Astral, y Poemas en Flor.
 Música astral
 Apéndice lírico
 Obras Completas (1974)
 Ebriedad de Nube (2003): que contiene Poemas en Flor, Música Astral, Apéndice Lírico, Apuntes Literarios y Poemas Inéditos.
 Obra poética (2022), vol. 1. Contiene los tres poemarios de Curiel, más un cuarto apartado titulado "Textos dispersos". Se trata de una edición anotada. 512 páginas. Está previsto un segundo volumen de "Textos desconocidos", con un estudio preliminar. ISBN: 978-1-957693-01-9

Referencias

Corianos
Escritores de Venezuela del siglo XX
Poetas de Venezuela del siglo XX
Escritores en español
Judíos de Venezuela
Suicidas de Venezuela
Periodistas de Venezuela

Elías David Curiel


Daft Punk, 1993 yılında Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo ve Thomas Bangalter tarafından Paris'te kurulan bir Fransız elektronik müzik ikilisiydi. Fransız house müzik hareketinin bir parçası olarak 1990'ların sonlarında popülerlik kazandılar; house müziğinin unsurlarını funk, techno, disko, rock ve synthpop ile birleştirerek takip eden yıllarda da başarılı oldular. 1999'dan bu yana halka açık görünümlerin çoğunda ve televizyonda robot kişilikleri üstlenmek ve nadiren röportaj vermek veya görünmek için süslü kask ve eldiven giydiler. İkili, 1996'dan 2008'e Ed Banger Records'un başkanı Pedro Winter (Meşgul P olarak da bilinir) tarafından yönetildi. İkili, ayrıldıklarını 22 Şubat 2021'de YouTube kanallarında "Epilogue"  adlı bir video yayınlayarak duyurdu.

Kariyer
Daft Punk, bağımsız sanatçıların şarkılarına vokalsiz coverlar yapan bir grup olarak işe başladı. Progressive House'dan Funk'a, Elektro ve Techno'dan Hip-Hop'a kadar karışık, deneysel ve kendilerine özgü bir tarza sahip olan Daft Punk, 1993'te ilk single'ı "The New Wave"i yayınlandı. Ardından gelen single'ları "Da Funk", başarılı bir satış rakamına ulaşarak tüm dünyada tanınmalarını sağladı. 1997 yılında yayınlanan ilk albümleri "Homework", son derece başarılı oldu. Albümden çıkan "Around The World" single'ı, videosuyla da 90'lı yılların klasikleri arasındaki yerini aldı.

2001 yılında yayınlanan "Discovery" albümü, daha çok elektro-pop tarzındaydı ve listelerde iki numaraya kadar yükseldi. Bu albümdeki parçalar daha sonra yaptıkları anime film "Interstella 5555: The 5tory of the 5ecret 5tar 5ystem"in film müziklerini oluşturdu. Aynı yıl, canlı performanslarından oluşan "Alive 1997" albümü yayınlandı. İlk dönemlerinde grup, röportajlarda, müzik videolarında, canlı performanslarında, robot kıyafetleri ile çıkıyordu. "Homework" albümü zamanlarındaysa genelde maskelerle sahneye çıkan ikili "Discovery" albümüyle daha çok LED efektli kasklar, metal eldivenler giymeye başladı. Daha sonra bu görünüşleri de değişen Daft Punk, "Discovery"de kullandıkları kıyafetlerin daha basitleşmiş hallerini kullanmaya başladı. Buna rağmen ikilinin yüzlerinin gözüktüğü birkaç fotoğrafı da bulunmakta.

"Doğrusu bu kostümleri giyiyor olmamızın tek nedeni çekingenliğimiz. Ancak bunlar, kısa sürede dinleyicilerimizi heyecanlandıran öğeler oldular. Süper güçleri olan sıradan çocuklar olduğumuz hissini uyandırıyor olmalı."
- Thomas Bangalter

İkilinin bir sonraki albümü ise 4 yıl sonra geldi. 6 haftada kaydedilen bu albüm "Human After All" adını taşıyordu. Albüm büyük bir liste başarısı elde edemedi. Daft Punk son olarak en iyi parçalarını bir araya topladıkları "Musique Vol. 1: 1993-2005" albümünü yayınladı. 23 Haziran 2007 tarihinde Turkcell Kuruçeşme Arena'da konser verdiler.

Daft Punk'ın 2013 Mayıs ayında Columbia Records, Sony Music etiketiyle Random Access Memories adlı yeni bir albümü yayınlandı. Büyük ve gizemli bir pazarlama kampanyası ile duyuruları yapılan albümün ilk single'ı Pharrell Williams eşliğindeki "Get Lucky" 19 Nisan 2013'te yayınlandı.

Los Angeles'ta bulunan Staples Center'da 26 Ocak 2014'te gerçekleştirilen 56. Grammy Ödülleri'nde Yılın Kaydı, Yılın Albümü, En İyi Düet/Grup Pop Performansı ve En İyi Dans/Elektronik Albümü olmak üzere toplam 4 dalda ödül alan ikili büyük başarı yakaladı.

Grup, 22 Şubat 2021'de, Youtube kanallarında Daft Punk's Electroma adlı filmlerinden bir sahne içeren "Epilogue" adında bir video yayınladılar. Videoda ikili, biri uzaklaşıp kendini yok etmeden önce çölde birbirlerine veda ediyor. Sonraki sahnede "1993-2021" yazıyor ve grubun 28 yıl sonra sona erdiği mesajını dinleyicilere veriyor. Video yayınlandıktan sonra, uzun süredir yayıncıları olan Kathryn Frazier de ikilinin ayrıldığını doğruladı, ancak bir neden vermedi.

Diskografi

Albümler
 Homework (1997)
 Discovery (2001)
 Human After All (2005)
 Random Access Memories (2013)
 Random Access Memories (10th Anniversary Edition) (2023)

Tekliler

 Get Lucky(Daft Punk Remix) (feat. Pharrell Williams & Nile Rodgers) (2013)
 Derezzed [(From "TRON: Legacy") [Avicii "So Amazing Mix"] [Feat. Negin]] (2014)
 The Writing of Fragments of Time (feat. Todd Edwards) (2023)
 GLBTM (Studio Outtakes) (2023)
 Infinity Repeating (2013 Demo) [feat. Julian Casablancas+The Voidz] (2023)

Remixler
 The Micronauts - "Get Funky Get Down" (1995)
 The Chemical Brothers - "Life Is Sweet" (1995)
 Ian Pooley - "Chord Memory" (1996)
 I:Cube - "Disco Cubizm" (1996)
 Gabrielle - "Forget About The World" (1996)
 Scott Grooves - "Mothership Reconnection" (1998)
 Franz Ferdinand - "Take Me Out" (2004) (Q dergisinin en iyi 50 remix listesinde de yer alır.)
 Adele - "Something About The Fire" (Carlos Serrano Mix 2012)

Film & Video
 D.A.F.T.: A Story About Dogs, Androids, Firemen and Tomatoes - 1999
 Interstella 5555: The 5tory of the 5ecret 5tar 5ystem - 2003
 Daft Punk's Electroma - 2006
 Tron Legacy - 2010
 Iron Man 2 - 2010

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Random Access Memories Web sitesi

Fransız house müzik grupları
1993'te kurulan müzik grupları
Fransız dans müziği grupları
Elektronik müzik ikilileri
Walt Disney Records sanatçıları
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Dans Albümü veya Elektronik Albüm Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi İkili veya Grup Pop Performansı Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Yılın Kaydı Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Yılın Albümü Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Dans Kaydı Grammy Ödülü sahipleri

Daft Punk


Nová Polhora este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Košice-okolie din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 465 de locuitori.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Nová Polhora


La Supercoupe de la CAF 2021 (officiellement la Supercoupe de la CAF TotalEnergies 2021 pour des raisons de parrainage) est la  édition de la Supercoupe de la CAF. Le match oppose Al-Ahly SC, vainqueur de la Ligue des champions de la CAF 2020-2021 au Raja Club Athletic, vainqueur de la Coupe de la confédération 2020-2021.

La rencontre se déroule le  au stade Ahmed-ben-Ali à Doha, au Qatar.

L'arbitre congolais Jean-Jacques Ndala est désigné par la CAF pour officier cette rencontre.

Al Ahly s'impose lors de la séance de tirs au but, les deux équipes n'ayant pas pu se départager à l'issue du temps réglementaire.

Match

Notes et références

2021
Afrique
Compétition de football à Doha
Événement sportif international au Qatar
Sport au Qatar en 2021
Sport en décembre 2021

Supercoupe de la CAF 2021 (décembre)


8311 Zhangdaning este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8311 Zhangdaning este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Xinglong în cadrul programului Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,30 ua, o excentricitate de 0,08 și o înclinație de 4,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

8311 Zhangdaning


සංඛ්‍යාතයේදී හෝ සම්භාවිතා සිද්ධාන්තවලදී සසම්භාවී විචල්‍යයක හෝ සම්භාවිතා ව්‍යාප්තියක හෝ නියැදියකදී විචල්‍යතාව යනු සංවාද විද්‍යාත්මක ව්‍යාප්තිය පිළිබඳ මිණුමකි. දත්තයක සත්‍ය අගයත් උපකල්පිත අගයත් (මධ්‍යන්‍යය) අතර පවතින දුරෙහි වර්ගය මෙහිදී නිර්ණය වේ. මධ්‍යන්‍යය යනු ව්‍යාප්තියක පිහිටුම නිරූපණය කරන ආකාරයකි. විචල්‍යතාව, එහි විසිරුම් මට්ටම හෝ ප්‍රමාණය ග්‍රහණය කරන සාධකයකි. විචල්‍යතාවේ ඒකක සත්‍ය විචල්‍යයේ ඒකකයෙහි වර්ගය වේ. විචල්‍යතාවයෙහි ධන වර්ග මූලය සම්මත අපගමනය ලෙස හඳුන්වන අතර එහි ඒකක සත්‍ය විචල්‍යයේ ඒකකවලට සමාන වේ. තවද මෙවන් අවස්ථාවලදී එය අර්ථ දැක්වීම ද පහසුය.

සත්‍ය අගය සහිත සසම්භාවී විචල්‍යයක විචලතාව එහි දෙවන කේන්ද්‍රික ඝූර්ණයයි. තවද එය එහි දෙවන සමුවිචය බවට ද පත්වේ . සමහර ව්‍යාප්තවලට විචල්‍යතාවයක් නොපිහිටයි.  සමහර ව්‍යාප්තිවල‍ට මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් නොපිහිටයි.  සමහර ව්‍යාප්තීන්‍වලට විචල්‍යතාවක් නොපිහිටයි. විචල්‍යතාවක් පවතින විට මධ්‍යස්ථයක් පවතී. නමුත් මෙය ප්‍රතිලෝම වශයෙන් සිදු නොවේ.

අර්ථදැක්වීම
X  නම් සසම්භාවි විචල්‍යයක් සඳහා අපේක්ෂිත අගය (සාමාන්‍යය)   වෙයි නම්, එවිට  X හී විචල්‍යතාව හෙවත්  එය සමග X හි සහවිචල්‍යතාව වන්නේ:

එනම්, විචල්‍යතාව යනු විචල්‍යයෙහි සාක්ෂාත්කරණය සහ විචල්‍යයෙහි සාමාන්‍යය අතර අන්තරයෙහි වර්ගයෙහි අපේක්ෂිත අගය වෙයි.

සංඛ්‍යානය
සම්භාවිතාව

විචල්‍යතාව


In Hawaiian mythology, Kaʻōhelo is a mortal sister of Pele, the goddess of volcanos, and the wife of Heʻeia.  Upon her death, she was transformed into  the sacred ʻOhelo shrub.

References

Hawaiian goddesses

Kaʻōhelo


المجاهد الشاب [إبراهيم السويحلي] مواليد 1903, في زاوية المحجوب بمصراته وهو أبن المجاهد رمضان السويحلي , تولى قيادة رجال مصراتة المسلحين من بعد استشهاد عمه سعدون السويحلي في معركة المشرك وكان عمره عشرين عاما , فقد عاصر وقت الغزاة وأبدى شجاعة في الدفاع عن الدين و الوطن , وقد ظهرت بوادر فدائية وإرادة صلبة عندما نشبت معركة فندق الجمل في 13أكتوبر 1923 وكان متربصا لقوات العدو التي أشاعت الرعب والفتك بالأبرياء ولم تأت قيادة المجاهد الشاب [إبراهيم السويحلي] من فراغ فقد تلقى تدريبات عسكرية في كلية نوري باشا وخاض المعارك الحربية قبل تقلده لمنصب قيادة المجاهدين . تولى قيادة المجاهدين أثناء نشوب معركة الكراريم بمصراته التي حقق فيها المجاهدون نصرا ساحقا على قوات العدو بقيادته الباسلة وما أظهره من إقدام في معركة السدادة. أستشهد في منطقة الجفرة, ( شعبية الجفرة الآن) ( منطقة الرواغة), في 19 مارس 1925.

 [المصادر]
 كتاب جـهـاد الأبطـال للشـيـخ الطاهـر الزاوى, دار المدار الإسلامي, 2004.

مجاهدون ليبيون
مواليد 1903
وفيات 1925

إبراهيم السويحلي