La Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) proporciona formación universitaria en el ámbito de las ciencias de la documentación. Los alumnos titulados en la facultad están capacitados para trabajar en bibliotecas, archivos y centros de documentación, así como en la organización de contenidos web y en la gestión de servicios de información a través de internet. Su festividad es el 23 de abril, Día Internacional del Libro.

La actual Facultad es heredera de una larga tradición de estudios en el ámbito de los estudios de la archivística y la biblioteconomía, que se remonta al año 1856. Fue en este año cuando se creó la Escuela Superior de Diplomática, institución educativa del Estado que, tras su desaparición en 1900, se integró en la entonces Universidad de Madrid, desde 1970 Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A finales de los años 80 del mismo siglo se aprobó el área de conocimiento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, dándose entonces los pasos para la creación en toda España de escuelas universitarias en dichas disciplinas. Entre 1990 y 1991 la Universidad Complutense aprobó la creación de una de ellas en su seno. Nació así, en 1990, la Escuela Universitaria de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, que se convirtió en Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación en 2006. En 2006 la recién creada Facultad conmemoró el 150 aniversario de la fundación de la Escuela Superior de Diplomática (1856-2006).

Edita, desde 1991, la Revista General de Información y Documentación, que recoge trabajos de investigación relacionados con las ciencias de la documentación generados en la escuela (hasta agosto de 2006) y en la facultad (desde septiembre de 2006) y fuera de ella.

Desde 1992, la facultad organiza anualmente unas jornadas que en cada nueva edición profundizan en un tema de interés bibliotecario, documental o archivístico. Hasta su 25.ª edición, en 2006, se denominaron Jornadas EUBD (porque eran las jornadas de la Escuela Universitaria de Biblioteconomía y Documentación). A partir de la 26.ª edición, en 2007, cuando el centro ya se denominaba Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación, pasaron a denominarse Jornadas FADOC.

Su biblioteca está especializada en archivística, bibliografía, biblioteconomía, documentación, historia del libro y de la imprenta y otras materias afines. Ofrece en torno a 9000 libros y está suscrita a 75 títulos de publicaciones periódicas.

Estudios

Programas de título de grado
 Grado en Información y Documentación.

Programas de máster
 Máster Universitario en Gestión de la Documentación, Bibliotecas y Archivos.
 Máster Universitario Documentación Fotográfica. Recuperación, Tratamiento y Difusión.
 Máster Universitario en Libro Antiguo y Patrimonio Bibliográfico.

Programas de doctorado
 Doctorado en Ciencias de la Documentación.

Colaboración en otros programas
 Grado en Musicología.
 Máster en Patrimonio Histórico Escrito.

Departamentos
 Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación.

Decanos
El cambio jurídico del centro producido en 2006, transformándose de escuela universitaria en facultad, también propició el cambio en la dirección del centro, pasando de director a decano.

 José López Yepes (1990-1998). Director de Escuela.
 Luis Fernando Ramos Simón (1998-2002). Director de Escuela.
 Pedro López López (2002-2005). Director de Escuela.
 Luis Fernando Ramos Simón (2005-2011). Decano.
 José María de Francisco Olmos (2011-2015). Decano.
 José Luis Gonzalo Sánchez-Molero (2015-...).Decano.

Otros servicios y asociaciones

Véase también
 Facultad de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Comercio y Turismo de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Educación - Centro de Formación del Profesorado de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
 Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación de la UCM
 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
 Facebook de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Documentación
Bibliotecología
Archivística
Chamberí

Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)


An Gomesa handroi in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Frederico Carlos Hoehne, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Guido Frederico João Pabst. An Gomesa handroi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gomesa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Gomesa

Gomesa handroi


José Roberto da Silva Júnior ya da Zé Roberto (d. 6 Temmuz 1974, Ipiranga, Brezilya), Brezilyalı orta saha oyuncusuydu.

Kariyerinde Real Madrid, Bayer 04 Leverkusen ve Bayern Münih gibi takımlarda forma giymiştir. Hamburg takımıyla 2009-2010 ve 2010-2011 sezonlarında Bundesliga'da top koşturan oyuncu 2011 yazı itibarıyla Dûrî Nücûm Katar ekiplerinden El-Ğarafe'ya transfer olmuştur.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Leverkusen kim kimdir?

1974 doğumlular
Brezilyalı futbolcular
Brezilyalı gurbetçi futbolcular
İspanya'daki Brezilyalı gurbetçiler
Almanya'daki Brezilyalı gurbetçiler
Katar'daki Brezilyalı gurbetçiler
Brezilya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Real Madrid CF futbolcuları
CR Flamengo futbolcuları
Bayer 04 Leverkusen futbolcuları
FC Bayern München futbolcuları
Santos FC futbolcuları
Hamburger SV futbolcuları
Al-Gharrafa oyuncuları
1996 CONCACAF Altın Kupa futbolcuları
1997 Copa América futbolcuları
1997 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1999 Copa América futbolcuları
1999 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
2005 FIFA Konfederasyonlar Kupası futbolcuları
2006 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Série A (Brezilya) futbolcuları
İspanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Almanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Katar'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
La Liga futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Orta saha futbolcuları
UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'ni kazanan futbolcular
Bundesliga futbolcuları

Zé Roberto


Wiebelhausen war eine Siedlung zwischen Wilden, Wilnsdorf und Gilsbach im südlichen Siegerland im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert. 1355 erstmals erwähnt, ging sie vor 1417 bereits unter. Der Ort lag zwischen dem heutigen Landeskroner Weiher, Gilsbach und Würgendorf, vermutlich im Tal des Wiebelhäuser Bachs.

Die endgültige Besiedlung des Ortes begann zwischen 800 und 950 in der "Fränkischen Ausbauperiode". 1355 wurde die Siedlung Wiebelhausen erstmals unter dem Namen "Wybelhusen" erwähnt. Gräfin Adelheid von Nassau wies dem Ritter Johann aus Burbach 10 Mark Burglehengeld aus ihren Gütern Wiebelhausen, Schmidthain, Ratzenscheid, dem nahe gelegenen Höfen Windhain, Hillingsdorf und Budendorf zu. 1417 wurde die Siedlung letztmals als solche erwähnt: "Der Hoff tzu Wybelhusen yst wuste, 2 Malter Hafer und 1 Malterkorn". Die Notiz "Wüstung" ("wuste") lässt auf eine bereits verlassene oder im Begriff zu verlassene Siedlung schließen. Die erwähnten Abgaben bestanden dadurch, dass das Land noch vom neuen Wohnsitz aus bebaut wurde. In der gleichen Urkunde wird ein "Henne van Wibelhusen" mit Wohnsitz "Wylnstorff" genannt. In einem Register von 1461 taucht Wiebelhausen gar nicht mehr auf. Am 2. Februar 1471 übertrug Meuth von Selbach "den hoeff zu Webelhusen" und andere Höfe seinem Schwager. Auf einer alten Karte von 1600 taucht lediglich noch der Flurname "Wiebelhausen" auf, wie auch auf heutigen Kartenwerken.

Im Jahr 1801 hatten die Brüder Peter und Johann Schmit den Plan, Wiebelhausen neu zu besiedeln. Mit dem Argument, die dort gelegenen Wiesen und Felder könnten besser bestellt und verwaltet werden, als von Gilsbach oder Würgendorf aus, stellen die Brüder bei der fürstlichen Landesregierung einen Antrag. Wenigstens 20 Menschen könnten dort Lebensunterhalt finden. Da keine Antwort auffindbar ist, sind diese Pläne vermutlich durch die Wirren in der napoleonischen Zeit untergegangen.

Heute erinnern nur noch ein paar Flurnamen und Mauersteine an den Ort. Zudem durchquert die Trasse der Bundesautobahn 45 das ehemalige Ortsgebiet.

Ortsname
Der Name Wiebelhausen war eine Bildung mit dem Personennamen "Wibil", der seit 1349 in Siegen bekannt ist.
 1355, 1417: Wybelhusen
 1360: Webelshausen
 1417: Wibelhusen
 1471: Webelhusen
 1595: Wibelhausen

Literatur
 Franz Dango: Wilnsdorf – Geschichte und Landschaft, Verlag Vorländer, Siegen 1955.

Einzelnachweise

Wüstung im Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein
Geographie (Burbach, Siegerland)
Geographie (Wilnsdorf)
Geschichte (Burbach, Siegerland)
Geschichte (Wilnsdorf)

Wiebelhausen (Siegerland)


Adamsville may refer to:

Canada
Adamsville, New Brunswick
Adamsville, Ontario, a community
Adamsville, Quebec

United States
Adamsville, Alabama
Adamsville, Arizona, a former settlement
Adamsville, California, a former settlement
Adamsville, Delaware
Adamsville (Atlanta), Georgia, a neighborhood
Adamsville, Colrain, Massachusetts
 Adamsville, Hillsborough County, Florida
 Adamsville, Sumter County, Florida
Adamsville, Kansas
Salyersville, Kentucky, formerly known as Adamsville
Adamsville, Michigan
Adamsville, Ohio, a village in Muskingum County
Adamsville, Gallia County, Ohio
Adamsville, Pennsylvania
Adamsville, Rhode Island
Adamsville, Tennessee
Adamsville, Texas
Adamsville, Utah
Adamsville, West Virginia
Adamsville, Wisconsin

Adamsville


Pump (fra amerikansk, court shoe på engelsk) er en sko, der er skåret meget lavt foran eller i overlæderet og som ikke har nogle fastgørelsesanordning (lidt ligesom loafers). De er en del af den formelle herrepåklædning og kaldes nogle gange for en operapump eller operaslipper.

De er fremstillet i ét stykke overlæder, der får en kant af silke eller anden læder. Sålen er enten af læder eller gummi, og den limes på eller syes fast på de dyrere modeller. Forrest placeres normalt en sløjfe af grosgrainvævet silke eller rayon.

Pumps findes også som damesko. Hvis den får en strop over forfoden kaldes det en Mary Janes. Pumps til kvinder kan også have en ankelstrop.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Sko

Pump


A floresta animada (em galego O bosque animado, sentirás a súa maxia, ) é um filme de animação lançado em 2001. Baseado na novela El bosque animado de Wenceslao Fernández Flórez, foi o primeiro filme de animação em 3D feito na Europa. Foi um grande sucesso do audiovisual galego.

Em Portugal
A dobragem foi feita pelo estúdio Matinha, sediado em Lisboa, dirigida pelo ator Paulo Jorge Cabral de Figueiredo, mais conhecido como Paulo B. O filme participou no Fantasporto e no CINEECO (Festival internacional de Cinema e Vídeo de Ambiente Serra da Estrela da Iinternational Enviromental Film Festival Network).

Características
Produzido por Dygra Films e dirigido por Ángel de la Cruz e Manolo Gómez, foi feito em 3D após um trabalho de 4 anos no qual participaram mais de 400 profissionais.

Orçamento
O orçamento disponível ascendia a uns 550 millóns de pesetas, no primeiro ano de circulação dos euros, algo mais de 3'3 milhóns de euros da época. O filme foi visto por mais de meio milhão de pessoas.

Prêmios e nomeamentos
O filme ganhou Melhor Filme de Animação nos Premios Goya de 2002. Além disso, ganhou os seguintes prêmios: Melhor Filme de Animação no Festival Internacional de Cinema Infantil de Chicago (Estados Unidos) em 2002, Prêmio da Crítica no Fantasporto (Portugal) em 2002, Melhor Filme no Carrousel International du Film em Rimousky em 2002 (Quebec, Canadá), Prêmio do Júri Infantil no ZLIN Festival em 2002 (República Checa), sete prêmios audiovisuais Chano Piñeiro do  Audiovisual Galego (agora Premios Mestre Mateo da Galiza) (melhor filme, melhor direção, melhor roteiro, melhor banda sonora original, melhor iluminação, melhor direção artística e melhor direção de produção), Premio Comunicação da Xunta da Galiza em 2001, Prêmio AGAPI 2000 de Melhor Multimídia para o Site do Filme e Prêmio Rosa do Deserto no 1º Festival Internacional de Cinema do Saara, Tindouf, Argélia, 2003.

A cantora Luz Casal interpretou duas das músicas da trilha sonora do filme, ganhando também o prêmio Goya á Melhor Canção em 2002.

Veja também

Outros artigos

 O sonho de uma noite de São João
 O espírito da floresta
 El bosque animado (A floresta animada), filme de 1987 de José Luis Cuerda.

Links externos

 Zinema
 IMDb
 Conselho de Cultura Galega

Filmes dirigidos por Manuel Gómez Santos
Filmes dirigidos por Ángel de la Cruz
Filmes da Galiza
Filmes da Espanha
Filmes da Galiza de 2001
Filmes da Espanha de 2001
Filmes em língua galega

A floresta mágica


Skollibat, min elskede er en eksperimentalfilm instrueret af Tobi Twang efter manuskript af Tobi Twang.

Handling
Historien om Skollibat er en kærlighedshistorie fra det uægte liv, langt fra socialrealismens kvælende greb. Det er en historie om følelsernes liv og død, og om det hold, skæbnen har på menneskene, gennem de spil, den spiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2005

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Skollibat, min elskede


Czechow may refer to:
 Czechów, Lubusz Voivodeship, west Poland
 Czechów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south Poland
 Czechów, Polish form of the surname Chekhov

See also
 Chekhov (disambiguation)

Czechow


Dailis Alfonsas Barakauskas (* 29. Juni 1952 in Geručiai, Rajongemeinde Pakruojis) ist ein litauischer Politiker, ehemaliger Verkehrs- und Innenminister Litauens.

Biografie
Nach dem Abitur 1970 an der Mittelschule Žeimelis bei Pakruojis absolvierte Barakauskas von 1970 bis 1975 das Diplomstudium am Politechnikos institutas in Kaunas und 1989 das Studium der internationalen Beziehungen an der Universität Vilnius.

Ab 2008 war Barakauskas Honorarkonsul von Sri Lanka. Von 1997 bis 2000 war er Mitglied im Rat der Stadtgemeinde Šiauliai. Von 2000 bis 2004 und von 2008 bis 2012 war er Mitglied des Seimas und 2001 Verkehrsminister Litauens, von 2012 bis 2014 Innenminister Litauens. Er trat aus gesundheitlichen Gründen zurück.

Barakauskas ist verheiratet und hat mit seiner Frau zwei Töchter.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Seimo nario D. A. Barakausko interneto svetainė
 2000-2004 m. kadencijos Seimo narys Dailis Alfonsas Barakauskas
 2004-2008 m. kadencijos Seimo narys Dailis Alfonsas Barakauskas
 2008-2012 m. kadencijos Seimo narys Dailis Alfonsas Barakauskas

Mitglied des Europaausschusses (Litauen)
Mitglied des Sozialausschusses (Litauen)
Mitglied des Wirtschaftsausschusses (Litauen)
Verkehrsminister (Litauen)
Innenminister (Litauen)
Politiker (Šiauliai)
Honorarkonsul in Litauen
Tvarka-ir-teisingumas-partija-Mitglied
LLS-Mitglied
Person (Rajongemeinde Pakruojis)
Sowjetbürger
Litauer
Geboren 1952
Mann
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Mitglied des Ausschusses für auswärtige Angelegenheiten (Litauen)

Dailis Alfonsas Barakauskas


Det Jiddische politiforbund (originaltitel: The Yiddish Policemen's Union) er en roman fra 2007 af den amerikanske forfatter Michael Chabon, oversat til dansk af Svend Ranild. Den er en alternativ historie- og detektivroman, der foregår i en tidslinje hvor millioner af europæiske jøder har bosat sig i Sitka, Alaska, og Israel blev udryddet få måneder efter sin grundlæggelse i 1948.

I Det Jiddische politiforbund blev Slatteryrapporten fra 1940, der forslog at lade jøder der flygtede fra nazisterne bosætte sig midlertidigt i Alaska, implementeret. USAs regering opretter Sitka-distriktet, hvor millioner af jiddischtalende jøder bosætter sig, og Sitka bliver dermed en millionby og et centrum for jødisk kultur. Da Israel taber den arabisk-israelske krig 1948 bliver distriktet det nærmeste jøderne kommer på et hjemland. Efter planen vil Sitka blive del af Alaska igen efter 60 år, og byens befolkning står derfor en usikker fremtid i møde.

Hoveddelen af romanen foregår i nutiden, hvor betjenten Meyer Landsman efterforsker mordet på en narkoman på hotellet hvor han bor. Hans chef giver ham ordrer til at lukke sagen, fordi politiet snart skal opløses i forlængelse af Sitkas tilbageførsel til Alaska. Landsman bliver kontaktet af en gruppe mennesker, der gerne vil have ham til at fortsætte efterforskningen, og det viser sig at mordofferet var mere end bare en narkoman.

Kilder

Litteratur i 2007
Romaner fra USA

Det jiddische politiforbund


Abakan-Avia (En ruso: Абакан-Авиа) es una aerolínea basada en Abakan, Rusia. Ofrece servicios de carga por toda Rusia y la CEI, aunque también suele tener contratos con las Naciones Unidas para transportar insumos humanitarios a zonas de guerra y desastre. Sus aeropuertos principales son el Aeropuerto Internacional de Abakán y el Aeropuerto de El Obeid, en Sudán.

Historia

La compañía fue fundada en 1992 e inicio operaciones en 1993. La aerolínea anteriormente era una de las múltiples divisiones de Aeroflot que se convirtieron en aerolíneas independientes tras la caída de la Unión Soviética. Sus primeras operaciones eran vuelos regionales de carga, pero en 1994 empezó a ofrecer servicios de carga internacionales, principalmente dentro de la CEI, Asia Central y África. Sobol adquirió un 70% de la aerolínea en 2009, dejando el 30% restante en manos de sus empleados. Para 2007, la aerolínea contaba con 72 empleados, en su mayoría mecánicos. En 2002 se propuso una fusión con RusAir, para crear una compañía que ofreciera servicios de pasajeros y carga. Dicha fusión no se llevó a cabo por diferencias entre los directivos de ambas aerolíneas.

Flota

Flota actual

Flota Histórica

Helicópteros

Destinos

  China
  Chipre
  Emiratos Árabes Unidos
  India
  Mongolia
  Pakistán
  Rusia
  Singapur
  Sudán
  Tailandia
  Turquía
  Uganda

Campeonato de Rally

En septiembre de 2010 la FIA reveló que tenía planes para hacer una carrera de rally por la llamada Ruta de la Seda, en el tramo de San Petersburgo a Sochi. En este evento, Abakan Avia fue el patrocinador principal, además de que transporto todos los autos y personal que participarían en el rally.

Véase también
Anexo:Aerolíneas de Rusia

Referencias

 Datos básicos de la aerolínea

Aerolíneas desaparecidas de Rusia
Aerolíneas fundadas en 1992

Abakan-Avia


පහත රට තෙත් කලාපයේ සහ ඒ අසල කඳුකරයේ හමුවන අළු දෙමලිච්චා  ගෙවතුවල දක්නට ලැබෙන දෙමලිච්චාට වඩා මඳක් ලොකු දුලභ වනවාසී පක්‍ෂියෙකි. ලිංගික ද්විරූපතාවක් නැත.

කුරුල්ලෝ
ශ්‍රී ලංකා‍වට ආවේනික සතුන්

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කුරුල්ලෝ

අළු දෙමලිච්චා


Lance Strulovitch (født d. 29. oktober 1998), bedre kendt som Lance Stroll, er en canadisk-belgisk racerkører, som kører for Formel 1-holdet Aston Martin. Han opnåede sit første podium i Formel 1 ved Aserbajdsjans Grand Prix 2017, og blev hermed den næstyngste kører nogensinde til at opnå et podium i rækken, kun bag ved Max Verstappen.

Baggrund
Lance Stroll er søn af den canadiske milliardær forretningsmanden Lawrence Stroll. Hans mor, modedesigninger Claire-Anne Callens, kommer fra Belgien, og Lance holder som resultat statsborgerskaber i begge lande.

Han er af jødisk afstamning gennem sin fars familie.

Tidlige karriere

Gokarts
Stroll begyndte i gokarts som 10-årig, og havde her stor succes, da han vandt flere lokale og nationale mesterskaber i Canada.

Formel 4
Stroll rykkede i 2014 op i formelbiller, da han skiftede til det Italienske Formel 4 mesterskab. Han imponerede stort her, da han vandt mesterskabet i sin debutsæson.

Formel 3
Stroll rykkede i 2015 op i Formel 3 mesterskabet. Han konkurrerede her imod flere fremtidige Formel 1-kørere som Antonio Giovinazzi, Charles Leclerc, George Russell og Alex Albon. Stroll sluttede sæsonen på femtepladsen, med en enkelt sejr i sæsonen.

Stroll fortsatte i Formel 3 i 2016, og denne gang gik det bedre for Stroll, som vandt mesterskabet i overbevise stil.

Formel 1-karriere

Williams
Stroll var i 2016 sæsonen testkører for Williams, sideløbende med at han kørte Formel 3.

2017
Det blev i november 2016 annonceret, at Stroll ville køre for Williams i 2017 sæsonen, og hermed ville han tage det utraditionelle spring direkte fra Formel 3 til Formel 1. Han blev i sin alder af 18 år ved sæsonens start, den næstyngste kører i Formel 1 nogensinde, kun bag Verstappen. Han havde en god debutsæson i Formel 1, og opnåede ved Aserbajdsjans Grand Prix sit første podium, og blev hermed den næstyngste kører til at komme på podiumet nogensinde. Han sluttede sæsonen på tolvtepladsen i kørermesterskabet.

2018
Stroll fortsatte hos Williams i 2018 sæsonen. 2018 var dog en meget ringe sæson for Williams, som var blandt de langsomste. Stroll opnåede kun 6 point i sæsonen, og sluttede på attendepladsen, dog det var markant bedre end hans holdkammerat Sergej Sirotkin.

Racing Point

2019
Stroll skiftede ved 2019 sæsonen til Racing Point, efter at en gruppe ledt af hans far, Lawrence Stroll, havde købt holdet i løbet af den forrige sæson. Han sluttede sin debutsæson hos Racing Point med 21 point på femtendepladsen. Dette var dog ikke ligefrem en succes, da hans holdkammerat Sergio Pérez i sæsonen scorede 52 point, og kvalificerede sig foran Stroll ved 18 ud af 21 ræs.

2020
Stroll fortsatte i 2020 sæsonen med Racing Point. 2020 ville blive en markant bedre sæson for Racing Point, da deres bil var markant mere konkurrencedygtig. Dette var dog ikke uden kontrovers, da mange hold følte, at de havde kopieret Mercedes, og som resultat blev bilen givet øgenavnet 'Pink Mercedes'. Stroll opnåede sit andet karriere podium ved Italiens Grand Prix, hvor han sluttede på tredjepladsen. Ved Tyrkiets Grand Prix kom Stroll på pole position for første gang i sin karriere. Han sluttede sæsonen på elvtepladsen med 75 point.

Aston Martin

2021

Racing Point skiftede navn til Aston Martin før 2021 sæsonen. Sæsonen var dog rimelig anonym for Stroll, da sæsonens bedste placering var en sjetteplads ved Qatars Grand Prix. Han sluttede sæsonen på trettendepladsen.

2022
Stroll fortsatte med Aston Martin i 2022 sæsonen. 2022 var lidt den samme fortælling som 2022, og Stroll måtte nøjes med 18 point på femtendepladsen i sæsonen.

2023
Stroll forstætter med Aston Martin i 2023 sæsonen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Lance Strolls officielle hjemmeside

Formel 1-kørere fra Canada
Personer fra Montreal

Lance Stroll


مال ونساء فيلم مصري أُنتج في العام 1960 وأخرجه حسن الإمام، الفيلم من بطولة صلاح ذو الفقار، سعاد حسني، ويوسف وهبي، أنتجته أفلام جبرائيل تلحمي التابعة لجبرائيل تلحمي.

القصة
شحاته أفندى (يوسف وهبي) موظف في أحد المستشفيات، رجل بسيط ضميره حى يمثل شوكة في حلق زملائه الفاسدين المختلسين من مخازن المستشفى، وهم بدوى (محمد الديب) و حنفى (محمد صبيح) و برعى (توفيق الدقن) و الباشكاتب (عدلى كاسب) حيث يتفقون مع المورد (عباس رحمى) على إرسال مندوبه (عبد المنعم بسيوني) بنصف الكميات، ويوقعون على الفواتير بالكمية كاملة، ويأخذون الفرق لأنفسهم بعيدا عن شحاته، الذي كان يعيش مع زوجته أمينه (أمينة رزق) وابنته نعمت (سعاد حسني) المتطلعة للثراء والعز، وتحب جارها حسين (صلاح ذو الفقار) ابن عم صابر (فاخر فاخر) الجزمجى. كان حسين موظفا ومنتسبا لإحدى الكليات، وقد قرأ فاتحة نعمت، ولكن عندما شاهدهم شحاته أفندى منفردين فوق السطوح، أسرع بكتابة الكتاب، وتقدم للباشكاتب بطلب سلفة لتجهيز ابنته، وجدتها العصابة فرصة كى يسيطروا على شحاته، فقام الباشكاتب بتأخير السلفية، بينما أقنعه برعى بالاقتراض من أحد أصدقائه مقابل وصل أمانة، ريثما يتم صرف السلفة، وحينما تأكدوا أنه صرف المبلغ على جهاز ابنته، أعلمه الباشكاتب برفض السلفة، وطالبه برعى برد المال وإلا السجن. اكتشف شحاته الملعوب، فاعتدى على الباشكاتب، وأحيل إلى التحقيق، وتعرض للفصل والسجن، ومرضت زوجته، فاضطر لتقبيل قدم الباشكاتب الذي طالبه بأن يغمض عينيه عن الاختلاسات، وأعطاه المبلغ الذي طلبه من جيبه الخاص كدفعة أولى. أغمض شحاته عينيه وشفيت زوجته، وتزوجت ابنته، وسافرت مع زوجها إلى مناجم أبو زنيمة بالبحر الأحمر، وعانت من حياة الصحراء، وانشغال زوجها عنها بعمله ودروسه، فتمردت على هذه الحياة، ونشب الخلاف بينهما، فتركت له البيت وعادت للقاهرة، لتكتشف أن والدها قد ترك البيت، بعد أن رفضت أمينه أن يعيش معها بمال حرام، وقد استأجر منزلا مستقلا، وتغيرت حياته إلى الأفضل خدم وحشم، ففضلت نعمت الحياة مع والدها لتنعم بالعز معه، وحينما جاءها عم صابر يعتذر لها لتعود لمنزلها رفضت، وفضلت البقاء مع والدها، وعندما قابلها حسين واعتذر، قالت له شوف أنت ابن مين وأنا بنت مين (عايرته بأبيه الجزمجى) فأرسل لها ورقة الطلاق. لقد اغترت نعمت بالمظاهر الكاذبة، وانغمس شحاته في الخمر والنساء ليتمتع بما فاته من مباهج الدنيا. لكن تم اكتشاف الاختلاسات فقام برعى بحرق المخازن، وحاول شحاته إنقاذ المستشفى من الحريق، فمات محترقا، وحاولت نعمت أن تعود لحسين طالبة السماح، لكنه رفض. ولكن عم صابر طالبه بالعفو وأن يغفر لحبيبته التي أصبحت وحيدة في هذه الدنيا، فغفر لها.

فريق العمل
 إخراج: حسن الإمام
 تأليف: محمد عثمان، عبد الرحمن شريف
 إنتاج: أفلام جبرائيل تلحمي
 توزيع: أفلام جبرائيل تلحمي
 موسيقي: فؤاد الظاهري
 تصوير: عبد العزيز فهمي
 مونتاج: رشيدة عبد السلام

طاقم التمثيل

بطولة
 صلاح ذو الفقار في دور حسين
 سعاد حسني في دور نعمت
 يوسف وهبي في دور شحاتة
 أمينة رزق في دور أم نعمت
 فاخر فاخر في دور صابر
 توفيق الدقن في دور برعي
 عدلي كاسب في دور الباش كاتب
 محمد الديب في دور علي
 محمد شوقي في دور طه الساعي
 محمد صبيح في دور حنفي
 رجاء حسين في دور عزة
 عباس رحمي في دور صاحب شركة التوريدات
 عبد المنعم بسيوني في دور مندوب شركة التوريدات

بالاشتراك مع

انظر أيضًا
 قائمة الأفلام المصرية سنة 1960
 قائمة أعمال صلاح ذو الفقار
 قائمة أعمال سعاد حسني

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 شاهد ّمال ونساء" في سينموز

أفلام أمينة رزق
أفلام إنتاج 1960
أفلام تقع أحداثها في القاهرة
أفلام توفيق الدقن
أفلام دراما رومانسية إنتاج عقد 1960
أفلام رجاء حسين
أفلام رومانسية درامية مصرية
أفلام سعاد حسني
أفلام صلاح ذو الفقار
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1960
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود
أفلام مصورة في مصر
أفلام يوسف وهبي

مال ونساء (فيلم)


est une série télévisée américaine de comédie en dix-huit épisodes de 30 minutes, diffusés entre le  et le  sur la Fox.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

 Titre original :
 Réalisation : David Mirkin, Peter Baldwin, Steve Klayman, Rob Schiller et Allen Smithee
 Scénario : Julie Brown, Charlie Coffey, Charlie Kaufman, Ken Keeler, George Meyer, David Mirkin, Nancy Neufeld Callaway, J.J. Paulsen, Buddy Sheffield, Steve Tompkins et Jasper Cole
 Photographie :
 Musique : Stephen Graziano, Christopher Tyng, Steve Hampton et B.C. Smith
 Casting : Lisa London
 Montage : Pamela Malouf
 Décors :
 Costumes : Michelle Cole
 Production : Julie Brown et Charlie Singer
 Producteur délégué : David Mirkin
 Coproducteur : Charlie Coffey, Steve Tompkins, Tracey Ormandy et Hudson Hickman
 Producteur codélégué : Buddy Shefield et David J. Latt
 Producteur associé : Christy Webb et Bernice Howes
 Sociétés de production : Mirkinvision et TriStar Television
 Société de distribution : Sony Pictures Television
 Chaîne d'origine : Fox
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Genre : Comédie
 Durée : 30 minutes

Distribution

Acteurs principaux
 Jennifer Aniston
 Edd Hall
 Julie Brown
 Tom Kenny
 Wayne Knight
 Carol Rosenthal
 James Stephens III
 Jill Talley
 Rick Overton
 Alan Ruck
 Paul Feig

Acteurs récurrents et invités

Notes et références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 1992
Série télévisée disparue en 1993
Série télévisée de Fox
Série télévisée de Sony Pictures Television

The Edge (série télévisée)


කොළඹ බොරැල්ලේ ගෝතමී පාරේ පිහිටා ඇති ගෝතමී විහාරය වර්ෂ 1900 හි වෙසක් පුර පසලොස්වක දින අරඹන ලද්දකි. ගෝතමී විහාරය, එහි ඇති පුරාණ බිතු සිතුවම් නිසා මහත් ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත් වූ විහාරයකි. ප්‍රාචීන භාෂාවන්ගෙන් මෙන් ම බුරුම හා තායි භාෂාවන්ගෙන් ද ලියැවුණු දුර්ලභ ග්‍රන්ථ රාශියක් ඇතුළත් පුස්තකාලයක් ද දඹදිව ජය ශ්‍රී මහා බෝධීන් වහන්සේගේ ඵලරුහ බෝධියක් ද මෙහි ඇත. මෙම විහාරයේ වැඩ වාසය කළ ස්වාමීන් වහන්සේලා අතර ප්‍රාචීන භාෂෘ ශාස්ත්‍ර පිළිබඳ විශිෂ්ට පඬිරුවන් වූ තෙල්වත්තේ අමරවංශ, තෙල්වත්තේ ශ්‍රී ආරියවංශ යන හිමිවරු වෙත්.

ආරම්භය
මෙම විහාරයේ මූලික දායකත්වය දරන ලද්දේ ශ්‍රීමත් ජේම්ස් පීරිස්  ගේ මෑණියන් වූ ඇපලෝනියා ද සොයිසා පීරිස් විසිනි. විහාරය කරවා පූජා කෙ‍රුණේ දොඩන්දූවේ ශෛලබිම්භාරාමාධිපති ව වැඩ විසූ බෞද්ධ අධ්‍යාපනඥ පූජ්‍යපාද දොඩන්දූවේ ශ්‍රී පියරතන මාහිමියන් වෙත ය.

චිත්‍ර

මෙම විහාරය අතිශය ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත් වීමට ප්‍රධාන හේතුව වන්නේ ලෝක ප්‍රකට චිත්‍ර ශිල්පි ජෝර්ජ් කීට් (1901-1993) විසින් අඳින ලද අගනා බිතු සිතුවම් සමූහය මෙහි පිහිටා තිබීමයි.

කීට් විසින් 1939 මුල් භාගයේ දී අරඹන ලද මෙහි චිත්‍රකරණය 1940 දී නිම කරන ලදී. මෙහි දී ඔහුට අනුග්‍රහය දක්වන ලද්දේ ඇපලෝනියා පීරිස් ගේ මුණුබුරකු වූ හැරල්ඩ් පීරිස් විසිනි. කීට් ගේ චිත්‍රකරණය සඳහා අවශ්‍ය පරිදි ප්‍රතිමා ගෘහයේ බිත්ති සකස් කරන ලද්දේ ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශිල්පී ඇන්ඩෲ බොයිඩ් විසිනි. මුලින් තද දුඹුරු පැහැති රේඛා චිත්‍ර ලෙස නිමවන ලද බිතු සිතුවම් පසුව තෙල්වත්තේ ශ්‍රී අමරවංශ නාහිමියන් ගේ ඉල්ලීම පරිදි කීට් විසින් වණර්‍වත් කරන ලද බව පැවසේ.  චිත්‍රකරණය සඳහා කිසිඳු අය කිරීමක් නොකළ කීට් සායම් සඳහා වැය වූ මුදලින් සෑහීමකට පත් විය. කීට් විසින් අඳින ලද එක ම බිතු සිතුවම් සමූහය මෙය වීම විශේෂ කරුණකි.

බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව ඇති ගර්භය වටා පිහිටා තිබෙන ප්‍රදක්ෂිණා පථයෙහි පිට බිත්තියේ ඇතුළු පැත්තෙහි දේවාරාධනාව, මහමායා සිහිනය, සිද්ධාර්ථ කුමාරෝත්පත්තිය, ධනු ශිල්ප දැක්වීම, සරණ මංගල්‍යය, නළඟන රැඟුම්, ගිහිගෙයි කල කිරීම, සතර පෙර නිමිති දැකීම, රාහුල පුතුන් දැකීම, මහාභිනිෂ්ක්‍රමණය, අනෝමා නදියෙන් එතෙර වීම, කේෂඡේදනය, පිඬු සිඟා වැඩීම, ආලාර කාලාම තවුසා මුණ ගැසීම, මාර යුද්ධය යන බුදු සිරිතෙහි වැදගත් සිදුවීම් කීපයක් සිතුවමට නගා තිබේ. මෙම චිත්‍ර නිර්මාණයේ දී පෙරදිග පැරණි චිත්‍ර කලා සම්ප්‍රදාය අනුව එක් සිද්ධියක් අනෙක් සිද්ධිය හා බද්ධ වන පරිදි අඛණ්ඩ කථන න්‍යාය අනුගමනය කර තිබේ.

ප්‍රදක්ෂිණා පථයෙහි ඇතුළු බිත්තියෙහි පිට පැත්තේ මූණත් තුනක, බුදුන් වහන්සේ කිඹුල්වතට වැඩීම, ප්‍රථම ධර්මදේශනාව හා සම්බුද්ධ පරිනිර්වාණය වෙන් වෙන් ව සිතුවම් කර තිබේ.

සිංහල චිත්‍රවල එන මිනිස් රූ සාමාන්‍ය ප්‍රමාණයට වඩා විශාල ව සිතුවම් කොට ඇත. සිත්තරා පැරණි සම්ප්‍රදායෙන් පිටතට අවස්ථා ලෙස පැරණි විහාරවල සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ඇතුළු ගර්භයේ ඇස් මට්ටමෙන් ඉහළ සිතුවම් කෙ‍රෙන බුදු සිරිතේ සිද්ධි මෙහි ප්‍රදක්ෂිණා පථයේ ඇස් මට්ටමින් පහළ සිතුවම් කිරීම දැක්විය හැකි ය. ප්‍රධාන බිතු සිතුවම්වලට පහළින් ඇති අලංකරණ මෝස්තර නිමවා ඇත්තේ මේ යුගයේ විසූ ප්‍රකට සාම්ප්‍රදායික චිත්‍ර ශිල්පියකු වූ මංජුශ්‍රී විසිනි. විශේෂයෙන් මෙම චිත්‍රවල වටිනාකම සැලකිල්ලට ගනිමින් ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය විසින් 1989 වර්ෂයේ දී ගෝතමී විහාරය සංරක්ෂණය කළ යුතු ජාතික වස්තුවක් ලෙස ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කර තිබේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

විහාර
කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථාන
කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක

ගෝතමී විහාරය


Rostov Arena nogometni je stadion u Rostovu na Donu, u Rusiji. Sagradio se za potrebe nogometnog kluba Rostov, a na njemu se odigralo pet utakmica tijekom Svjetskog prvenstva u nogometu 2018. kojem je Rusija bila domaćin.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Službene stranice

Ruski nogometni stadioni

Rostov Arena


Sârbii din Austria sunt a doua cea mai mare naționalitate de imigranți din Austria după turci. Se estimează că populația sârbă din Austria este de aproximativ 250. 000 de cetățeni, întrucât ei întreabă doar naționalitatea și limba maternă în timpul recensămintelor, nu și etnia lor.  În Austria, în 2017 trăiesc aproximativ 118. 000 de cetățeni sârbi.  Primul val de imigranți sârbi a sosit la începutul secolului al XIX-lea și al doilea val cel mai important de imigrație în anii 1960 și 1970, când au ajuns caGastarbeiter. Ca și în alte țări din Europa de Vest, în Austria, imigrația sârbă a venit în principal din fostele state iugoslave din Serbia și Bosnia și Herțegovina. Există un număr semnificativ de sârbi care locuiesc la Viena, Salzburg și Graz.

Istorie
În timpul secolului al XVI-lea, primii coloniști sârbi au ajuns în Imperiul Habsburgic și mai ales la Viena, după ce teritoriile sârbe au intrat sub ocupație turcă. În timpul secolelor al XVII-lea și al XVIII-lea, la Viena s-a dezvoltat o viață intelectuală și culturală sârbă semnificativă. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, un reprezentant proeminent al intelectualilor sârbi, locuiește la Viena de mai bine de 50 de ani.

Începând cu anii '60, Gastarbeiteri fost recrutați în Austria din cauza deficitului tot mai mare de forță de muncă, iar în conformitate cu Convenția Raab-Olah din 1961, 10.000 de lucrători migranți sârbi au intrat în țară. Din 1966, în temeiul Convenției privind recrutarea lucrătorilor migranți cu Iugoslavia, lucrătorii migranți au venit în principal la Viena pentru a lucra ca lucrători din fabrică. În 1971, în Austria trăiau 93.337 de cetățeni iugoslavi, în 1973 cifra era de 230.000. Dintre cei 230.000 de iugoslavi, 78,5% proveneau din Serbia. În acest moment nu există date despre sârbi, deoarece Serbia a existat ca republică iugoslavă, nu ca stat separat.

Cultură

Religie
Comunitatea Bisericii Ortodoxe Sârbe a existat deja la Viena în 1860, iar în 1893 Catedrala Sfântul Sava a fost deschisă pe Landstraße în districtul 3 din Viena. Biserica ortodoxă sârbă austriacă aparține Eparhiei Austriei-Elveției, care are 4 biserici în Viena și, în plus, biserici în fiecare din capitala provinciei austriece.

Sârbi celebri austrieci

 Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, inovator al limbii sârbe
 Marko Arnautović, fotbalist
 Aleksandar Dragović, fotbalist
 Zlatko Junuzović, un fotbalist de origine sârbă bosniacă
 Pavle Julinac
 Marko Stanković
 Monika Ivkić, cântăreață
 Dodo Roscic, prezentator ORF, sora lui Bogdan Roscic
 Bogdan Roscic, jurnalist, prezentator de radio Ö3, șeful companiei de muzică clasică Sony Music, director al Operei de Stat din Viena
 Paja Jovanović, pictor realist

Galerie

Note

Sârbi
Sârbi expatriați
Expatriați în Austria
Diaspora sârbă

Sârbii din Austria


As competições de basquetebol nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024 em Paris, França, serão realizadas de 27 de julho a 11 de agosto de 2024. As partidas preliminares de basquete 5 contra 5 ocorrerão no Estádio Pierre Mauroy em Lille, com a fase final na Bercy Arena em Paris. Voltando ao programa pela segunda vez na história, as competições 3x3 serão disputadas na Place de la Concorde.

Resumo de Medalhas

Quadro de Medalhas

Eventos

Qualificação

Sumário
Até o presente momento, estas foram as nações já qualificadas aos Jogos Olímpicos de 2024:

5x5
Cada Comitê Olímpico Nacional podem inscrever apenas uma equipe masculina de 12 jogadores e uma equipe feminina de 12 jogadores.

Masculino

Feminino

3x3
Pela segunda vez na história, o torneio de basquete 3x3 volta ao programa com oito times disputando as modalidades masculina e feminina. Os Comitês Olímpicos Nacionais podem inscrever apenas uma equipe masculina de 4 jogadores e apenas uma equipe feminina de 4 jogadores. Cada equipa é constituída por três jogadores em campo e um único suplente.

Masculino

Feminino

Eventos dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024
2024

Basquetebol nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024


Akabe Körfezi Kızıldeniz'in kuzeyinde yer alan bir körfezdir. İsrail'de Eilat Körfezi adıyla bilinir. Batısında Sina Yarımadası, doğusunda Suudi Arabistan, kuzeyinde ise İsrail ve Ürdün bulunmaktadır. Körfezin en geniş noktası 24 kilometredir. Güneyden kuzeye 160 kilometredir.

Kuzeyinde üç önemli liman şehri, Taba (Mısır), Eilat (İsrail) ve Akabe (Ürdün) bulunur. Bu üç şehir aynı zamanda önemli turist merkezleridir. Körfez özellikle dalış sporları meraklılarının ilgi gösterdiği bir yerdir.

Mısır'daki su kütleleri
İsrail'deki su kütleleri
Ürdün'deki su kütleleri
Suudi Arabistan'daki su kütleleri
Kızıldeniz'deki körfezler
Hint Okyanusu'ndaki körfezler
Büyük Rift Vadisi
Orta Doğu coğrafyası
İsrail sınırları
Mısır sınırları
Suudi Arabistan sınırları
Ürdün sınırları

Akabe Körfezi


En proptrækker er et værktøj til at trække propper ud af flasker med. Proptrækkere kan grundlæggende fungere på tre måder:

 Typen, der består af en vandret tværstang med en påmonteret metalspiral, der sidder vinkelret på tværstangen. Denne type kræver flest kræfter at bruge (fig. 1).
 Typer, der benytter sig af vægtstangsprincippet (fig. 2).
 Typer, hvor proppen skal drejes af.

Derudover findes en type, kaldet en propløfter, hvor man lukker gas ned i flasken.

Det er muligt, at den første proptrækker med borespiral blev videreudviklet fra såkaldte pistolorme, som blev brugt i militæret i 1600-tallet til at fjerne fastsiddende kugler fra geværløb. Det første patent på en proptrækker tog Samuell Henshall i 1795, hvis proptrækker bestod af en skive med en påmonteret spiral. I de følgende århundreder blev der taget flere tusinde patenter, heraf flest i 1800-tallet.

Referencer

Køkkenredskaber
Vin

Proptrækker


The , located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the solar goddess Amaterasu. Officially known simply as , Ise Jingū is a shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines,  and .

The Inner Shrine, Naikū (also officially known as "Kōtai Jingū"), is dedicated to the worship of Amaterasu and is located in the town of Uji-tachi, south of central Ise, where she is believed to dwell. The shrine buildings are made of solid cypress wood and use no nails but instead joined wood. The Outer Shrine, Gekū (also officially known as "Toyouke Daijingū"), is located about six kilometers from Naikū and dedicated to Toyouke-Ōmikami, the god of agriculture, rice harvest and industry. Besides Naikū and Gekū, there are an additional 123 Shinto shrines in Ise City and the surrounding areas, 91 of them connected to Naikū and 32 to Gekū.

Purportedly the home of the Sacred Mirror, the shrine is one of Shinto's holiest and most important sites. Access to both sites is strictly limited, with the general public not allowed beyond sight of the thatched roofs of the central structures, hidden behind four tall wooden fences. However, tourists are free to roam the forest, including its ornamental walkways which date back to the Meiji period.

During the Edo period, it is estimated that one out of ten Japanese conducted an Okage Mairi pilgrimage to the shrine. Accordingly, pilgrimage to the shrine flourished in both commercial and religious frequency. According to historical documents, 3.62 million people visited the shrine in 50 days in 1625, and 1.18 million people visited the shrine in three days in 1829 when the grand festival held every 20 years was held. Because the shrine is considered sanctuary, no security checkpoints were conducted, as it was considered sacrilege by the faithful. The two main shrines of Ise are joined by a pilgrimage road that passes through the old entertainment district of Furuichi.

The chief priest or priestess of Ise Shrine must come from the Imperial House of Japan and is responsible for watching over the Shrine. The current High Priestess of the shrine is the daughter of Emperor Emeritus Akihito, former Princess Sayako Kuroda.

Establishment of the Shrine

According to the Nihon Shoki, around 2000 years ago the divine Yamatohime-no-mikoto, daughter of the Emperor Suinin, set out from Mt. Miwa in modern Nara Prefecture in search of a permanent location to worship the goddess Amaterasu, wandering for 20 years through the regions of Omi and Mino. Her search eventually brought her to Ise, in modern Mie Prefecture, where she is said to have established Naikū after hearing the voice of Amaterasu saying "(Ise) is a secluded and pleasant land. In this land I wish to dwell." Before Yamatohime-no-mikoto's journey, Amaterasu had been worshiped at the imperial residence in Yamato, then briefly at Kasanui in the eastern Nara basin. When Princess Yamatohime-no-mikoto arrived at the village of Uji-tachi, she set up fifty bells to designate the area as enshrined for the goddess Amaterasu, which is why the river is called the Isuzu, or "fifty bells".

Geku was founded after Emperor Yuryaku dreamt that he saw Amaterasu. She said she was unable to get food and asked him to bring Toyouke-hime from Tanba help her with food.

Besides the traditional establishment date of 4 BC, other dates of the 3rd and 5th centuries have been put forward for the establishment of Naikū and Gekū respectively. The first shrine building at Naikū was erected by Emperor Tenmu (678–686), with the first ceremonial rebuilding being carried out by his wife, Empress Jitō, in 692.

The shrine was foremost among a group of shrines which became objects of imperial patronage in the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered imperial messengers to be sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines including the Ise Shrine.

Chief priestess / chief priest

From the late 7th century until the 14th century, the role of chief priestess of Ise Shrine was carried out by a female member of the Imperial House of Japan known as a saiō. According to the Man'yōshū, the first saiō to serve at the shrine was Princess Ōku, daughter of Emperor Tenmu, during the Asuka period. Mention of Ise Shrine's saiō is also made in the Aoi, Sakaki and Yugao chapters of The Tale of Genji as well as in the 69th chapter of The Tales of Ise. The saiō system ended during the turmoil of the Nanboku-chō period.

During the Empire of Japan and the establishment of State Shinto, the position of chief priest of the Ise Shrine was fulfilled by the reigning emperor and the Meiji, Taisho and Shōwa Emperors all played the role of chief priest during their reigns.

Since the disestablishment of State Shinto during the Occupation of Japan, the offices of chief priest and most sacred priestess have been held by former members of the imperial family or their descendants. The current chief priest of the shrine is , adoptive son of Takatsukasa Kazuko. He succeeded Kitashirakawa Michihisa, a great-grandson of Emperor Meiji, in 2007. Takatsukasa Kazuko was succeeded by her younger sister, Ikeda Atsuko. In 2012, Ikeda was joined by her niece Sayako Kuroda, sole daughter of Emperor Akihito, to serve as a high priestess under her. On 19 June 2017, Sayako officially replaced her aunt as supreme priestess.

Shrine architecture

The architectural style of the Ise shrine is known as shinmei-zukuri, characterized by extreme simplicity and antiquity; its basic principles date back to the Kofun period (250–538 C.E.).  The shrine buildings use a special variant of this style called , which may not be used in the construction of any other shrine. Yuitsu-shinmei-zukuri style replicates the architectural features of early rice granaries. The old shrines are dismantled and new ones built on an adjacent site to exacting specifications every 20 years at exorbitant expense, so that the buildings will be forever new and forever ancient and original. The present buildings, dating from 2013, are the 62nd iteration to date and are scheduled for rebuilding in 2033.

The shrine at Naikū is constructed of Japanese cypress. Built on pillars set directly in the ground, the shrine building measures 10.9 by 5.5 meters and includes a raised floor, verandas all the way around the building and a staircase leading to a single central doorway. The Naikū does not have any windows. The roof is made of thatched reed with ten billets (katsuogi) located on the ridge of the roof, the bargeboards of which project beyond the roof to form the distinctive forked finials (chigi) at the ends of the ridge. The chigi on the roof of the Naikū are flat on top, rather than pointed, which serves as a distinction for the gender of the deity being represented. In the case of Ise, Amaterasu, a female deity, is represented at the shrine, which is why the chigi are flat. The roof ridge is supported by two free-standing columns called the munamochi-bashira. The katsuogi, chigi and munamochi-bashira are stylised forms of older storehouse building techniques that pre-date the introduction of Buddhist architecture in Japan.

The empty site beside the shrine building, the site where the previous shrine once stood and where the next will be built, is called the kodenchi. This area is strewn with large white pebbles and is left totally empty apart from the oi-ya, a small wooden hut containing a wooden pole a little over 2 metres in height called the shin-no-mihashira (new sacred central pole). When a new shrine is built, it is built around the sacred central pole before the removal of the oi-ya, so that the central pole is never seen. The central pole of the old shrine will then have a new oi-ya erected so that the shin-no-mihashira also remains unseen.

Rebuilding the Shrine

The shrine buildings at Naikū and Gekū, as well as the Uji Bridge, are rebuilt every 20 years as a part of the Shinto belief in tokowaka (常若), which means renewing objects to maintain a strong sense of divine prestige in pursuit of eternity, and as a way of passing building techniques from one generation to the next. The twenty-year renewal process is called the Shikinen Sengū. Although the goal of Sengū is to get the shrine built within the 20-year period, there have been some instances, especially because of war, where the shrine building process is postponed or delayed. The original physical purpose of the Sengu process is unknown. However, it is believed that it serves to maintain the longevity of the shrine, or possibly as a gesture to the deity enclosed within the shrine. Historically, this cyclical reconstruction has been practiced for many years in various shrines throughout Japan, meaning that it is not a process exclusive to Ise. The entire reconstruction process takes more or less 17 years, with the initial years focusing on project organization and general planning, and the last 8 years focusing on the physical construction of the shrine.

The shrine has evolved throughout the years in its reconstruction, while maintaining some of its key features. The shrine was not originally constructed with gold copper adornments; however, because of advancements in technology as well as Buddhist influence, it gained them over the years. Another example of Buddhist influence on the shrine is the use of Suedama, which are Buddhist orbs seen on various religious structures. It symbolizes a sacred jewel, and is comparable to nyoi-shu, orbs which many Buddhist figures are displayed holding. Initially, the shrine was constructed of locally sourced Hinoki wood, which served as an ideal building material due to its physical properties. The abundance of local Hinoki wood was short lived, and the shrine currently obtains the wood through other domestic producers, who ensure that only the best wood is being used for the construction. Before the wood is usable in building the shrine, it must be put through a lengthy seasoning and drying process where it is in a pond for several years and then dried.

The team which builds the shrine is typically formed around a few factors. Since many of the building techniques haven't changed since the creation of the Ise Shrine, the workers who are hired to build the shrine must be skilled in specific techniques. Power tools are not allowed within the area of the shrine, which means that skilled artisans and carpenters known as miyadaiku are necessary in the construction process. The unit of workers is also organized around relative skill levels, and less experienced workers will work on smaller tasks than more experienced workers. The importance of hiring specifically local artisans has decreased throughout time, for the pool of available miyadaiku has thinned out. Specialized work and the specific materials come with a cost; in 2013, the shrine was built from private donations alone, totaling 57 billion Japanese Yen (US$550 million).

In August, in a long-standing tradition, the people who live in Ise are allowed to enter the area around the Inner Sanctum of the Naiku as well as the Geku. Some villages drag a wooden carriage laden with white stones up the Isuzu River onto the grounds of the Naiku. Each participant gets two white stones in a white handkerchief and these allow them to place the stones in the area around the Inner Sanctum. Other villages drag a huge wooden cart or Noburi Kuruma laden with white stones to the Uji bridge at the entrance of the grounds of the Naiku.  Participants receive two white stones which are also placed in the sacred space around the Inner Sanctum.  The entire tradition is called Shiraisshiki and it is very colourful with every participant wearing a happi coat representing a particular village. The rebuilding of the main shrine takes place on a site adjacent to the old, and each rebuilding alternates between the two sites. The next scheduled rebuilding of Naikū is due in 2033 on the lower, northern site. Various other religious ceremonies are held with the completion of the shrine, each serving different purposes.

In the lead-up to the rebuilding of the shrines, a number of festivals are held to mark special events. The Okihiki Festival is held in the spring over two consecutive years and involves people from surrounding towns dragging huge wooden logs through the streets of Ise to Naikū and Gekū. In the lead-up to the 2013 rebuilding, the Okihiki festival was held in 2006 and 2007. A year after the completion of the Okihiki festival, carpenters begin preparing the wood for its eventual use in the Shrine.

Annual festivals

From the late seventh century, when the festivals and offerings of Ise Shrine became more formalised, a number of annual events have been performed at both Naikū and Gekū. The Tsukinamisai, which was held in June and December, as well as the Kannamesai Festival in September, were the only three offerings performed by the Saiō, an imperial princess who served as high priestess of the shrine until the 14th century. These offerings are based on the cycle of the agricultural year and are still performed today.

The first important ceremony of the modern calendar year is the Kinensai, where prayers are offered for a bountiful harvest. Kazahinomisai, where prayers for fair weather and sufficient rains are made, is held twice a year in May and August at both Naikū and Gekū.

The most important annual festival held at Ise Shrine is the . Held in October each year, this ritual makes offerings of the first harvest of crops for the season to Amaterasu. An imperial envoy carries the offering of rice harvested by the Emperor himself to Ise, as well as five-coloured silk cloth and other materials, called heihaku.

Besides the agricultural ceremonies already mentioned, ceremonies and festivals are held throughout the year at both Naikū and Gekū to celebrate things such as the new year, the foundation of Japan, the past emperors, purification rituals for priests and court musicians, good sake fermentation and the Emperor's birthday. There are also daily food offerings to the shrine kami held both in the mornings and evenings.

Gekū – the outer shrine

 is a shrine to Toyoukebime the food goddess located in Ise Grand Shrine. it is also colloquially known as . In pilgrimage customs people traditionally visit this shrine first and then Kotai jingu which is located 4 km to the south

The shrine was founded after Emperor Yuryaku dreamt that he saw Amaterasu. She said she was unable to get food and asked him to bring Toyouke-hime from Tanba help her with food.

Daiichi-torii-guchi Sando
Daiichi-torii-guchi Sando is the primary route into the shrine. It is a Sandō that starts at the Hiyokebashi bridge entrance, and beyond this bridge, the Temizusha (ablution font) is visible on the left side.

Temizusha
A Temizusha is present at the shrine for worshippers to purify .

Kitamikado-guchi Sando
An alternative entrance path for the shrine.

Saikan and Anzaisho
Saikan and Anzaisho are the Purification Hall and Hall for Imperial Household Visitors respectively. They are on the right side of the pilgrimage path. The Saikan, which is surrounded by fences, is used by Shinto priests to purify themselves. They stay here for one or two nights to cleanse their minds from worldly concerns before performing rituals, as they bathe and eat meals prepared with sacred fire to achieve spiritual serenity; adjacent to Saikan, there is a building called Anzaisho, which serves as the Hall for the Emperor and Empress.

Kaguraden
There is a large Kaguraden at Geku.

Honden
Toyouke Omikami is enshrined at the Honden. It lies in the most sacred area enclosed by four rows of fences, and the structure remains unchanged from 1500 years ago. Worshippers can only approach the first gate.

History
In Japanese mythology Toyouke-hime was either killed by Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto or by Susanoo-no-Mikoto. Amaterasu mourned the death of her and in the Nihon Shoki the reason the sun and the moon are on opposite sides of the sky is that Amaterasu was unwilling to go near Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto the moon god after he committed the murder. Amaterasu is linked with Toyouke-hime as the sun is necessary for food to grow. This was prior to the Tenson Korin and the establishment of Ise Jingu. Emperor Suinin is said to have established the shrine to worship Amaterasu at a permanent location after many temporary locations. In contrast with , this shrine is not explicitly mentioned in the Kojiki or the Nihon Shoki.

Besides the traditional establishment date of 4 BC, it has also been proposed as having been made in the 5th century. The shrine officially states it was created 1500 years ago in response to a revelation from Amaterasu that the shrine was needed.

The shrine has been traditionally rebuilt every 20 years.

There is a separate shrine dedicated to Toyouke's Ara-mitama, or  called  (Takamiya) inside this shrine.

Naikū – the inner shrine

The official name of the main shrine of Naikū is Kotaijingu and is the place of worship of the goddess Amaterasu. The grounds of Naikū contain a number of structures, including the following:

The Uji Bridge

This 100 meter wooden bridge, built in a traditional Japanese style, stretches across the Isuzu River at the entrance of Naikū. Like the shrine buildings of Naikū, it is rebuilt every 20 years as a part of the Shikinen Sengū ceremony. The bridge is typically built by carpenters with less experience to gain more skills before moving on to take on the task of working on the main shrine. On crossing the bridge, the path turns to the right along the banks of the Isuzu river and passes through large landscaped gardens.

Temizusha

After crossing a short, wide bridge, pilgrims to the shrine encounter the Temizusha, a small, roofed structure containing a pool of water for use in ritual purification. Visitors are encouraged to wash their hands and rinse their mouths at Temizusha as a symbolic act to clean the mind and body of impurity. The first of two large torii gates stands just beyond the Temizusha.

Saikan and Anzaisho
After passing the first large torii gate, the Purification Hall (Saikan), and the hall for visitors from the imperial household (Anzaisho) is located to the left. The Saikan is used by shrine priests to purify themselves before performing ceremonies at the shrine. They are required to spend one or two nights to free their minds of worldly issues, partaking in baths and eating meals cooked with the sacred fire.

Kaguraden

This hall for special prayer, located just after the second large torii gate, is open to the public for the offering of individual prayers to the kami, the giving of donations and the purchase of special talisman of protection, amulets and hanging scrolls of Amaterasu Omikami.

Imibiyaden

This hall contains the sacred fire used to cook all of the food offerings to the kami of Ise Shrine. Rice and other offerings cooked on the sacred fire are stored in a box made of Japanese cypress, then purified at the Haraedo immediately in front of the Imibiyaden before being offered to the kami.

Kōtai Jingū – the main shrine
The pilgrimage path then approaches the fence of the inner sanctum (昇殿, shōden) of Naikū by a set of large stone steps. Within another set of fencing inside the gate is the main shrine (正宮, seigū) itself. Visitors are supposed to keep to the sides of the path as the middle is set aside for the goddess Amaterasu. Etiquette is the same as for most Shinto shrines. Though the actual shrine is hidden behind a large fence, pilgrims can approach the gate to offer their prayers.  Photographs in this area are prohibited and this restriction is strictly policed.

Kotai Jingū is said to hold the Sacred Mirror, one of three Imperial Regalia of Japan said to have been given to the first Emperor by the gods. From a path that follows the line of the outer wall, the distinctive roof of the shrine building can be seen through the trees. In front of the walled shrine compound can be seen an open area which was the location of the rebuilding of the shrine in 2013.

Pilgrimage at Ise

The pilgrimage to the Ise shrine, also known as Sangū, gained immense popularity during the Edo Period, where hundreds of thousands of pilgrims would travel there every year. The growth was exponential, 5 million pilgrims visiting the shrine in the year 1830 alone. By the late 19th century, tourists from abroad began to visit and document Ise. The popularity of making a trip to Ise resulted in vast networks and groups of travelers, which ultimately led to businesses working to benefit from this influx of interest for the shrine. Travel guidebooks were made to aid travelers in their navigation, as well to let them know of specific important places to visit while at Ise. They also included woodblock prints of the shrine that were very appealing to those who had made the long trek to the shrine. Additionally, people wanted souvenirs, which resulted in a variety of vendors at Ise selling general goods and specialty items. There were also various post stations which had specific gifts, many of which were woodblock prints. The pilgrimage had multiple purposes and appeals. It was seen as a purification process, and by visiting Ise,  pilgrims were purified and aided in receiving a good afterlife. It also was seen as a vacation, the journey to the shrine itself being almost as important as actually getting there. In the 21st century, Ise is still an important destination both to foreign tourists and especially to the Japanese community; 9 million Japanese tourists visited the shrine in 2013.

Shrines and facilities

Shrines
There are 125 shrines within Ise Shrine:

Facilities

See also

 List of Shinto shrines
 Association of Shinto Shrines
 Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
 Saiō
 Sugari no Ontachi One of the sacred treasures of Ise Grand Shrine
 Twenty-Two Shrines

Notes

References

References

 Hvass, Svend M. (1998). Ise Japan's Ise Shrines Ancient yet New. Copenhagen. Aristo Publishing.
 Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 399449

External links

 Ise Jingu – Iseshima General Sightseeing Guide
 Ise City Tourist Industry Society
 New York Public Library Digital Gallery, early photograph of Ise Shrine compound
 Photographs of the Ise Shrine by Yoshio Watanabe, Canadian Centre for Architecture
 Smithsonian Magazine – This Japanese Shrine
 Wheelchair Accessibility of Shrine

7th-century establishments in Japan
Jingū
Shinto shrines in Mie Prefecture
Asuka period
Yayoi period
Sun temples
Japanese imperialism and colonialism
Rebuilt buildings and structures in Japan
Religious buildings and structures completed in 692
7th-century Shinto shrines
Jongmyo shrines
Ise, Mie
Twenty-Two Shrines
Shinmei shrines
Shikinai Taisha

Ise Grand Shrine


est un clade éteint de dinosaures sauropodes, existant du Jurassique inférieur au Crétacé supérieur.

Présentation
Le groupe Diplodocimorpha comprend trois familles principales et quelques autres genres, Rebbachisauridae, Dicraeosauridae et Diplodocidae, les deux derniers formant les Flagellicaudata. Le nom a été utilisé pour la première fois par Calvo & Salgado (1995), qui l'ont défini comme « Rebbachisaurus tessonei sp. nov., Diplodocidae, et tous les descendants de leur ancêtre commun. » Le groupe n'a pas été utilisé souvent, et a été synonymisé avec Diplodocoidea car les groupes ont souvent été reconnus pour avoir le même contenu. En 2005,  et  ont revu la phylogénie et la taxonomie des Diplodocoidea et ont réalisé que Diplodocimorpha ne pouvait pas être synonyme de Diplodocoidea. En 2015, Emanuel Tschopp, Octavio Mateus et Roger Benson ont publié une phylogénie basée sur les spécimens sur les interrelations entre les Diplodocidae, et ont soutenu la séparation de Diplodocimorpha. L'Haplocanthosaurus s'est avéré être plus basal que les Rebbachisauridae, et donc en dehors de Diplodocimorpha, mais plus proche de Diplodocus que Saltasaurus, et donc avec les Diplodocoidea. Le cladogramme ci-dessous suit les conclusions de Tschopp :

Liens externes

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Sauropoda
Genre de dinosaures non aviens (nom scientifique)
Taxon fossile décrit en 1995

Diplodocimorpha


Constelaciones es una serie de veintitrés pinturas sobre papel de pequeñas dimensiones, iniciada por Joan Miró el 1939 en Varengeville-sur-Mer y finalizada en 1941 entre Mallorca y Montroig. La Fundación Joan Miró conserva una obra de esta serie, La estrella matinal, una de las obras más destacadas de la serie que el pintor dio a la su mujer y que posteriormente ella dio a la Fundación.

Historia
En agosto de 1939, un mes antes de estallar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Miró, con su familia, deja París y se instala en Varengeville-sur-Mer, un pequeño pueblo de Normandía. Ante la difícil realidad del momento, siendo un fuerte deseo de evasión. Este sentimiento se refleja claramente en una de las series más singulares, armónicas y poéticas de su producción, la conocida posteriormente como Constelaciones. Allí pintaría las 10 primeras obras de la serie, empezando por Alba y La escala de la evasión.

Tras huir de Francia debido a la invasión de las tropas alemanas, Miró continúa trabajando la serie de las Constelaciones en Mallorca, donde realiza 10 composiciones más, de carácter más complejo. En 1941 en Montroig, finaliza la serie pintando 3 obras. En aquella época empezó los primeros bocetos de la posteriormente conocida como Serie Barcelona, donde repetiría parte de su imaginario.

Descripción
En esta serie se inicia una morfología de signos caracterizada por la presencia de astros, pájaros y mujeres que configuran el lenguaje mironiano de la etapa de madurez. Entre las superposiciones de las diferentes formas se crea un espacio cromático determinado, que a partir de este momento se repite constantemente en la obra de Miró. Todas las obras están fechadas, lo que permite ordenar la secuencia cronológicamente.

Los fondos de las obras están pintados con tonos suaves, y la gran mayoría de obras están llenas de intersecciones lineales de color negro, con pequeños detalles pintados en los colores primarios que utilizaba Miró (rojo, azul, amarillo ...) Las obras recuerdan a mapas astrales, representaciones de espacios cósmicos.

Joan Punyet, nieto del artista, comenta en una entrevista en el programa El meu avi, de TV3:

{| border="0" align="center" class="col1der col3der" style="vertical-align:top; border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:95%"
|-align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! width="5%" | Fecha
! width="22%" | Título en español
! width="4%" | Ref.
! width="22%" | Título en francés
! width="10%" | Técnica
! width="7%" | Tamaño
! width="20%" | Ubicación
! width="10%" | País
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 21.01.1940 ||La salida del sol||1 ||Le lever du soleil ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel|| 38 x 46 cm ||Colección privada ||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 31.01.1940 || La escalera de escape||2||L'Échelle de l'évasion||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Museum of Modern Art. Nueva York (NY} ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 12.02.1940 || Personajes en la noche guiados por los rostros fosforescentes de los caracoles ||3|| Personnages dans la nuit guidés par les traces phosphorescentes des escargots||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Philadelphia Museum of Art. The Louis E. Stern Collection. Filadelfia (PA) ||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 15.02.1940 || Mujeres en la playa||4||Femmes sur la plage||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Colección Jacques y Natasha Gelman. Nueva York (NY)
||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 05.03.1940 || ||5 || Femme à la blonde aisselle coiffant sa cheveleur à la lueur des étoiles||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Museum of Art Cleveland. Cleveland {OH} ||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 16.03.1940 ||La estrella matinal ||6 ||L'étoile matinale ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Fundación Joan Miró. Barcelona ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 27.03.1940 || Personaje herido||7 ||Personnage blessé ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Colección privada ||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 13.04.1940 || Mujer y pájaro||8 ||Femme et oiseaux ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros. Nueva York {NY}  ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 27.04.1940 ||Mujer en la noche ||9 ||Femme dans la nuit ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Colección Margulies. Miami (FL)||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 14.05.1940 ||Acróbatas bailarines ||10 ||Danseuses acrobates||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm ||Wadsworth Atheneum. Hartford (CT) ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 04.09.1940 ||El canto del ruiseñor a medianoche y la lluvia matinal ||11 ||Le Chant du rossignol à minuit et la pluie matinale ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Colección privada ||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 14.10.1940 || ||12 ||Le 13 l'échelle a frôlé le firmament ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm ||Colección privada ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 02.11.1940 ||Nocturno ||(23) || Nocturne||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||Colección privada ||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 31.12.1940 || La poetisa||13 || La Poétesse ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 38 x 46 cm ||antigua Collection Ralph & Georgia Colin, Nueva York (NY)
Subastada en Christie's el 10.05.1995 (4,7 millones $)
 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 27.01.1941 ||Despertar al amanecer ||14 ||Le Réveil au petit jour ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Museo de Arte Kimbell. Fort Worth (TX)||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 11.03.1941 ||Hacia el arco iris ||15 ||Vers l'arc-en-ciel ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Colección Jacques y Natasha Gelman. Nueva York (NY)
||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 26.04.1941 || Mujeres cercadas por el vuelo de un pájaro||16 ||Femmes encerclées par le vol d'un oiseau ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Colección privada||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 14.05.1941 ||Mujeres al borde del lago con la superficie iridiscente por el paso de un cisne ||17 ||Femmes au bord du lac à la surface irisée par le passage d'un cygne||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Colección privada||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 26.05.1941 ||El pájaro migrador ||18 ||L'Oiseau-migrateur ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Colección privada||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 12.06.1941 ||Signos y constelaciones enamorados de una mujer ||19 ||Chiffres et constellations amoureux d'une femme||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago (IL) ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 23.07.1941 || El pájaro hermoso descifra la desconocida pareja de amantes||20 ||Le bel oiseau déchiffrant l'inconnu au couple d'amoureux ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Museum of Modern Art. Nueva York (NY)||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
| 14.08.1941 ||El crepúsculo rosa acaricia el sexo de las mujeres y los pájaros ||21 ||Le Crépuscule rose caresse le sexe des femmes et des oiseaux ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Colección privada||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 12.09.1941 ||Paso del pájaro divino ||22 ||Le Passage de l'oiseau divin ||Gouache y pintura de trementina sobre papel || 46 x 38 cm || Colección privada||
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"

Referencias

Bibliografía

Cuadros de Joan Miró
Cuadros de España de los años 1930
Cuadros de España de los años 1940
Cuadros de 1939
Cuadros de 1941
España en 1939
España en 1941
Aves en el arte

Constelaciones (Miró)


Bath & Body Works, Inc. (formerly known as L Brands, Inc., Limited Brands, Inc. and The Limited, Inc.) is an American specialty retail company based in Columbus, Ohio.  It owns Bath & Body Works, posted $11.9 billion in revenue in 2021, and was listed as 248 on the 2020 Fortune 500 list of largest United States companies by revenue.

In February 2020, L Brands announced the planned sale of its Victoria's Secret division to Sycamore Partners, a private equity firm. Under the agreement, Sycamore Partners would gain a 55% controlling stake in Victoria's Secret while L Brands would keep a 45% stake, leaving Bath & Body Works to become L Brand's sole business.  The sale fell through in May 2020, although CEO Les Wexner did step down as planned, and was succeeded by Andrew Meslow. Gina Boswell was appointed the new CEO effective December 1, 2022, replacing Andrew Meslow who stepped down in May 2022. She replaced the interim CEO, Sarah Nash.

In March 2021, L Brands announced it would spin off Victoria's Secret as a stand-alone publicly traded company, and then change its name to Bath & Body Works, Inc. As of August 3, 2021, the separation was complete, and Bath and Body Works stock started trading under the ticker symbol "BBWI".

History

Origins
Bella Cabakoff was born in Williamsburg, Brooklyn and moved to Columbus as a toddler. At age 21, she became the youngest buyer for the Lazarus department store chain. After spending over 20 years working for Lazarus, in 1951, she and her husband Harry Wexner opened a women's clothing store named Leslie's on State Street. The store was named after their son, Leslie "Les" Wexner, and he began working there when he was attending college at Ohio State University.

In 1963, Wexner borrowed $5,000 from his aunt and $5,000 from the bank and opened a store at the Kingsdale Shopping Center in Upper Arlington, Ohio. This store was named "The Limited" because the store focused on clothing for younger women, unlike his parents' general merchandise store. Later, in 1964, Bella and Harry closed their store to join their son in his venture.

1970s–present
The original board consisted of only the three family members and longtime friend Jim Waldron, who served as Senior Vice President. Bella Wexner served as secretary until her death in 2001, Harry as chairman (he served until his death in 1975), and Leslie, CEO from inception, later succeeded his father as the chairman. , he and his family continued to own 17% of LB. In 1969, Wexner took The Limited Brands public and sold 47,600 shares at $7.25 a share. In 1977, The Limited moved into its main headquarters on Morse Road in Columbus, from which L Brands still operates today. In 1982, The Limited was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

L Brands shareholders filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of Delaware on January 14, 2021, stating that former chair Les Wexner, among others, created an "entrenched culture of misogyny, bullying and harassment" and was aware of abuses being committed by accused sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein, which breached his fiduciary duty to the company, causing devaluation of the brand. The complaint also names Wexner's wife, Abigail, current chair Sarah E. Nash, and former marketing officer Ed Razek, whose "widely known misconduct" was long allowed at the company.

In February 2021, L Brands announced the retirement of CFO Stuart Burgdoerfer in August of that year, to be replaced by CEO of Victoria's Secret Martin Waters. Mr. Burgdoerfer stated he was "grateful to have had the opportunity to work with extraordinary people in every part of the business."

In 2023, Bath and Body Works announced that its whole production system had relocated to the outskirts of Columbus, Ohio. Ten of the company's suppliers agreed to make the move to the United States, adding 5,000 employees and increasing annual revenue by $2 billion. The company said the decision to move production to the United States was a result of frustration over shipping delays which required 3 months lead time, rather than just 21 days when produced in Ohio.

Acquisitions

The 1980s started a string of acquisitions. In 1982, the Victoria's Secret brand, store, and catalogue were purchased from Roy Raymond for $1 million.  Also in 1982, 207 Lane Bryant stores were purchased. In 1985, the exclusive Henri Bendel store on Fifth Avenue in New York City was purchased for $10 million and 798 Lerner stores for $297 million. Finally, in 1988, 25 Abercrombie & Fitch stores were purchased for $46 million. In 1996, The Limited ended its ownership of the A&F brand; it was spun off into a publicly traded company.

The 1990s saw initial development of the Limited Too, Bath & Body Works, Structure, and Victoria's Secret Beauty.
In 1998, several Bath & Body Works stores were converted to The White Barn Candle Company stores to begin a home fragrance brand.

In 2005, Limited Brands purchased home fragrance manufacturer Slatkin & Company.

Divestitures
On August 3, 2007, Limited Brands sold 75% ownership of its flagship The Limited chain to buyout firm Sun Capital Partners, Inc. In 2010, the remaining 25% of shares were also purchased by Sun Capital.  Stefan M. Selig from Bank of America was involved in these deals. Following the sale of their namesake store, Limited Brands changed their company name to L Brands, as per the terms of the sale. On January 7, 2017, The Limited closed all of its stores in the United States. The web retail operation, thelimited.com, was initially continued for business and shipping nationwide. Despite this, The Limited online soon filed for bankruptcy and discontinued all services. However, the brand was revived in mid-2017 by Sycamore Partners subsidiary Belk and Limited-branded merchandise became available on its website.

On February 20, 2020, L Brands announced that it would sell its Victoria's Secret division to Sycamore Partners, private equity firm. Under the agreement, Sycamore Partners would gain a 55% controlling stake in Victoria's Secret for about $525 million. L Brands would keep a 45% stake. leaving Bath & Body Works to potentially become L Brand's sole business. L Brands also announced that CEO Leslie Wexner was stepping down.  On May 4, 2020, L Brands and Sycamore Partners announced a "mutual termination" of their deal, and settlement of related litigation.

At the May 14, 2020  virtual shareholders meeting, L Brands founder, CEO and board chair Les Wexner stepped down, Bath & Body Works CEO Andrew Meslow moved up to become CEO of L Brands and joined the board, and three directors stepped down. The company announced it would go forward with a spin-off of Victoria's Secret as a stand-alone company. It also announced it would close 250 Victoria's Secret Stores and 50 Bath and Body Works stores.

On September 14, 2020, L Brands announced that it would sell its majority stake in its Victoria's Secret UK business to Next Plc under a newly formed joint venture. The financial terms of the agreement were not disclosed.

In 2021, L Brands announced Victoria's Secret and Bath & Body Works had been recast into two separate Publicly Traded Companies, expected to be completed by August. The Current L Brands CEO Andrew Meslow will be the head of Bath & Body Works while Martin Waters will be the head of Victoria's Secret after the split

On August 3, 2022, The Columbus-based retailer has officially split into two companies — Victoria's Secret and Bath & Body Works. The split went into effect Monday, and the companies began trading individually on the New York Stock Exchange Tuesday morning. L Brands decided in May to move ahead with a split after initially deciding to sell a 55% stake in Victoria's Secret for $500 million in February 2020. That deal was called off because of the pandemic. The name L Brands is no longer used as the name changed to Bath & Body Works Inc.

Brands
L Brands once operated the following retail brands:
 Bath & Body Works - L Brands changed its name to Bath & Body Works Inc.

Former brands
Previous brands that were spun off include:

 Lane Bryant – sold in 2001 to Charming Shoppes
 Abercrombie & Fitch – acquired by The Limited in 1988 and went public as  in 1996
 Lerner New York – sold and became New York and Company
 The Limited Too – spun off in 1999 and re-branded as Justice
 Galyan's T– merged with Victoria's Secret Beauty
 Express – on May 15, 2007, Limited Brands sold a 75% stake in Express to Golden Gate Capital Partners
 The Limited – on August 3, 2007, Limited Brands transferred 75% ownership of its flagship The Limited chain to buyout firm Sun Capital Partners Inc.; in 2010, Sun Capital purchased the remaining shares.
 La Senza - sold to Regent in January 2019
 Victoria's Secret- on August 3, 2022, The Columbus-based retailer officially split into its own company
Pink - on August 3, 2022, the company split into its own company under Victoria's Secret

Brands that ceased operations:
Henri Bendel (closed in January 2019)

References

External links

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Clothing retailers of the United States
Companies based in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area
Retail companies established in 1963
1960s initial public offerings
Les Wexner

Bath & Body Works, Inc.


To kvinder på en flod er en film instrueret af Katia Forbert Petersen, Iben Haahr Andersen.

Handling
Historien handler om to ældre kvinder, der bor på en flod på hver sin flodpram. Byen er Paris, floden er Seinen. Kirsten er dansk og tidligere ambassadørfrue. Efter skilsmissen køber hun en flodpram i Paris og møder den 75-årige flodpramskaptajn, Fernande. Et tæt venskab opstår mellem ladyen og arbejderklassekvinden.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1996

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

To kvinder på en flod


Katherine Lucy Bridget Burke (born 13 June 1964) is an English actress. She achieved fame with her appearances on sketch shows such as French and Saunders (1988–1999) and her recurring role as Magda on the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous (1992–2012), as well as her frequent collaborations with fellow comedian Harry Enfield. From 1999 to 2001, she starred as Linda La Hughes on the BBC sitcom Gimme Gimme Gimme, for which she received a British Comedy Award and two BAFTA nominations.

Burke made her film debut in the 1982 drama Scrubbers. For her portrayal of Valerie in the 1997 film Nil by Mouth, she won Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Actress in a Leading Role. Her other film appearances include Sid and Nancy (1986), Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), Elizabeth (1998), This Year's Love (1999), Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), The Martins (2001), Anita and Me (2002), and Once Upon a Time in the Midlands (2002).  Having spent most of the 2000s concentrating on her work as a theatre director, she returned to film roles in the 2010s with Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Pan (2015), and Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (2016). Starting from 2019, Burke fronted a series of documentaries for Channel 4: Kathy Burke's All Woman (2019), Kathy Burke: Money Talks (2021) and Kathy Burke: Growing Up (2023).

Early life
Burke was born at the Royal Free Hospital, London on 13 June 1964, and was brought up in Islington, North London by her Irish Catholic parents Paddy and Bridget. She has two elder brothers. Her mother, known as Bridie, died of cancer when Burke was two years old. She lived with her father, a builder who was an alcoholic, and attended the Maria Fidelis Convent School, a secondary school in Euston, until she was 16 years old. She then studied at the Anna Scher Theatre School in Islington.

Career
Burke's first role was in the 1982 film Scrubbers, directed by Swedish actress Mai Zetterling and featuring Pam St. Clement, Robbie Coltrane, Miriam Margolyes, Honey Bane, Debby Bishop and Eva Mottley. The film was set in a young offenders' institute for girls and was seen as a female version of the film Scum.

Burke appeared in a non-speaking role in a 1985 public information film about heroin addiction. The following year she appeared in a non-speaking role as 'witness in doorway' in an award-winning advert for The Guardian'''s 'Points of View'.

Burke first became familiar to television audiences as a player of minor roles in sketches by better-known performers such as Harry Enfield, Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders.  Early TV work included regular appearances on the chat show The Last Resort hosted by Jonathan Ross on UK Channel 4 in the mid-1980s, playing the characters 'Tina Bishop' and 'Perry the Pre-pubescent Schoolboy". Bishop was a continually pregnant "expert" offering advice on household chores, always with disastrous results. Both Perry and Tina (renamed "Waynetta Slob") later re-appeared as recurring sketch characters in Harry Enfield programmes. Along with French and Saunders, she has contributed to two Comic Relief charity singles. She first appeared as a member of Bananarama parody band Lananeeneenoonoo in 1989, and then as a member of Spice Girls look-alike band the Sugar Lumps in 1997. In real life Burke is a big fan of Morrissey and appeared in the video for his 1989 single "Ouija Board, Ouija Board" and later in the 2002 Channel 4 documentary The Importance of Being Morrissey.

She quickly became successful in her own right and although mainly associated with comedy, she has played several serious roles including that of Queen Mary Tudor in the film Elizabeth, which was released in 1998.

In 1994 Burke was awarded the Royal Television Society Award for Best Actress, for her performance as the mute Martha in the 1993 BBC TV series Mr. Wroe's Virgins. The series was directed by Danny Boyle and is based on Jane Rogers' book about John Wroe.

Burke won the Best Actress award at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for her role in the gritty drama Nil by Mouth. Burke was so convinced she would not win that she made no plans to attend the ceremony; when told shortly beforehand she had won, she found her passport was out of date. The film also earned her a BAFTA nomination for Best Actress in a Leading Role. From 1999 to 2001 she appeared as Linda La Hughes in the BBC TV series Gimme Gimme Gimme (which she developed with writer Jonathan Harvey) where she was nominated for three British Comedy Awards (winning one), two BAFTA TV Awards and a National Television Award for her performance. In 2000, she appeared in the cult film Love Honour and Obey with Ray Burdis, and as Perry in the comedy film Kevin & Perry Go Large.In 2003, she was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy.

Beginning in 2001, she refrained from acting and threw herself into theatre directing; something she considers to be one of her true passions. She said in an interview with Dawn French in Dawn French's Girls Who do Comedy that she no longer felt the same creative energy associated with acting that she used to (she described it as a "feeling in my belly") and that this was the reason she had stopped acting. However, since then she has done some voiceover work, including UK TV adverts for Ski yoghurt (2005) and the voice of Rita's mum in the computer-animated film Flushed Away (2006). She also appeared in the 2007 Christmas Special of The Catherine Tate Show as Nan's daughter Diane.

In February 1990 she wrote and directed her first play, Mr Thomas, at the Old Red Lion Theatre. It was subsequently filmed and shown on Channel 4 the next year.

In 2007, Burke contracted Clostridium difficile while in hospital for an operation, resulting in her having to pass directing duties on Dying for It at the Almeida Theatre (which starred Charlie Condou and Sophie Stanton who she worked with on Gimme Gimme Gimme).

In 2009, Burke made her television directorial debut with the BBC Three sketch show series Horne & Corden, starring Mathew Horne and James Corden.

Burke wrote and appeared as a nun in a short autobiographical film, "Better Than Christmas", for Sky 1's Little Crackers, a collection of comic shorts that first aired in December 2010. On 19 January 2012, it was announced that Burke had written her first TV series; her short for Little Crackers had led to a four-part series, "Walking and Talking", based on her teenage years. Burke appeared as a nun in each episode of the series, which aired in the summer of 2012 on Sky Atlantic.

In 2011, Burke played Connie Sachs in the film adaptation of the novel Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy. She was long-listed for a BAFTA nomination for her performance as Supporting Actress in 2012.

Burke appeared in the 2015 Peter Pan prequel film, Pan, as Mother Barnabas. In November 2015 Burke presented the BBC topical news panel show Have I Got News for You.

In 2019, Burke starred in her own self-titled three part documentary, Kathy Burke's All Woman. The programme aired on Channel 4 and focused on the stereotypes and expectations of modern women. Burke touched on subjects such as marriage, pregnancy and cosmetic surgery.

In 2021, Burke appeared as a guest judge in series 3 of RuPaul's Drag Race UK.

Burke directed ITV's four-part murder mystery series Holding, which premiered on 14 March 2022 and is based on Graham Norton's novel of the same name.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

As actress

As director

Awards

References

External links
KathyBurke.co.uk

English film actresses
English people of Irish descent
English stage actresses
English voice actresses
English television actresses
English theatre directors
British women theatre directors
Actresses from London
Actors from Islington (district)
English women comedians
British comedy actresses
Comedians from London
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners
1964 births
Living people
Alumni of the Anna Scher Theatre School
People from the London Borough of Camden
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses

Kathy Burke


Performance-baseret marketing, også kendt som betal-for-performance markedsføring, er en form for markedsføring hvor køberen kun betaler for målbare resultater. Performance-baseret markedsføring er blevet mere udbredt i takt med etableringen af elektroniske medier, særligt på internettet, hvor det er muligt at måle brugerens handlinger. Det essentielle i performance marketing er, at succes alene måles på en kampagnes evne til at skabe målbare leads og/eller salg. Der kigges ikke på awareness, trafik eller branding. Via. performance marketing har man adgang til data på så mange kontaktpunkter som muligt, samt muligheden for at påvirke disse positivt. F.eks. kan det være, at en tekst på en landing page, der opfordrer en forbruger til at opskrive sig til et produkt, skal gøres bedre, et billede skal udskiftes, medier og priser som skal justeres osv. Der er gerne mere end 100 variable på spil. Og det kræver et godt overblik at se, hvorledes disse variable påvirker hinanden.

Prismodeller
Der er fire gængse prismodeller som bliver brugt i online performance annoncering. CPM (cost-per-mile, eller omkostning-per-tusinde) pris modellen, opkræver annoncører for indtryk, det vil sige antallet af gange folk ser en annonce. Derudover finder man Display annoncering, som almindeligvis sælges via CPM prismodellen. Problemematikken med CPM annoncering er, at annoncørerne bliver opkrævet selvom målgruppen ikke klikker på annoncen.

CPC (cost-per-click eller omkostning-per-klik) annoncering løser dette problem ved at opkræve annoncører, når forbrugeren klikker på annoncen. Men på grund af øget konkurrence, er søgeord blevet meget dyrt. En 2007 DoubleClick Performics Search Trends rapport viser, at der var næsten seks gange så mange søgeord med pris pr klik (CPC) på mere end $ 1 i januar 2007 end året før. Omkostningerne pr søgeord steg med 33% og omkostningerne pr klik steg med så meget som 55%.

Ligeledes er der sket en kraftig stigning i online leadgenerering - bannere og direkte annoncering, der virker fra en CPL prismodel - cost-per-lead (omkostning-per-lead). Ved denne prismodel, betaler annoncøren kun for kvalificerede kundeemner - uanset de klik eller visninger, der gik ind og genererede leadet/emnet. CPL annoncering omtales almindeligvis også som online leadgenerering.

Omkostning-per-lead (CPL) prismodellen er den mest annoncør-venlige. En IBM forskningsundersøgelse påviste, at 2/3 af marketingfolk forventer 20 procent af annonceindtægter til at bevæge sig væk fra indtryk-baserede salg, til fordel for action-baserede modeller, inden for tre år. Ved CPL modeller betaler annoncøren kun for kvalificerede kundeemner, i modsætning til klik eller visninger, og er på toppen af return on investment hierarkiet hvad angår online annoncering.

Annoncøren skal være forsigtig, når man vælger mellem CPL og CPA prismodeller.

I CPL kampagner betaler annoncøren for et interesseret lead - dvs. kontaktoplysningerne for en person som på forhånd er interesseret i annoncørens produkt eller service. CPL kampagner er velegnet til brand-marketingfolk og direkte-respons-marketingfolk, der ønsker at engagere forbrugerne på flere parametre - ved at opbygge et nyhedsbrev, community site, loyalitetsprogram eller medlemsprogram.

I CPA kampagner, betaler annoncøren typisk for et afsluttet salg, som involverer en kreditkort transaktion. CPA handler om "nuet" - fokus er på at opfordre forbrugeren til at købe på det nøjagtige tidspunkt. Hvis en besøgende på hjemmesiden ikke køber noget, er det ikke nemt at re-markedføre i deres retning.

Andre afgørende faktorer
1. CPL kampagner er annoncør-centreret. Annoncøren forbliver i kontrol over deres brand, hvor de kan vælge relevante udgivere til at køre deres tilbud. Omvendt er CPA og affiliate-marketing kampagner, udgiver-centreret. Annoncører har her kontrol over, hvor deres brand vil blive vist, idet udgiverne gennemser tilbud, og vælger hvilke skal vises på hvilke hjemmesider.

2. CPL kampagner er som regel høj-volumen og lette på indhold. I CPL kampagner, indsender forbrugeren kun grundlæggende kontaktoplysninger. Oplysningerne kan være så simple som en e-mailadresse. I forhold til lav-volumen og komplekst indhold, finder man CPA kampagner. Typisk skal forbrugeren her indsende kreditkort og andre detaljerede oplysninger.

CPL annoncering er mere relevant i forhold til annoncører som leder efter at indsamle og engagere brugere via kampagner, ved at re-markedsføre til slut-forbrugeren gennem e-nyhedsbreve, community sites, loyalitets programmer, og andre engagement-drivere.

Økonomiske fordele
Mange annoncørers budgetter er begrænsede, og den mest effektive metode hvad angår annoncering er ikke nødvendigvis ligetil. Med performance marketing strategien undgår de risikoen for at betale store mængder for reklamer, der er ineffektive. Man betaler altså kun for resultater.

Reklamebureauet, distributøren eller udgiveren, påtager sig risikoen, og derfor er han motiveret til at sikre, at reklamen er målrettet, ved at undnytte reklamepladsen bedst muligt. Elektroniske medie-udgivere kan vælge reklamer ud fra placering, tidspunkt på dagen, ugedag, demografi og performance-historik, hvilket sikrer, at de maksimerer indtægterne bedst muligt.

Målet er at minimere antallet af irrelevante reklamer, som præsenteres for forbrugerne. De ser kun reklamer for varer og tjenesteydelser, der højst sandsynligt vil interessere dem. Selv om forbrugerne ofte synes at reklamer er irriterende, er der mange situationer hvor annoncen nyttig for forbrugeren, hvis indholdet er relevant.

Målbarhed
Forskellige typer af målbar handling kan anvendes i forhold til betaling af performance-annoncering:
 Mange internetsider opkræver betaling for annoncering via "CPM" (omkostning pr tusinde) eller pris pr indtryk Det vil sige, annoncøren betaler kun, når en forbruger ser deres annonce.

 Internetsider tilbyder ofte også reklamer baseret på "PPC" (betaling per klik). Services fra Google AdWords og tilsvarende produkter fra Millennial Media, Yahoo !, Microsoft, blandt andre, bruger PPC reklamering.
 Et beskedent, men voksende antal steder er også begyndt at tilbyde "Betal per opkald". Brugeren kan her klikke på en knap for at placere et VoIP-opkald, eller anmode om et opkald fra annoncøren. Hvis brugeren anmoder om et opkald, er de formentlig meget tilbøjelige til at foretage et køb, og denne type målbarhed er derfor meget præcis.
Nogle internetsider er markeder, der samler købere og sælgere. eBay er et fremtrædende eksempel på et marked, der opererer på auktion basis. Andre markedspladser lader sælgerne bestemme deres egen pris. I begge modeller, medierer markedet salg og tager en provision - en defineret procentdel af salgets værdi. Markedet er motiveret til at give en mere fremtrædende position til leverandører, der opnår høj salgsværdi. Disse markeder kan ses som en form for performance-annoncering.

Brugen af mobil-kuponer, giver også en helt ny form for måbarhed i forhold til at kunne identificere kampagnens effekt. Der er flere udbydere af mobil-kupon teknologi, hvilket gør det muligt at levere unikke kuponer eller stregkoder til hver enkelt person, og samtidig identificere den person der henter det. Dette gør det muligt at følge disse personer i hele processen fra download til indløsningstidspunktet.

Medier
Performance-annoncering breder sig til andre medier:

Mobiltelefonen bliver i stigende grad brugt som en web browsing enhed, og understøtter både betal-per-klik og betal-per-opkald. Kuponer leveres her til mobiler og kan bruges til at koble reklamer til direkte salg. I takt med forbrugerene begynder at bruge deres mobiler som en elektronisk betalings enhed, kan man etablere direkte forbindelse mellem reklame og indkøb. Forbindelsen kan også være indirekte. En forbruger kan bruge deres mobiltelefon til at scanne en stregkode på en udendørs reklame, hvilket indlæser annoncørens mobilsite på telefonen. Selvom forbrugeren ikke foretager købet med det samme, kan forbindelsen ses og måles idet forbrugeren går til annoncørens butik / webshop, og bruger telefonen til at foretage et køb, selvom det er på et senere tidspunkt.

Nogle udbydere er begyndt at indføre reklamer hvor annoncøren betaler, når man lytter til deres annonce, hvilket svarer til internet-baseret CPM reklame, når de beder om yderligere oplysninger, eller når de foretager et opkald.

IPTV kommer på sigt til at kombinere funktioner i kabel-tv og internet. Seerne kan her se reklamer i sidepanelet, som er relevante for programmet man ser på det pågældende tidspunkt. Man kan klikke på en reklame for at få flere detaljer, og denne handling kan derefter måles og bruges til at opkræve annoncøren.

Problematikker
Der er ligeledes risiko for svindel i performance-baseret markedsføring.
 Publikationen kan rapportere overdrevne performance-resultater, selvom det ville være usandsynligt hos et velrenommeret selskab, idet de ikke ville tage risikoen for at blive udsat for revision eller blive sat i forbindelse med uhensigtsmæssig adfærd. Det er derfor vigtigt at tænke over hvilket bureau man vælger.
  Bekymringer hvad angår krænkelse af brugerens privatliv, fordi brugerens handlinger kan måles.

Gode råd til performance marketing
Det er vigtigt at undersøge, hvor meget en ny kunde må koste, hvor mange nye kundeemner man har behov for i forhold til at nå et givent mål, og hvad det er man vil forsøge at lokke forbrugerne med osv.

Til dette forarbejde kan man starte med at udregne, hvor meget en ny kunde er værd i hele den periode denne er aktiv, og leverer et indkomstflow. Dernæst kan man beregne, hvor meget man er villig til at give for et nyt kundeemne.

Efter beregningen, kan man gå videre med at udarbejde en business case som belyser hvilke medier, der kan bringes i spil, hvorledes en landingpage forventes at fungere, hvor aggressivt der valideres på kontaktemner, hvor godt telemarketingfolkene evner at sælge, osv. Det er her man vurderer, om en marketinginvestering kan betale sig, eller om der skal foretages markante justeringer i grundlaget for kampagnen.

Se også
 Advertising
 AdWords
 Cost per action
 Internet marketing
 Pay-per-call advertising
 Pay per click

Eksterne Kilder
 http://thepma.org/our-work/the-performance-marketing-industry/
 The Online Lead Generation Glossary
 Performance-Based Advertising: Price and Advertising as Signals of Product Quality - Paper by Juan Feng and Jinhong Xie of the University of Florida.
 Performance-based Pricing Models in Online Advertising - - Paper by Yu Jeffrey Hu of Purdue
 Double Marginalization in Performance-Based Advertising: Implications and Solutions - Paper by Chrysanthos Dellarocas of Boston University.
 The Slow Decline of CPM Advertising? - Mark Evens: Analyst viewpoint
 Performance Marketing for dummies: models definition -

Markedsføring

Performance marketing


Peter Høgsted, født, 10. december 1968 i Randers er administrerende direktør i Coop Danmark siden 2013. Han blev student fra Randers Statsskole i 1988.

I studentertiden var han kassemedarbejder i FDB, hvor han efterhånden kom til at arbejde med markedsføring og HR.

I 1995 blev Høgsted personalechef hos IKEA Danmark, som i 1997 gjorde ham til markedschef, i 2000 til øverste chef i Danmark, i 2003 i England og i 2005 blev han medlem af IKEAs globale koncernledelse.

Mens han var i ledelsen af IKEA Danmark gennemførte han, at personalet måtte bære tørklæde i arbejdstiden, og at kasseassistenternes månedsløn steg med 4-5000 kr.

I 2008 indtrådte Peter Høgsted i ledelsen af den engelske byggemarkedskæde Kingfisher, som han forlod i 2012 for så i 2013 at blive øverste chef for Coop Danmark.

Noter

Henvisninger

Eksterne kilder
 Berlingske Business 20/7 2014

Coop Danmark
Direktører fra Danmark
Personer fra Randers

Peter Høgsted


أمفيترون هو شخصية من الميثولوجية الإغريقية. كان قائد عسكري ثيفي وابن الملك الكايوس ملك التيرينس. وكان صديقا لبانوبوس. بعد أن قتل عمه «الكتريون» ملك الميسينيين عن طريق الخطاء، طرده عمه سثينليوس فهرب مع ابنة عمه «الكمن» إلى ثيفا حيث طهره خاله «كريون» ملك ثيفا من خطيئة القتل.

المراجع

أساطير في أرغوليذا
أساطير هرقل
أمراء في الأساطير اليونانية
شخصيات أسطورية إغريقية
شهب البرشاويات
مسرح إغريقي قديم
مسرحيات 1690
مسرحيات ألمانية
مسرحيات فرنسية
مسرحيات لسوفوكليس

أمفيترون