Oshiro Chojo (* 1888; † 1935) war ein japanischer Kampfkunstexperte des Karate und Kobudō in Shuri, Okinawa, berühmt für seine Meisterschaft des Yamani-ryu, das er zum Oshiro-ha Yamani-ryu verfeinerte.

Leben
Das Geburtsdatum wird meist mit 1888 angegeben, könnte aber auch 1889 sein.

Er lernte das Shuri-te bei Itosu Yasutsune. und das Kobudō bei Tawada Shinboku.
Er war ebenfalls Schüler von Masaru Yamane no Chinen. Er war ein Kobudō-Meister. Bei Shinen Sanda erlernte er später das Kobudo des Yamani-ryu, das er später selbst interpretierte und nun als Oshiro ha Yamanni ryu bekannt ist.

Das Tomari-te lernte er bei Oyadomari Kōkan.

Er übte im Dojo von Chinen Sanda Peichin, in dem er nach dessen Weggang auch lehrte. Daneben lehrte er Karate und Bojutsu an öffentlichen Schulen. Er lehrte Kobudo auch am Shihan Gakku und Cogyu Gakku in Shuri.

Er gehörte dem Okinawa Tode-Forschungs-Club (Okinawa Tode Kenkyukai) an.

Unter seinen Schülern waren Chotoku Maeshiro (1909–1979) und ab 1926 Kinjo Hiroshi.

Oshiro Chojo starb 1935.

Einzelnachweise

Karateka (Japan)
Geboren 1888
Gestorben 1935
Mann
Japaner

Oshiro Chojo


Analiza părților interesate (, ) se referă la seria de tehnici și instrumente utilizate pentru a identifica și a înțelege necesitățile și așteptările de interes major ale părților interesate din interiorul și exteriorul mediului de desfășurare a unui proiect. Această analiză a părților interesate (pentru care și în l.română se folosește termenul din l. engleză stakeholder) stabilește care sunt persoanele sau grupurile care au un anumit interes în privința unei probleme, a unui proiect sau a unei companii. O parte interesată (în sensul termenului stakeholder) este o persoană, un grup sau o organizație care au interese sau preocupări/implicări într-o organizație. Exemple de părți interesate principale pot fi: creditorii, sponsorii, partenerii de afaceri, directorii, salariații, agențiile guvernamemtale, proprietarii organizației, sindicatele, furnizorii, clienții etc. După R.E. Freeman o parte interesată este orice grup de persoane sau o persoană care poate afecta sau este afectat(ă) de îndeplinirea scopului corporației.

În funcție de evaluarea intereselor, a influenței și a importanței fiecărei părți interesate sunt planificate acțiuni care să modifice aceste aprecieri sau se poate schimba modul în care va fi executat proiectul astfel încât să se obțină succesul unui proiect sau al unui plan. Deși analiza părților interesate are origini în mediul de afaceri și în știința managementului, aceasta este curent utilizată în domenii care se extind de la științe politice până la dezvoltarea politicilor și relațiilor internaționale, de asemenea în economia politică, teoria deciziei, studii de mediu etc.

Situații de aplicare

Analiza părților interesate se poate folosi în situații sau cazuri foarte diferite, după cum urmează.

 În cazul  în care se stabilesc problemele care trebuie să fie îmbunătățite, în funcție de necesitățile părților interesate.
 În managementul (administrarea) proiectelor o analiză a părților interesate poate fi necesară în faza de pregătire a proiectului, când echipa proiectului trebuie să identifice părțile interesate (stakeholderi), iar managerii pot decide pașii care trebuie parcurși pentru a limita influențele negative ale acestor stakeholderi asupra proiectului.

 În situația dinaintea demarării unor analize a problemei, în cazul în care părțile interesate pot afecta intrările acestora.
 Când se desfășoară o acțiune planificată, pentru a se asigura faptul că efectele acesteia asupra părților interesate sunt luate în considerare în momentul planificării.

 Atunci când se planifică implementarea unei schimbări, pentru a se asigura faptul că va fi susținută de cei care o pot face să fie un succes sau să fie un eșec.

Procedura de analiză
1. Se identifică părțile interesate principale, posibile, sau comunitatea de părți interesate. Se definește scopul analizei și se identifică utilizatorii potențiali ai informațiilor.

2. Se documentează necesitățile părților interesate, interesele și influențele acestora.

3. Se stabilește măsura, problema, acțiunea planificată, planul ce va fi aplicat. Se ține o ședință de brainstorming cu părțile interesate pentru a rezolva acest aspect. Se enumeră toate părțile interesate în prima coloană din stânga a unui tabel. Se împart părțile interesate în două categorii: părți primare și părți secundare. Părțile primare sunt cele direct afectate; părțile secundare sunt intermediarii implicați în procesul de livrare sau persoane implicate în implementarea, demararea acțiunilor, monitorizarea proiectului, planului etc.

4. Se identifică care este interesul/interesele respectivei părți în ceea ce privește acțiunea avută în vedere. Se enumeră interesele în coloana următoare a tabelului.

5. Se realizează un clasament al influenței fiecărei părți interesate pe o scară de la 1 până la 5 sau după calificativele scăzută, medie, ridicată. Se trece acest clasament în următoarea coloană a tabelului.

6. Se întocmește un clasament al importanței pe care o are fiecare parte interesată în obținerea succesului pe o scară de la 1 până la 5 sau cu calificativele scăzută, medie, ridicată. Se trece acest clasament în următoarea coloană a tabelului.

7. Se construește o diagramă bidimensională care să conțină pe o axă influența, iar pe cealaltă axă importanța. Se atribuie fiecărei părți interesate un cod format din numere sau litere. Se plasează acest număr sau literă atribuită în locul în care se consideră a fi potrivit pe această diagramă bidimensională influență - importanță.

8. Se analizează diagrama influență - importanță după cum urmează:

 Influență ridicată - importanță ridicată: se stabilesc relații bune de colaborare cu aceste părți interesate.
 Influență ridicată - importanță scăzută: acest tip de părți interesate pot sabota planurile sau pot spori problemele. Se va căuta o modalitate de a le include în acțiune, astfel încât interesele lor să crească.
 Influență scăzută - importanță ridicată: se va căuta o modalitate de a le oferi acestor părți interesate dreptul la opinie și influență sporită.
 Influență scăzută - importanță scăzută: se poate eventual monitoriza această situație, însă nu se vor irosi resurse aici.

9. Se dezvoltă strategii pentru fiecare parte interesată. Strategiile ar trebui alese astfel încât să susțină creșterea sprijinului și să reducă divergențele. Se scriu aceste strategii în ultima coloană a tabelului.

Recomandări pentru aplicarea analizei

 Pentru a identifica părțile interesate și care sunt interesele acestora se pun următoarele întrebări:

- Cine poate beneficia de rezultate?

- Cine poate fi afectat în mod negativ de acest proiect?

- Cine va fi nevoit să realizeze schimbări?

- Cine va fi nevoit să-și modifice comportamentul?

- Cine are obiective care se potrivesc cu acestea?

- Cine are obiective care se contrazic cu acestea?

- Cine are responsabilitatea luării deciziilor sau efectuării acțiunilor?

- Cine posedă resurse și cunoștințe care sunt importante pentru acest proiect?

- Cine are așteptări de la acest proiect sau acțiune?

 Se poate încerca împărțirea grupurilor de părți interesate în funcție de aspecte demografice: sex, ocupație etc.

 Influența părților interesate se referă la puterea de a lua sau de a afecta deciziile, de a controla resursele sau de a convinge și a obliga pe alții care pot să facă aceste lucruri; pe scurt, cât de "puternică" este această parte interesată.

 Importanța se referă la posibilitatea de a afecta sau de a fi afectat de rezultat, problemă sau acțiune. Aici sunt incluse, deseori, și informațiile, drepturile și dependențele.

 Părțile interesate evaluate ca având influență ridicată trebuie să fie implicate în vreun fel în proiect. Dacă acest fapt nu este posibil pentru părțile interesate care se opun, influența lor trebuie să fie neutralizată.

 Pot fi folosite și alte matrice sau tabele pentru a analiza părțile interesate. De exemplu, în situații complexe poate fi util un tabel care să conțină pe coloane părțile interesate, obiectivele lor principale, interesele pozitive potențiale, interesele negative potențiale și impactul general.

 O diagramă de relații și harta minții pot fi, de asemenea, folositoare pentru a descrie relațiile părților interesate.

Note

Lectură suplimentară
 Kammi Schmeer, Stakeholder Analysis Guidelines, 2000. []

Administrarea proiectelor
Științe umane

Analiza părților interesate


An Gymnadenia stiriaca in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Karl Rechinger, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Herwig Teppner och Erich Klein. An Gymnadenia stiriaca in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gymnadenia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an.

Mabibilngan ini ha Austria. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Gymnadenia

Gymnadenia stiriaca


Der Tsukahara-Kenjirō-Literaturpreis (jap. , Tsukahara Kenjirō Bungakushō) war ein Literaturpreis, der im Gedenken an den Schriftsteller Kenjirō Tsukahara und zur Förderung der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur alljährlich von 1978 bis 1991 vergeben wurde. Der Preis wurde zunächst vom Tsukahara-Kenjirō-Förderverein für Jugendliteratur unter der Leitung des Schriftstellers Miyaguchi Shizue, dann von 1989 an vom Kyōdo Verlag (, Kyōdo Shuppansha, etwa: "Heimatverlag in Nagano") vergeben. Die Preisvergabe wurde mit der 14. Verleihung am 8. März 1991 eingestellt.

Liste der Preisträger
 1978
 Wada Noboru für Kanashimi no Toride ()
 Miyashita Kazuo für Yu kaburi jinta ()
 1979
 als Förderpreis: Tsukada Masakimi für Bi to ai no tatakai ()
 als Förderpreis: Katsuno Motoku für Hotaru to bitate ()
 1980
 Obinata Hiroshi für Ningen tanjō () (Gedichtsammlung)
 1981
 Förderpreis:Shigeko Kusunoki für Kompeitō no yuki ()
 1982
 Hama Mitsuo für Renge no kisetsu ()
 als Förderpreis: Toda Kazuko für Oretachi wampaku kurasu ()
 1983
 Ozawa Satoshi  für Kuroshio monogatari ()
 Miyajima Masako für Sayonara deme ushi deme jāji ()
 1984
 Terashima Shunji für Rusuban koorogi ()
 1985
 Ōtsubo Kazuko für Sūbon no fue ()
 1986
 Asakawa Kayoko für Kiso no bāchan kishu ()
 Hanyūda Satoshi für Ama wa koishi ni natta ()
 1987
 Ushimaru Hitoshi für Fūkei ()
 1988
 Takada Mitsunari für Hachibuseyama no minwa ()
 Haba Fusako für Biruma no suna ()
 1989
 Kitahara Yukio für Chie no takara mono ()
 Takahashi Chūji für Rinroron () (Gedichtsammlung)
 1991
 als Förderpreis: Kitazawa Akitoshi für Asa ni fuku kaze ()
 als Förderpreis: Nakatsuka Yoko für Obāchan no komoriuta ()

Einzelnachweise

Literaturpreis (Japan)
Kinder- und Jugendliteraturpreis
Erstverleihung 1978
Ehemalige Auszeichnung

Tsukahara-Kenjirō-Literaturpreis


Sphaerochthonius litoralis ist eine Hornmilben-Art aus der Familie der Sphaerochthoniidae. Sie wurde von Heinrich Schatz entdeckt und 2003 erstmals beschrieben. Diese Milbe lebt meist in der Uferzone in trockener oder feuchter verrottender Laubstreu oder schwarzem Humus. Der Artname leitet sich vom lateinischen Begriff litoralis – "Zugehörigkeit zur Küste" ab.

Vorkommen
Hornmilben kommen in allen zoogeographischen Regionen, aber hauptsächlich in den Tropen und Subtropen, vor. Die Art Sphaerochthonius litoralis ist von 56 Exemplaren bekannt, die zwischen 1985 und 1988 im Uferbereich auf acht Inseln der Galapagos Inselgruppe gesammelt wurden.

 Insel Bartalomè, in der Nähe des Pinnacle Rock
 Insel Floreana (Santa Maria), an der Flamingo-Lagune in Punta Cormoràn
 Insel Santa Fe, nordöstlicher Teil
 Insel Genovesa, Darwin-Bucht
 Insel Rábida
 Insel Santa Cruz nahe Charles-Darwin-Forschungsstation
 Insel San Cristóbal
 Insel Sombrero Chino, nördlicher Teil

Morphologie Adulte
 Die Oberflächenstruktur am Rücken und am größten Teil des Notogasters besteht aus einem kantigen Geflecht mit dreieckigen Verdickungen in den Winkeln; am Rücken ist ein nasenförmiger Höcker vorhanden. Alle prodorsalen und seitlichen Borsten sind zweiastig und papillös; die adoralen, subcapitularen, epimeralen, genitalen und analen Borsten sind meistens geißelförmig. Es gibt acht genitale, neun bis elf anale und fünf adanale Borstenpaare.

 Die Gesamtkörpergröße beträgt 321 µm (Wertebereich 280–350) × 192 µm (Wertebereich 170–215). Die Länge des Notogasters allein beträgt 217 µm (Wertebereich 195–225). Die Farbe ist Gelb bis Hellbraun. Prodorsum und der größte Teil des Notogasters sind mit einem kantigen Geflecht bedeckt; Abgrenzungen und vor allem die Winkel der geöffneten Bereiche haben unregelmäßige Verdickungen und die Oberfläche ist mit Körnern besetzt. Auch die seitlichen Platten des Notogasters, das Kinn, die epimeralen, genitalen und die anoadanalen Platten sind mit Körnern bedeckt.

 Sphaerochthonius litoralis hat eine längliche Form, die seitlichen Kanten laufen nach vorne zusammen. Auf der medialen Fläche ist ein verdickter nasenförmiger Auswuchs vorhanden, der vorne leicht über den prodorsalen Panzer hinausragt. Die oberflächliche Struktur ist am Rücken vieleckig bis sechseckig, im Bereich zwischen den interlamellaren Borsten zeigen sich größere Vielecke.

Notogaster
Die Form ist nahezu rund. Am breitesten Teil des Notogasters gibt es auf beiden Seiten kleine Winkel, die durch die seitlichen Winkel der dreieckigen lateralen Platte zu einem L geformt werden.
16 Paar notogastrale Härchen sind vorhanden. Die Härchen sind kurz und glatt. Andere notogastrale Härchen sind zweiästig, papillös (warzenähnliche Erhebungen).

Gnathosoma
Das Mentum ist klein (35 × 30 µm), die subcapitularen Härchen sind setiform, basal leicht verdickt, distal sehr dünn, fast flagellenförmig. Es sind drei Paar Adoral-Härchen vorhanden, mit derselben Form wie die subcapitularen Härchen. Die Kieferklauen, mit einer Größe von 45–60 × 20–25 µm, sind mit beweglichen Fingern (20–25 lang) besetzt, beide Paare sind nach vorne gerichtet. Die Palpen bestehen aus fünf kurzen Segmenten.

Epimeralregion
Die Epimeralplatten I und II sind getrennt, die Platten III und IV sind fast vollständig an jeder Seite verschmolzen. Die Härchen sind recht lang, setiform, basal leicht verdickt, distal sehr dünn, fast flagellenförmig, teils bewimpert oder glatt, teils lang.

Anogenitalregion
Genitalplatten sind klein, 70–75 × 20 µm lang und haben eine ovale Form mit einer granulösen Oberfläche. Es sind acht Paar Genitalhärchen (20–27 µm lang) vorhanden, die dieselbe Form wie die epidermalen Härchen besitzen. Die Anal- und die Adanal-Platte sind verschmolzen. Es sind zehn Paar Analhärchen vorhanden (bei manchen Exemplaren sind es neun oder elf), welche basal verdickt und am distalen Ende sehr dünn, fast geißelförmig sind. In der Mitte und am Ende sind die Härchen (12–15 µm) gebogen. Außerdem sind fünf adanale Härchen vorhanden, die einästig mit verzweigten Ausstülpungen (Papillen) versehen sind (20–30 µm).

Die Beine haben eine angemessene Länge (ca. ein Drittel der Körperlänge, ohne Klauen). Alle Beine haben drei Zehen mit einer kleinen, starken Mittelklaue und lateral zwei fast borstenartige Klauen.

Prodorsum
Der Umriss des Prodorsums ist länglich, seitliche Kanten bedecken geringfügig die vorhergehenden. Das mittlere Podium verdickt, nasenförmiger Auswuchs, leicht anterior hervorstehend hinter den Randbereichen des prodorsalen Panzers. Die Härchen sind prodorsal verlängert.

Gastronotum
Breiter dorsaler Riss zwischen zwei Platten, welcher gut entwickelt und tief ist. Zusätzlich ist am hinteren Ende noch ein Riss entlang einer Borstenreihe vorhanden.

Entwicklung der Nyphmen
Nymphen haben eine blasse Farbe. Es wurden zwei Larvenstadien studiert: Protonymphe und Tritonymphe. Im Protonymphen-Stadium haben die Tiere eine Größe von 190 × 130 µm und der Notogaster eine Länge von 130 µm. Im Tritonymphen-Stadium haben die Tiere eine Größe von 260 × 170 µm und der Notogaster ist 170 µm lang. Die Oberflächenstruktur bei beiden Larvenstadien unterscheidet sich nicht von der Oberflächenstruktur eines erwachsenen Tiers.
Die ausgewachsenen Tiere der neuen Art unterscheiden sich von ihren Artverwandten in folgenden Punkten: Das Prodorsum zeigt eine nasenförmige Struktur in beiden Larvenstadien genau wie beim Erwachsenen. Die Form der prodorsalen Härchen ist gleich wie beim adulten Tier.

Morphologie der Nymphen

Beine
Alle Beine sind monodactyl und nach demselben Schema wie beim Adulttier aufgebaut.

Bauchregion
Form der Epimeralplatten und deren Position und die Anzahl der Borsten ist dieselbe wie bei adulten Tieren. Die Genitalplatten haben drei Paar Genitalpapillen und sieben Paar Genitalborsten (10–12 µm). Die Anal- und Adanal-Platte sind verschmolzen und besitzen neun Analborsten (9–10 µm) und zusätzlich sind fünf Paar Adanal-Borsten vorhanden. Die letzte Borste ist 20 µm lang. Die Form dieser Borsten ist dieselbe wie beim Adulttier.

Gnathosoma
Das Gnathosoma misst 30 × 20 µm. Die Borsten unterhalb des Kopfes sind 12–14 µm lang. Die Fühler haben dasselbe borstige Schema wie beim Adulttier; 25–30 lang, kurz dick zweigeteilt und besitzen die Form einer Wirbelsäule.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Heinrich Schatz: New Sphaerochthonius species from the Neotropical Region (Acari: Oribatida). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 110, 1, S. 111–124, 2003 (Erstbeschreibung; Online in der Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), abgerufen am 1. April 2013).

Weblinks
 Anatomie von Hornmilben
 Bedeutung des Fachbegriffes "setiform"

Sarcoptiformes (Ordnung)
Sarcoptiformes

Sphaerochthonius litoralis


Acoptorrhynchus, monotipski rod kukaca iz porodice pipa ili žižaka. jedini predstavnik je A. sus s otoka Nova Gvineja.

Izvori

Pipe

Acoptorrhynchus


Kabula je hrid na krajnjem sjeveru Brijunskog otočja, uz zapadnu obalu Istre. Najbliži otok je Gaz, oko 800 metara jugoistočno.

Na hridi, koja je na morskoj razini, je izgrađen svjetionik visine 3 metra.

Izvori

Brijuni
Svjetionici u Hrvatskoj

Kabula


Iblis (aserbaidschanisch İblis / ) ist eine um 1918 von Hüseyn Cavid verfasste Tragödie und eines seiner bekanntesten Werke. Es handelt sich um das erste aserbaidschanische Versdrama, das auf der Bühne erschien. Das Drama ist  nicht nur wegen seiner komplexen philosophischen Inhalte bemerkenswert, sondern auch wegen seines romantischen Stils.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Literarisches Werk
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Aserbaidschanisch)
Tragödie
Historisches Drama
Literarische Figur

Iblis (Drama)


Kodai Enomoto (født 5. november 1994) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Vegalta Sendai.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kodai Enomoto


العدد المثمن هو عدد شكلي يمثل شكل مثمن. حيث تعطى صيغة العدد المثمن للعدد n بالعلاقة 3n2 - 2n حيث n > 0.

 الأعداد الأولى من سلسلة الأعداد المثمنة هي:
1 - 8 - 21 - 40 - 65 - 96 - 133 - 176 - 225 - 280 - 341 - 408 - 481 - 560 -...

من الممكن إنشاء الأعداد المثمنة عن طريق وضع أربع أعداد مثلثية على الأضلاع الأربعة لمربع. بالصيغة التالية:

مراجع

أعداد شكلية

عدد مثمن


Adult Swim (stilizirano kao [adult swim]) je američka kasnovečernja televizija koja prikazuje serije za odrasle i prikazuje se noću od 20:00 do 06:00 sati na američkom tv kanalu Cartoon Network. Na Adult Swimu se isto prikazuje zasebni program koji većinom prikazuje anime i američke animirane serije, Toonami.

| TV program =

Programiranje
Neki od Adult Swim serija su:

Adult Swim


القيصوب أو الغاب أو البردي أو البوص  جنس نباتي ينتمي إلى الفصيلة النجيلية ويضم أنواعًا عشبية معمرة. هو نبات عشبي معمر له ساق قائمة وساق أخرى زاحفة وهذه الساق
تكون كثيرة التشعب، وتغطي الفروع الفتية بغمد الأوراق التي تكون مغططة طولياً وتحيط بالساق. والنورة ذات محاور طويلة تكون بنية اللون أو بنفسجية لها شكل بيضوي أو متطاول ويحمل المحور أشعاراً طويلة حريرية. وينمو قيصوب في معظم البلاد العربية، وهو نبات مائي يتحمل ملوحة التربة لذلك ينمو على جوانب الأودية والجداول المائية والمستنقعات.

الفوائد الاقتصادية
يستعمل نبات قيصوب في أغراض عديدة أهمها صناعة السلال ويتسعمل أيضاً في تسقيف البيوت في المناطق الريفية.

أنواعه
 القيصوب الجنوبي
 القيصوب الطويل

مراجع

أجناس الفصيلة النجيلية
أعشاب
حاملات التريبتامين المخل بالنفس
معالجة النبات
نباتات الحدائق
نباتات صالحة للأكل
نباتات متحملة للملوحة
نباتات مجتاحة

قيصوب


The Hu er mongólsk þjóðlagarokkhljómsveit stofnuð 2016. Með barkarsöng og þjóðlegum hlóðfærum (Morin khuur og Tovshuur), nefnir hljómsveitin stíl sinn "hunnu rokk", hu eftir fornu Tyrknesk/mongólsku veldi: Húnum einnig þekkt sem Xiongnu í austrænni menningu. Sumir textar hljómsveitarinnar eru með fornum mongólskum stríðsöskrum og ljóðum.

Meðlimir

Stofnmeðlimir
Galbadrakh Tsendbaatar eða "Gala" – morin khuur (mongólskur gítar), barkarsöngur (2016–nú)
Nyamjantsan Galsanjamts eða "Jaya" – tumur hhuur, tsuur, barkarsöngur (2016–present)
Enkhsaikhan Batjargal eða "Enkush" – morin khuur ("hestshaus" gítar), barkarsöngur (2016–nú)
Temuulen Naranbaatar eða "Temka" – tovshuur (mongólskur gítar), bakraddir (2016–nú)

Túra meðlimir
 Jambaldorj Ayush eða "Jamba" – gítar, bakraddir (2019–nú)
 Nyamdavaa Byambaa eða "Davaa" – bassi, bakraddir (2020–nú)
 Unumunkh Maralkhuu eða "Ono" – ásláttarhljóðfæri, tumur khuur, bakraddir (2019–nú)
 Odbayar Gantumur eða "Odko" – trommur (2019–nú)

Fyrrum túra mmeðlimir
 Batkhuu Batbayar eða "Batkhuu" – bass, bakraddir (túrar) (2019–2020)

Útgefin tónlist

Stúdíó albúm
 The Gereg (2019)

Smáskífur
 Yuve Yuve Yu (2018)
 Wolf Totem (2018)
 Shoog Shoog (2019)
 The Gereg (2019)
 Sad but True cover (2021)

Tilvísanir

Tenglar

Mongólskar þungarokks hljómsveitir
Þjóðlagarokks hljómsveitir

The Hu


Sebastian Hausner (født 11. april 2000) er en fodboldspiller, der spiller i svenske IFK Göteborg, hvortil han skiftede fra danske AGF i januar 2023.

Klubkarriere
Han har i sine ungdomsår spillet i Horsens fS, FC Horsens og AC Horsens. For AC Horsens' U/15-hold var Hausner anfører, hvor han hovedsageligt spillede på enten 6-positionen eller i det centrale forsvar.

AGF
I november 2014 blev det offentliggjort, at Hasuner fra årsskiftet 2015 skiftede til AGF's U/15-hold. Efter halvandet år i AGF, hvor han i 2015-16-udgaven af U/17 Ligaen var fast mand, skrev han i juni 2016 under på en treårig ungdomskontrakt med AGF.

I maj 2017 blev Hausner rykket op på AGF´s førstehold samtidigt med Daniel Thøgersen. Han blev i foråret 2017 udtaget til AGF's kampe, dog uden at komme på banen. Han fik sin officielle debut for AGF i DBU Pokalen den 26. september 2018 mod Aarhus Fremad, hvor han spillede de sidste 15 minutter. Debuten i Superligaen kom i marts 2019 mod Vendsyssel F.F..

I juli 2019 skrev under på en forlængelse af sin kontrakt på fire år.

Samtidigt med Albert Grønbæk skrev han medio december 2020 under på en kontraktforlængelse gældende frem til udgangen 2025.

Hausner var i AGF med til at vinde DM-bronze i 2020 og fik mange kampe på førsteholdet for klubben. I efteråret 2022 blev det ikke helt til så meget spilletid for forsvarsspilleren, som derpå valgte at forlade AGF.

IFK Göteborg
På en af de sidste dage i transfervinduet i januar 2023 skrev Hausner kontrakt med den svenske klub IFK Göteborg gældende til sommeren 2026.

Landsholdskarriere
Hausner har repræsenteret Danmarks U/16-, U/17, U/18, U/19 og U/21-landshold.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Hausners profil på agf.dk

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra AC Horsens
Fodboldspillere fra AGF
Fodboldspillere fra IFK Göteborg

Sebastian Hausner


كريستيان فيلهلمسون  هو لاعب سويدي ولد سنة 1979 م، في مدينة مالمو السويدية، وبدأ مسيرته الكروية في نادي مجالبي السويدي في عام 1997 م وحتى هذا العام شارك مع 10 أندية.

مسيرته الكروية

ميالبي السويدي
شارك مع ميالبي لـ 3 مواسم من 1997 إلى 1999، حيث كانت البداية ضعيفه لصغر سنة، فقد شارك في 6 لقاءات في موسمه الأول لم يسجل فيها أي هدف.

و في الموسم الثاني شارك في 21 مباراة احرز خلالها 4 اهداف.

اما موسمه الأخير فقد لعب في 25 مباراة، احرز خلالها 7 اهداف.

لعب 52 مباراة سجل خلالها 11 هدف.

ستابايك النرويجي

شارك مع نادي ستابايك النرويجي لـ 4 مواسم حيث امتع الجميع بـ لمساته وسحرهه الكروي المميز مع فريقه ستابايك.

بدأ في عام 1999-2000 وشارك في 24 مباراة احرز خلالها 9 اهداف.

في الموسم الثاني شارك في 25 مباراة احرز خلالها 6 اهداف.

في عامه الأخير اثرت عليه الإصابة، ولم يستطع إلا أن يشارك في 9 لقاءات احرز خلالها 4 اهداف.

لعب 84 مباراة سجل خلالها 25 هدف.

ثم انتقل إلى نادي أندرلخت البلجيكي.

أندرلخت البلجيكي

يبدو بأن أفضل وأجمل وأروع أيامه في مسيرته الكروية هي مع نادي أندرلخت البلجيكي بالرغم من أنه ليس نادي سويدي.. إلا أن النادي البلجيكي قد ساعده على أن يشتهر أكثر في البطولات الأوروبية وساعده على المشاركة في البطولة الأغلى والأجمل والأمتع بطولة دوري أبطال أوروبا.

شارك في الدوري البلجيكي لـ 3 مواسم وتعتبر هذه المواسم هي الأجمل في مسيرته الكروية حتى الآن.

حيث كانت البداية عام 2003-2004، شارك خلالها في 27 مباراة احرز 5 اهداف
في العام التالي، لعب 32 مباراة احرز فيها 4 اهداف، وفي نفس العام لعب مع فريقه في دوري أبطال أوروبا واستطاع ويلهمسون اللعب في 6 مباريات وسجل منها هدفين.
في عامه الأخير، لعب 31 مباراة، احرز 5 اهداف، وفي نفس الموسم استطاع فيلهامسون من اللعب في دوري أبطال أوروبا للموسم الثاني على التوالي واستطاع لعب 5 مباريات من دون تسجيل أي هدف.

وأحرز بطولة الدوري مرتين مع أندرلخت.

نانت الفرنسي

كان قدومه لنادي نانت نقطه سوداء في تاريخه، حيث أن النادي لم يستغل موهبته جيداً
شارك في موسمه الأول 16 مباراة وسجل هدف وحيد
وبعدها استطاع نادي روما من التعاقد معه على سبيل الإعارة حتى نهاية الموسم مع إمكانية لـ شراء عقد الاعب بـ 3 ملايين يورو.

نادي الهلال السعودي

انتقل كريستيان وليهلمسون إلى نادي الهلال السعودي يوم الاثنين 4/8/2008 قادما من نادي نانت الفرنسي بعقد طويل المدى يمتد لسنتين بقيمه 8,7 مليون يورو. أي ما يقدر بـ 56 مليون ريال سعودي تكفل بالصفقة رئيس النادي بالكامل وكان من أفضل الأجانب في الدوري السعودي.
وقد لاقى اللاعب في بدايته مع نادي الهلال استياءً كبيراً من جماهير نادي الهلال، ولكنه سرعان ما أثبت اهميته في خارطة الفريق في مبارياته الأخيرة وقد أثبت بالفعل أنه لاعب من الطراز النادر في الملاعب السعودية بسبب لياقته العالية وسرعته في تغطية الملعب بكافة أنحاءه. حصل على جائزة أفضل لاعب في دوري المحترفين السعودي بالإضافة لأفضل لاعب وسط للموسم 2009- 2010.

وبالإضافة إلى البطولات التي حققها مع نادي الهلال بمساهمتة الفعالة في تحقيق الاهداف وصناعتها.

وبعد أن استغنى عنه النادي في بدأية موسم عام 2011-2012 بنظام الإعارة إلى نادي الاهلي القطري أحس الهلال بفقد اللاعب وعاد ليتدارك الامر بإرجاعه إلى الدفة الهلالية خلال فترة الانتقالات الشتوية بديلاً للاعب إيكيل إيمانا، ويعلق عشاق الهلال آمالهم في كريستيان فيلهلمسون إلى أرجاع هيبت الهلال في المواسم الماضية بوجود هذا اللاعب

مسيرة اللاعب مع منتخب بلاده ولخبطة أوراق المنتخب
شارك مع منتخب بلاده 50 مباراة أحرز خلالها 4 أهداف ولكن تم استبعاده مؤخرًا عن المنتخب في خطوة أثارت الإعلام السويدي
وأدى ذلك إلى تصريح زميله اللاعب زلاتان إبراهيموفتش بالاستغراب من رأي المدرب في استبعاد فيلهلمسون رغم أنه يقدم مستويات جيده مع ناديه نادي الهلال في المملكة العربية السعودية.

ولكن المنتخب تراجع عن قراره بعد تألقه في مباريات الدوري السعودي لنادي الهلال وتم ضمه إلى المنتخب.

إحصائيات

|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|ماجالبي||||6||0||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||||21||4||||||||||||||||
|-
|1999||||25||7||||||||||||||||

|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|ستابك||rowspan="4"|الدوري النرويجي||24||9||||||||||||||||
|-
|2001||25||6||||||||||||||||
|-
|2002||26||6||||||||||||||||
|-
|2003||9||4||||||||||||||||

|-
|2003-04||rowspan="3"|آندرلخت||rowspan="3"|الدوري البلجيكي||27||5||||||||||||||||
|-
|2004-05||32||4||||||||||6||2||||
|-
|2005-06||31||5||||||||||5||||||

|-
|2006-07||نانت||الدوري الفرنسي||13||0||||||||||||||||

|-
|2006-07||روما||الدوري الإيطالي||19||1||||||||||||||||

|-
|2007-08||بولتون واندررز||الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز||8||0||||||||||||||||

|-
|2007-08||ديبورتيف لاكارونا||ليغا||15||1||||||||||||||||

|-
|2008-09||rowspan="4"|الهلال||rowspan="4"|الدوري السعودي||18||4||6||3||5||2||4||0||33||9
|-
|2009-10||15||9||4||3||4||1||3||0||26||12
|-
|2010-11||15||6||3||1||2||1||8||3||28||11
|-
|2011-12||9||4||4||1||4||2||4||2||21||9
|-
52||11||||||||||||||||
84||25||||||||||||||||
90||14||||||||||||||||
13||0||||||||||||||||
19||1||||||||||||||||
8||0||||||||||||||||
15||1||||||||||||||||
116||41||||||||||||||||
11||0||||||||||||||||
5||1||||||||||||||||
8||3||||||||||||||||
478||116||||||||||||||||
|}

المراجع

هيئة دوري المحترفين السعودي

موقع كوووورة

وصلات خارجية

 معلومات عن اللاعب.

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سويديون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سويديون مغتربون
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في السعودية
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في النرويج
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في بلجيكا
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون سويديون مغتربون في قطر
رياضيون من مالمو
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القدم
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإماراتي
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو الدوري السويدي لكرة القدم الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري السويدي لكرة القدم الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري النرويجي الممتاز
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (قطر)
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2004
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2012
لاعبو بولتون واندررز
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو دوري نجوم قطر
لاعبو ديبورتيفو لاكورونيا
لاعبو روما
لاعبو كأس العالم 2006
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في النرويج
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم سويديون
لاعبو كرة قدم سويديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في النرويج
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم من مالمو
لاعبو كرة قدم من محافظة اسكونه
لاعبو لوس أنجلوس غالاكسي
لاعبو منتخب السويد تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب السويد لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الهلال (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي أندرلخت
لاعبو نادي بني ياس
لاعبو نادي ستابك
لاعبو نانت
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1979
مواليد في مالمو

كريستيان فيلهلمسون


The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead, comumente referido apenas como The Psychedelic Experience, é uma obra de 1964 escrita por Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner e Richard Alpert. Todos os três autores participaram de pesquisas que investigavam o potencial terapêutico de drogas psicodélicas, como LSD, psilocibina e mescalina, além da capacidade dessas substâncias de às vezes induzir estados religiosos e místicos de consciência.

Este livro discute os vários estágios da perda do ego que ocorrem com alucinógenos e fornece instruções detalhadas sobre como perceber e se comportar nesses diferentes estágios. A "viagem" interna psicodélica é, assim, comparada a uma experiência metafórica de morte-renascimento, com o texto como guia. Idealizado desde 1962, como parte do projeto Zihuatanejo, foi dedicado ao escritor Aldous Huxley, um dos primeiros defensores dos psicodélicos, e inclui uma breve citação introdutória de The Doors of Perception.

Trechos de The Psychedelic Experience foram recuperados na canção "Tomorrow Never Knows", da banda The Beatles.

Livros de 1964
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Diversidade)

The Psychedelic Experience


La Scarzuola est un ensemble architectural en Ombrie, situé au hameau rural (frazione) de  sur la commune de Montegabbione en Province de Terni. Son emplacement est celui d'un couvent du  dédié Saint François d'Assise et partiellement abandonné au . En 1957, l'architecte milanais  (1900 - 1981) acquiert l'ensemble à partir duquel il construit sa « ville-théâtre » , interprétation personnelle de la cité idéale, un complexe architectural composé des vestiges restaurés de l'ancien couvent et d'un ensemble créé de toutes pièces et mêlant de nombreux styles et évocations, en grande partie réalisé à partir des pierres des ruines de l'ancien couvent.

Histoire
Le site est pour la première fois mentionné dans une chronique de 1218 qui le décrit comme le lieu où une fontaine jaillit miraculeusement à l'endroit où saint François d'Assise s'était construit un abri en scarza, une plante des marais, à l'origine du nom du site, à l'endroit où il avait planté un rosier et un laurier. Pour le commémorer, les comtes de  fondent en ce lieu une église puis un couvent confié aux franciscains qui l'occupent jusqu'à la fin du  lorsque les marquis Misciatelli d'Orvieto prennent possession des lieux. Le couvent fait l'objet de rénovations et remaniements importants au . De 1243 et pendant six siècles, le site est le lieu d'inhumation privilégié des Comtes et de leurs épouses. Après l'inhumation du comte Francesco di Marsciano en 1820, le couvent est partiellement abandonné puis tombe progressivement en ruine durant le   et la première moitié du . Tomaso Buzzi, brillant architecte et décorateur milanais mondain et renommé est séduit par ce site en parti ruiné et l'achète en 1957. Il passe le reste de sa vie à la rénovation des restes du couvent et à la construction d'un large ensemble architectural composés de bâtiments et de sept amphithéâtres de diverses tailles - métaphores métaphysiques et surréalistes du théâtre de la vie selon lui - en réutilisant très largement les pierres des parties ruinées de l'ancien couvent. Buzzi construit également de nombreuses statues et structures, notamment une évocation de la Tour de Babel pour représenter les différents âges de la Vie et la Vanité  et il reprend de nombreux symboles alchimiques, ésotériques, eschatologiques et maçonniques.

La partie la plus spectaculaire du site est une sorte de cité miniature et condensée qui reproduit des évocations d'architectures de tous styles, de l'Antiquité à la Renaissance, telles que le Temple de Vesta, la Pyramide de Khéops, le Parthénon, la Tour des Vents, mais aussi l'Arc de triomphe et la  à Mantoue.

Buzzi meure en 1981 après avoir consacré plus de vingt années de sa vie à son projet existentiel qui demeure dans un état d'abandon et d'inachèvement en partie volontaire, et que poursuit Marco Solari, son neveu.

Aujourd'hui (2022), La Scarzuola est un lieu touristique privé dont l'accès est payant.

Le caractère surréaliste du site a inspiré Gucci qui l'a utilisé en 2020 pour une campagne de communication autour de la floraison.

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Jardins de Bomarzo
 Portmeirion
 Cathédrale Nuestra Señora del Pilar
 Palais idéal
 Cité idéale
 La Cité idéale (Urbino)
 Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
 L'Ange volant, villa à laquelle a participé Tomaso Buzzi
 Villa Barbaro, villa palladienne restaurée par Tomaso Buzzi
 Villa Necchi Campiglio, villa construite par Piero Portaluppi de 1932 à 1935 puis aménagée, rénovée et réaménagée par Tomaso Buzzi à partir de 1938
 Villa d'Hadrien
 Villa d'Este
 Andrea Palladio
 Vincenzo Scamozzi
 Sebastiano Serlio
 Pirro Ligorio
 Giovanni Battista Piranesi

Liens externes
 / Site officiel

Projet urbain et architectural
Architecture utopique
Architecture en Ombrie
Province de Terni

La Scarzuola


بلدية سانستاي-سبايرايتوس , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة بطليوس, التي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا, والتي تقع في غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 287 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في بطليوس
بلديات بطليوس

سانستاي-سبايرايتوس (إكستريمادورا)


Marie Elisabeth Wiegmann (født Hancke den 7. november 1820 i Silberberg, død den 4. december 1893 i Düsseldorf) var en tysk malerinde. Hun var gift med Rudolph Wiegmann.

Marie Hancke kom 1841 til Düsseldorf, hvor hun stod i lære hos Hermann Stilke, men primært studerede portrætmaleri under Karl Ferdinand Sohn. For at videreuddanne sig besøgte hun Tysklands kunstcentre, Hollands gallerier samt England og Venedig. Mange af hendes billeder er genrebilleder til eventyr og romantisk digtning, men ved siden af dette malede hun også portrætter, især af børn, men også af kendte personer som Karl Sohn, Heinrich von Sybel og Karl Schnaase (i Berlins gamle nationalgalleri).

Kilder

Malere fra Tyskland

Tyskere i 1800-tallet

Marie Wiegmann


The Provisional Government of Ireland () was the provisional government for the administration of Southern Ireland from 16 January 1922 to 5 December 1922. It was a transitional administration for the period between the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the establishment of the Irish Free State. Its legitimacy was disputed by the Anti-Treaty members of Dáil Éireann.

Legal formation

Article 17 of the Anglo-Irish Treaty begins:

On 14 January 1922 a meeting of the members elected to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland was held at the Mansion House, Dublin. At the meeting the Anglo-Irish Treaty was ratified by the Irish side in accordance with the Treaty and a Provisional Government was elected for the purposes of Article 17 of the Treaty. Michael Collins was appointed its chairman. The Provisional Government took up office two days later on 16 January 1922 when British administration handed over Dublin Castle to Collins in person. At this time, Westminster had not formally appointed the new Irish ministers or conferred their government with any powers.

These gaps were addressed through the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922 of the British Parliament passed on 31 March 1922. It gave the force of law to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which was scheduled to the Act. Section 1(2) of the Act provided that for the purposes of giving effect to Article 17 of the Treaty:

 the British Government could by Orders in Council transfer powers to the Provisional Government of Southern Ireland;

 the Parliament of Southern Ireland would be dissolved within four months from the passing of the Act; and

 elections would be held for "the House of the Parliament" to which the Provisional Government would be responsible.

The Act did not give a name to that Parliament but said that in matters within the jurisdiction of the Provisional Government (i.e. only certain matters concerning Southern Ireland), it would have power to make laws in like manner as the Parliament of the Irish Free State when constituted.

By Order in Council under the Act, the British Government formally transferred powers to the Provisional Government on 1 April 1922. The relevant Order in Council signed on 1 April was the "Provisional Government (Transfer of Functions) Order, 1922". This Order passed on the full authority of the state within Southern Ireland to the Provisional Government, including, for the time being, all the laws that applied to Southern Ireland when under British rule. The Ministerial appointments became official and were announced in Iris Oifigiúil No.19 of 4 April 1922.

Name

The government is generally referred to simply as "the Provisional Government". It is sometimes referred to as "the Provisional Government of Ireland", or "the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State". In article 17 of the Treaty, under which it was set up, it was referred to merely as "a provisional Government", although Article 15, dealing with discussions between North and South, referred to "the provisional Government of Southern Ireland hereinafter constituted". The Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922, which implemented the Treaty in British law, referred to it only as "the Provisional Government established under that Article [Article 17]". Similarly, the Mansion House meeting at which the government was constituted resolved that "a Provisional Government be and is hereby constituted". The Irish Times story on the meeting referred to it as "the Irish Free State Provisional Government", while its editorial of the same date referred to it as "the Provisional Government of Ireland". A committee set up to deal with Irish affairs, headed by Winston Churchill, was called the "Provisional Government of Ireland Committee".

The Provisional Government styled itself  (Provisional Government of Ireland) in Irish. It overprinted its postage stamps accordingly.  also appeared at the head of High Court proceedings, with the approval of the British government (and to the chagrin of Sir Thomas Molony, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland).
Several Acts of the post-1922 Oireachtas of the Irish Free State and the post-1937 Oireachtas refer to the "Provisional Government of Ireland".

Concurrent Dáil administration
Under the Irish Republic's Dáil Constitution adopted in 1919, Dáil Éireann continued to exist after it had ratified the Anglo-Irish Treaty. In protest at the ratification, Éamon de Valera resigned the presidency of the Dáil then sought re-election from among its members (to clarify his mandate), but Arthur Griffith defeated him in the vote and assumed the presidency.

Most of the Dáil Ministers became concurrently Ministers of this Provisional Government. Michael Collins became Chairman of the Provisional Government, while also serving as Minister for Finance in Griffith's Dáil ministry.

The members of the Provisional Government were also members of the Republican Dáil and that parliament held meetings into June. The Dáil had no legitimacy in British law and under its own laws was the parliament to which the Ministry of Dáil Éireann was accountable.

Handover of Dublin Castle

One of the earliest and most remarkable events in the short life of the Provisional Government was the handover of Dublin Castle to the Provisional Government. For centuries Dublin Castle was the symbol, as well as the citadel, of British rule in Ireland. The transfer of the Dublin Castle administration to the representatives of the Irish people was greatly welcomed in Dublin. It was regarded as a significant outward and visible sign that British rule was ending. The handover of Dublin Castle occurred on 16 January 1922. The following is a summary of the account of what happened provided by The Times:

The following officiaI communique was afterwards issued from the Castle:

On leaving the Castle the members of the Provisional Government again received a great ovation from a largely augmented crowd. They returned to the Mansion House from where the Chairman of the Provisional Government, Michael Collins issued the following statement (referring to nothing less than a surrender of the Castle):

At the end of the day's events, the following telegram was sent from the King to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland:

Accountability

There was never again "a meeting of members of the Parliament elected for constituencies in Southern Ireland" after 14 January 1922 and neither the Treaty nor the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922 provided that the Provisional Government was or would be accountable to any such body. On 27 May 1922 Lord FitzAlan, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in accordance with the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922 formally dissolved the Parliament of Southern Ireland and by proclamation called "a Parliament to be known as and styled the Provisional Parliament". Under the terms of the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922, the Provisional Government did become accountable to that Provisional Parliament. Therefore, between its formation on 14 January 1922 and 9 September 1922, when the Provisional Parliament or Third Dáil first met, the Provisional Government was responsible to no parliament at all.

In November 1922, when refusing a writ of  for Erskine Childers and eight other IRA men who had been sentenced to death by a court-martial established by the Provisional Government, the Master of the Rolls in Ireland, Charles O'Connor, considered the existence of a Provisional Government and its authority to act as proposed and execute the nine.

Lord Fitzalan remained in office during the period of the Provisional Government. In the summer of 1922 he frequently held military reviews of departing British soldiers in the Phoenix Park outside the then Viceregal Lodge.

Civil War

Anti-treatyites, having opposed the Treaty in the Dáil, mostly withdrew from the assembly and, having formed an opposition "republican government" under Éamon de Valera, began a political campaign from March 1922. At the same time the powerful IRA Army Executive divided, and its anti-Treaty members refused to be bound by the Dáil vote that had ratified it. Barracks that were being evacuated by the British army, in line with the Treaty, were sometimes taken over by anti-Treaty forces. The Dunmanway killings in April emphasised the government's lack of control. In May 1,200 Garda Síochána recruits mutinied. A force led by Rory O'Connor occupied four central buildings in Dublin on 14 April. The Provisional Government ignored this challenge to its authority, hoping that the occupiers would realise that they had achieved nothing, and leave. Instead some incidents at the Four Courts in late June led to the open outbreak of the Irish Civil War on 28 June.

A general election was held on 16 June 1922, held just before the civil war. By mid-1922, Collins in effect laid down his responsibilities as President of the Provisional Government to become Commander-in-Chief of the National Army, a formal structured uniformed army that formed around the pro-Treaty IRA. As part of those duties, he travelled to his native County Cork. On his way home on 22 August 1922, he was killed in an ambush at Béal na mBláth (an Irish language placename that means 'the Mouth of Flowers'). He was 31 years old. The Second Irish Provisional Government took office on 30 August 1922 until the creation of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922. After Collins' and Griffith's deaths in August 1922, W. T. Cosgrave became both Chairman of the Provisional Government and President of Dáil Éireann, and the distinction between the two posts became irrelevant.

On 6 December 1922, the Irish Free State came into being, and the Provisional Government was succeeded by the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, presided over by a prime minister called the President of the Executive Council.

Northern Ireland

The Provisional Government covertly supplied arms to the IRA in Northern Ireland in an attempt to maintain IRA support elsewhere. This undeclared conflict was formally ended by the "Craig-Collins Agreement" of 30 March 1922, but Collins continued to supply arms until shortly before his death in August 1922. Provisional Government policy changed between trying to persuade the Government of Northern Ireland to join a re-united Ireland and trying to overthrow it. A major concern was the welfare of Catholics in Northern Ireland, who were distrustful of the Ulster Special Constabulary that was formed in late 1921 to deal with the IRA there. Collins's support for the IRA was limited to defensive actions from 2 August. The Government lifted, then re-imposed and then lifted the "Belfast Boycott", designed to end the sale of Northern Irish goods in the south.

On 7 December the House of Commons of Northern Ireland unanimously exercised its right under the Treaty to opt out of the Free State.

List of ministers

 First Provisional Government (January to August 1922)
 Second Provisional Government (August to December 1922)

See also

Government of Ireland Act 1920
Provisional Government of the Irish Republic (1916)

References

Further reading

 Carroll, John P., and John A. Murphy, eds. De Valera and his times (Cork University Press, 1983).
 Coleman, Marie. County Longford and the Irish revolution, 1910–1923 (Irish Academic Press, 2003).
 Coogan, Tim Pat. Michael Collins: a biography (Random House, 1991)
 Coogan, Tim Pat. Eamon de Valera: The Man Who Was Ireland (1993)
 Doherty, Gabriel, and Dermot Keogh. Michael Collins and the making of the Irish State (Mercier Press Ltd, 2006).
 Hopkinson, Michael. The Irish war of independence (McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 2002.)
 Macardle, Dorothy. The Irish Republic: a documented chronicle of the Anglo-Irish conflict and the partitioning of Ireland, with a detailed account of the period 1916–1923 (reprinted, Wolfhound Press (IE), 1999.)
 McGarry, Fearghal. Eoin O'Duffy: a self-made hero (Oxford University Press, 2005).
 Towey, Thomas. "The Reaction of the British Government to the 1922 Collins-de Valera Pact." Irish Historical Studies (1980): 65–76.
 Walsh, Maurice. Bitter Freedom: Ireland In A Revolutionary World 1918–1923 (Faber & Faber, 2015).
 Yeates, Padraig. A City in Civil War–Dublin 1921–1924: A Social History of the Irish Civil War in Ireland's Capital City (Gill & Macmillan Ltd, 2015).

History of the Commonwealth of Nations
History of the Republic of Ireland
Ireland
1922 establishments in Ireland
Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations

Provisional Government of Ireland (1922)


"Champagne Problems" (stilizirano malim slovima) je pjesma američke kantautorice Taylor Swift. To je druga pjesma na Swiftinom devetom studijskom albumu, Evermore, koji je objavljen 11. prosinca 2020. preko Republic Recordsa. Swift je napisala pjesmu s Joeom Alwynom (pod pseudonimom William Bowery) i producirala ju s Aaronom Dessnerom. "Champagne Problems" je lo-fi balada napisana iz perspektive problematične djevojke koja odbija ljubavnikovu iskrenu bračnu ponudu zbog vlastitih problema s mentalnim zdravljem. Pjesma prikazuje pripovjedača koji preuzima odgovornost za prekid i oplakuje izblijedjelu vezu.

Nakon izlaska albuma, "Champagne Problems" dobio je pohvale kritičara zbog svog živopisnog prikaza slomljenog srca i mentalnog zdravlja. U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, pjesma je debitirala na 21. mjestu Billboard Hot 100, 3. na Billboard Hot Rock & Alternative Songs ljestvici i 7. na Rolling Stone Top 100. Na međunarodnoj razini, bila je na 6. mjestu u Kanadi i Irskoj i dospio je među 20 najboljih na Billboard Global 200 te u Australiji, Maleziji, Singapuru i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.

Pozadina
Swift je napisala pjesmu "Champagne Problems" s Joeom Alwynom (pod pseudonimom William Bowery), s kojim je u romantičnoj vezi od 2016. Unatoč nagađanjima da je Swift napisala tekst o njihovoj vlastitoj vezi, objasnila je da su ga ona i Alwyn napisali zajedno i detaljno opisala proces pisanja: "Kažem da je bilo iznenađenje što smo počeli pisati zajedno, ali na neki način nije, jer oduvijek smo bili povezani oko glazbe i imali smo iste glazbene ukuse, a on je uvijek osoba koja mi pokazuje pjesme izvođača i onda one postanu moje omiljene pjesme ili što god. Joe i ja stvarno volimo tužne pjesme. Uvijek smo bili povezani oko glazbe. Tako je i bilo... Mi pišemo najtužnije. Što da kažem?" Objasnila je kako je most u pjesmi jedan od njenih omiljenih dijelova pjesme: "Tako sam uzbuđena što ću jednog dana biti pred publikom kada će svi pjevati, 'Ona bi bila tako divna nevjesta / Kakva šteta što je sjebana u glavi."

Zasluge
Zasluge za pjesmu:
 Taylor Swift − vokal, pisanje pjesama, produkcija
 Aaron Dessner − produkcija, snimanje, klavir, sintesajzer, akustična gitara, sint bas
 William Bowery − tekstopisac
 Jonathan Low − snimanje vokala, miksanje, snimanje
 Greg Calbi − mastering
 Steve Fallone − mastering
 Logan Coale − uspravni bas

Ljestvice

Izvori

Skladbe Taylor Swift
Američke skladbe

Champagne Problems (pjesma Taylor Swift)


Bernabé Williams Figueroa Jr. (born September 13, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player and musician. He played his entire 16-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the New York Yankees from 1991 through 2006.

A center fielder, Williams was a member of four World Series championship teams with the Yankees. He ended his career with a .297 batting average, 287 home runs, 1,257 runs batted in (RBI), 1,366 runs scored, 449 doubles, and a .990 fielding percentage. He was a five-time All-Star and won four Gold Glove Awards, a Silver Slugger Award, the American League (AL) batting title in 1998, and the 1996 AL Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award. Known for his consistency and postseason heroics, Williams is one of the most beloved Yankees. The team honored him by retiring his uniform number 51 and dedicating a plaque to him in Monument Park in May 2015. Williams is widely regarded as one of the greatest switch-hitting center fielders in history.

Williams is also a classically trained guitarist. Following his retirement from baseball, he has released two jazz albums. He was nominated for a Latin Grammy in 2009.

Early life
Bernabé Williams Figueroa Jr. was born to Bernabé Williams Sr., a merchant marine and dispatcher, and Rufina Figueroa, a retired principal and college professor. The Williams family lived in the Bronx until Bernie was one year old, when they moved to Puerto Rico.

Growing up, Williams played classical guitar as well as baseball. He was also active in track and field, winning medals at an international meet at the age of 15. At the 1984 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Williams won gold in the 200 metres (m), 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and 4 × 400 m relay events for competitors under the age of 17, and the silver medal for the 4 × 100 m relay among competitors younger than 20.

Achievements in track and field

Baseball career

Minor league career
In 1985, Roberto Rivera, a scout for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB), discovered Williams and Williams' friend, Juan González. Though Rivera was not interested in González, who he perceived as not taking the game seriously, he wanted to sign Williams. However, Williams was a few months shy of his 17th birthday, when he would become eligible to sign with an MLB team. The Yankees put Williams in a training camp in Connecticut near the home of scouting director Doug Melvin who later had Juan Gonzalez on his Texas Rangers teams. After playing a few games in the Greater Hartford Twilight Baseball League on the Katz Sports Shop team, Williams was officially signed by the Yankees on his 17th birthday.

While playing in Minor League Baseball, Williams took a course on biology at the University of Puerto Rico, and considered undertaking a pre-medical track as an undergraduate student. Deciding that he could not excel at baseball and medicine at the same time, Williams decided to focus on baseball. Playing for Double-A Albany-Colonie Yankees, he continued to develop his athletic skills – particularly as a switch hitter. Although viewed as a great prospect by Yankee management, his rise to the majors was delayed by the solid outfield — Roberto Kelly, Danny Tartabull, and Jesse Barfield — that the team had developed in the early 1990s.

Major league baseball
Williams managed to break into the majors in 1991 to replace the injured Roberto Kelly for the second half of that season. He batted .238 in 320 at bats. He was demoted to the minors until Danny Tartabull was injured, and Williams earned his stay at center by putting up solid numbers.

Williams had become the regular Yankees center fielder by 1993. However, Williams got off to a slow start that season, and Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner, impatient with Williams, insisted that Gene Michael, the team's general manager, trade him. Michael discussed trading Williams for Larry Walker with the Montreal Expos, but did not make the trade. In his first full season with the Yankees, Williams had a .268 batting average.

Throughout the early 1990s, Williams hit in the middle of the order as management tried to figure out where his best fit was.

1995–1998

Manager Buck Showalter helped keep Williams with the Yankees through 1995, when Steinbrenner became frustrated by the team's difficulty in placing Williams in any of the traditional baseball player molds. He had good speed, but rarely stole bases. In center, he was highly capable at tracking down fly balls and line drives, but had a weak throwing arm. He was a consistent hitter but only had mild home run power.

In 1995, Steinbrenner again considered trading Williams, this time to the San Francisco Giants for Darren Lewis. The Yankees kept Williams, who went on to have a breakout season. He hit 18 home runs and led the team in runs, hits, total bases and stolen bases. Williams continued his hot hitting into the postseason, leading the Yankees with a .429 batting average in the 1995 American League Division Series (ALDS) against the Seattle Mariners.

After continuing to improve in 1996, Williams again showcased his skills to the baseball world in the postseason. He batted .467 in the ALDS against Texas and played a sparkling center field. He picked up where he left off in the ALCS against Baltimore, belting an 11th-inning walk-off homer in Game 1. Ending with a .474 ALCS average and two homers, he was named the ALCS MVP. Williams collected just four hits in the 1996 World Series but his clutch homer in the eighth inning of Game 3 helped spark the team's comeback from a 2-0 series deficit to capture the team's first championship since 1978.

Despite his success, following the 1997 season, Williams again was the subject of trade rumors, this time involving the Detroit Tigers.  According to The New York Times sportswriter Murray Chass, Williams was nearly dealt to the Tigers for a package of young pitchers including Roberto Durán and first round draft pick Mike Drumright.  Tigers general manager Randy Smith believed a deal had been reached and an official announcement was close, but Yankees general manager Bob Watson denied that was the case, and Williams remained a Yankee. Watson also discussed Williams with the Chicago Cubs in a potential trade involving Lance Johnson.

During the 1998 season, in which the Yankees went 114–48 to set a then-American League regular-season record, Williams finished with a .339 average, becoming the first player to win a batting title, Gold Glove award, and World Series ring in the same year.

1999–2004

After the 1998 season, Williams signed a seven-year, $87.5-million contract with the Yankees, one of the largest in baseball at the time. The Boston Red Sox and Arizona Diamondbacks also bid for Williams on the free agent market. For the length of the contract, the Yankees made the playoffs every single year, and as a result Williams continued to add to his postseason statistics. He currently places in the top 5 of career postseason categories such as hits, runs scored, doubles, home runs, walks, and runs batted in, where he ranks first.

In 1999, Williams recorded 200+ hits for the first time in his career and won his third straight Gold Glove Award. He also finished third in the American League in batting average (.342), third in hits (202), fourth in on-base percentage (.435), fifth in bases on balls (100), and seventh in runs scored (116). The following year, he once again won a Gold Glove Award and set career highs with 30 home runs and 121 runs batted in.

In 2002, Williams won the only Silver Slugger Award of his career, as he hit .333 and recorded a career-high 204 base hits.

2005
The last year covered by Williams' contract, 2005, proved to be a difficult one. He started 99 games in center field and 22 games as designated hitter, but his already weak arm was highlighted as his fielding and batting abilities considerably weakened. He had a career-worst .321 OBP and batting average on balls in play (.274). As expected, the Yankees announced on August 2, 2005, that they would not pick up the $15 million option on Williams' contract for the 2006 season, opting to pay a $3.5 million buyout instead. In December Williams was offered arbitration by team general manager Brian Cashman to allow an additional month for negotiation. On December 22, the Yankees re-signed Williams to a 1-year, $1.5 million contract.

2006

In 2006, Williams saw a good amount of playing time in the corner outfield spots with both Hideki Matsui and Gary Sheffield out with wrist injuries, and did spot duty in center field on days when starting center fielder Johnny Damon was given time off to rest, playing more than was expected when he signed his one-year extension with the Yankees in 2006.

Williams played for Puerto Rico in the 2006 MLB World Baseball Classic, joining Carlos Delgado, Carlos Beltrán, Mike Lowell, Javier Vázquez, and José Vidro amongst others representing the island possession in a team managed by St. Louis Cardinals third base coach Jose Oquendo. Williams hit two home runs in the 2006 WBC.

On July 26, 2006, Williams got his 2,300th career hit, becoming the 11th active player in the Majors with 2,300 or more career hits. Williams continued to climb the Yankees record books by hitting his 443rd career double on August 16, 2006, surpassing then-bench coach Don Mattingly for second-most as a Yankee. For the year, he walked only 7.3% of the time, a career-worst.

Out of contract
Williams' contract expired at the end of the 2006 season. He had hoped to return to the Yankees in 2007 and was willing to accept a role as a back-up outfielder and pinch hitter. The Yankees offered Williams an invitation to spring training as a non-roster invitee, giving him a chance to compete for a job. Williams, however, wanted a guaranteed roster spot and declined the invitation.

On September 21, 2008, Williams made his first return to Yankee Stadium since 2006 for the ceremonies preceding the final game at the stadium. He was the last former player to be introduced and received a standing ovation that lasted a minute and 42 seconds.

2009 World Baseball Classic

After two years of inactivity, Williams returned to action in 2008, playing for the Gigantes de Carolina in the Puerto Rico Baseball League. He was interested in gauging his condition prior to possibly participating in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. MLB.com reported on December 30, 2008, that Williams had injured his quad while playing for Carolina and may not be able to play in the World Baseball Classic for Puerto Rico.

On February 19, 2009, Williams worked out with the Yankees at the team's spring training complex. Williams hinted that if he performed well in the World Baseball Classic he might consider returning to the Yankees.

In March 2009 he played for Puerto Rico in the World Baseball Classic, going 0-for-5 with two walks; after the series concluded, he expressed interest in playing in the Major Leagues again.

Retirement
Though he did not appear in a Major League Baseball game after 2006, Williams did not officially retire until 2015. At the February 2011 retirement press conference for Andy Pettitte, Williams acknowledged that his career was over and stated that he would officially announce his retirement soon thereafter. Williams officially retired on April 24, 2015, with the Yankees.

MLB statistics
Williams' major league stats:

Career perspective

As of 2021, he holds the career postseason record for runs batted in (80). He is also third all-time in postseason home runs (22) and games played (121) while being second in doubles (29), total hits (128), walks (71), total bases (223), and runs scored (83).
Standing on Yankee all-time lists as of the beginning of the 2021 season:
 3rd all-time in doubles
 5th all-time in walks
 5th all-time in hits
 6th all-time in extra-base hits
 7th all-time in home runs
 7th all-time in RBIs

Williams appeared on the Hall of Fame ballot for the first time in 2012. He received 55 votes for 9.6%. The next year, Williams received 19 votes (3.3%). Since he received votes on fewer than 5% of ballots, Williams was not eligible to appear on future ballots.

The Yankees announced in May 2014 that they would honor Williams with a plaque in Monument Park during the 2015 season. On February 16, 2015, the Yankees also announced that they would be retiring Williams' number 51. On May 24, the Yankees unveiled Williams's plaque and retired his number in a ceremony at Yankee Stadium.

Music career

A classically trained guitarist, Williams plays and composes music with influences that include jazz, classical, pop, Brazilian, and Latin sounds.

Williams signed with Paul McCartney's publishing company, MPL Communications, and his major label debut, The Journey Within, was released on June 22, 2003.
In addition to playing lead and rhythm guitar, Williams composed seven songs for the album. Tracks like "La Salsa En Mi" and "Desvelado" mix his love of jazz with Latin rhythms. The first single was a remix of his "Just Because," featuring David Benoit. Other highlights include Williams' heartfelt tribute to his father, "Para Don Berna;" a reworking of the Baden Powell song, "Samba Novo;" and "La Salsa En Mi," featuring background vocals from 2003 Grammy Award winner Rubén Blades and salsa legend Gilberto Santa Rosa. Also joining Williams was an all-star ensemble of musicians including multiple Grammy-winning banjo player Béla Fleck, keyboardist David Sancious, percussionist Luis Conte, bassist Leland Sklar, guitarist Tim Pierce, and drummers Kenny Aronoff and Shawn Pelton, among others.

Following his career with the New York Yankees, Williams studied guitar and composition for a year at the State University of New York at Purchase in preparation for his album, Moving Forward, which was released on April 14, 2009, under the Reform Records label.  The album features fourteen tracks and includes some collaborative tracks with other artists such as Bruce Springsteen, Patti Scialfa, Jon Secada, and Dave Koz. Williams was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Moving Forward.

In 2010, Williams participated in the World Rhythms Tour with Basia. On July 18, 2010, he performed at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games opening ceremony.

In July 2011, the book Rhythms of the Game: The Link Between Musical and Athletic Performance, co-authored by Williams, Dave Gluck, and Bob Thompson, with a foreword by Paul Simon, was published by Hal Leonard Publishing.

Williams was featured on the November/December 2011 cover of Making Music to discuss his life and career in music.

Williams received his Bachelor of Music  from the Manhattan School of Music on May 13, 2016.

Discography

Philanthropy
Williams' love of music shines through in his philanthropy efforts with Little Kids Rock, a national nonprofit organization that works to restore and revitalize music education in disadvantaged U.S. public schools. Little Kids Rock honored the Yankees icon with the 2010 "Big Man of the Year" award at the annual Right to Rock celebration. Williams performed onstage with students and signed some guitars to be auctioned. With the money he helped raise, Williams delivered instruments to a school in the Bronx and gave the students a lesson in music and life.

In August 2015 Williams and sports marketer Brandon Steiner made a surprise visit to Camp Adventure, where they helped revive the music program of KiDS NEED MORE, a charitable organization dedicated to creating camping experiences for children, families, and young adults coping with cancer and life-threatening illnesses. The surprise visit aired on September 15, 2015, on the YES Network on The Hook-Up: Camp Adventure.

In July 2018, Williams went to Puerto Rico to take part in a special episode of Bar Rescue on the Paramount Network to help people affected by Hurricane Maria, rebuilding a bar and baseball field.

Personal life
Williams married Waleska on February 23, 1990. They lived in Armonk, New York, and had three children: Bernie Jr., Beatriz, and Bianca. A song on Williams' 2009 release, Moving Forward, is named after Beatriz: "Lullaby for Beatriz." This song is performed by Williams with his brother, Hiram Williams, playing the cello. This song was recorded in Puerto Rico at the Alpha Recording Studios.

On June 14, 2018, Williams stated he was divorced during an interview on ESPN's Highly Questionable.

Williams appeared on an episode of the sitcom Seinfeld as himself.

Bibliography

See also

 Afro–Puerto Ricans
 List of Major League Baseball career bases on balls leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career games played as a center fielder leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a center fielder leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
 List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise
 List of Puerto Ricans
 New York Yankees award winners and league leaders

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
2006 World Baseball Classic players
2009 World Baseball Classic players
Albany-Colonie Yankees players
American League All-Stars
American League Championship Series MVPs
Columbus Clippers players
Gold Glove Award winners
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Fort Lauderdale Yankees players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball players with retired numbers
Musicians from San Juan, Puerto Rico
New York Yankees players
Norwich Navigators players
Oneonta Yankees players
People from Armonk, New York
Baseball players from Westchester County, New York
Prince William Yankees players
Puerto Rican guitarists
Puerto Rican jazz musicians
Smooth jazz guitarists
Baseball players from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Tampa Yankees players
Trenton Thunder players
Silver Slugger Award winners
20th-century American guitarists
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
Gigantes de Carolina players

Bernie Williams


El aceite de behen es un aceite de origen vegetal que se obtiene por expresión de las simientes de la especie Moringa oleifera.

Es originario de la India y se separa en dos partes, una líquida y otra sólida. Los relojeros usaban antes el aceite de behen para suavizar los roces en el movimiento de las piezas. Los perfumistas lo emplean para obtener ciertos aceites esenciales, como el de jazmín.

Referencias

Aceites vegetales

Aceite de behen


Never Say Goodbye er et uofficielt dobbelt livealbum af den danske gruppe Gangway, udgivet i Japan i 2001. Albummet er optaget 4. december 1994 på spillestedet On Air West i Shibuya, Tokyo under en turne i Japan.

Spor
Alt tekst og musik er skrevet af Henrik Balling, undtagen hvor noteret.

CD1
 "Once Bitten, Twice Shy" – 2:56
 "Violence, Easter and Christmas" – 3:18
 "Call Up" – 3:08
 "Sitting in the Park" – 3:22
 "Everything We've Ever Had" – 4:16
 "Biology" – 3:20
 "Strawberry Coat" – 3:08
 "Going Away" – 3:35
 "Believe in Me" – 3:41
 "World of Difference" (Allan Jensen) – 3:43
 "Everything Seems to Go My Way" – 4:20
 "Scream" – 3:51
 "Sisters in Legs" – 2:50
 "Yellow" (Balling, Jensen) – 3:48
 "Didn't I Make You Laugh" – 5:09
 "Never Say Goodbye" (Torben Johansen) – 4:15
 "Buck" – 3:16
 "Out on the Rebound from Love" (Balling, Jensen) – 3:24

CD2
 "Thermometer Song" – 4:43
 "Blessed by a Lesser God" – 5:17
 "The Party's Over" – 3:42
 "My Girl and Me" – 3:57
 "The Weighty Light Brigade" – 3:50
 "Endings" – 6:00
 "Mountain Song" – 4:29
 "Steady Income" – 6:01

Personel
Gangway
 Allan Jensen
 Henrik Balling
 Torben Johansen
 Cai Bojsen-Møller

Referencer

Kilder
 Iskov, Brian (2002): "That's Gangway - Danmarks uofficielle Gangway-fanside". Web.archive.org. 1998-2002. Hentet 24-10-2017.

Album fra 2001
Gangway-album

Never Say Goodbye (album)


Plaja Myrtos (în  ) se află în regiunea Pylaros, în nord-vestul insulei Kefalonia, în Marea Ionică, Grecia. Plaja Myrtos se află la baza a doi munți, Agia Dynati și Kalon Oros (901 m).

Geologie
Sedimentul preponderent de pe plaja Myrtos este în general compus din marmură, un calcar metamorfos. Plaja este formată din pietre rotunde și albe. Sedimentul devine treptat mai scăzut pe măsură ce se apropie de țărm. Deoarece unghiul de pantă are o scădere bruscă aproape de marginea coastei, energia valurilor este foarte mare și provoacă tendințe de gradație, de-a lungul plajei, de la pietre la pietricele.

Deriva litorală (transportul aluviunilor de-a lungul țărmului de către curenții apei) împreună cu energia valurilor au modelat malul. În timp ce valurile se curbează de-a lungul plajei, ele adună și cele mai bune bucăți de marmură; acest lucru creează zăcăminte sedimentare care urmează curba plajei pe direcția valurilor, dând apei o nuanță de turcoaz.

Renume
Myrtos a fost descrisă ca fiind "una dintre cele mai dramatice plaje din Grecia", cu un "arc lung de o milă și jumătate de pietricele de un alb orbitor".

A fost folosită ca locație pentru episodul exploziei miniere din filmul Idila căpitanului Corelli.

Myrtos a fost votată de 12 ori cea mai bună plajă grecească, în timp ce se prezintă în mod constant în topul celor mai bune plaje.

Călătorii și facilități
Un drum abrupt, șerpuit, în jur de 2 km lungime și cu serpentine duce la plaja din satul Divarata.

În timpul sezonului turistic foarte ridicat vară, primăria Pylaros pune la dispoziție un autobuz public spre și de la plaja Myrtos, plecând din zona portuară din Agia Efimia. Orarul poate fi găsit la biroul de informații turistice din Agia Efimia și poate fi, de asemenea, găsit online. Autobuzul oprește pe drumul care duce spre plajă, cu o scurtă plimbare pe jos. Parcarea privată este disponibilă la baza falezei. Există mai multe taverne în partea de sus a drumului care duce spre plaja din satul Divarata și un bar de plajă.

Șezlonguri și umbrele de plajă sunt disponibile pentru închiriere.

Galerie foto

Coordonate locație

Note

Legături externe
 kefaloniavisit.com: faimoasa plaja din Myrtos
 Plaja video Myrtos Beach

Geografia Greciei
Plaje
Turism în Grecia

Plaja Myrtos


مقبس وحدة المعالجة المركزية  وهو وصلة تصل وحدة المعالجة المركزية بلوحة الأم وتثبتها بها وتأمن الوصلات الكهربئية لها. ومعظم الحواسيب المكتبية المستخدمة الآن تستعمل مقابسا لوحدات المعالجة المركزية. ومعظم هذه المقابس تستخدم شكل شبكة إبر مصفوفة (Pin grid array PGA) حيث أن وحدة المعالجة المركزية تحتوي في أسفلها مصفوفة من الإبر التي تدخل إلى ثقوب موجودة داخل المقبس من دون الحاجة إلى قوة لإدخالها لكي لا تُتنى الإبر. ثمى يتم مسك الدبابيس كي لاتفلت الوحدة.

ومنذ عام 2007 إزداد استخدام مقابس شبكة سطوح مصفوفة (Land grid array LGA) ويزداد أنواع المقابس التي تستخدم هذا الشكل. وهي تقنية أزالت الإبر عن وحدة المعالجة المركزية ووضعة مكان كل إبرة سطح معدني ولذلك سمي سطوح وأصبحة الإبر موجودة على المقبس نفسه، ويتم التواص بضغط كل سطح على الإبرة المقابلة لها في المقبس.

وفي نهايت التسعينات استخدمت بعض الوحدات نظام الشقوق مثل ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي, حيث أن وحدة المعالجة تثبت على لوحة إلكترونية مطبوعة متطاولة ويتم إدخالها إلى شق مثل ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي وبطاقات التوسيع. ومن أهم حسناتها أنه كان بالإمكن تغير حجم ذاكرة الكاتش (Cache) وكانت طريقة نزع وتركيب الوحدة أسهل. ولكنها تستخدم وصلات إلكترونية أطول على لوحة الأم بينها وبين مجموعة الشرائح مما أدى إلى تلاشي هذا الشكل بعد ارتفاع سرعة وحدالت المعالجة المركزية أكثر من 500 هرتز.

التقنيات المستخدمة في المقابس
إن المقابس تستخدم العديد من التقنيات عبر التاريخ لوَصل وحدات المعالجة المركزية بلوحة الأم وبعض هذه التقنيات ليست مستخدمة حاليأ. ومن أبرز هذه التقنيات:

 دي أي بي (Dual in-line package)
 بي أل سي دي (Plastic leaded chip carrier)
 شبكة كرات مصفوفة صغيرة برقاقة مقلوبة (Micro-Flip Chip Ball Grid Array)
 شبكة إبر مصفوفة (Pin grid array)
 شبكة سطوح مصفوفة (Land grid array)
 شبكة كرات مصفوفة (Ball grid array)
 شبكة إبر مصفوفة متداخلة (Staggered Pin Grid Array)
 شبكة إبر مصفوفة بالخزف (Ceramic Pin Grid Array)
 شبكة إبر مصفوفة بالبلستك العضوي (Organic Pin Grid Array)
 شبكة إبر مصفوفة برقاقة مقلوبة (Flip-chip pin grid array)
 قوة إدخال معدومة (Zero insertion force)

لائحة المقابس
هناك العديد من المقابس بأسماء تحتوي على أرقام، وهذه الأرقام تشير إلى عدد الدبابيس الموجودة على وحدة المعالجة المركزية أو المقبس التي تستخدمه.

الأولى المقابس

 مقبس 1 (Socket 1) لوحدت إنتل من نوع 80486
 مقبس 2 (Socket 2) لوحدت إنتل من نوع 80486
 مقبس 3 (Socket 3) لوحدت إنتل من نوع 80486
 مقبس 4 (Socket 4) لوحدت إنتل من نوع بنتيوم
 مقبس 5 (Socket 5) لوحدت إنتل من نوع بنتيوم
 مقبس 6 (Socket 6) لوحدت إنتل من نوع 80486
 مقبس 7 (Socket 7) لوحدت إنتل من نوع بنتيوم

شركة إي أم دي

الحواسيب المكتبية

 مقبس 7 الممتاز (Super Socket 7)
 شق إي (Slot A)
 مقبس إي (Socket A)
 مقبس 754 (Socket 754)
 مقبس 939 (Socket 939)
 مقبس إي أم 2 (Socket AM2)
 مقبس إي أم 2+ (+Socket AM2)
 مقبس إي أم 3 (Socket AM3)
 مقبس اف ام 1 (Socket FM1)
 مقبس إي أم 3+ (+Socket AM3)
 مقبس اف ام 2 (Socket FM2)

الحواسيب المحمولة

 مقبس 563 (Socket 563)
 مقبس 754 (Socket 754)
 مقبس أس 1 (Socket S1)
 مقبس أف أس 1 (Socket FS1)

الخوادم
 مقبس 940 (Socket 940)
 مقبس إي (Socket A)
 مقبس أف (Socket F)
 مقبس أف+ (+Socket F)
 مقبس جي 3 (Socket G3)
 مقبس جي 34 (Socket G34)

شركة إنتل

الحواسيب المكتبية

 شق 1 (Slot 1)
 مقبس 370 (Socket 370)
 مقبس 423 (Socket 423)
 مقبس 478 (Socket 478)
 مقبس أن (Socket N)
 مقبس بي (Socket B)
 مقبس تي (Socket T)
 مقبس ايتش (Socket H)
 مقبس ايتش2 (Socket H2)
 مقبس ايتش3 (Socket H3)

الحواسيب المحمولة

 مقبس 441 (Socket 441)
 مقبس 479 (Socket 479)
 مقبس 495 (Socket 495)
 مقبس أم (Socket M)
 مقبس پي (Socket P)
 مقبس 441 (Socket 441)
 مقبس جي1 (Socket G1)
 مقبس جي2 (Socket G2)
 مقبس جي3 (Socket G3)

الخوادم

 مقبس 8 (Socket 8)
 شق 2 (Slot 2)
 مقبس 603 (Socket 603)
 مقبس 604 (Socket 604)
 بي إي سي 418 (PAC418)
 بي إي سي 611 (PAC611)
 مقبس دجي (Socket J)
 مقبس بي (Socket B)
 مقبس إل جي إي1248 (LGA 1248)
 مقبس إل جي إي1567 (LGA 1567)
 مقبس أر (Socket R)

مقابس أخرى

 مقبس 463 (Socket 463) من شركة نكس جن (NexGen)
 مقبس 499 (Socket 499) من شركة ديجيتال إكوبمنت كوربوريشون (Digital Equipment Corporation)
 شق بي (Slot B) من شركة ديجيتال إكوبمنت كوربوريشون
 سلوت كتس (Slotkets) وهو يحول من مقبس 8 إلى شق 1

انظر أيضًا
 قائمة معالجات إنتل
 قائمة معالجات إي إم دي

مراجع

مقابس وحدة المعالجة المركزية

مقبس وحدة المعالجة المركزية


Chimia medicală și chimia farmaceutică sunt discipline științifice care se află la intersecția dintre chimie (în special chimia organică de sinteză) și farmacologie și alte științe de specialitate din domeniul biologic.

Compușii chimici utilizați ca și substanțe medicamentoase sunt de obicei compuși organici, și pot fi împărțiți în două clase: molecule organice mici (atorvastatină, fluticazonă, clopidogrel) și produse biofarmaceutice (infliximab, eritropoietină, insulină). De asemenea, și compușii anorganici și organometalici sunt folositori ca medicamente (agenți pe bază de litiu sau platină, precum carbonatul de litiu și cisplatinul).

Descoperirea medicamentelor

Vezi și
 Farmacocinetică
 Farmacognozie
 Farmacologie

Referințe

Legături externe
 Chimie Farmaceutica - Ioana Mateiu

Chimie farmaceutică


An Malaxis robinsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni James Boughtwood Comber. An Malaxis robinsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Malaxis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Malaxis

Malaxis robinsonii


عصمت إلشي İsmet Elçi (ولد في 2 مارس 1964 في آلتينوفا في تركيا) هو كاتب ومخرج تركي ألماني.

ينحدر عصمت إلشي من عائلة كردية. قدم في عام 1979 مع والده إلى ألمانيا لأسباب سياسية. وكان يعمل في مصنع للنسيج وفي المساء كان يتعلم الألمانية في مدرسة مسائية. وكان يمثل بجانب ذلك في أدوار مسرحية وسينمائية. أخرج في عام 1986 فيلمه القصير الأول ثم فيلم كيسمت Kismet, Kismet ثم أفلام أخرى. أما فيلمه زينان بلا أرض Sinan ohne Land عام 1989 الذي أنتجه التلفزيون الألماني الثاني فقد منح جائزة Civis-Medienpreis. ويعمل عصمت إلشي أيضا في مجال تصوير الأغاني المصورة المعرفة بالفيديوكليب وكذلك في مجال تصوير الإعلانات التجارية. وبجانب أعماله السينمائية والتلفزيونية فقد كتب العديد من الأعمال القصصية حول حالة المهاجرين الأتراك في ألمانيا، وقد أخرج بنفسه بعض هذه القصص (ومنها جميلة أو خرافة الأمل Cemile oder das Märchen von der Hoffnung) . وقد منح الجائزة التشجيعية من جائزة أدالبرت فون كاميسو في عام 1993 عن نشاطه الأدبي.

من أعماله

 زينان بلا أرض 1988
 قانون الصمت 1990
 جميلة أو خرافة الامل 1991
 أطفال زرادشت الجرحى 1997
 الكرسي المتحرك الوردي اللون 2007 Der rosarote Fahrstuhl

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
كتاب وكاتبات أتراك
كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1383 هـ
مواليد 1964

عصمت إلشي


බොහෝ ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකවල (පාර්ලිමේන්තු ඇතුලත්ව)  ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක  මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩල  (හෝ ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකයක සභා) ලෙස  විමර්ශනාත්මක මන්ත්‍රණ සභාවන් දෙකකින් සමන්විතවේ. මෙයින් එකක් තේරී පත්වන පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් වන අතර අනෙක පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයට වෙනස් යාන්ත්‍රණයක් තුලින් පත් කරනු ලබන හෝ තේරී පත් වන හෝ උත්තර මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් හෙවත්  සෙනෙට් මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් යනුවෙනි. මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩල දෙකකින් සමන්විත මෙවන් මාදිළියක් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ද්වි මණ්ඩල ලෙසිනි. එක් මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් පමණක් වෙතින් සමන්විත ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකයන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඒක මණ්ඩල ලෙසිනි.

සැම විටම පාහේ, නීති සම්පාදන වල උත්පාදකයා වන්නේ පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය වන අතර,  පනත් කෙටුම්පත් වෙත "දෙවන දෘෂ්ටියක්" හෙලමින්, එය වෙත නිෂේධ බලය භාවිතා කරන්නේද නැතහොත් අනුමත කරන්නේද යන බව තීරණය කරන්නේ උත්තර මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් විසිනි. එක්සත් රාජධානියේ තුමන මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය තුලින් හෝ  නීති සම්පාදන උත්පාදනය විය හැකි අතර, මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩල දෙක පුන පුනා අසම්මතික වුවහොත්, පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය විසින් අත්‍යන්තයෙහි තීරණය ගත හැක. බොහෝ රටවල, ජනතාවගේ නියෝජිතයන්ගෙන් බෙහෙවින් සමන්විත වන බවක් සැලකෙන පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය,  මූල්‍යය සහ බදුකරණය පිළිබඳ කටයුතු වලදී පූර්ණ හෝ අතිප්‍රමුඛ හෝ සංයම බලය සහිත වෙයි.

ජනගහණය මිලියන 3 ඉක්මවන රටවල පාර්ලිමේන්තුවක පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් , සාමාන්‍යයෙන් අවම වශයෙන්  මන්ත්‍රීවරුන් 100 කින් හෝ සමන්විත වෙයි. විශාල රටවල හෝ,  ආසන සංඛ්‍යාව 400 ඉක්මවන්නේ ඉතා කලාතුරකිනි. කෙසේවෙතත් එක්සත් රාජධානියෙහි, පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි (මහජන මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි) මන්ත්‍රීවරු 650 සිටිති. සාම්ප්‍රදායික වශයෙන්, උත්තර මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි, ආසන  20, 50, හෝ 100 අතර සංඛ්‍යාවක් තිබිය හැකි අතර, වැදගත් වන්නේ එම සංඛ්‍යාව පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි සංඛ්‍යාවට වඩා අඩු වීමයි. කෙසේවෙතත් එක්සත් රාජධානියෙහි, උත්තර මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි ( සාමි මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි) වර්තමාන මන්ත්‍රී සංඛ්‍යාව, පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයෙහි මන්ත්‍රී සංඛ්‍යාවට වඩා මදක් වැඩි වන අතර, එක් කලකදී ( උරුමගත සාමිවරුන් බොහොමයක් බැහැර කිරීමට පෙර) සෑහෙන පමණකින් වැඩි විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක
ඡන්ද විමසීම්

ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකයක මණ්ඩල


පොදු වශයෙන්  සංස්කෘතික විප්ලවය ලෙසින් හැඳින්වෙන,  මහා  නිර්ධන පංති සංස්කෘතික විප්ලවය යනු, 1966 සිට 1976 දක්වා, චීන මහජන සමූහාණ්ඩුවෙහි සිදුවූ සමාජ-දේශපාලන ව්‍යාපාරයකි.

සංස්කෘතික විප්ලවය


Armata de la Dunăre (Armée du Danube, AD) este o unitate a Armatei Franceze, care a luptat în timpul Primului Război Mondial pe Frontul de Est între 1918 și 1919. După armistițiu, unitățile Armatei Franceze din Orient, comandate de generalul Franchet d'Esperey au fost împărțite în trei grupuri, compuse din divizii cu efective reduse, care au efectuat acțiuni militare între sfârșitul anului 1918 și începutul anului 1920, în Ungaria, în Rusia și în Turcia.

Înființare și denumiri diferite
 11 august 1916: începând din 11 august 1916, forțele franceze din l'armée d'Orient (AO) au constituit Armata Franceză din Orient (AFO). AFO se afla sub ordinele comandamentului Armatei Aliate din Orient (CAA).
 1919: AFO devine Armata din Ungaria pe 1 martie 1919, până la 31 august 1919, data dizolvării sale, după care Armata de la Dunăre primește, la 10 septembrie 1919, numele de Armata Franceză din Orient (a doua formare a AFO). După armistițiu, unitățile Armatei din Orient, comandate de Franchet d'Esperey, au fost dispuse în trei grupuri, compuse din divizii cu efective reduse, care au avut misiuni între sfârșitul anului 1918 și începutul anului 1920, în Ungaria, în Rusia și în Turcia:
 Armata de la Dunăre (AD): forțele de dreapta ale Armatei Franceze din Orient, staționate pe Dunăre la 11 noiembrie 1918 și comandate de generalul Berthelot, au primit denumirea de "Armata de la Dunăre".
 Armata din Ungaria (AH): forțele staționate în partea de sud a Ungariei, sub comanda generalului Paul de Lobit, au primit denumirea de "Armata din Ungaria" pe 14 martie 1919.
 corpul de ocupație din Turcia, apoi corpul expediționar de ocupație al Constantinopolului (COC)
 1920, postul lui Franchet d'Esperey a fost desființat în mod oficial, la cererea acestuia, și Armata din Orient a fost redusă doar la COC.

Acronime:
 CEO: corps expéditionnaire d'Orient
 CED: corps expéditionnaire des Dardanelles
 AO: armée d'Orient (toate armatele franceze din Orient)
 AFO: armée française d'Orient
 CAA: commandement des armées alliées en Orient
 AAO: armées alliées en Orien
 AH: armée de Hongrie
 AD: armée du Danube
 COC: corps expéditionnaire d'occupation de Constantinople

Comandanți
 28 octombrie 1918: generalul Berthelot
 șef de stat major: locotenent-colonelul Caput
 5 mai 1919: generalul Jean César Graziani
 șef de stat major: colonelul Bauby

Istoria garnizoanelor, campaniilor și bătăliilor

1918
 Sfârșitul lunii octombrie: concentrare la Rusciuc, Plevna, Tărnovo.
 30 octombrie: Armistițiul cu Turcia
 4 noiembrie: Armistițiul cu Austro-Ungaria
 10 noiembrie: Lupte la Giergevo, Șistov și Nicopole; trecerea Dunării și înaintarea către București.
 11 noiembrie: Armistițiul cu Germania; întoarcerea pe frontul Riou-Șistov.
 Sfârșitul lunii decembrie: deplasare în sudul Rusiei a unor trupe franceze și aliate sub comanda generalului d'Anselme.

1919
 aprilie: Evacuarea Odesei și Sevastopolului; regrupare și ocupare a unui sector pe Nistru.
 10 septembrie: Armata de la Dunăre devine Armata Franceză din Orient (AFO)

Componența Armatei de la Dunăre (AD)
 Infanterie
 Grupul generalului d'Anselme
 Divizia 16 infanterie colonială
 Divizia din Arhipelag al Armatei Grecești
 Divizia 30 infanterie
 Divizia 76 infanterie
 Divizia 156 infanterie (decembrie 1918)
 O divizie britanică (până la 15 decembrie 1918)
 Unități române
 Cavalerie
 1 regiment de spahii marocani
 O divizie de cavalerie poloneză
 Artilerie:
 Două grupuri de 155 C Schneider
 Aviație:
 Trei escadrile de vânătoare

Comandamentul Armatei Aliate din Orient (CAA)
 17 iunie 1918: generalul Franchet d'Espèrey

Bibliografie
 Général Bernachot, Les Armées françaises en Orient après l'armistice de 1918, Imprimerie nationale, 1970, 3 volumes :
 1.L'Armée française d'Orient, l'Armée de Hongrie (11 novembre 1918 - 10 septembre 1919).
 2.L'Armée du Danube, l'Armée française d'Orient (28 octobre 1918 - 25 janvier 1920).
 3.Le corps d'occupation de Constantinople (6 novembre 1920 - 2 octobre 1923).

Note

Unități militare din Franța

Armata de la Dunăre


Die Brauerei Sankt Marx war eine Bierbrauerei im 3. Wiener Gemeindebezirk Landstraße. Die im Eigentum der Unternehmer-Familie Mautner von Markhof stehende Brauerei wurde später mit der Anton Drehers Brauereien Aktiengesellschaft unter Anton Dreher junior fusioniert. Vor der Fusion war die Brauerei die drittgrößte auf dem europäischen Festland.

Geschichte
Wann diese Brauerei in Sankt Marx gegründet wurde, ist nicht bekannt. 1394 ist im Bereich des Bürgerspitals zu St. Marks eine Brauerei nachweisbar, da sie in einer Urkunde von Herzog Albrecht III. vom Umgeld befreit war. Kaiser Ferdinand I. gewährte 1543 der Taverne im Siechenhaus das Privileg Wein und Pier Unngelt und Aller Beschwörung Frey auszuschenken.
1706 wurde das 1683 von den Türken zerstörte Bürgerspital mit der dem heiligen Markus ("Marx") Gewichten Kirchlein und die zugehörige Brauerei wieder aufgebaut. Das Bürgerspital betrieb die Brauerei danach nur einige Jahre selbst, dann wurde der Braubetrieb verpachtet. Der erste Pächter war 1733 Matthias Erhardt, danach folgte Dominicas Potschacher (1761–1764).
Nach zahlreichen Wechseln war Adolf Ignaz Mautner ab 1839 der erste Pächter, der den Betrieb mit Erfolg führte und ab 1843 auch während der Sommermonate untergäriges Abzugbier produzierte. So konnte die Produktion von rund 36.000 Hektolitern im Jahre 1840 bis 1875 versiebenfacht werden. Dafür wurden zahlreiche Zubauten errichtet, unter anderem ein Maschinenhaus mit einer Dampfmaschine der Wiener Maschinenfabrik Schrecker zum Wasserschöpfen und Malzputzen.
Am 1. Oktober 1857 verkaufte das Bürgerspital
 das Brauhaus mit der Braugerechtigkeit,
 das Wirtshaus mit der Schankgerechtigkeit,
 das Backhaus mit der Backgerechtigkeit und
 die Schmiede, das Versorgungshaus, die Gärten und Äcker
dem bisherigen Pächter.
Nach dem Ankauf wurde das Areal des ehemaligen Bürgerspitals komplett umgestaltet: anstelle des Spitalsgarten baute man Pferdestallungen, Zimmermanns- und Tischlerwerkstätten, das Schmiedehaus wurde abgerissen und die Dachböden dienten fortan als Malztennen und Malzdörren.
Da sich Mautner während der Revolution 1848 sehr kaisertreu verhalten hatte (Revolutionäre waren von ihm und seiner Belegschaft an der St. Marxer-Linie zerstreut worden), erwarb er sich die Anerkennung des jungen Kaisers Franz Joseph I., der die Brauerei bereits in seinem zweiten Regierungsjahr besichtigte und dem Eigentümer für seine Verdienste und Bemühungen die "Kaiserliche Anerkennung in den gnädigsten Worten" ausdrückte. Ein weiterer Höhepunkt war die Teilnahme an der Wiener Weltausstellung 1873 mit einem eigenen Pavillon.
Nach Hereinnahme seines Sohnes Carl Ferdinand (1834–1896) als "Associé" firmierte die Brauerei Sankt Marx auch als Adolf Ignaz Mautner & Sohn, zumal an einem neuen Betriebsstandort in Simmering auch erfolgreich industriell Presshefe erzeugt wurde. Das gegenüber Drehers Lagerbier wesentlich preisgünstigere St. Marxer-Abzugbier erlangte in Wien einen Marktanteil von 75 Prozent und wurde nach Deutschland, Italien, Schweiz, Rumänien und die Türkei exportiert.

Bei einem Mitarbeiterstand von 60 Beamten und 1000 Arbeitern war der Jahresausstoß der Brauerei auf 540690 Hektoliter Bier gestiegen. Dies gelang vor allem durch das Engagement aller Beteiligten, die durch eigene Sozialeinrichtungen (Kinderspital, Kantine, Bäder, Arbeiterwohnungen mit Beleuchtung, Beheizung und Wäsche zu niedrigen Kosten), weitgehendem Kündigungsschutz, Lohnsteigerung nach Anzahl der Dienstjahre und  Erfolgsprämien zur Identifikation mit dem Betrieb und der Braufamilie motiviert wurden. Zwar war die dem Wiener Zentralviehmarkt und dem Schlachthof Sankt Marx benachbarte Brauerei Sankt Marx der Brauerei Schwechat ein starker Konkurrent, trotzdem willigte Victor Mautner Ritter von Markhof 1913 der Fusion mit der Anton Drehers Brauereien Aktiengesellschaft und der Simmeringer Brauerei der Familie Meichl zu. Die drei Brauereien firmierten fortan als Vereinigte Brauereien Schwechat, St. Marx, Simmering – Dreher, Mautner, Meichl A.–G. Der  Braubetrieb in St. Marx wurde kriegsbedingt 1916 eingestellt und das Areal nur mehr zu Wohnzwecken genutzt.

Produkte

In der Brauerei Sankt Marx wurden Biere mit dem Namen Alt-Wiener Malz-Bier, Alt-Wiener Lager-Bier, Böhmisches Lager-Bier, St. Marxer-Märzen Bier, Bayrisches Lager-Bier und Abzugbier gebraut.

Literatur
 Josef Promintzer: Dreihundert Jahre Brauhaus Schwechat – Vergangenheit und Gegenwart der größten Brauerei Österreichs, dargestellt zu ihrem dreihundertjährigen Jubiläum, im Selbstverlage der Vereinigten Brauereien A.G., Wien 1932
 Christian M. Springer, Alfred Paleczny, Wolfgang Ladenbauer: Wiener Bier-Geschichte, Wien 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-20437-4, S. 40–55

Einzelnachweise

Landstraße (Wien)
Sankt Marx
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Wien)
Mautner Markhof

Brauerei Sankt Marx


Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 – December 26, 1973) was an American religious leader and educator who served as the 11th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death in December 1973.

Early life
Lee was born in Clifton, Idaho, to Samuel Lee and Louisa Emeline Bingham and was the second of six children. The Lee family lived the rural life and Lee and his siblings spent most of their youth doing farm chores. During his childhood, his mother saved him from death several times. When he was eight, he was sent to get a can of lye from the shelf and spilled the deadly product all over himself. His mother opened a vat of pickled beets and poured cup after cup of the red vinegar all over him, which neutralized the lye. When Harold was a teen, he punctured an artery on a broken bottle. His mother cleaned it, but it became badly infected. She burned a black stocking to ashes and rubbed it in the open wound and it soon healed.

Lee was fortunate to receive a good education. He finished eighth grade at a grammar school in Clifton and his parents allowed him to continue his education at Oneida Stake Academy in Preston, Idaho. The first few years, Lee focused on music and played the alto, French, and baritone horns. Later, he played basketball and was a reporter for the school newspaper. He graduated in the spring of 1916.

The summer following his graduation Lee worked to receive his teaching certificate from Albion State Normal School at Albion, Idaho. After two summers of study in 1916 and 1917, Lee passed the state's fifteen-subject test to receive his second- and third-class certificates. Lee held his first teaching position in the fall of 1916. He taught a class of 25 students, grades one to eight, in Weston, Idaho. His salary was $60 a month. When he was eighteen, he became principal of a school in Oxford, Idaho. In September 1920, then church president Heber J. Grant called Lee on a mission to the western states, with headquarters in Denver, Colorado. He was twenty-one and served until December 1922.

Marriages
While on his mission, Lee met a sister missionary from Utah, Fern Lucinda Tanner. They renewed their acquaintance when they returned from their missions and were married on November 14, 1923, in the Salt Lake Temple. Fern died in 1962 and on June 17, 1963, Lee married Freda Joan Jensen, a former mission companion's girlfriend who had remained unmarried. She died on July 1, 1981.

Civic and community leadership
In 1932, at the age of thirty-three, Lee became a community leader when he was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Salt Lake City Commission. He was assigned to direct the Department of Streets and Public Improvements. A year later his political career was launched when he was elected to the same position.

Service in the LDS Church

In 1930, Lee was called as president of the LDS Church's Pioneer Stake in Salt Lake City. At the time of his setting apart, he was the youngest stake president then serving in the church.

As the 1929 Great Depression in the United States had left more than half of the stakes' members without jobs, Lee established a stake welfare program to aid members in distress. In 1932, the stake organized a Bishop's Storehouse to provide members with basic food necessities. In 1936, Lee became managing director of the Church Welfare Program, overseeing the implementation of a churchwide welfare program based on the Pioneer Stake's. This program—including Bishop's Storehouses—remains in place to this day.

Although he also pursued a political career, he began full-time church service when he was called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1941.

Lee served on a committee to streamline church organization and functions. For two decades Lee studied the subject and prepared proposals.  Lee was the chairman of the Priesthood Correlation Committee under LDS Church president David O. McKay. The committee restructured church organization in the 1960s, including labeling the children's and women's organizations as auxiliary to the priesthood organization.

According to some historians, Hugh B. Brown petitioned McKay to rescind the policy of excluding people of African ancestry from the priesthood. However, McKay had not felt spiritual impressions that the time was right to do so. Historians observe that Brown continued to seek to reverse the ban "administratively", but Lee was among those who noted that it was a matter of God making his will known through revelation. In December 1969, Lee initiated a release to church leaders, signed by Brown and N. Eldon Tanner, both serving as counselors in the First Presidency. This release regarded the Church's support for equal opportunities and civil rights, but also indicated that priesthood policy would not change until God revealed it through revelation.

When McKay died in 1970, Joseph Fielding Smith became church president and Lee was called as First Counselor in the First Presidency. He continued to gain practical experience for what was expected to be a long presidency of his own, given the fact that he was twenty-four years younger than Smith.  In 1972, Smith died and Lee became Church president.  Later that year, Lee organized the Church's Jerusalem Branch and presided over the church's second Area Conference, held in Mexico; and four months prior to his death, presided over the first Area Conference for Germany, Austria, Holland, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, and Spain, held in Munich on August 24–26, 1973.

Death
Lee's presidency proved one of the briefest in the history of the church, lasting from July 7, 1972, to Lee's sudden death due to a fatal pulmonary hemorrhage on December 26, 1973, at age 74. Lee was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

Legacy

After his death, a statue of Lee was dedicated at his birthplace. Brigham Young University also honored the former church president by renaming its library after him. The  Harold B. Lee Library is one of the largest libraries in the western United States and contains  of shelving.

Lee's teachings as an apostle were the 2002 course of study in the LDS Church's Sunday Relief Society and Melchizedek priesthood classes.

Works

  LDS Church publication number 35892.

See also

References

Works cited

External links

Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Harold B. Lee

1899 births
1973 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
American general authorities (LDS Church)
Apostles (LDS Church)
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
Counselors in the First Presidency (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saints from Idaho
Latter Day Saints from Utah
People from Franklin County, Idaho
Presidents of the Church (LDS Church)
Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)
Religious leaders from Idaho

Harold B. Lee