Grandstand was the former flagship sports programme of the British Broadcasting Corporation which was broadcast on Saturday afternoons on BBC1 between 1958 and 2007, and from 1981 on Sunday afternoons as Sunday Grandstand on BBC2, although until 1998 the Sunday edition aired only during the summer.

The last editions of Grandstand and Sunday Grandstand were broadcast over the weekend of 27–28 January 2007.

History
During the 1950s, sports coverage on television in the United Kingdom gradually expanded. The BBC regularly broadcast sports programmes with an outside studio team, occasionally from two or three separate locations. Production assistant Bryan Cowgill put forward a proposal for a programme lasting three hours; one hour dedicated to major events and two hours showing minor events. Outside Broadcast members held a meeting in April 1958, and Cowgill further detailed his plans taking timing and newer technical facilities into consideration. During the development of the programme, problems arose over the proposed schedule which would result in the programme ending at 4:45pm to allow children's programmes to go out. Paul Fox insisted that the service was broadcast until 5:00pm to ensure a proper results service.

Three weeks before the debut of the programme, sports broadcaster Peter Dimmock favoured naming the show Out and About! with Fox persuading Dimmock to agree on a new name, which was Grandstand. Grandstand launched on 11 October 1958 from Lime Grove Studios with Dimmock as the presenter. Dimmock presented the first two editions and three weeks later, he was replaced by sports commentator David Coleman. In the autumn of 1959, Grandstand was extended by an extra 15 minutes and would finish at 5:00pm every Saturday. According to Richard Haynes in BBC Sport in Black and White, the 1960s saw the Grandstand name "become synonymous with the BBC's coverage of sport" and it "became a trusted vehicle for British viewers to access a variety of sports."

The show was one of the most recognisable on British television, dominating Saturday afternoons on the BBC's main channel and covering nearly every major sporting event in Britain such as the FA Cup Final, Wimbledon, the Grand National and the University Boat Race, as well as major international events like the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games, the Commonwealth Games and the FIFA World Cup (from 1998 FIFA World Cup coverage would switch from Grandstand to Match of the Day branding).

From the programme's launch until the lifting of restrictions on broadcasting hours by the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in 1972, sports coverage was one of the few programming areas which was exempt from the broadcasting hours restrictions. Instead, sporting coverage and outside broadcasts were provided with a separate quota of broadcasting hours per year by the Postmaster General. By the mid 1960s this amounted to 350 hours per year. This meant Grandstand was a key part of the BBC's Saturday afternoon schedules, as the time the programme was on the air did not count towards the 50-hour a week restriction on normal broadcasting hours.

Beginning in the early 1980s, a lunchtime news summary provided by BBC News was included in the broadcast, functioning as a programme break between Football Focus and the start of that week's live events.

Football Focus

The first item of the programme which began in the early afternoon during the football season was the football magazine show "Football Focus". It began for several years up to 1974, on as a slot called "Football Preview", previewing the day's matches within Division One and later on the Premier League and also the FA Cup and international weekends and featured interviews with players and also the managers and in 1974 it was evolved into Football Focus which continued to be part of Grandstand until 2001 when it then was made into a tv programme in its own right.

Around the Grounds
Between the main live sporting events being shown on the day in the mid afternoon a brief segment was shown where the programme went around the football grounds just prior to the 3pm kick-offs with the on site commentators announcing the team line ups and pre match news. This was done in the format of "Final Score".

Final Score

In the late afternoon during the football season, with many Football League and Scottish Football League matches approaching full-time, the programme would draw to a close with Final Score. This covered not only the results from all the matches, but also gave the results of the football pools. Perhaps the segment's most famous feature is the vidiprinter, a digital device which printed out the results as they came through, with the characters in each result appearing one by one. When all the football results were in it would be then be time for the "Classified Football Results" when all the scores would be read out line by line on screen. Only two people regularly read out the classified results on Final Score when it was part of Grandstand: the Australian Len Martin (from the first programme until his death in 1995) and Tim Gudgin (from 1995 until Final Score was separated from Grandstand in 2001 – he continued to read the classified results until 2011). Whilst football was the primary focus of Final Score, news and results from other sports, such as rugby union, and until 1987, racing results, were also included.

A shorter version was aired during the summer during the football close season, and stand-alone editions of Final Score were broadcast on Boxing Day, New Year's Day and Easter Monday when there was a full programme of football fixtures and when Grandstand was not being shown.

Winter phase TV schedule format
In the winter format the main live sporting events on the programme were centred around the afternoon's 3pm football matches with "Football Focus" opening the programme and "Final Score" which closed the programme. Live coverage was mostly racing during the early part of the programme and rugby (both codes), kicking off at either 2.30 or 3pm which was timed and centred into the programme to avoid any clash with the final football results which would come in after 4.40pm with the minor pre-recorded sporting items mostly proceeding the main event in the early afternoon. An example of this format is seen from the schedule below dated Saturday 31st October 1992 with the main event of the day in bold:

12:15 Grandstand Opening
12:20 Football Focus
12:50 BBC News
12:55 Racing
13:10 Motor Sport
13:25 Racing
13:40 Motor Sport
13:55 Racing
14:10 Boxing
14:30 Rugby Union: Ireland v Australia
16:20 Motor Sport
16:40-17:05: Final Score

Summer phase TV schedule format
The summer phase format was used outside of the football season, it was less formal than the winter format and the programme centred more on the live events in which it was covering and sometimes the programme would begin earlier than its normal regular slot, at just before 11am so that the programme could show live cricket from the start of the day's play. Here is an example of a typical show from 12 June 1993, with the main event of the day in bold.

12:15 Grandstand Opening
12:35 Motorsport
13:00 BBC News
13:05 Tennis: Queens
15:00 Athletics
16:00 Swimming/Athletics/Tennis
17:15 Close

Sunday Grandstand
A Sunday edition, named Sunday Grandstand, launched in 1981 and was broadcast on BBC2 (though a few pilot editions were shown on BBC1 in 1978, 1979 and 1980). Until 1998, the Sunday edition was usually only broadcast during the summer months, although there were exceptions, such as a special edition in January 1995 to cover the second Regal Trophy semi-final (Wigan v Castleford).

From February 1998 Sunday Grandstand became a year-round programme, incorporating the Ski Sunday and Rugby Special programmes.

Competition from ITV
Between 1965 and 1985, Grandstand faced competition from ITV's World of Sport, but by the end of the 1980s ITV had stopped broadcasting Saturday afternoon sport in favour of other programmes.

Later years and demise
From the 1990's onwards the programme's scope of sporting coverage began to diminish as the BBC began to lose major broadcasting sports rights including live Formula One which went to ITV, the FA Cup, England's home cricket test matches, Sunday League cricket, the NatWest Trophy and the Ryder Cup particularly to the then emerging Sky Sports and even lost some rights to Channel 4. Grandstand was not shown on 20 May 2000 as no major sporting events broadcast by the BBC were taking place. In 2001 the Corporation lost the rights to show weekly highlights of the Premier League although it did regain the rights to show live FA Cup and England football internationals.

In October 2001, the head of BBC Sports and Programming Pat Younge announced plans to revamp Grandstand by placing emphasis on broadcasting one particular sport rather than alternating between several sports.

In its final few years, the show was rarely presented from a studio and as such there was no longer a main presenter. The show tended to be broadcast from wherever the main event of the day was taking place. The host would be associated with that feature; for example, Hazel Irvine would host snooker, Sue Barker for tennis, Clare Balding for racing or rugby league, and John Inverdale for rugby union.

Football Focus and Final Score part company
In August 2001, the Football Focus section, having been the first feature on Grandstand since 1974, became a separate programme in its own right. This meant that Grandstand'''s start time was now 13:00 rather than 12:15.

At the same time, Final Score also become a programme in its own right, running from 16:30, meaning that Grandstand only broadcast between 13:00 and 16:30. "Around the Grounds" and the half time sequence did remain within the Grandstand programme. In 2004, following the success of Sky Sports' Soccer Saturday programme featuring reports from the afternoon's football matches, the BBC introduced its own football scores programme called Score. It ran for the full duration of the afternoon's football matches, beginning at 14:30, and was available as an add-on service on the Red Button until 16:30 when BBC One joined the programme and at that point Score would become Final Score.

2006 announcement
On 24 April 2006, the BBC announced that Grandstand would be gradually phased out after nearly fifty years, due to the increasing use of interactive services and the need to meet the challenges of the digital, on-demand world. This had been hinted at by the dropping of the "Grandstand" title from the BBC's coverage of the major international sporting events, like that year's Winter Olympics and Commonwealth Games.

It was originally intended that the show would end in 2009, but this was brought forward to 28 January 2007.

After Grandstand ended
The last Saturday edition of Grandstand was broadcast on 27 January 2007, and the final edition was broadcast the following day, 28 January 2007, with a short tribute to the history of the show forming its final feature. Sport still features prominently on the BBC's schedules on Saturday afternoon as well as on BBC Red Button and iPlayer; Final Score is still shown at the end of the football matches played on Saturday afternoon.

Presenters
Hosts included Peter Dimmock, David Coleman, Frank Bough, Des Lynam, Steve Rider, Ronald Allison, Clare Balding, Sue Barker, Barry Davies, Dougie Donnelly, Harry Carpenter, Harry Gration, Tony Gubba, David Icke, John Inverdale, Hazel Irvine, Gary Lineker, Roger Black, Helen Rollason, Ray Stubbs, David Vine, Alan Weeks and Bob Wilson.

Theme tune
The original theme was "News Scoop" by Len Stevens, which was used until 6 November 1971. From 13 November 1971 to 11 October 1975, another tune, composed by Barry Stoller, who also composed the Match of the Day theme, was used. The programme's longest running theme, composed for the programme by Keith Mansfield, was first broadcast at the end of the 11 October 1975 edition (the 1000th edition of Grandstand) (and apart from a brief remix which commenced in 1999 but dropped after a few weeks due to complaints)  remained until the end of the programme's existence.

Notable live events
 Foinavon winning the 1967 Grand National at odds of 100/1 following a 23rd fence pile up in which every other horse fell or was remounted – the fence was subsequently named in Foinavon's honour.
 Golfer Tony Jacklin hitting the first live televised hole in one in Britain during the Dunlop Masters on 16 September 1967.
 Gareth Edwards scoring one of the most memorable tries in history, in the Barbarians v All Blacks rugby union match at Cardiff Arms Park on 27 January 1973.
 The first known streaker at a major sporting event during an England v France Rugby Union match at Twickenham on 20 April 1974.
 Cambridge sinking in the 1978 University Boat Race and again in 1984, after colliding with a stationary barge.
 A fight breaking out on air between staff in the newsroom behind presenter Des Lynam on 1 April 1989. This was later revealed to be an April Fool's Day joke.
 The Hillsborough football ground disaster on 15 April 1989.
 The Grand National on 3 April 1993 being declared void after two false starts – 30 horses ran the race when their jockeys mistakenly assumed the course officials waving red flags were protesters.
 Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna's fatal accidents during the San Marino Grand Prix on 30 April and 1 May 1994 (Sunday Grandstand).
 Jockey Frankie Dettori winning all seven races at Ascot on 28 September 1996.
 The evacuation of Aintree Racecourse on 5 April 1997 due to an IRA bomb threat that caused the cancellation of the Grand National (the race took place two days later).

See also
 Wide World of Sports World of Sport''
 Broadcasting of sports events
 Colemanballs

References

External links

1958 British television series debuts
2007 British television series endings
1950s British sports television series
1960s British sports television series
1970s British sports television series
1980s British sports television series
1990s British sports television series
2000s British sports television series
BBC Sport
BBC Television shows
Black-and-white British television shows
Olympics on television
English-language television shows

Grandstand (TV programme)


Irede de Luna es una localidad del municipio de Los Barrios de Luna, en la provincia de León, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, (España).

Situación

Se accede a través de la carretera CV-102-21.

Limita al E con Los Barrios de Luna, al S con Riello y al N con Sena de Luna.

Evolución demográfica

Localidades de Los Barrios de Luna
Localidades de Luna

Irede de Luna


Koçpınar, Tunceli ilinin Pertek ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Coğrafya
Tunceli il merkezine 28 km, Pertek ilçesine 25 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Pertek belde ve köyleri

Koçpınar, Pertek


Røntgen-fluorescensspektroskopi (på engelsk: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopi, XRF) eller energifordelings-Røntgenspektroskopi (på engelsk: Energi-dispersive X-ray-spektroscopi, EDS, EDX, eller XEDS) undertiden også kaldet energifordelings-røntgenanalyse (EDXA) eller energifordelings-mikroanalyse (EDXMA) er en analyseteknik, der anvendes til grundstof-analyse eller kemisk karakterisering af en prøve.

Metoden udnytter princippet for røntgen-fluorescens og bygger på anvendelsen af en røntgenkilde med høj energi til at anslå atomerne i en prøve, så der udsendes en røntgenstråling med mindre energi.
Metodens anvendelighed skyldes for en stor del det grundlæggende princip, at hvert grundstof med sin unikke, atomare struktur afgiver et unikt røntgen-emissionsspektrum som et fingeraftryk. røntgen-emisssionsspektret kan måles med et røntgenspektroskop.

Metoden

For at stimulere emissionen (dvs. udsendelsen) af den karakteristiske røntgenstråling fra en prøve, bliver en røntgenstråle med høj energi fokuseret på prøven. Emissionen af røntgenstråling beror på energioverførsel svarende til mekanismen i fluorescens og nordlys. En elektron absorberer stråling med høj energi og bliver løftet til et højere energiniveau. Elektronen er blevet exciteret (anslået eller aktivereret). Systemet henfalder igen til grundniveauet ved, at en elektron falder ned i det frie (vakante) energiniveau under udsendelse af en højenergi-foton, dvs. røntgenstråling. Den udgående foton vil altid have lavere energi end påvirkningen, dvs den udgående stråling vil altid have længere bølgelængde end påvirkningen.

Andre metoder til at stimulere røntgenemissionen fra en prøve er at anvende en højenergi-stråle af ladede partikler, enten elektroner eller protoner.

Anvendelsesområder

•	Metaller som ædelmetaller og tungmetaller

•	Geologiske prøver som klippestykker og jord

•	Flydende prøver

•	Byggematerialer og malede overflader

•	Støv fra luftprøver og andre miljøprøver

Eksterne links og henvisninger

How does XRF work?
XRF
Basic EDXRF Theory
European X-ray Spectrometry Association - interesting links
5 teknikker, der har revolutioneret arkæologien. Videnskab.dk 2015

Naturvidenskab
Fysik
Lys

Røntgen-fluorescensspektroskopi


Lanolin je tvar životinjskog podrijetla koja se najčešće dobiva s kože i vune ovaca. Ovce ga stvaraju u svojim lojnim žlijezdama na površinskom dijelu kože. Ima zaštitnu ulogu jer na koži i dlaci stvara sloj koji štiti od prodiranja vode.

Lanolin je smeđe do žute boje, na dodir i oblikom pastozan.  U sastavu lanolina prevladavaju lanolinske kiseline, njih preko dvjesto, lanolinski alkoholi, kao i kolesterol i lanosterol.

U kozmetologiji se najčešće se koristi kao dodatak kremama, mastima, losionima, ruževima i balzamima. U kremama služi kao emulgator, tvar koja sprečava odvajanje dviju faza. Kroz povijest se na lanolinu kao sirovini baziralo više krema, a jedna od poznatijih na hrvatskom tržištu je Pavlovićeva mast.

Izvori

Kozmetika

Lanolin


Parakete aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir;
 Parakete (aygıt)
 Parakete, Üzerinde yüzlerce iğneli köstek bulunan uzun balık oltası

Parakete


Framsenteret (FRAM – Nordområdesenter for klima og miljøforskning) er et forskningssamarbejde som ledes fra Framsenterets bygning i Tromsø. Framsenteret huser en række forsknings- og forvaltningsinstitutioner med fokus på på arktiske miljøspørgsmål. Framsenteret består af 20 institutioner som driver med tværfaglig forskning, rådgivning, forvaltning og formidling inden for naturvidenskab, teknologi og samfundsvidenskab.

Framsenteret var tidligere kendt som Polarmiljøsenteret (Senter for miljø og samarbeid i polarområdene og Barentsregionen). Navneskiftet skete 29. september 2010 ved formel åbning repræsenteret af statsminister Jens Stoltenberg, kunnskapsminister Kristin Halvorsen og kommunalminister Liv Signe Navarsete.

I tilknytning til centret ligger også oplevelsescentret Polaria.

Institutionen og forskning
Framsenteret er forkortelsen for FRAM – Nordområdesenter forskning på klima og miljø. Framsenteret er et tværfaglig kompetancecenter for forskning, miljøovervågning og rådgivning i Barentshavet, den arktiske regionen og Antarktis. Centret er et nationalt samarbejdsprojekt mellem en række forskellige norske institutioner.

I tillæg til forskningen som allerede gøres i de forskellige medlemsinstitutioner, samarbejdes der indenfor rammen af Framsenteret om seks forskningsprogram. Forskningen er koncentreret om hvilken betydning klimaændringer, forurening og andre påvirkninger har for natur og samfund i nordområderne. Bred formidling af resultatene, både nationalt og internationalt, er en vigtig del af aktiviteten. Forskningen bliver hovedsakelig finansieret af Miljøverndepartementet, samt af Fiskeri- og kystdepartementet, Utdanningsdepartementet og Utenriksdepartementet.

I dag består Framsenteret af forskningsinstitutionerne Norsk Polarinstitutt, Akvaplan-niva/NIVA, Norsk institutt for naturforskning, Norsk institutt for skog og landskap, Norsk institutt for luftforskning, Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning, Norsk institutt for skog og landskap, Norges geologiske undersøkelse, Statens strålevern, Statens kartverk og Kystverket,Havforskingsinstituttet, CICERO, SINTEF, Bioforsk, NORUT, UNIS, Nofima, Universitetet i Tromsø, Norges Veterinærhøgskole og Veterinærinstituttet. Associeret medlem er oplevelsescentret Polaria som ligger ved siden af Framsenterbygget.
I tillæg holder en del andre sekretariater og virksomheder til i Framsenterbygget. Arktisk Råds sekretariat har sine lokaler i Framsenterbygget.

Framsenteret har et eget sekretariat som koordinerer forskning og formidling. I tillæg til fælles forskningsflagskib koordinerer Framsenteret AS brugerinteresser vedrørende byggeri og drift fællestjenester i Framsenteret, herunder markedsføring og profilering. Administrerende direktør ved Framsenteret AS er Are Johnsen.

Framsenterets samarbejdsorgan består af et fælles centermøde der de 20 medlemsinstitutioner har stemmeret og vælger en centerleder. Rektor ved UIT, Anne Husebekk er leder og overtog egter Jan-Gunnar Winther i lederhvervet i 2015. Fælles forskningsprogram ledes af en forskningsledergruppe valgt af centermødet.

Bygningen
Framsenteret (tidligere Polarmiljøsenteret) er også bygningen som rummer de nævnte institutioner. Den blev opført af Statsbygg og stod færdig i efteråret 1998. Arkitekter var JAF arkitektkontor på Gjøvik, og bygherre var Miljøverndepartementet i forbindelse med Stortingets vedtagelse i 1993 om at flytte Norsk Polarinstitutt fra Oslo til Tromsø. Bygningen indeholder diverse kontorer, laboratorier, bibliotek, lagerrum, konferencelokaler, kantine med mere fordelt over 15.000 m² og seks etager.

Framsenteret ligger i strandkanten lige syd for Tromsø centrum, mellem Hålogaland Teaters nybyggeri, havnen, Tromsø kunstforening og Macks Ølbryggeri. Lige vest for bygningen holder Fylkesmannen i Troms og Troms fylkeskommune til.

Sammen med Polaria modtog Framsenteret i 2003 FIABCI Norways Eiendomspris for "god norsk arkitektur og byggeskik".

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Framsenterets hjemmeside
 JAF Arkitektkontors hjemmeside

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Tromsø

Framsenteret


Dönüşüm, Değişim veya Metamorfoz (Almanca özgün adı: Die Verwandlung),  Franz Kafka'nın uzun öyküsü.

İlk olarak 1915 yılında yayımlanmıştır. Kafka'nın en popüler eseri sayılabilir. Öykü, Gregor Samsa'nın bir sabah kendini dev bir böceğe dönüşmüş bulmasıyla başlar ve hayatındaki değişiklikleri anlatarak devam eder.

Karakterler

Gregor Samsa

Gregor Samsa öykünün ana karakteridir. Ailesinin geçimi için gezici bir pazarlamacı olarak ağır bir şekilde çalışmaktadır.
Bir sabah büyük bir böcek olarak uyanır.

Grete, Gregor'un küçük kız kardeşi ve dönüşümden sonra bakıcısıdır. Başlarda Grete ve Gregor'un iyi bir ilişkisi vardır ancak zamanla bu ilişki azalır. En başta onu beslemek ve odasını temizlemek için Grete gönüllü olsa da öykü ilerledikçe daha sabırsız olup, inadına ve kasıtlı bir biçimde odaya pis yemekler getirirdi. Grete, keman çalar ve konservatuvara gitme hayalleri kurardı.
Gregor da, bu hayali gerçekleştirmek için çalışmaktaydı ve Noel arifesinde bunu açıklayacaktı. Gregor'un dönüşümünden önce aileye gelir sağlamak için bir dükkânda tezgahtar olarak çalışmaktaydı. Öykünün başında sempatik gözüken karakter zamanla bu sempatisini kaybediyor.

Gregor'un babasının Gregor'un patronuna büyük bir borcu vardır. Bu yüzden, Gregor nefret etse de işinden ayrılamaz. Bay Samsa, Gregor'un çalıştığı zamanlarda tembel ve yaşlıdır. Ancak dönüşümden sonra Gregor para kazanamadığı için Bay Samsa çalışmaya başlar.

Samsalar gelir elde etmek için birlikte yaşamak üzere üç kiracıyla anlaşırlar. Kiracılar çok huysuzdur ve evdeki kirliliğe dayanamamaktadırlar. Gregor'u fark edip olağanüstü büyüklükte bir böcek olduğuna inanırlar ve aileyi dava açmakla tehdit ederler.

Grete Samsa
Grete, Gregor'un küçük kız kardeşi ve dönüşümünden sonra bakıcısıdır. Önceleri yakın bir ilişkileri olsa Gregor'un dönüşümüyle beraber bu ilişki kaybolur.

Çeviri

Kitabın Türkçe çevirisinde "Ungeziefer" kelimesi "Böcek" olarak çevrilmiştir, ancak bu tam olarak anlamı karşılamaz. Orta Almanya'da Ungeziefer'ın kelime anlamı "kurban edilmeye uygun olmayan kirli hayvan"dır ve bazen "haşere" anlamında kullanılır. Kafka, Gregor'u belirli bir şey olarak etiketlemek istememiş, sadece Gregor'un dönüşümünden duyduğu tiksintiyi göstermek istemiştir.

Kafka'nın yayımevine 25 Ekim 1915'te gönderdiği ve ilk baskının kapak resmi ile ilgili sıkıntılarını anlattığı mektupta "Böcek" (Insekt) kelimesini kullanmış ve "Kapakta böcek olmasın. Uzaktan bile görülmesin" der. Bu Kafka'nın Gregor'un dönüştüğü yaratık hakkında belirgin bilgi vermeme isteğini gösterirken; çevirmenlerin "Böcek" kelimesini kullanmasına neden olmuştur.

"Ungeziefer" bazen "hamamböceği", "bokböceği", "kınkanatlı böcek" ya da daha belirli şekilde çevrilmiştir. "Bokböceği" (Mistkäfer) öykünün sonunda temizlikçi tarafından kullanmıştır ancak anlatan kendini böyle betimlememiştir. "Ungeziefer" Samsa ve çevresi arasındaki ayrılığı simgeler; temiz değildir ve bu yüzden dışlanmalıdır.

Yorumlar

Bütün Kafka çalışmaları gibi Dönüşüm de farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Stanley Corngold, "Eleştirmenin Çaresizliği" adlı kitabında 130 farklı açıklamaya yer vermiştir. Birçoğu "toplumun farklı olana yaptığı muamele" etrafında toplanmıştır. "Yaşamdan kopmanın verdiği yalnızlık ve gelecekten herhangi bir şey ummamak" da bu açıklamalar arasındadır.
Yaptığı rutin işlerden memnun olmayan, ailesinin borcu nedeniyle çalışan ve onu zamanla yarıştıran bu işten kurtulmanın yolu belki de böcek olmaktır.
Bazıları da öykünün insan varlığının saçmalığının üzerinde durduğunu belirterek; varoluşçuluğa gönderme yapar.

Dış bağlantılar
 Dönüşüm - Evrim Tevfik Güney
 Değişim - Kamuran Şipal
 Kafka Okur - Franz Kafka
 Almanca aslı at DigBib.org (text, pdf, html)
 İngilizce çevirisi çeviren Ian Johnston
 Peter Kuper tarafından hazırlanan Video gösterisi

1910'lar hikâyeleri
1915 kitapları
Franz Kafka hikâyeleri
Yasaklanmış kitaplar
100 Temel Eser

Dönüşüm (öykü)


Martinus Sieveking () a fost un pianist virtuoz, compozitor, profesor și inventator olandez. Cunoscut de asemenea ca Martin Sieveking, în decursul carierei sale a concertat ca  în Europa și în Statele Unite  și și-a continuat studiile în Franța și USA după retragerea din cariera interpretivă. Originar din Olanda și fiind la fire nestatornic a fost supranumit  În vârful carierei sale interpretative critica muzicală new york-eză precum și cea din Boston l-a apreciat drept unul dintre cei mai mari pianiști al acelor timpuri.

Note

Bibliografie
 Brower, Hariette (1917). "Piano Mastery: Second Series". Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York.
 Lahee, Henry Charles (1913). "Famous Pianists of To-day and Yesterday, 11th impression". L.C. Page & Company, Boston.
 Library of Congress Copyright Office (1897). "Catalog of Title Entries of Books Etc. July-Dec 1897, Cat. Nos. 314-319", Government Printing Office, Washington.
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 Sandow, Eugen (1897). "Strength and How to Obtain It". Gale & Polden, Ltd., London.

Legături externe

Chopin Prelude Op. 28, No. 15 ("Raindrops"), Transcriere pentru violoncel și pian de la IMSLP.orgg
Sieveking's A Sketch from IMSLP

Nașteri în 1867
Decese în 1950
Compozitori neerlandezi
Pianiști clasici
Oameni din Amsterdam

Martinus Sieveking